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Nation on cusp of a crisis
This country is fast approaching crunch time.
Just lend an ear to some of the words being tossed around by the country’s business and political leaders.
Canadian oil is not getting to export markets, creating what is being described as the country’s “biggest challenge” in decades. It has been deemed a “crisis” in Alberta and is causing “concern” in Ottawa, where Finance Minister Jim Flaherty has chosen rather cooler language.
A reversal of the flow of oil is sought as a means to turn around an “apocalyptic” economic situation in New Brunswick and every environmental syllable uttered by Barack Obama is fiercely parsed here for clues to the future of our southern export market.
Something has to give, because there is simply too much at stake.
Canada’s inability to move its most lucrative export at world price, according to a CIBC analysis cited in a new report by the Canadian Chamber of Commerce, cost our economy an estimated $19 billion last year, more than $50 million per day. Another analysis broke it down further, putting the cost to each Canadian at $1,200 per year.
But how to unlock this pipeline gridlock?
First, Ottawa has to convince First Nations and environmentalists that it is paying more than just lip service to their legitimate concerns. It must also convince its potential customers of the same.
Then, and only then, it can move the oil.
But west, south or east?
Here’s some handicapping on how — or if — our resource riches will get to key export markets.
West: It is likely too late to save the largest westward route, the $6.5-billion Enbridge pipeline from the Alberta oilsands to the British Columbia coast. It is opposed by a powerful environmental movement, most of the First Nations in the province, conditionally by the Liberal government of B.C. and unconditionally by New Democrats, who may take power in about eight weeks.
The National Energy Board has until the end of the year to pronounce on the pipeline proposal and Prime Minister Stephen Harper could forge ahead regardless, but the political price would be too high. This proposal appears dead.
South: The future of the Keystone XL pipeline rests with Obama, but an expected pro forma approval has been thrown into question because of the U.S. president’s sudden concern with climate change.
An initial meeting between new Secretary of State John Kerry and his Canadian counterpart, John Baird, appeared somewhat cool, heaping further anxiety into the mix. Last weekend, thousands rallied in Washington to oppose the pipeline.
Most still expect Keystone to finally get the Obama nod, probably by early summer, couched by the administration as needed energy security and likely as part of a package that includes a number of clean energy initiatives.
But an increase in U.S. supply and the growth of fracking makes Alberta bitumen less crucial, and Ottawa is aware that a preoccupation with a southern market is a losing proposition.
Keystone XL is still important, but it is no solution.
East: It appears time to get bullish on the option of a pipeline from Alberta to Saint John, N.B., where it can head to market.
It has the support of Jim Prentice, a former Conservative cabinet minister and a possible one-day leader of the party. It is backed by Frank McKenna, a former New Brunswick premier and Canadian ambassador to the U.S. and a man who could have been federal Liberal leader. It has the OK of federal Opposition Leader Tom Mulcair, with his usual environmental caveats. It has the support of the federal government.
McKenna says the proposal has near unanimous backing in New Brunswick because his home is “facing unprecedented challenges to our survivability as a province.”
The advantages are clear — it provides a means for Alberta crude to get to an export market, it weans the Maritimes off more expensive imported crude and it creates much-needed jobs in Quebec and New Brunswick, at least 5,700 of them in the immediate term, says McKenna.
The wild card remains Quebec Premier Pauline Marois. She has met with Alberta Premier Alison Redford on the proposal, and Redford says she does not believe Marois would block the pipeline. Marois this week meets with her New Brunswick counterpart, David Alward.
The need to move Alberta oil, in an environmentally responsible manner, is not an Alberta issue. Nor is it a British Columbia issue or a New Brunswick issue, but a Canadian issue that should engage Ontarians as deeply as Albertans.
It is ironic that the final piece of this national puzzle could rest with a sovereigntist premier in Quebec.
Tim Harper is a syndicated Toronto Star national affairs writer. He can be reached at email@example.com.
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We all have to interact with people we don’t get along with at some point in our lives. Sometimes, those people are so emotionally intense, anxious, and self-absorbed that the only word that accurately describes their nature is “uptight.” In her latest publication, Uptight and In Your Face: Coping with an Anxious Boss, Parent, Spouse, or Lover, Nina W. Brown offers practical advice on how to identify, classify, and cope with the uptight people we interact with on a day-to-day basis.
Uptight and In Your Face begins with defining the term “uptight.” Although the definition given in the dictionary is often sufficient to get an understanding of a person’s nature, the author expands the given definition to paint a better portrait of the uptight person. An assessment is provided to determine just how uptight a given person is.
The remainder of the book focuses on classifying uptight people. Five classifications are given, although the author notes that an uptight person may fit in to one, two, or even all of the categories. Each chapter provides another assessment to determine the level of intensity, anxiety, or self-absorption that is characteristic of that type of uptight person.
The chapters close with a few do’s and don’ts for coping with a person who fits into that specific category. The book’s closing chapter discusses methods of how to cope with uptight people as they are identified and classified, and provides exercises to reduce your own level of stress, anxiety, intensity, and self-absorption.
The five classifications of uptight people, as outlined by Brown, are:
- The Impoverished-self Hoarder Type
- The Austere Withholding Type
- The Indulgent and Entitled Type
- The Controlling and Manipulative Type
- The Revengeful Complainer Type
Each type has its own characteristics which, in some instances, create chaos and discord within that person’s internal landscape. The Impoverished-Self-Hoarder type, for example, holds on to all of his or her past emotions—both positive and negative—and then uses those memories and experiences as an excuse for treating others poorly. A person who fits into the Austere Withholding type keeps information or other resources from others in an attempt to maintain an advantage—such as not spending more money than they feel is necessary because they fear that an excess of money is essential for survival. The Indulgent and Entitled type of person believes that he or she is the most important person on the planet and therefore deserves special treatment; I often think of the spoiled, rich kids of the television reality shows and sitcoms such as The Real World or Beverly Hills: 90210. The Controlling and Manipulative type exploits others’ naïveté or weaknesses for their own gain—I am reminded of cult leaders and other, often abusive, relationships. A person who fits the description of the Revengeful Complainer often feels as if everyone and everything is against him or her, often more than the stereotypical adolescent.
Of the methods suggested for coping with an uptight person, one in particular stands out as especially effective. Essentially, the method suggests that you leave the situation, the uptight person leave the situation, or you do what the uptight person asks you to do without question. If it is impossible for you to leave the situation, and the uptight person shows no signs of wanting to leave the situation, appeasing the uptight person is the best option; attempting to argue with or change the uptight person will only backfire and make the situation worse. Keeping your own stress level under control is important when you are appeasing an uptight person. The author includes several exercises for controlling your stress.
Overall, I feel that the book offers good information and strategies for developing your own coping plan. Dealing with uptight people can be frustrating, and although we may not want to admit that the only way to get them to leave us alone is to do what they want us to do, the author makes it clear that there is often no other effective choice. Is Uptight and In Your Face effective? Yes. I recommend this book to anyone who doesn’t feel they understand why uptight people are the way they are or feel trapped in a situation where they must deal with an uptight person. Just remember: in most cases, you have the option to leave and not have to deal with the uptight person anymore; however, if that person is a significant part of your life—such as a boss, parent, spouse, lover, etc.—you may have no choice but to let nature take its course and do what he or she wants. It’s not always fair, but it will definitely save you a bunch of headaches.
Psych Central's Recommendation: Worth Your Time! +++Your Recommendation (if you've read this book):
Want to buy the book or learn more?
Tyzzer, G. (2010). Uptight and In Your Face: Coping with an Anxious Boss, Parent, Spouse, or Lover. Psych Central. Retrieved on May 22, 2013, from http://psychcentral.com/lib/2010/uptight-and-in-your-face-coping-with-an-anxious-boss-parent-spouse-or-lover/
Last reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 30 Jan 2013
Published on PsychCentral.com. All rights reserved.
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|Photo-realism is difficult enough to achieve with oil paints and acrylics. Veteran artist John Baeder, with a precise hand and subtle shading, achieves photographic realism with watercolor. In Baeder's hands, it's a stunning visual feat. He first photographs the subjects that interest him and then paints them with a delicate control that is arresting.
Baeder has a definite take on the subject matter that moves him. In this case it's L.A. Taco Trucks, which is the title of the exhibit. Taco trucks, and other traveling food service vehicles (hot dog, hamburger, ice cream, catering, so forth) have always enamored me," writes Baeder. "On a very basic level, they represent the old horse drawn lunch wagon that roamed the streets." Baeder points out that the horse drawn lunch wagon grew larger and evolved into the dining cars which were eventually known as "diners."
For thirty years Baeder painted old diners. These watercolor paintings of diners were collected in a book, Diners, published by Abrams in 1978 and reissued in expanded form in 1996. For the last 13 years Baeder has been taking photographs of taco trucks on his visits to Los Angeles. "Latino culture, with it's passionate breadth and all its colorful expression, is joyfully applied to their individual trucks--some with subtle markings, others with exuberant paintings and lettering applications," says Baeder, who finds this a particular form of folk art.
Baeder's watercolors of taco trucks are infested with detail. Judging from the light, it always seems to be high noon or lunchtime, though usually no people are present. The idiosyncratically festooned taco trucks inhabit the impersonal urban environments like anomalous creatures that took a wrong turn. Harsh light from the sun overhead transfixes the trucks for our examination, their shadows huddling beneath them. The very absence of people in these images lends an implicitly human dimension to the taco trucks themselves.
|So precise is Baeder's hand that even the wear and tear on the truck is evident in the painting titled Chinese Marisco. A worn cardboard box leaning against the truck on the ground serves as a makeshift trash bin. A battered pink and white truck in the painting Ice Cream Tarde is seen before a shuttered International Toy Mart, the monolithic architectural structure gradually rising high into the air with steel beams looming. The loopy ice cream truck humanizes the industrial environment.
There are a couple of faceless inhabitants dimly shown inside a crudely painted truck in the watercolor Green Van with Mamacita. The green van appears to be double-parked in front of a playground in the background circumscribed by a chain link fence, but no children are evident. In 9th Street Sea Food a large chromium-sided taco truck seems to be conversing with a bronze colored van in front of the downtown urban landscape set in a cloudless sky.
Another effect the blazing noontide light has in Baeder's watercolors is to arrest their subjects in historical time for our clinical examination. This is quite fitting for visual documents such as Baeder's which capture an evanescent social culture. The artist has become an archeologist and he declares as much as he roams the streets of Los Angeles.
"I save these vehicles through the painting medium," says Baeder, "as I have done with literally hundreds of diners." He characterizes the taco truck as "an indigenous addition" to the urban landscape of Los Angeles. His paintings indeed capture the transient cultural moment for posterity.
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Mathematics and Individualism
The Ten O'Clock Scholar is applying transfinite mathematics to morality:
The Needs of the One outweigh the Needs of the Many, if human life is considered extraordinarly precious and valuable, in a counter-intuitive result!This can be taken even further. If each human being is a Proper Class, then it's an error to regard a human being as a member of a set. That means any kind of collectivism becomes impossible.
It's those who place some finite value on human life, that thus fall naturally into pure utilitarian calculations -- and this leads them to deeply anti-human results. Because if then something is Good for the Collective, then 49% percent of the people can be massacred with impunity by this philosophy!
And of course, that's exactly what happens.
But when a special sanctity is placed on human life, giving it essentially infinite value, then by the Cantorian arithmetic of infinities, losing a single life is an equally horrific tragedy as 100, both of infinite loss!
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New strain of norovirus reaches NC; 7 confirmed cases
RALEIGH, N.C. — Seven outbreaks of norovirus have reportedly been confirmed across North Carolina so far this year.
According to the Raleigh News & Observer, state health officials are working to prevent further outbreaks of a new strain of the intestinal disease — a group of viruses capable of causing severe diarrhea, vomiting and stomach pain.
“Most of our outbreaks are in old folks’ homes,” Dr. Zack Moore, a state medical epidemiologist, told the paper. “We’ve unfortunately had quite a bit of experience in stopping it in those settings.”
Health officials in Guilford, Davidson, Alamance, Forsyth, Rockingham and Stokes counties tell FOX8′s Carter Coyle they have not received any reports of outbreaks in their respective counties.
This season’s new strain has been dubbed Sydney 2012 because officials believe it originated in Australia, a UNC-Chapel Hill professor of epidemiology tells the News & Observer.
The viruses are most common during the winter. A new strain typically emerges every few years.
While alcohol-based hand sanitizers do not kill the virus, Moore says carefully washing hands — especially after using the bathroom — is the best way to refrain from becoming sick.
Read more: NewsObserver.com
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Diaphragm Gas Flow Meters
The most commonly used type of gas flow meter is the diaphragm or bellow meter. The meter uses a set of diaphragms which move along an axis in a horizontal or vertical orientation.
Gas flows into this chamber, and then back out again. Each time it moves, the diaphragms part. When the diaphragms move, a system of gears is set in motion, which operates a counter. Each time the diaphragms expand and contract, a number is rotated on the counter.
In this way, a gas company can see how much gas a home or business is using.
Rotary Gas Flow Meter
The rotary gas flow meter makes use of propellers to transfer gas. These propellers spin opposite one another. With each rotation, a specific amount of gas can be transfered. The propellers are connected to a shaft that is connected to a mechanical counting
mechanism. In most rotary flow meters, the counter translates each shaft rotation into a number corresponding to the amount of gas flow for each rotation. Typically, these meters are used on larger industrial applications where large volumes of gas are being transferred as in city gas pipelines.
Coriolis Gas Flow Meter
The Coriolis meter is a little more complex in nature. They take into account the Coriolis effect of gravitation pull and fluid or gas movement. Two parts of the meter vibrate together inside the pipe, and the rate of vibration corresponds to the overall density of the contents in the pipe. When gas flows, the density changes, and the Coriolis effect changes the vibration of one of the parts of the meter. This vibration difference is translated into a precise reading by electronic measuring devices inside the meter.
Ultrasonic Gas Meters
Another type of flow meter is the ultrasonic meter. It is used to determine the amount of gas flowing in large industrial applications. The meter does not have a mechanical turbine or diaphragm. It measures the speed of sound waves traveling through the pipe, from one point to another. The results are determined through advanced sonic measuring devices in the meter. Many of these meters use four separate sound waves to take an average density of gas in the pipe. Since sound travels at different speeds in different volumes of gas a reading can be generated to a high accuracy. These gas flow meters do require very advanced computations, so advanced computers are a part of the meter.
Thermal Mass Gas Meters
Another type of flow meter is the Thermal Mass meter. It is used to determine the amount of gas flowing in large industrial applications. The meter does not have a mechanical turbine or diaphragm. It measures on The Heat Transfer Principle, from one point to another. The results are determined through advanced devices in the meter. These gas flow meters do require very advanced computations, so advanced computers are a part of the meter.
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6 March 2013, Tokyo — The illegal wildlife trade brings in US$ billions per year while impeding international efforts to conserve rare and endangered plants and animals. The true extent of this growing plight, however, remains uncertain due to the lack of a universally implemented framework to monitor wildlife crime and its transboundary syndicates.
Despite international enforcement, tracking the illicit value chain of wildlife poachers, traffickers and consumers has been hindered by gaps in data sharing among agencies and countries. This poses a potential threat to the success of Multilateral Environment Agreements (MEAs), which depend upon accessible information flows among diverse parties including governments, international agencies, research institutions, local communities and industry.
Today, wildlife experts, enforcement officials and government representatives are meeting in Bangkok at a side event of the 16th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP16) to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The event — Bytes Beyond Borders: Strengthening Transboundary Information Sharing on Wildlife Crime through the Wildlife Enforcement Monitoring System (WEMS) Initiative — explores ways to tackle transboundary wildlife crime using advanced technology collaborations.
In 2005, recognizing the need to overcome the data divides in wildlife crime enforcement, the United Nations University (UNU) developed the prototype of a transboundary information-sharing platform. The Wildlife Enforcement Monitoring System (WEMS) responds to the need for a regional governance model to compile data on transboundary wildlife crime from national wildlife divisions and incorporate this information in policy decision-making processes.
The WEMS initiative has since grown into a robust research partnership between the UNU Institute of Advanced Studies (UNU-IAS), the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) at the University of Twente, the Lusaka Agreement Task Force for Co-operative Enforcement Operations Directed at Illegal Trade in Wild Fauna and Flora (LATF), and the Center for Geographic Analysis at Harvard University.
Stressing the potential of WEMS, Prof. Govindan Parayil, UNU Vice-Rector and UNU-IAS Director, asserted that “destruction of wildlife through illegal and criminal activities is a global issue that transcends national boundaries and has become a threat to national security, preservation of biodiversity and the livelihoods of millions of people. Combating illegal wildlife trade calls for collaboration and information sharing among governments, NGOs, research institutions and enforcement officials”.
At its core, WEMS is a Geographic Information System-based initiative that measures and analyses data to improve compliance monitoring for CITES. The technical infrastructure for WEMS, developed and hosted by UNU, is a secure web-based database where partner agencies can upload data. The WEMS initiative benefits from a foundation built upon interdisciplinary field research involving key stakeholders such as enforcement officials, computer scientists, policymakers and civil society.
Based on partner-government feedback, UNU redesigned the WEMS prototype in preparation for the regional pilot phase implemented from 2011–2012 in Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Congo-Brazzaville) through the Lusaka Agreement. This project enabled governments to effectively and easily share data on nearly 170 cases of wildlife crime extending beyond their borders, thus solidifying the potential of WEMS as a practical framework in enforcement of and compliance with transboundary MEAs.
ITC Rector Tom Veldkamp noted that this inclusive strategy has been crucial to the project’s success, emphasizing that “we cannot solve the challenges in transboundary information sharing on wildlife crime through a vertical approach alone, as the problem itself lies in different spatial and governance scales. Bridging the different agencies or actors also brings in divergent viewpoints, which are at times conflictive. The success of WEMS-Africa has proven that it has overcome these challenges”.
According to Bonaventure Ebayi, Director of the Lusaka Agreement Task Force, “information is the panacea for enhanced communication and collaboration. WEMS, as an effective information-sharing tool that facilitates early interventions and preventative measures, thereby safeguarding our much-treasured wildlife from illegal exploitation, and promotes good governance in wildlife conservation”.
Based on the positive outcome of WEMS in Africa, the ASEAN region is being considered for the project’s next focus. The CoP16 side event brings together experts from CITES, the United Nations Environment Programme, INTERPOL and enforcement officials from CITES member states to review current developments of WEMS-Africa and explore the potential of WEMS-ASEAN.
Underlining the prospects of the initiative in ASEAN, Manop Lauprasert, Senior Officer of the ASEAN Wildlife Enforcement Network’s Program Coordination Unit said that “the ASEAN region is rich in biodiversity and home to many endangered species of wild fauna and flora, which are constantly under threat of extinction caused by numerous factors which include their illegal exploitation and trade. Tackling this issue will require the use of new tools and technologies that can support and respond to the needs of ASEAN countries”.
UNU Vice-Rector Parayil affirmed UNU’s commitment to the project, saying, “I trust that the WEMS model used in Africa will help build the necessary capacity and offer the technological infrastructure to support ASEAN countries in fighting wildlife crime”.
By looking into the roles of potential actors partnering in such an ASEAN information-sharing platform, the CoP16 side event offers insights on present research models. It further enables regional and international experts to consider important questions surrounding the public accessibility of project data and how to promote long-term sustainability in various contexts and countries.
For more information about the WEMS Initiative, please visit: http://www.wems-initiative.org. Media representatives may also contact the following representatives:
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To print: Select File and then Print from your browser's menu
The AGE Factor
October 1, 2012
No, this week’s posting isn’t about growing old. Rather, it’s about yet another factor to consider when trying to eat healthfully. (I know, it seems like there’s always something to think about.) But the more you know about food and nutrition, the easier it can be to make healthier choices.
What Are AGEs?
AGEs are formed when sugars in food link up with protein or fat in the absence of water. This happens during cooking, particularly with methods that use very high heat or that do not use liquids, such as grilling or charbroiling. For example, let’s say you have the grill fired up, ready to cook up a few burgers or a piece of steak. And let’s also say that you like your meat on the well-done side (charbroiled, for instance). That burnt, crispy crust lends a savory flavor, but it’s not doing much good for your body.
Even making your morning toast or baking up a batch of golden chocolate chip cookies forms AGEs. And, unfortunately, AGEs make foods taste good, which means we tend to crave them even more.
What AGEs Do
While all of us would benefit from limiting our exposure to AGEs as much as possible, it’s perhaps more of an issue for people with diabetes. AGEs are more likely to form in the body when blood glucose levels are running high. In fact, AGEs can form simply from glucose in the blood, apart from any food that you eat. Studies have shown that AGEs are involved in the occurrence of diabetes complications, such as retinopathy (eye disease), neuropathy (nerve damage), and nephropathy (kidney damage). Also, AGEs are particularly linked to blood vessel damage, changing LDL (“bad”) cholesterol so that it’s more likely to be deposited within artery walls. AGEs are also more likely to cause stiffness in artery walls and that may lead to high blood pressure.
Where Else Are AGEs Found?
AGEs can also be found in tobacco smoke, by the way, which means stopping smoking (or better yet, never starting) is crucial.
Limiting AGE Exposure
• Work on keeping your blood glucose and A1C as close to your target as possible. (That goes for your LDL cholesterol and blood pressure, too.)
• Limit grilled, charbroiled, and fried foods. This doesn’t mean that you can’t enjoy a nice grilled piece of salmon, but perhaps not five times a week. Also, go easy on over-cooking grilled foods.
• Use moist cooking methods as much as possible, like poaching, stewing, and braising.
• Using a slow cooker is helpful, too.
• Go easy on your protein intake. Eating large servings of meat, especially red meat, means that the AGE level in your body will be higher. Poultry and seafood are generally better choices.
• Consider marinating your protein food before cooking. Doing so will lessen AGE formation.
• Eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain foods, as these are the lowest in AGEs.
• Limit processed foods (cookies, chips, sugared cereals, etc.).
•Try drinking green tea. Green tea appears to block AGE formation.
Disclaimer of Medical Advice:You understand that the blogs posts and comments to such blog posts (whether posted by us, our agents, bloggers, or by users) do not constitute medical advice or recommendation of any kind and you should not rely on any information contained on such posts or comments to replace consultations with your qualified health care professionals to meet your individual needs. The opinions and other information contained in the blog posts and comments do not reflect the opinions or positions of the Site Proprietor.
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First Year Residence Hall Information
The First Year Residence Halls are home to approximately 500 residents, most of whom are first year students. Each floor in the Residence Halls has a Resident Assistant (RA). Each RA is responsible for tending to the needs of her community and serving as a resource to the residents. There are computer labs and laundry facilities in each Residence Hall, and all rooms are carpeted. Please see the descriptions of each of the three halls by clicking on the links on the right. You can also find information related to the layout and room types in each hall.
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"The Otoe-Missouria Environmental Department was established to protect the environment and conserve natural resources within Tribal jurisdiction."The Otoe-Missouria Environmental Department (OMED) utilizes the Water Pollution Control Program (WPCP) to collect baseline data on surface water. This means OMED collects water samples, the water samples are tested for water quality and contaminants. The results of these tests are collected and compared to previous tests to look for any change in water quality. Further, OMED stores the information to compare to future results.
The OMED utilizes the General Assistance Program (GAP) to help build the capacity of the environmental department through training, education, and technical assistance.
Other Services the OMED provide include:
- Hunting/Fishing License Issuance
- GPS Mapping of Jurisdictional Landmarks, Cultural Sites, Illegal Dumpsites, and other Mapping as needed
- Establishing Codes for Regulation of Environmental Standards, Natural Resource Conservation, and Environmental Protection
The EPA is celebrating Earth Day this year by creating a compilation video of 10 second clips submitted by people from all over the country saying “It’s My Environment!†in many different languages. The Otoe-Missouria Environmental Department, the Otoe-Missouria Language Department, the Otoe-Missouria Youth Leadership Department and the Public Information Office created a 10 second clip featuring three Youth Leadership Students recycling. The clip will be included in the 2011 EPA Earth Day video. The sign reads and the students are saying “It’s My Environment!†in Otoe. The Otoe-Missouria Youth Leadership Students have assisted in recycling cans and bottles at many different events on campus including all four days of the Otoe-Missouria Summer Encampment.
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|HPS 0410||Einstein for Everyone||Spring 2012|
Back to main course page
1. Consider a wave packet used in de Broglie's theory to represent a particle. How is the particle's momentum affected if we make the spatial extent of the wave packet bigger or smaller? How does this difference relate to the "Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle"?
2. What is the difference between interpreting the uncertainty of Heisenberg's principle as ignorance as opposed to indeterminateness?
3. What is the "Schroedinger evolution" of a matter wave? What is "the collapse of the wavepacket"?
4. In the standard analysis of the Schroedinger cat thought experiment, what leads to the definite survival or definite death of the cat?
For discussion in the recitation.
A. Quantum theory is an indeterministic theory. That means that a complete specification of the present state of some atomic system does not fix its future. Here's how we apply this idea to radioactive decay. If you have a single atom of Neptunium NP 231 93, there is a one in two chance that it will decay over the next 53 minutes. According to standard quantum theory, that is all you can know. There is no way to know ahead of time whether the atom will decay. Do you really believe that? Might it be if we had a more complete picture of the compicated, hidden recesses of this atom that we'd see some tiny difference between those atoms that end up decaying and those that do not? Ought we expect some future theory of the insides of atoms to tell us about these sorts of hidden properties? Ought we to demand such a theory before we can say we really understand radioactive decay? Or should we comfortable with the idea that some processes just are indeterministic?
|B. To get a sense of how the Heisenberg uncertainty principle applies, consider the problem of balancing a pencil perfectly on its tip. Here is what is needed for success in the balancing operation: you have to align the center of mass of the pencil exactly over the pencil's tip; and, as you take your fingers off the pencil after doing this, you need to leave the pencil perfectly at rest. What does Heisenberg's uncertainty principle tell you about your chances of success?|
C. The "measurement problem" remains a lingering difficulty for quantum theory. Yet modern quantum theory remains an extremely successful theory of matter that has given us many fascinating insights into the nature of matter and makes many quantitative predictions that have been borne out by experience. How is this possible?
D. Consdier the Schroedinger cat thought experiment. According to the text book account of quantum measurement, immediately prior to our opening the box, the cat is in a 50-50 superposition of alive and dead states; when we open the box and look at the cat, we trigger a collapse into just one of those states. Most people find that instinctively implausible. However our instincts have mislead us often enough. We all felt instinctively that there is a universal fact over whether two events are simultaneous; or that the sum of the angles of a right angle has to be 180 degrees. Both proved to be false. Should we believe our instincts in this case? If so, why? If not, why not?
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http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/2012_Spring/assignments/14_quantum_th_problems/index.html
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Harmonic mixing consists of two elements: knowing the key of every song that you play and knowing which keys are compatible.
To help DJs learn harmonic mixing, Mark Davis created the Camelot wheel, a visual representation of which keys are compatible with each other based on the circle of fifths.
On the Camelot wheel, each key is assigned a keycode number from one to twelve, like hours around a clock.
For the first mix, we recommend mixing two songs that have the same keycode, like 8A and 8A. It will sound like a professional mash-up made in the studio, even if you are mixing on live DJ equipment.
Many professional DJs move around the Camelot wheel with every mix.
To select a compatible song, choose a keycode within one "hour" of your current keycode. If you are in 8A, you can play 7A, 8A or 9A next. If you are in 12A, you can play 11A, 12A or 1A. This mix will be smooth every time.
You can also mix between inner and outer wheels if you stay in the same "hour." For example, try mixing from 8A to 8B, and notice the change in melody as you go from Minor to Major.
Harmonic mixing is a simple technique, but it opens up a world of creativity. You will play creative DJ sets and discover interesting song combinations. It's easy to get started with any music genre.
You can also buy commercial software to give key data for your mp3's on your computer for this we recommend Mixed In Key.
Disclaimer: BPM & Key results shown here are not always 100% accurate (but they are not that far off) Please do not buy tracks based on the key or bpm from our results as we can not guarantee them to be correct, it is a guide only.
Mixed In Key LLC owns the full copyrights and trademarks for the Camelot system and all related assets. All rights reserved. Copyright (C) 2008. All Key and BPM information has been generated by Chemical Records' own software systems and Chemical Records owns the full copyrights for the information generated. All rights reserved. Copyright (C) 2008.
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|Shabbat Prayer: “Rav Lach Shevet”|
“Too long have you dwelled in the valley of weeping; He will shower compassion upon you (Lecha Dodi).” These words call upon us to rise from our “valley of weeping,” the valley of exile, and enter the Highest Place, the Beit Hamikdash. There is no room for weeping on Shabbat; it can only fully manifest itself in a world of joy, a world in which we are all rising, attempting to climb back into the Beit Hamikdash.
The Sefat Emet (Vayigash) teaches that, “when the midrash describes Jacob taking twelve stones, and they unify into a single stone on the future place of the Beit Hamikdash, it is an indication that the Beit Hamikdash derives its power from the unification of the Twelve Tribes of Israel. It therefore has twelve gates; one for each tribe. (“Zeh” ha’Shaar: the numerical value of Zeh is 12).
“However, there was a thirteenth gate in the Beit Hamikdash that represented the unification of the Twelve Tribes.
“This is why Joseph wept on Benjamin’s neck over the destruction of the Temple; just as the neck connects the head to the body; the Beit Hamikdash connects the Upper and Lower Worlds, symbolized by the ladder in Jacob’s dream.”
Machberes Avodas Hashem
That ladder is the way we “rise,” as summoned to do by these words: climb the ladder that connects the Upper and Lower Worlds, climb together as a unity, so that we create the Beit Hamikdash, even if not in its physical form.
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|
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|1914: The End of an Era (The New Republic, 1915)|
World War I had only been raging for six months when this article first appeared. As the journalist makes clear, one did not have to have an advanced degree in history to recognize that this war was unique; it involved almost every wealthy, industrialized European nation and their far-flung colonies; thousands of men were killed daily and many more thousands stepped forward to take their places. The writer recognized that this long anticipated war was an epic event and that, like the French Revolution, it would be seen by future generations as a marker which indicated that all changes began at that point:
"Those who were but a few months ago assuring us that there never could be another general war are most vociferously informing the same audience that this will be the last."
Click here to read about the W.W. I efforts of Prince Edward, the future Duke of Windsor.
A War Like No Other (Hearst's Sunday American, 1917)
An article by the admired British war correspondent Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett (1881 - 1931) concerning the unique aspects of the Great War which combined to make that the sort of war that had never been seen before:
"Everything has changed; uniforms, weapons, methods, tactics. Cavalry had been rendered obsolete by trenches, machine guns and modern artillery; untrained soldiers proved useless, special battalions were needed on both sides to fight this particular kind of war that, in no way, resembled the battles your father or grand-fathers had once fought."
A good read.
If you would like to see color photographs from World War One, click here.
Articles about trench warfare can be read here.
Trench Fighting (The New Republic, 1915)
This article was written by the war correspondent Gerald Morgan (1898 - 1975), who attempted to explain what W.W. I trench warfare was and how it differed from the trench battles that he witnessed during the 1905 Russo-Japaneses War:
"There is an illusion that the range and effectiveness of modern arms tend to keep armies far apart. On the contrary, there is more hand-to-hand fighting today than at any time since gunpowder was invented... at this rate the French will not drive out the Germans in months, but on the other hand a frontal attack, and every attack must now be frontal, even if successful would cost several hundred thousand men."
Click here to read about the foreign-born soldiers who served in the American Army of the First World War.
America Commits Itself to the War (Literary Digest, 1928)
In writing a piece for LA REVUE MONDIALE ten years after the Armistice, Stéphane Lauzanne (1887 - 1928), Editor-in-Chief of the semi-official PARIS MATIN wrote a few bitter-sweet words about the American character and how it was both a hindrance and a benefit to the Allies in the war. Yet he was full of praise when he recalled the bold and forward-thinking manner in which America entered the war and committed both blood and treasure:
"...all America sees far ahead and sees on a grand scale...when America entered the war, it did not say: 'Let us get a few regiments together, give some money to our allies, and send some bushels of wheat to various ports.' No, America envisioned the matter on a big scale. Men were recruited by the millions, and the money to be sent to the Allies was calculated in the millions. The wheat for Europe was grouped in millions of bushels. The material necessary for construction of sixteen great camps was gathered in millions of cubic yards. If America had not seen the problem on this grand scale, would the war have ended as quickly?"
Click here to read an interview with the World War I American fighter pilot Eddy Rickenbacker.
Psychological Prep Used in the Training of U.S. Army Officers (Outing Magazine, 1918)
Any ol' couch-jockey well schooled in the viewing of History Channel documentaries about GIs during W.W. II can tell you that this diverse soldiery had one strong psychological element in common: they could not envision failure. The power of positive thought is still very much a vital particle ingrained within the psyche of today's recruits training within the American military behemoth, and this is the topic of the attached magazine article from 1918. This is an article about the wartime training of U.S. Army officers by Major Hermann J. Koehler, who believed deeply that "there is no limit to human endurance".
Read what the U.S. Army psychologists had to say about courage.
Secretary of War Newton Baker Visits the Front Trenches (New York Times, 1918)
Attached is a front page story from a 1918 NEW YORK TIMES that covered the important visit Secretary of War Newton Baker (1871 – 1937) had made to the American front line trenches during his World War I tenure at the Department of War. During this trip the former Ohio Governor donned trench coat, helmet and gas-mask while chatting it up with the Doughboys.
Click here to read an article from 1927 by General Pershing regarding the American cemeteries in Europe.
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Red Beet Eggs
Pickled eggs are bright in both color and flavor. Pickling firms the whites of the hard boiled egg, transforming them into something tangy and substantial. The finished eggs are good eaten on their own, or chopped into a vibrantly colored salad and make a terrific addition to any springtime table.
This recipe is adapted from the one posted several years ago on A Chicken in Every Granny Cart.
About the author: Marisa McClellan is a food writer, canning teacher, and dedicated pickler who lives in Center City Philadelphia. Find more of her jams, pickles and preserves (all cooked up in her 80-square-foot kitchen) at her blog, Food in Jars. Her first book, also called Food in Jars, will be published by Running Press in May 2012.
Red Beet Eggs
About This Recipe
|Yield:||makes 1 quart|
|Active time:||20 minutes|
|Total time:||48 hours|
|Special equipment:||mason jar, sauce pan|
|This recipe appears in:||In a Pickle: Red Beet Eggs|
- 8 hardboiled eggs, peeled
- 1 cup canned pickled red beets (with their liquid)
- 1/2 cup apple cider vinegar
- 1/2 cup water
- 2 tablespoons brown sugar
- 1 cinnamon stick
- 4 cloves
Place peeled hard boiled eggs in a quart-sized mason jar (or any other heatproof container of similar size).
In a medium saucepan, combine pickled beets, apple cider vinegar, water and brown sugar. Heat until it just comes to a boil.
Place the cinnamon sticks and cloves into the jar with the eggs. Carefully pour the pickling liquid and beet slices into the jar with the eggs. Tap the jar to help loosen any air bubbles. Use a long, skinny spatula to ease out any remaining air bubbles. Place a lid on the jar. Once it has cooled to room temperature, refrigerate. Let pickles rest at least 48 hours before eating.
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A restaurant wants an application that calculates a table's bill. The application should display all the menu items ( shown below) in four ComboBoxes. Each ComboBox should contain a category of food offered by the restaurant (Beverage, Appetizer, Main Course and Dessert). The user can choose from one of these ComboBoxes to add an item to a table's bill. As each item is selected in the ComboBoxes, add the price of that item to the bill. The user can click the Clear Button to restore the Subtotal:, Tax:, and Total: fields to $0.00
I am having trouble with calculating the subtotal, tax, and total bill. I created a calculate button, and would like it to calculate these things when clicked. This is the code I used for that section:
You need to use the resulting value somewhere. Does no good to calculate in you are not using the result.
assuming you have text boxes on your form that need to be populated with these values then you need to add another 3 lines of code there to assign each value to the proper textbox so it will be displayed on screen.
