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eb9540c1968df9b4f79b0aef1fc8fa3c74331147 | jacob silj is a will ferrell character who | jacob silj is a will ferrell character who suffers from 'voice immodulation syndrome', a disease which makes him unable to control the volume or inflection of his voice. silj begins each segment by attempting to offer serious commentary on a current event, but inevitably gets interrupted by the weekend update anchor, w... | wikipedia |
86849251dec5d9e9e83f65bc6489b6fe9f35a9fa | a jimmy fallon sketch. debuted november 20, 1999. | a jimmy fallon sketch. debuted november 20, 1999. nick burns (fallon) looked like an archetypal nerd (dirty unkempt hair, pagers, pocket protector, etc.) and was an it support guy at a large company. he would nastily mock anyone who asked for his assistance in fixing a problem with their computer. his catchphrases were... | wikipedia |
a40d6818d012d79d6fd80cf0ad35f5b9c37ff84a | a cheri oteri sketch. debuted november 13, 1999. | a cheri oteri sketch. debuted november 13, 1999. nadeen would appear as a service employee of some sort (a hospital admitting nurse, a fast food counter clerk, etc.). her catchphrase was "simmah down now!" however, nadeen was always by far the most wound up and hyper character in the sketch, the one most in need of "si... | wikipedia |
e55de0a6b7653726942610fb15afa682022eb27f | in fiscal 2019, the jr station was used | in fiscal 2019, the jr station was used by an average of 65,328 passengers daily (boarding passengers only). during the same period, the keio portion of the station was used by 98,086 passengers daily (total). | wikipedia |
1c08d8e8a7543f77d644fb4e0fde1030f6407d16 | the jr east station has two island platforms | the jr east station has two island platforms and one side platform. the station building is built above the platforms and tracks, and the station has a " midori no madoguchi " staffed ticket office. the keio station has one elevated island platform, with the station building underneath. interconnecting from platform 5 ... | wikipedia |
27bf0b802886828adf47c068a8fee8547bfbb69c | hashimoto station is served by the yokohama line | hashimoto station is served by the yokohama line and sagami line operated by jr east, as well as the keio sagamihara line. it is 33.8 km (21.0 mi) from higashi-kanagawa, 33.3 km (20.7 mi) from chigasaki, and 38.1 km (23.7 mi) from shinjuku, the termini of these three lines respectively. | wikipedia |
fff711c2f6e450c51b76812663ab263815f0c43c | hashimoto station (橋本駅, hashimoto-eki) is a major interchange | hashimoto station (橋本駅, hashimoto-eki) is a major interchange railway station located in the city of sagamihara, kanagawa, japan and operated by the east japan railway company (jr east) and the private railway operator keio corporation. | wikipedia |
0631be04a249a01864636c2e65d18753db5d6869 | vyacheslav buravchikov is a russian former professional ice | vyacheslav buravchikov is a russian former professional ice hockey defenceman. he played for hc atlant moscow, ak bars kazan and hc cska moscow. he was drafted 191st overall in the 2005 nhl entry draft by the buffalo sabres of the national hockey league (nhl). on december 24, 2010, he was traded to hc cska moscow for d... | wikipedia |
b7f8cfdadad02b380e2bbd4583a2e9967026f068 | on december 24, 2010, he was traded to | on december 24, 2010, he was traded to hc cska moscow for defenceman konstantin korneyev and a financial compensation. in 2013, buravchikov took time out from hockey because of a heart problem. | wikipedia |
8dd12ebfe8b94af5b689a87da4e08d9208cab4af | vyacheslav buravchikov (born may 22, 1987) is a | vyacheslav buravchikov (born may 22, 1987) is a russian former professional ice hockey defenceman. he played for hc atlant moscow, ak bars kazan and hc cska moscow. he was drafted 191st overall in the 2005 nhl entry draft by the buffalo sabres of the national hockey league (nhl). | wikipedia |
b1e683db9ef04a5c837452c1dcdf2ff73d583573 | pavol skalický is a slovak professional ice hockey | pavol skalický is a slovak professional ice hockey player. he is currently playing for hc tps in the finnish liiga. skalicky made his swedish hockey league debut playing with Örebro hk during the 2014–15 shl season. after three seasons in the kontinental hockey league with slovak club, hc slovan bratislava, skalicky le... | wikipedia |
d7115deec2cdd59988afe9d78f0ca27cdd4b3426 | skalicky made his swedish hockey league debut playing | skalicky made his swedish hockey league debut playing with Örebro hk during the 2014–15 shl season. after three seasons in the kontinental hockey league with slovak club, hc slovan bratislava, skalicky left as a free agent in securing a one-year contract with czech top tier club, bk mladá boleslav, of the elh on may 1,... | wikipedia |
4c2971293be532f05055a8cd32a94cc0bc706601 | gene wiley is an american former national basketball | gene wiley is an american former national basketball association (nba) player for the los angeles lakers. he attended carver high school in amarillo, texas and wichita state university. he was drafted in 1962 with the eighth pick in the second round by the los angeles lakers. | wikipedia |
