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So far, my students love solving equations and solving inequalities. I mean they literally love it. They tell me over and over how much fun these problems are. I couldn't be a happier teacher...
I got a chance to share with all the teachers in my building about interactive notebooks last week. I will write more about this opportunity later, but it was an amazing experience. I could have talked about foldables and graphic organizers and ideas for hours. I'm so excited that other teachers are going to try to implement foldables and more interactive learning strategies in their classrooms!
In other news, I am incredibly behind in blogging. I still need to blog about how I taught integer operations as well as solving equations. I should really reflect on how my Algebra 2 and College Algebra courses are going. I want to blog about the review auction game I played with my Algebra 1 students and how I've been using the idea of clock partners with my Algebra 1 and Algebra 2 students. Then, I have posts planned about bellwork and exit tickets and interactive notebooks in general. Seriously, when do you guys find enough time to blog about everything you want to?
|I used Sarah @ Everybody is a Genius' brilliant notes over combining like terms.|
|Steps for Solving Multi-Step Equations (I used the flow chart available here.)|
|Inside of Graphing Inequalities Foldable|
|Steps for Graphing Inequalities Notes|
|Solving 1 and 2 Step Inequality Notes. I'm not too thrilled with this page.|
|Compound Inequalities Notes|
|Compound Inequalities Foldable (Outside)|
|Compound Inequalities Foldable (Inside)|
|Compound Inequality Notes|
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WASHINGTON – U.S. Commerce Secretary Gary Locke today announced a $5.9 million Recovery Act grant that will expand broadband Internet access at the South Carolina Technical College System's 16 member colleges across the state. The investment will help bridge the technological divide, improve education, and help more South Carolinians gain the skills needed to compete in the 21st century workforce.
"Thanks to this funding, public computer centers and computer labs throughout the state of South Carolina will be able to serve more than twice the current number of users. This means easier access to educational resources, jobs databases, and job skill workshops," Locke said. "Having access to the Internet's economic, health and educational benefits should be as much of a fundamental American right as attending a quality school or feeling safe when you walk down the street."
The grant was awarded to the South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education. Its S.C. "Reach for Success" project proposes to expand the capacity of 51 public computer centers and create 19 new computer labs at the South Carolina Technical College System's 16 member colleges. The college system is the state's largest higher education system, with 114,000 degree-seeking students and 128,000 continuing education students. Of these students, almost half receive federal Pell Grant assistance and 37 percent are minorities.
"Thanks to the Recovery Act, South Carolina is receiving much needed funds to expand broadband access in rural and underserved communities that desperately need it," Rep. Clyburn said. "This expanded access allows these communities to take critical steps forward to improve their health, education and economy. These funds positively affect the health and welfare of these communities, and will also create jobs, which is the number one priority here in Congress."
This project will open these community college computer centers to the general public for the first time and plans to nearly double the number of workstations available by purchasing 2,028 new computers, 596 of which will replace outdated models. The expanded capacity will accommodate an increase in users per week from 17,000 to 38,000.
"I was pleased to learn about the nearly $6 million that is being awarded to South Carolina for a statewide Public Computer Center by the Department of Commerce," said Rep. Spratt. "South Carolina has been one of the hardest hit states by the recession and this program will go a long way in stimulating our economy."
The S.C. "Reach for Success" project also proposes to:
- Offer laptop computers for students to checkout, enabling them to use new and expanded WiFi hot spots on campus for online research and learning applications.
- Provide quick turn-around job skill workshops in one of the highest unemployment states in the country.
The project announced today is part of a $7.2 billion program being implemented under the Recovery Act to expand broadband access and adoption across the country. Of that funding, the Commerce Department's National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) will utilize $4.7 billion for grants to deploy broadband infrastructure, expand public computer center capacity, and encourage sustainable adoption of broadband service through the Broadband Technology Opportunities Program (BTOP). These investments will help bridge the technological divide, boost economic growth and create jobs.
Including today's announcement, NTIA has now awarded 17 BTOP grants totaling more than $200 million. This funding is part of an over $100 billion investment in science, technology and innovation the administration is making through the Recovery Act to lay a new foundation for economic growth.
- BTOP project information
- ### -
U.S. Department of Commerce's NTIA serves as the executive branch agency principally responsible for advising the President on communications and information policy. For further information about NTIA's BTOP grants, please visit http://www2.ntia.doc.gov
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Despite efforts to build cars to better withstand accidents and reduce threats posed by distracted driving, traffic fatalities for the first three months of 2012 have shown a "significant increase" compared with government statistics from a year earlier.
Maybe it's because of falling gas prices or simply the day of the week, but this Independence Day, holiday travelers will be out in full force.
A House committee passed a measure Thursday maintaining current tractor-trailer sizes and weights for three years until a study can be completed on the potential costs incurred by allowing longer and heavier trucks on U.S. roads.
Could tractor-trailer rigs almost as long as Boeing 737s be driving on a highway near you? If a new transportation bill proposed by House Republicans passes, the answer is yes, and the safety ramifications would be astronomical, say congressional opponents of the bill and the AAA Auto Club.
More Americans are hitting the road this Thanksgiving holiday, despite higher gas prices, according to the motorist group AAA.
The American Automobile Association is suing the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey over toll increases that recently went into effect at New York City bridges.
Whether you're flying or driving to your destination, traveling during the holidays can be tiring, confusing and stressful.
Travelers across the United States arrived en masse at airports, hit the roads and boarded trains Wednesday, a day before the Thanksgiving holiday.
CNN's Rob Marciano goes behind the scenes of the largest carrier at the nation's busiest airport.
In these recessionary times -- and they don't appear to be going away any time soon -- everyone's ears perk up when they hear about new ways to save money on the cost of owning and operating an automobile.
Oil prices settled slightly higher Thursday, giving back strong gains from earlier in the session, after a big selloff on Wall Street overshadowed optimism about the economic outlook and future energy demand.
The price of oil fell Monday as investors remained focused on last week's bad economic news and bet that demand for petroleum products will continue to decline.
Oil prices fell Friday after a government report showing significant job losses added to concerns about weaker demand in an ailing economy.
The price of oil jumped Wednesday, capping a volatile year with a swing of $7 from the session low to the close, as investors responded to news of a possible supply disruption in Europe.
For those of you who are schoolteachers, you will understand what I am about to relate.
Oil fell on Monday and ended at a 21-month low as fears over the global economic slowdown accelerated on news that Japan officially fell into a recession.
Remember $4 gas? Soon it will be $2 gas.
Remember $4 gas? Soon it will be $2 gas.
Oil prices fell Friday as investors took cues from from the selloff in stocks as an indicator of weak global demand for energy.
Retail gasoline prices fell further overnight, bringing the decline since the summer's record high to nearly $2 a gallon, according to figures released Friday.
The price of oil fell to a 19-month low Tuesday, sliding below the psychologically important $60 level, as investors looked past China's massive economic stimulus plan to focus on weak global demand and a stronger dollar.
Gasoline prices fell overnight, settling Tuesday to approach the lowest level in roughly three years, according to the American Automobile Association.
Gasoline prices fell overnight, settling to the lowest prices in nearly 19 months, a survey for the American Automobile Association showed Monday.
Gasoline prices fell overnight, settling to prices not seen since this time last year, a survey for the American Automobile Association showed Friday.
The price of oil rose Monday as investors weighed a potential OPEC supply cut against longer-term concerns about weakening demand.
Gasoline prices fell overnight, moving to within 3 cents of the $2.90 a gallon mark after sliding below $3 over the weekend, a survey for the American Automobile Association showed Monday.
Oil prices fell Wednesday amid concerns that global economic weakness will continue to crimp demand for energy.
If there's one bright spot in a bad economy, it's that gasoline prices have fallen, and they're expected to drop even further.
Gas prices across the Southeast and Midwest soared over the weekend, and while many would blame Hurricane Ike, human nature may be a more likely scapegoat.
President Bush Saturday said officials will ensure gasoline stations don't gouge customers after Hurricane Ike, but with some prices near $5 a gallon, some consumers were not so sure.
More Americans, tired of skyrocketing gas prices, are crossing the border to Mexico, where fueling up costs a great deal less.
CNN's Thelma Gutierrez reports on Americans who are crossing the border into Mexico to fuel up.
With a rise in Thanksgiving travelers expected, even the White House is getting involved. CNN's Ed Lavandera reports
Imagine you're having a really bad week: Monday, your tire blows out. Tuesday, you lock your keys in the car and Friday, your car battery dies.
As you plan your Memorial Day travel and festivities Five Tips is here to get you safely on the road and back.
Despite near record gas prices and repeated cries for someone to do something about them, the American motorist plans on driving even more this Memorial Day weekend than they did last year, according to a AAA study released Thursday.
Oil prices fell Wednesday despite the fact that the government said supplies of gasoline rose less than expected.
Motorists weary from paying near-record gas prices can expect a little relief at the pump, the government said Tuesday. But not much.
Is expensive gas causing you to rethink your summer vacation plans? Don't worry. In today's Five Tips we're going to tell you how to cut your travel costs this summer.
Reversing an upward trend to near record prices, the cost of gasoline slipped by a penny over the weekend, with a nationwide survey showing a drop for the first time in five weeks. But motorists shouldn't expect a big rollback any time soon.
Owning a car these days is becoming more expensive. Driving a car costs about $7,834 a year according to the Automobile Association of America.
Oil prices jumped above $72 a barrel to yet another record Wednesday after a government report said supplies of crude made a surprise decline and gasoline stocks fell far more than expected.
As American drivers shell out more and more money at the pump with each passing day, some are asking whether big oil companies are scheming to withhold supplies in order to boost prices.
As gasoline prices spiral upward ahead of the high-demand summer season, some traders and consumer advocates are laying at least part of the blame squarely on the doorstep of the federal government.
Ever since Hurricane Katrina and Rita, we've seen the highest gas prices ever while oil companies have seen their profits soar. As U.S. senators grill oil company Big Wigs from ExxonMobil and Shell, today's 5 tips lets you in on how to fight back at the pump.
Drivers in much of the Southeast -- and especially Georgia -- probably have a hard time believing reports of retreating or stable gasoline prices around the rest of the nation.
Gasoline prices edged lower Friday, with the price of regular unleaded gasoline falling by more than a penny, according to AAA's daily fuel gauge report.
After peaking on Labor Day, gas prices continued a slow slide Thursday, according to AAA's daily fuel gauge report.
Consumers can expect retail gas prices to rise to $4 a gallon soon, but whether they stay there depends on the long-term damage to oil facilities from Hurricane Katrina, oil and gas analysts said Wednesday.
Gasoline prices eased for the fourth straight day Friday, edging lower from a record high set at the beginning of the week, according to travel club AAA's daily fuel gauge report.
Gasoline prices eased for third straight day Thursday, edging lower from a record high set at the beginning of the week, according to travel club AAA's daily fuel gauge report.
Gasoline prices climbed to a new high, above $2.60 per gallon Monday, according to travel club AAA's daily fuel gauge report, extending more than a week of record-setting gains.
Gasoline prices climbed above $2.60 Friday to set a seventh straight record, according to travel club AAA's daily fuel gauge report.
Prices at the pump struck their fifth consecutive high Wednesday, according to travel club AAA's daily fuel gauge report.
Prices at the pump struck another record high Tuesday, according to travel club AAA's daily fuel gauge report.
Gasoline and diesel prices raced to another record high Monday, according to travel club AAA's daily fuel gauge report.
Gasoline and diesel prices stayed on their record-breaking course Friday, according to travel club AAA's daily fuel gauge report.
Average retail prices for gasoline and diesel climbed to record levels Thursday, according to travel club AAA's daily fuel gauge report.
Despite the highest gas prices ever recorded, according to the American Automobile Association, more than 31 million of us will be traveling in our cars between 6 p.m. Friday and midnight Monday.
NEW YORK (CNN/Money) - Gasoline prices continued to climb Thursday, extending a trend that has seen record prices every day for almost two weeks.
Gasoline prices continued to climb Wednesday, extending a trend that has seen record prices every day for almost two weeks.
Gasoline prices kicked off the workweek with another record setting day despite an ease in the cost of crude, which has fallen more than three dollars a barrel since the middle of March.
It seems there's no end in sight for record-setting prices at the pump, with gasoline prices striking a new high above $2.12 Friday, according to an AAA survey.
The average cost of driving in the United States is nearly unchanged from one year ago despite higher costs for gasoline, a travel group said Monday.
Gasoline prices continued to charge into uncharted territory, hitting another record high Monday despite crude falling from all-time peaks, according to an AAA survey.
NEW YORK (CNN/Money) - Gasoline is tracking the rising cost of oil, reaching a new all-time high just a day after U.S. light crude did the same, and well before the peak demand summer driving season.
For those who thought gas prices were troubling before, there's a new reason to complain about pain at the pump.
If gas prices seem high, it's because they're within a hair of hitting a new record, according to the American Automobile Association.
Record-high gas prices aren't putting a dent in Americans' travel plans this Memorial Day weekend, or their plans for more expensive vacations this summer.
Memorial Day travelers aren't letting a little gas price surge get in their way.
Gasoline prices fell Tuesday for the first time in a week, the AAA motor club said Wednesday.
The average price of gasoline at the pump has hit a record high of $1.738 a regular self-serve gallon, according to the Automobile Association of America.
After the Catholic church, AAA--the official name of the American Automobile Association--is the second-largest organization in the U.S. With 46 million members, the century-old AAA is a beloved Am...
It started with Los Angeles. I needed to get there and back, and quickly. So I called my travel agent, and she punched in my itinerary. About 96 seconds later I had an aisle seat on a major airline...
Like a coach before a big game, I always exhort readers of this column to do price research and negotiate hard for the best deal on a new car. Doing just that has saved many a consumer thousands of...
When their new-car warranties run out--usually after three years or 36,000 miles--most motorists steer clear of the dealer's service department. Instead, they take the majority of their business to...
Last weekend I moved into Digital Manor. I also tried to use the Web to tell various companies that I've changed my address. I learned this: The Web has done little for customer service.
THIS MONTH: --Getting help with your debts --The best rates for CDs, loans
People and Politicians alike are fuming: Gasoline prices have shot up more than 16% since February, adding about 18' to every gallon of unleaded regular. If you can think of places you'd rather spe...
THIS MONTH: --The smartest ways to get cash when you're abroad --Dress for success--for a lot less. --Collectible lunch boxes that bring home the bacon
If you are like many Americans, you're probably spending more time than ever in your car. For instance, the Federal Highway Administration reports that the average auto commute in the 10 biggest me...
Check it out: a bright, clean room, an extra-long mattress, a sparkling pool outside, a color TV with HBO and a remote that works, free coffee and Danish in the lobby -- all for less than $50 a nig...
You may be taking a vacation soon, but criminals seem to be working harder than ever. Howard Apple, chief of the FBI's Interstate Theft Unit, says that worldwide, ''crime against travelers is incre...
When Sears Automotive Centers were accused in early June by California and New Jersey regulators of overcharging their states' car repair customers, drivers everywhere got a reminder: Choose your m...
Unspoiled, unsung and largely undiscovered, America's 2,040 state parks are the nearest thing there is to having wilderness in your own backyard. Says Kathy Bartlett, Northeast regional director fo...
Many travelers hunt like tigers for low air fares -- then turn pussycat when booking a hotel room, meekly accepting the highest advertised rate. But those so-called rack rates are often management'...
THE HOTEL GLUT has business travelers benefiting richly from the forces of supply and demand. Service is up but prices are not. Hostelries ranging from budget to best-in-town have plunged into an a...
Sometime between the season of the Cuisinart and the era of oat bran, we predatory consumers of the 1980s began to chew our kills more Sslowly. Perhaps it was ominous tremors in the junk bond marke...
Sun block is not all you need to avoid getting burned on your next vacation or business trip. If you plan to rent a car, pack a magnifying glass and calculator. Once you read the fine print of the ...
One moment you glide the highways safely in your sleek Mercedes. The next, grit from an ordinary motorist fouls your headlights' tiny wiper blades. Should you proceed? To answer such questions, Mer...
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This region extends over part of the states of Arizona and New Mexico in the United States, and southward over several states in northern, western and central Mexico. In Mexico, this region is bounded on the west by the Temperate Sierras and on the east by the North American Deserts ecological region. The landscape is composed of hills, bottom valleys and plains. In general, the vegetation within this region is dominated by grasslands and in the transition zones by various scrublands and forests.
This region is formed of alluvial sediments and conglomerates from the volcanic sierras: the Western Sierra Madre and the Neovolcanic system. The elevation above sea level ranges from 1,100 to 2,500 meters (m). There are two major types of soils, those that are relatively dry and moderately deep, and those that are shallow, clay soils. The climate is semi-arid, with 300-600 millimeters (mm) of annual rainfall and mean temperatures ranging from 12 to 20°C. In winter, frosts are common, as are periodic droughts.
The characteristic natural vegetation, which presently is very diminished or altered, consists of grasslands and combinations of grasslands with scrublands and forests in the transition zones. Certain species of grasses are dominant, particularly blue-stemmed, threeawn, galleta, and muhly grass. Among the shortgrasses, blue grama is an important species in the region at the foot of the Western Sierra Madre in the states of Chihuahua, Durango and Zacatecas. Among the shrubs and trees, in some locales, Aguascalientes, Jalisco and other places, it is very common to see mesquite and acacia associated. Oak and western juniper are common at the foot of the sierras. On deep clay soils, mesquite groves are the most conspicuous plant community. Over igneous hills in the Bajio region, where the climate is warmer, one finds subtropical scrublands, with species like cazahuate or palo bobo, copalillos, acacia, prickly pear, jonote and pochote. Wildlife includes quail, pigeons, doves, hares, jackrabbits, coyote, gray fox, mule deer, whitetailed deer and pronghorn antelope.
The population in this region is about 10 million. This amounts to 8 percent of the population of Mexico. Raising livestock (cattle, horses and goats) has always been a very important activity in this region. Overgrazing has degraded the original plant and wildlife communities, with a serious reduction in plant cover and species composition along with changes in the structure of the plant community, mainly through shrub species invasion and soil erosion. Flatlands are used for irrigated agriculture. The main crops include beans, corn, sorghum, garlic, onion, hot peppers, vegetables, nuts, apples and peaches. There are several agro-industries, most notably those relating to milk and dairy products. Important mining activities include silver, gold, lead, copper and iron extraction. Several industrial and economically important cities have also developed.
Disclaimer: This article is taken wholly from, or contains information that was originally published by, the Commission for Environmental Cooperation. Topic editors and authors for the Encyclopedia of Earth may have edited its content or added new information. The use of information from the Commission for Environmental Cooperation should not be construed as support for or endorsement by that organization for any new information added by EoE personnel, or for any editing of the original content.
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Individuals can experience different warning signs, and sometimes there may be no obvious warning, but some of the signs of diabetes are commonly experienced:
- Frequent urination
- Excessive thirst
- Increased hunger
- Weight loss
- Lack of interest and concentration
- Vomiting and stomach pain (often mistaken as the flu)
- A tingling sensation or numbness in the hands or feet
- Blurred vision
- Frequent infections
- Slow-healing wounds
The onset of type 1 diabetes is usually sudden and dramatic while the symptoms can often be mild or absent in people with type 2 diabetes, making this type of diabetes gradual in onset and hard to detect.
If you show these signs, consult a health professional.
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Bill # 11 Peer Mentoring Program
The Peer Mentoring Program is a program that has been established at UC Merced over the years which aims to help freshmen transition from high school to college. In doing so, it pairs each freshman with a mentor who is able to guide them with skills that are important and necessary in developing an early sense of belonging to the university. The Peer Mentors work hard in making sure that the program runs efficiently and that the mentees are receiving the right resources in order to learn and grow. In addition, the Peer Mentoring Program hosts at least one event each month in order to unite the mentees and mentors. Some of the events include but are not limited to: Success Skills Jeopardy, Thanksgiving Dinner, Informational Events, etc. The turnout so far for the events held this year is at least 50 mentees and about 20 mentors at each event and the program would like to continue with the number of attendees by partnering with ASUCM. The Peer Mentoring Program believes that it has room for growth and it provides for the freshmen by improving their college experience.
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Journeys to Other Worlds
The Rites of Shamans
A medium or shaman--someone who can communicate with the spirit world--is a vital presence at many rituals in Vietnam. Sometimes this spiritual master must journey to another realm and wrestle powerful demons for possession of a human soul. At other times the medium invites the spirits to our world, where they possess his or her body and speak through the medium's voice.
Shamans preside over some rituals in many of the religious traditions that coexist among the majority and minority populations of Vietnam. In all shamanic rituals, music, dance, special garments and offerings enhance the awe, mystery and sheer pleasure of performance that surround the spirit journey.
Restoring Peace and Harmony
Restoring harmony to a life out of balance is one purpose of a ritual known as Ky Yen. The practitioners of Ky Yen--the 1.5 million Tay people living in northeastern Vietnam--hold this ritual for several reasons. A Ky Yen can prolong one's life or restore good health by finding missing souls and bringing them back to the body. It can counteract bad fortune foretold by an inauspicious horoscope or a bad dream. A birthday may call for a preventive ritual, if it ushers in one of the ages Tay people consider unlucky--every twelfth year after the age of seven. On happier birthdays, such as when someone turns 60, a family may host a Ky Yen to insure continued good health.
During a Ky Yen, which lasts all through the night and into the next day, a huge spirit army journeys through three levels of heaven and battles a titanic monster. The heroic shaman who leads this spiritual campaign is most often an elderly woman.
Spirits Journey to the Hear and Now
The Len Dong "going into trance" ritual concerns health and prosperity in this world rather than evil in the world beyond. Spirits who possess the medium's body are asked to provide good health and auspicious enterprises. Performed all over Vietnam, Len Dong rituals are popular with the ethnic majority Kinh people, especially those who are eager for success in the new market economy.
An element of the folk religion known as the Mother Goddesses, a Len Dong ritual can draw on more than 60 spirits. Only a few are invoked during any given ritual, though, and some spirits never possess a medium. Those who do appear will interact with the hosts of the ritual and enjoy the songs and offerings they provide.
Invoking the Spirits
During Len Dong rituals, mediums put on the costume of the spirit they are invoking. The garments reflect the classic court dress of premodern times: kings, queens, courtiers and pages might have worn them. The pages wear old-fashioned children's clothing. No longer worn in daily life, these styles--and the textile crafts required to make them--survive to clothe the gods.
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One of the great things about the Apple app store is how parent-friendly it is. Not only does every app go through testing to make sure it performs as advertised, it is also verified to make sure the ratings are in line with Apple's official application ratings.
Here are the different iPad application ratings:
- 4+. This is the rating for an application with no objectionable material. You can think of it like a G rated movie.
- 9+. This rating may include cartoon violence and/or mild suggestive, horror or fear-themed content not suitable for very young children. Think of it like a PG movie.
- 12+. This category of app may contain infrequent mild language, intense cartoon violence, realistic violence or mild use of mature or suggestive themes. It may also contain simulated gambling. It's subject matter could be similar to a PG-13 movie.
- 17+. These applications contain mature themes like frequent realistic violence, sexual content and references to alcohol, tobacco and/or drugs. It is not suitable for anyone under 17 and can be treated like an R rated movie.
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IT band injury or IT band syndrome is usually a trivial sports injury, but if neglected, over a period of time, it becomes quite severe. This is especially troublesome in athletes, who may have to skip running until recovery. IT band injury rest time can vary from few weeks to a couple of months, depending on the severity and duration of the injury. Inflammation and adhesion of inflammatory healing tissue to surrounding normal tissues, can threaten the complete recovery of the injured IT band. Hence, one has to follow a rigorous routine of physical therapy in the form of IT band stretches and other IT band exercises, which help in accurate and complete healing of the injured IT band.
A dislocated finger joint is rarely seen in orthopedic practice, due to the inborn reflexive attitude of a person to protect fingers from injury. This can also be due to the fact, that finger movements are controlled by a large area of the brain. Thus, a person is more aware and apprehensive about ones fingers, which can be easily pulled away from situations that can cause injury to them. Being the terminal part of the hand, a finger joint when acting as a fulcrum has a very long lever arm and a very short load arm. Hence, injuries, like jammed finger (crush injury), sprained finger, and so on, are more commonly seen, rather than a dislocated finger.
A broken knee can be due to several injuries, like broken knee cap (patella fracture), or broken leg bones (tibia or fibula fracture) or thigh bone (femur fracture) near the knee joint. Road accidents, especially bike accidents, can cause the worst broken knee’s, with several knee fractures and torn knee ligaments and tendons. Such injuries are highly disastrous, and can have lifelong consequences. Even trivial knee injuries can be quite discomforting for a persons routine life. A broken knee is a serious knee injury, which causes severe disability and even deprives a person from any worthwhile employment for a prolonged period.
Bradycardia or a slow heart rate, is an uncommon but grave complication in the field of orthopedics. A sudden attack of bradycardia is life-threatening, and has to be managed intensively, with the help of a physician or an anesthetist. The blurring of clinical signs of bradycardia is generally due to more importance given to orthopedic injuries or a surgery which a person has undergone.
Non weight bearing or nil weight bearing or simply NWB is not putting weight on a particular part of the body. Since, weight of the body is primarily born by our legs, the restriction of non weight bearing is generally applied after leg injuries or surgeries. Non weight bearing is more important than any other treatment for proper recovery from leg and knee injuries. Failure to understand the significance of this simple restriction, can lead to disastrous outcomes from even simple fractures or surgeries on the leg. Hence, it is very important to understand what is non weight bearing and follow it religiously to prevent complications.
Thumb Spica is an orthopedic cast or thumb splint used for therapeutic immobilization of thumb injuries. It keeps the thumb in a fixed position called the “glass holding position”. This not only allows the undisturbed torn ligament or fracture healing, but also helps us to perform a few activities, like holding a glass or a book and so on. Since, it keeps the remaining fingers active it is also called a functional position and this prevents fingers from becoming stiff. Thus, it should always be kept in mind while using any spica cast or thumb splint, that, except the injured part, all the other parts should be free to move to prevent unnecessary stiffness later.
Bone is a highly dynamic tissue of the body. It is quite similar to skin, for the fact that its outer layers are constantly being broken down as new layers of tissue are added from the inner side. This constant renewal of layers makes bone fracture healing process automatic, and it does not require any treatment. However, bone fractures (broken bones) are frequently associated with loss of normal alignment of the bone and instability at the fracture site. If this is not corrected, it leads to complications like nonunion and malunion.
Lag screw fixation is a technique used in surgical treatment (internal fixation) of fractures or broken bones. It involves the use of special half threaded orthopedic bone screws, which are smooth from the head up to half or two-thirds of their length. Even a fully threaded cortical screw can be used as a lag screw if the proximal cortex is over drilled. The function of a lag screw is to achieve compression between the fracture fragments (pieces of bone), which helps in providing lag screw strength for better bone fracture healing.
Orthopedic bone screws are stainless steel or titanium screws used for the surgical treatment of broken bones. They are the most commonly used devices for surgical internal fixation of bones. The material of the screws is highly non-reactive does not cause any allergic or corrosive reactions inside the body. It can safely remain in our body for an entire lifetime without causing any complications.
Broken thumb injuries are highly debilitating and a common cause of thumb pain and hand swelling. Being the shortest finger of a hand, injury to the thumb is less likely. Since, the other fingers face traumatic events earlier and reflex prompt withdrawal keeps the thumb remains relatively safe. Even when falling on the ground, a person tends to injure the wrist or have a dislocated finger more often, compared to the thumb. Also the oppositional movement of the thumb helps us to reflexively conceal it within a fist formed by other fingers and the palm. Thus, getting a broken thumb is not at all easy. However, thumb injuries can cause premature thumb arthritis, which permanently compromises the function of the entire hand.
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It’s the middle of the night and you’re jolted awake by extreme pain in your chest. You feel like the life is being crushed out of you … you immediately realise you’re having a heart attack. Your partner frantically phones 000 and as you lay clutching your chest waiting for the ambulance to arrive all you can think about is how your family will be supported if you die.
The pain intensifies.
Hopefully this will never happen to you, but what if it did? Take a moment to think about how your family’s living expenses would be met if your income stopped tomorrow.
The average Australian household spends up to one third of its gross income on mortgage repayments. Most of us would rely on our regular income continuing indefinitely in order to meet such an expense. And at this point we haven’t even got to putting food on the table.
Income protection (or “salary continuance”) insurance policies usually provide up to 75% of your salary or business income in the event that you cannot work due to illness or injury. Of course, you might have sick leave, other compensation arrangements or perhaps a cash reserve to rely on for a while, but what happens when these run out?
Transfer the risk
Just like any other insurance, protecting your income is about transferring risk to someone else. By paying a premium each month, you have the security of knowing that should anything happen – your car is stolen, your home damaged by fire or you suffer a serious illness or accident – your financial loss will be minimised.
Interestingly, almost 90% of Australians consider the cost of car insurance worth having, yet only 6% of us insure our income. And what about the apparent contradiction that when you buy insurance you hope you never actually have to
use it? Does this mean it is a waste of money? Why take that risk when having peace of mind is worth far more than dollars? Once you have insurance in place, you can get on with enjoying life, and if you do get sick or badly injured, money will be one less thing to worry about.
Sources: HIA / Commonwealth Bank Affordability Report, February 2008
Insurance Council of Australia, Consumer Tracking Survey, January 2006.
Roy Morgan Research Insurance Report, September quarter 2006
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I know that all people who are as fascinated as I am with the demise of vegetation have been waiting with abated breath for this report, so here it is - photographs from an actual nursery located in Bernardsville, NJ, where every plant, tree and shrub is living (barely) evidence of fuel emissions poisoning.
When I arrived I found row after row of saplings, their branches thin and the remaining leaves damaged.
And let us please keep in mind, these trees are watered, fertilized and treated for disease and pests.
They aren't supposed to be losing leaves yet. It is just the end of September and evening temperatures are too warm to cause leaf drop.
The leaves of this beech are an excellent example of the stippling that results from cell damage due to ozone.
Here's a link to Warnings of 4C rise in your lifetime - and that's only centigrade, folks.
Video if you'd like to see how scared the scientists are!
The best analysis is of course from Climate Progress.
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This is pretty wild stuff right here:
From the BBC:
By making scans of modern humans, he saw how the soft tissue of the vocal tracts depends on the position of the hyoid bone and the anchoring sites on the skull. Computer predictions were then be made to determine the shape of the modern human vocal tract from bone data alone. The same equations were then used with data from a Neanderthal skull to predict the shape of a Neanderthal vocal tract.
The Neanderthal vocal tract seems to have been shorter and wider than a modern male human’s, closer to that found today in modern human females. It’s possible, then, that Neanderthal males had higher pitched voices than we might have expected. Together with a big chest, mouth, and huge nasal cavity, a big, harsh, high, sound might have resulted. But, crucially, the anatomy of the vocal tract is close enough to that of modern humans to indicate that anatomically there was no reason why Neanderthal could not have produced the complex range of sounds needed for speech.
More from the BBC here.
Via the always amazing BOING BOING.
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Why you should never work for someone else.By Jamie Green
(Jamie Green is a successful online business owner and internet developer.)
You know everyone gets to a point in their life when they start hearing that faint inner voice telling them, “It’s time to get a job.” In my case the voice was coming from my Father and even though I was only 14 he thought it high time I get to work. Here’s your life: go to school, graduate, get a job. From the time we're born that’s the pattern drummed into our thick skulls and we never have the fortitude to do something different.
We all think that trading our time for money is a good thing (code for getting a job), but in reality it’s the dumbest way to make a living. Why? Because you only make money when you’re working and if you want to make more you have to work more…yikes! Plus, you are basically a slave to the company who controls your every move; telling you when to work and how to work. And if you should make a mistake they are there ready to punish or penalize you. So, now you know why getting a job is the dumbest way to make money.
Don’t feel bad if this is the path you went down. I too was suckered in and for 23 years I worked for the company, getting up early, staying late, whatever they wanted I did it and without question. Then, the best thing ever happened, I got laid off. No warning or anything I came into work one morning and my boss was there already, he had my desk packed up and handed me my final paycheck. At the time, I had no idea that it was literally going to be my last paycheck forever.
At first, I was worried and sent out about 100 resumes. I only had one interview from all those applications and it was for a crummy job as a night supervisor and only paid half of what I was used to. Well, I got depressed for a few weeks and one morning while I was staring at the help wanted ads (yes they still had printed newspapers back then) I had a light bulb moment, "I hate having a job and looking for a job is even more excruciating."
So, I fired up the laptop and began searching for ‘work at home’ information. I searched for businesses I could start with little or no money as I didn't have much savings left and no income coming in. Anyway I came across a sales program that had:
- No product I had to create.
- No customer service emails or phone calls.
- No warehousing or shipping inventory.
- No cold calling or sales quotas.
- No set schedule.
- Best of All...No Boss or Company to fire me again!
In addition to this program (I ended up with a lot of free time) I began exploring other programs for generating self-employment income. I have featured them on this website. I just followed the instructions I received to the letter and stuck with it. Once the first one was successful (practically running by itself) I started another and then another. Now, I am free to pursue whatever I want and will never get a job again and more importantly never worry about money.
Take a few minutes to look around this site. I have investigated all of these systems and anyone has the potential to make real money by implementing them. But, please don’t give up, it does take a week or so to get things rolling but it’s well worth the sacrifice as the residual income will continue for many years. The program that got me started can be found HERE.
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National study on children finds increased child poverty and low birthweights in Indiana
by IPR News
August 17, 2011
According to a new national study focusing on children, Indiana’s child poverty rate is significantly worse than a decade ago. Indiana Public Broadcasting’s Brandon Smith reports.
The same Annie E. Casey Foundation study found a majority of Indiana babies continue to be born with low birthweights – 82 percent of babies in 2008. That’s a twelve percent increase from the year 2000 and is worse than the national average. Health officials say that babies with low birthweight are much more likely to die before their first birthday, suffer health consequences throughout their lives, and struggle in school. Bill Stanczykiewicz says part of the reason for the increase is that younger mothers don’t use prenatal care or don’t have access to it. He also says the number of pregnant Indiana women who smoke is twice that of the national average.
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Chun-Heng Ho and Charles M. Eastman
Spatial ability is used to predict success in certain domains, including design. However many ambiguities in spatial ability need to be clarified if education in design is to become more effective. Ambiguities in spatial ability include the overlapping of spatial sub-factors, strategy effects in spatial problem solving, and the ambiguity between 2D and 3D representations. Since it is hard to identify the sub-factors of spatial ability especially when design problems are much more complex than spatial aptitude tests, problem solving strategy might be a better way to approach what students learn that contributes to the improvement of their spatial ability.
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Jamie smith has an exhibition this coming thursday. Jamie very kindly takes amazing photos for us here at Lovenskate, but his real passion is for breaking into abandoned architecture and documenting their decay.
This show, its photos of the 2004 Olympic stadium in Athens, and the accompanying text is a real eye opener.
SEE YOU THERE!
Private View – 6.30-9pm. Thurs 6th Sept
Print House Gallery , Ashwin St. Dalston junction
‘Borrow, Build, Abandon – Athenian Adventures in Concrete and Steel’
“The most important thing is not winning but taking part; the essential thing in life is not conquering but fighting well” – Baron Pierre de Coubertin, International Olympic Committee founder, 1894.
The Print House Gallery is pleased to announce ‘Borrow, Build, Abandon – Athenian Adventures in Concrete and Steel’. Thet first UK solo show by British photographer Jamie McGregor Smith. This exhibition explores the physical legacy that remains of the 2004 Athens Olympics, eight years after the games came to a close.
The work explores the physical residues of the stadiums and parks, built at a cost of $15 billion, which to this day remain largely disused. The significance of these white elephants is made starker by Greece’s huge national debt and the recent social unrest in response to national austerity measures. Even with 6 million of Greece’s 11 million citizens living in Athens, the Government and Olympic committee have had little success in increasing sports participation or commercial interest.
Modern-day ruins, these scenes lack the historical conflict or political upheaval associated with typical urban abandonment. Instead, they describe the products of international institutional pressure and a catastrophic failure in foresight, exasperated by the willingness to borrow money without questioning the validity of it’s investment. In the birth place of modern civilisation, these Athenian relics join the ancient hilltop ruins as a testament to inevitable social change.