I am using a label to show the amounts. I have a label that says Subtotal and a label next to it that is named SubAmt. That is why I set SubAmt = BevPrice + AppPrice + MainPrice + DesPrice; . I thought it would show the answer in the SubAmt label.
I also would suggest that you use lblSubAmt as your label name. As is you have a variable named SubAmt in your sub and a control named SubAmt on your form. When you get to the sub the SubAmt there will override the object with the same name that has been declared outside the sub so you will not be working with your label at this point.
If you were working with the label you would get an error as you did not specify the property of the label to set.
You have some Selected Index Changed handlers that you don't really need. Well as far as I can tell. It looks to me that the comboboxes are not dependant on one another - in other words, a dependant combobox's contents would change when as another combobox selection changed. This doesn't seem to be the case here.
If that is true then you can remove all the selected index changed handlers and just retrieve the selected indexes of the comboboxes the calculation button handler.
So in the code above, I've retrieved the selected indexes for the comboboxes and did the Cost array lookups inline. Also, you may have noticed that for naming the local variables, I've gone from PascalCase naming convention to a camelCase naming. In C#, camelCased naming is used for local and method parameter variables. So the local 'SubAmt' variable would be named 'subAmt', not 'SubAmt'.
That is an excellent point! I see your thought process here. I did try it, though, and no success. It's like no matter which code I try, when I click Calculate nothing happens.
Don't mean to be flip, but do you know how to debug your program.
Many folks new to programming don't, so it's no big deal.
What you do is click the mouse inside the calculate event handler and press F9 (you'll need to do this on a line of code for the break point to appear). Notice how you get a little red dot next to the line of code? That's the break point.
Next, start debugging by pressing F5. When the program starts up, click the 'Calculate' button. You will switch to the VS IDE and your code will stop running at the line of code where the break point is.
Now you can hover the mouse over each of the variables and look at their values. If you press 'Calculate' and the break point doesn't get hit, you've got a problem - probably because the event handler isn't hooked up to the button.
At any rate, debugging is the only way to figure out what is going wrong with the program, because letting you see what the actual values of the variables are will let you know where the problems with your code and/or logic.
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BlackBelt Authoring: Conditional Drillthrough to Multiple Reports - Page 7
September 18, 2006
Create a Basic Report from Scratch as Our Second Target Report
The last member of our practice report set will be a simple "message" report. This report will exist as a "second option" for drillthrough, and will not even require an underlying dataset. As we stated in our introductory comments, the point is to focus on the linkages between the launch and target reports, and to be distracted by peripheral report authoring, or other considerations, as little as possible. While the business environment would likely demand far more, we will design this report to simply generate a statement that "no data is available" for a given Sales Territory Group selection a straightforward scenario with which to illustrate conditional drillthrough.
1. Right-click the Reports folder, once again, within in the Solution Explorer.
2. Select Add -> New Item ... from the cascading context menus that appear, as depicted in Illustration 54.
The Add New Item AdventureWorks Sample Reports dialog appears.
3. Select Report within the Templates section of the dialog.
4. Type the following into the Name box at the bottom of the dialog:
The Add New Item AdventureWorks Sample Reports dialog appears as shown in Illustration 55.
5. Click the Add button.
The dialog closes and the report file is created. The Report Designer opens, defaulting to the Data tab.
As we have learned from our client colleagues, only text is needed to support the simple target report requirement. We will add a textbox data region, along with text, to the report canvas on the Layout tab.
6. Click the Layout tab.
7. From the Toolbox, drag a textbox data region to the Layout tab, as depicted in Illustration 56.
The textbox appears on the report canvas, as shown in Illustration 57.
8. Click inside the Textbox, to ensure the cursor is resident there.
9. Type the following text into the textbox.
Data is not currently available for selected year.
10. With the cursor still inside the textbox, click the Bold button in the toolbar.
11. Click the Italics button next, as depicted in Illustration 58.
12. Click the border of the textbox, to select the textbox itself.
13. Placing the cursor over the left edge of the textbox (the cursor turns into a multi-directional arrows icon), grab the textbox and drag it to the left edge of the canvas, as shown in Illustration 59.
14. Placing the cursor over the right edge of the textbox (the cursor turns into a double-headed arrows icon), grab the edge of the textbox and widen it until the text inside it is fully visible, as depicted in Illustration 60.
15. Select File -> Save All from the main menu, as we did earlier.
We now have a complete set of basic reports enough to allow us to perform setup of conditional drillthrough in the next section. As an aside, within data regions we can typically use the NoRows property to perform the function of the simple second target report we have created in this procedure. Within the context of our specific example, we could likely have set this property for the launch report matrix; rather than having a "message report," such as our second target report, to return "no data," we might have placed the "data is not ... available" message within the NoRows property.
Our purposes here are simply to create a set of working reports quickly to allow us to focus on conditional drillthrough. The procedures we use to do so with the reports we have created, including this unlikely second target report, would be similar if each target report were a sophisticated, fully formatted report, with obvious report-specific differences in parameters to be passed, and so forth.
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I wanted to preheat water with solar energy before it went to my electric tankless water heater. The higher the temperature of the water going into the heater, the less electricity will be used to bring the water up to the preset temperature on the heater = money saved and it's Green!
First I re-installed my old 40 gallon gas-fired tank-type water heater. It is not even hooked to the gas line, it will just be a holding tank for the preheated water. I plumbed it so that the supply water comes into it first and then goes to the tankless heater. I'll get some more use out of it and it won't have to go see Mr. Recycler yet.
I installed a new pressure relief valve on it for safety. I popped off the plastic drain valve at the bottom of the tank and installed a steel nipple which then adapts to cpvc. That will be the cold water feed to the solar collector. Then I installed a "T" in the copper pipe between the output of the holding tank and input of the tankless heater. That is the warm water return from the collector. Don't worry about envisioning those connections right now... they will be obvious when you get to the "step 6" page.
Then, I threw together a "hot box" out of 2"x4"s and a piece of particle board. I made it to the dimensions of an aluminum framed window pane I had. I just used 3" drywall screws to hold the 2"x4"s together and 1-1/4" drywall screws to put the back on. I used a lot of silicon caulk to make it as air and water tight as possible. Painted it flat black and plumbed it with 1/2" cpvc. Then I painted the cpvc black too.
I don't know why I used this zig-zag configuration. I just started building and this was what I ended up with. I sometimes do things like that. It didn't occur to me until later that most of the solar collection boxes I see use a manifold across the bottom with several vertical tubes going up to another manifold at the top. Probably more efficient. But I'm sure this box will not be the one I keep. It was just a proof-of-concept quick-and-dirty.
Sorry about the fuzzy picture... the rest are better.
Step 1: Up goes the temperature!
Quick and dirty or not, it does a fine job of capturing the heat. I lifted the glass and took a reading and was surprised to find a 100 degree temperature rise!
( Nit pickers... notice the Max reading in the second picture...lol )
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Falling prices for telecommunications
August 31, 2001
In 2000, falling prices were registered for telecommunications services.
The producer price index for telephone communications, except radiotelephone, decreased 1.7 percent from December 1999 to December 2000. Producer prices for wireless communications dropped 6.1 percent in that period. Specifically the price for cellular and other wireless voice grade services decreased 6.3 percent, while the price of paging services fell 4.5 percent.
Declining prices for cellular services were the result of increased competition and further development of the wireless telecommunication infrastructure. At the same time, more customers gained greater access and wider utility while using the services. Furthermore, prices fell as carriers formed strategic alliances with other carriers to eliminate roaming charges and, in many cases, long distance charges.
These data are a product of the BLS Producer Price Index program. The producer price index for wireless telecommunications began in June 1999. Learn more in "Producer prices in 2000: energy goods continue to climb," by William F. Snyders, Monthly Labor Review, July 2001.
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, The Editor's Desk, Falling prices for telecommunications on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2001/aug/wk4/art05.htm (visited June 19, 2013).
Spotlight on Statistics: Productivity
This edition of Spotlight on Statistics examines labor productivity trends from 2000 through 2010 for selected industries and sectors within the nonfarm business sector of the U.S. economy. Read more »
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manufactured. Many οι the choicest shells are incised with scriptural or allegorical designs for sale to tourists as well as for export. The best of the engraved shells sell for $10 to $50, and the cheaper ones for less than $1 each. This industry is of great importance in Bethlehem, giving employment to a considerable percentage of the eight thousand inhabitants of the village.
in no pearl fishery in the world are greater hardships endured than in
the Red Sea and along the coast of the Arabian Gulf. In practically
every other region, the industry is carried on under government
supervision, and there is little opportunity for ill-treatment of the
humbler fishermen. But the fanatics who control the fishery on the
Arabian coast—untrammeled by authorities and responsible to none—show
little consideration for the poor divers, and particularly for the
unfortunate black slaves brought from the coast of Africa.
pearl fishermen lead a very eventful life, the divers especially. They
see some wonderful sights down below the surface—plant life and
creeping things and enemies innumerable. Dropping from the sun-scorched
surface down into the deep cool waters, everything shows "a sea
change, into something rich and strange," just as the eyes of the
drowned man in Ariel's song are turned into pearls and his bones into
there are enemies innumerable. The terrible sharks, prowling about near
the bottom, prove a source of perpetual uneasiness, and in the
aggregate many fishermen are eaten by these blood-thirsty tigers of the
sea. There are horrible conflicts with devil-fish equaling that in
Hugo's "Toilers of the Sea." The saw-fish is also a source of danger,
particularly in the Arabian Gulf, and instances are reported in which
divers have been cut in two by these animals, which sometimes attain a
length of twelve or fifteen feet, and possess a saw five feet long and
three inches broad, armed on each edge with teeth two inches in length.
Another menacing peril is the giant clam ( Tridacna gigas), a
monster bivalve, whose shell measures two or three feet in diameter,
and is firmly anchored to the bottom. This mollusk occurs on many of
the Asiatic pearling grounds. Lying with the scalloped edges a foot or
more apart, a foot or a hand of the diver may be accidentally inserted.
When such a fate befalls a fisherman, the only escape is for him to
amputate the member immediately. Once in a while on the pearling shores
a native may be found who has been maimed in this manner, but usually
the unfortunate man does not escape with his life.
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| Training for self-employment through vocational training institutions (ILO/ SKAT, 1997) |
Unemployment is a growing global problem that besets industrialised countries, developing countries and the transition economies alike. Virtually every country in the world is struggling to cope with the limitations of the wage employment and public sectors and is turning, either by plan or by sheer force of need, to the informal sector and self-employment to help address the unemployment problem.
Over the years the ILO has been a leader in recognising and defining the role of the informal sector in poverty reduction and employment creation for the disadvantaged, young people, women and rural communities. The term 'informal sector' first came into common use as a result of the historic ILO mission to Kenya in 1971 which resulted in the report Employment, Income and Equity: A Strategy for Increasing Productive Employment in Kenya. It is certainly not coincidental that Kenya is today widely thought to represent the state-of-the-art in both national support for the development of the informal sector and in the development of systems to include the informal sector in economic policy and planning.
But the contribution of the 1971 ILO mission to Kenya was much more than the popularising of the term 'informal sector'; it included establishing the basis for the broad recognition that self-employment can indeed contribute to employment, income and equity. Currently, this recognition is expanding at an increasing rate, as is reflected in the recent ILO reports, The Promotion of Self-employment ( 1990), and The Dilemma of the Informal Sector, ( 1991). And recognition is being translated into practice. In the years since the 1971 ILO Mission to Kenya the ILO has laboured to identify, develop and refine systems and methodologies that use self-employment to help millions of people escape from poverty and become productive citizens.
Two of the ILO's early approaches to informal sector use and development, Training for Rural Gainful Activities (TRUGA), and Skills Development for Self-Reliance (SDSR) were extensively tested and evaluated during the 1980s in Africa, Asia, Russia and Belarus. Based on the lessons learned from these many programmes the ILO developed the Community Based Training (CBT) methodology and expanded the focus of ILO initiatives to include the urban informal sector. The ILO's interest in all aspects of small enterprise development continues to grow.
Enterprise is not easy. The demands of modern enterprise are increasingly complex and technical. In spite of this trend the modest production and service enterprises of the self-employed continue to be characterised levels of technology and skill and inefficient production methods. As a result, the rewards for much hard work are often exceedingly modest and the full potential for growth in productivity and employment is not being realised. Even though the informal sector does much to compensate for the failings of the modern wage employment sector, the informal sector itself is suffering from a crisis of inefficiency.
This crisis of inefficiency has as its counterpart the widely acknowledged 'crisis of vocational training'. World-wide, vocational training systems are being challenged to demonstrate their continued relevance in rapidly changing economies and labour markets. In a period when wage employment in the formal sector is stagnant or shrinking the question is frequently asked: What is the role of vocational and technical training systems and institutions in responding to the growing demand for efficient, productive self-employment? The Vocational Training Systems Management Branch of the ILO has been concerned with this question for some time. Answers are beginning to emerge as a result of concerted efforts to identify methods and strategies for linking vocational training institutions with those who are - or aspire to become - self-employed. To date, however, there has been no systematic assessment of international experience, leaving vocational training managers and administrators with a clear mandate, but with little to guide them. Those pioneering in the field, as well as those supporting them at the policy and planning levels, are in great need of information about successful self-employment approaches and programmes.
In response to this need the Vocational Training Systems Management Branch of ILO convened an Expert Consultation on Training for Self-employment Through Vocational Training Institutions in Turin, Italy, 29 November through 3 December, 1993. The objective was to identify 'lessons from the field', and to initiate a systematic search for techniques and methods that can be used to bring the considerable capacities of vocational training systems to bear on the growing need for self-employment assistance. The mandate given the assembled administrators and experts was a practical one: To develop a simple conceptual framework for considering self-employment reorientation, and to provide basic planning and operational guidance for those innovative vocational training institutions involved in or considering self-employment promotion.
It is perhaps necessary to stress that self-employment is fundamentally about business, however modest the micro-enterprises of the self-employed might appear to be. The approach taken here recognises this and addresses the issue of reorienting VTIs to self-employment from the perspective of enterprise development. Much has been learned in recent years about how to encourage and support small enterprises. Much remains to be learned, however, about whether and to what degree vocational training institutions can and should be involved in this complex process. This book has been prepared to help vocational training managers and administrators address the challenging issue of training for self-employment through vocational training institutions.
Nikolai Petrov, Chief
Vocational Training Systems Management Branch
International Labour Office, Geneva
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Sooner or later, anyone living in the US will hear a gun rights advocate say that ‘guns don’t kill people, people do.’ Semantics, but true. While we’re on semantics, strictly speaking, cities are not responsible for GHG emissions. Rather the people, or more specifically, those earning the most money, almost all of whom live in cities, are responsible for the vast majority of the world’s GHG emissions. But that is not nearly as easy to communicate, and messaging is important.
On cities and GHG emissions, what is the message we really need to communicate? First, it’s true, if you add up all the GHG emissions – direct (e.g., out the back end of our car) and indirect (e.g., the trees cut down for pasture or the belches from the cattle used in our hamburgers) – residents of cities are responsible for more than 70% of the world’s GHG emissions (and likely more than 80%). This should not be much of a surprise, as these same people are responsible for more than 80% of the world’s economy. GHG emissions are a by-product of the stuff we buy and do.
Second, within the same city per capita, GHG emissions can vary significantly. This variation is most influenced by affluence. The poor, almost everywhere, emit almost no GHG emissions. But within the same city, residential emissions for residents of roughly the same level of affluence can vary by a factor of 10! (see the case for Greater Toronto for example).
Third, up to now talking about a city’s GHG emissions was a very difficult ‘apples to oranges’ comparison. But fortunately this is well on the way to be remedied with the recent Global Protocol for Community GHG emissions recently released for comment by C40, ICLEI and WRI. Already cities like Rio de Janeiro, Cape Town, New York, Seattle and Calgary are leading with credible, consistent and verifiable citywide GHG inventories. We need to thank these cities and encourage more to follow suit.
Finally, and most importantly, blaming cities for GHG emissions is not helpful, nor strictly speaking, accurate. Cities don’t cause pollution, people do. What is extremely helpful though is realizing that well-designed, well-managed cities that are inclusive and forward looking, is the only hope we have for true sustainable development. Getting there as fast as possible needs to be our common goal.
Over the next few decades there will be tremendous finger pointing and positioning by negotiators, business, and organizations on issues like GHG emissions. This is only natural as there’s money (and pride) involved, and the issue is complex. Good communication will be critical. Semantics aside, we in the cities need to talk this over, and figure out fast, how to build the better cities we need today.
Editor’s Note: Evidence suggests that ‘high income’ populations, defined by the World Bank as having per capita incomes above $12,275, are responsible for the majority of the world’s GHG emissions. Almost all higher income earners live in cities.
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As we are moving closer towards the final stage of this semester, I am sure many of you find yourself among the masses of students for whom the end can't come soon enough. Many of you are in the process of finishing final group work, papers, quizzes and undergoing exams soon. And maybe you are in the same boat as me and are experiencing the occasional Homer Simpson Freak-out mode.
But don't you worry, y'all, in times like these it's always good to remember that it will be over soon and when that day comes you can look at the gigantic hill you climbed through your persistence. And on that day, you can pat yourself on the shoulder and be proud of yourself for making it through another semester and one step closer to your degree.
As someone who has gone through it all in this academic system for the past 5.5 years, I have always found it useful to develop different strategies to get myself through the final stage of every semester and its accompanying madness.
1)Take some time out while studying to do a few breathing exercises to regain composure and get your thoughts back in order. Sit down in a comfortable position or lie down for a few minutes, if needed.
2) If you are the type of person that doesn't like be distracted, find a quiet environment to complete your studies and final projects. If your apartment or dorm isn't the ideal type, university libraries are usually a good place to start at.
3) If however, you are sick of being stuck in your residence cut off from the rest of the world and crave being around people, follow my friend and fellow ambassador Angela Castro's advice and find a coffee shop. Apart from the amiable atmospheres you find in the Twin Cities' coffee shops, you also have an accessible supply of caffeine and other delicacies.
4) Have some chocolate (highly recommend the German ones simply out of personal bias ;) )-Always a sweet stress reliever. Even research has proven it time and again.
5) If time permits, engage in some exercise to get the stress out of your system. Even a short walk and some fresh air can do you good.
6) Remember the funny health insurance guy from your international student orientation? Yes, massages are great and indeed a good resource to contemplate for some relaxing quality time before you take on your finals.
7) And my personal favorite: Set up a reward system for yourself to keep yourself motivated. B.F. Skinner once demonstrated it so well with his pigeons that positive reinforcement reinforces positive behavior. Reward your endeavors with something you like and enjoy, say a favorite activity. I know that laughter can be one of the best medicines to get the endorphins going. So, after long hours of studying, finishing up a paper or group project I usually like to treat myself to an episode of Family Guy, Community or Scrubs.
8) And of course, feel free to expand on this list by leaving some comments on this blog. I am always eager to learn new strategies to manage the challenges of finals week.
That's all from me tonight, my friends. I would like to finish this blog with a suitable quote from the great German poet Rainer Maria Rilke:
"Dass etwas schwer ist, muss ein Grund mehr sein, es zu tun."
Good luck with your finals and all other projects. Take care and see you all soon.
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6 Ways to Get Paid to Learn
Getting paid to learn is a good way to keep your career skills sharp, and it may be the key to keeping your competitive edge in the future.
Penelope Trunk earns her living by keeping her finger on the pulse of the workplace, and not long ago she let slip the secret to competing with up and coming Generation Z — lifelong learning. Trunk's advice is to start focusing on your own lifelong learning now, so you won’t be stuck leaning on your cane when Gen-Z bursts through the office doors.
But with a busy job and life’s obligations, how do you find time to be continually learning? The good news is you don’t have to go back to school or take classes to expand your skill set. Here are six things you can do to constantly be learning new skills while you make money. (See also: 5 Ways to Learn a Language)
1. Write Articles
When you write how-to or news articles, you learn a lot about the topic you’re covering. Regardless of how much you knew before you wrote the article, chances are you’ll learn something as you research your topic.
It used to be that you had to get a Journalism degree and go work for a newspaper to get paid for writing. You still have to show you can write thoughtful and well-researched articles in order to get paid to write. If you can prove this, then there are many opportunities to learn new things as write about them. I know many people who earn a part-time or even full-time living from freelancing or self-publishing their own articles.
2. Teach Your Own Course
Modern technology has made it possible for you to create and deliver your own course digitally. If you’ve ever prepared a lesson or an entire course, you know that there’s a tremendous amount of learning that goes into the process.
Your goal as a teacher is to distill as much relevant information about the topic as you can into a concise and easily understandable package. You learn an amazing amount through your preparation — it’s true that the best way to learn a subject is to teach it.
You may not be able to convince anyone to pay for the first course you offer. However, if your material is good, then offering a few free courses can generate interest in a course people are willing to pay you for.
3. Write a Book
I’ve never written a book myself, but I know many people who have. Although you may start the process thinking that you’ll simply brain dump onto the pages of the book, you’ll probably discover that there’s some learning you need to do in order to do your subject justice.
Unless you’re a well-known expert, no one will pay you up front to write a book. However, the barriers of trading your knowledge and expertise for dollars have been greatly reduced. It used to be that you had to find a publisher to get a book out for sale. Now the ability to self-publish gives people like Mike Piper the ability to write, publish, and sell his own books on the topics of investing, accounting, retirement, and taxes.
4. Work in R&D
Constantly learning new technologies and coming up with ways to apply them is the role of research and development in many companies. Working in a R&D group myself, I can say that I’ve been paid to learn multiple new programming languages and web technologies. The R&D job is the best one I’ve ever had — I’m always learning something new, and I get a paycheck for it every two weeks! As an added bonus, if (when) I lose my job someday, I’ll have lots of marketable skills in my industry.
5. Be a Consultant
A relative of mine is one of the owners of a startup company, and they hire consultants to fill specialized roles. They don’t need a full-time employee for certain positions, but they do need the input of someone who’s an expert in the area.
Constant learning is a big part of being a consultant, because the people who hire you expect that you’re up on the latest trends and technologies. Consulting gigs won’t just fall into your lap, but if establish your expertise (through publishing articles and books or via networking), you can be well-paid to learn new skills.
6. Become a Professor
You don’t necessarily have to earn a PhD to teach at a University. There are graduate schools like Keller Graduate School and the University of Phoenix that hire people from inside the industry to teach their classes. Check out all the degrees and courses these schools offer on their websites; if you work in one of those industries and have a Masters degree, you may qualify.
One of my former co-workers didn’t have a Masters in Project Management, but he did hold the industry standard certification, the PMP certificate from the Project Management Institute. He was hired as an instructor at Keller, and when the new PMP test came out, he was paid to learn all the new requirements so he could teach them in his courses.
Not all of the methods I’ve covered provide full-time salaries. In fact, most don’t. However, they don’t take up all your time either. You can spend 10–15 hours a week on any of these and get paid to learn.
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The Babylonians: Unifiers of Mesopotamia
The Babylonians began their rise to power in the region of Mesopotamia around 1900 B.C. This was at a time when Mesopotamia was largely unstable, prone to conflict and invasion, and not at all unified. This early period, known as the Old Babylonian Period, is characterized by over 300 years of rule of the Amorites, who had come from west of the Euphrates River, and formed an empire based in the city-state of Babylon. This empire was a monarchy that had conquered the outer Amorite territories and united them into one kingdom.
The Babylonian empire thrived on an economy of trade with the city-states west of the Euphrates. And under the strict rule of Hammurabi, the city of Babylon became the political and religious capital of the entire empire, sometime around 1750 B.C. King Hammurabi ran a tight ship, with his famous code of laws providing a steady environment where taxes were collected and affairs were run quite efficiently.
Babylonia was quite successful at taking control of nearby city-states, thanks to its strong and disciplined army. Its influence was felt far and wide, as far away as the eastern Mediterranean regions. This phase of the Babylonian empire ended after a century and a half of thriving economy and cultural stimulus, when the city of Babylon fell to the Hittites in 1595 B.C.
Though Babylon was invaded by Hittite forces led by King Mursilis I, it remained capital of the foreign-led empire that replaced the former glory of the Babylonians. The Kassites of Iran, led by Gandash of Mari, came in and took over rule, renaming the city Kar-Duniash. For nearly 600 years this faction ruled over the western parts of Asia, and Babylon was considered its holy city, during this time known as the Kassite Period. Elsewhere in Mesopotamia, the Assyrians continued to dominate.
There was a relatively peaceful coexistence between the Assyrians and Babylonians, if only because the Assyrians gave Babylonia the margin to enjoy quite a bit of power. When Babylonia felt its power and privileges were being strangled, they often attempted rebellion.
When the last Assyrian king Ashurbanipal died in 627 B.C., the Babylonians, under the influence of Nabopolassar the Chaldean, succeeded in rebelling. The Assyrian city of Nineveh was taken in 612 B.C., and Babylonia was gain in control of the entire region. It was the nearly half-century rule of Nabopolassar’s son Nebudchadnezzar that again cemented Babylon as the center of the substantial Babylonian empire. This period of Babylonian history was known as the Chaldean Era of the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
In 539 B.C., Persian king Cyrus mounted an invasion against the Babylonians. One of his first acts as the self-proclaimed successor of the Babylonian kings was to let the exiled Jews return to their homeland. Cyrus transferred power to his son Cambyses in 529 B.C., and died the following year. After several years of political instability, Babylon partially fell in 514 B.C., and the city fell into ruin.
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|Making of Planet|
In this cool tutorial :-) I will show you how easy it is to create planet from the map of your favorite city. To start, we need space with stars. For that, I used my favorite ContextFree program. I wrote about it detaily in one of my earlier tutorials, so I will keep it short.
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Civil War Frogman
By Dorothy Godfrey Wayman
New York Folklore Quarterly
Volume XVII, Number 1, Summer Issue, 1961
Copyright 1961 by New York Folklore Society.
Reprinted with permission of the Society for use only on this library's website.
ONE hundred years after my grandfather, Washington Hobbs Godfrey, began writing in pencil his diary, the small, thin, leather-bound pocketbooks1 came into my keeping. I had often heard him tell the story, but now, for the first time, I found proof that my grandfather had apparently been the first "frogman" in the United States armed services. Incongruously, he was enrolled as a private in Company D, Third New Hampshire Volunteers, which, brigaded with the Forty-eighth and One Hundredth New York regiments, were "island-hopping" off the South Carolina coast in 1862 and 1863.2
The diaries speak of the troubles which Northern men had because of the climate; mosquitoes that prevented sleep and spread yellow fever: dysentery, typhoid, and smallpox that thinned their ranks; and the one hundred degree temperature in the sun. Nevertheless, they perservered in the task assigned -- to take Fort Sumter at the entrance to the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina, which had been in Confederate hands since April, 1861.
Washington Godfrey was born on November 14, 1837, at Hampton. New Hampshire. He was the seventh generation to live on a farm cleared in 1638 by William Godfrey. His land was located between the Boston-to-Portsmouth highway east through meadows, wood lots, and salt marsh to the sand cove between Great Boar's Head and Little Boar's Head on the Atlantic Ocean. The head of the family in each succeeding generation had been a sea captain, and each had owned his own schooner. The wives had managed the farm while the husbands had fished on the Grand Banks or engaged in coastwide trade.
By the time he was ten, any Godfrey son worth his salt would be expert in handling a fourteen-foot dory and would be shipped as a "hand" on his father's schooner. Soon he would also have learned to handle, under sail or oars, a twenty-six foot wherry.
My grandfather did not, however, join the Navy. In October, 1860. he and others organized the Winnicunnet Guards and drilled in the village until Fort Sumter was fired on. The Guards voted unanimously to offer their services. Governor Goodwin accepted their offer. and they served at Portsmouth until August 23, 1861, when they were mustered into the Federal forces and subsequently embarked for Hilton Head, South Carolina.
Godfrey was a short (five feet, two inches), wiry fellow, who had a mop of black hair and bright black eves. His gift for endurance and leadership attracted his officers' attention.
November 27 Thanksgiving Day. Capt. Maxwell treats and I catches a greased pig. Had a pig roasted for dinner.
Godfrey's seamanship had already been recognized and he was officially designated as Coxswain of the General's gig, and referred to as Pilot.3 He trained and commanded a crew of six for the twenty-five foot whaleboat in which a mast could be stepped, or six oars pulled, for communications between the Army on the islands and the Navy fleet offshore. For sea-going duty, Godfrey was paid $6 a month, in addition to his $26 a month Army pay.
In the Spring of 1863, a new campaign was mounted against Charleston; and the Third New Hampshire, with other troops, was moved by sea from Hilton Head to Folly Island, at the entrance to Charleston harbor. New commanding officers took over: Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren, USN. to the flagship Ironsides, and General Quincy Adams Gilmore, USA, to Tenth Army Corps on Folly Island.
Three islands mask the southeast approach to Charleston harbor. The largest and nearest to the mainland is James' Island. Seaward, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, are Folly Island and, with Lighthouse Inlet between, Morris Island. James and Morris were heavily fortified. At the northern tip of Morris Island stood the Confederate Fort Wagner, with an auxiliary battery on Cummings Point covering the main ship channel into the harbor and Fort Sumter. The noted British war correspondent, AVilliam Howard Russell, was at Charleston in April, 1861, to see "the Stars and Bars flying over Fort Sumter." He visited Morris Island, which he described as follows: ". . . an accumulation of sand covered with mounds of the same material on which there is a scanty Vegetation alternating with salt water marches, dust, heat and fine sand." 4
The United States Navy could not force the entrance to Charleston harbor until the Federal Army should first capture Fort Wagner. The Navy had already discovered Godfrey's abilities, citing him several times in Rear Admiral Samuel F. Dupont's reports:
Dec. 12, 1861. The Pilot, Mr. Godfrey, showed much skill although he had never before been in Vernon River.
Dec. 21, 1861. In all this work have derived much valuable information from G. H. Bradbury and Mr. Godfrey who acted as pilots, both of whom are worthy of your highest confidence.5
These comments indicate why Godfrey was designated for assignments described briefly in his diary. On July 4, 1863, the Third New Hampshire, with other regiments, embarked at St. Helena for Folly Island; but Godfrey and his gig's crew remained with General Gilmore and Admiral Dahlgren.
Tuesday, July 7. Started on our Expedition for Charleston this morning at 2 o'clock A. M. on [steamer] Mary Benton. Arrived at Head-quarters on Folly Island at 10 A. M. Find the forces making great preparations for a fight on Morris Island.
Wednesday, 8th. Lay in Folly Riker on the Mary Benton. Head quarters of General Gilmore and staff. Plenty of rowing to do day and night. Thursday, 9th. Getting lots of Boats ready for troops. Many Navy boats go with them. Went out on Stones Bar to lay with a signal light to pilot in Navy boats. Very rough.
Friday, 10th. Brig. Gen'l Strong's Brigade embarked in Boats with lots of Navy boats and their guns in sight this morning at sunrise, close to Morris Island. Fight carne 5 o'clock. Splendid artillery fight. 3d N.H. and 7th Conn. make a grand charge. Get possession Morris Light.
Wading ashore through marsh mud up to their armpits, the Third New Hampshire had joined in charging the batteries facing Folly Island, which were strung along the crest of sand dunes fifty feet high. The Confederates retreated to the northern end of Morris Island and took shelter in Fort Wagner.
Saturday 11th. Boat's crew have been going all day and night since leasing Folly. About played out. Charge on Fort Waggoner [sir] but got choked out with heavy loss. Third N.H. within range of Fort Sumpter [.sic]. Some of the Reg't. got killed by shells from Sumpter.
Sunday, 12th. Lay off Charleston Bar with Navy fleet. See great firing from ships into Fort W. Carried Gen'l Gilmore into Lighthouse Inlet first time.
The General had been with Admiral Dahigren directing the "beachhead" landing: it is easy to see that Godfrey and the gig's crew were "going day and night" carrying dispatches. Now the Navy designated Godfrey to pilot the General's shift to headquarters on Folly Island.
Monday, 13th. Went in with Steamer over Lighthouse Bar. Rebs shelling from Forts Sumpter and Waggoner.
Tuesday, 14th. Very buissy [sic] all day carrying dispatches and officers across from Folly to Morris all day. Have been going day and night for the past 10 days.
Wednesday, 15th. The 3d N.H. is called back from the front to get rest. The Boys about used up.
Thursday, 16th. Very buissy. Start off on a long route for Gen'l Gilmore in company with Maj. Smith. Go first to Pawnee Landing, from there to White House, James Island, in heavy showers.
Friday, 17th. Out all night. The crew rowed most of the night. Got lost. Came near being taken by Rebs. Returned to Lighthouse Inlet at 9 A.M. About used up.
Saturday, 18th. Out all night. Very buissy. The Navy and Land batteries opened up on Fort Waggoner at 12 m. Hearing History while I am writing. Our forces charge the Fort by dark.
Sunday, 19th. Our forces repulsed last night with heavy loss. Two steamers go to Hilton Head with wounded. I go out to the Flagship to get four Navy Doctors.
After the failure to carry the assault on the fort, there was comparative quiet for almost a week; but not for Godfrey, plying with dispatches from General Gilmore across Lighthouse Inlet to Morris or out to sea to the Ironsides.
Tuesday, 21st. Wind blowing So-west. Scud flying bad. The worst we have got into yet. No reversement in Front yet.
Little could Godfrey guess what General Gilmore was planning for him. Between Morris Island and fortified James Island ran a tidal channel called Vincent's Creek. The Federals still held their beachhead at the southern end of Morris, but General Gil-more feared that the Confederates might reinforce the fort from Charleston and thus flank his batteries. The General asked -- or ordered -- my grandfather to take his gig and crew up the Creek and throw booms across.
Saturday, 25th. Went up to the Front to put obstructions across the river but could not, for the enemy guard. Shall try again tonight. Several men killed by shells.
Sunday, 26th. Went up in Front last night and put timber across the riser outside our pickets and within gunshot of Forts Waggoner, Johnson and Sumpter. They fired about 30 shots at us. Very narrow escape. Went to Flagship today.
The diary does not elaborate, but I have heard from my grandfather some of the details. They had to work in the dark, under fire from the batteries in the forts and from Confederate sharp-shooters on both banks. They rowed, towing the hewn logs that were laden with chains to fasten them in place. They had to swim, or wade, with only heads above the water, fearful of water moccasin snakes, tormented by mosquitoes, groping along the logs to bolt them together. In the morning, scouts saw that the tide had broken the boom. So they spent the day getting more timber for a fresh attempt.
Monday, 27th. Wind blowing heavy all the time from the South-west. Sand flies and drifts around our tents.
Tuesday, 28th. Had orders to get some piles from Folly Island today. Have to go to the Front to work tonight.
Wednesday, 29th. Wind, wind, sand, sand. Have orders to go to the Front tonight.
Thursday, 30th. Had a bad job in die Creek last night under Fort Waggoner. Worked under fire of the Enemy's guns. Out to Flagship today.
Friday, 31st. Called out at 11 o'clock last night to work putting obstruction across the river, close under Fort Wagner's guard. Have to work on it nights. Bad place to work. Out to the Flagship today to carry mail for Headquarters. Go on board. We have seen some of the hardest times since I have been in the Army. Gen'l Gilmore seems to be the man for the place. Everything seems to be going on finely. Think we shall take Sumpter, if not Charleston, before long.
Coxswain Godfrey was too optimistic. It was true that when his booms were finally, after seven nights' work under fire, firmly in place, Forts Wagner and Sumter were evacuated by the Confederates; but Dahlgren decided against taking his fleet against Charleston's fortifications. Charleston did not surrender until February 18, 1865.
A map, entitled "Siege Operations on Morris Island-Charleston July 10-Sept. 6, 1863, by General Q. A. Gilmore, Commanding," shows two obstructions marked "Boom." about 400 yards from Fort Wagner in Vincent's Creek.6 That was my grandfather's task, as the first "frogman" of the United States Army. The Third New Hampshire continued to hold Morris and Folly Islands, but Godfrey was to pay a price for his exertions and seven nights' immersions. He contracted malaria and rheumatism.
