GleghornLab/Signor_2class · Datasets at Hugging Face

IdA string	IdB string	labels int64	mechanism string	effect string	score float64	sentence string	signor_id string
P18848	P41252	1	transcriptional regulation	up-regulates quantity by expression	0.2	QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress.	SIGNOR-269427
O14965	P12931	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.309	We report here that Src phosphorylates and activates AURA at T288, and AURA also activates focal adhesion kinase (FAK, also known as PTK2), leading to initiation of cell movement.	SIGNOR-279286
O15105	P84022	1	transcriptional regulation	down-regulates quantity	0.613	The downstream molecules including mad2, smad3, smad4 and smad7 are involved in TGF-β1-induced EMT,while Smad7 blocks the smad3 expression	SIGNOR-260437
P17275	P45983	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.719	JunB-control of IL-4 expression is mediated by the phosphorylation of JunB at Thr102 and -104 by JNK MAP kinase. The synergy between c-Maf and JunB can be attributed to cooperative DNA binding, which is facilitated by JunB phosphorylation.	SIGNOR-250120
P63244	P12931	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.2	We found that rack1 is a src substrate. Moreover, src activity is necessary for both the tyrosine phosphorylation of rack1 and the binding of rack1 to src's sh2 domain that occur following pkc activation. To identify the tyrosine(s) on rack1 that is phosphorylated by src, we generated and tested a series of rack1 mutants. We found that src phosphorylates rack1 on tyr 228 and/or tyr 246	SIGNOR-94800
Q9Y5J3	P46531	0	transcriptional regulation	up-regulates quantity by expression	0.774	These data establish that HERP2 is a novel primary target gene of Notch that, together with HES, may effect diverse biological activities of Notch	SIGNOR-235397
P23470	P04626	1	dephosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.289	PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity.	SIGNOR-254701
P10242	P27361	0	phosphorylation	down-regulates	0.301	Functional analysis of phosphorylation at serine 532 of human c-myb by map kinase. expression of a polypeptide containing the c-myb c-terminal domain stimulated c-myb activity. This effect is reduced upon mapk-dependent phosphorylation of serine 532. Our data suggest that the mapk-dependent state of phosphorylation modifies the cellular function of c-myb by modulating its interaction with a putative inhibitory factor	SIGNOR-45348
P08670	P05771	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates quantity	0.2	PKCbeta induces vimentin phosphorylation in MCP-1-activated human monocytes.	SIGNOR-278984
P55085	P07384	0	cleavage	down-regulates activity	0.298	PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases \| The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II\|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.\|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3	SIGNOR-263580
Q16659	Q05923	0	dephosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.376	DUSP2 can dephosphorylate both ERK3 and ERK4 when expressed in mammalian cells.\|Finally, we demonstrate that DUSP2 inhibits ERK3 and ERK4 mediated activation of MK5.	SIGNOR-277069
Q14653	Q9Y6W6	0	dephosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.2	The inactivation of IRF3 by MKP5 is dependent on MKP5 phosphatase activity or its binding to IRF3.\|This is confirmed since MKP5 phosphatasedeficient mutant is unable to dephosphorylate IRF3 and MKP5 mutant lacking IRF3 binding motifs fails to suppress IRF3 nuclear translocation upon virus infection.	SIGNOR-277146
P68400	Q13547	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.62	Human hdac1 protein was analyzed by ion trap mass spectrometry, and two phosphorylated serine residues, ser(421) and ser(423), were unambiguously identified. Loss of phosphorylation at ser(421) and ser(423) due to mutation to alanine or disruption of the casein kinase 2 consensus sequence directing phosphorylation reduced the enzymatic activity and complex formation of hdac1.	SIGNOR-111015
P49841	P17275	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.2	Thus, JunB phosphorylation at S251 and T255 by GSK3β is primed by phosphorylation at S259 by a yet to-be-identified kinase.Phosphorylation at S251, T255 and S259 is required for JunB degradation.	SIGNOR-276417
Q2TAL8	P41250	1	transcriptional regulation	up-regulates quantity by expression	0.2	QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress.	SIGNOR-269405
Q92911	P16220	0	transcriptional regulation	up-regulates quantity by expression	0.267	CREB recognized and bound to the promoter of SLC5A5 to facilitate its transcription.	SIGNOR-267137
Q9Y243	Q13188	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates	0.271	Akt phosphorylates mst2 at thr117 in vitro and in vivo, which leads to mst2 cleavage and kinase activity as well as nuclear translocation.	SIGNOR-164306
Q96D59	O14763	1	polyubiquitination	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.2	RNF183 mediated K63-linked ubiquitination and lysosomal degradation of DR5.	SIGNOR-272212
P43405	P68366	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.33	Syk, Activated by Cross-linking the B-cell Antigen Receptor, Localizes to the Cytosol Where It Interacts with and Phosphorylates alpha-Tubulin on Tyrosine	SIGNOR-246626
P04626	P30530	0	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.316	Blockade of Axl function abrogated phosphorylation of ERBB2 (Her-2 and neu) at the Tyr877 residue, indicative of receptor crosstalk.\|We have demonstrated that either pharmacological or genetic inhibition of Axl function abrogates phosphorylation of ERBB2 at the critical Tyr877 residue and sensitizes OE33 cells to lapatinib in vitro.	SIGNOR-280193
Q13492	Q9BSJ6	0	relocalization	down-regulates	0.2	The cats interaction domain of calm was mapped to aa 221-335 of calm. This domain is contained in the calm/af10 fusion protein. Cats localizes to the nucleus and shows a preference for nucleoli. Expression of cats was able to markedly increase the nuclear localization of calm and of the leukemogenic fusion protein calm/af10.	SIGNOR-144680
P42224	P35228	1	transcriptional regulation	up-regulates quantity by expression	0.428	STAT1 binds as a homodimer to cis elements known as gammaactivated sequences in the promoters of the genes encoding NOS2, the MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) and IL-12, among others.	SIGNOR-249497
Q16236	Q9NP59	1	transcriptional regulation	up-regulates quantity by expression	0.257	NFE2L2 is stabilized and translocates to the nucleus, where it dimerizes with sMAF proteins. This complex binds to AREs to mediate the transcription of genes involved in iron metabolism, GSH metabolism, and ROS detoxification. SLC40A1 is a target gene of NFE2L2, with a putative ARE identified approximately -7 kb upstream of the SLC40A1 core promoter.	SIGNOR-279863
Q02078	Q86X55	0	methylation	up-regulates	0.387	The first evidence alluding to a role of PRMTs in mediating skeletal muscle plasticity, specifically myogenesis, arose from the identification of CARM1 as a glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) binding protein. (Chen et al., 2000). Here, GRIP1 and MEF2 were co-expressed in the nucleus during skeletal muscle differentiation. These initial findings led to an investigation that revealed that this methyltransferase was responsible for coactivating the transcription of myocyte enhancer factor-2C (MEF2C) via GRIP1	SIGNOR-255964
Q12959	P43403	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.53	Immunoblot analysis showed that phosphorylation of the activating ZAP70 kinase domain residue Tyr 493 was decreased in the DLG1 KD cells. Similarly, the Tyr 319 residue of ZAP70 and Tyr 83 residue of TCR- ζ also showed reduced phosphorylation.	SIGNOR-274142
Q8TEB7	Q01151	1	polyubiquitination	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.352	In this study, we show that GRAIL can down-modulate the expression of CD83 (previously described as a cell surface marker for mature dendritic cells) on CD4 T cells. GRAIL-mediated down-modulation of CD83 is dependent on an intact GRAIL extracellular protease-associated domain and an enzymatically active cytosolic RING domain, and proceeds via the ubiquitin-dependent 26S proteosome pathway. Ubiquitin modification of lysine residues K168 and K183, but not K192, in the cytoplasmic domain of CD83 was shown to be necessary for GRAIL-mediated degradation of CD83.	SIGNOR-271850
P43405	P16885	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.753	Syk in turn phosphorylates and activates the B cell linker protein (BLNK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phospholipase C\u03b32 (PLC\u03b32).\|Syk in turn phosphorylates and activates the B cell linker protein (BLNK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phospholipase Cgamma2 (PLCgamma2).	SIGNOR-278995
P20042	Q9GZT9	1	translation regulation	up-regulates quantity	0.2	DAP5 is involved in PHD2 translation. Distinct responses to DAP5 depletion (under hypoxia) of primary MEFs versus malignant glioma cells suggest that DAP5-mediated control of PHD2 may have special significance in cancer. Neoplastic cells may exploit DAP5 for managing chronic oxygen deprivation, possibly contributing to their adaptation to growth/proliferation under hypoxia.	SIGNOR-266386