Smith explains,“Olympic games construction highlights our continued trend of public borrowing for structures that have limited shelf lives. These developments come at a huge cost of limited natural resources, requiring energy consumption that far defies the technological progress we’ve discovered. In an age of sovereign debt crisis, these burdens of peer-pressured national pride are testament to a continued failure to comprehend inevitable entropic social change. Mistakes learnt from the relics of defunct industrialised cities, must encourage the possibility that all future construction could have functionally adaptable architecture.”
Jamie McGregor Smith’s work fuses an appreciation of the formal and aesthetic quality of architecture with an examination of the social and political context in which they were constructed. The status of these superstructures and their power on our human landscape, exaggerates their sense of failure in the context of their functional disestablishment.
About the Artist:
Growing up in Kent, Smith began his photographic studies at school and continued at Staffordshire University, graduating in 2006. Whilst assisting photographers in London, he continued his documentary work inspired by the industrial landscapes he encountered during his degree work. Since then his professional career has seen commissions and published work with the Guardian, Telegraph, FT, Wallpaper, 125 and Foto8, whilst exhibiting with the AOP, HOST, Four Corners and WPOY.
For more information and press images please contact
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We reviewed the original edition of Windows 7 Inside Out back in 2010 and we considered it a great book for people who want to go in depth with their understanding of the Windows 7 operating system. The authors together with Microsoft Press, just launched a Deluxe Edition of the book. So I wondered: what makes this new edition worthy of being called Deluxe? I was very interested to find out.
NOTE: As with our previous review, I am reviewing the e-book version, so I can’t comment on the extra materials in the printed edition.
What’s New and... Deluxe?
The authors (Ed Bott, Carl Siechert and Craig Stinson) say that they added several new chapters and put their continuing research into Windows 7 into other revisions throughout the book. Since the original version was a "mere" 1000 pages long, and this edition is 1360 pages long, it’s clear they’ve gone all out to give the reader even more. Some large books get their size from filler, illustrations and editorial digressions, but this book is not one of them. It’s full of genuine, useful information delivered by people who clearly know what they’re talking about and—more importantly—how to explain it all to other people who need to know more.
The book’s chapters and sections are logically laid out, for the most part. Windows 7 Inside Out, Deluxe Edition starts with an introduction to the operating system, then leads the reader through the differences between Windows 7 and previous versions of Microsoft Windows, and then explains how to set it up and configure it. In fact, most of the book is devoted to things that one can do with Windows 7 on your computer, without connecting to the Internet or using additional software. There’s information about Internet Explorer, Windows Live, and Windows Help included in "Part 1. Getting Started", but that’s the only part of the book that takes you outside your own workspace. I would have liked to see all that information combined in a section of its own, placed at the end of the book after all the chapters about getting your Windows 7 computer set up and managed to your own specifications, but that’s a minor quibble.
Everything about everything?
Even though this is a huge book, it’s well laid out and the chapters walk the reader through each topic in logical steps. The authors clearly know their subject and their writing is clear and to the point. I found the straightforward, conversational style especially appealing. The authors always make it clear when some versions of Windows 7 have, or don’t have, the features they’re discussing.
There’s an abbreviated Table of Contents and a more detailed one, and a 70-page index, so finding any particular topic is easy, even if you don’t have electronic search tools at your disposal. The book is available in multiple e-book formats, although the file may be too large for some older e-readers (like my Sony Touch).
Like almost all computer books, Windows 7 Inside Out, Deluxe Edition need not be read straight through, although there are so many interesting tidbits available throughout the book that someone who just looks up what they need to know may miss out on a lot. Of course, not everyone needs the wealth of information that’s here, and the extremely extensive exploration of Windows 7 is definitely not for everyone.
I especially liked the section that deals with Windows Explorer. That’s been one of my most-used applications for all the years I’ve been using various versions of Microsoft Windows, and the interface changed so radically between Windows XP and newer versions that, when I first installed Windows 7, I had a difficult time adapting. This section gave me some great ideas for making Windows Explorerwork the way I want it to (the book as a whole talks a lot about personalization and logical shortcuts) and after reading it I’ve got an interface that makes sense for the way I work. A definite plus.
Tuning, Tweaking & Fixing Everything
Part 5 of the book, Tuning, Tweaking and Troubleshooting, has six chapters, two of which should be required reading for everyone: Performing Routine Maintenance and Troubleshooting Windows Errors and Crashes. Since Windows 7 works so well, many of us figure we don’t need to keep up the maintenance that we had to do to keep previous versions of Windows alive. While things like disk defragmentation are a lot less necessary now than they once were, it’s good to see the authors explain why it still should be done.
I’ve always been a firm advocate of not using hard drives for dead storage, and I was happy to see the authors agreed with me on that, and gave good, common-sense instructions for file management, disk cleanup, removal of the Windows 7 features the reader does not use, and general strategies for conserving space. Quite frankly, I wish more books about Windows 7 would include a section like that.
Years ago when I worked at a radio station, when things went wrong, we always knew the Chief Engineer’s first question would be "What have you done to try to fix the problem?" . Computers can be confusing and scary at times, and being armed with a good solid reference book like Windows 7 Inside Out, Deluxe Edition can go a long way toward making the reader feel confident. The Troubleshooting Windows Errors and Crashes chapter helps give the reader confidence in the error-reporting process and confidence in finding out what might have gone wrong and putting it right. That alone might be well worth the price of the book.
What I Liked and Did Not Like
Honestly, I found very little not to like in this book. It’s easy to read and loaded with practical and interesting information. The authors know their subject and clearly have enjoyed digging deeper into Windows 7 than most people would. They like explaining things and offering helpful tips to make everything work more efficiently. It is easy to find information in the book, and since the writing and explanations are so clear, it’s easy to understand what to do once one finds the information.
That said, this is a very large book and it’s not really for the beginner who just wants simple instructions to get Windows 7 up and running and to keep it working right. It goes into a lot of detail, which may be more than some people want to deal with. The focus is on doing things with Windows 7 in your own workspace rather than the things one can do when connected to the outside world. The section called Some Useful Accessory Programs is about applications built into Windows 7, rather than easily available software from other sources.
The Verdict: A Great Buy for Geeks!
Windows 7 Inside Out, Deluxe Edition is an excellent reference and a genuine educational resource. It’s a huge book and has all kinds of information that the reader may not have known before (but can be put to good use immediately). If you want buy only one Windows 7 reference book, this definitely should be the one. It’s a keeper!
If you purchased the first edition of the book, look through the table of contents of this new edition. I’m pretty sure you will find new chapters & content which will make you consider this new edition. If you did not purchase the first edition of the book, then go directly for the Deluxe Edition. You don’t get more complete books about Windows 7 than this.
You can find Windows 7 Inside Out, Deluxe Edition on Amazon US or Amazon UK. The readers who will buy from Amazon using any of these two links will help us receive a small percentage of their purchase. Thanks a lot for that.
UPDATE: Ed Bott (one of the authors of the book) just published on his personal blog useful information about how to purchase this book in a digital format, as cheaply as possible. You can find more information here: The best way to get a digital copy of Windows 7 Inside Out, Deluxe Edition.
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Taiwan’s Outer Islands Make for Exclusive Adventures
LOS ANGELES, CA - Taiwan’s best kept secret from worldwide travelers is its unique small outer islands surrounding the mainland. Lonely Planet described them as "opportunities for those intrepid enough to make the trip."
The four islands, Green, Guishan, Lanyu and Penghu, because of limited transportation, have remained exclusively private, well-preserved and almost unknown to the international travel spotlight for years. But with the recent discovery by foreign adventurers seeking for bold and fearless type of fun for their leisure, these islands are quickly becoming the best hidden gems of Asia.
Taiwan’s fourth largest island, Green (Ludao) Island, is located off-shore of Taitung, Southeast of Taiwan. The island is surrounded by coral reefs comprised of various colorful and vibrant species that makes it a snorkelers’ ultimate paradise.
The round-shape island is 16.3 kilometer designed with highways linking to most of the popular scenic spots including the Green Island Lighthouse, Green Island Park, General Rock, Gateway Rock, Guanyin Cave, Youzi Lake, Pekinese Dog Rocks, Sleeping Beauty Rock, Sail Cape, Black Ghost Cave, and the rare Zhaori Saltwater Hot Springs. According to the island’s indigenous people, soaking in the hot-spring water especially under the bright stars at night helps alleviate stress and a long list of ailments including neuralgia, arthritis, intestinal disorders, and skin diseases.
Located in the Northeastern Coast of Taiwan is Guishan Island, the only outer island with an active volcano and magnificent coastal views. In order to preserve the natural environment and beauty of this wondrous haven, the number of tourists is controlled. But with the recent growing popularity of whale watching, the island has become a must tourist attraction for mainlanders and foreigners.
Situated off the Southeastern Coast of Taiwan like Green Island, Lanyu (Orchid) Island is its closest neighbor. According to scientists, Lanyu Island was raised from the sea by the accumulation of volcanic lava. The mountainous island has a moist and rainy climate covered with dense rain forest filled with a variety of plants and animals unique to the island. The island’s coral reefs combined with the perfect current makes it a paradise for fishermen and skin divers.
Since the island was discovered, it has been inhabited by the Yami tribe, the most primitive of Taiwan’s indigenous tribes. The main reason that the island has maintained its pristine natural beauty through time is Yami’s success to maintain their traditional culture and lifestyle, which includes a must visit tour of how they built traditional stone houses mostly underground to avoid extreme temperatures and ravages of typhoons. Other popular must see events created by the Yami tribe are The Flying Fish and Boat Launching festivals.
The Penghu archipelago is Taiwan’s largest offshore cluster of islands located in the straits that separate Taiwan from China. Penghu is made up of ninety small islands with a combined coastline that stretches more than 320 kilometers. Each season brings its own particular scenery to the islands. The landscape is characterized by basaltic rocks, coral reefs, sea-eroded formations, and beaches. The popular fishing culture and migratory birds are what makes this island unique from all other islands in the world.
"Taiwan’s outer islands have so much natural beauty, culture and treasure only unique to these individual islands that are still being kept as Asia’s best secret from our international travelers," said Trust Lin, Director of Taiwan Tourism Bureau Los Angeles. "By introducing our outer islands, we hope more international travelers seeking for unique places to explore will select our islands as their next new adventure."
For more information on traveling to Taiwan, please visit www.taiwan.net.tw
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State Agricultural Resources Department Receives USDA Grant for Expanding Availability of Farm Fresh Foods in Urban Markets
BOSTON - August 30, 2011 - The Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources (DAR) today announced it has received a $13,625 grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to explore ways to effectively make local, farm-fresh products available in Boston's urban neighborhoods.
The goal of the grant, which was awarded to DAR in cooperation with the Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, is to study how to move agricultural products from farms and wholesale markets to urban corner stores while meeting the preferences and requirements of producers, store owners and target consumers.
The grant is one of 25 grants the USDA awarded to 19 states and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico to help create economic opportunities for American producers and businesses.
Through the study Identifying Farm Barriers to Wholesale Distribution of Fresh Produce to Inner-City Corner Stores, DAR will work to develop a deeper understanding of customer interest by identifying the types of fruits and vegetables most likely to be purchased at urban convenience stores. By identifying customer preference, the study aims to provide wholesale produce farms with insight into how to improve their marketability as produce suppliers to Boston neighborhood corner stores.
"Bringing more fresh fruits and vegetables to urban neighborhoods brings more healthy, locally-grown foods to more people and gives our farmers a bigger market to sell to and supporting our agricultural economy ," said DAR Commissioner Scott J. Soares. "Establishing distribution channels for Massachusetts produce to residents of the city of Boston also makes it possible for urban retailers to diversify their selection of products."
Under its Federal-State Marketing Improvement Program (FSMIP), the USDA matches $1.3 million worth of state grants to state departments of agriculture, state agricultural experiment stations, and other appropriate state agencies to assist in exploring new market opportunities for U.S. food and agricultural products and to encourage research and innovation aimed at improving the marketing system.
"FSMIP provides our state partners with matching funds to explore new and innovative approaches to marketing U.S. food and agricultural products," said Agriculture Deputy Secretary Kathleen Merrigan. "USDA supports state and local projects ranging from research to retail to ensure that quality American products are marketed efficiently and effectively."
DAR's mission is to ensure the long-term viability of local agriculture in Massachusetts. Through its four divisions - Agricultural Development, Animal Health, Crop and Pest Services, and Technical Assistance - the DAR strives to support, regulate and enhance the Commonwealth's agricultural community, working to promote economically and environmentally sound food safety and animal health measures, and fulfill agriculture's role in energy conservation and production. For more information, visit DAR's website at www.mass.gov/agr, and/or follow at http://twitter.com/#!/MDARCommish.
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From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
Despite the Cats That Look Like Hitler craze sweeping the interwebs these days there is no doubt the Kitler master race exists.
|Kitler hates you and Mews|
|The Holy Kitler|
|Classification|| The only Cats that look like |
|Position||Fuhrer of Germany and conqueror of France.|
|Motive||To kill all Mews|
|Born||20th April, 1889.|
|Death Date||30th April, 1945.|
Adorable little Cats aside, it is a proven fact that Kitler is out to get you.
Do I have a Kitler?
You know your cat is a Kitler when it does 2 or more of the following things.
- It Hates Americans
- Killer cats killin all humans, watch the hell out yo, it be ridiculous* It isn't home a lot
- It has small moustache
- It looks like it is Emo, which it probably is
onceALWAYS TRIED TO TAKE OVER THE WORLD
- It pisses on your sheets and lips when you're asleep
- It falls asleep on your face so often that it seems as if it is doing it on purpose, which it is!
- It signs a tweety with Pussolini
- Forces you to eat it's fecal matter (maybe urine).
- It likes little kits.
- Eats your food/ urinates on your food very often.
- has left to join the cazi/nazi.
So you have a Kitler
Don't fear, here some rules to help take care of your kitler.
- Don't let it get fat. It will hate you more if it is fat.
- Don't try to cuddle with it. It will hate you more, and you'll come out of it severely injured.
- Don't let it near the news or newspaper. It's better that you don't know why.
- Don't smile when you see it, they hate smil-smile, smile at it, anything to get you killed.
- Don't get a dog, that's the last thing you want. Especially if you wish the dog to stay alive.
- Don't let it go outside. It may never come back.
- Don't attempt to huff a Kitler! This will be disastrous for all involved.
- Don't shave it or try to dye it's hair/'tash unless you want to look like a scratching post.
- Don't let it near any Mews. Actually, scratch that one. This is usually entertaining.
- If you wish to keep your kitler alive, keep it away from the Non-Huffable Kitten at all costs!
- Pretend to enjoy cleaning out its litterbox. This will amuse it.
- If you wish to kill a Kitler, let it live for a while or get like 10 catdiers to painfully and amusingly kill it.
- Give it your food, It will like watching you eat their food. Cat food is actually tasty
- Don't get another kitten if you want it alive. Kitlers only like the orange ones and may use it for Kitten Huffing or a very useful catdier or very rarely, friend.
Kitler is internationally renowned for being a murderer of innocent Mews during WWII (Wild Warping #2). Many infamous concentration camps were established under his reign, including "Meowshwitz", where Mews were killed mercilessly. Popular methods of murder were:
- Attaching Kitler's mouth to a pipe which eventually led to hermetically sealed room, where awaited a voluminous amount of Mews; one whiff of Kitler's breath could kill all.
- Stabbation with a fang of one of his minions. These fangs are diamond hard and, again, stink like shit.
- Shooting. Nothing special about this.
Hitler phones Kitler while the last is drunk.
The future of Kitlerdom
Currently, all Kitlers are hatching a world-wide plot to ressurect the Nazi party and take over the world. If you see your kitler acting suspiciously, TURN THEM IN, and win a free t-shirt! Notably strange activity includes: Disapearing, tendency to sleep while standing up, lack of blinking and ordering yellow-cake uranium on teh interwebz
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20 years ago, Hurricane Andrew was a category 5 storm that hit South East Florida on August 24, 1992. I was living in Tampa, Florida and only experienced some bad weather, my family and many others suffered through the storm of the century as it was being called.
Countless property was lost and Miami, especially Homestead, Florida was an utterly appalling disaster area. Water was scarce, tempers ran high as people struggled to provide the survival necessities. My family’s home was severely damaged in the storm forcing my family to relocated to North Miami while the repairs were being done on the home. I still regret for not realizing the extent of emotional and physical damage to my family. I should have packed up my Bronco with supplies and headed to Miami, but I didn’t. And, for this I am deeply sorry. One positive outcome of the hurricane Andrew was that my beloved brother and I grew much closer cultivated our brotherhood.
I am not exactly sure when these pictures were taken. It was sometime later probably in Autumn of 1992 when I took a drive around Homestead to see the damage with my own eyes. The streets were unrecognizable, I couldn’t tell one from the next. All of my childhood landmarks were gone. The Miami that was part of my soul was blown away as the 175 mile per hour winds (280 k/ph) hit the city of my birth. When I drive Krome Avenue these days, it still looks more barren than it ever was, except for all the cookie cutter developments that was sprouted over the last 20 years.
All these years later Miami has become a greener city again. Many of the trees have grown back and some of the neighborhoods look lush as they used to, but not the same. There are neighborhoods you can visit in between Miami and Homestead where the only the foundation of buildings remain.
It is hard to believe that 20 years have passed since that day. These pictures were taken with my beloved Nikon FG, and a taped up and reloaded disposable panorama camera. They were also hand printed in my university’s darkroom. Some of my first prints to be done in color. My color balancing skills were not as good as they are now. As I can now use my digital darkroom to work on my pictures, part of my heart still belongs to the magic of watching an image come alive in the developer.
Looking back now I have come to the realization how much this event changed my life. Hurricane Andrew not only tore down buildings but it ripped some families to shreds. I am thankful that my family was safe, and that we all survived to be together.
Let us not forget this tragedy as other storms barrel their way across the Caribbean and the American South, especially the land of my birth, Miami.
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The Society has been collecting oral histories for many years, and is only beginning to make them available to the public. Here we provide a small selection of histories on a number of topics, collected from long-time area residents.
William Redlich, 1920s-1940s
ill Redlich shares his experiences growing up in the West Ridge neighborhood during the 1920s, and shares some of his experiences as an aircraft engineer during World War II.
Use the controls below to listen to Mr. Redlich's interview, or click on the icon to download the transcript.
Join the friends of the Society in their interactions on the Society's Facebook page! Visit us on Facebook, and be sure to "like" RPWRHS today!
Show Your Support—Donate Today!
Your donation helps support the development of programs that bring the history of the Rodgers Park and West Ridge neighborhoods to life!
Just click on the "Donate" button below—PayPal's secure site will take care of the transaction, using your credit card or PayPal account.
About the Society
The Rogers Park/West Ridge Historical Society collects, preserves and shares the story of the diverse community of Chicago’s far north side. Established in 1975 by local residents who believed their part of Chicago was a place with much to celebrate, the Society today serves the community through its publications, architectural tours, and various educational and outreach efforts.
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With the Labour Government exhausted and its supporters dismayed, why isn’t the Conservative Party leader David Cameron sailing home to victory?
Under the leadership of Prime Minister Gordon Brown, all the weaknesses of the Labour Party have been painfully exposed. British Prime Ministers are elected by the House of Commons, and the Members of that Parliament by the people; so when Brown’s predecessor Tony Blair resigned, his replacement as Labour Party leader became Prime Minister without a general election. In the country, Brown had been a popular figure – if only because he seemed to be the more trustworthy next to the mercurial Blair. But once he took office, Brown’s weaknesses were on view.
Just as much as Blair, Brown was the architect of the ‘New Labour’ project that shed the party’s welfare state socialist image for a ‘Third Way’. Modelled on Bill Clinton’s revamp of the Democratic Party, the programme demanded that Labour stop using government to provide for its urban poor and trade union constituencies – supporters who would frighten away more aspiring middle class voters.
But clearing the old-school socialists out of Labour’s policy-making bodies left an ideological vacuum that was filled by environmentalists, the culturati and NGO-enthusiasts for action over the third world. New Labour had freed itself of its traditional socialism only to become beholden to the enthusiasms of the educated political classes. Attention-grabbing ‘humanitarian interventions’ into third world countries were avowedly not in Britain’s national interests, but in pursuit of an ethical foreign policy. Money was directed into subsidising arts centres and other cultural projects.
Government took on policies that protected the environment, but damaged industry: ‘traffic-calming’ measures – bus and cycle lanes, speed restrictions, congestion charge zones – were put in place with the express purpose of dissuading people from using the roads. Meanwhile road building was put on hold; licenses for new power stations were withheld, so that the country is facing blackouts in six years’ time; bans were put in place on use of GM crops.
Labour did listen to the City of London’s financial lobby – Goldman Sachs’ Gavyn Davies was a close advisor, as was ‘Shrieky’ Shriti Vadera of UBS Warburg. Labour kept the Conservatives’ banking deregulation but retained Britain’s extraordinary legal controls on land development, so that credit to buy homes was readily available, but very few were built. Anyone sentient could have predicted the result: prices went sky-high putting home ownership beyond the reach of working class people.
Given his subservience to the City, it was not surprising that when British banks over-extended position led to collapse in late 2008, Brown bailed them pushing public debt into the trillions. Labour’s traditional working class supporters were asking why their party was subsidising million pound bailouts to banks, while their own jobs were disappearing. Most Britons are proud of their armed services, but they had to ask why they were losing their lives in Afghanistan and Iraq. And they wondered how it was that the income gap between rich and poor was getting so much worse under Labour.
Public disaffection with the political class reached fever pitch when newspapers published details of the Members of Parliament’s own expense claims. MPs were seen to have lied about their addresses to get the taxpayer to pay the mortgage, just as they put their relatives down as researchers and assistants.
David Cameron ought to have been in the best possible place to take advantage of the government’s difficulties. But Cameron has proven for too much in the same mould as Gordon Brown, and Tony Blair.
Cameron got to be Tory Party leader after three successive general election defeats. The lesson that the party drew from its experiences in 1997, 2001 and 2005 was that it was the Tory Party’s core brand that was at fault. Cameron was chosen largely by saying that the party should imitate Blair’s ideology-lite, environmentally-conscious, caring, dash for the ‘middle ground’. The Conservatives had to get over their ‘nasty party’ image.
Cameron dropped a lot of the party’s traditional MPs, and invited people who were not mainstream Tories on board. Cameron’s remodelling of the Conservative Party followed the Brown-Blair model of pushing the core constituency aside to let in new faces. But the new faces that rushed in had the same gentry-liberal preoccupations as those that had taken over the Labour Party in 1997.
Here’s an example of the new Conservative. As well as running an organic hobby farm, Zac Goldsmith is Cameron’s dashing prospective Tory Party candidate for Richmond Upon Thames. For the last ten years he has been proprietor and editor of The Ecologist magazine, Britain’s foremost green media voice. Zac inherited £300 million from his father, asset-stripping financier Sir James Goldsmith, using the proceeds to finance his pet causes through his own grant-making bodies, the JMG Foundation and the Isvara Foundation. He gives money to his own small-farmers groups FARM, which is committed to stopping private housing developments, has underwritten the Ecologist’s debts of £864,675. He has financed his own web-site SpinWatch to ‘expose’ corporate lobbying – though as Private Eye pointed out, its attack on the nuclear industry was curiously selective, mentioning no Tories, only Labour-backing investors (26 May 2006).
Well-heeled voters in Richmond might not be too bothered that Zac has written a book The Constant Economy saying we need an end to growth, because they are already enjoying theirs.
Another key Cameron supporter is advisor Philip Blond whose manifesto Red Tory bemoans the loss of England’s traditional charm under the twin evils of state socialism and the free market ideologies he blames upon the (conveniently foreign-sounding) Milton Friedman. Blond’s traditionalist fantasy of Merrie England is drawn from the backward-looking dreams of G.K. Chesterton and Hilaire Belloc, who railed against modernity back in the early twentieth century.
Blond’s call for people to rely less on the state is well-made, but his anti-capitalism must have alarmed the party’s core supporters: ‘economic liberalism has often been a cover for monopoly capitalism and is therefore just as socially damaging as left-wing statism.’ Blond’s solution, though, is some state-enforced localism, with legal controls to redirect investment into municipal authorities – what he calls a ‘distributist state’. If this is David Cameron’s big idea, redistributing wealth through local government, it is not surprising that he has not made a great deal of headway in the polls given that everyone understands the real issue is the penurious state of the country’s finances.
Throughout the election, Cameron has led in the opinion polls, but not by enough to guarantee a majority in parliament. When the country held its first ever televised leaders debate, something that the Tory leader had demanded, he was up-staged by Nick Clegg, leader of Britain’s third party, the Liberal Democrats. In truth Clegg’s appeal is not programmatic – he is pretty much more of the same as the other two. But what he did very effectively was to position himself as the outsider, not a part of the old two party system, a kind of younger, more attractive Ross Perot.
Clegg’s appeal to the politically disaffected ought to have worked for David Cameron. But Cameron’s failing lies in the fact that he simply has replicated the New Labour project, just as the public were falling out of love with it. Environmentalism, stopping urban sprawl, and ‘restoring communities’ are the preoccupations of a narrow strand of British society: the kind of people who occupy the lower rungs of government service. It is not that most Britons want to trash the environment, or concrete over the countryide, nor indeed support community breakdown. It is just that they do not understand why their own self-betterment always has to give way to those concerns.
Tragically, the only party that has made an issue of Britain’s chronic housing shortage is the far-right British National Party. Neither the Tories, nor Labour, less still the Liberal Democrats, have the courage to face down the NIMBY opponents of new building. The Tories’ own supporters (like the Lib Dems) have made it to the suburbs and do not want to share or expand them. Labour cannot give up its grip on government planning laws. With no-one willing to free up land for development, the BNP’s call to drive immigrants out is the loathsome conclusion of anti-growth sentiment.
When they look at the Eton-educated front bench team that Cameron is putting up, voters see the kind of people who have made (or inherited) their stash, and now are pulling up a drawbridge behind them. All of the pious talk about looking after the poor sounds like parish charity, not giving people a chance to help themselves.
David Cameron’s Conservatives are still the favourite to win the General Election, the only puzzle is why are they finding it so hard to close the deal – a puzzle until you look at their policies, that is.
James Heartfield works for the Audacity.org think tank, and most recently wrote Green Capitalism: Manufacturing Scarcity in an Age of Abundance (Mute, 2009). His website is at www.heartfield.org
Photo by: conservativeparty
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Bill Hayward was in a noisy, sterile hotel conference room in Santa Fe one morning last summer, preparing to photograph Russell Means, the Native American activist, performer and national monument. The pair discussed everything from matriarchs on reservations to Means' preference for being pictured outdoors in his home state of South Dakota. After about an hour the conversation turned to their collaboration: Hayward portraying Means portraying America with the aid of black paint on large sheets of white paper.
Means then did something Hayward had never experienced during a dozen years of turning studio into sandbox. The linebacker-sized fellow with the thigh-long braids, who seemed imposing even in shorts and loafers without socks, said he didn't want to write or draw anything. His novel concept was to share nothing but blank paper.
"This is enough," Means insisted. "I've been surrounded by white my entire life."
Hayward was delighted by Means' sneaky statement about being a minority in a land where his ancestors were the majority. "That's the kind of moment one hopes for," says the 59-year-old photographer. "All of a sudden, something just falls out -- that's a great gesture, that's true to the person, that's true to the encounter. It's all about the encounter."
For eight months Hayward has been encountering notions of America at historic places around the country. From Lowell, Mass., a cradle of industry, to the World Trade Center site, a crucible of grief, he's been photographing declarations of independence: patriotism, feminism, pacifism. His mission is to excavate a graveyard of mental macadam.
"Our generation's idea of history is to pave it over and keep going," says Hayward in his studio on an elegant block of Manhattan's Flatiron district. "I want to find out how history lives out in people's lives -- how it's in their DNA, their gene pool. I want to get people to realize their investment -- to stop and spend some time with their heri-
"The American Memory Project" is an offramp of "Bad Behavior," Hayward's portraits of creative types creating with paper, paint, brush, scissors, tape and skin. Lafayette College, his alma mater, is exhibiting 16 of these black-and-white images, all of which appear in a 2000 book published by Rizzoli, the renowned art-book house. Actor Willem Dafoe crouches under his drawing of a giant Earth Mother; writer Eve Ensler lounges on a bed of crumpled paper under a sign marked "VULVA," one of the many charged words neutralized in her play "The Vagina Monologues."
Hayward's liberating methods sprang from the prison of commercial photography. In the 1970s and '80s he had plenty of choice assignments. He illustrated an annual report for ACNielsen, the television-ratings king, with pictures of employees in Africa, China and other far-flung places. He shot Bob Dylan for Interview magazine, President Ronald Reagan for the cover of Fortune. He relishes the memory of Secret Service agents moving furniture to transform the White House's Cabinet Room into a studio.
By the late '80s, however, Hayward felt creatively cornered. "I was frustrated with the notion that I could dress you a certain way, light you a certain way, and get a certain look," he points out. "But it had nothing to do with you, and everything to do with me."
Hayward exercised, and exorcised, his soul by screwing prints to walls, treating them with "bad behavior." Around the same time he began photographing people behaving "badly" with paper and paint. His inspirational model was painter Francis Bacon, who advised artists to follow their brushstrokes.
Hayward's first guinea pig was a friend, writer Jennifer Allen. Her book "Fifth Quarter," also published in 2000, is a family biography starring her late father, George, the football coach with the ferocious focus. Hayward thanks Allen by placing her first in "Bad Behavior," which is a 168-page mansion of romper rooms.
Subjects paint wall-sized poems and cartoon landscapes, confessions (opera singer Lauren Gruber's "I really wanted to be Janis Joplin") and bumper-sticker slogans (writer/actor/gay guru Quentin Crisp's "You Don't Have to Win"). They give themselves painted antlers and pasted feathers, the body of a minotaur and the costume of a pope in a sauna. They look glad, sad, mad and, yes, bad.
Thirteen of the 90 folks in "Bad Behavior" are naked at least from neck to ankle. Writer/poet Victoria Redel, Hayward's companion, throws back head, covers breasts and joyfully raises a leg under the statement "Here is my detailed list of what I want." Robert LaFosse, a dancer/choreographer, makes himself the statement. He cavorts through five images, holding brush, paint can and classical poses, his skin dripped like Abstract Expressionist versions of ancient Greek statues.
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A strong education system is a keystone to Albemarle’s economic vitality. Education provides opportunity and skills to all students and helps each to achieve to the best of his or her ability and become a productive adult. When county taxpayers invest in education, they are “buying in” to the corporation at the lowest cost possible. Successful students will have more productive lives, be employed, support their families, and make contributions to our society as their strengths dictate. If we cut the essential educational processes and students fall behind or through the cracks in our safety net, higher costs will be paid in the future for many other social and justice services.
Everyone has high expectations for continued improvement in operations. With concerned citizens electing committed and energetic school board members, I am certain we will not be disappointed.
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Jeffrey Goldberg: It seems to me, and probably other people, that Brown changed everything and nothing at the same time. In other words, the Supreme Court could ultimately not mandate true racial integration. Much of your book is about the non-race consequences of Brown; did you focus on this because Brown's impact on integration has been so disappointing? Or am I wrong in my assumptions?
Martha Minow: I wrote the book in the context of so many public discussions about disappointments around Brown v. Board of Education--and I share the disappointment that public K-12 schools today are in most parts of the country racially imbalanced in their enrollments. I did want to give Brown its due for shattering the racial apartheid of Jim Crow laws, where statutes and ordinances mandated segregation by race not only of school children, but also their textbooks in summer storage; and where racial hierarchy enforced by vigilante justice and lynching deprived African-Americans of access to public accommodations, good jobs, political participation, and more. That era is over, and the social movement surrounding Brown generating the 1964 Civil Rights Act and political and economic changes that at least in some measure contributed to the successes of people like Oprah Winfrey, Ken Chennault, and Barack Obama.
Even racial desegregation of schools--for a time--made real progress; the most racially mixed schools in 1971 were those in the South because of federal court and administrative enforcement of desegregation orders. Yet political backlash and the backing off of federal enforcement by courts and agencies followed; the 1974 Supreme Court decision drawing a line at the suburbs for any remedy for segregated and failing schools in Detroit was one indication of this change. And white families that wanted to avoid desegregation and failing schools moved to the suburbs or private schools. The disappointing status of school desegregation reflects both the loss of public enforcement and patterns of private residential and schooling choices; most white children in American now attend schools with predominantly children and most African-American and Hispanic students attend schools with few white children. Equal opportunity remains the residual goal--with bi-partisan support for investing in schools and working to reduce the racial gap in achievement scores, but racial integration has largely receded from public priorities when it comes to K-12 public schools.
Yet the impact of Brown spreads way beyond that context. In colleges and universities, workplaces, and media depictions, racial integration remains a significant goal. And beyond the context of race, Brown inspired social movements and advocacy efforts on behalf of immigrants, students learning English, girls, and persons with disabilities--with court cases and legislation renovating public schools to promote equality across these lines and often, though not always, integration, too. Equality as framed by Brown became a framework for some advocates addressing poverty and others working on behalf of gay, lesbian, bi- and transgendered youth. Brown and the litigation strategy and rhetorical around it guided others interested in opening up public support for religious schools. I wanted to highlight these huge influences while also exploring in all these contexts, when and how equality has come to signal a demand for integration, and when instead "separate but equal" seems a sensible result. Even where "separate but equal" seems permitted--as with single-sex education, for example--there's a big change in the law and in public demand for real and comparable opportunities, regardless of a person's gender, disability, or other identity. I wanted to focus on these other realms to do justice to Brown to reclaim the path it represents: people can work together, using law and organizing socially and politically, to change the opportunities and practices for all kinds of people.
JG: Apart from desegregating (as opposed to truly integrating) public schools, what in your opinion has been the greatest unintended consequence of Brown? Which is to say, which group, or class, did it wind up helping, even inadvertently?
MM: Among the unintended or unexpected consequences of Brown v. Board of Education; four vie for position of "most surprising":
1) the advocacy for gender equality in public school that first took the form of seeking co-education but over time has taken the shape of policies supporting single-sex public education;
2) the push to "mainstream" students with disabilities--including students with mental disabilities so that they may attend part or all of the school day with other students;
3) the emergence of school choice, first as a device for avoiding court-ordered desegregation, then as a technique for encouraging racial desegregation, and then as a technique intended to promote competition and school improvement;
4) the ultimately successful effort to secure constitutional approval for the use of public funds in support of private religious education.
The first two seem remarkable given that part of the argument defending racially segregated schools--as made by lawyer John Davis on behalf of South Carolina in the Brown litigation--was the warning that racial desegregation could deprive state's of the "right to segregate its pupils on the ground of sex or on the ground of age or on the ground of mental capacity." These potential consequences seemed so undesirable as to be part of the argument against racial desegregation. Yet lawyers and parents pursued claims on behalf of girls and on behalf of students with disabilities soon after Brown In a twist, though, in both circumstances, arguments for pursuing equality at times through separate instruction along lines of gender or disability have also emerged and in many situations prevailed.
The adaptability of school choice as a set of policies or practices with lives of their own, assisting both movements for and against integration of different kinds of students and also advancing other goals is a pretty surprising result of Brown Some opponents of Brown went so far as to leave the public schools altogether or even seek the closure of public schools, and these efforts initially tainted arguments for school choice as a form of resistance to Brown. But when Judge Garrity in Boston and other judges and school boards pursuing school desegregation elected to incorporate forms of school choice within the public system, this practice became a technique for promoting voluntary mixing of students of different races. And then it became an attractive policy for many who believe that competition and consumer sovereignty offer incentives for improving teaching and educational results. So now school choice can include vouchers and tax credits to pay for private schooling, magnet schools within a school district, and charter schools, giving entrepreneurial groups of teachers, parents, or others public dollars to open and run a school and compete with regular public schools for students.