Monday, Dec. 28th. Had a dispatch from Gen'l Gilmore to go to Col. Davis' quarters on Folly Island to get some things for him. Sent Dearborn as I had the Rheumatism so bad I could not ride a horse.
Thursday, Dec. 31st. They sent up for us to go down to be mustered. I could not walk so they sent an ambulance for me and brought me back. The Old Year goes out cold and windy.
Hospitalized, Godfrey rejoined his regiment -- on dry land -- in the Spring of 1864, but he never regained his health. He was honorably discharged in August, 1864, with a pension. Returning to civilian life, he suffering periodic attacks of malaria until his death in 1912. He never again took a longer trip at sea than the East Boston ferry and gave that up after an unlucky sneeze, as he stood by the rail, sent his false teeth to the bottom of Boston Harbor.
The Godfreys were a prolific clan, and when the West began to be opened up, they migrated far and wide. When I came to live in Olean, New York, I found a valley in the Allegheny foothills named "Godfrey's Hollow," but the farm was long deserted and I have found no one who knows which Godfrey once settled there before pushing on West.
1 Perpetual Diary. Six inches tall, three inches wide. New York: A. Liebemoth and Von Auw, 25 Beekman Street.
2 Eldredge, Daniel, The Third New Hampshire, 1861-1865. Boston: E. B. Stillings & Co., 1893.
3 Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion. Series I, Vol. 12. "May 6, 1862. The Darlington, acting Master Godfrey, etc."
4 Russell, William Howard, My Diary North and South. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1954. pp. 60-6l.
5 Official Records, supra, p. 397; ibid, p. 422.
6 Eldredge, supra, opposite p. 320.
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Fighting over toys, temper tantrums, aggression on the playground or in the classroom: these are routine behaviors among the preschool set. The period between ages 2 and 5 is one of extreme, rapid developmental change, and young children make these transitions with varying degrees of speed and ease.
To learn more about when those everyday behaviors may cross the line into something more serious, we spoke with Dr. Susan Campbell, author of the newly revised and updated Behavior Problems in Preschool. Her best advice? Pay attention, but try to take it all in stride. Just when you think you've got a handle on one irksome behavior, your tot's gotten over that — and he's on to something else. "Being a parent of a preschooler requires a sense of humor — and a sense of proportion," says Dr. Campbell.
Parent & Child: What are some negative behaviors that crop up in early childhood that surprise parents?
Dr. Campbell: In toddlerhood, children are trying to be independent. There's a lot they want to do, yet they can't quite do it. On top of that, their language and negotiation skills aren't that sophisticated. So they get frustrated and act out — that's when you start to see tantrums. Toddlers are constantly testing the limits of their own competence, which leads them naturally to say "no" frequently. Parents will suddenly find their sunny toddler being defiant and non-compliant. It's all a normal part of child development.
P&C: What about aggressive behavior between children, like hitting, biting, or fighting over toys?
Dr. Campbell: Again, these behaviors are normal. They are more common in boys than girls, though, because boys develop language skills later, and so have fewer skills to work things out between themselves. They resort to aggressive behaviors more easily. Probably 95% of aggressive behavior in toddlers and preschoolers is nothing to be concerned about. The only time I would say to be concerned is if a bad behavior escalates, or goes on for a long time, or occurs along with other problems. But if your preschooler is going through a month or two where he and his siblings or peers are having toy struggles, for example, you shouldn't think there's anything "wrong" with your child.
P&C: So, then it would come down to how you handle the behavior.
Dr. Campbell: Yes, at this age, how negative behavior is managed by adults, both teachers and parents, makes the difference. For normal bad behavior, the smartest thing parents can do is to be consistent, and to anticipate times when problems may occur. You have to be proactive, and head off situations in which there are likely to be tantrums. Many parents instinctively know this, or can learn it. They can divert attention, for example, offering a sibling a different toy when two children are fighting over something. Or offer choices, explain things on their child's level, and enlist their child's cooperation.
A great case study is the supermarket. In one aisle you'll see a 3 year old having a tantrum, and in another you'll see the same age child going along with his mom and "helping" her shop. This second mom probably is shopping at a good time for her child, when he's not too tired or hungry. She may have discussed with him beforehand that they were going to the market, that he could help by taking a loaf of bread off the shelf, and that he could have a treat when they got home.
P&C: You say in your book that some negative behaviors are a matter of perception. What one parent sees as very bad, another might shrug off as normal. Please explain.
Dr. Campbell: If a parent perceives her child's bad behavior as a problem and it's not, how she handles it can make a difference. She can make it a problem, make it a big issue, or she can take it in stride.
Parents may not understand what their child is capable of at that moment. They may call something a problem — having a tantrum in the supermarket, or playing very aggressively with his peers — that's not a problem. What's very common is that parents will get preoccupied by an issue that's happening with their child at that moment. It's easy to do. Your child has bitten other kids, or is having weeks and weeks of toy struggles or other behavior issues, and you think it'll never end. But then it does. At the end of the day, as long as there's a solid, warm, supportive parent-child relationship, a lot will get better on its own.
P&C: How can a parent know if aggressive behavior is related to a deeper problem?
Dr. Campbell: There may well be a specific stressor that's causing a child to act out. It's helpful for parents in that situation to step back and take a look at what's going on. It may be something obvious, like a new baby in the house, or a move. But sometimes it's something you would not have thought would affect your child directly, such as a problem you are having at work. Stresses you feel trickle down to your child. He may be reacting to the fact that you are preoccupied with a sick parent. And of course, if parents are separating, they both may be so consumed with their problems that they don't even realize just how much of an affect that has on their children. Then again, it's important to understand that kids are very resilient. They may be having an issue related to a specific stress, and a few months later, they're fine. There's very rarely any lasting damage.
P&C: At what age is aggressive behavior more likely to be problematic?
Dr. Campbell: The older a child gets, the more worrisome aggression is. At age 3, you shouldn't worry as much; 3 year olds are still learning self-regulation, how to control themselves. But at 4, they should be able to self-regulate. Four year olds who are biting, hitting, being disruptive and noncompliant, may need intervention. In that case I would suggest the parent consult their pediatrician. Your child's doctor may have a lot of experience with these issues, and should be the first line of defense.
P&C: What's the best way to handle aggression?
Dr. Campbell: What you say, and how you respond emotionally, both make a big difference. First, ask your child questions: When you bite Johnny, how do you think he feels? Second, let your child know how his behavior makes you feel. When there is a good relationship between parent and child, the child will really take it in if he knows you're upset by his behavior. He has a lot to lose by upsetting you.
P&C: What's going on when a child is well behaved at home, but his preschool teacher reports bad behavior?
Dr. Campbell: When this happens — or the reverse — you want to know what's happening in both those places. Let's say it's an only child with calm parents, and he attends a preschool that's noisy and chaotic. That can trigger bad behavior in the child at school, who's not accustomed to the noise and commotion. The opposite can be true. School is calm and structured, and the home is chaotic. So the child "lets go" at school. You'd have to look at what is eliciting the behaviors. It's definitely a sign that something's going on somewhere that needs to be looked at.
P&C: What's your take on the issue of kids being expelled from preschool for behavior problems?
Dr. Campbell: It's probably inevitable. The more common it becomes for kids to be together in groups at younger and younger ages — child care settings, preschools — the more likely you'll see behavior problems, because there will be kids who are probably not ready for a structured group setting. In the past, they might not have had to deal with it until they were a little older. Kids develop at different paces: maybe that child is better off at home or with one-on-one care for another year. When a child presents a problem at preschool, it's often aggression with peers, and it's often the case that other parents are complaining. It would be nice if everyone - parents, teachers, caregivers - could stop and try to understand why it's happening and work on it, rather than kicking the child out, but that's not always possible. Schools have to be concerned about a child who is disrupting the whole group; and they can't risk upsetting everyone. But rest assured, most aggressive toddlers and noncompliant preschoolers will not end up delinquent, antisocial, or even poorly adjusted.
Recommended Products for Your Child Ages 3-5
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California's accidental politician
Bustamante, a onetime fruit picker, could become California's first Latino governor in 120 years.
For months, California Gov. Gray Davis has ridiculed the recall as a scheme to get a Republican into the governor's office through the back door. It is no small irony, then, that the man perhaps likeliest to walk through that door is his Democratic lieutenant governor.Skip to next paragraph
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It would not be the first time California's political order had clicked into place for Cruz Bustamante. He is, in many ways, an accidental politician - a staffer who had to be persuaded to run for office only 10 years ago, then an assemblyman who became Speaker largely because term limits had eliminated the Old Guard.
Along the way, though, this onetime farmworker and college dropout has carved his own political identity, rising to his current office through a mixture of hard work and engaging personal skills more reminiscent of President Bush than of his boss.
The only major Democrat in the recall race is not likely to bring hordes of gawking surfers to hear a speech on a beach boardwalk, as GOP rival Arnold Schwarzenegger has. Even now, Mr. Bustamante seems almost apologetic for his success, famously poking fun at his portly profile and balding head. Yet with polls showing him even, and in some cases ahead of Mr. Schwarzenegger, Bustamante has again found what could be his perfect moment to ascend higher than many - including himself - believed possible.
"To his surprise as much as anyone else's, he's gone from a staffer to the second highest-ranking official" in 10 years, says Derry Sragow, a Democratic political consultant who has known Bustamante since his staff days. His career "has taken him to places that he never expected to go."
It is just one aspect of his character that contrasts strikingly with that of Mr. Davis, who had seemingly charted his path to the governorship with laserlike precision from the moment he entered state politics nearly three decades ago. In fact, the cairns of Bustamante's political path were laid largely by other people - a father who got him an internship in Washington as a teenager, and a retiring political mentor who asked Bustamante to run for his seat in the California Assembly.
"He was not a politically ambitious person," says Bruce Bronzan, the assemblyman who persuaded Bustamante to run for his seat. "I'm not sure that he really thought of himself as an elected official."
Bustamante, after all, lacked a traditional political pedigree. A C-average student in high school, Bustamante occasionally spent time picking cantaloupes and peaches in the San Joaquin Valley to help supplement his father's income as a barber. He once studied to become a butcher, and though he started college some 30 years ago, he didn't finish until this May.
Yet his decision to compete for Mr. Bronzan's Fresno-area district in 1993 began an astonishingly rapid ascent through California politics. His timing could not have been better: Latinos had just started to become a force in state politics. Democrats had retaken the Assembly by 1996. And most important, term limits had begun to skim off the leading political figures of the past decade.
"[Bustamante] is the first statewide candidate to be a product of the term-limit system," says Bruce Cain, a political scientist at the University of California at Berkeley. "It means that his cycle got accelerated."
If term limits put Bustamante in a unique position, though, then his political style ensured that he took advantage of it. In a time of great confusion and little experience, the calm and studied disposition that had once made him cautious about even entering politics now made him a reassuring figure and led to his election as Speaker of the Assembly. It was a characteristic that had emerged during his staff days and still defines who he is as a politician today.
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Thursday, July 13, 2006
Au Moulin Vert
After the famous Moulin rouge, here is the Moulin Vert (green windmill), a restaurant located rue des Plantes, in the 14th arrondissement of Paris. At the end of the 18th century, there were still around 30 windmills in this area of Paris. This one takes its name from one of these such windmills that was turned into a "guinguette” (an open-air café often situated near a river). You may be familiar with this painting by Renoir that illustrates better the concept of a guinguette than I possibly could.
PS: if you're looking for cheap accomodations in Paris between July 20 and 23 click here.
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|By K. Thor Jensen May 5, 2011|
As email began to become the preferred method of business communication, it became only natural for virus makers to start treating it as a disease vector. One of the first worms to get major attention was the Melissa virus, created in 1999 by David L. Smith and named after a stripper he had a crush on. Sent through an email, it was built on a simple Microsoft Word macro - if you opened the attached document, it would automatically replicate itself and re-send to the top 50 names in your address book. Melissa crashed multiple networks before it was contained, but it was only the beginning.
As more and more people started using email in their daily life, it's not surprising that virus makers are targeting kids with their work as well. The 2007 Pikachu worm is widely regarded to be the first piece of malware that focused on the pre-teen set. An email containing an image of the electric mouse Pokemon and some amazing Engrish reading "Between millions of people around the world I found you. Don't forget to remember this day every time MY FRIEND." led to a mass email to everybody in your address book as well as the addition of instructions to your autoexec.bat file that would wipe your hard drive on next boot.
One of the most devastating aspects of viruses is how they can lay dormant in your computer waiting for further instructions. The first virus to really create a worldwide panic was dubbed Michelangelo after its date of activation - on March 6th, the famous painter's birthday, this malicious bit of code would roar into action and delete the first 100 sectors of your hard drive, rendering your machine inoperative. Things got really crazy when it was discovered that some hardware manufacturers including Intel had shipped products that were accidentally pre-infected with the virus, and the media actually advised people to not turn their computers on at all on the 6th until a cure could be found.
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COVER STORY: Clinical TrialBy Paul Bradley, Editor, Community College Week
Study Aims to Measure Efficacy Of High-Tech Patient Simulators
In college nursing and allied health departments across the country, they are becoming as ubiquitous as the stethoscope: high-tech, computer-driven patient simulators controlled by educators to deliver physiologically appropriate responses to student interventions.
There is little question the devices have many advantages. The remarkably lifelike machines can augment clinical settings, which are in short supply in many parts of the country. Simulated experiences provide students with the opportunity to take part in patient care scenarios they may otherwise not experience in actual clinical settings: breeched births, for example, or severe allergic reactions.
Simulation also offers an avenue for educators to assess clinical judgment and critical thinking of their charges without jeopardizing patient safety. Learners can make mistakes without the need for intervention by medical experts to stop patient harm. By seeing the outcome of their mistakes, learners gain insight into the consequences of their errors.
But despite the eager embrace and widespread use of the machines, little is known about whether and how they advance academic outcomes or improve clinical skills and patient outcomes. Academic research on the topic is sparse, and mostly confined to whether students were satisfied with their simulation training and whether the technology built confidence among students. That could soon change, however.
A pioneering study being conducted by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing is examining the use of simulators in pre-licensure nursing programs throughout the country. The study, which will follow students through college and into their clinical practice — the study cohort graduates from nursing school this May — aims to guide state boards of nursing in determining how much simulation should count in satisfying clinical requirements for nurses.
“The information that will be gained from this research is desperately needed by nursing regulators and educators, and will impact the future of nursing education,” said Jennifer Hayden, project director for the study.
The study will highlight best practices in simulation use, evaluate the learning occurring with various amounts of simulation substituting for clinical hours, establish simulation standards and learning experiences in each core clinical course and evaluate new graduates’ abilities to translate educational experiences into the workplace.
NCSBN is monitoring students from five associate degree nursing programs and five baccalaureate degree nursing programs throughout the United States. Study teams are monitoring students upon completion of each clinical course, after one year in the nursing program, upon graduation and finally, one year post-graduation. The research gathered by the study teams will be reported to NCSBN, which will assess nursing knowledge, clinical competence and student satisfaction with the education they received.
Few people question the utility of the simulators, and colleges have been willing to invest in them. High-fidelity models cost about $65,000, and some more advanced machines can cost as much as $250,000. Many have been purchased with grant money.
The machines have a high “gee-whiz” factor. They are almost eerily lifelike. They breathe, blink, cry, moan and sweat, allowing nursing students to acquire the full range of skills they’ll need in their jobs, from drawing blood to delivering babies to preparing toddlers for surgery.
For colleges struggling to find clinical placements for students, they fill a critical role. In some areas, a dozen or more schools of nursing are competing to find a limited number of clinical placements for their students. In addition, many hospitals, fearing legal liability, are reluctant to let students do any more than observe in areas like pediatrics. Then there is the problem of finding nursing instructors with masters’ degrees to supervise the students in their clinical settings.
As a result, clinical placements have become a significant choke point in nursing education, said Michael McLaughlin, director of the Katz Family Healthcare Simulation Center at Kirkwood Community College in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
The center opened in the fall of 2009 on Kirkwood’s main campus. It’s a 12,000-square foot facility that serves students in 17 credit and non-credit nursing and allied health programs as well as area hospitals, EMS agencies, medical facilities and individual health care providers.
It’s a testament to state-of-the-art technology, equipped with seven high-fidelity medical simulators, an extensive audio/visual system and a six-room, seven-bed simulated hospital environment. Walk into the center, and you get the feeling you’re in an actual hospital.
“What really sets us apart is that we were built from the ground up as a simulated hospital,” McLaughlin said. “We serve about 300 students a term, nursing students, respiratory therapists, paramedics and occupational therapists.”
McLaughlin sees several advantages in the high-fidelity, computer-controlled simulators, which bring a large degree of realism to health care education.
“One of the biggest advantages of the simulators is that they give students the chance to make mistakes,” he said. “With a real person, the consequences of a mistake can be very serious. We joke that this is the place where you can kill your patient. We’ll just restart it.”
The simulators also allow educators to standardize the instruction process, exposing nursing students to the same learning environment, he said. Clinical settings, by contrast, can vary greatly.
Despite the advantages of the machines, there are few answers on whether training on simulators improves academic performance, clinical skills or patient outcomes. Those are among the questions the NCSBN Simulation Study intends to answer, giving states the knowledge they need to craft rules on whether — and how much — training on simulators should count toward satisfying clinical requirements.
Currently, even students who are trained on simulators must complete hundreds of hours of training in actual clinical settings.
The study is evaluating the learning occurring with various amounts of simulation substituting for clinical hours. Students from each of the 10 study sites have been randomly assigned to one of three groups: a group where up to 10 percent of the time normally spent at clinical sites will be spent in simulation, a group where 25 percent of the time normally spent at clinical sites will be spent in simulation or a group where 50 percent of the time normally spent at clinical sites will be spent in simulation.
Said Hayden: “Boards of nursing around the country have been asking, ‘can we use simulators in place of clinical settings?’ There are no clear answers in the literature. People think the simulators are a really good idea, but nobody really knows.”
Following the students post-graduation is particularly noteworthy, Hayden said. Researchers will be able to evaluate how well new graduate nurses are able to apply the knowledge they have acquired during nursing school to their practice as new nurses, providing a link that has not been studied in previous simulation studies. Researchers will examine and compare clinical and simulation experiences, competencies and level of practice. The follow-up of graduates into their first year of practice will focus on retention of new nurses and clinical judgment after graduation.
McLaughlin is among those who is hoping the study yields meaningful results about the efficacy of simulation technology.
“We need to show that using this technology has tangible outcomes,” he said. “We need to show how it impacts patient safety. The next frontier will be documenting how simulation technology affects patient outcomes, rather than just the education of nurses.”
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© 2013 Community College Week (ISSN 2328-2045)
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Mismatch: Pity the poor puppy mom
DRAWING BY DEBORAH DERR McCLINTOCK
Q. Recently I have noticed a lot of media attention given to artificially inseminated mixed-breed dogs. If a very small dog like a teacup poodle is inseminated with a large breed dog like a St. Bernard, would the mother (1) abort (2) have one live birth puppy (3) have her life endangered? –Pongo
A. Generally not 1 and 3, more likely 2 which may also include a litter of live births, says animal reproduction specialist Dr. Margaret V. Root Kustritz, University of Minnesota small animal theriogenologist (from the Greek therio = beast, gen = birth, ology = study of). "I get this question all the time. Dogs are plenty driven by urges to breed or be bred regardless of their mismatched sizes so artificial insemination might not even be necessary."
Once the female is pregnant, the puppies will grow to the size available to them, so even though it seems counterintuitive, a small female dog can carry pups from a giant breed male dog. Even where there is no size mismatch, says Kustritz, if a female dog has only one pup, it will grow to fill the space, thus becoming larger and more likely to cause dystocia (difficulty whelping) than would pups from a large litter.
Q. The besiegement can be direct or indirect, causing burns, heart attack, brain damage, loss of consciousness, paralysis. Loss of memory and concentration can follow, even personality changes. Aggression and outbursts can ensue, as well as depressed sex drive. Most of the victims' pains are evident within hours or days, though there may be delayed effects. Some 1,000 people per year are affected in the U.S. alone. Bizarrely and seemingly defying all odds, it happened to one hapless guy seven times over a 35-year span, a world record. Can you identify the shocking cause here? –G. Ehrlich
A. Lightning strikes, as detailed in New Scientist magazine. Very rare indeed are those people who gain from a "hit," like the woman who said she acquired an acute sense of smell, or the guy who claimed he became impervious to feeling winter cold ("Weird Harold" to the neighbors).
Q. Imagine (from Encounter with Tiber by Buzz Aldrin and John Barnes): Astronomers detect a signal from Alpha Centauri, 4.3 light-years away, coming in a pattern of high tones (Beeps), low tones (Honks), and silences (probably spacings), in tone-groups of threes: BBB, BBH, BHB, BHH, HBB, HBH, HHB, HHH. Only these groupings occur, arranged in curious long sequences that will require deciphering. Are there any plausible guesses to be made about the aliens' mathematical system and anatomy? –D. Spock
A. Likely the message is in base 8 math, with 3 beep- or-honk choices yielding 8 different arrangements, probably standing for digits 0-7, says Clifford A. Pickover in Wonders of Numbers. "The string of digits in the message could represent pictures or text."
The most common numbering system on Planet Earth is base 10, digits 0-9. But there's no reason to assume aliens would use this. We use 10 because we have 10 fingers, as suggested by "digit" designating both a number and a finger. So might these aliens have a thumb and 3 fingers on each hand, or a thumb and finger on each of 4 arms, or maybe 8 tentacles? "Of course, it's possible their number system has nothing to do with their anatomy, just as the Babylonian base 60 system said nothing about their anatomy."
As for the novel, says Pickover, it turns out the eight groups of honks and beeps represent black-to-white image shadings of eight creatures waving as they board a spacecraft.
Send Strange questions to brothers Bill and Rich at firstname.lastname@example.org.
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Bob Woodward's latest book reportedly quotes President Obama as saying "We can absorb a terrorist attack. We'll do everything we can to prevent it, but even a 9/11, even the biggest attack ever... we absorbed it and we are stronger." He is absolutely correct and displays great courage in stating it. Not surprisingly, critics are now trying to make political hay by suggesting that this is an "outrageous" comment that shows that the President "doesn't care about Americans dying." This is not just unfortunate demagoguery, it undermines our national security by building up our adversary and hampering efforts to bolster the resiliency of the American public.
For eight years, the message leaders conveyed to the American people was that they should "be afraid, be very afraid." Terrorism was portrayed as an existential threat. Counterterrorism experts not only say that this is inaccurate, they emphasize that these kinds of messages are not helpful to our overall counterterrorism efforts.
A recent report from the leaders of the 9/11 Commission, authored by terrorism experts Bruce Hoffman and Peter Bergen, concludes that the threat from al Qaeda today is "less severe" and "the group's capabilities to implement [a 9/11] scale attack are currently far less formidable than they were nine years ago." Nevertheless, they warn that smaller scale attacks are entirely possible. In the face of this reality, American resilience is a powerful deterrent that will frustrate the terrorist's goals of spreading disruption and fear. The report emphasizes that "American overreactions to even unsuccessful terrorist attacks arguably have played, however inadvertently, into the hands" of the terrorists.
Liz Cheney says the President's statement "suggests an alarming fatalism." No one could accuse Lee Hamilton and Governor Kean, or Peter Bergen and Bruce Hoffman, of being fatalistic about the terrorist threat. Recognizing that there are no guarantees against another attack and that America is a strong and resilient nation and will survive such a tragedy were it to happen does not imply any lack of commitment to prevent another attack. It is precisely the kind of realistic approach that will make us stronger and ultimately safer.
Muhammad Ali won fights in part because he learned how to absorb punches. That doesn't mean he didn't do everything in his power to avoid those punches but he knew some would connect and he learned to absorb them, pain and all, so that he could go on fighting.
Americans understand that any politician who promises them that he or she can guarantee there will never be another terrorist attack on American soil is not being straight with them. Our government is working with fierce determination each and every day to prevent another attack but we know there are no guarantees. Despite this, Americans refuse to live in fear.
For years, we have heard accusations that someone has a "September 10 mindset", implying that they don't understand the threat we face. I argue that the greater risk is being stuck in a "September 12 mindset." On that day after the horrible attacks of 2001, we lived with a deep sense of fragility as we waited in fear for the next attack. Over the subsequent days and years, however, Americans returned to their daily lives, just as the people of London went back down into the subways after their own attacks. We learned that resiliency is an essential and powerful weapon against terrorism. It means knowing that there may be another attack, but refusing to live in, or make decisions based upon, fear. When politicians and policymakers fall back on that September 12 mindset of fear to convey their message and promote their policies, they undermine that essential public resiliency.
The President's Homeland Security Adviser, John Brennan, put it very well last Spring during remarks delivered at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in DC:
"As a strong and resilient nation, we will strengthen our ability to withstand any disruption, whatever the cause. For even as we put unrelenting pressure on the enemy, even as we strive to thwart 100 percent of the plots against us, we know that terrorists are striving to succeed only once... Instead of giving into fear and paralysis, which is the goal of terrorists, we must resolve, as a nation, as a people, that we will go forward with confidence, that we will resist succumbing to overreaction, especially to failed attacks and not magnify these perpetrators beyond the despicable miscreants that they are, that as a proud and strong nation, we will not cower in the face of a small band of cowards who hide in the shadows and send others to their slaughter and to slaughter the innocents."
No one wants another attack. Men and women in the military, intelligence, law enforcement, and throughout government at every level are working tirelessly to prevent that. A successful attack would have a dramatic impact on this country. But this nation would survive. Leaders who acknowledge that reality make us stronger.
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Yowza! Girl-Group Videos
All from YouTube!
See Your Faves Again!
Cher, Supremes, Ronettes & more!
Rave! The Reviews
Girl groups on CD!
GGs on TV!
Groovy! The Groups
Where to Find
Swell! The Songs
Fab! Fans & Fun
No. 1 Hits!
A Blast! Beach Party!
Girl-Groups 1960s movies!
Where to Buy Them!
Keen! History & Bios
Today's history lesson!
The Wall of Sound!
Man! More Pix!
Early Cher, Lesley Gore
and many many
Mod! Girl Groupville
Fan pix of the
Q & A Page, Pen-Pal Us!
Luv! The Links
The Stars' Sites!
Candy and Records!
Wow! Where to Buy It!
Vats of Vinyl!
Brief Blazing Stars!
Ruby & the Romantics!
Karen and Olivia in '66
Karen's solo sound!
Exclusively on Girl-Groups.com
Bev, Efficient 1960s
The Sound, the Songs, the Style...
by Chuck Mallory
Whether it's the catchy hooks of the Angels' "My Boyfriend's Back" or the sweet sentimentality of the Dixie Cups' "Chapel of Love," or the dulcet tones of the classic "My Guy" by Mary Wells, the girl group sound of the early 1960s marks an important influence in rock and roll and a defining image of American culture.
The girl-group sound came to the fore in 1958-60, when the payola scandal broke the back of raw male rock dominated by Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis and Little Richard.
"MAYBE" THE STARTMusic historians generally agree that the release of "Maybe" by the Chantels in 1958 and its immediate success marked the official beginning of the girl-group sound. But what drove it into the commercial mainstream was in early 1961, when the Shirelles had two hits in the Top Ten--"Will You Love Me Tomorrow" (the first song by an all-girl group to ever hit Billboard's number one spot) and "Dedicated to the One I Love."
The flood of artists is reflected in the list of 750-plus names on this site, an attempt to compile to names of all the bands and solo singers who comprised the girl-group sound of the early 1960s. The sound did not emanate from one place or songwriter. Though the producers and songwriters at New York's Brill Building were certainly the core of the sound, it came from Detroit, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, and other places in the U.S.
It was a democratic era for rock music. In the Brill Building, there were 165 music business offices, and aspiring songwriters and singers often drifted from one office to another, without appointments, trying to peddle their songs. The sound ruled. Some of the songs were considered so "hot," that producers released the demo recording as the record--a feat unthinkable today. If you had a good sound, you got a shot, even if you were a nobody. And many of the records spiraled up the charts with no promotion.
Some of the girl groups became well-known at dizzying speed. In 1963, struggling nobodies called the Ronettes were performing at the tiny Riptide Club in Wildwood, New Jersey, when their release, "Be My Baby," was issued. Three weeks later, their song had moved from #90 to #20 on the national charts, they were stars, and finally finished their engagement at the Riptide Club.
GURLFRIEND!Interestingly, many of the girl groups were teenagers themselves when their songs became famous. Almost all of them were black, though that was not known to many fans at the time. Some had grown up singing gospel music in church. Ronnie Spector laments in her autobiography, Be My Baby, that she didn't have the "full, church-trained voice" as did many of the other girl-group lead singers. Some of the teen girls wrote their own songs, though occasionally these were credited to producers.
Partially because of the concern that America's teens would like the songs better if they didn't know the singers' color, many girl groups were virtually anonymous except for their recordings. Some of the girls didn't care. They made more money in session recordings and staying home, rather than touring. Also, without magazine publicity, producers were free to interchange girls for touring or to record something new.
(OVER)LAP DANCERSThe overlap was incredible. For instance, Ellie Greenwich, the most prominent girl-group songwriter and co-producer, used backup singers and released songs under the names The Raindrops, The Popsicles, Regina and the Redheads, Doreen and the Tammys and Ellie Gee and the Jets. The girls in the Jelly Beans girls-and-guy combo were the same girls who were in the Butterflys. The Four Jewels were the same group as the Impalas. The Chic-Lets were merely the Darlettes performing with Patti Lace and the Petticoats.
The big hit "by" the Crystals, "Da Doo Ron Ron," was actually by the Blossoms! Producer Phil Spector and the Crystals were not getting along at the time, so while he was in L.A., he paid the Blossoms studio-session rates to do the song. Both the Crystals and Blossoms were surprised to see the song released as by the Crystals, especially since it was such a big hit.
"One Fine Day" by the Chiffons was a recording by Little Eva (of "The Locomotion") in which the vocals were stripped off, with the Chiffons singing over the instrumentals.
The Cookies, not to be confused with the Cupcakes or the Cake!
And, in an astonishing burst of productivity, it is believed that all of these songs were recorded by the same group of girl singers: "Good Good Lovin" by the Cinderellas, "Will You Love Me Tomorrow?" by Bach's Lunch, "Pied Piper" by the Cupcakes, "Make the Night a Little Longer" by the Palisades and "One Wonderful Night" by the Honeybees.
BOYS!A few of the "girl groups" were a mixture of boys and girls. A classic example is the Orlons, who recorded "Wah-Watusi" and "Don't Hang Up." Since their songs had a bass male backup, usually just a "doo-wop" or "she-lang" type of contribution, producers figured the songs would be more popular, because in homes across the U.S., teen boys would be able to sing along with the girls.
The Essex really broke the mold, with three guys and one girl, but are still considered a "girl group." Anita Humes' strong voice led the songs, and the three male backup singers backed it up with 50s-style harmony. Thank "The Few, the Proud" for this contribution to rock music--all the members of the group were Marines. Sometimes the men wore their uniforms in live performances.
Some all-male groups had a girl-group sound. Frankie Lymon and the Teenagers are a perfect example. However, we can't include the all-male groups who had the sound. We have to draw the line somewhere!
Because so many themes were concurrent, lyrics were often very similar. In fact, four different girl-group songs, from the Spandells, the Secrets, Bettye Swann, and Terri Stevens, all had the exact same title: "The Boy Next Door."
Who cared? With a Coke in hand and a record on the turntable, you could twist the day away in your capri pants and admire your beehive hairdo.
NOVELTY TIMEThough there was little promotion for most girl groups, and so many of them were one-hit wonders, it is amazing that so much attention was devoted to the "novelty" aspect of the groups. Those few groups who performed live sought out the distinctive characteristic to make their mark. The Essex, of course, had the three Marines. But even all-girl groups could have a bigger or wilder beehive hairdo, or ultra-pink satin skirts, or an "image" that was renowned.
The Shangri-Las might have been the first successful girl group in that regard. Because they were white and had big hits, their picture appeared much more in public than all-black girl groups. Their bad-girl image, with go-go boots and songs like "Leader of the Pack," and "You Can't Go Home Anymore" (an incredibly sad song about "Mama" dying after her teen girl ran away) added to the allure. They wore black leather jackets and skin tight pants. Lead singer Mary Weiss, with her long hair and sultry frown, looked like she was from the bad side of town. Their image campaign was so successful that one newspaper called the hit "Leader of the Pack" a "death disc" that shocked teens. Some radio stations wouldn't play the song.
There were worse songs, though. The Whyte Boots' semi-hit, "Nightmare," was about one girl killing another in a gang fight! Many other songs (such as "I Want That Boy" by Sadina, or the many songs about girls cat-fighting over a boy) had randy themes for the time, the product of middle-aged male producers writing suggestive songs for cute teenage girls.
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SHARPSBURG, Md, September 21, 1862.
Lieut C. N. JACKSON,
Acting Assistant Adjutant-General.
SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Sixth Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps, in the action of September 16 and 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Md.:
The regiment was on the right of Seymour's brigade, and advanced into the woods occupied by the enemy about 6.30 p. m. on the 16th instant. After reaching the woods a few rounds were fired into the corn-field in front occupied by the enemy. The batteries of the enemy shelled the woods until after dark. The enemy began an attack with musketry at daylight on the 17th instant, and shortly after opened on the woods with shot and shell. When Hartsuff's brigade advanced the regiment was ordered to take post about 200 yards farther to the left. It remained in this position until all of our troops had retired and the woods was occupied by a large force of the enemy, when it retired. The conduct of the officers and men was good on the 16th. On the 17th the regiment was very niuch reduced in numbers by men taking the wounded to the rear without my orders.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Colonel Sixth Regiment, Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps.
1 US War Department, The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (OR), 128 vols., Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, 1880-1901, Vol. 51/Part1 (Ser #107), pp. 147-148 [AotW citation 123]
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Green Venture Capital
The amount of money that venture capitalists risk on new ideas has been rising steadily over the last decade; however, it’s no surprise that with a worldwide recession, overall investment levels are dropping.
A recent survey of 400 venture capitalists revealed that investment in life sciences and biotechnology will remain stable, but every other area will see decline — except clean technology, which will see a jump in investment.
The chief reason that clean technology is the single investment bright spot is “government involvement,” as evidenced by the Obama administration’s funding of alternate energy sources. In most areas, the investors say that initial public offerings may not start appearing again before 2010, but that clean technology investment will begin to become evident this year.
So, when the economy gets through these violent storms, will we find ourselves in seas that are calmer … and cleaner?
Questions can be sent to Jim Parks at firstname.lastname@example.org. To find out more about Jim Parks and read features by other Creators Syndicate writers and cartoonists, visit the Creators Syndicate website at www.creators.com.
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Health officials say salmonella traced to cantaloupes grown has sickened 14 people in this state and approximately 150 nationwide.
The Indiana State Department of Health said Friday it was investigating southwestern Indiana farms, distributors and retailers as potential sources of the outbreak. It said one Indiana farm voluntarily stopped shipping cantaloupes as precaution.
The Indiana agency says Kentucky - which has 50 confirmed cases and two deaths - also is investigating retailers and other points along the distribution chain.
State and federal health officials advise Indiana residents to discard cantaloupes purchased since July 7.
Most persons infected with salmonella develop diarrhea, fever and abdominal cramps 12 to 72 hours after infection. The illness usually lasts four to seven days. Most persons recover without treatment, but some may need hospitalization.
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The UK's new secretary of state for transport will be Conservative MP Philip Hammond.
With the Conservatives' failure to reach an overall majority in the General Election, it remains to be seen which of the party's road-related pledges will survive the Liberal Democrat and Conservative coalition.
Here are some of the major areas of interest for motorists and how the two parties differ.
Fuel duty: Prior to the election, the Conservatives had pledged to introduce a 'fair fuel stabiliser' to cut fuel duty as oil prices rise and increase it as oil prices fall, while the Lib Dems had promised to increase fuel duty in line with economic growth.
Green issues: The Conservatives said that they would introduce a national network of charging points for electric and plug-in hybrids, while also promising to use extra revenue from 'green' taxes to reduce taxation elsewhere.
