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P07711
P02818
1
cleavage
down-regulates quantity by destabilization
0.2
This study has been undertaken to compare the degradation of BGP by the cysteine proteinases cathepsins L, B, H, S, and the aspartic proteinase cathepsin D. Cathepsins B, L, H, and S readily cleave BGP at the G7-A8 bond; cathepsin L also cleaves at R43-R44; cathepsin B also cleaves at R44-F45; and cathepsin D cleaves only at A41-Y42.
SIGNOR-256322
P18031
P05787
1
dephosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.2
Keratin 8 phospho-Tyr-267 is dephosphorylated by PTP1B and promotes insolubility and filament organization, as does the paralogous GFAP tyrosine.
SIGNOR-265495
O75592
P10275
1
ubiquitination
down-regulates quantity by destabilization
0.2
We identified several E3 ligases as strong candidates responsible for AR and MYC protein loss as HECTD4, MYCBP2, and TRIM49. HECTD4 and MYCBP2 target AR and MYC for degradation while TRIM49 appears to promote AR and MYC stability. We have shown that these E3 ligases in turn are directly regulated by MYC. MYC in turn represses the expression of ubiquitin ligases, HECTD4 and MYCBP2 that promote AR and MYC protein degradation, further suppressing MYC and AR in a feed forward loop.
SIGNOR-267149
Q96AP0
P35244
1
binding
down-regulates activity
0.2
The current model for how telomeres repress ATR signaling proposes that POT1/TPP1 prevents the binding of RPA to the single-stranded telomeric DNA
SIGNOR-263329
P54792
Q9Y4D1
1
binding
up-regulates
0.2
Importantly, daam1 binds to disheveled (dvl) and thus functions downstream of the frizzled receptors. Little is known of how daam1 is localized and functions in mammalian cells.
SIGNOR-199451
Q13049
Q9H9R9
1
ubiquitination
down-regulates quantity by destabilization
0.2
TRIM32 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase for dysbindin. TRIM32 targets dysbindin for degradation.
SIGNOR-271422
Q86TM6
P05198
1
ubiquitination
down-regulates quantity by destabilization
0.2
HRD1 overexpression also decreased the expression of eIF2alpha and p-eIF2alpha in HKC-8 cells.|HRD1 promoted eIF2alpha ubiquitylation and degradation, thereby providing a protective mechanism that suppressed tubular epithelial cell apoptosis.
SIGNOR-278671
Q96S66
A0A0B4J2F0
1
binding
up-regulates activity
0.2
The PIGBOS microprotein interacts with the ER protein CLCC1. PIGBOS localizes to the mitochondrial outer membrane where itinteracts with the ER protein CLCC1 at ER–mitochondria contact sites. PIGBOS-CLCC1 interaction is necessary for PIGBOS function
SIGNOR-261040
O15264
Q12888
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.2
Here we show that 53BP1 is phosphorylated during mitosis on two residues, T1609 and S1618, located in its well-conserved ubiquitination-dependent recruitment (UDR) motif.|Dephosphorylation enables the recruitment of 53BP1 to double-strand DNA breaks |phosphorylation of T1609 is likely to be mediated by p38 MAPK
SIGNOR-264449
P28482
Q9BZI1
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
We tested the transcriptional properties of Irx2 by dividing it into amino- and carboxy terminal parts and found that Mek1-mediated phosphorylation activates and derepresses the amino and carboxyl parts, respectively. When Ser46 and Ser65 were mutated to alanine (S46A and S65A), phosphorylation was reduced, whereas substitution of Ser83 and Ser103 (S83A and S103A) did not affect phosphorylation.
SIGNOR-263052
Q15652
Q16695
1
demethylation
down-regulates activity
0.2
We now determine that JMJD1C is recruited by USF-1 to various lipogenic genes for H3K9 demethylation to enhance chromatin accessibility in the fed state.
SIGNOR-265170
P06493
Q9UI09
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
Here, we show that a fraction of cyclin B1/Cdk1 proteins localizes to the matrix of mitochondria and phosphorylates a cluster of mitochondrial proteins, including the complex I (CI) subunits in the respiratory chain. Cyclin B1/Cdk1-mediated CI phosphorylation enhances CI activity, whereas deficiency of such phosphorylation in each of the relevant CI subunits results in impairment of CI function.|These results were confirmed by generating phosphorylation defective forms of the five CI subunits through substitutions of S/T residues with Alanine (A) on either Cdk1 optimal or minimal consensus motifs (T383 on NDUFV1, S105 on NDUFV3, S364 on NDUFS2, S55/S29/T5 on NDUFB6, and T142/T120 on NDUFA12). The mutation of Cdk1 consensus motifs severely diminished their phosphorylation
SIGNOR-275587
P17676
P06702
1
transcriptional regulation
up-regulates quantity by expression
0.2
Among several known transcription factor binding motifs, nuclear protein(s) of VD3-treated HL-60 cells and THP-1 cells bound to the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-binding motif that was located in the upstream region of the MRP14 gene (-81), as evidenced by the competitive gel mobility-shift assay.|Thus, it was concluded that C/EBP alpha and -beta were able to bind to the C/EBP motif, and that C/EBP alpha bound to the motif in THP-1 cells and C/EBP beta bound to that in the VD3-treated HL-60 cells.
