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clarke made his nhl debut on january 6,
clarke made his nhl debut on january 6, 2024, in a 6–4 loss against the vancouver canucks. he and brandt were both selected for the 2024 ahl all-star game, the second pair of brothers to attend the game together after peter and chris ferraro in 1997 and 2003. he would finish the ahl season with 25 goals and 49 points i...
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a58f1a4555d18ca772a0b4858b1bc9bb24479944
the 2022–23 season saw clarke more than double
the 2022–23 season saw clarke more than double his previous year's point production, totaling 58 points in 68 games. he was named ahl player of the week for the week ending on december 25, 2022, during which he scored four goals and six points in two games. in the playoffs, clarke put up six points in as many games, as...
wikipedia
f4dc36cb9688f2c9caabf52054e43c9e604d35c4
clarke was assigned to the utica comets for
clarke was assigned to the utica comets for the entirety of the 2021–22 season, scoring 24 points in 52 regular season games, as well as one point in three playoff games as the comets received a bye to the second round, where they were eliminated by the rochester americans.
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45947275dc15531d729cf9bcf5c3d05b22b15990
with the 2020–21 ohl season postponed and later
with the 2020–21 ohl season postponed and later cancelled due to the pandemic, clarke and his brother, brandt, began the season with hc nové zámky of the slovak extraliga. on february 8, 2021, after six games in slovakia over which he totaled just one assist, he signed a one-year american hockey league (ahl) contract w...
wikipedia
d4903b4c4ef7d0a198905595664b4aea9bc42d5e
returning to the 67's for the 2018–19 season,
returning to the 67's for the 2018–19 season, clarke scored his second michigan goal at the ohl level on march 8, 2019. his regular season production increased from the previous year's, netting 23 goals and 34 points in 55 games, along with seven goals and 14 points in 18 playoff games as the 67's made the ohl finals, ...
wikipedia
0c9c1eae20d7517ccf7446f4add01f87f3486aa8
clarke was selected sixth overall by the ottawa
clarke was selected sixth overall by the ottawa 67's in the 2017 ohl priority selection. he scored his first ontario hockey league (ohl) goal and assist in the third game of the 2017–18 season, on september 24, 2017, against the erie otters. on january 21, 2018, he scored a michigan goal against the peterborough petes,...
wikipedia
0c00fa03d1d2e61ef8b0da58c880a957b11cc59e
graeme clarke (born april 24, 2001) is an
graeme clarke (born april 24, 2001) is an american-born canadian professional ice hockey forward for the minnesota wild of the national hockey league (nhl). he was selected by the new jersey devils in the third round, 80th overall, of the 2019 nhl entry draft.
wikipedia
aee88943fd9e88b107ec84c8e5f296c6e74df786
the joe mcdonagh cup is an annual inter-county
the joe mcdonagh cup is an annual inter-county hurling competition organised by the gaelic athletic association. the cup forms the second-tier of hurling for senior county teams. it is contested by the six county teams ranked 12–17 in the all-ireland senior hurling championship. each year, the champions of the joe mcdo...
wikipedia
c9a054355c654fb5cbea7624716fde10613a6e5e
the cup is named after joe mcdonagh. he
the cup is named after joe mcdonagh. he was an all-ireland medal winner with galway in 1980 before later serving as president of the gaelic athletic association. mcdonagh, who died in may 2016, was one of the most respected figures within the gaa.
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833f8c5626ca4ce417a10e77e2cae64ced712c02
the cup is decorated with ribbons in the
the cup is decorated with ribbons in the colours of the winning team. during the game the cup has both teams' sets of ribbons attached and the runners-up ribbons are removed before the presentation. the winning captain accepts the cup on behalf of his team before giving a short speech. individual members of the winning...
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8080347811c52f82e0b75fb6efced332e34d0df4
at the end of the cup final, the
at the end of the cup final, the winning team are presented with a trophy. the joe mcdonagh cup is held by the winning team until the following year's final. the presentation is made at a special rostrum in the ard chomairle section of the hogan stand where gaa and political dignitaries and special guests view the matc...
wikipedia
a321933950c9cf9bda535ec09f5b905d259e673e
the number of years that each county has
the number of years that each county has played in the joe mcdonagh cup between 2018 and 2025. a total of 9 counties have competed in at least one season of the joe mcdonagh cup. kerry have participated in all 8 seasons. the counties in bold participate in the 2025 joe mcdonagh cup.
