IdA
string
IdB
string
labels
int64
mechanism
string
effect
string
score
float64
sentence
string
signor_id
string
P09467
O75385
0
phosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.2
Here, we demonstrate that, during deprivation of amino acid and growth factors, ULK1/2 directly phosphorylate key glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), enolase 1 (ENO1), and the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1).Phosphorylation of these enzymes leads to enhanced HK activity to sustain glucose uptake but reduced activity of FBP1 to block the gluconeogenic route and reduced activity of PFK1 and ENO1 to moderate drop of glucose-6-phosphate and to repartition more carbon flux to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), maintaining cellular energy and redox homeostasis at cellular and organismal levels.Similar results were also obtained using ULK2 as the kinase (data not shown).
SIGNOR-274031
Q9NRM7
O14965
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates
0.38
On the basis of these observations, we conclude that s83 of lats2 is a phosphorylation target of aurora-a and this phosphorylation plays a role of the centrosomal localization of lats2.
SIGNOR-124830
P10451
P15036
0
transcriptional regulation
up-regulates quantity by expression
0.251
We demonstrated that Ets2 is capable of binding to and transactivating the OPN promoter using gel shift and transient transfection assays
SIGNOR-259872
P12318
P43405
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.673
To identify the FcgammaRII-phosphorylating protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), we used the combination of an in vitro and an in vivo approach. In an in vitro assay using recombinant cytoplasmic tails of the different FcgammaRII isoforms as well as tyrosine exchange mutants, we show that each of the BCR-associated PTKs (Lyn, Blk, Fyn, and Syk) shows different phosphorylation patterns with regard to the different FcgammaR isoforms and pointFyn and Blk definitely phosphorylate Y-282 in the ITAM of Fc_RIIa/c, whereas the non-ITAM tyrosine residue (Y-275) becomes phosphorylated by Syk, as the phosphorylation of double point mutants shows. In addi-tion to these tyrosine residues, Fyn, Blk, and Syk might phosphorylate the most C-terminal tyrosine residue (Y-298) because altering this tyrosine residue together with one of the tyrosine residues clearly shown to be phosphorylated by the respective PTK results in the abrogation of phosphorylation.
SIGNOR-247590
P31947
P46937
1
relocalization
down-regulates activity
0.461
Verteporfin increases the level of 14-3-3σ, which promotes the translocation of YAP from nucleus to cytoplasm.
SIGNOR-278130
P24941
P33991
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.767
We reported that the dna helicase activity of the human and mouse mcm4-6-7 complex, a sub-complex of the mcm2-7 heterohexamer, is inhibited by the phosphorylation by cdk2-cyclin a we identified six sites, including ser-32, ser-53, and thr-109, in the amino-terminal region of mouse mcm4 that are required for the phosphorylation with cdk2-cyclin a.
SIGNOR-100881
O75581
O94921
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates
0.333
Low-density lipoprotein receptor related proteins 5 and 6 (lrp5/6) are transmembrane receptors that initiate wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Phosphorylation of pppsp motifs in the lrp6 cytoplasmic domain is crucial for signal transduction. Using a kinome-wide rnai screen, we show that pppsp phosphorylation requires the drosophila cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) l63. L63 and its vertebrate homolog pftk are regulated by the membrane tethered g2/m cyclin, cyclin y, which mediates binding to and phosphorylation of lrp6.
SIGNOR-162924
Q9NQB0
P19784
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.378
We show here that Tcf-4 can be phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase CK2 stoichiometrically in amino acids Ser-58-Ser-59-Ser-60. Phosphorylation of these residues does not modify the interaction of Tcf-4 with beta-catenin but reduces its association to plakoglobin. | Experiments performed using a Tcf-4 mutant with decreased interaction to plakoglobin demonstrated that binding to this protein negatively affected the transcriptional activity of Tcf-4.
SIGNOR-251044
P51812
Q9Y4K3
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.272
These results demonstrate that TRAF6 K63 ubiquitination might be regulated by an RSK2 mediated phosphorylation dependent mechanism and phosphorylation of TRAF6 at Ser46, 47 and 48 enhances its ubiquitin mediated inflammation signaling.
SIGNOR-278302
P01106
P49841
0
phosphorylation
down-regulates quantity by destabilization
0.72
Phosphorylation of Thr 58, likely mediated by GSK-3 but dependent on the prior phosphorylation of Ser 62, is associated with degradation of Myc.
