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other | The DISCiPLE was a floppy disk interface for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum home computer. | ||||||
other | Designed by Miles Gordon Technology, it was marketed by Rockfort Products and launched in 1986. | ||||||
other | Like Sinclair's own ZX Interface 1, the DISCiPLE was a wedge-shaped unit fitting underneath the Spectrum. | ||||||
other | It was designed as a super-interface, providing all the facilities a Spectrum owner could need. | ||||||
other | In addition to floppy-disk, parallel port printer interface and a "magic button" (see Non-maskable interrupt), it also offered twin joystick ports, Sinclair ZX Net-compatible network ports and an inhibit button for disabling the device. | ||||||
other | At the rear of the unit was a pass-through port for connecting further devices, although the complexity of the DISCiPLE meant that many would not work, or only if the DISCiPLE was "turned off" using the inhibit button. | ||||||
other | The DISCiPLE was a considerable success but its sophistication meant that it was expensive and the plastic casing, located beneath the computer itself, was sometimes prone to overheating. | ||||||
other | These factors led to the development of MGT's later +D interface. | ||||||
other | The DISCiPLE's DOS was named GDOS. | ||||||
other | MGT's later DOSs ("G+DOS" for the +D, and "SAM DOS" for the SAM Coupé) were backwards-compatible with GDOS. | ||||||
other | In later years a complete new system called UNI-DOS was developed by SD Software for the DISCiPLE and +D interfaces. | ||||||
other | In October 1993 "The Complete DISCiPLE Disassembly" was published in book form, documenting the "GDOS system 3d" version. | ||||||
other | The popularity of the DISCiPLE led to the formation of a user group and magazine, INDUG, which later became Format Publications. | ||||||
other | Usergroups like INDUG/Format in the UK or DISCiPLE-Nieuwsbrief in the Netherlands produced enhancements such as extended printer support. | ||||||
other | Kingdom Identity Ministries | ||||||
other | Kingdom Identity Ministries (KIM) is a Christian Identity outreach ministry based in Harrison, Arkansas, which advocates racism, anti-Semitism and the execution of homosexuals. | ||||||
other | Its website states that it "is an outreach ministry to God's chosen race (true Israel, the White, European peoples)". | ||||||
other | It functions primarily as a distributor of Identity-oriented books, tracts and audiotapes. | ||||||
other | KIM also offers correspondence courses through its American Institute of Theology and it produces a radio program, "Herald of Truth", which is broadcast on shortwave, satellite and Internet radio. | ||||||
other | The Southern Poverty Law Center considers it "the largest supplier in existence of materials related to Christian Identity". | ||||||
other | It was founded in 1982 by Mike Hallimore and owns the copyright to a number of works on Christian Identity by Bertran Camparet and Wesley Swift. | ||||||
other | In addition to Christian Identity material it circulates white supremacist material, including sending out white supremacist pamphlets to rural communities in Pennsylvania and funding distribution of a white-power CD in 2007. | ||||||
other | +D | ||||||
other | The +D (or Plus D) was a floppy disk and printer interface for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum home computer, developed as a successor to Miles Gordon Technology's earlier product, the DISCiPLE. | ||||||
other | It was designed to be smaller, cheaper, simpler and thus more reliable. | ||||||
other | It discarded a number of the less important features of the earlier product — the network and joystick ports, the inhibit button and the pass-through connector — and replaced its ancestor's plastic wedge-shaped design which fit under the Spectrum with a simple flat metal slab which protruded from the rear of the comput... | ||||||
other | It provided only floppy disk and Centronics parallel interfaces, plus a non-maskable interrupt button. | ||||||
other | The +D's casing was simple folded steel, which was not only stronger than before but acted as a heatsink, improving reliability. | ||||||
other | Apart from the missing ports, though, it was software-compatible with the larger device. | ||||||
other | The +D's DOS was named G+DOS, and was compatible with the DISCiPLE's DOS, "GDOS". | ||||||
other | "SAM DOS" for MGT's SAM Coupé was backwards-compatible with GDOS and G+DOS. | ||||||
other | "The Complete +D Disassembly" by Rudy Biesma documents the "G+DOS system 2a" version. | ||||||