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9e8377949cdff8764a9168e1147f4e68273607ff
the bottom team in the joe mcdonagh group
the bottom team in the joe mcdonagh group stage is relegated to the third-tier christy ring cup for the following year, being replaced by the champions of the christy ring cup for that year. since 2018 there has been no promotion/relegation playoff between tiers two and three.
wikipedia
546310f2b571889f658924af2012df4bcad48b95
the joe mcdonagh cup is unique among the
the joe mcdonagh cup is unique among the four lower-tier hurling competitions in that it also currently provides a direct entry route for the top two teams to compete in that year's all-ireland senior hurling championship; the two top-placed teams, in addition to contesting the joe mcdonagh cup final, are rewarded with...
wikipedia
6fb88c78fd50b53bc717080b5d8137b692c2b599
group stage: there are six teams in the
group stage: there are six teams in the cup. during the course of a season (from may to june) each team plays the others once (a single round-robin system) for a total of five games. teams receive two points for a win and one point for a draw. no points are awarded for a loss. teams are ranked by total points. the top ...
wikipedia
d64d39a36a69afb636e7d987b84aa251ef3a467f
9 county teams have participated in at least
9 county teams have participated in at least one edition of the mcdonagh cup. kerry have been ever-presents, never being promoted or relegated, while offaly hold the dubious distinction of being the only team to fall from the tier-one leinster championship into the joe mcdonagh and immediately into the hurling's third-...
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f63c2e33891b581df8f12ce69388c82946d11cb6
an amendment to the motion from laois, offaly
an amendment to the motion from laois, offaly and meath was carried by 87%. this would see the two joe mcdonagh cup finalists participating in preliminary all-ireland quarter-finals against the third-placed team in both leinster and munster with the joe mcdonagh cup teams having home advantage.
wikipedia
5a37a2786fdcc2029d7d03a8542c2fd2bb9da91c
at the gaa's special congress on 30 september
at the gaa's special congress on 30 september 2017, a new provincial hurling championship system featuring five-team round-robin groups in both leinster and munster was accepted. this restructure necessitated the removal of four counties from the leinster championship. these four teams joined the 2017 christy ring cup ...
wikipedia
43985e2e198dda1f6002e47e54db7329967d9f6f
the title has been won by five different
the title has been won by five different counties, two of whom have won the title more than once. the all-time record-holders are antrim and carlow, who have won the championship on two occasions. offaly are the title holders, defeating laois by 2-23 to 0-26 in the 2024 final.
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65db9dd0c64d1afb741375877de32d1b8cdaaf12
the joe mcdonagh cup (irish: corn sheosaimh mhic
the joe mcdonagh cup (irish: corn sheosaimh mhic dhonnacha) is an annual inter-county hurling competition organised by the gaelic athletic association. the cup forms the second-tier of hurling for senior county teams (the all-ireland senior hurling championship is the first-tier trophy). it is contested by the six coun...
wikipedia
4650c7042879259e640802e7844bdc6a4f41e022
alcorn entered the sporting goods business in 1955
alcorn entered the sporting goods business in 1955 when he was hired as a salesman for hanoian's sporting goods, where he later became manager of the fishing department. he opened his own fresno store, alcorn's sporting goods, which he owned from the late-1980s until 1998. alcorn helped to establish the organization ko...
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4983af4668703cc37c4ce1fb9ab75ff2fd80b448
alcorn was selected by the minneapolis lakers as
alcorn was selected by the minneapolis lakers as the 83rd overall pick in the 1958 nba draft and the detroit pistons as the 18th overall pick in the 1959 nba draft. he played in the national basketball association (nba) for the pistons during his rookie season in 1959–60. alcorn signed as a free agent with the lakers o...
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f34f42ec71c2da7a8b46f4ed3f321d147c4e8e34
alcorn started his college basketball career at fresno
alcorn started his college basketball career at fresno city college where he helped the rams to a state championship in 1955 and a third place finish in 1956. he also played for the fresno state bulldogs of the west coast athletic conference (wcac) where his 333 points during the 1956–57 season surpassed a league recor...
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728c82b673edaaa3197f145d41e6f2c1efa15a0c
alcorn was born and raised on a small
alcorn was born and raised on a small farm in calwa, california. his father was an avid outdoorsman and taught him how to hunt and fish. alcorn attended theodore roosevelt high school in fresno, california, and led the basketball team to a north yosemite league title during his senior year.