SIGNOR-252080
P60484
P16220
1
dephosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.436
Our study demonstrates that PTEN can dephosphorylate CREB at Ser133 and that PTEN protein phosphatase activity is required for CREB dephosphoryation.|Moreover, we use both in vitro and in vivo experiments to show PTEN can dephosphorylate CREB in a phosphatase-dependent manner, suggesting that CREB is a substrate of PTEN nuclear phosphatase. Loss of Pten results in an elevated RNA level of multiple CREB transcriptional targets and increased cell proliferation, which can be reversed by a nonphosphorylatable CREB mutant or knockdown of CREB. These data reveal a mechanism for PTEN modulation of CREB-mediated gene transcription and cell growth.
SIGNOR-248543
P09619
Q07912
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.359
 Mutational analysis suggested that Y635 of ACK1 is a PDGFR-β phosphorylation site and that the ACK1 Y635F mutant abrogated the sequential activation of AKT. 
SIGNOR-276854
Q9NY65
Q8NG68
0
tyrosination
down-regulates
0.31
Tubulin tyrosine ligase (ttl) adds a c-terminal tyr to __tubulin as part of a tyrosination/detyrosination cycle present in most eukaryotic cells. / ttl inhibits spontaneous tubulin polymerization
SIGNOR-176930
Q16644
Q14457
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.425
Taken together, these data indicate that MK2 and MK3 directly phosphorylate Beclin 1 S90 in vitro, and that MK2 like kinase activity also mediates starvation induced Beclin 1 S90 phosphorylation in cultured cells.
SIGNOR-279342
P49459
P12004
1
ubiquitination
up-regulates
0.476
Pcna is mono-ubiquitinated through rad6 and rad18, modified by lysine-63-linked multi-ubiquitination--which additionally requires mms2, ubc13 and rad5--and is conjugated to sumo by ubc9. The first of these is monoubiquitination of lysine 164 on one or more of the pcna subunits by the e2-e3 complex of rad6-rad18.
SIGNOR-92737
O75444
P49840
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates
0.2
We showed that c-maf and mafb, like mafa, are indeed phosphorylated by gsk-3/ we demonstrated that phosphorylation by gsk-3 is conserved among the large maf proteins. It couples ubiquitination/degradation and transcriptional activation and modulates maf biological activity.
SIGNOR-159358
P13631
P31749
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.467
S379 of RARγ is indispensable for the CLDN6-triggered cellular events. The most important finding of the present study is that the CLDN6/SFK/PI3K/AKT signaling controls the RARγ and ERα activities (Fig. 6).
SIGNOR-277492
P25054
O60729
0
dephosphorylation
up-regulates
0.2
The phosphatase cdc14b translocates from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm and induces the activation of the ubiquitin ligase apc/ccdh1
SIGNOR-179636
Q12778
O00330
1
transcriptional regulation
down-regulates quantity by repression
0.2
Our genetic analysis indicates that Foxo1 is an effector of Irs2 signaling in pancreatic β cells. Foxo1 inactivation leads to increased Pdx1 expression and β cell proliferation. Since Foxo1 is expressed in a subset of cells embedded within pancreatic ducts, we propose that, in quiescent duct-associated cells that are not committed to a β cell fate, Foxo1 acts as a transcriptional brake on Pdx1. We propose the following mechanism of Foxo1 regulation: small quantities of insulin are released in the pancreatic duct (31), where they activate signaling (32) in the Foxo1-positive duct cell subset, leading to Foxo1 nuclear exclusion and Pdx1 expression.
SIGNOR-278151
Q9HBI1
Q13418
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.965
These results indicate that affixin directly associates with \u03b1-actinin only when its CH2 domain is phosphorylated by ILK.|This may indicate that phosphorylation of the CH2 domain by ILK induces a conformational change of the CH2 domain of affixin, which enables affixin to interact with alpha-actinin to evoke the subsequent maturation of the FA complex.
SIGNOR-278259
P0DPK2
Q92830
0
acetylation
down-regulates activity
0.2
The HAT module within the SAGA and ADA complexes acetylates histone H3, mainly on residues K9 and K14.
SIGNOR-269597
Q13153
P19086
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates
0.2
Phosphorylation of either ser(16) by pak1 or ser(27) by pkc decreased the affinity of galpha(z) for gbetagamma;phosphorylation of both residues by pkc caused no further effect. Pak1 thus regulates galpha(z) function by attenuating the inhibitory effects of both gaps and gbetagamma.
