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id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
c0a08e5213702d5d32d8577cf122cb0a338bd040	for many years it was assumed that hek	for many years it was assumed that hek 293 cells were generated by transformation of either a fibroblastic, endothelial or epithelial cell, all of which are abundant in kidneys. however, the original adenovirus transformation was inefficient, suggesting that the cell that finally produced the hek 293 line may have been...	wikipedia
3480349ccde74264873a398dbfbd94e30189a928	hek 293 cells were generated in 1973 by	hek 293 cells were generated in 1973 by transfection of cultures of normal human embryonic kidney cells with sheared adenovirus 5 dna in alex van der eb 's laboratory in leiden, the netherlands. the cells were obtained from a single, aborted or miscarried fetus, the precise origin of which is unclear. the cells were cu...	wikipedia
f1e9d87545212013f876fdae1cb3c5b15cbd724c	the hek 293 cell line has been widely	the hek 293 cell line has been widely used in research for decades due to its reliable and fast growth and propensity for transfection. the cell line is used by the biotechnology industry to produce therapeutic proteins and viruses for gene therapy as well as safety testing for a vast array of chemicals.	wikipedia
4d4a7900435e9c4e8a2630c725e0f908d55f2876	human embryonic kidney 293 cells, also often referred	human embryonic kidney 293 cells, also often referred to as hek 293, hek-293, 293 cells, are an immortalised cell line derived from hek cells isolated from a female fetus in the 1970s.	wikipedia
0c9f27e2dbbcfefea72507e0e20856f07f30316c	in enzymology, a 2-coumarate o-beta-glucosyltransferase is an enzyme	in enzymology, a 2-coumarate o-beta-glucosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are udp-glucose and trans-2-hydroxycinnamate, whereas its two products are udp and trans-beta-d-glucosyl-2-hydroxycinnamate. this enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltran...	wikipedia
cd03e4c3ac6ab70cf4731960497f999d631f153e	this enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases,	this enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases. the systematic name of this enzyme class is udp-glucose:trans-2-hydroxycinnamate o-beta-d-glucosyltransferase. other names in common use include uridine diphosphoglucose-o-coumarate glucosyltransferase, and udpg:o-coumaric ...	wikipedia
b976f7718a3bd4d9410463edf3b634201eea28a4	kelly hrudey is a canadian former ice hockey	kelly hrudey is a canadian former ice hockey goaltender. he is a current hockey broadcaster with sportsnet as a studio analyst for hockey night in canada and colour commentator for calgary flames regional broadcasts. during his playing career, hrudey played in the national hockey league for the new york islanders, los ...	wikipedia
8052487ebf4b8856b149ec76ac008eef0afffe7b	hrudey lives with his wife donna and their	hrudey lives with his wife donna and their three daughters in alberta. hrudey does advocacy work in the field of mental health, inspired in part by his daughter's struggles with anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder. he received an honorary degree from mount royal university on november 3, 2017 for his mental healt...	wikipedia
10bd4fb325e152828d8b47fa45721915b2a20236	with rogers media, the parent company of sportsnet,	with rogers media, the parent company of sportsnet, gaining the sole national rights to the nhl beginning in the 2014-15 season, in august 2014, hrudey joined sportsnet full time to participate in their hockey coverage. in addition to his hnic role (which remains on cbc as part of a four year sub-licensing deal), he al...	wikipedia
a7de22a2f676b418ddcd0ec4afde5222e73af0b7	during the latter years of his playing career,	during the latter years of his playing career, he often joined hockey night in canada as a studio analyst to supplement their playoff coverage if his team missed or was eliminated from stanley cup contention. after retiring, he joined the show full-time as a studio analyst. he was featured in the "behind the mask" segm...	wikipedia