P48729	O15151	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.371	Previous studies showed that casein kinase 1? (ck1?) Stably associates with mdmx, stimulates mdmx-p53 binding, and cooperates with mdmx to inactivate p53ck1? Binding to the mdmx central domain and phosphorylation of s289 disrupts the intramolecular interaction, allowing the n terminus to bind p53 with increased affinity. After dna damage, the mdmx-ck1? Complex is disrupted by chk2-mediated phosphorylation of mdmx at s367, leading to reduced mdmx-p53 binding.	SIGNOR-199015
O15350	P06493	0	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.556	Cyclin-dependent kinases phosphorylate p73 at threonine 86 in a cell cycle-dependent manner and negatively regulate p73.Furthermore, cyclin a/cdk1/2, cyclin b/cdk1/2, and cyclin e/cdk2 complexes can phosphorylate multiple p73 isoforms in vitro at threonine 86.	SIGNOR-99742
Q00987	Q96GD0	0	dephosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.2	Considering the roles of NF2 in actin dynamics and Mdm2 regulation - , , , it is noteworthy to elucidate whether interaction of PLPP and CIN with NF2 modulates actin dynamics and Mdm2 degradation in neuronal excitability.\|Recently, we have reported that PLPP and CIN dephosphorylates Mdm2 at S166 site in activity dependent manners, which inhibits Mdm2 mediated PSD95 degradation by facilitating Mdm2 ubiquitination 38.	SIGNOR-277151
P0CG48	Q9BXM7	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.604	Ubiquitin is phosphorylated by PINK1 to activate parkin\|PINK1 phosphorylated ubiquitin at Ser65 both in vitro and in cells	SIGNOR-249691
Q86YJ5	O60486	1	ubiquitination	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.2	MARCH9, a member of the RING-CH family of transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases, down-regulates CD4, major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC), and ICAM-1 in lymphoid cells. To identify novel MARCH9 substrates, we used high throughput flow cytometry and quantitative mass spectrometry by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to determine the differential expression of plasma membrane proteins in a MARCH9-expressing B cell line. This combined approach identified 13 potential new MARCH9 targets.	SIGNOR-271532
P42685	P00533	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.409	Furthermore, Rak/Frk inhibited mutant EGFR phosphorylation at an activating site and dramatically decreased the levels of EGFR\u0394747-749/A750P from the plasma membrane.\|Taken together, the results suggest that Rak and Frk inhibits EGFR signaling in cancer cells and has elevated activity against EGFR exon 19 mutants.	SIGNOR-279177
O75469	P24941	0	phosphorylation	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.372	PXR Phosphorylation at S350 by CDK2 Triggers PXR Degradation via the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway.	SIGNOR-279397
P0DPK2	Q14493	0	translation regulation	up-regulates quantity by expression	0.2	Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA\|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control.	SIGNOR-265419
Q14164	O95644	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.2	Phosphorylation of NFATC1 at PIM1 target sites is essential for its ability to promote prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. Here we have identified ten PIM1 target sites in NFATC1 and found that prevention of their phosphorylation significantly decreases the transcriptional activity as well as the pro-migratory and pro-invasive effects of NFATC1 in prostate cancer cells.	SIGNOR-276778
P68431	O15550	0	demethylation	down-regulates activity	0.2	Ubiquitously Transcribed Tetratricopeptide Repeat on chromosome X (UTX) and Jumonji D3 (JMJD3) as novel histone demethylases that catalyze the removal of di- and trimethyl groups on histone H3 lysine 27, thereby promoting target gene activation.	SIGNOR-260017
P04049	P30304	0	dephosphorylation	down-regulates	0.395	Cdc25a can act on substrates other than cdks, since it dephosphorylates the homeodomain transcription factor cut and interacts with and dephosphorylates the proto-oncogene raf-1, resulting in a significant decrease in raf-1 kinase activity	SIGNOR-32548
P49841	P19544	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.284	Glycogen synthase kinase 3β promoted phosphorylation of cugWT1 at S64, resulting in ubiquitination and degradation of the cugWT1 associated with the F-box-/- WD repeat-containing protein 8.	SIGNOR-277540
Q04206	P35813	0	dephosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.353	23 Here we show that PPM1A directly dephosphorylated RelA at S536 and S276, with resultant inhibition of NF-kappaB transactivation and decreased expression of target genes, notably including MCP-1 and CCL2.\|Taken together, these data suggest that dephosphorylation of S276 by PPM1A may contribute to inhibit RelA transcriptional activity, but the majority of PPM1A activity to inhibit RelA transcription relies on dephos phorylation of S536 of RelA.\|We show that PPM1A directly dephosphorylated RelA at residues S536 and S276 and selectively inhibited Nuclear factor-\u03baB transcriptional activity, resulting in decreased expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 and interleukin-6, cytokines implicated in cancer metastasis.	SIGNOR-276963
P06241	O15117	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.2	two tyrosines, Tyr595 and Tyr651, of FYB are major sites of phosphorylation by FYN-T and mediate binding to SLP-76 in Jurkat T cells. We further demonstrate that the loss of SLP-76 binding by mutation of these sites markedly reduced the ability of FYN-T-FYB-SLP-76 to up-regulate IL-2 transcription.	SIGNOR-251163
P00441	Q9NX47	0	ubiquitination	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.2	Mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase MITOL ubiquitinates mutant SOD1 and attenuates mutant SOD1-induced reactive oxygen species generation	SIGNOR-272982
P0C0S8	Q14493	0	translation regulation	up-regulates quantity by expression	0.2	Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA\|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control.	SIGNOR-265403
P20042	P68400	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.35	The n-terminal domain of the human eif2beta subunit and the ck2 phosphorylation sites are required for its function. These results suggest that ser2 and ser67 contribute to the important role of the n-terminal region of eif2beta for its function in mammals.	SIGNOR-140994
O14686	O00141	0	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.283	Elevated SGK1, in turn, phosphorylates KMT2D, suppressing its function, leading to a loss of methylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4) and a repressive chromatin state at ER loci to attenuate ER activity.	SIGNOR-277447
P53350	P46531	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.402	As shown in Fig. S4D, the C-terminal NOTCH1 fragment was readily phosphorylated by PLK1. Additionally, when the two putative phosphorylation sites, Ser-1791 and Ser-2349, were replaced by Ala, WT NOTCH1-IC but not the mutant was efficiently phosphorylated (Fig. S4E). We found that mutation of Ser-1791/2349 promotes NOTCH1-IC stabilization (Fig. S4F).	SIGNOR-277491
Q13164	Q16828	0	dephosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.646	However, whilst the interaction itself might be difficult to monitor, DUSP6 should still be able to promote the de-phosphorylation of ERK5 in cells if it is an ERK5 phosphatase.To test this HEK293 cells were transiently transfected with HA-ERK2 or HA-ERK5 together with EGFP-MEK1E (a constitutively active version of MEK1) or EGFP-MEK5D (a constitutively active version of MEK5).\|Whilst one can envisage scenarios in which the interaction between DUSPs and their substrates might be transient, DUSP6 should still be able to promote the de-phosphorylation and inactivation of ERK5.	SIGNOR-277007
Q96P48	Q13882	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.485	ARAP1 associated with PTK6 in an EGF/EGF receptor (EGFR)-dependent manner. In addition, the SH2 domain of PTK6, particularly the Arg(105) residue that contacts the phosphate group of the tyrosine residue, was essential for the association. Moreover, PTK6 phosphorylated residue Tyr(231) in the N-terminal domain of ARAP1. Expression of ARAP1, but not of the Y231F mutant, inhibited the down-regulation of EGFR in HEK293 cells expressing PTK6. These results demonstrate that PTK6 enhances EGFR signaling by inhibition of EGFR down-regulation through phosphorylation of ARAP1 in breast cancer cells.	SIGNOR-263188
P62826	P53350	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.264	Plk1 is capable of phosphorylating co-immunoprecipitated ran in vitro on serine-135 and ran is phosphorylated in vivo at the same site during mitosis when plk1 is normally activated. Deregulation of ran phosphorylation disrupts normal spindle structure and segregation of chromosomes.	SIGNOR-149073