other | An enhanced version called Beta DOS fixed bugs and added features. | ||||||
other | In later years a complete new system called UNI-DOS was developed by SD Software for the DISCiPLE and +D interfaces. | ||||||
other | The popularity of the DISCiPLE led to the formation of a user group and magazine, INDUG, which later became Format Publications. | ||||||
other | Usergroups like INDUG/Format in the UK or DISCiPLE-Nieuwsbrief in the Netherlands produced enhancements such as extended printer support. | ||||||
other | The +D design was later licensed by Datel and it continued on sale for some years after MGT's demise. | ||||||
other | Its design and chips have been released into the public domain and it still remains available commercially or even as a DIY project. | ||||||
other | National League System | ||||||
other | The National League System comprises the seven levels of the English football league system immediately below the level of the English Football League. | ||||||
other | It contains 95 league competitions and more than 1,600 clubs. | ||||||
other | It comes under the jurisdiction of The Football Association. | ||||||
other | The National League System has a hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between leagues at different levels. | ||||||
other | For details of leagues above and below the National League System, see the English football league system. | ||||||
other | The system underwent a rearrangement from 2004 to 2008 and was rearranged in 2018. | ||||||
other | Phase one went into operation in 2004–05. | ||||||
other | At the start of the 2006–07 season, phase two was introduced, and a further phase three started from 2007–08 with the starting of a second Step 4 league in the north of England. | ||||||
other | Phase four took effect in 2018–19. | ||||||
other | At the top of the National League System pyramid is the National League. | ||||||
other | Its top division, also called the National League (currently called the Motorama National League), is the only division in the System which is organised on a national rather than regional basis. | ||||||
other | Although the National League is the top level of the non-league pyramid, it is not the highest level of English football (it is actually the fifth overall division). | ||||||
other | The Premier League and the three divisions of the English Football League (EFL) comprise the top 92 clubs in the English game, and two teams from the National League are currently able to achieve promotion to the English Football League. | ||||||
other | Some leagues have more than one division. | ||||||
other | At the lower levels the existence of leagues becomes intermittent, although in some areas there are as many as twenty layers. | ||||||
other | All the leagues are bound together by the principle of promotion and relegation. | ||||||
other | Clubs that are successful in their league can rise higher in the pyramid, whilst those that finish at the bottom can find themselves sinking further down. | ||||||
other | In theory it is possible for a lowly local amateur club to rise to the pinnacle of the English game and become champions of the Premier League. | ||||||
other | While this may be unlikely in practice, there certainly is significant movement within the pyramid. | ||||||
other | The number of teams promoted between leagues or divisions varies, and promotion is usually contingent on meeting criteria set by the higher league, especially concerning appropriate facilities and finances. | ||||||
other | In particular, clubs that hope to be promoted from Step 5 leagues to Step 4 must apply in advance to be assessed for whether they meet the grading requirements. | ||||||
other | The teams must then also finish in the top 3 in their league to be considered for promotion, which is not automatic. | ||||||
other | For instance, in the 2005–06 season 100 clubs applied to be considered for promotion, of which 51 met the grading requirements, and 29 of those finished in the top 3 in their leagues. | ||||||
other | With an additional division commencing at Step 4 in 2006–07, all 29 clubs had their promotions accepted. | ||||||
other | Under the direction of The Football Association, the National League System evolved over many years. | ||||||
other | Today's pyramid can be said to be barely twenty years old. | ||||||
other | Leagues have formed and dissolved over the years and reorganisations have taken place every few years as a result. | ||||||