SIGNOR-254044
P04264
P25054
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
Phosphorylation of this central repeat region of APC significantly enhances its affinity for β-catenin. When the repeats are phosphorylated by the cooperative action of CK1 and GSK3β, the binding interaction is significantly altered and enhanced.
SIGNOR-251879
P48729
P11308
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates quantity by destabilization
0.2
Using in vitro kinase assays, we further demonstrated that deletion of degron 1 largely abolished CKI-mediated phosphorylation of ERG (Figure S5B), indicating that serine residues within degron 1 are the major CKI phosphorylation sites.
SIGNOR-276935
Q96LB1
P63092
1
binding
up-regulates activity
0.2
Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ‚â• -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ‚â• -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ‚â• -1.0.
SIGNOR-256787
Q8IXJ9
P37231
1
binding
down-regulates activity
0.2
Our genome-wide analysis confirmed the physiological roles of ASXL1 and ASXL2 in adipogenesis at the molecular level, supporting the hypothesis that ASXL1 is an authentic corepressor of PPARγ, whereas ASXL2 is a PPARγ coactivator, and that together ASXL1 and ASXL2 fine-tune adipogenesis via differential regulation of PPARγ. 
SIGNOR-260064
O14757
Q96E09
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.2
Knockout of FAM122A results in activation of PP2A-B55α, a phosphatase that dephosphorylates the WEE1 protein and rescues WEE1 from ubiquitin-mediated degradation. in tumor cells with oncogene-driven replication stress, CHK1 can directly phosphorylate FAM122A, leading to activation of the PP2A-B55α phosphatase and increased WEE1 expression.
SIGNOR-266380
P25098
Q13371
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.2
The phosphorylation of purified phosducin and PhLP by recombinant GRK2 proceeds rapidly and stoichiometrically (0.82 +/- 0.1 and 0.83 +/- 0.09 mol of P (i)/mol of protein, respectively).
SIGNOR-279178
P17612
Q16891
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.2
PKA directly phosphorylated the Ser528 residue of MIC60. Phosphorylation of MIC60 Interrupts Parkin Recruitment and Formation of the MICOS Complex
SIGNOR-266302
P10275
P55089
1
transcriptional regulation
down-regulates quantity by repression
0.2
When cells were treated with DHT alone, AR was upregulated and translocated into the nuclei, which might repress UCN1 expression via a potential androgen-responsive element found in human CRF family promoter|These data suggest that DHT differentially influences UCN1 levels under normal and inflammatory conditions in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which involves AR-dependent and -independent mechanisms respectively.
SIGNOR-253688
Q05513
P08670
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
Results suggest that aPKCs target multiple activation sites (Ser33/39/56) on Vimentin and therefore is essential for VIF dynamics regulation during the metastasis of prostate cancer cells.
SIGNOR-277622
P27361
Q9UKX7
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.2
Erk phosphorylates nup50 at ser221 and ser315 phosphorylation of nup50 reduces affinity for importin-beta
SIGNOR-187378
Q12857
Q9HD90
1
transcriptional regulation
up-regulates quantity
0.2
For example, within the NFI targetome, we identified 6 collagen genes, 13 genes encoding potassium channel or glutamate receptor subunits and a range of factors related to axon guidance (e.g. Slit1, Robo1, Epha4, Epha5, Epha8)
SIGNOR-268891
Q01094
Q86T82
1
transcriptional regulation
up-regulates quantity by expression
0.2
USP37 was induced by E2F transcription factors in G1|Ectopic E2F1 activated the wild-type promoter, but not the mutant promoter, 3-fold over basal levels in 293T cells (Figure 4F), confirming the functionality of the E2F binding sites in the USP37 promoter.
