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Books by Tom Doak
The Anatomy of a Golf Course
"It is up to the golf architect," writes Ben Crenshaw in his foreword to Tom Doak's fascinating discussion of course design, "to present us with a thinking contest as well as a physical one." Like a puppeteer willing to raise the curtain on the strings he pulls, Doak reveals the secrets of how. The how, as it turns out, is the easy part. It's the demonic thinking behind the whys that makes this so engaging -- and useful. Doak's explanation of the ways a good designer has to muck with golfers' minds is truly absorbing, and is the kind of information that better players can embrace and make work for them.
The Confidential Guide to Golf Courses
This guide features Tom Doak's reviews of more than 800 courses on six continents, aimed at helping the reader decide what courses are worth spending his money to play. The fact that some reviews were negative stirred much controversy when the book was released, but the honesty of the reviews made it highly prized; in 2004 it was named as one of the 25 best books on golf by Travel & Leisure Golf. The Confidential Guide is now out of print, but 12,000 copies were sold, and used copies are occasionally found on eBay and other web sites.
The Making of Pacific Dunes
This work in progress will document in detail the evolution of Pacific Dunes golf course in Bandon, Oregon, from conception to reality. Text focuses on the process of design and the ideas behind the strategy of each hole on the course, as well as the people involved and their input into the finished product. Larry Lambrecht's color photography will be accompanied by photos of the course before and during construction, diagrams of each hole, and by construction notes and drawings.
The Life and Work of Dr. Alister MacKenzie
Considering the fact that he was one of the greatest golf course architects in the history of the game, Dr. Alister MacKenzie has long been something of a puzzle -- if not a mystery. He liked to wear kilts, but he wasn’t a Scotsman. He graduated from medical school, but he never made a living at it. He designed spectacular courses, but he was not a good golfer. At the height of his career he was one of the most sought after designers in the world, but he was nearly broke when he died. The Life and Work of Dr. Alister MacKenzie by Tom Doak, James Scott and Ray Haddock, uses detailed text, four-color photos and vintage maps, drawings and pictures to bring together many pieces of the puzzle. Questions about his boyhood, his military service, his many design trips in various parts of the world, what made him so good at his craft, and why his name is rarely mentioned at the second golf course he ever worked on, are all answered. Golfers, golf historians and students of golf course architecture will learn a lot from this interesting new biography.
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If you were a health insurer and wanting to protect your bottom line you would only want young healthy people in your plan, right? Who would want old sick people?
They will cost you losts of money. You probably wouldn't want people with pre-existing conditions like heart disease, cancer, diabetes either right? What about people with depression? Probably wouldn't want them either.
And life insurance is a problem for these people too. I get requests from life insurance underwriters for my clients records when they have been treated for depression and anxiety disorders. The underwriters are finding out that they were in psychotherapy with me from the patient's health insurance reimbursement history.
I don't know whether to laugh or cry. Depression and anxiety are a part of life. We all suffer from depression and anxiety at one time or another. What better thing than to have someone to talk with about it so you don't suffer and struggle all alone. And yet if I have to worry that my health insurance records might reflect poorly on me in the future, it only adds to my depression and anxiety.
This is the reason that there seems to be a growing trend for people who can afford it, to pay the fee for psychotherapy out of pocket rather than use their insurance. They want to protect their confidentiality. One of my colleagues, who specializes in working with physicians and nurses told me that almost all of them pay him his fee out of pocket, because they don't want to use their insurance. It is interesting that those of us who work "in the system" and understand it best, want to use it least for behavioral health concerns.
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Minnesota has a distinction in this presidential cycle, with two different candidates likely in the race for the Republican nomination. But as a new survey from Public Policy Polling (D) suggests, both former Gov. Tim Pawlenty and Rep. Michele Bachmann would probably lose their home state to President Obama were they the GOP nominee.
Obama leads Pawlenty by a solid 51%-43%, and leads Bachmann by a landslide margin of 56%-35%. Obama’s approval rating in the state is 51%, with a disapproval of 44%. By comparison, Pawlenty’s personal favorable rating is only 40%, with a 53% unfavorable rating, and Bachmann’s personal rating is at 33%-59%.
Obama leads all the other Republicans who were tested, as well: 54%-36% against Newt Gingrich, 56%-36% against Sarah Palin, 51%-36% against Mitt Romney, and 51%-30% against Herman Cain.
It should be noted that Obama won Minnesota by a 54%-44% margin in 2008, and the state has not voted Republican for president since the landslide re-election of Richard Nixon in 1972. And it does not appear that either Pawlenty or Bachmann are well-equipped to change that situation.
The survey of registered Minnesota voters was conducted from May 27-30, and has a 2.9% margin of error.
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Ken Eppstein returns to explain how publishers price their comic in the latest edition of Indie Insights!Ken Eppstein is the editor, writer and publisher of the independent comic Nix Comics Quarterly, a small press anthology.
OK class! Lets talk about putting together part of your business plan! Today's lesson is setting the price of your self published comic book! (Not into it? Blame James Moore from Two Headed Monster Comics. He told me he liked when I talk business planning. If he had told me that he wanted to hear about the Monkees, I would've wrote about Mike Nesmith's hat.)
There are of course as many different ways of valuing art as there are artists. What I'm going to present to you is more or less a standard means of coming up with a price point based on production costs and, in the case of ongoing projects, overhead expenses. There are other ways of doing it and they are all just as valid as the rest. Heck, you could pull a number out of a hat and hope for the best, if you wanted to. What matters in the end is that you're satisfied with the amount of money coming in as it compares to the amount of money going out.Direct Costs:
If you're doing a one shot type deal, you'll need to figure out the direct cost of the book. In this case, your direct cost would be the total of everything that goes into the production of the print run for your book. (And don't be silly. At the very least keep this info in a spreadsheet or some kind of off the shelf accounting software. Above all, keep your receipts!!!!) The cost of printing, paying artists, shipping the books, buying an ISBN for distribution; EVERYTHING that'd you'd like to have reimbursed to you when the book sells.
Divide this total by the number of books printed to give yourself the bare minimum you'll need to charge to break even on each book. (So, if you print 500 books and spent a total of $834 dollars getting the job done, the break even point for each book is $834/500= $1.67 per book.)
Mark up from your book from that amount, bearing in mind that most distributors want a discount of 60-70% off of cover price. So whatever you charge for the book wholesale needs to equal or exceed that break even number. (In our example, for instance, you'd want to set a cover price where you're getting at least $1.67 from the distributor as the wholesale rate. So, if you set the cover price of the a nice even $5.57 you'd get to that magic number. And probably confound anyone looking at the cover price. Go for a nice round number somewhere beyond your break even point instead. The goal is to make at least a little money, right?)Indirect Costs & Overhead:
(Fair warning, this gets a little thick.)
If you're doing an ongoing series or several books under the aegis of a single press, things get a little hairier: You'll quickly notice while you're tallying up expenses you'll run into vexing expenses that don't tie neatly to a specific issue. Say you're running a website to sell all of your books, for instance. Which issue gets the cost of hosting? Well... all of them. You've just ran smack into the nearly invisible menace named overhead
I say nearly invisible, overhead leaves a tell tale shadow in the form of indirect costs. Indirect costs are the things that you have to pay on a recurring basis for the overall good of the series/business. Web hosting fees, advertising costs, table costs at fairs and cons, and vendor license fees are good examples. How do you determine what's an indirect cost as opposed to a direct cost? A good rule of thumb is if an expense could arguably be applied to more more than one issue of your comic, its an indirect expense.
Now that you know what an indirect cost is, its time to remove that cloak of invisibility from your Overhead. Total up all of your direct costs like before, and then do the same with your indirect costs by making a total of all the other expenses you expect to incur for the year. Be comprehensive in your speculation of both what your direct costs and indirect costs will be. List out anything and everything you can think of. Then add at least 10% to that total because you're gonna miss something.
Once you have these separate totals, add the direct and indirect costs together and divide that sum by the direct costs (only). If you were looking for an equation, it'd be Overhead = (Indirect costs+Direct Costs)/Direct costs, dig?
So, going back to our example above, say that comic that costs $1.67 per book to make is a monthly series. The total direct costs for the year would be $10,008. ($834 for one single issue multiplied by 12 months.) Lets say that for the sake of our example that indirect costs of the book would total $2,000. That would get us an overhead percentage of ($2,000+10,008)/$10,008 which equals roughly 1.20%
What do you do with the overhead number? Well, its the number one indicator of how you need to be marking your book up. That $1.67 per book isn't a good break even number anymore because it doesn't reflect the overhead costs. However, if you multiply the overhead rate by the old break even number, you'll get a new minimum price point that accounts for those hidden expenses. ($1.67*1.20% equals approximately $2.00 per book minimum that you should be charging.)
Is this method perfect? Nope. The most basic problem with this method is that it only provides a Break Even number based on selling 100% of your books. That ain't gonna happen, so you're going to have speculate on how many you think you can sell and adjust your price accordingly. Its a lot of research and math work to get you to the point that you can make an educated guess at what you should charge. But hey, like I said, there are other ways to model your biz.
Frankly, this model particularly appeals to me because it makes my business plan feel like an old Champions character sheet. Man, I loved working those old RPGs with point systems. Spend points to raise my END score? No way man... If I use the same points to buy up my CON score I'll get the same effect plus extra ED, REC and STUN. (If you understood that, you have the stuff to figure out overhead. And you're a old nerd like me.)
The important thing is to pick a method and stick to it. They all have perks and pitfalls. (Want make yourself cry? Assign what would seem to be a reasonable hourly pay rate for the work you've put into your comic and use that to figure what you should be charging per book.)
For more information about Ken and Nix Comics Quarterly:http://www.nixcomics.com
Written or Contributed by: Ken Eppsteinhttp://22.214.171.124/index.php/columns/indie-insights/15369-indie-insights-on-setting-your-price.html/
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Connect to share and comment
Analysis: Though widely considered among the favorites, Scherer is not very popular among his Brazilian colleagues.
SAO PAOLO, Brazil — A workaholic who reportedly only sleeps four hours a night and quietly insists his priests use their clerical collars, Brazilian Cardinal Odilo Scherer has something of an austere reputation among his typically informal compatriots.
In the 1970s and 1980s, the Brazilian Catholic Church was headed by charismatic men who helped lead the fight against the country’s military dictatorship, becoming national figures as they rallied millions to the cause of democracy. But at this stable moment in his country’s history, the man known simply as "Dom Odilo" is an altogether more self-contained figure.
The owner of a piercing gaze, Scherer disdains rhetorical flourishes when preaching from the pulpit of Sao Paulo’s metropolitan cathedral, his congregants say. He has criticized some of his more exuberant priests for aping the emotional preaching style of their increasingly numerous Pentecostal rivals who have tempted millions of Brazilians away from Rome in recent decades.
Nevertheless, his position as archbishop to the 6 million Catholics living in the biggest diocese in the world’s most populous Catholic country, means Scherer, 63, has been considered a contender to become the next leader of 1.2 billion Catholics around the world since Pope Benedict’s shock resignation.
It was Benedict who appointed him Sao Paulo’s archbishop in March 2007 and then made him a cardinal eight months later. The retired pope had gotten to observe Scherer closely when he spent the seven years to 2001 in the Vatican’s Curia working in the Congregation for Bishops, the powerful body that advises the pope on appointing bishops.
There he would have noted not only an able administrator but also a doctrinally competent and conservative theologian, a vocal advocate of Brazil’s poor uncontaminated by Liberation Theology, the doctrine that Pope John Paul II and then-Cardinal Ratzinger so feared had infected the Latin American churches with Marxist impurities.
Scherer came from a family of conservative German Catholic immigrants who had settled in southern Brazil, and speaks his parents’ native tongue fluently along with Portuguese and Italian. Relatives say since early childhood he talked of taking holy orders and was ordained at the age of 27, spending most of his early church career in academia.
Special Report: A Global Church
After his stint in Rome under Cardinal Ratzinger’s gaze, Scherer was sent back to Brazil and quickly made a bishop and has been seen ever since by many Brazilian clerics as a man of the Curia, not necessarily a popular role to occupy in any of the national churches.
This became clear when, in 2007, he was a candidate to become president of the National Conference of Bishops in Brazil, perhaps the most important position within the Brazilian church. In a secret vote his opponent defeated him with 92 percent of the vote. At the time Scherer was only settling into his role as archbishop of the country’s largest dioceses and was not yet a national figure. But by 2011 he again missed out on the conference’s presidency, unable to garner the support of more than a third of his colleagues.
These two defeats hint that while Scherer’s candidacy for the papacy has gained vocal support from sections of the Brazilian media and from other members of the Brazilian hierarchy, it is very possible he does not have the backing of a majority of Brazilian bishops.
In part his reputation among his colleagues has suffered because he is viewed as an agent of the Vatican, albeit an extraordinarily efficient one. Those who have worked with him speak of his enormous appetite for work that few others can match, but one whose natural instinct is toward the centralization responsibility to the inevitable benefit of Rome at the expense of local bishops.
This first became apparent when after his turn serving the Congregation for Bishops he returned to Brazil in 2002 as an auxiliary bishop in Sao Paulo. During the Vatican’s wait for the city’s top job to become available, Scherer also served as secretary general of the Brazilian bishops’ conference. The job is less powerful than the presidency he later twice missed out on but the position nevertheless gave him the opportunity to involve himself in church affairs on a national level.
His micro-management reportedly drove bishops across the huge country to distraction and his 2007 elevation to the diocese of Sao Paulo — forcing him to resign as the conference’s secretary general — was reportedly greeted with sighs of relief in cathedrals across Brazil.
Now the conclave must decide if this reserved but hard-driving manager is the man to set to rights a church battered by years of scandal.
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Excise Tax Alert
- First, dentists will not be responsible for collecting, reporting, or paying the new 2.3 percent tax.
- Second, the tax on “devices” specific to dentistry will in many cases be applied to the materials from which dental devices are manufactured rather than to the customized items supplied by a dental laboratory, whether or not a device is ultimately adjusted and adapted by the dentist for a patient. “Device” is used as a term-of-art since many “devices” would be more commonly described as “products,” “materials,” or “substances.”
- Third, the tax will result in some increased costs for dentists and dental patients.
- Fourth, dentists should be alert in reviewing manufacturer and vendor price lists and invoices to make sure that the 2.3% tax is not being applied as a general cost increase with respect to all items, but is only being applied in cases where the law so requires.
The points listed above are derived from the new IRS regulations that “affect manufacturers, importers and producers of taxable medical devices,” as well as from informal conversations about them that the ADA has had with the IRS.
Final regulations published in the Dec. 7 Federal Register apply to sales of taxable medical devices after Dec. 31, 2012. There are some 180,000 taxable devices by IRS estimates, including dental devices approved by the Food and Drug Administration for human use. Of course, the tax will apply to all non-excluded “medical devices” a dental practices uses, but to put things in perspective, the total number of devices that are specific to dentistry based on IRS definitions, is approximately 130.
The regulations do not create a special rule or carve-out for dental devices. Dental devices subject to the tax are those listed by the FDA in the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 872—DENTAL DEVICES. This is the FDA list that places dental devices into Class I, Class II, or Class III. The ADA compiled list includes each of the items designated a “Dental Device” by the FDA and the FDA subcategory into which the device falls. Subcategories include, for example, “Surgical Devices,” and “Therapeutic Devices.” All devices listed are subject to the excise tax unless they fall under an exclusion.
The major exclusion from the device tax is provided by the “retail exemption,” which is a simple test to apply in many cases, but which may be a little more difficult to apply in others. For example, any device/product that appears in the FDA list with the letters “OTC” in front of its name is clearly excluded from imposition of the tax. This “safe harbor” for items explicitly designated as being “over-the-counter” products or devices is easy to understand and apply.
It can also be safely assumed that certain other listed devices, such as power toothbrushes, manual toothbrushes, dental floss, and teething rings are not subject to the tax. In yet other instances, the IRS itself may not be quite sure whether a product is entitled to the retail exemption. Dentists and patients may be the best source of information about such products that might include, for example, intraoral dental wax or mechanical denture cleaners or sleep apnea devices.
When it comes to determining in a closer case whether the retail exemption should apply the IRS has said that it will take a “facts and circumstances” approach. It has designated a number of factors that will go into its evaluative process, but there is no history as yet as to how these factors will be weighted or applied. How long it may take the IRS to do this generally or in a particular situation is anybody’s guess, but given the number of medical devices the IRS estimates there are and considering the many other things that are on the IRS’s plate it’s probably safe to say that it won’t be anytime soon.
Unless contrary guidance is issued in the future, it appears that so long as such “devices” can be purchased at retail the tax will not apply even if they are also sometimes supplied, or even are primarily supplied, by dental laboratories or dental practices.
In reviewing the list of FDA dental devices and applying the retail exclusion, it may seem quite arbitrary as to which devices will and will not be subject to the tax. In fact, certain distinctions may appear downright illogical. This results from the fact that the FDA list was compiled for reasons wholly unrelated to any sort of taxation, but it is now being used by a taxing body for tax determination purposes.
With respect to the “materials” versus “completed device” distinction mentioned earlier, it is perhaps easiest to understand by referring to the items listed under the “Prosthetic Devices” subcategory of the FDA list. Materials used to make prosthetic devices, such as noble metals, or materials used in restorations, such as dental amalgam, appear on the list. But prosthetic devices themselves, such as dentures, are not listed, and the restorations made from restorative materials are not listed either. Closely related to this subject is that, according to what the ADA has heard from the IRS to this point, dentists will not be considered “manufacturers” of dental devices merely because they perform restorations or assemble and adjust prosthetic devices. These means dentists will not be responsible for applying, collecting, or reporting the device excise tax in connection with the work they do, or otherwise.
The Association has urged Congress to repeal this Affordable Care Act tax. Support for delayed implementation appears to be growing in the “lame duck” session of the 112th Congress, and the IRS and Treasury Department “continue to study” such issues as the tax treatment of medical software licenses and the taxability of donated medical devices and medical convenience kits. In fact, the IRS has continued to call for public comments on some of these matters. There is uncertainty, as well, on how the tax may be applied to dental prosthetics and appliances manufactured overseas.
But unless something changes, the first device excise tax deposit from manufacturers and importers, covering the first 15 days of January, is due Jan. 29 under the current rules. However, the IRS offered temporary relief to device manufacturers from timely deposits for the first three calendar quarters of 2013 “in consideration of the short time frame between the effective date of the tax and the due date of the first deposit, and in the interest of sound tax administration.”
Some dentists have received letters from dental laboratories attempting to explain the tax and how it will be applied. At this point, there may be some differences of opinion between various stake holders as to how the tax will work. Bear in mind that dental labs and dental supply companies will likely pass the cost of the tax along to their dentist customers. The ADA plans to reach out to manufacturers and vendors in order to express dentistry’s view of the limits on the device tax and to come to a unified position as to how the tax should be applied and collected. The Association will continue to track the new medical device excise tax and will provide information through Association media including the ADA News.
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Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
- Rhymes: -ɒdi
- (transitive) To represent in a physical form; to incarnate or personify
- As the car salesperson approached, wearing a plaid suit and slicked-back hair, he seemed to embody sleaze.
- 2012 November 7, Matt Bai, “Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, New York Times:
- The generational shift Mr. Obama once embodied is, in fact, well under way, but it will not change Washington as quickly — or as harmoniously — as a lot of voters once hoped.
- (transitive) To include or represent, especially as part of a cohesive whole
- The US Constitution aimed to embody the ideals of diverse groups of people, from Puritans to Deists.
- The principle was recognized by some of the early Greek philosophers who embodied it in their systems.
Derived terms
To represent in a physical form; to incarnate or personify
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NREL Technologies Win National AwardsFor more information contact:
e:mail: Public Affairs
Golden, Colo., August 10, 1998 Technologies developed in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have been selected to receive two 1998 R&D 100 awards by R&D Magazine. The annual awards recognize the year's 100 most significant technological innovations.
"Cutting-edge research by NREL and its industry partners is helping innovative renewable energy technologies move into the future - and into American households," said NREL Director Richard Truly. "NREL has won 23 R&D 100 awards since 1982, which highlights the positive contribution the lab has made to the development of clean energy technologies."
The magazine identified the UNI-SOLAR Triple-Junction Amorphous-Silicon Solar-Electric Module as one of the most important advances of 1998. With NREL's support, United Solar Systems Corp. of Troy, Mich., developed the module, which uses three active solar cell layers. Each layer is tuned to differing wavelengths of light to more efficiently convert the sun's light into electricity. New materials were developed to capture the differing wavelengths and innovative device designs were adopted to yield high efficiency (12 percent for a cell, 10.2 percent for a prototype module, 7.6 percent for a commercial module) from amorphous silicon, which is less expensive to produce than crystalline silicon used in most commercial solar cells. The resulting product is lighter and more flexible, making it suitable for innovative uses such as roofing shingles.
Funding and support were provided by DOE through NREL's National Center for Photovoltaics and the Thin Film PV Partnership to help reduce the cost of solar-electric technologies.
NREL also earned 1998 R&D 100 honors for its part in the development of the High-Throughput Biomass Gasifier, which converts renewable biomass resources such as wood waste or plant material into gas for electric power generation. The new gasification technology can produce electricity for about half the cost of other biomass power systems.
Invented by Battelle of Columbus, Ohio, and commercialized by the Future Energy Resources Corp. of Atlanta, Ga., with assistance from NREL and Vermont's Burlington Electric Department, the gasifier heats biomass indirectly with hot sand and steam. It produces a medium heating value gas with about half the energy content of natural gas.
A commercial-scale gasifier now in operation at the McNeil Generating Station in Burlington, Vt., daily converts 200 dry tons of waste wood to gas. The process also has been successfully demonstrated with other biomass materials such as switch grass, sawdust and prepared municipal solid waste.
Development was funded by DOE's Office of Utility Technology's Biomass Power Program. The project supports DOE's mission to develop new commercially feasible technologies that use renewable energy to generate electricity and reduce pollution without creating greenhouse gasses.
Under Secretary of Energy Ernest Moniz said, "Once again, the scientists and engineers at DOE laboratories are being recognized by garnering a third of this year's prestigious R&D 100 awards. This says more clearly than any words can express how DOE labs serve as an important engine of American innovation."
A panel of experts from a variety of fields chose the R&D 100 winners from entries submitted by private industry, government laboratories and academic research centers. The awards will be presented Sept. 24 at a ceremony in Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry.
Visit NREL on line at www.nrel.gov.
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9:00 a.m. - 6:30 p.m. Monday thru Thursday
9:00 a.m. - 2:30 p.m. Friday
Glendale College has counseling services to help students have a successful college experience. One important aspect of having students receive the best possible advice concerning educational and career goals involves working with counseling services. Our counselors assist students in dealing with most problems and concerns that may interfere with their success.
New students need to attend Academic Advising Session offered during the Summer/Winter inter-sessions.
Check out our online orientation!
Counseling and Academic Advisement are available on a drop-in basis for quick questions or 30 minute appointments. To schedule an appointment please call (818) 240-1000 ext 5918
Counselors can help students
Explore career, educational, and personal goals.
Plan a program of studies to meet the educational requirements of your goal.
Develop a Student Educational Plan (S.E.P.). One of the most important counseling services offered to students is the development of an S.E.P. The S.E.P. is a road map of courses which students need to take to reach their educational goals. It is important for students to develop their educational plans with their counselor during their first year of college or shortly after completing a total of 15 units.
Choose courses appropriate to your goal.
Select services needed to help you while you are enrolled at the college.
Choose the most appropriate university to transfer to and plan your courses for transfer.
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Evidence for Exercise Training
Fifty years ago, the most common advice given to patients who had experienced an MI was to take several weeks of complete bed rest (3). Today, however, exercise training is an ordinary part of treatment for people with CHD. Cardiac rehabilitation programs use a multidisciplinary approach of education and exercise to help clients with heart disease return to normal function within the limits of their disease (14).
There is no question that patients with CHD have improved cardiovascular function as a result of exercising. This is evidenced by higher V.O2max values, higher work rates achieved without ischemia (as shown by angina pectoris or ST segment changes), and an increased capacity for prolonged submaximal work (7, 19, 21). Moderate reductions in body fat, BP, total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and LDL-C have been shown to occur with regular exercise, along with increases in HDL-C. The improved lipid profile is a function of more than the exercise alone, given that weight loss and the saturated-fat content of the diet can modify these variables.
A major focus of cardiac rehabilitation programs is to reduce the occurrence of subsequent MIs (3). This is referred to as secondary prevention of CHD. The Framingham Heart Study has shown that people who have experienced one heart attack are at increased risk of a second heart attack. Further, the likelihood of recurrence clearly is associated with many of the same risk factors that caused atherosclerosis in the first place. Thus, cardiac rehabilitation personnel must monitor BP, blood cholesterol levels, and smoking in their patients. In general, research has shown that a cardiac rehabilitation program involving exercise results in a 20% to 25% reduction in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality after an MI. This is good news, because it indicates that such patients derive a substantial benefit from participating in cardiac rehabilitation. In addition, patients gain an improved sense of well-being (14).
One of the most exciting developments in cardiac rehabilitation in recent years is the demonstration that lifestyle modification can reverse CAD. Ornish and colleagues (18) conducted a series of studies in which they showed that a program consisting of a strict vegetarian diet, yoga, meditation, smoking cessation, and physical activity reversed the atherosclerotic process. Patients in this study showed actual reversal of blockages in their coronary arteries, lending credibility to the idea that this condition can, in some cases, be treated with nonsurgical interventions. The lifestyle intervention group had more regression of CHD after 5 yr than after 1 yr, while the control group (which made more modest changes in lifestyle) showed continued progression of atherosclerosis and more than twice as many cardiac events.
Special Diagnostic Tests to Detect Coronary Heart Disease
Testing a patient with CHD is much more involved than testing the apparently healthy person. There are some classes of patients with CHD for whom exercise or exercise testing is inappropriate and dangerous (2). (See chapter 7 for absolute and relative contraindications to exercise.) In others, however, the benefits of a graded exercise test (GXT) outweigh the risks. Diagnostic exercise testing is nearly always performed in a hospital environment with a physician present. A 12-lead ECG is monitored at discrete intervals during the GXT, and three leads are displayed continuously on an oscilloscope. BP, RPE, and various signs and symptoms also are noted. Emergency equipment includes a defibrillator, supplemental oxygen, and emergency medications. Personnel trained and certified in advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) are on hand to provide assistance if needed.
Treadmill tests commonly used in diagnostic exercise testing are the Naughton, Balke, Bruce, and Ellestad protocols, named after their developers (2). These protocols are all GXTs that increase speed or grade at regular intervals to increase the exercise intensity. For those who are unable to perform treadmill exercise, a cycle test or arm ergometer test may be used. The criteria for terminating the GXT focus on various pathological signs (e.g., ST segment depression on the ECG) or symptoms (e.g., angina pectoris) rather than on achieving some percentage of age-adjusted maximal HR (2). A subjective angina scale may be used to assess the severity of the symptoms (see table 18.1).
Other tests of heart function include radionuclide procedures, typically administered in conjunction with either exercise or pharmacological (nonexercise) stress tests (5, 6, 16). In the latter case, the pharmacologic agents provoke myocardial ischemia through either increased myocardial oxygen demand or coronary vasodilation. For instance, thallium-201 (a radioactive substance) can be injected intravenously to assess myocardial perfusion. Thallium is taken up by well-perfused myocardium similarly to the way potassium is taken up. Ischemic myocardium tends not to take up the thallium, thus identifying areas of the heart with poor blood flow. Another technique involves a radioisotope that binds to the red blood cells (technetium-99m), which is useful for cardiac blood pool imaging. This allows the end-systolic volume (ESV) and end-diastolic volume (EDV) to be measured, and the ejection fraction then can be computed as follows: Ejection fraction = (EDV − ESV) ÷ EDV. A normal ejection fraction is 55% to 70%, but a person with a severely damaged myocardium may have an ejection fraction of only 30%. Ventricular wall motion abnormalities also can be identified (6).
The most definitive tests for CHD are coronary angiography and positron emission tomography (PET) scans. In angiography, a cardiac catheter is inserted into the femoral artery and pushed all the way up the aorta until it reaches the entrance to a coronary artery, where the curved tip of the catheter guide allows it to be inserted into the artery. A contrast dye is injected through the catheter into the coronary artery. By viewing an image of the coronary arteries on a screen, the cardiologist can measure the degree of occlusion (narrowing) that exists (see figure 18.4). PET scans use [18F]deoxyglucose or [13N]ammonia. These substances allow the level of myocardial cell metabolism to be assessed. Metabolically active areas, indicative of good perfusion, can be distinguished from underperfused areas by color.
Special types of diagnostic tests can determine whether a patient has CHD. Using GXTs on the treadmill (with close monitoring of the ECG and BP) is a common method of detecting signs and symptoms of heart disease. Radionuclide tests can more definitively confirm the presence or absence of heart disease.
Typical Exercise Prescription
Fitness professionals who work in health clubs and YMCAs often encounter clients who have gone through a cardiac rehabilitation program. Thus, it is important to have an understanding and appreciation of what these clients have experienced during their recovery process. In addition, many individuals with a master’s degree in exercise physiology can, with the proper training, find jobs in cardiac rehabilitation. As part of a team of medical professionals that includes physicians, nurses, dieticians, physical therapists, and clinical psychologists, the fitness professional can play an important role in helping patients to resume a healthy life after a heart event (20). A fitness professional working in cardiac rehabilitation must be vigilant about monitoring the signs and symptoms of heart disease. This involves knowing how to read an ECG, take BP readings, and administer the angina rating scale (refer back to table 18.1). Fitness professionals should be trained in emergency procedures and preferably should achieve certification in ACLS.
The details of how to design and implement cardiac rehabilitation programs, from the first steps taken after patients are confined to bed to the time that they return to work and beyond, are provided in the AACVPR guidelines (3). This section briefly introduces these programs.
Cardiac rehabilitation programs are organized in progressive phases of programming to meet the needs of clients and their families. Phase I (the acute phase) begins when a patient arrives in the hospital step-down unit after leaving the intensive or coronary care unit (14). Within 1 to 3 days of the MI or revascularization procedure, the patient has already been taught the risk factors for atherosclerotic disease and begun the rehabilitation process. Patients are exposed to orthostatic or gravitation stress by intermittently sitting and standing. Later, bedside activities and slow ambulation (i.e., walking) in the hallways are recommended (3).
Phases II and III refer to outpatient exercise programs conducted in a hospital environment. Rhythmic activities using large muscle groups are recommended for physical conditioning; these activities include treadmill exercise, cycle ergometry, combined arm and leg exercise, rowing, and stair-climbing. Light to moderate resistance training is accomplished with free weights (dumbbells) and elastic tubing. Special care must be taken when prescribing upper-body exercises to clients who have undergone CABG procedures because of limitations related to the chest incision. See chapter 13 for more details on resistance training in cardiac populations.
Recommendations for aerobic exercise programming in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (phases II and III) are as follows, with patients progressing on an individual basis (9-11):
- Frequency: 3 to 4 days ? wk−1
- Intensity: 40% to 75% of V.O2max or HRR
- Duration: 20 to 40 min ? day−1
- 5 to 10 min of warm-up and cool-down exercises
Fitness professionals who work in cardiac rehabilitation must have knowledge of cardiovascular medications (for a description of these, see chapter 25). Patients who are on beta-blockers require special consideration, because the Karvonen formula for computing THR range is invalid if the client was not on beta-blockers at the time of testing. For these patients, a THR is sometimes computed by adding 20 to 30 beats · min−1 to the client’s standing, resting HR. However, in view of the wide differences in physiological responses to beta-blockade, another approach is to use RPE ratings around somewhat hard, which correspond to 11 to 14 on the original Borg RPE scale (3).
In phase II, clients are monitored carefully for vital signs (HR, BP, ventilation), and the ECG is monitored at a central observation station via telemetry (radio signals). A single-channel recording of 6 to 10 patients can be monitored simultaneously on a computer screen, and in the event of arrhythmias or ST segment changes, a rhythm strip is printed out. The rate–pressure product (SBP ? HR) is sometimes used as an indicator of myocardial oxygen demand. After training, the rate–pressure product at a fixed work rate is reduced, allowing the cardiac patient to exercise at higher work rates before the onset of angina (20). In addition to exercise classes, patient education classes are offered, and they cover topics such as healthy eating, stress management, cardiovascular medications, and principles of behavior modification. Phase II programs typically last about 12 wk and are covered by health insurance.
Phase III programs are hospital-based programs in which outpatients are encouraged to continue their exercise regimens and are provided access to continuing health care and patient education. In these cases, the client’s ECG usually is not monitored by telemetry, but clients continue to follow an individualized exercise prescription and attend patient education classes. Eventually, clients may enter the maintenance phase and move to a phase IV program in a nonhospital setting (e.g., sports medicine clinic).
For heart patients who are unable to attend a traditional cardiac rehabilitation outpatient program due to geography or finances, there are other options. Many hospitals offer rehabilitation programs following a distance-education model and can even monitor a client’s ECG over the Internet. In addition, a group called Mended Hearts (mendedhearts.org/) offers support-group meetings and online resources to help clients with heart disease and their families deal with the physical and emotional effects of heart disease.
Cardiac rehabilitation programs are divided into four phases. Phase I is the acute phase, performed while the patient is still in the hospital. Phases II and III are conducted on an outpatient basis, and phase IV is the maintenance phase. Cardiac patients can benefit from aerobic and resistance training, but working with this population requires special knowledge of their medical conditions.
1. Define atherosclerosis, and list three alterable cardiovascular risk factors that promote the atherosclerotic process.
2. Describe what will happen if an atherosclerotic plaque leads to a blockage in blood flow to a carotid artery, coronary artery, or femoral artery.
3. Where does CVD rank among causes of death in the United States today? What are four subcategories of CVD?
4. Describe the effects of aerobic exercise on people with hypertension. What are some other recommended treatments for hypertension?
5. List four specific patient populations who are commonly referred to cardiac rehabilitation programs.
6. What evidence is there that exercise training can be beneficial for individuals with CHD?
7. One of the goals of any cardiac rehabilitation program is secondary prevention of CHD. Explain what this means.
8. Identify diagnostic tests that can be used to detect the presence of CHD.
9. Outline the recommendations for aerobic exercise programming in phase II and phase III cardiac rehabilitation in terms of frequency, intensity, duration, and mode. Is weight training recommended?
10. Why is the Karvonen formula often not very useful in establishing a THR for a cardiac patient?
You can check your answers by referring to appendix A.
1. John is a 46-yr-old male. He is an insurance executive who is married with two children. John is active in his church and plays golf on the weekends. He went to see his cardiologist because he experienced recent fatigue with chest pain on exertion. He has never smoked but he consumes 1 to 2 alcoholic drinks a day. His medical history reveals a blood cholesterol level of 263 mg · dl−1, a triglyceride level of 195 mg · dl−1, and an HDL-C value of 45 mg · dl−1. Considering his sex, age, symptoms, and risk factors, what do you think is the likelihood he has CHD? What would be a reasonable next step to diagnose the presence or absence of CHD?