c0c24f6c68d54bc98a0563c25b92f65b91ecf466	in 1996, in what hrudey called "a pretty	in 1996, in what hrudey called "a pretty easy decision," he signed a two-year deal with the san jose sharks. hrudey served as the sharks' starting goaltender for the 1996–97 season until late january, when the club traded for all-star ed belfour. with belfour on the roster, hrudey was pushed into the backup role. belfo...	wikipedia
e5b9d2b4639664d73b128d43f5d9232b95d21079	hrudey was initially angry about the deal, because	hrudey was initially angry about the deal, because he had always dreamt of playing his career with one club, but he quickly adjusted and became an important part of the gretzky-era los angeles kings. since his number #30 was retired by the kings in honor of rogie vachon, hrudey would switch to number #32 which he would...	wikipedia
010fdc9e7a36ecd1a5b1b7f017cd9b462b19a559	he was the islanders' goaltender on april 18th,	he was the islanders' goaltender on april 18th, 1987, in game 7 of the islanders first round playoff series when they defeated the washington capitals in the longest game in club history, a four-overtime game 7 thriller known as the " easter epic ", which was won on a goal by pat lafontaine after 68:47 of overtime. hru...	wikipedia
af6f8f5ff482364d1295eb469c9256787d81b04a	with hall of famer billy smith entrenched in	with hall of famer billy smith entrenched in the islanders net, hrudey managed to begin splitting the goaltending duties starting in 1984-85, his first full season with the club. hrudey's arrival allowed the islanders to trade goaltender rollie melanson to the minnesota north stars for a first round pick. each season h...	wikipedia
9f31baca011366bce6ddee413b3d9651b52f6f27	hrudey played junior hockey for three years with	hrudey played junior hockey for three years with the western hockey league medicine hat tigers. he was drafted in the second round (38th overall) of the 1980 nhl entry draft by the new york islanders. hrudey first played for the indianapolis checkers, new york's minor league affiliate, and moved to the main club in the...	wikipedia
bcca0a34b21808aee5eeb9c599383f10f484bb6c	kelly hrudey (/ ˈ r uː d i	kelly hrudey (/ ˈ r uː d i /; born january 13, 1961) is a canadian former ice hockey goaltender. he is a current hockey broadcaster with sportsnet as a studio analyst for hockey night in canada and colour commentator for calgary flames regional broadcasts. during his playing career, hrudey played in the national hockey...	wikipedia
89f592ffb8661a151483e6d8b6ff7b74396983e1	dávid Šoltés is a slovak professional ice hockey	dávid Šoltés is a slovak professional ice hockey right winger player who currently playing for hc 19 humenné of the slovak extraliga. Šoltés played junior hockey in the western hockey league for the prince george cougars, who drafted him 4th overall in the 2013 chl import draft. he played two seasons for the cougars be...	wikipedia
7a06514f39d8fd8049a4c3dbc163a46c50bf5475	Šoltés played junior hockey in the western hockey	Šoltés played junior hockey in the western hockey league for the prince george cougars, who drafted him 4th overall in the 2013 chl import draft. he played two seasons for the cougars between 2013 and 2015 before returning to his native slovakia with his hometown team hc košice. on january 25, 2019, Šoltés was traded t...	wikipedia
7fd97e7d4e9f97908bba5640cdd6d20a51774117	the green fluorescent protein (gfp) is a protein	the green fluorescent protein (gfp) is a protein that exhibits green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range. the label gfp traditionally refers to the protein first isolated from the jellyfish aequorea victoria and is sometimes called avgfp. however, gfps have been found in other organisms ...	wikipedia
57b7c8bdff04e70d034f6276659c1a0cbccaf3b0	the green fluorescent protein (gfp) is a protein	of the green fluorescent protein. most commercially available genes for gfp and similar fluorescent proteins are around 730 base-pairs long. the natural protein has 238 amino acids. its molecular mass is 27 kd. therefore, fusing the gfp gene to the gene of a protein of interest can significantly increase the protein's...	wikipedia