SIGNOR-48673
Q13555
Q9UQL6
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates
0.428
Camk phosphorylates serines -259 and -498 in hdac5, which subsequently serve as docking sites for 14-3-3. Our studies suggest that 14-3-3 binding to hdac5 is required for camk-dependent disruption of mef2hdac complexes and nuclear export of hdac5, and implicate 14-3-3 as a signal-dependent regulator of muscle cell differentiation.
SIGNOR-85102
P31749
Q15173
0
dephosphorylation
down-regulates
0.661
Activation of pp2a is the intermediate step between the abeta-ceramide cascade and the subsequent inactivation of akt.
SIGNOR-252615
P28482
Q969V6
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates
0.2
Serum induces rhoa-dependent translocation of mkl1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and also causes a rapid increase in mkl1 phosphorylation. Serum-induced phosphorylation of the serum response factor coactivator mkl1 by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway inhibits its nuclear localization.
SIGNOR-195153
Q12923
P00519
1
dephosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.39
We also found that PTPN13 dephosphorylates and inhibits c-Abl.|While the above results indicated that calpain-2 could cleave PTPN13 and that PTPN13 could dephosphorylate c-Abl at tyrosine 245, they did not determine whether calpain-2-mediated cleavage of PTPN13 resulted in its inactivation and increased tyrosine phosphorylation of c-Abl at tyrosine 245.
SIGNOR-277012
Q96BF3
P31749
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
We observed that IGPR-1 is activated by shear stress and tensile force and that flow shear stress-mediated IGPR-1 activation modulates remodeling of endothelial cells. Mechanistically, shear stress stimulated activation of AKT Ser/Thr kinase 1 (AKT1), leading to phosphorylation of IGPR-1 at Ser-220. 
SIGNOR-273481
Q16236
P04179
1
transcriptional regulation
up-regulates quantity by expression
0.45
BTG2 was found to up-regulate expression of antioxidant enzymes known to be regulated by NFE2L2, including catalase, SOD1, and SOD2
SIGNOR-254652
P06213
O14654
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.518
The binding of insulin to the subunit of IR not only concentrates insulin at its site of action, but also induces conformational changes in the receptor, which in turn stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the _ subunit of the IR and triggers the signaling cascades (Fig. 3). Insulin receptors trans phosphorylate several immediate substrates (on Tyr residues) including IRS1-4, Shc, and Gab 1, Cbl, APS, and P60dok.
SIGNOR-217897
Q12986
P01903
1
transcriptional regulation
down-regulates quantity by repression
0.396
A novel cysteine-rich sequence-specific DNA-binding protein interacts with the conserved X-box motif of the human major histocompatibility complex class II genes via a repeated Cys-His domain and functions as a transcriptional repressor
SIGNOR-266224
P11309
Q9UNQ0
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.36
Pim-1 kinase phosphorylates BCRP/ABCG2 and thereby promotes its multimerization and drug-resistant activity in human prostate cancer cells|This is further corroborated by our finding that the plasma membrane localization and drug-resistant activity of BCRP were compromised by T362A mutation.
SIGNOR-264420
O60381
P11309
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
 Pim-1 binds to and phosphorylates the transcription factor high mobility group box transcription factor 1 (HBP1), activating it.
SIGNOR-277346
P35568
P24394
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates
0.566
Irs-1 and a homologous protein, irs-2 (also known as 4-phosphotyrosine substrate), are recruited to phosphorylated y497 of IL-4R After ligand binding, leading to phosphorylation and activation of irs-1 and irs-2.
SIGNOR-100768
P35236
Q05513
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.26
HePTP is phosphorylated by PKC isozymes at Ser-225 in vitro. While all isozymes phosphorylated Ser-225 predominantly and Ser-113 to a lesser extent (Fig. ​(Fig.5),5), they differed strikingly in how much 32P they incorporated into HePTP during the 30-min assay. PKC θ was the most efficient, while PKC ζ and PKC μ were clearly less potent; PKC δ, ɛ, and η were quite inefficient.
SIGNOR-276047
Q6N021
P22607
0
phosphorylation
down-regulates quantity by destabilization
0.25
FGFR3∆7-9, but not wild-type FGFR3, directly interacts with TET2 and phosphorylates TET2 at Y1902 site, leading to the ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of TET2.
SIGNOR-277535
Q13315
Q8WVD3
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
We further confirm that RNF138 is phosphorylated by ATM at Ser124.