2. Jane is a 61-yr-old retired female. She recently underwent a left heart catheterization, which revealed significant occlusion in the left anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery. Therefore, a balloon angioplasty procedure was performed. Approximately 2 wk later, she performed a GXT with the following results:
Protocol: Balke (3.3 mi · hr−1, or 5.3 km · hr−1)
Resting: HR = 72 beats · min−1, BP = 130/72 mmHg
End point: stage 3 for 1 min (approximately 7 METs)
HR = 126 beats · min−1, BP = 160/90 mmHg
Reason for termination: Fatigue
No ST segment depression, no reported symptoms
Jane was taking atenolol (a beta-blocker) at the time of her test, and her physician instructed her to continue taking this medication. She was referred to the cardiac rehabilitation center for supervised exercise and risk-factor modification. List some types of exercise that would be appropriate for her. In addition to the mode, be sure to recommend an appropriate frequency, intensity, and duration of exercise.
3. Ralph is a 65-yr-old male who had CABGs on two coronary arteries (left anterior descending and circumflex). Both arteries were 75% occluded at the time of his surgery, which involved a sternectomy. His sternum was cut and separated, and the saphenous vein in his leg was harvested to obtain the grafting material; the sternum was then closed and fastened with stainless steel wires that are still in his chest. Ralph has completed phase I cardiac rehabilitation and has now been referred to an outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program 3 wk postoperative. He has inquired about a weight training program as part of his 12 wk phase II cardiac rehabilitation. What type of resistance training program would you design for this cardiac patient?
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USC Annenberg-Los Angeles Times poll shows local television news attracts voters
Even as online news sources make inroads, voters still rely on local television for their daily news more than any other news source, according to a national survey released on the eve of the Republican National Convention.
More than half of voters — 58 percent — said they watch local television news broadcasts daily, with older Americans far more likely than younger voters to rely on television for their news, according to results from the USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism-Los Angeles Times Poll on Politics and the Press.
Thirty-nine percent of voters said they read their local newspaper in print or online each day, according to the poll.
Voters were less likely to follow national news sources on a daily basis: Thirty-five percent of voters said they watch the national nightly network news each day, and 16 percent said they read a national newspaper like USA Today, The Wall Street Journal or The New York Times daily, either in print or online.
“There’s no question that the political news universe is changing — just not quite as quickly as we thought,” said Dan Schnur, director of the Jesse M. Unruh Institute of Politics at USC. “The gap between older voters and the younger smartphone generation is immense. But even in an Internet and social networking world, when it comes to political news and information, local television is still king.”
For radio news, voters were more likely to tune into National Public Radio on a daily basis (19 percent) than conservative talk shows like the Rush Limbaugh Show (12 percent).
For political opinions, voters were most likely to first turn to television (55 percent) over online sources (35 percent) or a print newspaper (14 percent).
One in four voters reported getting their news on a daily basis from Facebook — giving the social networking site a larger direct daily reach than most cable news networks.
Comparatively, 19 percent of voters said they get news on a daily basis from MSNBC, 21 percent tuned into CNN and 33 percent sought updates on Fox News.
Younger voters were most likely to rely on Facebook for their news: More than half of voters aged 18 to 29 said they log onto the website for their daily news and information, the poll showed.
Of those who rely on Facebook for daily news, 58 percent said it was mostly news they had already seen or heard about, and 29 percent said it was new information to them.
“These findings underscore the need for well-trained journalists at every level,” said Geoffrey Cowan, USC University Professor and director of USC Annenberg’s Center on Communication Leadership & Policy. “For voters, local television and newspapers remain the top source for information. In addition, our questions document the growing use of digital and social media as a source for breaking news and analysis, especially among younger voters.”
Getting news on smartphones
The USC Annenberg-Los Angeles Times Poll also showed the way voters consume news has much to do with their age.
Older voters were much more likely to rely on television for their news: Seventy percent of voters over 49 years old said they got most of their news from TV, compared to 50 percent of 18-to-49-year-olds.
But younger voters were more likely to pick up a tablet or smartphone to get their news: Twenty percent of 18-to-49-year-olds said they get most of their news on these mobile devices, compared to just 3 percent of voters over 49 years old.
Younger voters, aged 18 to 49, were also three times more likely to use Facebook as a daily news source and twice as likely to use blogs or news aggregators than voters over 49 years old.
Latinos were the most likely of any racial group to get most of their news on a smartphone or tablet (21 percent), compared to 16 percent of blacks and 10 percent of whites who get their news the same way.
Liberal media bias?
A plurality of voters polled believes the news media skews liberal, though this belief was largely split along party lines.
Republicans were more concentrated in the belief that news operates with ideological bias, the poll showed.
Forty percent of voters said the media is too liberal, 29 percent said it was ideologically balanced and 13 percent thought the news media skewed conservative.
Among Republicans, 70 percent said the media is too liberal, while just 20 percent of Democrats thought the media was too conservative.
Forty-seven percent of Republicans and 50 percent of conservatives watch Fox News on a daily basis, while just 30 percent of Democrats and 31 percent of liberals watch MSNBC daily, the poll showed.
“Republicans and conservatives are coalesced around watching Fox News much more than Democrats and liberals watch MSNBC,” said David Kanevsky, research director of American Viewpoint, a Republican polling firm.
Forty-four percent of Democrats described the media as ideologically balanced, compared to just 16 percent of Republicans.
“Democratic voters are more trusting of the vast majority of news media sources than are Republicans,” said Drew Lieberman, vice president at the Democratic polling firm Greenberg Quinlan Rosner. “As a result, they tend to consume more news, and so the more media you consume, the more likely you are to vote for President Obama.”
Local news most trusted
Despite those findings, 64 percent of voters agreed with the statement that “the news media provides me with useful and important information,” compared to 29 percent who thought the news media provided irrelevant and unimportant information.
A majority of voters overwhelmingly said they look for news and headlines that don’t have a particular point of view (52 percent), and 19 percent said they look for sources that share their political point of view.
Younger voters were far more trusting of news sources than older voters. Voters aged 18 to 49 gave higher scores to nearly every news medium — except for Fox News and conservative talk radio — than voters older than 49 years old.
Local TV news also came out on top as the most trustworthy source of news, earning the highest ranking from voters among the various mediums.
On a scale of 0 (no trust) to 10 (completely trust), voters gave local TV news a mean score of 6.6.
Local newspapers earned a mean score of 6.2, and national newspapers like USA Today, The Wall Street Journal or The New York Times earned a 6.0 mean score.
Democrats gave higher scores to nearly every news source — except for Fox News and conservative talk radio — than did Republicans. Democrats and Republicans agreed on Facebook, with both voter groups giving the website a mean score of 3.
The poll surveyed 1,009 registered voters nationwide from Aug. 13-19 with a margin of error of plus or minus 3.1 percentage points.
The USC Annenberg-Los Angeles Times Poll on Politics and the Press is a project of the Center on Communication Leadership & Policy at USC Annenberg. It was conducted on behalf of USC and the Los Angeles Times by Republican polling firm American Viewpoint and Democratic polling firm Greenberg Quinlan Rosner.
For more results, crosstabs and poll methodology, visit gqrr.com/index.php?ID=2780
Follow all election news coverage at Election 2012, a resource for journalists and others interested in politics created by USC Media Relations.
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Australia court rules Red Cross not required to accept blood from homosexual donors Christian Ehret at 9:50 AM ET
[JURIST] A Tasmanian anti-discrimination court Wednesday upheld [decision text] an Australian Red Cross [organization website] policy [text] to refuse blood donations from sexually active homosexual males. Petitioner Michael Cain tried to donate blood in 2004 but his offer was refused after he affirmatively answered an inquiry into whether he "had male-to-male sex" in the past 12 months. Cain challenged the policy before the Tasmanian Anti-Discrimination Tribunal [official website], claiming that the Red Cross discriminated against him as a homosexual and in regards to his lawful sexual activity. The Red Cross maintained that homosexual sex is grounds for deferral because of the risk of an undiagnosed HIV infection. Cain argued that the risk of HIV transmission does not lie with homosexual sex but rather with unsafe sexual practices and that homosexual men in stable, monogamous relationships who practice safe sex should be allowed to donate. The tribunal held that Cain's complaint was unsubstantiated and that the conduct of the Red Cross did not amount to direct or indirect discrimination under the Anti-Discrimination Act of 1998 [text].
Last year, Canadian prosecutors dropped charges [JURIST report] against former Canadian Red Cross national medical director Dr. Roger Perrault, who had been implicated in Canada's tainted blood scandal [CBC backgrounder]. The charges were related to the use of tainted blood products by the Canadian Red Cross in Canada in the 1980s and 1990s, a public health disaster that infected more than 20,000 people with hepatitis C and more than 1,000 people with HIV. Perrault and three other defendants were acquitted [JURIST report] in October 2007 of charges associated with distributing the tainted blood.
Paper Chase is JURIST's real-time legal news service, powered by a team of 30 law student reporters and editors led by law professor Bernard Hibbitts at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law. As an educational service, Paper Chase is dedicated to presenting important legal news and materials rapidly, objectively and intelligibly in an accessible, ad-free format.
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Lawyer, Suffragist —
PHOEBE COUZINS, A LAWYER AND SUFFRAGIST, was born on Sept. 8, 1842 in St. Louis. In 1869, Washington University Law School admitted Couzins, becoming one of the first schools in the country to offer a woman an education in jurisprudence. She graduated in 1871 and, in the course of her life, was admitted to the bar associations of Missouri, Arkansas, Utah and Kansas, and the Dakota Territory federal courts. She was the second woman in the United States to graduate from law school, the second admitted to a bar association and the third allowed to practice law nationwide. At her graduation celebration, she explained her motivation for earning a law degree, claiming to be spurred “solely by a desire to open new paths for women.”
Couzins served as a delegate to the American Equal Rights Association convention held in St. Louis in October 1869. Susan B. Anthony was present, and after the convention, Couzins joined with Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to form the more radical National Woman’s Suffrage Association. She lectured extensively around the country and served as an associate delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1876.
In the late 1890s, Couzins began to draw away from the suffrage movement. After her father’s death, she succeeded him in his position and become the first female U.S. marshal. Phoebe Couzins died in St. Louis Missouri on December 6, 1913.
Photograph provided by Missouri Historical Society — St. Louis
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A lifeline brings families out from the cold
By Kim Christiansen/ Special to The Portland Observer
It’s 6:30 p.m. on a rainy weekday and a line of homeless families snake around the corner of Parkrose Community United Church of Christ.
Those in line, half of them children, have exhausted all other housing options and have no place else to go.
At 7 p.m., the homeless will file into the Human Solutions’ Family Winter Shelter, where the church space provides a warm place to spend the night and a hot meal, but also a chance at obtaining housing.
On any given night in Portland, more than 4,500 local people have nowhere to live, one-third of them families with children.
The Winter Family Shelter is part of an expandable system developed by Multnomah County and the Family Shelter to Housing Partnership to protect the health of vulnerable homeless people in families.
Due to limited space and funding, only homeless families with children and single-pregnant women are allowed in the winter shelter, open until spring. The rest are referred to other shelters in the area.
This year the winter shelter can sleep up to 80 people, up from 60 the year prior. If the shelter exceeds its capacity during the winter, another church will open its doors to bring homeless families inside.
Families arrive in the evening, and must be out by morning. Last month, between 40 and 60 adults and children slept on cots throughout the church’s three available rooms. The number of children – from infants to teens – has ranged from 10 to as many as 29.
During the day, the homeless can go to Human Solution’s Daybreak shelter, where those without families are also refereed. The daybreak shelter has a capacity of 15 people, but is open day and night all year long.
According to Jean DeMaster, Human Solutions’ executive director, there is a higher percentage of people of color in the shelter system than the percentage of people of color living in Multnomah County.
In 2011, she said that of the 96 percent of people staying at the daybreak shelter, about 22 percent identified themselves as African-American, triple the 5.6 percent of African-Americans living in Multnomah County.
The winter shelter housed 555 people during 2011 to 2012, and about 23 percent identified themselves as African-American.
Emergency shelters are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to serving homeless families.
Human Solutions’ goal is to get families out of shelter and into stable, safe housing as soon as possible.
Once a homeless family has housing, the family can begin working with a family advocate or housing specialist at Human Solutions to devise a plan to permanently stabilize their situation.
A 34-year-old father, Rahsaan Vernon, for example, was couch-surfing with his two young children after he had removed his children from an unsafe domestic situation.
Child Protective Services referred him to Human Solutions’ Family Winter Shelter.
“This is my first time in a shelter, but it has been a blessing,” Vernon said. “I really feel like I’m at home. The employees and volunteers here go out of their way to make people feel safe and welcome.”
After a week’s stay at the shelter, Vernon’s housing specialist delivered the good news: he and his children will be moving into an apartment soon.
As the largest provider of shelter and housing for homeless families in Multnomah County, Human Solutions serves more than 740 homeless people in 250 homeless families on any given night.
“We are here to provide emergency shelter and housing so families with children do not have to sleep in their cars or outside in dangerous situations,” said DeMaster.
But our ultimate goal is to help homeless families obtain permanent affordable housing, as well as provide the job training people need to find work so they can maintain their housing and support themselves and their families,” she said.
City funding does not cover all costs to keep Human Solutions’ shelters and programs in operation.
The non-profit relies on the community to donate food and clothing to help sustain families during their shelter stay.
Dennis’ 7 Dees Landscape and Gardening Centers raised more than $57,000 to support homeless family programs at a golf tournament this fall, and is now collecting blankets for homeless families at its three Portland-area locations.
Families use the blankets while at the shelter and take them when they leave. Other urgently needed items include pillows, bus tickets, disposable plates and utensils, and hygiene products, including toothpaste, toothbrushes, and diapers.
Homeless families at the Winter Family Shelter do not have an evening meal or breakfast unless people in the community donate food for them to eat.
For more information on donating or volunteering, contact Amie Diffenauer at 503-841-1728 or email@example.com. For a complete list of needed items or to obtain more information, visit www.humansolutions.org.
To contact Human Solutions about services, call 503-548-0200.
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June 15, 1991 |
The South African army ran a multimillion-dollar covert scheme, code-named Operation Agree, to prop up its political friends during 1989 elections in Namibia and smear the favored South-West Africa People's Organization, a former military agent said Friday.
June 12, 1989
Hundreds of Angolans are fleeing into neighboring Namibia to escape fighting between right-wing rebels and Angolan government troops, a Namibian government spokesman said. Up to 700 Angolans were reported to have entered northern Namibia, causing a major headache for U.N. officials, who are preparing to repatriate thousands of Namibians after years of exile. An international airlift of Namibian refugees starts today, the latest stage in the colony's U.N.-organized transition to independence from South Africa.
December 5, 1999 |
Hundreds of jubilant supporters in Namibia's capital, Windhoek, celebrated the runaway victories of President Sam Nujoma and his ruling party in the South African nation's third democratic election. With most of the ballots counted, the South-West African People's Organization, or SWAPO, had 77% of the vote. Nujoma, 70, also took 77% of the presidential ballot in winning a third term.
November 2, 1988
South Africa has reportedly agreed to the gist of a U.S. proposal to grant independence to South-West Africa--also known as Namibia--within a year and let Cuban troops remain in neighboring Angola for up to two years, two leading South African newspapers reported. Under this plan, South African forces would withdraw from Namibia and U.S.-sponsored elections would take place, the Citizen, a pro-government newspaper, and Business Day, the country's leading financial daily, said.
November 7, 1989 |
After 23 years of war and 20,000 fatalities, Namibians today will begin a five-day election to choose 72 representatives who will draft a constitution and guide the nation to independence from South Africa next year. The United Nations deployed 1,200 poll watchers in an effort to ensure a fair election. The South-West Africa People's Organization is expected to outpoll nine other parties in the vote.
November 2, 1989 |
South Africa said hundreds of Namibian guerrillas have crossed into Namibia from Angola in the past week. Calling it a "grave threat" to U.N.-supervised Namibian independence elections scheduled for next week, Pretoria said it has put its troops on alert in the South-African controlled territory.
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A look at some events nationwide and around the world on the 11th anniversary of the Sept. 11 attacks:
JERUSALEM - At Israel's Sept. 11 memorial - a 30-foot bronze sculpture of a waving American flag that morphs into a memorial flame - the father of one victim endorsed the crackdown on terrorism. Dov Shefi, the father of Hagay Shefi, who was attending a conference that day in the twin towers, said, "Let us hope that the free world will continue to fight against leaders of terrorist organizations and their supporters; let all the souls of the thousands of victims whose names are marked on this great living memorial in Jerusalem be remembered from here to eternity."
WASHINGTON - President Barack Obama and first lady Michelle Obama laid a wreath at the Pentagon in Arlington, Va., in one of several official observances in and around the nation's capital. Obama recalled a day "when grief crashed over us like an awful wave."
SHANKSVILLE, Pa. - Scores of people began arriving shortly after dawn at the site where a United Airlines jet crashed in southwestern Pennsylvania after the crew and passengers revolted against their hijackers. "Every 9/11 I come out to one of the sites," said Robert Hamel of El Segundo, Calif. Hamel spent the 10th anniversary at the ground zero ceremony in New York City last year, and plans to visit the Pentagon for next year's anniversary. Hamel says he feels a need to be connected to the tragic events of the day.
GLEN ROCK, N.J.: For some communities in the New York City region, 2012 was the first year without an official Sept. 11 memorial observance. The northern New Jersey community of Glen Rock held no organized public commemoration. The Glen Rock Assistance Council and Endowment, a community group set up to help families of the town's 11 victims, decided after months of community meetings that it was time to end the public events and let people remember on their own. "It was a difficult decision," said Brad Jordan, the group's chairman. "We felt this year it was more appropriate for a more personal and private observance."
HEMPSTEAD, N.Y. - Hundreds of people attended a Long Island ceremony. At the event at Point Lookout Beach in Hempstead, residents wrote messages and names of victims on a panorama of the New York City skyline. Some included the names of service men and women serving overseas.
BOSTON - Names of the more than 200 people with direct ties to Massachusetts who died were read by Gov. Deval Patrick, Lt. Gov. Timothy Murray and family members during a ceremony in Boston. A wreath was placed at the state's 9/11 memorial in the Boston Public Garden.
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Time: 620 – 605 BC.
Summary: The book begins with Habakkuk complaining of
injustice in Judah and his inability to understand God's failure to judge the
wicked and morally depraved nation of Babylon. Habakkuk is shown that God's
people must continue to trust in His mercy regardless of the circumstances about
them. The wicked appear to prosper while the righteous are chastened. However,
this prosperity of the wicked is only temporary. God will not abandon those who
obey and follow His commandments: "the just shall live by faith" (Hab
The content of the book, which includes poetic reflections and
a psalm of praise, indicates that Habakkuk was a poet as well as a prophet.
Since the last verse of the book gives a musical notation similar to some
psalms, some students conclude that he was a musician and possibly a Levite.
- Habakkuk's first complaint: Why does evil in Judah go unpunished?: Hab
- God's answer: The Babylonians will punish Judah: Hab
- Habakkuk's second complaint: How can a just God use wicked
Babylon to punish people more righteous than themselves?: Hab 1:12 –
- God's answer: Babylon will be punished, and faith will be rewarded: Hab
- Habakkuk's prayer: Hab
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I've been having some issues with my left knee, which sometimes makes it difficult to walk. Now, I've been a walker for 30 years, so this is not a happy thing for me. But I put a brace on and perservere as best I can.
My favorite walking routine begins with a hill. My knee doesn't like hills or stairs much. And, probably if this hill were further along my route, it wouldn't be such a big deal. But the hill is at the start of my journey and the knee is still stiff and resistant. So the hill looms large.
The other day as I walked up it, I had an epiphany: I don't have to do the damn hill at my usual long, fast stride. I can do it slowly. I can take baby steps.
And guess what? Slowing down and taking smaller steps is all that is necessary to get up the hill without bothering my knee.
The same thing is true in writing. Take writing a book, for example. The thought of it is daunting to many people. All those pages! All those sentences! All those words! How do you go from idea in your head to finished manuscript?
You do it with baby steps, that's how.
Books get written one word at a time. I know, duh. But we forget this.
So, how can you create some baby steps for your book? What follows are some suggestions for a loose path to follow. (My creative muse demands that everything be somewhat loose. He doesn't like being boxed in by routine or rigidity).
1. Brainstorm Topics. Make a list of potential topics. If you're writing fiction, make a list of potential scenes, characters, and settings. This list doesn't have to be organized or in order. It's just a starting point.
2. Freewrite. Now that you've got a list, you can start writing from it. Don't overthink it, don't have an emotional reaction to the topics on your list, just write to them. Set a timer and write for 20 minutes without stopping. By the way, this process will likely create more topics. Add them to your list.
3. Stay Organized. You can be organized without being rigid. Keep your writing in a folder or binder or file on your computer, categorized in a way that makes sense to you.
4. Start to Shape. Now that you've developed some material, you might want to start shaping the flow of the book. You can make piles of finished free writes on the floor, or write topics on index cards and shuffle them about. Again, this process will generate more ideas because you'll see where the holes are.
5. Put it All Together. When you've exhausted your list of topics, and filled in all the missing pieces that #4 revealed, see if you can't make yourself an outline of how you think it goes together.
6. Rewrite. Now its time to make it pretty. Or have it make sense--remember that first drafts can be crazy, wild and free. In this step you think more of the reader and how best to present it to her. Bear in mind that this step is often multiple steps, because most books get revised several times before heading into the world.
7. Submit. Now it's time to send your baby out! Which means you have to quit clutching it to your chest and let go of it. Yes, you really do. Research agents and editors, write yourself a kick-ass query letter and start sending it out.
I know, I know. I make it all sound so simple. Obviously, writing a book is a bit more complex than this. But, in truth, this process I've outlined is the bottom line of how a book gets written using baby steps.
So what are you waiting for? Go write!
How do you take baby steps to write?
Image by mailsparky.
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I don’t know why someone didn’t come up with this sooner and by that I mean “Now why didn’t I think of that?”
The lyrics to David Bowie’s “Space Oddity” have been illustrated and transformed into a wee book for children!
Click on the pictures to enlarge…
…Actually, don’t click on the pictures to enlarge because it doesn’t work and I don’t know why…
Although not usually the style of illustration I go crazy for, I reckon this is a brilliant idea!
From The Independent…
David Bowie’s 1969 song “Space Oddity”, which sees fictional astronaut Major Tom drifting into outer space, has been turned into an unlikely children’s book by a Canadian illustrator.
Andrew Kolb, from southern Ontario, has created an illustrated version of Bowie’s classic track. “It was an entirely personal project,” he said. “The song always played out like a picture book in my head anyway, so I wanted to see if I could make it work. It was for entirely selfish reasons.”
Mr Kolb said the book had a purposefully ambiguous ending, not revealing whether Major Tom chose to leave Earth behind or was cut loose by an asteroid storm. As Tom drifts into space, the song ends with the lyrics: “Planet Earth is blue… and there’s nothing I can do.”
The book is available for download via Mr Kolb’s website, with the illustrator in discussions with HarperCollins for a print run.
View and download the full book on and from Mr. Kolb’s website HERE and let’s keep our fingers crossed that he doesn’t get sued to high Heaven and back again by Ziggy Stardust because I think this is great for kids and an excellent idea in general that will probably catch on right away!
Matter of fact, I’m off to put some illustrations together for Rob Zombie’s “Jesus Frankenstein” right now!
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Episode 14 Recap: Discussing Credit Scores with Liz Pulliam Weston
Recap by: Brian of Building Wealth Together
Liz Pulliam Weston joined hosts JD and Jim on the Personal Finance Hour this week to discuss a very important topic that affects every American adult, their credit scores. Weston writes for MSN twice a week and is an author of three books including Your Credit Score. She writes on a myriad of topics, but often comes back to debt and credit scores making her an exceptional guest to discuss this weeks’ topic.
Weston stated throughout the show that credit scores were built to discover the likelihood of a borrower to default. It is a tool designed by creditors specifically for creditors. The one thing that echoed throughout the episode was if you handled your revolving credit well (credit cards), you are likely to have a good credit score.
Credit Score Myths
The show started by discussing the myths of credit scores. The first myth Weston discussed is the notion that closing an account will help someone’s credit score. People tend to think that they have too much credit and thus it is impacting their score negatively. This is not correct and is usually the opposite. Closing an account will likely negatively affect your credit score because your credit utilization will go in the wrong direction and your credit history with that institution will be lost. She went as far as to say, if you are in credit score improvement mode, your best bet is to leave your current accounts as is (don’t close them).
How Scores Are Calculated
Weston then started to break down how credit scores are calculated. 35% of your credit score is your payment history (do you pay your bills on time?). The next most significant aspect of your credit score is your credit utilization (the amount of credit you have used compared to the amount of credit you possess). Having a high balance on your credit cards can knock your score around. It’s important to note that your credit utilization is looked at each month when your statement closes. This means that if you maxed out your card one month and still plan on paying it off on-time and in full, you can still expect your credit score to take a hit.
Another thing that can really take your score down (as much as 100 points) is a missed payment. This does not include late fees or late payments when you pay a bill a few days late. This is specifically targeted at bills that don’t get paid before being reported to the credit bureaus 30 days after the missed payment.
Impact of Mortgage Inquiries
In the next segment, Jim brought up an interesting point about applying for mortgages. When you apply for a mortgage or are “shopping for credit” your score can be negatively impacted. Weston discussed that checking your credit score yourself will not negatively impact you, but having a friend pull your score at a bank or another institution can have a negative impact as it will look like you are shopping around for credit. The tip that Weston gives to prevent these dings is two-fold. One, applying for credit within a two week span will lump all of the inquiries together and will impact your credit less. Two, inquires won’t show up on your credit report for 30 days, which means you want to do your credit shopping within that time frame to compare apples to apples on interest rates, instead of letting the process drag out over a month’s time.
How To Improve Your Score
Liz said that the best way to get your score up is to pay off your credit cards. It also helps to check your credit report to make sure there are no collections that you owe (library fees, past medical bills, etc.) and that all the accounts on your credit report are yours (be careful of identity theft or of human error that puts someone else’s accounts onto your report).
JD followed the above thought by asking Liz how long it takes for a collection ding to fall off of your credit report. Weston said that its 180 days plus 7 years before it comes completely off of your credit report.
Jim, JD and Liz then fielded a question from the chat room. Green Panda asked why her credit score only went up a handful of points after she paid off the installment loan on her vehicle. Weston stated that you don’t get much bang for your buck with your credit score in regards to paying off an installment loan. However, paying off your credit card is where you will see the major improvement in your score.
The topic of the show eventually shifted to rehabilitating credit scores. Getting approved for an installment loan is a step in the right direction as most creditors do their due diligence before giving out installments loans (present economic crisis excluded). However, you want to have both installment loans and revolving credit to balance your credit report and become more attractive to creditors. Another way to rehabilitate your credit is to sign up for a secured credit card. A secured card can help rebuild credit as it shows you are reliable and able to handle credit properly. One important thing Weston made note of was that credit bureaus are unable to judge you if you stop using credit. This means that forgoing credit cards, loans, etc. for an extended period will not help your credit score. You need to use credit and use it smartly to improve your score.
Listener Calls & Questions
Green Panda in the chat room asked another very good question. What is the optimal number of credit cards to have? The typical adult that has at least one credit card typically has four or five. Weston stated, if you have 12 it’s probably enough, but there are benefits to having more than one card especially as some companies are making efforts to cut limits in these troubled times.
JD asked if credit or debit cards are looked at in the same way by credit bureaus. Weston said no, debit cards often don’t report to the credit bureaus and therefore cannot help your credit score.
The last question from the chat room came from Moneymonk. He asked how long a bankruptcy will affect your credit score and how long it could take to recover from a personal bankruptcy. Weston says that typically it takes ten years for it to be removed from your report depending on which chapter of bankruptcy you file. Weston then followed and said that you would be able to start rebuilding your credit from day one after a bankruptcy; however it may take 5-7 years in this state of our credit crisis to get back to having very good credit. She followed this question with a very moving anecdote about a couple she met and how they struggled prior to declaring bankruptcy. This story is worth listening to.
The lone caller of the program was Andy, who also works with credit scores and has his own website (videocreditscore.comt). Andy mentioned that the people with the highest scores tend to have several paid off installment loans. Even if one installment loan doesn’t help your credit score much, several paid off installment loans can help your credit score. Andy brought up an interesting point that age isn’t looked at by credit bureaus, but credit history is, and you typically have to be 18 in order to get revolving or installment credit. This means people who have had a longer history are likely to have better credit scores, even if you manage your credit perfectly from day one.
Andy finished his call with a fun story where he detailed the activity for his third date with his future wife. He was concerned knowing she was credit card debt, so he had her pull her credit score. This put his mind at ease to see that her score was decent and he felt that they were a better match. Andy mentioned the telling statistic that 80% of all divorces are because of money issues. While this is an odd example of a credit score being put to use, this further stresses the practical implications of your credit report.
The show concluded with a brief discussion about the future of credit scores and what changes we may see in the future. This episode, in particular, offered an opportunity for every listener from every walk of life to take something away about how their credit score is calculated and tactical tips on how to improve their scores.
Next Week’s Episode: JD and Jim will discuss Home Improvement – Do It Yourself or Pay Other People to Remodel Your Home!
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Thyroid from 2008
- Is Synthroid the only treatment for Hashimoto's thyroiditis? (6 Dec 2008)
- I've had type 1 for 23 years and have been gaining weight since pumping and having thyroid issues. How can I stop gaining weight and start losing it? (31 Aug 2008)
- How would untreated Hashimoto's thyroiditis affect blood sugar levels? How might starting a regimen of thyroxine affect sugar levels and/or insulin effectiveness? (18 Aug 2008)
- Recently diagnosed with hypothyroidism, how will Synthroid affect my daughter's insulin/blood sugars? (25 Jun 2008)
- While looking at my teen son's medical records, I saw that he has chronic thyroiditis, but the doctor never told me. What does this mean? Does he need medication for this? (24 Jan 2008)
[ Topical Index | Current Thyroid Questions | Questions from 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 ]
Last Updated: Tuesday April 06, 2010 15:08:50
This Internet site provides information of a general nature and is designed for educational purposes only. If you have any concerns about your own health or the health of your child, you should always consult with a physician or other health care professional.
This site is published by Children With Diabetes, Inc, which is responsible for its contents.
© Children with Diabetes, Inc. 1995-2013. Comments and Feedback.
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Chapter XII.—Council of Milan.
After the death of Constans, Magnentius assumed the chief authority over the Western empire; and, to repress his usurpation, Constantius repaired to Europe. But this war, severe as it was, did not put an end to the war against the Church. Constantius, who had embraced Arian tenets and readily yielded to the influence of others, was persuaded to convoke a council at Milan 517 , a city of Italy, and first to compel all the assembled bishops to sign the deposition enacted by the iniquitous judges at Tyre; and then, since Athanasius had been expelled from the Church, to draw up another confession of faith. The bishops assembled in council on the receipt of the imperial letter, but they were far from acting according to its directions. On the contrary, they told the emperor to his face that what he had commanded was unjust and impious. For this act of courage they were expelled from the Church, and relegated to the furthest boundaries of the empire.
The admirable Athanasius thus mentions this circumstance in his Apology 518 :—“Who,” he writes, “can narrate such atrocities as they have perpetrated? A short time ago when the Churches were in the enjoyment of peace, and when the people were assembled for prayer, Liberius 519 , bishop of Rome, Paulinus, bishop of the metropolis of Gaul 520 , Dionysius, bishop of the metropolis of Italy 521 , Luciferus, bishop of the metropolis of the Isles of Sardinia 522 , and Eusebius, bishop of one of the cities of Italy 523 , who were all exemplary bishops and preachers of the truth, were seized and driven into exile, for no other cause than because they could not assent to the Arian heresy, nor sign the false accusation which had been framed against us. It is unnecessary that I should speak of the great Hosius, that aged 524 and faithful confessor of the faith, for every one knows that he also was sent into banishment. Of all the bishops he is the most illustrious. What council can be mentioned in which he did not preside, and convince all present by the power of his reasoning? What Church does not still retain the glorious memorials of his protection? Did any one ever go to him sorrowing, and not leave him rejoicing? Who ever asked his aid, and did not obtain all that he desired? Yet they had the boldness to attack this great man, simply because, from his knowledge of the impiety of their calumnies, he refused to affix his signature to their artful accusations against us.”
From the above narrative will be seen the violence of the Arians against these holy men. Athanasius also gives in the same book an account of the numerous plots formed by the p. 77 chiefs of the Arian faction against many others:—“Did any one,” said he, “whom they persecuted and got into their power ever escape from them without suffering what injuries they pleased to inflict? Was any one who was an object of their search found by them whom they did not subject to the most agonizing death, or else to the mutilation of all his limbs? The sentences inflicted by the judges are all attributable to these heretics; for the judges are but the agents of their will, and of their malice. Where is there a place which contains no memorial of their atrocities? If any one ever differed from them in opinion, did they not, like Jezebel, falsely accuse and oppress him? Where is there a church which has not been plunged in sorrow by their plots against its bishop? Antioch has to mourn the loss of Eustathius, the faithful and the orthodox 525 . Balaneæ weeps for Euphration 526 ; Paltus 527 and Antaradus 528 for Cymatius and Carterius. Adrianople has been called to deplore the loss of the well-beloved Eutropius 529 , and of Lucius his successor, who was repeatedly loaded with chains, and expired beneath their weight 530 . Ancyra, Berœa, and Gaza had to mourn the absence of Marcellus 531 , Cyrus 532 and Asclepas 533 , who, after having suffered much ill-treatment from this deceitful sect, were driven into exile. Messengers were sent in quest of Theodulus 534 and Olympius 535 , bishops of Thrace, as well as of me and of the presbyters of my diocese; and had they found us, we should no doubt have been put to death. But at the very time that they were planning our destruction we effected our escape, although they had sent letters to Donatus, the proconsul, against Olympius, and to Philagrius 536 , against me.”
Such were the audacious acts of this impious faction against the most holy Christians. Hosius was the bishop of Cordova, and was the most highly distinguished of all those who assembled at the council of Nicæa; he also obtained the first place among those convened at Sardica.
I now desire to insert in my history an account of the admirable arguments addressed by the far-famed Liberius, in defence of the truth, to the emperor Constantius. They are recorded by some of the pious men of that period in order to stimulate others to the exercise of similar zeal in divine things. Liberius had succeeded Julius, the successor of Silvester, in the government of the church of Rome.
