GleghornLab/Signor_2class · Datasets at Hugging Face

IdA string	IdB string	labels int64	mechanism string	effect string	score float64	sentence string	signor_id string
P08575	O60674	1	dephosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.472	Src homology-2 (SH2) containing tyrosine phosphatase and CD45 tyrosine phosphatase play a major role in modulating JAK-STAT pathway. SH2 containing tyrosine phosphatases include SHP1 and SHP2 (shatterproof 1 & 2). Their SH2 domains allow attachment to the phospho-tyrosine residues present on activated receptors, JAKs or STAT proteins, leading to dephosphorylation of the substrates.	SIGNOR-255679
P42345	P15918	0	relocalization	up-regulates	0.256	Rag gtpases, together with a multi-protein complex called ragulator, mediate amino acid-mediated mtor recruitment to the lysosome surface where mtor becomes activated.	SIGNOR-198242
Q96EB6	P37231	1	transcriptional regulation	down-regulates quantity by repression	0.695	Interestingly, SIRT1 suppresses PPARγ but activates PGC-1α , and thus affects the clock network through multiple mechanisms.	SIGNOR-268032
Q9UI10	P20042	1	guanine nucleotide exchange factor	up-regulates activity	0.754	EIF2B converts the protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from an inactive GDP-bound form to an active eIF2-GTP complex owing to its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity.	SIGNOR-269132
P46531	P49757	0	ubiquitination	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.798	Mammalian numb proteins promote notch1 receptor ubiquitination and degradation of the notch1 intracellular domain	SIGNOR-99762
P12931	Q9UKA9	0	post transcriptional regulation	down-regulates quantity by repression	0.285	Splicing of the c-src N1 exon in neuronal cells depends in part on an intronic cluster of RNA regulatory elements called the downstream control sequence (DCS). \|nPTB binds more stably to the DCS RNA than PTB does but is a weaker repressor of splicing in vitro. nPTB also greatly enhances the binding of two other proteins, hnRNP H and KSRP, to the DCS RNA.	SIGNOR-261267
P36897	Q01082	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.522	This suggests that, upon stimulation with tgf-beta1, phosphorylation of elf could induce a conformational change that reduces its affinity for ankyrin and tropomyosin and facilitates an association with smad3 and smad4 instead.	SIGNOR-97626
P42685	P38398	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates quantity by stabilization	0.2	Herein, we demonstrate that Fyn-related kinase (Frk)/Rak plays an important role in maintaining genomic stability, possibly in part through positively regulating BRCA1 protein stability and function via tyrosine phosphorylation on BRCA1 Tyr1552. Rak-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of BRCA1 is essential for its stability and function	SIGNOR-275454
P38936	Q92945	0	post transcriptional regulation	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.252	Importantly, KSRP knockdown in C2C12 GM cells (Figure 2D) stabilized endogenous my- ogenin and p21 transcripts (Figure 2E). Furthermore, stable knockdown of KSRP, using shRNA, induced the accumulation of p21 mRNA in C2C12 GM while it did not affect the expression of late myogenic markers (MHC and muscle-creatine kinase [MCK])	SIGNOR-235859
Q16236	P22830	1	transcriptional regulation	up-regulates quantity by expression	0.322	NFE2L2 is stabilized and translocates to the nucleus, where it dimerizes with sMAF proteins. This complex binds to AREs to mediate the transcription of genes involved in iron metabolism, GSH metabolism, and ROS detoxification.Two critical enzymes in this pathway, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (ABCB6) and ferrochelatase (FECH), are regulated by the transcription factor NFE2L2 and play significant roles in inhibiting ferroptosis when upregulated.	SIGNOR-279865
Q14012	P49593	0	dephosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.461	Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase phosphatase (CaMKP) dephosphorylates and concomitantly deactivates multifunctional Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases , such as CaMKI, CaMKII, and CaMKIV.	SIGNOR-277111
P06400	P24941	0	phosphorylation	down-regulates	0.884	We demonstrate that phosphorylation by either cdk2-cyclin a, which phosphorylates t821, or cdk4-cyclin d1, which phosphorylates threonine 826, can disable prb for subsequent binding of an lxcxe protein.	SIGNOR-47895
P13288	Q14653	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.2	BGLF4 kinase interacts physically with and phosphorylates IRF3, which is the initial activator of transcription in the innate immune response. BGLF4 suppresses IRF3-dependent transcriptional activation. Data here suggest that Ser123, Ser173, and Thr180 contribute additively to the BGLF4-mediated repression of the IRF3 transactivation activity.	SIGNOR-266647
P00533	P61925	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.307	The difference in inhibitory potency between pki_ and pki_ has been attributed to the absence of a tyrosine residue (tyr7) in pki_ that is present in the nh2-terminal region of pki_. This suggests that the absence of a single amino acid residue can result in variations in how the catalytic subunit of camp-dependent protein kinase interacts with pki which ultimately can result in alterations in pki inhibitory potency.	SIGNOR-22455
Q5SGD2	O43318	1	dephosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.585	Co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that PP2Cepsilon associates stably with TAK1 and attenuates the binding of TAK1 to MKK4 or MKK6.\|PP2Cepsilon dephosphorylated TAK1 in vitro.	SIGNOR-277114
P16220	P60484	0	dephosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.436	Our study demonstrates that PTEN can dephosphorylate CREB at Ser133 and that PTEN protein phosphatase activity is required for CREB dephosphoryation.\|Moreover, we use both in vitro and in vivo experiments to show PTEN can dephosphorylate CREB in a phosphatase-dependent manner, suggesting that CREB is a substrate of PTEN nuclear phosphatase. Loss of Pten results in an elevated RNA level of multiple CREB transcriptional targets and increased cell proliferation, which can be reversed by a nonphosphorylatable CREB mutant or knockdown of CREB. These data reveal a mechanism for PTEN modulation of CREB-mediated gene transcription and cell growth.	SIGNOR-248543
O60829	Q86Z02	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.456	Here, we have identified homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 1 (HIPK1), also a component of the stress-response pathway, as a kinase that phosphorylates PAGE4 at T51 \| We show that phosphorylation of PAGE4 is critical for its transcriptional activity since mutating this T residue abolishes its ability to potentiate c-Jun transactivation.	SIGNOR-260929
P31645	Q9UHD2	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.2	Taken together, our data suggest that TBK1 expression promotes the general cellular clearance mechanism of soluble HTT and prevents its accumulation and aggregation by enhancing autophagy.\|This confirmed that TBK1 phosphorylated endogenous HTT at S13 (Fig XREF_FIG G and H).	SIGNOR-278384
Q14493	P33778	1	translation regulation	up-regulates quantity by expression	0.2	Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA\|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control.	SIGNOR-265385
Q05655	Q15080	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.355	P40(phox) is phosphorylated on threonine 154 and serine 315 during activation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Implication of a protein kinase c-type kinase in the phosphorylation process.	SIGNOR-249012
P06493	Q9BW19	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates quantity by stabilization	0.458	We confirmed that CDK1 phosphorylates Ser6 (Supplementary Fig S5B) and demonstrated that KIFC1 displays CDK1-mediated resistance to ubiquitination by the APC/C (Fig S5C).	SIGNOR-277294
Q04759	P29350	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.2	SHP-1 phosphorylation is mediated through PKC-θ. Here, we show that phosphorylation of SHP-1 in NK cells on the S591 residue by PKC-θ promotes the inhibited SHP-1 'folded' state. Silencing PKC-θ maintains SHP-1 in the active conformation, reduces NK cell activation and cytotoxicity, and promotes tumor progression in vivo.	SIGNOR-277590
P0C6X7-PRO_0000037311	Q13114	1	deubiquitination	down-regulates activity	0.2	Overexpressing PLPro of SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV significantly reduced the expression of IFN-Î² and proinflammatory cytokines in MDA5-stimulated 293T cells (83).Also, SARS-CoVPLPro catalyzed deubiquitination of TNF-receptor-associated factor3 (TRAF3) and TRAF6, thereby suppressing IFN-I and proinflammatory cytokines induced by TLR7 agonist (63). The deubiquitinating activity of SARS-CoV PLPro also suppressed a constitutively active phosphomimetic IRF3, suggesting its involvement in the postactivation signaling of IRF3	SIGNOR-260246
Q93008	Q16637	1	deubiquitination	up-regulates quantity by stabilization	0.28	Ubiquitin-specific Protease 9x Deubiquitinates and Stabilizes the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Protein-Survival Motor Neuron	SIGNOR-253113
P42345	Q9BY84	0	dephosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.274	MKP7 represses mTOR function.\|These results suggest that MKP7 could directly dephosphorylate pmTOR and pPRAS40 and forming complexes with these two proteins ( xref ).	SIGNOR-277067