The Lib Dems pledged to deliver a 40% cut in greenhouse emissions by 2020, rising to 100% by 2050. However, the Lib Dems have also said they will cut major roads budgets and spend the money on switching road freight to the railway network.
Nick Clegg's party is committed in the long-term to a 'revenue-neutral' road-user pricing scheme on motorways and trunk roads.
What happens next?
The likelihood is that motorists will have to pay more in tax and duty, but this will not become clear until the new Government holds an emergency Budget within the next 50 days.
One thing is certain, though, there won't be any big new projects announced, the incoming administration will be concentrating solely on the economy for the foreseeable future.
We'll be covering this live on whatcar.com, so make sure you check back for more details.
Get interactive with whatcar.com...
Our reviews are based on hard data and thorough testing in the real world.
Up to the minute news from around the globe
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To provide consistency in complying with governmental regulations for proper classification and reporting of payments made to employees and independent contractors. The initial classification determined by the University is subject to final determination by the appropriate governmental agency.
The purpose of this policy is to establish policy and procedures for the classification of individuals who provide services to the University as an employee or independent contractor.
In 1989 the IRS expressed concern that the misclassification of individuals was resulting in the loss of significant amounts of revenue. Since that time, the IRS has examined many employers for proper classification of individuals as independent contractors or as employees. Many cases have been resolved with significant penalties, interest, and taxes being assessed to employers. Utah State University is required to comply with IRS regulations; therefore, proper classification of independent contractors and employees is essential. The IRS has developed the "20-Factor Common Law Test for Classifying an Individual as an Employee or Independent Contractor" (below) to help employers determine whether individuals should be classified as employees or independent contractors.
|1.||Employee. Any person who has received pay as a University employee within the last twelve months or meets the classification of an employee after applying the common law factors (below).|
|2.||Fellowship. A prestigious award generally made to graduate students in recognition of scholastic achievement and for which no services are required. Usually individuals receiving fellowships are not considered to be employees. However, if the monetary amount paid is for services, then the individual receiving payment is considered an employee.|
|3.||Honorarium. A payment to an individual for the purpose of conferring distinction or to symbolize respect, esteem, or admiration. The individual usually possesses a specific knowledge or unique capability. At times the payment may be made for services. Therefore, the common law factors (below) need to be applied in order to determine if the individual receiving the honorarium is classified as an employee or independent contractor.|
|4.||Independent Contractor. Any established business concern and/or individual who receives a payment for services or goods who deals with the general public and who meets the classification of an independent contractor after applying the common law factors (below) and whose services are procured through an official written contract (i.e., purchase order, subcontract).
|5.||Merit and Performance Awards. A payment to an individual for the purpose of recognizing the individual for a specific achievement or for the quality or efficiency of work done by an individual. Usually individuals receiving merit and performance awards are considered employees.
|6.||Scholarship. A grant-in-aid made to a student for the purpose of rewarding scholarship and/or other attributes. Individuals receiving scholarships are not considered to be employees.
|7.||Services. Personal effort which is compensated for work assigned by the University. An individual receiving pay must stand the test of the common law factors (below) in order to determine the status as an employee or independent contractor.|
|8.||Stipend. A fixed monetary amount paid periodically for educational assistance. If the monetary amount paid is for services, then the individual receiving payment is considered an employee. If the monetary amount is for the specific purpose of providing educational assistance without services, it is considered to be a stipend.|
|1.||All proposed payments to individuals representing compensation for services should be compared with this policy statement to determine whether the payment should be made through the HRS (payroll) system or procurement system. It is necessary that these procedures be followed before any services are rendered or commitments made to the individual.|
|2.||If the payment is to be made through the HRS (payroll) system, contact either the Human Resources Office or the Student Employment Office based on the following criteria:|
|a)||If the employee is to receive benefits and/or the terms of employment are greater than four months and greater than 50 percent time, contact the Human Resources Office for appropriate hiring procedures.|
|b)||If the terms of employment are for less than four months or 50 percent time or less, contact the Student Employment Office for appropriate hiring procedures.|
|3.||If the proposed payment meets the criteria for classification as an independent contractor, the request should be completed and processed as follows:|
|a)||If the payment is to be made from sponsored funds (contracts, grants, etc.,), form "20-Factor Common Law Test for Classifying an Individual as an Employee or Independent Contractor" (below) and form "Request for Taxpayer Identification Number Substitute Form W-9" (below) should be completed and submitted to the Contract and Grant Office for processing in accordance with University procurement policy.|
|b)||If the payment is to be made from other than sponsored funds, a requisition should be prepared and submitted along with completed forms "20-Factor Common Law Test for Classifying an Individual as an Employee or Independent Contractor" and "Request for Taxpayer Identification Number Substitute Form W-9" (below) to the Purchasing Services Office for processing in accordance with University procurement policy.|
|c)||On occasion, there may be some question as to the proper classification of individuals or exceptions which may be justified based upon individual circumstances. If assistance in classification is needed or potential exceptions exist, a request for a ruling can be submitted on a "Request for Ruling to Clarify or Review Exceptions to Classifying Employees/Independent Contractors" (below) to the Contract and Grant Office for sponsored funds and the Purchasing Services Office for other than sponsored funds.|
|FORMS referenced above:|
|1.||20-Factor Common Law Test for Classifying an Individual Employee or Independent Contractor. Adobe .pdf|
|2.||Request for Taxpayer Identification Number Form W-9. pdf|
|3.||Request for Ruling to Clarify or Review Exceptions to Classifying Employees / Independent Contractors. HTML|
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Written by Melissa Ditmore and Juhu Thukral for RH Reality Check. This diary is cross-posted; commenters wishing to engage directly with the author should do so at the original post.
This article is part of a two-part series commissioned by RH Reality Check analyzing U.S. trafficking policy as outlined by President Obama at the Clinton Global Initiative.
Last week, on Tuesday, September 25th, President Obama gave a major speech on trafficking in persons at the Clinton Global Initiative. The timing is important: Obama referenced the 150th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation and noted its connection to human trafficking, which is often called a form of modern-day slavery. In his speech, he said:
Now, I do not use that word, ‘slavery’ lightly. It evokes obviously one of the most painful chapters in our nation’s history. But around the world, there’s no denying the awful reality. When a man, desperate for work, finds himself in a factory or on a fishing boat or in a field, working, toiling, for little or no pay, and beaten if he tries to escape — that is slavery. When a woman is locked in a sweatshop, or trapped in a home as a domestic servant, alone and abused and incapable of leaving — that’s slavery.
On its face, the President’s speech appears to reflect a real understanding of what trafficking is — a situation in which force, fraud, or coercion at work create a climate of fear and keep enslaved and in dangerous working conditions out of fear rather than as a voluntary decision. Obama also gave detailed examples of instances where men and boys are most frequently victims of trafficking. This is powerful, since most of U.S. rhetoric on trafficking has focused on sex work and women, including erroneously, voluntary sex work; trafficking of men and boys was almost completely absent from the rhetoric of President Bush, for example. Obama also specifically addressed the horrors experienced by child soldiers, an issue that has not yet caught the public’s imagination as a key concern in the fight against human trafficking. We are hopeful this speech suggests a welcome change in the scope of U.S. anti-trafficking efforts.
But when it came to the specifics of the Obama administration’s actual priorities, the president was not so clear. As president, Obama can lead the way on anti-trafficking and anti-violence efforts, but his speech was coded in many ways to reflect that he will follow the lead of his predecessor in prioritizing relationships with anti-prostitution organizations who use anti-trafficking rhetoric to further an agenda that violates the human rights of sex workers.
Confusing all sex work with trafficking trivializes the abuses experienced by the trafficked persons and ignores the agency of women who turn to sex work as their best among limited options. Sex workers do not want to be victimized by labels they don’t choose; they want to be agents of change in their own lives and exercise their human rights based on their own priorities. Law enforcement efforts to address trafficking in the United States, however, have to date focused on “vice raids,” leading to arrests of women, mostly poor women and women of color, many of them U.S. nationals and people who have not been trafficked, and many of whom make a living via sex work. It is a thinly veiled anti-prostitution effort. It is no wonder that this model, echoing the use of other legislation purported to protect women, has not led to better identification of trafficked women. Indeed, a report from the Sex Workers Project at the Urban Justice Center found that women trafficked into sex work in New York City had experienced frequent arrests — up to ten arrests! — without being identified as trafficked.
Obama specifically praised faith-based organizations for their work and the White House fact sheet mentions an expanded role for faith-based groups. This is highly problematic, given that most of these groups focus only on trafficking into one labor sector — forced prostitution — and are not stalwarts on many issues of women’s rights. In addition, President Obama specifically praised the International Justice Mission (IJM), an organization that has engaged in raids on brothels. (See Melissa Gira Grant’s analysis of IJM here.)
Such “rescues” are meant to be the acts of well-meaning Good Samaritans, but they more often than not cause severe human rights abuses. These efforts tend to help a very few while causing harm to many, and distract attention and resources from the less sexy issue of abuse in other labor sectors. The United States has encouraged other governments to adopt anti-trafficking laws, and some nations have done so. Cambodia is one example, enacting a law on “the Suppression of Human Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation” in 2008. This was implemented in such a way that sex workers around the country were arrested and sent to former Khmer Rouge prison camps. Human Rights Watch has documented egregious abuses in arrests and while imprisoned, including denying access to life saving medicines, beatings, rape and even deaths in custody. Furthermore, these arrests have not assisted people in situations of forced labor in other sectors.
In his speech and in the fact sheet, Obama mentioned increased resources, tools, and trainings, much of it targeted to law enforcement. But he did not say how this is any different from current federal efforts that are largely focused on law enforcement efforts to prosecute trafficking. Furthermore, the fact that in the United States, most trafficking survivors will need to help law enforcement in order to be recognized as victims of trafficking has not lead to greater cooperation. And despite funding for law enforcement task forces that have relied on vice arrests, victims have come forward in small numbers, fewer have been recognized by the U.S. government, and there are even fewer prosecutions and convictions. A better alternative would be to focus on ensuring labor rights in all sectors and on making services accessible for trafficked persons with less reliance on workplace arrests or cooperation with law enforcement.
To his credit, the president mentioned new efforts focused on getting businesses to examine supply chains for trafficking in their own industries. But one industry he mentions is the travel industry — again, without specifics, language around the “travel industry” is usually coded to mean that activities will focus on squelching sex work, as opposed to abusive practices against maids and other low-wage staff who work in hotels.
As part of this package, the White House released an executive order strengthening protections against trafficking in persons in federal contracts. Many elements of executive order appear to relate to all industries where trafficking happens. But the document regularly addresses “trafficking in persons, the procurement of commercial sex acts, or the use of forced labor” — equating commercial sex acts with trafficking and forced labor. So it is not clear at all — does the president know what trafficking in persons is, or is he still learning? Or is he walking a fine and dangerous political line? The implications here are important, for workers’ rights as well as for the sex workers described above. Corporations have been major users of trafficked labor and their practices often go right up to the line of being considered trafficking, by using agents to outsource contracts and claiming ignorance about conditions for the workers, even when the amounts for hours billed do not meet minimum wage.
At least by focusing on federal contracts, this administration is addressing in an important way the realities of abuses of labor in all sectors. There are important precedents that lead to this order. While it may be hard to believe, there have been federal contractors embroiled in trafficking scandals. During U.S. interventions in the former Yugoslavia, DynCorps, a military contractor, was involved in trafficking young women into what the women thought would be jobs in hotels, only to be raped and suffer other abuses. A book written by one of the women fired when she exposed trafficking by DynCorps was made into the movie “The Whistleblower.” Today, foreign workers on U.S. military bases abroad have endured conditions that meet the definition of human trafficking.
We commend the president for acknowledging the breadth of trafficking and human rights violations across sectors and the associated labor abuses that frequently occur, and for recognizing that trafficking occurs even in federal contracts, which have many layers of supervision and reporting. But advocates and people who provide services to trafficked persons continue to push him and demand that he recognize trafficking for what it is and not get mixed up in the politics of advocates who are not as focused on addressing the climate of fear endured by so many workers around the world. Enforcement of fair and equitable working conditions in all sectors, with a focus on economic opportunity for all, would go a long way toward ending trafficking in persons.
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Mourning Dove Drinking from the Sacramento River photos by Larry Jordan
I was fortunate to get off work a little early the other day and decided to stop by Turtle Bay and see what avian fauna was about. It was near 100 degrees, in the late afternoon so I didn’t expect much. I walked across the bridge to the East side of the Sacramento River and positioned myself in the shade to try and catch some Common Mergansers that were feeding along the shore.
The Mourning Dove flew down from a tree above my head to get a drink from the river, shortly after a North American River Otter cruised by.
All of a sudden the distinctive sound of a Belted Kingfisher crackled through the air. Audio courtesy of Robin Carter (XC1363). [audio:http://www.thebirdersreport.com/audio/BeltedKingfisher20050411R010.mp3]
Some of you may know that I have been trying to photograph one of these amazing birds for quite some time. This photo doesn’t do her justice.
She stayed in the shadows of an inlet near the bridge, fishing. I tried to follow her but she slipped by me. So I headed back toward the river and waited.
As I tried to find a place on the steep bank for my tripod, I flushed a Green Heron that was so well hidden, I didn’t even notice it. I searched for its new location back up the inlet where the Belted Kingfisher, and a Great Egret also, had been fishing. A bright golden eye gave it away.
I watched this excellent fisher make a catch and swallow it down before I could focus my lens. Then, to my surprise and increasing excitement, it flew to a perch directly across from me and began preening.
I just watched as he or she arranged all feathers into their proper places.
And then slipped back into the shadows.
If you want to see a cool video of a Green Heron fishing, check out his previous post.
I will continue my quest for a good Belted Kingfisher photo. Until then, check out Bird Photography Weekly for more great bird photos.
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the first part of
As readers of
will remember, your editor has set out on a project to
digitize a set of old video tapes and turn them into properly-formatted DVD
media suitable for handing out to the grandparents. Part 1 was about
the task of
capturing this data to disk; part 2 covers the video editors available
for turning the captured data into something watchable, and part 3
covers the task of creating a DVD from the edited video.
Attentive readers may have noticed that part 2 has not yet been
written; there are more editors available than your editor had expected
(currently under review are Cinelerra
CV, Kino, PiTiVi, LiVES, and Avidemux), so that process is
taking longer than expected. For the purposes of this article, let us
assume that your editor has a disk full of video clips which have been
edited and properly formatted into the MPEG2/AC3 video object files expected
by DVD players. There will be a discussion of the best ways to get those
files there in the near future, promise.
Many of us have burned CDs and found the process to be relatively
straightforward - the biggest obstacle is often just getting past the
grumpiness built into cdrecord and its latter-day derivatives. Creating
data DVDs is not a whole lot harder. So one might be inclined to approach
the task of creating a video DVD with a "this will be easy" attitude. It
is, in fact, a task just about anybody can learn to do, but it is on a
different order of complexity than creating a CD full of music. A video
DVD is, in truth, a program complete with its own hierarchical structure,
menus, and code written for the simple virtual machine lurking within every
DVD player. Creating a playable DVD requires writing that program.
If DVDs are programs, then the one compiler available for Linux systems is
the command-line dvdauthor
tool. Regardless of how one builds a DVD, dvdauthor will be involved in
the process at some point. This tool requires a collection of video
objects representing the actual video titles and also implementing the
menus, subtitles, and more. It's all tied together via a complex XML file
(example) which is compiled by dvdauthor to
create the final product.
It is possible to create all of these pieces by hand, and, doubtless, Real
Linux Video Jocks would not do it any other way. One can use dvdauthor to
help with the generation of parts of the XML file. There is documentation
which seems fairly complete, if a bit terse. But the fact of the matter is
that most people attempting to use this tool directly will give up in
despair. There is no reason why DVD authors should have to work at this
level; dvdauthor is essentially an assembler which, while being absolutely
essential to do most of the heavy lifting, should be hidden from most
polite company. DVD creation is a visual task; there should be
visually-oriented tools for this job. The good news is that these tools
do, indeed, exist.
The first of these tools is DVDStyler, a GTK-based application.
There are three basic tabs which are used to work through the tasks of
piecing together a DVD; they are labeled "Directories," "Backgrounds," and
"Buttons." The directories tab pulls up a simple internal directory
browser, useful for adding objects to the DVD. So, if the DVD author has a
collection of VOB files containing video data, they can be found by way of
this tab and added, one by one, to the DVD. Each object shows up in the
bottom pane of the window, generally with an unhelpful annotation like
"Title 2". There is no easy way to see what each of those titles is;
one must query their properties and look at the associated file name.
As a grumpy aside, your editor must note that the directory browser
uselessly starts at $HOME. One need not work with much video data
before realizing that special provisions must be made for its storage;
video objects are unlikely to be kept in the home directory. Your editor
has a hard time understanding why tools like this are unable to start file
searches in the current working directory, which is a much more likely
place to find things of interest. Switching to $HOME is not just
a least-surprise violation; it actively makes things harder for the user.
The "Backgrounds" tab helpfully offers a dozen or so canned background
images which can be used for the DVD menus. They are nice backgrounds, and
they might just be useful for somebody struggling through the process of
creating a DVD for the first time. Your editor, though, suspects that most
users, by the time they create their second (working) DVD, might just want
to supply their own background images. They will look for that option
under the "Backgrounds" tab in vain, though. It is possible to
supply a custom image: go to the large (video screen) pane, right-click,
select "properties," and set an image there. It's easy, once you've
figured it out. But one would think that, having gone to the trouble to
provide an entire mode dedicated to background images, the developer would
have thought to toss in a "none of the above" button.
The hardest part of creating a DVD (once one has suitable video in place,
obviously) is getting the menus to work. DVDStyler starts with an empty
main menu in place; it is up to the user to add entries which will do
interesting things. That is done by way of the "Buttons" tab. There's a
selection of arrows available, as well as the ability to add basic text
buttons. The button of interest can be simply dragged to the right spot on
the menu, sized appropriately, and configured to do the right thing. There
are also "empty" buttons for more complicated situations where the real
button text (or image) is found on the menu's background image.
Having added a button, the author must tell the system what happens in
response to events on that button. To that end, there is a separate
"properties" dialog. Usually one wants a button to cause a certain video
title to be played, and that is easily configured. If more than one menu
has been created, buttons can also be set to jump from one menu to the
next. There is a "custom" blank for the harder cases which require direct
entry of code to be executed by the DVD virtual machine. In DVDStyler, the
selection of relatively obscure options (subtitles, languages, camera
angles) can only be set up in this way.
Also required is a specification of what happens when one of the
directional arrows is pressed. The default "auto" setting leaves that up
to the player, which will probably do the right thing - the down arrow, for
example, will move the focus to the next button below the current one.
Anybody who is concerned about the user interface provided by the resulting
DVD will probably want to set these actions explicitly, though - a somewhat
tedious and time-consuming task.
Eventually, the time comes to actually create the DVD. Most first-time
users will probably go to the DVD menu for this task, but the "burn" option
is not there - it's under the "file" menu instead. The resulting dialog
works nicely, giving the user the option to stop after generating the ISO
image or to run a preview application (xine by default) before actually
writing to the disk. Underneath this dialog is a whole set of helper
commands which are run; those can be configured if need be, but most users
will not tread there.
All told, your editor found DVDStyler to be the easier tool to use for
quickly putting together a video disk. There is just one little problem:
those disks never quite worked right on your editor's ancient DVD player.
Somehow, a misunderstanding about how the menus should work crept in.
Your editor suspects, perhaps, that overlapping buttons may have something
to do with it; the other application reviewed by your editor (QDVDAuthor)
detected and corrected that situation, but DVDStyler did not. In any case,
newer players had no problem with the generated disks, so this may not be a
problem that most people need to be concerned with.
The other DVD authoring application considered here is 'Q' DVD-Author (or qdvdauthor
from here on out in an effort to save your editor's typing fingers). This
is a Qt-based application aimed at providing complete DVD authoring
capability. It is arguably more complete and mature than DVDStyler, but
more complex as well.
Qdvdauthor provides a three-paned window with areas for the current set of
audio/video objects, the DVD hierarchy, and the menu designer. The
audio/video pane, on the left end, is clearly a work in progress. There is
a thumbnail area which shows the opening frame of the associated video -
sometimes. Other times it stays green and qdvdauthor silently leaves an
mplayer process desperately cranking away in the background. It was only
when the load average on your editor's system got to around 20 that he
figured that one out. There is a "play" button which pops up a cheery "not
yet implemented" button. The run time of each video title is also displayed.
All told, it is a more useful display than what DVDStyler offers, with the
potential to be quite a bit better yet.
The middle pane shows the current hierarchy of objects making up the DVD.
It is a helpful display, given that DVDs truly are hierarchical objects.
It likes to reset itself to the top, though, making it necessary to scroll
repeatedly toward the bottom when the DVD gets more complex. The right
pane shows one of the DVD menus - or a couple of other things we'll see
later on. One very nice feature is the little display at the bottom
showing how much data has been committed to the DVD so far and how much
Video titles are easily added using the prominent "add movie" button. Once
attention turns to the menu creation process, one notices that there is no
separate "backgrounds" tab - but there is a button for adding a custom
background image, which is what is really needed anyway. Your editor found
that dragging a thumbnail from the video pane over to the menu area created
a picture button which would play the associated title - a nice feature.
The creation of text buttons (or those from a separate image) is a bit more
labor-intensive, requiring the user to right-click on the background,
select "add text", draw a rectangle to define the text area, fill in
a rather gaudy text dialog (shown left) with the actual text (and tweak
such), right-click on the newly-added text and select "define as
button", then fill in the button properties dialog (shown right). That
involves setting the button name (necessary - it would be nice if it
defaulted to the button text) and picking the various associated actions.
It takes a while.
Eventually, the time comes to commit all of that work to an actual DVD. A
click on the associated button gets that process going. If one has been
sloppy in drawing out buttons, the first thing to come up will be a warning
that some of the buttons overlap, accompanied by an offer to fix the
problem automatically. One can also decline the offer (aborting the
process) to fix the problem manually.
This is as good a point as any to note that moving and resizing buttons in
qdvdauthor is a real exercise in pain. The button areas have the usual
grab points for moving, dragging edges and corners, or rotating the
button. But none of those are visible until the user has clicked the mouse
and committed himself to doing something. The end result is that attempts
to drag a button often do something else - like rotating them to some
strange angle. The basic interaction modes for operating on graphical
objects in a display have been well understood for years; one can only
imagine that whoever designed this interface was engaging in some sort of
sadistic exercise which was sponsored by purveyors of
Once the buttons have been sorted out, selecting the burn operation brings
up a rather intimidating dialog showing all of the commands which will be
executed to get the job done. It's at this point that one realizes just
how much behind-the-scenes magic is going on to make the DVD creation
process actually happen. There are options to disable specific parts of
the process (actually burning the disk, for example), and the adventurous
can edit the commands before they run. Most people, though, will probably
just hit the "OK" button at the bottom and watch the process unfold. Which
it does, just as one would expect.
There's a few other nice features hidden in this application. The menu
pane can be made to show the XML file which will be generated for
dvdauthor; it can also be put into a garish and complex dialog which
facilitates the addition of subtitles. There is a template mechanism for
menus, and a network-based repository from which qdvdauthor can download
new templates. There is an operation which will convert the entire DVD
between the NTSC and PAL formats - your editor has not yet exercised this
option, but, given that some of the grandparents for whom this work is
intended live in Europe, it will eventually come in handy. There is a
little-used plugin mechanism and a theme feature as well; long-neglected
Motif users will be glad to know there is a style for them. The addition
of audio to menus and intro/outro sequences to titles is relatively
straightforward. There is also an option to make DVD slideshows out of a
series of still images.
Either one of these applications can get the job done. They both show the
best of how an application on a Unix-like system can add power by using
existing tools. Neither DVDStyler nor qdvdauthor actually does much of the
work of creating menus or burning DVDs; they mostly just put together
fiendishly-complex command lines and call out to the tools which have been
designed to do that work well. Overall, the combination works reasonably
A feature which is lacking from both tools is a "hold my hand" mode for
people who are not - and do not want to be - experts in DVD creation. A
sequence of screens which would set up an initial menu, import titles, and
create buttons for each would be most helpful in this regard. As it is,
users must have their own internal checklist in mind when creating DVDs,
and it is easy to miss things. Your editor, while certainly slower than
most, is unlikely to be the only one to have created an impressive pile of
coasters before finally producing a DVD which actually worked as intended.
While the tools edited here are, in your editor's opinion, the best
available for Linux for this task, there are some others to be aware of:
is a set of command-line tools for the creation of DVD menus and
putting the whole structure together. They hide much of the
underlying complexity and may prove useful for users not wanting to
work with a graphical interface.
is an interesting tool which enables the creation of DVD menus in
HTML. It then renders them with a web browser and prepares the result
for burning to a DVD.
- Kino (which will be covered in
depth in part 2) can produce a simple dvdauthor script to make a
no-menu DVD with a single title.
DVD Authoring Wizard is a kdialog script which steps the user
through the creation of a simple DVD. It provides the handholding
mentioned above, but, arguably, simplifies out too much of the
Of all these tools, it must be said that qdvdauthor is, at this time, the
most complete and capable. It provides access to almost any capability
supported by current DVD players, is relatively easy to use, and works most
of the time. With luck, the developers (who released the 1.0.0 version
reviewed here in November, 2007) will devote themselves to smoothing out
the remaining rough edges, leaving us with a tool which DVD authors at any
level can use.
to post comments)
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1. A dying individual releases a cloud of energy – his soul. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be transformed, i.e. changed from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed. So that soul will stay in its environment for a while but not be annihilated. I understand the soul as a pattern, a structure and set of conditions that might allow to build up an identically thinking person.
2. The cloud of energy will not last forever but be bound soon. It usually will be attracted by humans because they are the only ones who can read the “program”. Therefore, I consider it unlikely to be reborn as an insect because every piece of information needs an appropriate reader.
3. The binding process needs a willing receiver. The energy cloud can only be incorporated in individuals who are willing to allow that. Strong minds have no chance. But those who are still searching (“open”) can attract a soul: Infants, or young people. I would like to claim that those persons who felt inspired by something “out of the blue”, or suddenly developed strange political ideas had a contracted such a wandering soul.
4. What happens when a soul hits an appropriate individual? Since every person has developed his own personality it cannot be taken over by a “foreign” will. But if the soul’s pattern match that of the new host the host can try to combine both ideologies. As a result the living individual may change his opinion about certain affairs, or react differently in some situations.
5. What happens to souls that are not attracted by an adequate host?
I believe that there is a certain time-frame for a soul to be incorporated into another human being. I think that the energy of the cloud will become weaker over the weeks or months. The energy is not lost but used to keep the information coherent. If this energy level falls below a certain level it becomes susceptible to magnetic power of stones (or other non-human realms). By this way nature cleanses the world from uselessly floating energy without wasting it. However, the primordial information will be deleted. In other words: Souls can disappear.
Karl wrote:But the biggest issue with what you say is that I cannot concieve a medium in which the soul pattern can carry from one to another.
Karl wrote:As I understand it the nature of who I am comes from two parts; Nature - my genetics as inherited from mother and father; and Nurture - every experience I have had since the moment of my birth. The pattern of my soul is imparted to me from the souls of every person I have contacted and learned from (good or bad).
Arcanum wrote:What if the soul and body never change....in a serial universe.
Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 1 guest
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ETFs have become popular among all walks of investors in part because of the granularity of exposure available; U.S. investors are able to access nearly every corner of the world through a single security. Before the advent of country-specific ETFs, many investors spread out their portfolios around the globe through broad-based global funds or stock of large multinational corporations that had their shares listed on American exchanges. However, now investors can buy a wide variety of companies domiciled in a particular country easily and cheaply thanks to ETFs. Currently, there are well over 30 countries that have an ETF tracking their national market, with many more in the pipeline.
While these ETFs have been instrumental in diversifying many investors portfolios in terms of geographic exposure, there are some nuances of which investors should be aware. The vast majority of these funds generally focus on one of three sectors; financials, industrial materials, or energy. A great example of this high level of concentration can be found in the most popular Australia ETF, the iShares MSCI Australia Index Fund (EWA). The fund allocates 46.1% of its assets to the financials sector and a further 24.4% to industrial materials; it has just 0.6% combined in the software and hardware sectors. However, this condition does not afflict just EWA; many other popular country ETFs have a similar breakdown. The Peru ETF (EPU) has about 54% of assets in industrial materials, while the Spain ETF (EWP) has 43% in financials. While this allocation pattern is not necessarily a bad thing, it highlights the importance of taking a look under the hood before buying. Below, we profile three country ETFs that might be able to offer investors seeking international exposure in a more high-tech oriented portfolio.
iShares MSCI South Korea Index Fund (EWY)
Not surprisingly, the ETF covering the dynamic technological leader of South Korea has a large allocation to tech sectors. EWY allocates 22.8% of its portfolio to the hardware sector with a 4.5% allocation towards telecommunication firms. The vast majority of this allocation to the tech sector comes from a large weighting to Samsung Electronics, which comprises 18% of the fund, by far the largest single holding. EWY, which charges an expense ratio of 0.63%, is down almost 8% thus far in 2010.
iShares MSCI Netherlands Index Fund (EWN)
A surprising country with a large allocation to technology sectors is the Netherlands. EWN offers investors a 16.5% allocation towards hardware and a 8.6% allocation to telecommunication companies by following the MSCI Netherlands Investable Market Index. Additionally, the largest sector in the fund is consumer goods, which tends to be underrepresented in country specific ETFs. In terms of individual holdings, Unilever (UL) makes up 16.9% and this is, followed by Phillips Electronics (PHG) which comprises 11% of assets. Like many funds in Europe, EWN is down on the year, posting a loss of about 17%.
iShares MSCI Taiwan Index Fund (EWT)
One country that has made a name for itself based on its technological prowess is Taiwan. EWT offers one of the highest allocations to the hardware sector out of any country ETF on the market, allocating about 43% of its assets to the sector. Additionally, the fund allocates just 6.7% to industrial materials and 0.8% to energy, an extremely low level compared to many other country specific ETFs. In terms of its individual holdings, EWT is dominated by Taiwan Semiconductor (TSM) (14%), and electronic manufacturing giant Hon Hai Precision Industries (HNHAF.PK) (9%). For more ways to play the Taiwan economy, see IndexIQ Launches Small Cap Taiwan ETF.
For investors seeking more of an emerging market play or for those seeking “pure play” exposure to technology related companies, Global X China Technology ETF (CHIB) may be an interesting choice. The fund tracks the S-BOX China Technology Index, which is designed to reflect the performance of the technology sector in China. The fund has a heavy allocation towards telecommunication companies, which make up about half of total assets, followed by large allocations towards software (16.6%), and hardware (15%) sectors as well. Some of its top individual holdings include internet search company Baidu (BIDU) and Ctrip.com (CTRP).
Disclosure: Eric is long EWA.
Disclaimer: ETF Database is not an investment advisor, and any content published by ETF Database does not constitute individual investment advice. The opinions offered herein are not personalized recommendations to buy, sell or hold securities. From time to time, issuers of exchange-traded products mentioned herein may place paid advertisements with ETF Database. All content on ETF Database is produced independently of any advertising relationships. Read the full disclaimer here.
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Miyazaki-jingu, located in the city of Miyazaki in Miyazaki Prefecture, is a shrine sacred to Japans first emperor, Jinmu. The present sanctuary was reconstructed here in 1907. The oshirafuji (white wisteria) in the shrine grounds is believed to be 600 years old, and has been designated a Natural Monument by the Japanese government. Old wisteria trees including this tree grow all over the shrine grounds. The shrine, famous for the magnificent flowering of these trees from middle to late April every year, bustles with visitors. The local people have taken great care to preserve the forest of the shrine, which is known as Jinmu-sama.'
Address: 2-4-1 Jingu, Miyazaki-shi, Miyazaki
Admission Fee: Free in the shrine precincts
[Walk]JR Miyazaki-jingu Stn./10-min. walk
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Heart-type FABP (H-FABP) Research Tools
Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) is a small protein located and released from a variety of cells including cardiac myocytes. Following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) H-FABP leaks from necrotic cells into the circulation. Significantly elevated serum/plasma concentrations are found within 3 hours after acute myocardial infarction, which generally return to normal levels within 12 to 24 hours.
These features make H-FABP a useful research tool for the early assessment of acute myocardial infarction. H-FABP has also been shown to be more effective than Troponin I in stratifying chronic heart failure patients.
Cambridge Bioscience offers a range of H-FABP assays, antibodies, peptides and recombinant proteins. Please click on the appropriate link below for further details.
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"The Party Line"
The worst Atlantic hurricane season on record still hadn't ended when the American Geophysical Union held its fall meeting in San Francisco in December 2005. Twelve thousand scientists packed themselves into the Moscone Center, the city's space-age mall of a conference facility, for lectures on topics such as the massive 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and the tsunami that it generated, and data beamed from NASA's Mars rovers and the Cassini spacecraft. Many of the presentations were being given on the center's upper levels, and security guards had to police the towering escalators just to prevent overcrowding.
MIT hurricane theorist Kerry Emanuel arrived on this scene riding a swell of fame that few researchers ever experience. A short man with striking blue-green eyes and a slightly surprised smile, Emanuel had just seen his latest work featured in a Time magazine cover story and would soon find it rated (along with the work of several colleagues) the top science story of the year by Discover. He was averaging five to ten media calls per week. Later, he would be named one of the hundred "Most Influential People of 2006," once again by Time. At the American Geophysical Union meeting, Emanuel had been slated to speak following another of Time's most influential: NASA's James Hansen, the nation's best-known climate scientist and the man sometimes dubbed the "father" of global warming.
The science presented at the average American Geophysical Union meeting features a heavy helping of catastrophe. Tornadoes, volcanoes, earthquakes, tsunamis — the proceedings offer a subject roster that Hollywood disaster-movie directors would appreciate. But that December, the cause of destruction at the front of everyone's mind was the strongest and deadliest storm on Earth, a meteorological monstrosity capable of churning out as much power as all the world's electricity generators combined: the tropical cyclone, typhoon, or, as we call it in the United States, the hurricane.
Katrina had wiped out New Orleans just a few months earlier.
On the day of Emanuel's talk — Tuesday, December 6 — Hurricane Epsilon whirled on in the North Atlantic some 600 miles southwest of the Azores. The aimless cyclone had already executed a full loop, completely reversing its original westward trajectory, and now began a southwest turn. Epsilon wasn't a particularly strong storm — its maximum sustained winds peaked at around 85 miles per hour — and it never seriously threatened land. But it was stubborn. Moreover, Epsilon had the distinction of being only the sixth hurricane ever recorded as occurring in the Atlantic during the month of December, as well as the twenty-seventh storm of a seemingly never-ending season — so never-ending, in fact, that forecasters had resorted to Greek letters after pre-assigned storm names — like Katrina, Rita, Wilma — ran out.
At the National Hurricane Center in Miami — a steel-reinforced concrete bunker of a building on the campus of Florida International University that was built to withstand Category 5 hurricanes and whose roof bristles with dishes and antennae — the experts awaited Epsilon's demise. With it, they hoped, would come the official end to the devastating 2005 season, and more than a few sighs of relief.
Traditionally, the hurricane season in the Atlantic basin — which comprises the North Atlantic, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico — begins on June 1 and ends on November 30. In 2005, however, nature had already toppled such bookends. And now, despite days of forecasts predicting steady weakening, Epsilon had held on to hurricane strength and even put on a few small bursts of intensification.
"I HAVE RUN OUT OF THINGS TO SAY . . .AND THIS ONE WILL BE SHORT," wrote Cuban-born forecaster Lixion Avila in an exasperated 4:00 a.m. discussion of the storm's progress, written in the all-caps and heavily elliptical style that remains the standard for weather communiqués.
"EPSILON APPEARS TO STILL BE A HURRICANE...BUT JUST BARELY," wrote forecaster Richard Knabb six hours later. "THE END IS IN SIGHT," echoed forecaster James Franklin at 10 that evening. "IT REALLY REALLY IS."