Athanasius was condemned at Arles (353) as well as at Milan in 355. At the latter place Constantius affected more than his fathers infallibility, and exclaimed, “What I will, be that a Canon.” Ath. Hist. Ar. §33.76:518
Apol. de fug. §4 and §5.76:519
For the persecution and vacillation of Liberius, “one of the few Popes that can be charged with heresy” (Principal Barmby in Dict. Christ. Biog. s.v.), see also Ath. Hist. Ar. §35 et seqq.76:520
Treves. Dionysius was the successor of St. Maximinus and a firm champion of orthodoxy. Cf. Sulp. Sev. II. 52.76:521
Milan. Paulinus was banished to Cappadocia.76:522
Calaris (Cagliari). Luciferus, a vehement defender of Athanasius, was banished to Eleutheropolis in Palestine. Mr. Ll. Davies (Dict. Christ. Biog. s.v.), thinks the traditional story of the imprisonment of Luciferus at Milan, to prevent his outspoken advocacy of Athanasius, shews internal evidence of probability.76:523
Eusebius, bishop of Vercellæ (Vercelli), was a staunch Athanasian. He was banished to Scythopolis, where the bishop Patrophilus (cf. Book I. chapter VI. and XX.), a leading Arian, was, he says, his “jailer.” (Vide his letters.)76:524
The epithet εὐγηρότατος felicitously describes the honoured old age of the bishop of Cordova—he was now a hundred years old (Hist. Ar. §45)—before his pitiable lapse. He was sent to Sirmium (Mitrovitz).77:525
Cf. Book I. Chap. 20.77:526
Euphration is mentioned also in Hist. Ar. §5. Balaneæ is now Banias on the coast of Syria.77:527
Now Boldo, a little to the N. of Banias.77:528
In Phœnicia, now Tortosa.77:529
“A good and excellent man,” Ath. Hist. Ar. §5.77:530
Vide p. 68, note.77:531
On the question of the orthodoxy of Marcellus of Ancyra (Angora), vide the conflicting opinions of Bp Lightfoot (Dict. Christ. Biog. ii. 342), and Mr. Ffoulkes (id. iii. 810). Ath. (Apol. contra Ar. §47) says of the Council of Sardica, “The book of our brother Marcellus was also read, by which the frauds of the Eusebians were plainly discovered…his faith was found to be correct,” cf. p. 67, note.77:532
The successor of Eustathius at Berœa, cf. p. 41, note 65. Socrates says the statement that Cyrus accused Eustathius of Sabellianism is an Arian calumny (Soc. i. 24; ii. 9).77:533
Asclepas or Æsculapius was at Tyre (p. 62), and was deposed on the charge of overturning an altar, ὡς θυσιαστηριον ἀνατρέψας (Soz. iii. 8).77:534
Vide p. 68.77:535
Bishop of Ænos in Thrace, now Enos. (Hist. Ar. §19.) Here was shown the tomb of Polydorus. Plin. 4, 11, 18. Virgil (Æn. iii. 18) makes Æneas call it Æneadæ, but see Coningtons note.77:536
Philagrius was præfect of Egypt a.d. 335–340. Ath. (Ep. Encyc.) calls him “a persecutor of the Church and her virgins, an apostate of bad character.”
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Mitt Romney said in February that he’s “not concerned about the very poor,” and it appears this is one issue where we can take him at his word.
Rachel Maddow took a look at Romney’s tax plan on Friday. A favorite highlight? Under the Romney plan, households making less than $20,000 would see their taxes increase by more than 60% and people making more than $1 million would get tax cuts averaging 15%.
“The problem that Mitt Romney is trying to fix when it comes to poor people in America is that they have too much money!” Maddow said. “And the government should take some of their money away. It’s a real problem!”
Appallingly, Romney’s approach isn’t unique. Republican lawmakers in Wisconsin, Kansas, and South Carolina have all proposed legislation that aims to slash taxes for the states' wealthiest residents while raising taxes for the poor.
“This is amazing,” Maddow said. “The Republican Party has this anti-tax reputation - but they're only pursuing that agenda for rich people; they're not even just ignoring poor people, they're actively seeking out ways to make poor people more poor... using the tax code. “
Romney said on Friday that he regrets saying he likes “being able to fire people.” Meanwhile, local news station KGTV-10 broadcast a feature on Romney’s new home improvement project – a sophisticated car elevator for his house in La Jolla.
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Shou San Li (LI10) is commonly used for neck tightness, shoulder pain, diarrhea, and tennis elbow.
Shou San Li (LI10) is commonly used for neck tightness, shoulder pain, diarrhea, and tennis elbow. Shou San Li (LI10) is located on the outer surface of the forearm and three fingers breadth below the elbow crease when the elbow is bent 90 degrees. To use acupressure on this point, (1) locate the point then (2) use a deep, firm pressure to massage and stimulate the area for 4-5 seconds.
When applying acupressure, try to relax and breath deeply as you massage the area. The massage and the acupressure can be done by yourself, or by someone else who is there to assist you.
A few scientific papers cited that Shou San Li (LI10) along with Zu San Li (ST36) enhance the regularity of gastric myoelectrical activity which may indicate its association in affecting gastrointestinal functions.
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In-flight Wi-Fi seems to be all the rage these days. Lufthansa is bringing
sexy back Wi-Fi back and Qantas is joining the fray, but when will domestic airlines quit quibbling about giving us food and blankets to realize there’s money to be made in Wi-Fi?
Huzzah! American Airlines has pulled their head out and teamed up with AirCell to bring Wi-Fi to passengers next year. Transcontinental passengers aboard Boeing 767-200 flying machines will have first crack at the in-flight Wi-Fi service. Apparently, AirCell and AA are ‘pioneering the last frontier of domestic Internet service.” Hmmm. Does this make any else chuckle? The cost will be announced when the service is ready to roll.
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Published as a volume in the Studies on Neuropsychology, Development and Cognition series, this beautiful little book evolved from a didactic lecture course given by the author to graduate neuropsychology students. These were lucky students. Papanicolaou manages to be infectiously and rather touchingly awestruck by recent advances in functional imaging while remaining very much the master in terms of his clear and critical understanding of the field. The book is in three parts. Beginning with a section on Basic Concepts, Papanicolaou examines the important questions of the fidelity of functional images and the relation of activation patterns to brain functions. In section 2, the methodologies of magnetoencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography are lucidly described, and in section 3 he explains the principles underlying correspondence between activation patterns and brain function involved in behavior.
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HRH Prince Charles Prince of WalesOf Light and Shadow
On June 30, 1983 His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, Prince Charles, became the newest alumnus of the University of Alberta at a special Convocation held in the Northern Alberta Jubilee Auditorium, Edmonton.
Only days before, confirmation had come that Lady Diana, Princess of Wales would accompany her husband for the ceremonies, and she was there. And all eyes were upon her. The event was all that had been expected of it, and more.
What had not been expected — at least not widely — was the thoughtfulness of the Prince's address to Convocation.
Here is the text of that address:
On this occasion, you have been generous enough to confer on me the same honorary law degree as that given by your predecessors to my great uncle, the then-Prince of Wales, over 60 years ago. I have not been able to find out what he said in 1919, but I fell to reflecting on the importance of law in our society and the way in which the legal framework, built upon and improved throughout the centuries in Britain, and adopted by other countries such as Canada, has preserved our freedom as individuals. The administration of a system of law by an independent judiciary which is seen to establish the equality of all before that law, is the means by which our democratic way of life can exist and be preserved. We may take large parts of it for granted; we may criticize it, resent it, ridicule it; pressure groups of one kind or another may seek to alter it; it may produce obvious disadvantages which aggravate people, but ultimately a system of law which is seen to be the most reasonable under difficult circumstances is what protects us from the dangers of authoritarianism whether from the left or the right.
In terms of English law, the first battle against authoritarianism was won when King John signed the Magna Carta. From then on, the English legal system developed chiefly as the result of clashes with the Crown, the supreme fount of power, until the last vestiges of an authoritarian approach to the conduct of men's lives was removed and the Crown developed to the point where it can, I think, be said to provide an important link in the chain of defence against a loss of those liberties we hold so dear. And yet, do we hold them dear enough? Is it in fact possible to understand their importance to the life of each individual without first experiencing a loss of liberty, in the sense that it is chiefly one's own experiences that open one's eyes to the realities of the world? In Canada and Britain, we have been more than fortunate in avoiding the horrors of occupation and the consequent denial of those basic freedoms we consider to be our natural right. Thousands sacrificed their lives 40 years ago in a desperate defense of that right. If they hadn't done so, and if an excuse had been found to opt out of that defense or to compromise in some way over the issue, there is no saying how great a shadow would have fallen across the world.
The fact remains, of course, that millions of people do still exist under a shadow of gigantic proportions — the shadow of authoritarianism from either end of the political spectrum. Do we actually have any idea of what that means. We can, I suggest, discover something of what it means by listening to those who have suffered, or who are suffering, in a way that is hard for us to imagine. They tell us that they live within a system which derives its inspiration from the basic motivation of a thirst for power and power alone. In such a system, power is an end in itself — the better to achieve its consolidation and the destruction of all potential enemies. Those who have observed the operation of the system in practice rather than in theory will insist that the struggle waged against religion, for instance, is not for ideological reasons, but for power. This is because a religious man, deep down in his soul, tends to remain free of political parties or any other earthly power.
The struggle waged against such individuals is because they have dared to expose themselves without being asked. Living in the countries that we do and brought up the way we are, without a constant sense of fear or suspicion, without a feeling that those whom we love could be intimidated as a result of our actions, tends to make us think that such reports must be somewhat exaggerated and that one set of human beings could not possibly do what they do to their fellow men. There is no doubt that countless people whose freedoms are crushed under the weight of a seemingly limitless oppression look towards countries like ours to provide some kind of flickering light of freedom amongst the total darkness that surrounds them. The least we can do, I believe, is to attempt to understand the predicament of those who are made to suffer for what they believe in, by imagining what our feelings would be if we were in a similar situation. What better way to describe this than by quoting the Pope who said recently: "I ask those who are suffering to be particularly close to me. I ask this in the name of Christ, who said, 'I was sick and you visited me. I was in prison and you came to me.'"
Of course, it is only too easy for people to turn round and say you are being naive and unrealistic. The Christian approach is all very well, but what can we as individuals possibly do, bearing in mind that our freedom of action is so circumscribed. Well, for a start, I believe in the overwhelming strength of the human spirit and in the power of faith. Deep in the human soul, as Mihajlo Mihajlof describes it, lies an unfamiliar force which is stronger than all the external forces which surround us. That force is unfamiliar because we have forgotten what it sounds like and what it needs to release it. It is hardly surprising, I suppose, when you think how much else there is in the external world to take its place. But nevertheless it is that force which I think Solzhenitsyn is referring to when he talks about "a decline in courage being the most striking feature which an outside observer notices in the West today."
Life is full of mysterious paradoxes, but one of the most extraordinary is that attested to by some of those who have undergone the most extreme spiritual and physical suffering during their imprisonment but who have also experienced a fulfillment of the soul, undreamed of by people who have not experienced captivity. From this paradox, we learn that it is through such individual awareness of the inner voice and through the faith which this engenders that the essence of totalitarian rule can in fact be undermined — in the sense that totalitarianism relies on a belief in the unlimited power of external circumstances, which supposedly direct man's inner world. If there is the very real possibility that the physical world is subject to the spiritual forces of the human soul, then there is indeed hope for those who lack the individual freedoms we experience under the law.
And precisely because we enjoy those freedoms we have obligations too. We have two particular obligations. I believe one is to try to appreciate that there is inevitably a price to pay for the blessings of democracy, be it organized crime or pornography or whatever. But it is only a price, and the basis of civilized living, it seems to me, is to realize that you can never have something for nothing. One writer living in a state of "unfreedom" emphasized very well what I am trying to get at when he wrote that "the efforts to diminish the expenses of democracy in the process not to be transformed into unfreedom is the eternal care of democratic society." The second obligation is the one we owe to those countless individuals — yes, individuals (they could be you or me, not a mass divided up into categories to be manipulated like automatons), who, perhaps secretly, deep down in their beings, have high expectations of people like ourselves. We have an increasing obligation to concentrate on developing our moral courage and a corresponding awareness of that inner force that we all possess, but without which we will be unable to resist that shadow of authoritarianism and at the same time provide a beam of Hope, like a lighthouse in a stormy cliff top, for those who suffer in silence.
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Animal Farm is a short political fable by George Orwell based on Joseph Stalin's betrayal of the Russian Revolution. Orwell wrote it because he wished to destroy what he called the "Soviet myth". Like Nineteen Eighty-Four, the story is one of the most famous political allegories in the world. It is about a group of animals who rebel against the humans from the farm they live on and run it themselves with hopes of being equal, free, and happy. In the end, however, the new rule becomes a cruel tyranny of its own led by the pigs. Written during World War II and published in 1945, it was not well received at first, but is widely accepted as a classic today.
Plot summary [change]
The animals of the Manor Farm live bad condition because their farmer Mr. Jones, a bad and always drunken man, exploites them. One day the Old Major, an old pig, called a meeting of all the animals and told them about a dream that he had had the previous night. He had dreamed about an old song 'Beasts of England' that started a resistance against the human beings. Everyone was very excited. But the pig had died at the end of the meeting and two young pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, started leading the preaperance of the Rebellion. About three months later they revolted against Mr. Jones and they took possession of the farm. The purpose of the revolution was to create a fair society made only by animals and based on seven commandments like “Four legs good, two legs bad” and most important one: "All animals are equal". They also changed the name of the farm to "Animal Farm". Snowball, an inventive and vivacious pig and Napoleon, a big and cruely-looking pig, started to fight for leadership. In the meantime Mr. Jones wanted to get the farm back but the animals succeeded in the battle and Mr. Jones was forced to run away. One day, when Snowball announced his plans to build windmill, Napoleon arrived in the farm with nine big and cruel dogs that made Snowball run away bleeding. From that day Napoleon was the real dictator of the farm, if someone was not agreed with him, he was eaten up by his dogs and if something did not work, like the building of the windmill, it was all Snowball’s fault. When Boxer, the strongest horse in the farm, lost his power because of the old age and fell while he was building a windmill, this unexpectedly led him to slaughter. Now Napoleon had pity on nobody. He and the pigs were like Mr. Jones, they exploited the other animals, they took advantage of the foolishness of some animals and they came into contact with human beings for business although they established it was forbidden. In the end they became like human beings, they started to walk on their hind legs and they changed the old maxim with a new one: “Four legs good, two legs better”. Nothing was changed and their resistance seemed to be useless.
Orwell, who was a socialist, wrote in the introduction of the 1947 Ukranian translation of Animal Farm that he got the idea from seeing a young boy whipping a large cart horse. He explained, "It struck me that if only such animals became aware of (knew) their strength we should have no power over them, and that men exploit (badly use) animals in much the same way as the rich exploit the proletariat (poor)".
Characters in the book [change]
- Old Major He is a positive image and the inspiration of the rest of the book.
- Napoleon He is the pig who becomes the leader of animal farm. He cements his power through fear.
- Snowball He is the pig who fights Napoleon for control after the rebellion. He easily wins the loyalty of most of the animals.
- Squealer He serves as a public speaker. He twists and abuses language to excuse and justify Napoleon's actions.
- Minimus He is a poet, who writes a song about Napoleon.
- Mr.Jones, the farmer of Manor Farm (which was later changed to Animal Farm)
- Mrs. Jones, wife of the Mr.Jones, the farmer
- Mr. Pilkington, the farmer of Foxwood
- Mr. Frederick, the farmer of Pinchfield
Other animals [change]
- Benjamin, the donkey
- Moses, the tame raven
- The Cat
- Murial, the goat
- The Cows
- The dogs, Bluebell, Jessie and Pincher
Animalism is a system of beliefs shared by the farm animals of Manor Farm. The purpose is to ensure the farm animals behave like actual animals and not follow the footsteps of humans beings. Therefore, any human behavior is considered contrary to the spirit of Animalism.
Beasts of England [change]
In the story, this song was sung by animals of England once upon a time. It is named "Beasts of England", with a stirring tune, a cross between Clementine and Cucuracha. This song became popular among the animals of England after Old Major recited it to the farm animals of Manor Farm. It serves as the 1st national anthem of Animal Farm.
Original beliefs [change]
"Four legs good, two legs bad."
The Seven Commandments [change]
- Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy.
- Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend.
- No animal shall wear clothes.
- No animal shall sleep in a bed.
- No animal shall drink alcohol.
- No animal shall kill any other animal.
- All animals are equal.
- "Animal Farm (novel by Orwell) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia". britannica.com. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/25714/Animal-Farm. Retrieved 3 September 2010.
- "BBC - History - Historic Figures: George Orwell (1903 - 1950)". bbc.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/orwell_george.shtml. Retrieved 3 September 2010.
- "George Orwell: Preface to the Ukrainian Edition of 'Animal Farm: A Fairy Story'". orwell.ru. http://www.orwell.ru/library/novels/Animal_Farm/english/epfc_go. Retrieved 3 September 2010.
- "Literary Encyclopedia: Animal Farm". litencyc.com. http://www.litencyc.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=6595. Retrieved 3 September 2010.
- "Preface to the Ukrainian Edition of Animal Farm - Written by George Orwell - Charles' George Orwell Links". netcharles.com. http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/articles/ukrainian-af-pref.htm. Retrieved 3 September 2010.
- "Ideas and Trends - Orwell's 2-Legged Message - NYTimes.com". query.nytimes.com. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9507E2D7133FF935A1575AC0A96F958260. Retrieved 3 September 2010.
Other websites [change]
|Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Animal Farm|
- "Animal Farm by George Orwell". http://www.george-orwell.org/Animal_Farm/index.html. Retrieved 2008-05-22.
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CRS: Assistance to North Korea, December 24, 2008
Wikileaks release: February 2, 2009
Publisher: United States Congressional Research Service
Title: Assistance to North Korea
CRS report number: R40095
Author(s): Mark E. Manyin, Specialist in Asian Affairs; Mary Beth Nikitin, Analyst in Nonproliferation
Date: December 24, 2008
- Aid to North Korea has been controversial since its inception, and the controversy is intricately linked to the overall debate in the United States, South Korea, and other countries over the best strategy for dealing with the DPRK. North Korea is deemed a threat to U.S. interests because it possesses advanced nuclear and missile programs, has a history of proliferating missiles, may have exported its nuclear technology, is suspected of possessing chemical and biological weapons programs, and has large (albeit deteriorating) conventional forces on the border with South Korea, a key U.S. ally. Instability inside North Korea could spill over into China, South Korea, and possibly Japan and/or Russia. Additionally, Pyongyang also is characterized as one of the world's worst violators of human rights and religious freedom, a record that some Members of Congress and interest groups say should assume greater importance in the formation of U.S. priorities toward North Korea.
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Monroe County's Ecopark is a place where you can bring all of those hard to recycle items. Things you want to get rid of, but don't quite know how. "It's a unique opportunity for residents in Monroe County to dispose of hard to dispose of items and recyclables and other recoverable material," adds Garland.
It's located near the airport at 10 Avion Drive. Wednesday through Saturday mornings you can drop off things like electronics, fluorescent lights, propane tanks, and bulky plastic items. All things that can't go in your recycling bin.
"It's really intended to be the stop gap between a curb side collection program and other management methods including landfills," says Jeff Richardson, the Senior District Manager at Waste Management of New York.
The county will also continue it's special collections for household hazardous waste and pharmaceuticals. You can bring those items to the Ecopark too, but only on certain dates and some items require an appointment.
They've tried to make the process as easy as possible. You can drive your car right through the building dropping off items in the different recycling bins. The project is a collaboration between the county and waste management, which owns the building.
"Now it's been re-purposed into a facility that is re-directing materials out of waste streams and back into supply chains for re-use," says Richardson.
The Ecopark has been open since September 21st and already about 500 people have used it. "It's good for the planet its good for the community and it's good for us. It's really just the right thing to do," says Richardson.
There is a lot more information about the Ecopark and the items they will take on the county's website. Click here for more information.
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Rosie - posted on 12/22/2009 ( 130 moms have responded )
how do you get a child examined for aspbergers and what are some of the things they look for in a child with this disorder? my 9 year old has always been different, and doesn't know how to act socialially. he's been diagnosed with adhd, but i feel like there is something more. i;ve looked at pamphlets and stuff and he does have alot of the requirements to be diagnosed, but alot of the other requirements he doesn't have. i don't know.... are there any other social disorders out there, he's not violent or hateful, he just doesn't act the "normal" way in social situations.
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CATOOSA, Okla.--There's a big Blue Whale in a small lake in Catoosa, Okla., on Route 66. It's an unexpected sight as you come over a rising bend in the road. I had heard there was a whale here, but the scale of the beast is enough to make Captain Ahab think twice about his life's mission. It's 80 feet long and 15 feet high.
Clearly, the Blue Whale didn't just wander inland from the ocean. Someone put it here. It's a maker project on a scale maker projects don't usually achieve. If Make Magazine had existed back in the '70s, the Blue Whale would have been a centerfold model.
In the spirit of DIY, I'm going to help makers prep their own whales. Here is your materials list:
2,650 feet of sucker rod 1,179 feet of 2-inch steel pipe 100 feet of 1-inch pipe 2,520 square feet of plaster lath 126 bags of concrete mix 19.5 square yards of Redi-Mix concrete 19,400 pounds of crushed stone 15 tons of sand 2,454 linear feet of wood 20 pounds of nails Assorted tubing and valves
If you can find a hardware store that hasn't changed prices since the '70s, the material costs should work out to less than $3,000. You will also need to find a friend willing to donate 100 hours of welding time. Assuming you want to follow the original build timeline, it will only take you two years of work to assemble your own Blue Whale. … Read more
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Gulfport Energy (GPOR) estimates that wells into the Utica Shale will cost approximately $5 million and be drilled to a vertical depth of 7,500 to 9,500 feet. The wells will require a 5,000 foot lateral, twelve hydraulic fracturing stages and be spaced 160 acres apart.
Gulfport Energy said that each section in the Utica Shale contains 36.4 million barrels of original oil in place, and each well will have an estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) ranging from 455,000 to 910,000 barrels of oil equivalent.
The Utica Shale is approximately 140 feet thick and has an average porosity of 8%. The recovery factor is estimated to range from 5% to 10%.
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A dog treadmill can be a great addition to your dog’s exercise regimen. You might wonder who would purchase a dog treadmill? Show ring dogs are often put on a dog treadmill to have their gaits analyzed. A dog treadmill can also be used for sporting dogs as well.
Almost any type of sporting event pet can benefit from a dog treadmill. Also, humans have a shorter stride than dogs, so having the proper length of treadmill is important, otherwise the dog will have an abnormally short gait.
At first your dog will likely not even want to stand on the treadmill, but after walking your dog over and around the treadmill a couple of times your dog should stand on the treadmill. A dog treadmill that is quality made costs about the same price as human treadmills. A dog needs a quality treadmill that will not feel shaky to the dog.
How to Train Your Dog to Run on a Dog Treadmill
In order to train a dog to use dog treadmills, you should follow these easy steps:
After your pet is used to the dog treadmill, you want it to feel comfortable standing on the treadmill as well. It is best to start by keeping the dog treadmill turned off. Lead your dog on top of the treadmill (use a leash if you like) and while it is standing on the treadmill be sure and reinforce it often by giving it both praise and treats (if you use a clicker, click only when the dog is standing comfortably on the treadmill – if it appears anxious, try to wait).
Once your dog is comfortably on the dog treadmill, it is time to turn it on for the first time. If you remain calm, your dog will remain calm.
Do not push your dog back onto the treadmill either. Instead, continue to reinforce your dog with praise and treats whenever it is doing anything positive on the treadmill.
Once your dog has been using the dog treadmill successfully you are ready to allow your dog to stay on the treadmill for a long period of time at any speed you want. Dog treadmills are a great way to keep your dog happy, healthy and fit.
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Migration of words - International request for submissions by the German Language Council
From 1 June to 30 September 2006
entry deadline: September 30, 2006
+49 89 15921-584
German words have found their way into almost all of the world’s languages: Swedes develop “Fingerspitzengefühl”, Russians have problems with “Zeitnot” and Nigerians wonder “Is das so?”. Numerous originally German words have evolved in other languages and altered their meaning. For example, in Japan the word “arubeito” (developed from the German word “Arbeit”) means a student job, and in Norway “Nachspiel” refers to a last, late drink to round off the evening.
From June till September 2006 the German Language Council has launched the world-wide request for submissions entitled “Wörterwanderung” (migration of words) in order to collect these German words which have found a home in other languages. In addition to the words themselves, it was particularly of interest to learn what these words mean in the respective language, how people use them, and what they feel when doing so. The German Language Council will make the submissions available to linguistic research.
On September 30th, 2006 the international contest “Migration of words” of the “Deutscher Sprachrat” (German Language Council) came to an end. Overall 6.000 words of German origin that have “migrated” around the world and have been taken up in other languages were detected and submitted. The entries came from 70 different countries.
According to the lottery system, a cultural journey will be given as a price to one of the participants. The award will take place on December 07, 2006 in Munich, Germany.
The book “Ausgewanderte Wörter”, which results from this campaign, has been published by the German publisher Max Hueber Verlag.
Play with migrated German words now!
Like the Swedish, you can test your linguistic “Fingerspitzengefühl” with our memo game. Click your way through and try to put the migrant words in their respective countries and to its new meaning. “Vasistdas?”, “Wihaister?” you’ll ask yourself or perhaps even “Is das so?”. When everything fits and has been turned over, you’re “fertik” and at the same time have broadened your vocabulary for your next journey to Germany.
To the Memo-Game
More information you will find at:
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CatEye is the leading manufacturer of cycle computers, lights and reflectors to cyclists in the world. Founded in 1954 in Osaka, Japan, CatEye has always been a leader in innovation and technology.
In 1964, CatEye created the first flashing lamp for bicycles. CatEye went on to create the very first bicycle head lamp using white LEDs in 2001.
CatEye's first cycle computer was released in 1981. They now offer a full range of computers to meet the demands of cyclists around the globe.
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This past semester Samuel Merritt University (SMU) nursing students in the Accelerated Bachelors in Nursing (ABSN) program provided clients in two Walden House programs with tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) vaccinations. Walden House is a non-profit, multi-site community program in San Francisco with roots dating back to the 60's. It is a residential and outpatient substance abuse and mental health program that also contracts with the state prison system to provide services to inmates and parolees.
The clinical nursing students from the SMU San Francisco Learning Center was concerned with a recent outbreak of pertussis, better known as whooping cough, a disease that is often fatal to infants and young children. The ABSN students wanted to protect the Walden House community, especially women with children, from this preventable disease.
Lucas Marchiniak, ABSN student, coordinated the vaccine administration with San Francisco County Health Department and Walden House staff. "I learned that there is a tremendous need for public health infrastructure in the community," he said. "Usually, you go to a healthcare provider and take for granted that you will receive the vaccines you need. I had no idea how much goes on behind the scenes to administer those shots."
Samuel Merritt University faculty supervisor, Kate Shade PhD, RN, Assistant Professor, is proud of the work Marchiniak and the other four nursing students did to organize the event. "They did a phenomenal job preparing for the vaccination day. They learned how much documentation is required, how to store vaccines, and how to screen for those persons who should not be vaccinated," explained Shade. "They also educated the clients about pertussis and the risks for adults with compromised health and young children who do not yet have full immunity to the disease. They did such a good job of preparing the clients that of the adults who needed to be immunized the vast majority elected to get the vaccine."
"I learned that building rapport with the clients is important. You cannot come to a community and expect that the service you want to offer will be necessarily utilized by the members of that community," said Katherine Greenman, ABSN student. "I realized that each person we see has particular needs that we as nurses need to attend to. For example, one client said, ‘don't tell me about it [the shot], just do it quickly and get it over with.' Another said she thought she would faint so I had to help her manage her anxiety before I could give her the shot."
Lauren Fiel and Andrea Haun, ABSN students, are committed to working after graduation as nurses in the community. "These sites need a community health nurse to coordinate this kind of program," Haun said.
Fiel believes students are a great resource in providing free healthcare services. "Our community health clinical rotation has been an opportunity to work with an underserved population. We have done everything from arranging on-site services, referring clients to outside services, and providing services ourselves. We also offer group health education and advise individuals about managing their chronic health conditions."
Allison Ohata added, "Working at the Walden House has been a great opportunity to give back to the community. As new nurses, the experience has helped us to understand where patients in the acute care setting are coming from in the community, what their healthcare needs are and their ability to access healthcare coverage. I know it will make me a more empathic, understanding, and knowledgeable nurse."Contributed photos from Kate Shade, PhD, RN, Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, Samuel Merritt University
Samuel Merritt University, located in Oakland, California, has been educating health science practitioners who are committed to making a positive difference in diverse communities since 1909. Nearly 1,400 students are enrolled at SMU, with campuses in Oakland, Sacramento, San Francisco and San Mateo. The University offers an undergraduate degree in nursing; master's degrees in nursing, occupational therapy, and physician assistant; and doctoral degrees in nursing, physical therapy and podiatric medicine. For more information visit www.samuelmerritt.edu.Click here to read more about Elizabeth Valente.Nurses, if you enjoy writing on nursing career, education or lifestyle related issues and are interested in becoming a NurseTogether.com contributor, please click here
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Monday, November 21, 2011
Importance of being Sasikant Dhotre at the India Art Festival, Mumbai 2011
India Art Festival opened at the Nehru Centre, Mumbai on 17th November 2011. The building, from a distance looks like an old cuticura powder tin with chinks all over made by truant school boys from the kolivada. Some people say that it is a phallic symbol; siva linga (the phallus of shiva comfortably fitted into the Parvati yoni created out of the second floor terrace).
Anchor of the opening ceremony, Kanchi Mehta announces the name of the first Kalavishkar Award winner, ‘Sasikant Dhotre’ and a section of the audience erupts in an ecstatic applause. The award carries a purse of One lakh rupees, a certificate and a trophy. Artist Seema Kohli is the donor of the cash award. “There are millions of artists in this country and very few galleries to accommodate all of them. India Art Festival gives the interested artists a chance to come and exhibit their works in the Art Festival booths, of course against a payment. But a panel of judges would assess their works and give this award to the best amongst them,” explains Rajendra Patil, director of IAF and Kalavishkar, an NGO that has initiated this festival.
Kolkata based art historian and critic Nanak Ganguly, Delhi based artist Seema Kohli, Bangalore based artist Ravi Kumar Kashi and myself are the judging committee members. We have a very tough time in assessing the works as each work vies with the other to be the ‘worst’.
The word worst is too judgemental and prejudiced. Most of the artists who take part in this section are either from small town art colleges or small villages. Many of them are self taught and many have not even exhibited once. There is a tremendous amount of naivety in them. They are innocent in many ways. They look at a Jitish Kallat sculpture exhibited downstairs and would wonder, ‘what’s the big deal? Any village craftsman could do it.’
One important thing that these artists who are not seen in mainstream (they are seen in Lalit Kala Akademies, Jehangir Galleries, Kalaghoda Pavement and so on), are quite convinced about what they are doing. And they are willing to learn too. The issue is that there is none to guide. For them the ideals are not Subodh Guptas and Sudarshan Shettys though they rake millions; their ideals are the village masters, MF Husains and local art gurus who have ‘made’ it.
We are snobs and before we see try to see the truth of their art, we judge them as bad artists. Okay, if they are bad, then I would say the city’s upmarket buying class in total has bad taste because the second floor where these artists have exhibited along with my SOFA project attract more visitors than the high-brow-ist galleries and their exhibits in the ground floor.
In Delhi, it would have been different. Everyone would have appreciated or depreciated everything because here we have both totally ironed out aesthetics selected by a set of perennially prejudiced gallerists and market players who claim themselves as ‘judges’ and those cash croppers like Paresh Maitys and Jogen Choudhurys selected out of necessity by the judges as well as their representative galleries.
India Art Festival is a new model art fair with more democracy in approach and if it is successful in the coming years those galleries that have been sulking this year from participating would come in throngs and there would be several chances of the fair being ‘bought’ out by corporate houses from abroad. So Rajendra, be ready for a great cash gain. Create new accounts now!
Let’s come back to Sasikant Dhotre. As far as we, the judges concerned, Sasikant was the best out of the given number of artists in the second floor, who had booked their own booths and participated as competitors. That does not mean that Sasikant is the only one artist in the country at this given time who deserves this prize. It simply means that within the given he is the best. It is applicable even in the case of Skoda prize. If someone gets ten lakh rupees worth of Skoda Prize, there is no need to think that he or she is ‘the’ best. Within the given applications and given interests, he/she is the best; and that is the truth.
We, the judges came to a unanimous conclusion that this artist named Sasikant Dhotre, within the given context shows all the possibilities of growth and also show the potentials to experiment. Besides, he upholds the traditional skills of portraiture and shows a high amount of sensitivity towards the subjects that he deals with.
Now, who is Sasikant Dhotre? Sasikant comes from a place called Kolhapur. He is a self taught artist. He had spent two months in Sir. J.J.School of Arts and he left the course for reasons unknown to us. Perhaps, considering the skills, he was not ready to learn further from the college or other circumstances were not favourable.
I have a special relationship with Sasikant Dhotre. I saw a few of the works uploaded in his facebook account almost six months back. Super realist works are everywhere in the facebook, especially those of nude women and I think I have a collection of such images in one of my folders. But this young man’s super realist works caught my attention. I thought this guy had something more to say.
So I went to his info, took his number, called him up and soon I realized that I was talking to a person who was not comfortable with English. So I switched to Hindi. My Hindi, for professional uses is as good as his English. Still we communicated and I told him to meet me when I was in Mumbai next. And my next visit was in September and Sasikant came with his paper works. I was astonished to know that he travelled from Kolhapur to meet me! I was thinking that he was a Mumbai based artist.
Sasikant works in a super realistic style. He is a master of draperies. Like the Renaissance and the Venetian painters, he shows his flourish in painting drapery. Though there is a little bit of male gaze in his works, as his subjects are mostly his family members whom he considers in the place of mother and sisters, this gaze is controlled up to an extent. Sasikant believes that he is a chronicler of the Maharashtrian life once prevalent all over the state but now pushed to the rural areas.
Sasikant selects events from the lives of the girls and young women. They are all seen either self absorbed or involved in doing domestic duties. Through the minute depiction of the paraphernalia, Sasikant features the ingredients of a rich style of life that is being lost out to the onrush of the mall culture.
The brooding women in Sasikant’s works emblematizes the epitomical Maharashtrian beauty which in fact had become the focal point of the artists like Raja Ravi Varma and Mahtre, Dhurander and many other doyens from Maharashtra state. This rich tradition of painterly and sculptural portraiture is inherited by Sasikant.
However, there is a lack in Sasikant’s works; something that makes these works more contemporary than them just being the vignettes of past and a frozen life. I told him to find that out for himself and he promised me to do that. I did not know in September that I would meet the same artist in the India Art Festival.
I did not have any qualms to suggest Sasikant’s works for the prize and to my suggestion all of my fellow panel members agreed without much ado. They had their own reservations and views about Sasikant’s works to which I too had agreed largely. Sasikant needs to grow further and this award is just a moral booster and reminder of his responsibilities for those friends who had clapped when they heard his name announced at the India Art Festival.
Art....yes, it is nothing but responsible interventions in our socio-political and cultural lives.
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When shopping for a new lens, sooner or later you’re going to run into the terms “ED” (extra-low dispersion), “LD” (low dispersion), “SLD” (special low dispersion), “ELD” (extraordinary low dispersion), and “ULD” (ultra-low dispersion),
and each of these variants represents a standard above the norm when it comes to image quality.
The key reason LD, ED, ELD, ULD and SLD glass are important in lens design is because of their ability to reduce levels of chromatic aberration, or color fringing, an optical phenomenon in which the colors that make up the image come into focus at slightly differing planes (similar to the way a prism or rainbow breaks white light into individual color channels) as they strike the surface of your camera’s imaging sensor. The net effect is a loss of contrast, color tonality and a perceptual loss of image sharpness.
The chemical makeup of ED glass compresses the distance between each color’s plane of focus, resulting in greater color saturation, contrast and image detail. ED-type lenses also perform better in terms of light transmission, which makes for quicker focusing times and brighter images in your viewfinder.
Though fluorite based, low-dispersion glass technologies go back to the 1920s and ’30s, their composition proved difficult to form and polish, and the elements were prone to fracturing if not manufactured to exacting standards. Current generation ED-type optical components are made with rare-earth elements including zirconium dioxide, calcium fluoride, titanium dioxide and other earthly exotica that are easier to form and polish, though they do sound alarmingly like some of the more suspect ingredients of hot dogs.