An element of the school choice development has its roots in the quite separate struggle started on behalf of Catholic families for public aid to Catholic schools--and now extending to other religious schools. Michael McConnell developed constitutional arguments in this effort that drew on the ideal of equality in, Brown while emphasizing protection against viewpoint discrimination of religious and nonreligious schools rather than focusing on individuals. Clint Bolick launched an organization pursuing vouchers for private schools on the 50th anniversary of Brown as part of a self-conscious effort to copy the long-term strategies of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund. Perhaps this is the legacy of Brown as an example of how advocates can plan a long-term strategy to change a legal framework well beyond arguments for equal protection of the laws.
JG: An even more basic question, and something I want to come back at again -- We've been talking about the unexpected implications of Brown, but let's address Brown's great and central failure. The "failure" I'm referring to might not be a failure at all -- or it might represent something that Brown, or any Supreme Court decision, wasn't meant to do, which is to change culture. Yes, we live in a legally desegregated society today, but people hoped that Brown would bring about something more dramatic -- the true mixing of races in schools, and consequently across society. But this hasn't happened. Why? How do you think this could come about? Is there anything else left to legislate (or to be ruled upon by the courts) or is this purely a matter of culture?
MM: It is not insignificant that Brown v. Board ended state-mandated segregation of schools, but there remains disappointment. It did not produce much integration. By that, I mean more than mixing people of different races, side by side--more like the ongoing creation of a shared community of mutual respect, engagement, and investment in the successes and lives of the diverse group of people.
To understand why integration didn't emerge brings us into close connection with the surge of social science research after Brown. Social scientists played a role in the litigation itself as they offered evidence of the damage to black children who experienced legally imposed racial segregation. Then, social scientists turned to study the sources and solvents of racial prejudice. Gordon Allport's book, "The Nature of Prejudice," appeared just before the Supreme Court's 1954 decision. It argued that casual contact is not likely to overcome prejudices. But, the book went on, sustained contact among people of equal status who participate in cooperative activities--such as sports teams--reduces prejudices and builds a sense of appreciation and respect. A lot of people drew on the "contact" idea without the elements of cooperative activity among people of equal status, yet Allport himself predicted that school desegregation alone would fail to reduce racial prejudice.
Recent waves of social science research documents the benefits of mixing people of different backgrounds in school and work settings. These benefits include higher academic achievement, reduced stereotypes, enhanced abilities to take the perspective of others and increased capacity to devise creative solutions to problems.
The most successfully integrated part of the nation is probably the United States military--desegregated by presidential fiat. There, studies show both African-Americans and whites report that race relations far better there than in the single race communities. What seems important there are the clear commitments to uncompromising performance standards, assignment and rotation of officers based in part on their ability to create an environment without racial bias. The record of schools run by the US Department of Defense for children of military personnel is instructive. These schools reduce the racial gap in achievement and motivate intensive parental involvement which is itself associated with higher student achievement. Why do these schools work well for students of different races? Does it matter that the military is the only sector where whites are routinely supervised by African Americans? Or is the presence of common values among the parents the key, or is it the power of the military to order parents to read to their kids and come to parent-teacher conferences? None of these qualities is likely to be replicated any time soon in civilian quarters.
This is a long way of saying that law can change practices and attitudes, but only if it's part of a long term and intensive effort that addresses hearts, minds, and comprehensive ways of life.
Right now, charter schools could overcome the residential segregation characteristic that is so many parts of the country by attracting students from different neighborhoods. Whether these schools could also help shape communities where students and parents of all races care about one another's success and well-being--integrated communities--remains to be seen but there is as great a risk that charter schools permit self-separation by race, ethnicity etc. into theme-based schools.
Law is more like a fence than a spur to inner change. Law is typically better at saying "no" than at saying "yes." It can create parameters within which parents, teachers and and others work together on common goals and experiences.
This article available online at:
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Seth Shostak, senior astronomer at the SETI Institute, recently wrote in a The Huffington Post blog that UFOs are "a phenomenon worthy of attention," and I agree. SETI is in the business of searching for signals from intelligent extraterrestrial civilizations, and although Shostak's story continued to highlight some of the wild email correspondence he receives from people convinced that ET is already visiting us, SETI was once viewed as fringe itself. However, devoted scientists worked hard to make their case and in the process have gathered other scientists from multiple disciplines to join in the discussion and research topics related to SETI. Now their work is accepted by the mainstream, so much so that it seems hardly a week goes by without some major media outlet writing about what SETI is up to lately.
I think this is a great model for what needs to happen in the UFO research community, so I am working to make that happen. Just like the brilliant, forward-thinking scientists that helped develop the field of scientific study we now refer to as SETI, there are brilliant, forward-thinking scientists from multiple disciplines who are interested in looking deeper into the UFO mystery. I am gathering some of these academics and members of the mainstream media to take a serious hard look at the phenomena in relation to other space mysteries. This event is called the Cosmic Exploration Conference: Science, UFOs and the Search for Extraterrestrial Life and is being held in Las Vegas in October. I have also launched a Kickstarter project to seek funding to video tape the lectures and post them on YouTube.
The conference includes speakers in the field of astronomy and aerospace to talk about the state of the search for life on other planets, including the current boom in the discovery of planets outside of our solar system possibly capable of harboring life. There will also be professors of psychology, sociology and theology who are experts in examining the effects on society should we find evidence of life on another planet, whether that be microbial or an advanced civilization.
Members of the mainstream media who have taken a serious look at these topics and retired military officers that can speak to how governments have or have not reacted to these topics will also be on hand. This includes retired Major General Wilfried De Brouwer, who, while in the Belgian Air Force, was in charge of the investigation of multiple sightings of strange triangular craft throughout the 1990s.
The Huffington Post blogger Lee Speigel will also be presenting on hearings held at the United Nations in the 1970s on UFOs. Speigel created an audio visual presentation for the U.N. delegates as part of an initiative championed by Sir Eric Gairy of Grenada that resulted in the passing of an official U.N. UFO decision.
Recently U.S News and World Report released a special issue titled "The Mysteries of Space," which among the topics of solar storms and the arms race in space, included a serious look at the UFO phenomenon. I think this is another example that mainstream science and media are ready and willing to pay attention to a sober examination of the UFO question. Famous theoretical physicist Michio Kaku put it well in an ABC special on UFOs when he said, "90 percent of the UFO sightings are probably misidentified and prosaic, however, the other 10 percent beckons further exploration and serious attention from the scientific community, so let their investigations begin."
Follow Alejandro Rojas on Twitter: www.twitter.com/paranormalrptr
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“Outside of its legitimate functions, government does nothing as well or as economically as the private sector of the economy,” Ronald Reagan once said. Given the fact that markets outperform monopolies in every aspect of our lives, why do we consign something as important as education to government-run institutions?
The results of our assignment-by-ZIP code public-education system over the last half century show that we shouldn't. Graduation rates have remained stagnant since the 1970s, with roughly three-quarters of students graduating. In some of America's largest cities, fewer than half of all students complete high school.
Reading and math achievement on the National Assessment of Educational Progress — often referred to as the nation's “report card” — is lackluster. Across the country, just one-third of fourth-grade students are proficient in reading; a mere 40 percent are on grade level in math.
Even in what are traditionally thought of as the higher-performing suburban schools, academic achievement is woefully lacking. Researchers Jay Greene and Josh McGee found that “out of the nearly 14,000 public school districts in the U.S., only 6 percent have average student math achievement that would place them in the upper third of global performance.” Six percent.
School choice provides hope. It provides hope in the form of Rocketship Academy, a hybrid online learning charter school network. It provides hope in the form of Empowerment Scholarship Accounts, the pioneering Arizona initiative that allows parents to customize their child's educational experience with control over education funding. It provides hope in the form of a voucher for a low-income child in Washington, D.C., now able to fulfill her potential at a private school of choice.
Whether through education savings accounts, tax credit scholarship programs, vouchers, online learning, charter schools, or homeschooling, school choice allows access to quality education options that best match individual children's learning needs.
School choice has led to improved academic outcomes, higher graduation rates and increased student safety. It has improved parental satisfaction with their child's academic and social development, and satisfaction with their child's school overall. And it allows parents to access educational options that meet their child's unique learning needs.
School choice also introduces competitive pressure on the public education system that lifts all boats, helping not only students who exercise school choice, but students who remain in public schools.
All the positive benefits of school choice were highlighted across the country recently as part of the third annual National School Choice Week. It's the world's largest-ever celebration of school choice, with events taking place in all 50 states. National School Choice Week is designed to show the success of choice, as well as the need to expand options for every child.
In all, 3,600 events took place across the country, including 2,500 events at schools, including public schools, private schools and magnet schools.
Some people say choice is no panacea for improving the American education system. That may be true. But choice creates the conditions necessary to spur schools to implement reforms and strategies that work — or risk losing students and their money.
Reforms such as performance pay for teachers and the elimination of “social promotion” have positive impacts on student learning. The best schools will embrace initiatives that work in order to provide the best education possible to their students.
There are a host of other reform measures that schools can and should pursue. Without the competition presented by choice, they have little incentive to do so. Choice is the catalyst for the systemic reform that is so desperately needed.
Parents should be able to choose where their children attend school. And they should have the freedom to finance those options with their share of education funding, in a flexible manner that allows education to be customized.
State and local policymakers can begin by re-imagining what “public education” means. By thinking in terms of educating the public, not in terms of government-run schools. Next, they can reconfigure education funding formulas to provide children — not institutions — with education funds, following the children to the school or education option of their parents' choice.
Over the past century, Americans have been the beneficiaries of countless advances in technology, industry, and their general quality of life. American education however, has proven largely impervious to innovation, and the benefits thereof.
That can and must change. It all begins with school choice.
Lindsey M. Burke is the Will Skillman Fellow in Education Policy at The Heritage Foundation. Readers may write to the author in care of The Heritage Foundation, 214 Massachusetts Avenue NE, Washington, D.C. 20002; Web site: www.heritage.org. Information about Heritage's funding may be found at http://www.heritage.org/about/reports.cfm.
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Intel's Xeon Extender promises to enlarge your memory size
Pump it up
Intel has tossed its hat into our Xeon (now enhanced) naming contest, asking the world at large to refer to the chip as Intel® Extended Memory 64 Technology (Intel® EM64T).
"The Intel Extended Memory 64 Technology is a feature that will be included in our forthcoming uni-processor and dual-processor IA32 server and workstation products and enhances these platforms with 64-bit addressability," Intel said.
Congratulations on a stunning entry! EM64T sounds a lot like RU-486 or some other bitter pill. And the 64-bit extension versions of Xeon have been hard for Intel to swallow after rival AMD beat Chipzilla to market with the technology.
Reg readers sent in hundreds of e-mails with their suggestions on what Intel's new chips should be called, and we've been quite busy sorting through all the mail and tallying up points. Rest assured, a winner will be declared in the near future.
For the time being, we'll give you a taste of where the contest is heading. If we had hurried up a bit, Intel might well have used your insights in the naming scheme.
A popular choice for Xeon (now enhanced), er, Xeon EM64T's name has been Prince or the chip formerly known as Xeon.
Matt Collins has another idea.
If there is a Soviet project that looks like Itanium, it has to be the Ekranoplan... for more reasons than bear pointing out... but I like the fact that 'plan' is in the name and it was such a bad one, like Intel's. Might even work as Ikranoplan, too.
Okay the AMD64 copy from Intel needs an Odessy 2001 name, like HAL = IBM,so that would make it the ZiLCh or going the other way the Best Not Extemporise, not very snappy and kind of old fashioned but then the Itanium name didn't do them any favours either - James Noonan
However, an early leader in the contest comes from John Kelly.
OK, now we're talking. Your article stated "In a perfect world, ... we'd like to see some Soviet themes thrown into the naming mix.". However, try as I might, I just can't think of one, so in keeping with the naming style of Opteron and Xeon, may I suggest "STALON".
Any passing resemblance to the name of a historical Soviet leader is of course unintentional, and certainly Intel's omission of any mention of AMD in their documentation and press releases could never be compared to Uncle Joseph's penchant for rewriting history.
And another front-runner comes from Sergio Gelato.
On naming the Xeon64, I'll risk disappointing you and go for the classics rather than 20th-century Eurasia. I'd call it the Icaron, since it seems to have just fallen out of the blue. I had first thought of "Apteron" (wingless), but as the Lin---s case shows you'd better change more than one letter to avoid trouble. Besides, unlike the Itanic, the Icaron probably *will* fly. Not sure how long. And of course the name starts with the right letter.
A lot of the names stemmed from Intel's obvious work mimicking AMD. A popular choice in this vein is Xeopteron - first put forth by Larry McCarthy.
You'll have to wait for the rest of the names, since we don't want to spoil the surprise. We'll take entries through the end of this week.
And just to give you an idea of where creativity and lots of free time can take you, have a look at what Dennis Price came up with.
Xeon (now enhanced) and Nigeria
As you read this, I don't want you to feel sorry for me, because, I believe everything will die someday. My name is 4ELEVEON a processor in Santa Clara, in the U.S. I have been diagnosed with 32-bit cancer.
It has defiled all forms of 64-bit treatment, and right now I have only about a few months to live, according to the experts. I have not particularly lived my life so well, as I never really cared for anyone(not even myself)but my business. Though I am very rich, I was never
generous, I was always hostile to people and only focused on my business as that was the only thing I cared for. But now I regret all this as I now know that there is more to life than just wanting to have
or make all the money in the world. I believe when AMD gives me a second chance to come to this world I would live my life a different way from how I have lived it.
Now that AMD has called me, I have willed and given most of my property and assets to my immediate and extended family members as well as a few close friends. I want AMD to be merciful to me and accept my soul so, I have decided to give alms to charity organizations, as I want this to be one of the last good deeds I do on earth. So far, I have distributed money to some charity organizations in the U.A.E, Algeria and Malaysia.
Now that my health has deteriorated so badly, I cannot do this myself
anymore. I once asked members of my family to close one of my accounts and distribute the money which I have there to charity organization in Bulgaria and Pakistan, they refused and kept the money to themselves. Hence, I do not trust them anymore, as they seem not to be contended with what I have left for them.
The last of my money which no one knows of is the huge cash deposit of eighteen million dollars $18,000,000,00 that I have with a finance/Security Company abroad. I will want you to help me collect this deposit and dispatched it to charity organizations. I have set aside 10% for you and for your time. AMD be with you. 4ELEVEON. ®
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On April 12th The June Buchanan School’s elementary Grades K-5 visited the Cincinnati Zoo for their yearly class field trip. Students enjoyed a day spent with faculty, parents, and creatures of all kinds! According to the Zoo’s website, over 1.2 million people visit the Zoo annually. JBS students were excited about being a part of that number as they visited more than 500 animal species and 3,000 plant species, which ranks as one of the largest zoo collections in the country.
First grade student Drake Turner said, “It was a fun trip. I got to see wolves, bears, a Komodo dragon, and a giraffe.” Second and third grade students agreed by saying, “We liked seeing all the animals and spending time with our friends. We also loved the petting zoo!” When asked what their favorite animal was, the kindergartners said, “We tried to pick our favorite animal, but we loved them all so much that we couldn’t. We love the zoo!”
The Cincinnati Zoo is rated by peer zoological parks as one of the best zoos in the nation and continues to make its mark as a place of conservation, education, and preservation of wild animals and wild spaces.
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Deed and Map Research
A key part of a land surveyor's job is the ability to conduct research, gather documentation regarding a specific property and analyze this data to address many land development, construction, land ownership, and land improvement projects. Research projects can include recorded maps, deeds, control data, title data, zoning, and land planning requirements.
TKM Land Surveyors helps property owners identify and resolve ambiguities in their deed or a neighbor's deed. Performing deed research can be a very time complicated and time consuming task especially for property owners who are unfamiliar with the process. TKM Land Surveyors streamlines this process by
preparing a Deed Sketch and or a Deed Chain which shows the owners of the property from the current owner back to a certain period of time. In some situations, a boundary survey will be undertaken once the Deed Sketch is completed.
Research will be conducted by TKM Land Surveyors using a variety of sources including existing survey maps recorded at County Clerk's offices, highway departments, and other agencies to determine what, if any, impact this information might have on property boundaries. TKM Land Surveyors has helped
property owners in Atherton, Menlo Park, Sunnyvale, Mountain View, Cupertino, San Jose, Los Gatos, Saratoga, Campbell and other cities in Santa Clara, San Mateo, and Contra Costa counties with their deed and map research.
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http://www.tkmlandsurveyors.com/Research_Deed_Map.html
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Outer Path: Samsara of Heavenly Life Technique
|Rōmaji||Gedō: Rinne Tensei no Jutsu|
|Literal English||Outer Path: Saṃsāra of Heavenly Life Technique|
|Viz manga||Gedo: Art of Rinne Rebirth|
|Other||Rinne Rebirth Jutsu|
|Anime||Naruto Shippūden Episode #174|
|Movie||Naruto 5: Blood Prison|
|Game||Naruto Shippūden: Ultimate Ninja Storm 2|
|OVA||Naruto Shippūden: UNSG anime cutscenes|
|Appears in||Anime, Manga, Game and Movie|
|Classification||Kekkei Genkai, Ninjutsu, Reincarnation Ninjutsu, Dōjutsu|
|Hand seals||Ram → Snake|
|Parent jutsu||Outer Path|
By channelling their power through the King of Hell, the Rinnegan wielder can re-infuse new life force energy to the bodies of those who have died. With their rejuvenated bodies acting as an anchor, the individual souls are then able to leave even the crossroad between life and the afterlife, returning back to their physical vessels. The technique targets all the individuals killed, even those not necessarily killed by the user. This technique seemingly requires a massive amount of chakra, as Konan feared the worst for Nagato when he used it after having previously expended so much chakra. Nagato also became severely weakened, his hair became increasingly thinner and greyer as he performed the technique.
As with many of the Rinnegan's techniques, it is influenced by Buddhist terminology. Gedō (外道, lit. "Outer Path"), derived from the Sanskrit Tīrthika, refers to any doctrine which "treads the outer path" to enlightenment. This is opposed to the teachings of orthodox Buddhism, the Naidō (内道; Literally meaning "Inner Path"), and is thus considered misguided and heretical.
- Madara Uchiha — and Obito under the guise of Madara — noted that this technique was supposed to be used to revive him. Madara would eventually be reincarnated anyway, and expressed surprise and disappointment that his return didn't go as planned, as only a living body can become a jinchūriki, which he wanted to do with the Ten-Tails.
- Because Madara has been reincarnated and not revived, he needs Obito to perform this technique so that he can become the Ten-Tails' jinchūriki. Obito has noted that this would result in his own death, however.
- When written as 輪廻転生, Rinne Tensei means "the circle of transmigration".
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Podcasts & RSS Feeds
Most Active Stories
Tue January 10, 2012
Snyder: Right to Work the wrong issue for Michigan now
Governor Rick Snyder today renewed his opposition to the Legislature taking up a controversial right-to-work measure. The governor says the issue would divide the state when it should be focused on an economic recovery. Snyder made the remarks during a tour of the Detroit auto show.
Snyder says the experience in other Midwestern states shows a fierce political fight could consume the Legislature’s attention and sideline other issues.
“And to get into a very divisive debate like that, you create an environment where not much gets done and I would point to Wisconsin, I’d point to Ohio. If you look at Indiana, that’s kind of consuming all the dialogue in that state," he said.
The governor is preparing to outline his priorities for 2012 in his second State of the State address to be delivered next week.
Republican lawmakers are expected to roll out a measure soon that would outlaw mandatory union membership as a condition of employment. A spokesman for House Speaker Jase Bolger said an honest dialogue and debate does not have to be divisive.
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CC-MAIN-2013-20
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http://michiganradio.org/post/snyder-right-work-wrong-issue-michigan-now
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Prosthetic management of children with unilateral congenital below-elbow deficiency.
ABSTRACT There is substantial controversy concerning the prosthetic management of children with unilateral congenital below-elbow deficiency. The optimal age at the time of the initial fitting, the value of intensive prosthetic training, and the preferred prosthetic design for these children have not been established.
The outcomes of prosthetic management for 260 children with unilateral congenital below-elbow deficiency, treated between 1954 and 2004, were analyzed with respect to ongoing clinic attendance and self-reported prosthetic use. A successful prosthetic outcome was defined as a child and parents who continued to attend the limb-deficiency clinic and claimed at the time of the most recent follow-up that the prosthesis had been worn for any period of time. An unsuccessful prosthetic outcome was defined as a child and parents who were lost to follow-up or who claimed at the time of the most recent follow-up that the child never wore the prosthesis. Survival analysis was performed.
An unsuccessful prosthetic outcome was noted for 127 children (49%). Initial fitting prior to the age of three years was associated with improved prosthetic outcome (p < 0.001). With the numbers studied, there was no additional benefit noted for fitting before one year of age (p = 0.60). Improved prosthetic outcomes were noted in children who had received intensive training at the time of fitting with an active terminal device (p = 0.005). Provision of a variety of prosthetic designs over the growing years was also associated with improved prosthetic outcome (p < 0.001).
This study supports the initial prosthetic fitting for a child with unilateral congenital below-elbow deficiency prior to the age of three years, the provision of intensive training under the direction of an occupational therapist when an active terminal device is applied, and utilization of a variety of prosthetic designs over the child's years of growth. Further analysis of outcomes for the prosthetic management of these children will require more precise definitions of outcome in multiple domains and the development and validation of specific outcome instruments.
Article: Age at first prosthetic fitting and later functional outcome in children and young adults with unilateral congenital below-elbow deficiency: a cross-sectional study.[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether prosthetic fitting before the age of one year is associated with better outcomes in children with unilateral congenital below-elbow deficiency compared to children fitted after the age of one. Twenty subjects aged 6-21 years were recruited (five prosthetic users and 15 non-users). The Child Amputee Prosthetics Project-Prosthesis Satisfactory Inventory (CAPP-PSI) and the Prosthetic Upper Extremity Functional Index (PUFI) were used to assess patient satisfaction and functional use of the prosthesis. Videotapes were used to assess motor performance. Initial prosthetic fitting before one year of age was related to use of a prosthesis for at least four years. Age at first fitting was not associated with satisfaction with the prosthesis, functional use of the prosthesis or motor skills. Discrepancies between ease of performance with prosthesis and usefulness of the prosthesis as well as between capacity and performance of activities were found. The video assessments showed impaired movement adaptation to some tasks in six subjects. In conclusion, early prosthetic fitting seems to have a limited impact on prosthesis use during later stages of life.Prosthetics & Orthotics International 03/2010; 34(2):166-74. · 0.56 Impact Factor
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HMS Serapis was a British frigate launched by the Royal Navy in 1779. The vessel was named after the god Serapis in Greek and Egyptian mythology. The vessel was captured by Americans during the American Revolutionary War.
American Revolutionary War battle
HMS Serapis was designed as a 5th Rate vessel armed with 44 guns (20 18-pounders, 20 9-pounders, and 4 6-pounders). On 23 September 1779, commanded by Captain Richard Pearson, she engaged the American warship USS Bonhomme Richard under the command of John Paul Jones in the North Sea at the Battle of Flamborough Head, England. At the time of this battle, the ship carried 50 guns, having an extra 6 6-pounders. The two vessels exchanged heavy fire and Bonhomme Richard lost most of her fire power, but by attaching the two ships together, Jones was able to overcome much of Pearson's advantage. The famous quote, "I have not yet begun to fight!" was Jones's response to Pearson's premature (and probably not serious) call for Bonhomme Richard to surrender. The battle raged on for three hours as the crew of Bonhomme Richard tenaciously fought Serapis, raking her deck with gunfire. Eventually, Alliance, a frigate in Jones's squadron, began firing at both the attached ships indiscriminately. Bonhomme Richard began to sink, but Captain Pearson, unable to aim his guns at the frigate because he was tied to Jones's ship, surrendered, handing Serapis over to the Americans.
Jones sailed to the neutral United Provinces (the Netherlands), but diplomatic complications arose because the Dutch authorities did not recognize the United States. An improvised Serapis flag was secretly entered into the Dutch records to avoid the charges of piracy. Serapis and her consort Countess of Scarborough were later declared as French captures.
Although the two British vessels had lost the battle, they had succeeded perfectly in protecting the very valuable convoy, and both captains were well rewarded.
Fate of the Serapis
The French commissioned the Serapis to a privateer named Roche who planned to use the ship along with the British in the Indian Ocean. However, in July 1781 the ship was lost off the coast of Madagascar when a sailor accidentally dropped a lantern into a tub of brandy. The crew fought the fire for two and one half hours, but the flames eventually burned through the spirit locker walls and reached a powder magazine. The resulting explosion blew the stern off the ship and the vessel sank.
The remains of the Serapis were located in November 1999 by American nautical archeologists Richard Sweet and Michael Tuttle.
Izak J H Hough
Member of The Nautical Research Guild
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Breast Cancer in Men (Male Breast Cancer)
What is male breast cancer?
What causes male breast cancer?
Although the exact cause of breast cancer is not known, most experts agree that some men have a greater risk for breast cancer than others. In the United States, male breast cancer mostly affects men age 65 and older.1
The things that most increase a man's risk of breast cancer include:1
Other things that increase a man's risk include:
What are the symptoms?
The most common symptom of male breast cancer is a painless lump or swelling behind the nipple. Other symptoms can include a discharge from the nipple or a lump or thickening in the armpit. Although most men diagnosed with breast cancer are older than 65, breast cancer can appear in younger men. For this reason, any breast lump in an adult male is considered abnormal and should be checked out by a doctor.
How is male breast cancer diagnosed?
Most male breast cancer is diagnosed with a biopsy to investigate a lump or thickening in the breast or armpit. Because there is no routine screening for breast cancer and a breast lump does not usually cause pain, sometimes breast cancer isn't discovered until it has spread to another area of the body and is causing other symptoms.
How is it treated?
The main treatment for male breast cancer is surgery (total mastectomy) to remove the breast and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Because most men do not have very much breast tissue, breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy) is not used.
There hasn't been much research on breast cancer treatments in men, because male breast cancer is so uncommon. But breast cancer in men is similar to breast cancer in women, and some of the same treatments may be used. These include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy.
Chemotherapy may be used after surgery to reduce the chance that breast cancer will come back somewhere else in the body. If the breast cancer is sensitive to certain hormones (meaning that the cells have estrogen/progesterone receptors), male breast cancer may be treated with a hormone-blocking agent called tamoxifen. Male breast cancer usually responds very well to chemotherapy or hormone therapy.
For more information about specific breast cancer treatments, see the topics:
What to think about
Male breast cancer is rare and makes up only about 1% of all breast cancers discovered each year. For this reason, many experts encourage men with breast cancer to talk to their doctors about clinical trials. These trials continue to look for better ways to treat male breast cancer.
eMedicineHealth Medical Reference from Healthwise
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2012 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.
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A Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Award for Qatar
According to Qatar Today Green Awards, Qatar is ranked 4th among the world's top 10 offenders of ecology, preceded by UAE, USA and Kuwait. This conclusion is based on the calculation of the country's Ecological Footprint, which measures how much land and water area a human population requires to produce the resources it consumes and to absorb the waste it disposes under prevailing technology. [United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) 2008]
For instance, 300 million gallons of water is consumed in Qatar everyday, far above the average that is available. Following rapid socioeconomic development and massive population increase, Qatar has serious water resource problems. Municipal water provision depends on costly and unsustainable desalination. Furthermore, native Qataris do not pay a water tariff and migrants pay a subsidized price-approximately one third of the cost of production. As a result, there is little awareness of the true cost of water and its use is profligate. The actual situation can be summarized as high energy consumption in the process of desalination to make water drinkable, and a large misuse and waste of water among households and industries due to a price that does not reflect the value of the resource.
In the field of waste production per capita, Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries rank in the top ten worldwide. It is estimated that approximately 120 million tonnes of waste is currently produced in the GCC countries, with 1.3 kg/capita/day as an average for Qatar, compared for instance to 0.95 kg/capita/day for Germany.
Concerning the social dimension, there is a big improvement range in relation with workers comfort, safety and rights having in mind that 75% of the work force is constituted of expatriates.
Qatar CSR Award
The facts exposed above confirm that if not managed in an ethical sustainable way, economic activities would lead to environmental degradation and contribute to serious social issues in Qatar. In this respect, promote Corporate Social Responsibility would be a comprehensive and integrative mean to tackle those issues and improve social and environmental situation in the country. That's why sba
and its partners propose to create a CSR Award for Qatar.
The objectives of the Qatar CSR Award are to:
- Promote the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility as a holistic approach for development in Qatar
- Enhance the awareness for CSR and sustainable development within the Qatari business community and society
- Foster corporate transparency and reporting on best practices and achievement
- Encourage a healthy competition among enterprises towards continuous improvement of social and environmental performance
- Show the link between sustainable business behaviour and economical success
Diploma of advanced studies en stratégie environnementale et enjeux économiques
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STOCKTON - Elbert Holman Sr. would be proud of the son who carries his name as well as the city that Stockton has become.
Holman Sr. and his wife, Sally, moved from Texas in 1946, rented in Sierra Vista, bought their first home on the city's south side and raised nine children.
"I remember a time when I was told not to go north of Harding Way," Elbert Holman Jr., a Stockton city councilman, told the 80 people gathered Monday morning to celebrate Martin Luther King Jr. Day. "I was reminded to go back south of Main Street."
Both of his parents have died, but not the lessons they taught their children.
"He taught all of us to be the best you can be at whatever we do," the 63-year-old Holman said. "If you're just a street sweeper, do it like Michelangelo."
Holman, retired after 34 years in law enforcement, was appointed to the council in 2009 and then elected in November 2010. He was born in Stockton, graduated from Edison High School and has lived his whole life in the city.
His father worked 20 years for the city of Stockton and was a night watchman who kept an eye on City Hall. "Now I sit at the dais of that building," Holman said, pointing across Fremont Street from Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Plaza. "And I'm a policymaker. It's all because of Dr. King. I can thank him for that."
Holman also exhorted those assembled to "never stop talking about the things that matter - going to school, your fellow man, what you can do to make Stockton a better place."
He later reflected on the racism that once dominated the community.
"In the late 1970s, my wife and I were looking to buy a home," Holman said. "The Realtor refused to show us anything north of Harding Way. It was red-lining. We fired her and bought off Lincoln Road.
"There was a subtle form of racism back then that held people down. Things are better now, but we still have a long way to go."
He credited his mother and father for the "ethics and mentoring" to aspire to more.
The irony is not lost on Holman that he now represents District 1, the city's northernmost council district. It is a place where Holman would have been unwelcome 40 years ago.
Contact reporter Kevin Parrish at (209) 546-8264 or email@example.com.
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Mice appear to have a hotline between their nose and brain that gives them the instinct to flee.
Most of the odors that a mouse encounters in life—the smell of cheddar, for example—become relevant only with experience and learning. But when it comes to the scent of a predator, a mouse has very little room for mistakes.
There may be many chances to consider cheese, but only one to recognize a threat, say researchers at Brown University.
Full story at Futurity.
More research news from top universities.
Photo credit: Fotolia
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Personal Hygiene in America
Ever wonder what life was like before running water and today's endless assortment of toiletries? The plumbing and products we take for granted were nonexistent in colonial days, and this absence was glaringly apparent to visitors. Early travelers to this country noted the overall unclean condition of Americans--as one English tourist remarked, "filthy, bordering on the beastly." After several centuries, much progress has been made and personal hygiene for Americans has reached an art form.
Colonists viewed bathing as more curative in nature than hygienic and therefore bathed infrequently in rivers and streams and occasionally in public baths and outdoor bathhouses. With the advent of the 19th century, Americans slowly began to bathe more. New furniture forms and accessories, such as tin tubs, washstands, and wash basins, were designed for use in one's home. These were located anywhere throughout the home, but were primarily found in kitchens and bedrooms.
Soap was mainly used for laundry and was often made at home, as evidenced by numerous homemade recipes. By the mid 19th century, Americans started using soap to clean their skin, and manufacturers quickly met the dual demand by producing a variety of toilet and laundry soaps. It logically followed that as Americans washed their bodies more often, they also became concerned with washing their clothes.
Every part of the body was eventually scrutinized, not just the skin. Early on, poor dental hygiene caused a number of ear, nose, and throat complaints. To remedy these maladies, Americans concocted recipes for homemade tooth powder and sometimes used twigs and table salt to brush their teeth before toothpaste and toothbrushes were sold. As new dental products were introduced, so were new hair care products and styles. At the end of the 19th century, American men came to view their bushy beards and mutton chops as just another place to harbor germs. A new business look of less facial hair for men became the fashion.
The importance of etiquette books in spreading advice on cleanliness to Americans cannot be overlooked. Washing was once considered a privilege of the upper class. However, as these books became more accessible, the growing middle class used them as a blueprint in their quest for gentility and upper-class status. The gospel of hygiene then trickled down to the lower classes and immigrants in the late 1800s, when reformers taught them the rudiments of cleanliness in order to improve their health and assimilate them into the American way of life.
Beginning in the middle of the 19th century, large cities across America undertook public works projects to build municipal water and sewer lines. These improvements in plumbing and sanitation necessitated that fixtures be attached to a maze of pipes. A separate room was now required to house these fixtures, making portable containers and accessories obsolete. As bathrooms were gradually added to homes, new innovations and inventions also offered a wide range of options, including pumping one's own shower.
Styles in bathroom décor also changed over time. At first, fixtures were fashioned in wood with elaborate marquetry to imitate furniture. Toward the end of the century, with the emphasis on hygiene reaching new heights and scientists preaching germ theory, the bathroom closely resembled a laboratory with white, washable porcelain surfaces. Color was later added to bathrooms as they became more commonplace to personalize and soften the earlier scientific feel. The ritual of personal hygiene was now entrenched in the routine of American life.
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How to Make Tea
This section has been created to explain how to make tea! All types of tea actually require slightly different brewing techniques.
If you have ever been served or prepared a cup of tea that didn't taste so good, you know that there are certain things that can affect making tea.
How to Brew Tea with a Tea Bag
The major mistake that people make when making tea with a tea bag is the temperature of the water and squeezing out the tea bag.
Squeezing the tea bag will create a bitter tasting tea. Tea is meant to steep. Do not stir or touch the tea bag once it is in the cup or tea pot.
The water quality is also important, and make sure you bring the water to a boil if you are making black tea. Green Tea and White Tea are best made with water that does not quite reach a boil
If you use a tea cup, one tea bag per cup is adequate, if using a tea pot, typically two tea bags will do to make the perfect cup of tea.
How to Make Herbal Tea
Making herbal tea is a little different than making tea with a tea bag. Visit our Herbal Tea Guide for specific herbal tea instructions on making 100's of herbal teas. We also have put together How To Make Herbal Tea section for general herbal tea brewing instructions.
How to Make Loose Tea
Making loose tea is very different than making tea with a tea bag. Loose tea is leaf tea as opposed to tea dust and it is much more potent. You will need an infuser or empty tea bags. You can purchase both these items from your local tea merchant or online.
To brew a pot of tea with loose tea requires a teaspoon of tea or less. Typically your tea will be ready after steeping for 2-3 minutes. You can then re-use the tea leaves and brew a second and third pot, steeping each pot for 2 minutes longer than the previous.
While loose tea can be more expensive than tea bags, you can get much more tea for your money, making loose tea actually less expensive than tea bags in the long run. It also is much better for you!
How to Make Green Tea
Our How to Make Green Tea section is a great resource for brewing the perfect cup of green tea.
I hope you found this information on how to make tea useful, and the quality of your tea improves with these tricks.
Return from How to Make Tea to the Tea Homepage
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It is estimated that America loses 3 million acres of open space every year. That’s 3 million acres of forests, streams, grasslands, coast lines and other critical wildlife habitats disappearing annually.
In 2005, Walmart
recognized we had a big opportunity to help conserve land and critical wildlife habitats for future generations. The company, in partnership with the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF
), created Acres for America
, a commitment to donate $35 million over 10 years to permanently conserve one acre of land for every acre we had developed and would develop during the next 10 years.
The original goal was to conserve 138,000 acres. Today, through the Acres program, we have helped protect 630,000 acres and connect more than 6.7 million acres of protected land – an area larger than Connecticut, Rhode Island and Delaware combined. Walmart is thrilled to be part of this program.