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f2b49858f34629dab56b5e368c29d7362d6e1380
gary r. alcorn (october 8, 1936 – november
gary r. alcorn (october 8, 1936 – november 29, 2006) was an american professional basketball player. he played parts of two seasons in the national basketball association (nba) for the detroit pistons and los angeles lakers from 1959 to 1960.
wikipedia
b344c7b6bed906cf10f99bf3a6fb98a0a5777738
the 2019 pac-12 conference men's basketball tournament presented
the 2019 pac-12 conference men's basketball tournament presented by new york life was a postseason men's basketball tournament for the pac-12 conference played from march 13–16, 2019, at t-mobile arena on the las vegas strip in paradise, nevada. no. 6 seed oregon ducks upset no. 1 seed washington 68–48 in the champions...
wikipedia
9bc8b2de7d5fe54d935e4cba046f299f340a855e
the 2019 class of the pac-12 hall of
the 2019 class of the pac-12 hall of honor, honored on march 15 during a ceremony prior to the tournament semifinals, included meg ritchie-stone (arizona), frank kush (arizona state), natalie coughlin (california), lisa van goor (colorado), bev smith (oregon), dick fosbury (oregon state), dick gould (stanford), ann mey...
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300639331e6e0696b1b9ae72be9231329bce49ee
when arriving at another group of tied teams
when arriving at another group of tied teams while comparing records, use each team's record (won-lost percentage) against the collective tied teams as a group (prior to that group's own tie-breaking procedure), rather than the performance against individual tied teams.
wikipedia
bd82c9867c39e76074fab5221eca74ed6e6c1a93
2. if more than two teams are still
2. if more than two teams are still tied, each of the tied team's record (won-lost percentage) vs. the team occupying the highest position in the final regular season standings, and then continuing down through the standings, eliminating teams with inferior records, until one team gains an advantage.
wikipedia
77c052f0c0bc4aba384eff2075788255091b2b7d
2. each team's record (won-lost percentage) vs. the
2. each team's record (won-lost percentage) vs. the team occupying the highest position in the final regular standings, and then continuing down through the standings until one team gains an advantage. when arriving at another group of tied teams while comparing records, use each team's record (won-lost percentage) aga...
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97f2efcfcaa1849b216c5875b229a93e8849f0b3
all 12 pac-12 schools were eligible to participate
all 12 pac-12 schools were eligible to participate in the tournament. teams were seeded by conference record, with a tiebreaker system used to seed teams with identical conference records. as a result, the top four teams receive a bye to the quarterfinals of the tournament.
wikipedia
b344c7b6bed906cf10f99bf3a6fb98a0a5777738
the 2019 pac-12 conference men's basketball tournament presented
the 2019 pac-12 conference men's basketball tournament presented by new york life was a postseason men's basketball tournament for the pac-12 conference played from march 13–16, 2019, at t-mobile arena on the las vegas strip in paradise, nevada. no. 6 seed oregon ducks upset no. 1 seed washington 68–48 in the champions...
wikipedia
1cbd2a904ceb485ed4527ce8864856f85d8920ed
aino station was opened on 20 june 1911
aino station was opened on 20 june 1911 as ainomura station (愛野村駅). the station was renamed on 5 november 1960. in september 1986 the existing station building was completed.
wikipedia
72eb4adb0fe9c789fcff32557542e4c8b9a2aa26
the station is on the ground level with
the station is on the ground level with two opposing side platforms. the station building faces the south platform and has a church-like exterior with a cross on top. the building is equipped with a station office, waiting room, flush toilets, and vending machines. a covered waiting room is installed on the north platf...
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767eeaf4af373a3d3b43f36978f7b927d3e3ab29
in 1990, tallon was awarded the michaelis medal
in 1990, tallon was awarded the michaelis medal for physics research. he was elected a fellow of the royal society of new zealand in 1993, and in 1998 he won the society's hector medal jointly with paul callaghan. in 2002, tallon was awarded the rutherford medal, the highest award in new zealand science. in 2011 tallon...
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f8897112cc1c58c2c9cbf930b71c9d4a8a15ec65
tallon was born in hamilton on 17 december
tallon was born in hamilton on 17 december 1948, the son of phyllis blanche tallon (née currie) and george frederick tallon. he grew up in mount albert, and was educated at gladstone primary school, and later mount albert grammar school in auckland from 1962 to 1966. after a bsc(hons) at the university of auckland, he ...
wikipedia
01a83912c557ffc04bc41a698ffded19daa5e59a
optics began with the development of lenses by
optics began with the development of lenses by the ancient egyptians and mesopotamians, followed by theories on light and vision developed by ancient greek philosophers, and the development of geometrical optics in the greco-roman world. the word optics is derived from the greek term τα ὀπτικά meaning 'appearance, look...