Nikon is considered a modern-day pioneer in ED glass technologies in its quest to reduce green and magenta color fringing that’s common in 300mm and longer lenses. Canon uses similar technologies in the production of its premium calcium fluorite-based ‘L’-series lenses. Apochromatic (APO) lenses, which are formulated to correct both chromatic and spherical aberrations, rely heavily on ED-type elements in order to achieve the levels of accuracy for which these pricey optics are recognized.
Most commonly used in the design of telephoto lenses, LD, ED, ELD, ULD and SLD glass elements are usually in groups called “achromatic doublets,” in which a positive element made of low-dispersion glass is bonded to a complementary negative element of higher-dispersion glass, creating a single, higher-performance element group that greatly narrows the distance between each of the image’s color layers as they strike the surface of the imaging sensor. What you get for your troubles are sharper, contrastier and more lush-looking image files.
Another optical term that’s common to an increasing number of camera lenses is “aspheric.” Aspherical (ASPH) surfaces are lens surfaces that, unlike spherical concave and convex surfaces common to most lens elements, have counter-curves toward their edges that help maintain higher levels of sharpness toward the edges of the frame, which is particularly beneficial in the case of wide-angle lenses. Aspheric elements are also incorporated into the design of wider-aperture lenses to reduce coma, or comatic aberration, which manifests itself in the form of comet-tail-like blurring of point light sources. Higher-quality aspheric elements, the type used in premium wide angle and telephoto lenses, are usually hand ground and polished, while aspheric lenses used in less expensive optics and point-and-shoot cameras are molded from optical resin.
Regardless of what they’re made of, aspheric elements enable lens manufacturers to produce sharper, not to mention smaller and lighter optics that require fewer elements and lens groups. Aspheric lens surfaces are also crucial in the design of telescopes, scientific instruments and rear-projection TVs, and missile-guidance systems.
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Can-O Worms Compost Bin
Turn Food Waste Into Profits!Get Free castings for your plants, worms for fishing, feeding pets, for bait or resale!
Innovative Multi-Level System
The Can-O-Worms is designed to recycle kitchen waste into compost, easily, without smell or mess. Can-O-Worms uses worms to compost food scraps quickly and easily. This system is clean and odourless. Use nature to make nutrient rich plant food. Why use chemicals when you can get a better product quickly and naturally?
The kits innovative layered structure lets you view your system at work by seeing the various layers at work.Can-0-Worms, is also ideal for first time composters and children
Can-O-Worms Compost Bin is just $131.50 Shipping Via Federal Express
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Opening our Homes
One of the hallmarks of the early Church was hospitality. Throughout the New Testament, we see many examples of Christians receiving one another warmly and generously by opening their homes for fellowship, meals, teaching, or a place to rest.
Being hospitable means that we are open to having guests, and it is something all of us can practice. Whether it’s serving a meal or sharing a cup of tea, welcoming people into our homes is a great way to show love.
Here are some easy ideas:
- Invite a family over for an evening of board games and popcorn.
- Reach out to neighbors by asking them over for coffee.
- Host an “ice-cream sundae night” where everyone brings a topping.
- Plan a simple after-church lunch or potluck dinner.
And remember—it doesn’t have to be about food. Sitting around the fireplace or kitchen table enjoying hot chocolate with friends can be a wonderful way to extend hospitality.
MaryAnn Gaver and her husband, Jay, have been homeschooling their twin sons for eight years.
Hospitality at Home
Transparency—allowing guests to see the “real” us—makes our homes inviting and comfortable. It starts with Mom and Dad allowing the children to see their “real” selves, and continuing as these “real” people when company comes. If we display hospitality in order to show off our “perfect” household, eventually the facade cracks. Practicing hospitality on a daily basis toward family members makes welcoming guests come naturally.
Yes, children need to learn proper manners, the “company first” rule, how to pick up the house and set out the nice dishes to honor guests, but a home with open hearts toward God, each other, and their guests creates a time for fun and fellowship that honors God.
Pursue the practice of hospitality. (Romans 12:13b)
by Pam C. / Dallas, TX
A Warm Welcome
Teaching our children to be hospitable is no different than teaching them other virtues. Children learn by example. My husband and I focus on being attentive hosts at our family gatherings.
Part of teaching hospitality to our 14-year-old daughter, Claire, begins before guests arrive. She takes an active part in cleaning the house, setting the table, and preparing food. When the first car comes down our driveway, she is
the first of our “welcoming committee,” running outside to greet each guest.
Seeing our guests enjoying themselves makes her proud that she played a part
in making it all happen. When bidding farewell after customary handshakes
and hugs, we stand in our yard or on our porch, waving good-bye until the last car disappears.
The result of Claire’s warm hospitality is our guests’ eagerness to return.
by Susan G. / Fries, VA
Make Training More Memorable
Four years ago, we embarked on hosting a weeklong Home Ec Day Camp for homeschooled girls ages 11–19 in our home. The day camp has grown from 8 to 15 girls.
Our day starts at 8:45 a.m. with devotions, a mother’s or guest’s testimony, and singing hymns. The day ends after 30 minutes of clean-up at 4:00 p.m.
Each year, we select a sewing project that can be completed in one week at camp. These projects are often entered in the county fair for competition and evaluation.
We eat sack lunches outside, which contributes to making friends and reduces work in the kitchen. Each afternoon
brings special features such as cake
decorating, floral centerpieces, women’s health, home-based businesses, etc. The week culminates in a formal tea party with a special speaker. That day, we focus on manners, entertaining, and hospitality.
A week devoted to mother-daughter bonding, friendship, learning,
and fun makes lasting memories for all and fulfills the biblical mandate to “teach the younger women.”
by Rachel J. / Happy Valley, OR
Share Your Tips
This column is designed to feature teaching tips, encouragement, and advice from homeschooling parents.
Our topic for the March/April 2010 issue is “keep going!” After months of homeschooling and the kids antsy with spring fever, some of us could use encouragement to continue with our original momentum. Tell us how you “hang in there” in 150 words or less. Submissions may be edited for space. Mail submissions to:
Attn: Parent to Parent, HSLDA
P.O. Box 3000
Purcellville, VA 20134
Or email us (include “Parent to Parent” in the subject line) at ComDept@hslda.org
Please include your name and address. Submission deadline is 1/8/10.
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SACRAMENTO The agency overseeing California’s high-speed rail project has issued a back-to-the-drawing-board business plan that dramatically lowers the system’s estimated cost and expands its initial phase, but critics say it still remains too costly and does not deliver what voters intended.
An updated business plan to be released Monday by the California High-Speed Rail Authority lowers the projected price tag from the $98 billion the authority proposed last fall to $68.4 billion. Even that amount is far higher than the $43 billion promised in the ballot initiative voters approved four years ago.
The other major change from last fall’s draft plan is a new proposal for the first section of track. The draft plan said the initial section would be built from Madera to Bakersfield in a sparsely populated region of the state, leading critics to dub it the “train to nowhere.”
Under the revised plan, the first segment would connect the Central Valley city of Merced with the San Fernando Valley some 300 miles to the south, bringing the bullet train to the outskirts of downtown Los Angeles within 10 years. Instead of going straight into California’s major cities, the high-speed system would stop short of Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay Area and connect with existing urban commuter rail lines.
The updated business plan also devotes up to $2 billion to improve existing urban rail. Linking with those systems rather than pushing the high-speed rail line into California’s major cities is one of the biggest cost-savers in the new plan.
“We are not sitting here saying that we ‘saved’ $30 billion,” rail authority chairman Dan Richard said Saturday. By using existing railroad rights of way, he said, “We can deliver high-speed rail, as the voters voted for it, for $30 billion less than if we had to build our own system the entire length of the way.”
The plan assumes that the federal government eventually will provide an additional $4 billion over the next decade, on top of the $3.5 billion it already is providing, even though Republican members of Congress have vowed to cut off funding. Fares and private investment are expected to fill the rest of the gap.
Ridership projections in the revised plan are lower than earlier estimates but remain high enough to ensure the system will turn a profit, rail authority board member Michael Rossi said. In 2022, the first year of limited operation, ridership is projected to range between 2.9 million and 5 million, with 2.3 million needed to break even.
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Delaying the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme has sold out Australia’s regional and coastal communities, failing to protect these vulnerable areas from the impacts of climate change, according to NSW’s peak environment group.
“This decision by the Federal Government betrays the vast majority of the community wanting action on climate change,” Cate Faehrmann, executive director of the Nature Conservation Council of NSW said today.
“Our coastal communities are on the frontline of dealing with the effects of rising sea levels and increased weather events on precious coastal environments and infrastructure.
“They are currently bracing for sea level rises of up to several metres due to climate change and need immediate action on reducing our greenhouse gas emissions.
“A 25 per cent emissions cut will not stabilise global warming to under 2 degrees and ensure a safe climate future for Australia. There is a 50 per cent chance that temperature increases of more than 2 degrees could spell the death of the iconic Great Barrier Reef.
“International governments continue to discuss action aimed at stabilising carbon dioxide emissions at 450ppm when the latest science tells us this target will be inadequate in achieving global temperature rises of less than 2 degrees.
“The mechanisms for meeting any targets must be flexible enough to respond as our knowledge of global warming improves.
“Australia currently punches above its weight as the world’s largest greenhouse gas emitter per capita. It’s time the Government showed real leadership by making ambitious cuts to our carbon emissions that are in our national interest; and create impetus for the right outcome in international negotiations at Copenhagen later this year,” Ms Faehrmann said.
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What it does
The aim of the plugin is to help people analyse the behaviour of the cache builtin to WordPress v2.0. It provides the administrator with a quick overview of how the cache is performming and allows the cache to be cleared manually from an admin page.
How it works
The plugin displays a small semi-transparent box in the top right hand corner of the page for all logged in users with the manage_cache capability. By default this capability is given to the Administrator user at plugin activation and removed from the Administrator user at plugin deactivation. Any user with the capabilty will also be able to clear the cache using the Manage … Cache page which appears in the administation interface.
- Cold Cache Hits
- This is the number of cached items that were loaded from disk.
- Warm Cache Hits
- This is the number of cached items accessed that were already in memory
- Cache Misses
- This is the number of items that had to be fetched from the db as they were not in the cache.
- Loaded data
- This lists the type and amount of data loaded into memory from that currently stored within the cache..
The plugin hooks into the builtin cache object and relys on accessing some of its private data to extract the statistics as such it is not compatible with any of the available cache alternatives.
This plugin requires WordPress 2.0 or later to function as it relies on the existance of the cache and the ability to detect plugin activation/deactivation to register the new manage_cache role.
The latest version of the plugin may be downloaded here: pjw-wp-cache-inspect.0.50.zip
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Omar al-Bashir has been attending the Libya summit
The African Union says it will halt co-operation with the International Criminal Court over its decision to charge Sudan's leader with war crimes.
President Omar al-Bashir was indicted over alleged atrocities in the Darfur region in March.
But delegates to an AU meeting in Libya agreed a resolution saying they would not co-operate in his arrest.
Analysts say the move means the Sudanese leader can travel across the continent without fear of arrest.
The Sudanese government has been fighting rebels in Darfur since 2003.
The ICC has accused President Bashir of two counts of war crimes - intentionally directing attacks on civilians and pillage - as well as five counts of crimes against humanity, including murder, rape and torture, related to the conflict.
He denies the allegations, saying the state has a responsibility to fight rebels.
In a statement, the AU pointed out that its request to the ICC to defer Mr Bashir's indictment had been ignored.
It went on: "The AU member states shall not co-operate... relating to immunities for the arrest and surrender of Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir to the ICC."
The statement was backed by many African leaders who, analysts say, see the ICC as an attempt by the West to interfere in their affairs.
Sudanese Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Alsamani al-Wasila welcomed the move, describing the resolution as "very clear".
But, says BBC Africa analyst Martin Plaut, despite the Sudanese satisfaction a number of countries, including Chad and Benin, are reported to have expressed disquiet about the text.
It is also limited in scope, our analyst adds.
It does not ask the 30 African states that have signed up to the ICC to end their relationship with it.
Indeed, on the day this resolution was being passed, Kenya agreed explicitly to continue co-operating with the ICC, to prosecute those suspected of taking part in the violence that followed the December 2007 election.
The African Union decision is a blow to the court, but by no means a fatal one, our analyst says.
In a separate development, two female aid workers have been kidnapped in Darfur, reports say.
The pair - from Uganda and Ireland - were both working for the Irish charity Goal. They were seized from their compound in Kutum in northern Darfur by unidentified men, officials said.
It is the third time foreign aid workers have been kidnapped in Darfur since March.
The UN says 300,000 people have died and more than two million fled their homes since fighting erupted in 2003 between black-African rebel groups and the Khartoum government.
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Excavation in 1984-85 of the 1192 square foot Building t site exposed features associated with two phases of slave quarter construction on Mulberry Row. As expected, mechanical removal of early 20th-century roadwork revealed evidence (F05), albeit scant, of the easternmost of three log dwellings built in the mid-1790s and recorded by Jefferson on his 1796 Mutual Assurance Declaration as Building t. The unanticipated discovery of a cluster of four sub-floor pits (F01-04) representing an earlier barracks-style quarter, named the Negro Quarter, offers a rare insight into the conditions of enslaved laborers living on Mulberry Row between the 1770s and 1790.
In January of 1773, Jefferson purchased three slaves, Ursula and her sons, Bagwell and George. He probably also bought her husband Great George about this same time, but no record of the transaction survives (Bear and Stanton 1995:334). Their third son Isaac Jefferson, born at Monticello in 1775, recalled in 1847 that “the feedin’ place [for Jefferson’s deer park] was right by the house whar Isaac stayed” (Bear, ed. 1967:21-22). This house could well have been the Negro Quarter, located 200’ from the Park gate of the 1770s and 1780s (Jefferson: N131, N132, N221, N130, N522-6). If Isaac did live there, archaeological evidence tells us that his family shared these quarters with as many as three other families, each with access to their own sub-floor pit (F01-04).
On his 1796 Mutual Assurance Declaration, Jefferson described three buildings on the south side of Mulberry Row between the new log stables and the extant 1770s stone Workmen’s House (now called the Weaver’s Cottage):
r. which as well as s. and t. are servants houses of wood with wooden chimnies, & earth floors, 12. by 14. feet, each and 27. feet apart from one another. from t. it is 85 feet to F. the stable [subsequently replaced by the stone stables, which still stands at the eastern end of Mulberry Row]
These three log cabins were constructed no earlier than the winter of 1793-94 and formed part of Jefferson’s preparations to rebuild his house after his first retirement in 1794 (Hill 2002a and b).
In September of 1792, Jefferson wrote from Washington to his overseer Minoah Clarkson:
Five log houses are to be built at the places I have marked out, of chesnut logs, hewed on two sides and split with the saw, and dove tailed...They are to be covered [i.e., roofed] and lofted with slabs...Racks and mangers in three of them for stables. (Boyd 1950-, vol. 24:412-414)
In August of 1793, his son-in-law Thomas Mann Randolph wrote Jefferson that work on the “two houses for the servants are not yet built” but declared his intention to begin construction “as soon as the fall of the leaves commences” (Boyd 1950-, vol. 26:667). By 1796, Buildings r, s, and t were evidently in place: three dwellings, rather than the two originally planned.
Excavation history, procedure, and methods
Exploration of the presumed location of Buildings r, s, and t began in the spring of 1983 with the mechanical removal of the modern overburden: a 1934 paved parking lot; a layer of furnace detritus; and rubble from a 1925 parking lot (Sanford 1995:196). Archaeologists plotted the probable locations of the three buildings using measurements provided by Jefferson’s 1796 Mutual Assurance Declaration. Kelso treated each projected house site and its surrounding yard as a separate excavation. He undertook work on the Building t site last, in 1984-1985.
Four features (F01-04) discovered at the Building t site provided a surprising revelation. These shallow, partially graded, depressions contained fragments of ceramics dating to c. 1770-90, wood, ash, charcoal, and brick. Based on his experience at sites in the Chesapeake Tidewater, Kelso determined that these were the remains of sub-floor pits (F01-04) and evidence of an early, previously unknown slave quarter, which he named the Negro Quarter based on a notation in a Jefferson document (Jefferson: N87, N88).
Exposure of the Building t site revealed that 20th-century roadwork had graded away most of the architectural evidence of Building t. Only the lower portion of its sub-floor pit (F05) remained intact, along with four post holes (F13-16) of the 1809 garden fence. The dating of this fence is well documented, as is the activity of enlarging and leveling the vegetable garden which immediately preceded its construction (Betts 1976: 359-382).
In 1984, excavation proceeded within a 10' X 10' grid oriented on axis with the Monticello mansion. Quadrats of 8' X 8' were opened initially, leaving 2' balks on two sides. Subsequent removal of the balks resulted in the excavation of units of varying sizes, from 2’ X 2’ to 2’ X 10’. Within units, excavation proceeded in natural levels. Opening and closing elevations were recorded, but measurements were not related to a fixed datum point. Excavators used a method of careful troweling to recover artifacts, but they did not use screens.
Summary of research and analysis
Excavation of the Building t site recovered not only the anticipated remains of the documented mid-1790s single-family slave dwelling—Building t—but also features associated with an earlier, undocumented multi-family quarter, which Kelso named the Negro Quarter. DAACS completed recataloguing of the Building t site assemblage in early 2003, but reanalysis of the data has not yet been undertaken.
In addition to the sub-floor pit (F05) associated with Building t, excavation revealed a cluster of four sub-floor pits (F01-F04), which Kelso recognized as the remains of an earlier, barracks-style slave quarter. Ceramics recovered from these sealed contexts bracket the occupation of the Negro Quarter between the early 1770s and c. 1790 (cf. 1776/78-1790 acc. Kelso et al. 1985:37; Sanford 1995:180). Numerous lumps of fired clay and fragments of burnt wood indicate that, by intention or accident, flames destroyed this log dwelling. These artifacts also provide clues about the manner of its construction. Burning preserved pieces of chinking that bear the impressions of the debarked trees used to construct the house’s log cribbing. Once in place, builders apparently crammed clay from the inside against riven clapboards applied to the exterior. Marks of the fingers of enslaved workmen and the reverse mold of overlapping sheathing boards are evident on several large fragments of chinking. Many pieces of burnt clapboard were recovered from the sub-floor pits, including a recognizable portion of a tapered or ‘feathered’ end (Hill 2002a and b).
Kelso presented his conclusions about the appearance of Building s and, by extension, Building t, in an isometric drawing published in 1997 (p. 60, fig. 21). It illustrates a 12’ x 14’, one-room cabin crafted of logs squared off on four sides. The windows of s are depicted with wooden shutters. However, window glass from the sealed context of the sub-floor pit of Building t (F05) and the 1809 postholes (F13-16) indicate that the structure had glazed fenestration during the first ten years of its occupation (Hill 2002a and b). In Kelso’s rendering of Building s, a single door stands in the northern gable end opposite an exterior wattle-and-daub chimney. The sub-floor pit (Building s site, F01) is centered in front of the hearth. In contrast, the sub-floor pit of Building t appears to have been placed off-center within the building. These deviations suggest that, although Buildings r, s, and t may have begun life together, they had distinct occupational histories.
Twentieth-century road work graded away nearly all the structural evidence of Building t. Only the lower few inches of a 3’ X 3’ 6” sub-floor pit (F05) survived. Consequently, conclusions about the appearance of Building t rely on inferences based on the better preserved features of Building s. The Jefferson documents noted above strongly link the timing and manner of the construction of these two dwellings. Sanford (Kelso et al. 1985) initially dated the destruction of Building t to c.1810, twenty years earlier than Building s. He based his estimate on ceramics that had been recovered from the adjacent garden bed excavation prior to the work at the Building t site (p. 24). He later revised his estimate to 1820 (Sanford 1995:181). Preliminary DAACS analysis extends the date of occupation forward another decade to the early 1830s.
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experience at twilight through the Gorge! In the late 1870s, miners descended on the upper Arkansas valley of Colorado in search of carbonate ores rich in lead and silver. The feverish mining activity in what would become the Leadville District attracted the attention of the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad (D&RGRR) and the Santa Fe Railroads, each already having tracks in the Arkansas Valley. The Santa Fe Railroad was at Pueblo and the D&RG near Cañon City some 35 miles west. Leadville was over 100 miles away. For two railroads to occupy a river valley ordinarily was not a problem, but west of Cañon City was an incredible obstacle - an obstacle that would result in a war between the railroads.
West of Cañon City the Arkansas River cuts through a high plateau of igneous rocks forming a spectacular steep-walled gorge over a thousand feet deep. At its narrowest point, shear walls on both sides plunge into the river creating an impassible barrier. On April 19, 1878, a hastily assembled construction crew from the Santa Fe began grading for a railroad just west of Cañon City in the mouth of the gorge. The D&RG raced crews to the same area but they were blocked by the Santa Fe graders in the narrow canyon. By only a few hours, they had lost the first round in what became a two-year struggle between the two railroads that would be known as the Royal Gorge War.
The D&RG tried leapfrogging the Santa Fe grading crews but were stopped by court injunctions contesting the right-of-way. The D&RG built several stone "forts" (such as Fort DeRemer at Texas Creek) upstream in an attempt to block the Santa Fe. Grading crews were harassed by rocks rolled down on them, tools thrown in the river and other acts of sabotage. Both sides hired armed guards for their crews. Rifles and pistols accompanied picks and shovels as tools. The railroads went to court with each trying to establish their primacy to the right of way. After a long legal battle that ended in the U.S. Supreme Court, on April 21, 1879, the D&RG was granted the primary right to build through the gorge that in places was wide enough at best for only one railroad.
The Santa Fe resorted to its larger corporate power and announced it would build tracks parallel to and in competition with the existing D&RG lines. The bondholders of the D&RG, fearing financial ruin from this threat, pressured the management of the D&RG to lease the existing railroad to the Santa Fe for a 30-year period. This created a short-lived truce in the struggle. The Santa Fe soon manipulated freight rates south of Denver to favor shippers from Kansas City (over its lines to the east) to the detriment of Denver merchants and traffic over the leased D&RG lines. During this period the Santa Fe constructed the railroad through the gorge itself. The D&RG, however, continued construction in areas west of the gorge still trying to block the Santa Fe.
After months of shrinking earnings from their leased railroad, the D&RG management went to court to break the lease. An injunction from a local court restraining the Santa Fe from operating the D&RG on June 10, 1879, sparked an armed retaking of their railroad by D&RG crews - war in earnest in the old west. Trains were commandeered, depots and engine houses put under siege, bullets flew and a few men died. A final peace in the war came after the intervention of the Federal courts, and the railroad "robber baron" Jay Gould who loaned the D&RG $400,000 and announced the intention to complete a rail line in competition to the Santa Fe from St. Louis to Pueblo.
On March 27, 1880, the two railroads signed what was called the "Treaty of Boston" which settled all litigation, and gave the D&RG back its railroad. The D&RG paid the Santa Fe $1.8 million for the railroad it had built in the gorge, the grading it had completed, materials on hand and interest. The Royal Gorge War was over. D&RG construction resumed, and rails reached Leadville on July 20, 1880.
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Origin: Peter Pan (1953)
Once again, most of the credit for this guy goes to J.M. Barrie who created a great character, but a goofy villain. But that's as it should be, as most child's imaginations are rather goofy. Just ask my daughter who insists on naming everything "Too-Tee".
But thanks to back story, we know this is a one pirate who means business. There has been blood spilled on his account and it's implied that he's actually killed at the end (though it happens off screen, and is ultimately disproved by the Direct-To-Video sequel).
Motivation: It's a no-brainer here -- revenge. Peter Pan chopped off Hook's hand, and now the good captain has an Ahab boner. The hand alone could have been enough, but Hook also has to dodge the crocodile that constantly stalks him. Again, thanks to Peter.
The interesting part is that he and Peter had an existing feud, but it's never clear why. I guess this is Neverland, and fantasies like pirates and indians exist to merely be playtime foils.
And while I'm on the subject, just how did the pirates get there? Peter Pan and his buddies have to fly, but that only works with happy thoughts and fairy dust -- two things that don't go near pirates. They have a ship. For water. It can't fly unless Tinkerbell exfoliates all over it.
Plus Smee is always talking about setting sail for the Spanish Main. Just how do they intend to get there? They're on a separate planet! A small one too. If they start sailing they might come right back around to the other side. There's no Spain. How do they even know about Spain? Are they native to Neverland? If not, how did they get there in the first place?
Character Strengths: Hook is a plotter. Rather than take the enemy head-on, he uses cunning to not only lure his enemy out, but put him at a disadvantage before attacking. He can think ahead, and despite his fighting prowess, prefers to stage a ruse or a trap. I don't know if that's because he finds it more delightfully cruel to do so, or he lacks confidence in his abilities. He did lose his hand in a fight, and he's forever victim to Pan's childish taunts.
Evilness: Captain Hook is one of the models for the modern pirate. Instead of the grubby "Blackbeard" type, Hook exemplifies the "gentleman's villain". He always has his waistcoat, fancy hat, and keeps his mustache well-groomed. He's trained in fencing (using the elegant epee) and speaks of good form and honor among thieves.
Of course, he doesn't have any. He's a pirate. Did you not see the picture? He shoots one of his crew members for poor singing.
He speaks of good form, but will eschew that if it means gaining the edge. He thrives on deception. First he steals an indian princess, using her as bait and a hostage. Then he preys on Tinkerbell, Pan's closest ally, manipulating her into disclosing their secret location. Then rather than diving in, he kidnaps all the lost boys (plus one), then lowers a time bomb. Unfortunately, his Bond villain lack of foresight gets him in the end.
Tools: Hook has some nice tools at his disposal. First, he's got a permanent weapon on his hand, although it tends to work against him just as much, because he lacks the discipline to control it. Also, he's an excellent sword fighter.
Then he's got a whole band of pirates backing him up. True, they tend to be pretty inept, since they all fall to a bunch of kids, but strength in numbers. Plus pirates come with a pirate ship, which has cannons.
Complement to the Hero: Top marks for this one, and I attribute most of it to Barrie's design for Hook. He's supposed to be played by the same guy who plays Wendy's dad -- a stodgy, practical adult who rejects anything childish or silly. Hook rolls this character into one that exists in a child's imagination, turning him into a King Charles II expy. If Hook wins, everything fun and good about Neverland will be destroyed.
He even mirrors Pan's negative traits. Pan is immature, irresponsible, and flighty. Hook has a host of pirates to take care of and a goal on his mind.
Fatal Flaw: He's a childish fop. Not only is he incapable of performing simple tasks without Smee, but he throws a temper tantrum whenever Pan insults him. Maybe this is to show the difference between being a child and being immature. I mean, seriously: "Codfish"? That's not an insult, that's a McDonald's item. And just the mere ticking of a clock sends him into panic. A little psychotherapy (maybe a skinner box) and you could turn him into a formidable warrior.
Method of Defeat/Death: Once again using lures, Hook convinces Peter Pan to fight without flying. While the crocodile waits below, he corners Pan against a mizzenmast (I don't know what that is, I just like to say it), but Pan jumps up, snares him in the Jolly Roger and turns the tables. Hook changes from a dignified premier into a sniveling coward, begging for his life. Thinking he's won, Peter turns his back, and Hook lunges. But Peter flies off and Hook falls into the waiting mouth of the crocodile.
Of course, this is a Disney movie. Using cartoon physics, he Jesus-runs across the ocean and skedaddles. The idiot even throws the clock -- his warning signal -- back into his mouth.
Final Rating: 4 stars
Amos Slade (The Fox and the Hound)
Madam Mim (The Sword in the Stone)
Claude Frollo (The Hunchback of Notre Dame)
Scar (The Lion King)
Prince John (Robin Hood)
Edgar (The Aristocats)
Ratigan (The Great Mouse Detective)
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The chaos predicted by some as the Conficker worm updates itself have so far failed to materialise.
There had been concerns that the worm could trigger poisoned machines to access personal files, send spam, clog networks or crash sites. Many of the infected machines are based in Asia where there have been no reports of unusual PC behaviour. Conficker is believed to have infected up to 15 million computers to date. Those monitoring the progress of the worm as 1 April dawned around the globe said there was no evidence it was doing anything other than modifying itself to be harder to exterminate.
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Evidence for Ocean Found at Saturn's Moon Titan
This image shows bodies of liquid near Titan's north pole. It show that many of the features commonly associated with lakes on Earth, such as islands, bays, inlets and channels, are also present on this cold Saturnian moon.
An ocean seasoned with the chemical ingredients of life may lie hidden beneath the icy surface of Saturn's moon Titan.
The evidence? The entire surface of Titan appears to be sliding around, scientists say, like cheese over tomato sauce on a slice of pizza.
Titan is the largest of the more than 50 known moons orbiting Saturn, and is in fact bigger than the planet Mercury. Titan possesses a thick, planet-like atmosphere ? the only moon in the solar system known to have one. And the Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn and its moons revealed a surface at Titan covered with icy mountains, oily lakes and seas and what might be "cryovolcanoes" that spew plumes of water and ammonia.
Scientists had long suspected that an underground ocean might exist on Titan, much as Jupiter's moons Ganymede, Callisto and Europa do.
"Models of heat flow in Titan's interior suggested years ago that Titan would likely have an internal water or water-ammonia ocean," said Ralph Lorenz, a Cassini radar team member at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab in Laurel, Md.
Lorenz and his colleagues analyzed several years' worth of radar data from the Cassini-Huygens mission. They found evidence that some features on the moon's surface had drifted.
"As we were mapping Titan's surface, we were building maps up in little strips. Some of these strips overlapped, help tying the map together, but when you looked at where the features were in one strip compared with another strip, the coordinates weren't the same," Lorenz explained.
Their research suggests that winds in Titan's dense atmosphere might actually rock the moon back and forth on its axis, influencing how it spins. The winds can accelerate the small moon's rotation speed and then, as the winds change with the seasons, they can decelerate it.
"Titan's winds should spool up and spin down with the seasons, and because Titan's atmosphere is so massive and Titan is relatively small, the winds have a measurable impact on Titan's rotation," Lorenz said. "If you adjust the parameters of how Titan rotates very slightly, we could make the features on the maps match up."
Winds actually sway the rotation of Earth too, changing the length of the day by roughly 1 millisecond over the course of the year. "But Titan's atmosphere is so massive and its crust is light, so the changes are much bigger there," Lorenz explained.
The size of these shifts hints that Titan's crust and core have to be separated by a liquid ocean to allow the atmosphere to move the crust around. Titan is about 3,200 miles (5,150 km) in diameter. The hidden ocean may be 60 to 120 miles (100 to 200 km) thick and its ice crust may be 30 to 90 miles (50 to 150 km) thick, Lorenz said. Beneath that may be a few hundred miles of a heavier form of ice "that you get at higher pressures," he explained, on top of a rocky core roughly 1,800 to 2,100 miles (3,000 km to 3,400 km) wide.
This underground ocean is likely mostly water with a dash of ammonia. As organic molecules ? the chemical ingredients of life on Earth ? have been detected on Titan's surface, it may be they are in the ocean as well.
"Whether life has ever evolved on Titan is another question, but whether it did or didn't, Titan can tell us about the chemical processes that ultimately lead to life," Lorenz told SPACE.com.
Cassini may make magnetic and gravity measurements that show more evidence of an ocean, "but in the future it would be ideal to put a long-lived lander on Titan with a seismometer to detect the ocean that way," Lorenz said. "ESA and NASA are right now evaluating such a mission for launch in the 2017 timeframe."
However, there might be another explanation other than a hidden ocean behind these findings. Titan might have a reoccurring wobble in its orbit, said NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory planetologist Christophe Sotin, who did not participate in this study. To confirm if Titan has an underground sea or not, Sotin said, Cassini would need to observe that moon for another six years to see if its spin slows down, as would be expected if there was a subterranean ocean.
"If there is the presence of an ocean there, with a pressure and temperature very similar to Earth's oceans, the question of life is now open for Titan," Sotin said.
Lorenz and his colleagues detail their findings in the March 21 issue of the journal Science.
Staff Writer Andrea Thompson contributed reporting to this story.
MORE FROM SPACE.com
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By Daniel C. Fisher, PhD, University of Michigan
The American mastodon, Mammut americanum, is currently the most abundant vertebrate species found at Snowmass Village. Mastodons were relatives of mammoths and elephants, and they all look somewhat similar. Mastodons differed from mammoths and elephants in being more heavily built, with somewhat shorter limbs, bulkier bodies, and more massive tusks. Their teeth were also distinctive; they started out with high cusps for breaking down leaves, twigs, bark, and other vegetation (a so-called "browsing" diet), although through use, they wore down. Mastodons were among the first elephant-like animals to reach North America, from Eurasia, about 15 million years ago (in contrast to mammoths, which arrived less than 2 million years ago). They were a significant component of the North American fauna until their extinction, about 10,000 years ago.
The mastodons recovered so far from the Snowmass Village site include males and females, young and old. While it is unusual to find this many mastodons at one site, it is not unknown. There are a few comparable sites. The tendency for mastodons to be discovered as isolated finds or as a few associated individuals may reflect their social structure. Adult males were probably often solitary, while adult females and calves probably lived in small family units. The reason there are so many individuals at Snowmass is likely related to the site's large area and the long time span represented at the site. We don't know yet, but we could easily have a record that spans several (if not many) tens of thousands of years.
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Constitutional challenge to the New Hampshire School Patriot Act
Freedom from Religion Found. v. Hanover Sch. Dist., 09-2473, concerned a challenge to the district court's dismissal of all of plaintiffs' federal claims on their merits, in plaintiffs' suit seeking a declaration that the federal Pledge statute and the recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in New Hampshire's public schools violates various provisions of the U.S. Constitution, the New Hampshire Constitution, and federal and state law. In affirming, the court held that the New Hampshire School Patriot Act and the voluntary, teacher-led recitation of the Pledge by the state's public school students do not violate the Constitution.
- Read the First Circuit's Full Decision in Freedom from Religion Found. v. Hanover Sch. Dist., 09-2473
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Indicated in complaints from getting wet from lying on the damp ground, from straining a single part, as in overlifting; in fevers, including those of adynamic type; erysipeals in any part, especially in the face; muscular rheumatism, including the heart; neuralgia, neuritis; sciatica;
neuralgic and rheumatic pains; peritonitis, typhlitis, enteritis;
exanthemata with erysipelatous and typhoid tendency; prupura
Lameness, stiffness, soreness when first moving about (as in the morning, when first getting up from sleep or rest), better from motion until compelled to rest from weariness.
Restlessness at night, compelling frequent change in position.
Sensorium cloudy, muddled.
Acrid state of the secretions.
Constant desire to yawn, which becomes painful.
Prominences of bones are tender to touch.
Tearing, jerking pains in the spinal nerves, in single muscles, with bruised pain in the small of the back; lameness, stiffness, soreness in the sacral region.
Tongue red and dry at the edges; dry, brown, cracked, sore, with red triangular space at the tip of the tongue.
Tearing pain in the limbs, tendons, fasciae; great muscular soreness and lameness.
Cough, with feeling as though cold air were passing through the trachea; short, painful; with expectoration of small blackish lumps in the morning.
Dry, teasing cough from midnight till morning; before or during chill.
Pain in the groin; deep-seated, bearing-down, like labor-pains.
Menstrual flow copious, dark, acrid.
During fevers, relief from nasal or uterine bleeding.