Jennifer J. May-Brust
Beginning in 2012, Acres for America will provide grants to help conserve urban ecosystems. Initially, five projects in Los Angeles
, Chicago, New York
and Washington, D.C.
, will receive $100,000 each to help reestablish important wildlife habitats. We are equally excited to participate in this expansion of the program.
The urban projects include the cleanup of a polluted stream in Washington, D.C., restoration of historic marshland in Chicago and New York, fight non-native grasses in an ecological reserve in Los Angeles and restore the shoreline along The New York Botanical Garden Lower Portage Trail.
These five projects reinforce the mission of Acres for America to find and protect wildlife habitat – no matter where it is. These projects exemplify NFWF’s strategic approach to conservation. Another example is the Upper Mississippi Forest Conservation Easement project in Minnesota. A grant is helping preserve 60,000 acres of forest, including wetlands, streams and lakeshore habitat, but is also providing people access to the land for hiking, fishing and berry picking, and supporting a sustainable forestry operation that more than 3,000 families depend on.
Acres for America is about more than just safeguarding large tracts of land. NFWF also looks for ways to connect those tracts, helping preserve animal migration routes. My favorite example is “The Path of the Pronghorn” in Wyoming (the second longest mammal migration route still functioning in the Western Hemisphere). The grant from the Acres program ensures the antelope have safe access to the migration routes they’ve been using for generations, which also happen to cross a heavily traveled highway. The “fixes” put in place through Acres funding protect both the pronghorn and the people who travel this highway. Another benefit – this land is home to 75 animal species deemed in need of protection in Wyoming. Clearly, a win-win-win.
The Acres for America program has far exceeded everyone’s expectations for what could be accomplished – but we aren’t done yet. We know we can help preserve thousands more acres in rural, suburban and urban areas of this country. We also invite other companies to get involved with NFWF and the Acres for America program to help conserve and protect these important lands for future generations to enjoy.
Editor: Photo (click to expand) is of Shasta Big Springs Ranch in California, an Acres for America Project (all photos courtesy of Walmart.)
Jamison Ranch in California's Sierra Valley, an Acres for America project
Saddle Mountain Arizona, another Walmart-Acres for America venture
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An anthology of dystopian YA short stories with a focus on diversity, ie, most of the protagonists are not white.
As a whole, this anthology is not much like most current YA dystopian novels, which are generally about naïve privileged white girls slowly coming to realize that their “the government controls everything” society actually sucks, while navigating a love triangle. The characters in this anthology are often aware from the get-go that everything sucks, and the central problem is generally not an over-controlling government, but a devastated environment, poverty, and the haves grinding the have-nots beneath their feet.
The result is more realistic and less paper-thin, but also quite depressing. Few of these teenagers are trying to save their world, but only to scratch out a few more days for themselves and their loved ones in a world which is clearly already doomed. With two possible exceptions, no one makes any difference at all to anyone beyond themselves or a handful of people in their immediate surroundings. (I say “possible” because there are two stories in which characters make an effort, but the story ends before we learn whether or not they succeed in terms of the larger picture.)
Sure, it wouldn’t be realistic for teenagers to save the world singlehandedly… but I don’t read science fiction for realism. Also, in real life people do make large changes collectively. A few more stories in which the protagonist is part of a larger effort to save or even improve the world would have been nice. (There is one story in which that's the case, Tempest Bradford's.)
I did really like some of the stories. But I would recommend reading a story or two here and there, as you feel like it. If you read the entire anthology from start to finish, the grimdark is overwhelming.
“The Last Day” by Ellen Oh. An alternate history of WWII set in Japan comes out… extremely similar to real history, so far as the main characters are concerned. Maybe the point was that the more things change, the more they stay the same. Otherwise, it’s a straightforward “war is bad and children suffer horribly” story, all the way down to its awesomely depressing conclusion. If you’re disturbed by graphic atom bomb scenes (I am) this might be one to skip. I would not have selected this as the story to open the anthology – it’s the darkest in the whole batch, and that's saying a lot.
“Freshee’s Frogurt” by Daniel H. Wilson. Oral history of robots run amuck, much along the lines of World War Z.
A robot attacks two employees in a frozen yogurt shop, and there’s a bloody battle. That’s it. This was an excerpt from the novel Robopocalypse
, which may explain how slight and unfinished it felt, but on the other hand it didn’t leave me wanting more. On the positive side, it’s only depressing in the sense that its space could have been given to a better story. In fact, it’s probably supposed to be funny in a hipster-ironic mode. (I did not find it funny.)
“Uncertainty Principle” by K. Tempest Bradford. A young girl notices reality shifting around her, but nobody else does. Over the years, the President changes, wars break out and are erased from time, and her best friend vanishes as if she had never existed. This extremely intense and existentially horrifying set-up turns into a more standard action-based science fiction story about halfway through. The whole thing is well-written but I liked the first half much more. It probably needed to be longer to give the second half the same emotional weight as the first. This one is more bittersweet than depressing.
“Pattern Recognition” by Ken Liu. Kids in an orphanage are told that they’ve been rescued from a hellish world outside, and are made to play video games all day. Very good prose; plausible but predictable story. There’s a really jarring, confusing transition right before the climax, possibly exacerbated by the poor formatting of the version I read (an e-book via Netgalley.) Moderately depressing.
“Gods of Dimming Light” by Greg van Eekhout. Alone among the stories, this is fantasy, not science fiction, and so reads more oddly than it probably would have in a more fantasy-geared anthology. In a doomed and dying world, a boy of Indonesian descent finds a connection to the other side of his heritage – his descent from Odin! The ancient Norse theme of the brave fight against inevitable doom meshes powerfully with the modern apocalyptic setting.
This was one of my favorites, mostly because of the ending. ( Read more... )
I didn't find this one depressing, but that was purely because the tone was heroic/tragic. Everyone's still doomed.
“Next Door” by Rahul Kanakia. The haves have gotten so plugged in to VR that they barely notice squatters living in their houses. A boy and his boyfriend search for a squat that isn’t bedbug-infested, and tangle with a family of haves that aren’t as out of touch as most. This story made me itch. Literally. It’s a black comedy and quite clever. And yes. Everyone is probably doomed. Including, quite possibly, ( Read more... )
“Good Girl” by Malinda Lo. Alone in the collection, this was an X has been banned and the government controls X
story. (Interracial procreation is banned and the government controls marriage.) Ironically, it was my favorite of the original stories in the collection – sexy, well-written, well-paced, believable, and even with a somewhat hopeful ending. A biracial girl who can pass meets another biracial girl who’s living underground – literally and metaphorically. Lo is fantastic at depicting sexual attraction in a hot but non-cheesy way. The characterization is good, too. Great last line. I would read a whole book of this.
“A Pocket Full of Dharma” by Paolo Bacigalupi. A scarred, disabled, half-starved plague survivor leaves his village to become a beggar in a future Chinese city in the hope that things will be better there. Spoiler: they aren’t. Lots of colorful details of the setting, but I have a low gross-out threshold for descriptions of bodily fluids, and I ended up unable to finish this one.
“Blue Skies” by Cindy Pon. A have-not boy kidnaps a have girl in an environmentally devastated future Taiwan, in the hope of getting her wealthy family to pay a ransom. Very well-observed details, and a poignant relationship given just enough room to breathe. In another world, those two might have been lovers or friends… but this is not that world. The tone is more wistful than depressing, but the world as a whole is probably doomed.
“What Arms to Hold” by Rajan Khanna. Indian children are slave labor in a mine… and the details are even more grim than one would expect from that thumbnail description. Well-written and with a surprisingly hopeful ending, but most of the story is excruciatingly depressing. Appropriately so, given the subject matter. But still.
“Solitude” by Ursula K. Le Guin. A reprint from The Birthday of the World.
A fantastic, non-grim story – there’s even some funny lines – about a future anthropologist who goes to a planet with her two young children to study the ways of a culture that seems to have no community. The mother and older son learn a lot about the culture; the young daughter becomes part of it. Can a culture really be based on solitude? A fascinating, moving, beautifully written, well-characterized work of anthropological science fiction.
I was puzzled at first as to why it was in this collection, as I would have never thought of that culture as a dystopia. Then I realized that while the daughter sees it as her home, and sees all the positive aspects (as well as the negative ones – she’s only naïve when she’s very young), the mother sees it as a dystopia. The idea that the same place can be utopia for one person and a dystopia for another is unique to this story, in this collection: it’s the only one set in a world that isn’t objectively, unequivocally horrible. No wonder it’s the only story that, while it has some sad and dark moments, isn’t depressing at all. No one is doomed! It was such a relief!
There are some excellent stories in the anthology, and not every single one is depressing. But the cumulative effect is awfully grim. This is purely my personal preference, and I do realize that dystopian sf is not a cheery genre, but I would love to see a diversity-focused YA anthology that’s a bit more fun. Diverse Energies
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Chapter I.—He Regarded Not God Indeed Under the Form of a Human Body, But as a Corporeal Substance Diffused Through Space.
1. Dead now was that evil and abominable youth of mine, and I was passing into early manhood: as I increased in years, the fouler became I in vanity, who could not conceive of any substance but such as I saw with my own eyes. I thought not of Thee, O God, under the form of a human body. Since the time I began to hear something of wisdom, I always avoided this; and I rejoiced to have found the same in the faith of our spiritual mother, Thy Catholic Church. But what else to imagine Thee I knew not. And I, a man, and such a man, sought to conceive of Thee, the sovereign and only true God; and I did in my inmost heart believe that Thou wert incorruptible, and inviolable, and unchangeable; because, not knowing whence or how, yet most plainly did I see and feel sure that that which may be corrupted must be worse than that which cannot, and what cannot be violated did I without hesitation prefer before that which can, and deemed that which suffers no change to be better than that which is changeable. Violently did my heart cry out against all my phantasms, and with this one blow I endeavoured to beat away from the eye of my mind all that unclean crowd which fluttered around it. 482 And lo, being scarce put off, they, in the twinkling of an eye, pressed in multitudes around me, dashed against my face, and beclouded it; so that, though I thought not of Thee under the form of a human body, yet was I constrained to image Thee to be something corporeal in space, either infused into the world, or infinitely diffused beyond it,—even that incorruptible, inviolable, and unchangeable, which I preferred to the corruptible, and violable, and changeable; since whatsoever I conceived, deprived of this space, appeared as nothing to me, yea, altogether nothing, not even a void, as if a body were removed from its place and the place should remain empty of any body at all, whether earthy, terrestrial, watery, aerial, or celestial, but should remain a void place—a spacious nothing, as it were.
2. I therefore being thus gross-hearted, nor clear even to myself, whatsoever was not stretched over certain spaces, nor diffused, nor crowded together, nor swelled out, or which did not or could not receive some of these dimensions, I judged to be altogether nothing. 483 For over such forms as my eyes are wont to range did my heart then range; nor did I see that this same observation, by which I formed those same images, was not of this kind, and yet it could not have formed them had not itself been something great. In like manner did I conceive of Thee, Life of my life, as vast through infinite spaces, on every side penetrating the whole mass of the world, and beyond it, all ways, through immeasurable and boundless spaces; so that the earth should have Thee, the heaven have Thee, all things have Thee, and they bounded in Thee, but Thou nowhere. For as the body of this air which is above the earth preventeth not the light of the sun from passing through it, penetrating it, not by bursting or by cutting, but by filling it entirely, so I imagined the body, not of heaven, air, and sea only, but of the earth also, to be pervious p. 103 to Thee, and in all its greatest parts as well as smallest penetrable to receive Thy presence, by a secret inspiration, both inwardly and outwardly governing all things which Thou hast created. So I conjectured, because I was unable to think of anything else; for it was untrue. For in this way would a greater part of the earth contain a greater portion of Thee, and the less a lesser; and all things should so be full of Thee, as that the body of an elephant should contain more of Thee than that of a sparrow by how much larger it is, and occupies more room; and so shouldest Thou make the portions of Thyself present unto the several portions of the world, in pieces, great to the great, little to the little. But Thou art not such a one; nor hadst Thou as yet enlightened my darkness.
See iii. sec. 12, iv. secs. 3 and 12, and v. sec. 19, above.102:483
“For with what understanding can man apprehend God, who does not yet apprehend that very understanding itself of his own by which he desires to apprehend Him? And if he does already apprehend this, let him carefully consider that there is nothing in his own nature better than it: and let him see whether he can there see any outlines of forms, or brightness of colours, or greatness of space, or distance of parts, or extension of size, or any movements through intervals of place, or any such thing at all. Certainly we find nothing of all this in that, than which we find nothing better in our own nature, that is, in our own intellect, by which we apprehend wisdom according to our capacity. What, therefore, we do not find in that, which is our own best, we ought not to seek in Him, who is far better than that best of ours; that so we may understand God, if we are able, and as much as we are able, as good without quality, great without quantity, a Creator though He lack nothing, ruling but from no position, sustaining all things without having them, in His wholeness everywhere yet without place, eternal without time, making things that are changeable without change of Himself, and without passion. Whoso thus thinks of God, although he cannot yet find out in all ways what He is, yet piously takes heed, as much as he is able, to think nothing of Him that He is not.”—De Trin. v. 2.
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House Bill 174 Passes Texas Legislature
On April 25, 2013, the Texas Legislature passed House Bill 174 which establishes an American Indian Heritage Day on the last Friday of September.
UT Arlington alumna and honorary NASA member Peggy Larney shepherded this bill from its infancy. Much of this bill was written on the UT Arlington campus.
The full story can be read here.
19th annual Pow wow scheduled for February 22, 2014
Plans are being discussed now. If you would like to contribute, please contact an Officer or Advisor listed on the People page.
The UTA Native American Student Association 2014-15 Scholarship
This $1,200 scholarship ($600/Fall, 2013; $600/Spring, 2014) will be awarded to a student attending UTA at least half-time. The student must have demonstrated a commitment to a Native American community and indicate how he or she will participate in the UTA Native American community. Applicants must have a cumulative GPA of at least 2.5. A cumulative GPA of 2.5 is required to continue the scholarship in the Spring semester, as well as continued commitment to UTA Native American community.
For eligibility requirements and to obtain the application (available in March), visit the Scholarship page.
NASA Advisor and Linguistics Professor Colleen Fitzgerald is waking up Native American languages
If you are interested in language revitalization efforts, read more about Dr. Fitzgerald's work.
The Shorthorn, the student newspaper of UT Arlington, has posted a SoundSlide show of the 14th annual Pow-wow on TheShorthorn.com. Adobe Flash is required to watch the show.
The Shorthorn, the student newspaper of UT Arlington, had an article about the This Is Not A Costume event on November 14, 2007. You can view the article along with a video clip here. The video clip is also available on YouTube.Com
NASA was one of only eight American Indian student organizations featured in AISES
Winds of Change magazine, 12th Annual College Guide for American Indians. The article closed on a very positive note: "at UT, Native students know they are supported and encouraged every step of the way in their journey through higher education". The praise, recognition and support of AISES is much appreciated.
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The end of the school year marks the beginning of summer, and for some children the start of their time with braces. Careful preparation and care before, during and after any orthodontic treatment guarantees that smiles will stay straight for a lifetime.
Before Getting Braces
North York orthodontist Dr. Arun Rajasekaran says parents should consult an orthodontist before choosing the ideal treatment plan for each patient is crucial in getting the perfect smile. Some patients might be suitable candidates for Invisalign teen, or ceramic braces in place of traditional metal braces.
Before braces are installed, parents should note that their child might need spacers inserted between teeth, or have teeth extracted for optimal results.
The day of braces installation, an orthodontist will first glue a bracket on each tooth and thread the wire through the bracket. These wires will tighten and pull the teeth into place.
Children are advised to stick to soft foods for the first few days after getting braces, as the mouth will be sore and teeth will be sensitive. It is also recommended to use dental wax on any wires or brackets that might cause sores or lacerations until patients get used to having braces.
Life With Braces
Braces increase the probability of tooth decay, so children should carry around a "braces survival kit." This kit should contain a toothbrush, toothpaste, extra rubber bands and toothpicks to keep up dental hygiene while out and about, as Markham orthodontic treatment provider says.
Life After Braces
After several months and an orthodontist's approval, patients are ready to reveal their new smile. Braces are removed by using simple physics- orthodontists apply force between the tooth and the bracket and the braces pop off. Most patients agree, the loud popping noise sounds a lot more painful than it actually is. Patients are advised to wear a retainer to ensure their smiles never go crooked again.
Braces do require a little more effort, but once children spend the summer getting accustomed to their new dental hygiene routine, their new smile will be worth the hard work, as the Markham teeth braces provider belives.
If you seek an orthodontist or other information, call (905) 948-8556 or visit www.libertyortho.ca.
About Liberty Orthodontic Centre
Dr. Arun Rajasekaran earned his dental degree from Columbia University in 2003. He went on to complete his orthodontic specialty and earn a master's degree at the University of Detroit Mercy in 2006.
© 2012 Master Google and Liberty Orthodontics Centre. Authorization to post is granted, with the stipulation that Master Google, an SEO specialist company, is credited as the sole source. Linking to other sites from this press release is strictly prohibited, with the exception of herein imbedded links.
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Can problems like poverty and climate change by fixed through games? Visionary game designer Jane McGonigal thinks they can. With more than 174 million gamers in the United States, McGonigal explores how we can save the world through the power of gaming. McGonigal is helping pioneer the fasting-growing genre of games that turns gameplay to achieve socially positive outcomes.
This program was recorded in collaboration with the Commonwealth Club of California, on January 24, 2011.
Jane McGonigal is the director of games research and development at the Institute for the Future in Palo Alto, California. She has created and deployed games and missions in more than 30 countries on six continents. She specializes in games that help gamers enjoy their real lives more — and games that challenge players to tackle real-world problems, through planetary-scale collaboration.
McGonigal is the author of the newly released book, Reality Is Broken: Why Games Make Us Better and How They Can Change the World.
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Once the word spread, the line began to form. It stretched across the land, from sea to shining sea — a line leading to the Court of Racial Immunity.
The judge walked in and took her seat, as all the nonblack men smiled and whispered, "sweet."
"Judge Rachel M. Moonity presiding."
She looked out at the long line. "All right, who's up?"
"I am, your honor. I shot five black men in Tulsa last week. I shot nothing but black men. Killed three of 'em. I used the word 'nigger' on my Facebook site. A black killed my dad two years ago. I know you thinking it's gotta be race. It's gotta be a hate crime."
"Well," said the judge.
"Well, it ain't and I'm seeking racial immunity on account of I got me a black friend that's like a brother to me and I told him I loved him just before I killed them other nig —, uh, black men. And I'm not a racist."
"Say no more," said the judge. "You've got a black friend — one who can vouch for you. Well, this obviously can't be a hate crime. Racial immunity is granted. Next!"
"I shot Trayvon Martin in Florida after following him because he looked suspicious. And when he got in my face 'cause I confronted him, I feared for my life, so I stood my ground. "
"But didn't he have a right to stand his ground?" asked the lawyer for the state, who happened to be black. "I mean, a white man following a black can be scary."
"Not so, your honor. And besides, I'm not white, I'm part Hispanic. And even though most Hispanics, according to the census report, identify ourselves as white, well, when it comes to things like this where it's advantageous to be Hispanic, well, I'm Hispanic. And I have black friends and taught black kids and — "
"Say no more," said the judge. "Even though you look as white as I, your being Hispanic means you could not have possibly shot him because he was black. Hispanics can't be racist against blacks. Your petition for racial immunity is granted. Enjoy your Skittles. Next!"
"I'm a police officer from White Plains, N.Y. I killed an elderly black man last November. He was a former Marine whose medical alert button went off. Yeah, we busted his door down. Yeah, he told us we weren't needed. Yeah, I said a racial epithet and mocked his service to his country before shooting him twice. But I seek racial immunity. I once had lunch with a black at the academy. "
"Us, your honor. We the ghosts of slaveholders from the Confederacy. We beat and kilt black men but we seek racial immunity on account of we fathered children with our slaves. Cain't sleep with em and still be racist — no matter how many we done beat and kilt."
And so it went from morning to afternoon, a litany of killings and reasons for racial immunity: "I played football with blacks." " I buy Uncle Ben's rice." I stick with Aunt Jemima syrup." "I rode an elevator with a black man." "I live in a country with a black president and stayed."
It was the last one that did it. It led to a class action suit to provide racial immunity to all nonblacks for past and future klllings of blacks.
"Me, your honor. I will be beating to death a black man in Illinois. I'm Asian."
"I will be shooting a black man tomorrow in Maine. I listen to rap and hip-hop."
"I will be kill dragging a black man in Texas just because I heard about this racial immunity thing and figured, 'Hell, why not?' I served in the army with blacks."
"Granted! Granted! Granted!" said the judge. "This entire nation of nonblacks is hereby granted racial immunity for any crimes of race hate in America. Such racial immunity means racism is no longer real or possible. Race is no issue. No matter. We have reached a racial utopia in America!"
Judge Rachel M. Moonity struck her gavel and — Hallaleujah! — everybody believed.
Well, almost everybody.
Frank Harris III is chairman of the journalism department at Southern Connecticut State University in New Haven. He can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.org.
Post Your Comment Below
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May 3, 2008
Obama's Stealth Pro-Abortion StanceBy Ned Barnett
"The dog that didn't bark" is the central clue in the Sherlock Holmes story, "Silver Blaze." This oddly quiet watchdog's silence told Holmes that the horse-theft was an inside job - pulled off by the horse's trainer. The canine guardian who was supposed to sound an alarm - but who instead didn't make a noise - was the final clue that fingered the guilty culprit.
Today's "dog that didn't bark" is none other than the political media. For more than a month now, the media has effectively covered up a potentially damning statement made by Senator Barack Obama. No trivial matter, his single sentence, if widely known, could be the "deal killer" that destroys Obama's quest for the American Presidency. It was March 28th when he answered a Pennsylvania voter's question at a campaign whistle-stop, yet four weeks later, this potentially explosive "stealth position" remains less widely known than Senator Obama's taste for waffles.
The issue is abortion which - along with Social Security - has long been a deadly "third rail" in American politics. In spite of 35 years under Roe v. Wade, Americans remain deeply conflicted over the abortion issue - their opinions are nuanced and variable, often depending on case-by-case circumstances. Politically, any position favoring on-demand abortion has been potentially deadly. Then, in the early 1990s, President Clinton popularized a low-risk pro-abortion position - abortions should be "safe, legal ... and rare." This artful sophistry, with the emphasis on "rare," seemed acceptable to the majority of Americans.
However, going beyond "rare" to justify "convenience" abortions remains politically unacceptable. For example, the "Roe at 30" ABC/Washington Post study found "57 percent (of Americans) oppose abortion solely to end an unwanted pregnancy - ‘if the mother is unmarried and does not want the baby."
Other recent studies find more than 65 percent of Americans oppose convenience abortions.
Americans clearly do not favor abortion on demand. Since Clinton first articulated "safe, legal ... and rare," no prominent pro-abortion politician has dared go further, and none has risked advocating on demand "convenience abortions." That is, none dared until Senator Obama demolished "safe, legal ... and rare" during a Pennsylvania whistle-stop more than four weeks ago - an action that, to date, the media has chosen to ignore, along with Obama's several rather shocking conclusions.
In response to a Pennsylvania voter's question about elementary school sex education, Obama said:
This makes two things clear. First, Senator Obama supports abortion on demand -- even "convenience" abortions -- for minors, including his own daughters; and second, Obama considers babies a "punishment" he'd rather spare his daughters, even if those daughters have to abort Obama's own unborn grandchildren to avoid that particular "punishment."
That unguardedly candid public statement is political dynamite -- or it would be, if the media had reported on it. Instead, four weeks later, America remains widely unaware of Senator Obama's explosive position favoring on-demand convenience abortions for minors, or his equally explosive view of babies as a "punishment."
Senator Clinton can be forgiven for not raising the subject -- while she's dutifully stuck to her husband's "safe, legal ... and rare" formulation, she knows her feminist base agrees with Senator Obama. Her late primary hurdles have been high enough without challenging her base.
Senator McCain -- who continues to steer clear of anything that might smack of a personal attack -- has also refrained from commenting; and from his position, that too makes a kind of sense. Unless he prefers to face Hillary in November, raising the "on-demand convenience abortions for minors" issue will have more power in reaching Independents during the general election, four months from now.
However, the media has no such excuse. Their job is to dig out the controversies and challenge the candidates -- in short, to report the news. Instead, perhaps recognizing the divisive nature of Obama's abortion stance, the media has become the dog that didn't bark. In his controversially-direct questioning of Senator Obama during the recent debate, ABC's George Stephanopolous avoided the abortion-on-demand question entirely. Just this past Sunday, in an often hard-hitting 36-minute interview, Fox News' Chris Wallace -- though he asked Obama about partial birth abortion - completely avoided the more controversial "on-demand convenience abortion."
Earlier in the campaign, Saturday Night Live accurately and effectively lampooned the media for being "in the tank" for Senator Obama. Now, on the abortion issue, political reporters are not only in the tank, they are AWOL.
Even the talk radio community -- as well as conservative columnists and online bloggers -- have been remarkably silent. Obama's position - advocating on-demand convenience abortions, even for minors -- is explosive, especially for conservative talkers' and bloggers' largely pro-family, anti-abortion audiences. The idea of children being a "punishment" pours gasoline on an open flame. By personalizing this, by speaking about his own daughters - and by speaking approvingly of them possibly aborting his own future grandchildren - Senator Obama's position becomes even less defensible ... and far more explosive.
Yet the media's silence echoes like the dog that didn't bark.
Ned Barnett owns Barnett Marketing Communications in Las Vegas. He's advised candidates and issues campaigns for 35 years, and blogs at: http://barnettonpolitics.blogspot.com/
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Just a few yards from the bustle and traffic of modern-day Route 309, there's a peaceful old meeting house complete with stables to house the simpler transportation of days gone by.
These days, the stables remain empty; the horses replaced by the cars that line the driveway. But history remains alive at the Richland Meeting House, where members of the Religious Society of Friends continue to worship in the ways of Quakertown's earliest residents.
FOR THE RECORD - (Published Tuesday, October 26, 1993) A photo caption Monday incorrectly identified the teacher of a Sunday school lesson at Richland Meeting House in Quakertown. Joy Hirokawa was the teacher during the annual visitors' day at the meeting house.
Yesterday, the Friends, or Quakers as they are known, invited the public to share in their worship and history during Visitors' Day Sunday, an annual event which commemorates the birth of Pennsylvania founder William Penn, perhaps the most well-known Friend.
The simple meeting for worship bares little resemblance to the ritualistic services of other Protestant denominations. There is no sermon, no minister, no choir, no creeds or communal prayers. In fact, most of the time, there is silence.
"Quakers believe that there is that of God in each person," explains Anne Biggs. "We sit in silence and wait for the Spirit to move us."
When moved, the Friends stand up to speak, sharing their thoughts and perhaps prompting others to meditate on similar issues.
"We are all ministers," says Biggs, who heads the meeting's religious education committee. "There is no designated speaker. Anyone can speak." But, she adds, the statements are inspired by silent meditation and worship, not premeditated grandstanding.
This "unprogrammed" worship allows Friends to retain their individuality, but asks them in return to assume responsibility for their faith.
"There's a lot of personal responsibility involved in worshipping in the Friends' religion," Biggs says. "There is no dogma, no creed. You're not being told what to say or think, or how to pray."
To benefit from the worship, Friends must be willing to forget the responsibilities of daily life and concentrate instead of matters of a spiritual nature.
This concentration seemed particularly hard for the children, who had a tendency to fidget and whisper after leaving their active First Day School, a traditional Protestant Sunday school, to join the silent worship. To help them regain their silence and concentration, a member stood up and began to speak.
"It's hard to sit still and hard to listen," she said. "But some great things happen in silence." She asked the children if they had ever heard a sun rise or a flower bloom, giving them something profound to think about.
The responsibility involved in the religion, in which members are asked to live a life of peace and service which practically expresses their view of God's purpose, may be the reason some people aren't attracted to it, Biggs says.
Still, Quakerism, founded in 1648 by George Fox, an English "religious seeker" who sought to find God in silence and meditation and to follow in his everyday living the guidance he received, has principles that are recognized by other denominations.
The Quakers are a peace church, like the United Brethren and Mennonites, Biggs says. They seek to resolve differences and conflicts in non-violent ways. They also support human rights, education and responsible use of the world's resources.
"While there are not that many Quakers, there are many who espouse Quaker beliefs through their own religion," Biggs says.
Still, the demands of the Quaker faith actually attract some people, meeting their spiritual needs.
"You will find a variety of spiritual beliefs in the same room," Biggs says, adding that Friends are given the freedom to fully experience whatever spiritual thoughts they have.
And, she says, there's a sense of family. "You're a part of the worship."
Friends also play a key role in conducting church business. With no staff to maintain the 19th century meeting and school houses and no pastor to minister to the sick, the responsibilities fall on the members. Through a committee system, members take care of all church functions. They meet to determine the direction of their church, deciding all issues by consensus.
"It's very much a communal type of thing," Biggs says.
The meeting's religious practices differ little from those of the first borough residents, who settled in the "Great Swamp" in 1710, seeking haven from the persecution they experienced in Europe and other colonies. The borough's settlers first met under the care of Gwynedd Meeting, later establishing their own meeting under the name Richland.
The first meeting house, on the present site at Main and Mill streets, was erected in 1730. The building dates from 1862. The school house, used for First Day School and social events, dates from 1860.
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Frequently Asked Questions About Therapy29-11-2006
Many people only have a vague idea what therapy is about. They don’t really know what therapy can do for them or what is involved in having therapy. This page attempts to address at least some of those issues.
Frequently Asked Questions About Therapy
How do I choose someone to see?
The most important thing to remember when choosing professional help is that you are a human being and so is your prospective treatment provider. You will face the same issue you face when selecting a friend or partner – personality. You may have to see several professionals before you find one you feel comfortable with. It is vital to realise this and not be discouraged if you don’t like, or don’t feel comfortable with, the first professional you see.
Interview prospective treatment providers – they should expect you to and be happy to answer your questions. It will save you, and them, time and disappointment if you take a few minutes to interview them first and move on if you don’t feel they are compatible with your personality.
Make sure they are qualified then ask them a few questions to get a feel for how they are likely to treat you and respond to you. It’s their job to make you feel listened to and respected. If they are not able to make you feel that way in an interview you need to keep looking.
What will happen when I go to see them for the first time?
The first step can be the hardest. You will need to tell them as much as you can about you and your problem. The more details you give them the better they can help. This will be hard for some people because they are not used to talking about themselves.
It is part of your therapist’s job to make you feel comfortable enough with them to be able to talk. They are trained in how to help you talk. I have had clients who could not believe they had been able to tell me so much as they had never been able to talk to other people so easily before. Don’t worry about your shyness or lack of verbal skill. If you are willing to talk your therapist should be able to help you do so.
People often say they have not told this or that to their therapist for various reasons. If you are not comfortable telling your therapist everything, even your most shameful thoughts or feelings, you are with the wrong therapist! You will not be expected to tell all in the first few sessions, or ever if you do not wish to, but the more secrets you keep the less help you will be able to get.
Think of your therapist as a psychological Sherlock Holmes you have hired to find out what is wrong and help you fix it. If you give them all the pieces they can do their job but, if you withhold vital information, they have less chance of solving the problem.
Don’t assume anything about you, your thoughts, your feelings, your past or present is not important or is too trivial to be worth mentioning. You wouldn’t go to a doctor and fail to mention the niggling pain in your side just because you think your broken leg is all that matters would you?
Psychological signs, symptoms and clues include experiences, thoughts, feelings, behaviours and beliefs so don’t assume anything about you is not important enough to mention. If it matters to you it is, automatically, important to your therapist.
Many people find, after a good session with a therapist, they feel either elated and full of hope or utterly drained and exhausted. Both of these feelings will wear off and do not mean anything about the end result. They are simply common reactions to a deep and meaningful connection with another human being.
I would be failing to equip you with all you need to know if I do not include one word of warning here.
All professional people operate under the laws applying in their country. In Australia and many other countries it is required by law for any professional person to report certain things to the authorities. If your therapist is convinced you pose a serious threat to yourself, to someone else or to a child they must report you.
This does not mean you cannot say you want to kill yourself, your neighbour or your child but it does mean you will be reported if your therapist believes you WILL kill yourself, your neighbour or your child.
Therapists are, or should be, trained in how to tell the difference between someone who is letting off steam and someone who has serious intentions to harm themselves or someone else.
I have been practising for many years now and it has never yet been necessary for me to report anyone despite many declarations of intent to commit suicide or murder. We do not like to report our clients so we tend to do so only when there is no other way to protect them or the people they pose a threat to.
The second thing you should know is that, unlike lawyers, what you say to us is not protected by law. Courts can order us to hand over our case notes if they know they exist. If we refuse, or they think we might refuse, the notes can be made the object of a court order and confiscated.
If you are worried about this happening because you are involved, for example, in a nasty divorce the best protection is to ensure nobody knows you are seeing someone. If they do not know case notes exist they cannot ask for them.
What can I expect treatment to involve?
Here is the bad news – treatment will not involve your therapist waving a magic wand to fix everything for you. Whilst I, for one, regularly scour eBay and other potential sources no such wand appears to exist.
What treatment will involve is change. YOU will have to change something. It may be something you do, something you think or something you believe but you WILL have to change something. If you do not make a change of some kind nothing about your problem will change and therapy will have been a waste of your time and your therapists.
The good news is we are trained to help you WANT to change and to help you be able to change. More good news is that, often, the change required to fix everything is not a very big change all things considered.
Sometimes all that is needed is to change what you believe by learning something you did not know before.
Sometimes you will have to simply change treatment providers and see a doctor or a psychiatrist for the medication that is what you actually need.
It is possible to change a life that is a complete mess and misery to one that is happy and satisfying simply by changing a few basic false beliefs or learning a few basic life skills such as how to handle other people.
In some cases, like mine, where everything that could go wrong did go wrong a lot of changes will be needed in every area. Changes to beliefs, thoughts, behaviours and a lot of new skills will need to be learned.
How long will therapy take?
The best predictor for how long your therapy will take is to look back over your life. How long have you had the problem? How were things before the problem started?
If you have been quite happy all your life and this is something new with a cause you can point to you may only need one session of good therapy to put you back on track.
I can’t count the number of times a person’s depression has turned out to be caused by physical exhaustion and was swiftly cured by taking a decent holiday!
If things are pretty good in most areas of your life but there is one thing causing you a lot of problems you may just need to learn a simple life skill, such as how to negotiate or how to problem solve, and all will be well.
At the other end of the scale are people who have been miserable their whole lives. In those cases it may turn out to be a simple life skill that is missing and therapy can fix things as fast as the person is able to learn the skill.
In cases where the person’s growth and development as a child has been sabotaged by abuse, ignorance, poor parenting or traumatic life experiences treatment may take a long time.
The person will need to learn to trust others for starters. They will need to learn all the things they should have learned as a child. These include new ways of thinking that don’t include self-hate. New ways of coping such as anger management or how to problem solve. New beliefs such as “It was NOT my fault”.
The more changes you need to make the longer your therapy will take.
How much will therapy cost?
Charges for therapy vary widely depending on what kind of therapy you choose. In Australia it is possible to get up to five sessions of therapy through Medicare if your doctor refers you to someone under the allied health providers scheme.
Many community health centers offer free, or cheap, counseling and some counseling services offer a sliding fee which will depend on how much your income is.
Check out your employer too. Many employers offer counseling through their employee assistance provider. An employee assistance provider is usually an independent counseling service the company hires to offer employees counseling. The benefit to the employer is in reduced sick or personal leave and happier, healthier, more productive workers.
The recommended fee for an hour's consultation with a psychologist is $180.00 but most will not charge that much. Most psychologists know people can't afford to pay that so charges, as of writing this, tend to range from around $80.00 and hour up to that amount.
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June 4, 2012 Researchers from ETH Zurich have reprogrammed mammalian cells in such a way as to perform logical calculations like a pocket calculator. The cells owe this ability to one of the most complex gene networks that has ever been incorporated into a higher cell.