SIGNOR-265047
P17252
P30622
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates
0.2
Furthermore, by using phosphoproteomic analysis, we determined that s309 and s311 of clip-170 are phosphorylated in cells and mapped s311 as a protein kinase a (pka) phosphorylation site.phosphorylation of s311 may be critical for establishing the ?folded Back? Conformation of clip-170clip-170 open and folded back conformations represent active and inactive modes of the protein, respectively
SIGNOR-165857
Q8IWT3
Q96AC1
1
ubiquitination
down-regulates quantity by destabilization
0.2
M-phase-specific CDK1–cyclin B1 complex directly binds KIND1 and KIND2 and phosphorylates a conserved proline-directed CDK1 consensus motif in the flexible and intrinsically disordered loop of the F1 domain. This then results in the recruitment of the CUL9–FBXL10 complex, modification with K48-linked polyubiquitin chains and proteasomal degradation of KIND1 and KIND2.
SIGNOR-276717
P17612
Q2Q1W2
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates quantity by stabilization
0.2
 These observations suggested that LINK-A expression potentially inhibits PKA phosphorylation/activity and PKA-mediated phosphorylation of TRIM71 at Ser3.
SIGNOR-277454
Q9C0F0
O60885
1
binding
up-regulates activity
0.2
We report a critical link between BAP1 complex and BRD4, which is bridged by the physical interaction between ASXL3 and BRD4 in an SCLC subtype (SCLC-A), which expresses a high level of ASCL1. We further showed that ASXL3 functions as an adaptor protein, which directly interacts with BRD4's extra-terminal (ET) domain via a novel BRD4 binding motif (BBM), and maintains chromatin occupancy of BRD4 to active enhancers.
SIGNOR-266762
P11274
P37231
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.2
Overexpression of Bcr WT inhibited PPARgamma transcriptional activity (XREF_FIG).|Point-mutation and in vitro kinase analysis showed that PPAR\u03b3 was phosphorylated by Bcr at serine 82.
SIGNOR-279441
Q9P275
Q15910
1
deubiquitination
up-regulates quantity by stabilization
0.2
We observed a MELK-mediated increase of EZH2 S220 phosphorylation along with a concomitant loss of EZH2 K222 ubiquitination, suggesting a phosphorylation-dependent regulation of EZH2 ubiquitination.  Furthermore, we identify USP36 as the deubiquitinating enzyme that deubiquitinates EZH2 at K222.
SIGNOR-277481
Q14814
P17661
1
transcriptional regulation
up-regulates quantity by expression
0.2
Ectopic expression of myogenin and a specific Mef2 isoform induced myogenic differentiation without activating endogenous MyoD expression. Under these conditions, the regulatory sequences of late gene loci were not in close proximity, and these genes were prematurely activated.
SIGNOR-241504
Q9NX47
O95140
1
ubiquitination
up-regulates activity
0.2
Taken together, these results suggested that MITOL regulates endoplasmic reticulum tethering to mitochondria by activating Mfn2 via K192 ubiquitination.|Therefore, MITOL specifically ubiquitinates mitochondrial Mfn2.
SIGNOR-278553
Q9Y4C1
Q5TEC6
1
demethylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
Using a biochemical assay coupled with chromatography, we have purified a JmjC domain-containing protein, JHDM2A, which specifically demethylates mono- and dimethyl-H3K9. 
SIGNOR-276843
Q13315
Q96P70
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
In line with our previous results, IR exposure induced the nuclear accumulation of RanBP9, which was prevented by ATM inhibition using KU-55933.|Taken together these data indicate that RanBP9 is a novel target of ATM and that ATM phosphorylates at least two different residues (S181 and S603) of RanBP9 following IR exposure.
SIGNOR-278910
Q96KS0
P30566
1
hydroxylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
ADSL is hydroxylated by EglN2 on Proline 24. An integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis reveals that ADSL activates the oncogenic cMYC pathway by regulating cMYC protein level via a mechanism requiring ADSL proline 24 hydroxylation. ADSL regulates cMYC protein level through adenosine levels
SIGNOR-266613
Q86TM6
P23786
1
ubiquitination
down-regulates quantity
0.2
Taken together, these data suggest that HRD1 selectively and specifically downregulates intracellular CPT2 levels.|These results demonstrate that HRD1 ubiquitinates CPT2, which is processed through Lys-48-linked ubiquitin chains.
SIGNOR-278723
Q9H3R0
Q16665
2
binding
up-regulates activity
0.2
In hypoxia, HIF-1α dimerizes with HIF-1β to form active HIF-1 complex. JMJD2C interacts with HIF-1α and promotes the transcriptional activation of HIF-1 targeting genes via demethylating di- and trimethylated H3K9.