Q14289	Q05209	0	dephosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.544	Inhibition of the catalytic activity of cell adhesion kinase beta by protein-tyrosine phosphatase-pest-mediated dephosphorylation. / dephosphorylation of tyr402 and tyr579/580 by ptp-pest	SIGNOR-107502
P68400	P25490	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.286	More recently, we identified and mapped multiple phosphorylation sites in yy1, including, threonine 39, serine 118, serine 247, threonine 348 and threonine 378. The first kinase proven to phosphorylate yy1 in vivo was plk1, which phosphorylates threonine 39 during g2/m stage of the cell cycle [25]. Ck2_ is another kinase identified as constitutively phosphorylating yy1 at serine 118. This modification protects yy1 cleavage by caspase 7 during apoptosis	SIGNOR-200083
Q53QZ3	P63000	1	gtpase-activating protein	down-regulates activity	0.581	We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)\|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs\| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2).	SIGNOR-260470
P04637	P62136	0	dephosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.314	Protein serine/threonine phosphatase-1 dephosphorylates p53 at Ser-15 and Ser-37 to modulate its transcriptional and apoptotic activities\|In addition, our results reveal that one of the molecular mechanisms by which PP-1 promotes cell survival is to dephosphorylate p53, and thus negatively regulate p53-dependent death pathway.	SIGNOR-248557
P21453	Q9C0B5	0	palmitoylation	up-regulates activity	0.2	We propose that DHHC5-mediated palmitoylation of S1P1R determines Gi coupling and its signalling in a spatio/temporal manner.	SIGNOR-261140
P27361	Q9H9Z2	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.277	Here we show that Lin28a is directly phosphorylated by ERK1/2 kinases at Ser-200.	SIGNOR-277337
Q15262	Q9ULT6	1	dephosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.354	We show that PTPRK acts via the transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase ZNRF3, a negative regulator of Wnt signaling promoting Wnt receptor degradation, which is also expressed in the organizer.	SIGNOR-260110
Q9H2K8	Q13043	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.283	In addition, the thousand-and-one (tao) amino acids kinase or taok13 has been shown to directly phosphorylate and activate hpo or mst1/2	SIGNOR-192762
P06702	P17676	0	transcriptional regulation	up-regulates quantity by expression	0.2	Among several known transcription factor binding motifs, nuclear protein(s) of VD3-treated HL-60 cells and THP-1 cells bound to the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-binding motif that was located in the upstream region of the MRP14 gene (-81), as evidenced by the competitive gel mobility-shift assay.\|Thus, it was concluded that C/EBP alpha and -beta were able to bind to the C/EBP motif, and that C/EBP alpha bound to the motif in THP-1 cells and C/EBP beta bound to that in the VD3-treated HL-60 cells.	SIGNOR-254044
Q05655	Q96C90	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.2	Recombinant tagged PHI-1 was phosphorylated by protein kinase C at two sites, one a Ser and one a Thr; phosphorylation enhanced inhibitory potency 50-fold.	SIGNOR-265739
P04626	Q05209	0	dephosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.619	In MDA-MB-231 cells, a human triple negative breast cancer cell line, phosphorylation of PTPN12 on Ser 19 was increased in response to cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and this impaired PTPN12 's ability to dephosphorylate HER2 on Y1196.\|PTPN12 negatively regulates Her2, by dephosphorylation on Tyr 1196 on Her2.	SIGNOR-277038
Q16555	Q5TCY1	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.243	TTBK1 induces complex formation of pCRMP2 with pTau.\|These data suggest that TTBK1-induced T514 CRMP2 phosphorylation is dependent on both S522 phosphorylation by Cdk5 and T555 phosphorylation by RhoK.	SIGNOR-279313
P31327	Q9NXA8	0	post translational modification	up-regulates activity	0.508	Glutarylation suppresses CPS1 activity, which is targeted by SIRT5 for removal\|SIRT5 can catalyze the enzymatic removal of lysine glutarylation	SIGNOR-267643
P31749	Q9UHD2	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.407	Upon mitogen stimulation, triggering of the innate immune response, re-exposure to glucose, or oncogene activation, tbk1 is recruited to the exocyst, where it activates akt. Akt is a direct tbk1 substrate that connects tbk1 to prosurvival signaling.	SIGNOR-252608
O75676	P68400	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.281	Here we report that the CK2 protein kinase, which contributes to NF-kappaB activation following UV radiation in a p38-dependent manner, physically interacts with MSK2 but not MSK1 and that CK2 inhibition specifically impairs UV-induced MSK2 kinase activation. A putative site of CK2 phosphorylation was mapped to MSK2 residue Ser(324) and when substituted to alanine (S324A) also compromised MSK2 activity.Serine 324 is required for UV-induced MSK2 activation and for autophosphorylation at MSK2-Ser196.	SIGNOR-276268
P23409	Q06413	0	transcriptional regulation	up-regulates quantity by expression	0.565	Myogenin and MEF2 function synergistically to activate the MRF4 promoter during myogenesis.	SIGNOR-238652
Q13618	P46821	1	ubiquitination	down-regulates quantity	0.254	Gigaxonin is the substrate-specific adaptor for a new Cul3-E3-ubiquitin ligase family that promotes the proteasome dependent degradation of its partners MAP1B, MAP8 and tubulin cofactor B.	SIGNOR-268946
Q08050	P45974	0	deubiquitination	up-regulates quantity by stabilization	0.351	Wnt signaling activation inhibits FoxM1 phosphorylation by GSK3-Axin complex and leads to interaction between FoxM1 and deubiquitinating enzyme USP5, thereby deubiquitination and stabilization of FoxM1.	SIGNOR-277210
Q99418	P17252	0	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.307	ARNO is phosphorylated in vivo by PKC on a single serine residue, S392, located within the carboxy-terminal polybasic domain. Mutation of S392 to alanine does not prevent ARNO-mediated actin rearrangements, suggesting that phosphorylation does not lead to ARNO activation [6]. Here, we report that phosphorylation negatively regulates ARNO exchange activity through a 'PH domain electrostatic switch'.	SIGNOR-249023
P00533	Q13191	0	polyubiquitination	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.76	Here we describe that overexpression of cbl-b, a homologue of the c-cbl protooncogene, inhibits EGFR-induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. Overexpression of cbl-b results in a shortened duration of EGFR activation upon EGF stimulation. This is demonstrated by decreased amounts of phosphorylated EGFR as well as by inhibition of multiple downstream signaling pathways. The inhibition of signaling by cbl-b results from increased ubiquitination and degradation of the activated EGFR.	SIGNOR-272934
P45973	P68400	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.368	Hp1_ was multiply phosphorylated at n-terminal serine residues (s11-14) in human and mouse cells and that this phosphorylation enhanced hp1_'s affinity for h3k9me. Unphosphorylatable mutant hp1_ exhibited severe heterochromatin localization defects in vivo, and its prolonged expression led to increased chromosomal instability.	SIGNOR-171707
P67775	Q14653	1	dephosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.314	RACK1 Negatively Regulates the Type I IFN pathway. Here we report that IRF3 is deactivated via dephosphorylation mediated by the serine and threonine phosphatase PP2A and its adaptor protein RACK1. The PP2A-RACK1 complex negatively regulated the IRF3 pathway after LPS or poly(I:C) stimulation or Sendai virus (SeV) infection.	SIGNOR-260944
Q9H2G9	O95271	0	ADP-ribosylation	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.351	Here, we identify RNF146, a RING-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a positive regulator of Wnt signalling. RNF146 promotes Wnt signalling by mediating tankyrase-dependent degradation of axin. Mechanistically, RNF146 directly interacts with poly(ADP-ribose) through its WWE domain, and promotes degradation of PARsylated proteins. Using proteomics approaches, we have identified BLZF1 and CASC3 as further substrates targeted by tankyrase and RNF146 for degradation.	SIGNOR-263385
P05771	P19484	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.33	This occurs following PKCβ phosphorylation of TFEB on three serine residues located in its last 15 amino acids. This post-translational modification stabilizes and increases the activity of this transcription factor.	SIGNOR-255315
Q92630	Q9UHD2	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.413	We further found that DYRK2 phosphorylated Ser527 of TBK1, which is essential for the recruitment of NLRP4 and for the E3 ubiquitin ligase DTX4 to degrade TBK1.	SIGNOR-276939
Q9H2X6	P06276	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates quantity	0.2	As shown in XREF_FIG, HIPK2 overexpression strongly reduced Myc-Che-1 levels, whereas it produced little effect on Che-1 T144A expression.\|Notably, we found that HIPK2 phosphorylates a specific residue of Che-1, which is required for its interaction with Pin1 and for its degradation through the proteasome pathway.	SIGNOR-279190
Q00535	P50406	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.374	Cdk5 phosphorylates the 5-HT6R on serine 350 (Ser350)\|This suggests that the 5-HT6R is unable to interact with GPRIN1 when it is phosphorylated by Cdk5.	SIGNOR-264407