c049e4ff999738ed16517bc5fd7a2c68fccb2be9	julian voss-andreae, a german-born artist specializing in "protein	julian voss-andreae, a german-born artist specializing in "protein sculptures," created sculptures based on the structure of gfp, including the 1.70 metres (5 feet 7 inches) tall "green fluorescent protein" (2004) and the 1.40 metres (4 feet 7 inches) tall "steel jellyfish" (2006). the latter sculpture is located at th...	wikipedia
45a3c0bf6af5c7d8f93a2bcec17655b262ab7e95	alba, a green-fluorescent rabbit, was created by a	alba, a green-fluorescent rabbit, was created by a french laboratory commissioned by eduardo kac using gfp for purposes of art and social commentary. the us company yorktown technologies markets to aquarium shops green fluorescent zebrafish (glofish) that were initially developed to detect pollution in waterways. neonp...	wikipedia
6d1b428181d8ad0dc15718488ce9215af1aba2fe	macro-scale biological processes, such as the spread of	macro-scale biological processes, such as the spread of virus infections, can be followed using gfp labeling. in the past, mutagenic ultra violet light (uv) has been used to illuminate living organisms (e.g., see) to detect and photograph the gfp expression. recently, a technique using non-mutagenic led lights have bee...	wikipedia
5c835df27525dbd97164a82a16dff672ea830e77	gfp can be used to analyse the colocalization	gfp can be used to analyse the colocalization of proteins. this is achieved by "splitting" the protein into two fragments which are able to self-assemble, and then fusing each of these to the two proteins of interest. alone, these incomplete gfp fragments are unable to fluoresce. however, if the two proteins of interes...	wikipedia
cdf227b2d3e40f581fa06ba577c80f0806989685	a novel possible use of gfp includes using	a novel possible use of gfp includes using it as a sensitive monitor of intracellular processes via an egfp laser system made out of a human embryonic kidney cell line. the first engineered living laser is made by an egfp expressing cell inside a reflective optical cavity and hitting it with pulses of blue light. at a ...	wikipedia
70fa90b71be023154488d1e49a56fbd4c10dbe00	gfp has been shown to be useful in	gfp has been shown to be useful in cryobiology as a viability assay. correlation of viability as measured by trypan blue assays were 0.97. another application is the use of gfp co-transfection as internal control for transfection efficiency in mammalian cells.	wikipedia
8b20b697325565502f6f1c9ff52f1c95a4ada8fa	it has also been found that new lines	it has also been found that new lines of transgenic gfp rats can be relevant for gene therapy as well as regenerative medicine. by using "high-expresser" gfp, transgenic rats display high expression in most tissues, and many cells that have not been characterized or have been only poorly characterized in previous gfp-t...	wikipedia
5329e7e8d866a9c400497fc10f883f27d614fa4f	another powerful use of gfp is to express	another powerful use of gfp is to express the protein in small sets of specific cells. this allows researchers to optically detect specific types of cells in vitro (in a dish), or even in vivo (in the living organism). genetically combining several spectral variants of gfp is a useful trick for the analysis of brain ci...	wikipedia
5a6b64b4c4d386abf3cfd7957528fa2ada4f7d54	the vertico smi microscope using the spdm phymod	the vertico smi microscope using the spdm phymod technology uses the so-called "reversible photobleaching" effect of fluorescent dyes like gfp and its derivatives to localize them as single molecules in an optical resolution of 10 nm. this can also be performed as a co-localization of two gfp derivatives (2clm).	wikipedia
43677d91b62d9d396f60756f5786466aa6337521	for example, gfp had been widely used in	for example, gfp had been widely used in labelling the spermatozoa of various organisms for identification purposes as in drosophila melanogaster, where expression of gfp can be used as a marker for a particular characteristic. gfp can also be expressed in different structures enabling morphological distinction. in suc...	wikipedia