A team of researchers from ETH Zurich headed by Martin Fussenegger, a professor of biotechnology and bioengineering at ETH Zurich's Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE) in Basel, has constructed a network of different genes that can perform calculations and, based on these, initiate specific metabolic steps. In principle, the scientists have developed circuit elements from biological components that are known as logic gates in computer technology and electrical engineering. The basis for the calculations performed is Boolean logic, which works with AND or XOR gates, for instance.
Calculator with modular structure
The researchers succeeded in combining these different gates with each other and interconnecting them to produce two important combinational circuits from digital electronics -- the half-adder and the half-subtractor. A half-adder adds up two binary numbers -- in other words, noughts and ones; a half-substractor de-ducts them from each other.
To programme the cell calculator, the ETH-Zurich researchers used two input signals that control the gene network. For test purposes, the biologists used the antibiotic erythromycin and the apple molecule phloretin. In the case of an AND gate, for instance, both inputs -- namely phloretin and erythromycin -- need to be present for the cell to calculate a one in the output. As a result of this one, the gene network triggers the formation of a fluorescent protein, which makes the cell glow. If one of the two input signals is lacking, the cell will not light up.
The first ″true″ programmable cell calculator
"By combining several logic gates, we have achieved an unprecedented level of complexity in a synthetic gene network in mammalian cells," stresses Professor Fussenegger. Moreover, it is remarkable that the bio-computer can process two different input and output signals in parallel. This sets the bio-calculator apart from digital electronics, which works exclusively with electrons. "By nature, a cell can process many different metabolic products in parallel," adds Professor Fussenegger.
The biological calculator has only been able to master basic binary arithmetic operations thus far and is therefore not a patch on a powerful PC. "However, it is wonderful that a mammalian cell can calculate like that," says Professor Fussenegger.
Scientists have already realised various circuit elements in yeasts and bacteria. The novelty, however, is that the biotechnologists managed to incorporate an entire system into a single cell, and a mammalian one at that.
Future applications conceivable
For Professor Fussenegger, it is conceivable that implanted cell calculators could monitor a patient's metabolism in the distant future and step in if necessary. "Intelligent" cell implants could be used in diabetes patients, for instance, by developing a circuit that recognises disease-related metabolic products and controls the release of therapeutically effective substances, such as insulin. However, the researchers are still a far cry from such an application.
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Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
- Simon Ausländer, David Ausländer, Marius Müller, Markus Wieland, Martin Fussenegger. Programmable single-cell mammalian biocomputers. Nature, 2012; DOI: 10.1038/nature11149
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
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In this series we'll create a 3D poker chip in Illustrator. We'll then learn how to animate this poker chip, and export it to flash. Part II of this series covers the process of creating and exporting the animation. Let's get to it.
Creating the poker chip itself is the most challenging part of this tutorial. Our first step will be to create the 3D shape that will become the chip.
Just saw your pick. I believe the problem you are having is where your rotating your center point from.
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Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. In theology, the doctrine, held by Augustinians and by many Calvinists, that God planned the creation, permitted the fall, elected a chosen number, planned their redemption, and suffered the remainder to be eternally punished. The Sublapsarians believe that God did not permit but foresaw the fall, while the Supralapsarians hold that God not only permitted but decreed it.
- n. theology A doctrine held by certain Calvinists holding that, while the fall of man was inevitable, the identities of the elect and the reprobate were not known until after the fall.
GNU Webster's 1913
- n. (Theor.) The doctrine, belief, or principles of the Infralapsarians.
“Theologically this position is known as "infralapsarianism.”
“By contrast, Calvin taught that God permitted the fall, not that He foreordained it—i.e., infralapsarianism.”
“And there are still others -- whether it is infralapsarianism or supralapsarianism or neither that is the truth, whether Christ died for everyone or only for the elect, just what and when the millennium will be -- on which scriptural teaching is less plain yet.”
“Having gone thus far, Van Os proceeded to deny a form of infralapsarianism, which was termed "justification from eternity.”
These user-created lists contain the word ‘infralapsarianism’.
Looking for tweets for infralapsarianism.
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Driving up on Wilson Avenue at 47th Street, I saw a traffic signal mounted sideways, horizontally, with the green lens on the left and the red one on the right. A sign said "traffic signal head test location." What's going on there? Are we going to see those all over town now?
Signed, Vertically Inclined
Dear Inclined: Have you ever noticed, on those rare occasions that we have a wind-driven snowstorm, that snow obscures the traffic signal lenses at intersections? That might not happen often, but when it does it can lead to a big traffic snarl.
City traffic engineers are experimenting with solutions to that problem, and one possible fix is the one you saw. The visors on the lights sometimes funnel the snow right into the lens, so somebody had the idea that turning it sideways would prevent that build-up.
Trouble is, nobody knows yet if it works. The last snowstorm was without much wind. But perhaps by winter's end the engineers will know whether the tilted signals solve the problem. Even if they do, is it worth the time and trouble to change them all? That's a question for later.
Buck Thompson finds answers to questions regarding life in Loveland. Send your questions to 201 E. Fifth St., Loveland CO 80537; or to email@example.com.
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HOUSTON -- Texas had the most expensive statewide average on record for gasoline in 2012, with the annual average price for a gallon of regular unleaded at $3.43.
AAA Texas said Thursday that the previous annual record was $3.37 in 2011. The third most expensive year for gas prices was 2008 at $3.13.
The group says hurricanes, refinery outages and Middle East tensions sent markets "in an upward swing for most of the year."
AAA Texas says this week the statewide average in Texas increased six cents to $3.13. Motorists in Texarkana are paying the most on average at $3.19, while drivers in El Paso are paying the least at $3.03. The average price for fuel in Texas is 16 cents less than the national average of $3.29.
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AN innovative approach to healthcare is winning over patients and professionals.
Just five months after opening its doors, Wodonga’s GP Super Clinic has been labelled a national leader in bringing together a range of health services.
Already GPs are complemented by pathology services, physiotherapists, a podiatrist, psychologist, dietitian and even a yoga room.
There is also access to public dentists, alcohol and drug counsellors along with mental health workers, but the plans are for yet more specialists and allied health professionals to be housed in the $8 million building on High Street.
Speech pathologist, medical imaging, naturopaths and chiropractors are all on the hit list.
Gateway community health’s GP Super Clinic project manager Sheryl Follett said the model was in its infancy, but its success was highlighted by the growing number of health professionals weighing up their options.
“We started with just one GP last September, we now have four and expect another to start in April,” she said.
“The success or acceptance is best measured by the fact that people are now coming to us looking for opportunities. They are wanting to find ways of participating in this integrated primary healthcare model — a team approach to helping people with complex chronic diseases.
“It means a GP can use the dietician and podiatrist to help in someone’s treatment for a disease like diabetes.”
Gateway Community Health chief executive Leonard Peady said the GP Super Clinic was run as a business model, to generate profits that were in turn directed into under-resourced programs.
“An example of that is a program with schools for adolescents at risk of mental health issues but who have not had an episode that would have qualified them for assistance otherwise,” Mr Peady said.
“But to be consistent with the idea that is a community service we want to get to the point where people can walk in and get to see a doctor, bulk-billed and then walk over to a specialist or allied health professional and get further help.”
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I am struck by the remarkably neat north-south stratification in this map of global water demand and availability, both in terms of physical supply and access to populations. The entire southern hemisphere is water stressed, in sharp contrast to the entire north which has enough to meet its demand.
In much of Africa and Latin America, and parts of India and China, though availability may not be a problem, access remains poor. But it is in North Africa, Middle East, and Central Asia, where availability is itself a problem, conflicts centering around water bodies are most likely. Already, water sharing from the Nile, Tigris-Euphrates-Jordan Rivers, and Aral Sea are the source of geo-political tensions.
However, there may be another reason why water may be an important source of geo-political conflicts. It is not that people will be fighting for drinking water. In fact, as this latest OECD forecasts indicate, domestic consumption will be dwarfed by other industrial uses of water. Even the demand for agricultural consumption is estimated to decline. But demand from manufacturing sector and power generation (especially from water intensive renewable solar and thermal generators) is estimated to form nearly half the global demand for water by 2050.
Since a large share of this demand is going to come from the Northern hemisphere, the sharp geographical water-divide will invariably suck in the richer nations too.
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Partnership Schools and Mentoring in a History Education Program
Over the past five years, my colleague, Lawrence W. McBride, and I learned a great deal about developing and sustaining partnerships with secondary schools, and gained state as well as national recognition in the process.1 As coordinators of the history education program at Illinois State Universitythe largest secondary program in history education in the statewe now partner with eight schools and graduate approximately 100 students annually. The mentoring provided by teachers at the partnership schools makes a positive difference in the experience and development of our student teachers, while fostering a strong and mutually sustaining relationship between faculty at the secondary and post-secondary level.
The program is housed in the history department, where we require two history teaching methods courses. The first teaching methods course is taught the semester before student teaching, while the second is taught during a Professional Development Semester for students, which begins with a special methods course, and continues for six weeks before the interns move on to eleven weeks of student teaching. Initially, both methods courses were taught on campus, but experience led us to teach the second methods course on the campus of schools. As a result, the history faculty in the schools now join us in the special methods class, and serve as mentors to our students before and during the student teaching experience.
Similarly, each partnership school offers particular institutional strengths. Two partnership schools, for example, specialize in the integration of technology into the instructional strategies of history classrooms. Another partnership school emphasizes its strong tradition of integrating history with social science disciplines to help students make informed decisions on contemporary political and social issues.
In the process, we have developed eight partnerships with schools to help us in the preparation of preservice teachers for their student teaching and professional career experiences. Even though Illinois State is located in central Illinois, many of our history education majors student teach in the Chicago metropolitan area. So by developing partnerships in both central Illinois and the Chicago metropolitan area, we have made our methods class more accessible to our students and also provided the opportunity for more varied experiences. In Chicago, we wanted our students to have experiences in both suburban and inner city settings. In central Illinois, we looked for both rural and small city/rust belt settings. The varied environments give our students an opportunity to experience and critique a variety of settings and teaching styles.
Currently, two partnership schools (Glenbrook South High School and Lincoln-Way East High School) are located in the Chicago suburbs; one (James H. Bowen High School) is a Chicago Public School and is part of Chicago's Small Schools Program. Five partnership schools (Bloomington High School, Normal Community and Normal West High Schools, Olympia High School, and Pekin High School) are situated in central Illinois.2
McBride and I have maintained three purposes in establishing these partnerships. First, we believe that teaching a special methods course on school campuses gives our students the opportunity to observe teaching and learning, to gain an overall impression of the school environment, and to discern the variations among school cultures. Second, we believe a mentoring program in which high school history teachers mentor our history and social sciences education majors (interns) benefits both the mentor and the intern. Third, current literature strongly advised us that prospective teachers need more experiences in the world of teaching before they student teach, so we strike a balance between theory and practice.
When we started to establish the partnerships, we were able to enhance and draw upon our already vigorous ties to schools. We already knew many Illinois history teachers who had supervised our student teachers, and through professional meetings and conferences, such as our annual Symposium for History and the Social Sciences, which draws approximately 125 teachers. We also knew several potential teacher-mentors who were graduates of our history education program. We realized from the beginning, therefore, that many mentors shared similar beliefs about teaching and the role of history in the curriculum, particularly the importance of history as the integrative discipline in social sciences and social studies and its capacity to strengthen democratic citizenship.
The next step was to build a partnership program based on mutual respect, trust, and an interest in history education. When we first meet with teachers at a potential partnership school, we listen to mentors as they describe their school and their teaching experiences. We believe it is important to understand the partnership school's culture and to respect the climate that each mentor establishes in his or her classroom. Above all, we are looking for common interests with a partnership school history faculty and in identifying interests they might share with our other partnership schools.
We also made it a point to look for commonalities shared by both public school history teachers and history professors at our university. Our purpose was, and continues to be, to bridge any gap that may artificially exist between our preservice teachers' school assignments and their university experiences. 3
Our mentoring program differs from what is often described as mentoring in the schools, but which is too often merely an orientation to the building and its rules of operation. We work with the department chairs, teachers, and administrators in the schools to allow each mentor and each partnership school to guide our interns into the nature of "becoming" a teacher rather than merely "doing" teaching. The Professional Development Semester begins with a special methods class on teaching history and a mentorship period that continues for six weeks before the student moves on to eleven weeks of student teaching.
Interns are assigned a mentor and meet with the mentor during the week. The mentors involve their intern in the conduct of their own classes, while also fostering good practice in the teaching of history. We call upon mentors to allow interns an opportunity to practice teach and to offer feedback and suggestions, which gives the interns an opportunity to make mistakes under the watchful eye of a mentor whose feedback prepares them for student teaching and their relationship with a cooperating teacher. This also serves to bolster the confidence of interns who may appear unsure, and reinforces interns who already possess confidence in their abilities to help students. In the process, mentors and interns often form a bond and communicate throughout the semester, even while the intern is at a distant student teaching site. Crucially, we call upon mentors to emphasize the importance of reflective practice as interns uncover the elements of everyday teaching experiences in the mentor's classroom and make them the target of inquiry.4
The methods class meets once a week for a day at a partnership school. We ask the mentors from each partnership school to participate in special methods classes held on their campus. For example, we involve mentors in the special methods classes by asking them to demonstrate how they use primary sources in their history teaching, or how they integrate technology in their history teaching. Other methods class topics include best practices of assessing students' knowledge and understanding of history and classroom management strategies.
Our partnership program is scheduled so that the history education methods professor and the interns alternate among the sites for the methods course and seminars, allowing preservice teachers to experience similarities and differences in the cultures of different schools. While the site of the methods class alternates each week, the mentor-intern relationship remains constant.
The intern's relationship with a mentor does not stop when student teaching at another site begins. Mentors remain in contact with their interns (now student teachers) via email. Mentors also participate as important members of an exit interview panel, consisting of mentors and ISU faculty and staff, at the conclusion of the semester. At this exit interview, interns bring the teaching portfolio they developed over the semester. During the interview, the students inform the panel of their knowledge, skills, and disposition toward teaching, in response to questions derived from the Illinois Professional Teaching Standards.
From the beginning we adopted the viewpoint that our experiment with a mentoring program would be a true school-university "partnership"; that is, that we would assist in the professional development of the mentors. While we provide no remuneration for mentors, we do offer a tuition waiver for graduate credit from our department for an optional, one-hour course "Mentorship in the Teaching of History," in which mentors read and discuss scholarly articles about pedagogy.
We facilitate other professional development for mentors as well. For the
last two years our history faculty has offered seminars at the partner sites
historical monographs. Mentors discuss the implications of these works as they affect their content knowledge and their pedagogy. We also present workshops for the partnership school's history faculty, and in some workshops on instructional technology, faculty from other subjects at the partnership school are invited. We also arrange for visiting international professors and teachers to meet with our mentors. Discussions with educators from Russia over the past two years have augmented both Russian and American teachers' cultural awareness. The international element of our program has allowed teachers from our partnership schools to travel abroad. At the 2000 AHA annual meeting, we co-sponsored a session with the National Council for History Education, in which Mary Beth Norton discussed the dynamics of collaboration in the writing of the textbook, A People and Nation.
Our department in turn has benefited from our partnership relationship. History faculty who are not directly involved in teacher preparation have an opportunity to work with classroom teachers, younger members of our partnership schools have enrolled in our master's degree program, and the schools that specialize in technology assist us directly with our department's course, "Instructional Technology for Historians."
Most importantly, our school-university partnerships have helped us apply in our History Education Program our university's conceptual framework for teacher education, "Realizing the Democratic Ideal." We believe that realizing the democratic ideal is an ongoing process while our students are at Illinois State and during their careers as practicing teachers.
All students' experiences in our program should be brought about by reflection
on their knowledge of content and pedagogy, performance in the classroom, and
disposition toward teaching. At the same time, this program, involving district
administrators, department heads, around 50 history/social science teacher/
mentors, and 100 cooperating teachers at student teaching sites promotes realizing the democratic ideal as a reflective practitioner of history.
Fragile Nature of School-University Partnerships
We have enjoyed great success with our eight partnership schools. We have learned much from the experience, which I share for those who contemplate establishing partnerships with schools. First, students initially complain about traveling to partner schools extending from Chicago to central Illinois. However, complaints fade away as the experience with their mentors develop.
Second, we have learned that mentors need time to evolve in the experience. Most mentors initially wanted interns to "watch them" teach. Now, our mentors involve interns in the teaching of their classes and assign them problems to solve as teachers.
Third, interns have come to see the mentoring experience as an asset in their preparation as teachers. In the initial years of our program, our students wanted to begin the semester immediately at their student teaching site. Now, students inform us that this program makes a positive difference in their student teaching experience.
Fourth, we have been fortunate in having the support of our colleges of education, which would normally have purview over such a program. The deans of the Colleges of Education and Arts and Sciences as well as the chair of our history department enthusiastically supported our endeavor to collaborate as partners with Illinois high schools.5
Finally, we have learned that a partnership is a two-way relationship. We have found that the best way to sustain the partnership is to involve the partnership school in decisions that affect the program. Often what is hoped for in the formative period of collaboration needs to be tempered as the partnership matures.6 The initial stages of a partnership program are symbiotic but are difficult to sustain, if self-interest alone determines the relationship. For the partnership to grow and develop, each partner must work diligently to clarify shared interests and needs. This imperative is particularly difficult for us when we are working simultaneously with eight different school districts, each of which has its own interests and needs. But the effort involved in maintaining a collaborative approach in the preparation of new history teachers is essential if a partnership is to evolve into a fully realized, mutually sustaining relationship.
Frederick D. Drake is professor of history at Illinois State University.
ISU's history department has created a collaborative program and is listed in the Teaching Division's online directory of K-16 collaboratives. For more information please visit http://www.historians.org/teaching/collaboratives.
1. William Weber, "The Growth of Collaboration in History Education: Reports on Current Practices," Perspectives 37:6 (September 1999), 3136.
2. Terry Jozwik is the department chair of Glenbrook South High School in Glenview, Illinois; Dennis Schnierle is department chair at Lincoln-Way East High School; and Joann Podkul is department chair at Bowen High School. In central Illinois, Joe White, Fred Walk, and Diane Mueller are the lead teachers for Normal Community and Normal West High Schools. Doug Williamson, Mike Lootens, and Richard White are the department chairs, respectively, at Bloomington High School, Olympia High School, and Pekin High School. Two principals, Michael Gardner of Lincoln-Way East High School and Tim Ruwe of Pekin High School are actively involved in the methods course.
3. Robert V. Bullough Jr. et al., "Paradise Unrealized: Teacher Educators and the Costs and Benefits of School/University Partnerships," Journal of Teacher Education (NovemberDecember 1999), 38190; Ismat Abdal-Haqq, Professional Development Schools: Weighing the Evidence (Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Corwin Press, Inc., 1998), 7071; and Marilyn Johnston et al., eds., Collaborative Reform and Other Improbable Dreams: The Challenges of Professional Development Schools (Albany, N. Y.: State University of New York Press, 2000), 27779.
4. All of our mentors and interns read and discuss a summary of reflective practice traditions in Kenneth M. Zeichner and Daniel P. Liston, Reflective Teaching: An Introduction (Mahwah, N. J.: Laurence Erlbaum Associates, 1996), 5162.
5. Sally Pancrazeo and Paul Schollaert are the respective deans and John B. Freed is the history department chair.
6. Abdal-Haqq, Professional Development Schools, 7071; John I. Goodlad, "School-University Partnerships for Educational Renewal: Rationale and Concepts," and P. C. Schlechty and B. L. Whitford, "Shared Problems and Shared Vision: Organic Collaboration," in Kenneth A. Sirotnik, ed., School-University Partnership in Action: Concepts, Cases, and Concerns (New York: Teachers College Press, 1988).
Copyright © American Historical AssociationLast Updated: September 14, 2007 9:41 AM
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Come out to New York City’s Asian American Student Conference!
NYCAASC is a collaborative effort with students from various schools such as NYU, Columbia, Barnard, Hunter College, Baruch and City College. On April 27th they’re hosting a free event at the NYU Kimmel Center. It’s a conference that consists of a broad range of engaging workshops and panels intended to encourage attendees to think critically about Asian American issues. According to the group:
“The theme for this year’s conference is En Route. In past conferences, we examined different notions of Asian American identity and how Asian Americans are reclaiming authorship of their stereotyped representations. This year, we seek to explore how Asian Americans are reinventing themselves by moving beyond their own communities and contributing to an intercultural dialogue.”
Check it out! It’s free and sounds awesome. If you’re still not convinced, watch their promotional video above. You can even volunteer by visiting their site, and clicking on the “Register” button. Spread the word!
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The price N.J. taxpayers pay to replenish beaches with freshly dredged sand has skyrocketed over the past two decades because of weak competition among dredging companies, according to a report in the Press of Atlantic City.
The cost of sand has barely risen because dredging companies can pump sand more efficiently than ever before, the report said. But the cost to mobilize equipment has soared — for example, one project that would have cost $230,000 in 1992 costs $1.5 million today.
According to the report, so many private dredging companies have gone out of business or sold their equipment, that the companies remaining in the business can freely charge high prices.
|The debate over New Jersey beach replenishment|
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I was having some trouble today copying a file (1.5GB .iso) from a notebook to a file server.
The notebook I was using was running Linux Ubuntu.
The server FreeBSD.
I was trying to copy this file using SMB/CIFS via Nautilus.
I tried several times, it failed each time.
Then I thought, what are you doing… drop to the command line.
scp to the rescue
The command I used:
From the directory on my local machine I was copying the file from
scp -P MyPortNumberHere MyFile.iso MyUserName@MyServer:/Path/To/Where/I/Want/MyFile/ToGo/MyFile.iso
This also took about half the time to copy that SMB took, and SMB didn’t even complete.
Some additional resources
Also don’t forget to check the man page out
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The Book Blurb:
Each working day from January 29 to November 1, 1951, John Steinbeck warmed up the work of writing East of Eden with a letter to the late Pascal Covici, his friend and editor of The Viking Press. It was his way, he said, of "getting my mental arm in shape to pitch a good game."
Steinbeck's letters were written on the left-hand pages of a notebook in which the facing pages would be filled with the rest of East of Eden. They touched on many subjects -- story arguments, trial flights of workmanship, concern for his sons.
Part autobiography, part writer's workshop, these letters offer an illuminating perspective on Steinbeck's creative process, and a fascinating glimpse of Steinbeck, the private man.
What Hooked Me:
I have no idea if one is meant to read the novel East of Eden first to thoroughly enjoy this book like I did. A great part of me however, wishes that I read this book first. East of Eden would have resonated with me on a much more personal level, and I wouldn't have this strong desire to reread it again. As this book was never meant to be published, John Steinbeck wrote about his innermost feelings about a myriad of things: from his choice of pencils, his concern for his two sons and new wife Elaine, his bouts of weariness and his passion for writing East of Eden. It is undeniably why this book is exceptional. It offers an emotional (his thoughts on p.89 is really sad) and highly personal window into the mind of a great (maybe the best) American writer.
'January 29, 1951 (Monday)
Dear Pat: How did the time pass and how did it grow so late. Have we learned anything from the passage of time? Are we more mature, wiser, more perspective, kinder? We have known each other now for centuries and still I remember the first time and the last time.'(opening lines)
'This book will be most difficult of all I have ever attempted. Whether I am good enough or gifted enough remains to be seen. I do have a good background. I have love and I have had pain. I still have anger but I can find no bitterness in myself. There maybe some bitterness but if there is I don't know where it can be. I do not seem to have the kind of selfness any more that nourishes it.'(4-5)
'It is always amazing to me how we forget our failures. I guess if we didn't, we could not survive. But perhaps it is no bad thing to take a little time to go back over failures, not to glory in them but just to remind ourselves. In the forgetting it is not vainglory that bothers me but simply that things neglected as not done well slip away as though they never happened.'(22)
'This book is very important to me. I am going to do no going back until the whole is completed but then it is going to be overhauled very very deeply. I shall insist on that. This is my big book. And it has to be a big book, and because it is new in form although old in pace it has to be excellent in every detail. And I don't care how long it takes to make it that way and I mean this. You can't train for something all your life and then have it fall short because you are hurrying to get it finished. So there.'(33)
'You know I am really stupid. For years I have looked for the perfect pencil. I have found very good ones but never the perfect one. And all the time it was not the pencils but me. A pencil that is all right some days is no good another day. ... I have fine prejudices, lazy ones and enjoyable ones. It occurs to me that everyone likes or wants to be eccentric and this is my eccentricity, my pencil trifling.'(35-36)
'It is amazing how many things there are to do in a house, new house or old house. And for some reason I love to make the little repairs and improvements myself. A curious penuriousness comes out in me about paying a man twenty-five dollars for doing badly what I can do just as badly in less time. Besides I can improvise and most people can't. Give me a box of odds and ends of metal and wood and I can build dam near anything. But it isn't only penuriousness either. I love to do it. It gives me some kind of satisfaction.'(42)
'I believe you can only be unafraid if you find out what it is you fear and conquer it. All the pretense in the world won't help you otherwise.'(44)
'They say, and I expect truly, that if a man could see his whole life, he would never live it. He would kill himself instantly. Something like this happens on the week-end days when I do not work. I lift my eyes out of the details of the little day's work and a panic crashed on me. The size and difficulty rise up and smack me. And yet it is necessary to look at the whole thing now and then. It's like swimming with your head down or up. It cuts your speed to raise your head but at least you know where you are going.'(65)
'Now -- we must think of a book as a wedge driven into a man's personal life. A short book would be in and out quickly. And it is possible for such a wedge to open the minds and do its work before it is withdrawn leaving quivering nerves and cut tissue. A long book, on the other hand, drives in very slowly and if only in point of time remains for a while. Instead of cutting and leaving it, it allows the mind to rearrange itself to fit around the wedge. Let's carry the analogy a little farther. When the quick wedge is withdrawn, the tendency of the mind is quickly to heal itself exactly as it was before the attack. With the long book perhaps the healing has been warped around the shape of the wedge so that when the wedge is finally withdrawn and the book set down, the mind cannot ever be quite what it was before. This is my theory and it may explain the greater importance of a long book. Living with it longer has given it greater force. If this is true, a long book, even not so good, is more effective than an excellent short book.'(66-67)
'Plans are real things and not experience. A rich life is rich in plans. If they don't come off, they are still a little bit realized. If they do, they may be disappointing. That's why a trip described becomes better the greater the time between the trip and the telling. I believe too that if you can know a man's plans, you know more about him than you can in any other way. Plans are daydreaming and this is an absolute measure of a man.'(74)
'There is one field of feeling , however, in which either I am different from most people or they do not tell the truth -- perhaps not knowing it or not daring to face it or perhaps feeling that it is a monstrous thing which should not be brought into the light. I don't know that this is so, I simply offer these as reasons why people do not seem to feel the way I do. I refer to the will to live. I have very little of it. This must not be confused with a death wish. I have no will to die but I can remember no time from earliest childhood until this morning when I would not have preferred never to have existed.'(89)
'Not that it is necessary to be remembered but there is one purpose in writing that I can see, beyond simply doing it interestingly. It is the duty of the writer to lift up, to extend, to encourage. If the written word has contributed anything at all to our developing species and our half developed culture, is it this: Great writing has been a staff to lean on, a mother to consult, a wisdom to pick up stumbling folly, a strength in weakness and a courage to support sick cowardice.'(115-116)
'July 2, Monday
Now, how did it get to be this time of the year. The last time I looked up it was March. And in other ways I seem to have been writing on this book forever. I guess the last is true. I have been writing on this book all my life. And throughout, you will find things that remind you of earlier work. That earlier work was practice for this, I am sure. And that is why I want this book to be good, because it is the first book. The rest was practice. I want it to be all forms, all methods, all approaches.'(117)
'Refrain is one of the most valuable of all form methods. Refrain is a return to the known before one flies again upwards. It is a consolation to the reader, a reassurance that the book has not left his understanding.'(124)
'How the mind rebels against work, but once working, it rebels just as harshly against stopping. I don't know why this should be. It's a dumb brute, the human mind. And it has really brutish tendencies.'(147)
'And from this meeting a new character has emerged. He is called the Reader.
He is so stupid you can't trust him with an idea.
He is so clever he will catch you in the least error.
He will not buy short books.
He will not buy long books.
He is part moron, part genius, part ogre.
There is some doubt as to whether he can read.'Well, by God, Pat, he's just like me, no stranger at all. He'll take from my book what he can bring to it. The dull witted will get dullness and the brilliant may find things in my book I didn't know were there.'(182, from the original draft for the Dedication of East of Eden)
a Penguin book
Book borrowed from the library
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- Leading on public sector information policy
- Ensuring the survival of the nation's records
Q. Who should I contact to obtain material in a particular format?
A. You should contact the originating government department.
If you are unsure which department has originated the data, contact us and we will investigate.
You can also check on the Information Asset Register (IAR) records which can be found on inforoute. The IAR contains lists of available material and the formats in which it is held.
Q. What is the Open Government Licence?
A. It consists of a simple set of terms and conditions which enables the re-use of a wide range of public sector information, including that which is covered by Crown copyright. There are further details about the Open Government Licence under What the Open Government Licence covers.
Q. How can I use information covered by Parliamentary copyright?
A. The standard licence for the use of Parliamentary copyright information is the Open Parliament Licence. You can find further information about the Open Parliament Licence on the Parliament website.
Q. What is an exclusive licence?
A. This is a licence issued by a copyright owner that grants particular rights to just one person or organisation for an agreed period of time. It prevents the same rights from being granted to anyone else. It also means that the copyright owner is unable to exercise the same rights during the same period.
It is not government policy to grant exclusive licences other than in exceptional circumstances.
Q. Do I need a licence to use a Crown copyright publication as a prop in a TV programme or film?
A. No, the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 states that 'copyright in a work is not infringed by its incidental inclusion in an artistic work, sound recording, film, broadcast or cable programme'.
You need to acknowledge that Crown copyright material has been used.
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7:38 pm in arizona business, arizona chamber of commerce, arizona corporation commission, AZ News, business organizations, chamber of commerce and industry, garrick, Headlines, legislative session, Local News, position statements, press conferences, senate bill by PinkTeaPatriot
By: Emily Gersema
Posted: May 12th, 2012
Some Arizona business organizations are applauding the recently ended legislative session for producing business-friendly bills that, after Gov Jan Brewer signs them, could boost economic development in the state.
They also cheered the end of the session because it meant the demise of some bills that they believed would stifle business development if they became law.
Although the two main bills that worried them died due to inaction or were rejected outright, business leaders in Phoenix believe Senate Bill 1507 and House Bill 2789 left an impact anyway.
SB 1507 opposed government-led efforts to reduce pollution and eradicate poverty, while HB 2789 opposed regulation by the Arizona Corporation Commission.
Among the groups fighting the measures was the Arizona Chamber of Commerce and Industry, which led quiet opposition to SB 1507 through position statements sent to legislators, instead of through public press conferences. The organization’s spokesman, Garrick Taylor, said it was concerned about potential harm to commerce.
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|
I've been talking more and more here and on the Facebook page about dining excess. Not just the way we eat but in the food that is being created, glorified and shoved in our faces over and over again.
I have noticed more and more some bad decadence at work from restaurants. They are competing, I think, to see who can make us eat the worst.
Burger King's latest is a “burger” made with 4 Whopper patties, pepperoni, mozzarella cheese, marinara sauce and pesto and is coming this month to the New York City BK Whopper Bar in Times Square.
And while I know this is a gimmick, it is also real. But why?
This 9.5" monstrosity is over 2500 calories, more than a day's worth of calories for an adult. That alone should stop you but if it doesn't:
1. There are a hundred an forty-four grams of fat in the NY Pizza Burger.
2. There are fifty-nine grams of saturated fat in the NY Pizza Burger.
3. There are 3,780 milligrams of salt in the NY Pizza Burger (more than double the daily allowance for adults).
4. You have better ways to spend thirteen dollars.
5. You do not want to be a part of the culinary suicide that Americans are committing.
6. You want to be a role model for healthy eating.
7. Your stomach just turned at the idea of this culinary travesty.
8. You value your health, both now and in the future.
9. You do not want to participate in the methane production related to making that much meat and dairy – if in fact there is real meat and dairy used in that product.
10. You don’t have an interest in financially supporting the fast food industry’s belief that they can get rich by feeding America death-food.
I hate fast food in general, but when I see examples of garbage like this being served and idolized as food, it makes me crazy.
Do not Eat This
Tiny Green Bubble
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In an alternative future Japan, junior high students are forced to fight to the death! L to R (Western Style). Koushun Takami's notorious high-octane thriller is based on an irresistible premise: a class of junior high school students is taken to a deserted island where, as part of a ruthless authoritarian program, they are provided arms and forced to kill one another until only one survivor is left standing. Criticized as violent exploitation when first published in Japan--where it then proceeded to become a runaway bestseller--Battle Royale is a Lord of the Fliesfor the 21st century, a potent allegory of what it means to be young and (barely) alive in a dog-eat-dog world. Made into a controversial hit movie of the same name, Battle Royale is already a contemporary Japanese pulp classic, now available for the first time in the English language. A group of high school students are taken to small isolated island and forced to fight each other until only one remains alive! If they break the rules a special collar blows their heads off. Koushun Takami's brutal, high-octane thriller is told in breathless. blow-by-blow fashion. Battle Royale is a contemporary Japanese pulp classic now available for the first time in English.
About the Author
Koushun Takami was borin in 1969 in Amagasaki near Osaka and grew up in Kagawa Prefecture of Shikoku, where he currently resides. After Graduating from Osaka University with a degree in literature, he dropped out of Nihon University's liberal arts correspondence school. From 1991 to 1996 he worked for the prefectural news company Shikoku Shinbun. Battle Royale, completed after Takami left the news company, was a finalist for the Kadokawa Mystery Prize, but ulimately lost due to the controversy the novel's content provoked among juruy members. With its publication in Japan in 1999, Battle Royale received widespread support from young readers and became a best seller. in 2000. ot was adapted as a manga and made into a popular feature film.
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Ancient Faith Radio host Kevin Allen says: "Tremendous and include some of the most beutiful icons in Legacy Icons collection. I want one of those. A great, great gift for the holiday season!"
What a great gift for yourself, Sunday school teachers, or others. Handmade in America to our exacting museum-grade specifications, with stunning colors and a balanced palette of tones make these dynamic and perfect for your Christmas tree or decorations. After the holidays, replace the string and hang them in your car, home, or office to enjoy all year long!
Ornaments have the same outstanding high-grade prints, and are sized at 2x3, 3x4, and 4x4 inches.
Nativity A & B:
This 15th century Greek icon depicts theNativity of Christ, with several related scenes. The Virgin Mary is depicted resting beside her newborn Son. The cave imagery recalls icons of the Resurrection, reminding the viewer that our salvation was wrought through
the entirety of Christ's life, not just one part of it. The ox and donkey beside him represent the worship of the entire human race, Jews and Gentiles alike. The magi are visible on the left, and the shepherds on the right. Also visible is the elder Joseph, who is being tempted by the devil to leave his betrothed. Filling the heavens are the angels, praising God and proclaiming the good news of great joy.
This icon, part of the Zvenigorod desis,was painted about 1415 by the Russian master iconographer St. Andrei Rublev. In the New Testament Michael leads God's armies against Satan's forces in the Book of Revelation, where during the war in heaven he defeats Satan.
(Prayer to Saint Michael, the Archangel)
Holy Michael Archangel,
defend us in the day of battle;
be our safeguard against the wickedness and snares of the devil.
May God rebuke him, we humbly pray; and do thou,
Prince of the heavenly host,
by the power of God, thrust down to hell Satan
and all wicked spirits
who wander through the world for the ruin of souls. Amen.
Saint Nicholas was the 5th-century Bishop of Myra in Asia Minor (modern Turkey). He is well-known and well-loved for his generosity and
miracle-working. This icon was painted at the Monastery of Saint Catherine at Mount Sinai in the 13th Century.