Q9NY33	P01019-PRO_0000032458	1	cleavage	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.2	Human dipeptidyl-peptidase III (hDPP III) is capable of specifically cleaving dipeptides from the N-terminal of small peptides with biological activity such as angiotensin II (Ang II, DRVYIHPF), and participates in blood pressure regulation, pain modulation, and the development of cancers in human biological activities. The binding of Ang II to hDPP III may lead to changes in the shape and size of subsite S1, an important catalytic site, so as to promote the decomposition of the substrate.	SIGNOR-268463
Q9P2J5	P18848	0	transcriptional regulation	up-regulates quantity by expression	0.2	QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress.	SIGNOR-269420
Q13315	P18846	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.359	Exposure to DNA damage further induced ATF1 phosphorylation on Ser-51 by ATM in a manner that required prior phosphorylation of the upstream CK residues.	SIGNOR-278909
O75925	Q9UPW6	1	sumoylation	down-regulates activity	0.583	We found that SATB2 differs from the closely related thymocyte-specific protein SATB1 by modifications of two lysines with the small ubiquitive related modifier (SUMO), which are augmented specifically by the SUMO E3 ligase PIAS1.	SIGNOR-269112
P05198	Q9P2K8	0	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.914	Translation initiation factor 2α [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α)] kinase phosphorylates serine51 (Ser51) of eIF2α and downregulates cellular protein synthesis.	SIGNOR-246157
P22694	Q92917	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.307	Using yeast two-hybrid screening with the PKA Cβ2 subunit as bait we identified GPKOW, also known as MOS2 homolog or T54 protein, as an interaction partner for Cβ2.PKA phosphorylates GPKOW at S27 and T316 in vitro. GPKOWs ability to bind RNA is sensitive to mutations of its PKA phosphorylation sites.	SIGNOR-266298
P61006	O43318	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.252	In a screen for Rab8A kinases we identify TAK1 and MST3 kinases that can efficiently phosphorylate the Switch II residue Threonine72 (Thr72) in a similar manner as LRRK2 in vitro. \|Overall our data suggests that the phosphorylation of Rab8A at Ser111 may influence Switch II-binding by regulators, thus disrupting interactions with its cognate GEF and moderately impairs its interaction with GAPs.\|The antagonistic interplay between Ser111 phosphorylation and Thr72 phosphorylation is genetically concordant with how respective mutations in PINK1 and LRRK2 cause Parkinson’s disease	SIGNOR-260266
P12931	O43597	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.565	Activation of signalling by fibroblast growth factor receptor leads to phosphorylation of the signalling attenuator human sprouty 2 (hspry2) on residue y55. we show that hspry2 is a direct substrate for src family kinases, including src itself.Phosphorylation of hspry2 is required for hspry2 to inhibit activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway.	SIGNOR-131189
O15534	Q9UKB1	0	ubiquitination	down-regulates	0.493	We have found that per1 interacts with both _-trcp1 and _-trcp2 in a manner that depends on casein kinase 1 activity, and depletion of both _-trcp1 and _-trcp2 by rnai leads to dramatic stabilization of per1	SIGNOR-137758
Q13131	P13569	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.493	AMPK phosphorylates CFTR¬†in vitro¬†at two essential serines (Ser737and Ser768) in the R domain, formerly identified as "inhibitory" PKA sites.\|Interestingly two of these sites, namely Ser737 and Ser768, have been identified as “inhibitory” R domain sites, i.e. when mutated to alanines they augment the open probability of CFTR relative to wild type\|Our present results suggest that it might be AMPK rather than PKA that is phosphorylating Ser737 and Ser768 under baseline conditions	SIGNOR-259858
Q99956	Q16539	1	dephosphorylation	down-regulates	0.701	These properties define the ability of this enzyme to dephosphorylate and inactivate erk1/2 and p38a, but not jnk (c-jun n-terminal kinase) in vivo.	SIGNOR-87150
Q8NEB9	P31749	1	relocalization	up-regulates	0.434	One of the best characterized targets of pi3k lipid products is the protein kinase akt or protein kinase b (pkb). In quiescent cells, pkb resides in the cytosol in a low-activity conformation. Upon cellular stimulation, pkb is activated through recruitment to cellular membranes by pi3k lipid products and phosphorylation by 3h-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (pdk1).	SIGNOR-252632
P31751	Q13418	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.615	ILK mediated activation of Akt2 is required for Tbeta4 inducible expression of MMP-2 and EC motility.\|Our experiments suggest that ILK phosphorylates Akt2 at Ser474, that Akt2 is a better substrate than Akt1, and that a post-translational modification to ILK is required for its activity.	SIGNOR-279055
P16591	P52565	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.2	Fer interferes with binding of RhoGDI\u03b1 and Rac. (A) GST-RhoGDI\u03b1 was pre-incubated with Rac, after which GST-Fer (G-Fer) or GST (G) was added and GST fusion proteins were pulled down with glutathione agarose, followed by kinase reactions. (B) GST-RhoGDI\u03b1 was pre-incubated with GST-Fer or GST in kinase buffer, after which Rac was added and RhoGDI\u03b1 was immunoprecipitated. 50 pmol of RhoGDI\u03b1 and Rac1, with 25 pmol of GST and GST-Fer were used.\|These results identify tyrosine phosphorylation of RhoGDIalpha by Fer as a mechanism to regulate binding of RhoGDIalpha to Rac.	SIGNOR-279042
Q15759	O60381	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.428	A mutation of the p38 map kinase phosphorylation site at aa 401 [(s-a)401hbp1] also triggered hbp1 protein instability. While protein stability was compromised by mutation, the specific activities of (s-a)401hbp1 and of wild-type hbp1 appeared comparable for transcriptional repression.	SIGNOR-119134
Q12772	O43462	0	cleavage	up-regulates activity	0.673	In order to activate transcription, the NH2-terminal domain of the SREBP must be released from the membrane so that it can enter the nucleus. This release has been studied most extensively for one of the SREBPs, namely, SREBP-2. However, the mechanism appears to be similar for the other SREBPs (SREBP-1a and -1c) (1). Release of the NH2-terminal domain is accomplished by a two-step proteolytic event that is regulated by sterols (3). In sterol-depleted mammalian cells, this proteolysis is initiated by the Site-1 protease (S1P), which cleaves human SREBP-2 between the Leu522-Ser523 bond in the sequence RSVL S (4). This cleavage requires formation of a complex between SREBP and SCAP, a polytopic membrane protein of the ER, and it is prevented when this complex is disrupted	SIGNOR-267498
Q13418	O14950	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.314	Integrin-linked kinase cdna was cloned, sequenced, expressed in e. coli, and shown to phosphorylate myosin light chain in the absence of ca(2+) at ser(19) and thr(18). Smooth muscle contraction follows an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration, activation of myosin light chain kinase, and phosphorylation of the 20-kDa light chain of myosin at Ser(19).Smooth muscle contraction follows an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration, activa	SIGNOR-106427
P05129	Q13224	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.399	These results indicate that PKC can directly phosphorylate S1303 and S1323 in the NR2B C terminus, leading to enhanced currents through NMDA receptor channels.	SIGNOR-249085
P11137	P17612	0	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.36	CAMP-dependent protein kinase activity disrupts the MAP2-microtubule interaction in living HeLa cells. S319, S350, and S382 were thus identified as preferred targets of PKA	SIGNOR-250003
Q8WY64	Q14114	1	ubiquitination	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.444	Here we demonstrate that Idol also targets two closely related LDLR family members, VLDLR and ApoE receptor 2 (ApoER2), proteins implicated in both neuronal development and lipid metabolism. Idol triggers ubiquitination of the VLDLR and ApoER2 on their cytoplasmic tails, leading to their degradation.	SIGNOR-271486
O14965	Q9NRM7	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.38	On the basis of these observations, we conclude that s83 of lats2 is a phosphorylation target of aurora-a and this phosphorylation plays a role of the centrosomal localization of lats2.	SIGNOR-124830
P15374	Q06609	1	deubiquitination	up-regulates activity	0.325	Here we report that ubiquitination of RAD51 hinders RAD51-BRCA2 interaction, while deubiquitination of RAD51 facilitates RAD51-BRCA2 binding and RAD51 recruitment and thus is critical for proper HR. \| UCHL3, in turn, deubiquitinates RAD51 and promotes the binding between RAD51 and BRCA2.\|Our results suggested that three lysine sites (56, 57, and 63) on RAD51 that are close to E59 are deubiquitinated by UCHL3.	SIGNOR-275908
P04637	O14757	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.78	Phosphorylation by chk1 of at least three of these sites, Ser366, Ser378, and Thr387, was induced by DNA damage.	SIGNOR-217861
Q06203	P01106	0	transcriptional regulation	up-regulates quantity by expression	0.2	PPAT, catalyzing the first step of purine synthesis, and DHODH, an enzyme generating uridine in the middle of the pyrimidine synthesis pathway, were validated as direct c-MYC target genes by all criteria.	SIGNOR-267381