SIGNOR-279505
Q92793
Q16566
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.635
Ser301 of CBP was identified as a major target of CaMKIV phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. CaM kinase inhibitors attenuated phosphorylation at Ser301 and blocked CBP-dependent transcription. Additionally, mutation of Ser301 impaired NMDA- and CaMKIV-stimulated transcription. These findings demonstrate that activity-induced CaMKIV signaling contributes to CREB/CBP-dependent transcription by phosphorylating CBP at Ser301.
SIGNOR-250710
P25205
P24941
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates
0.796
In this study, we demonstrate that mcm3 is a substrate of cyclin e/cdk2 and can be phosphorylated by cyclin e/cdk2 at thr-722.
SIGNOR-176656
Q15011
P11021
1
relocalization
up-regulates quantity by stabilization
0.411
A key inhibitor of the turnover and Nt-arginylation of BiP was HERP (homocysteine-responsive ER protein), a 43-kDa ER membrane-integrated protein that is an essential component of ER-associated protein degradation. 
SIGNOR-261346
O15294
Q9NZJ5
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
Collectively, these results indicate that upon cold and \u03b2-adrenergic stimulation PERK-activated OGT catalyzes the O-GlcNAcylation of CK2\u03b1 and TOM70 which enhances MIC19 import into the mitochondria increasing cristae formation and cell respiration (Figure 7I).|Here, we report that the ER-resident kinase PERK is activated upon cold or \u03b2-adrenergic stimulation and directly phosphorylates OGT.
SIGNOR-279736
Q96QF0
P31749
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
Rabin8 is phosphorylated and activated by Akt in cells grown on stiff ECM.
SIGNOR-277802
Q13153
Q13363
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.403
Pak1 phosphorylates ctbp selectively on ser158 within a putative regulatory loop, triggering ctbp cellular redistribution and blocking ctbp ak1 superphosphorylates ctbp and inhibits ctbp dehydrogenase activitycorepressor functions.
SIGNOR-103943
Q13188
P53350
0
phosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.331
 We conclude that TRIM69A promotes multi-site phosphorylation of MST2.We demonstrate that TRIM69 stimulates formation of an MST2-PLK1 complex and promotes phosphorylation of MST2 at S15, a known PLK1 site. PLK1-mediated MST2 phosphorylation at S15 is necessary for subsequent phosphorylation of NEK2A to dissociate c-NAP1 from daughter centrioles (7). Thus, we provide a new molecular mechanism by which TRIM69 promotes MST2- and PLK1-mediated centrosome disjunction.
SIGNOR-277904
Q9UKX2
P14859
0
transcriptional regulation
up-regulates quantity by expression
0.2
Myocyte enhancer factor-2 and serum response factor binding elements regulate fast Myosin heavy chain transcription in vivo. We show that the upstream promoter region of the gene most abundantly expressed in mouse skeletal muscles, IIb MyHC, retains binding activity and transcriptional activation for three positive transcription factors, the serum response factor, Oct-1, and myocyte enhancer factor-2, whereas the other two genes (IIa and IId/x) have nucleotide substitutions in these sites that reduce binding and transcriptional activation
SIGNOR-238757
P19525
Q15172
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates
0.328
Phosphorylation of serine 28 by pkr promotes mitochondrial localization of b56alpha, because wild-type but not mutant s28a b56alpha promoted mitochondrial pp2a activity.
SIGNOR-181793
Q15835
P08100
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.923
That light-dependent phosphorylation of Rho is mediated primarily by RK. Addition of an inhibitory antibody against rhodopsin kinase (RK) lowered phosphorylation at Ser334, Ser338, and Ser343, without changing the ratio between phosphorylation sites. upon illumination, Ser334c, Ser338, and Ser343 are phosphorylated.
SIGNOR-251190
O00506
P46937
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.265
Collectively, our data demonstrate that loss of STK25 promotes YAP/TAZ activation.|Lastly, we assessed if STK25 is able to promote YAP phosphorylation in the absence of LATS-HM phosphorylation, based on our in vitro kinase assay results.
SIGNOR-278993
P04637
Q9NQ88
1
transcriptional regulation
up-regulates quantity by expression
0.2
TP53 inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is a bisphosphatase that reduces glycolysis and is highly expressed in carcinoma cells in the majority of human breast cancers. TIGAR is the only known phosphatase glycolytic modulator regulated by TP53. The current study delineates the role of TIGAR in OXPHOS and glycolytic metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer.