O15379	P25490	1	deacetylation	down-regulates activity	0.6	Previous studies have established that YY1 interacts with histone acetyltransferases p300 and CREB-binding protein (CBP) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), HDAC2, and HDAC3. Here, we present evidence that the activity of YY1 is regulated through acetylation by p300 and PCAF and through deacetylation by HDACs. YY1 was acetylated in two regions: both p300 and PCAF acetylated the central glycine-lysine-rich domain of residues 170 to 200, and PCAF also acetylated YY1 at the C-terminal DNA-binding zinc finger domain. Acetylation of the central region was required for the full transcriptional repressor activity of YY1 and targeted YY1 for active deacetylation by HDACs.	SIGNOR-268837
Q16539	Q05923	0	dephosphorylation	down-regulates	0.623	We show that the in vivo substrate specificities of individual phosphatases are unique. Pac1, mkp-2, and mkp-1 recognize erk and p38, erk and jnk, and erk, p38, and jnk, respectively	SIGNOR-40918
P31749	Q13950	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.446	Here we show that Akt kinase directly phosphorylates Runx2 to regulate invasive properties of breast cancer cells.	SIGNOR-280176
Q9Y297	P15336	1	ubiquitination	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.2	Our data suggest that mTORC1 promotes the binding of the E3 ligase, βTrCP, to CREB2 (Figure 4D), promoting CREB2 degradation by the proteasome (Figure 4E). Here, we show that mTORC1 promotes glutamine anaplerosis by activating glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). This regulation requires transcriptional repression of SIRT4, the mitochondrial-localized sirtuin that inhibits GDH. Mechanistically, mTORC1 represses SIRT4 by promoting the proteasome-mediated destabilization of cAMP-responsive element binding 2 (CREB2).	SIGNOR-267830
Q15746	Q13177	0	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.533	PAK2 can directly phosphorylate MLCK, inhibiting its activity and limiting the development of isometric tension. PAK2 catalyzes MLCK phosphorylation on serine residues 439 and 991.	SIGNOR-250223
Q04206	P68400	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.443	We demonstrate that casein kinase II (CKII) interacts with p65 in vivo and can phosphorylate p65 at serine 529 in vitro. A CKII inhibitor (PD144795) inhibited TNFalpha-induced p65 phosphorylation in vivo. Furthermore, our results indicate that the association between IkappaBalpha and p65 inhibits p65 phosphorylation by CKII and that degradation of IkappaBalpha allows CKII to phosphorylate p65 to increase NF-kappaB transactivation potential.	SIGNOR-250942
P49761	Q07955	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.531	In vitro, Clk/Sty efficiently phosphorylated the SR family member ASF/SF2 on serine residues located within its serine/arginine-rich region (the RS domain). Overexpression of the active Clk/Sty kinase caused a redistribution of SR proteins within the nucleus. These results suggest that Clk/Sty kinase directly regulates the activity and compartmentalization of SR splicing factors.	SIGNOR-273859
P49841	Q07820	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.5	MCL-1 was phosphorylated by GSK-3 at a conserved GSK-3 phosphorylation site (S159). S159 phosphorylation of MCL-1 was induced by IL-3 withdrawal or PI3K inhibition and prevented by AKT or inhibition of GSK-3, and it led to increased ubiquitinylation and degradation of MCL-1.	SIGNOR-251242
Q05655	P53671	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates	0.256	Activation of pkc by phorbol ester treatment of endothelial cells stimulated limk2 phosphorylation at ser-283 and inhibited nuclear import of limk2	SIGNOR-137927
P14635	Q9NQG5	0	transcriptional regulation	up-regulates quantity by expression	0.2	These results indicated that CREPT regulates the Cyclin B1 expression via directly targeting its promoter region during transcription.	SIGNOR-265500
P41240	P08575	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.469	Tyrosine phosphorylation of cd45 phosphotyrosine phosphatase by p50csk kinase creates a binding site for p56lck tyrosine kinase and activates the phosphatase.	SIGNOR-26785
P35790	P35222	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.286	The data suggest that CKI phosphorylates and destabilizes the beta-catenin degradation complex, likely through the dissociation of PP2A, providing a mechanism by which CKI stabilizes beta-catenin and propagates the Wnt signal.	SIGNOR-279161
P49840	Q9Y6Q9	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.2	GSK3 Phosphorylates SRC-3 on S505.In this report, we identified GSK3 as a kinase that phosphorylates SRC-3 on S505 and demonstrated that this phosphorylation modulates SRC-3 transcriptional function and turnover.	SIGNOR-276067
O76039	P48436	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.2	Based on these studies, we hypothesized that Cdkl5 dependent phosphorylation at Ser 199 suppresses Sox9 function during AKI.\|We also found that Cdkl5 phosphorylates Sox9 at Ser 199 residue during kidney injury in vivo.	SIGNOR-279457
Q8WZ42	P28482	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates quantity	0.387	ERK2 phosphorylates three serines in titin\u2019s N2B-Us: S3918, S3960, and S4010 (the latter of which is well conserved) ().	SIGNOR-279636
P47710	Q04206	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.2	Phosphorylation of serine 529 of p65 is mediated by casein kinase ii, but is prevented in nonstimulated cells by the interaction with ikba	SIGNOR-171222
P53350	O14965	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.665	We find that aurora a (aurka) can directly phosphorylate plk1 on thr 210;activation of plk1 requires phosphorylation of a conserved threonine residue (thr 210).	SIGNOR-179422
P09769	Q05397	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.552	Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues upon activation. Phosphorylation at tyr-925 is important for interaction with grb2 and depends on the complex formation between fak and the src-kinase fgr.	SIGNOR-94405
Q8TD08	Q15717	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.346	ERK8 phosphorylates HuR to prevent its binding to PDCD4 mRNA A. ERK8 or control siRNA was transfected into HeLa cells for 48 h followed by treatment of cells with 0.5 mM H2O2 or PBS for 1 h. Cells were fixed and immunofluorescence was performed to monitor HuR localization.	SIGNOR-278314
P45983	Q05655	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.501	By contrast, after uv stimulation, rela directly induces the expression of pkcdelta, which in turn activates jnk.	SIGNOR-151428
Q96LA8	Q9NRC8	1	methylation	down-regulates activity	0.259	Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) directly interacts with and methylates SIRT7 at R388 in vitro and in vivo R388 methylation suppresses the H3K18 deacetylase activity of SIRT7 without modulating its subcellular localization.	SIGNOR-275888
Q13547	P08151	1	deacetylation	up-regulates activity	0.594	Here, we identify a mechanism whereby Hh signalling is regulated, in which acetylation of Gli1 at Lys 518 represents a transcriptional inhibitory switch, while its HDAC1-mediated deacetylation is responsible for transcriptional activation.	SIGNOR-253544
O43660	P30291	0	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.2	These results indicate that WEE1 promotes PRL1 phosphorylation.\|WEE1 promotes PRL1 degradation .	SIGNOR-279579
P11413	O15294	0	glycosylation	up-regulates activity	0.264	O-GlcNAcylation of G6PD promotes the pentose phosphate pathway and tumor growth\|O-GlcNAcylation of G6PD activates enzyme activity\|G6PD is dynamically modified by O-GlcNAc at serine 84\|In cells, a single set of antagonistic enzymes-O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase are responsible for the addition and removal of GlcNAc moiety, respectively.	SIGNOR-267582
Q9UNE7	Q8TCG1	1	polyubiquitination	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.2	CHIP is the ubiquitin E3 ligase mediating celastrol-triggered CIP2A degradation.	SIGNOR-272877
P49841	P05412	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.712	The c-jun and c-myc oncogenic transcription factors are highly unstable proteins due to polyubiquitination. Similar to c-myc, we report here that phosphorylation of c-jun by gsk3 creates a high-affinity binding site for the e3 ligase fbw7, which targets c-jun for polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation similar to c-myc, we report here that phosphorylation of c-jun by gsk3 creates a high-affinity binding site for the e3 ligase fbw7, which targets c-jun for polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.Phosphorylation of Thr-239 and Ser-243 is required for Fbw7-mediated c-Jun disappearance	SIGNOR-236717
Q93009	P62987	1	cleavage	up-regulates quantity	0.735	Here we provide data suggesting that two of the four mammalian ubiquitin precursors, UBA52 and UBA80, are processed mostly post-translationally whereas the other two, UBB and UBC, probably undergo a combination of co- and post-translational processing. Using an unbiased biochemical approach we found that UCHL3, USP9X, USP7, USP5 and Otulin/Gumby/FAM105b are by far the most active DUBs acting on these precursors.	SIGNOR-270823