Iconographers of all times tried to show in the image of Theotokos as much beauty, gentleness, dignity and grandeur as they could imagine. They sometimes paint grief, and sometimes sorrowful, but always filled with spiritual strength and wisdom. This icon dates from the early 15th century. The Theotokos represents the Church of Christ, thereby displaying the fullness of love between God and man, a love that can only be achieved within the bosom of church, the Mother. The Most Pure Lady is always shown with her head covered with a veil, which drops to her shoulders. The veil or head covering is usually colored red to show her suffering and her acquired holiness.
Synaxis of the Archangels:
This 19th century Russian icon portrays the synaxis (assembly) of the holy Angels and Archangels. In the center is an orb containing Christ as Emmanuel. Behind Christ, holding orbs reading IC XC("Jesus Christ"), is the chief Archangel, Saint Michael. Flanking Christ are the Archangels Gabriel, in blue, and Raphael, in green. In the back row are the other four traditional Archangels, left to right, Jegudiel, Selaphiel, Uriel, and Barachiel. Holding Christ's orb is a Seraph, with two Cherubim besides.
Pantocrator of Christ (Hagia Sophia):
This mosaic, perhaps from the 12th century, is from the Hagia Sophia (the Church of the Holy Wisdom) in Constantinople (modern Istanbul, Turkey). After the fall of Byzantium to the Turks in 1453, the church was turned into an Islamic mosque and the holy icons were plastered over. Some of the images were uncovered in the early 20th century, including this mosaic.
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Famous Diamonds: The Hope Diamond
The 45.52 carat steel blue Hope Diamond was found in India back in remote times as a rough crystal weighing 112 carats. It first came to light when Jean Baptiste Tavernier, the noted French traveler of the 17th century, was approached in Indian by a slave who had a very secretive manner about him.
It turned out that he had in his possession an intriguing steel blue stone which at first look seemed to be a large sapphire, but the well-experienced Tavernier soon realized it was a diamond - the largest deep blue diamond in the world.
Tavernier's diagram of the Hope Diamond's 112-carat rough form.
Legend has it the diamond came from the eye of an idol in a temple on the Coleroon River in India. If that is so, one can only conjecture that the eye must have had a mate, but the fate of "the other eye" has never come to light. It would not be the first famous diamond that started it's notoriety in a religious idol. The Idol's Eye and the Orlov both came from idols, according to legend. Tavernier purchased the diamond and smuggled it to Paris, where he later sold it to King Louis XIV. It was cut there into a triangular-pear-shaped stone weighing 67.50 carats, and was then known as the French Blue or the Tavernier Blue.
The legends of the ill-fortune following the possessor of the Hope Diamond are many. From the start Louis XIV, for whom Louisiana was named by La Salle, who claimed the lower Mississippi in his name, (and was killed by his own men) had ill-fortune follow him, perhaps deservedly.
Louis XIV gave the diamond to Madame de Montespan, but she soon went into royal discard. Then came a day when a great festival was given in honor of the King. The Director of Finance, Nicolas Fouquet, had planned well for the occasion, hoping to impress the court. What matter if France was tottering on the brink of revolution, and the nation's finances none too stable? Was not he, Nicolas Fouquet, reputedly a wealthy man?
So he would borrow the diamond and the king, he though, would be pleased with such a man of impressively good taste. It didn't work out that way. After the party, Louis XIV had Nicolas arrested for embezzlement, regained the diamond, and Fouquet was made a prisoner of the Crown at the Fortress of Pignerol where he died 15 years later after plenty of time to contemplate the famous curse.
Other wearers of the diamond at the Court of France might well have given credence to the legendary curse. Princess de Lamballie, and Marie Antoinette whole followed, both were guillotined during the French Revolution.
The diamond disappeared, and for many years it was not heard from at all, but in 1830, a large steel blue diamond of a different shape, and weighing only 44.50 carats appeared on the market in England was purchased by Henry Thomas Hope, an English banker. In 1851 the diamond was shown at a London exhibition and was insured for a million dollars, an unbelievable amount of money for the time period, but then again, this was the largest diamond of its type in the world.
The diamond was later inherited by a descendant, Lord Francis Pelham Clinton Hope. His wife, formerly a prominent American actress, May Yohe, and a stage star at the beginning of the 20th century, ran away with another man. She died in Boston, Mass., in 1913, practically penniless and forgotten. She had little regard for the Hope Diamond, and wrote the then owner, Evalyn Walsh McLean, commenting unfavorably on the diamond and the misfortune of its owners. Lord Hope eventually went bankrupt and again, the diamond vanished, only to be discovered by the estate trustees after it had been sold as a piece of costume jewelry and lightly regarded.
The next owner of the Hope Diamond was Abdul Hamid II, Sultan of Turkey, Caliph of Israel, Prince of the Faithful, Master of the World (plus a few more lowly titles). His subjects called him Abdul the Damned and did not take lightly to his despotic rule. He squeezed $450,000 out of his subjects and paid the sum to a syndicate of diamond dealers. Then he gave the diamond to Subaya, one of the four wives and 233 concubines who shared his harem. She wore the diamond well, but not well enough, and started palace intrigue against the Sultan, who found out and had her executed.
One day, Mrs. Evalyn Walsh McLean attended a Turkish Court function and saw the famous blue diamond. She longed to possess it again. Years passed and finally Abdul realized that his subjects had some rights, and the pressures of the political system were upon him. He had the diamond smuggled to Paris to be sold. Meanwhile, he was dethroned and received not a penny for the diamond since the proceeds were seized by his successors in government. Mrs. McLean bought the stone in January, 1911 and frequently wore it at her famous Washington parties. In 1949, two years after her death, Harry Winston purchased the McLean collection which contained not only the Hope Diamond, but the Star of the East Diamond as well. He later gave the diamond to the nation, and it is now on display in Washington D.C.
The world contains many diamonds of great repute. But by all standards of comparison, for fame or infamy, no other jewel so captured the imagination as did the Hope Diamond and its predecessor the French Blue. Truly it is the Queen of the Court of Jewels.
In 1975, the diamond was removed from its setting to be cleaned and weighed. It turned out to actually weigh 45.52 carats rather than 44.50 carats, which is what was previously thought. Many people also believe the Hope Diamond is the largest blue diamond in the world, this isn't true, though. It's actually the 4th largest. It is however, the largest dark blue. The other larger blue diamonds are lighter shades.
Rubies and the unique Hope Diamond exhibits fluorescence which is an extremely unusual red. The stone emits a dim light under ultraviolet light, but when the light source is removed, the diamond produces brilliant red phosphorescence. No doubt this unique characteristic has influenced the legend of its curse.
In December of 1988, a team from the Gemological Institute of America visited the Smithsonian to grade the great blue stone according to present day techniques. They observed that the gem shows evidence of wear, has remarkably strong phosphorescence, and that its clarity is slightly affected by a whitish graining that is common to blue diamonds. They described the diamond color as fancy dark grayish-blue. In 1996, after another examination they described the color as fancy deep grayish-blue. An examination on the same day in 1988 by another gemologist using a very sensitive colorimeter revealed that there is a very slight violet component to the deep blue color which is imperceptible to the naked eye.
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A convention, originally formulated in 1950, aimed at protecting the human rights of all people in the member states of the Council of Europe. Part 1 of the Convention, together with a number of subsequent protocols, define the freedoms that each signatory state must guarantee to all within its jurisdiction, although states may derogate from the Convention in respect of particular activities (see derogation). The Convention established a Commission on Human Rights (now abolished) and a Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. The Court may hear complaints (known as petitions) by one state against another. It may also hear complaints by an individual, group, or nongovernmental organization claiming to be a victim of a breach of the Convention. The Court cannot deal with any complaint, however, unless the applicant has first tried remedies in the national courts. All complaints must be made not later than six months from the date on which the decision against the applicant was made in the national courts. The Court will only investigate a complaint if it is judged to fulfil various conditions that make it admissible. The Court has power to make a final ruling, which is binding on the parties, and in some cases to award compensation.
Despite the fact that the UK took perhaps the most significant part in writing and inspiring the Convention, and was the first to sign and to ratify it, the Convention articles only came into force in the UK on 2 October 2000. This followed the entry into force of the Human Rights Act1998.
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Open a web browser like Internet Explorer or Firefox. Enter the internal IP address of your router in the address bar of your browser.
If you do not know your routers internal IP address please read our How To Find Your Routers IP Address guide.
In the picture above the address bar has http://www.google.com in it. Just replace all of that with the internal IP address of your router. By default the IP address should be set to 192.168.1.254.
You should see a box prompting you for your username and password. Enter your username and password now. By default both the username and password are admin. Click the Ok button to log in to your router.Please visit our Default Router Passwords page if the username and password shown above do not work for you.
Click the Wireless Setup button near the left side of the page.
In the box called Channel, pick a random channel number. Channels make it so that you and your neighbors can use your own wireless networks without interfering with each other. By picking a random channel you reduce the chance of your neighbor using the same channel as you.
In the box called SSID put a name that you make up. You will need to remember this name because it will be used to connect to your wireless network. Do not make it obvious to guess, the network name should be difficult for your neighbors to guess. If you can not think of anything, simply use your first name.
Put a dot into the 128 Bits Encryption radio button.
Now put the key you made up in the box called 128 Bits Encryption Key.
When you're finished, click Next near the bottom of the screen to save your changes.
And that's it! You're done!
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Part 3 of a series
By John Earl
Poseidon Resources Inc.’s website claims that the desalination plant it wants to build in southeast Huntington Beach, at Newland and Beach avenues, will be a “cost-effective solution to provide residents with a safe and reliable water supply by using existing structures—at no cost to taxpayers.”
NOT THE VIRGIN MARY: The OC Voice took this photo of the city's new seal and later noticed the mysterious man in the background.
Elected officials who voted to approve the desalination plant three years ago have consistently echoed Poseidon’s claim: Poseidon would privately own and operate the plant for its own profit and for its investors—a strictly free market affair with no taxpayer investment or risk, they said.
City council representative Don Hansen praised the project’s supposed free market values to a crowded city council chamber before he gave Poseidon his vote along with three other council members, Keith Bohr, Gil Coerper and Cathy Green.
“My belief is that the market is going to drive the majority of these decisions. I truly believe that,” Hansen said.
If the Poseidon desalination plant is not profitable, he added, it “will never see the light of day. And it’s purely born on private investment dollars, the risk that they [Poseidon] are going to take.”
In a candidates’ debate last year, Hansen warned that “We’re going to need the water” and reassured again that “It’s not us building the plant. It’s all private investment.”
If all goes well for Poseidon, its Huntington Beach plant will produce 50 million gallons of drinking water per day by sometime in 2011. It still needs to obtain additional government permits and must work out a franchise agreement with the city first.
Poseidon plans to build an almost identical desalination plant in the city of Carlsbad. That project is further along in the permit process and if financing comes through it could start construction this summer. Poseidon’s CEOs dream of building large desalination plants at other California coastal locations as well.
Hansen’s appeal to the free market instincts of the voters is persuasive in a city where the call for smaller government is almost a religious doctrine. But attributing either Poseidon project to to free-market karma is misleading because the company could benefit from as much as $1 billion in taxpayer supplied subsidies that would make it easier for Poseidon to attract the private sector financing that it also needs but still lacks in order to build and operate the two plants. Continue Reading »
Posted in City Council, Costa Mesa, desalination, Environment, Fountain Valley, Huntington Beach, Orange County, water | Tagged California, Carlsbad, Coastal Act, commons, desalination, Don Hansen, Fountain Valley, free trade, George W. Bush, Huntington Beach, Huntington Beach city council, international treaties, Joe Geever, Lockheed, Mark Massara, Mexico, neo liberalism, Nicolay Voutchkov, Orange County, Poseidon Resources Inc., privatization, public ownership, Public Trust Doctrine, reclamation, Saline Water Act, Sandia, Sanitation District, Sierra Club, subsidies, Surfrider Foundation, toilet to tap, water, World Bank | 1 Comment »
By Joe Shaw
OC Voice Columnist
(This column was written in February, 2009)
California lost 600,000 jobs in January. The jobless rate in California is now 9.3 percent. Huntington Beach’s Quiksilver recently announced 150 layoffs in their workforce. Boeing laid off 64 local workers. Home Depot’s Expo Design Center and Circuit City is closing, leaving more workers without a job.
And Huntington Beach home sales remain down and foreclosures continue to edge up.
Perfect time for the HB City Council to create some jobs and help our small businesses, right? Wrong. A move by planning commissioners to remove a ban on human signs was rejected by the city council 5-2.
Why wouldn’t the council vote to lift one of the many rules and regulations that frustrate small business and cost them money? Why wouldn’t our city council support free trade, small business and creating jobs?
Councilman Don Hansen told the Los Angeles Times the signs were a “form of visual blight.”
Sounds like hypocrisy from the councilman who just named a realtor as his new planning commissioner. Ever driven around Huntington Beach on the weekends and seen all the real estate signs on every corner? Continue Reading »
Posted in City Council, Huntington Beach | Tagged Don Hansen, fees, free speech, home sales, homes, Huntington Beach, jobless rate, jobs, Joe Shaw, sales, sign spinners, small business, Surf City | 2 Comments »
By John Earl
ORIGINAL OWNERS: Charles Letterman and wife, Allie, with their two children, Gladys and Claude, standing in front of their downtown Huntington Beach home about 1901. Photo: Courtesy Susan Worthy
SUSAN WORTHY and her husband, Guy Guzardo, had been trying for decades to save and restore their small two-story, eastern-style, cottage and its accompanying large commercial building, both located at the corner of 6th and Walnut streets in downtown Huntington Beach. After years of fighting redevelopment politics and searching for funding, they began a full restoration of the two buildings about a year ago.
H.B. residents might appreciate their perseverance because the structures are extraordinary and vital to understanding the city’s history. The 1200 square foot house and the 5,000 square foot commercial building date prior to 1904, the year that electricity first came to the city and it officially took the name Huntington Beach.
Both buildings are in the National Register of Historical Places because they retain their original materials and structure (the Newland home is the city’s only other un-remodeled historical structure) and due to their direct connection to two of the city’s founding settlers-Matthew and Mollie Helme, Susan’s great grandparents.
“There’s nothing that looks like it in all of southern California,” Worthy says. Although small, the home started out with four bedrooms and an outside bathroom. In 1907 walls were knocked down to create two bedrooms. Today, one of those rooms is the bathroom, leaving only one bedroom. Continue Reading »
Posted in City Council, Historical places, Huntington Beach | Tagged Clark Hotel, Golden Bear, Huntington Beach, Huntington Beach downtown, M.E. Helme House Furnishing Co., Mollie Helme, National Register, Newland Home, Norman Worthy, redevelopment, Registry, restoration, Shirley Worthy, Susan Worthy, Western false front | Leave a Comment »
Sarah S. Mosko
For the nine in ten Americans who know next to nothing about nanotechnology (NT), there is little time to waste in getting up to speed because, ready or not, the NT revolution is well underway with new nano-engineered consumer products entering the market weekly.
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes exhibit unique properties. Photo courtesy of PEN.
Another reason, as voiced by consumer protection, health, and environmental organizations, is that NT products are being sold without adequate safety testing and government oversight.
The actual number of NT products in commerce is unknown because there is no labeling or reporting requirement, but over 800 have been tabulated by the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies (PEN), an online inventory of manufacturer-identified NT goods funded by the Pew Charitable Trusts.
In 2007, at least $147 billion in global manufactured goods incorporated NT, encompassing such varied products as cosmetics, clothing, food, food packaging, and dietary supplements. PEN estimates that figure will reach $2.6 trillion by 2014. Continue Reading »
Posted in Environment, Green Living | Tagged nanoparticles, nanoscale, nanotechnology, NT, safety | 2 Comments »
By Sara Mosko
Surfing might seem like an earth-friendly sport, but a closer look reveals that the environmental impact may be more than you realize. Photo c1967 at Old Man’s Beach, San Clemente, California.
At first glance, surfing might seem like an inherently earth-friendly sport. Surfers paddle out and catch waves by sheer force of will and muscle. No need for fossil fuel-burning speed boats to get around. And, surfers have a reputation for caring about ocean pollution.
But a closer look reveals that, like most human activities, the environmental impact is far from nil and, consequently, there’s a nascent movement within the surfing industry to clean up it its act.
The bare necessities of surfing are surfboard, wetsuit, good waves and wheels to and fro. The waves are courtesy of Mother Nature, but the choices surfers make to otherwise outfit themselves determine the toll on the environment.
Lightweight polyurethane (PU) boards swathed in fiberglass cloth and polyester resin have been the industry mainstay since heavy wood boards were ditched in the 1950s. Because both PU and polyester are petrochemicals, the enviro impact starts with environmental degradation during petroleum extraction.
Then there’s the emission of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) during PU synthesis from two petrochemicals-a ’polyol’ plus a highly volatile and toxic compound called TID. The foam molding stage eats up plenty of energy and more air polluting VOCs are given off when the board is glassed. Continue Reading »
Posted in Environment, Green Living | Tagged Entropy Surfboards, Environment, epoxy resin, foam, green, green surfing, Hawaiian, Huntington Beach, Ice-Nine, lifestyle, ocean, paulownia wood, polyurethane, Santa Monica, surfboards, surfing, VOCs, volatile organic chemicals, waves, wetsuit | 2 Comments »
Part 2 of a series.
By John Earl
Huntington Beach City Councilmember Don Hansen reassured the public. “I’m actually pretty comfortable having a private company potentially evaluate the dedication of a source for our future water supply,” he said.
That was three years ago at a city council meeting when Hansen and three other council members, Cathy Green, Gil Coerper and Keith Bohr (now Mayor Bohr) voted to allow Poseidon Resources Inc. to build a desalination plant at the corner of Newland and Beach avenues in southeast Huntington Beach.
If all goes according to plan, the facility would convert 127 million gallons of seawater into 50 million gallons of fresh drinking water every day of the year. The city would have the option of buying up to 3.5 million gallons of that water at a discount compared to the cost of imported water (two-thirds of the city’s water comes from ground wells, its cheapest source of water). The rest would be distributed throughout the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC), in theory, to provide a guaranteed water source to help offset drought conditions in the state.
The plant still needs approval from the State Lands Commission and the California Coastal Commission and Poseidon still lacks the private and public financing needed to build and operate, although Poseidon officials say that all are forthcoming (see Part 1).
No matter if the Huntington Beach desalination plant fails, Bohr said, because the burden will be strictly Poseidon’s. “We’re not hiring Poseidon, so there’s no risk,” he told hundreds of people packed tightly into the city council chambers. “If it fails, it doesn’t cost us anything.”
But Poseidon’s facility in Tampa Bay, Florida, it’s first (and failed) attempt to build and operate a desalination plant, is used by opponents to argue against building the Huntington Beach desalination plant.
The Tampa Bay desalination plant, about half the size of the one planned for Huntington Beach, has operated improperly if at all since it opened in 2003. Continue Reading »
Posted in Uncategorized | Tagged desalination, Don Hansen, Keith Bohr, Poseidon Resources, Tampa Bay | 4 Comments »
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Photo: Jatco Nisson coming to Mexico
Jatco, a unit of Japanese automaker Nissan, said it planned to build a $220 million plant in western Mexico to manufacture 400,000 automobile transmissions annually.
The plant will be constructed at the Aguascalientes 2 industrial park, with groundbreaking expected in the summer of 2014, Jatco Mexico executives said during a ceremony at the Los Pinos presidential residence in Mexico City.
Some 800,000 automatic and semiautomatic continuously variable transmissions (CVT) have been produced at the Aguascalientes plant since 2003, the Japanese company said.
The new plant is expected to help boost annual production capacity for transmissions to 1.7 million units by 2016, Jatco Mexico said.
The new facility will give “an important boost to manufacturing operations at Nissan’s second complex in Aguascalientes, where production is expected to start in late 2013,” the company said.
Jatco’s decision to build the plant “is good news” and reflects investor confidence in Mexico, President Enrique Peña Nieto said.
The automotive industry accounts for 20 percent of Mexico’s manufacturing gross domestic product, bolstering economic development efforts in the country, Peña Nieto said.
The new Jatco plant is expected to create 1,200 jobs, the president said.
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Why can’t you use fresh pineapple to make Jell-o?
Pineapple, kiwi and papaya all contain proteolytic enzymes, in other words enzymes capable of breaking down protein molecules. And gelatin, the substance that makes Jell-O gel, is a protein. Gelatin doesn’t actually occur in nature, it is made from collagen, a protein in great abundance in animal tissues, bones and skin. When bones, hides or hooves are treated with either acid or alkali, the intertwined protein chains that make up collagen unravel and set up the three-dimensional partially cross-linked structure of gelatin. Gelatin dissolves in warm water but as the water cools, the gelatin molecules form a network that traps water, resulting in a gel.
Of course should the gelatin molecules be broken down, no three dimensional array can form and there can be no gelling. Bromolain in pineapple, papain in papaya and actinidin in kiwi are all enzymes capable of breaking down proteins, hence the warning that these fruits cannot be used in Jell-O. But canned fruits are fine because the pasteurization process they undergo destroys the proteolytic enzymes. Interestingly, there is another way to destroy these enzymes. Add chilli pepper to the mix! A chemical in chilli, possibly capsaicin, has the same effect on enzymes as does heat. So you can make pineapple Jell-O with fresh fruit as long as you don’t mind a little chilli flavor. Probably wouldn’t go over well with the kids.
While we want to avoid the action of proteolytic enzymes in making gelatin desserts, we welcome this activity when it comes to tenderizing meat. A time-honoured way of softening tough meat is to wrap it in papaya leaves. Papain from the papaya breaks down collagen and softens the meat. Meat can also be tenderized by sprinkling it with a commercial preparation of papain or bromolain or by marinating it in pineapple juice. Of course in this case the pineapple juice cannot be pasteurized. Jell-O is an all American dessert, first patented in 1845 by Peter Cooper but it took some fifty years for this easy –to-make dessert to find its way into the hearts of the public. It also found its way into serving dishes on Ellis Island, the entry place for many immigrants into the U.S. The newcomers were served a bowl of Jell-O as an introduction to America. One wonders what they thought of this curious mix of water, sugar, gelatin, adipic acid, artificial flavour, disodium phosphate, sodium citrate, fumaric acid and red dye number 40. Welcome to America!
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GASCONY, a duchy under English rule from 1152 to 1453, and later (with Guyenne) a province of the kingdom of France. There have been Jews in Gascony from at least the fourth century, especially in *Bordeaux. From 1242 or earlier the English ruler appointed special judges over the Jews, who were particularly numerous in *Agen and its vicinity. A first expulsion order was issued in 1289, even before the expulsion from England itself. Debts owing to the Jews were confiscated and collected at half their value for the king's treasury. Royal agents were appointed to seize the Jews and their belongings. However, the expulsion order was not vigorously enforced or rapidly became obsolete, for in 1292 there were again Jews in Gascony; the king ordered their expulsion once more. In 1305 they returned and must this time have obtained official authorization since in 1308 a judge was again in charge of Jewish affairs. A further expulsion order followed in 1310, which was repeated in 1313 and 1316. However, there were Jews in Gascony in 1320, when they were massacred by the *Pastoureaux. Some Jews were still found in Bordeaux until at least 1362. Jews bearing the surname of Gascon may have originated from there. Marrano refugees from Spain took refuge in this region from the close of the 15th century. Through them the Bordeaux community later became important again.
Gross, Gal Jud, 144–5; E. Gaullieur, in: REJ, 11 (1885), 78–100; I. Rosenthal, in: PAAJR, 26 (1957), 127–34; Ch. Bemond and Y. Renouard (eds.), Rôles Gascons, 2 (1900), nos. 1067, 1128, 1181, 1192; 3 (1906), nos. 2054, 4786; 4 (1962), nos. 246, 488, 489, 490, 1127, 1138, 1233, 1670; Ch. Samaran, La Gascogne dans… Trésor des Chartes (1966), nos. 43, 44, 428; H.G. Richardson, English Jewry under Angevin Kings (1960), 225–7, 232–3.
Source: Encyclopaedia Judaica. © 2008 The Gale Group. All Rights Reserved.
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Today we are talking about black magick. Everybody knows about the concept, and everybody seems to have a different idea of what it is and what it is about. What are your thoughts on black magick?
You mean as a practicing witch? Certainly, if that is your point of view.
White/ black/ red/ gray magic, different aspects of how we utilize our energy. Or if you favor the Native American model, white/ black/ yellow/ red.
Black being the taking form? Taking, giving, doing, thinking.
It’s centered on the principle of destruction? Any spell can be destructive if you aren’t skilled in using it well. We will explore that in this topic.
These views are a part of black magick, yes. How many fear it’s creepy?
Fear is healthy though, keeps you from burning your lab down. Fear can be healthy. Beating heart is healthy too, but if it beats too hard or too fast it can kill you.
Though magick is not by itself a religion, it still involves an element of theological understanding. This is all magick, not just black. Ultimately, theology is the branch of philosophy that tries to answer the “god” question and the relating questions around that. The god question being, “Is there a god?” It is not necessarily a simple yes or no question. One former branch of magick more or less answers the question that there is no god. It was originally called natural philosophy, but we now call it science. There are many schools, and by school I mean philosophy, and many of them answer the god question positively. That there is indeed a god and god is good.
Does science always seek one simple answer or can there be compromises? Ultimately, science seeks the most reduced answer. So with its current state and structure, they always try for one answer and one only.
Magick itself is both an art and a science. The insights and wisdom and other lore of magick are focused on effective ways of dealing with the world, which means there has to be a useful outcome even if it’s just that you learn something in thinking about it and are calmer after practising it. But magick is also an art in that the outcome you determine to achieve is considered a valid and “true” result. An answer I can accept is a valid answer in magick. One that speaks to me personally is good.
What do you mean by a valid and true result? Well, example. Some would say preparing a potato so its burned on the outside is a bad outcome. It isn’t what they desire. For others that is the intended outcome. The charring alters the flavor of the potato in a way they want. So to bring that back to magick, when you arrive at an outcome that satisfies your personal needs, you were successful at magick.
So it is all about personal needs? That and by extension the needs of life. It can be about helping others as well. Science could really use a return to the personal orientation. In worshipping their “is-not-god”, they have done wonders for harming our earth.
Your thoughts are welcome. Be well friends.
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Now on to some test-results!
The material I shot is not as broad as with the Sigmas, as the Tamron seems to be lacking from the very first shots. But you have to be careful not to throw the baby out with the bathtub. There are some good sides of this lens picture-wise in addition to it being the cheapest and lightest of the tested lenses and the second shortest.
So here we go:
My favorite shot is trees against the sky as the harsh contrast easily shows color-fringing and the fine structures are a good measure for sharpness. They are also sufficiently far away for a wide-angle lens so as not to bother about focus. Following is a shot taken at 11mm f8 1/125sec with two red rectangles marking the places where the 100% crops were taken:
Crops reproduced at 100% (259x387)
As you can see, the centre crop is quite sharp and "fringe-free" but the quality deteriorates markedly in the outer 10% of the pic. You see strong color-fringing and the evaluation of sharpness is a little influenced by this. But if you look at the twigs from the leaves, you can see some of them quite clearly. So perhaps sharpness is not too bad were it not overlayed by fringing...
But remember that this a shot at f8. In the next section we'll scrutinize sharpness (and fringing) at wide open aperture, that should turn the heat on a little...
Let's have a look now on a "lab"-shot featuring the famous "Siemens-stars" and taken at 11mm f4.5 1/3000sec:
Followed again by a 100% centre-crop and crop from the upper right corner (which is not the same corner as in the previous pictures because we're are now shooting in landscape format!)
Once again you see strong color fringing at the corner-crop but now we can start to look also at sharpness. For this you have to concentrate on the center of the Siemens-star and evaluate the diameter of the inner-most zone, where the individual lines blur completely to form a "grey disk
When I put my ruler to the screen to measure the diameter of the grey disk I get 9-12mm at the corner-crop and around 6mm at center-crop. That means: corner-resolution of this lens at 11mm wide open is only 50-67% of centre-res
DISCLAIMER: On your screen you may measure other absolute values, but the ratio should be similar!
If you look closely at the grey disk of the corner-crop you can clearly see that it is not a perfect circle but more of a skewed figure 8. That means that a line running from the centre of the whole pic through the Siemens-star in the corner (sagittal
) is resolved (30%) sharper than a line rectangular to it (meridional
This is why you see two different lines in most MTF-diagrams, the sagittal normaly solid and the meridional line dotted
If someone wants to impress you with the quality of only one of those lines, forget it! Always look at the values in a MTF-diagram that are the minimum
of the two lines: because you never know which way the twigs are oriented
Now onto the next part. A full close-up
shot of the Siemens-star, to determin the IQ under these circumstances. I often wonder why nobody is showing lens-quality at magnification of near 1:10. So here is a world first (at least at Camera Labs
If you have your ruler still handy and click through to the original size, you can measure the grey disk in the centre star at approx. 6mm again. So no big deal here: centre-sharpness for close objects is as good as sharpness at infinity. If you measure the little stars in the corners (well not really in the corners) you get around 7-8mm grey disk with not much deviation from corner to corner (which is proof that I had the camera adjusted well and the lens is not obviously decentered.
Well now up to the last test: The "white-dwarf
". What am I trying to accomplish here? I just wanted to show you how sensitive this lens is to contra light under controlled (well, almost controlled) conditions. So here we go...
What did I do? Pull down the shades, picked up my trusty olde mini Maglite LED and shone it at different angles directly into the lens. Before, I made sure that the exposure of the otherwise dark room was not influence by the "white dwarf". What I'll show you is a typical and a worst case and make some comments on what you can expect. The full gory details are in flickr, wibble over here
. I made shots at 11mm and 18mm wide open. If you close the aperture, some of the ghost images become more pronounced and sharper but not so large (some of them are images of the aperture itself!).
Well, I was positively surprised, ghost and flare were no big deal with this lens, even when shooting straight in the "sun"
The first shot is @11f4.5, the second @18f5.6.
Would I buy this lens? Well, not really! The fringing in the corners it pretty prominent, there are better lenses out there (the Sigma 10-20mm). If you think about investing 360€ in this lens, think again: The Sigma is only 460€...
Can you make great photos with this lens? Sure! Great photos don't depend on color-fringing! The one shot that I love most with this lens is here
, although it's far from beeing a "great" photo!
Ah well, I forgot about geometric distortions
and light fall-off
: that's because I definitely would not
decide for or against a lens based on these two factors. Light fall-off can be viewed at my photos and for geometrically inclined there are two very special shots: @11mm f4.5
and @18mm f16
. They also show corner-(un)sharpness quite beautifully. Have fun!
So that's it boys and gals! Phew, I'm pretty much exhausted myself. Now start the Flak...
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Copyright 2013 James Marsh
Fly Fishing Big Cove Creek
Big Cove Creek begins on Cove Mountain, just outside
the Buchanan State Forest. It flows between Cove
Mountain and Scrub Ridge. U.S. Route #522 follows
along most of this section. Not far from its beginning it
passes through McConnellsburg.
This creek has several tributary streams that also
provide good fishing. At the confluence of Buck Run, a
tributary stream, it flows in a narrow valley where it also
receives water from Roaring Run and Spring Run. From
Big Cove Tannery downstream, State Route #928
follows the creek. Ester Run comes into the stream at
Dickeys Mountain and Lowery Knob. From there it
travels through Buchanan State Forest. Big Cove Creek
terminates at Licking Creek. Fly fishing Big Cove Creek
in its lower section can be very rewarding.
Big Cove Creek is really like two different streams. Its
upper section flows through an open meadow and
usually gets too warm during the Summer. The section
below Big Cove Tannery stays much cooler due to water
from downstream spring creek tributaries and a good
canopy of tree limbs. Both Spring Run and Spring Creek
have water that is usually in the sixties at its highest.
This helps cool Big Cove Creek for a couple of miles
below their confluence. The creek is thirty to fifty feet
wide in this area with some sections of long riffles, some
runs and some pools. Much of the creek is
supplemented with stocked trout.
For some reason, this creek is fished very little. It has a
good population of brown and rainbow trout with some
stream-born browns and plenty of holdovers, especially
in the tributaries. There is a "Delayed Harvest" section
from that extends from 200 yards downstream of the
State Road 0928 Bridge downstream to the lower
Buchanan State Forest boundary.
The season is the general Pennsylvania trout season.
Springtime is the best time for fly fishing Big Cove Creek
due to the hatches.
Summertime is okay except for the hottest days.
Fall is the best time to catch the larger brown trout
Wintertime can be tough and the water can be frozen in
Fly Fishing Gear, Tackle and Trout Flies
Big Cove Creek Pennsylvania
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allow up to 24 hours for a response.
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3. Call or email us with a budget for
flies and we will select them and get
them to you in time for your trip.
Shipping is free in the U. S. Orders
over $50 are shipped Priority Mail.
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You've made it to Friday! Here are more tips for your natural and financial disaster plans.
2. Maybe you live in a state where tornadoes frequently touch down -- a scary menace, indeed. Bankrate has tips on what insurance you should consider and how to financially survive a twister.
3. You don't have to live in a flood zone to need flood insurance. Here's what to know.
4. This writer causes a different kind of flood -- tears running down the faces of millions of ladies. Nicholas Sparks talks about what he chooses to splurge on (hint: It's romantic).
5. Hopefully, a disaster doesn't lead to the zombie apocalypse. Just in case, Bank of America is putting zombies to sleep.
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One of landscape design’s most enchanting concepts is the element of surprise. When a garden is divided, it gives visitors a sense of discovery as they pass from one section to the next, each space revealing its individual charms, season after season. Early 20th-century English gardens, like the renowned Sissinghurst Castle Gardens, are a perfect example. The gardens are divided into “rooms” created by hedges or walls covered in climbing plants, each having their own theme and specific purpose. And because the real boundaries of the entire space aren’t revealed to people strolling through, the only discernible limits are those of the garden rooms. You can use the same technique in your own backyard without undertaking a massive construction project: some clear paths, distinct areas and growing walls will do the trick.
1. Plotting the path
There are two main things to consider when designing pathways: first, providing efficient access from one area to another (pathways will need to be wide enough to accommodate a wheelbarrow or lawn mower) and second, creating visually appealing pathways between your garden rooms. This latter task means you’ll want to include decorative features that are visible in both directions along the main pathway.
If your property is large enough, consider putting in a secondary pathway that offers better access to your garden shed or vegetable patch, for example. Well camouflaged behind shrubbery or flowerbeds, this secondary path typically runs along the far side of the yard. The “doorways” that separate each section can be made with a simple opening in a hedge embellished with a few seasonal containers or reinforced by an arbour draped in vines. Traditionally, these structures are used to enhance the entryway to areas designed to be more secluded and intimate.
2. Dividing the space
One of the simplest ways to divvy up your yard is to allot space to three basic tasks: a place for eating and relaxing, a grassy spot for play and a work or storage area. Functionally speaking, these are the most common backyard activities, but the square footage given to each is rarely well defined. Delineating the areas with hedges and plantings gives each space its own distinct boundaries. Be sure to also consider ways to conceal the yard’s outer perimeter from view. Trees, large shrubs and hedges are an attractive alternative to fences and provide textural interest.
Image: A "doorway" was created by flanking the pathway with wooden trellises. The change in flooring material also suggests that you’re entering into a different area.
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The trend was powered by a mix of good and bad news.
On one hand, the tight budgets plaguing governments loosened a bit, with a handful of states even reporting revenue surpluses this year. Furthermore, multiple rounds of consolidation really did squeeze significant expense from government IT operations. So state and local governments not only began breathing easier, some also started considering what to do with their newly strengthened and standardized technology foundations.
That bit of good news dovetailed with the sobering notion that challenges facing all levels of government are simply too large to solve without an unprecedented amount of IT-powered reform.
Meeting the Challenge
If comments from the National Association of State Chief Information Officers (NASCIO) annual meeting in October were any indication, government CIOs seem ready for the task.
California CIO J. Clark Kelso acknowledged a laundry list of critical issues facing public officials, then confidently predicted that IT would help solve them.
"I can't dispute the demographics, but let's be optimistic," said Kelso. "Health-care costs look bad -- but other countries have solved it. We will too, and IT will help.