Diarrhoea; slimy, bloody, or frothy and painless; involuntary; of cadaverous odor.
Urine dark, turbid, with white sediment.
Skin swollen, inflamed, involving the deeper layers; with intense itching; tendency to suppuration.
Worse in cold, wet, rain; at night; during rest.
Better from warm, dry weather; while in motion; from change of position; from warm applications; from lying upon something hard.
(First Lessons in the Symptomatology of Leading Homoeopathic Remedies by H. R. Arndt, M. D. Philadephia. Boericke and Tafel.)
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- Promotes Energy Production in the Heart*
- Aids Cellular Energy Production
- Provides Antioxidant Support
CoQ-10, also known as CoEnzyme Q-10, is an essential component of our cells which promotes energy production. Numerous studies have shown CoEnzyme Q-10 plays a key role in promoting cardiovascular health.*
As we age, our body's natural production of CoQ-10 slows down, making it harder to convert fats and sugars into energy. Natrol® CoQ-10 is a natural antioxidant that helps cells work more efficiently in the heart and throughout the body.*
The CoQ-10 100mg Time Release uses a unique release technology for dual delivery of CoQ-10. The result is both faster absorption of CoQ-10 compared to traditional products as well as prolonged absorption of CoQ-10 to better meet your body's demands for this important nutrient.*
Directions: Take 1 daily with a meal.
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History of Medicine
The Internist by Jose Perez
(Oil on Canvas, 24in x 30in, 61.5cm x 77cm)
Copyright: This image may not be saved locally, modified, reproduced, or distributed by any other means without the written permission of the copyright owners.
The medieval setting Perez chose for this painting seems to fit the personality of the specialty. It also adds strength to Perez' belief that men still hold archaic opinions about women and often treat them accordingly. Yet, when things go wrong, they often cry for their mother -- hence the woman internist.
The churchmen and court attendants represent all the other professionals who surround the department of internal medicine -- and there's a strong contingent from the area of religion. Is that because the internist needs divine direction, or because the patient may need to be helped into the next world?
In spite of the fact that he is symbolically larger than the doctor, the patient certainly dares not question her medical judgment. The assistants reverently participate in the ritual of the placing of the electrodes. Meanwhile, who or what is on the other side of the door? Could it be the hospital review committee, the only entity with the audacity to question a discharge diagnosis? Or could it be the all-powerful, third-party payer who will accept or reject the doctor's fees for services with the flick of a computer printout?
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Tennis is no different from the rest of American society in having once been segregated. The U.S. Lawn Tennis Association, as the USTA was known then, governed the sport for white America. The American Tennis Association (ATA) governed the sport for black America.
But unlike, for example, the Negro baseball leagues, which eventually faded away after Jackie Robinson paved the way for blacks in Major League Baseball, the ATA is still going strong more than 50 years after Althea Gibson became the first black person to play in the U.S. National Championships.
The ATA is the oldest black sports organization in the United States. It was established in 1916 when members of the Association Tennis Club of Washington, D.C., invited other black players and clubs – primarily in the Washington, D.C.-Baltimore area – to join the Association in forming a national tennis governing body for blacks. This new national organization sought to develop tennis among black people in the United States, to encourage the formation of clubs and the building of courts, to encourage the formation of local associations and to encourage and develop junior players.
Obviously, the ATA paved the way to international stardom for Gibson. It also played a key role in the emergence of Arthur Ashe as a world champion. Contemporary black pros who gained their footing via ATA national championships include Lori McNeil, Chanda Rubin and Steve Campbell.
Promoting tennis as a sport for black people and developing junior tennis players remains at the core of the ATA's mission. But the ATA, now based in Culver City, Calif., welcomes people of all backgrounds.
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What Einstein Kept Under His Hat:
Secrets of Science in the Kitchen
In this sequel to Wolke’s 2002 What Einstein Told His Cook, Wolke focuses on eight major food categories: beverages, dairy and eggs, vegetables, fruits, grains and carbohydrates, seafood, meats, and herbs and spices. From the best way to keep coffee hot to the chemistry behind braising, Wolke answers questions posed by regular cooks and consumers, Wolke reveals a wealth of fascinating food facts including:
Why does refrigerated tea turn cloudy?
The tannins (a loose collection of chemicals that give tea its flavor) within the tea fall out as tiny particles and create a cloud during cooling.
If you take cream with your coffee, what is the best time to use it to keep the coffee as hot as possible?
Adding the cream as soon as the coffee is poured. Even though the creamed coffee is a little cooler than black coffee, because there is more liquid in the cup, it will take longer for the temperature to drop; keeping the coffee hotter, longer, than if you had stirred in the cream after it had already begun to cool.
Raw shrimp can be gray or pink. Is one fresher than the other?
No, they’re just different species. Shallow water shrimp are sand-colored for camouflage while deep water shrimp tend to be pinker, their reddish pigments don’t reflect blue light and therefore don’t show up.
Do hot peppers actually create heat?
No, the capsaicinoids in hot peppers stimulate nerve endings in our mouths like heat does. Cooling our mouths with water is useless, alcohol can dissolve capsaicin oils, but milk and sour cream work best because their protein molecules drag the oils away.
Are brick-oven pizzas really better?
Yes, because brick and stone have high heat capacity and high emissivity, they retain a consistent level of heat and absorb far less infrared radiation than metal ovens. Because infrared radiation doesn’t penetrate beyond the surface of materials, more infrared radiation striking the pizza dough results in better browning and crisping of its surface.
Why does aluminum cookware become discolored in the dishwasher?
Aluminum is an unusual metal in that its susceptible to both acids and alkalis, such as sodium carbonate which is in nearly every dishwashing detergent and dulls the finish of aluminum products.
For those curious about technical details, Wolke has added a new feature, “Sidebar Science,” which offers a deeper explanation of the chemical processes that underlie food and cooking.
What Food Experts Are Saying About What Einstein Kept Under His Hat
Ordinarily, one would expect to wait outside a wizard’s gates through a long, cold winter, kneeling on broken glass, to be deemed worthy to possess even a handful of the truths Professor Wolke clearly, concisely shares herein. And yet all you have to do is ask ‘why’ and open to any page. Good luck putting it down.
— Alton Brown, host of Good Eats on the Food Network
Bob Wolke is the rare mix of lab-coat scientist and raconteur, as if Albert Einstein’s mother had married Rodney Dangerfield’s fatter. He’s informed, amusing, and delivers clear answers as well as good, in-depth science. Who else but Bob Wolke could make denaturing proteins as exciting or as obvious as Cher’s oscar gown?
— Christopher Kimball, Cook’s Illustrated founder and editor
Bob Wolke has a great talent for explaining the concepts behind how we work in the kitchen in plain and practical language, and that makes this book equally useful for the chef or home cook.
— José Andrés, chef/owner, Jaleo Restaurant, Washington D.C.
Bob Wolke writes about the hows and whys of cooking with clarity, humor, and passion. Who else can explain the science of braising or the mechanics of heat transfer and wtill make you chuckle?
— Jack Bishop, executive editor, Cook’s Illustrated
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Photograph by Carsten Peter
Major Fields of Study for GEF Research Grants
By supporting anthropological projects, the National Geographic Society aims to contribute to our understanding of how and why human beings came to be where they are—both physically and culturally. The Society supports field research in social/cultural anthropology, biological/physical anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and archaeology (see "Archaeology" below).
Among the thousands of NGS grantees, some of the best known were anthropologists interested in the physical history of human evolution. This includes Louis and Mary Leakey, whose groundbreaking research on hominid remains in East Africa has been continued by NGS grantees Richard, Meave and Louise Leakey. In 1974, grantee Donald Johanson discovered "Lucy" — one of the most complete upright-walking human ancestors ever found. In 2000, David Lordkipanidze unearthed in the Republic of Georgia what are believed to be the remains of the earliest human ancestors to have left Africa.
Cultural anthropologist Charles Mountford's seminal studies of the Aboriginal peoples of Australia, including the landmark 1948 American-Australian Scientific Expedition into Arnhem Land, were supported by National Geographic. The Society also funded much of the work of Brazilian ethnologist Harald Schultz, whose 1962 book Hombu explored the lives of Brazilian Indians. More recently, we helped make possible Arantza Gonzalez Apraiz's study of Spain's Basque people. Gonzalez used DNA from both European Basques and Americans of Basque descent to determine Spanish Basque origins.
In 2002, Spencer Wells received a grant for his project to ascertain who the ancient Phoenicians were, how they became so advanced and if they might have traveled to the New World as many as 2,000 years before Columbus. His research combining molecular anthropology with archaeological and historical research gradually evolved into the Genographic Project here at National Geographic.
Nearly one third of all Research grants have gone toward archaeological fieldwork across the globe. Our grantees have unearthed evidence of China's earliest rice production, located ancient shipwrecks off Africa, explored Egypt's Giza plateau and much more.
The Society’s first archaeology grant went to Hiram Bingham in 1912 to excavate Machu Picchu — Peru's once-lost Inca city. Four years later, we awarded Neil M. Judd a $3,000 grant to begin his excavation of the ancient Anasazi culture's Pueblo Bonito site in New Mexico. In 1938, after receiving the first of 18 grants, Matthew Stirling ventured into the lowlands of Mexico and uncovered colossal stone heads of the ancient Olmec culture.
More recently, the Society has supported much of the work of pioneer underwater archaeologist George Bass, as well as that of another premier nautical explorer, Robert Ballard. In the 1990s, grantee William Kelso found the lost remains of the early-17th century fort at Jamestown, Virginia — the first permanent English settlement in America. His discoveries, including artifacts and human remains, are helping him and other scholars interpret a long-neglected time in colonial history. In Guatemala, grantees Arthur Demarest and William Saturno have shed new light on ancient Maya culture with their respective excavations of the ancient Maya palace at Cancuen and the murals at San Bartolo.
Ever since it supported Simon Newcomb's lunar eclipse expedition of 1900, the National Geographic Society has been an ally to astronomers. Already an eminent scientist, Newcomb traveled via steamer to Norfolk, Virginia. There, he laid sheets on a dock, using them as a "screen" across which to track the shadow of the moon as it moved across the night sky.
Since then, the Society's astronomy grants have reflected striking advances in technology. We supported the 1950s Palomar Sky Survey, a long-term project to create a comprehensive map of the visible stars in the universe. More recently, we funded Jay Pasachoff's ongoing study of solar eclipses, Tom Gehrels's investigations of Earth-crossing asteroids, Pascal Lee's "Mars on Earth" studies at Canada's Haughton meteorite impact crater, Daniel Durda's search for "vulcanoids" (small asteroids thought to circle the sun) and Leslie Young’s monitoring of the 2011 Pluto occultation.
Nearly half of all Research grants go to projects within the biology discipline, including fields such as behavioral ecology, botany, genetics, marine biology and primatology. Among our better known biology grantees are such respected names as Jane Goodall and Dian Fossey. In addition to primate research, the Society has supported Eugenie Clark's deep-sea investigations, Jared Diamond's work with Pacific island birds, John Terborgh's ecological studies of the tropics of Central and South America and Alwyn Gentry's study of plant life in the Amazon.
More recently, grantee Philip DeVries's work in Ecuador's rain forest has revealed the symbiotic relationship between ants and nymphalid caterpillars. Joydeep Bose is studying the ability of India's endangered Phayre's leaf monkey to adapt to its increasingly fragmented habitat. Scott Mori's work in French Guiana has revealed the crucial role of bats in regenerating rain forests — and thereby maintaining plant and animal diversity.
In 1998, Oliver Phillips's NGS-supported study showed that mature rain forests in the Amazon have become more massive over the past 20 years. Today, Phillips's work continues, as he investigates the long-term global-warming implications of this finding.
While geography is in some way represented in every National Geographic Research grant, geography as a distinct discipline has been supported throughout the Society’s century-plus history. In fact, geographical expeditions received the majority of our earliest grants.
Most of the Society’s first grants were for geographical exploration, including Israel C. Russell's 1890 mapping expedition of the area of Mt. St. Elias, Robert E. Peary's 1909 expedition to the North Pole and Roald Amundsen's 1914-15 explorations of the South Pole. Such expeditions helped shape what the National Geographic Society would become.
Later NGS-supported expeditions — such as Richard E. Byrd's unprecedented 1929 flight over the South Pole and Albert W. Stevens and Orvil A. Anderson's 1935 balloon flights to explore the upper atmosphere — further solidified the Society's identity as an organization seeking to better understand our world.
More recently, we have funded Michael J. Watts's study of the impact of oil exploration in Africa and Sally P. Horn's climate studies of ice age glaciers in the Dominican Republic and Costa Rica. Using space-based radar systems, GIS (geographical information systems) and remote sensing, grantee Barry Haack is studying the effect of urban expansion on Kathmandu's infrastructure and the area's natural environment. Likewise, CRE grantee Qihao Weng is using satellite data and field surveys to investigate the impact of rapid urbanization on China's Zhu River (Pearl River) Delta.
In 1902, National Geographic made it possible for Robert T. Hill of the U.S. Geological Survey to travel to the Caribbean island of Martinique to investigate the effects of Mont Pelée's eruption (one of the deadliest of the 20th century). Since then the Society has supported investigations into many earth-based phenomena, such as volcanoes, earthquakes and glaciers.
Serendipitous discoveries and the interweaving of disciplines were especially evident with a geology grant given in 1975 to Walter Alvarez, son of Nobel Prize-winning physicist Luis Alvarez. While exploring sediments in southern Italy and Corsica, Walter Alvarez made observations that led him and his father to a breakthrough theory. Alvarez pioneered the now widely held view that dinosaurs became extinct as a result of a collision of a large asteroid or meteorite with the Earth.
National Geographic also helped fund Harald Sigurdsson's studies of Earth's volcanoes, Robert Palmquist's history of landslides in Wyoming and Stuart Hurlbert's investigation into the cause of ancient Andean ice islands. Through such projects, the Society attempts to shed light on global environmental change — past and present.
With names such as Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Robert Ballard, National Geographic Society’s Research grantees have made vital contributions to our understanding of the oceans — and continue to do so. Among oceanography's best known NGS grantees is William Beebe, who in 1934 completed a record-breaking descent inside a heavy steel ball called a bathysphere. Even more famous are the exploits of Cousteau, who received 38 grants from National Geographic between 1952 and 1967. On a number of occasions, Cousteau collaborated with another NGS grantee, Harold "Doc" Edgerton, who pioneered high-speed flash photography, making possible his famous photos of the crown-like splash of a milk drop and a bullet passing through an apple, among others. Edgerton worked with Cousteau in developing techniques for underwater photography, including the groundbreaking use of sonar to decipher the depths.
NGS grantee Robert Ballard would further develop the use of sonar technology camera-equipped, remotely operated vehicles. Such machines made possible stunning real-time video, which Ballard used to make deep-sea discoveries — including his discovery of the wreck of Titanic.
Gilbert Voss, the recipient of more than a dozen grants during the 1960s, was one of the first scientists to discover the damage being done to many of the world's coral reefs.
More recently, grantee Craig Smith has investigated "communities" of whale skeletons in the North Pacific that offer habitats to more than 40 animal species. Barbara Block's satellite tagging of Atlantic bluefin tuna has shed light on this animal's behavior — as well as on the causes of its decline.
Research grants for paleontology have helped shed light on the very beginnings of life on our planet and how it has evolved over time.
Our grants have brought to light everything from Madagascar's giant lemur to the earliest grasses found in what is now Nebraska and Kansas. In 1982, grantees Patricia Vickers Rich and Tom Rich received their first grant to excavate remains of dinosaurs that had lived under polar conditions in early cretaceous Australia. In 2001, grantee Xu Xing discovered in China the oldest fossil of an oviraptor yet found — a strange bucktoothed dinosaur he named Incisivosaurus.
Working in Niger in 2000, Paul Sereno unearthed "SuperCroc," one of the most complete specimens of Sarcosuchus imperator (one of the largest crocodilian species to have ever lived). In 2006-2007, Louis Jacobs unearthed important fossils in Angola that speak to the chronology of, and effect on, living creatures during the separation of the African and South American plates.
In 2000 a National Geographic grant made possible Jean-François Pernette's exploration of the unknown caves and karst formations of Chile's Ultima Esperanza region. Pernette and his multinational team confirmed the extraordinary speleological potential of this region by mapping 30 technically challenging caves. You can't ask for more adventure than chasing a tornado, as electronics engineer Tim Samaras and a team including photographer Carsten Peter did over the course of two summers. It was all part of their attempt to place "turtles" (probes that can measure a tornado's wind speed, direction, barometric pressure, humidity and temperature) directly in the path of a funnel. Surviving violent storms and bridging treacherous crevasses, Børge Ousland and Thomas Ulrich traversed Southern Patagonia's Ice Field, one of the largest expanses of ice on Earth. Grantee Jon Bowermaster's adventures have taken him sea kayaking to such diverse locations as the heart of Alaska's Aleutian Islands, the coast of Vietnam, the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia and South America's Altiplano — a massive, elevated flatland spanning portions of Chile, Argentina and Bolivia.
National Geographic grants have also supported:
- Jenny Daltry's survey of Siamese crocodiles in the Cardamom Mountains;
- Roman Dial's rain forest canopy treks in Australia and Borneo;
- Mark Synnott's arduous month-long jungle adventure collecting plants and animals from the sheer rock face of the Guyana tepuis;
- Lance Milbrand's sojourn as the only human on Clipperton atoll, among thousands of bright orange crabs and millions of seabirds.
Nilda Callanaupa, master weaver and director of the Center for Traditional Textiles of Cusco, headed a project highlighting the use of traditional Andean textiles in the festivities and rituals in remote communities of the Cusco region of Peru. The goal of this project was to document the production, use and significance of textiles created for indigenous Quechua Indian festivals before these Inca-based traditions become lost or corrupted. A National Geographic grant also funded the work of adventure photographer Nevada Wier, who led a team of six people hiking and rafting the length of the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia, from the headwaters at Lake Tana to the Sudanese border — a journey of some 500 miles (800 kilometers). During the month-long journey, the team encountered many people who live along the banks of the river and were offered unparalleled insight into their way of life. Karin Muller's 3,000-mile (4,800-kilometer) journey along South America's Royal Inca Highway included a wild ride in a traditional reed boat she made herself. For Muller, a frequent and popular guide on National Geographic-sponsored trips, traveling is all about making meaningful connections with the local communities she passes through.
Carsten Peter led a team of volcanologists and alpinists in exploring and photographing the explosive peaks and steam-pocked glaciers of Kamchatka, a Russian land of more than a hundred volcanoes. One project yielding impressive finds was Johan Reinhard's expedition to excavate Inca ruins on the summits of three Andean volcanoes above 18,000 feet (5,500 meters). He discovered three remarkably preserved mummies on Argentina's Mount Llullaillaco, the world's highest archaeological site. In 2001, Peter Frost led a team of archaeologists high atop Cerro Victoria in the Vilcabamba region of the Peruvian Andes to map and study the ruins of a large settlement that shows evidence of Inca occupation. German adventure photographer Carsten Peter and his team of explorers and scientists made a difficult journey through the dense jungle of Vanuatu, an island in the South Pacific to study and document two active volcanoes. The team spent two weeks surrounded by turbulent magma lakes, poisonous gases and violent storms. Luckily their treacherous, 1,000-foot (300-meter) rappels into the active volcano craters resulted in an interesting study and unique photographic coverage. Exploration-related grants also helped fund:
- Todd Skinner's free climb of the main face of the 3,600-foot (1,100-meter)granite tower of Ulamertorsuaq in Greenland;
- Brad Washburn's Mount Everest snow-depth expeditions;
- Ed Viesturs's quest to climb 14 of the world's 8,000-meter (26,000-foot) peaks.
Natural History and Conservation
Wildlife Conservation Society biologist J. Michael Fay's 15-month walk through more than 2,000 miles (3,200 kilometers) of pristine central African forest — called the African Megatransect — was directly supported by a National Geographic grant. The primary goals of the expedition were to study the correlation between large-mammal abundance and human influence across the central African rain forests of Congo and Gabon as well as to evaluate other environmental and conservation issues. As a direct result of the powerful media coverage of the Megatransect, 13 national parks have been created in Gabon — an unprecedented achievement in conservation on the African continent. Another National Geographic-supported expedition located the remote birthing ground of the endangered chiru, also known as the Tibetan antelope. During a demanding 30-day trek, mountaineer and team leader Rick Ridgeway, climber Conrad Anker, wilderness photographer Galen Rowell and videographer Jimmy Chin followed a herd of female chiru through Tibet's northern Chang Tang Plateau. Photographs and footage of the never-before-documented site were used to help wildlife biologists persuade authorities to expand protected areas to include the chiru birthing ground. In 2001, British explorer John Hare followed the path of Hanns Vischer, an early explorer whose epic 1906 camel journey across the then unmapped Sahara made him one of the foremost explorers of his day. Using camels and armed with Vischer's maps and notes, Hare traveled nearly 1,500 miles (2,400 kilometers) and recorded the changes that have taken place in the last hundred years to the people in northern Nigeria, Niger and Libya. As founder of the Wild Camel Protection Foundation, Hare also sought to raise international awareness of the critically endangered wild Bactrian camel. A 1999 grant given to Hare took him to Nanhu, an unexplored area of China's Gashun Gobi, to investigate and survey the Bactrian camels in that remote desert valley.
George Bass — recipient of the U.S. National Medal of Science in 2002 in recognition of his research in the field of underwater archaeology — received two grants from National Geographic. In 2000, Bass and his team from the Institute of Nautical Archaeology (INA) initiated a long-term survey of important ancient shipwrecks along the Turkish coast. One discovery — the only sixth-century B.C. wreck known in the eastern Mediterranean — is now under excavation. More recently, Bass appointed classical archaeologist Faith Hentschel to continue his underwater survey work off the coast of Turkey using the INA submersible Carolyn. Other notable grantees include:
- Wesley "Rocky" Strong's white shark behavior study off the coast of South Africa;
- Mike Heithaus's investigation of tiger sharks in Western Australia's Shark Bay;
- Marine biologist Nancy Black's killer whale research off the coast of California.
Photos From the Field
Newsletter: Explorer Updates
Stay in the know with updates about the exciting work of our explorers with our newsletter.
Meet the Explorers
Our Explorers in Action
Meet female explorers who have pushed the limits in adventure, science, and more.
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While diabetes is no laughing matter, attendees at the Scotland Memorial Foundation’s second annual Diabetes Fair had plenty of fun this week while learning about healthy living.
Called “Living the Sweet Life!” the health fair focused on educating those with diabetes about lifestyle improvements – including information about diet, exercise and foot care.
“We were at capacity. This was a success, definitely,” said Scotland Memorial Foundation Executive Director Kirsten Dean of the event, which drew more than 120 to the Community Health and Rehabilitation Center adjacent to the hospital.
“In the end we unfortunately had to turn about 30 people away,” Dean said.
The fair was hosted in collaboration with the Scotland Health Care System, the Scotland County Health Department and the Healthy Carolinians organization.
Leading off a panel discussion on diabetes was Dr. Glenn R. Harris of Harris Family Practice. Harris used humor while speaking on general matters of diabetic health, telling the large group that poorly managed diabetes can damage their organs.
“You have to diet. There is not a pill for that chocolate cake,” Harris said.
Harris was positive about the progress made in battling diabetes nationwide and in the Laurinburg community.
“Our drugs are good and people are doing a better job of managing the disease. But I believe we can do a better job with ourselves,” Harris said.
Following Harris and talking specifically about diet was Robin Sirochman, a dietitian at Morrison Health Care Food Services.
According to Sirochman, a healthy diet must correctly answer three questions: “What you are eating, when you are eating and how much you are eating.”
“You need three balanced meals per day and to avoid fried foods,” Sirochman said.
An audible groan could be heard from the crowd when Sirochman said that it was important for people to take the skin off of their food.
“It’s bad for you,” she said.
An example of healthy eating was given earlier in the evening by Scotland Health Care Executive Chef Meagan Moore.
Moore designed a special buffet for fair attendees aimed at showing them that healthy eating can be enjoyable.
“With this meal we are teaching portion control. You can see that we have smaller portions than they might expect of potatoes and broccoli – and all of the desserts are sweetened with (artificial sweetener),” Moore said. “This will hopefully show people how they should be eating.”
Body movement is also an important way to battle diabetes, said Jennifer Sanford of Scotland Health Care’s Rehabilitation Services.
Sanford demonstrated the many and diverse exercises that can be done with a simple rubber therapy bands, including workouts that increase the heart rate and strengthen the upper and lower body.
Concluding the panel of experts was Dr. Millicent Brown of the Foot and Ankle Institute. Because the importance of monitoring feet is magnified in those with diabetic, Brown said that special footwear and frequent observation should become part of the diabetic’s life.
Prior to the panel of speakers fair attendees were invited to visit the nearly 20 exhibitors on-hand at the fair. Among the exhibitions was the Scotland Wound Healing Center, which offered free foot examinations to determine whether individuals have lost sensation in their feet.
“This is a test for what is called diabetic neuropathy. They will get a report card after the test to take back to their family doctor,” said Paula Love of the Wound Center.
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Murphy’s Law of Mechanics: Interchangeable parts won’t.
Dave’s Law of Applied Mechanics: If at first you don’t succeed, try demolition.
The above represents the sum total of my mechanical experience and expertise. Who hasn’t felt themselves growing old trying to fit Tab “A” into Slot “B” only to find that it simply isn’t working? Have you taken a little gadget apart in an attempt to repair it, and after an eternity spent reassembling the stupid thing, it still doesn’t work? Do you despair? Do you repeat the process again and again, torturing yourself on the project until your fingers bleed, your tools break, and your spirit withers? Not me. I destroy the little menace, getting my money’s worth of enjoyment by taking a much larger and heavier object and applying it with great force, producing a satisfying explosion of little airborne parts soaring every which way across the room.
Across the ocean, the Mail Online discusses a study which finds that people who are similarly inept are in good, albeit younger, company. The study found that over half of young people are unable to maintain their homes. A full 50 percent do not know how to rewire an electrical plug, while over half will not attempt to put up wallpaper, never mind try something like “bleeding a radiator” (didn’t they use to do that to people?). And when they do attempt repairs, it gets worse:
The study also found that when the under-35s do attempt to do a job themselves and it goes wrong, it costs nearly three times as much to fix as problems caused by other age groups. The average cost of putting right a botched DIY job carried out by someone under 35 is £2,498, compared with around £838 for those aged over 45.
So domestic and mechanical ineptitude is partly an age issue, but there must be more to it than that, yes? My brother in law literally built my Mother’s house after a drunk driver plowed into the living room of the previous house, and he did an unbelievable job. It would have been just a big smoking crater if I had tried that.
I’m not completely useless, however. Thanks to the military, I’ll do just fine in the field thank you very much. Survival and combat skills in the desert or jungle? No problem. I can field strip an M-60 like nobody’s business and deal with just about any situation that arises on the road in or around the 18 wheeler. But ask me to wire something in the house, install flooring, or do anything with plumbing and I’ll be as out of place as Tim Geithner at a tax audit or Bill Clinton under oath. Maybe it’s because I don’t wear my pants low enough.
Or maybe it stems in part from an acute lack of curiosity about these things during my formative years, and a distinct lack of patience with all things mechanical that persists to this day. On the negative side, this admittedly puts people like me at the mercy of experts and professionals when something goes wrong. On the other hand, I never fail to get my money’s worth of satisfaction out of any object I purchase.
Does this seemingly creeping ineptitude on the part of young people signal a bigger problem, or is it an assist to the professional fix-it people? Is there a need for more formal courses in this kind of thing, or should we just hide the large hammers?
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Local travel executives join fight for airline fee transparency
When it comes to air travel, it seems that each passing day witnesses the birth of a new fee for what once upon a time were benefits included in the cost of the ticket. But, for the better part of the past decade, the airline industry has been increasingly tacking on ancillary fees for nearly every “service” offered, which can inflate the price of the trip considerably, even when traveling on discount carriers.
Do you want a pillow and blanket? There could be a fee for that. Want to choose your seat in advance? You may have to pay for that too. Need to take on a carry-on bag with you? Depending on the airline, it may cost you.
On Wednesday, local travel industry executives expressed their support for the Sabre Travel Network’s “Let the Market Fly” initiative to advocate for transparency when it comes to applying fees — especially those applied without prior notice — on travel.
Members of the local chapters of the American Society of Travel Agents and the Sabre Travel Network outlined the goal behind the movement launched stateside in late February to guarantee the consumer’s continued ability to quickly and easily comparison shop for air travel.
“This is about the cost for extra baggage or its weight, food, headphones, blankets, pillows and even movies, among others,” said Daphne Barbeito, president of the Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands ASTA chapter.
While some airlines are also tacking on a fee for carry-on baggage, in other cases, they are charging a fee for using a credit card to pay for tickets online.
Data compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Transportation show that last year, the aviation industry raked in more than $3.3 billion in baggage fees and another $2.38 billion in fees applied to reservation changes. In general, it is believed that additional fees for bags and other “perks” can go well beyond what it costs the airline to provide the service.
What the ASTA and the Sabre Travel Network are lobbying for is transparency regarding all of the extra fees that ultimately can bump up the price of an airline ticket, often even before boarding.
“We ask that all such fees or charges are transparent and are available, in an efficient manner, to the travel agent,” Barbeito said. “We are the intermediaries and are responsible to the customer who, by being unaware, may lack the budget to pay for those unplanned goods or services.”
If the airlines fail to disclose their rundown of fees, travel agents are prevented from providing full disclosure to customers when a ticket or package is sold, she said.
Late last month, Eben Peck, ASTA’s vice president of government affairs, urged the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Advisory Committee for Aviation Consumer Protection to submit a recommendation to Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood that the upcoming passenger protection rulemaking include a requirement for full transparency and accountability of airline optional services and fees.
Open skies, open marketplace
Through its “Let the market fly” initiative, the Sabre Travel Network has been promoting and advancing an open marketplace for air travel, which benefits airlines, travelers and the agencies that connect them, the trade group said.
“It means that everyone who wants to buy or sell air travel products is able to do so in a marketplace where comparison shopping — i.e. competition — is real, easy and vibrant,” Sabre states on its campaign website. “Unfortunately, markets are sometimes threatened by participants who think reducing buyers’ ability to comparison shop can maximize their short-term profits.”
For Puerto Rico, the initiative takes on special importance because of the domino effect those fees have on car rental companies, cruise lines, hotels and other tourism services, said Walt Báez, general manager of Sabre’s Caribbean chapter.
“We want to ensure that the market remains open, competitive and thriving for all consumers, suppliers and travel agents,” Báez said.
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Universalis with AvantGo
AvantGo was a service that allowed you to download pages from the Web for use on mobile phones and other hand-held devices. It closed down at the end of June 2009.
Alternatives to using AvantGo
On their site, AvantGo are promoting "Snac, a fun new mobile widget application". It is not yet clear how well this service will work and how long it will last, and we don't know if it will be possible to add information channels such as Universalis to it. We are in communication with Snac, Inc. about this.
One person has told us that he is now using Plucker in the same way that he used to use AvantGo (WAP Review has an article about this). We haven't tried Plucker ourselves, but you may want to investigate this. Like any other site-downloader, Plucker will want to know where to start looking at the Universalis site. See Starting Locations for details.
We also recommend that you look at our Downloads section. This has downloadable Universalis programs for many mobile devices, as well as for PCs and Macs.
The advantages of a Universalis program as opposed to just visiting our web site include:
- Layout designed specially for your device.
- No need to connect to the Internet.
- No limit on the dates you can view.
You can try out any of the programs free of charge for a limited period. When you decide that you definitely like Universalis in this form, then you'll have to buy a licence. This isn't very expensive, and one licence will cover all the Universalis programs you use, on your mobile phone, your laptop, and your desktop PC.
Services that retrieve parts of a web site need to know where to start reading the site.
You will probably want to include a reference to your local calendar in the link, if you haven't already got one – here is some information about including the calendar in the link address.
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By Amy Meredith Forbus ’96
Growing up in Little Rock, Emily English ’02 had no experience with gardening. She hopes her current work leads to fewer Arkansas children being able to make that claim.
As Program Manager of the Delta Garden Study for the Arkansas Children’s Hospital Research Institute, English works on a USDA-funded research project bringing fruit and vegetable gardens to 10 middle schools across the state.
"As far as we can tell, it’s the largest school garden research study that’s ever been conducted," English says, adding that school gardens can help students make valuable connections, both to where their food comes from and to other aspects of having a healthful life.
Focus on sustainability
She’s a city dweller who loves farming. How did that happen?
"There’s farming in my roots, but nothing I remember, per se," she said. "I’ve always been very connected with the environment and being outside, even as a small child.
"It turned into sustainable agriculture when I started to focus."
English’s time at Hendrix helped her hone in on her interests to the point that she was able to create her own degree program. Working with an advisory team of four professors, she chose Sustainability, Culture and Environment as her major, which included studies in science, sociology, politics, and anthropology. She also earned a minor in religion.
As she designed her major, English’s advisory team encouraged her to think carefully about her word choice.
"We talked about using the word ‘sustainability,’ and the dangers of it being a buzzword," she said. "They had me keep that in mind ... [but] I wanted to understand this idea of sustainability as something that could be applied to every area of your life. It’s so exciting that now I think we can safely say that it is no longer considered a buzzword."
One of the experiences that led her to that particular word choice came during her sophomore year. She enrolled in religion professor Dr. Jay McDaniel’s State of the World course, which required logging five hours of service learning per week. McDaniel recommended Heifer Ranch in Perryville, as a service learning option.
Owned and operated by Heifer International, Heifer Ranch includes a community-supported agriculture (CSA) farm. English’s service learning hours at the farm soon extended beyond her course requirements. She even used the farm as a case study for her senior thesis.
"I just really fell in love with the magic of growing food," she said, "and had a hard time walking away from it. I connected growing fresh produce with the sustainability of individuals, communities and relationships."
Some of her core classes came from outside of Hendrix. In the fall of English’s junior year, she studied abroad through the University of New Hampshire in a four-month learning community-designed program. "It examined the study of sustainability in the context of community, ecology, and spirituality," she said.
The study included time in Vermont and France, then an extended amount of time in India, where the students lived for two months with "a sustainable spiritual community, who through the study of their spirituality had developed a lot of sustainable practices around living and growing and being together," she said.
English appreciated the support of her advisory team in pursuing the study abroad option. "They understood that this could form the core of my major," she said, "and that they could continue to support and enhance it during the rest of my time at Hendrix.
"It was amazing, and very life-changing."
Discovering a calling
As her 2002 commencement approached, English became convinced that she needed to spend time as a full-time farmer. "So I went to Heifer and I farmed," she said. After graduation, she secured a job at Heifer Ranch, working on the CSA farm during 2002 and 2003.
"I worked for a $200 a month volunteer stipend," she said. "I didn’t really know if I would be a farmer the rest of my life, but I knew that somehow or another, my destiny was to be involved in this movement toward fresh, local produce, and helping people reconnect to where their food comes from.
"I decided that no matter what, I needed to know how to grow, and I loved it. I loved farming," she said. "I loved being outside, I loved the magic of putting a seed in the ground and taking care of it, and watching it grow, and then feeding people. That was the best part of all of it, sharing that harvest."
Weekly deliveries to Conway and Little Rock gave her the opportunity to take food harvested from the eight-acre plot of land and put it directly into the hands of the people who would eat it.