P56524	Q13557	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.358	These results demonstrate that camkiideltab preferentially targets hdac4, and this involves serine 210overexpression of camkiideltab in primary neonatal cardiomyocytes increases the activity of the mef2 transcription factor and completely rescues hdac4-mediated repression of mef2	SIGNOR-151418
P51956	O95721	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.2	In the present study, we show that NEK3 (NIMA-never in mitosis gene A-related kinase 3)-mediated serine 105 (S105) phosphorylation of SNAP29 directs its membrane association, without which cells present defective focal adhesion formation, impaired Golgi structure and attenuated cellular recycling. Our results highlight the importance of NEK3-mediated S105 phosphorylation of SNAP29 for its membrane localization and for membrane fusion dependent processes.	SIGNOR-273708
Q04760	P54756	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.2	We show that Glo1 activity is promoted by phosphorylation on Tyrosine 136 via multiple kinases. Glo1 Y136 is phosphorylated by multiple different kinases including all members of the Src family. Depletion of multiple different kinases led to a partial reduction in Glo1(Y136) phosphorylation. These included members of the Src family (Src, Yes1, FGR, and the related Abl1), and of the FAK, EPHA, FGFR, and VEGFR families (Figure 2B), suggesting phosphorylation of Glo1 on Y136 by multiple different kinases. In vitro kinase assays revealed that all the members of the Src family, as well as Epha5 and VEGFR3, can efficiently phosphorylate recombinant Glo1 on Y136 (Figure 2C–D).	SIGNOR-276183
O14672	Q14576	0	post transcriptional regulation	up-regulates quantity	0.2	Neuronal ELAV (nELAV) proteins are RNA-binding proteins which play a physiological role in controlling gene expression in memory formation, and their alteration may contribute to cognitive impairment associated with neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The experiments show for the first time that ADAM10mRNA represents a nELAV target and that these RNA-binding proteins can play a role in the post-transcriptional regulation of ADAM10 expression. nELAV proteins specifically bind the ADAM10 mRNA and this binding is disrupted following Aβ exposure	SIGNOR-266864
O15550	P20719	1	transcriptional regulation	up-regulates quantity by expression	0.27	Evidence for direct involvement of UTX in regulation of HOX gene activity was demonstrated through UTX knockdown experiments in HEK293T cells in which loss of UTX induced transcriptional repression of HOXA and HOXC clusters.	SIGNOR-260023
Q99877	Q14493	0	translation regulation	up-regulates quantity by expression	0.2	Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA\|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control.	SIGNOR-265392
Q96KB5	P81274	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.27	We found that the 450th threonine (thr450) of lgn/gpsm2 was phosphorylated by the serine/threonine kinase pbk/topk during mitosis. Western blot analysis indicated the highest expression and the phosphorylated form of lgn/gpsm2 protein in g2/m phase.	SIGNOR-166461
P17612	Q9UBL0	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.2	The specificity of antibody G534 was examined using recombinant full-length rat ARPP-21 phosphorylated by PKA. Radiolabeled ARPP-21 from a reaction containing [γ32P]ATP correlated with the detection of phospho-Ser55-ARPP-21 by immunoblotting (Fig. 1A, left and middle panels).	SIGNOR-263107
P07711	P02818	1	cleavage	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.2	This study has been undertaken to compare the degradation of BGP by the cysteine proteinases cathepsins L, B, H, S, and the aspartic proteinase cathepsin D. Cathepsins B, L, H, and S readily cleave BGP at the G7-A8 bond; cathepsin L also cleaves at R43-R44; cathepsin B also cleaves at R44-F45; and cathepsin D cleaves only at A41-Y42.	SIGNOR-256322
P10636-2	P41743	0	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.265	We have studied the relationship between the phosphorylation oftau by several kinases (MARK, PKA, MAPK, GSK3) and its assembly into PHFs. By contrast, MARK and PKA phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably theKXGS motifs including Ser262, Ser324, and Ser356, plus Ser320); in addition PKA phosphorylates somesites in the flanking domains, notably Ser214. This type of phosphorylation strongly reduces tau’s affinityfor microtubules, and at the same time inhibits tau’s assembly into PHFs.	SIGNOR-275446
P25963	Q9Y6K9	0	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.848	IκB components are phosphorylated on two amino-terminal serine residues by the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, composed of two catalytic proteins, IKKα and IKKβ, and the regulatory subunit IKKγ (NEMO, IKBKG). This modification targets IκB for degradation by the proteasome, allowing the release and nuclear translocation of NF-κB.	SIGNOR-280462
Q9NYV6	P27361	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.2	Erk-dependent phosphorylation of the transcription initiation factor tif-ia is required for rna polymerase i transcription and cell growth. phosphopeptide mapping and mutational analysis reveals two serine residues (s633 and s649) that are phosphorylated by erk and rsk kinases. Replacement of s649 by alanine inactivates tif-ia, inhibits pre-rrna synthesis, and retards cell growth.	SIGNOR-98984
Q9UQM7	Q00975	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates	0.317	Here, we report a direct modulation of ca(v)2.2 channel inactivation properties by 14-3-3, a family of signaling proteins involved in a wide range of biological processes.Wild-type gst fusion proteins containing the putative 14-3-3-binding motif (aa 2076__?2140) werein vitro phosphorylated at s2126 by either camkii or pka, as detected by thesequence- and phosphorylation-specific antibody, anti-ps2126 (middle panel). Phosphorylation of s2126 significantly increases its binding to recombinant 14-3-3?	SIGNOR-149684
P10451	P05186	0	dephosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.442	This result suggests that endogenous mouse TNAP dephosphorylates OPN in osteoblasts and that overexpressed human TNAP dephosphorylates OPN, compensating for the lack of endogenous TNAP in [Col1a1-Tnap +/\u2212 ;Alpl \u2212/\u2212 ] cells.	SIGNOR-277045
P49711	Q9H2P0	0	relocalization	down-regulates activity	0.206	These results argue against the simultaneous binding of CTCF and ADNP to the same genomic loci. Instead, they support a model in which ADNP counteracts stable association of CTCF with DNA at over 15,000 binding sites in the mouse genome.	SIGNOR-266755
P18848	Q9BW92	1	transcriptional regulation	up-regulates quantity by expression	0.2	QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress.	SIGNOR-269428
P19419	P45983	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.512	However, both of these stimuli strongly activate two other mapks, jnk1 and jnk2, and stimulate elk-1 transcriptional activity and phosphorylation jnk phosphorylation sites include ser383 and ser389, the major residues whose phosphorylation is responsible for enhancement of elk-1 trascriptional activity.	SIGNOR-236432
Q99986	P15336	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.371	Vrk1 phosphorylates atf2 mainly on thr-73, stabilizing the atf2 protein and increasing its intracellular level.	SIGNOR-124330
P84022	O15194	0	dephosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.424	Dephosphorylation of Smad2/3 Linkers by SCP2 and SCP3\|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity	SIGNOR-248306
Q9UQR1	Q13315	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.36	Here we found that zbp-89 is phosphorylated by atm kinase in vitro and in vivo. Disruption of the atm phosphorylation motif (202)sq within the zinc finger domain of zbp-89 attenuated its ability to enhance p21(waf1) activation by butyrate. Moreover, disruption of the atm phosphorylation site abrogated the ability of zbp-89 to potentiate butyrate induction of endogenous p21(waf1) expression.	SIGNOR-155634
Q13464	Q9UPT6	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.332	Identification of rock1 as an upstream activator of the jip-3 to jnk signaling axis in response to uvb damage. phosphorylation of jip-3 by rock1 was crucial for the recruitment of jnk. Inhibition of the activity of rock1 in keratinocytes resulted in decreased activation of the jnk pathway and thus a reduction in apoptosis.	SIGNOR-134588
O15033	P49841	0	phosphorylation	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.316	These experiments suggested that GSK3beta phosphorylation of FIEL1 is required for PIAS4 targeting, and FIEL1 residues P779 and phosphorylated T783 are both required for PIAS4 interaction \|FIEL1 T783A mutant overexpression completely failed to decrease PIAS4 protein level.	SIGNOR-275528
P61978	P27361	0	phosphorylation	down-regulates	0.345	Erk phosphorylation drives cytoplasmic accumulation of hnrnp-k and inhibition of mrna translation mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (mapk/erk) efficiently phosphorylates hnrnp-k both in vitro and in vivo at serines 284 and 353.	SIGNOR-145375
Q01668	P43146	0	null	up-regulates activity	0.297	DCC activation by a netrin-1 gradient creates a high-level [Ca2+]i gradient by triggering LCC activity and by stimulating the cAMP–PKA pathway, which further activates LCC in the plasma membrane (PM) and Ca2+ channels in the ER.	SIGNOR-268292