By the time Epsilon finally died down — having been for five days a hurricane, a December record — Kerry Emanuel had generated a tempest of his own in San Francisco. Speaking before a crowd of hundreds in one of the largest of the Moscone Center's high-ceilinged conference rooms, the normally cautious and apolitical scientist fired a shot straight at the bosses of government forecasters like Avila, Knabb, and Franklin.
Earlier in the day, the audience had heard the wiry Midwestern climatologist James Hansen warn that global warming could cause the disintegration of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets, triggering rises in sea level sufficient to inundate many of the globe's heavily inhabited coastal areas. After a break, Emanuel launched into a seemingly typical scientific talk, constructed out of PowerPoint images rather than paragraphs. He flashed slides demonstrating that although global tropical cyclone numbers do not show any obvious trend up or down — averaging about eighty to ninety per year in the world's six regularly active ocean basins — storms in the Atlantic and the Northwest Pacific had grown stronger and longer lasting over the past several decades, closely tracking a trend of rising temperatures at the surface of the oceans.
To explain this phenomenon, Emanuel then introduced a series of equations. These probably meant little to the nonscientists in the audience, but to specialists capable of reading the equations as if they were sentences, the message was clear: Increasing hurricane strength is linked to human enhancement of the greenhouse effect.
The Earth's atmosphere contains certain gases, such as carbon dioxide and water vapor, that have a very important property: They absorb infrared or "longwave" radiation and also emit it in all directions. As a result, these gases play a crucial role in regulating the flux of energy to and from the planet. Even as the sun's rays heat the Earth's surface, the Earth also emits radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum, with a longer wavelength than that of visible light. The "greenhouse gases" then absorb some of that outgoing heat radiation (which might otherwise escape into space), warm up, and emit more radiation back down toward the lower atmosphere and the Earth's surface. In the process, these gases keep our planet much warmer than it would be if it lacked an atmosphere.
Through industrial processes such as smokestack and tailpipe emissions, humans have been steadily increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. As a result, we've caused additional warming of the Earth's surface, lower atmosphere, and oceans — and that's where hurricanes come into the picture. Since these storms draw their power from the energy stored in tropical ocean waters, warmer seas should (everything else being equal) make them stronger.
This hypothesis — that hurricanes would intensify in a warmer world — had been around at least since 1987, published in that year by Emanuel himself. Theoretically based predictions, however, don't hit you in the gut like hard data. And by 2005, Emanuel was going beyond such predictions. He was saying, it's actually happening.
Anyone could see Emanuel's findings had potentially enormous implications. When they strike land, and especially when they strike places where people live, strong hurricanes cause dramatically more destruction than weak ones. Hurricane damage doesn't simply increase linearly with increasing wind speed; rather, it goes up much more steeply, in part because damaged structures (for example, the roof torn off a house) become missiles flung into other structures. It has been estimated that a land-falling Category 4 or 5 hurricane, with maximum sustained winds greater than 131 miles per hour, causes 64 times as much destruction as a Category 1 storm (winds from 74 to 95 mph) and 256 times as much as a mere tropical storm (winds up to and including 73 mph). Emanuel was telling his audience that we're helping transform more and more hurricanes into monstrous citysmashers. If true, the discovery would rank as one of the most dramatic manifestations yet of human-caused global warming — and perhaps the most terrifying.
Emanuel's scientific message was breathtaking enough, but he took it farther. He showed a slide featuring a statement from the man who was then director of the National Hurricane Center, Max Mayfield, asserting that the dramatic upswing in Atlantic hurricane activity since the year 1995 sprang from "natural fluctuations" and was "not enhanced substantially by global warming." This Emanuel somewhat derisively dubbed the "party line" of the Bush administration's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), a branch of the Department of Commerce that includes the hurricane center as well as numerous other scientific and forecasting branches, ranging from the National Climatic Data Center to the National Marine Fisheries Service.
In his next slide, Emanuel juxtaposed the NOAA "party line" with a statement he attributed to an unnamed agency scientist: "I have been told not to speak with reporters about the connection between global warming and hurricanes without prior permission from NOAA management." According to Emanuel, the unidentified scientist worked at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) in Princeton, New Jersey, a hub for research on climate change employing sophisticated computer models of the atmosphere and the oceans. On the one hand, scientists at GFDL have pioneered a cutting-edge hurricane model that the forecasters in Miami rely heavily upon in their day-today storm tracking. But GFDL researchers have also taken a much longer view, producing a series of studies similarly suggesting that global warming will increase the strength of the average hurricane over the course of the twenty-first century.
Some in the audience had heard stories about NOAA stifling the ability of its scientists to speak freely to the media about hurricanes and global warming, or about global warming in general. They had also seen an agency publication claim a "consensus" among its hurricane specialists on this question, asserting that they accepted what Emanuel had defined as the "party line." So the audience was primed for what came next. Emanuel, almost in passing, stated his opinion that NOAA really ought to stop censoring its scientists. It was antithetical to science (which thrives on the open exchange of ideas). It had to stop.
The statement was political, but it wasn't delivered in a mode of political oratory. Emanuel didn't bang his fist on the podium, much less raise it. That's not his style. He simply resumed his presentation, neatly bracketing his political remark with hard science.
Nevertheless, Emanuel's brief suspension of scientific etiquette had struck a chord. The room erupted with applause.
If Emanuel had issued a verbal challenge to the government's hurricane forecasting community, the Atlantic would soon issue yet another meteorological one.
In his final dispatch on Epsilon, Lixion Avila had declared, "I HOPE THIS IS THE END OF THE LONG LASTING 2005 HURRICANE SEASON." It wasn't. Several weeks later, the ocean and atmosphere served up Tropical Storm Zeta, noteworthy not for its strength but for its timing. The storm formed in the central Atlantic some 675 miles northwest of the Cape Verde Islands on December 30, fully a month after the season's official endpoint. "ALTHOUGH THE ATMOSPHERE SEEMS TO WANT TO DEVELOP TROPICAL STORMS AD NAUSEAM," quipped forecaster James Franklin when Zeta appeared, "THE CALENDAR WILL SHORTLY PUT AN END TO THE USE OF THE GREEK ALPHABET TO NAME THEM."
The calendar did not put an end to Zeta, however. Like Epsilon, the storm didn't die when it was supposed to. Zeta never became a hurricane, but it clung tenaciously to life. Frustrating and confounding forecasts, the storm stayed organized until January 6, 2006, in the process shattering a few last seasonal hurricane records. In his farewell to the storm and the 2005 season—during which he and his fellow storm-trackers had collectively put in hundreds of overtime hours—forecaster Stacy Stewart expressed his amazement and exhaustion alike:
I SUPPOSE IT IS ONLY FITTING THAT THE RECORDBREAKING 2005 ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON ENDS WITH A RECORD BREAKING STORM. TODAY... ZETA SURPASSED 1954 ALICE #2 AS THE LONGESTLIVED TROPICAL CYCLONE TO FORM IN DECEMBER AND CROSS OVER INTO THE NEXT YEAR. ZETA WAS ALSO THE LONGEST-LIVED JANUARY TROPICAL CYCLONE. IN ADDITION. . .ZETA RESULTED IN THE 2005 SEASON HAVING THE LARGEST ACCUMULATED CYCLONE ENERGY...OR ACE . . . SURPASSING THE 1950 SEASON. SO. . .UNTIL THE 2006 SEASON BEGINS. . . UNLESS ZETA SOMEHOW MAKES AN UNLIKELY MIRACLE COMEBACK...THIS IS THE NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER SIGNING OFF FOR 2005. . .FINALLY.
It was, at long last, the end of a staggering hurricane year. And it was a beginning: the launch of a full-scale scientific and political battle over the relationship between hurricanes and global warming that would bring out the best, and occasionally the worst, in two groups of researchers whose areas of expertise overlap so much that they might be considered siblings — climate scientists on the one hand, and hurricane and weather forecasters on the other.
This is their story, first set in its historical context and then told as it unfolded across the dramatic hurricane years of 2004, 2005, and 2006. It's a narrative of scientific understanding developing in real time, in all of its inevitable messiness, under immense political pressure and in the full glare of media scrutiny. Scientists, like hurricanes, do extraordinary things at high wind speeds. Such conflicts may bring out their human side, but also inspire their very best work.
To grasp the roots of the present dispute, however, we must first glance back to the great "American Storm Controversy" of the nineteenth century, which featured a divide between scientists similar in many respects to the one that exists today. And we must visit the heroic post–World War II storm-flying era of hurricane research, when the mentors of the scientists embroiled in the current hurricane–global warming argument conducted their most important studies. This history reveals how longstanding personal and methodological schisms among meteorologists have, like a hurricane's steering currents, helped guide us to the present moment — and how they explain, at least as much as present-day political alignments, why the hurricane–climate debate became so charged and even, at times, venomous.
Scientists disagree constantly, of course. That's not news. But rarely has there been quite as much on the line. If we're really making the deadliest storms on Earth still deadlier, it will represent one of humanity's all-time greatest foot-shooting episodes. Short of a collapse of the Greenland or West Antarctic ice sheets, it's hard to imagine many hypothesized manifestations of global warming more likely to shock the public, or to generate a call to action. The 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change announced the goal of preventing "dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system," and while the term "dangerous" was never explicitly defined, surely increasing the intensity of the average hurricane would fit the bill.
With stakes such as these — and with special interests on both sides eager to spin the latest science to their advantage — the circulation of ideas in the hurricane–global warming argument could easily attain gale force. Add to this an administration that has shown a strong tendency to suppress or twist inconvenient scientific information pertaining to global warming; a historically rooted and methodologically grounded rivalry between two groups of scientists studying the same meteorological phenomenon from very different vantage points; and a towering figure of American hurricane science, William Gray of Colorado State University, who rejects entirely the notion that humans have been causing substantial global warming, and whose students hold positions of great scientific influence; and you have the makings of the perfect hurricane.
Excerpted from Storm World © 2007 by Chris Mooney. Reprinted by permission of Harcourt, Inc.
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Type: Study (book)
Subject: Energy efficiency, Energy policy, Statistics
On the occasion of its 35th Anniversary in 2009, the International Energy Agency published the first edition of the IEA Scoreboard focusing on 35 Key Energy Trends over 35 Years. In parallel, the IEA published Implementing Energy Efficiency Policies: Are IEA Member Countries on Track? Both publications found that although IEA member countries were making progress in implementing energy efficiency, more work is needed.
In the 2011 edition of the Scoreboard, the IEA has decided to focus on energy efficiency. The publication combines analysis of energy efficiency policy implementation and recent indicator development. The resulting IEA Scoreboard 2011 provides a fuller picture of the progress as well as the challenges with implementing energy efficiency policy in IEA member countries.
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in reply to
Random thoughts on programming
- If you think you need to optimize, always profile your code first. Use Devel::Dprof for perl scripts, DBIx::Profile for DBI code, Apache::Dprof for mod_perl apps.
- Explore, Learn and Study CPAN. Look often at the recent uploads list. You never know when a module will come out that will allow you to re-factor out code from existing systems. Remember, even the most brilliant people understood the value of learning from those who came before:
"If I have seen further it is by standing on ye shoulders of Giants." --Isaac Newton Feb 5, 1676
- Look at the source code of the CPAN modules you use. Worst case, you will learn some interesting uses for perl, best case you'll learn more efficient ways to use those common modules you thought you knew everything about.
- Format and comment your code as if you are going to return to it later for instruction. File the location of this code in your memory (or better yet docs), because if you need to do something similar you have a pre-existing code base. Learn to bootstrap your future development using custom made documentation and examples.
- Find a good text editor. Learn it well.
- Get involved in PerlMonks.
- The teacher will sometimes learn more than the student. By trying to explain a concept to another person, it's like you're learning it all over again.
- Keep everything as simple as possible. Write the least amount of code to get the job done. Just given the law of averages your likelyhood of making mistakes goes down. Besides that, the less you need to keep in your head at once, the more likely you are to understand the bigger picture.
- Understanding needs to come before automation, otherwise you will be doomed to solve your problem again, and duplicate the effort to re-automate it. I always solve the problem proceduraly before making objects, keep paper records before making a database, and design interfaces in HTML before making CGI's. Even though this doesn't always return perfect results, IMHO I believe the answer I come up with is usually closer to the ideal than without this methodolgy.
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On top of all the other hardships they face daily, adolescent students living with a disability or chronic illness are more likely to be victims of bullying from their peers at school, a new French and Irish study finds.
We were not overly surprised to learn that children with disability are more vulnerable to bullying, because of a lower self-esteem, sometimes differences in appearance or because they have special needs, said lead author Mariane Sentenac, of the University Paul Sabatier in Toulouse, France.
Sentenac and her colleagues used data from the Irish and French 2006 Health Behavior in School-aged Children World Health Organization collaborative study. In all, 12,048 students ages 11, 13 and 15 participated. The findings appear online in the Journal of Adolescent Health.
Students responded to items on how frequently they had experienced bullying at school in the past couple of months. They also answered questions on whether they had a disability or chronic illness such as cerebral palsy, diabetes, arthritis or allergy. Twenty percent of the students in Ireland and 16.6 percent in France reported having one of these conditions.
The study showed that students who reported having a disability or chronic illness no matter where they lived were more likely to be experience bullying from peers than those who did not. For instance, in France, 41 percent of boys with a disability or chronic illness reported undergoing bullying compared with 32 percent of boys without. Gender, however, was not a factor boys and girls were victims equally often.
In addition, when students with a disability or chronic illness were restricted from participating in school activities, they had a 30 percent additional risk of being bullied.
Mark Schuster, M.D., professor of pediatrics at Childrens Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, said that bullying of children with disabilities is a definite problem in the United States as well.
Unfortunately, children who stand out in any way, because of their health, their race, their orientation, or anything else that distinguishes them from most kids in a school, can find themselves a target of bullying, Schuster said.
The study suggested better family communication and anti-bullying prevention programs could help reverse this trend.
In my view, good relations with teachers and parents could play an important role in preventing and detecting bullying behaviors between students because they are in a position to observe two different aspects of the adolescents life, Sentenac said.
Explore further: Genetic predictors of postpartum depression uncovered
More information: Sentenac M, et al. Victims of bullying among students with a disability or chronic illness and their peers: a cross-national study between Ireland and France. J Adol Health online, 2010.
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We’ve always got a fresh selection of new business bestsellers at Bartley Room 1005. Stop by and check one out!
The Grand Pursuit Review by Choice Review Robert Heilbroner’s The Worldly Philosophers (1953; 7th ed., 1999) educated generations with its sweeping story of how great economists from Adam Smith to John Maynard Keynes accounted for the ways of the modern economy. Nasar’s Grand Pursuit is a worthy successor to Heilbroner’s story, but her tale is both more and less ambitious than Heilbroner’s. Her focus is narrower, for one thing, but, as a consequence, it is richer and teaches more about economics. Nasar (Columbia Univ. School of Journalism), a former economics journalist, now gives a grand but not overly generalized story of the ideas of a set of thinkers who transformed economics in the 20th century. Beginning really with Alfred Marshall and the Webbs, Nasar provides a history of the interlocking relationship of ideas among Joseph Schumpeter, John Maynard Keynes, F. A. Hayek, Joan Robinson, and Amartya Sen. Her story tells readers that there is more to the 20th century than the Keynes-Hayek debate (compare to Nicholas Wapshott’s Keynes Hayek, CH, Jan’12, 49-2797). Summing Up: Highly recommended. All readership levels. R. B. Emmett James Madison College, Michigan State University Copyright American Library Association, used with permission.
Beyond the Keynesian Endpoint Front Cover Copy During the Great Depression, legendary British economist John Maynard Keynes advocated using government money to fill the economic void until consumer spending and business investment recovered. But what happens when governments can’t do that anymore? That’s “The Keynesian Endpoint”: when the money runs out before the economy has been rescued, and investors refuse to accept any more sovereign debt.
That’s where we are. In the United States and worldwide, debt-fueled spending programs devised to cure the global financial crisis have morphed into poison. Exhausted national balance sheets have left policy makers with few viable options to bolster economic growth, pointing leaders and citizens toward brutal choices that were previously unimaginable.
In Beyond the Keynesian Endpoint, PIMCO Executive Vice President, portfolio manager, and market strategist Tony Crescenzi illuminates the frightening new world we now inhabit. Crescenzi dissects each scenario swirling around the mounting global debt crisis and reveals its profound implications for governments, investors, and the global economy.
Car Guys v. Bean Counters Review by Kirkus Book ReviewA former top GM executive and avowed gearhead warns against the advance of soulless number-crunchers clueless about the hands-on details of the car business.To Lutz (Guts: 8 Laws of Business from One of the Most Innovative Business Leaders of Our Time, 2003), it’s not rocket science: Design and build the cars and trucks that customers want, and the rest will fall into place. This was his job as a GM vice chairman from 2001 to 2010. At the tableif not running the meetingwhen most of the big decisions came down, the author, now in his late 70s, was often appalled by youthful bean-counting MBAs with their 4.0 GPAs but no common car sense.What matters, Lutz argues, is having on board at least one automotive artist with the talent to design desirable new cars. The author’s talent, equally rare, was recognizing a good design, or a bad one drawn to bean-counter specs. His frequent criticism of the press is sometimes churlish, as when he alleges that unnecessarily harsh and ill-informed lefty journalism gave the Hummer H2on which he signed offan unjustifiably bad rep. He closes with the recognition that having a media-savvy, talking-head CEO is now a must and in the best interest of the business in which he worked for 47 years. The author also predicts GM’s battery-and-gas-powered Volt will dominate the highways of the future, and he includes close accounts of GM’s 2009 bankruptcy, government bailout and subsequent reemergence as a trimmed-down shadow of its former corporate self.Well worth the rideif not necessarily the car.]] Copyright Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.
The Next Convergence Review by Booklist ReviewCo ntrary to his book’s title, Nobel Prize-winning economist Spence does less prognosticating than one might expect. Indeed, early on he shares a chart showing just how inaccurately economists predicted growth during the 1990s. Instead, he offers a comprehensive summary of the forces at play in today’s global economy: removal of trade barriers, the lightning-fast transfer of knowledge from developed to emerging economies, global demand, resources, the role of national and international governments, and the management (or not) of currency rates, among others. Spence’s style is pretty flat (Where’s John Kenneth Galbraith when we need him?), and he seems to underestimate the looming role of climate change in any economic scenario. Yet his status report could give attentive readers a more empowered role in their own economic future.–Moores, Ala. Copyright 2010 Booklist
The Wizard of Lies Front Cover Copy Who is Bernie Madoff, and how did he pull off the biggest Ponzi scheme in history? This question has fascinated people ever since the news broke about the New York financier who swindled his friends, relatives, and other investors out of $65 billion. And in The Wizard of Lies, Diana B. Henriques of The New York Times has written the definitive book on the man and his scheme, drawing on unprecedented access and more than one hundred interviews, including Bernie Madoff’s first interviews for publication since his arrest. Henriques also provides vivid details from the lawsuits and government investigations that explode the myths that have come to surround the story, and in a revised and expanded epilogue she unravels the latest legal developments. A true-life financial thriller, The Wizard of Lies contrasts Madoff’s remarkable rise on Wall Street with dramatic scenes from his accelerating slide toward self-destruction. It is also the most complete account of the heartbreaking personal disasters and landmark legal battles triggered by Madoff’s downfall – the suicides, business failures, fractured families, shuttered charities – and the clear lessons this timeless scandal offers to Washington, Wall Street, and Main Street.
In the Plex: How Google Works, Thinks and Shapes Our Lives Review by Publisher’s Weekly Review The contradictions of the Internet search behemoth are teased apart in this engaging, slightly starry-eyed business history. Wired magazine writer Levy (Hackers) insightfully recaps Google’s groundbreaking search engine and fabulously profitable online ad-brokering business, and elucidates the cutting-edge research and hard-nosed cost-efficiencies underlying them. He also regales readers with the “Googley” corporate culture of hip techno-capitalism: the elitist focus on braininess, the campus game rooms, the countercultural rectitude of billionaire founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin (which can read more like puerile arrogance as they roller-blade into meetings with business-suited squares). Levy’s narrative updates a familiar portrait of the company, with breathless accounts of recent innovations. He offers a smart analysis of the tensions between Google’s “‘Don’t Be Evil’” slogan and its censorship of its Chinese Web site and the privacy implications of its drive to sponge up all information-but he accepts Google’s blinkered conception of e-ethics and its demands for huge tax breaks with too much complacency. (Apr.) (c) Copyright PWxyz, LLC. All rights reserved.
Lifeblood Review by Publisher’s Weekly Review Perry (Falling Off the Edge) examines the struggle to fight malaria, which infects more than 708,000 people a year-mostly children-in his important, clear-eyed study of the epidemic. In his travels in Uganda and throughout Africa, Perry saw the casualties of the mosquito-borne disease firsthand, and his analysis draws on his conversations with doctors and diplomats, grieving parents, and frustrated aid workers. For decades scientists have known that the disease can be virtually eradicated by a combination of insect-killing chemicals and bed nets, costing only $10 a piece. Sadly, malaria is “a genocide of apathy,” in which governmental and aid agencies consistently fall short in their attempts to stop the spread of the disease. Combining business acumen with humanitarian goals, independent activists like Ray Chambers have achieved major advances against the epidemic while global health organizations have fallen short. Malaria costs Africa $30-$40 billion each year, Chambers tells Perry, and points out that his work-distributing 42 million bed nets to Nigeria, “didn’t just save lives. It saved money too.” In this compulsively readable primer on a devastating epidemic, Perry shows how Chambers’s approach-creating economic incentives and emphasizing local action over top-down mandates-offers a daring new model for tackling one of the most intractable crises of our time. (Sept.) (c) Copyright PWxyz, LLC. All rights reserved.
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Dvivid wrote:Yeniseri - I think you might be confused.
"Hard" does not pertain to "difficulty". These are two distinct styles of qigong, and a form (such as Five Animals) is one or the other. Sometimes a sequence will have both soft and hard movements, or a style can be considered soft/hard, such as Xingyi and White Crane, where the body is entirely loose except at the moment of impact.
Hard qigong utilizes twisting the joints and tensing the muscles during the practice, in order to build the physical body. Muscular tension "traps" Qi into the bones, tendons, ligaments, muscles.
Soft qigong uses as little muscular tension as possible, to circulate Qi as abundantly as possible within the movement, and develop the energetic circulation. Soft, flowing, circular movements, while circulating through the four gates, increases the Qi circulation in the meridians and vessels, conditions the fascia, and clears blockages.
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In 2007, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) issued the Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS). This regulation (6 CFR §27) directs the DHS to identify, assess, and ensure the effective security of chemicals at high-risk chemical facilities. Pursuant to this new legislation, the university is required to maintain a current chemical inventory of all hazardous chemicals listed on the DHS Appendix A — Chemicals of Interest (PDF). This list contains those chemicals that have been determined by DHS to pose a potential security risk related to their release, theft, diversion, sabotage or contamination and/or chemicals that have been deemed critical to the national economy or governmental mission.
In order to ensure Ohio University’s compliance with the Department of Homeland Security’s Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standard, and to ensure the proper security and safety of our chemicals, the OHIO University Chemical Security Council will procedurally define the inventorying and reporting structure. The Chemical Security Council will also procedurally define how Ohio University will keep inventories of Chemicals of Interest below the reporting threshold as defined in Appendix A of the Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standard.
All Laboratories are required to complete this survey and return it to my office. This survey must be completed annually and upon initial start-up of any laboratory. This form must also be used to inform this office anytime Chemicals of Interest are ordered.
Please follow this link to find out more about the Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards
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Farmers of the Negev
Desert MagicMoshav Kadesh Barnea
Chami created a small preserving business out of his home eight years ago which quickly took off and expanded. Using the fruits and vegetables grown at his Moshav, right on the border with Sinai, his line of products offers a delicious taste of the desert. Many of the workers of this operation are from a nearby youth village where young Olim come to learn Hebrew.
In August 2011, Chami and his wife Oksana made the decision to close down their factory for a year in order to embark on a voyage they are calling the Israeli Family Project. By taking this journey, they hope to do their part to change the way Israel is viewed abroad by visiting dozens of countries and holding meetings throughout the world.
Contact Information: firstname.lastname@example.org
See their website: WWW.IL-FAMILY.COM
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CeBIT 2010: Linux Successes, Challenges
At the Open Source Forum of CeBIT 2010, the Linux Foundation's Jim Zemlin named three reasons for Linux's success. He also identified three possible challenges for the free platform.
"Every occupant in the Western world, every stock exchange uses Linux daily," Zemlin began his talk, "whether it is in a Google search or a mobile phone." After 18 years of existence, Linux is ubiquitous, Zemlin reported.
He continued by supporting his assertion with facts: 2,700,000 lines of code went into the 2009 kernel. Ninety percent of the kernel authors work primarily on the Linux core, which has long since lost amateur project status. It would cost a company $10.8 billion to build a Linux kernel from scratch, while Linux firms are already earning $50 billion annually in the enterprise market.
Zemlin mentioned three trends that would ensure Linux's further success. First, Linux saves money, which is a major competitive advantage during the world financial crisis. Second, the platform is compatible with every new class of device where a mobile phone and computer converge. The Linux Foundation is already active with Intel and Nokia in this respect on the MeeGo project. Televisions, e-book readers, and digital photo frames are also candidates for Linux platforms.
The third factor favoring Linux is the market move away from products to services. SaaS runs on Linux and open source software. Google runs on Linux. Mobile operators profit from their services, with customers getting the phone or netbook as a bonus, thanks to Linux without its licensing fees.
Next to presenting this generally positive future outlook, Zemlin also identified some challenges that Linux must face. As always, these include Linux's standardization that would guarantee interoperability. One way to address this is through the Linux Standard Base (LSB) internal to the Linux Foundation. The second factor is the ongoing legal adversity. "In the U.S.," said Zemlin, "patents are a catastrophe. Too much is patented." Here common legal defense has been active in the form of organizations such as the Software Freedom Law Center and the Linux Legal Defense Fund. Lastly, the world of free software needs to learn a bit from Apple to make its products more user-friendly and fine-tune their outward appearance. The software ought to be "free and fabulous."
How to support all this? Zemlin naturally suggested becoming a member of the Linux Foundation.
Longtime litigator revives an ancient suit against IBM alleging Linux infringes on Unix copyrights.
Specialty distro keeps the focus on advanced learning.
The openSUSE Conference will be held July 18-22, 2013, at the Olympic Museum in Thessaloniki, Greece.
Security breached at home sites of the CMS project.
Lead Java developer vows policy changes and more attention to fixing problems.
Vendor D-Wave scores big with a sale to NASA's Quantum Intelligence Lab.
Many package updates and Steam integration highlight the latest from the Mandriva-based community Linux.
Richard Stallman calls for the W3C to remain independent of vendor interests.
The new release supports nine architectures, 73 human languages, and zero non-Free components.
Fedora developers release the first alpha version of Fedora 19, known as Schrödinger’s Cat, for general testing. The final release is expected in July 2013.
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The high winds that ramped up the fire danger are expected to gradually decrease throughout the weekend, the National Weather Service said.
The wind warning expired Friday afternoon, Oct. 26, and has been replaced by a wind advisory, which means winds could blow as hard as 35 mph. The advisory is expected to expire early Saturday afternoon.
The high-pressure system that brought the gusty winds will continue to slowly weaken through Sunday. There is a slight chance of an isolated gust to 58 mph or greater in passes and canyons, the Weather Service said.
People should watch for blowing dust and downed tree limbs and power lines.
Winds of 25 mph that gusted to 45 mph pushed flames on Friday through 342 acres in the Sierra Fire in Fontana. No structures were reported damaged.
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The LightHouse Arabia Conducts “Child Guidance Parenting” Seminars for General Public in UAE
Dr. Saliha Afridi Addresses the Learning Skills Required to Equip Children and Family with the Compass to Navigate the Ever-Changing Seas of Today's Society
March 17, 2013 3:47 by melbatta
The Lighthouse Arabia, the first mental health clinic providing community-wide accessible psychological services and community education in the UAE, is set to stage a series of ”Child Guidance Parenting” seminars for the general public in the UAE. The parenting lectures are part of The LightHouse’s community outreach and commitment to use education as prevention and to promote good communication and strong relationships between parents and children.
The lectures take place on a monthly basis at the Lighthouse Arabia clinic in Dubai and are conducted by Dr. Saliha Afridi, PsyD, Licensed Clinical Psychologist and the Managing Director of The LightHouse Arabia, where she will address the learning skills required to equip children and family with the compass they will need to navigate the ever-changing seas of today’s society.
“The objective of the seminars is to help parents raise their kids in a less stressful way while employing kindness and firmness at the same time, without being punitive or permissive,” stated Dr. Afridi.
“We are part of this society and our objective is to engage and give back to the community in which we operate. We believe that one of the best ways to give back is to start with how we bring up our future generations that will in turn help shape and heal the world,” she also added.
The seminars are conducted on a monthly basis and will discuss topics revolving around “Child Guidance Parenting” where each month a new topic will be raised and deliberated. Examples of the topics include:
- Importance of using values to raise responsible kids
- Raising children in the i-Age – How modern day technology affects and plays a role in our childrens’ lives and their positive and negative impacts
- Raising encouraged children
- The good divorce – How to handle divorce in positive ways when children are involved
More topics and details on each lecture will be announced to public on The LightHouse Arabia website at www.lighthousearabia.com
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As we continue our look at sex offenders, we hear from those who've survived the trauma and psychological damage of being victimized.
According to a study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-- in 2011, more than one and three women in the United States has experienced rape, physical violence and or stalking by an intimate partner in their lifetime.
Eyewitness news reporter Jennifer Lee had a chance to sit down with two area women who survived two different types of sex abuse.
Kimberly Klock says she's been sexually abused throughout her childhood.
Now she is fifty-years-old and is speaking out to help others.
But, Kimberly is not alone.
Another sex crimes survivor - who we'll call "Cee-Cee," as she doesn't want her identity revealed, says she simply overlooked one rule her parents taught her as a child: don't talk to strangers.
Today she speaks at area colleges and is getting by one day at a time.
Six-years-old, that's how far back Kimberly Klock can remember when she would get quote "back rubs" from one of her loved ones.
"when he was babysitting-- when my parents would go out, he was in charge of us. I grew up thinking this is what family members do because it started at such a young age," explains Kimberly.
But as the years went on, Kimberly says it was more than just family members. She says there were a total of four abusers in her childhood.
She was 14 years old - and she finally spoke up and told her brother about the abuse.
"My parents did nothing. I was to confront the abuser by myself. It was more like don't talk about it. It's bad to talk about it. So I thought it was all my fault and that i was the bad one," says Kimberly.
Three years later, the second time Kimberly tried to seek help; she says it was unsuccessful, yet again.
"I mean the first time it's all your fault. The second time no one believes you. So you just stop talking, "says Kimberly.
Fast forward 23 years, Kimberly got married, started a family, but also finally broke her silence.
"I just kept it in. Nobody knew my past. I didn't want anybody to know that I was broken. Not until one of my loved ones got hurt. It brought back all the feelings and all the pain. And then I exploded. It all came out," explains Kimberly.
As the years passed by, one of Kimberly's offenders died and she says she's just trying to move on.
Cee-Cee was 19- years-old when she was brutally raped in a gas station parking lot at three in the morning.
It was a cold night she recalls, bundled up in her winter clothes.
She says she was going to a house party when a high school friend tried to make a move on her. She refused his advances and then was punched him in the face.
That's when she was kicked out of the car, stranded in a parking lot in Utica - with a dead cellphone, crying and no one in sight to help, except for a man by the name of David Lipiec.
She says a car pulled up and he called out her name.
"And I was like yea? And I mean he must have heard the girl in the front seat screaming my name as they were driving away. This didn't process in my head at the time. He said I know your mom I work with her. Do you need a ride? In that situation I just wanted to go home," explains Cee-Cee.
But, she says she didn't think about one simple rule she learned back in kindergarten: to not talk to strangers. Cee-Cee says she got in the car with a person she believed was a family friend...
"We were just making small talk and finally when i told him to take a left at the end of route 690. He took a right. I said what are you doing? You're going the wrong way. He just didn't say anything to me. I tried to roll the window down and I'm screaming, but he's pulling the window up on his side," says Cee-Cee.
At one point Cee-Cee says she tried to escape.
She got out of the car and "he got out of the car and all I heard was the noise of tape being pulled apart that you would wrap a package with. And next thing you know is he tackles me from behind and it's being wrapped around me," says Cee-Cee.
Cee-Cee says it was like a scene out of a horror movie, and she was the hopeless girl who was about to lose her life.
But, somehow Cee-Cee gained control and was on top of him, choking him.
He started to plea with her and told her he would take her back to where she wanted to go.
She says she got back in the car and gave him directions to a familiar area, at a gas station.
"When he pulled in I said thank you and I tried to get out of the car. He said you aren't going anywhere yet-- and he said not until you give me what I want. I tried pleaded with him I told him about my family and I even made up a lie saying I was pregnant," explains Cee-Cee.
She was raped in that parking lot, screaming for help, but no one heard her that night.
Cee-Cee says she pulled up her pants and tried to get out of the car, but he wasn't having it.
He told her she was coming home with him.
She started to plead with him again and tried to think of ways to get out of the car.
"I said I need to get cigarettes. And he said I have cigarettes. I said nope I'm picky I only smoke Newport's I will not smoke your kind. He said fine. Go inside speak to nobody and come back right out," says Cee-Cee.
Cee-Cee got out of the car, ran inside, and locked the doors, where the cashier called the police.
January 31st 2009 was the night she says her world was turned upside down.
Although her offender was caught and is in prison for now, she says she will never be the same girl she was before, the happy-go-lucky kind of girl she says.
But, both Cee-Cee and Kimberly now say they try not to let their traumatic experience rule their lives.
Rather they like to tell their stories to bring awareness to others.
"I want people to hear my story and be like oh my god this could have been my daughter my niece my grandchild. It can happen right here," says Cee-Cee.
Both Kimberly and Cee-Cee have reached out to the YWCA in Utica and Herkimer.
They both say they want people to know they are not victims of sexual abuse, rather survivors of it.
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Posts tagged boston globe
The largest verified impact crater on Earth, Vredefort Crater in South Africa. Measuring a staggering 250 – 300 km (155 – 186 miles) across, this crater was formed over 2 billion years ago by an asteroid estimated 10 km (6 miles) in size.
Google Sightseeing is a great blog which in its own words states ‘ why bother seeing the world for real’ when you can use Google Earth! Well I guess it helps reduce the impact to the environment as a consequence of flying to these locations.
Anyway this blog posting has a great range of impact craters to explore
Some incredible if disturbing images of Haiti from the Boston Globe. The pictures of residents sleeping in the street and the images of some of the shattered neighbourhoods begin to put a sense of scale on things. But do we feel increasingly detached looking through the window of the internet at these scenes as we become desensitised to suffering.
Six days later the situation had improved slightly.
This article in the Guardian is good at explaining the differences between the neighbouring Dominican Republic and Haiti in particular focusing on the issue of deforestation. Haiti is 98% deforested!.
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As the Fibre Channel Industry Association's (FCIA) SANMark program passes its second birthday, there are enough vendors with SANMark certified products to make it worth looking for the SANMark logo on SAN components to help ensure interoperability.
SANMark is designed to test SANs and SAN components against existing standards, specifically the FC-SW-2 SAN standard. It aims to demonstrate conformance to the standards, and hence interoperability in real-world situations. Products that pass the test suites can use the SANMark logo.
The SANMark program consists of a number of test suites, each aimed at verifying interoperability of a different part of the FC-SW-2 standard. For example SCD (SAN Conformance Document) SCD-1001 tests cables to be sure they can handle worst-case stress. Others SCDs test things like operation with Registered State Change Notifications (RSCNs) that a device will be visible and able to locate other devices on the name server if they are in the same zone and invisible if they are not in the same zone.
The suites are designed to exercise the capabilities of the products being tested against the specification and to test efficiency as well as functionality. In other words the SANMark suites not only tell if two products work together under the standard, but they indicate how well they work together.