P06493	Q8WUX9	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.2	We found that recombinant CHMP7 could be directly phosphorylated by CDK1/CCNB1 in vitro and that CDK1-phosphorylation reduced the capacity of CHMP7 to sediment (Figure 4A and B).\|We identified direct CDK1 phosphorylation of CHMP7 at Ser3 and Ser441 as a suppressor of both CHMP7\u2019s ability to interact with LEM2 and its ability to assemble, as judged by sedimentation assays.	SIGNOR-279445
O60341	P84243	1	demethylation	up-regulates activity	0.2	Here, we provide evidence that LSD1 (KIAA0601), a nuclear homolog of amine oxidases, functions as a histone demethylase and transcriptional corepressor. LSD1 specifically demethylates histone H3 lysine 4, which is linked to active transcription.	SIGNOR-264509
P08254	P16112	1	cleavage	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.738	Aggrecan Degradation in Human Cartilage Evidence for both Matrix Metalloproteinase and Aggrecanase Activity in Normal, Osteoarthritic, and Rheumatoid Joints\|Stromelysin-1 (MMP-3), as well as other MMPs, cleave aggrecan in the interglobular domain between Asn341 and Phe342 to generate a G1 fragment with the COOH terminus VDIPEN341 (11–13). This fragment has been isolated and identified by NH2-terminal sequence analysis from human OA cartilage (11). A second proteolytic activity identified as “aggrecanase” also cleaves aggrecan in the interglobular domain, but between Glu373 and Ala374 (19–24), generating a G1 fragment with a COOH terminus of NITEGE374	SIGNOR-266986
O95257	Q99717	0	transcriptional regulation	up-regulates quantity	0.2	Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed a subset of the BIG (BMP4 induced genes) signature, including Satb2, Smad6, Hand1, Gadd45γ and Gata3, that was bound by Smad1/5 in the developing mandible, revealing direct Smad-mediated regulation	SIGNOR-268942
Q9UKF7	P17252	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.319	Only BIM-I caused a reduction in 14-3-3 binding (Figure 3B), suggesting that PKC could be responsible for one or both of the serine phosphorylations, pSer274 and pSer299.	SIGNOR-273801
O75962	Q00535	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.2	Roscovitine inhibits the ability of Trio to activate Rac, and peptides corresponding to the Cdk5 consensus sites in Trio are phosphorylated by Cdk5.\|Together, these data suggest that control of the cortical actin cytoskeleton, long known to modulate hormone exocytosis and subsequent endocytosis, involves Cdk5 mediated activation of Trio.	SIGNOR-280220
O95863	Q13153	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.4	Pak1 regulates the repressor activity of snail by phosphorylating on ser(246). Pak1 phosphorylation of snail supports snail's accumulation in the nucleus as well as its repressor functions.	SIGNOR-135605
P41002	Q9UM11	1	ubiquitination	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.538	We show that cyclin F, a cell-cycle-regulated substrate receptor (F-box protein) for the SCF, is targeted for degradation by APC/C. Furthermore, we establish that Cdh1 is itself a substrate of SCF(cyclin F). Cyclin F loss impairs Cdh1 degradation and delays S-phase entry, and this delay is reversed by simultaneous removal of Cdh1.	SIGNOR-266363
Q12888	O15297	0	dephosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.392	In addition, WIP1 dephosphorylates 53BP1 at Threonine 543 that was previously implicated in mediating interaction with RIF1.	SIGNOR-277046
P61956	P78317	0	polyubiquitination	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.834	Here we demonstrate that the RING-domain-containing ubiquitin E3 ligase, RNF4 (also known as SNURF), targets poly-SUMO-modified proteins for degradation mediated by ubiquitin. RNF4 depletion or proteasome inhibition led to accumulation of mixed, polyubiquitinated, poly-SUMO chains. PML protein accumulated in RNF4-depleted cells and was ubiquitinated by RNF4 in a SUMO-dependent fashion in vitro.RNF4 preferentially binds to and ubiquitinates SUMO-2 polymers over SUMO-2 monomers in vitro	SIGNOR-272640
P49841	O95644	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.588	In T-cells, calcineurin de-phosphorylates NFATc1, leading to its nuclear import, while glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3beta) phosphorylates NFATc1 and promotes its nuclear export.\|We conclude that GSK3beta negatively regulates NFATc1 in vSMCs, and GSK3beta must be inactivated to allow NFAT activation during wound repair.Male Sprague-Dawley rats were obtained from Charles River (Montreal, PQ, Canada).	SIGNOR-279185
P68431	O60341	0	demethylation	up-regulates activity	0.2	Here, we provide evidence that LSD1 (KIAA0601), a nuclear homolog of amine oxidases, functions as a histone demethylase and transcriptional corepressor. LSD1 specifically demethylates histone H3 lysine 4, which is linked to active transcription.	SIGNOR-264507
Q13315	Q8TAQ5	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.459	These results indicate that Apak is a genuine substrate of ATM kinase. Apak phosphorylation on Ser 68 is critical for p53-mediated apoptosis. in response to DNA damage, ATM is rapidly activated by autophosphorylation and mediates p53 activation through disruption of the Apak–p53 complex by phosphorylating Apak on Ser 68.	SIGNOR-273513
P14859	Q9UKX2	1	transcriptional regulation	up-regulates quantity by expression	0.2	Myocyte enhancer factor-2 and serum response factor binding elements regulate fast Myosin heavy chain transcription in vivo. We show that the upstream promoter region of the gene most abundantly expressed in mouse skeletal muscles, IIb MyHC, retains binding activity and transcriptional activation for three positive transcription factors, the serum response factor, Oct-1, and myocyte enhancer factor-2, whereas the other two genes (IIa and IId/x) have nucleotide substitutions in these sites that reduce binding and transcriptional activation	SIGNOR-238757
P06213	Q8WU20	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.371	We found that insulin receptor can directly phosphorylate FRS2.	SIGNOR-278945
Q13043	O43524	1	phosphorylation	up-regulates	0.681	Bonni and coworkers demonstrated that mst1 can phosphorylate foxo3 (and subsequently, foxo1) principally ser207 (ser212 in foxo1), a conserved site in the forkhead domain. This phosphorylation interdicts 14-3-3 binding, promotes foxo nuclear residence and transcriptional activity.	SIGNOR-178190
Q96S44	Q96KB5	0	phosphorylation	up-regulates activity	0.418	In this study, we provide evidence showing that TOPK promotes metastasis of colorectal carcinoma, which is mediated through its phosphorylation of PRPK at Ser250.\|Therefore, we conclude that TOPK directly promotes metastasis of colorectal cancer by modulating PRPK.	SIGNOR-278236
Q14353	P51608	0	post transcriptional regulation	up-regulates quantity by expression	0.279	MeCP2 binds to the promoter region of six target genes. ChIP with anti-MeCP2 antibody shows that MeCP2 binds to the promoter regions of activated targets Sst, Oprk1, Gamt, and Gprin1, and repressed targets Mef2c and A2bp1.	SIGNOR-264678
O00141	O14686	1	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.283	Elevated SGK1, in turn, phosphorylates KMT2D, suppressing its function, leading to a loss of methylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4) and a repressive chromatin state at ER loci to attenuate ER activity.	SIGNOR-277447
P09958	P06213	1	cleavage	up-regulates activity	0.283	Here we demonstrate that the two IR isoforms are similarly cleaved by furin, but when this furin-dependent maturation is inefficient, IR proforms move to the cell surface where the proprotein convertase PACE4 selectively supports IRB maturation.	SIGNOR-260365
Q96PU5	Q14524	1	ubiquitination	down-regulates quantity by destabilization	0.464	The control of Nav density at the cell membrane is crucial to ensuring normal neuronal excitability. Navs are subject to posttranslational modifications that may influence their cell membrane availability. Ubiquitylation is a key process that orchestrates the internalization and subsequent degradation or recycling of Navs. This is accomplished by ubiquitin protein ligases, such as NEDD4-2 (neuronal precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated-4 type 2).	SIGNOR-253456
Q9UJM3	P12931	0	phosphorylation	down-regulates activity	0.414	Prior phosphorylation of Y395 dramatically increases the rate of EGFR phosphorylation of Mig6 on Y394 in vitro, and suppression of Src activity pharmacologically or by shRNA decreased phosphorylation of Mig6 on this site in cells, impairing EGFR binding and inhibition.\|We further found that Mig6 inhibition of EGFR is modulated by Src via phosphorylation of Mig6 on Y395.	SIGNOR-279116
Q9Y566	Q06787	0	post transcriptional regulation	up-regulates quantity	0.4	These results point toward a novel mechanism by which FUS targets neuronal mRNA and given that these PSD-95 and Shank1 3'-UTR G quadruplex structures are also targeted by the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), they raise the possibility that FUS and FMRP might work together to regulate the translation of these neuronal mRNA targets.	SIGNOR-262109