P08575

O60674

1

dephosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.472

Src homology-2 (SH2) containing tyrosine phosphatase and CD45 tyrosine phosphatase play a major role in modulating JAK-STAT pathway. SH2 containing tyrosine phosphatases include SHP1 and SHP2 (shatterproof 1 & 2). Their SH2 domains allow attachment to the phospho-tyrosine residues present on activated receptors, JAKs or STAT proteins, leading to dephosphorylation of the substrates.

SIGNOR-255679

P42345

P15918

0

relocalization

up-regulates

0.256

Rag gtpases, together with a multi-protein complex called ragulator, mediate amino acid-mediated mtor recruitment to the lysosome surface where mtor becomes activated.

SIGNOR-198242

Q96EB6

P37231

1

transcriptional regulation

down-regulates quantity by repression

0.695

Interestingly, SIRT1 suppresses PPARγ but activates PGC-1α , and thus affects the clock network through multiple mechanisms.

SIGNOR-268032

Q9UI10

P20042

1

guanine nucleotide exchange factor

up-regulates activity

0.754

EIF2B converts the protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from an inactive GDP-bound form to an active eIF2-GTP complex owing to its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity.

SIGNOR-269132

P46531

P49757

0

ubiquitination

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.798

Mammalian numb proteins promote notch1 receptor ubiquitination and degradation of the notch1 intracellular domain

SIGNOR-99762

P12931

Q9UKA9

0

post transcriptional regulation

down-regulates quantity by repression

0.285

Splicing of the c-src N1 exon in neuronal cells depends in part on an intronic cluster of RNA regulatory elements called the downstream control sequence (DCS). |nPTB binds more stably to the DCS RNA than PTB does but is a weaker repressor of splicing in vitro. nPTB also greatly enhances the binding of two other proteins, hnRNP H and KSRP, to the DCS RNA.

SIGNOR-261267

P36897

Q01082

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.522

This suggests that, upon stimulation with tgf-beta1, phosphorylation of elf could induce a conformational change that reduces its affinity for ankyrin and tropomyosin and facilitates an association with smad3 and smad4 instead.

SIGNOR-97626

P42685

P38398

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates quantity by stabilization

0.2

Herein, we demonstrate that Fyn-related kinase (Frk)/Rak plays an important role in maintaining genomic stability, possibly in part through positively regulating BRCA1 protein stability and function via tyrosine phosphorylation on BRCA1 Tyr1552. Rak-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of BRCA1 is essential for its stability and function

SIGNOR-275454

P38936

Q92945

0

post transcriptional regulation

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.252

Importantly, KSRP knockdown in C2C12 GM cells (Figure 2D) stabilized endogenous my- ogenin and p21 transcripts (Figure 2E). Furthermore, stable knockdown of KSRP, using shRNA, induced the accumulation of p21 mRNA in C2C12 GM while it did not affect the expression of late myogenic markers (MHC and muscle-creatine kinase [MCK])

SIGNOR-235859

Q16236

P22830

1

transcriptional regulation

up-regulates quantity by expression

0.322

NFE2L2 is stabilized and translocates to the nucleus, where it dimerizes with sMAF proteins. This complex binds to AREs to mediate the transcription of genes involved in iron metabolism, GSH metabolism, and ROS detoxification.Two critical enzymes in this pathway, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 6 (ABCB6) and ferrochelatase (FECH), are regulated by the transcription factor NFE2L2 and play significant roles in inhibiting ferroptosis when upregulated.

SIGNOR-279865

Q14012

P49593

0

dephosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.461

Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase phosphatase (CaMKP) dephosphorylates and concomitantly deactivates multifunctional Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases , such as CaMKI, CaMKII, and CaMKIV.

SIGNOR-277111

P06400

P24941

0

phosphorylation

down-regulates

0.884

We demonstrate that phosphorylation by either cdk2-cyclin a, which phosphorylates t821, or cdk4-cyclin d1, which phosphorylates threonine 826, can disable prb for subsequent binding of an lxcxe protein.

SIGNOR-47895

P13288

Q14653

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.2

BGLF4 kinase interacts physically with and phosphorylates IRF3, which is the initial activator of transcription in the innate immune response. BGLF4 suppresses IRF3-dependent transcriptional activation. Data here suggest that Ser123, Ser173, and Thr180 contribute additively to the BGLF4-mediated repression of the IRF3 transactivation activity.

SIGNOR-266647

P00533

P61925

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.307

The difference in inhibitory potency between pki_ and pki_ has been attributed to the absence of a tyrosine residue (tyr7) in pki_ that is present in the nh2-terminal region of pki_. This suggests that the absence of a single amino acid residue can result in variations in how the catalytic subunit of camp-dependent protein kinase interacts with pki which ultimately can result in alterations in pki inhibitory potency.

SIGNOR-22455

Q5SGD2

O43318

1

dephosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.585

Co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that PP2Cepsilon associates stably with TAK1 and attenuates the binding of TAK1 to MKK4 or MKK6.|PP2Cepsilon dephosphorylated TAK1 in vitro.

SIGNOR-277114

P16220

P60484

0

dephosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.436

Our study demonstrates that PTEN can dephosphorylate CREB at Ser133 and that PTEN protein phosphatase activity is required for CREB dephosphoryation.|Moreover, we use both in vitro and in vivo experiments to show PTEN can dephosphorylate CREB in a phosphatase-dependent manner, suggesting that CREB is a substrate of PTEN nuclear phosphatase. Loss of Pten results in an elevated RNA level of multiple CREB transcriptional targets and increased cell proliferation, which can be reversed by a nonphosphorylatable CREB mutant or knockdown of CREB. These data reveal a mechanism for PTEN modulation of CREB-mediated gene transcription and cell growth.

SIGNOR-248543

O60829

Q86Z02

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.456

Here, we have identified homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 1 (HIPK1), also a component of the stress-response pathway, as a kinase that phosphorylates PAGE4 at T51 | We show that phosphorylation of PAGE4 is critical for its transcriptional activity since mutating this T residue abolishes its ability to potentiate c-Jun transactivation.

SIGNOR-260929

P31645

Q9UHD2

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.2

Taken together, our data suggest that TBK1 expression promotes the general cellular clearance mechanism of soluble HTT and prevents its accumulation and aggregation by enhancing autophagy.|This confirmed that TBK1 phosphorylated endogenous HTT at S13 (Fig XREF_FIG G and H).

SIGNOR-278384

Q14493

P33778

1

translation regulation

up-regulates quantity by expression

0.2

Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control.

SIGNOR-265385

Q05655

Q15080

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.355

P40(phox) is phosphorylated on threonine 154 and serine 315 during activation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Implication of a protein kinase c-type kinase in the phosphorylation process.

SIGNOR-249012

P06493

Q9BW19

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates quantity by stabilization

0.458

We confirmed that CDK1 phosphorylates Ser6 (Supplementary Fig S5B) and demonstrated that KIFC1 displays CDK1-mediated resistance to ubiquitination by the APC/C (Fig S5C).

SIGNOR-277294

Q04759

P29350

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.2

SHP-1 phosphorylation is mediated through PKC-θ. Here, we show that phosphorylation of SHP-1 in NK cells on the S591 residue by PKC-θ promotes the inhibited SHP-1 'folded' state. Silencing PKC-θ maintains SHP-1 in the active conformation, reduces NK cell activation and cytotoxicity, and promotes tumor progression in vivo.

SIGNOR-277590

P0C6X7-PRO_0000037311

Q13114

1

deubiquitination

down-regulates activity

0.2

Overexpressing PLPro of SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV significantly reduced the expression of IFN-Î² and proinflammatory cytokines in MDA5-stimulated 293T cells (83).Also, SARS-CoVPLPro catalyzed deubiquitination of TNF-receptor-associated factor3 (TRAF3) and TRAF6, thereby suppressing IFN-I and proinflammatory cytokines induced by TLR7 agonist (63). The deubiquitinating activity of SARS-CoV PLPro also suppressed a constitutively active phosphomimetic IRF3, suggesting its involvement in the postactivation signaling of IRF3

SIGNOR-260246

Q93008

Q16637

1

deubiquitination

up-regulates quantity by stabilization

0.28

Ubiquitin-specific Protease 9x Deubiquitinates and Stabilizes the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Protein-Survival Motor Neuron

SIGNOR-253113

P42345

Q9BY84

0

dephosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.274

MKP7 represses mTOR function.|These results suggest that MKP7 could directly dephosphorylate pmTOR and pPRAS40 and forming complexes with these two proteins ( xref ).

SIGNOR-277067

Q14289

Q05209

0

dephosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.544

Inhibition of the catalytic activity of cell adhesion kinase beta by protein-tyrosine phosphatase-pest-mediated dephosphorylation. / dephosphorylation of tyr402 and tyr579/580 by ptp-pest

SIGNOR-107502

P68400

P25490

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.286

More recently, we identified and mapped multiple phosphorylation sites in yy1, including, threonine 39, serine 118, serine 247, threonine 348 and threonine 378. The first kinase proven to phosphorylate yy1 in vivo was plk1, which phosphorylates threonine 39 during g2/m stage of the cell cycle [25]. Ck2_ is another kinase identified as constitutively phosphorylating yy1 at serine 118. This modification protects yy1 cleavage by caspase 7 during apoptosis

SIGNOR-200083

Q53QZ3

P63000

1

gtpase-activating protein

down-regulates activity

0.581

We therefore developed a screening-compatible live-cell imaging assay, using FRET-based biosensors for the prototype GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC4215,19,20 (Extended Data Fig. 2 and Supplementary Note 1)|We found catalytic activities for 45/75 RhoGEFs and 48/63 RhoGAPs| Our data thus not only reveal extensive promiscuity among regulators, but also that the inactivating RhoGAPs are less selective than the activating RhoGEFs (p-value=0.02)(Supplementary Table 2).