a1be01b4253d5b26a8b4b9edda27d1e3a4127996 | wiley played four seasons in the nba, with | wiley played four seasons in the nba, with the lakers. he averaged 4.2 points per game and 7.2 rebounds per game. in 1967, wiley returned to professional basketball to play in the aba. in one aba season, he played for the oakland oaks and the dallas chaparrals. his aba statistics were 2.0 points per game and 2.2 reboun... | wikipedia |
1d6dd255d5dbeccdceefdabe368b72bd63da2ca8 | gene wiley (born november 12, 1937) is an | gene wiley (born november 12, 1937) is an american former national basketball association (nba) player for the los angeles lakers. he attended carver high school in amarillo, texas and wichita state university. he was drafted in 1962 with the eighth pick in the second round by the los angeles lakers. | wikipedia |
96a80c53d0cc08f8f90b7f301a1bacd4432e9268 | kevin friend is a former professional football referee | kevin friend is a former professional football referee based in leicester. he is a member of the leicestershire and rutland county football association. his most notable appointments have been to referee the 2012 community shield, played at villa park, the 2013 league cup final which was held at wembley stadium, and th... | wikipedia |
6e449107b204506985fa72735eb90c336d8c49ae | swansea won the final 5–0. an incident early | swansea won the final 5–0. an incident early in the second-half, when the premier league side were already 3–0 up, saw friend adjudge bradford goalkeeper matt duke to have committed a professional foul. the official dismissed duke and awarded swansea a penalty kick, which was converted by jonathan de guzmán; he also sc... | wikipedia |
94b6a6885aeda5ea46bbe7cd1fef403ecd1b3655 | chelsea were defeated 3–2 by manchester city. branislav | chelsea were defeated 3–2 by manchester city. branislav ivanović was sent off for the blues for a high challenge towards the end of the first half. ivanović did not serve any subsequent suspension, however, after fa rule changes regarding pre-season fixtures. | wikipedia |
ebef03d8a295c80dbd85d56ba3f088be61692284 | on 3 july 2012, it was announced that | on 3 july 2012, it was announced that friend would referee the 2012 fa community shield, played on 12 august at villa park. his assistants were michael mcdonough and richard west, and anthony taylor was the fourth official. | wikipedia |
3b1ff9a1c851f338ce8024581cfa00f1707d6a6d | friend started refereeing at the age of 14 | friend started refereeing at the age of 14 in his home county of leicestershire. he officiated in the leicestershire senior league and midland football alliance before being promoted to the national list of referees, and later to the select group of referees ahead of the 2009–10 season. his first premier league fixture... | wikipedia |
c07e97fbe7de2387b72ca65b7fea60bbc4abe601 | his most notable appointments have been to referee | his most notable appointments have been to referee the 2012 community shield, played at villa park, the 2013 league cup final which was held at wembley stadium, and the 2019 fa cup final which was also held at wembley. | wikipedia |
8c26abc0506c132a2c24647211d64793802f4c65 | mambo is a genre of cuban dance music | mambo is a genre of cuban dance music pioneered by the charanga arcaño y sus maravillas in the late 1930s and later popularized in the big band style by pérez prado. it originated as a syncopated form of the danzón, known as danzón-mambo, with a final, improvised section, which incorporated the guajeos typical of son c... | wikipedia |
de7ac0898128f37306b9d4cb183df28953078494 | some of new york's biggest mambo dancers and | some of new york's biggest mambo dancers and bands of the 1950s included: augie & margo, michael terrace & elita, carmen cruz & gene ortiz, larry selon & vera rodríguez, mambo aces(anibal vasquez and samson batalla), cha cha taps (carlos arroyo and mike ramos), killer joe piro, paulito and lilon, louie maquina, pedro a... | wikipedia |
448c4ac2a6754a09830c2f79fceaaae3e0eb662f | mambo arrived in 1947 and mambo music and | mambo arrived in 1947 and mambo music and dance became popular soon after. recording companies began to use mambo to label their records and advertisements for mambo dance lessons were in local newspapers. new york city had made mambo a transnational popular cultural phenomenon. in new york the mambo was played in a hi... | wikipedia |
55739e2c092f8c9b4d6b654d4f85d16ad638b6d3 | cuban singer beny moré also lived in mexico | cuban singer beny moré also lived in mexico between 1945 and 1952. he composed and recorded some mambos there with mexican orchestras, especially the one led by rafael de paz; they recorded "yiri yiri bon", "la culebra", "mata siguaraya", " solamente una vez " and "bonito y sabroso". benny and perez prado recorded 28 m... | wikipedia |
db337c29dc343277a589939616c1b42574802922 | prado's recordings were meant for the latin american | prado's recordings were meant for the latin american and u.s. latino markets, but some of his most celebrated mambos, such as "mambo no. 5" and "que rico el mambo", quickly crossed over to a wider u.s. audience. | wikipedia |