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852b3163e31dc869039c3c9e5717cf2114f95436
today's fields of interest among quantum optics researchers
today's fields of interest among quantum optics researchers include parametric down-conversion, parametric oscillation, even shorter (attosecond) light pulses, use of quantum optics for quantum information, manipulation of single atoms and bose–einstein condensates, their application, and how to manipulate them (a sub-...
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dcbba78aa15111a74453c5878d119e6bc5ae0830
other remarkable results are the demonstration of quantum
other remarkable results are the demonstration of quantum entanglement, quantum teleportation, and (recently, in 1995) quantum logic gates. the latter are of much interest in quantum information theory, a subject which partly emerged from quantum optics, partly from theoretical computer science.
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d4d1141e3d855781938ee7b117e7155e90ca46b1
as laser science needed good theoretical foundations, and
as laser science needed good theoretical foundations, and also because research into these soon proved very fruitful, interest in quantum optics rose. following the work of dirac in quantum field theory, george sudarshan, roy j. glauber, and leonard mandel applied quantum theory to the electromagnetic field in the 1950...
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432d79826e403d53700160a2ea2c39f48b81da10
this changed with the invention of the maser
this changed with the invention of the maser in 1953 and the laser in 1960. laser science —research into principles, design and application of these devices—became an important field, and the quantum mechanics underlying the laser's principles was studied now with more emphasis on the properties of light, and the name ...
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5f6c3811159bdea4baa0bff50e7f409c7a40def4
light is made up of particles called photons
light is made up of particles called photons and hence inherently is quantized. quantum optics is the study of the nature and effects of light as quantized photons. the first indication that light might be quantized came from max planck in 1899 when he correctly modelled blackbody radiation by assuming that the exchang...
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44f8e2e3902fe9f80e546542fe0f7c341856822d
galileo galilei (also sometimes cited as a compound
galileo galilei (also sometimes cited as a compound microscope inventor) seems to have found after 1609 that he could close focus his telescope to view small objects and, after seeing a compound microscope built by drebbel exhibited in rome in 1624, built his own improved version. the name microscope was coined by giov...
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008be982e7b5ebf72230f3b9d124b5a9c8a69034
the earliest known examples of compound microscopes, which
the earliest known examples of compound microscopes, which combine an objective lens near the specimen with an eyepiece to view a real image, appeared in europe around 1620. the design is very similar to the telescope and, like that device, its inventor is unknown. again claims revolve around the spectacle making cente...
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1002c66b91a879648e1fa2d472c50c440efbc89b
the earliest known working telescopes were the refracting
the earliest known working telescopes were the refracting telescopes that appeared in the netherlands in 1608. their inventor is unknown: hans lippershey applied for the first patent that year followed by a patent application by jacob metius of alkmaar two weeks later (neither was granted since examples of the device s...
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67078b2efeb4312a42ab406de9275d0bcb9b6ab4
between the 11th and 13th centuries, so-called "
between the 11th and 13th centuries, so-called " reading stones " were invented. often used by monks to assist in illuminating manuscripts, these were primitive plano-convex lenses, initially made by cutting a glass sphere in half. as the stones were experimented with, it was slowly understood that shallower lenses mag...
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6ec5417b058df10c70b2760ae501512be25b069d
ibn al-haytham (alhacen) wrote about the effects of
ibn al-haytham (alhacen) wrote about the effects of pinhole, concave lenses, and magnifying glasses in his 11th century book of optics (1021 ce). the english friar roger bacon, during the 1260s or 1270s,wrote works on optics, partly based on the works of arab writers, that described the function of corrective lenses fo...
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15b9e00cc9995690592ddbf956c27cc59cb4b3e4
the earliest written record of magnification dates back
the earliest written record of magnification dates back to the 1st century ce, when seneca the younger, a tutor of emperor nero, wrote: "letters, however small and indistinct, are seen enlarged and more clearly through a globe or glass filled with water." emperor nero is also said to have watched the gladiatorial games...