SIGNOR-260470

P04637

P62136

0

dephosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.314

Protein serine/threonine phosphatase-1 dephosphorylates p53 at Ser-15 and Ser-37 to modulate its transcriptional and apoptotic activities|In addition, our results reveal that one of the molecular mechanisms by which PP-1 promotes cell survival is to dephosphorylate p53, and thus negatively regulate p53-dependent death pathway.

SIGNOR-248557

P21453

Q9C0B5

0

palmitoylation

up-regulates activity

0.2

We propose that DHHC5-mediated palmitoylation of S1P1R determines Gi coupling and its signalling in a spatio/temporal manner.

SIGNOR-261140

P27361

Q9H9Z2

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.277

Here we show that Lin28a is directly phosphorylated by ERK1/2 kinases at Ser-200.

SIGNOR-277337

Q15262

Q9ULT6

1

dephosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.354

We show that PTPRK acts via the transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase ZNRF3, a negative regulator of Wnt signaling promoting Wnt receptor degradation, which is also expressed in the organizer.

SIGNOR-260110

Q9H2K8

Q13043

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.283

In addition, the thousand-and-one (tao) amino acids kinase or taok13 has been shown to directly phosphorylate and activate hpo or mst1/2

SIGNOR-192762

P06702

P17676

0

transcriptional regulation

up-regulates quantity by expression

0.2

Among several known transcription factor binding motifs, nuclear protein(s) of VD3-treated HL-60 cells and THP-1 cells bound to the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-binding motif that was located in the upstream region of the MRP14 gene (-81), as evidenced by the competitive gel mobility-shift assay.|Thus, it was concluded that C/EBP alpha and -beta were able to bind to the C/EBP motif, and that C/EBP alpha bound to the motif in THP-1 cells and C/EBP beta bound to that in the VD3-treated HL-60 cells.

SIGNOR-254044

Q05655

Q96C90

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.2

Recombinant tagged PHI-1 was phosphorylated by protein kinase C at two sites, one a Ser and one a Thr; phosphorylation enhanced inhibitory potency 50-fold.

SIGNOR-265739

P04626

Q05209

0

dephosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.619

In MDA-MB-231 cells, a human triple negative breast cancer cell line, phosphorylation of PTPN12 on Ser 19 was increased in response to cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and this impaired PTPN12 's ability to dephosphorylate HER2 on Y1196.|PTPN12 negatively regulates Her2, by dephosphorylation on Tyr 1196 on Her2.

SIGNOR-277038

Q16555

Q5TCY1

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.243

TTBK1 induces complex formation of pCRMP2 with pTau.|These data suggest that TTBK1-induced T514 CRMP2 phosphorylation is dependent on both S522 phosphorylation by Cdk5 and T555 phosphorylation by RhoK.

SIGNOR-279313

P31327

Q9NXA8

0

post translational modification

up-regulates activity

0.508

Glutarylation suppresses CPS1 activity, which is targeted by SIRT5 for removal|SIRT5 can catalyze the enzymatic removal of lysine glutarylation

SIGNOR-267643

P31749

Q9UHD2

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.407

Upon mitogen stimulation, triggering of the innate immune response, re-exposure to glucose, or oncogene activation, tbk1 is recruited to the exocyst, where it activates akt. Akt is a direct tbk1 substrate that connects tbk1 to prosurvival signaling.

SIGNOR-252608

O75676

P68400

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.281

Here we report that the CK2 protein kinase, which contributes to NF-kappaB activation following UV radiation in a p38-dependent manner, physically interacts with MSK2 but not MSK1 and that CK2 inhibition specifically impairs UV-induced MSK2 kinase activation. A putative site of CK2 phosphorylation was mapped to MSK2 residue Ser(324) and when substituted to alanine (S324A) also compromised MSK2 activity.Serine 324 is required for UV-induced MSK2 activation and for autophosphorylation at MSK2-Ser196.

SIGNOR-276268

P23409

Q06413

0

transcriptional regulation

up-regulates quantity by expression

0.565

Myogenin and MEF2 function synergistically to activate the MRF4 promoter during myogenesis.

SIGNOR-238652

Q13618

P46821

1

ubiquitination

down-regulates quantity

0.254

Gigaxonin is the substrate-specific adaptor for a new Cul3-E3-ubiquitin ligase family that promotes the proteasome dependent degradation of its partners MAP1B, MAP8 and tubulin cofactor B.

SIGNOR-268946

Q08050

P45974

0

deubiquitination

up-regulates quantity by stabilization

0.351

Wnt signaling activation inhibits FoxM1 phosphorylation by GSK3-Axin complex and leads to interaction between FoxM1 and deubiquitinating enzyme USP5, thereby deubiquitination and stabilization of FoxM1.

SIGNOR-277210

Q99418

P17252

0

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.307

ARNO is phosphorylated in vivo by PKC on a single serine residue, S392, located within the carboxy-terminal polybasic domain. Mutation of S392 to alanine does not prevent ARNO-mediated actin rearrangements, suggesting that phosphorylation does not lead to ARNO activation [6]. Here, we report that phosphorylation negatively regulates ARNO exchange activity through a 'PH domain electrostatic switch'.

SIGNOR-249023

P00533

Q13191

0

polyubiquitination

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.76

Here we describe that overexpression of cbl-b, a homologue of the c-cbl protooncogene, inhibits EGFR-induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. Overexpression of cbl-b results in a shortened duration of EGFR activation upon EGF stimulation. This is demonstrated by decreased amounts of phosphorylated EGFR as well as by inhibition of multiple downstream signaling pathways. The inhibition of signaling by cbl-b results from increased ubiquitination and degradation of the activated EGFR.

SIGNOR-272934

P45973

P68400

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.368

Hp1_ was multiply phosphorylated at n-terminal serine residues (s11-14) in human and mouse cells and that this phosphorylation enhanced hp1_'s affinity for h3k9me. Unphosphorylatable mutant hp1_ exhibited severe heterochromatin localization defects in vivo, and its prolonged expression led to increased chromosomal instability.

SIGNOR-171707

P67775

Q14653

1

dephosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.314

RACK1 Negatively Regulates the Type I IFN pathway. Here we report that IRF3 is deactivated via dephosphorylation mediated by the serine and threonine phosphatase PP2A and its adaptor protein RACK1. The PP2A-RACK1 complex negatively regulated the IRF3 pathway after LPS or poly(I:C) stimulation or Sendai virus (SeV) infection.

SIGNOR-260944

Q9H2G9

O95271

0

ADP-ribosylation

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.351

Here, we identify RNF146, a RING-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a positive regulator of Wnt signalling. RNF146 promotes Wnt signalling by mediating tankyrase-dependent degradation of axin. Mechanistically, RNF146 directly interacts with poly(ADP-ribose) through its WWE domain, and promotes degradation of PARsylated proteins. Using proteomics approaches, we have identified BLZF1 and CASC3 as further substrates targeted by tankyrase and RNF146 for degradation.

SIGNOR-263385

P05771

P19484

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.33

This occurs following PKCβ phosphorylation of TFEB on three serine residues located in its last 15 amino acids. This post-translational modification stabilizes and increases the activity of this transcription factor.

SIGNOR-255315

Q92630

Q9UHD2

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.413

We further found that DYRK2 phosphorylated Ser527 of TBK1, which is essential for the recruitment of NLRP4 and for the E3 ubiquitin ligase DTX4 to degrade TBK1.

SIGNOR-276939

Q9H2X6

P06276

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates quantity

0.2

As shown in XREF_FIG, HIPK2 overexpression strongly reduced Myc-Che-1 levels, whereas it produced little effect on Che-1 T144A expression.|Notably, we found that HIPK2 phosphorylates a specific residue of Che-1, which is required for its interaction with Pin1 and for its degradation through the proteasome pathway.

SIGNOR-279190

Q00535

P50406

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.374

Cdk5 phosphorylates the 5-HT6R on serine 350 (Ser350)|This suggests that the 5-HT6R is unable to interact with GPRIN1 when it is phosphorylated by Cdk5.

SIGNOR-264407

Q9NY33

P01019-PRO_0000032458

1

cleavage

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.2

Human dipeptidyl-peptidase III (hDPP III) is capable of specifically cleaving dipeptides from the N-terminal of small peptides with biological activity such as angiotensin II (Ang II, DRVYIHPF), and participates in blood pressure regulation, pain modulation, and the development of cancers in human biological activities. The binding of Ang II to hDPP III may lead to changes in the shape and size of subsite S1, an important catalytic site, so as to promote the decomposition of the substrate.