SIGNOR-263873
Q96PZ7
P01024
1
binding
down-regulates quantity
0.2
CUB and sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1) is a relatively poorly studied large transmembrane protein of 390 kDa composed of 14 N-terminal CUB domains interspersed with complement control protein (CCP) domains followed by 15 consecutive CCP domains. The active domains of CSMD1 were then identified in CCP17-21, which were shown to interact with C4b and C3b and present these complement proteins for degradation by factor
SIGNOR-265148
Q86U44
Q9BZX2
1
post transcriptional regulation
up-regulates quantity by stabilization
0.2
Furthermore, the m6A modification regulated by METTL3 led to UCK2 increased messenger RNA (mRNA) stability in melanoma cancer. Functional and mechanistic experiments indicated that UCK2 enhanced the metastasis of melanoma cancer cells through the WNT/β-catenin pathway.
SIGNOR-275862
P12931
P25098
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
Here, we demonstrate that c-Src kinase activity increases the interaction between GRK2 and Galphaq. Tyrosine phosphorylation of GRK2 appears to be critically involved in the modulation of this interaction since the stimulatory effect of c-Src is not observed with a GRK2 mutant with impaired tyrosine phosphorylation (GRK2 Y13,86,92F), whereas a mutant that mimics GRK2 tyrosine phosphorylation in these residues displays an increased interaction with Galphaq. 
SIGNOR-266305
P62714
Q12933
1
dephosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.2
We show that the Thr117 residue in TRAF2 is phosphorylated following TNFalpha stimulation. This phosphorylation process is modulated by PP2A and is required for TRAF2 functional activity.
SIGNOR-248597
Q8WY64
P10275
1
ubiquitination
down-regulates quantity
0.2
MYLIP knockdown increased AR protein levels whereas CNPY2 knockdown increased MYLIP and reduced AR protein expression levels.|These results showed that the E3 ligase MYLIP could ubiquitinate lysine 845 and 847 residues of AR.
SIGNOR-278766
P36406
P37231
1
ubiquitination
up-regulates quantity by stabilization
0.2
In this study, we showed that TRIM23 mediates atypical polyubiquitin conjugation including M1- and K27 linked ubiquitin chains to PPARgamma and that ubiquitination of PPARgamma by TRIM23 causes reduced recognition of PPARgamma by 26S proteasome.
SIGNOR-278577
O75293
Q9UQ88
1
binding
down-regulates activity
0.2
Western blot analysis for SPDEF revealed that overexpression of GADD45α, β and γ prevents SPDEF degradation mediated by CDK11p58 |We identified CDK11p58 as an interaction partner of GADD45α by co-immunoprecipitation analysis. We corroborated these data by co-immunoprecipitation in vitro translation assays, showing that all three members of the GADD45 family interact with CDK11p58.
SIGNOR-273024
Q13043
Q06830
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.2
Mst1 inactivates Prdx1 by phosphorylating it at Thr-90 and Thr-183, leading to accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in cells.Prdx1 is phosphorylated by Mst1 predominantly at Thr-18, Thr-90, and Thr-183.
SIGNOR-276486
Q96G91
P19086
1
binding
up-regulates activity
0.2
Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0.
SIGNOR-257328
O00635
O00635
2
polyubiquitination
down-regulates quantity by destabilization
0.2
Our study shows that, similar to other TRIM family members, TRIM38 is localized in the cytoplasm. TRIM38 increases ubiquitination of other cellular proteins and catalyzes self-ubiquitination. TRIM38 also promotes K63- and K48-linked ubiquitination of cellular proteins. An intact RING domain is important for the functions of TRIM38. In addition, enterovirus 71 infection induces TRIM38 degradation.
SIGNOR-271906
P68400
O15259
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates
0.2
Casein kinase 2 (ck2)-mediated phosphorylation of three critical serine residues within a cluster of acidic amino acids in nephrocystin mediates pacs-1 binding, and is essential for colocalization of nephrocystin with pacs-1 at the base of cilia. Inhibition of ck2 activity abrogates this interaction and results in the loss of correct nephrocystin targeting.
SIGNOR-142343
Q9NQU5
P15976
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
In addition, PAK5 knockdown also markedly reduced the association of GATA1 with HDAC3/4.|PAK5 phosphorylates the transcription factor GATA1 mainly at Ser161 and Ser 187, phosphorylated GATA1 recruits more HDAC3/4 to the promoter of E-cadherin and consequently suppresses the transcription of E-cadherin gene and promotes the EMT of breast cancer cells.
SIGNOR-278415
Q7Z6M2
O00303
1
polyubiquitination
down-regulates quantity by destabilization
0.2
Mediation of eIF3-f polyubiquitination by the SCFMAFbx. The association of MAFbx with the essential Skp1, Roc 1 and Cul1 proteins, specific components of an E3 ubiquitin–protein ligase (SCFMAFbx), was previously described. Here, we present evidence that during muscle atrophy MAFbx targets the eukaryotic initiation factor 3 subunit 5 (eIF3-f) for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome.
SIGNOR-271768
Q9Y5H6
P05556
1
binding
up-regulates activity
0.2
The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion.