SIGNOR-267365
Q15633
P23443
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.322
We demonstrate that S6 kinases can phosphorylate the extended C-terminal domain of TRBP and interact with TRBP in situ in primary cells. TRBP serines 283/286 are essential for S6K-mediated TRBP phosphorylation, optimal expression of TRBP, and the S6K-TRBP interaction in human primary cells. 
SIGNOR-274068
P62805
Q4FZB7
0
methylation
down-regulates activity
0.2
SUV420H1 and SUV420H2 are two highly homologous enzymes that methylate lysine 20 of histone H4 (H4K20), a mark that has been implicated in transcriptional regulation.
SIGNOR-266651
P38936
P45983
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates quantity by stabilization
0.672
The stress-activated protein kinases p38 alpha and jnk1 stabilize p21(cip1) by phosphorylation.|p38 alpha and JNK1 phosphorylated p21 in vivo, and both p38 alpha and JNK1 phosphorylated p21 at Ser(130) in vitro.
SIGNOR-89440
P29317
P24666
0
dephosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.66
The SAM domain tyrosine Y960 which has been implicated in downstream PI3K signaling is dephosphorylated exclusively by HCPTP-B. The activation loop tyrosine (Y772) which directly controls kinase activity is dephosphorylated about six times faster by HCPTP-A. In contrast, the juxtamembrane tyrosines (Y575, Y588 and Y594) which are implicated in both control of kinase activity and downstream signaling are dephosphorylated by both variants with similar rates
SIGNOR-246023
P06493
O60566
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates
0.777
Here, we demonstrate that bubr1 is phosphorylated on the cdk1 site t620, which triggers the recruitment of plk1 and phosphorylation of bubr1 by plk1 both in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation does not appear to be required for spindle checkpoint function but instead is important for the stability of kinetochore-microtubule (kt-mt) interactions
SIGNOR-157642
Q15366
P28482
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates quantity by stabilization
0.318
We also identified 4 hnRNP-E2 MAPKERK1/2 phosphorylation sites and demonstrated that hnRNP-E2 is a bona fide MAPKERK1/2 substrate and that MAPKERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of hnRNP-E2 at these amino acid residues is essential for increased hnRNP-E2 expression in BCR/ABL-expressing cells. Serine/threonine to alanine substitution abolishes hnRNP-E2 phosphorylation and markedly decreases its stability in BCR/ABL-expressing myeloid precursors. Consistent with the existence of a BCR/ABL-MAPK pathway that posttranslationally regulates hnRNP-E2 expression, sequence analysis of hnRNP-E2 revealed the presence of 4 consensus ERK phosphorylation sites (S/T-P)35,36 at amino acid residues 173, 189, 213, and 272 (Figure 2B).
SIGNOR-262912
Q13547
P25490
1
deacetylation
down-regulates activity
0.798
Previous studies have established that YY1 interacts with histone acetyltransferases p300 and CREB-binding protein (CBP) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), HDAC2, and HDAC3. Here, we present evidence that the activity of YY1 is regulated through acetylation by p300 and PCAF and through deacetylation by HDACs. YY1 was acetylated in two regions: both p300 and PCAF acetylated the central glycine-lysine-rich domain of residues 170 to 200, and PCAF also acetylated YY1 at the C-terminal DNA-binding zinc finger domain. Acetylation of the central region was required for the full transcriptional repressor activity of YY1 and targeted YY1 for active deacetylation by HDACs.
SIGNOR-268835
Q9Y253
Q13535
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates
0.415
Atr-mediated phosphorylation of dna polymerase _ is needed for efficient recovery from uv damage. We show that, after uv irradiation, pol_ becomes phosphorylated at ser601 by the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and rad3-related (atr) kinase. Atr-dependent phosphorylation of pol_ is necessary to restore normal survival and postreplication repair
SIGNOR-171290
P31751
Q9Y2T7
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates quantity by stabilization
0.2
In this context, YBX2 is a dual substrate for both AMPK and Akt2. The phosphorylation at Thr115 by AMPK or at Ser137 by Akt2 facilitates YBX2 accumulation in brown adipocytes by decreasing ubiquitination-mediated degradation. 
SIGNOR-277869
Q92934
P17252
0
phosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.2
Phosphorylation of BAD at ser112 and ser136 in the setting of lapatinib treatment was fully restored by PRKACA expression in BT474, SKBr3, and ZR-75-30 cells (XREF_FIG).|We found that neither PRKACA nor PIM1 restored MAPK or PI3K activation after lapatinib or trastuzumab treatment, but rather inactivated the pro apoptotic protein BAD, thereby permitting survival signaling through BCL-XL.