Although the SANMark logo can be used as an indication of interoperability, the main purpose of the SANMark tests is to help vendors
It's important to note that the SANMark suites are not designed to test conformance to every aspect of every part of the FC-SW-2 specification. Instead the suites are concentrated on potential problem areas.
Rick Cook has been writing about mass storage since the days when the term meant an 80K floppy disk. The computers he learned on used ferrite cores and magnetic drums. For the last twenty years he has been a freelance writer specializing in storage and other computer issues.
For more information:
This was first published in December 2002
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My father is 82 years old and just woke up with blindness in one eye from wet macular degeneration; he is to have surgery with a specialist very soon. What are the probabilities this will help restore sight and what does he face for recovery? [ 03/08/13 ]
Wet age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) can cause vision loss for a variety of reasons, but most of these reasons are not treated with surgery. The prognosis and visual recovery depend on the exact reason why the wet ARMD caused vision loss, and exactly what surgery is being done. These questions are best directed toward your retina specialist, as the amount of damage done to the retina by wet ARMD, both acutely and chronically, can widely affect the possibility for visual recovery down the road.
Is there research evidence showing a link between new macular bleeding and warfarin use with INR kept between 2 and 3? I am on warfarin and acetylsalicylic acid as a result of AMIx2 and chronic atrial fibrillation. I also have had Avastin shots for four years with recent renewed bleeding. Thank you for your thoughts. [ 03/08/13 ]
There are reports linking warfarin use with development of wet age-related macular degeneration/macular bleeding. According to a 2003 research report in Heart, Volume 89, issue 9, p.985, it is recommended that the international normalized ratio (INR) be kept on the lower end of the recommended range in patients with a history of or recent diagnosis of wet macular degeneration/macular bleeding. Your eye doctor can provide you with more detailed information about your specific situation.
I am a 46-year-old female in excellent health. I do not smoke or drink, have no history of medical issues, including macular degeneration. My grandparents lived till mid-nineties with only cataract issues. My blurry vision appeared suddenly after a three day episode with a sty on the upper right lid. It has been two weeks and I still see no improvement. The doctor did say I have some blood vessels swelling near the macula. Does this seem possible or could there be another issue causing the swelling? If I had a scratched cornea would that get picked up in the exam? ARED vitamins were the doctor's solution. This is pretty potent stuff, so I am hesitant. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated. Thanks! [ 03/08/13 ]
Your symptoms could be caused from a variety of conditions, some benign and some vision threatening. However, the vast majority of both types of conditions would be detected on an exam. For example, a scratched cornea can usually be picked up on an exam. AREDS vitamins have only been shown to be beneficial for patients with a certain type of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). If you do not have ARMD, the oral supplements may be of unclear benefit. You may find value from a second opinion by a retina specialist especially if you have swelling near the macular or retinal blood vessel changes. Please take your records from your first exam to your second opinion appointment.
I have dry macular degeneration. Does taking aspirin affect the onset of wet macular degeneration? [ 12/20/12 ]
Some studies have reported an increased association between aspirin consumption and a slight increase in rates of various types of late-stage age-related macular degeneration (AMD. This theory is still undergoing study, as the association shown does not prove cause and effect. In other words, these studies do not explain how aspirin might be causing increased progression of AMD, only that it people at higher risk for AMD are often taking aspirin. Aspirin is often prescribed against pain and heart disease, and is used regularly by about nearly 1 in 5 people in the US.
It is always prudent to consult your physician(s) before taking supplements and either over-the-counter or prescription medications. Your physician will be able to help balance potential risks against the other potential health benefits of any activity, including taking aspirin.
My doctor removes fluid each time I receive Avastin; this has been going on for about five months and it is extremely uncomfortable. He says that this is necessary because I had a “glaucomic” reaction the first time and went blind for four hours. I still lose some vision momentarily after the injections, but it returns. I am developing floaters from the vitreous fluid detaching and I believe this could be from the injections. The floaters are also annoying alongside the weird vision, which has gotten better, but it is still not great. I’m still bleeding slightly and the doctor feels that I need to continue receiving them regardless. Should I continue with the injections, but spread them out more than 4 weeks apart? What else is there to do? [ 12/17/12 ]
Avastin is a common treatment for wet-age related macular degeneration (ARMD), however this eye injection does not cure the disease. Instead Avastin only controls ARMD. It is not uncommon to eventually require treatment again after stopping Avastin as the wet ARMD will recur, and many patients require lifelong Avastin therapy. If you have an eye pressure rise after the injection, the eye fluid may need to be removed after the injection to prevent vision loss from glaucomatous damage to your optic nerve. Some patients can receive Avastin injections less frequently than every four weeks, so talk with your retina specialist to see if you meet criteria for an extended dosing interval. The Avastin is typically dosed every four weeks, however, if the bleeding is still active. Another eye injection, called Eylea, can require less frequent dosing after a certain interval of monthly treatments. You can also ask your retina specialist if you are a candidate to receive Eylea injections instead, but you will still likely need to have fluid removed from the eye afterwards.
Can prism lenses correct double vision caused by macular degeneration? [ 12/17/12 ]
Prism lenses can correct double vision caused by misalignment of the two eyes. Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) typically does not cause eye misalignment, so prism lenses would not be helpful in most cases of double vision due to ARMD. If your double vision is present at any point when either eye is closed, it is unlikely that prism lenses will help.
I am a white 84-year-old male in fairly good health, but am borderline anemic and have macular degeneration in both eyes. Would taking iron infusions make my macular degeneration worse? [ 12/17/12 ]
No definite link has been established between iron infusions for anemia and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). Very high levels of iron may be linked to a variety of retinal diseases due to increased oxidative stress in some patients, but this idea is a theory that is undergoing study. Oxidative stress occurs when the body cannot detoxify certain chemicals associated with metabolism of oxygen. If you have low levels of iron and are taking supplements to get back to normal levels of iron to treat anemia, the potential of oxidative stress toxicity is less likely.
My husband has been taking Lucentis injections for a year and he's not getting any better or worse. His doctor wants to try another treatment. Are there any other treatment alternatives? [ 12/17/12 ]
If your husband has wet age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), Lucentis is a very common treatment. In clinical trials, Lucentis preserved vision in 90% of patients, but improved vision in only 40% of patients with wet ARMD. Your husband many not belong to the 40% of patients that notices significant visual improvement after Lucentis treatment. Other commonly used treatments for ARMD include Eylea and Avastin, which have comparable treatment success rates to Lucentis. Some patients may react better to one eye injection compared to another. Ask your husband's retina specialist if a trial of one of these other wet ARMD injections would be appropriate.
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The instant-on feature of LEDs also makes them easier to see in flashing applications like turn signals and warning lights. Flashing incandescent lights slowly reach full brightness then dim off. The ability of LEDs to turn instantly on, stay on at full brightness and then instantly turn off creates a light pattern that is far easier for the human eye to recognize.
Justin Wilczynski, assistant transportation director at Clark-Pleasant Community School Corp. in Whiteland, Ind., believes the enhanced safety of LED lights should be factored in to spec’ing decisions. “Why would any supervisor in transportation pass up the opportunity to make their buses that much safer?” he asks.
Lights that last
The appeal of LEDs from a maintenance point of view is undeniable. A high-quality LED lighting system should last the life of the bus. Maintenance costs with LED lights should be virtually nil.
Most incandescent lights have an expected lifetime of 1,000 to 2,000 hours. They need to be replaced every few years or so, depending on usage. Most LEDs have a life of 100,000 hours — far longer than any school bus would be in operation through its lifetime.
Clark County School District in Las Vegas was one of the first school districts to install LEDs in their buses, primarily because of their long-term ease of maintenance. Frank Giordano, vehicle maintenance coordinator, says the annoyance of replacing, say, a burned-out clearance light is becoming a distant memory. “Since we’ve gone to the LED lights, I don’t have guys out there balancing on a ladder having to change those things,” he says.
Says Wilczynski, “I have about 30 buses equipped with SoundOff Signal lights and have had to replace only two lights. And that was because a strand of LEDs was out. We probably could have run the lights in the condition they were in, but our warranty allowed us to have a replacement.”
This sturdiness and reliability of LEDs are an obvious benefit. Says Terry Applegate of Weldon Technologies: “If you make the right choice, on the right LED, you don't have to worry about it. That’s assuming that you don’t back into something.”
A matter of economics
The primary reason many operators cite for not switching over to LEDs is cost. The price of LED lights is usually six times, or more, than that of incandescent lights. The cost to retrofit a bus equipped with incandescent lights to LEDs can be even higher. It’s no wonder that sticker shock has scared away some school bus operators from the new technology. Many bus operators simply have a hard time justifying to superiors the higher cost of LEDs.
But the higher initial cost is more than compensated by the reduction of vehicle downtime and labor costs. “If you add the cost of the maintenance — actually pulling off the lens and replacing the bulb two or more times — you’ve pretty much paid for an LED light,” Applegate says.
Fact and fiction
Because the maintenance cost benefits of LEDs only arise if they don’t need to be replaced, it is important to choose the right LED lighting system. And because LEDs are relatively new to the market, information about them is sometimes scarce, and sometimes wrong.
One popular myth advises to always pick the light with the most LEDs. The belief is the more LEDs a light has, the more light it puts out. This used to be true, when LEDs first hit the market. But since then, a new generation of LEDs has been developed, and these new diodes put out more light than older models.
“Just because you have a lot of LEDs doesn’t mean that the LED light is brighter,” says Scott Comisar, general manager of Doran Mfg. “People think more is better, but LED lights are going to get where instead of having five or six LEDs, there may be one or two.”
As with any new technology, it pays to research before you buy. Be sure to get information about third-party testing of any lighting system you’re considering, and compare the warranties of several manufacturers.
The future of lighting
Prices for LED products have been dropping since they were introduced in school buses, and all indications are that prices will continue to go down. Lower costs should allow even the most budget-conscious fleets to be equipped with LED lighting systems.
Recent advances in technology have allowed LEDs to expand their color range from red and yellow to white light. As more and more are produced, their cost will fall, making them economically feasible for use all over school buses, from dome lights to stepwell lights to exterior flood lighting.
Lower costs and increased versatility mean that in the next few years, LEDs will move from an expensive option to the primary choice in school bus lighting.
Travis Kott, national account manager for SoundOff Signal, has a prediction: “I would say in the course of the next seven to 10 years, you’re probably going to have to ask for incandescent lights, because LED will more than likely be standard.”
Rob Slusser is a freelance writer in Manhattan Beach, Calif.
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The disintegration of the Soviet Union and the collapse of its communist ideology led to optimistic pronouncements of a new world order, one with less conflict and greater global integration and harmony. The US was left as the sole global superpower, and many saw it as leading the way in spreading democracy throughout the world. Conflicts on the periphery of the old Soviet empire, including the Balkans and the Caucasus region, have provided continuing challenges, but as we know, it is West Asia that has so far proved the optimists wrong.
Resources and religion inevitably make West Asia a locus of global friction. Imperialist machinations carved up the region before the Cold War, and created some of the current problems. Cold War proxy battles contributed heavily to the current situations with respect to Iran (which had implications for what transpired with Iraq) and Afghanistan (at the fault lines of West Asia, Central Asia and South Asia). Afghanistan and West Asia’s problems have spilled over into Pakistan, and as a result, India faces its own severe challenge. The latest terror attack in Mumbai is worrisome in its sophistication and scope, as well as in its apparent motivation.
The attack, in addition to seeking to create fear and inflict mayhem among the populace, targeted symbols and persons connected with Westernization, global capital and Judaism. In the last of these targets, West Asia’s territorial conflict, which has also become one of religion, is evident as motivation. However, there is a more general angst at work. The turmoil of globalization transcends religion and is probably responsible for much of the anger and frustration that comes from those who see themselves as losers from the process. Latin America has struggled with this perspective for a long time. And the rolling, expanding global financial crisis has swelled the ranks of those who see the US and global capitalism as the root of the problems of their world. Even many in the US are disillusioned with the system, and in their presidential election swept a symbol of change into the most powerful position in the world.
It is unfortunate that a mixture of hubris and incompetence has undermined the US’ moral and political authority in the post-Cold War world, for democracy and capitalism, exemplified in the US, did win the Cold War. The collapse of the Soviet Union helped set India, already democratic, on a path of higher growth and eventual prosperity by its greater acceptance of capitalism. But political and economic turmoil is challenging this growth path. How is India to navigate this disorderly world, both politically and economically?
The latest terror attack, following on a string of previous atrocities, points to a significant failure of internal security. It is difficult to be perfectly in control without an authoritarian apparatus, but Indian laws and practice provide significantly more leeway to security agencies than those of, say, the US. Governance in India is generally of poor quality, but there is no excuse for the failures that allowed the Mumbai attack to occur. India literally has to first get its own house in order, without losing its democratic essence.
Second, it must be recognized that use of force or pressure against another nation state will not solve the security problem. In particular, Pakistan’s government is itself under siege and unable to control radical elements within its borders. Even its north-western borders are not secure. Pakistan’s economy, after a reasonably good run, has crumbled under the latest crisis, and this economic collapse will only add to its political woes. There is no easy answer, unfortunately, and Barack Obama’s advocacy of keeping lines of communication open may be all one can usefully do on the diplomatic front. Making the attacks an excuse for religious nationalism will do no good.
However, there has to be closer cooperation with likeminded nations, including the US, in intelligence gathering and security operations. This is my third point: India has to become a serious world player at several levels, including combating terror, but extending far beyond that to global issues of trade, financial regulation and sustainability. This will require a strategic approach to Indian positions on these issues that has often been lacking.
As the world’s largest democracy, India has the potential to match Obama’s America in global affairs. China is way ahead of India in its strategic positioning in world affairs.
Finally, India has to keep growing rapidly. This means more economic reform. It means having enough internal security to keep finance, trade and tourism humming as growth engines. Ultimately, it means a step-up in the quality of governance, and that will require some agreement on how to proceed to achieve that. Civil service reform, as well as reforms of political institutions such as campaign financing, must be kept on the policy agenda.
The 19th century’s period of rapid growth and globalization ended in massive conflicts and devastation. We have to avoid going down that path at all costs.
Nirvikar Singh is professor of economics at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Your comments are welcome at email@example.com
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Africa, of course, has a lot more to offer than just the animals. The people throughout the countries I visited – Botswana, Kenya, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania (including Zanzibar), Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe – were very friendly and eager to be helpful. The safari guides were also top-notch and very knowledgeable about both the animals and the country.
I developed a great admiration for the African people. Many people spend a large part of their day collecting firewood, carrying water from a stream miles away or tilling the fields by hand – things that many of us in the West would never think about as we adjust the thermostat, turn the faucet or dine out in a restaurant. I was continually impressed by how much the people are able to do with so little. Almost everything gets recycled. Through it all, nearly everyone I encountered was happy to welcome visitors to their country or village.
Africa also offers beautiful landscapes and other scenic splendors, such as Victoria Falls, Mount Kilimanjaro and those famous African sunsets. I can also highly recommend the coastal areas of Namibia (including the legendary Skeleton Coast) and South Africa. Although most people think of grasslands, deserts or woodlands when they think of Africa, the southern coastline is spectacular!
The photographs above offer a preview of what is available in the People & Places section. For more photographs and information about specific peoples or areas, select one of the pages from the drop-down lists below. Also, be sure to check out the "Animals & Birds" pages, if you haven't already.
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Signed up for a gym membership, back to daily visits, and Jay and I are going to print out a Wikipedia version of the official rules of racquetball and figure it out.
A few weeks ago, Jay and I argued about self-worth. This arose from my complaint about self-esteem gurus teaching their pupils to love themselves no matter what. My criticism was that this teaches people to fool themselves into feeling like they're worthwhile people (when in reality, they're just the same people they always were), when instead they should be going out and becoming worthwhile people.
Jay's response was that I was presuming that people's initial self-evaluation is accurate and that the self-esteem lesson is a distortion of that accuracy, whereas he believes the opposite: that people systematically undervalue themselves, and these self-esteem lessons are really teaching people to value themselves accurately.
Formally, or at least moreso, Person X thinks he'll be a worthwhile person if he accomplishes goal G. I think that Person X is right. Jay thinks X is wrong--instead, X is already a worthwhile person, goal G achieved or not.
That's the exhibition--I have no solution, though obviously I'm right and Jay isn't.
(Though finding who's right seems problematic, it's no more so than any form of knowledge. We always trade off one impression--be it self-evaluative, aural, et al--against another that we rank as more likely true, which is why high school seniors in AP Chemistry lab can't disprove basic theories of molecular combination, no matter the color or consistency of their final compounds.)
[5:34:01 PM] Scott says: How about dinner and racquetball?
[5:34:19 PM] Jay Goodman Tamboli says: I'm eating now, and I'm probably going to go to bed early.
[5:34:28 PM] Scott says: So that's a no and a no.
[5:34:35 PM] Jay Goodman Tamboli says: Yup. Tired and hungry.
[5:34:42 PM] Scott says: You're afraid of my skills.
[5:34:50 PM] Jay Goodman Tamboli says: Not at all.
[5:35:03 PM] Scott says: I should warn you. Said skills are mad.
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We provide a continually improving collection of questions and answers
Space travel in general is a challenge, regardless of whether it is done by government or private industry. Putting humans in a vehicle with millions of parts, atop thousands of pounds of explosives, and then operating it at high speeds while monitoring thousands of variables that rapidly change is hard stuff.
It’s so complex that having done it with one vehicle doesn’t mean that many of those lessons don’t have to be learned with the next vehicle.
Now, we have been sending things into space with rocket technology for decades – but SpaceX is not just getting into the cargo business – they plan on being in the people transportation business. Over the last fifty years, only about half a dozen different vehicles have actually been used to carry people into space.
Vehicles that can safely carry people both up into space and back down safely to Earth are extraordinarily complex. There are many systems that have competing needs for resources. A manned vehicle needs an ECLSS (Environmental Control and Life Support System), along with the thermal system , power system, communication system, command and data handling system, guidance navigation and control system, propulsion system, thermal protective system, recovery system, and myriad others.
All of these systems take up volume and mass. It is a constant battle for engineers to tweak systems to get them to use up less volume and mass. For every additional item that needs electrical power, added battery capacity is needed, and both of those result in added thermal loading, which requires a more robust thermal control system.
All of this is fighting up against the limitations of the launch vehicle. We no longer have the Saturn V rockets that carried the Apollo capsules. SpaceX is having to not just design its capsules, but also design new rockets that can meet its needs.
Equipment works differently in the space environment than it does on the ground, so even equipment that is well tested for ground use will need testing for space use. The designers also have to take into account the risks of using equipment in a confined space. If a piece of equipment catches on fire, will it release any toxins into the atmosphere that won’t disperse like they would on the ground? Will it release particles that could float into someone’s eyes?
Today’s equipment is also different than yesterday’s equipment. A lot of equipment used on spacecraft decades ago isn’t even available today. The jigs that made it don’t even exist anymore. So new equipment has to be designed that can be built with current construction technologies.
All of this then has to be viewed through the lens of failure not being an option. In space, a design oversight can kill or cost billions of dollars in mission impacts. SpaceX, NASA, or any other organization that puts people on top of a rocket has to be assured they’ve thought of everything.
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Running along as fast as I can,
Wait up Daddy, please hold my hand.
I want to go everywhere that you go,
I want to learn all that you know.
So Daddy - please be patient and kind,
Shape my heart as well as my mind.
Thirsting for all that you give to me,
I want to be like you, Daddy - so please can't you see?
All that you do and all that you are
Are making impressions that go so very far,
Toward tomorrows when it will be
Your little one making the choices that the world will see.
Will you be proud of your precious little one?
Will you speak up and say "Hey, that's my son!"?
Or will you shake your head and cry in despair
"Where did I go wrong? How did he get there?"
Remember that I am watching, Daddy, every little move.
I am learning from your actions, your thoughts and your moods.
Think before you act or speak.
Remember, Daddy, I am sitting at your feet.
Read more articles by Connie Hauesler or search for articles on the same topic or others.
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The debate over what areas of the public sector should be cut has begun in earnest. Unsurprisingly, libraries are at the top of the hitlist. So much so that on Newsnight on Tuesday, somebody was forced to defend libraries from “swingeing cuts” in front of a panel of three politicians/advisers. Unfortunately, it was not someone from the library profession or a CILIP representative (although they may not have been given the opportunity to appear), so it was left to Tim Coates to defend the service.
Although I have my disagreements with Tim, I was really rather hoping that he would ride to the rescue of a service under siege as a result of prospective cuts to public services. Sadly, there was a lack of passion or a will to go on the offensive and pick up on some of the ludicrous comments that were made in advance of his introduction (ie “who needs libraries when everyone has broadband?” and “why borrow books when we have Amazon?” – two incredibly ignorant statements). Yes he spoke eloquently and methodically, but debates like those on Newsnight call for something a little bit more passionate and forceful. Maybe this was not the forum that Tim Coates was led to believe it would be, but a stronger individual was needed to force home the case. But, to be fair, at least he stood up for the service.
There are a number of issues that I have with the debate as framed on Newsnight. For example, the idea that everyone now has broadband so that eliminates the need for libraries is a joke. Despite the belief of one of the advisers on the program who questioned the need for libraries, not everyone has broadband and a significant proportion of the population have no internet at all. Consequently, public libraries provide a key role in both facilitating access to information via the internet, as well as providing free internet access to help bridge the digital divide (which politicians seem to believe only exists between industrialised nations and developing ones, not within a Western nation). Take away this important role and suddenly you have a lot of disenfranchised people with no internet access and no way of accessing the information available without recourse to a commercial provider….which costs money. Given that those most disenfranchised would be the lowest paid in society, how can anyone morally argue that there is no longer a need for libraries to provide free internet? Such a move would only exacerbate the disparity between the information rich and the information poor.
Furthermore, there seems to be a growing, mis-placed belief that once everyone has broadband the problem will be solved and information will be freely available to everyone. But this is simply not the case. Providing broadband is one part of the problem, the other is ensuring that people have the skills to use the internet properly. As far as I can see at present, even those that do have an internet connection and consider themselves to be reasonably IT literate, still don’t know how to search the internet properly. Many people just plump for the top result in Google rather than bothering to ensure that their search terms are appropriate and that the resource is reliable. This includes respected journalists who seemingly fail to grasp the intricacies of search engines. Take, for example, this piece by Evelyn Gordon:
Neither Amnesty nor HRW has issued a single press release or report on Congo so far this year, according to their web sites. Yet HRW found time to issue two statements criticizing Israel and 12 criticizing the U.S.; Amnesty issued 11 on Israel and 15 on the U.S. To its credit, HRW did cover Congo fairly extensively in 2009. But Amnesty’s imbalance was egregious: For all of 2009, its web site lists exactly one statement on Congo — even as the group found time and energy to issue 62 statements critical of Israel.
I don’t want to get into the politics of this piece, but it is one that sticks in my mind as a member of Amnesty International. What appears to have happened here (and lets trust that the journalist isn’t being deliberately misleading) is that the journalist in question used the search term congo amnesty international and clicked on the link Congo | Amnesty International which does indeed produce one result for 2009. However, this refers to the Republic of Congo not the Democratic Republic of Congo which is what the article itself was referring to. A simple error in using Google has led to inaccurate information being imparted via a supposedly experienced journalist (which was then repeated by another journalist, Melanie Phillips). If a trained journalist makes such basic errors using a renowned search engine, how can we expect the general public to do so without some training or the support of trained professionals such as librarians? Incidentally, if you are interested, there were actually over twenty statements by Amnesty International on the DRC. See, being trained in these things is quite useful!
Then there is the question of how libraries demonstrate their value. Despite common beliefs, it is not simply a case of relying on verifiable statistics to determine whether a library service is performing or nor. There are many intangibles in play when looking at how the library service meets the needs of its users. One certainly cannot rely on issuing figures to determine whether a library is performing or not. There are a great many functions within a library that cannot be reflected by issues: making use of public computers, accessing local studies reference materials, making informational enquiries at the library’s enquiry desk etc etc. These interactions between the public and the library service are simply not reflected in an analysis of book issues.
Not only are book issues a poor way of assessing the delivery of the library service, footfall is also a poor measure. While some people look at declining visits to the library service as proof that the service is no longer in as much demand as before, they overlook a number of crucial factors in why this decline has been happening. In the past, members of the public would not only visit the library to take books out, they would also visit to renew items, make use of reference materials and to make reservations. Now, however, these services are also provided remotely via the library website. No longer do you need to visit the library to reserve an item or renew your books, you can do all this from the library website. Needless to say, this obviously has a big impact on footfall. Someone making a reservation before would have made two visits: one to place the order and one to collect. Now they need only make one visit. That’s a 50% decline in visits (I probably didn’t need to spell that out!). And book renewals….before a customer would visit once to take the items out and maybe as many as four further visits to renew. That’s a potential 80% decline in visits (this is where my maths starts to get a bit questionable so I’ll leave it at that!).
Sure, there is a possibility that there is a decline in visits due to these factors…but if this was really the case, would there not be a massive increase in accessing the library service remotely? Well, yes. Looking at the latest figures for accessing library websites shows that many have demonstrated a 100% increase on access compared to the previous year. So, I would argue, that there is not a decline is usage of the library service, there is simply a change in the way the service is used. But it does not then follow that we need to abandon libraries as they are now, and shift everything online. This would be a disaster for the service and for society. We need to continue to provide a highly skilled service that is able to meet the needs of the general public. We need to continue to innovate to take advantage of the way in which people are interacting with the service in a different way. We need to ensure that we can continue to bridge the gap between those that have access to the Internet and those that do not. If we do not, we run the risk of becoming a society that is ill-informed and ill-equipped to prosper in the so-called “information age”. Libraries are the barrier to this becoming reality and they need reinforcing, not dismantling.
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Bee rescuers Barbara and Richard.
LA Backwards Beekeeper Roberta writes:
We did a rescue of a hive attached to the eave of Tom's garage in Long Beach. His grandchildren had noticed them and were eager to have them relocated to that they could play around in the backyard barefoot again.
As with the dresser bees, Richard and Barbara did all the work while I explained what we were doing to the kids as they watched through a window.
Kids love bees!
We noticed something that I hadn't seen before—a rim of bees around the hive. The bees were on the wall and all facing in the same direction. I'm not sure if they were cleaning or waxing the wall or guarding. I'm just not sure but I caught some video so people could see and give some comments.
Interestingly, we heard about this hive both through the Bee Rescue Hotline and separately through a post from a Facebook friend who was trying to find a beekeeper for the same job. Such a small world!
This hive is going like gangbusters with lots of activity and lots of nectar storage despite it being September. Last week Richard noticed that a bunch of drones were being tossed from this hive and when we did a hive inspection this past weekend we saw the drone cells filled with nectar.
Richard has some great colonies right now and both Richard and Barbara will be mentoring others in no time.
At 6:30a.m it was barely light when Tom'’s two grandchildren came running outside in their PJs as Rich, Roberta and I began unpacking our gear. Clearly they were ready for this adventure.
We had been there the previous week to check out the hive. The kids had told their Grandpa how big it was (they live next door and play in his yard often) and he thought they might be exaggerating a bit. They weren't. Pruning away the bush that had been hiding it from view exposed a nice big hive—more than a foot wide, 6 or 8 inches deep, and a foot and a half long.
Once we had shooed everyone inside to watch from the windows we set to work smoking the hive, prepping frames for the cutouts etc. We all took turns vacuuming the seemingly infinite number of bees. I was able to reach the hive standing on a 2 foot portable scaffold (great piece of equipment provided by Rich) and began cutting frame-size sections of comb while Rich tied them into frames.
Roberta, ever the teacher, was showing the children pieces of comb through the screened window explaining the different stages of bees in the brood cells, etc. They were fascinated.
After a time Rich and I traded off since I could not reach high enough to get the top sections of comb. We all know what is at the top of comb right? As a semi-newbie I hadn'’t thought of that. I felt bad as I watched honey dripping all over Rich as he cut the comb from the roof edge. He was a good sport about it and besides, he got to keep the bees.
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tells how many complete rotations (i.e. revolutions
) there are per time unit. It is therefore a cyclic frequency
Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as temporal frequency.The period is the duration of one cycle in a repeating event, so the period is the reciprocal of the frequency...
, measured in hertz
The hertz is the SI unit of frequency defined as the number of cycles per second of a periodic phenomenon. One of its most common uses is the description of the sine wave, particularly those used in radio and audio applications....
(revolutions per second
) in the SI System
Si, si, or SI may refer to :- Measurement, mathematics and science :* International System of Units , the modern international standard version of the metric system...
. The units revolutions per minute
Revolutions per minute is a measure of the frequency of a rotation. It annotates the number of full rotations completed in one minute around a fixed axis...
(rpm or 1/min) are more common in everyday life.
Rotational speed can measure, for example, how fast a motor is running. Rotational speed and angular speed are sometimes used as synonyms, but typically they are measured with a different unit. Angular speed, however, tells the change in angle
In geometry, an angle is the figure formed by two rays sharing a common endpoint, called the vertex of the angle.Angles are usually presumed to be in a Euclidean plane with the circle taken for standard with regard to direction. In fact, an angle is frequently viewed as a measure of an circular arc...
per time unit, which is measured in radians per second
The radian per second is the SI unit of angular velocity, commonly denoted by the Greek letter ω...
in the SI system. Since there are 2π radians per cycle, or 360 degrees per cycle, we can convert angular speed to rotational speed by:
- is rotational speed in cycles per second
- is angular speed in radians per second
- is angular speed in degrees per second
For example, a stepper motor
A stepper motor is a brushless, electric motor that can divide a full rotation into a large number of steps. The motor's position can be controlled precisely without any feedback mechanism , as long as the motor is carefully sized to the application...
might turn exactly one complete revolution each second.
Its angular speed is 360 degrees
A degree , usually denoted by ° , is a measurement of plane angle, representing 1⁄360 of a full rotation; one degree is equivalent to π/180 radians...
per second (360°/s), or 2π radian
Radian is the ratio between the length of an arc and its radius. The radian is the standard unit of angular measure, used in many areas of mathematics. The unit was formerly a SI supplementary unit, but this category was abolished in 1995 and the radian is now considered a SI derived unit...
s per second (2π rad/s), while the rotational speed is 60 rpm.
Rotational speed is not to be confused with tangential speed, despite some relation between the two concepts. Imagine a rotating merry-go-round. No matter how close or far you stand from the axis of rotation, your rotational speed will remain constant. However, your tangential speed does not remain constant. If you stand two meters from the axis of rotation, your tangential speed will be double the amount if you were standing only one meter from the axis of rotation.
- Angular velocity
In physics, the angular velocity is a vector quantity which specifies the angular speed of an object and the axis about which the object is rotating. The SI unit of angular velocity is radians per second, although it may be measured in other units such as degrees per second, revolutions per...
- Orders of magnitude (angular velocity)
This page is a progressive and labeled list of the SI angular velocity orders of magnitude, with certain examples appended to some list objects.-External links:**...
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“It is not well known that many voice issues are related to mechanical and physiologic factors such as breathing problems or muscle weakness,” explains Phillip L. Massengill, M.D., FACS, an otolaryngologist and head and neck surgeon at HVENT and a classically trained opera singer. “In many cases, this type of voice production issue can be diagnosed and corrected by a voice specialist through exercises that strengthen the muscles and lead to improved voice quality and endurance.”
Dr. Massengill points out that voice problems also can have more serious causes, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and gastroesophageal reflux. Gastroesophageal reflex, also known as GERD, results when stomach acid escapes through the sphincter at the top of the stomach into the esophagus and larynx and causes damage. Obesity, alcohol consumption, high fat foods, big meals and acidic foods increase the chances of developing GERD.
Dr. Massengill recommends being examined by a doctor who has gone through special training and courses in diagnostic voice disorders. HVENT uses state-of-the-
“Be sure to have your voice checked out if you have voice changes that persist for more than two or three weeks, a sore throat that lasts for more than three or four weeks, or a voice issue combined with either difficulty swallowing, a new neck mass or a history of smoking,” advises Dr. Massengill. “We encourage patients to take note of these symptoms as they could be signs of something more serious.”
Hudson Valley Ear, Nose & Throat, P.C. is located at 75 Crystal Run Road, Building B, Suite 220, Middletown, NY. For more information, please call 888.350.1368 (ENT) or visit www.hudsonvalleyent.com.
# # #
About Hudson Valley Ear, Nose & Throat
Hudson Valley Ear, Nose & Throat, P.C., has been redefining the healthcare experience in the Hudson Valley for more than ten years. Its board-certified physicians, supported by licensed audiologists and dedicated staff, have established a reputation for superior care in treating patients with allergies, gastroesophageal reflux, thyroid and parathyroid disorders, hearing and balance disorders, nasal and sinus disease, head and neck cancer, sleep apnea, snoring, voice disorders, and pediatric ear and throat disorders. Hudson Valley Ear, Nose & Throat utilizes state-of-the-
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CC-MAIN-2013-20
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http://www.prlog.org/11853719-what-to-do-when-you-cant-hit-the-high-notes.html
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|System(s)||Arcade, Sharp X68000, Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum, Sega Master System, Atari Lynx, Amstrad CPC, Mobile|
|Followed by||Rygar: The Legendary Adventure|
|Neoseeker Related Pages|
- This is the first game in the Rygar series. For other games in the series see the Rygar category.
- For the NES version, see Rygar (NES).
Rygar is an arcade game created by Tecmo in 1986 and originally released in Japan as Argus no Senshi (アルゴスの戦士 Arugosu no Senshi?, lit. "Warrior of Argus"). It is a scrolling platform game where the player assumes the role as the "Legendary Warrior", battling through a hostile landscape. It included a rich set of attack and movement capabilities. Only with these mastered would the player stand a chance of progressing through later stages.
The main feature of gameplay is using a weapon called the "Diskarmor", a shield with a long chain attached to it.
The game was ported to the Sharp X68000, Commodore 64, Sega Master System (Japan only, called Argus No Juujiken), Spectrum 48K and the Atari Lynx. The Lynx version closely follows the arcade version, but there are only 23 rounds and the layout of some rounds is different. A significantly different version was developed for the NES.
The arcade game begins with the following introduction:
4.5 billion years have passed since Earth's creation. Many dominators have ruled in all their glory, but time was their greatest enemy and it defeated their reign. And now a new dominator's reign begins...
Information gleaned from console manuals reveals that the evil being Ligar has taken over the land of Argool, and Rygar, a dead warrior who has risen from his grave, must use his Diskarmor, along with a variety of other weapons, to stop him. In console versions clues and limited dialogue are given in the form of large, sage like men encountered in stone green temples throughout the game.
In the Japanese original, references to "Ligar" and "Rygar" are one and the same, due to the fact that the Roman syllables "Li" and "Ry" come from the same Japanese character. In this version, the hero is only referred to as "The Legendary Warrior", while both "Rygar" and "Ligar" refer to the main villain.
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CC-MAIN-2013-20
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http://strategywiki.org/wiki/Argus_no_Senshi
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en
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Congress got back from its Presidents Day recess Monday and immediately got down to the pressing business at the top of its calendar.
The House was to spend the next few days reauthorizing and amending the Violence Against Women Act. The Senate was to confirm a judicial nominee and then get down to the contentious but more or less foreordained confirmation of Chuck Hagel as secretary of defense.
And on Friday, March 1, the $85 billion across-the-board government spending cut – the dreaded “sequester” – is to automatically go into effect. Depending on which party is doing the talking, the cuts will range from inconvenient and mildly annoying to deeply painful and economically damaging.
Whatever. Congress is leaving town Thursday night for a long weekend. But both parties are expected to go through the motions Wednesday of seeking to avert those cuts by passing measures they’re confident the other side will reject.
Congress has shown no sense of urgency in dealing with the impending cuts, but that’s because the public has yet to feel their impact – and may not until the end of March or April.
The Obama administration has predicted dire consequences from the cuts: weakened military, long waits at airports, large furloughs of government employees, layoffs of food safety inspectors, curtailed hours at national parks.
The administration even issued fact sheets for all 50 states and the District of Columbia highlighting the impact of the cuts. House Speaker John Boehner’s home state of Ohio, for example, would lose more than $47 million in education funds.