SIGNOR-268463

Q9P2J5

P18848

0

transcriptional regulation

up-regulates quantity by expression

0.2

QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress.

SIGNOR-269420

Q13315

P18846

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.359

Exposure to DNA damage further induced ATF1 phosphorylation on Ser-51 by ATM in a manner that required prior phosphorylation of the upstream CK residues.

SIGNOR-278909

O75925

Q9UPW6

1

sumoylation

down-regulates activity

0.583

We found that SATB2 differs from the closely related thymocyte-specific protein SATB1 by modifications of two lysines with the small ubiquitive related modifier (SUMO), which are augmented specifically by the SUMO E3 ligase PIAS1.

SIGNOR-269112

P05198

Q9P2K8

0

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.914

Translation initiation factor 2α [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α)] kinase phosphorylates serine51 (Ser51) of eIF2α and downregulates cellular protein synthesis.

SIGNOR-246157

P22694

Q92917

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.307

Using yeast two-hybrid screening with the PKA Cβ2 subunit as bait we identified GPKOW, also known as MOS2 homolog or T54 protein, as an interaction partner for Cβ2.PKA phosphorylates GPKOW at S27 and T316 in vitro. GPKOWs ability to bind RNA is sensitive to mutations of its PKA phosphorylation sites.

SIGNOR-266298

P61006

O43318

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.252

In a screen for Rab8A kinases we identify TAK1 and MST3 kinases that can efficiently phosphorylate the Switch II residue Threonine72 (Thr72) in a similar manner as LRRK2 in vitro. |Overall our data suggests that the phosphorylation of Rab8A at Ser111 may influence Switch II-binding by regulators, thus disrupting interactions with its cognate GEF and moderately impairs its interaction with GAPs.|The antagonistic interplay between Ser111 phosphorylation and Thr72 phosphorylation is genetically concordant with how respective mutations in PINK1 and LRRK2 cause Parkinson’s disease

SIGNOR-260266

P12931

O43597

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.565

Activation of signalling by fibroblast growth factor receptor leads to phosphorylation of the signalling attenuator human sprouty 2 (hspry2) on residue y55. we show that hspry2 is a direct substrate for src family kinases, including src itself.Phosphorylation of hspry2 is required for hspry2 to inhibit activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway.

SIGNOR-131189

O15534

Q9UKB1

0

ubiquitination

down-regulates

0.493

We have found that per1 interacts with both _-trcp1 and _-trcp2 in a manner that depends on casein kinase 1 activity, and depletion of both _-trcp1 and _-trcp2 by rnai leads to dramatic stabilization of per1

SIGNOR-137758

Q13131

P13569

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.493

AMPK phosphorylates CFTR¬†in vitro¬†at two essential serines (Ser737and Ser768) in the R domain, formerly identified as "inhibitory" PKA sites.|Interestingly two of these sites, namely Ser737 and Ser768, have been identified as “inhibitory” R domain sites, i.e. when mutated to alanines they augment the open probability of CFTR relative to wild type|Our present results suggest that it might be AMPK rather than PKA that is phosphorylating Ser737 and Ser768 under baseline conditions

SIGNOR-259858

Q99956

Q16539

1

dephosphorylation

down-regulates

0.701

These properties define the ability of this enzyme to dephosphorylate and inactivate erk1/2 and p38a, but not jnk (c-jun n-terminal kinase) in vivo.

SIGNOR-87150

Q8NEB9

P31749

1

relocalization

up-regulates

0.434

One of the best characterized targets of pi3k lipid products is the protein kinase akt or protein kinase b (pkb). In quiescent cells, pkb resides in the cytosol in a low-activity conformation. Upon cellular stimulation, pkb is activated through recruitment to cellular membranes by pi3k lipid products and phosphorylation by 3h-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (pdk1).

SIGNOR-252632

P31751

Q13418

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.615

ILK mediated activation of Akt2 is required for Tbeta4 inducible expression of MMP-2 and EC motility.|Our experiments suggest that ILK phosphorylates Akt2 at Ser474, that Akt2 is a better substrate than Akt1, and that a post-translational modification to ILK is required for its activity.

SIGNOR-279055

P16591

P52565

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.2

Fer interferes with binding of RhoGDI\u03b1 and Rac. (A) GST-RhoGDI\u03b1 was pre-incubated with Rac, after which GST-Fer (G-Fer) or GST (G) was added and GST fusion proteins were pulled down with glutathione agarose, followed by kinase reactions. (B) GST-RhoGDI\u03b1 was pre-incubated with GST-Fer or GST in kinase buffer, after which Rac was added and RhoGDI\u03b1 was immunoprecipitated. 50 pmol of RhoGDI\u03b1 and Rac1, with 25 pmol of GST and GST-Fer were used.|These results identify tyrosine phosphorylation of RhoGDIalpha by Fer as a mechanism to regulate binding of RhoGDIalpha to Rac.

SIGNOR-279042

Q15759

O60381

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.428

A mutation of the p38 map kinase phosphorylation site at aa 401 [(s-a)401hbp1] also triggered hbp1 protein instability. While protein stability was compromised by mutation, the specific activities of (s-a)401hbp1 and of wild-type hbp1 appeared comparable for transcriptional repression.

SIGNOR-119134

Q12772

O43462

0

cleavage

up-regulates activity

0.673

In order to activate transcription, the NH2-terminal domain of the SREBP must be released from the membrane so that it can enter the nucleus. This release has been studied most extensively for one of the SREBPs, namely, SREBP-2. However, the mechanism appears to be similar for the other SREBPs (SREBP-1a and -1c) (1). Release of the NH2-terminal domain is accomplished by a two-step proteolytic event that is regulated by sterols (3). In sterol-depleted mammalian cells, this proteolysis is initiated by the Site-1 protease (S1P), which cleaves human SREBP-2 between the Leu522-Ser523 bond in the sequence RSVL S (4). This cleavage requires formation of a complex between SREBP and SCAP, a polytopic membrane protein of the ER, and it is prevented when this complex is disrupted

SIGNOR-267498

Q13418

O14950

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.314

Integrin-linked kinase cdna was cloned, sequenced, expressed in e. coli, and shown to phosphorylate myosin light chain in the absence of ca(2+) at ser(19) and thr(18). Smooth muscle contraction follows an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration, activation of myosin light chain kinase, and phosphorylation of the 20-kDa light chain of myosin at Ser(19).Smooth muscle contraction follows an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration, activa

SIGNOR-106427

P05129

Q13224

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.399

These results indicate that PKC can directly phosphorylate S1303 and S1323 in the NR2B C terminus, leading to enhanced currents through NMDA receptor channels.

SIGNOR-249085

P11137

P17612

0

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.36

CAMP-dependent protein kinase activity disrupts the MAP2-microtubule interaction in living HeLa cells. S319, S350, and S382 were thus identified as preferred targets of PKA

SIGNOR-250003

Q8WY64

Q14114

1

ubiquitination

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.444

Here we demonstrate that Idol also targets two closely related LDLR family members, VLDLR and ApoE receptor 2 (ApoER2), proteins implicated in both neuronal development and lipid metabolism. Idol triggers ubiquitination of the VLDLR and ApoER2 on their cytoplasmic tails, leading to their degradation.

SIGNOR-271486

O14965

Q9NRM7

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.38

On the basis of these observations, we conclude that s83 of lats2 is a phosphorylation target of aurora-a and this phosphorylation plays a role of the centrosomal localization of lats2.

SIGNOR-124830

P15374

Q06609

1

deubiquitination

up-regulates activity

0.325

Here we report that ubiquitination of RAD51 hinders RAD51-BRCA2 interaction, while deubiquitination of RAD51 facilitates RAD51-BRCA2 binding and RAD51 recruitment and thus is critical for proper HR. | UCHL3, in turn, deubiquitinates RAD51 and promotes the binding between RAD51 and BRCA2.|Our results suggested that three lysine sites (56, 57, and 63) on RAD51 that are close to E59 are deubiquitinated by UCHL3.

SIGNOR-275908

P04637

O14757

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.78

Phosphorylation by chk1 of at least three of these sites, Ser366, Ser378, and Thr387, was induced by DNA damage.

SIGNOR-217861

Q06203

P01106

0

transcriptional regulation

up-regulates quantity by expression

0.2

PPAT, catalyzing the first step of purine synthesis, and DHODH, an enzyme generating uridine in the middle of the pyrimidine synthesis pathway, were validated as direct c-MYC target genes by all criteria.