c7d3fe375f321433e4d9bb20767d84c9be9bba15 | because his music was aimed at an audience | because his music was aimed at an audience that lived primarily outside cuba, pérez prado used a large number of international influences, especially north-american, in his arrangements. this is evident in his arrangements of songs such as "mambo rock", "patricia" and "tequila", where he uses a triple meter u.s. "swing... | wikipedia |
9a83542069a304c680c8706e6b8d3d614aebfaa7 | perez prado's style differed from the previous mambo | perez prado's style differed from the previous mambo concept. the new style possessed a greater influence from north-american jazz, and an expanded instrumentation consisting of four to five trumpets, four to five saxophones, double bass, drums, maracas, cowbell, congas and bongoes. this new mambo included a catchy cou... | wikipedia |
1fde68bb1ce53529e03ec2f7bcc0a7943abff25f | dámaso pérez prado, a pianist and arranger from | dámaso pérez prado, a pianist and arranger from matanzas, cuba, established his residence in havana at the beginning of the 1940s and began to work at night clubs and orchestras, such as paulina alvarez's and casino de la playa. in 1949 he traveled to mexico looking for job opportunities and achieved great success with... | wikipedia |
f1ece1433f1b8f7d0ed9505fed3014e643527f93 | antonio arcaño described the mambo as follows: "mambo | antonio arcaño described the mambo as follows: "mambo is a type of syncopated montuno that possesses the rhythmic charm, informality and eloquence of the cuban people. the pianist attacks the mambo, the flute picks it up and improvises, the violin executes rhythmic chords in double stops, the double bass inserts a tumb... | wikipedia |
b607f9ae3d7503b5eb216f810824717a0ad6f7c2 | orestes lópez and his brother israel lópez "cachao", | orestes lópez and his brother israel lópez "cachao", main composers of the maravillas, were the first to denominate a final upbeat, improvised section of the popular cuban danzón as a mambo. this innovation was a key step in the process of evolution of the danzón, which over the years had progressively lost its structu... | wikipedia |
880a821ddfb067ac7008baef8d961f4832636931 | the earliest roots of mambo can be traced | the earliest roots of mambo can be traced to the danzón de nuevo ritmo (danzón with a new rhythm), later known as danzón-mambo, made popular by the orchestra arcaño y sus maravillas conducted by flautist antonio arcaño. | wikipedia |
b7c33b2ce975b67063504c1e4420898d0612dbd2 | mambo is a genre of cuban dance music | mambo is a genre of cuban dance music pioneered by the charanga arcaño y sus maravillas in the late 1930s and later popularized in the big band style by pérez prado. it originated as a syncopated form of the danzón, known as danzón-mambo, with a final, improvised section, which incorporated the guajeos typical of son c... | wikipedia |
b1cf61991eff49b77f0f10f1390b52d368507417 | a fracton is an emergent topological quasiparticle excitation | a fracton is an emergent topological quasiparticle excitation which is immobile when in isolation. many theoretical systems have been proposed in which fractons exist as elementary excitations. such systems are known as fracton models. fractons have been identified in various css codes as well as in symmetric tensor ga... | wikipedia |
1963722bf29b5e1a8645b44b4568d01ef795c2e1 | fractons were originally studied as an analytically tractable | fractons were originally studied as an analytically tractable realization of quantum glassiness where the immobility of isolated fractons results in a slow relaxation rate. this immobility has also been shown to be capable of producing a partially self-correcting quantum memory, which could be useful for making an anal... | wikipedia |
1d0033ea3281d23d6215018f4b765f4d8314756a | in this theory, the fractonic charge is a | in this theory, the fractonic charge is a vector quantity ρ → {\displaystyle {\vec {\rho }}}. the symmetric tensor gauge field transforms under gauge transformations α → {\displaystyle {\vec {\alpha }}} as a i j → a i j + ∂ i α j + ∂ j α i {\displaystyle a_{ij}\to a_{ij}+\partial _{i}\alpha _{j}+\partial _{j}\alpha _{i... | wikipedia |
9fca8bf64c67294781223a8ffb6233b4cfbd2542 | now when gauging this symmetry, the kinetic expression | now when gauging this symmetry, the kinetic expression Φ ∂ i ∂ j Φ − ∂ i Φ ∂ j Φ {\displaystyle \phi \partial _{i}\partial _{j}\phi -\partial _{i}\phi \partial _{j}\phi } gets replaced with Φ ∂ i ∂ j Φ − ∂ i Φ ∂ j Φ − i a i j Φ 2 {\displaystyle \phi \partial _{i}\partial _{j}\phi -\partial _{i}\phi \partial _{j}\phi -i... | wikipedia |
5ec73143d0ad408d9f60e43a5a6d8604384c1b08 | one approach to constructing an explicit action for | one approach to constructing an explicit action for scalar fractonic matter fields and their coupling to the symmetric tensor gauge theory is the following. suppose the scalar fractonic matter field is Φ {\displaystyle \phi }. a global charge conservation symmetry would imply that the action is symmetric under the tran... | wikipedia |