P18848

P41252

1

transcriptional regulation

up-regulates quantity by expression

0.2

QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress.

SIGNOR-269427

O14965

P12931

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.309

We report here that Src phosphorylates and activates AURA at T288, and AURA also activates focal adhesion kinase (FAK, also known as PTK2), leading to initiation of cell movement.

SIGNOR-279286

O15105

P84022

1

transcriptional regulation

down-regulates quantity

0.613

The downstream molecules including mad2, smad3, smad4 and smad7 are involved in TGF-β1-induced EMT,while Smad7 blocks the smad3 expression

SIGNOR-260437

P17275

P45983

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.719

JunB-control of IL-4 expression is mediated by the phosphorylation of JunB at Thr102 and -104 by JNK MAP kinase. The synergy between c-Maf and JunB can be attributed to cooperative DNA binding, which is facilitated by JunB phosphorylation.

SIGNOR-250120

P63244

P12931

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.2

We found that rack1 is a src substrate. Moreover, src activity is necessary for both the tyrosine phosphorylation of rack1 and the binding of rack1 to src's sh2 domain that occur following pkc activation. To identify the tyrosine(s) on rack1 that is phosphorylated by src, we generated and tested a series of rack1 mutants. We found that src phosphorylates rack1 on tyr 228 and/or tyr 246

SIGNOR-94800

Q9Y5J3

P46531

0

transcriptional regulation

up-regulates quantity by expression

0.774

These data establish that HERP2 is a novel primary target gene of Notch that, together with HES, may effect diverse biological activities of Notch

SIGNOR-235397

P23470

P04626

1

dephosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.289

PTPRG activation by the P1-WD peptide affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of several signaling molecules. Data analysis identified 31 molecules whose phosphorylation was modified in a statistically significant manner (Table I). inhibition of ABL1, BMX, BTK, DAB1, ITGB1, JAK2, KDR, KIT, LIMK1, MET, PDGFRB, SHC1, and VCL correlates with tyrosine dephosphorylation. In contrast, SRC inhibition correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr530 residue and with dephosphorylation of the activatory Tyr419. Moreover, CDK2 and CTTN inhibition correlates with a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr15 and Tyr470, respectively. In contrast, a subgroup of 13 proteins, including BLNK, DOK2, ERBB2, GRIN2B, INSR, PDGFRA, PRKCD, PXN, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT5A, and ZAP70, appears to be activated by PTPRG activity.

SIGNOR-254701

P10242

P27361

0

phosphorylation

down-regulates

0.301

Functional analysis of phosphorylation at serine 532 of human c-myb by map kinase. expression of a polypeptide containing the c-myb c-terminal domain stimulated c-myb activity. This effect is reduced upon mapk-dependent phosphorylation of serine 532. Our data suggest that the mapk-dependent state of phosphorylation modifies the cellular function of c-myb by modulating its interaction with a putative inhibitory factor

SIGNOR-45348

P08670

P05771

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates quantity

0.2

PKCbeta induces vimentin phosphorylation in MCP-1-activated human monocytes.

SIGNOR-278984

P55085

P07384

0

cleavage

down-regulates activity

0.298

PAR1E and PAR2E (10 microM) were incubated in the presence of the different proteases | The enzymes were used at the following concentrations: 0.5 unit/mL thrombin, 2.5 nM trypsin, 20 nM plasmin, 20 nM cathepsin G, 20 nM elastase, 20 nM proteinase 3, and 2 units/mL calpain I and II|Protease-activated receptors (PARs) mediate cell activation after proteolytic cleavage of their extracellular amino terminus.|Mass spectrometry studies of PAR2E predicted activation of PAR2 by trypsin through cleavage at the Arg36-Ser37 site, no effect of thrombin, and inactivation of the receptor by plasmin, calpain and leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3

SIGNOR-263580

Q16659

Q05923

0

dephosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.376

DUSP2 can dephosphorylate both ERK3 and ERK4 when expressed in mammalian cells.|Finally, we demonstrate that DUSP2 inhibits ERK3 and ERK4 mediated activation of MK5.

SIGNOR-277069

Q14653

Q9Y6W6

0

dephosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.2

The inactivation of IRF3 by MKP5 is dependent on MKP5 phosphatase activity or its binding to IRF3.|This is confirmed since MKP5 phosphatasedeficient mutant is unable to dephosphorylate IRF3 and MKP5 mutant lacking IRF3 binding motifs fails to suppress IRF3 nuclear translocation upon virus infection.

SIGNOR-277146

P68400

Q13547

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.62

Human hdac1 protein was analyzed by ion trap mass spectrometry, and two phosphorylated serine residues, ser(421) and ser(423), were unambiguously identified. Loss of phosphorylation at ser(421) and ser(423) due to mutation to alanine or disruption of the casein kinase 2 consensus sequence directing phosphorylation reduced the enzymatic activity and complex formation of hdac1.

SIGNOR-111015

P49841

P17275

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.2

Thus, JunB phosphorylation at S251 and T255 by GSK3β is primed by phosphorylation at S259 by a yet to-be-identified kinase.Phosphorylation at S251, T255 and S259 is required for JunB degradation.

SIGNOR-276417

Q2TAL8

P41250

1

transcriptional regulation

up-regulates quantity by expression

0.2

QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress.

SIGNOR-269405

Q92911

P16220

0

transcriptional regulation

up-regulates quantity by expression

0.267

CREB recognized and bound to the promoter of SLC5A5 to facilitate its transcription.

SIGNOR-267137

Q9Y243

Q13188

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates

0.271

Akt phosphorylates mst2 at thr117 in vitro and in vivo, which leads to mst2 cleavage and kinase activity as well as nuclear translocation.

SIGNOR-164306

Q96D59

O14763

1

polyubiquitination

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.2

RNF183 mediated K63-linked ubiquitination and lysosomal degradation of DR5.

SIGNOR-272212

P43405

P68366

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.33

Syk, Activated by Cross-linking the B-cell Antigen Receptor, Localizes to the Cytosol Where It Interacts with and Phosphorylates alpha-Tubulin on Tyrosine

SIGNOR-246626

P04626

P30530

0

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.316

Blockade of Axl function abrogated phosphorylation of ERBB2 (Her-2 and neu) at the Tyr877 residue, indicative of receptor crosstalk.|We have demonstrated that either pharmacological or genetic inhibition of Axl function abrogates phosphorylation of ERBB2 at the critical Tyr877 residue and sensitizes OE33 cells to lapatinib in vitro.

SIGNOR-280193

Q13492

Q9BSJ6

0

relocalization

down-regulates

0.2

The cats interaction domain of calm was mapped to aa 221-335 of calm. This domain is contained in the calm/af10 fusion protein. Cats localizes to the nucleus and shows a preference for nucleoli. Expression of cats was able to markedly increase the nuclear localization of calm and of the leukemogenic fusion protein calm/af10.

SIGNOR-144680

P42224

P35228

1

transcriptional regulation

up-regulates quantity by expression

0.428

STAT1 binds as a homodimer to cis elements known as gammaactivated sequences in the promoters of the genes encoding NOS2, the MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) and IL-12, among others.

SIGNOR-249497

Q16236

Q9NP59

1

transcriptional regulation

up-regulates quantity by expression

0.257

NFE2L2 is stabilized and translocates to the nucleus, where it dimerizes with sMAF proteins. This complex binds to AREs to mediate the transcription of genes involved in iron metabolism, GSH metabolism, and ROS detoxification. SLC40A1 is a target gene of NFE2L2, with a putative ARE identified approximately -7 kb upstream of the SLC40A1 core promoter.

SIGNOR-279863

Q02078

Q86X55

0

methylation

up-regulates

0.387

The first evidence alluding to a role of PRMTs in mediating skeletal muscle plasticity, specifically myogenesis, arose from the identification of CARM1 as a glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) binding protein. (Chen et al., 2000). Here, GRIP1 and MEF2 were co-expressed in the nucleus during skeletal muscle differentiation. These initial findings led to an investigation that revealed that this methyltransferase was responsible for coactivating the transcription of myocyte enhancer factor-2C (MEF2C) via GRIP1

SIGNOR-255964

Q12959

P43403

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.53

Immunoblot analysis showed that phosphorylation of the activating ZAP70 kinase domain residue Tyr 493 was decreased in the DLG1 KD cells. Similarly, the Tyr 319 residue of ZAP70 and Tyr 83 residue of TCR- ζ also showed reduced phosphorylation.

SIGNOR-274142

Q8TEB7

Q01151

1

polyubiquitination

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.352

In this study, we show that GRAIL can down-modulate the expression of CD83 (previously described as a cell surface marker for mature dendritic cells) on CD4 T cells. GRAIL-mediated down-modulation of CD83 is dependent on an intact GRAIL extracellular protease-associated domain and an enzymatically active cytosolic RING domain, and proceeds via the ubiquitin-dependent 26S proteosome pathway. Ubiquitin modification of lysine residues K168 and K183, but not K192, in the cytoplasmic domain of CD83 was shown to be necessary for GRAIL-mediated degradation of CD83.

SIGNOR-271850

P43405

P16885

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.753

Syk in turn phosphorylates and activates the B cell linker protein (BLNK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phospholipase C\u03b32 (PLC\u03b32).|Syk in turn phosphorylates and activates the B cell linker protein (BLNK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phospholipase Cgamma2 (PLCgamma2).