SIGNOR-280080
Q99879
Q14493
0
translation regulation
up-regulates quantity by expression
0.2
Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control.
SIGNOR-265390
P07814
P18848
0
transcriptional regulation
up-regulates quantity by expression
0.2
QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress.
SIGNOR-269419
O15146
Q9UPQ7
0
ubiquitination
down-regulates quantity
0.543
We have identified a PDZ domain containing RING finger 3 (PDZRN3) as a synapse-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase and have demonstrated that it regulates the surface expression of muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK), the key organizer of postsynaptic development at the mammalian neuromuscular junction. PDZRN3 binds to MuSK and promotes its ubiquitination. Together, these data demonstrate that PDZRN3 is a catalytically active RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase
SIGNOR-271664
Q13315
Q12888
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates
0.873
Here we report phosphorylation of 53bp1 at several novel residues, using mass spectrometry and phospho-specific antibodies, and show that ionising radiation-stimulated phosphorylation of these residues requires atm.
SIGNOR-197615
P43405
O14986
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.2
We identified spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), which is activated by oxidants, as a candidate PIP5Kbeta kinase in this pathway, and mapped the oxidant-sensitive tyrosine phosphorylation site to residue 105. The PIP5KbetaY105E phosphomimetic is catalytically inactive and cytosolic, whereas the Y105F non-phosphorylatable mutant has higher intrinsic lipid kinase activity and is much more membrane associated than wild type PIP5Kbeta. 
SIGNOR-276227
O95863
Q8NEZ5
0
ubiquitination
down-regulates quantity by destabilization
0.2
FBXO22 elicits its antimetastatic effects by targeting SNAIL, a master regulator of EMT and breast cancer metastasis, for ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation in a glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation-dependent manner. 
SIGNOR-273446
O96001
Q13976
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates
0.656
Recombinant human G-substrate was phosphorylated efficiently by cGMP-dependent protein kinase exclusively at Thr residues, and it was recognized by antibodies specific for rabbit phospho-G-substrate. The amino acid sequences surrounding the sites of phosphorylation in G-substrate are related to those around Thr-34 and Thr-35 of the dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein DARPP-32 and inhibitor-1, respectively, two potent inhibitors of protein phosphatase 1.
SIGNOR-263148
P49759
P00519
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates
0.259
Here, we identify clk1, clk4, mst1, mst2 and ttk (also known as mps1) as novel thr735 kinases in vitro / phosphorylation of thr735 in c-abl is critical for binding to 14-3-3
SIGNOR-181031
O60890
P63000
1
gtpase-activating protein
up-regulates activity
0.591
OPHN-1 colocalized with the actin cytoskeleton in neuronal and glial cells. We have previously shown that OPHN1 stimulates GTPases activity of RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac1 in vitro
SIGNOR-268399
P49841
Q9UM73
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.248
It has been reported that Alk phosphorylates and activates Gsk3beta in mouse neural crest explants and neuroblastoma cell lines.|Therefore, we tested whether Alk indeed phosphorylates Y279-GSK3\u03b2 in stomach epithelial cells.
SIGNOR-280180
Q04760
P00519
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
We show that Glo1 activity is promoted by phosphorylation on Tyrosine 136 via multiple kinases. Glo1 Y136 is phosphorylated by multiple different kinases including all members of the Src family. Depletion of multiple different kinases led to a partial reduction in Glo1(Y136) phosphorylation. These included members of the Src family (Src, Yes1, FGR, and the related Abl1), and of the FAK, EPHA, FGFR, and VEGFR families (Figure 2B), suggesting phosphorylation of Glo1 on Y136 by multiple different kinases. In vitro kinase assays revealed that all the members of the Src family, as well as Epha5 and VEGFR3, can efficiently phosphorylate recombinant Glo1 on Y136 (Figure 2C–D).
SIGNOR-276187
Q12772
O75874
1
transcriptional regulation
up-regulates quantity by expression
0.277
IDH1 gene transcription is sterol regulated and activated by SREBP-1a and SREBP-2 in human hepatoma HepG2 cells|evidence that IDH1 may regulate lipogenesis in hepatic cells
SIGNOR-253133
P43403
P12931
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.479
In the cluster, Zap70 will be rapidly phosphorylated by active Src and slowly phosphorylated by autoinhibited, inactive Src.|We provide evidence that clusters harbor a positive feedback loop among Zap70, LAT, and Src-family kinases that binds phosphorylated LAT and further activates Zap70.