It was during those deliveries that she first saw a child get excited about a vegetable.
"Kids loved our fresh tomatoes," English said. "It was amazing having kids come up and eat and be covered in tomato juice ... knowing that they could pick them up and eat them right there. They were freshly plucked, chemical-free, sweet, tasty tomatoes. Nutrition at its finest!"
In 2004, English returned to Little Rock and took a job at Boulevard Bread Company. Boulevard’s then-owner, Scott McGehee, knew her background and asked her to help him start Boulevard Organics, a small farming enterprise that served the bread company and sold at the Little Rock Farmers Market.
It was during the Boulevard Organics year that English realized how much she valued the educational aspects of growing produce.
"At Heifer, there were kids who came and did service learning, and there were all kinds of educational experiences for people, and I missed that part of it," she said. "And I think it was that moment of farming just for business that I realized how important the service of education was to me.
"I definitely believe you can combine the two, but I’m not a business person, I’m a service person."
A broader context
English then held a couple of other jobs in other states—some related to farming, others not. For the 2006 growing season, she returned to Heifer Ranch as a co-manager of the CSA farm. Returning to that work helped her conclude that it was time for another adventure in learning.
"It was in that year that I realized again, ‘It’s time to go back to school. It’s time to figure out how I can apply this to a larger picture,’" she said. "What’s the bigger picture? How can I take my skills and my interest level and apply it in a way that really moves the movement?"
She saw two options: Learning more about health education and nutrition, or more about how to serve the world. She considered applying either to the UAMS College of Public Health or to the Clinton School of Public Service.
While researching her options, English discovered that the two schools were starting a program together. The timing was perfect, and the partnership matched her interests. She earned concurrent masters degrees in public health and public service, graduating from both schools in December 2009.
During her time at the Clinton School and UAMS, she joined the board of Arkansas Urban Gardening Education Resources, Inc. (AUGER), the non-profit organization that works with Dunbar Garden, the community garden situated between Little Rock’s Gibbs Elementary and Dunbar Middle Schools.
Her work with AUGER led to her work on the planning committee for a farm-to-school conference for Arkansas.
"‘Farm-to-school’ is a national movement to get fresh produce into school cafeterias," English said. "My capstone project for both of my degrees was to help plan Arkansas’ first statewide farm-to-school conference, sponsored by Heifer in November of 2009."
Around the same time, the Children’s Hospital Research Institute approached AUGER for help in gardening expertise. The Institute was preparing a grant proposal to the USDA that would fund research examining the impact of school gardens on childhood obesity.
The convergence led to English’s dream job.
The Institute needed to know how to build a school garden. They also needed to know what the school garden movement looked like, what its larger implications were, and what was already going on.
"I had just finished my master’s, so my work experience and education lined me up to be exactly what they needed," English said. "And so when they got funded and the position of program manager opened up, I applied."
The Delta Garden Study team spent the first year of the four-year study designing the program: curriculum, garden plans and building relationships with the schools. One test garden is already in progress, and in the fall of 2011, four more will launch. The remaining five schools will launch their gardens in the 2012-2013 school year.
The study will monitor students’ fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity levels, academic achievement and a concept known as school bonding.
"School bonding is a child’s attachment to his or her teachers, peers, and to the school in general," she said. Literature shows that children with those types of strong connections may have lower rates of absenteeism, fighting and other social risk behaviors.
"Each of our ten intervention schools, those with gardens, will be demographically pair-matched with a control school," English says. "Both will be measured exactly the same, and hopefully allow us to draw conclusions about the impact of gardens on these identified childhood obesity risk factors."
Each of the intervention schools receives its full-time Garden Program Specialist in June. That person then spends the summer developing a small section of the garden to serve as a model for what the students will do.
"When the kids come to school, they’re inspired, and they’re excited, and they get to taste something right away," English says. "And then they spend the duration of the school year expanding, using that initial garden as motivation."
Mabelvale Middle School has served as the test site, and English reports that the experiment is going well.
"So far, the kids are enjoying it," she says. "They’ve seen and tasted new vegetables, they’ve prepared recipes from garden-fresh produce, they’ve learned how to use shovels and hoes and raise worms.
"We want [kids] to take responsibility for what they eat. When they’re at the grocery store, we hope they will be able to recognize what all those different vegetables are, and to be able to ask for them from their parents or at a restaurant or wherever life takes them. We also want them to know that it can taste good, too—it can be healthy and taste good."
English also hopes to see at least a few students develop the same excitement she has for growing food.
"Even if out of the whole study we get just a couple of kids interested in growing, then we’re contributing to the number of farmers in our state and in our country, we’re increasing the ability for other people to have access to fresh produce," she says.
She is especially glad that she has had the experience of working in the fields, dealing with pests, bad weather, drought and more.
"I never thought I would be in research at all," English says. But it doesn’t just feel like research to her. "It feels like grassroots community development around school gardens and our local food system. But, it’s the research component that gives us an opportunity to gather much-needed data that will hopefully be the evidence we need to ask for systematic change."
It’s a path she may not have expected to follow, but one she truly enjoys.
"I don’t think coming out of Hendrix I knew exactly where I would be in 10 years, but this is quite a fantastic place," she says. "And I’m really glad that I’m in Arkansas, and that I’ve been a part of and witnessed the growth of Arkansas’ local food system and sustainable agriculture movement.
"I am so glad to see this movement grow in Arkansas. There are amazing people out there working to make these changes reality for our state. It pleases me to be part of it all, and I’m incredibly excited to see what our future holds."
Amy Meredith Forbus ’96 is editor of the Arkansas United Methodist, the newspaper of the Arkansas Conference of the United Methodist Church. She lives in Little Rock with her husband John.
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Academic thesis are often "hidden" in university libraries and difficult to locate for the interested public. The thesis are a great source to deepen the knowledge on Art Nouveau artists and their works throughout the history, which is why we have chosen to start a list of such publications.
Below you will find brief information on Art Nouveau related research, on doctorate (PhD) and post-doctorate level. If you are interested in consulting any of the publications, please read the complementary information (that is available in some cases) and contact the responsible universities. You can also contact one of the listed documentation centres on this website if you are looking for a specific publication or if you are interested in a specific subject.
If you, or someone you know, is involved in Art Nouveau related research, please let us know by filling in the questionnaire and returning it to us: a-s.buffat(a)artnouveau-net.eu
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EMAIL SIGN UP!
Most Popular This Week
Today's Top News
Rate of Climate Change's 'Evil Twin' Has Scientists Worried
Ocean acidification is moving at a rate faster than scientists had expected
Climate change's "evil twin" -- ocean acidification -- has been increasing at a rate unexpected by scientists, says Dr. Jane Lubchenco, head of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Lubchenco told he Associated Press that surface waters, where excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere has been concentrating, "are changing much more rapidly than initial calculations have suggested." She warns, "It's yet another reason to be very seriously concerned about the amount of carbon dioxide that is in the atmosphere now and the additional amount we continue to put out."
Lubchenco made the comments while at the 12th International Coral Reef Symposium in the Australian city of Cairns, where thousands of scientists are meeting and calling for action to save the world's coral reefs.
"The carbon dioxide that we have put in the atmosphere will continue to be absorbed by oceans for decades," Lubchenco added. "It is going to be a long time before we can stabilize and turn around the direction of change simply because it's a big atmosphere and it's a big ocean."
A study published in March in the journal Science found that the Earth's oceans are becoming more acidic at a faster rate than at any time in the past 300 million years due to increased levels of CO2 in the atmosphere.
At the conference, scientists warned of the urgency to act on climate change.
"There is a window of opportunity for the world to act on climate change, but it is closing rapidly," said Terry Hughes, convener of the symposium.
Jeremy Jackson, senior scientist at the Smithsonian Institution in the United States, says that while climate change is bringing ocean acidification, it is also causing droughts and sea rise, so "what's good for reefs is also critically important for people and we should wake up to that fact," he said. "The future of coral reefs isn't a marine version of tree-hugging but a central problem for humanity."
International Society for Reef Studies president Robert Richmond urges immediate action to save the earth.
"The scientific community has an enormous amount of research showing we have a problem. But right now, we are like doctors diagnosing a patient's disease, but not prescribing any effective cures," he said.
"We have to start more actively engaging the process and supporting public officials with real-world prescriptions for success."
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All classes have recently been playing with one of my favorite sets of classroom instruments, Boomwhackers. Boomwhackers are simple plastic tubes, all the same diameter but in a wide variety of tuned lengths. A full set can make a 3-octave scale. Boomwhackers are played by, well, whacking! Except for a completely non-negotiable rule against whacking other people, students may whack pretty much anything to create rhythmic tones. Boomwhackers are the perfect size for passing games, drum circle-type activities, and even tossing games. They can also be used to create melodies, one child per note, like handbells. Even a little science is thrown in as younger children learn the relationship between length and pitch, and older students begin to understand more advanced concepts such as why the "Octavator" cap makes the sound go down an octave.
We've increased our use of technology in Lower School music with the addition of my eBeam interactive whiteboard. Younger students have been exploring tone color and phrasing with Sibelius' Groovy Shapes, and older students have been using Groovy Jungle as well as GarageBand. Check out this rockin' song by Mountain 3rd years.** Students composed short snippets of melodies using their recorders. We then played them into GarageBand and mixed and matched to make a song. We added drums, bass, and guitar with built-in Apple loops and changed the melody sound to electric guitar. Now they can jam along with it on their recorders.
Forest 3rd-years collaborated to create this recorder duet, named "Doorbell Song" after the falling minor third "doorbell" interval. We composed it in Noteflight, a free online flash-based music notation editor.
Today we had a special musical surprise. This afternoon was our annual Earth Day celebration, planned and run for the Lower School by Middle School advisee groups. During the games and fun we were treated to a set by local band Birds and Arrows, provided by Shakori Hills community outreach. They were fantastic! Their albums are available in stores and on iTunes, and they perform frequently around the area.
Finally, our 4th-years are hard at work planning this year's Springfest, to be held on Thursday, May 26. Children in all classes have been voting on their favorite songs, and songs will be announced next week. Stay tuned!
**edited to add: The Forest 4th-years finished their song today. Here it is!
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“This has been a remarkable step forward for conservation in Australia,” says Michael Looker, Director of the Conservancy’s Australia Program.
UPDATE: In 2010, The Nature Conservancy—working in tandem with Pew Environment Group, as well as the Indigenous Land Corporation (ILC) and the Australian Government’s National Reserve System—helped the ILC purchase Fish River Station.
Since then, the groundbreaking partnership has helped to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, protect biodiversity, provide Indigenous communities with cultural and livelihood benefits, and incentivize further conservation and effective land management throughout northern Australia.
Key achievements to date include:
The groundbreaking purchase of Fish River Station was recently announced in Australia at an on-site event with the Australian Government and Environment Minister, the Honorable Tony Burke. The event marked the first time that a conservation NGO in Australia has been involved in purchasing land that will be handed back to its Indigenous Traditional owners and managed for conservation.
"By working with partners, we've achieved a big win for nature conservation and a new model for reconnecting Indigenous people with their land," Burke said.
Fish River Station is a jaw-dropping, 180,000-hectare (or 700-square-mile) chunk of northern Australia. Situated alongside the mighty Daly River, the remote property’s savannas and rainforests are shared by sugar gliders and wallabies, kingfishers and eagles.
On this spectacular bit of land, where northern Australian ecosystems still function much as they have for thousands of years, we’ve forged a new partnership to protect nature.
The Conservancy, in tandem with Pew Environment Group, worked with the Indigenous Land Corporation (ILC) and the Australian Government’s National Reserve System to help the ILC purchase Fish River Station.
Now we're collaborating with the ILC — an organization established to help Indigenous Australians acquire and manage land for cultural and economic benefits — and the Northern Land Council to place that land in the hands of Indigenous people who will sustainably manage it. The ILC is committed to turning Fish River Station over to its Indigenous Traditional Owners so it can be managed with a focus on conservation outcomes, in addition to cultural and economic benefits.
“This is a real first for protected areas in Australia — a great alliance with new thinking about how to build long-term conservation in some of our most remote country,” National Reserve System scientist Tim Bond said.
“This has been a remarkable step forward for conservation in Australia,” Michael Looker, Director of the Conservancy’s Australia Program, said. “With Fish River Station, the Conservancy is helping to protect biodiversity, provide Indigenous communities with cultural and livelihood benefits and promote further conservation throughout northern Australia.”
Fish River Station was formerly a cattle ranch. But, the property’s isolation made developing the infrastructure necessary for ranching difficult, leaving a wide spectrum of ecosystems untouched. From savanna woodlands to rainforest to the Daly River’s floodplain wetlands, Fish River Station represents a comprehensive portfolio of northern Australia’s habitat types.
Varied habitat means varied wildlife, and Fish River Station shelters an astounding array of important species. These include nearly 400 plant species and at least four nationally threatened animals: the northern masked owl, the northern quoll, the freshwater sawfish and the Gouldian finch.
The Daly River is home to more freshwater turtle species than anywhere else in Australia. And the property also contains at least 19 species of mammals, including the northern brown bandicoot, agile wallaby, sugar glider and red-cheeked dunnart.
Indigenous people and the northern savannas are intricately connected. Much of the north is a complex mosaic of country traditionally managed by hundreds of Indigenous clans. But colonization left them dispossessed of their lands in the 19th and 20th centuries and interrupted natural patterns of environmental stewardship that had developed over 40,000 years. Fish River Station is an important step toward permanently protecting the relationship between Traditional Owners and nature in northern Australia.
The ILC is holding Fish River Station on behalf of the communities who were the Traditional Owners of this country before Western settlement. The ILC and the Conservancy are working with Traditional Owners to develop long-term, sustainable management plans for the property. The employment of Indigenous Rangers is critical to this work, with the Conservancy supporting training in land management and habitat restoration so that traditional knowledge and the best modern science are combined for lasting results.
The cultural, social, economic and environmental outcomes that will flow from the purchase of Fish River Station will not only benefit local Traditional Owners; they will also be important for all Australians, according to ILC chairperson Shirley McPherson.
“Certainly, Traditional Owners will be able to renew and strengthen their connection to country and Fish River can again become a teaching place for passing on cultural knowledge about land and lore to their children,” McPherson said. “Indigenous Rangers will be able to generate income through programs such as fencing, cultural site protection, weed eradication, plant and animal surveys, feral animal eradication, soil conservation, regeneration of threatened flora and fauna species and a host of other work to protect this ecosystem ‘ark’ for future generations of all Australians."
“The ILC is proud of its collaboration with the Conservancy and the National Reserve System, which has been so vital in acquiring this land and looks forward to future collaborations and opportunities in land acquisition and land management,“ McPherson said.
In a country — and region — facing significant threats from fire and grazing, Fish River Station is serving as a vital refuge. As an example, consider the endangered gouldian finch, whose populations have been splintered and pushed northward. Fish River is an important haven for the finch as it attempts to recover from the damage wrought by large wildfires and grazing pressure.
Fish River Station’s immense importance is bolstered by its ability to inspire further conservation. The property is making a huge contribution to Australia’s National Reserve System, which currently covers more than 13 percent of the country. Fish River Station is also likely to prompt declarations of new protected areas adjoining the station and result in a protected area network of nearly two million acres.
The purchase also augments the burgeoning Trans-Australia Eco-Link, a governmental effort to link more than 2,175 miles of protected areas from South Australia to the Arafura Sea in Australia's Northern Territory.
The Conservancy is deeply grateful to the 3M Foundation for its significant support of the Fish River acquisition, as well as to the many generous individuals who helped to make this ground-breaking conservation success possible.
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Inspectors from the Abu Dhabi Food Control Authority (ADFCA) also ordered the destruction of 23kg of food products found unfit for consumption.
A total of 81 food outlets were inspected in Al Ain, including supermarkets and hypermarkets, bakeries, dates shops and vegetable sellers.
The campaign was aimed at ensuring that the celebrations of Eid in the city would not be marred by food-related accidents. The violations were mostly in storing food, lack of documents confirming the validity and quality of food items and general hygiene.
Mohamed Jalal Al Reyaysa, director of communication and community service at ADFCA said the campaign focused on a number of major issues such as the dates of manufacturing and expiry of food products on display.
“The purpose was to maintain the levels of compliance achieved through rigorous campaigns and inspection visits during the before Ramadan. We do not want carelessness to set in once the festivities begin,” he explained.
Full News here – Dubai Latest Trusted Stories Feed
Get up to 75% discount in Dubai hotels!
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A month ago, Pakistan’s youngest mountaineer perished on the unforgiving peaks of Gasherbrum. His name was Nisar Husain Sadpara, and this is his story.
On March 9, 2012 Nisar Husain Sadpara, Pakistan’s youngest mountaineer, went missing while attempting to climb Gasherbrum 1 (G1) along with Gerfried Goschl from Austria and Cedric Hahlen from Switzerland.
The group had set off from base camp on March 7, at 6 am. The wind that blew was perhaps a shade too strong but the weather was comparatively clear and the team was waved off with enthusiastic smiles by the porters and helpers.
The three mountaineers continued their ascent despite the harsh weather: temperatures had plunged below minus 45 degrees and wind speed was reported to be 120 km per hour. Yet, the three reached an altitude of 7,700 metres on the 8,065 metre tall mountain and remained in contact with the base camp till 8.30 am on March 9. Then all contact was lost.
“When we failed to contact them, we approached Skardu and Islamabad, informing the tour operator about the gravity of situation,” says Iftikhar, who worked with the group as an assistant. At the base camp, the porters and helpers were worried but helpless. Nisar was loved by all those he had worked with and the porters, who knew him well, fretted about his fate.
The rescue operation, however, was hampered by the bad weather conditions. For several days a helicopter could not be arranged, but finally, an operation was launched led by the renowned climber Hasan Sadpara. After a gruelling three-hour search operation, the trio was declared dead on March 14.
A passion for climbing
It was a sad end for a young man who, quite literally, had mountaineering in his blood.
He was born in 1980 to a poor family in Sadpara village, located 14 km from Skardu. Nestled amid towering peaks, Sadpara village has produced many distinguished mountaineers — most notably Hassan Sadpara, the second Pakistani to scale Mount Everst — and most of the villagers are employed in fields related to climbing.
Husain’s father, Ali Sher, also worked as a porter with different mountaineering groups in pursuit of a livelihood. His 10-member family lived in a house with three rooms and cultivated crops on small pieces of land.
Nisar Hussain was admitted in the local primary school in the hope that getting an education would enable the family to break out of the cycle of poverty. Unfortunately, he could not continue with his education. Due to deteriorating health, his father had to abandon work and Nisar took to herding goats to ease his family’s financial burden.
A hard-working young boy, Nisar would often scale the peaks surrounding his village while herding goats and collecting wood. Challenging his fellow shepherds to climbing contests, he would soon leave them all behind while racing to the top.
As per the village custom, Nisar was married at the age of 18, in 1998, and had three children: 8-year-old Rashida, 3-year-old Rashid and little Marzia, who is only 18 months old.
As a boy, he was fond of hearing stories of epic mountaineering feats from his father and other relatives, and given his natural ability, climbing soon became a source of sustenance as well as a passion.
But it was thanks to an experienced mountaineer named Ali Raza that Nisar truly entered the field of professional mountaineering back in 1996.
Ali Raza, who became Nisar’s close friend and mentor, remembers that when he recommended Nisar for the position of a high altitude porter, the tour operator refused to accommodate him because of his inexperience. But on Ali’s insistence, Nisar was given the chance to become part of the expedition team. Thanks to Ali, he went on his first climbing adventure in 1996, accompanying a Pakistan Army expedition to the Sia Kangri mountain in the Karakoram range. Despite being only sixteen years old, he succeeded in reaching the summit, which was at the eye-watering height of 7,422m above sea level. From then on, Nisar collected many accolades and achieved the distinction of becoming the youngest mountaineer in Pakistan and the second youngest on an international level. He conquered five peaks that were higher than 8000 metres, including G1 (8,065m), G2 (8,035m), Broad Peak (8,047m) and K2 (8,611m).
National hero Hasan Sadpara also remembers Nisar fondly. “We climbed K2 together on 27 July 2004 and we hoisted the Pakistani flag on Gasherbrum 1 on 22 July 2006. It is a world record that we both scaled G1 and G2 within the span of a week.”
Unlike many professional climbers, he never used supplemental oxygen and never faced fitness or health problems during climbing. Working with world-renowned mountaineers like Lee Sang Bae from South Korea and Park Young Seok and Han Wang Young from China, he dreamt of setting up a mountaineering club to impart training to youngsters in Sadpara.
While he himself pursued mountaineering, Nisar gave his brother Kazim the money to establish a used shoe shop at Skardu. The uncertain law and order situation often hampered the influx of tourists in Pakistan and the war on terror left a deep impact on the income of those dependent on tourism for their livelihood. This shop was an additional source of income that could tide the family over during lean patches.
Despite the fact that Nisar himself had had to leave school at a young age, he wanted his brothers and his children to study. He sent his younger brother Hamid to Karachi for further education and Hamid, who is studying at Karachi University, used to take care of all of Nisar’s correspondence, maintain his website and Facebook profile. Hamid would keep Nisar informed about the mails and messages sent to him by friends and professionals.
The doomed expedition
Nisar came home in the first week of January from a trip to Islamabad, and his next plan was to proceed to G1 with the Gasherbrum 1 Winter International Expedition 2012. On January 5, Nisar set off to Askoli from Skardu despite his father’s insistence that he abandon the mission.
“I told him not to go since it was winter and I felt fearful for him. But he said that Gerfried, the group leader, was insisting that he accompany them and he could not refuse Gerfried,” said 72-year-old Ali Sher, his eyes welling up with tears at the memory of the obedient son who had dutifully borne all financial burdens following his own retirement.
Nisar and Gerfried had been friends since they had both undertaken an adventure mission in 2003, and had grown so close that Gerfried had even promised Nisar that he would accompany him to Nepal to climb Mount Everest.
Sadly, all these dreams died along with Gerfried and Nisar on the unforgiving peak of Gasherbrum.
Ali Sher had been fetching grass for his goats and sheep when he heard the sound of wailing coming from his home. His neighbours and relatives had brought the painful news of the disappearance of his son. The Gasherbrum 1 expedition has been disastrous, just as Ali Sher had feared.
Despite his sorrow, he kept the news from Nisar’s younger children, who were only told that their father was in Islamabad with foreigners and would be coming home soon.
What went wrong?
Nisar’s wasn’t the only group trying to scale Gasherbrum I. There was another group of three Polish mountaineers also attempting the feat of ascending the Hidden Peak in winter. The difference was that the Polish mountaineers approached the mountain from the northwest, while Nisar’s group adopted a southerly approach. While one group found glory, the other met death.
“Nisar and his team selected a very tough and risky route that had been abandoned for 25 years,” says Hasan Sadpara who led the rescue operation for the missing climbers on March 14.
After communications between the expedition and the base camp broke down on March 9, it took nearly one week to arrange for a helicopter and commence rescue operations. Even then, visibility was low and bad weather created hindrances.
This delay meant that the chances of finding the climbers, whether dead or alive, were very slim. The search operation lasted three and a half hours after which the missing mountaineers were declared dead. Hasan says he believes that Nisar, Gerfried and Cedric were blown off a ridge by strong winds and thrown into the China side of the border.
One can only speculate whether a more prompt response could have saved the missing mountaineers. In Pakistan, rescue operations are usually undertaken on a humanitarian or fraternal basis by other mountaineers, and no dedicated rescue teams or crews exist. Because of this, foreign mountaineering groups and trekkers largely avoid coming to Pakistan, depriving it of millions of dollars in foreign exchange. Despite this loss of income and lives, Hasan points out that no step has been taken by the government or tour operators to reverse the trend.
Ali Raza, while praising Nisar as being a dedicated and technically sound mountaineer, also laments the state of rescue operations in the country.
“It is appalling that rescue operations are not institutionalised in Pakistan, unlike in China and Nepal, where proper rescue operation teams have been set up with all the required equipment, helicopters and professional climbers,” complains Ali Raza.
The way things currently stand, it is the tour operators who are supposed to take the required rescue measures — assuming that the group has paid the fee before embarking upon climbing. Usually, the group pays the rescue fee in advance to tour operators and it is then mandatory for the tour operator to arrange rescue teams. The lone rescue helicopter, which is based in Skardu, can be used free of charge only for military purposes. For civilian and humanitarian purposes, a fee needs to be deposited with Askari Aviation.
But in this case, the tour operator was unable to arrange for rescue operations. Why?
According to Col (r) Manzoor, the president of the Alpine Club, he himself came forward to extend help for the rescue operation. He approached Askari Aviation, asking them to provide a helicopter but the tour operator had not deposited the required $10,000 to Askari Aviation before the climbers had started ascent and Askari Aviation refused to provide the helicopter.
The Alpine Club, says Col (r) Manzoor, then approached the Austrian Embassy for help and only on the request of the embassy did Askari Aviation provide the helicopter.
Ali, who runs Adventure Pakistan, the tour company which facilitated this doomed expedition, acknowledges that he could not arrange for a helicopter in a timely manner. But he has an explanation for why he did not deposit the fee in advance.
“In April 2012, Askari Aviation suddenly increased the deposit fee from $6000 to $10000 and the per hour fee from $3000 to $8100. In retaliation, the Association of Tour Operators had unanimously decided that nobody would deposit an advance to Askari Aviation unless they reviewed the fee structure,” said Ali.
Being a part of the association, Ali too abstained from depositing the fee in advance. However, he declared that the company would support Nisar’s family with an open heart and facilitate them in getting insurance money and other financial aid.
When contacted, Brigadier (retired) Javed, a general manager at Askari Aviation, simply reiterated that the tour companies were bound to deposit the money in advance.
“We provide rescue indication kits to mountaineers which they can use to call for help from any point on the peak. We got the approval to use the helicopter for the rescue from GHQ when the Austrian embassy guaranteed payment to Askari Aviation,” says Brigadier (r) Javed.
“Unfortunately,” he added, “the operations were in vain and no one could find any signs of the missing climbers.”
In recognition of his achievements, the Gilgit-Baltistan chief minister nominated Nisar Husain for a presidential award and promised to provide a job to one of his brothers. He also visited the Nisar’s home to pay his condolences to the bereaved family.
The brave mountaineer may no longer be among us, but his achievements and dedication have made him a hero who will always be remembered in the history of mountaineering in Pakistan. Still, one can only wonder whether a more fitting way to remember Nisar Sadpara could be to set up structures and services aimed at ensuring that no more lives are lost in the frozen peaks of the north.
Published in The Express Tribune, Sunday Magazine, April 22nd, 2012.
More in Gilgit BaltistanEureka?
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Because had there been a God like what we see in pictures, idols, movies, scriptures, religious books; it would have been easier for us to follow any path. As your guide would tell you that this way you can find the god. When you ask him ‘how will I come to know that this is God? The guide would say – he looks like this and all that stuff.
I can explain with a simple example. You will understand if you got this right.
To find God, a guide tells you to – ‘find a fruit in the forest which tastes like air, which smells like water, the touch of which feels like white, and which looks exactly like god.’ Even if you find that fruit, you wouldn’t be able to match it with what your guide has told you. Because the qualities expressed here are beyond the reach of five senses.
Path here does not mean the way or road or method or style or medium; but path here means preparation. And the only thing the preparation wants us to do is – to do nothing, end all the doings, stop acting, cease your existence as ‘I’ and be empty. Then only god will come down and fill in your empty space and you and god will be one.
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Getting Quicker Answers On The Presence Of PAD
- Volume 25 - Issue 11 - November 2012
- 1461 reads
- 1 comments
The statistics on peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are staggering. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that approximately 8 million people in the United States have PAD. This includes 12 to 20 percent of people over the age of 60. Accordingly, appropriate testing for this condition is essential.
BioMedix has developed PADnet, which offers an automated means of obtaining ankle-brachial index (ABI)/toe-brachial index (TBI) values and pulse volume recording (PVR) waveforms. This easy-to use, 10- to 20-minute test can help identify obstructive disease in patients and determine whether medical or surgical treatment is necessary, according to BioMedix.
BioMedix highlights PADnet’s ease and timeliness, noting that one can send test results instantly to a vascular specialist for interpretation. Specialists can review results at their convenience from any secure Internet connection in the world. Not only does the system ensure both speed and error-free transmission, it does so while maintaining HIPAA compliance, explains the company.
Farshid Nejad, DPM, FACFAS, notes he has been using PADnet for approximately three years, adding that its usefulness, ease and consistency are advantages that help PADnet outshine similar devices.
“We were using another device but it was too cumbersome and time consuming so at times, we would refer out so we didn’t tie up our exam rooms,” explains Dr. Nejad. “We use PADnet more frequently than we did our previous device, yielding a win-win situation for the patient and our practice.”
The device self-calibrates before each use and provides numerical and graphical readings, which the physician can easily and effectively communicate to the patient, adds Dr. Nejad, a Fellow of the American Professional Wound Care Association.
Not only can physicians easily communicate results to patients, PADnet helps facilitate patient adherence, allowing for routine testing with the system annually, notes Angela L. Drury, DPM, FACFAS. “I use PAD testing for all my diabetic patients, especially when evaluating them for the vascular component of comprehensive diabetic foot exam,” explains Dr. Drury, who is in practice in Albuquerque, N.M. “I also use PADnet for any patient that is seeing me for foot care and is in the age group of risk for PAD.”
According to Dr. Drury, PADnet allows her to incorporate the highest level of patient care and she emphasizes its importance when evaluating the vascular component of the comprehensive diabetic foot examination.
With the multitude of advantages using PADnet, Dr. Nejad notes it is a great asset to his practice. “PADnet is well worth the investment as we are doing more exams in less time. This makes the patient feel more at ease when the exam is short and sweet,” explains Dr. Nejad. “Because the device requires less involvement from the operator, there is less user error and more consistent results.”
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Hancock Park, located in the eastern portion of the original Rancho La Brea area, was purchased by Major Henry Hancock in 1863. The residential subdivision of Hancock Park was developed by Major Hancock’s son, G. Allan Hancock, in the 1920s. Outstanding architects of the era designed the palatial two-story, single family residences in various Period Revival styles (including Tudor Revival, English Revival, Spanish Colonial Revival, Mediterranean Revival, Monterey Revival, and American Colonial Revival) for influential members of Los Angeles society. The vast majority of the residences are set back 50 feet from the street, as insisted upon by G. Allan Hancock, and include side driveways generally leading though a porte cochere to a rear garage. Past prominent Hancock Park residents have included millionaire Howard Hughes, entertainers Mae West and Nat King Cole, Broadway Department Store magnate Arthur Letts, Jr., and architect William Pereira.
The Hancock Park HPOZ Board, comprised of local stakeholders with expertise in building, architecture, preservation and real estate, meets on the 1st and 3rd Tuesday of each month, though meetings are canceled if there are no business items to discuss. Meetings take place at the Los Angeles Tennis Club (upstairs), at 5851 Clinton Street, Los Angeles, CA 90004. Agendas for HPOZ meetings can be found here.
For any questions or to schedule a review of a proposed project within this HPOZ, please contact Vinita Huang of the Department of City Planning's Office of Historic Resources, at (213) 978-1216, or firstname.lastname@example.org.
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New tools to clean up the Chesapeake Bay being considered by the Obama Administration include the possibility of strict controls for construction runoff and tighter regulations on concentrated animal feeding operations, according to a news service called Inside EPA.
What do you think about this? Are these the kinds of actions that you think are likely to reduce pollution in the Bay?
On Sept. 9, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is scheduled to release its proposed next steps to accelerate the restoration of the nation’s largest estuary. The proposal is being drafted in response to President Obama’s May 12 Executive Order, which said the EPA and other federal agencies must take a leadership role and “define the next generation of tools” needed to reduce pollution in the Chesapeake Bay.
Inside EPA reports that these new steps might include “calling for stricter stormwater control standards for new development and new rules for municipal stormwater permits -- which could, for instance, require rain guards on parking lots."
The federal agency “would be making major, aggressive changes to target urban and suburban stormwater -- and those changes would necessarily have to target new development,” Inside EPA writes.
In addition, the EPA might issue new regulations for hog, cattle, and poultry feeding operations. These could include rules that set more strict pollution discharge standards, and define a broader number of farms as regulated under federal rules for “Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations” or CAFOs, Inside EPA reports.
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Main Points from the "Public Lecture"
Northern Namibia faces great challenges in sustaining and increasing agricultural production due to widespread soil and vegetation degradation.
Degradation does not appear to be as widespread as in other semi-arid areas of the world, such as the southwestern United States, but it is increasing.
Experiences in the United States indicate that irreversible degradation can occur in as little as a few decades.
Some lands are more productive, and more vulnerable than others.
If these lands can be reliably identified, management can be targeted to increase sustainability.
Both scientific and local knowledge are needed to support sustainable land management.
Namibia is fortunate to have both excellent universities and other experts with strong scientific knowledge, and farmers who have a tremendous amount of local knowledge.
A ‘Land Potential Knowledge System’ (LKPS) is needed to collect, integrate, synthesize and make available knowledge on the land’s potential to produce, and resist degradation.
This system would help farmers choose sustainable land management systems, and development organizations to target their work where it will have the greatest impact, and to avoid investments leading to unintended consequences.
Click here to view Full Presentation.
USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range
Las Cruces, NM USA
Local contact (until Friday 25 May): 081 840 7081
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Each May the Race and Gender Project has offered a two-day session to train new instructors for "Racism and Sexism in the United States" (and now for "Race, Gender, and Social Justice" in the new U.C.C. program) and to enable instructors who already have experience with this and related courses to think more deeply about their teaching. This year, the workshop evolved into the Diversity and Justice track of the three-day University Core Curriculum Institute. Below is an outline of the workshop, led by Professors Wartyna Davis and Arlene Holpp Scala.
Diversity and Justice Workshop
University Core Curriculum Institute
May 23-25, 2011
Monday Afternoon, May 23
Framework relevant to Diversity and Justice Studies
- Brief history of Race and Gender Project on campus
- Connecting the history with the development of UCC, specifically the Diversity and Justice requirement
- Essentialism and Social Constructionism
- Framework Continuation
- Debriefing from Monday
- Definition comments
- Media literacy and use
- The place of technology in diversity and justice studies
- Let’s Get Real (currently missing from library but will be re-ordered)
- It’s Elementary
- Our House
- Tough Guise
- Web pages
- Applying Theory to contemporary issues
- Bullying (Arlene)
- Marriage equality (Wartyna)
- Immigration (Arlene)
- The growing class divide (Wartyna)
Wednesday Morning, May 25
- Pedagogy and assessment
- Debriefing from Tuesday
- Bystander stories
- Immigration : a continuation of applying theory to contemporary issues
- “Whose New World Order?” Teaching for Justice” M. Jacqui Alexander article
- How does this article help us to think about Diversity and Justice?
- Can Alexander’s theorizing and pedagogical imperative help us to develop courses for Diversity and Justice?
- How can we engage diversity as historical, political, and legal categories via multiculturalism and tie this with changing demographies?
- Why is Diversity and Justice critical for our students?
- What new courses are you thinking about possibly developing for Diversity and Justice?
- Which colleges and departments are missing from this workshop that could also develop courses for Diversity and Justice?
- Why should we be teaching general education/UCC courses?
- Diversity and Justice teaching materials
- Ground rules
- Heterosexual questionnaire
- Will resistance continue to be an issue? The new racism and feminism (or is it postfeminism?)