SIGNOR-265671
Q8TE49
Q13546
1
deubiquitination
down-regulates activity
0.2
NF-kappaB Suppression by the Deubiquitinating Enzyme Cezanne|Our study provides several lines of evidence to suggest that Cezanne suppresses TNFR signaling to NF-κB by targeting RIP1 for deubiquitination.
SIGNOR-268410
P43657
P08754
1
binding
up-regulates activity
0.2
Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0.
SIGNOR-256868
Q9NYV4
Q13177
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
Mechanistically, CDK12 directly binds to and phosphorylates PAK2 at T134/T169 to activate MAPK signaling pathway
SIGNOR-273110
Q9C009
Q15746
1
transcriptional regulation
down-regulates quantity by repression
0.2
Results from this analysis revealed that the inhibitory activity of HFH-1 was contained within the forkhead DNA-binding domain. Truncated HFH-1 proteins that lack the entire forkhead domain were unable to repress telokin promoter activity, in contrast expression of the forkhead domain alone was able to repress promoter activity
SIGNOR-261609
P49760
P49760
2
phosphorylation
up-regulates
0.2
Clk2 was reported to regulate its nuclear localization by autophosphorylating serine 141
SIGNOR-167344
Q99835
Q9UBI6
1
binding
up-regulates
0.2
As pka suppresses the activity of gli, smo might use the stimulation of pi3k by galfai and gbetagamma subu- nits to block pka in cells that have high levels of camp.
SIGNOR-152817
P18848
O43776
1
transcriptional regulation
up-regulates quantity by expression
0.2
QRICH1 promotes the expression of translation-related genes. our combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified that QRICH1 and ATF4 were enriched at the promoters of these specific tRNA synthetases, and that ER stress positively regulated their transcription (Fig. 4I). Together, these findings suggest that QRICH1 and ATF4 modulate tRNA metabolic processes to promote secreted protein synthesis during ER stress.
SIGNOR-269422
Q9Y4B6
Q9NRM7
1
binding
down-regulates quantity by destabilization
0.2
CRL4 DCAF1 ubiquitylates and inhibits Lats.
SIGNOR-272227
P68400
P18848
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates quantity by destabilization
0.2
By using mutants of ATF4 we identified serine 215 as the main CK2 phosphorylation site. The ATF4 S215A mutant turned out to be more stable than the wild-type form. 
SIGNOR-276425
O75385
Q86WV6
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.2
Collectively, our data indicates that cGAS is essential for the activation of AMPK and ULK1 suppression of STING (XREF_FIG) and that cGAMPs are responsible for triggering the dephosphorylation of AMPK T172 and activation of ULK1 which phosphorylates STING on S366 to impede its activity (XREF_FIG).|Collectively, our data indicates that cGAS is essential for the activation of AMPK/ULK1 suppression of STING ( xref ) and that cGAMPs are responsible for triggering the dephosphorylation of AMPK T172 and activation of ULK1 which phosphorylates STING on S366 to impede its activity ( xref ).
SIGNOR-279316
O14965
Q5FBB7
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
Loss of INCENP/Aurora B in Mitosis Correlates with Delocalization of MEI-S332|MEI-S332 Is Phosphorylated by Aurora B In Vitro|Of these, MEI-S332S124,125,126A was a poor substrate for Aurora B kinase in vitro
SIGNOR-252046
Q9UGL1
Q16695
1
demethylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
KDM5 subfamily is capable of removing tri‐ and di‐ methyl marks from lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4). Depending on the methylation site, its effect on transcription can be either activating or repressing.
SIGNOR-264303
Q9UQF2
Q06330
1
binding
down-regulates
0.2
Here, we show that jip1 suppresses notch1 activity. Jip1 was found to physically associate with either intracellular domain of notch1 or rbp-jk and interfere with the interaction between them.
SIGNOR-165713
P15531
P15531
2
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
An acid-stable (nonhistidine) phosphorylation was identified on autophosphorylated purified recombinant Nm23 proteins and [32P]orthophosphate-labeled human breast carcinoma and murine melanoma Nm23. Phosphoamino acid analysis identified serine as the acid-stable phosphorylation and serine 44 as the major site of phosphorylation. The biological relevance of the novel phosphorylation identified herein is suggested by the direct correlation of in vivo Nm23 acid-stable phosphorylation levels, but not Nm23 NDPK activity, with suppression of tumor metastatic potential among control and nm23-1 transfected murine melanoma cells.
SIGNOR-250303
Q9UMX1
Q9UMX1
2
binding
up-regulates
0.2
Hsu(fu) associated with itself / homo- or heterodimers of hsu(fu) might function to bring together other effector proteins
SIGNOR-72311
P35367
P08754
1
binding
up-regulates activity
0.2
Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0.