"Revenue looks bad, but ultimately we'll figure out how to tax knowledge transactions," he added. "IT can't fix these problems alone, but IT has to be involved in the transformation. And the transformation will happen because the public expects it to happen."
Former Washington CIO Steve Kolodney, widely considered the godfather of e-government, predicted growing IT interest among elected officials and policymakers.
"All the talk has been about consolidation and cost cutting, but I think that's about to change," he told NASCIO attendees. "There's a wave building that's pushing state and local officials toward the idea that something profound needs to happen."
Spiraling health-care costs, global economic threats, and citizen demands for efficient and accountable government all conspire to put technology back on the front burner for politicians, said Kolodney.
"Changing government will become a key campaign issue," he said.
Turning Up the Heat
The idea of using technology to change government started to play out in several ways during 2005.
Michigan Gov. Jennifer Granholm made technical innovation the cornerstone of her plan to revitalize the state's moribund economy.
California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger included a healthy dose of IT reforms in his California Performance Review, a high-profile study of state government operations.
And rumors are swirling that Virginia Gov. Mark Warner -- who compiled a stellar list of IT accomplishments during four years in office -- may make a presidential bid in 2008.
At the local level, the mayors of Philadelphia and San Francisco launched plans for citywide wireless networks designed to support government operations, and give citizens and businesses low-cost Internet access they deem vital to economic success. Now it's up to CIOs such as Philadelphia's Dianah Neff to make these visions a success.
As IT projects reclaimed a higher profile, however, they did so with a crucial difference: This time the technology is grown up. The dot-com boom of the late 1990s spawned e-government projects motivated by the novelty of being online; today's governments are better at using technology to meet real requirements.
Now when technology leaders such as Michigan CIO Teri Takai, New York City CIO Gino Menchini and Texas CIO Larry Olson talk about technology, they do so in terms of achieving policy goals or business outcomes -- and
You may use or reference this story with attribution and a link to
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Knowledge, encouragement, and support: Helping a new mom breastfeedPosted June 21st, 2012 by Ashley Boyd
For several years, new mothers who receive support through the WIC (Women, Infants and Children) program have been getting exactly this type of breastfeeding support and information through peer counselors. For women who live in communities where breastfeeding rates are low, these peer counselors may be the only person they can turn to for breastfeeding advice and support. And once these new mothers become comfortable with breastfeeding, they may become trusted resources in their own communities to help their friends in the future.
Makes sense, right?
Unbelievably, this low-budget, common sense peer breastfeeding support program is under direct attack–and time is tight to save it.
Who’s attacking? The U.S. House Committee on Appropriations has passed a Agriculture, Rural Development, FDA and Related Agencies 2013 budget bill that no longer provides dedicated funding for WIC breastfeeding peer counselors. We still have time to turn this around!
*Take action now to urge Congress to continue to support the WIC peer counseling program!
Time is tight – we need to act quickly! The full House of Representatives will be reviewing the budget bill and making changes to it next week. We’ll deliver your signatures on our petition directly to the House of Representatives as they begin debate on this issue. And we’ll use your actions to bring this issue to the media to double our impact.
Here are three quick reasons why we need to stand up for the WIC peer counseling program:
* It works! WIC estimates that women who attend its breastfeeding support groups are twice as likely to plan to breastfeed as those who don’t. Twice as likely!
* WIC’s annual spending on infant formula is over 14 times more ($850 million in 2009) than the modest request of just $60 million for breastfeeding peer counselors. If more women get the support they need to breastfeed, WIC and taxpayers will save money in expensive formula costs in the long run.
* Every one of us has a stake in encouraging new moms to breastfeed because breastfeeding helps prevent many costly chronic diseases in mothers and children and acute illnesses in infants. If 90% of U.S. mothers exclusively breastfed to six months according to medical recommendations, the nation could save $13 billion in health care costs and prevent the loss of 911 lives per year.
*Take a moment to help preserve this critical program and stand up for new mothers: http://action.momsrising.org/letter/WICPeerBreastfeeding/
After you take action, please take a minute to forward this email to friends, family and your parent listservs so many more can take action too!
Together we are a powerful voice for children and families.
Huffington Post
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain), the sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe
Staffordshire ( or; abbreviated Staffs), the landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England
Great Britain (informally Britain), the island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe
England, the region of the United Kingdom
Europe (the traditional continent starting at the Atlantic and ending at the Ural mountains in Russia)
Assuming you meant
Did you mean?
Evi, is our best selling mobile app that turns your phone into a mobile assistant. Over the next few months we will be adding all of Evi's power including local information on shopping, restaurants and more... to this site.
Until then, to experience all of the power of Evi now, download the Evi app for iOS or Android here.
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After years of attending seminars and reading articles you have been brow-beaten into believing client/server design has advantages over the monoliths companies typically create. Now what? How do you design a server? How do you design its interface and how do clients communicate with it?
Client/server systems are not just for databases. Client/server design has real and immediate benefits to software developers, regardless the size of your system. This paper's purpose is to demystify client/server by examining the design and technological considerations of building your own client/server systems. This paper is not theory based, but instead is the result of the development and implementation of over 20 multipurpose client/server systems.
First, it's important to realize client/server is not a new software paradigm, as much as consultants and trade magazines would like you to believe it is. It is one step on an evolutionary path to distributed computing. Understanding where it came from will explain its purpose and increase your ability to exploit it.
To see why it exists, let's tour its ancestry first: structured programming, modular design, static libraries, runtime libraries, and inter-process communications and networks.
Structured programming, thought by many to be the sole providence of PASCAL, was one of the first steps to organize programs into discrete blocks of code that flowed from one to another, eliminating what is still referred to as spaghetti code (a single noodle winding itself around an algorithm for which debugging is analogous to sucking one end of the noodle until the other is liberated, but not nearly as gourmet). To encourage structured programming, many third-generation languages like BASIC included control-of-flow statements into the language itself, making constructs like loops, ifs, and if-elses part of the language grammar. Even so, computer programs were still written as self-contained entities responsible for all their own services, basically everything between the user's monitor and the computer hardware.
It wasn't long (read: hours) that programmers discovered many of the functions required in one program were needed in many, and rather than re-code the function each time, it was easier to include the templates of the function in the source code. It made more sense to use Joe's code for calculating SINs and ARCs, because Joe's code worked, than it did to write your own.
Eventually, computer hardware manufacturers added instructions to computer chips to simplify jumping from one code segment to another and returning where you started; functions invoked this way are often called subroutines. Fortran, another computer language, includes many mathematical functions into the language itself-these are called intrinsic functions.
The whole modularization of code continued by leaving each function in its own file and letting another program link them all into the final program. This process is called linking or binding.
Static libraries are collections of functions with a similar theme, like math or screen IO, in a single file called a library. This made linking faster and easier. For developers, distributing (publishing) and controlling libraries was easier than distributing and controlling hundreds of subroutines. Unfortunately, fixing or improving a library started a chain reaction:
- fix/improve the module
- rebuild the library
- relink all programs that used the function with the new library
- re-test all programs linked with the new library
- re-distribute the new programs
Although libraries improved the process, there was still much to be desired.
Static libraries were linked with the program before the program was executed (run) by the user. Dynamic libraries, also called runtime libraries, are linked with the program immediately after (or simultaneous with) the program being executed. Now, the code in the library may be independently modified from the application as long as the interface between them remains unchanged. This means libraries can be repaired or improved without modifying or relinking (statically) the application. In fact, once they were separated from the application, major changes could be made.
Although there was still a chain reaction, it was smaller and included fewer files:
- fix/improve the module
- rebuild the library
- re-test the programs
- distribute the new library
When modules are linked together, either statically or dynamically, they share the same logical address space. The logical address space is the memory programs use to store code and data. For one module to call another, only the address of the next piece of code needs to be changed. Interprocess communications (IPCs) and Remote procedure calls (RPCs) are mechanisms that allow a program in one address space to invoke functions from another in a separate address space. Since IPCs and RPCs are messages (similar to e-mail) and messages can travel over networks, the second program doesn't even need to be on the same computer as the first-it only has to be on the same network. This is the corner-stone of client/server computing. Client/Server is the natural, evolutionary maturation of dynamic libraries.
The exciting potential of Client/Server programming is just now being realized as businesses begin to install networks. Libraries, running as processes (servers) anywhere on the network have become specialized into database, transaction, and output services, to name a few. Now, instead of simply reusing code we reuse entire processes.
Windows and OS/2 both use the filename extensions .LIB and .DLL to denote static and dynamic libraries respectively. Both also have several flavors of IPCs. The main limitation of Windows (prior to '95 and NT) is the absence of truly separate address spaces for programs (DOS limitation). This allows an errant word processor or spreadsheet to pollute the entire machine, forcing the user to reboot Windows and sometimes the whole computer. Because OS/2, 95, and NT actually uses true logical address spaces, a program's attempt to address memory it doesn't own (memory outside its logical address space) causes a trap that is handled by the operating system and the offending program is the only one terminated. The rest of the machine remains uninfected.
UNIX has several IPC mechanisms as well as protected logical address spaces for programs. It is difficult for an unprivileged program to crash the operating system. Because of these features, client/server systems are typically more reliable on OS/2, Windows NT, and UNIX, than Windows. Another advantage UNIX (and other more robust operating systems) has is its maturity. Flavors of UNIX have been around since the early '70s and have been steadily improved since.
The benefits of client/server design to end-users have been trumpeted for years. But the benefits aren't lopsided in end-users' favor. There are benefits to developers as well.
Because server routines are separated (physically) from application code, there is a reduced chance of one corrupting the other. This is not the case with static or runtime libraries. Libraries eventually share the same logical address space with the application, risking the traumas of wayward pointer manipulation. Servers, however, are insulated-running as their own process in their own address space and, quite frequently, on their own machine. In the case of machine failure, redundant servers elsewhere on the network (along with the necessary error-recovery code in the RPC library) can continue processing client requests, all transparent to end-users.
In many software projects, bugs are found at a rate proportional to their use. The more a function is used the more likely each of its logic branches will be taken. Additionally, the longer a process runs the more likely memory leaks and other wear-items are likely to be discovered. Server processes epitomize both scenarios: they are frequently used and run for a long time. Both of these features commonly yield more bugs in the development and testing phase than typical, library-only systems-saving developers grief and agony by finding bugs early before customers do.
RPCs provide as much protection to servers as they do clients. More so, in fact, if access security is implemented. Logon security is an important firewall to database, transaction, and mail servers.
Instead of porting your entire system, you can port just the client software or the server software. To get into new markets or new platforms your whole application doesn't have to move, just the part you want to move. This is where the concept of software plumbing originates.
To penetrate markets typically inaccessible to you because of incompatible hardware, it's much easier to introduce a small, self-contained, black box than it is to convert their accounting system to your technology or your software to theirs. Making the leap onto your software is now far less a financial risk (in terms of time and money) than would normally be the case.
Server software also allows aggressive software companies to develop interfaces that resemble their competitors' interfaces, but use their own back-end.
Organizations are typically less opposed to new hardware being introduced into their shops than they are to converting their database.
Once a standard interface is created, any number of client applications can be connected to it. If the developer wanted, and if the interface was designed well-enough, the interface could be published-inviting third parties to develop front-ends for your server. A thriving third party market will give your system the staying power and momentum your competitors don't have.
If you develop multiple servers with identical interfaces, (ex. ASCII-based) a single front-end application could attach to each of them providing an immediate, interactive test harness.
Easier Software Distribution
If your company distributes both client and server software to networked environments, imagine the ease of upgrading customers systems by simply loading the server onto a single machine. This isn't unlike the benefits of using runtime libraries; except runtimes must be loaded onto each machine where software that uses them will run.
Easier to Debug
Servers are incredibly easy to debug. Because they are independent from applications, they can be started under a debugger (or attached to by a debugger) without changing the client's environment.
Because of the way servers are traditionally designed, a breakpoint can be set at the entry to the server to catch all requests from all clients. This is also a great place to put logging routines.
Easier to Support
Because the server is separated from applications, support personnel don't have to be as concerned about the applications. They can focus on the server and the diagnostics available and ignore the application (until the process of elimination proves the problem is not the server's).
Because servers are typically an end-point to multiple clients, they are also the best place to collect statistical information about the system. How many clients have been on? How many are on now? What is the average response time? What's been the slowest response time? What are the clients doing now? Since you can't tune what you can't measure, servers are a great place to start measuring since it can all be collected at one spot.
Real business reasons are needed to fund new development. There are more than a few economic reasons to begin implementing client/server designs, and they are more than superficial.
Two main financial reasons to develop client/server systems follow a similar theme: first, for new systems, lowering the cost of entry-level client systems and then to preserve investments in equipment already purchased.
Desktop Workstations-By moving much of the heavier processing to servers that have the capacity to support it, client machines don't require as powerful a CPU, as much memory, the disk space, or even special hardware that is available on the server. It is also quite possible that the client machines may be dumb terminals or PC- like devices on which developers don't care to or cannot develop sophisticated software.
If there already exists a large inventory of older PCs (either yours or your client's), for the cost of a network card these boxes may benefit from the processing power/functionality of the server.
Alternatively, if they're still too cheap to invest in network cards, some software for communicating over the serial or parallel ports could do the trick. Even at the falling prices of newer hardware, some controllers may still be reluctant to give-up the old. A cost justification for developing serial communications vs. installing network cards would be prudent.
According to most publications (technical and non-technical) the number of client/server success stories is far out-numbered by client/server failures. This is not surprising considering two things: the common belief client/server applies strictly to database and GUIs, and when it does work it provides a decided advantage to the succeeding company who is not about to share their strategy with competitors. This also accounts for many consulting organization's announcements of client/server's low-acceptance and premature death. Interestingly, the second point accounts for the myth that client/server is new-companies employing it back in the '70s weren't running ads or writing articles about their designs for fear they'd lose the advantage they'd just created.
Consider a typical scenario: a company is trying to downsize by porting applications from the mainframe to "client/server." However they go about it and whatever tools they end up using (CASE or otherwise), two tasks are initiated: converting the database into a relational model and developing user-friendly front- ends for end-users. If they're assisted by an "experienced" consultant, they may even have used separate hardware architectures for the two sides-thereby implementing textbook client/server at both the hardware and software levels. Right?
When it's boiled down to that, it's easy to see why the expected benefits were rarely achieved. They basically re-created the same programs, but now they constructed them on two machines often using two operating systems and with new database technology. Even if these aren't the only reasons, they certainly contribute to potential failures.
Clearly, client/server programming is not rocket science. Reports of its sophistication and complexity have been exaggerated. Considering where client/server came from, it's easy to understand what it is and how it's used.
The next step to client/server's demystification is the realization that client-server relationships and interfaces exist all around you. The more easily you recognize these relationships in your everyday life the easier it is to recognize them in software.
- A man goes to a local diner and sits at his favorite booth. He picks up the menu and selects his lunch choice. The waiter writes-down his order and retreats to the kitchen, leaving the order with the cook. The cook prepares the meal, the waiter picks it up and delivers it to the man. After completing his meal he leaves a tip, pays the cashier, and exits the diner.
In this simple and ubiquitous example, there are multiple clients, multiple servers, and multiple interfaces. Some so obvious we overlook them:
Client Server Interface man waiter menu waiter cook order man cashier bill
It is interesting to note the waiter was both a server and a client. Below are some things to consider along with the computer/OS/network features that facilitate them:
- Does the diner host one person at a time or many? Multiprocessing operating systems (like UNIX or OS/2) allow several programs to run simultaneously. DOS attempts to simulate this behavior (with TSRs and Windows) but with less success.
- Does the waiter wait on one person or many? Using RPCs, a single program can satisfy the requests of many other programs (clients). If the waiter was dedicated to only a single client he may as well be a dynamic library. Of course, if the customer took the waiter with him to the next diner he would be a static library (static waiter?).
- Does the cook serve one waiter or many? Same as the above example.
- Does the cook prepare one meal at a time or many? If the cook can do more than one thing at a time, even if he does them sequentially, he could be called multi-tasking. Many computer programs use multi-tasking to do many things at once within the same address space.
- Must the waiter always use the same cook or whoever is ready? When a waiter is unconcerned with which cook picks-up his order, and as long as the food is prepared the same, a form of distributed processing is achieved. The kitchen is no longer only as fast as its cook, but as fast as as many cooks as can work in the kitchen. This is also known as scalability-the ability to scale-up or scale-down depending on demand.
What might a non-client server example look like?
- The man would enter the diner and bring his own raw food. He'd bring his own database utilities, date functions, text-functions, screen-functions, maybe even some application code
- He'd find his own table (there's probably only one anyway). If this is the DOS diner, his is the only table. At the Windows diner there may be more tables, but there's still only one waiter-and he can only switch tables when his current table lets him.
- He'd cook and serve his own food. After reading how the database, date, text, and screen functions work, he'd start connecting them to the application. Because he's new at this, his first attempts are unappetizing. Hopefully, his users won't get food poisoning.
- With charge-back, he'd still have to leave a tip and pay the cashier. After all, the diner did supply a table, silverware, and some appliances. What more could a programmer ask for than a terminal, editor, compiler, linker and some disk space?
Extra Credit question:
- Which diner will still be around 20 years from now?
Copyright © 1993, 1997, Isect
For more information, contact Isect.
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Fugitive in hijacking case caught after 40-year hunt
Convicted killer George Wright, who escaped prison in 1970 and joined a black nationalist group that hijacked a plane two years later, is arrested in Portugal without incident.
Reporting from New York—
The FBI agents wore swimsuits — the better to ensure they were unarmed as they delivered $1 million in cash to the hijackers. The criminals wore beatific looks, traveled with young children and were "polite as possible," a passenger on the ill-fated Delta flight recalled at the time.
For one man, it was the perfect crime — for nearly 40 years.
But on Tuesday, the FBI said it had caught up with the last hijacker, a convicted killer named George Wright who had escaped from prison in 1970 and resurfaced two years later when he joined members of a radical black nationalist group in forcing the jet to fly to Algeria.
"Can you imagine?" Schroeder said, envisioning Wright's surprise when Portuguese police, who had Wright under surveillance and were working in collaboration with U.S. officials, captured the fugitive.
Officials planned to request his extradition to New Jersey to finish serving his sentence of 15 to 30 years for shooting to death a gas station employee during a robbery the day after Thanksgiving in 1962. It was unclear whether Wright could also face trial for the hijacking, which made headlines with its radical perpetrators, record-setting ransom and wild costumes. In addition to the FBI agents in swimsuits, news reports at the time said that one of the hijackers — alleged to be Wright — wore priestly robes and hid his gun in a hollowed-out Bible.
"It read like a Hollywood script," Schroeder said of the case, which had gone cold until 2002, when he said the marshals service created regional fugitive task forces throughout the country. Wright's case, with its dramatic flair and heroic victim — the man killed at the gas station was a 42-year-old decorated World War II veteran named Walter Patterson — quickly became a priority.
Witnesses and relatives of Patterson were re-interviewed. Old reports were scoured. Age-enhanced sketches and busts were created to show how Wright might look today.
"Our guys really blew the dust off this case," Schroeder said. "The key was working every lead."
An address in Portugal was one such lead, and it paid off Monday when Wright was arrested without incident.
It marked the apparent end of a life on the lam whose chapters hark back to an era when hijackings were a common tool of militants, when it was possible to board a plane without being patted down or putting your carry-on through X-ray machines, and when $1 million was enough to make five hijackers happy.
In July 1972, when the three men and two women of the Black Liberation Army commandeered the flight from Detroit to Miami, $1 million was the most ever paid for the release of airplane hostages. The $50 and $100 bills were stuffed into a briefcase, which was tied to the end of a rope dangling out the jet window at the Miami airport. After it was hoisted inside and all of the approximately 90 passengers were freed, the Delta DC-8 made its way to Algeria.
Algerian officials seized the plane and the money and returned them to the United States, but the hijackers were let go. Several years later, four were captured in France, but the fifth — who had used the name Larry Burgess but whom FBI agents at the time identified as George Wright — remained missing.
The FBI said Wright had joined up with the Black Liberation Army after fleeing prison and moving to Detroit. In subsequent years, the BLA would be accused in a number of violent crimes and sometimes worked with members of the Weather Underground, another radical group.
Members of the two groups were convicted in the 1981 holdup of a Brink's armored truck, in which $1.6 million was stolen and two police officers and a security guard were shot dead.
News reports from 1972 said Wright and several other BLA members had lived together in Detroit and often discussed going to Algeria, where they thought the socialist government would welcome them. They said the reason for the hijacking was to flee "decadent" America, the pilot of the seized airline, William H. May, said at the time.
When Algeria seized the ransom, the group was indignant. "We are shocked and bewildered to be branded as criminals for our revolutionary activities," it said in a statement.
Despite the group's revolutionary rhetoric and record of violence, the hijackers were not accused of abusing the passengers or crew members. However, they did insist that the FBI agents who delivered the cash wear either swimsuits or underwear, to be sure they did not carry weapons.
"There were no threats to any of the passengers, and they were polite as possible," said one of the passengers interviewed after the hijacking, George Coppal of Detroit.
After U.S. officials got a tip that Wright might be in Portugal, authorities in that country were notified. Fingerprints submitted by Wright to get a national identity card there matched those on file with the FBI, officials said. Schroeder said relatives of Patterson had been notified of Wright's capture and were "ecstatic."
"The crime left two young girls without a father," said Gary Lanigan, commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Corrections. "Despite the passage of time, justice has been served, and George Wright will pay for his crime."
Hijacker-fugitive George Wright caught after 41 years, says FBI
George Wright, 68, was arrested Monday by Portuguese authorities at the request of the U.S. government, the FBI announced Tuesday.
New Jersey publication the Star-Ledger reports that the U.S. is now seeking Wright's extradition from Portugal so he can serve the remainder of his 15-to-30 year sentence.
Wright, who was convicted of the 1962 murder of war hero and New Jersey gas station owner Walter Patterson, eight years later escaped the Bayside State Prison in Leesburg, N.J. along with three other men.
According to the FBI, Wright became affiliated with the Black Liberation Army and resurfaced in 1972 when he and his associates hijacked a Delta flight from Detroit to Miami. After releasing the passengers in exchange for a $1 million ransom, the hijackers forced the plane to fly to Boston, then on to Algeria.According to CBS station WCBS, Wright was briefly detained but released and has been in hiding ever since.
Wright's associates were arrested, tried and convicted in Paris in 1976. Wright was the last remaining fugitive in the case.It is unclear how he was tracked down.
Michael Ward, Special Agent In Charge of the FBI's Newark Division, said today in a statement:
"The investigation into George Wright serves as an example of law enforcement strength and tenacity. Even after 40 years, the commitment of law enforcement is unwavering and through the vast contributions of a multitude of people in New Jersey, Washington, D.C., and Portugal, Wright was successfully taken into custody. This case should also serve notice that the FBI's determination in pursuing subjects will not diminish over time or distance."
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Psychology Colors Debt Management
July 31, 2011 by UPI - United Press International, Inc.
ST. LOUIS, July 31 (UPI) — The best way to end debt is to make minimum payments except for one loan with the highest interest rate, but most tend not to do this, U.S. researchers say.
Cynthia Cryder, a consumer behavior expert at Olin Business School, Washington University in St. Louis, and co-authors Shahar Ayal, Moty Amar and Dan Ariely of Duke University and Scott Rick of the University of Michigan, designed several studies to examine how consumers manage debt portfolios.
The article, “Winning the Battle But Losing the War: The Psychology of Debt Management,” published in the Journal of Marketing Research, found from a series of debt-management experiments, participants consistently paid off small debts first, even though the larger debts in the study had higher interest rates.
In fact, no participant in their sample consistently used their cash to pay off the loan with the highest interest rate, Cryder says.
Because small losses impose a disproportionately heavy psychological burden, the authors say, eliminating a small debt may offer greater relief than making an equivalent reduction to a larger debt.
However, while it is attractive to close an account, that’s not necessarily the best approach to minimizing your debt burden,” Cryder says.
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RENTON, Wash. (AP) -- The childhood home where rock guitarist
and singer Jimi Hendrix is said to have first discovered music has
been dismantled after eight years of preservation efforts
Barely a shell of the 900-square-foot house originally in
Seattle's Central Area neighborhood remains on a lot across the
street from where Hendrix was buried. Owner Pete Sikov told the
Seattle Times for a story Tuesday that parts have been saved and
may be sold later.
"Can you imagine a guitar made out of wood from Jimi's house?
Who wouldn't want that?" Sikov, a 54-year-old Seattle real estate
Hendrix, who lived in the house from ages 10 to 13 in the 1950s,
rocketed to fame in the 1960s with blazing guitar licks in songs
such as "Purple Haze" and "Are You Experienced?" He choked to death
on his own vomit in 1970 at age 27 in London after taking sleeping
pills and alcohol.
The house is where Hendrix first picked up a ukulele that had
one string and figured out how to strum the theme song from the
television detective show "Peter Gunn," said Leon Hendrix, the late
musician's younger brother.
Sikov said the demolition crew saved original parts of the home,
including kitchen cabinets, a claw-foot tub and the back door.
The demolition of the home is the end of Sikov's fight to
preserve it, beginning in 2001 when the original site was purchased
for condominium development. Sikov paid more than $30,000 to buy
and move it to a city-owned site where he and the James Marshall
Hendrix Foundation hoped to renovate it as a music center.
But that plan collapsed amid accusations of broken promises and
missed deadlines between Sikov and city officials. When the city
moved to have the house demolished, Sikov paid $1.8 million to buy
a trailer park across from the Renton cemetery where Hendrix was
buried and moved the house there.
He had negotiated with the suburban municipality and several
developers for a plan with the home as a centerpiece, but Renton
officials finally demanded that the house be removed.
"It's an eyesore. We had this fairly ugly structure on a major
arterial," said Neil Watts, Renton director of development
Charles R. Cross, author of the Hendrix biography "Room Full of
Mirrors," lamented that Seattle didn't save the house.
"Let's be blunt: He's the most famous guy to ever be born in the
city of Seattle," he said.
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Sudan is a neighbor of Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east and South Sudan to the South. To the South west she shares borders with the Central African Republic and Chad to the west and Libya to the north west. The Nile flows through the middle of the country. Sudan shares ancient history with Egypt and other lands. In 1955 -1972, Sudan had war resulting from conflicts between the Muslim Arab and Arabized northern Sudanese and the people of the south most of whom are Christians. There was a second Sudanese war in 1983. The government of Sudan before the split had always been based in Khartoum. Sudan means land of the black people but it is the north that permanently oppressed the south. In 2010, Richard Dowden wrote in his book on Africa, "Today Sudan, Africa's biggest coutnry by area, is rulled as an empire as it was 100 years ago when the British ruled and the Ottomans before that... The word Sudan means 'land of black people', but it has always been ruled by and Arabic -speaking, Muslim elite." South Sudan became a country in 2011 because for a long time Sudan has been in tension and the South bore much repression. There are 142 languages in North and South Sudan. However, among the elite who rule only Arabic is used, and that means only high Arabic.
The British invaded Sudan and Winston Churchill boasted of having shot some "natives" there. It is as a result of the Scramble for Africa that Sudan and many other African countries remain akwardly divided among ethnic groups. Christian religion was spread to the South only and Islam remained mainly for the north. The missionaries did not go northwards. The Northerners however, wanted the south for Islam.
The history of freedom of expression in Sudan is poor. Sudan has not tolerated diverse opinions and the record of human rights protection is one of the worst in the world. Now that Sudan has split from North Sudan in the hope of the enjoyment of greater freedoms.
Freedom of Expression and Media in Sudan
The following paper was presented to PEN Kenya and is in the archives of the centre. It was written in 2006. On July 9 2011 South Sudan became a country splitting from North Sudan. It is interesting to read the basic facts on freedom of Expression in Sudan and to monitor what the split has meant to freedom of expression.
Jacob J Akol Chairman of the Board of Directors, AMDISS and director of the website www.gurtong.net and Discussion Board Moderator.
Basic facts about the Sudan
It is (was) broadly divided into North and South by religion, race, language and culture. The Northern two thirds of the territory and population is broadly speaking seen as Arab cultured, speak Arabic language and the religion is Islam.
The southern third of the territory and population is regarded as African with various African languages, cultures and religions.
War and Peace in Sudan
Sudan has been at war with itself for 40 years
Only 10 years, 1972 – 1982, were relatively peaceful.
Military and democratic rule
Much of the 50 years of independence have been under military rule. So Freedom of Expression cound not be rightly said to have existed. The fear years of elected governmets were in power, the war between the North and South made it easy to retrict freedom of expression.
Freedom of Expression?
The last 50 years of independence of the Sudan have been years of conflict and war largely betwen North and South. One of the main victims has been freedom of expression.
Media in Sudan
While independent print media has at various times existed and expanded in the North, there has been very limited or no print media at all in the South, precisely because much of the war was fought in the Southern territory.
The Northern print media was never fully free.
It was dictated to or banned under the military rule and it was censored by civilian governments “Because of war in the South”,
Electronic media, radio and television, have laways been monopolised by various governments-
The January 2005 Peace Agreement between North and South and the Interim National and Southern Region’s Constitutions proposed:
Democratic governance of the Sudan
Granting of freedoms of expression and of the press
Khartoum and Juba
Khartoum (north) has largely continued as if the agreement has changed nothing much.
Restrictions on freedom of expression and the press continued to be imposed.
There are serious considerations that broadcasting will be liberalised soon to permit independent broadcasting. The Agreement calls for this.
Juba (South) is more accomodating, and opportunities exist for freedom of expression for independent media.
Southern media organisations are grouped under the Association of Media Development in South Sudan, AMDISS.
There has been in continued dialogue for three years with those who are not in power in Juba.
With Assistance and support from the Norwegian Peoples Aid, Article 19, IMS and Open Society Foundation, AMDISS is being actively invited by the Government of Southern Sudan to contribute to the law governing freedom of expression and freedom of the press.
There is also willingness in the South to legislate for independent broadcasting in the region.
The President of the South has repeatedly spoken of wanting to see an independent media and freedom of expression in South Sudan.
Our hope is that the tendency by Khartoum to control the media and freedom of expression will not extend to the South.
We hope that the freedoms being promised by the Southern government, if they materialise, will influence developments in the North.
Members of the media and civil society organsisation, supported by Norwegian Peoples Aid; Article 19 and IMS, have been having regional and joint-national roundtable meetings in the South and int the North.
The next big roundtable will be in Khartoum in December this year.
The key objective is to create pressure points to bring about freedom of expression and freedom of the press throughout the Sudan.
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Freud's early work in psychology and psychoanalysis endeavored to understand and cure the human mind by means of hypnosis. Freud's initial exposure to hypnosis in a clinical setting was over the winter of 1885-1886, when he studied in Paris with Jean-Martin Charcot, a renowned French professor of neurology. Charcot's work centered on the causes of hysteria, a disorder which could cause paralyses and extreme fits. He soon discovered that the symptoms of hysteria could be induced in nonhysterics by hypnotic suggestion and that the symptoms of hysterics could be alleviated or transformed by hypnotic suggestion. This ran contrary to the then-prevalent belief that hysteria had physiological causes; it suggested that a deeper, unseen level of consciousness could affect an individual's conscious conduct.
Freud subsequently collaborated with Josef Breuer, who applied hypnosis not just to cause or suppress the symptoms of hysteria but to actually divine the root causes. In his work with Anna O, he found that by tracing her associations in an autohypnotic state, he could not only find an original repressed incident, but could actually cure her of her symptom. When she related an event to a symptom while in a hypnotic state, her symptom would become terribly powerful and dramatic, but would then be purged, never to trouble her again. This powerful and often traumatic transfer of an memory from the unconscious to the conscious is known as catharsis, an effective method which also seems to corroborate Freud's theories on the mind.
However, Freud soon abandoned hypnosis in favor of conscious psychoanalysis, first for the technique of free association, then eventually for his well-known technique of observational, couch-based psychoanalysis.
Last modified 1998
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A new report indicates that vitamin K may have significant effects on the circulatory system. Known for its ability to help with blood clotting, Vitamin K is one of the best nutrients to promote heart health by helping to reduce calcification.
The Doctors Health Press e-Bulletin article reports that in a recent clinical trial performed at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands. Researchers studied the link between vitamin K and heart health and discovered that vitamin K is essential for activation of substances called carboxyglutamate (Gla) proteins such as matrix Gla-protein, or MGP. MGP is a vascular calcification inhibitor which helps to prevent the sort of dangerous calcification that can lead to atherosclerosis. The researchers went on to study the effects of vitamin K deficiency in kidney transplant recipients because of its cardiovascular risk is high. The research team investigated vitamin K intake in a cohort of kidney transplant recipients with stable renal function.
They found that total vitamin K intake was below the recommended level in 50% of the patients. Lower vitamin K intake was associated with less consumption of green vegetables and increased MGP levels. Not surprisingly, MGP levels were elevated in 80% of the patients. The researchers concluded that the high MGP levels may result in an increased risk for arterial calcification.
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Will Stuxnet Leave as Much Collateral Damage as Any Weapon?
(Pictured: The virus's most likely mode of transmission.)
Reuters quotes Dmitry Rogozin, Russia's ambassador to NATO, on the Stuxnet computer virus that struck Iran's Russian-built reactor at Bushehr.
"'This virus, which is very toxic, very dangerous, could have very serious implications,' he said, describing the virus's impact as being like explosive mines.
"'These 'mines' could lead to a new Chernobyl,' he said, referring to the 1986 nuclear accident at a plant in Ukraine, then part of the Soviet Union."
Sure, Rogozin's comments may be laughed off as hyperbole. But just how much control is party that initiates a virus attack (in this case, presumably Israel and/or the United States) able to exert over a virus, no matter how embedded it may be with commands informing it when and where to activate?
At the very least, Stuxnet sets off, or accelerates, a cyberwar "arms" race. Think the difficulty Iran has experienced subduing the virus (a computer expert advises them to throw out all Bushehr's computers) prevents it from upping the cyberwarfare ante? Consider all the contractors -- from China to Russia, even -- willing to sell Iran its services and thus enable it to strike back at the West.
The perfectly clean, collateral-damage-free weapon has yet to be invented.
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SHARPSBURG, Md. — It takes little imagination to hear the thunder of cannon and the rattle of musketry, to listen to the cries of young men and to recall the carnage of that day.
Spared the fate of some historic sites that are marred with fast-food restaurants and trinket shops, Antietam National Battlefield looks much like it did, when on Sept. 17, 1862, a great and terrible battle was fought across its woods and open fields.
It's a serene setting, filled with a sense of personal history — not just of the generals who led their armies, but the 23,110 soldiers who were killed, wounded or missing in action.
The significance of the battle is not lost on John Gibson, a member of the Frederick County Civil War Roundtable.
That's why, for 23 years, he and his family have volunteered to set up and light luminarias for the Memorial Illumination at Antietam.
"I believe that it's important to honor the sacrifices those soldiers made on that day," he said.
Gibson was among more than 1,400 volunteers who prepared the battlefield for Saturday's illumination.
"We have a tremendous amount of volunteerism for this event," said Georgene Charles, general chairwoman. "Combined, we have a total of 664 years worth of dedicated service."
Charles said there is a waiting list of people who want to volunteer.
Gibson said the Frederick Civil War Roundtable is one of the original illumination volunteer groups.
"My children were babies that first year. Now, they're adults. But they're still here, lending a hand," he said.
Gibson said the Memorial Illumination is "a special way to honor those who died at Antietam. Visually, it's very powerful, very moving — especially when you realize that each candle represents a soul."
About 44 members of Boy Scout Troop 20 and Cub Scout Pack 20 of Boonsboro, as well as Boy Scout Troop 252 based in Beaver Creek, spent most of Saturday morning setting out the luminarias. By 2:30 p.m., they were ready to start lighting them.
Andy Hoffman, a committee member with Boy Scout Troop 20 of Boonsboro, said that while the scouts enjoy being with their friends, they also understand the meaning behind each candle they placed in the fields.
"We stress the significance of what happened here," he said.
Greg Inge, a history teacher at Beaver Area High School in Beaver, Pa., has been making the 5 1/2-hour drive from Western Pennsylvania for the past 17 years.