4e01bfe67e8a485c292c7088c9df10c0cc047c88	there are many techniques to utilize gfp in	there are many techniques to utilize gfp in a live cell imaging experiment. the most direct way of utilizing gfp is to directly attach it to a protein of interest. for example, gfp can be included in a plasmid expressing other genes to indicate a successful transfection of a gene of interest. another method is to use a...	wikipedia
c2cb4122952bc0a9c3345ad27ac34e3d0abc3353	the availability of gfp and its derivatives has	the availability of gfp and its derivatives has thoroughly redefined fluorescence microscopy and the way it is used in cell biology and other biological disciplines. while most small fluorescent molecules such as fitc (fluorescein isothiocyanate) are strongly phototoxic when used in live cells, fluorescent proteins suc...	wikipedia
a3434e581279d6d41da26fec418a822b9b1df874	the biggest advantage of gfp is that it	the biggest advantage of gfp is that it can be heritable, depending on how it was introduced, allowing for continued study of cells and tissues it is expressed in. visualizing gfp is noninvasive, requiring only illumination with blue light. gfp alone does not interfere with biological processes, but when fused to prote...	wikipedia
8842e0314e23e8fc15a37e47775bc2fffb9016cd	for example, gfp can be used as a	for example, gfp can be used as a reporter for environmental toxicity levels. this protein has been shown to be an effective way to measure the toxicity levels of various chemicals including ethanol, p -formaldehyde, phenol, triclosan, and paraben. gfp is great as a reporter protein because it has no effect on the host...	wikipedia
08401817f41374633b0480f201ab65e0e3e33ff3	mechanistically, the process involves base-mediated cyclization followed by	mechanistically, the process involves base-mediated cyclization followed by dehydration and oxidation. in the reaction of 7a to 8 involves the formation of an enamine from the imine, while in the reaction of 7b to 9 a proton is abstracted. the formed hbi fluorophore is highlighted in green.	wikipedia
ed6d60104b09ab5c4ba3d77f6e8ee98c91fb8727	gfp has a beta barrel structure consisting of	gfp has a beta barrel structure consisting of eleven β-strands with a pleated sheet arrangement, with an alpha helix containing the covalently bonded chromophore 4-(p -hydroxybenzylidene)imidazolidin-5-one (hbi) running through the center. five shorter alpha helices form caps on the ends of the structure. the beta barr...	wikipedia
85feb5532c4da909404553d6c1848820b390d169	gfp has a beta barrel structure consisting of	148 are able to stabilize by delocalizing the chromophore charge. arg96 is the most important stabilizing residue due to the fact that it prompts the necessary structural realignments that are necessary from the hbi ring to occur. any mutation to the arg96 residue would result in a decrease in the development rate of t...	wikipedia
786fce56aa0ca0413316926943d36ca6b0a3960d	a new class of fluorescent protein was evolved	a new class of fluorescent protein was evolved from a cyanobacterial (trichodesmium erythraeum) phycobiliprotein, α- allophycocyanin, and named small ultra red fluorescent protein (smurfp) in 2016. smurfp autocatalytically self-incorporates the chromophore biliverdin without the need of an external protein, known as a ...	wikipedia
4374366e978ac702468005159931357ccc5e661f	fluorescent proteins with other chromophores, such as unag	fluorescent proteins with other chromophores, such as unag with bilirubin, can display unique properties like red-shifted emission above 600 nm or photoconversion from a green-emitting state to a red-emitting state. they can have excitation and emission wavelengths far enough apart to achieve conversion between red and...	wikipedia
7a2eb3ddf9a3de062f487251dafbe2c4935c3f9d	fmn-binding fluorescent proteins (fbfps) were developed in 2007	fmn-binding fluorescent proteins (fbfps) were developed in 2007 and are a class of small (11–16 kda), oxygen-independent fluorescent proteins that are derived from blue-light receptors. they are intended especially for the use under anaerobic or hypoxic conditions, since the formation and binding of the flavin chromoph...	wikipedia