But Republicans like Sen. Tom Coburn of Oklahoma says $85 billion is such a small percentage of the overall federal budget that there are ways to make cuts so Americans won’t feel them – at least not very much.
Indeed, some Republicans favor legislation that would replace the across-the-board cuts with targeted ones, leaving it up to the White House to make the unpopular choices of which programs get cut.
However, Congress faces a very real, very serious deadline on March 27. That’s when a temporary, six-month funding measure for the federal government expires. It was passed last September when Congress couldn’t agree on a budget or pass the individual funding bills for government departments.
Unless Congress shows a little more urgency about dealing with that problem, the government really will shut down, enraging the heretofore-apathetic public. We doubt the members of Congress who were here for the government shutdowns of 1995 and 1996 much care to repeat the experience.
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http://www.dailyrepublic.com/opinion/ourview/congress-may-let-sequester-deadline-pass/
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By doing a little research, and playing some games with Google Books snippet view, I was able to find the full quote:
The idea itself is natural, fine and just. Who can challenge the rights of the Jews in Palestine? Good Lord, historically it is really your country. What a wonderful spectacle that will be when a people as resourceful as the Jews will once again be an independent nation, honored and complacent, able to make its contribution to needy humanity in the field of morals, as in the past.He wrote this in a letter to Zadok Kahn, the chief rabbi of France.
When Benny Morris quotes it in One state, two states: resolving the Israel/Palestine conflict, he distinguishes this quote as an exception to the Palestinian Arab denial of Jewish claims that rose concurrently with the idea of Palestinian Arab nationalism. It is not an exception, however, since the quote pre-dates popular Palestinian Arab nationalism by at least a couple of decades.
But Morris does make a good point:
An apt indication of this denial was provided by the Jerusalem Christian Arab educator Khabil al-Sakakini, when he fulminated in 1936 that the British Mandate's new radio station referred to the country in Hebrew as "eretz yisrael" (the Land of Israel), "If Palestine [falastin] is eretz yisrael, then we, the Arabs, are but passing strangers, and there is nothing for or to do but to emigrate," al-Sakakini jotted down in his diary.In other words, denial of history is an integral part of Palestinian Arab nationalism. The movement is, to a great extent, predicated on a very basic lie.
Arabs like Khalidi knew Jewish history in the Land of Israel very well, but it became virtually forbidden to acknowledge this history a mere three decades later, because that very fact helps to undermine the entire Palestinian Arab national enterprise.
Yet the British did not have that sensitivity, as the initials for Eretz Yisrael could be seen in Mandate-era coins and stamps in Hebrew even before Sakakini noticed it:
UPDATE: Elder of Lobby tracked a more complete version of the Khalidi quote, from Morris' "Righteous Victims," showing that the mayor was hardly happy about the prospect of Zionism:
"It is necessary, therefore, for the peace of the Jews in [the Ottoman Empire] that the Zionist Movement ... stop.... Good Lord, the world is vast enough, there are still uninhabited countries where one could settle millions of poor Jews who may perhaps become happy there and one day constitute a nation.... In the name of God, let Palestine be left in peace."
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Employees in Korean companies have to contend with salary discrepancies even if they have similar skillsets to each other, as revealed by the latest salary figures. Kia staff seem to earn more although their work tenure is lesser than Hyundai staff. The average annual salary of Kia workers was W82 million (US$75,400) and their average duration of service was 16.6 years. Figures for Hyundai were W80 million and 17.5 years respectively.
A Kia staffer said the reason for the anomaly was that employees were paid money owed from 2009 as a result of delayed salary negotiations.
At Samsung Electronics, Korea’s largest manufacturer, a worker earned an average of W86.4 million last year, but the gender gap was on average a whopping W40 million. The salary for men was nearly W100 million but women earned a mere W59.7 million.
Samsung Electronics says this is because a high percentage of women work on assembly lines and they have fewer years of service with the company. Men have spent on average 8.9 years with the firm, as against 5.5 for women.
At LG Electronics, the average income was W64 million. While men in the mobile phone division earned the most with W69 million, women in the air conditioner division earned the least with W40 million.
HRM Asia welcomes your contribution. Your IP address is recorded in the event of
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CC-MAIN-2013-20
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http://www.hrmasia.com/forum/salary-gaps-revealed/83791/
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en
| 0.980428
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|
This document provides guidelines for the definition of a reliability program at nuclear generating stations and other nuclear facilities. The document emphasizes reliability programs during the operating phase of such facilities; however, the general approach applies to all phases (e.g., design, construction, start-up, operating, and decommissioning) of the facility.
Get Involved In The Development Of This Standard
Contact the IEEE-SA Liaison Simply click here to voice your interest. Malia Zaman Learn More About Standards ParticipationAnyone can participate, there are a variety of programs and services to
facilitate the involvement of industry and the public. More Become a Member and Ballot on this StandardMembership empowers you to participate & lead in the development of
standards. Tell Me More
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CC-MAIN-2013-20
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http://standards.ieee.org/develop/project/933.html
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Google Foodle Says ‘Happy Birthday Julia!’
On August 15 this year, Google presented a Birthday doodle to the celebrated American chef, TV host and author Julia Child on what would have been her 100th birthday. The Doodle also tweeted, “Hope you all find today’s ‘foodle’ for Julia Child’s 100 birthday delectable. Bon appétit!”
Paying Tribute to Julia
Julia Child is such an iconic figure in America’s culinary history that even 100 years since her birth, she continues to impress newbie cooks, housewives eager to make an impression, and people generally interested in cooking and living happily. More than her cooking skills, it was her attitude to cooking and her vivacious personality that leaves more of a mark on people. How else could you explain the fact that she was single-handedly responsible for introducing and establishing French cuisine in the American psyche. Anybody can truss a mean chicken or duck but no one can make it look as sexy as Julia. Her chicken and fish dishes are already recorded in the annals of world culinary history.
The legendary chef passed away on August 13, 2004, at the age of 91, after suffering from kidney failure. Her memory was recently refreshed in the memories of younger audiences the world over with the film, “Julie and Julia,” where another iconic woman, Meryl Streep, essayed Julia’s role to perfection. Julia first made a mark with her books “Mastering the Art of French Cooking” and “The French Chef”, which were critically acclaimed. In fact, the second book even lent its title to Julia’s famous, award-winning cooking show, which was premiered in 1963 and has, since then, continued to make budding cooks out of unassuming kids and youngsters.
The Julia Foodle
The doodle, which Google calls Foodle, depicts Julia Child in her famous kitchen, surrounded by her favorite cooking instruments and some of her famous recipes. However, Google is not the only one celebrating the legendary chef’s birthday. PBS network, which was the first to telecast Julia’s iconic TV show “The French Chef,” is celebrating her birthday for the whole month of August, with her fans pitching in with their favorite recipe of hers. The network has also launched Facebook and Twitter pages, asking Julia’s fans to write in with their comments and favorite memories of the happy-go-lucky chef.
It is a common practice with Google to honor historic personalities with doodles on their birthdays. However, why the Julia foodle stands out amongst all those doodles is because it appeals to the most basic need of human kind, food. And when it comes to food, no one know to stir a ladle better than our very own Julia Child. Bon appétit!
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CC-MAIN-2013-20
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http://www.ifood.tv/blog/google-foodle-says-happy-birthday-julia
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This is a demo study of round objects painted indoors in incandescent light. It is more difficult to differentiate the shadow from the light masses in round objects than it is in blocks. We are challenged to find the light and dark masses without the help of the clearly defined edges of the blocks. However, if we keep an image of our block studies in mind when assessing the set-up, we have more chance for success. Imagine a block sitting next to one of the clementines. Ask yourself where will the shadow and light masses fall? Transfer that information to your round objects. Simplify the shapes into one light and one dark mass.
When painting, remember to keep the light and the half-lights in the light plane for the first few passes. In the above study, you can see how the light masses are clearly defined even though there are color changes within the mass. The colors in this light mass all stay within the "light" family. It all reads as light.
The same principle follows for the shadow masses, the value must stay in the "shadow" family. When you are looking at your set-up, squint your eyes until the colors you see in the objects reduce themselves to only light and dark masses or shapes. When you paint the shadow mass, even though there may be several color changes within the shadow, make sure the shadow shape maintains its value integrity. Observe the shadow on the white pitcher above. Although there are several color changes within the shadow, they all stay in the "dark" family. When you squint it down, it should appear as one shadow.
Reflected light is difficult to paint correctly. Although the color differs from the other shadow colors, the value of the reflected light must maintain the integrity of the shadow mass. If it doesn't, it will not read as reflected light, but will appear as an odd shape instead of part of the shadow. In my demo above you can see reflected light from the clementine on the bottom right side of the pitcher. This reflected light does not seem quite dark enough to me. It almost pops out of the shadow family into a lighter value. I've kept it this way so you can see for yourself. Squint it down and observe how it just barely (if at all), stays within the shadow mass.
When setting up a still life for practicing round objects—vases or fruit—make sure you choose objects that have a solid color. Variegated fruit or shiny or transparent vases are not good for seeing the color changes in the masses. Stick with opaque solid colors in your objects and in the cloths. Keep practicing!
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<urn:uuid:01bc3a62-19c4-46fb-954d-b09384b280d9>
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CC-MAIN-2013-20
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http://susanadamsfineart.com/blog/21423/round-objects-in-incandescent-light
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The largest and most-accurate device of its kind, the LVBC can determine the exact amount of heat generated by battery cells, modules, sub-packs, and even some full-size packs as they are charged and discharged. It combines a high volume test chamber and wide temperature range options with state-of-the-art thermal isolation and control, current load capabilities, and precision measurement.
In addition, the LVBC is the only calorimeter designed to test the liquid-cooled batteries found in the Ford Electric Focus, the Chevy Volt, and the Tesla Roadster. GM used an earlier NREL calorimeter to help create the Volt battery.
"We knew there was a need for this technology. Testing cells and smaller modules in lower-capacity calorimeters was only giving usand car and battery manufacturerspart of the picture," said NREL senior engineer Matthew Keyser, who developed the LVBC.
Despite the LVBC's large size, its heat-flux measurements are extremely precise, recording heat rates as low as 15 milliwatts and heat inputs as low as 15 Joulesabout the amount of energy released while rubbing your hands together. Achieving this degree of sensitivity in such a large volume required a number of design innovations, including superior thermal isolation and the ability to test batteries under realistic driving conditions. The instrument is able to determine heat levels, and energy efficiency within plus or minus 2 percent of actual values.
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CC-MAIN-2013-20
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Don't underestimate the power of siestas and naps. Sleep is made up of 90-minute cycles and it's normal to wake up between these, especially when we get older, according to the research.
We’re often told by the popular press and well-meaning family and friends that, for good health, we should fall asleep quickly and sleep solidly for about eight hours – otherwise we’re at risk of physical and psychological ill health.
There is some evidence to suggest that those who consistently restrict their sleep to less than six hours may have increased risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity and diabetes. The biggest health risk of sleep deprivation comes from accidents, especially falling asleep while driving.
Sleep need varies depending on the individual and can be anywhere from 12 hours in long-sleeping children, to six hours in short-sleeping healthy older adults. But despite the prevailing belief, normal sleep is not a long, deep valley of unconsciousness.
The sleep period is made up of 90-minute cycles. Waking up between these sleep cycles is a normal part of the sleep pattern and becomes more common as we get older.
It’s time to set the record straight about the myth of continuous sleep – and hopefully alleviate some of the anxiety that comes from laying in bed awake at night.
So what are the alternatives to continuous sleep?
The siesta sleep quota is made up of a one- to two-hour sleep in the early afternoon and a longer period of five to six hours late in the night. Like mammals and birds, humans tend to be most active around dawn and dusk and less active in the middle of the day.
It’s thought the siesta was the dominant sleep pattern before the industrial revolution required people to be continuously awake across the day to serve the sleepless industrial machine. It’s still common in rural communities around the world, not just in Mediterranean or Latin American cultures.
Our siesta tendency or post-lunch decline of alertness still occurs in those who never take afternoon naps. And this has less to do with overindulging at lunchtime and more to do with our circadian rhythms, which control our body clock, hormone production, temperature and digestive function over a 24-hour period.
Historical records also suggest that a segmented or bi-phasic sleep pattern was the norm before the industrial revolution. This pattern consists of an initial sleep of about four and a half hours (three sleep cycles of 90 minutes each) followed by one to two hours of wake and then a second sleep period of another three hours (another two sleep cycles).
During the winter months, northern Europeans would spend nine or ten hours in bed, with two to three hours of it spent awake, either in one long mid-night period or several shorter wake periods across the night.
The bed was the cheapest place to keep warm and was considered a place of rest as well as sleep. A few hours of wakefulness certainly wouldn’t have been considered abnormal or labelled as insomnia.
Can’t sleep? Don’t worry
These days we expect to have close to 100% of our time in bed asleep, dozing off within minutes and not waking at all until the alarm sounds. Unfortunately this myth sets us up for worry if we find ourselves awake in the middle of the night. And this worry can lead gradually to the development of insomnia.
Humans can sleep on very different schedules, with little difference in wakeful competence. International sleep researchers have trialled a number of different sleep schedules: sleep for 20 minutes every hour; one hour sleep every three hours; ten hours sleep every 28 hours. Participants survive easily on all these schedules despite their impracticality in our 24-hour world.
The best quality sleep is obtained during our circadian low phase – when body temperature and metabolic rate are at their lowest. For most people, this occurs late at night. But just like other species, humans can be opportunistic sleepers and satisfy our need for sleep when we get the opportunity.
There’s no doubt that the eight-hour solid sleep myth is a relatively recent cultural imposition. And although it satisfies our modern lifestyle, it does have its disadvantages.
Some have lamented the loss of wakefulness between sleep cycles as a valuable time of contemplation or creativity.
But probably the greatest negative impact of the eight-hour sleep myth is its power to create insomniacs out of good sleepers who experience normal awakenings across the night.
Leon Lack receives funding from the Australian Research Council and National Health and Medical Research Council.
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I am beginning a new series of blogs, dealing with the microfilm holdings at the Pacific Region of the National Archives in Riverside, California, located near Perris at 23123 Cajalco Road. There are a number of microfilms (many with material that would be helpful for genealogists) housed at that location, but people are not aware of them. Here I will discuss some of them in detail, but first, let's look at how to find them.
Step One - Log onto the NARA (National Archives and Records Administration) website. The new home page looks like this:
Scroll down on the page to the bottom:
And click on "Genealogists" in the far left column. That will take you to:
From that screen, go to the lower right panel:
And click on "Online Research Tools."
That will take you to:
And you want to click on "Microfilm Catalog" (misspelling above may be fixed soon). The top of the resulting page looks like:
And you want to click on "Advanced Search" to get to:
Click on the "Viewing Location" and you get this drop-down menu:
Select the Pacific Region:
And click on "Search" at the right of the page:
The 1143 listed microfilm groups are provided with a number of ways to have them listed (by record number, record group number, or alphabetical by title). (Note: not all the microfilms available at the Pacific Region have been added to the list, so if you have any questions about a particular film, contacting the facility directly is recommended.)
Select the film you are interested in and click on it to get to this page:
On the right-hand side, is this window:
Notice that the film under consideration is at the NARA Pacific Region (Riverside):
Before running to the archives to view it, click on the "Finding Aid" - a PDF information document that explains about the film:
That will lead you to a document that explains the microfilms (note: there are 2 films for this particular selection):
The document gives a background of the organization and/or circumstances about the existence of the film(s):
And also includes the Contents of the films (note: for films listing people, the Contents will identify what people are on what film, e.g., Abel - Collins, film 1, etc.)
With this basic information, locating the films on the archives site should be fairly easy. In future weeks we will look at the specifics about some of these films.
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If anything has become abundantly obvious over the past 10 years, gas prices are going up and they really don’t appear to show any sign of slowing. Rest assured, people are making money off this, be it the oil companies with record profits, or politicians with record tax revenue. The people who aren’t making money off of it are you and I.
I regularly spend upwards of $50 to fill the fuel tank in my Volkswagen. Don’t even get me started on the pickup truck, I’m almost glad the engine is broken right now.
New Jersey Democrats are working to implement a ban on off-shore drilling from Maine to North Carolina.
Now maybe the states from Maine to North Carolina are fine with our dependence on foreign sources of energy – but shouldn’t the individual states have a say in it? After all, Lautenberg and his cronies have absolutely no problem proposing tax increases on gas and other energy sources to pay for the decades of waste in the Garden State.
We need a new way of thinking that acknowledges the current state of energy costs by not only implementing stopgap solutions to bring immediate relief to consumers… but also involves PERMANENT tax relief to the producers and resellers from the top through the bottom, including incentives to small business owners that enable them to sell fuel at a lower cost – plus the immediate lifting on drilling bans off-shore, within the contiguous United States, and Alaska, including the lifting of moratoriums and bans on improving domestic refinement capacity. Alternative energy is great, but if I’m spending so much fulling up my 34mpg Volkswagen that I can’t afford a 50+mpg hybrid or diesel based vehicle – what the heck will alternative sources do for me?
Yes, I’ll admit that burning fossil fuels is bad for the environment, but our environment is designed to DEVOUR CO2, and RE-USE WATER, two of the primary components in automotive exhaust. The technology is there to create cleaner burning fossil fuel based engines (catalytic converter anyone?). The technology is THERE to create motors and vehicles which provide outstanding performance as well as outstanding MPG. To give up on the Internal Combustion Engine because a bunch of greenies spend more on lobbyists than Joe Commuter who has an hour commute every day, or people who just want to STAY WARM when they take a shower or survive a frigid winter does not give those arrogant pricks the right to dictate policy. Last I checked, the multi-trillion dollar budget that comes from the pocket of people like you and me SHOULD have more say than a bunch of disgruntled hippies who could care less about the plight of folks like me.
Lets continue to develop hybrid, solar, electric, fuel-cell, and other technologies – but for the sake of our economy and our citizens who are forced to decide between gasoline, fuel oil, and food – do not give up on the ICE until we’ve got something better!
America used to innovate! Now we consistently bend to the whim of knee-jerk reactions to junk science and rumor, where once we lead the world in technological development, now the so-called bastions of Socialism (ie France) lead the WORLD in DOMESTIC NUCLEAR ENERGY PRODUCTION. Nobody’s asking the middle eastern oil conglomerates or other world powers with vast oil reserves to cut back. We’ve got a massive investment in the future infrastructure of Iraq and its oil supplies – and people are actually fighting to keep oil companies from utilizing the resources! Lets have that war for oil! It wouldn’t be the first time brave Americans fought and died to protect the former economic sovereignty of the USA.
I get it, the environmentalists have a weak argument and a fat wallet, money always wins in rock, paper, scissors until someone finally has the BALLS to cut through the bullshit!
I don’t give a rats ass that China is finally enjoying the motor vehicle in vast numbers, welcome to the party! All the more reason that we should be exploring every single opportunity of our vast domestic resources, including oil production and refinement, so that the world economy and the absurdly high cost of oil right now does not dictate whether or not I feel like driving due to the high cost of gasoline!
America needs to rethink its priorities, and it needs to start with telling jackasses like Lautenberg and his ilk that those of us who don’t have all their bills paid by taxpayers that they can GO TO HELL.
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Health Help on the Net Medical Websites are popping up all over the Net. Some are quackery, but many offer invaluable advice.
(FORTUNE Magazine) – Fed up with an impersonal HMO? Wondering whether your doctor really knows best? Want the full story on a disease and its treatments from people who have it? Then surf, surf, surf.
The Internet is fast emerging as the antidote to everything we hate about modern medicine. It's even saving lives--the ultimate killer app. Two years ago Clifford Sanderson, 67, asked his doctor about a pain in his right hip. Tests showed that metastasizing kidney cancer had spread to his pelvis. Sanderson, of Tyneside, England, says he was told that due to his age and advanced cancer, he could expect only "palliative care" under the British National Health Service. "I would have been lucky to last six months," he says.
With a nephew's help, he found a Website created by a patient who had beaten metastasizing kidney cancer. In a tale to make the Reaper weep, the patient, Steve Dunn of Boulder, Colo., describes on his site (www.cancerguide.org) how he cut through the medical jungle to get an experimental multidrug therapy that melted his tumors. Dunn cautions that the therapy is harsh and iffy. Undaunted, the British retiree, who has private medical coverage, found an oncologist willing to give him the same drugs. After months of self-administered injections that caused severe flulike episodes, his cancer is in remission. "It would be imprudent to anticipate more than five years without a recurrence," says Sanderson, a cheerful man who now self-administers a half-bottle of red wine each evening. But "I shall be grateful to Steve Dunn for as long as I live."
Do-it-yourself medical research got a major boost last June when the U.S. National Library of Medicine began offering free Web access to Medline (see table), its vast database of citations and abstracts from medical journals. Medline gets searched more than 250,000 times a day, says the library. Hundreds of new health-related Websites pop up each month, adds Steve Foote, an Emory University medical librarian. He maintains MedWeb, one of the largest lists of links to such sites--it recently offered some 16,000 pointers to sites on everything from strokes to "aesthetic excellence" to plastic surgery.
Caution: Quacks find the Internet ideal for linking them to credulous customers and desperate patients. Dr. John Renner of Independence, Mo., an expert on the topic, says the Web adds a tricky new twist to snake oil: Many sites that generally offer sound health information have links to ones touting bad medicine, sometimes making it hard to tell when you've crossed the border into quackery. To be sure, sites on quack cures like urine therapy seem too silly to matter. (Don't ask.) (Oh, all right--it entails drinking your own pee.) But many dubious sites make beguiling appeals to the need for hope.
Last spring Tony and Sandy Danek, residents of a Chicago suburb, turned to the Internet when their 12-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, was afflicted with bone cancer that conventional therapies couldn't stop. A Website for a group called People Against Cancer, based in the little town of Otho, Iowa, seemed to offer hope. For a $350 "donation," it submits patients' cases to a network of alternative medicine practitioners for personalized advice. The Daneks say they were "steered" by the group's network to an alternative-medicine hospital in Tijuana, Mexico, where they flew with their daughter. "They charged us $2,000 just to get in the door," says Mr. Danek. After examining Elizabeth, a doctor at the hospital "told us she had a mucous infection he knew how to treat. I thought, 'What the hell is this guy talking about?' "Hopes crushed, the family soon went home--Elizabeth died a few hours after they got back.
Says Frank Wiewel, the Iowa group's founder: "It's a tragic story. But the bottom line is that the little gal received a lot of conventional cancer therapy that didn't help." Wiewel adds that his group never recommends specific medical treatment and doesn't get paid by any practitioners. The group refunded the Daneks' $350.
Not all alternative medicine is worthless, but check Dr. Stephen Barrett's Quackwatch (www. quackwatch.com) before getting an online dose of it. Barrett offers tips for spotting "quacky" sites. Sample: Avoid ones marketing dietary supplements--although supplements are sometimes useful, Barrett says it isn't possible to run a profitable business selling them without "some form of deception."
For every cyberquack, there seem to be dozens of good medical sites. If you can't find one that fits your needs, consider Ronald Wall's strategy. Wall and his wife, of Plano, Texas, visited more than a dozen doctors as they tried to pin down a disease afflicting their daughter. After several years one finally diagnosed it as blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome, or BRBNS, which causes rubbery venous malformations. Fewer than 100 cases are known. In hope of locating enough BRBNS patients to study its cause, Wall recently co-developed a Website on the disorder with researchers at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas.
Unless you're focused on a rare disease, medical surfing quickly leads to glassy-eye syndrome--the Alta Vista search engine serves up more than 95,000 Web pages mentioning "breast cancer." But there are remedies. Dunn's Cancerguide site, for instance, includes tips on how to use the Web to zero in on pertinent research. One-stop-shopping sites for specific diseases also help--a superb example can be found at rattler.cameron.edu/prostate, a prostate-cancer site spearheaded by Lawton, Okla., resident Gary Huckabay after he was diagnosed with the disease.
Disease-specific "listservs," or Internet mailing lists, can sometimes be even more helpful. They let you broadcast, via E-mail, questions to networks of patients, including ones who may know more than your doctor does about your problem. To find the mailing list you want, go to Liszt (www.liszt.com). "A lot of people deal with the anxiety about their own diseases by helping others on listservs," notes Nancy Peress, of Lewisburg, Pa., who formed a mailing list on prostate cancer after her father was diagnosed with it. Physicians often chime in too, giving some mailing lists the feel of a support group crossed with a peer-reviewed medical journal. Still, you shouldn't take online advice without consulting your doctor--he may even learn something that could help other patients.
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Here's how it went down, as related by OLPC founder Nicholas Negroponte at MIT Technology Review's EmTech conference last week:
"We left the boxes in the village. Closed. Taped shut. No instruction, no human being. I thought, the kids will play with the boxes! Within four minutes, one kid not only opened the box, but found the on/off switch. He'd never seen an on/off switch. He powered it up. Within five days, they were using 47 apps per child per day. Within two weeks, they were singing ABC songs [in English] in the village. And within five months, they had hacked Android. Some idiot in our organization or in the Media Lab had disabled the camera! And they figured out it had a camera, and they hacked Android."
I think it is awesome to see that this really has an impact! It is also interesting to see how quickly people can learn without structure, without limitations, or a system holding them back. This is what learning is really about, and I am very happy to see these people getting the tools they need!
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The connection between genetics and nutrition seems to be on many people’s minds these days. In a recent Nutrition Diva podcast, I discussed a new DNA test that supposedly reveals exactly what foods and supplements you should be eating. And in the ND newsletter, I fielded a question from a reader who had been told to eliminate tropical fruit from her diet because her ancestors stemmed from Northern Europe. In truth, I think our nutrition choices affect how our genes behave much more than our genes dictate our nutritional needs.
Other topics I covered in the last two weeks include the pros and cons of cocoa nibs, blood tests that supposedly reveal hidden food sensitivities, as well as my take on sensational headlines about egg yolks being as dangerous as smoking. Finally, check the What’s Cooking blog on recipe.com for some recipes for Jerusalem artichokes.
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On April 30 and May 1, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden will be overflowing with treasured plants specially grown in the Garden's own nursery, and plants propagated from the Garden's own collections. Below are the detailed descriptions of just a few of the plants offered. Please remember: there are many plants, but quantities of each species and cultivar are limited. In addition to the Fairchild plants, there will be extensive offerings from local plant societies, which will offer both dependable favorites and fascinating new discoveries. This is the perfect place to find a special plant for your garden. With such a variety from which to choose, you'll be happy to know that Fairchild¹s knowledgeable staff along with enthusiasts from local plant societies will be on hand to help you make your selections. They will also provide culture and care information to ensure that your choices thrive in our sometimes challenging South Florida environment.
There will be plant valets, but you may want to bring a wagon or cart as well. If you are hoping to take home a rare, unusual or one-of-a-kind plant, you will want to plan an early start. For membership information, call 305.667.1651, ext. 3331 or join online.
This might be a good time to turn a part of your yard or patio into an oasis of tranquility and beauty. The stars in our plants available at the 2011 Spring Plant Sale will add color, fragrance, attract butterflies and birds. Some of our special butterfly plants will be small plants ready to plant in the ground as soon as our rainy season begins. These include Passiflora suberosa, Lantana involucrata and Heliotropium angiospermum. To encourage the beautiful painted buntings to your yard, plant a Lantana involucrata near a bird feeder filled with millet seeds. These buntings are in the south Florida area throughout our dry season.
Plant Societies Participating in the 2011 Spring Plant Sale:
For the complete list of plants for sale by Fairchild click here
Among the Fairchild plants for sale will be:
Click on images to enlarge
The 2011 Spring Sale features plants that are both attractive to birds and butterflies and don't need regular irrigation once they are well established. Soon, summer rains will arrive and these plants will add carefree color and charm to your landscape. Among the plants for sale are:
Jacquemontia pentanthos, known as skyblue clustervine, is one of our most beautiful native vines. At times this vine produces hundreds of lovely, small, sky-blue flowers. It is fast growing, showy and pest free. Skyblue clustervine is an excellent choice for growing on a chain link fence. It prefers a sunny, dry location.
Jacaranda caerulea is native to the Bahamas. It is a smaller tree than the more commonly grown Jacaranda mimosaefolia and with more bold, shiny foliage. It is one of the most attractive ornamental trees native to the Bahamas with its panicles of blue-violet flowers appearing throughout late spring and summer. The crown is more narrow and upright than the more common Jacaranda, making it a great choice for small yards. This species prefers a sunny location and thrives in the soils of south Florida. Its furrowed bark makes this tree an excellent place to put epiphytic orchids and bromeliads among the branches.
Salvia coccinea, tropical sage, is native to southeastern U.S. and tropical America. Bright red flowers are produced on 12 to 16 inch long spikes nearly all year. Both hummingbirds and butterflies visit the nectar-filled flowers. This wildflower grows best in a sunny location with well drained, organic soils.
Guaiacum officinale, native to continental Tropical America and the West Indies, is known as lignum vitae or tree of life. This species, although not native to Florida, is similar to our native Guaiacum sanctum. It will grow faster than our native species, eventually developing into a beautiful flowering tree to 20 feet tall with gorgeous mottled green trunks. Lovely blue to pale blue flowers appear in spring to summer, followed by orange-yellow fruit. Birds love the seeds. Grow in full sun to light shade. If you have room for just one tree in your yard, Guaiacum officinale should be your choice.
If you want monarch butterflies to visit your yard, you should have some Asclepias curassavica, scarlet milkweed, in your garden. Once this plant is established, seedlings will sprout in areas with mulch or bare ground. Milkweed is both a nectar source and larval food for butterflies. The yellow-orange and red flowers appear throughout the year. Plant this milkweed in full sun to light shade.
Zamia integrifolia, coontie, is our only native cycad. Once locally abundant in Florida, it is now uncommon and threatened by urban development. The stems, after suitable treatment, were used as a source of starch by the Seminole Indians; a small starch extraction industry was established in South Florida in the 1850s. Coontie is a small cycad, with much-branched, underground stems. The leaves are a favorite larval food for the rare Atala butterfly. It grows in full sun to light shade. New growth appears each spring, although if old leaves are removed, new leaves will be generated at any time.
Zephyranthes citrina, native to Mexico, Colombia and Guatemala, has bright golden yellow flowers which are goblet-shaped. It re-seeds nicely and will go through several bloom cycles through the summer, flowering a couple of days after a good shower. It makes a great edging plant since its strap leaves resemble Liriope, but it doesn't smother other plants.
|Photo by Roger Hammer|
Colubrina elliptica, soldierwood, is native to the Florida Keys, Caribbean, Mexico, Central America and Venezuela. It is a shrub to small tree, from 10 feet up to 30 feet tall with an open branching habit. The trunks have flaking orange to brown bark which adds to its character. We are offering this plant because it has proven to be a bird magnet! During last fall expert birders surveyed Fairchild for migrating songbirds. Soldierwood attracted more species by far, than any other plant. Among the birds seen visiting soldierwood were: Tennessee Warblers, Red-eyed Vireos, Blue-winged Warblers, Blackburnian Warblers, Summer Tanager, Scarlet Tanager and Baltimore Orioles. We are delighted to offer this plant to FTBG members. Bring nature to your own yard – plant a soldierwood and keep your binoculars handy!
Glandularia maritima, beach verbena, is a fabulous purple-flowered groundcover. Endemic to peninsular south Florida, it is an endangered species. Beach verbena typically grows 4 to 12 inches tall and prefers a sunny, dry location. Butterflies visit the nectar-filled flowers.
Heliotropium angiospermum, known as scorpion’s tail, is native to southern Florida and the Florida Keys. It is a small herbaceous to slightly woody shrub to 3 feet tall and as wide. It is a wonderful choice to attract butterflies to its interesting white flowers. It is a nectar source for these butterflies: Bahamian Swallowtail, Cassius Blue, Florida White, Gray Hairstreak, Great Southern White, Gulf Fritillary, Miami Blue, Queen, Ruddy Daggerwing, Schaus' Swallowtail and other butterflies. Plant in full sun to light shade.
Pimenta racemosa, bay rum, is native to northern South America and the West Indies. The dark green, shiny evergreen leaves produce a wonderful spicy aroma throughout the year when crushed. The trunk and main branches have interesting bark, which peels to expose lighter shades. It is a small to medium sized upright tree 15-25’ tall. Fragrant white flowers are followed by black oblong berries. Pimenta racemosa leaves contain aromatic oil similar to clove. This essential oil is extracted from the leaves through distillation. It is an ingredient of bay rum cologne. Lemon-scented bay rum is a naturally occurring form of Pimenta racemosa. This species is best grown in full sun. Once established, it is drought tolerant. Add a uniquely fragrant plant to your garden; plant a bay rum tree!
Suriana maritima, bay cedar, a fine-textured, spreading shrub, has gray- or yellow-green, downy leaves clustered at ends of the branches. Small yellow flowers usually appear nestled among the soft leaves during spring and early summer. It grows near the shore, where high winds, shifting sands, and salt spray sculpt it into interesting shapes. Plant in a bright, sunny location. (Butterfly garden)
|Photo by Roger Hammer|
Passiflora pallens, pineland passionflower, is a state listed endangered species native to some pinelands and sunny edges of hammocks in South Florida. It attracts several kinds of butterflies including Gulf frittalary, zebra longwing, and Julia. Pineland passionflower produces large white flowers followed by pale yellow fruits. This vine grows best in a sunny location. (It may be seen in Fairchild’s Butterfly Garden.)
Muhlenbergia capillaris, muhly grass, is a native clumping species 18 to 36 inches tall and wide. One of our most ornamental native grasses, it produces beautiful cloud-like pinkish-purple plumes during the fall months. When not in bloom, its airy texture fits nicely into any landscape or garden. We have found that grasses go nicely when planted among palms. (May be seen in plots 54 and 87)
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, blue porterweed, is a wonderful flowering ground cover. Native to South Florida, this porterweed stays low, usually under 1 foot tall. It grows best in a sunny to lightly shaded location. An added bonus to this plant is that it is a butterfly magnet! It is a larval host for tropical Buckeyes and a source of nectar for many kinds of butterflies, including Great Southern White, Gulf Fritillary, Julia, large Orange Sulphur, Long-tailed Skipper, Schaus’ Swallowtail, Variegated Fritillary, Lyside Skipper. Once established, no irrigation is required.
X Ruttyruspolia ‘Phyllis van Heerden’, a shrub to 6 feet tall, is a natural, sterile bigeneric hybrid between Ruttya ovata and Ruspolia hypocrateriformis var. australis from South Africa. It produces showy clusters of lovely pink flowers from fall through spring. This plant has been in Fairchild’s plant collection since 1982. It has proven to be pest free, an easy grower and attracts butterflies too! Plant this lovely shrub in full sun to light shade. You can call her Phyllis!
Brunfelsia plicata is a small, erect eight-foot shrub endemic to Jamaica. The sturdy, dark green leaves make a good background for the showy, white flowers. Appearing in profusion several times during the year, the flowers waft forth a spicy, clove-like fragrance at dusk. Stems tend to be upright, but the uppermost ends of the branches cascade down, giving the plant a vase-like shape. Grow it where it will receive morning sun and afternoon shade. (May be seen in plots 52 and 27.)
Passiflora suberosa, corkystemmed passion flower, is one of our best native plants for attracting butterflies to your garden. This vine may be grown as a ground cover or allowed to climb upon a low structure or shrubs. It is the larval host plant for gulf fritillary, julia and zebra longwing butterflies who linger around this vine, searching for new growth to lay their eggs. Birds will visit this vine to eat the tiny dark purple fruits. The corkystemmed passion flower may be grown in full sun to light shade.
|Satakentia trio planted next to Victoria amazonica pool|
Satakentia liukiuensis is a beautiful palm endemic to the Ryukyu Islands of Japan. A lush crown of ten-foot long, dark green, pinnate leaves tops an exquisite crownshaft: smooth, lustrous, and dark red to mahogany green. In Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, a 30-year old plant is 20 feet tall, with a trunk twelve inches in diameter. The straight, gray-brown trunk provides a foil to the colorful crownshaft and leaves. Pink inflorescences produce slightly fragrant, cream-colored flowers which give way to small, orange fruits. Grow it in full sun to partial shade.