d8c076326b44c8935ca7469eb54d1e0e5f4ee322 | when integrating by parts, we have assumed that | when integrating by parts, we have assumed that there is no electric field at spatial infinity.since the total fracton charge and dipole moment is zero under this assumption, this implies that the charge and dipole moment is conserved.because moving an isolated charge changes the total dipole moment, this implies that ... | wikipedia |
0d6dc44b584df3940c6bb1f4fa37d70fe73472ee | for example, in the u(1) scalar charge model, | for example, in the u(1) scalar charge model, the fracton charge density (ρ {\displaystyle \rho }) is related to a symmetric electric field tensor (e i j {\displaystyle e_{ij}}, a theoretical generalization of the usual electric vector field) via ρ = ∂ i ∂ j e i j {\displaystyle \rho =\partial _{i}\partial _{j}e_{ij}},... | wikipedia |
3de6cdf9aa17726b1a267be5f9713edf6185a98d | the immobility of fractons in symmetric tensor gauge | the immobility of fractons in symmetric tensor gauge theory can be understood as a generalization of electric charge conservation resulting from a modified gauss's law. various formulations and constraints of symmetric tensor gauge theory tend to result in conservation laws that imply the existence of restricted-mobili... | wikipedia |
ed7eea2186da44b81a082c74ba70fc0565b37b6d | it is possible to use a mutual information | it is possible to use a mutual information calculation to extract a contribution to entanglement entropy that is unique to the foliated fracton order. effectively, this is done by adding and subtracting entanglement entropies of different regions in such a way as to get rid of local contributions as well as contributio... | wikipedia |
64940f04fe28ca9bba9758fcc5528877fd1802e2 | since foliated fracton order is invariant even when | since foliated fracton order is invariant even when disentangling such 2d gapped layers, an entanglement signature of a foliated fracton order must be able to ignore of the entropy contributions both from local details and from 2d topologically ordered layers. | wikipedia |
f9e9747c27b74aaf45a5d263b98af6f95bf569ef | generally for fracton models in the ground state, | generally for fracton models in the ground state, when considering the entanglement entropy of a subregion of space with large linear size r {\displaystyle r}, the leading order contribution to the entropy is proportional to r 2 {\displaystyle r^{2}}, as expected for a gapped three dimensional system obeying an area la... | wikipedia |
9c2c3df10ec9d76a4c6870b85bf6b5812a7a42e9 | however, a loosening of the concept of superselection | however, a loosening of the concept of superselection sector, known as the quotient superselection sector, effectively ignores two-dimensional particles (e.g. planeon bound states) which are presumed to come from two-dimensional foliating layers. foliated fracton models then tend to have a finite list of quotient super... | wikipedia |
0fee157fa4d7a81ff9ad23b2e8e0fd013c9ea25d | by definition, the number of superselection sectors in | by definition, the number of superselection sectors in a fracton model is infinite (i.e. scales with system size). for example, each individual fracton belongs to its own superselection sector, as there is no local operator that can transform it to any other fracton at a different position. | wikipedia |
efabdff67c461c5ba44b40a420c7a2b2cb1efa95 | conventional topological orders often exhibit ground state degeneracy | conventional topological orders often exhibit ground state degeneracy which is dependent only on the topology of the manifold on which the system is embedded. fracton models do not have this property, because the ground state degeneracy also depends on system size. furthermore, in foliated fracton models the ground sta... | wikipedia |
ae8b3750634125705eb579018347e2affc8786de | explicit local unitary maps have been constructed that | explicit local unitary maps have been constructed that demonstrate the equivalence of the x cube model with various other models, such as the majorana checkerboard model and the semionic x cube model. the checkerboard model belongs to the same foliated fracton order as two copies of the x cube model. | wikipedia |
d0ee251f3738253b132334decfab3195f3cecdb3 | many of the known type i fracton model | many of the known type i fracton model are in fact in the same foliated fracton order as the x cube model, or in the same foliated fracton order as multiple copies of the x cube model. however, not all are. a notable known example of a distinct foliated fracton order is the twisted foliated fracton model. | wikipedia |
5c61f7c01006144342ed91c16515495898477e7b | more conventional notions of phase equivalence fail to | more conventional notions of phase equivalence fail to give sensible results when directly applied to fracton models, because they are based on the notion that two models in the same phase should have the same topological ground state degeneracy. since the ground state degeneracy of fracton models scales with system si... | wikipedia |