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5f1c8a9983409f0f7efb7ca48d74dbaba1241384
although disputed, archeological evidence has been suggested of
although disputed, archeological evidence has been suggested of the use of lenses in ancient times over a period of several millennia. it has been proposed that glass eye covers in hieroglyphs from the old kingdom of egypt (c. 2686–2181 bce) were functional simple glass meniscus lenses. the so-called nimrud lens, a roc...
wikipedia
8575a3c4ecccd561bdedcc1abf247ebb4d64bd2d
the effects of diffraction of light were carefully
the effects of diffraction of light were carefully observed and characterized by francesco maria grimaldi, who also coined the term diffraction, from the latin diffringere, 'to break into pieces', referring to light breaking up into different directions. the results of grimaldi's observations were published posthumousl...
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e992382847b4cd1d8486791e4d04e463f453e53c
in his hypothesis of light of 1675, newton
in his hypothesis of light of 1675, newton posited the existence of the ether to transmit forces between particles. in 1704, newton published opticks, in which he expounded his corpuscular theory of light. he considered light to be made up of extremely subtle corpuscles, that ordinary matter was made of grosser corpusc...
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9090a12b53ccf03582f9781a2c4dc27be78d63d3
isaac newton (1643–1727) investigated the refraction of light,
isaac newton (1643–1727) investigated the refraction of light, demonstrating that a prism could decompose white light into a spectrum of colours, and that a lens and a second prism could recompose the multicoloured spectrum into white light. he also showed that the coloured light does not change its properties by separ...
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5dda6531ca1130e0d6c13ac119f1ce521dec4ceb
christiaan huygens (1629–1695) wrote several works in the
christiaan huygens (1629–1695) wrote several works in the area of optics. these included the opera reliqua (also known as christiani hugenii zuilichemii, dum viveret zelhemii toparchae, opuscula posthuma) and the traité de la lumière.
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d33844208c76ffad21e43a8fb2e80d3ceb1b5424
willebrord snellius (1580–1626) found the mathematical law of
willebrord snellius (1580–1626) found the mathematical law of refraction, now known as snell's law, in 1621. subsequently, rené descartes (1596–1650) showed, by using geometric construction and the law of refraction (also known as descartes' law), that the angular radius of a rainbow is 42° (i.e. the angle subtended at...
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c8e30e8f77436e909a022a25ca9eb607eec6880e
johannes kepler (1571–1630) picked up the investigation of
johannes kepler (1571–1630) picked up the investigation of the laws of optics from his lunar essay of 1600. both lunar and solar eclipses presented unexplained phenomena, such as unexpected shadow sizes, the red color of a total lunar eclipse, and the reportedly unusual light surrounding a total solar eclipse. related ...
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e34621b3eecbf9cc22d7ce4465e848577cc168c1
theodoric of freiberg (ca. 1250–ca. 1310) was among
theodoric of freiberg (ca. 1250–ca. 1310) was among the first in europe to provide the correct scientific explanation for the rainbow phenomenon, as well as qutb al-din al-shirazi (1236–1311) and his student kamāl al-dīn al-fārisī (1260–1320) mentioned above.
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e9b8f35ea70aa55a72b993cc4b0f63ddc2b949c6
like his predecessors, witelo (born circa 1230, died
like his predecessors, witelo (born circa 1230, died between 1280 and 1314) drew on the extensive body of optical works recently translated from greek and arabic to produce a massive presentation of the subject entitled the perspectiva. his theory of vision follows alhacen and he does not consider bacon's concept of sp...
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3b60ccd74dd05e30be5b9ac6a0e7d9029bb4c239
another english franciscan, john pecham (died 1292) built
another english franciscan, john pecham (died 1292) built on the work of bacon, grosseteste, and a diverse range of earlier writers to produce what became the most widely used textbook on optics of the middle ages, the perspectiva communis. his book centered on the question of vision, on how we see, rather than on the ...
wikipedia
1e4d9dc9a676fdb3dcbbc5d49018a94b93bffacb
several later works, including the influential a moral
several later works, including the influential a moral treatise on the eye (latin: tractatus moralis de oculo) by peter of limoges (1240–1306), helped popularize and spread the ideas found in bacon's writings.
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189895cdca353f14886c2a0d8804ab61c2ada727
the english franciscan, roger bacon (c. 1214–1294) was
the english franciscan, roger bacon (c. 1214–1294) was strongly influenced by grosseteste's writings on the importance of light. in his optical writings (the perspectiva, the de multiplicatione specierum, and the de speculis comburentibus) he cited a wide range of recently translated optical and philosophical works, in...
wikipedia
57c17103c03453ae40dcf6357be52ed8287d45c2
his more general consideration of light as a
his more general consideration of light as a primary agent of physical causation appears in his on lines, angles, and figures where he asserts that "a natural agent propagates its power from itself to the recipient" and in on the nature of places where he notes that "every natural action is varied in strength and weakn...