SIGNOR-257163
P17252
Q86UX7
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
 PKC-induced phosphorylation events, as we have shown kindlin-3 to be a PKC phosphorylation target (Fig. 6C), are often followed by rapid activation of phosphatases (38). 
SIGNOR-266415
Q8NHY2
Q13085
1
ubiquitination
down-regulates quantity by destabilization
0.2
TRB3 appears to inhibit ACC activity by functioning as an adaptor for COP1.  Taken together, these results suggest that TRB3 may promote loss of fat by mediating the COP1-dependent ubiquitination and inactivation of ACC. Taking these results together, we propose that TRB3 may protect against diet-induced obesity by stimulating fatty acid oxidation in adipose during fasting through the COP1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of ACC (Fig. 4D).
SIGNOR-271598
Q02156
P11362
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates
0.2
Phosphorylation of serine 779 in fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and 2 by protein kinase c(epsilon) regulates ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and neuronal differentiationour findings show that in addition to fgfr tyrosine phosphorylation, the phosphorylation of a conserved serine residue, ser(779), can quantitatively control ras/mapk signaling to promote specific cellular responses.
SIGNOR-201671
Q8TD19
Q9GZQ8
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.2
LC3B is phosphorylated at Thr-50 within the LDS by serine/threonine kinase (STK) 3 and STK4. Here, we identified LIR motifs in STK3 and atypical protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ) and never in mitosis A (NIMA)-related kinase 9 (NEK9). All three kinases phosphorylated LC3B Thr-50 in vitro A phospho-mimicking substitution of Thr-50 impaired binding of several LIR-containing proteins, such as ATG4B, FYVE, and coiled-coil domain-containing 1 (FYCO1), and autophagy cargo receptors p62/sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) and neighbor of BRCA1 gene (NBR1).
SIGNOR-273904
Q9NX47
Q07820
1
ubiquitination
down-regulates quantity by destabilization
0.2
MARCH5 promotes ubiquitination of MCL1 and NOXA.|Together, this suggests that degradation of MCL1 by MARCH5 depends on binding to NOXA, but degradation of NOXA may be promoted by additional E3-ligases if MCL1 levels become limited, or can simply no longer be degraded.
SIGNOR-278700
P28482
Q9UPP1
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates activity
0.2
Upon IFNgamma treatment, PHF8 is phosphorylated by ERK2 and evicted from the promoters, which correlates with an increase in H4K20me1 and H3K4me3 levels.
SIGNOR-279745
Q99704
P16144
1
binding
down-regulates activity
0.2
Integrins also bind to many PTBdomain-containing proteins (Calderwood et al., 2003) – including Dok1 and integrincytoplasmic-domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP1) – and these can compete with talin for binding to integrin and so can impair activation
SIGNOR-257689
P32249
P09471
1
binding
up-regulates activity
0.2
Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0.
SIGNOR-256994
Q05513
P35611
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates
0.2
These data demonstrate that adducin is a significant in vivo substrate for pkc or other pma-activated kinases in a variety of cells, and that phosphorylation of adducin occurs in dendritic spines that are believed to respond to external signals by changes in morphology and reorganization of cytoskeletal structures. Ser-726 and ser-713 in the c-terminal marcks-related domains of alpha- and beta-adducin, respectively, were identified as the major phosphorylation sites common for pka and pkc.
SIGNOR-43834
Q13627
Q07820
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates quantity
0.2
Furthermore, DYRK1A likely directly bound and phosphorylated Mcl-1, thereby enhancing Mcl-1 protein stability and contributing to the development of acquired resistance to Bcl-2 inhibitors.|DYRK1A upregulates Mcl-1 expression in NSCLC cells.|We demonstrated that DYRK1A suppression by siRNA or harmine decreased the phosphorylation of Mcl-1 at Ser159/Thr163.
SIGNOR-279704
Q495A1
P32121
1
binding
up-regulates activity
0.2
With TIGIT/PVR engagement, cytoplasmic TIGIT was phosphorylated at Tyr-225 and Tyr-231 residues. Phosphorylated Tyr-225 recruits adaptor protein beta arrestin 2|TIGIT/PVR signaling mediates suppression of IFN- gamma production via the NF-kappaB pathway. We identified a new adaptor β-arrestin 2 that associates with phosphorylated TIGIT and mediates recruitment of inositol phosphatase SHIP1 through the ITT-like motif (Fig. 7). Finally, SHIP1 impairs TRAF6 autoubiquitination to abolish NF-kappaB activation, leading to inhibition of IFN- gamma production in NK cells.