da64358778a1ec8e00102eb31ee10e1f1b9c5342 | it is important in this definition that the | it is important in this definition that the local unitary map remains at finite depth as the sizes of systems 1 and 2 are taken to the thermodynamic limit. however, the number of gapped systems being added or removed can be infinite. the fact that two-dimensional topologically ordered gapped systems can be freely added... | wikipedia |
8217c5fe4ebb7a61fc6a911f093dfc2e3f25d0a0 | foliated fracton order establishes an equivalence relation between | foliated fracton order establishes an equivalence relation between two systems, system a {\displaystyle a} and system b {\displaystyle b}, with hamiltonians h a {\displaystyle h_{a}} and h b {\displaystyle h_{b}}. if one can transform the ground state of h a {\displaystyle h_{a}} to the ground state of h b {\displaysty... | wikipedia |
404e2da2df0d51690b00b9948d924762a1a7c359 | unlike in type i models, there are no | unlike in type i models, there are no stable bound states of a finite number of fractons that are mobile. the only mobile bound states are those such as the completely mobile four-fracton states like μ v x | g s ⟩ {\displaystyle \mu _{v}^{x}|\mathrm {gs} \rangle } that are unstable (i.e. can transform into the ground s... | wikipedia |
507552e2eb5930f1948ca55e7e0aabb64c7f6a23 | features four fractons, one each at a cube | features four fractons, one each at a cube adjacent to a corner vertex of the sierpinski tetrahedron. thus we see that an infinitely large fractal-shaped operator is required to generate an isolated fracton out of the ground state in the haah's code model. the fractal-shaped operator in haah's code plays an analogous r... | wikipedia |
99050e97e5a98991ed858676f1e207ae44c5bd32 | in an attempt to isolate just one of | in an attempt to isolate just one of these four fractons, one may try to apply additional μ v ′ x | g s ⟩ {\displaystyle \mu _{v'}^{x}|\mathrm {gs} \rangle } spin flips at different nearby vertices to try annihilate the three other fractons. doing so simply results in three new fractons appearing further away. motivate... | wikipedia |
6733b076f181490c01cb215a53e5220dcde7561d | if | g s ⟩ {\displaystyle |\mathrm {gs} | if | g s ⟩ {\displaystyle |\mathrm {gs} \rangle } is a ground state of the hamiltonian, then for any vertex v {\displaystyle v}, the state μ v x | g s ⟩ {\displaystyle \mu _{v}^{x}|\mathrm {gs} \rangle } features four fractons in a tetrahedral arrangement, occupying four of the eight cubes adjacent to vertex v {\displa... | wikipedia |
a5caefdb620c1963b01b673aa9b304f74fb81227 | haah's code also features immobile elementary excitations called | haah's code also features immobile elementary excitations called fractons. a quantum state is said to have a fracton located at a cube c {\displaystyle c} if the eigenvalue of a c {\displaystyle a_{c}} is − 1 {\displaystyle -1} for this quantum state (an excitation of the b c {\displaystyle b_{c}} operator is also a fr... | wikipedia |
dbd72513147bf462bd6d9405ab6fb5cd5e11a527 | thus the haah's code fracton model also in | thus the haah's code fracton model also in some sense exhibits the property that the logarithm of the ground state degeneracy tends to scale in direct proportion to the linear dimension of the system. this appears to be a general property of gapped fracton models. just like in type i models and in topologically ordered... | wikipedia |
ef5609b35f73f44f96fbc56ece58df981d5f59bc | here, gcd denotes the greatest common divisor of | here, gcd denotes the greatest common divisor of the three polynomials shown, and deg refers to the degree of this common divisor. the coefficients of the polynomials belong to the finite field f 4 {\displaystyle \mathbb {f} _{4}}, consisting of the four elements { 0, 1, ω, ω 2 } {\displaystyle \lbrace 0,1,\omega,\omeg... | wikipedia |
b51db0eafdb55f8e084209ad61b4c2055732a4e0 | here, for any unit cube c {\displaystyle c} | here, for any unit cube c {\displaystyle c} whose eight vertices are labeled as p {\displaystyle p}, q 1 = p + (1, 0, 0) {\displaystyle q_{1}=p+(1,0,0)}, q 2 = p + (0, 1, 0) {\displaystyle q_{2}=p+(0,1,0)}, q 3 = p + (0, 0, 1) {\displaystyle q_{3}=p+(0,0,1)}, r 1 = p + (0, 1, 1) {\displaystyle r_{1}=p+(0,1,1)}, r 2 = p... | wikipedia |
019e6ee39915eabbd8acbd434ee3d6c8254c3de0 | haah's code is defined on a cubic lattice | haah's code is defined on a cubic lattice with two qubits on each vertex. we can refer to these qubits using pauli matrices σ → v {\displaystyle {\vec {\sigma }}_{v}} and μ → v {\displaystyle {\vec {\mu }}_{v}}, each acting on a separate qubit. the hamiltonian is | wikipedia |
069ccc388481d0d35af2e32876870eb2b3a6a85f | this model is also exactly solvable with commuting | this model is also exactly solvable with commuting terms. the topological ground state degeneracy on a torus is given by log 2 g s d = 4 l x + 4 l y + 4 l z − 6 {\displaystyle \log _{2}\mathrm {gsd} =4l_{x}+4l_{y}+4l_{z}-6} for lattice of size 2 l x, 2 l y, 2 l z {\displaystyle 2l_{x},2l_{y},2l_{z}} (as a rule the dime... | wikipedia |