SIGNOR-267381

P56524

Q13557

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.358

These results demonstrate that camkiideltab preferentially targets hdac4, and this involves serine 210overexpression of camkiideltab in primary neonatal cardiomyocytes increases the activity of the mef2 transcription factor and completely rescues hdac4-mediated repression of mef2

SIGNOR-151418

P51956

O95721

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.2

In the present study, we show that NEK3 (NIMA-never in mitosis gene A-related kinase 3)-mediated serine 105 (S105) phosphorylation of SNAP29 directs its membrane association, without which cells present defective focal adhesion formation, impaired Golgi structure and attenuated cellular recycling. Our results highlight the importance of NEK3-mediated S105 phosphorylation of SNAP29 for its membrane localization and for membrane fusion dependent processes.

SIGNOR-273708

Q04760

P54756

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.2

We show that Glo1 activity is promoted by phosphorylation on Tyrosine 136 via multiple kinases. Glo1 Y136 is phosphorylated by multiple different kinases including all members of the Src family. Depletion of multiple different kinases led to a partial reduction in Glo1(Y136) phosphorylation. These included members of the Src family (Src, Yes1, FGR, and the related Abl1), and of the FAK, EPHA, FGFR, and VEGFR families (Figure 2B), suggesting phosphorylation of Glo1 on Y136 by multiple different kinases. In vitro kinase assays revealed that all the members of the Src family, as well as Epha5 and VEGFR3, can efficiently phosphorylate recombinant Glo1 on Y136 (Figure 2C–D).

SIGNOR-276183

O14672

Q14576

0

post transcriptional regulation

up-regulates quantity

0.2

Neuronal ELAV (nELAV) proteins are RNA-binding proteins which play a physiological role in controlling gene expression in memory formation, and their alteration may contribute to cognitive impairment associated with neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The experiments show for the first time that ADAM10mRNA represents a nELAV target and that these RNA-binding proteins can play a role in the post-transcriptional regulation of ADAM10 expression. nELAV proteins specifically bind the ADAM10 mRNA and this binding is disrupted following Aβ exposure

SIGNOR-266864

O15550

P20719

1

transcriptional regulation

up-regulates quantity by expression

0.27

Evidence for direct involvement of UTX in regulation of HOX gene activity was demonstrated through UTX knockdown experiments in HEK293T cells in which loss of UTX induced transcriptional repression of HOXA and HOXC clusters.

SIGNOR-260023

Q99877

Q14493

0

translation regulation

up-regulates quantity by expression

0.2

Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control.

SIGNOR-265392

Q96KB5

P81274

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.27

We found that the 450th threonine (thr450) of lgn/gpsm2 was phosphorylated by the serine/threonine kinase pbk/topk during mitosis. Western blot analysis indicated the highest expression and the phosphorylated form of lgn/gpsm2 protein in g2/m phase.

SIGNOR-166461

P17612

Q9UBL0

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.2

The specificity of antibody G534 was examined using recombinant full-length rat ARPP-21 phosphorylated by PKA. Radiolabeled ARPP-21 from a reaction containing [γ32P]ATP correlated with the detection of phospho-Ser55-ARPP-21 by immunoblotting (Fig. 1A, left and middle panels).

SIGNOR-263107

P07711

P02818

1

cleavage

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.2

This study has been undertaken to compare the degradation of BGP by the cysteine proteinases cathepsins L, B, H, S, and the aspartic proteinase cathepsin D. Cathepsins B, L, H, and S readily cleave BGP at the G7-A8 bond; cathepsin L also cleaves at R43-R44; cathepsin B also cleaves at R44-F45; and cathepsin D cleaves only at A41-Y42.

SIGNOR-256322

P10636-2

P41743

0

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.265

We have studied the relationship between the phosphorylation oftau by several kinases (MARK, PKA, MAPK, GSK3) and its assembly into PHFs. By contrast, MARK and PKA phosphorylate several sites within the repeats (notably theKXGS motifs including Ser262, Ser324, and Ser356, plus Ser320); in addition PKA phosphorylates somesites in the flanking domains, notably Ser214. This type of phosphorylation strongly reduces tau’s affinityfor microtubules, and at the same time inhibits tau’s assembly into PHFs.

SIGNOR-275446

P25963

Q9Y6K9

0

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.848

IκB components are phosphorylated on two amino-terminal serine residues by the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, composed of two catalytic proteins, IKKα and IKKβ, and the regulatory subunit IKKγ (NEMO, IKBKG). This modification targets IκB for degradation by the proteasome, allowing the release and nuclear translocation of NF-κB.

SIGNOR-280462

Q9NYV6

P27361

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.2

Erk-dependent phosphorylation of the transcription initiation factor tif-ia is required for rna polymerase i transcription and cell growth. phosphopeptide mapping and mutational analysis reveals two serine residues (s633 and s649) that are phosphorylated by erk and rsk kinases. Replacement of s649 by alanine inactivates tif-ia, inhibits pre-rrna synthesis, and retards cell growth.

SIGNOR-98984

Q9UQM7

Q00975

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates

0.317

Here, we report a direct modulation of ca(v)2.2 channel inactivation properties by 14-3-3, a family of signaling proteins involved in a wide range of biological processes.Wild-type gst fusion proteins containing the putative 14-3-3-binding motif (aa 2076__?2140) werein vitro phosphorylated at s2126 by either camkii or pka, as detected by thesequence- and phosphorylation-specific antibody, anti-ps2126 (middle panel). Phosphorylation of s2126 significantly increases its binding to recombinant 14-3-3?

SIGNOR-149684

P10451

P05186

0

dephosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.442

This result suggests that endogenous mouse TNAP dephosphorylates OPN in osteoblasts and that overexpressed human TNAP dephosphorylates OPN, compensating for the lack of endogenous TNAP in [Col1a1-Tnap +/\u2212 ;Alpl \u2212/\u2212 ] cells.

SIGNOR-277045

P49711

Q9H2P0

0

relocalization

down-regulates activity

0.206

These results argue against the simultaneous binding of CTCF and ADNP to the same genomic loci. Instead, they support a model in which ADNP counteracts stable association of CTCF with DNA at over 15,000 binding sites in the mouse genome.

SIGNOR-266755

P18848

Q9BW92

1

transcriptional regulation

up-regulates quantity by expression

0.2

QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress.

SIGNOR-269428

P19419

P45983

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.512

However, both of these stimuli strongly activate two other mapks, jnk1 and jnk2, and stimulate elk-1 transcriptional activity and phosphorylation jnk phosphorylation sites include ser383 and ser389, the major residues whose phosphorylation is responsible for enhancement of elk-1 trascriptional activity.

SIGNOR-236432

Q99986

P15336

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.371

Vrk1 phosphorylates atf2 mainly on thr-73, stabilizing the atf2 protein and increasing its intracellular level.

SIGNOR-124330

P84022

O15194

0

dephosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.424

Dephosphorylation of Smad2/3 Linkers by SCP2 and SCP3|MAPK-mediated linker phosphorylation appears to have a dual role in Smad2/3 regulation. Mitogens and hyperactive Ras result in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3 at Ser-204, Ser-208, and Thr-179 and of Smad2 at Ser-245/250/255 and Thr-220. Mutation of these sites increases the ability of Smad3 to activate target genes, suggesting that MAPK phosphorylation of Smad3 is inhibitory (11, 12). However, in contrast, ERK-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2 at Thr-8 enhances its transcriptional activity

SIGNOR-248306

Q9UQR1

Q13315

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.36

Here we found that zbp-89 is phosphorylated by atm kinase in vitro and in vivo. Disruption of the atm phosphorylation motif (202)sq within the zinc finger domain of zbp-89 attenuated its ability to enhance p21(waf1) activation by butyrate. Moreover, disruption of the atm phosphorylation site abrogated the ability of zbp-89 to potentiate butyrate induction of endogenous p21(waf1) expression.

SIGNOR-155634

Q13464

Q9UPT6

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.332

Identification of rock1 as an upstream activator of the jip-3 to jnk signaling axis in response to uvb damage. phosphorylation of jip-3 by rock1 was crucial for the recruitment of jnk. Inhibition of the activity of rock1 in keratinocytes resulted in decreased activation of the jnk pathway and thus a reduction in apoptosis.

SIGNOR-134588

O15033

P49841

0

phosphorylation

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.316

These experiments suggested that GSK3beta phosphorylation of FIEL1 is required for PIAS4 targeting, and FIEL1 residues P779 and phosphorylated T783 are both required for PIAS4 interaction |FIEL1 T783A mutant overexpression completely failed to decrease PIAS4 protein level.

SIGNOR-275528

P61978

P27361

0

phosphorylation

down-regulates

0.345

Erk phosphorylation drives cytoplasmic accumulation of hnrnp-k and inhibition of mrna translation mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (mapk/erk) efficiently phosphorylates hnrnp-k both in vitro and in vivo at serines 284 and 353.

SIGNOR-145375

Q01668

P43146

0

null

up-regulates activity

0.297

DCC activation by a netrin-1 gradient creates a high-level [Ca2+]i gradient by triggering LCC activity and by stimulating the cAMP–PKA pathway, which further activates LCC in the plasma membrane (PM) and Ca2+ channels in the ER.

SIGNOR-268292