SIGNOR-261482
Q92913
Q9Y5Y9
1
binding
down-regulates activity
0.2
Sodium channel fast inactivation is modulated by alpha subunit interaction with a family of cytoplasmic proteins termed fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs). In this paper, we report that all A-type FHFs exert rapid onset long-term inactivation on Nav1.6 and other sodium channels.
SIGNOR-253439
Q9Y5H9
Q9Y5G5
1
binding
up-regulates activity
0.2
The clustered protocadherins comprise the largest subfamily of the cadherin superfamily and are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. Pcdh-alpha proteins interact with beta1-integrin to promote cell adhesion. They also form oligomers with Pcdh-gamma proteins at the same membrane sites.
SIGNOR-265680
O95257
Q9UQ88
1
binding
down-regulates activity
0.2
Western blot analysis for SPDEF revealed that overexpression of GADD45α, β and γ prevents SPDEF degradation mediated by CDK11p58 |We identified CDK11p58 as an interaction partner of GADD45α by co-immunoprecipitation analysis. We corroborated these data by co-immunoprecipitation in vitro translation assays, showing that all three members of the GADD45 family interact with CDK11p58.
SIGNOR-273025
Q9NW38
P35222
1
ubiquitination
up-regulates activity
0.2
Here we provide evidence that FANCL increases the activity and expression of beta-catenin, a key pluripotency factor in hematopoietic stem cells.|We show that FANCL ubiquitinates \u03b2-catenin with atypical ubiquitin chain extension known to have nonproteolytic functions.
SIGNOR-278651
Q7Z6Z7
O95251
1
ubiquitination
down-regulates quantity by destabilization
0.2
Moreover, we determined that Huwe1 is a novel E3 ligase for Myst2 degradation in mESCs, and Brpf3 disturbs Huwe1 mediated ubiquitination of Myst2 via interaction with Huwe1 and Myst2.
SIGNOR-278652
P49841
P17275
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates quantity by destabilization
0.2
 Thus, JunB phosphorylation at S251 and T255 by GSK3β is primed by phosphorylation at S259 by a yet to-be-identified kinase.Phosphorylation at S251, T255 and S259 is required for JunB degradation.
SIGNOR-276417
O60315
P11473
1
transcriptional regulation
up-regulates quantity by expression
0.2
ZEB, a Krüppel-type transcription factor known to repress the transcription of several genes, binds to two sites within the VDR promoter and activates the transcription of this receptor in a cell-specific manner. Transfection of ZEB into SW620 colon carcinoma cells results in an up-regulation of the expression of endogenous VDR, confirming the role of ZEB in the transcriptional activation of the VDR gene.
SIGNOR-268954
P68400
O95786
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates
0.2
Threonine at amino acid (aa) 770 and serine at aa 854 to 855 of rig-i are phosphorylated by casein kinase ii (ck2) in the resting state of the cell and dephosphorylated when cells are infected by rna virus. Mutation at aa position 770 or 854 to 855 of rig-i renders it constitutively active
SIGNOR-169404
Q9Y4D8
P10275
1
ubiquitination
down-regulates quantity by destabilization
0.2
We identified several E3 ligases as strong candidates responsible for AR and MYC protein loss as HECTD4, MYCBP2, and TRIM49. HECTD4 and MYCBP2 target AR and MYC for degradation while TRIM49 appears to promote AR and MYC stability. We have shown that these E3 ligases in turn are directly regulated by MYC. MYC in turn represses the expression of ubiquitin ligases, HECTD4 and MYCBP2 that promote AR and MYC protein degradation, further suppressing MYC and AR in a feed forward loop.
SIGNOR-267148
Q9Y4K4
P49841
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates
0.2
Gckr can phosphorylate an n-terminal recombinant fusion protein of gsk3_ and enhance the in vivo phosphorylation of gsk3_ on serine 9reduction of gckr expression inhibits wnt3a-induced phosphorylation of gsk3_ at serine 9 and decreases the accumulation of cytosolic _-catenin.
SIGNOR-148908
P08912
P08754
1
binding
up-regulates activity
0.2
Here we systematically quantified ligand-induced interactions between 148 GPCRs and all 11 unique G alpha subunit C-termini. For each receptor, we probed chimeric G alpha subunit activation via a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) shedding response in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous Gq/11- and G12/13- signaling. | We defined positive coupling if any member of the subfamily scored LogRAi ≥ -1 and negative coupling if all of the members scored LogRAi < -1 (Figure 3A-B). ROC analysis gives AUC = 0.78 (Figure S4A) when considering high-confidence known coupling data and suggested a threshold of LogRAi ≥ -1.0 for defining true couplings. | The score associated to this interaction has a LogRAi ≥ -1.0.