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38b339d076e95e6901556728e14392dbeb20dc7c
setting aside the issues of epistemology and theology,
setting aside the issues of epistemology and theology, grosseteste's cosmogony of light describes the origin of the universe in what may loosely be described as a medieval "big bang" theory. both his biblical commentary, the hexaemeron (1230 x 35), and his scientific on light (1235 x 40), took their inspiration from ge...
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089ffed58c5e42c8718b4d3fd0348d6f14599b48
the english bishop robert grosseteste (c. 1175–1253) wrote
the english bishop robert grosseteste (c. 1175–1253) wrote on a wide range of scientific topics at the time of the origin of the medieval university and the recovery of the works of aristotle. grosseteste reflected a period of transition between the platonism of early medieval learning and the new aristotelianism, henc...
wikipedia
e92c0f2f74eee701d94d16f60550358af98fb28c
in the late 13th and early 14th centuries,
in the late 13th and early 14th centuries, qutb al-din al-shirazi (1236–1311) and his student kamāl al-dīn al-fārisī (1260–1320) continued the work of ibn al-haytham, and they were among the first to give the correct explanations for the rainbow phenomenon. al-fārisī published his findings in his kitab tanqih al-manazi...
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07d0cf097ce84b3b72a31e5f295021cfc849c1cc
abu 'abd allah muhammad ibn ma'udh, who lived
abu 'abd allah muhammad ibn ma'udh, who lived in al-andalus during the second half of the 11th century, wrote a work on optics later translated into latin as liber de crepisculis, which was mistakenly attributed to alhazen. this was a "short work containing an estimation of the angle of depression of the sun at the beg...
wikipedia
e85fb7b65847faed0ae7142014b771b3e86be5bd
avicenna (980–1037) agreed with alhazen that the speed
avicenna (980–1037) agreed with alhazen that the speed of light is finite, as he "observed that if the perception of light is due to the emission of some sort of particles by a luminous source, the speed of light must be finite." abū rayhān al-bīrūnī (973-1048) also agreed that light has a finite speed, and stated that...
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536af55d1f918a9f1fd47d2b45fe8e401c7d2d94
ibn al-haytham (known in as alhacen or alhazen
ibn al-haytham (known in as alhacen or alhazen in western europe), writing in the 1010s, received both ibn sahl's treatise and a partial arabic translation of ptolemy's optics. he produced a comprehensive and systematic analysis of greek optical theories. ibn al-haytham's key achievement was twofold: first, to insist, ...
wikipedia
70763f7ad7b22a07edcdcdff272aa8ecb8786105
ibn sahl, a mathematician active in baghdad during
ibn sahl, a mathematician active in baghdad during the 980s, is the first islamic scholar known to have compiled a commentary on ptolemy's optics. his treatise fī al-'āla al-muḥriqa "on the burning instruments" was reconstructed from fragmentary manuscripts by rashed (1993). the work is concerned with how curved mirror...
wikipedia
8ea3b11b5bd4e8dd33fad584874aad021c7f2502
al-kindi (c. 801–873) was one of the earliest
al-kindi (c. 801–873) was one of the earliest important optical writers in the islamic world. in a work known in the west as de radiis stellarum, al-kindi developed a theory "that everything in the world... emits rays in every direction, which fill the whole world."
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794e86d8811a9b66476c1e2abb50c5ed7764153b
optics documents ptolemy's studies of reflection and refraction.
optics documents ptolemy's studies of reflection and refraction. he measured the angles of refraction between air, water, and glass, but his published results indicate that he adjusted his measurements to fit his (incorrect) assumption that the angle of refraction is proportional to the angle of incidence.
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like hero, claudius ptolemy in his second-century optics
like hero, claudius ptolemy in his second-century optics considered the visual rays as proceeding from the eye to the object seen, but, unlike hero, considered that the visual rays were not discrete lines, but formed a continuous cone.
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a27db242046235e8225fcc4179204f6a8de51162
hero demonstrated the equality of the angle of
hero demonstrated the equality of the angle of incidence and reflection on the grounds that this is the shortest path from the object to the observer. on this basis, he was able to define the fixed relation between an object and its image in a plane mirror. specifically, the image appears to be as far behind the mirror...