other | Beginning with the 2004–05 season, Phase One of the latest change was introduced with the formation of a Conference North and Conference South immediately below the Football Conference, renamed Conference Premier, dropping the top divisions of the Southern League, Isthmian League, and Northern Premier League down one l... | ||||||
other | The Conference North and South have since been renamed the National League North and South. | ||||||
other | This table includes the seven steps of the National League System (NLS). | ||||||
other | Above the NLS are the Premier League and the English Football League. | ||||||
other | Two teams from the National League can be promoted to EFL League Two at the end of each season. | ||||||
other | This structure was the result of changes made after the 2005–06 season. | ||||||
other | The official name is given for all the leagues listed, and the sponsorship name is also provided for the leagues in the top four steps. | ||||||
other | All divisions in the top four steps have 20 to 24 clubs each. | ||||||
other | The FA's National League System Committee determine promotion and relegation between leagues shown, mainly based on location. | ||||||
other | The NLS Committee also has the power to transfer clubs between divisions and even leagues at the same level of the pyramid should this be deemed necessary to maintain geographically practical and numerically balanced divisions and leagues at every level. | ||||||
other | All clubs in the NLS are eligible to compete in the FA Cup, but are seeded into it according to tier standing. | ||||||
other | Tiers 1 to 4 clubs are eligible for the FA Trophy and tiers 5 to 7 for the FA Vase, as well as their respective regional and county cups. | ||||||
other | With the arrival of the new sponsors for the Football Conference starting in the 2007–08 season, the administrators of the Conference announced the reintroduction of the short-lived Conference League Cup. | ||||||
other | This competition, as its predecessor, was open to clubs in tiers 1 and 2 of the NLS. | ||||||
other | Source | ||||||
other | For the 2012–13 season, the FA announced a re-structuring of the National League System's lowest level, Step 7. | ||||||
other | It was split into three sub-categories, which were full Step 7 divisions, Step 7A and Step 7B. | ||||||
other | The categorisation depended on the ground facilities of the particular league's clubs. | ||||||
other | The required percentage of clubs to meet ground grade requirements for each of the categorisations were as follows: | ||||||
other | Step 7 – is awarded to leagues where 100% of their clubs meet the Step 7 minimum ground grading requirements as of 31 March and the league complies with all other requirements for Step 7 status. | ||||||
other | Step 7A – was awarded to leagues where 75% or more of their clubs met the Step 7 minimum ground grading requirements after 31 March and the league complied with all other requirements for Step 7 status. | ||||||
other | (It was noted that in Season 2011/12 these leagues were referred to as provisional) | ||||||
other | Step 7B – was awarded to leagues where 60% or more of their clubs met the ground grading requirements after 31 March and the league complied with all other requirements for Step 7 status. | ||||||
other | The sub-categories were removed in the 2016–17 season. | ||||||
other | In March 2018, representatives of the National League system confirmed that a pure pyramid in a 1-2-4-8-16 was the goal. | ||||||
other | This would mean the introduction of an eighth division at Step 4 and two further divisions at Step 5. | ||||||
other | The comments were made just prior to the introduction of the fourth division at Step 3 and the seventh at Step 4. | ||||||
other | On 17 April 2019, it was clarified that there would be 17 divisions at Step 6, down from 19 in 2018–19 and that the two new divisions at Step 5 would be in the Midlands and the west London/Thames Valley areas. | ||||||
other | On 24 April, it was announced that the Northern Premier League had been awarded the operation of the eighth division at Step 4. | ||||||
other | Maserati Bora | ||||||
other | The Maserati Bora (Tipo 117) is a mid-engined two-seat coupe manufactured by Maserati from 1971 to 1978. | ||||||
other | In common with other Maserati cars of the era, it is named after a wind, Bora being the wind of Trieste. | ||||||
other | It is powered by a V8 engine and the official Maserati website quotes a top speed of for the Bora 4.7 and for the Bora 4.9, although many sources state higher or lower numbers. | ||||||
other | Shortly after Citroën took a controlling interest in Maserati in 1968, the concept of a mid-engined two-seat sports car was proposed. |
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