6dbb5a414ce0255cfc6d789d14339c9efe018a11 | this model also lives on a cubic lattice, | this model also lives on a cubic lattice, but with one qubit on each vertex. first, one colours the cubic unit cells with the colours a {\displaystyle a} and b {\displaystyle b} in a checkerboard pattern, i.e. such that no two adjacent cubic cells are the same colour. then the hamiltonian is | wikipedia |
a67555439974df1cbf02b1778cf33530c00f72a5 | it is possible to construct the x cube | it is possible to construct the x cube model by taking three stacks of toric code sheets, on along each of the three axes, superimposing them, and adding couplings to the edges where they intersect. this construction explains some of the connections that can be seen between the toric code topological order and the x cu... | wikipedia |
4ff4dcb7126ec7d60fe82f1cdd0718ff4709c305 | for example, suppose a lineon (either an x | for example, suppose a lineon (either an x {\displaystyle x} lineon or a y {\displaystyle y} lineon) is located in the x y {\displaystyle xy} plane, and there is also a planeon that can move in the x y {\displaystyle xy} plane. then we can move the planeon in a full rotation that happens to encompass the position of th... | wikipedia |
2d4a93214d3c47f25058dea276352a707bbda780 | it is possible to remotely detect the presence | it is possible to remotely detect the presence of an isolated elementary excitation in a region by moving the opposite type of elementary excitation around it. here, as usual, "moving" refers to the repeated action of local unitary operators that translate the particles. this process is known as interferometry. it can ... | wikipedia |
65df92ac7ca358032d80f24197f6a68cdf47fb00 | it is also possible to make bound states | it is also possible to make bound states of these elementary excitations that have higher mobility. for example, consider the bound state of two fractons with the same x {\displaystyle x} and y {\displaystyle y} coordinates separated by a finite distance w {\displaystyle w} along the z {\displaystyle z} axis. this boun... | wikipedia |
4533add51174226b12062d47ac720e3e8c9309ac | an x, y {\displaystyle x,y} and z {\displaystyle | an x, y {\displaystyle x,y} and z {\displaystyle z} lineon can all fuse into the vacuum, if the lines on which each of them move concur. that is, there is a sequence of local operators that can make this fusion happen. the opposite process can also happen. for a similar reason, an isolated lineon can change direction o... | wikipedia |
cb379c8250fb7b4cc595ced9fdcbf0620c74a43b | if a quantum state is such that the | if a quantum state is such that the eigenvalue of b v, x = b v, y = − 1 {\displaystyle b_{v,x}=b_{v,y}=-1} for some vertex v {\displaystyle v}, then we say that, in this quantum state, there is a lineon located at the position v {\displaystyle v} that is mobile in the z {\displaystyle z} direction. a similar definition... | wikipedia |
d305102ab28c5b4c1bca7da22425dcbca3a11f96 | this construction shows that an isolated fracton cannot | this construction shows that an isolated fracton cannot be mobile in any direction. in other words, there is no local operator that can be acted on an isolated fracton to move it to a different location. in order to move an individual isolated fracton, one would need to apply a highly nonlocal operator to move the enti... | wikipedia |
9a023cec8cc878280c4a9dde5c5b3b98f5e15e0e | given a rectangle r {\displaystyle r} in a | given a rectangle r {\displaystyle r} in a plane, one can define a "membrane" operator as z r ≡ ∏ ℓ ∈ r z ℓ {\displaystyle z_{r}\equiv \prod _{\ell \in r}z_{\ell }} where the product runs over all edges ℓ {\displaystyle \ell } perpendicular to the rectangle that pass through this rectangle. then the state z r | g s ⟩ {... | wikipedia |
3973e6c3b81a41050f404bdcf8df86bc1e4e1398 | if a quantum state is such that the | if a quantum state is such that the eigenvalue of a c = − 1 {\displaystyle a_{c}=-1} for some unit cube c {\displaystyle c}, then we say that, in this quantum state, there is a fracton located at the position c {\displaystyle c}. for example, if | g s ⟩ {\displaystyle |\mathrm {gs} \rangle } is a ground state of the ha... | wikipedia |
9d682e5e9557b3b9a6be284e808bff4ff14e3c3f | the constraints posed by a c = 1 | the constraints posed by a c = 1 {\displaystyle a_{c}=1} and b v, μ = 1 {\displaystyle b_{v,\mu }=1} are not all linearly independent when the x cube model is embedded on a compact manifold. this leads to a large ground state degeneracy that increases with system size. on a torus with dimensions l x, l y, l z {\display... | wikipedia |
556e0fac65e248bc7741a0507eaf81b78a6fec1c | all of the terms in this hamiltonian commute | all of the terms in this hamiltonian commute and belong to the pauli algebra. this makes the hamiltonian exactly solvable. one can simultaneously diagonalise all the terms in the hamiltonian, and the simultaneous eigenstates are the hamiltonian's energy eigenstates. a ground state of this hamiltonian is a state | g s ⟩... | wikipedia |
32073de11e4000d0f84b707f67827ccd4f98921d | in addition to obeying an overall z 2 | in addition to obeying an overall z 2 × z 2 {\displaystyle z_{2}\times z_{2}} symmetry defined by global symmetry generators ∏ ℓ x ℓ {\displaystyle \prod _{\ell }x_{\ell }} and ∏ ℓ z ℓ {\displaystyle \prod _{\ell }z_{\ell }} where the product runs over all edges in the lattice, this hamiltonian obeys subsystem symmetri... | wikipedia |