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873cb92cb8ff64c50e25d68df7f08fc6e4550539
where euclid had limited his analysis to simple
where euclid had limited his analysis to simple direct vision, hero of alexandria (c. ad 10–70) extended the principles of geometrical optics to consider problems of reflection (catoptrics). unlike euclid, hero occasionally commented on the physical nature of visual rays, indicating that they proceeded at great speed f...
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43f55dc0db85cbd7247c19bdcb67b8664b131243
the early writers discussed here treated vision more
the early writers discussed here treated vision more as a geometrical than as a physical, physiological, or psychological problem. the first known author of a treatise on geometrical optics was the geometer euclid (c. 325 bc–265 bc). euclid began his study of optics as he began his study of geometry, with a set of self...
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d8b61d1aa78528d71da96888135ad6a18348f09d
the indian buddhists, such as dignāga in the
the indian buddhists, such as dignāga in the 5th century and dharmakirti in the 7th century, developed a type of atomism which defined the atoms which make up the world as momentary flashes of light or energy. they viewed light as being an atomic entity equivalent to energy, though they also viewed all matter as being ...
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in his catoptrica, hero of alexandria showed by
in his catoptrica, hero of alexandria showed by a geometrical method that the actual path taken by a ray of light reflected from a plane mirror is shorter than any other reflected path that might be drawn between the source and point of observation.
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in his optics greek mathematician euclid observed that
in his optics greek mathematician euclid observed that "things seen under a greater angle appear greater, and those under a lesser angle less, while those under equal angles appear equal". in the 36 propositions that follow, euclid relates the apparent size of an object to its distance from the eye and investigates the...
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in the fifth century bce, empedocles postulated that
in the fifth century bce, empedocles postulated that everything was composed of four elements; fire, air, earth and water. he believed that aphrodite made the human eye out of the four elements and that she lit the fire in the eye which shone out from the eye making sight possible. if this were true, then one could see...
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optics began with the development of lenses by
optics began with the development of lenses by the ancient egyptians and mesopotamians, followed by theories on light and vision developed by ancient greek philosophers, and the development of geometrical optics in the greco-roman world. the word optics is derived from the greek term τα ὀπτικά meaning 'appearance, look...
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bca097cfde5004ae3c2db42393d884aa3a5730a0
following the lockout, he returned to the lightning,
following the lockout, he returned to the lightning, but with the presence of vincent lecavalier, martin st. louis, and brad richards, he had limited playing time. he did not put up the numbers he could, and so, on december 30, 2006, the lightning waived him and he was picked up by the philadelphia flyers. while in phi...
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following the 2000–01 season, he was signed by
following the 2000–01 season, he was signed by the lightning. until the 2003–04 nhl season, he would split his time between the lightning and their farm team. he would play for one ihl team (the detroit vipers) and two ahl teams (the grand rapids griffins and springfield falcons).
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afanasenkov began his north american ice hockey career
afanasenkov began his north american ice hockey career after being drafted by the tampa bay lightning in the 1998 nhl entry draft in the third round, 72nd overall. he started playing in the quebec major junior hockey league (qmjhl) for the moncton wildcats in his first season, and then for the sherbrooke castors in the...
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dmitri anatolyevich afanasenkov (russian: Дмитрий Анатольевич Афанасенков; born
dmitri anatolyevich afanasenkov (russian: Дмитрий Анатольевич Афанасенков; born may 12, 1980) is a russian former professional ice hockey player who played in the national hockey league (nhl) with the tampa bay lightning and the philadelphia flyers.
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najran regional airport (iata: eam, icao: oeng) is
najran regional airport (iata: eam, icao: oeng) is an airport in najran (also spelt as nejran), saudi arabia. it was opened by mishaal bin abdullah, governor of the najran province, on 20 september 2011.
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jean-marc pelletier is an american former professional ice
jean-marc pelletier is an american former professional ice hockey goaltender who played seven national hockey league (nhl) games over parts of three seasons for the philadelphia flyers and phoenix coyotes between 1999 and 2004. the rest of his career, which lasted from 1998 to 2010, was mainly spent in the semi pro lea...
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ab4ad185c0647a00c551cc97d6ed72c6dabfbcb5
at the end of november 2006, pelletier signed
at the end of november 2006, pelletier signed a contract with adler mannheim of the del to replace robert müller, who was diagnosed with a brain tumor. after the season, he signed a one-year-contract with the hamburg freezers.
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pelletier joined the flyers' ahl affiliate, the philadelphia
pelletier joined the flyers' ahl affiliate, the philadelphia phantoms in 1998–99. he also appeared in one nhl game that season for the flyers, a 0-5 loss against the ottawa senators. he made brief stops in the nhl in two other seasons, appearing in two games for the phoenix coyotes in the 2002–03 season and four more i...