SIGNOR-278995

P20042

Q9GZT9

1

translation regulation

up-regulates quantity

0.2

DAP5 is involved in PHD2 translation. Distinct responses to DAP5 depletion (under hypoxia) of primary MEFs versus malignant glioma cells suggest that DAP5-mediated control of PHD2 may have special significance in cancer. Neoplastic cells may exploit DAP5 for managing chronic oxygen deprivation, possibly contributing to their adaptation to growth/proliferation under hypoxia.

SIGNOR-266386

P48729

O15151

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.371

Previous studies showed that casein kinase 1? (ck1?) Stably associates with mdmx, stimulates mdmx-p53 binding, and cooperates with mdmx to inactivate p53ck1? Binding to the mdmx central domain and phosphorylation of s289 disrupts the intramolecular interaction, allowing the n terminus to bind p53 with increased affinity. After dna damage, the mdmx-ck1? Complex is disrupted by chk2-mediated phosphorylation of mdmx at s367, leading to reduced mdmx-p53 binding.

SIGNOR-199015

O15350

P06493

0

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.556

Cyclin-dependent kinases phosphorylate p73 at threonine 86 in a cell cycle-dependent manner and negatively regulate p73.Furthermore, cyclin a/cdk1/2, cyclin b/cdk1/2, and cyclin e/cdk2 complexes can phosphorylate multiple p73 isoforms in vitro at threonine 86.

SIGNOR-99742

Q00987

Q96GD0

0

dephosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.2

Considering the roles of NF2 in actin dynamics and Mdm2 regulation - , , , it is noteworthy to elucidate whether interaction of PLPP and CIN with NF2 modulates actin dynamics and Mdm2 degradation in neuronal excitability.|Recently, we have reported that PLPP and CIN dephosphorylates Mdm2 at S166 site in activity dependent manners, which inhibits Mdm2 mediated PSD95 degradation by facilitating Mdm2 ubiquitination 38.

SIGNOR-277151

P0CG48

Q9BXM7

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.604

Ubiquitin is phosphorylated by PINK1 to activate parkin|PINK1 phosphorylated ubiquitin at Ser65 both in vitro and in cells

SIGNOR-249691

Q86YJ5

O60486

1

ubiquitination

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.2

MARCH9, a member of the RING-CH family of transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases, down-regulates CD4, major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC), and ICAM-1 in lymphoid cells. To identify novel MARCH9 substrates, we used high throughput flow cytometry and quantitative mass spectrometry by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to determine the differential expression of plasma membrane proteins in a MARCH9-expressing B cell line. This combined approach identified 13 potential new MARCH9 targets.

SIGNOR-271532

P42685

P00533

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.409

Furthermore, Rak/Frk inhibited mutant EGFR phosphorylation at an activating site and dramatically decreased the levels of EGFR\u0394747-749/A750P from the plasma membrane.|Taken together, the results suggest that Rak and Frk inhibits EGFR signaling in cancer cells and has elevated activity against EGFR exon 19 mutants.

SIGNOR-279177

O75469

P24941

0

phosphorylation

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.372

PXR Phosphorylation at S350 by CDK2 Triggers PXR Degradation via the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway.

SIGNOR-279397

P0DPK2

Q14493

0

translation regulation

up-regulates quantity by expression

0.2

Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control.

SIGNOR-265419

Q14164

O95644

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.2

Phosphorylation of NFATC1 at PIM1 target sites is essential for its ability to promote prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. Here we have identified ten PIM1 target sites in NFATC1 and found that prevention of their phosphorylation significantly decreases the transcriptional activity as well as the pro-migratory and pro-invasive effects of NFATC1 in prostate cancer cells.

SIGNOR-276778

P68431

O15550

0

demethylation

down-regulates activity

0.2

Ubiquitously Transcribed Tetratricopeptide Repeat on chromosome X (UTX) and Jumonji D3 (JMJD3) as novel histone demethylases that catalyze the removal of di- and trimethyl groups on histone H3 lysine 27, thereby promoting target gene activation.

SIGNOR-260017

P04049

P30304

0

dephosphorylation

down-regulates

0.395

Cdc25a can act on substrates other than cdks, since it dephosphorylates the homeodomain transcription factor cut and interacts with and dephosphorylates the proto-oncogene raf-1, resulting in a significant decrease in raf-1 kinase activity

SIGNOR-32548

P49841

P19544

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.284

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β promoted phosphorylation of cugWT1 at S64, resulting in ubiquitination and degradation of the cugWT1 associated with the F-box-/- WD repeat-containing protein 8.

SIGNOR-277540

Q04206

P35813

0

dephosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.353

23 Here we show that PPM1A directly dephosphorylated RelA at S536 and S276, with resultant inhibition of NF-kappaB transactivation and decreased expression of target genes, notably including MCP-1 and CCL2.|Taken together, these data suggest that dephosphorylation of S276 by PPM1A may contribute to inhibit RelA transcriptional activity, but the majority of PPM1A activity to inhibit RelA transcription relies on dephos phorylation of S536 of RelA.|We show that PPM1A directly dephosphorylated RelA at residues S536 and S276 and selectively inhibited Nuclear factor-\u03baB transcriptional activity, resulting in decreased expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 and interleukin-6, cytokines implicated in cancer metastasis.

SIGNOR-276963

P06241

O15117

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.2

two tyrosines, Tyr595 and Tyr651, of FYB are major sites of phosphorylation by FYN-T and mediate binding to SLP-76 in Jurkat T cells. We further demonstrate that the loss of SLP-76 binding by mutation of these sites markedly reduced the ability of FYN-T-FYB-SLP-76 to up-regulate IL-2 transcription.

SIGNOR-251163

P00441

Q9NX47

0

ubiquitination

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.2

Mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase MITOL ubiquitinates mutant SOD1 and attenuates mutant SOD1-induced reactive oxygen species generation

SIGNOR-272982

P0C0S8

Q14493

0

translation regulation

up-regulates quantity by expression

0.2

Synthesis of mature histone mRNA requires only a single processing reaction: an endonucleolytic cleavage between a conserved stem-loop and a purine-rich downstream element to form the 3' end. The stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) is required for processing, and following processing, histone mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm, where SLBP participates in translation of the histone mRNA|We used radiolabeled probes generated by PCR targeting the open reading frame (ORF) to detect histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H1 and used 7SK snRNA as a loading control (Fig. 2A). The abundance of histone H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs is reduced to 37% to 70% of control levels in the SLBP knockdown cells when compared to the C2 control.

SIGNOR-265403

P20042

P68400

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.35

The n-terminal domain of the human eif2beta subunit and the ck2 phosphorylation sites are required for its function. These results suggest that ser2 and ser67 contribute to the important role of the n-terminal region of eif2beta for its function in mammals.

SIGNOR-140994

O14686

O00141

0

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.283

Elevated SGK1, in turn, phosphorylates KMT2D, suppressing its function, leading to a loss of methylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4) and a repressive chromatin state at ER loci to attenuate ER activity.

SIGNOR-277447

P53350

P46531

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.402

As shown in Fig. S4D, the C-terminal NOTCH1 fragment was readily phosphorylated by PLK1. Additionally, when the two putative phosphorylation sites, Ser-1791 and Ser-2349, were replaced by Ala, WT NOTCH1-IC but not the mutant was efficiently phosphorylated (Fig. S4E). We found that mutation of Ser-1791/2349 promotes NOTCH1-IC stabilization (Fig. S4F).

SIGNOR-277491

Q13164

Q16828

0

dephosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.646

However, whilst the interaction itself might be difficult to monitor, DUSP6 should still be able to promote the de-phosphorylation of ERK5 in cells if it is an ERK5 phosphatase.To test this HEK293 cells were transiently transfected with HA-ERK2 or HA-ERK5 together with EGFP-MEK1E (a constitutively active version of MEK1) or EGFP-MEK5D (a constitutively active version of MEK5).|Whilst one can envisage scenarios in which the interaction between DUSPs and their substrates might be transient, DUSP6 should still be able to promote the de-phosphorylation and inactivation of ERK5.

SIGNOR-277007

Q96P48

Q13882

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.485

ARAP1 associated with PTK6 in an EGF/EGF receptor (EGFR)-dependent manner. In addition, the SH2 domain of PTK6, particularly the Arg(105) residue that contacts the phosphate group of the tyrosine residue, was essential for the association. Moreover, PTK6 phosphorylated residue Tyr(231) in the N-terminal domain of ARAP1. Expression of ARAP1, but not of the Y231F mutant, inhibited the down-regulation of EGFR in HEK293 cells expressing PTK6. These results demonstrate that PTK6 enhances EGFR signaling by inhibition of EGFR down-regulation through phosphorylation of ARAP1 in breast cancer cells.

SIGNOR-263188

P62826

P53350

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.264

Plk1 is capable of phosphorylating co-immunoprecipitated ran in vitro on serine-135 and ran is phosphorylated in vivo at the same site during mitosis when plk1 is normally activated. Deregulation of ran phosphorylation disrupts normal spindle structure and segregation of chromosomes.