SIGNOR-279126
Q92945
Q13315
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates
0.423
The atm kinase directly binds to and phosphorylates ksrp, leading to enhanced interaction between ksrp and pri-mirnas and increased ksrp activity in mirna processing
SIGNOR-172127
P63000
P53602
0
lipidation
up-regulates activity
0.2
Akt modulated the pathway by phosphorylating mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (MDD) at Ser96. These data suggest that Akt regulates Rac1 activity by directly phosphorylating MDD at Ser96, which augments Rac1 geranylgeranylation.
SIGNOR-265892
P46734
Q16539
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.728
Two human MAP kinase kinases (MKK3 and MKK4) were cloned that phosphorylate and activate p38 MAP kinase.
SIGNOR-232156
P43403
P29350
0
dephosphorylation
down-regulates
0.588
We propose that shp1 can dephosphorylate sites in zap-70 and syk that are involved in coupling these kinases to downstream signaling cascades, including erk2 and elements of the il-2 gene.
SIGNOR-70237
P34972
Q8NB16
0
phosphorylation
down-regulates quantity by destabilization
0.2
Under hyperglycemic conditions, high glucose induced CB2R internalization in a β-arrestin 2-dependent manner; thereafter, MLKL (mixed lineage kinase domain-like), but not receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 or 3, phosphorylated CB2R at serine 352 and promoted CB2R degradation by ubiquitin modification. CB2R transcriptionally repressed necroptosis through interaction with BACH2; in turn, MLKL formed a negative feedback to phosphorylate CB2R.
SIGNOR-274121
P49841
P15941
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.456
GSK3beta binds directly to an STDRSPYE site in MUC1 and phosphorylates the serine adjacent to proline. Phosphorylation of MUC1 by GSK3beta decreases binding of MUC1 to beta-catenin in vitro and in vivo.
SIGNOR-249356
P35222
O95388
1
transcriptional regulation
up-regulates quantity
0.2
This study identifies WISP-1 as a beta-catenin-regulated gene that can contribute to tumorigenesis. The promoter of WISP-1 was cloned and shown to be activated by both Wnt-1 and beta-catenin expression.
SIGNOR-256270
Q6VY07
P68400
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.545
Phosphorylation of Ser278 by CK2 or a Ser278-->Asp mutation increased the interaction between PACS-1 and cargo, whereas a Ser278-->Ala substitution decreased this interaction. Moreover, the Ser278-->Ala mutation yields a dominant-negative PACS-1 molecule that selectively blocks retrieval of PACS-1-regulated cargo molecules to the TGN.
SIGNOR-250925
P23458
P29350
0
dephosphorylation
down-regulates
0.646
We find, for the first time, that shp-1 down-regulates the level of tyk2 kinase in h9 cells and of jak1 kinase in htb26 cells, by accelerating their degradation.
SIGNOR-119197
Q9NRC8
Q6NXT2
1
deacetylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
Besides confirming the previously reported histone H3K18 deacylation activity, our results revealed that SIRT7 has an astonishingly high activity to catalyze deacylation of H3K36 and is also catalytically active to deacylate H3K37.
SIGNOR-275879
O95819
P42336
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.2
MST1/2 and HGK inhibit catalytic activity of p110α through phosphorylation at T1061 
SIGNOR-277921
P18433
Q9H267
1
dephosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.2
Here, we report that VPS33B, a host protein involved in vesicle trafficking, is dephosphorylated by PtpA leading to a block of phagosome maturation by M. tuberculosis.|These data suggest that M. tuberculosis PtpA inhibits phagosome maturation.To assess the role of VPS33B in phagosome maturation, we attenuated the expression of endogenous VPS33B expression in THP-1 cells using a siRNA based approach.
SIGNOR-277015
Q13315
Q14676
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates
0.846
We show that, in response to ionizing radiation, mdc1 is hyperphosphorylated in an atm-dependent manner, and rapidly relocalizes to nuclear foci that also contain the mre11 complex, phosphorylated histone h2ax and 53bp1.