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pelletier was drafted out of cornell university by
pelletier was drafted out of cornell university by the philadelphia flyers in the second round of the 1997 nhl entry draft with the 30th overall pick. he played the 1997–98 season with the rimouski océanic of the quebec major junior hockey league, and also played for team usa at the 1998 world junior ice hockey champio...
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pelletier was born in atlanta, georgia, and grew
pelletier was born in atlanta, georgia, and grew up in saint-lambert, quebec. as a youth, he played in the 1992 quebec international pee-wee hockey tournament with the richelieu champlain minor ice hockey team.
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bd6e1179d39342b1b226e3f91407259916408b80
jean-marc pelletier (born march 4, 1978) is an
jean-marc pelletier (born march 4, 1978) is an american former professional ice hockey goaltender who played seven national hockey league (nhl) games over parts of three seasons for the philadelphia flyers and phoenix coyotes between 1999 and 2004. the rest of his career, which lasted from 1998 to 2010, was mainly spen...
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a611dd9c407e08cb4eba58fc7ea9c69ec91913e9
the 2023 u sports men's soccer championship was
the 2023 u sports men's soccer championship was the 51st edition of the u sports men's soccer championship, a postseason tournament to determine the national champion of the 2023 u sports men's soccer season. the tournament started on november 9 and ended with the bronze-medal and championship games being played on nov...
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the conference champions were allocated seeds 1 through
the conference champions were allocated seeds 1 through 4, with the additional teams (conference runners-up or host team) allocated seeds 5 through 8. ideally, seed 1 plays seed 8, seed 2 plays seed 7, seed 3 plays seed 6, and seed 4 plays seed 5, however, the bracket may be adjusted in the interest of avoiding an intr...
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85b66ac136727bbb28e091079c8384e54c564915
the 2023 u sports men's soccer championship was
the 2023 u sports men's soccer championship was the 51st edition of the u sports men's soccer championship, a postseason tournament to determine the national champion of the 2023 u sports men's soccer season. the tournament started on november 9 and ended with the bronze-medal and championship games being played on nov...
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0fc2f97b8adf4eb9743b8599b5555742b32f2d7e
the major basketball league (mbl) malaysia, formerly the
the major basketball league (mbl) malaysia, formerly the malaysia pro league (mpl), is the premier professional basketball league in malaysia founded by the malaysia basketball association (maba). the league also has a farm league which is the mbl development league. the most notable club in the league is ns matrix dee...
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the league also has a farm league which
the league also has a farm league which is the mbl development league. the most notable club in the league is ns matrix deers, who also play in the asean basketball league. the champions of the league are eligible to play for the basketball champions league asia qualifying rounds.
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john billy san luis mamaril is a filipino-american
john billy san luis mamaril is a filipino-american former professional basketball player who last played for the san miguel beermen of the philippine basketball association (pba). he plays the forward and center positions. like his father, former pba player and barangay ginebra kings slotman romy "mama" mamaril, he is ...
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637188b6487d4c6f9f3966b3a1ada0453b4dd40e
on april 6, 2015, mamaril was traded by
on april 6, 2015, mamaril was traded by ginebra to the globalport batang pier for dave marcelo after frankie lim was hired by barangay ginebra as the team's head coach. marcelo played college basketball for san beda red lions, where he played under coach lim. the trade was a part of a 4-team trade that also involved gi...
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mamaril is a shotblock artist and a good
mamaril is a shotblock artist and a good lowpost operator. during his tenure with the purefoods tj hotdogs, the defunct shell turbo chargers, and the coca-cola tigers, he contributed solid numbers and quality minutes. he was also part of one of the most controversial trades in pba history involving rafi reavis, rudy ha...
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51cdda295e197d3814f9ca5d5e8707179f1ecabb
john billy san luis mamaril (born june 25,
john billy san luis mamaril (born june 25, 1980) is a filipino-american former professional basketball player who last played for the san miguel beermen of the philippine basketball association (pba). he plays the forward and center positions. like his father, former pba player and barangay ginebra kings slotman romy "...
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1e83b35b81fb777556347f0f34095239c269445a
frederick clark roberts is an american former basketball
frederick clark roberts is an american former basketball player who played power forward in the national basketball association (nba) for 13 seasons, a career spanning from 1983 to 1997, becoming a successful journeymen in the league. he also played in fc barcelona of the liga acb.
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