SIGNOR-149073

O15379

P25490

1

deacetylation

down-regulates activity

0.6

Previous studies have established that YY1 interacts with histone acetyltransferases p300 and CREB-binding protein (CBP) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), HDAC2, and HDAC3. Here, we present evidence that the activity of YY1 is regulated through acetylation by p300 and PCAF and through deacetylation by HDACs. YY1 was acetylated in two regions: both p300 and PCAF acetylated the central glycine-lysine-rich domain of residues 170 to 200, and PCAF also acetylated YY1 at the C-terminal DNA-binding zinc finger domain. Acetylation of the central region was required for the full transcriptional repressor activity of YY1 and targeted YY1 for active deacetylation by HDACs.

SIGNOR-268837

Q16539

Q05923

0

dephosphorylation

down-regulates

0.623

We show that the in vivo substrate specificities of individual phosphatases are unique. Pac1, mkp-2, and mkp-1 recognize erk and p38, erk and jnk, and erk, p38, and jnk, respectively

SIGNOR-40918

P31749

Q13950

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.446

Here we show that Akt kinase directly phosphorylates Runx2 to regulate invasive properties of breast cancer cells.

SIGNOR-280176

Q9Y297

P15336

1

ubiquitination

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.2

Our data suggest that mTORC1 promotes the binding of the E3 ligase, βTrCP, to CREB2 (Figure 4D), promoting CREB2 degradation by the proteasome (Figure 4E). Here, we show that mTORC1 promotes glutamine anaplerosis by activating glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). This regulation requires transcriptional repression of SIRT4, the mitochondrial-localized sirtuin that inhibits GDH. Mechanistically, mTORC1 represses SIRT4 by promoting the proteasome-mediated destabilization of cAMP-responsive element binding 2 (CREB2).

SIGNOR-267830

Q15746

Q13177

0

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.533

PAK2 can directly phosphorylate MLCK, inhibiting its activity and limiting the development of isometric tension. PAK2 catalyzes MLCK phosphorylation on serine residues 439 and 991.

SIGNOR-250223

Q04206

P68400

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.443

We demonstrate that casein kinase II (CKII) interacts with p65 in vivo and can phosphorylate p65 at serine 529 in vitro. A CKII inhibitor (PD144795) inhibited TNFalpha-induced p65 phosphorylation in vivo. Furthermore, our results indicate that the association between IkappaBalpha and p65 inhibits p65 phosphorylation by CKII and that degradation of IkappaBalpha allows CKII to phosphorylate p65 to increase NF-kappaB transactivation potential.

SIGNOR-250942

P49761

Q07955

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.531

In vitro, Clk/Sty efficiently phosphorylated the SR family member ASF/SF2 on serine residues located within its serine/arginine-rich region (the RS domain). Overexpression of the active Clk/Sty kinase caused a redistribution of SR proteins within the nucleus. These results suggest that Clk/Sty kinase directly regulates the activity and compartmentalization of SR splicing factors.

SIGNOR-273859

P49841

Q07820

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.5

MCL-1 was phosphorylated by GSK-3 at a conserved GSK-3 phosphorylation site (S159). S159 phosphorylation of MCL-1 was induced by IL-3 withdrawal or PI3K inhibition and prevented by AKT or inhibition of GSK-3, and it led to increased ubiquitinylation and degradation of MCL-1.

SIGNOR-251242

Q05655

P53671

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates

0.256

Activation of pkc by phorbol ester treatment of endothelial cells stimulated limk2 phosphorylation at ser-283 and inhibited nuclear import of limk2

SIGNOR-137927

P14635

Q9NQG5

0

transcriptional regulation

up-regulates quantity by expression

0.2

These results indicated that CREPT regulates the Cyclin B1 expression via directly targeting its promoter region during transcription.

SIGNOR-265500

P41240

P08575

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.469

Tyrosine phosphorylation of cd45 phosphotyrosine phosphatase by p50csk kinase creates a binding site for p56lck tyrosine kinase and activates the phosphatase.

SIGNOR-26785

P35790

P35222

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.286

The data suggest that CKI phosphorylates and destabilizes the beta-catenin degradation complex, likely through the dissociation of PP2A, providing a mechanism by which CKI stabilizes beta-catenin and propagates the Wnt signal.

SIGNOR-279161

P49840

Q9Y6Q9

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.2

GSK3 Phosphorylates SRC-3 on S505.In this report, we identified GSK3 as a kinase that phosphorylates SRC-3 on S505 and demonstrated that this phosphorylation modulates SRC-3 transcriptional function and turnover.

SIGNOR-276067

O76039

P48436

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.2

Based on these studies, we hypothesized that Cdkl5 dependent phosphorylation at Ser 199 suppresses Sox9 function during AKI.|We also found that Cdkl5 phosphorylates Sox9 at Ser 199 residue during kidney injury in vivo.

SIGNOR-279457

Q8WZ42

P28482

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates quantity

0.387

ERK2 phosphorylates three serines in titin\u2019s N2B-Us: S3918, S3960, and S4010 (the latter of which is well conserved) ().

SIGNOR-279636

P47710

Q04206

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.2

Phosphorylation of serine 529 of p65 is mediated by casein kinase ii, but is prevented in nonstimulated cells by the interaction with ikba

SIGNOR-171222

P53350

O14965

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.665

We find that aurora a (aurka) can directly phosphorylate plk1 on thr 210;activation of plk1 requires phosphorylation of a conserved threonine residue (thr 210).

SIGNOR-179422

P09769

Q05397

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.552

Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues upon activation. Phosphorylation at tyr-925 is important for interaction with grb2 and depends on the complex formation between fak and the src-kinase fgr.

SIGNOR-94405

Q8TD08

Q15717

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.346

ERK8 phosphorylates HuR to prevent its binding to PDCD4 mRNA A. ERK8 or control siRNA was transfected into HeLa cells for 48 h followed by treatment of cells with 0.5 mM H2O2 or PBS for 1 h. Cells were fixed and immunofluorescence was performed to monitor HuR localization.

SIGNOR-278314

P45983

Q05655

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.501

By contrast, after uv stimulation, rela directly induces the expression of pkcdelta, which in turn activates jnk.

SIGNOR-151428

Q96LA8

Q9NRC8

1

methylation

down-regulates activity

0.259

Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) directly interacts with and methylates SIRT7 at R388 in vitro and in vivo R388 methylation suppresses the H3K18 deacetylase activity of SIRT7 without modulating its subcellular localization.

SIGNOR-275888

Q13547

P08151

1

deacetylation

up-regulates activity

0.594

Here, we identify a mechanism whereby Hh signalling is regulated, in which acetylation of Gli1 at Lys 518 represents a transcriptional inhibitory switch, while its HDAC1-mediated deacetylation is responsible for transcriptional activation.

SIGNOR-253544

O43660

P30291

0

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.2

These results indicate that WEE1 promotes PRL1 phosphorylation.|WEE1 promotes PRL1 degradation .

SIGNOR-279579

P11413

O15294

0

glycosylation

up-regulates activity

0.264

O-GlcNAcylation of G6PD promotes the pentose phosphate pathway and tumor growth|O-GlcNAcylation of G6PD activates enzyme activity|G6PD is dynamically modified by O-GlcNAc at serine 84|In cells, a single set of antagonistic enzymes-O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAc hydrolase are responsible for the addition and removal of GlcNAc moiety, respectively.

SIGNOR-267582

Q9UNE7

Q8TCG1

1

polyubiquitination

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.2

CHIP is the ubiquitin E3 ligase mediating celastrol-triggered CIP2A degradation.

SIGNOR-272877

P49841

P05412

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.712

The c-jun and c-myc oncogenic transcription factors are highly unstable proteins due to polyubiquitination. Similar to c-myc, we report here that phosphorylation of c-jun by gsk3 creates a high-affinity binding site for the e3 ligase fbw7, which targets c-jun for polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation similar to c-myc, we report here that phosphorylation of c-jun by gsk3 creates a high-affinity binding site for the e3 ligase fbw7, which targets c-jun for polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.Phosphorylation of Thr-239 and Ser-243 is required for Fbw7-mediated c-Jun disappearance

SIGNOR-236717

Q93009

P62987

1

cleavage

up-regulates quantity

0.735

Here we provide data suggesting that two of the four mammalian ubiquitin precursors, UBA52 and UBA80, are processed mostly post-translationally whereas the other two, UBB and UBC, probably undergo a combination of co- and post-translational processing. Using an unbiased biochemical approach we found that UCHL3, USP9X, USP7, USP5 and Otulin/Gumby/FAM105b are by far the most active DUBs acting on these precursors.