SIGNOR-256873
P68400
Q92538
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates quantity by destabilization
0.2
We show that, in mitosis, GBF1 is phosphorylated on Ser292 and Ser297 by casein kinase-2 allowing recognition by the F-box protein βTrCP. GBF1 interaction with βTrCP recruits GBF1 to the SCFβTrCP ubiquitin ligase complex, triggering its degradation.
SIGNOR-277398
Q12926
O14672
1
post transcriptional regulation
up-regulates quantity
0.2
Neuronal ELAV (nELAV) proteins are RNA-binding proteins which play a physiological role in controlling gene expression in memory formation, and their alteration may contribute to cognitive impairment associated with neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The experiments show for the first time that ADAM10mRNA represents a nELAV target and that these RNA-binding proteins can play a role in the post-transcriptional regulation of ADAM10 expression. nELAV proteins specifically bind the ADAM10 mRNA and this binding is disrupted following Aβ exposure
SIGNOR-266863
Q13315
Q6UWZ7
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
In this study, we demonstrate that ionizing radiation (IR)-induces ATM-dependent phosphorylation of serine 404 (S404) next to the pSPxF motif. Crystal structures of BRCT/Abraxas show that phosphorylation of S404 is important for extensive interactions through the N-terminal sequence outside the pSPxF motif and leads to formation of a stable dimer.
SIGNOR-255587
Q9BXA7
Q9BXA7
2
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
Electrospray Q‐TOF2 mass spectroscopy analysis of a trypsin digested TSSK1 purified from E. coli, revealed that it was phosphorylated at its T‐loop residue (Fig. 2D), indicating that TSSK1 as was previously shown for MELK [18], can autophosphorylate its T‐loop Thr residue.
SIGNOR-260823
Q00535
Q96KR7
1
phosphorylation
down-regulates quantity
0.2
We show that scapinin is phosphorylated at a highly conserved site in the central region of the protein (Ser-277) by Cdk5 in vitro. Expression of a scapinin phospho-mimetic mutant (S277D) restored normal axon elongation without affecting actin binding. Instead, phosphorylated scapinin was sequestered in the cytoplasm of neurons and away from the axon. 
SIGNOR-273607
O95989
P31751
1
binding
up-regulates
0.2
Full-length tcl1 and its isoforms bind to akt / in in vitro kinase assays using gsk-3_ as a substrate, we found that the presence of any of the tcl1 family proteins (tcl1, mtcp1, or tcl1b) as gst fusion proteins significantly enhanced akt-induced gsk-3_ phosphorylation
SIGNOR-81759
Q12857
Q14938
1
transcriptional regulation
up-regulates quantity
0.2
We report that, in the absence of Nfia or Nfib, there is a marked reduction in the spinal cord expression of NFIX, and that NFIB can transcriptionally activate Nfix expression in vitro. These data demonstrate that NFIX is part of the downstream transcriptional program through which NFIA and NFIB coordinate gliogenesis within the spinal cord.
SIGNOR-268871
Q92833
P15173
1
transcriptional regulation
down-regulates quantity by repression
0.2
JARID2 is a direct target of the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion protein and inhibits myogenic differentiation of rhabdomyosarcoma cells|Addition of Differentiation Media (DM) to human myoblasts was associated with the induction of MYOG, MYOD and MYL1 and a decrease in JARID2 RNA expression|Furthermore, we that showed JARID2 binds to and alters the methylation status of histone H3 lysine 27 in the promoter regions of MYOG and MYL1 and that the interaction of JARID2 at these promoters is dependent upon EED, a core component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). Therefore JARID2 is a downstream effector of PAX3-FOXO1 that maintains an undifferentiated myogenic phenotype that is characteristic of RMS
SIGNOR-249599
P67870
Q99250
1
phosphorylation
up-regulates activity
0.2
We found that the ankyrin-binding motif of Na(v)1.2 that determines channel concentration at the AIS depends on a glutamate residue (E1111), but also on several serine residues (S1112, S1124, and S1126). We showed that phosphorylation of these residues by protein kinase CK2 (CK2) regulates Na(v) channel interaction with ankyrins. | inhibition of CK2 activity reduced sodium channel accumulation at the AIS of neurons. In conclusion, CK2 contributes to sodium channel organization by regulating their interaction with ankyrin G.
SIGNOR-275752
Q9H2C0
Q676U5
1
ubiquitination
down-regulates quantity
0.2
Here we identify Gigaxonin24, an E3 ligase mutated in a fatal neurodegenerative disease called giant axonal neuropathy (GAN)25, as the first regulator of ATG16L1. Gigaxonin poly-ubiquitinates and controls the degradation of ATG16L1, and is essential to activate autophagy.
SIGNOR-268948