SIGNOR-98798
P24941
Q5MJ70
0
relocalization
up-regulates activity
0.791
Speedy/RINGO A, a noncanonical activator of CDK2, was recently identified as a key regulator for CDK2 recruitment to meiotic telomeres
SIGNOR-263310
P05412
P28482
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.79
Erk also undergoes rapid translocation into the nucleus, where it phosphorylates and activates a variety of transcription factor targets, including sp1, e2f, elk-1, and ap1.
SIGNOR-201943
P35580
P14859
0
transcriptional regulation
up-regulates quantity by expression
0.2
Myocyte enhancer factor-2 and serum response factor binding elements regulate fast Myosin heavy chain transcription in vivo. We show that the upstream promoter region of the gene most abundantly expressed in mouse skeletal muscles, IIb MyHC, retains binding activity and transcriptional activation for three positive transcription factors, the serum response factor, Oct-1, and myocyte enhancer factor-2, whereas the other two genes (IIa and IId/x) have nucleotide substitutions in these sites that reduce binding and transcriptional activation
SIGNOR-238772
P28482
Q05469
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.368
Thus, activation of the ERK pathway appears to be able to regulate adipocyte lipolysis by phosphorylating HSL on Ser(600) and increasing the activity of HSL.
SIGNOR-249413
O14641
Q9NQ66
1
null
up-regulates activity
0.268
Dsh through PLC activates IP3, which leads to release of intracellular Ca2+, which in turn activates CamK11 and calcineurin
SIGNOR-258979
P78527
P03372
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates quantity by stabilization
0.386
DNA-PK phosphorylates ERalpha at Ser-118.|Phosphorylation resulted in stabilization of ERalpha protein as inhibition of DNA-PK resulted in its proteasomal degradation.
SIGNOR-279561
Q13177
P43405
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.271
This is supported by in vitro studies showing that Pak2 phosphorylates and activates Syk.
SIGNOR-279083
Q02447
P28482
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates
0.305
Here, we show that sp3, which, as sp1, belongs to the gc-rich binding transcription factor family, is also phosphorylated by erk in vitro on serine 73. in the inducible cell lines, expression of wild-type form of sp3 increases vegf production whereas the s73a form has a reduced potential reflecting its lower transcriptional activity.
SIGNOR-157272
Q05682
Q15746
0
phosphorylation
down-regulates
0.641
Phosphorylation of caldesmon by myosin light chain kinase increases its binding affinity for phosphorylated myosin filaments.
SIGNOR-166049
O60674
P00533
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.612
Tyrosine at residue 1,068 of the EGFR is proposed to be one of the principal phosphorylation sites and Grb2-binding sites stimulated by growth hormone via Jak2. Our results indicate that the role of EGFR in signalling by growth hormone is to be phosphorylated by Jak2, thereby providing docking sites for Grb2 and activating MAP kinases and gene expression, independently of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR. 
SIGNOR-251347
Q99623
P17252
0
phosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.2
PKC\u03b1 phosphorylates PHB2-S39.
SIGNOR-279256
O15344
P18031
1
ubiquitination
down-regulates quantity
0.2
Proteasome inhibitor treatment diminished the decrease of PTP1B (Figure 5F) caused by TRIM18 overexpression.|TRIM18 Interacts With PTP1B and Promotes PTP1B Ubiquitination.
SIGNOR-278703
Q6WCQ1
Q13464
0
phosphorylation
down-regulates
0.296
Enhanced rho kinase activity induces endothelial barrier dysfunction by a contractile mechanism via inactivation of myosin phosphatase (mp)..
SIGNOR-157593
P23769
Q03112
0
transcriptional regulation
up-regulates quantity by expression
0.359
Evi1 directly binds to the promoter region of GATA-2 and thus enhances the GATA-2 transcription.
SIGNOR-266062
Q5SQI0
P0DPH7
1
acetylation
up-regulates quantity by stabilization
0.242
Alpha-Tubulin acetyltransferase (alphaTAT1) is the major α-tubulin lysine-40 (K40) acetyltransferase in mammals, nematodes, and protozoa, and its activity plays a conserved role in several microtubule-based processes.|The tubulin subunits of microtubules are acetylated, and lysine-40 (K40) of the alpha-tubulin subunit has been identified as an important conserved site of microtubule acetylation (6–8). This modification is considered a hallmark of stable, long-lived microtubules
SIGNOR-272244
Q9UD71
P23443
0
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.257
D1R-PKA appears intact and elevated DARPP-32(pT34) in Rheb(S16H) mice is reduced by S6K1 inhibition (Figure 3).|S6K1 directly phosphorylates DARPP-32.
SIGNOR-279654