- Sharing materials
- Workshop evaluation
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|New American Bible|
2002 11 11
IntraText - Text
1 A satan rose up against Israel, and he enticed David into taking a census of Israel.
David therefore said to Joab and to the other generals of the army, "Go, find out the number of the Israelites from Beer-sheba to Dan, and report back to me that I may know their number."
But Joab replied: "May the LORD increase his people a hundredfold! My lord king, are not all of them my lord's subjects? Why does my lord seek to do this thing? Why will he bring guilt upon Israel?"
However, the king's command prevailed over Joab, who departed and traversed all of Israel, and then returned to Jerusalem.
Joab reported the result of the census to David: of men capable of wielding a sword, there were in all Israel one million one hundred thousand, and in Judah four hundred and seventy thousand.
Levi and Benjamin, however, he did not include in the census, for the king's command was repugnant to Joab.
This command displeased God, who began to punish Israel.
Then David said to God, "I have sinned greatly in doing this thing. Take away your servant's guilt, for I have acted very foolishly."
Then the LORD spoke to Gad, David's seer, in these words:
"Go, tell David: Thus says the LORD: I offer you three alternatives; choose one of them, and I will inflict it on you."
Accordingly, Gad went to David and said to him; "Thus says the LORD: Decide now -
will it be three years of famine; or three months of fleeing your enemies, with the sword of your foes ever at your back; or three days of the LORD'S own sword, a pestilence in the land, with the LORD'S destroying angel in every part of Israel? Therefore choose: What answer am I to give him who sent me?"
Then David said to Gad: "I am in dire straits. But I prefer to fall into the hand of the LORD, whose mercy is very great, than into the hands of men."
Therefore the LORD sent pestilence upon Israel, and seventy thousand men of Israel died.
God also sent an angel to destroy Jerusalem; but as he was on the point of destroying it, the LORD saw and decided against the calamity, and said to the destroying angel, "Enough now! Stay your hand!"The angel of the LORD was then standing by the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite.
When David raised his eyes, he saw the angel of the LORD standing between earth and heaven, with a naked sword in his hand stretched out against Jerusalem. David and the elders, clothed in sackcloth, prostrated themselves face to the ground,
and David prayed to God: "Was it not I who ordered the census of the people? I am the one who sinned, I did this wicked thing. But these sheep, what have they done? O LORD, my God, strike me and my father's family, but do not afflict your people with this plague!"
Then the angel of the LORD commanded Gad to tell David to go up and erect an altar to the LORD on the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite.
David went up at Gad's command, given in the name of the LORD.
While Ornan was threshing wheat, he turned around and saw the king, and his four sons who were with him, without recognizing them.
But as David came on toward him, he looked up and saw that it was David. Then he left the threshing floor and bowed down before David, his face to the ground.
David said to Ornan: "Sell me the ground of this threshing floor, that I may build on it an altar to the LORD. Sell it to me at its full price, that the plague may be stayed from the people."
But Ornan said to David: "Take it as your own, and let my lord the king do what seems best to him. See, I also give you the oxen for the holocausts, the threshing sledges for the wood, and the wheat for the cereal offering. I give it all to you."
But King David replied to Ornan: "No! I will buy it from you properly, at its full price. I will not take what is yours for the LORD, nor offer up holocausts that cost me nothing."
2 So David paid Ornan six hundred shekels of gold for the place.
David then built an altar there to the LORD, and offered up holocausts and peace offerings. When he called upon the LORD, he answered him by sending down fire from heaven upon the altar of holocausts.
Then the LORD gave orders to the angel to return his sword to its sheath.
Once David saw that the LORD had heard him on the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite, he continued to offer sacrifices there.
The Dwelling of the LORD, which Moses had built in the desert, and the altar of holocausts were at that time on the high place at Gibeon.
But David could not go there to worship God, for he was fearful of the sword of the angel of the LORD.
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If there are spelling mistakes in this post, it's because I am continually shaking my head as I write.
For I would like to relay the tale told by authorities on the subject of Thomas Langenbach.
They allege that Langenbach, a multi-millionaire VP at SAP Labs Integration and Certification Center attempted to certify certain bar codes without integrity.
He stands accused of creating his own bar codes, wafting along to Target, switching the bar codes on Lego items, and then buying them at drastically reduced prices.
I am indebted beyond price to NBC Bay Area for bringing me this story and delaying my dinner.
NBC quotes Liz Wylie, a spokeswoman for the Mountain View, Calif., police, as saying: "This probably happens more often than you'd think."
But I didn't think it happened at all. Perhaps I didn't imagine that software execs might be so bored, so fascinated with science, or so allegedly nefarious in order to attempt such a maneuver.
It seems that Target's security people sniffed that something might be awry with Langenbach's Lego purchases -- three at the Mountain View store and one in Cupertino.
Target reportedly pays extra attention to Lego purchases because they're so expensive. The definition of expensive is, indeed, a subjective one. For the total amount that Langenbach is alleged to have pilfered is no more than $1,000.
However, the whole thing begins to reverberate along the axis between amusing and macabre when you hear that when police searched his home, they managed to turn up Lego boxes in their hundreds.
As if reading a tale written by David Foster Wallace, they then discovered that he'd allegedly sold 2,100 Legos items on eBay, netting $30,000.
Oh, and the police also claim they unearthed 32 not entirely legitimate barcode stickers in his car.
Police are still trying to work out how much of his Lego he may have legitimately owned and how much might have been illicitly bar-coded.
What seems clear, though, in this era of falsified educational qualifications, is that he has a degree in computer science and business administration from Berufsakademie Mannheim in Germany.
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Welcome to the website for the Users Organization of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams [FRIB].
FRIB will be a cutting-edge research facility to advance understanding of rare nuclear isotopes and the evolution of the cosmos. The new facility -- expected to take about a decade to design and build and to cost an estimated $550 million -- will provide research opportunities for an international community of approximately 1000 scientists from universities and national laboratories, postdoctoral research associates, and graduate students. This website is established to serve this User Community.
Michigan State University (MSU) in East Lansing, Michigan, has been selected by the U.S. Department of Energy to design and establish FRIB. The proposed facility will provide research opportunities with fast, stopped, and reaccelerated beams of rare isotopes and will adjoin the current MSU National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. You can learn more about FRIB from the FRIB Information link on this site and also from the FRIB facility website at http://www.frib.msu.edu. Be sure to browse through the wide variety of Working Groups covering the spectrum of physics and devices envisioned for FRIB.
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A Native American proverb suggests that all that we do today must be done with the next 7 generations in mind.
The mainstream floral and gift industries have many byproducts like pesticide pollution, dependence on plastics, underpaid labor, hazardous working conditions and excessive CO2 Emissions. Additionally, events are the producers of more waste and CO2 emissions. The average wedding emits 12-14 tons of CO2, more than a person emits in a full year.
We can minimize these negative effects by amending our practices to become sustainable ones. For Gorgeous and Green, sustainability means using methods that we can afford to duplicate without negatively affecting the environment and people around us. With a lot of creativity and research, we have been able to develop floral practices and offer gift products that allow us to do just that.
Gorgeous and Green wants to be mindful of not just how we leave our world for the next generation, but how we touch those people and places that were involved in the beauty we created today.
Take a look at our Services section or visit our On-Line Boutique page to see just what we have come up with so far. We’re always creating new ways to save the earth and stay gorgeous.
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Christmas old and newBy Michael L. Tan
Philippine Daily Inquirer
The Inquirer recently featured photographs of three local Christmas trees made of recycled materials, an encouraging sign of growing awareness of environmental conservation.
I’ve seen other “green” trees around Metro Manila. The Ateneo medical school, for example, has one made of recycled water bottles. Over at St. Scholastica’s College Manila, they had a belen-making competition, again emphasizing recycling. The winning entry was one made of recycled CDs.
The recycled Christmas trees and belen also reminded me of how Christmas goes beyond traditions to bring in new elements. This is certainly not something limited to the 21st century, the mixing and matching dating back to the Spaniards, who brought in Christmas together with Christianity.
The Inquirer recently published a letter from economist and historian Benito Legarda Jr. observing how the term “Misa de Gallo” is now popularly interchanged with “Simbang Gabi,” the dawn Masses leading to Christmas, when originally the term was specifically for the Midnight Mass on Christmas Eve. The older term for the Simbang Gabi was Misas de Aguinaldo.
I was myself surprised, all this time thinking Misa de Gallo was synonymous with Simbang Gabi, and had used the term in an article about the Filipino Christmas, published by the Inquirer last Dec. 16.
Legarda mentioned checking with the Real Academia de Española (Royal Spanish Academy), which has an online Spanish dictionary (www.rae.es), which got me researching into all kinds of linguistic changes around Christmas in the Philippines. It was there, for example, where I found that another term for belen (or nativity scene) is “nacimiento.” (“Belen” itself comes from Bethlehem, where Christ was born.)
For today’s column I also used “Pasko,” an anthology of essays edited by Cid Reyes (with great art design by Ige Ramos) published in 1994. That year may not seem too long ago, but reading through the essays I could already sense some major changes in our Pasko (Christmas). It was while reading through “Pasko” that I found an unexpected lead for glimpses into Christmas in the past. This was Rizal’s novel “El Filibusterismo,” which has several chapters with references to Christmas.
In my earlier article, I mentioned that the term “Pasko” itself had been transformed from its original Spanish word. You won’t find Pasko or Pasco in the RAE dictionary. Instead you have Pascua, which mainly refers to Easter. The RAE dictionary does have two entries that help explain why we call our Christmas Pasko. One RAE definition of Pascua is: “Each of the ceremony (solemnities) of the birth of Christ, of the recognition and adoration of the Magi and of the arrival of the Holy Spirit.” The other one has a clearer link to our Pasko: the time from the birth of Our Lord Jesus Christ to the day of the Kings (Three Kings), inclusive. Filipinos tweaked Pascua, mainly by preponing (I’m using a Hindi-English term, which means doing something earlier—you know, instead of “postponing”) it earlier and earlier until it covered all the “ber” months.
The word “aguinaldo” is in the RAE dictionary, defined as Christmas gifts, as well as gifts that are given during other festive occasions. Aguinaldo has taken all kinds of new meanings in different parts of the Hispanic world, including a Christmas box and a yearend bonus.
In addition, aguinaldo can refer to “villancico de Navidad” or religious hymns sung during Christmas. The aguinaldo can refer to the songs, as well as to the gifts given to people singing these villancicos. The singing of the villancicos in the Philippines has long given way to “caroling,” or what resembles it. Sung well, there is charm when you hear “Sa maybahay ang aming bati, Meri Krismas…” but caroling has now sadly become a way for street urchins to threaten motorists: Give, or we’ll continue with our singing.
Rizal had an interesting take on how 19th-century Filipino children, the upper-class ones at least, might have looked at Christmas with “instinctive dread” because they had to be dressed up in “high silk shoes, big hats, woolen or velvet suits, without overlooking four or five scapularies” and were then “carried to the high Mass, where for almost an hour they are subjected to the heat and the human smells from so many crowding, perspiring people, and if they are not made to recite the rosary they must remain quiet, bored, or asleep.”
The ordeal did not end there. Rizal said the children were then “dragged from house to house to kiss their relatives’ hands. There they have to dance, sing, and recite all the amusing things they know, whether in the humor or not, whether comfortable or not in their fine clothes, with the eternal pinching and scoldings if they play any of their tricks. Their relatives give them cuartos which their parents seize upon and of which they hear nothing more.” (Cuartos are quarter coins.)
I don’t know how many of you went into hiding yesterday to avoid your godchildren, but think of Rizal’s insightful observations from the viewpoint of the children, which probably still hold true today. Talking about these visits to various ninong and ninang, a form of Christmas extortion that has become more common in recent years is for adults to approach you on the street, towing a child or two, and claiming that they came all the way from Bulacan, or Pampanga, or even Tarlac, unsuccessfully looking for their kids’ godparents and now needing money to get back home.
There is one tradition that seems to have disappeared, originally called “Las Posadas (the inn)” and transformed into the Panunuluyan, a street pageant enacting Joseph and Mary’s search for lodgings. Nick Joaquin wrote a charming account of one such Panunuluyan in Makati, with a carroza going around town with images of Mary and Joseph. Old women and young girls would sing, accompanied by fiddle, flute and guitar. They would stop at a large house to inquire about lodgings and a man would peek out of the window and proclaim, “Isang lalaking marungis, isang babaeng buntis,” and send them away. (Joaquin wrote that those are “two of the most moving lines in Philippine folk poetry,” and I agree.)
There’s a happy ending, of course, to the Panunuluyan, with Joseph and Mary eventually finding a place in the church.
There’s more to document about Christmas in the Philippines, including the many variations across the country. The anthology “Pasko” has an article by Ma. Velarde Roboldal about how, in Punta Cruz, Maribojoc, Bohol, Christmas extends from Dec. 16 to Feb. 2, with combined caroling and Panunuluyan called “ige-ige.”
One terribly negative development in our Christmas is the way people end up jostling and fighting with each other or with vendors in overcrowded malls and bazaars. We should revive traditions like the Panunuluyan, which is really a street play with important messages about hospitality. Or we can propagate new ones like environment-friendly Christmas trees and belen. Old or new, these practices emphasize community celebration, one faithful to the spirit of the season.
* * *
More from this Column:
Short URL: http://opinion.inquirer.net/?p=43445
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1Solomon was building his own house thirteen years, and he finished his entire house.
2He built the House of the Forest of Lebanon; its length was a hundred cubits, and its breadth fifty cubits, and its height thirty cubits, and it was built upon three rows of cedar pillars, with cedar beams upon the pillars. 3And it was covered with cedar above the chambers that were upon the forty-five pillars, fifteen in each row. 4There were window frames in three rows, and window opposite window in three tiers. 5All the doorways and windows had square frames, and window was opposite window in three tiers.
6And he made the Hall of Pillars; its length was fifty cubits, and its breadth thirty cubits; there was a porch in front with pillars, and a canopy before them.
7And he made the Hall of the Throne where he was to pronounce judgment, even the Hall of Judgment; it was finished with cedar from floor to rafters.
8His own house where he was to dwell, in the other court back of the hall, was of like workmanship. Solomon also made a house like this hall for Pharaoh's daughter whom he had taken in marriage.
9All these were made of costly stones, hewn according to measure, sawed with saws, back and front, even from the foundation to the coping, and from the court of the house of the LORD to the great court. 10The foundation was of costly stones, huge stones, stones of eight and ten cubits. 11And above were costly stones, hewn according to measurement, and cedar. 12The great court had three courses of hewn stone round about, and a course of cedar beams; so had the inner court of the house of the LORD, and the vestibule of the house.
13And King Solomon sent and brought Hiram from Tyre. 14He was the son of a widow of the tribe of Naph'tali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a worker in bronze; and he was full of wisdom, understanding, and skill, for making any work in bronze. He came to King Solomon, and did all his work.
15He cast two pillars of bronze. Eighteen cubits was the height of one pillar, and a line of twelve cubits measured its circumference; it was hollow, and its thickness was four fingers; the second pillar was the same. 16He also made two capitals of molten bronze, to set upon the tops of the pillars; the height of the one capital was five cubits, and the height of the other capital was five cubits. 17Then he made two nets of checker work with wreaths of chain work for the capitals upon the tops of the pillars; a net for the one capital, and a net for the other capital. 18Likewise he made pomegranates; in two rows round about upon the one network, to cover the capital that was upon the top of the pillar; and he did the same with the other capital. 19Now the capitals that were upon the tops of the pillars in the vestibule were of lily-work, four cubits. 20The capitals were upon the two pillars and also above the rounded projection which was beside the network; there were two hundred pomegranates, in two rows round about; and so with the other capital. 21He set up the pillars at the vestibule of the temple; he set up the pillar on the south and called its name Jachin; and he set up the pillar on the north and called its name Bo'az. 22And upon the tops of the pillars was lily-work. Thus the work of the pillars was finished.
23Then he made the molten sea; it was round, ten cubits from brim to brim, and five cubits high, and a line of thirty cubits measured its circumference. 24Under its brim were gourds, for thirty cubits, compassing the sea round about; the gourds were in two rows, cast with it when it was cast. 25It stood upon twelve oxen, three facing north, three facing west, three facing south, and three facing east; the sea was set upon them, and all their hinder parts were inward. 26Its thickness was a handbreadth; and its brim was made like the brim of a cup, like the flower of a lily; it held two thousand baths.
27He also made the ten stands of bronze; each stand was four cubits long, four cubits wide, and three cubits high. 28This was the construction of the stands: they had panels, and the panels were set in the frames 29and on the panels that were set in the frames were lions, oxen, and cherubim. Upon the frames, both above and below the lions and oxen, there were wreaths of beveled work. 30Moreover each stand had four bronze wheels and axles of bronze; and at the four corners were supports for a laver. The supports were cast, with wreaths at the side of each. 31Its opening was within a crown which projected upward one cubit; its opening was round, as a pedestal is made, a cubit and a half deep. At its opening there were carvings; and its panels were square, not round. 32And the four wheels were underneath the panels; the axles of the wheels were of one piece with the stands; and the height of a wheel was a cubit and a half. 33The wheels were made like a chariot wheel; their axles, their rims, their spokes, and their hubs, were all cast. 34There were four supports at the four corners of each stand; the supports were of one piece with the stands. 35And on the top of the stand there was a round band half a cubit high; and on the top of the stand its stays and its panels were of one piece with it. 36And on the surfaces of its stays and on its panels, he carved cherubim, lions, and palm trees, according to the space of each, with wreaths round about. 37After this manner he made the ten stands; all of them were cast alike, of the same measure and the same form.
38And he made ten lavers of bronze; each laver held forty baths, each laver measured four cubits, and there was a laver for each of the ten stands. 39And he set the stands, five on the south side of the house, and five on the north side of the house; and he set the sea on the southeast corner of the house.
40Hiram also made the pots, the shovels, and the basins. So Hiram finished all the work that he did for King Solomon on the house of the LORD: 41the two pillars, the two bowls of the capitals that were on the tops of the pillars, and the two networks to cover the two bowls of the capitals that were on the tops of the pillars; 42and the four hundred pomegranates for the two networks, two rows of pomegranates for each network, to cover the two bowls of the capitals that were upon the pillars; 43the ten stands, and the ten lavers upon the stands; 44and the one sea, and the twelve oxen underneath the sea.
45Now the pots, the shovels, and the basins, all these vessels in the house of the LORD, which Hiram made for King Solomon, were of burnished bronze. 46In the plain of the Jordan the king cast them, in the clay ground between Succoth and Zarethan. 47And Solomon left all the vessels unweighed, because there were so many of them; the weight of the bronze was not found out.
48So Solomon made all the vessels that were in the house of the LORD: the golden altar, the golden table for the bread of the Presence, 49the lampstands of pure gold, five on the south side and five on the north, before the inner sanctuary; the flowers, the lamps, and the tongs, of gold; 50the cups, snuffers, basins, dishes for incense, and firepans, of pure gold; and the sockets of gold, for the doors of the innermost part of the house, the most holy place, and for the doors of the nave of the temple.
51Thus all the work that King Solomon did on the house of the LORD was finished. And Solomon brought in the things which David his father had dedicated, the silver, the gold, and the vessels, and stored them in the treasuries of the house of the LORD.
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President's Emergency Program for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)
President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) initiative funded through the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS).
Nigeria and Tanzania
Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH)
Key Partner in Nigeria:
AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN)
Key Partner in Tanzania:
Management for Development and Health (MDH)
Dr. Phyllis Kanki, HSPH
Dr. Robert L. Murphy
Northwestern University’s Center for Global Health participates on the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) in Nigeria and Tanzania, which is funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) through a grant awarded to the Harvard School for Public Health. The Center’s role in the PEPFAR project involves:
- Education and training
- Supply chain management
- Clinical oversight
Education & Training
Human capacity building activities are an important aspect of all development projects. The goal is to enhance the skills of the host-country health workers, enabling them to better serve the people of their country. Faculty and staff from the Center for Global Health collaborate with the in-country clinical team to conduct approximately eight workshops per year in Nigeria, each lasting 3-5 days. The topics of these trainings are dependent on the needs of the partner institutions. Examples of past trainings include Basic and Advanced Antiretroviral Training, Basic and Advanced Pharmacy Training, HIV-TB co-infection, HIV-Hepatitis co-infection, Neurologic manifestations in patients infected with HIV, Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) and Pediatrics. To ensure the effectiveness of trainings, the Center administers pre- and post-tests to determine whether participants are retaining the information and whether a participant can move to the next level of training. Ultimately, the participants of such trainings return to their home institution and provide step-down training to their colleagues.
Supply Chain Management
The Center for Global Health liaises with in-country personnel to conduct supply chain management activities for all HIV drugs and capacity building in this area. There are approximately 55,000 adult and pediatric patients that currently receive antiretroviral therapy at one the host-country clinics affiliated with this PEPFAR program. Two of the Center for Global Health’s pharmacologists, Dr. Kristin Darin and Dr. Kim Scarsi, project out drug needs, coordinate the ordering of these drugs, and monitor their effective delivery. They also conduct clinical oversight to ensure that prescriptions are accurately prescribed and administered according to program clinical guidelines.
As Clinical Consultant to the MDH HIV Care and Treatment Program in Tanzania, Dr. Claudia Hawkins provides clinical and technical oversight to program, advising specifically in the areas of ART, PMTCT/Pediatrics, TB/HIV and Quality Improvement. She facilitates regularly in National ART Trainings and Advanced level and specialty trainings.
The Center for Global Health conducts retrospective analyses and operational research on antiretroviral therapies and regimen comparisons in both Nigeria and Tanzania. The databases that the Center uses arebuilt and implemented by the Harvard School of Public Health, the prime awardee of the PEPFAR project in Nigeria. The Center for Global Health analyzes this data to study health outcomes for different drugs and regimens.
See the posters that were presented at the 2010 International AIDS Conference in Vienna:
- Clinical and virologic outcomes of six first-line regimens in a large ART program in Nigeria
- TDF-3TC-NVP is Inferior to AZT-3TC-NVP in a Large ART Program in Nigeria
This page last updated Sep 7, 2011
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The Dr. Rath Health Foundation is the Receipient of the “Relay of Life and Remembrance” from the Auschwitz survivors
What you always wanted to know about the ‘Brussels EU’ –
But no one dared to tell you
This book tells a story that many readers may, for obvious reasons, initially reject. In doing so, they may say that if the far-reaching historical information documented here were true, they would surely have heard about it before.
Mindful of this, we, as the authors, consider it our responsibility to encourage our readers not only to read this book, but also to visit and study the source documents noted at the bottom of its pages. For almost three-quarters of a century, the world has been told that WWII was caused by a psychopath, Adolf Hitler, and his entourage of racist hooligans, the Nazis.
The facts are, however, that WWII was a conquest war conducted on behalf of the Chemical, Oil and Drug Cartel with the goal of controlling the multi-trillion dollar global markets in the newly-emerging fields of patented chemical products.
Click here to read more.
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Earlier this week, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), an independent federal agency charged with promoting transportation safety, voted unanimously to recommend a nationwide ban on the nonemergency use of portable electronic devices (other than those designed to support the driving task) for all drivers. Specifically, the NTSB has called on all states and the District of Columbia to prohibit the use of mobile phones while behind the wheel.
At AIDS.gov we are committed to using mobile to extend the reach our HIV Programs and making information accessible to our users where they are.
As we have written previously, some studies have projected that mobile internet use will surpass traditional desktop internet use by 2014—less than 5 years away (source: Mary Meeker – Morgan Stanley ).
In this new era of mobile computing, we encourage you to continue seeking information and resources on your mobile devices, and to do so safely.
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Wind farm delivers badly needed taxes to Ohio county
On January 30, the Timber Road wind farm in Paulding (O.) County made its first property tax payment to the county in the form of a giant check for $449,212.50, according to the West Bend News.
The article contains a rundown of the economic benefits that have been brought to the area by the wind farm, which was developed by EDP Renewables:
"The Timber Road wind farm project brought over 900 jobs to Ohio during its construction. At the peak of construction there were 400 jobs just in Paulding County. The Ohio law required 60% of the workforce to be from the state. EDP went above and beyond and found it beneficial to have 70% of their workforce from the Buckeye state. Currently there are 11 full time employees working to keep the wind farm functional and operating at peak performance.
"More than $1,000,000 is being paid back to landowners in Paulding County annually because of these wind farm projects. Landowners started getting paid immediately from the date they signed the contract."
Among items in the county budget that will receive some of the funds from the wind farm payment, the article said, are Wayne Trace Local Schools, Benton Township, Paulding County Hospital, Vantage, Paulding County Board of Developmental Disabilities, Paulding County Health Dept, Senior Center, Paulding County Carnegie Library, and Tri-County Mental Health.
Wind for schools ... and property taxes, November 26, 2012
Wind turbines' meaning for Oregon ranchers: Hope, July 18, 2012
New Oklahoma wind farm brings economic benefits, July 13, 2012
N.Y. port sees action due to wind power, PTC, May 9, 2012
WindTV: Colorado county gets big boost from wind power, March 26, 2012
WindTV: Wind power breathes new life into small Colorado town, March 21, 2012
Texas wind transforming oil country, March 7, 2012
WindTV: Wind power drives commerce in small-town America, January 24, 2012
WindTV: Wind power, Wyoming ranching go together, December 19, 2011
Wind power brings new-found income to local businesses, December 13, 2011
WindTV: Wind power generates good jobs for young people, December 6, 2011
Wind farms make 1st appearance in Ohio, 'churning up cash', October 17, 2011
As rural economy struggles, wind power provides critical help, April 18, 2011
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All countries have their own laws and policies, and some are very different to those we are used to here in the UK.
Need A Solicitor offers an A to Z directory for each country with links to government portals and other related organisations, providing information such as:
- visa requirements
- import and export regulations
- health risks including the need for inoculations/vaccinations and medical insurance
- transport, travelling and accommodation
- language and religion
- cultural awareness
- alcohol laws and restrictions
- economy and taxes
- embassy information - World Wide Embassies
Please note, when travelling between EU countries different customs regulations apply. Visit the European Union Taxation and Customs Union for further information. For further information on customs allowances and restrictions when arriving or returning to the U.K, visit the U.K Border Agency.
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Happy 234th Birthday to the Declaration of Independence.
The Declaration of Independence is part break-up letter (Dear George, We’ve grown apart, I deserve to be treated better, and I think we should see other people), and part radical assertion about human nature and organization. Before the writers get to the long list of grievances against the King, they start with a little bit of philosophy.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.
Here, then, is the bedrock of these United States…the absolute foundations upon which this grand experiment has been built. This is the bedrock to which I am loyal in my citizenship, here–a citizenship which I understand to be far greater than loyalty to one particular spot on the globe and which carries with it responsibilities far graver than voting. It is a responsibility to ensure equality for all human beings. It is a responsibility to make certain that all human beings may have their lives, liberty and pursuits of happiness preserved. This is the way that humanity was created. These things are part of the essence of our human nature.
My own Unitarian Universalist faith asserts that all human beings have inherent worth and dignity. All people, no matter what small patch of soil you were born upon, are of equal worth. Our faith also reminds us of the reality that we live in an interdependent world. We are in relationship with one another all the time across cultures, boundaries, borders, nationalities and ideologies. When we are in right relationship, we are bringing about the Beloved Community.
The United States is my life-long home, and I have enormous privileges as a result of that accident of birth. But I stand with Eugene Debs, who said, “I have no country to fight for; my country is the earth, and I am a citizen of the world.” Or, if you prefer, Alanis Morrisette, who sang “I am a citizen of the planet; my president is Kwan Yin.” I learn this from the realities of a highly globalized and interdependent world. I learn this from my faith. I learn this from the assumption of inherent equality set forth by a group of people who were birthing a new country–a new vision for community.
Here is the soul of citizenship, in these few lines written 234 years ago, as relevant as ever in our hyper-connected, global world. It is, still, a radical assertion. All people are equal–so conduct your life, your self, your business as if that were true. All people, in that equality, have the same rights which can not be taken away. Iraquis have a right to life. Iranians have a right to liberty. Transgendered persons have a right to pursue happiness.
Citizenship is a web of both responsibilities and privileges. So we have a responsibility to uphold and promote these truths about human nature, not just for our own individual selves, but for all people, everywhere. We have a responsibility to understand the complexities of our global economy, and to hold our systems of government accountable to all people. We have a responsibility to support and engage the beautiful and growing multiculturalism all around us. And in return, we receive greater love, more understanding more peace. We become beneficiaries of the Beloved Community that we have a responsibility to help to build.
And that is certainly worthy of celebration. Bring on the picnics and pyrotechnics!
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CenterLine Report: What a long way we've come
Activity at the property where the San Jose Earthquakes’ new stadium will rise has resumed this week as contractors begin preparing the site for construction to begin. Already, those that have ventured along Coleman Avenue just southwest of Mineta San José International Airport will have noticed a pair of excavators, one Earthquakes blue and the other traditional yellow (how perfect would it be for it to be black), picking through the rubble that sits piled high at the fringes of the site.
Following this critical preparation process, and after foundational work is complete, the first visible steel infrastructure will be installed. The entire project is planned to take a year, which is approximately the same amount of time until the next MLS season is expected to begin. In a wonderful, almost serendipitous, symmetry, as the Earthquakes on the field at nearby Buck Shaw Stadium attempt to construct another championship-caliber season, fans can cast an eye eastward and watch workers construction the club’s future home.
So what did it take to get to this point? And why does it seem that every year at this time something new-stadium related takes center stage? The first question is easy to chronicle, while the second likely comes down less to a metaphor of the first signs of spring and more to happenstance. Still, altogether, the path to an Earthquakes new stadium opening date of March 2014 is one worth savoring and celebrating.
As the story goes, the original San Jose MLS franchise, once mockingly known as “The Clash,” always felt that their future lie not at Spartan Stadium but in a dedicated facility of their own. Even going back to the ‘70s, when the NASL Earthquakes owned these parts, the idea of a soccer stadium was merely a dream, but one that brought a wistful sheen to one’s eyes. In the MLS years when Frank Yallop and Dominic Kinnear ruled the touchline and the club enjoyed a bevy of silverware, the push for a stadium really took hold, though sadly to no effect, and the franchise left for greener (oranger?) pastures.
In 2007, when MLS announced that top-tier professional soccer was returning to the Bay Area, the hopes for a new stadium returned as well. After all, the league had entered its second era, MLS version 2.0 if you like, which was marked by new franchises and old constructing and moving into soccer-specific-stadiums. Could the new Earthquakes be too far behind?
The team announced it would be look to nearby Buck Shaw Stadium, more a converted football field than soccer pitch, as its temporary home while a location was secured for its own soccer-specific-stadium. By 2009, a promising site had been indentified and the first renderings of a proposed facility were presented to a hungry public (literally hungry, as the images were first introduced during the keynote speech of the club’s annual dinner celebration).
The simple yet elegant European-styled design was slow to catch on, but supporters soon recognized how the intimate dimensions of “The Epicenter” would provide an imposing backdrop for the teams on the field. Video flyovers only heightened the anticipation for the new stadium’s arrival, and the constant chant of “Build it now!” could be heard at ersatz Buck Shaw. At last it seemed these Earthquakes were finally going to take root in San Jose.
But the process stalled as city officials and the Quakes’ organization embarked on the convoluted trail of planning meetings and permit applications. Throughout 2010, very little activity seemed apparent to those on the outside, but within city offices, insiders were methodically navigating the system. Is financing and building a stadium in the lovely state of California a walk on the beach? Not even close, and the process dragged on – predictably.
However, with the calendar moving ahead to 2011 and supporters still entranced by the team’s MLS Cup playoff run to the Eastern Conference Championship game (stupid seeing-eye free kick!) full of vim and vigor, good news came with the announcement of “Demolition Day” at the proposed new stadium site. What for years had been an unsightly array of abandoned manufacturing buildings would soon be leveled to make way for the Earthquakes future home.
So on March 3, 2011, two years to the day to the upcoming Earthquakes’ 2013 regular season opener – how’s that for a coincidence! – a cadre of local dignitaries, team officials and players, and countless patient but enthusiastic supporters gathered to witness the first excavator get to work on tearing down the warehouse walls. The ceremony even included a Bradley fighting vehicle, one of the items produced by the former building tenants, piloted by hard-hat wearing Quakes players; team leader Chris Wondolowski even took a turn at operating the excavator.
As the grand event faded into the rearview mirror, the busy work of dealing with the permitting process returned to the grind. Concerned local citizens predictably opposed aspects of the new stadium project, and Earthquakes officials responded with concessions and negotiations. By early 2012, the stage was set for the club to clear the last procedural hurdle to initiating construction of the new stadium.
On Feb. 22, 2012, San Jose’s city hall council chamber was overflowing with blue and black clad supporters of the stadium project. A semicircle of planning commissioners listened intently to a long line of people both in support and against the last appeal of the project. And, after what seemed to be an indeterminate length of time, the commission voted overwhelming to deny the appeal and let the Earthquakes go about their business. Eschewing decorum, the crowd roared their approval and dispersed into downtown San Jose to celebrate the night.
All systems were “go” for the new stadium, and team officials and contractors sped up their efforts to design the entire structure and surrounding grounds. Luxury suites and club seating were already being snapped up by loyal fans, and season ticket holders were lining up for their chance to secure seats. By the summer, city officials had also approved a project to install four new soccer fields adjacent to the stadium site, helping create a true center for soccer in San Jose. In all, six full soccer fields will be concentrated at the location, providing recreation opportunities to the public and a facility worthy of hosting any of a number of prestigious tournaments and events.
By the fall, with all the pomp and circumstance befitting a franchise that on the field was well on their way to capturing the Supporters’ Shield, the team held a Guinness World Record setting groundbreaking ceremony. Over 6,000 commemorative blue shovels were enthusiastically thrust into the very same soil that would one day support a lush grass playing surface inside the new stadium. By virtue of the dust in the air, supporters could actually taste the progress.
Which leads to this week and the start of the next phase in the new stadium saga, as rubble is removed and contractors and builders begin to move in en masse. Good things seem to happen at this time of year regarding the new stadium, which portends the grandest of grand opening ceremonies in March 2014. “Build it now!” is actually now, and for the city, the club, the players, and the fans, it couldn’t have come soon enough.
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By Sally Adee | March 28, 2011 | 22 Comments
On 24 September, 1987, six year old Leide Ferreira threw up ten minutes after eating her egg sandwich. The next day her parents started throwing up too. Vomiting and diarrhea were followed by strange aches and burns. When Leide’s mother Maria went to the public health clinic in Goiás, the doctor ascribed her symptoms to food poisoning and sent her back home. Leide’s grandmother, who came to help her family, got sick too. Lesions crept over their skin and their hair fell out. The family’s neighbors began to think they had AIDS.
On 28 September, Maria dragged herself back to the doctor’s office and deposited on his desk a small plastic bag filled with iridescent blue powder. This, she said, was the culprit. The doctor dismissed her claims as superstitious nonsense and admitted her to the Tropical Diseases hospital. But another doctor at the clinic called a health physicist to test the mysterious bag. The next day, 112 thousand people found themselves packed into Olympic stadium, queuing at hastily constructed tents to be tested for radiation poisoning.
Goiânia is the capital of the state of Goiás in central Brazil. About 1.3 million people live there. In 1971, a local cancer treatment clinic bought a radiation therapy machine. When the practice closed 14 years later, the administrators left the now-obsolete machine in the abandoned clinic without notifying either the state or Brazil’s National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN).