b1bd983dce4cc2413fb40397feaf9d4ccd0fb7ca | here, the sums run over cubic unit cells | here, the sums run over cubic unit cells and over vertices. for any cubic unit cell c {\displaystyle c}, the operator a c {\displaystyle a_{c}} is equal to the product of the pauli x {\displaystyle x} operator on all 12 edges of that unit cube. for any vertex of the lattice v {\displaystyle v}, operator b v, μ {\displa... | wikipedia |
a732354c9a05e2cae4f568705aff26418e4e8563 | the paradigmatic example of a type i fracton | the paradigmatic example of a type i fracton model is the x-cube model. other examples of type i fracton models include the semionic x-cube model, the checkerboard model, the majorana checkerboard model, the stacked kagome x-cube model, the hyperkagome x-cube model, and more. | wikipedia |
7f0bc975c0d80e657c895300020f93c9bb3b98b0 | gapped fracton models often feature a topological ground | gapped fracton models often feature a topological ground state degeneracy that grows exponentially and sub-extensively with system size. among the gapped phases of fracton models, there is a non-rigorous phenomenological classification into "type i" and "type ii". type i fracton models generally have fracton excitation... | wikipedia |
0135410ee7c94318ef26fb8c6d1b2bbf2169091d | a fracton is an emergent topological quasiparticle excitation | a fracton is an emergent topological quasiparticle excitation which is immobile when in isolation. many theoretical systems have been proposed in which fractons exist as elementary excitations. such systems are known as fracton models. fractons have been identified in various css codes as well as in symmetric tensor ga... | wikipedia |
4f8a2774e7305517aac4ad66ef2a51ad7f7792fa | internet in portugal reached an 88% household penetration | internet in portugal reached an 88% household penetration rate in 2022, with notably higher access rates in households with children. among individuals aged 16 to 74, mobile internet use is prevalent, at 81.8%, primarily for communication and information access. | wikipedia |
e17c9153a568d6f08545b640268cacaac6387893 | in july 2015 the ministry of culture announced | in july 2015 the ministry of culture announced the signed a memorandum between its own general inspection of cultural activities (igac), the portuguese association of telecommunication operators (apritel), various rightsholder groups, the body responsible for administering portugal’s.pt domain and representatives from ... | wikipedia |
3e156222426792aab18a863bce527954398af9bf | as of march 2015, portuguese isps have been | as of march 2015, portuguese isps have been ordered to block the pirate bay and many of its proxies by a court order, following the european trend, after a lawsuit brought by the association for copyright management, producers and publishers (gedipe). this is the first time ever a website is blocked by isps in portugal... | wikipedia |
0d191fc9d18315bd50c34696a2f7e65180568558 | the website tugaleaks, which since december 2010 aims | the website tugaleaks, which since december 2010 aims to serve as portugal's version of wikileaks, had its bank account for donations arbitrarily closed on 13 july 2012 with no official communication. tugaleaks contributors were finally told the account had been closed for its involvement in money laundering and terror... | wikipedia |
75aea1c37a19cfe5fa28ead162d9000aafec4543 | internet access in portugal is not restricted. there | internet access in portugal is not restricted. there are neither government restrictions on access to the internet nor reports that the government monitors e-mail or internet chat rooms without appropriate legal authority. the constitution and law provide for freedom of speech and press, and the government generally re... | wikipedia |
aabd909d7c1e85922682bdfd749bb9524aecbba4 | adsl service has been available in portugal since | adsl service has been available in portugal since 2000, however it was not until 2002 that the service started to see wide acceptance from the general public, mainly due to increased competition from service providers, which helped to level prices. market penetration in portugal is around 50% although portugal has the ... | wikipedia |
8e918f34794535a9bfffb470e170d6239d289694 | portugal's transition to a digital-first government is supported | portugal's transition to a digital-first government is supported by key initiatives such as the digital transformation strategy for public administration (sdtpa) and the recovery and resilience plan (rrp), which are aimed at digitizing public administration. currently, over 95% of essential public services are availabl... | wikipedia |
a3ef256d0f0564c14d20e3138b173a92e8a7a2a2 | in the 2022 desi report, portugal is recognized | in the 2022 desi report, portugal is recognized for its developments in digital public services, ranking 14th among eu countries. the country experienced growth in e-government users, increasing from 54% in 2019 to 59% in 2021, yet it remains slightly below the eu average of 65%. in the domain of open data, portugal ac... | wikipedia |