"I started teaching 33 years ago," he said, "and couldn't stand just being in a classroom. So I started organizing field trips as a better way to learn history. When I heard about the opportunity to volunteer for this event, I jumped on it."
Inge was accompanied Saturday by 23 of his students.
"We've done this when it was 5 below zero and when 20 inches of snow was predicted," he said. "We don't miss this event."
Joe Layos has been volunteering at the Memorial Illumination with other members of Trinity Lutheran Church in Boonsboro for 23 years. Saturday, he was one of the speakers during the opening ceremonies.
"I volunteer so others, too, can look out over these fields at all those flickering lights with the voices saying 'Remember,'" he said. "It's a shared experience."
Ed Wenschhof, Antietam's chief ranger, said about 9,000 visitors were expected to attend the Illumination, which stretched over five miles of tour road and several hundred acres of land.
"The weather is great," he said, "so it should be an incredible turnout. I'm ecstatic."
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Corporate partnerships are the lynchpin for many college programs
Campus Issues / Technology
Using partnerships to curb cost of facilities, services
More in: Workforce Development / Opinions
Auto consortium takes on the manufacturing challenge
More in: Government / Workforce Development
(From left) Dr. Jill Biden, U.S. Labor Secretary Hilda Solis and Michael McCall, president of the Kentucky Community and Technical College System, discuss partnerships at Bluegrass Community and Technical College on Feb. 23.
The Obama administration used the end of a high-profile tour of community colleges this week to announce the next round of grants totaling $500 million to help train workers for available jobs.
During a stop at Davidson County Community College in North Carolina, Dr. Jill Biden and U.S. Labor Secretary Hilda Solis—who were concluding a five-state, three-day bus tour of community colleges with innovative training partnerships with local and regional businesses—were joined by Vice President Joe Biden to announce the grants competition.
“This new round of funding will help community colleges forge new partnerships with local businesses to train workers with the skills they need for jobs available right now,” the vice president said. “I am proud to join Secretary Solis and my wife—a community college professor herself—on the final stop of the Community College to Career tour to announce this new round of support for these innovative training partnerships.”
This funding is part of the four-year, $2-billion Trade Adjustment Assistance Community College and Career Training (TAACCCT) grant program.
Funding in action
DCCC is part of a consortium of nine North Carolina community colleges previously awarded $18.8 million through the TAACCCT grant program to expand their training partnerships with local employers.
“Building a well-educated workforce is critical for the ongoing strengthening of our economy,” Solis said. “This week’s tour has been an extraordinary opportunity to meet students, educators and employers alike, highlighting how these grants bring community colleges and businesses together to give students the skills they need to compete for good jobs in growing industries.”
The resources provided by these grants—which are administered by the U.S. Departments of Labor and Education—will enable eligible community colleges to partner with businesses to expand and improve education and career training programs that can be completed in two years or less and are suited for TAA-eligible workers and other adults.
The grant solicitation is expected to be published in the Federal Register on Feb. 27. Funding will range from up to $3 million for individual colleges to $15 million for consortia. Colleges that are fiscal agents for the first round of TAACCCT grants are not eligible to apply, but they may be partners in consortia. The deadline for applications is May 24.
In September, the Labor Department awarded about $500 million in the first round of the program.
Earlier this month, President Barack Obama announced that he is seeking $8 billion in his fiscal 2013 budget proposal to continue to develop partnerships between community colleges and businesses to train 2 million Americans for available jobs. The bus tour was designed to spotlight colleges with successful partnerships and to promote the president's proposal.
On Thursday, Biden and Solis visited Bluegrass Community and Technical College (BCTC) in Kentucky, where they heard from students and workforce partners. BCTC student Darah Johnson graduated high school and was stuck in minimum wage jobs when she decided to enroll in the college’s biotechnology program. After receiving a basic technician certificate, Johnson began an internship at biotech company Transposagen Biopharmaceuticals.
“I did my internship and when that was over I said to my boss, ‘I’d love to stay if you‘ll have me’ and they said yes,” Johnson said.
Jill Biden noted that a college-business partnership helped Johnson secure a better job.
“These partnerships are training workers with skills that will lead directly to jobs,” she said.
Michael McCall, president of the Kentucky Community and Technical College System, echoed the importance of that mission.
“In today’s economic climate, everything is about jobs,” he said.
Copyright ©2012 American Association of Community Colleges
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US 4378276 A
Solids precipitate out of an aqueous solution after it has passed through a negatively charged tubular steel electrode and then through the annular space between the negatively charged electrode and a positively charged tubular aluminum electrode.
1. The method of purifying water, comprising the steps of
mounting a first tubular electrode within a second tubular electrode in mutual concentric spaced relationship,
maintaining said first electrode at a negative potential relative to said second electrode,
flowing said water in an axial direction through said first tubular electrode from one end to the other,
then flowing said water in a reverse direction through the space between said first and second tubular electrodes, and then
separating solids entrained in said water from said water.
2. The method of purifying water according to claim 1 wherein said water is at ground potential, comprising the further step of
maintaining said first electrode negative with respect to ground potential.
3. The method of purifying water according to claim 2, wherein
said anode electrode has a higher electrochemical equivalent than does said cathode electrode.
4. The method of purifying water according to claim 3, wherein
said cathode electrode is stainless steel, and
said anode electrode is aluminum.
5. The method of purifying water according to claim 1 wherein
said cathode and anode electrodes are connected to a low impedence source of unidirectional voltage to establish said electric field.
6. The method of purifying water, comprising the steps of
flowing said water through a first tubular electrode and through the annular space between said first electrode and a second tubular electrode surrounding said first electrode, and
maintaining said first electrode at a negative potential relative to said second electrode,
whereby soluble impurities entrained in said water are caused to precipate out of solution.
7. The method of purifying water according to claim 6 wherein
said water flows through said first tubular electrode before flowing through said annular space.
This is a division, of application Ser. No. 06/117,490, filed on Feb. 1, 1980.
The present invention relates in general to the electrolytic treatment of liquids, and it relates in particular to new and improved methods and apparatus for electrolytically treating aqueous solutions to cause dissolved solids to precipitate out of the solution.
Electrochemical floculation of impure aqueous solutions has been known for many years, but no practical and economical method of treating large volumes of effluent has heretofore been found. With ever increasing standards of effluent purity being imposed on processing and sewage treatment facilities, there is a strong need for an economical method of removing dissolved and other impurities from waste water, streams and the like. Preferably, such a method should be continuous and should be carried out using equipment having a low initial cost, low energy consumption and a low maintenance cost.
Briefly, there is provided in accordance with the teachings of the present invention an elongated, tubular precipitator through which the water to be purified flows. Shortly after exiting the precipitator, dissolved solids become floculated and can thereafter be separated from the water in any one of several ways including filtration, settling and centrifuging.
The precipitator is of a novel construction and includes a plurality of electrode sets each comprising an open ended tubular steel cathode disposed in coaxial relationship within a closed ended outer tubular aluminum electrode. The electrodes are maintained in uniform spaced apart relationship by means of a helical insulator which together with the outer surface of the inner electrode and the inner surface of the outer electrode defines a helical passageway through which the water being treated must pass between the two electrodes. The inner and outer electrodes are respectively connected to the negative and positive output terminals of a low voltage, high current source of direct electric energy. The cathode electrode is maintained at a negative voltage relative to that of the liquid entering the device. The outer electrode, which is a sacrificial anode, is readily replaceable. A plurality of the electrode sets are arranged within a protective pipe formed of plastic.
The water being treated first flows from an inlet manifold at one end of the unit toward the other end through the cathode electrodes and then flows back through the helical spaces between the inner and outer electrodes before leaving the precipitator through an outlet manifold and a flow restrictive discharge tube. Accordingly, the water first travels for an appreciable period of time in contact with the cathode and only thereafter does it pass through the electric field established between the cathode and anode. This sequence appears to be of considerable importance inasmuch as the flow of water in the reverse direction through the precipitator provides appreciably less subsequent precipitation.
The present invention will be better understood by a reading of the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a water purification system embodying the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinally sectioned view of an electrolytic precipitator embodying the invention; and
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 3--3 in FIG. 2.
Referring particularly to FIG. 1, a filtrate such as an aqueous solution containing dissolved solids is supplied under pressure to the inlet 10 of a precipitator 12 embodying the present invention. If desired, an ozone treatment device may be mounted at the inlet end of the precipitator 12 for destroying bacteria contained in the liquid entering the precipitator 12. The unit 12 is powered from a source of D.C. voltage 14 which is connected by a pair of low resistance conductors 16 and 18 to respective electric bus plates 20 and 22. After electrolytic treatment within the precipitator 12 the aqueous solution exits through an outlet 24. Flocuation of the dissolved solids has already commenced at this time and is completed a very short time thereafter. Separation of the solids from the liquid is preferably effected by passing the solution through a filter or by retaining it for up to about five minutes in a settling tank or basin 26.
The unit 12 which is more fully described hereinafter has been successfully used to purify sewage, river water and the effluent from a potato processing plant. However, the method and apparatus can be used to purify water containing other materials in solution.
Referring to FIG. 2, the precipitator 12 may be seen to include a housing in the form of an elongated plastic pipe 30 having a plastic flange 32 bonded to one end. An end cap 34 is bolted to the flange 32 to seal the end of the tube 30 from the atmosphere. A similar plastic flange 36 is bonded to the other end of the tube 30. A circular electric bus plate 20 formed of a good conductor, such as copper, is sealably sandwiched between the flange 36 and a similar plastic flange 38 bonded to one end of a short length of plastic pipe 40 from which the outlet 24 extends. A plurality of nut and bolt assemblies 42 removably secure the flanges and bus plate together.
A plurality of tubular anodes 44 each have one end threadedly received in a respective one of a plurality of threaded holes 46 in the bus plate 20. The other ends of the anode tubes 44 are sealably closed by end caps 48 threaded over the distal ends thereof. A plurality of circular support spacers 50 hold the tubes 44 in spaced relation relative to one another and to the pipe 30.
An end flange 52 is bonded to the outer end of the pipe section 40. The cathode bus 22 is sandwiched between the flange 52 and a plastic end piece 54 having an integral tubular sleeve portion 56 providing the product inlet 10. The bus member 22 has a central cup-like section 22A provided with a plurality of threaded bores 58 respectively aligned with the bores 46 in the bus plate 20. The section 22A together with the end piece 54 defines an inlet manifold 60 which is fed by the inlet 10.
A plurality of cathode tubes 62 each have one of their ends threadedly received in a respective one of the holes 28 and extend into respective ones of the anode tubes 44 to provide a plurality of electrode sets. The cathode tubes 62 are open at both ends with the inner ends terminating in proximity to but spaced from the inner ends of the anode tubes.
In order to space the cathodes uniformly from the ends and to assure that all of the product passes for an extended period of time through the spaces between the electrodes, each cathode tube 62 is helically wrapped with an insulating member 64. The members 64 may be cylindrical in cross section and are preferably tubular so as to be compressible and provide a good seal with the electrode surfaces against which they are pressed. It may thus be seen that liquid entering the inlet 10 flows into the inlet manifold 60 and then through the cathode tubes 62 to the inner ends thereof. The liquid paths are then reversed and the liquid travels in helical or spiral paths back through the spaces between the electrodes in each set and thus coming into intimate contact with the sacrifical anode 44. The liquid then enters the effluent outlet manifold within the section 40 and leaves the unit through the side outlet 24. The outlet may be at the top to exhaust gas from the unit. Also, of course, the unit may be mounted in an upright position.
The entire unit is easily taken apart for cleaning and repair, and the anode tubes 44 are easily replaced by simply unscrewing the tubes from the bus plate 20. Should the tubes 44 not be replaced before a rupture occurs therein, the unit can continue to operate and no leakage to the exterior will occur because of the protective housing tube 30.
The voltage source 14 is preferably an A.C. powered full wave rectifier having a low voltage, high current output. For example, voltages between the cathode and anode electrodes of about 15 volts and a current of 2 amperes have been used successfully to precipitate solids from diluted sewage sludge. However, the optimum current and voltage values will depend on the liquid to be treated and on the size of the treatment unit.
I have found that the cathode voltage should be negative relative to the incoming liquid which will normally be at earth ground. In a successful operation of the unit shown in the drawings, the cathode tubes 62 were 5 volts negative relative to earth ground. Also, the pH of the liquid was about 7 which I believe is preferable. The aluminum tubes 44 where about twenty feet long. The system precipitated about 95% of the entrained solids from the solution.
Flow of the liquid in a reverse direction through the precipitator 10 showed markedly poorer results which seems to demonstrate the importance of initially flowing the liquid through the negatively charged cathode.
The present invention may be seen to provide, in its more general aspects, a novel method of precipitating solids out of solution. The manufacturing cost field assembly, facile maintenance and replaceable sacrifical anodes. Moreover, the number of electrode sets can be increased to whatever number is required for handling the volume of water to be treated.
In the above described preferred embodiment of the invention, the anode electrode is aluminum. However, other anode materials may be preferable for certain applications. For example, where the solution of water and entrained solids is a relatively thick slurry and clarification is carried out in a settling basin, I have found that migration of the precipitate to the bottom of the basin is impeded so that unnecessarily long settling times are required. In such cases, metals having higher atomic weights, such, for example, as magnesium, iron and copper would be expected to provide improved results. Tests have shown that in some case combinations of these metals provides best results. To this end a plurality of the precipitator units using different anode materials can be arranged in series or each of the anodes in a single unit can comprise a plurality of lengths of different metals.
While the present invention has been described in connection with a particular embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that many changes and modifications may be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications which come within the true spirit and scope of this invention.
Citations de brevets
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Backing up data is critical for organization of all sizes. When considering the choices available, backing up data from disk and restoring data from disk is generally faster, easier and more reliable than backup up data from tape. Tape operates on a sequential access basis as opposed to the random access capabilities of disk. This allows for much faster backups and restores from disk when compared to tape. Due to expanding volumes of data that must be backed up and protected and shrinking backup windows, many IT departments have moved to or added disk based backups. However for long term storage keep in mind that tape backup offers a very well known technology that can be very cost effective.
Backing up to disk offers the advantages of speed and reliability because disk drives can begin transferring files instantly, whereas tape drives require that the tape be loaded, accessed and sequentially written. Disk volumes, especially RAID volumes can have very fast read and write performance and backup to disk software enables disk backups and restores to be virtually instantaneous allowing administrators to schedule frequent backups helping reduce the risk of data loss. Plus disk backup offers high levels of flexibility so it can support simultaneous backup, restore and de-duplication operations unlike tape backup.
Dell offers a variety of
backup to disk products. However to solve for the challenge of making disk based backups simpler and easier to use, Dell has teamed up with two leading backup software companies CommVault and Symantec to offer two backup-to-disk solutions that combine all of the hardware, software and services to get up in running in less than 30 minutes. These products offer next generation disk based backup with integrated support for tape giving IT departments a complete disk-to-disk-to-tape solution for fast, reliable, cost-effective data protection.
For entry level back up of individual servers, Precision workstations and OptiPlex desktops Dell offers the PowerVault RD1000. A rugged, removable disk drive that combines the speed of a hard disk with the portability of optical media for quick, easy, affordable backups. It includes FileKeeper Pro XE software for transparent, “always-on” continuous data protection and a complete backup of all of your system data.
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Just as a colonoscopy can now detect and remove polyps before they become cancerous, researchers are working to develop methods that will allow them to seek out and destroy precancerous breast changes. Already, researchers at Sloan-Kettering are studying the use of focused ultrasound to eradicate precancerous breast lesions. Unlike the ultrasound used to scan for irregularities, this technology uses focused, high-energy sound beams to destroy suspicious cells, leaving healthy tissue untouched. "It’s like a Flash Gordon ray gun," says Norton. "It’s possible that we’ll find tiny lesions, diagnose them and destroy them so they never grow into cancers."
Originally published in More magazine, October 2005.
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Millers Analogy Test –Graduate School Exam
- Test starts at: varies
- Cost: $70
- Length of test: 1 hour Location Information Hearnes Hall,314
- Check in time: 15 minutes prior to testing Host: ACTS Hearnes Hall, 314
- Picture-signature ID required
- Testing per appointment
MAT Testing Candidate Form:
- The MAT identifies those who are analytical thinkers. And that's critical for success in life.
- The MAT is an analogy-based test — so here’s an analogy that’s completely relevant: The MAT is to analytical thinkers as graduate school is to advanced degrees.
- Through various types of analogies, MAT identifies candidates who are logical thinkers. It helps you spot the candidates whose knowledge goes beyond memorizing and repeating information.
- The ability to analyze information is a key attribute of candidates that the most respected universities value and seek out. And this holds true for more and more companies when it comes to hiring their executives, too. They want people with potential — and with the application skills to turn that potential into reality.
- Some basic background on MAT as an analogy-based test.
- MAT has proven itself in use for more than 50 years as a reliable and valid test for qualifying graduate school candidates.
- Research studies by psychologists using analogies in work on human intelligence and reasoning have found that analogies are among the best measures of verbal comprehension and analytic intelligence.
- Independent research and reliability and validity studies conducted by Harcourt Assessment have shown correlations between MAT raw scores and graduate school GPA.
- The MAT is a computer-based test. (Computer based generates an immediate "unoffical" score)
- For more information click here: Miller Analogy Test
Back to Testing
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- Special Sections
- Public Notices
By JOHN CRABTREE
Center for Rural Affairs
Florida farmers transitioning to organic systems as well as established organic producers now have an opportunity to apply for Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) Organic Initiative funding to assist their organic efforts.
The USDA recently announced another $50 million in funding for the EQIP Organic Initiative, which provides a 75% share of the cost of implementing organic conservation measures to those who qualify - 90% for beginning, limited-resource and socially-disadvantaged farmers and ranchers.
This is the third year of the Organic Initiative. In 2010, NRCS obligated $24 million nationally with nearly $300,0000 going to Florida organic farmers. This year even greater funding is available for Florida producers to plan and implement conservation practices that address natural resource concerns in ways that are consistent with organic production. The deadline for this application period is May 20, 2011.
The Center for Rural Affairs has a long history of assisting family farmers and ranchers in accessing new conservation programs. We created an EQIP Organic Initiative fact sheet available at cfra.org/node/2509, and we operate a Farm Bill Helpline where producers can call (402) 687-2100, ask for the Farm Bill Helpline and speak to a real person who can help producers receive assistance in accessing new programs like the EQIP organic initiative.
The Farm Bill Helpline can also assist farmers and ranchers with the Conservation Stewardship Program, the Cooperative Conservation Partnerships Initiative, the Value Added Agricultural Market Development Program and a host of Beginning Farmer and Rancher programs.
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)completed the additional Clean Air Act Protections to reduce emissions of mercury, other air toxic and air quality standards for sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. Hundreds of thousands of tons of smokestack emissions that travel long distance through the air resulting to soot and smog, threatening the health of hundreds of missions of Americans living downwind. The Cross-State Air Pollution Rule will protect communities from smog and soot preventing premature deaths, nonfatal heart attacks, acute bronchitis, and aggravated asthma. Around 27 states in the eastern half of the country will work with power plants to cut pollution under the rule that has proven cost-effective control technologies. Additionally, EPA will work with states to assist developing the most suitable path forward to deliver significant reductions in emissions while reducing costs for utilities and consumers.
Power plant emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) continually travel across state lines as they are carries long distances across the country by wind and weather. The pollution is transported and reacts in the atmosphere contributing to severe levels of ground level ozone and fine particles that are scientifically connected to illnesses and premature deaths, destructing the air quality of cities. Therefore, this rule will enhance the air quality by cutting SO2 and NOx emissions that contribute to pollution problems in other states. The rules followed by the states are expected to reduce SO2 emissions by 73 percent from 2005 levels by 2014. NOx emissions are expected to reduce by 54 percent. Further, this rule will help states that are struggling to protect air quality from pollution emitted outside their borders. Furthermore, this rule uses an approach that can be applied in the future to assist areas continue to meet and maintain air quality health standards.
The rule will also facilitate to improve visibility in state and national parts while better protecting the ecosystems. In a supplemental rulemaking based on further review and analysis of air quality information, EPA is also proposing to require sources in lowa, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Oklahoma and Winconsin to decrease NOx emissions during the summertime ozone season. This rule will optimistically bring a positive result and lead those states to have a better air quality while minimizing the adverse effects.
Posted in Future Possiblities, Optimistic plans | Leave a Comment »
We, 3 young women, who have the passion to make the world a better planet, eagerly want the votes from you to get the proposal successfully passed on. So, join us in making the earth a better planet.
Thanks for your great support!
Instructions for voting:
1. Go to this link.
2. After registering successfully, go to the email you entered.
3. Go to the link http://www.dellsocialinnovationcompetition.com/ and login by using user name and password you have already received in email.
4. Click on this link,
This will lead you on the idea “Arsenic Removal in Noakhali: Using Pteris vittata as an Eco-Friendly Implement”
Click on vote.
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Dell Social Innovation Competition | Arsenic Removal in Noakhali: Using Pteris vittata as an Eco-Fri
Welcome to the 2011 Dell Social Innovation Competition! Do you have what it takes? It starts with an idea to make the world a better place. Get started today — begin the process by registering now
Posted in Uncategorized | Leave a Comment »
Kyoto protocol is a universal treaty which connects the United Nations Frame work conventions in Climate Change. The main goal of this protocol is cutting the green house gases emissions in thirty seven developed European countries. Kyoto protocol was formed by Japan in December 11, 1997 and made to be strict in February 16, 2005. The President of Barak Obama has called sixteen large economic nations to Washington for a forum on Climate change to remind the responsibilities to them according to the Kyoto protocol, which will be held at the end of this April. The focus in this meeting will be about cutting the emissions of green house gases and providing clean energy before the Kyoto protocol expires in 2012. Moreover, there will be another forum in Germany on this case, and 190 nations are going to participate in that forum. There will some agreements be formed on limiting carbon dioxide emissions after 2012. It seems like all nations have realized that we should do something for alleviating global warming. However, making it into reality is the most important role of all nations and there should be more protocols formed like Kyoto, so that the earth will be not vulnerable to extinction.
Posted in Optimistic plans | 2 Comments »
Nepal is a marvelous mountainous country where you can see snow in the peak of the mountains.You will never I trust if anyone says there was fire a few days ago? Yes, when I asked one of my Nepali friends she told me that she has no idea about it because they believe that Nepal won’t have a severe impact in climate change as it is not located near sea. However, climate change have a severe impact in Nepal as
it mostly affects the tropical regions . Nasa’s satellite imaged that huge fire flames were around the national parks near to Tibet, the highest plain land in the world. Still they couldn’t estimate lost of flora and fauna.More than the lost, the considerable concern is that carbon dioxide emitted in high amount as the result of this fire. In Himalaya regions, stopping the fire was difficult as he geography of the region is complicated and the man power is not enough to pour water by planes and helicopters. Nepalese are able to recognize that the winter is becoming drier and drier and this year it has positioned a record nusually.
References: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=77129, http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,IRIN,,BTN,47cfbd572c,0.html
Posted in Present phenomenon | 1 Comment »
Presently, the world is more aware about climate changes and tries to alleviate the current problem as we can see there are numerous conferences on this case. The leaders from European countries and other developed nations assert that the green house gases such as carbon emissions will be reduced by 50 % by 2050 in order to attempt global warming. Unfortunately, the United States has declined to place temporary aims for this case where as they prefer long term goals. Five of the largest world upcoming economic countries alleged that the 50% should be increased at least until 80%. In Japan, climate changes have been a difficult issue to solve, so they also have some targets as the developing countries are expected to have. South Africa previously discarded as they thought it wouldn’t work and they were not willing to agree with this. Optimistically, there are 200 countries signed on this contract in UN climate change convention, so we can anticipate that it will work in the future. While G8 countries lead the convention the whole world except some countries will play their roles in this plan. So, as a hope the impacts of climate change will be alleviated sooner.
Refrences: http://www.reuters.com/article/africaCrisis/idUST60132, http://www.energy-enviro.fi/index.php?PAGE=791&NODE_ID=791&LANG=1
Posted in Optimistic plans | 3 Comments »
When we say tourism what do you really expect? Well, you probably need to have pleasant weather, marvelous sunrise and sunset in the horizontal line of the sea coastal lines and coral reefs in that place where you are planning to visit and luxurious hotels with swimming pools. There had been such places where you could get all these together. But now? Could you imagine a place with all stupendous facilities? All are under threat due to climate change.
While expecting all these, does anyone think of how everything has gone under threat and the causes for these at risk? Tourism is one of the big causes for climate change. Thus, “we have to talk about tourism and Climate change” says Stefanos Fotiou of the United Nations Environment Program (Unep). Without concentrating about climate change we cannot have a sustainable tourism. According to the UNWTO, 46 world slightest developed countries out of 50 benefits from tourism as it is their main source for foreign income.
Among them, Sri Lanka is one of the most important nations, which is leading the system of tourism. As the dwelling of 3000 Asian elephants and contains 30% rain forest itself, it is called “an Earth Lung”, because it is a ruler of carbon clean place. It is a hot spot of Bio Diversity. As it has a huge range of indigenous flora and fauna, the eco system has become vulnerable to the alterations of climate. Moreover, tourists from all over the world prefer to stay in multifaceted hotels with air- conditions, where perfect destructive chemicals are used to keep swimming pools. To have a pleasant travel, tourism ministries and tourists should keep their eyes on conserving the nature and not contributing to climate changes
http://www.e-clat.org/, http://www.prlog.org/10144384-climate-change-and-tourism-sri-lankas-gift-in-song-debuts-to-world-audience.html, http://www.4hoteliers.com/4hots_nshw.php?mwi=5272
Posted in Threats | 5 Comments »
This is a submision to BBC, but it is not related to my blog theme.
When I was seven years old, I spent almost all the time in bunker, a dark cemented concrete hall where people hide themselves in order to save them from shells and bombs, instead of playing in parks and making sand castles in sea shores, which was the darkest period in my life. All my mornings bloomed with the terrible sounds of Bombers and Super Sonics, more than this; there would be multi barrel shells were shelled towards our place and killed thousands and thousands of innocent people.
Six months went off without schools, even in home no one would be interested in studying or teaching the basic things which I was supposed to learn in that period. Since getting up in the early morning with the frightened mind until the next day bloomed, there was no Sun in my world. My sister and I always sat near the entrance of the bunker, be ready, to go inside in it when the war planes came with the terrible noise. At night there were many people who were my relations and neighbors stayed inside the bunker in my home as they did not have a shelter and our bunker was big enough to content many people. Without electricity, with a kerosene lamp, each of us had to struggle, especially the kids cried the whole night, and as a result everyone had to be awake the whole day.
The society had a ahrd time to survive and to run the family cycle. No one could do their jobs and economy was a huge crisis. Moreover, to buy basic needs people had to be in a long queue in co- operative shops. While they were standing in there, war jets would come and throw shells on the public which was a terrible scene ever. Because Jaffna is a peninsula and the A-9, main road which is the liaison between Jaffna and the Sounth part, was closed, basic needs like food and medical things did not come there. Thus, the people who were injured by shells could not go to hopitals and had to die terribly.
This is just how I experienced the civil war as a little girl and the way how public was affected when I was in that age. However, still there are numerous sorrow stories which do not have an ending part until Sri Lanka reaches PEACE. Moreover, the cnoflict is still going on, which seems like the end will not be soon. Let’s hold our hands together, try to alleviate geno cide in Sri Lanka and keep the country “the Pearl of the Indian Ocean” peacefully.
Posted in My Story | 8 Comments »
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Front Page Titles (by Subject) CHAPTER V: Liberty of the Press, and State of the Police, During the Time of the Constituent Assembly. - Considerations on the Principal Events of the French Revolution (LF ed.)
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CHAPTER V: Liberty of the Press, and State of the Police, During the Time of the Constituent Assembly. - Germaine de Staël, Considerations on the Principal Events of the French Revolution (LF ed.)
Considerations on the Principal Events of the French Revolution, newly revised translation of the 1818 English edition, edited, with an introduction and notes by Aurelian Craiutu (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2008).
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Liberty of the Press, and State of the Police, During the Time of the Constituent Assembly.
Not only does the Constituent Assembly claim the gratitude of the French people for the reform of the abuses by which they were oppressed; but we must render it the further praise of being the only one of the authorities which have governed France before and since the Revolution which allowed, freely and unequivocally, the liberty of the press. This it no doubt did more willingly from the certainty of its having public opinion in its favor; but there can be no free government except on that condition. Moreover, although the great majority of publications were in favor of the principles of the Revolution, the newspapers on the aristocratic side attacked, with the greatest bitterness, individuals of the popular party, who could not fail to be irritated by it.1
Previous to 1789, Holland and England were the only countries in Europe that enjoyed the liberty of the press secured by law. Political discussions in periodical journals began at the same time with representative governments; and these governments are inseparable from them. In absolute monarchies, a court gazette suffices for the publication of official news; but that a whole nation may read daily discussions on public affairs, it is necessary that it should consider public affairs as its own. The liberty of the press is then quite a different matter in countries where there are assemblies whose debates may be printed every morning in the newspapers, and under the silent government of unlimited power. The censure préalable, or examination before printing, may, under the latter government, either deprive us of a good work or preserve us from a bad one. But the case is not the same with newspapers, the interest of which is momentary: these, if subjected to previous examination, are necessarily dependent on ministers; and there is no longer a national representation from the time that the executive power has in its hands, by means of newspapers, the daily molding of facts and reasonings: this makes it as much master of the public opinion as of the troops in its pay.
All persons are agreed on the necessity of repressing by law the abuses of the liberty of the press; but if the executive power alone has the right of giving a tone to the newspapers, which convey to constituents the speeches of their delegates, the censorship is no longer defensive, it is imperative; for it must prescribe the spirit in which the public papers are to be composed. It is not then a negative but a positive power, that is conferred on the ministers of a country when they are invested with the correction, or rather the composition of newspapers. They can thus circulate whatever they want about an individual, and prevent that individual from publishing his justification. At the time of the revolution of England, in 1688, it was by sermons delivered in the churches that public opinion was formed. The case is similar in regard to newspapers in France: had the Constituent Assembly forbidden the reading of “the Acts of the Apostles,”2 and permitted only the periodical publications adverse to the aristocratic party, the public, suspecting some mystery because it witnessed constraint, would not have so cordially attached itself to deputies whose conduct it could not follow nor appreciate with certainty.
Absolute silence on the part of newspapers would, in that case, be infinitely preferable, since the few letters that would reach the country would convey, at least, some pure truths. The art of printing would bring back mankind to the darkness of sophistry were it wholly under the management of the executive power, and were governments thus enabled to counterfeit the public voice. Every discovery for the improvement of society is instrumental to a despotic purpose if it is not conducive to liberty.
But the troubles of France were caused, it will be alleged, by the licentiousness of the press. Who does not now admit that the Constituent Assembly ought to have left seditious publications, like every other public offense, to the judgment of the courts? But if for the purpose of maintaining its power it had silenced its adversaries, and confined the command of the press only to its adherents, the representative government would have been extinguished. A national representation on an imperfect plan is but an additional instrument in the hands of tyranny. The history of England shows how far obsequious parliaments go beyond even ministers themselves in the adulation of power. Responsibility has no terrors to a collective body; besides, the more admirable a thing is in itself, whether we speak of national representation, oratory, or the talent of composition, the more despicable it becomes when perverted from its natural destination; in that case, that which is naturally bad proves the less exceptionable of the two.
Representatives form by no means a separate caste; they do not possess the gift of miracles; they are of importance only when supported by the nation; but as soon as that support fails them, a battalion of grenadiers is stronger than an assembly of three hundred deputies. It is then a moral power which enables them to balance the physical power of that authority which soldiers obey; and this moral power consists entirely in the action of the liberty of the press on the public mind. The power which distributes patronage becomes everything as soon as the public opinion, which awards reputation, is reduced to nothing.
But cannot this right, some persons may say, be suspended for some time? And by what means should we then be apprised of the necessity of re-establishing it? The liberty of the press is the single right on which all other rights depend; the security of an army is in its sentinels. When you wish to write against the suspension of that liberty, your arguments on such a subject are exactly what government does not permit you to publish.
There is, however, one circumstance that may necessitate the submitting of newspapers to examination, that is, to the authority of the government which they ought to enlighten: I mean, when foreigners happen to be masters of a country. But in that case, there is nothing in the country, do what you will, that can be compared to regular government. The only interest of the oppressed nation is then to recover, if possible, its independence; and, as in a prison, silence is more likely to soften the jailor than complaint, we should be silent so long as chains are imposed at once on our thoughts and our feelings.
A merit of the highest kind which belonged, beyond dispute, to the Constituent Assembly was that of always respecting the principles of freedom, which it proclaimed. Often have I seen sold at the door of an assembly more powerful than ever was a king of France, the most bitter insults to the members of the majority, their friends, and their principles. The Assembly forebore likewise to have recourse to any of the secret expedients of power, and looked to no other support than the general adherence of the country. The secrecy of private correspondence was inviolate, and the invention of a ministry of police did not then figure in the list of possible calamities.3 The case in regard to the police is the same as in regard to the restraint on newspapers: the actual state of France, occupied by foreign troops,4 can alone give a proper conception of its cruel necessity.
When the Constituent Assembly, removed from Versailles to Paris, was, in many respects, no longer mistress of its deliberations, one of its committees thought proper to take the name of Committee of Inquiries, appointed to examine into the existence of some alleged conspiracies denounced in the Assembly. This committee was without power, as it had no spies or agents under its orders, and the freedom of speech was besides wholly unlimited. But the mere name of Committee of Inquiries, analogous to that of the inquisitorial institutions adopted by tyrants in church and state, inspired general aversion;5 and poor Voydel, who happened to be president of this committee, although perfectly inoffensive, was not admitted into any party.
The dreadful sect of Jacobins pretended, in the sequel, to found liberty on despotism, and from that system arose all the crimes of the Revolution. But the Constituent Assembly was far from adopting that course; its measures were strictly conformable to its object, and it was in liberty itself that it sought the strength necessary to establish liberty. Had it combined with this noble indifference to the attacks of its adversaries, for which public opinion avenged it, a proper severity against all publications and meetings which stimulated the populace to disorder; had it considered that the moment any party becomes powerful, its first duty is to repress its own adherents, this Assembly would have governed with so much energy and wisdom that the work of ages might have been accomplished, perhaps, in two years. One can scarcely refrain from believing that that fatality, which so often punishes the pride of man, was here the only obstacle: for, at that time, everything appeared easy, so great was the union of the public and so fortunate the combination of circumstances.
[1. ] Madame de Staël’s statement must be interpreted in the historical context of the first years of the Bourbon Restoration, during which time the issue of the liberty of the press, one of the pillars of representative government, was widely debated in the Chamber of Deputies. Staël’s friend Benjamin Constant was one of the most important and eloquent defenders of liberty of the press against its critics. Staël favored absolute liberty for books but defended the need for censorship of journals. For more information, see Hatin, Histoire politique et littéraire de la presse en France, vol. 8. For more information about freedom of the press in France since 1789, also see Avenel, Histoire de la presse française depuis 1789 à nos jours; and Livois, Histoire de la presse française. I: Des origins à 1881.
[2. ] The main authors were Rivarol and Peltier. Also see Belanger et al., Histoire générale de la presse française, vol. 1, 475–79.
[3. ] Such a ministry of police was created under the Directory in 1796.
[4. ] Humiliated by its defeat at Waterloo in 1814, France was placed under the supervision of the League of the Holy Alliance represented by Russia, Austria, and Prussia, which had the right to interfere in the domestic affairs of all other European countries. The Allies demanded that France surrender a considerable piece of its territory (including three key cities: Lille, Metz, and Strasbourg), pay an indemnity of 700 million francs, and accept a five-year military occupation (later reduced to three years). As a result of the Treaty of November 1815, France lost at least 500,000 inhabitants and was required to accommodate some 800,000 foreign soldiers, who had to be supplied by means of requisitions.
[5. ] The formation of the Committee of Inquiries was followed by the creation of a Committee of General Security in 1792.
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