The deserted clinic went through the usual process of decomposition. By 1987, the building had been reduced to three ramshackle walls with large holes eating through the peeling sides. Homeless people slept there. The erstwhile treatment room contained human excrement and the still relatively intact radiological machine, which looks like a cross between an enormous telescope and a dentist’s chair.
That machine was finally discovered by Roberto dos Santos Alves and Wagner Mota Pereira, two locals who made their living selling scrap metal. On 13 September, the men brought a wheelbarrow to the dilapidated building, took apart the heavy outer assembly, and transported the inner canister back to Leide’s uncle’s scrap lot, where they got about $25 for it. When Devair Ferreira’s employees smashed the canister open, they found still another inner container. Ernesto, one of the employees, finally pried the capsule open with a screwdriver.
His curiosity was rewarded with about a third of an ounce of sparkling, glowing blue powder. The consistency was variable—some crystals were as big as rice grains; others the size of dust. They were held loosely together in a crumbly cake, which Ernesto broke apart and sifted through his fingers. Witnesses later said they remembered him calling it “carnival glitter.” Ernesto chose one of the bigger blue crystals to make into a ring for his wife, put it in his right front pocket, and went back to work.
The powder enthralled everyone. Devair began to suspect that it might be supernatural. His brother dipped a finger into the dust and drew a cross on his abdomen. Maria slept in bedclothes covered in the sparkly blue dust. Neighbors and acquaintances came to the Ferreiras’ home to take some of the mystical powder for good luck. Six-year-old Leide rubbed the powder all over her arms so that she glowed and sparkled. The bedclothes, the house, and the girl were covered in crystals. So was the egg sandwich she ate for lunch.
The blue glitter wasn’t magical, but it did have some powerful properties: the salt, called cesium chloride, was used in the radiotherapy machine. As its active ingredient, cesium-137, decays, it emits two radioactive products: beta particles and gamma rays, both of which damage the body. Beta particles are simply electrons. They travel slowly and without much force. At worst, external exposure irritates the skin, causing a sunburn-like reddening called “beta burn,” but skin cells are tough enough to easily block beta particles from doing any internal damage. But when they’re ingested, the story changes. The same sluggish travel capacity that makes them relatively harmless outside the body makes them more harmful inside, where all their energy is trapped inside a tiny radius. The more energy the electron burns into each cell, the worse the damage, and the more DNA strands are broken.
The other product of cesium-137 decay is gamma radiation. Gamma rays are photons, just like visible light, but with about 10,000 times as much energy. Gamma rays are more penetrating than beta particles, in fact more so than x-rays: they barely notice the skin as they glide through organs, muscle, and bone. Because they are so deeply penetrating, they may not hit any cells at all, but just pass through the body without interaction. Whether they hit a cell or pass through depends on how much radiation is emitted by the source and how close a person is to that source. The corollary of “beta burn” is called a thermal gamma burn, but instead of irritating the skin, it fries the organs inside the body.
The larger particles Leide had rubbed on her skin adhered to the sandwich and wreaked havoc on her stomach and intestine cells during digestion. The finest crystals clung to the dust she breathed and drifted into her lungs.
The time it takes to die of radiation poisoning depends on how the exposure compares to background radiation, the nominal amount of radiation a person can expect to receive from the natural environment. That’s around 0.002 Gray per hour, a Gray being the standard international unit of absorbed radiation dose. If gamma radiation can be thought of as a steady stream of progressively more lethal bullets, the Gray measures how many of those little bullets will hit during a given amount of time. A dose of 4-5 Grays—30,000 times the background levels—kills all the body’s red and white blood cells. The death of these cells destroys the immune system, and opportunistic diseases can roam free. The exposed individual dies within a few weeks.
Once CNEN realized the magnitude of the contamination, the organization cast a wide net to test as many people as they could. They flew 54 severely contaminated people to a hospital in Rio de Janeiro, where they were put in “reverse isolation,” which, instead of protecting the staff from a patient’s infection, protects patients with compromised immune systems from infections caused by something as innocuous as a fungus or a common cold carried by a nurse’s aide. Hospital staff had to decontaminate patients’ skin anew every day, using a mix of soapy water and a diluted acid, because their sweat kept re-contaminating their own skin from the inside.
The first task, however, was to remove as much of the internal source as they could. “When you’re internally exposed, the first thing you want to do is just get it out of your body by any means necessary,” says Jonathan Links, a health physicist at Johns Hopkins University and the former president of the Nuclear Medicine Society. “You start with brute force: lavage, laxatives. Just get whatever is inside out.” In addition to the “brute force” tactics, they tried chemical methods. Prussian Blue is a chemical agent that works by bonding to the radioactive particles inside the body. These are then secreted through the normal pathways: urine, feces, and sweat.
Most of the 54 survived because they were exposed to less than 1 Gray. However, several people lost fingers, and 23 people were treated for localized radiation burns. Five required skin grafts. Ernesto, the scrap yard worker who had sifted lovingly through the entire cake of fairy dust, received intense thermal gamma burns on his hands and on his right thigh, where the cesium-137 chunk intended for his wife’s ring had burned through his trousers.
The men who had dismantled the cancer therapy machine in the clinic fared badly. According to the IAEA report detailing the incident [PDF], Pereira and Alves had probably been exposed to doses around 4 Gray from the moment they moved the giant machine. Both men had complained of vomiting, diarrhea and vertigo within days of their initial exposure, and Pereira’s hand was swollen and burned. Like Leide’s father, he had been initially diagnosed with a reaction to tainted food. Late in October, two of Devair’s other workers died of internal hemorrhaging.
For Leide and her mother, the only care the hospital could offer was palliative. Leide had an estimated internal dose of 4 Gray—that’s just from inhalation and ingestion—and she died on 23 October, on the same day as her mother. She was buried in a lead coffin, sealed with concrete.
Leide’s death was only the first tremor of what would happen in Goiânia. Less than half an ounce of cesium chloride would become a city-wide contamination, a political and economic catastrophe, and 13 and a half tons of nuclear waste. And that was just in the first month.
Last week, the New York Times reported that the reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi plant reactors have discharged mainly iodine-131 and cesium-137. “It’s the cesium that would prompt an evacuation,” Argonne National Laboratory nuclear engineer Shih-Yew Chen told Science, which also reported that Japan’s cesium-137 soil measurements are now surprisingly high.
What makes the Goiânia incident instructive is that unlike the Chernobyl disaster, which spewed everything—strontium, cesium, iodine and a whole assortment of nasty characters—here the sole contaminant was cesium-137. It has been possible to trace the effects, over 30 years, of a single source of a single radioactive isotope.
I’ll continue the story next time.
[The opening picture: It’s not cesium chloride. It's art courtesy of flickr user bmooneyatwork. The map is courtesy of the 1988 International Atomic Energy Agency report on the incident. The third image shows people being tested for exposure at the stadium, courtesy of CNEN, and you can find it in the IAEA report. The fourth image is actual cesium, but not cesium chloride, by Wikimedia user Dennis "S.K."]
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Project Noah is a tool to explore and document wildlife and a platform to harness the power of citizen scientists everywhere.
It is a very pink mushroom! We took that picture when we were taking our dog for a walk.
Our dog almost ate the mushroom! " YUCK!"
Yes, it is a Russula
Thanks for the information and the comments!
the Gomphidius subroseus has a yellow colorations at the stem, i would rather agree with the suggestion from shebebusynow. think it resembles a very beautiful specimen from russula luteotacta or some similiar species from your region.
Lat: 43.73, Long: -70.11
Spotted on Oct 27, 2011 Submitted on Oct 27, 2011
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A Times investigation: No cash left behind Feb. 10-11
Dedicated tutors provide students quality service
In response to your series on Supplemental Education Services, I join thousands of members of the Tutor Our Children coalition in condemning abuses in the SES program. As with any program, there have been bad actors, and TOC strongly believes they should be held accountable. However, it is unfair to paint, with the same brush, the many conscientious providers who strive to provide quality tutoring support to children struggling in low-performing schools. TOC is at the forefront of efforts to critically evaluate and enhance this program, including supporting federal legislation designed to expand access to tutoring while requiring rigorous certification, reporting and accountability for tutoring providers.
TOC was founded by tutoring services providers. We are proud of our efforts to give a voice to parents and students who support this program but are forgotten in the debate over education reform.
There is ample research documenting the efficacy of SES tutoring. A study by the U.S. Education Department found the vast majority of participants in SES are from underrepresented minority backgrounds and that SES participation and achievement gains were statistically significant in both mathematics and reading.
The Hillsborough County School District was one of five measured in the study where students benefitted significantly from SES tutoring. A 2012 Florida Inspector General report also found that "significant learning gains were realized" as a result of SES, and that the program "is beneficial and effective in enhancing the academic achievement of students."
SES tutoring provides vital academic support to children of families who otherwise lack the means to pay for this basic assistance. Imposing rigorous standards on SES programs while ensuring our most vulnerable children have continued access is the right thing to do.
Stephanie Monroe, Tutor Our Children, Baltimore
Scott's correct priorities
Gov. Rick Scott recently released his budget for fiscal year 2013-14, and his emphasis is rightly placed on education and jobs. This is where our state's focus must be to continue building a skilled workforce and growing jobs.
One of many proposals of note is the governor's recommendation to double the annual funding for Florida's Quick Response Training Grant program, from $6 million to $12 million. This grant program directly helps expanding Florida businesses like Pinellas County-based Power Design Inc. The company expects to hire and train 134 people with the help of a QRT grant awarded in 2012. This performance-based, partial reimbursement program heightens productivity, enhances employees' skills and increases workers' wages upon completion. Recent data show employees' wages, on average, increased by nearly 30 percent after receiving QRT-supported training.
As chairman of the Workforce Florida board of directors, I applaud Scott for putting Florida's families first in his proposed state budget.
Dwayne E. Ingram, chairman, Workforce Florida Inc., Odessa
It's not limited to Greer | Feb. 12
Keep after this scandal
Adam C. Smith has done an outstanding job on the coverage of the Jim Greer case. He has made the point that Greer was not in this alone and covered the relationships to former Gov. Charlie Crist and others fairly. His comments on the relationship between Greer and the current administration were right on.
I would hope that Smith and this paper now move forward and address these issues in the other parties in our state and perhaps become a force to change this problem. I am sure all parties have this problem and we need, as noted by Smith, major changes in the law and the enforcement of these laws.
Sadly, this problem is at the national level as well as the local level.
Rich Prestera, Treasure Island
Truth is still out there
The Republican Party pulled a coup by having Jim Greer plead guilty, sparing a trial. A trial would have embarrassed not only the Florida GOP but the national party as well, and its "poster boy" Marco Rubio.
Contrary to GOP attorney Steve Dobson's statement, now we will never know the truth. There were too many powerful politicians involved. As citizens and voters we should have all the facts of the case.
If the GOP wants to claim its innocence in this case, Greer should receive the maximum punishment and not a slap on the wrist for taking one for the party.
Joseph Rohrbacher, Spring Hill
Dynamic podium presence
My wife and I have been attending symphonies in Tampa since 1959. I have been out of state for seven months and returned to read that Stefan Sanderling is now conductor emeritus and artistic adviser, and that the orchestra is having a series of guest conductors so board members can chose a new music director and conductor.
Although Sanderling may be an excellent music director, I always thought his stage presence was rather mediocre and he lacked animation and vitality on the podium.
Having attended the Feb. 8 pops concert, I was extremely impressed with guest conductor Victor Vanacore. His stage presence was exhilarating. He was personable, effervescent and exuberant. The audience loved him. If the board could pry him away from the smog in Los Angeles it would be a feather in their caps. I believe that such an esteemed conductor of his status would definitely increase ticket sales.
Edward C. Prange, Tampa
Who's at the Trop? Feb. 10
Flesh out the figures
Only 800 season ticket fans from St. Petersburg? Why not include the total number from Pinellas County? That would be a relevant figure for the discussion. It would also be important to know how many of us in the county have partial season ticket packages. Admittedly the number quoted is low and in need of improvement, but these other numbers are important as well.
We have been partial season ticket holders from Pinellas for more than a dozen years. When the kids were at home they also had tickets. Now that they're gone, we still have tickets for ourselves.
A year ago we attended a Sunday evening concert at the Tampa Bay Times Forum. We were stuck in a traffic jam that was literally 2 miles long trying to get to the Forum, and that was on a Sunday. Frankly, if the stadium were in Tampa, the Rays would see us no more than a couple of times a season. We are not interested in sitting in weekday rush-hour traffic in Tampa.
John Fischer, Palm Harbor
President urges: Let's get it done Feb. 13
No help for jobless
Young black men in America's inner cities already have unemployment rates nearing 50 percent, and so to "help" them President Barack Obama wants to raise the minimum wage.
Coupled with having to pay for Obamacare, this will give employers more reason than ever to refuse to hire, and those with the poorest job prospects will face even harder times.
Rolf Parta, Bradenton
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The first article in a landmark series to help health care workers and providers, donors, and decision makers understand the importance of including mental health care in global health programs is being published in this ...
Psychology & Psychiatry Apr 30, 2013 | not rated yet | 0
Belief in God may significantly improve the outcome of those receiving short-term treatment for psychiatric illness, according to a recent study conducted by McLean Hospital investigators.
Psychology & Psychiatry Apr 25, 2013 | 3 / 5 (2) | 20
An analysis of more than 33,000 cases of foodborne illness shows that ground beef and chicken have caused more hospitalizations than other meats.
Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes Apr 23, 2013 | 5 / 5 (1) | 0
(Medical Xpress)—Young people seeking help who are at high risk of developing psychosis could significantly reduce their chances of going on to develop a full-blown psychotic illness by getting early access to cognitive ...
Psychology & Psychiatry Apr 19, 2013 | 5 / 5 (2) | 0
(Medical Xpress)—Researchers at the University of Adelaide say treatment for people affected by video game "addiction" would be improved if a standard definition of the problem were adopted by psychologists.
Psychology & Psychiatry Apr 19, 2013 | not rated yet | 0
(AP)—Health officials are seeing more food poisonings caused by a bacteria commonly linked to raw milk and poultry.
Health Apr 18, 2013 | not rated yet | 1
A common test that records the heart's electrical activity could predict potentially serious cardiovascular illness, according to a UC San Francisco-led study.
Cardiology Apr 16, 2013 | 5 / 5 (1) | 0 |
Researchers may have found a way to block kidney-destroying inflammation and help damaged kidney cells recover.
Medical research Apr 16, 2013 | 4.6 / 5 (5) | 3 |
(AP)—The Food and Drug Administration says it has uncovered troubling sterility problems at 30 specialty pharmacies that were inspected following a recent outbreak of meningitis caused by contaminated drugs.
Health Apr 12, 2013 | not rated yet | 0
US public health experts said developing a vaccine for the H7N9 strain of bird flu could take "many months", as China seeks to control an outbreak which had killed 11 people by Friday.
Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes Apr 12, 2013 | not rated yet | 0
(HealthDay)—The death from chickenpox of an otherwise healthy 15-year-old Ohio girl should remind parents of the importance of vaccination against the disease, U.S. health officials reported Thursday.
Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes Apr 11, 2013 | not rated yet | 0
An international study found that despite widespread acceptance that mental illness is a disease that can be effectively treated, a common "backbone" of prejudice exists that unfairly paints people with conditions such as ...
Psychology & Psychiatry Apr 11, 2013 | not rated yet | 0
Researchers discovered that healthy people and those with borderline personality disorder displayed different patterns of behavior while playing an online strategy game, so much so that when healthy players ...
Psychology & Psychiatry Apr 09, 2013 | 4.3 / 5 (7) | 0 |
In South Africa, people with HIV who start treatment with anti-AIDS drugs (antiretroviral therapy) have life expectancies around 80% of that of the general population provided that they start treatment before their CD4 count ...
HIV & AIDS Apr 09, 2013 | 2 / 5 (1) | 0
A new study published in the May issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine finds that Google searches for information across all major mental illnesses and problems followed seasonal patterns, suggesting mental ...
Psychology & Psychiatry Apr 09, 2013 | 5 / 5 (1) | 0
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Friday, November 2, 2012
SAN ANTONIO – San Antonio’s firefighters union is calling for an outside investigation of the San Antonio Fire Department’s $19 million computer automated dispatch system.
It’s the way crews are sent to emergencies and also how they talk to each other while responding in the field.
The fire department says part of the system is housed inside a room at the Bexar County Sheriff’s Office, and that room overheated Tuesday night, causing the radio communications to crash and stop talking to the tower.
Assistant Chief Vance Meade says calls came into 911 like normal and those calls were dispatched like normal.
He says what wasn’t normal was that radio system.
"There was a point in time when we actually could do no transmissions at all,” Assistant Chief Meade says. “There were other times when they were intermittent here and there."
He says the problems started sometime after 9 p.m. Tuesday night and lasted several hours.
"We had to switch our radios to a different mode,” Assistant Chief Meade says.
He says that’s one of the backups. But the San Antonio Professional Firefighters Association says the backup just didn’t work.
"And this was just something that overheated?” association president Chris Steele says. “Can you imagine if it was real, if it was serious, if there was a storm like what's unfortunately going on in the northeast? We should be ready for all those things."
He says fire crews couldn’t talk to each other so they didn’t know if other crews had arrived to emergencies, how big those emergencies were, and in one case, where it even was.
"I had paramedics going to an EMS call at Randolph and I-35. Well, if anybody knows, Randolph and I-35 can be two areas,” Steele says.
The fire department says to make sure the equipment doesn’t overheat again, the room temperature for the sheriff’s office will now be monitored 24/7.
But the union’s complained about this system for years and wants the city council and the mayor to make some major changes.
The San Antonio Police Department operates on a different tower system, so a police spokesman says the only change made was sending two officers to every call instead of one.
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Matins Gospel Reading
The Gospel of Matthew 2:13-23
When the wise men departed, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream and said, "Rise, take the child and his mother, and flee to Egypt, and remain there till I tell you; for Herod is about to search for the child, to destroy him." And he rose and took the child and his mother by night, and departed to Egypt, and remained there until the death of Herod. This was to fulfill what the Lord had spoken by the prophet, "Out of Egypt have I called my son."
Then Herod, when he saw that he had been tricked by the wise men, was in a furious rage, and he sent and killed all the male children in Bethlehem and in all that region who were two years old or under, according to the time which he had ascertained from the wise men. Then was fulfilled what was spoken by the prophet Jeremiah: "A voice was heard in Ramah, wailing and loud lamentation, Rachel weeping for her children; she refused to be consoled, because they were no more." But when Herod died, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared in a dream to Joseph in Egypt, saying, "Rise, take the child and his mother, and go to the land of Israel, for those who sought the child's life are dead." And he rose and took the child and his mother, and went to the land of Israel. But when he heard that Archelaos reigned over Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there, and being warned in a dream he withdrew to the district of Galilee. And he went and dwelt in a city called Nazareth, that what was spoken by the prophets might be fulfilled, "He shall be called a Nazarene."
Daily Readings via Email
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The English Gospel text used is based on the Revised Standard Version from "The Holy and Sacred Gospel" by Holy Cross Press, Brookline, MA.
The Revised Standard Version of the Bible is copyrighted 1946, 1952, 1971, and 1973 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. and used by permission.
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The Justice Department is awarding more than $11 million to address 15 areas with significant amounts of crime, DOJ recently announced. The awards were administered through the department’s new Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation program, part of the Obama Administration’s Neighborhood Revitalization Initiative.
“While overall crime rates have continued to decline nationwide, some neighborhoods have experienced troubling increases in specific types of criminal activity which is why the Department and our partners are providing additional resources to communities that need them the most,” Attorney General Holder said. “With today’s announcement, we reaffirm our commitment to relying on comprehensive, data-driven approaches for ensuring public safety – and investing in innovative strategies for protecting the American people from crime.”
The innovation project’s awards will help the recipient communities better target crime-related issues through training and technical assistance, DOJ said.
“Community safety plays a vital role in neighborhood revitalization,” said OJP Acting Assistant Attorney General Mary Lou Leary. “These awards are targeting persistently distressed neighborhoods that require interconnected solutions in order to resolve their interconnected problems.”
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Sapphire Radeon X800GTO²
The best worst-kept secret in the graphics market right now?
Review Nvidia's GeForce 6800 GS chip is a respin of the 6800 GT. It's built on a 110nm process enabling it to offer higher clock speeds and, as such it has taken a lead over the cards based on ATI's X800 GTO. However, Sapphire is exclusively offering a part called the X800GTO². The 'squared' refers to the fact that this card's GPU has one 'quad' of pipelines that has been disabled, but that with a bit of jiggery-pockery from a BIOS flash and an overclocking tool, it can be turned from a 12-pipeline 400MHz card into a 540MHz 16-pipeline graphics card.
How so? This is because, unofficially at least, this card is to all intents and purposes an R480 - ie. an X850 XT. So why is ATI selling full-on X850 XT's as the lowly X800 GTO? Because X850 XTs were at one point very expensive to make, but as its manufacturing process matured costs came down, ATI is able to offer a much cheaper card by producing a full working R480 core and then disabling a pipeline quad. However, by thinly disguising the fact that it can be modded, ATI is able to generate buzz and a lot of mid-range sales, all pretty good for the bottom line. So while it says X800 GTO on the box, Sapphire might as well have written it in crayon over the X850 XT sticker. That said, there's no official support and BIOS flashing will void the warranty.
This means that instructions on how to modify the card aren't included in the box, but you can find them easily using a web search engine. The process should be trouble free, but I did run into problems. Once flashed, the card refused to generate a picture on our test system and it turned out that there was a rare incompatibility with our motherboard. After switching to another motherboard, the card booted fine and had successfully been upgraded 16 pipelines.
The card is a fairly regular looking thing. The heatsink spears to be copper rather than aluminium, to take care of the extra heat from the expected overclock. There's a power connector on the back, which is definitely necessary.
Once I'd flashed the card, I installed the popular ATI Tool utility to enable me to overclock the card. To see if the card lived up to the hype and being an impatient type, I didn't bother being cautious. I pushed the core and memory all the way up to X850 XT PE speeds - 540MHz for the core and 590MHz for the memory - and set it off to run. It did so without fuss for the entire run of benchmarks without image quality being affected. Again, there's no guarantee that this will be the case for every card. The cooler is also not as big as the one on the standard X850 XT PE, so good air-flow in your PC case is essential.
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In a recent news release WWF Canada selected the top five game changers that point the direction for a cleaner, greener Canada.
Guess which came in 1st place …… Ontario’s Green Energy Act. That’s no surprise to us, but some people don’t understand the importance of the North American leadership position that Ontario is taking to transition to a cleaner greener future. Spear the Word and Stand Up for Solar!
Here’s the WWF’s top 5:
1. Ontario’s Green Energy Act:
Ontario’s Green Energy Act was introduced in 2009, a comprehensive policy aimed at energy conservation, expanding renewable energy creation and building a green energy industry in the province. This policy, coupled with the ongoing coal phase out in Ontario, was the single biggest action taken to reduce North American emissions in the past five years.
2. Electric cars in the hands of Canadians:
The introduction of electric vehicles to the Canadian marketplace, backed by provincial support, will help encourage Canadians to purchase cleaner car technology. So far, Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia have introduced rebate programs for electric vehicles. Quebec’s is the most generous, with $50M earmarked for the program over the next few years. To help residents transition to the new technology, municipalities - including Vancouver, Montreal and Quebec City – are implementing public charging networks. While there are still strides to be made in developing the infrastructure to support these vehicles, they represent a radical shift away from fossil-fuel cars, and are one part of a shift to sustainable transportation.
3. British Columbia and Quebec put a price on carbon:
In 2008, British Columbia introduced a carbon tax, a landmark decision that saw the province apply the tax to all fossil fuels, including gasoline, diesel, coal, natural gas, propane and home heating fuel. To- date, the tax has resulted in a 3 per cent reduction in BC’s gasoline consumption. Quebec has also taken leadership on carbon, having adopted cap and trade system for greenhouse gas emissions to begin by 2013.
4. Investment in renewable energy overtakes fossil fuels:
2011 marked a major global milestone for renewable energy – for the first time, investment in renewable energy sources was higher than investment in fossil fuels. Savvy investors have realized that the next big opportunity is in renewable energy, not in oil, coal or gas. In Canada alone, new financial investment in renewable energy rose 47% in a single year, from 2009 to 2010.
5. 50% of the Canadian population now lives in a city or town that has a climate action plan:
Municipalities across Canada are leading the way in commitments to cut emissions and take action on climate change. Vancouver has boldly pledged to be the greenest city in the world by 2020. Canadians can feel proud that half of us live in a place where our local governments are showing real leadership by measuring their greenhouse gas emissions, setting targets for cutting these emissions and committing to hard-hitting action plans that will deliver results on climate change.
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Being thankful to Allah means not only expressing inner gratitude to Him for all sorts of favors granted, but to put those favors to use in a way that Allah approves.
Besides conveying gratitude by words and heart, it is important to express it by deeds. Using a particular blessing for the cause of Allah (for the purpose of earning His good pleasure) would fulfill this obligation. A person fails to give due thanks to Allah unless he uses his possessions, wealth, status, intelligence or health for the cause of Allah.
In fact, gratitude to Allah is an act of worship to which Allah repeatedly draws attention in the Qur'an, and believers pay meticulous attention to it. The following are injunctions related to gratitude:
No! Worship Allah and be among the thankful. (Surat az-Zumar; 66)
So eat from what Allah has provided for you, lawful and good, and be thankful for the blessing of Allah if it is Him you worship. (Surat an-Nahl; 114)
Giving due thanks to Allah earns for a person Allah's love and good pleasure, drawing one nearer to Him. Because a person does not attribute his ability to worldly causes, he knows deep inside that he owes everything to Allah alone and thus avoids ascribing any associates to Him. This way, he attains spiritual benefits which are far better than any material gain, and praises Allah for every blessing.
All favors in this world are a means by which Allah puts man to the test. In the Qur'an, Allah reveals this important fact in the words of Prophet Solomon (as):
He who possessed knowledge of the Book said, ‘I will bring it to you before your glance returns to you.' And when he saw it standing firmly in his presence, he said, ‘This is part of my Lord's favor to test me to see if I will give thanks or show ingratitude. Whoever gives thanks only does so to his own gain. Whoever is ungrateful, my Lord is Rich Beyond Need, Generous.' (Surat an-Naml; 40)
It is understood from the words of Prophet Solomon (as) that the ability to give thanks to Allah is in itself a great favor granted by Him, for one cannot thank Allah unless He wills; and gratitude is inspired by Him. The prayer related to gratitude of Prophet Solomon (as) is related thus:
He [Solomon] smiled, laughing at its words, and said, ‘My Lord, keep me thankful for the blessing You have bestowed on me and on my parents, and keep me acting rightly, pleasing You, and admit me, by Your mercy, among Your servants who are righteous.' (Surat an-Naml; 19)
Being thankful, like having faith and doing good deeds, is by Allah's leave.
A person of conscience recognizes that all the blessings by which he is surrounded would not exist and that he could never attain them unless Allah willed. His body, intelligence, wisdom, feeling, health, strength—in fact, all the favors he thinks he possesses on his own are actually blessings granted by Him.
Giving thanks to Allah is not merely saying, "Al-hamdulillah" at certain times, as when one has completed a task, eats a fine supper, or survives an ordeal unhurt. Gratitude is a state one experiences deep in his heart because he can never account for all the favors he enjoys, even the obvious ones:
If you tried to number Allah's blessings, you could never count them. Allah is Ever-Forgiving, Most Merciful. (Surat an-Nahl; 18)
Heedless ingratitude is a serious trap devised by Satan. Indeed, it is a main ambition of his to hinder man from giving thanks. Allah relates the plot of Satan:
He said, ‘By Your misguidance of me, I will lie in ambush for them on your straight path. Then I will come at them, from in front of them and behind them, from their right and from their left. You will not find most of them thankful.' (Surat al-A'raf; 16-17)
As the Qur'an makes clear, the efforts of Satan concentrate around this goal: keeping man from giving thanks to Allah. And his plan has indeed proven successful on many:
... Allah shows favor to mankind but most of them are not thankful. (Surah Yunus; 60)
That satan expresses his explicit will to approach man from this angle reveals the importance of gratitude to Allah as an aspect of worship. No doubt, abandoning it is sinful in the Sight of Allah:
And when your Lord announced: ‘If you are grateful, I will certainly give you increase, but if you are ungrateful, My punishment is severe.' (Surah Ibrahim; 7)2009-02-26 03:53:00
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Hainkel home tussle illustrates populism staying power
Like metastasized cancer, the legacy of populism infects the Louisiana body politic in so many ways, making it difficult for the Gov. Bobby Jindal Administration and reformers to eradicate the disease so interwoven into not just the state’s political culture, but culture in general, as the struggle for the state to exit substantially the nursing home business demonstrates.
The state should bear no obligation to continue operating under an inferior deal and one that may not provide the most appropriate level of care to vulnerable citizens, and it has the right to close deficient operators. But the populist disease makes those enjoying the largesse of government fight such measures because it’s more about them enjoying privilege than it is about the actual clients themselves. And this controversy reminds just how difficult it will be to excise populism from Louisiana body politic.
Only a few years ago, for the developmentally disabled the state ran several large residential facilities located in various part of the state to warehouse these citizens, paying much more per client than comparable nongovernment providers. Since then, during Jindal’s terms most of these places have been turned into non-residential resources centers, with just one continuing to operate on behalf of clients with the direst of situations of developmental disability. The remainder of former residents either has been placed with nongovernment providers or made the transition to home- and community-based settings.
Yet another outlier exists, because of the political history of the John J. Hainkel, Jr., Home and Rehabilitation Center, or the “Hainkel home.” In 2009, the state wanted to privatize or sell the state-owned facility, as by regulation state operation inflated costs that made the partially-full facility a risky proposition for taxpayers going forward. But the state representative in whose district the place sits, Neil Abramson, successfully sabotaged those efforts.
Next year, Abramson allowed a deal to go into law for leasing, but on terms which included the inflated reimbursement rate and continuous operation of the facility for as long as it had the ability to do so as a nursing home. The state managed to get a deal with the provider named in the bill for a measly $400,000 a year in rent; undoubtedly, it could do much better for the citizenry by disposing of the property or leasing it for some alternative use.
For the fact is, the place is underutilized in an area and state where there continues to be a surplus of nursing home beds, statewide running into the thousands. Further, it has slipped in quality ratings, in part because the state has performed a number of inspections in the past year that found deficiencies. This alone potentially could enable the state to terminate the lease, which would be necessary to halt its operation in order for the property not to have this kind of facility, depending upon the interpretation of the law, as it implies that the property must be operated at a “five star quality” rating (presumably, but not stated in the law, as the “overall” rating).
Instead, the Jindal Administration appears to want to close the facility in its present form through the more sure means of licensing, based upon the deficiencies noted. This has led to accusations of selective enforcement; regardless of whether given the presence of sufficient violations their presence still gives the state the right to revoke the license, but also has resulted in a federal court injunction to make sure the state follows all procedures to the letter before any final decision is made.
However, there is nothing procedurally that can stop the state eventually from yanking the license, so opponents of the move, through a campaign of misinformation, are trying to sway public opinion as a last ditch effort to halt it. Some of it relies upon not telling the whole story, such as the facts that plenty of space exists with other local nongovernment providers, that the home itself is running at only 60 percent capacity, and that it gets that favorable reimbursement rate needlessly costing taxpayers extra.
But some of it is outright falsehoods. The shill that got the injunction claims “no one else wants” these patients, echoed by the author of the news story sympathetic to keeping the place open stating the clients would have “nowhere to go in the city.” Yet the story also presents the tinfoil-hat-wearing claim that the state’s ambition in closure is to shuffle the patients to the only remaining state-owned aging and adult services center Villa Feliciana and collect for itself the (lower) Medicaid reimbursement rate. If so, then how these patients be those “no one else wants” if, according to this black-helicopter-circling scenario, the state wants them badly enough to find a way out of an unfavorable deal?
In reality, few of the Hainkel home patients, if any, probably would end up in the Jackson state home. If area nongovernment providers did not take them – even if the Medicaid reimbursement rates aren’t great at $155 daily (note that this has increased by over a quarter since 2009), Louisiana has providers willing to take them as the typical nursing home in the state derives more than 80 percent of their business from Medicaid with one of the nation’s lowest occupancy rates – likely a number could take advantage of Medicaid waiver programs such as Community Choice so they would not have to live in an institutional setting. Not only does this option provide a healthier environment for many, it also saves taxpayer dollars.
The same shill also whines about how about 135 direct jobs would be “lost,” equating the attempt to save taxpayer dollars with no reduction in the quality of service as “state government at war with its own citizens and trying to create more unemployment” – unapologetically voicing the antediluvian belief that it is a necessary function of government to provide direct citizen employment using its own contract dollars. Would these employees bear the mark of Cain that prevents any other provider from hiring them? Or perhaps some were already superfluous?
Posted by Jeff Sadow at 11:45
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Jupiter Moon Io's Volcanoes Revealed in New Map
Thermal emission from erupting volcanoes on the Jupiter's moon Io. A logarithmic scale is used to classify volcanoes on the basis of thermal emission; the larger the spot, the larger the thermal emission.
CREDIT: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Bear Fight Institute
A new map of Jupiter's oddly active moon Io has revealed the location of the moon's many erupting volcanoes, raising as many questions about the enigmatic satellite as it answers.
The map is the most comprehensive ever compiled of Io's hundreds of active volcanoes, researchers said. It also suggests a complex, multi-layer source for the moon's huge stores of internal thermal energy, which may come as a surprise to some astronomers.
"The fascinating thing about the distribution of the heat flow is that it is not in keeping with the current preferred model of tidal heating of Io at relatively shallow depths," co-author Ashley Davies, of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., said in a statement. "Instead, the main thermal emission occurs about 40 degrees eastward of its expected positions."
The heat is also coming from Io's depths along with its shallower reaches, researchers said.
Further, the study found that known active volcanoes account for only about 60 percent of Io's emitted heat. The source of the "missing" 40 percent is a mystery for now. [Gallery: Amazing Photos of Io]
"We are investigating the possibility that there are many smaller volcanoes that are hard, but not impossible, to detect," said study leader Glenn Veeder, of the Bear Fight Institute in Winthrop, Wash. "We are now puzzling over the observed pattern of heat flow."
Io, which is about 2,260 miles (3,640 kilometers) wide, was discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610. It's the innermost of Jupiter's four largest moons and is tugged on hard by the huge planet, as well as its sister satellites Europa and Ganymede. These varied gravitational pulls cause massive flexing of Io's surface and interior, generating tremendous heat that is relieved via volcanism.
That volcanism is frequent and intense, resulting in a surface unlike any other in the solar system. Most of Io's volcanic eruptions, for example, dwarf those we're familiar with here on Earth, and the Jovian moon is about 25 times more volcanically active than our own planet.
A better understanding of Io and its internal heating processes may shed light on the moon's sister satellites, researchers said. One of them is Europa, which is thought to have a huge liquid-water ocean under its icy shell. Many planetary scientists regard Europa as the solar system's best bet for harboring life beyond Earth.
The new study primarily analyzed data collected by NASA's Voyager and Galileo spacecraft but also looked at observations from several different telescopes on Earth, researchers said. It appears in the June issue of the journal Icarus.
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