SIGNOR-270823

P06493

Q8WUX9

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.2

We found that recombinant CHMP7 could be directly phosphorylated by CDK1/CCNB1 in vitro and that CDK1-phosphorylation reduced the capacity of CHMP7 to sediment (Figure 4A and B).|We identified direct CDK1 phosphorylation of CHMP7 at Ser3 and Ser441 as a suppressor of both CHMP7\u2019s ability to interact with LEM2 and its ability to assemble, as judged by sedimentation assays.

SIGNOR-279445

O60341

P84243

1

demethylation

up-regulates activity

0.2

Here, we provide evidence that LSD1 (KIAA0601), a nuclear homolog of amine oxidases, functions as a histone demethylase and transcriptional corepressor. LSD1 specifically demethylates histone H3 lysine 4, which is linked to active transcription.

SIGNOR-264509

P08254

P16112

1

cleavage

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.738

Aggrecan Degradation in Human Cartilage Evidence for both Matrix Metalloproteinase and Aggrecanase Activity in Normal, Osteoarthritic, and Rheumatoid Joints|Stromelysin-1 (MMP-3), as well as other MMPs, cleave aggrecan in the interglobular domain between Asn341 and Phe342 to generate a G1 fragment with the COOH terminus VDIPEN341 (11–13). This fragment has been isolated and identified by NH2-terminal sequence analysis from human OA cartilage (11). A second proteolytic activity identified as “aggrecanase” also cleaves aggrecan in the interglobular domain, but between Glu373 and Ala374 (19–24), generating a G1 fragment with a COOH terminus of NITEGE374

SIGNOR-266986

O95257

Q99717

0

transcriptional regulation

up-regulates quantity

0.2

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed a subset of the BIG (BMP4 induced genes) signature, including Satb2, Smad6, Hand1, Gadd45γ and Gata3, that was bound by Smad1/5 in the developing mandible, revealing direct Smad-mediated regulation

SIGNOR-268942

Q9UKF7

P17252

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.319

Only BIM-I caused a reduction in 14-3-3 binding (Figure 3B), suggesting that PKC could be responsible for one or both of the serine phosphorylations, pSer274 and pSer299.

SIGNOR-273801

O75962

Q00535

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.2

Roscovitine inhibits the ability of Trio to activate Rac, and peptides corresponding to the Cdk5 consensus sites in Trio are phosphorylated by Cdk5.|Together, these data suggest that control of the cortical actin cytoskeleton, long known to modulate hormone exocytosis and subsequent endocytosis, involves Cdk5 mediated activation of Trio.

SIGNOR-280220

O95863

Q13153

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.4

Pak1 regulates the repressor activity of snail by phosphorylating on ser(246). Pak1 phosphorylation of snail supports snail's accumulation in the nucleus as well as its repressor functions.

SIGNOR-135605

P41002

Q9UM11

1

ubiquitination

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.538

We show that cyclin F, a cell-cycle-regulated substrate receptor (F-box protein) for the SCF, is targeted for degradation by APC/C. Furthermore, we establish that Cdh1 is itself a substrate of SCF(cyclin F). Cyclin F loss impairs Cdh1 degradation and delays S-phase entry, and this delay is reversed by simultaneous removal of Cdh1.

SIGNOR-266363

Q12888

O15297

0

dephosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.392

In addition, WIP1 dephosphorylates 53BP1 at Threonine 543 that was previously implicated in mediating interaction with RIF1.

SIGNOR-277046

P61956

P78317

0

polyubiquitination

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.834

Here we demonstrate that the RING-domain-containing ubiquitin E3 ligase, RNF4 (also known as SNURF), targets poly-SUMO-modified proteins for degradation mediated by ubiquitin. RNF4 depletion or proteasome inhibition led to accumulation of mixed, polyubiquitinated, poly-SUMO chains. PML protein accumulated in RNF4-depleted cells and was ubiquitinated by RNF4 in a SUMO-dependent fashion in vitro.RNF4 preferentially binds to and ubiquitinates SUMO-2 polymers over SUMO-2 monomers in vitro

SIGNOR-272640

P49841

O95644

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.588

In T-cells, calcineurin de-phosphorylates NFATc1, leading to its nuclear import, while glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3beta) phosphorylates NFATc1 and promotes its nuclear export.|We conclude that GSK3beta negatively regulates NFATc1 in vSMCs, and GSK3beta must be inactivated to allow NFAT activation during wound repair.Male Sprague-Dawley rats were obtained from Charles River (Montreal, PQ, Canada).

SIGNOR-279185

P68431

O60341

0

demethylation

up-regulates activity

0.2

Here, we provide evidence that LSD1 (KIAA0601), a nuclear homolog of amine oxidases, functions as a histone demethylase and transcriptional corepressor. LSD1 specifically demethylates histone H3 lysine 4, which is linked to active transcription.

SIGNOR-264507

Q13315

Q8TAQ5

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.459

These results indicate that Apak is a genuine substrate of ATM kinase. Apak phosphorylation on Ser 68 is critical for p53-mediated apoptosis. in response to DNA damage, ATM is rapidly activated by autophosphorylation and mediates p53 activation through disruption of the Apak–p53 complex by phosphorylating Apak on Ser 68.

SIGNOR-273513

P14859

Q9UKX2

1

transcriptional regulation

up-regulates quantity by expression

0.2

Myocyte enhancer factor-2 and serum response factor binding elements regulate fast Myosin heavy chain transcription in vivo. We show that the upstream promoter region of the gene most abundantly expressed in mouse skeletal muscles, IIb MyHC, retains binding activity and transcriptional activation for three positive transcription factors, the serum response factor, Oct-1, and myocyte enhancer factor-2, whereas the other two genes (IIa and IId/x) have nucleotide substitutions in these sites that reduce binding and transcriptional activation

SIGNOR-238757

P06213

Q8WU20

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.371

We found that insulin receptor can directly phosphorylate FRS2.

SIGNOR-278945

Q13043

O43524

1

phosphorylation

up-regulates

0.681

Bonni and coworkers demonstrated that mst1 can phosphorylate foxo3 (and subsequently, foxo1) principally ser207 (ser212 in foxo1), a conserved site in the forkhead domain. This phosphorylation interdicts 14-3-3 binding, promotes foxo nuclear residence and transcriptional activity.

SIGNOR-178190

Q96S44

Q96KB5

0

phosphorylation

up-regulates activity

0.418

In this study, we provide evidence showing that TOPK promotes metastasis of colorectal carcinoma, which is mediated through its phosphorylation of PRPK at Ser250.|Therefore, we conclude that TOPK directly promotes metastasis of colorectal cancer by modulating PRPK.

SIGNOR-278236

Q14353

P51608

0

post transcriptional regulation

up-regulates quantity by expression

0.279

MeCP2 binds to the promoter region of six target genes. ChIP with anti-MeCP2 antibody shows that MeCP2 binds to the promoter regions of activated targets Sst, Oprk1, Gamt, and Gprin1, and repressed targets Mef2c and A2bp1.

SIGNOR-264678

O00141

O14686

1

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.283

Elevated SGK1, in turn, phosphorylates KMT2D, suppressing its function, leading to a loss of methylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4) and a repressive chromatin state at ER loci to attenuate ER activity.

SIGNOR-277447

P09958

P06213

1

cleavage

up-regulates activity

0.283

Here we demonstrate that the two IR isoforms are similarly cleaved by furin, but when this furin-dependent maturation is inefficient, IR proforms move to the cell surface where the proprotein convertase PACE4 selectively supports IRB maturation.

SIGNOR-260365

Q96PU5

Q14524

1

ubiquitination

down-regulates quantity by destabilization

0.464

The control of Nav density at the cell membrane is crucial to ensuring normal neuronal excitability. Navs are subject to posttranslational modifications that may influence their cell membrane availability. Ubiquitylation is a key process that orchestrates the internalization and subsequent degradation or recycling of Navs. This is accomplished by ubiquitin protein ligases, such as NEDD4-2 (neuronal precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated-4 type 2).

SIGNOR-253456

Q9UJM3

P12931

0

phosphorylation

down-regulates activity

0.414

Prior phosphorylation of Y395 dramatically increases the rate of EGFR phosphorylation of Mig6 on Y394 in vitro, and suppression of Src activity pharmacologically or by shRNA decreased phosphorylation of Mig6 on this site in cells, impairing EGFR binding and inhibition.|We further found that Mig6 inhibition of EGFR is modulated by Src via phosphorylation of Mig6 on Y395.

SIGNOR-279116

Q9Y566

Q06787

0

post transcriptional regulation

up-regulates quantity

0.4

These results point toward a novel mechanism by which FUS targets neuronal mRNA and given that these PSD-95 and Shank1 3'-UTR G quadruplex structures are also targeted by the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), they raise the possibility that FUS and FMRP might work together to regulate the translation of these neuronal mRNA targets.

SIGNOR-262109