a0676a71ca0c5db99eb43b3f4a6d0b9f78956f78 | mobile broadband usage among individuals in portugal increased | mobile broadband usage among individuals in portugal increased to 82% in 2021, up from 72% in 2018, yet it slightly trails the eu average uptake of 87%. despite this progress, portugal's advancement in 5g deployment was notably absent in 2021, with 0% coverage, while other eu member countries were significantly ahead, ... | wikipedia |
c37d2de0a1d5251b4ae8d6d18f175a3193ec340c | the fixed broadband market is predominantly controlled by | the fixed broadband market is predominantly controlled by three major integrated operators: altice -meo (40.8%), nos (36%), and vodafone (19.8%), collectively holding 96.6% of the market share as of the third quarter of 2021. bundled packages are the preferred choice for most fixed broadband services, with multiple-pla... | wikipedia |
6af1e76c3ff02e6ae2fb7f443fab933b5d9a06cd | in the 2022 digital economy and society index | in the 2022 digital economy and society index (desi) report, portugal is ranked 18th in connectivity among the 27 european union (eu) member countries. this positioning highlights the country's progress and challenges in broadband uptake within the eu context. the report reveals an increase in overall fixed broadband a... | wikipedia |
4f8a2774e7305517aac4ad66ef2a51ad7f7792fa | internet in portugal reached an 88% household penetration | internet in portugal reached an 88% household penetration rate in 2022, with notably higher access rates in households with children. among individuals aged 16 to 74, mobile internet use is prevalent, at 81.8%, primarily for communication and information access. | wikipedia |
e50503b1593a01f359e7db9d22da76a0caae674d | this article displays the squads for the 2019 | this article displays the squads for the 2019 world women's handball championship. each team consisted of up to 28 players, of whom 16 may be fielded for each match. age, club, caps and goals as of 30 november 2019. | wikipedia |
f8e67c821a34430dbff091b12d4bdfbd2fdea49f | an 18-player squad was announced on 22 october | an 18-player squad was announced on 22 october 2019. on 5 november 2019, kristin thorleifsdóttir replaced sabina jacobsen in the squad due to a knee injury. on 30 november, jessica ryde and kristin thorleifsdóttir were cut from the squad. | wikipedia |
c50c6664d32a736c92c6d649f492fb5f97669f7d | a 20-player squad was announced on 17 november | a 20-player squad was announced on 17 november 2019. a 17-player squad was revealed on 19 november 2019. the same day, the squad was reduced to 16 players, as it was announced that ivona pavićević would not participate, due to doping investigations. | wikipedia |
b05c98956518c6853f6e830cf3ffe3ff1232273a | in mathematics, a caccioppoli set is a set | in mathematics, a caccioppoli set is a set whose boundary is measurable and has a finite measure. a synonym is set of (locally) finite perimeter. basically, a set is a caccioppoli set if its characteristic function is a function of bounded variation. | wikipedia |
08c810dd1ca05cf8051618243902b95736c28f72 | this is one version of the divergence theorem | this is one version of the divergence theorem for domains with non smooth boundary. de giorgi's theorem can be used to formulate the same identity in terms of the reduced boundary ∂ ∗ e {\displaystyle \partial ^{*}e} and the approximate inward pointing unit normal vector ν e {\displaystyle \nu _{e}}. precisely, the fol... | wikipedia |
b4279105a3d38d9d751f17f2b82c07691c359a47 | in other words, up to h n − | in other words, up to h n − 1 {\displaystyle {\mathcal {h}}^{n-1}} -measure zero the reduced boundary ∂ ∗ e {\displaystyle \partial ^{*}e} is the smallest set on which d χ e {\displaystyle d\chi _{e}} is supported. | wikipedia |
0255f8e8450227421caef86976472ab5d16465cc | locally in l 1 {\displaystyle l^{1}}, so it | locally in l 1 {\displaystyle l^{1}}, so it is interpreted as an approximate inward pointing unit normal vector to the reduced boundary ∂ ∗ e {\displaystyle \partial ^{*}e}. finally, ∂ ∗ e {\displaystyle \partial ^{*}e} is (n-1)- rectifiable and the restriction of (n-1)-dimensional hausdorff measure h n − 1 {\displayst... | wikipedia |
4ab9e20a585464c53e7682164c8027cfa76578f8 | for every continuous, compactly supported f: r n | for every continuous, compactly supported f: r n → r {\displaystyle f:\mathbb {r} ^{n}\to \mathbb {r} }. in fact the subspace t x {\displaystyle t_{x}} is the orthogonal complement of the unit vector | wikipedia |
2f1c3134542cb525ae43fa89ad1a45c0364f809b | theorem. suppose e ⊂ r n {\displaystyle e\subset | theorem. suppose e ⊂ r n {\displaystyle e\subset \mathbb {r} ^{n}} is a caccioppoli set. then at each point x {\displaystyle x} of the reduced boundary ∂ ∗ e {\displaystyle \partial ^{*}e} there exists a multiplicity one approximate tangent space t x {\displaystyle t_{x}} of | d χ e | {\displaystyle |d\chi _{e}|}, i.e.... | wikipedia |
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