Pavonia bahamensis, from the Bahamas, is a shrub to 15' tall. A member of the hibiscus family, it produces small, nectar-filled, yellow-green flowers that hummingbirds find hard to resist. This shrub is best grown in full sun to very light shade. In the Bahamas, pollinators of Pavonia are Bananaquits and Bahama Woodstars. Several years ago, there was a Bananaquit sighted near our Pavonia in the lowlands. Birders from all over the country came to see the rare bird and add it to their life list. Two years ago a rare buff-bellied hummingbird was also sighted at Fairchild, feeding on the nectar of our Pavonia bahamensis for a few weeks. Ruby-throated and rufous hummingbirds are the most commonly seen species that visit Pavonia in South Florida.
We will also be offering several cultivars of Begonias, including 'Boomer' , 'Honeysuckle', 'Smarty Pants' and the everblooming Begonia odorata 'alba'. We will have more vines such as Congea tomentosa, shower of orchids; Combretum aubletii, monkey's brush; and our native wild allamanda, Pentalinon luteum.
Check this page regularly for updates on plants which will be available at the sale.
Page added 3/17/11 Page updated 4/28/11
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A new tool developed at Cambridge University represents a breakthrough in the race to find treatments to help sufferers with Huntington's disease.
Researchers have developed an effective new method of testing cognitive decline in mice with the disease, using an automated touch screen. It is hoped the screen will also allow researchers to study more effectively the cognitive difficulties in other neurodegenerative disorders such as in Alzheimer's and CJD.
Huntington's disease is a genetic disease affecting around 8 in 100,000 people. It is characterised by a progressive decline in cognitive functioning (including memory loss, intellectual decline and disorientation) together with the appearance of abnormal movements and impaired motor skills (such as unsteady gait and poor coordination).
There is currently no cure and whilst some symptoms can be alleviated, no treatments have been developed that help with cognitive deficits, a distressing aspect of the disease.
Whilst useful mouse models mimicking this disorder have been developed, it has been difficult to test cognitive skills such as learning, because most traditional experiments demand a level of physical performance that the mice cannot deliver due to the effect of the disease on their motor abilities.
The automated screen developed by Cambridge scientists provides a simple means of assessing cognition, in a way that requires minimal movement on the part of the mouse. The mouse makes its response by touching its nose to the touch-sensitive screen. This means that the HD mice can complete the task, despite motor problems.
Other benefits are that it is less labour intensive, less time consuming and less stressful for mice, compared to traditional testing methods. Given the difficulties associated with these traditional methods, progress to date in trialling new treatments for cognitive deficits has been slow with contract research organisations und
Contact: Leila Coupe
University of Cambridge
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http://news.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news-3/New-technology-to-speed-up-research-into-Huntingtons-disease-2747-1/
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| 0.947683
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When the welfare officers came to take three-year-old Archie Roach from his tin-lined house in Framlingham in southeastern Australia, they told his mother they were escorting him to a picnic. His aunt tried to scare them off with a gun, but it wasn't loaded. Institutionalized in a Melbourne orphanage, young Archie was told his family had died in a fire. His minders tried to force his hair straight, breaking comb teeth in his frizzy curls. It was a vain attempt by whites to make an Aboriginal child more like them. It didn't work, and the combs weren't the only casualties.
Roach, now 45, is one of an estimated 100,000 Aborigines, living and dead, who make up Australia's so-called Stolen Generation. Under a government policy that ran from 1910 to, unbelievably, 1971, as many as 1 in 10 of all Aboriginal children were removed from their families in an effort to "civilize" them by assimilation into white society. Their story of suffering, abuse, and lost identity--long Australia's dirty secret--is finally forcing itself out. It's an uncomfortable development for many Australians, especially at a moment when the country is basking happily in the spotlight of the Olympics. While a growing band of campaigners lobbies for an official government apology, John Howard, the conservative Prime Minister, has refused to say sorry and most Australians support his ungenerous stand.
The policy of "stealing" Aboriginal children, mostly those with some white blood, was devised in the early 1900s when eugenic theories were widely touted. In Australia government administrators thought that by bringing mixed-blood Aborigines into the white world, the color could be "bred out of them" over a few generations. Meanwhile the fully black population, regarded as irredeemably primitive, was expected to simply die out. The practice was not widely discussed until 1997, when an official inquiry found consistent patterns of physical and sexual abuse of the "stolen" children, of exploitation in the labor market and of social dislocation that led many into alcoholism, violence and early death.
Since then the outrage has mounted. Some 200,000 people marched across Sydney Harbor Bridge in May calling for reconciliation with Aborigines--the largest political demonstration in the country's history. In August former Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser called for a national apology for the "stolen generations." Prime Minister Howard answered that modern Australians "shouldn't be required to accept guilt and blame for past actions." Last month two Aborigines lost a court case in Darwin in which they sought compensation from the government for being removed from their families as children.
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Scottish Trip End Program
The Scottish Trip End Program (STEP) is a software application that has been developed by Transport Scotland to enable the derivation of population, employment, households by car ownership, trip ends and growth factors based on data from the National Transport, Demand and Land Use Models.
In producing forecasts based on the National Transport models, STEP has an advantage over similar tools as it incorporates 'Scotland specific' data. STEP also includes a better representation of base year trip ends as they have been calibrated to reflect observed data across Scotland during the development of the National Models.
STEP has been prepared for transport planning purposes. Specific uses could include informing on policy decisions and obtaining indicators on predicted changes in transport use over time.
It should be noted that forecasts such as those prepared by Transport and Land Use models are always subject to uncertainty. For guidance on how to manage uncertainty in transport forecasts, please see WebTAG Unit 3.15.5: Uncertainty in Forecasting.
Using the STEP software:
- STEP Brochure (pdf 777KB)
- STEP Installation Guide (pdf, 95KB)
- STEP Planning Date 2012 (Zip-file)
- STEP Planning Data March 2013 (Zip-file)
If you have any queries regarding STEP, email LATIS@transportscotland.gsi.gov.uk
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CC-MAIN-2013-20
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http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/analysis/LATIS/STEP
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en
| 0.93262
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The "Rule of Five" is a simple formula and model for analysing and developing any physical skill, from its most basic origin through to its most complex and advanced form.
Recognising the five broad components of skill development, and exploring the five core elements of each one of these components we can gradually build the "Rule of Five" model. The concentric circles of the model give us the stimulus and ability to take any physical skill and develop it to match the needs and abilities of all pupils in any area of activity in physical education.
This can be an invaluable teacher resource, and the A3 wall chart can be displayed so pupils - particularly KS3 and KS4 - can access it and learn how to track a skill through its various progressions.
... identifies links across all the areas of activity in physical education from 5 - 16 years. This will encourage development of key concepts and processes and help pupils to understand how they are in evidence throughout the whole range and content of the PE curriculum.
Reinforcement of common skills across a range of activities will automatise and strengthen basic patterns of movement to provide a stronger base for specific technique development in all sports.
Section (iii) of the manual contains detailed Minimum Expected Standards of Performance for pupils at the end of years 2, 4 and 6 and at the end of Key Stage 3 and Key Stage 4, across all areas of activity. These will provide an invaluable aid for planning and assessment.
Scroll using your mouse wheel, arrow keys or PgUp and PgDown.
To print or for more options right click.
Please be aware that this video may take a few moments to download, depending on the speed of you internet connection.
Please be aware that this music may take a few moments
to buffer, depending on the speed of you internet connection.
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CC-MAIN-2013-20
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http://www.valsabinpublications.com/publications/rule-of-five/
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| 0.927131
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HERZLIYA, Israel -- Presidential hopefuls Mitt Romney, John Edwards and John McCain all detoured through Israel on the way to New Hampshire this week, seemingly competing to see who could be strongest in defense of the Jewish state.
Speaking in person or by video link Monday and yesterday, the politicians spelled out tough measures they said were necessary to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons. Former House Speaker Newt Gingrich also addressed the conference.
Stressing the strong U.S.-Israeli relationship at the Herzliya security conference outside Tel Aviv, the Americans called for the United States to step up sanctions on Iran and leave the possibility of a military attack "on the table."
In less than a decade, the annual conference has become a mecca for Middle East specialists, partly because Ariel Sharon used it to outline his plan to pull out of the Gaza Strip when he was prime minister.
For American politicians, the gathering provides an opportunity to float policy positions and reach out to Jewish voters in the United States.
"This forum has become the Davos for Middle East wonks," said David Makovsky, a senior fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy who also was scheduled to speak. The Swiss town of Davos plays host to World Economic Forum meetings.
"During the Cold War, the Middle East was a backwater of American policy. But with the end of the Cold War, the Middle East has become the center of American policy. [The conference is] a legitimate forum for them to express their views on a region that's important."
Mr. Romney, a former governor of Massachusetts and potential contender for the 2008 Republican presidential nomination, called for economic sanctions on Iran that are "at least as severe" as those imposed on South Africa during its apartheid era.
He compared the challenge posed by Iran and militant Islam to the great threats of the 20th century -- fascism and totalitarian communism. He also recommended that Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad be brought before an international court and be tried for threatening genocide.
"It is time for the world to plainly speak these three truths," said Mr. Romney, the only one of the four to attend in person. "One, Iran must be stopped. Two, Iran can be stopped. And three, Iran will be stopped."
Mr. Gingrich, speaking by satellite video link, said Israel faced the most serious threat to its existence since the 1967 Arab-Israeli war. But many in Israel and the United States do not fully appreciate the nature, size and scope of the Iranian threat, he said.
"I have two grandchildren," said Mr. Gingrich, who has declared that he would run for president next year only as a last resort, "and I think there is a greater danger of them dying in an action than I faced during the Cold War."
Mr. McCain, Arizona Republican and a presidential front-runner, said he supported exploring a strengthening of ties between Israel and NATO as a means of easing Israel's insecurity.
"A friendly democracy under siege should be closer partners to the world's most successful security alliance," he said via satellite link. "American support for Israel should intensify. The enemies are too numerous, the margin of error too small, and shared values too great."
Mr. Edwards, of North Carolina, the only Democratic presidential candidate to address the conference, similarly called to toughen sanctions on Iran and hold out the threat of military force, but he broke with the others by suggesting that Washington open a dialogue with Iran.
"I support being tough, but I think it's a mistake strategically and ideologically not to engage them on this issue," he said. "America should engage directly on this issue."
By Douglas Holtz-Eakin
The young drop coverage to avoid higher premiums
Independent voices from the TWT Communities
In a world that is increasingly complex, we need to seek greater awareness of the blending of cultures and America's changing role in a global community.
A look at what’s new and what’s worth driving, no matter the budget.
Finding health and health care is not easy. It is changing. Know what's on the rise.
Television commentary, reviews, news and nonstop DVR catch-up.
Benghazi: The anatomy of a scandal
Vietnam Memorial adds four names
Cinco de Mayo on the Mall
NRA kicks off annual convention
California wildfires wreak havoc
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Tree Walk to Celebrate National Tree Week!
Date: 6th March 2012
Time: 11.30am - 12.30pm
Location: Powerscourt Gardens
Cost: Included in entry to gardens / Free of charge for season ticket holders.
No booking is required. Author and forestry expert Michael Carey will give a walking tour of the trees in Powerscourt Gardens. Michael is from County Wicklow and has written a fantastic book on the area called 'Wicklow's trees and woodlands over four centuries'. Michael has worked in the National Soil Survey, State Forest Service and Coillte and also as a forestry and management consultant. The walking tour should prove very enjoyable and you will come away armed with plenty of new information on the trees in Wicklow!
National Tree Week runs from 4-10 March 2012, for more information see www.treecouncil.ie
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Trade names: Cytoxan®, Neosar®
Chemocare.com uses generic names in all descriptions of drugs. Cytoxan is the trade
name for cyclophosphamide. Neosar is another name for cyclophosphamide. In some
cases, health care professionals may use the trade name cytoxan or other names neosar
when referring to the generic drug name cyclophosphamide.
Drug type: Cyclophosphamide is an anti-cancer (“antineoplastic”
or “cytotoxic”) chemotherapy drug. This medication is classified as an “alkylating
agent.” (For more detail, see “How this drug works” section below).
What this drug is used for:
- Cancers treated with cyclophosphamide include: Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin's
lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myelocytic
leukemia (CML), acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL),
t-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides), multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma,
rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma; breast, testicular, endometrial, ovarian, and
lung cancers, and in conditioning regimens for bone marrow transplantation.
- Cyclophosphamide is also used to treat many disorders that are not cancer.
Note: If a drug has been approved for one use, physicians
may elect to use this same drug for other problems if they believe it may be helpful.
How this drug is given:
- Cyclophosphamide can be given can be given by a number of different routes.
The route that it is given depends on the dosage, the condition being treated, as
well as the purpose it is being used for.
- It is usually given through a vein by injection or infusion (intravenous, IV) or
by mouth in tablet form, depending upon the diagnosis.
- Cyclophosphamide is also approved to be given by a shot into a muscle (IM), into
the abdominal lining (intraperitoneal, IP), or into the lining of the lung (intrapleural).
- Tablets should be given with food or after meals. Tablets should not be cut
- The amount of cyclophosphamide that you will receive depends on many factors, including
your height and weight, your general health or other health problems, and the type
of cancer or condition you have. Your doctor will determine your exact dosage
Important things to remember about the side effects of cyclophosphamide:
- The side effects of cyclophosphamide and their severity depend on how much of the
drug is given. In other word, high doses may produce more severe side effects.
- You will not get all of the side effects mentioned below.
- Side effects are often predictable in terms of their onset, duration, and severity.
- Side effects are almost always reversible and will go away after therapy is complete.
- Side effects are quite manageable. There are many options to minimize or prevent
The following side effects are common (occurring in greater than
30%) for patients taking cyclophosphamide:
- Low blood counts. Your white and red blood cells and platelets may temporarily
decrease. This can put you at increased risk for infection, anemia and/or
Nadir: Meaning low point, nadir is the point in time between chemotherapy
cycles in which you experience low blood counts.
Onset: 7 days
Nadir: 10-14 days
Recovery: 21 days
- Hair loss. Temporary - usually begins 3-6 weeks after the start of therapy.
Hair will grow back after treatment is completed although the color and/or texture
may be different.
- Nausea and vomiting, more common with larger doses, usually beginning 6-10 hours
- Poor appetite
- Loss of fertility. Meaning, your ability to conceive or father a child may
be affected by cyclophosphamide. Discuss this issue with your health care
- Discoloration of the skin or nails (see skin reactions).
These are less common side effects for patients receiving cyclophosphamide:
- Mouth sores
- Bladder irritation and bleeding (hemorrhagic cystitis) (see bladder problems)
- There is a slight risk of developing a blood cancer such as leukemia or myelodysplasia
after taking cyclophosphamide. Talk to your doctor about this risk.
This list includes common and less common side effects for those taking cyclophosphamide.
Side effects that are very rare -- occurring in less than about 10 percent of patients
-- are not listed here. But you should always inform your health care provider
if you experience any unusual symptoms.
When to contact your doctor or health care provider:
Contact your health care provider immediately, day or night, if you
should experience any of the following symptoms:
- Fever of 100.4° F (38° C) or higher, chills (possible signs of infection)
The following symptoms require medical attention, but are not an emergency.
Contact your health care provider within 24 hours of noticing any of the
- Nausea (interferes with ability to eat and unrelieved with prescribed medication).
- Vomiting (vomiting more than 4-5 times in a 24 hour period).
- Diarrhea (4-6 episodes in a 24-hour period).
- Unusual bleeding or bruising
- Black or tarry stools, or blood in your stools.
- Blood in the urine.
- Pain or burning with urination.
- Extreme fatigue (unable to carry on self-care activities).
- Mouth sores (painful redness, swelling or ulcers).
Always inform your health care provider if you experience any unusual symptoms.
- Before starting cyclophosphamide treatment, make sure you tell your doctor about
any other medications you are taking (including prescription, over-the-counter,
vitamins, herbal remedies, etc. Do not take aspirin, products containing
aspirin unless your doctor specifically permits this.
- Do not receive any kind of immunization or vaccination without your doctor’s approval
while taking cyclophosphamide.
- For both men and women: Use contraceptives, and do not conceive a child (get pregnant)
while taking cyclophosphamide. Barrier methods of contraception, such as condoms,
- Do not breast feed while taking this medication.
- Drink at least two to three quarts of fluid every 24 hours, unless you are instructed
- It is important to void (empty your bladder) frequently especially in the first
24 hours after taking cyclophosphamide. Report any pain or burning on urination
to your health care provider.
- You may be at risk of infection so try to avoid crowds or people with colds, and
report fever or any other signs of infection immediately to your health care provider.
- Wash your hands often
- To help treat/prevent mouth sores, use a soft toothbrush, and rinse three times
a day with 1 teaspoon of baking soda mixed with 8 ounces of water.
- Use an electric razor and a soft toothbrush to minimize bleeding.
- Avoid contact sports or activities that could cause injury.
- To reduce nausea, take anti-nausea medications as prescribed by your doctor, and
eat small, frequent meals.
- Avoid sun exposure. Wear SPF 15 (or higher) sunblock and protective clothing.
- In general, drinking alcoholic beverages should be kept to a minimum or avoided
completely. You should discuss this with your doctor.
- Get plenty of rest.
- Maintain good nutrition.
- If you experience symptoms or side effects, be sure to discuss them with your health
care team. They can prescribe medications and/or offer other suggestions that
are effective in managing such problems.
Monitoring and testing:
You will be checked regularly by your doctor while you are taking cyclophosphamide,
to monitor side effects and check your response to therapy. Periodic blood
to monitor your complete blood count (CBC) as well as the function of other organs
(such as your kidneys and liver) will also be ordered by your doctor.
How this drug works:
Chemotherapy (anti-neoplastic drugs):
Cancerous tumors are characterized by cell division, which is no longer controlled
as it is in normal tissue. “Normal” cells stop dividing when they come
into contact with like cells, a mechanism known as contact inhibition. Cancerous
cells lose this ability. Cancer cells no longer have the normal checks and
balances in place that control and limit cell division. The process of cell
division, whether normal or cancerous cells, is through the cell cycle. The
cell cycle goes from the resting phase, through active growing phases, and then
to mitosis (division).
The ability of chemotherapy to kill cancer cells depends on its ability to halt
cell division. Usually, the drugs work by damaging the RNA or DNA that tells
the cell how to copy itself in division. If the cells are unable to divide,
they die. The faster the cells are dividing, the more likely it is that chemotherapy
will kill the cells, causing the tumor to shrink. They also induce cell suicide
(self-death or apoptosis).
Chemotherapy drugs that affect cells only when they are dividing are called cell-cycle
specific. Chemotherapy drugs that affect cells when they are at rest are called
cell-cycle non-specific. The scheduling of chemotherapy is set based on the
type of cells, rate at which they divide, and the time at which a given drug is
likely to be effective. This is why chemotherapy is typically given in cycles.
Unfortunately, chemotherapy does not know the difference between the cancerous cells
and the normal cells. Chemotherapy will kill all cells that are rapidly dividing.
The “normal” cells will grow back and be healthy but in the meantime, side effects
occur. The “normal” cells most commonly affected by chemotherapy are the blood
cells, the cells in the mouth, stomach and bowel, and the hair follicles; resulting
in low blood counts, mouth sores, nausea, diarrhea, and/or hair loss. Different
drugs may affect different parts of the body.
Cyclophasphamide is classified as an alkylating agent. Alkylating agents are
most active in the resting phase of the cell. These drugs are cell-cycle non-specific.
There are several types of alkylating agents.
- Mustard gas derivatives: Mechlorethamine, Cyclophosphamide,
Chlorambucil, Melphalan, and Ifosfamide.
- Ethylenimines: Thiotepa and Hexamethylmelamine.
- Alkylsulfonates: Busulfan.
- Hydrazines and Triazines: Procarbazine, Dacarbazine and Temozolomide.
- Nitrosureas: Carmustine, Lomustine and Streptozocin.
Nitrosureas are unique because, unlike most chemotherapy, they can cross the blood-brain
barrier. They can be useful in treating brain tumors.
- Metal salts: Carboplatin and Cisplatin.
Note: We strongly encourage you to talk with your health care professional
about your specific medical condition and treatments. The information contained
in this website is meant to be helpful and educational, but is not a substitute
for medical advice.
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Text inspired by writer Patricia Ann McNair's daily journal prompt #2: I always thought.
I always thought that my grandfather was a war hero, who had fought in World War II and killed German soldiers during a midnight raid on his unit, when they were cornered with their backs against a stone cliff and only dense trees in front of them, obscured by the thick darkness of night on the Italian mountains, their attackers blasting away at them from the natural cover, disposing of five men in my grandfather’s platoon in seconds, and presenting my grandfather with the certain prospect of meeting the same fate, until with a loud roar he charged forward at the wall of invisible attackers, the bullets pinging around him but missing him, as he let loose with his Sten machine gun, swinging the barrel from side to side like a fireman dousing a blaze from above, not knowing what he was hitting or where he was going, until he heard the click that told him his magazine was empty, and he realized he was standing in a clearing, many yards from where he started, surrounded by the bodies of ten Germans, six of them dead, four of them groaning from the wounds he had given them. I always thought this of my grandfather because that’s what he told me. Except it turned out that not a word of it was true. He had been too old to join up, and he was also a miner, which meant that he worked in an industry considered essential for the war effort. He had nothing to talk about from the war, except for the fact that he worked underground and hewed coal out of the earth, and got his back broken in 1943 from a roof collapse in the mine. He so much regretted missing the war -- his war, he called it -- that as soon as his grandchildren were old enough to talk, he told them stories like this. It was only many years later, when I was nearly a grown man, that I found out the truth: that my grandfather was not, in fact, a war hero.
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CC-MAIN-2013-20
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Albert of Saxony (philosopher)
Albert of Saxony (Latin: Albertus de Saxonia) (c. 1320 – 8 July 1390) was a German philosopher known for his contributions to logic and physics. He was bishop of Halberstadt from 1366 until his death.
At Paris, he became a master of arts (a professor), and held this post from 1351 until 1362. He also studied theology at the Sorbonne, although without receiving a degree. In 1353, he was rector of the University of Paris. After 1362, Albert went to the court of Pope Urban V in Avignon as an envoy of Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, in order to negotiate the founding of the University of Vienna. The negotiations were successful, and Albert became the first rector of this University in 1365.
In 1366, Albert was elected bishop of Halberstadt (counted as Albert III), Halberstadt being the diocese in which he was born. As Bishop of Halberstadt, he allied himself with Magnus with the Necklace, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, against Gebhard of Berg, Bishop of Hildesheim, and was taken prisoner by Gebhard in the battle of Dinckler in 1367.
He died at Halberstadt in 1390.
Albert was a pupil of Jean Buridan and was very much influenced by Buridan's teachings on physics and logic. As a natural philosopher, he worked in the tradition of John Buridan and contributed to the spread of Parisian natural philosophy throughout Italy and central Europe. Similar to Buridan, Albert combined critical analysis of language with epistemological realism. Albert distinguishes, as Buridan did, between what is absolutely impossible or contradictory and what is impossible “in the common course of nature” and considers hypotheses under circumstances that are not naturally possible but imaginable given God’s absolute power. Albert refused to extend the reference of a physical term to supernatural, purely imaginary possibilities. Later regarded as one of the principal adherents of nominalism, along with his near contemporaries at Paris, John Buridan and Marsilius of Inghen, whose works are often so similar as to be confused with each other. The subsequent wide circulation of Albert’s work made him a better-known figure in some areas than more talented contemporaries like Buridan and Nicole Oresme.
Albert's work in logic also shows strong influence by William of Ockham, whose commentaries on the logica vetus (on Porphyry, and Aristotle's Categoriae and De interpretatione) were made the subject of a series of works called Quaestiones by Albert.
- Initial stage. Motion is in a straight line in direction of impetus which is dominant while gravity is insignificant
- Intermediate stage. Path begins to deviate downwards from straight line as part of a great circle as air resistance slows projectile and gravity recovers.
- Last stage. Gravity alone draws projectile downwards vertically as all impetus is spent.
This theory was a precursor to the modern theory of inertia.
Although Buridan remained the predominant figure in logic, Albert's Perutilis logica[ca. 1360] was destined to serve as a popular text because of its systematic nature and also because it takes up and develops essential aspects of the Ockhamist position. Albert accepted Ockham’s conception of the nature of a sign. Albert believed that signification rests on a referential relation of the sign to the individual thing, and that the spoken sign depends for its signification on the conceptual sign. Albert followed Ockham in his conception of universals and in his theory of supposition. Specifically, Albert preserved Ockham’s notion of simple supposition: the direct reference of a term to the concept on which it depends when it signifies an extra-mental thing. Albert followed Ockham in his theory of categories and contrary to Buridan, refused to treat quantity as a feature of reality in its own right, but rather reduced it to a disposition of substance and quality. Albert established signification through a referential relation to a singular thing defining the relation of the spoken to conceptual signs as a relation of subordination. Albert’s treatment of relation was highly original. Although, like Ockham, he refused to make relations into things distinct from absolute entities, he clearly ascribed them to an act of the soul by which absolute entities are compared and placed in relation to each other. He therefore completely rejected certain propositions Ockham had admitted reasonable, even if he did not construe them in the same way.
Albert’s voluminous collection of Sophismata [ca. 1359] examined various sentences that raise difficulties of interpretation due to the presence of syncategorematic words- terms such as quantifiers and certain prepositions, which, according to medieval logicians, do not have a proper and determinate signification but rather modify the signification of the other terms in the propositions in which they occur. In his Sophismata, he followed William Heytesbury. In his analysis of epistemic verbs or of infinity, Albert admitted that a proposition has its own signification, which is not that of its terms: just like a syncategorematic word, a proposition signifies a “mode of a thing.” Albert made use of the idea of the distinguishable signification of the proposition in defining truth and in dealing with “insolubles” or paradoxes of self-reference. In this work he shows that since every proposition, by its very form, signifies that it is true, an insoluble proposition will turn out to be false because it will signify at once both that it is true and that it is false.
Albert also authored commentaries on Ars Vetus [ca.1356], a set of twenty-five Quaestiones logicales [ca. 1356] that involved semantical problems and the status of logic, and Quaestiones on the Posterior Analytics. Albert explored in a series of disputed questions the status of logic and semantics, as well as the theory of reference and truth. Albert was influenced by English logicians and was influential in the diffusion of terminist logic in central Europe. Albert is considered a major contributor in his theory of consequences, found in his Perutilis Logica. Albert took a major step forward in the medieval theory of logical deduction.
But it was his commentary on Aristotle's Physics that was especially widely read. Many manuscripts of it can be found in France and Italy, in Erfurt and Prague. Albert's Physics basically guaranteed the transmission of the Parisian tradition in Italy, where it was authoritative along with the works of Heytesbury and John Dumbleton. His commentary on Aristotle's De caelo was also influential, eventually eclipsing Buridan's commentary on this text. Blasius of Parma read it in Bologna between 1379 and 1382. A little later, it enjoyed a wide audience at Vienna. His Treatise on Proportions was often quoted in Italy where, in addition to the texts of Bradwardine and Oresme, it influenced the application of the theory of proportions to motion.
Albert’s commentaries on the Nicomachean Ethics and the Economics also survive (both unedited), as well as several short mathematical texts, most notably Tractatus proportionum [ca. 1353]. Although Albert studied theology in Paris, no theological writing survived.
Albert played an essential role in the diffusion throughout Italy and central Europe of Parisian ideas which bore the mark of Buridan's teachings, but which were also clearly shaped by Albert's own grasp of English innovations. At the same time, Albert was not merely a compiler of the work of others. He knew how to construct proofs of undeniable originality on many topics in logic and physics.
- Perutilis Logica Magistri Alberti de Saxonia (Very Useful Logic), Venice 1522 and Hildesheim 1974 (reproduction)
- Albert of Saxony's twenty-five disputed questions on logic. A critical edition of his Quaestiones circa logicam / by Michael J. Fitzgerald, Leiden: Brill, 2002
- Quaestiones in artem veterem critical edition by Angel Muñoz Garcia, Maracaibo, Venezuela: Universidad del Zulia,1988
- Quaestiones on the Posterior Analytics
- Quaestiones logicales (Logical Questions)
- De consequentiis (On Consequences) - attributed
- De locis dialecticis (On Dialectical Topics) - attributed
- Sophismata et Insolubilia et Obligationes, Paris 1489 and Hildesheim 1975 (reproduction)
- Expositio et quaestiones in Aristotelis Physicam ad Albertum de Saxonia attributae critical edition by Benoit Patar, Leuven, Peeters Publishers, 1999
- Questiones subtilissime in libros Aristotelis de caelo et mundo, Venetiis, 1492. Questiones subtilissime super libros posteriorum, Venetiis 1497 Hildesheim 1986 (reproduction)
- Alberti de Saxonia Quæstiones in Aristotelis De cælo critical edition by Benoit Patar, Leuven, Peeters Publishers, 2008
- De latudinibus, Padua 1505
- De latitudinibus formarum
- De maximo et minimo
- De quadratura circuli - Question on the Squaring of the Circle
- Tractatus proportionum, Venice 1496 and Vienna 1971: editor Hubertus L. Busard
English translations
- Albert of Saxony, Quaestiones circa Logicam: Twenty-Five Disputed Questions on Logic, trans. Michael J. Fitzgerald, Dallas Medieval Texts and Translations 9 (Louvain and Paris: Peeters, 2010)
See also
- Michael McCloskey: Impetustheorie und Intuition in der Physik.. In: Spektrum der Wissenschaft: Newtons Universum, Heidelberg 1990, ISBN 3-89330-750-8, S.18
- Albert of Saxony entry by Joél Biard in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2008-04-29
- O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Albert of Saxony (philosopher)", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews.
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz (1975). "Albert von Sachsen (eigentlich: Albert von Rickmersdorf; auch: Albert von Helmstedt; Albertus de Saxonia)". In Bautz, Friedrich Wilhelm. Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German) 1. Hamm: Bautz. cols. 83–84. ISBN 3-88309-013-1.
- Grant, Edward, (2003) A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages, In Gracia, J., J., E. & Noone, T. B. (Eds.), Blackwell Companions to Philosophy (Malden, MA: Blackwell).
- Pasnau, Robert. The Cambridge History of Medieval Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010).
- Zedlers Universal-Lexicon, vol. 1, p. 542
- Rochus von Liliencron (1875), "Albert von Sachsen", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB) (in German) 1, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 182–183
Further reading
- Joel Biard (ed.), Itinéraires d’Albert de Saxe. Paris Vienne au XIVe siècle Paris, Vrin, 1991.
- Moody, Ernest A. (1970). "Albert of Saxony". Dictionary of Scientific Biography 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 93–95. ISBN 0-684-10114-9.
- Thijssen, Johannes M. M. H. (2007). "Albert of Saxony". New Dictionary of Scientific Biography 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 34–36. ISBN 978-0-684-31320-7.
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Read the Original Article at http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=232901052
launched an online directory of its pharmacists to help consumers identify local druggists who have special clinical training and expertise and/or can speak their languages. While websites that provide information on physicians, hospitals, home health agencies, and other providers have proliferated in recent years, Walgreens says this is the first such listing of pharmacists.
A Walgreens-sponsored survey found that in addition to location, consumers choose one pharmacy over another based on pharmacist training and areas of expertise. Nearly 70% of respondents said they would choose a different location or pharmacist if the druggist had training that met their health needs.
"The pharmacist-patient relationship can be very instrumental in helping to improve health outcomes because patients often are talking with their pharmacist more often than their primary care physician," noted Kermit Crawford, Walgreens president of health, pharmacy and wellness, in a statement. "Establishing a personal relationship with your pharmacist can help improve health outcomes by helping customers feel comfortable and confident in working with their pharmacist for information, advice and support."
Among the pharmacist specialties highlighted on the Walgreens website are medication adherence, immunizations, diabetes management, children's health, wellness education, medication side effects, and HIV care.
[ Doctors and patients are turning more often to mobile medical apps. See 9 Mobile Health Apps Worth A Closer Look. ]
Some Walgreens pharmacists received special training in these areas in pharmacy school, and others hold certificates from institutions that give training courses, noted Dave Lovejoy, Walgreens' group VP for pharmacy services, in an interview with InformationWeek Healthcare. For example, the American Red Cross certifies pharmacists' expertise in giving immunization shots, he said.
Consumers can also use the directory to find out whether anyone in their local Walgreens pharmacy can speak their language. If not, perhaps a pharmacist in another local Walgreens can. And if that doesn't work, a pharmacist can consult an internal directory of the chain's 28,000 pharmacists, who speak a total of 16 languages, and find someone who can translate for the customer in the store.
Another key feature of Walgreens' "find a pharmacist" program is the ability of consumers to make appointments with pharmacies if they have specific needs. While they can't book a time to speak with a particular pharmacist, they can ask the store when that individual is scheduled to be in the store, Lovejoy said.
Walgreens hopes that this approach will help build closer relationships between patients and their neighborhood pharmacists, Lovejoy said. In addition, the chain aims to elevate the profile of pharmacists in the healthcare world.
"What we're trying to showcase is that the pharmacist is a significant part of the healthcare environment," he said. "We want to allow our pharmacists to do more of what they've been trained to do, which is practice at the top of their license. Our pharmacists are excited because they're doing what they've been trained for, which is to help patients manage their health and have better outcomes."
The online directory is available on mobile devices, which have become a significant component of Walgreens' marketing strategy. The chain's "refill by scan" feature, which allows consumers to use mobile devices to scan bar codes on pill bottles and send in refill requests, now accounts for more than 40% of Walgreens' renewals, Lovejoy said. Recently, the chain added two new mobile features: A "pill reminder" app allows iPhone users to track their medication schedules and receive reminders on preset schedules. And "Transfer by Scan" gives iPhone and Android users the ability to transfer their prescriptions from other pharmacies to Walgreens.
Additionally, Walgreens sends refill reminder and "prescription-ready" text alerts to more than 2 million of its customers.
The chain's online strategy also extends to its Walgreens' Take Care subsidiary, which operates 350 retail clinics in Walgreens stores. Recently, Take Care launched online appointment scheduling. Customers can also look up cost, quality and wait time information on the Take Care website.
Lovejoy said that Walgreens is looking into ways to combine its "find a pharmacist" feature with Take Care's online approach. "You can schedule an appointment at Take Care as well," he pointed out. "And we believe that one day those will be one and seamless, and we'll be putting our nurse practitioners on the same type of availability [as pharmacists] to connect those with our patients as well."
The 2012 InformationWeek Healthcare IT Priorities Survey finds that grabbing federal incentive dollars and meeting pay-for-performance mandates are the top issues facing IT execs. Find out more in the new, all-digital Time To Deliver issue of InformationWeek Healthcare. (Free registration required.)
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War cannot be sanitized
Published: Saturday, January 21, 2012 at 8:51 p.m.
Last Modified: Saturday, January 21, 2012 at 8:51 p.m.
It is true the conduct of those Marines who relieved themselves on the dead bodies of their enemy was a bit over the top.
War is ugly. Men and women who fight the wars for us are trained to win for their country. It is also a fact that they are fighting for each other first and foremost.
Today’s military operates in smaller, highly specialized units where the loss of a fellow trooper is akin to losing a family member. Survivors want to avenge that loss. The general public could not digest the real truth of how terrible war really is.
In our own recent history, Gen. Sherman’s swath through the Southeast, killing and destroying everything in order to bring our Civil War to a more hasty conclusion. War is hell. That has not changed since Cain and Abel.
Disrespecting bodies of dead terrorists is not nearly as bad as the torture and beheading of captured combatants and non-combatants as well. Our own troops are faced with that from day one to day last.
My prayer to the Department of the Navy is that it does not cave in to the uninformed public. Treat these men as soldiers and sons.
Give them a staunch reprimand and send them back into duty.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.
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According to a news report on Chinese media, the hottest new fad in China involves selling a live fish, or a Brazilian turtle or a young giant salamander sealed up in airtight plastic bags as key rings. Each packet is about 7 centimeters in length and filled with colored water along with the imprisoned animal.
The street vendors claim the water is nutrient rich, but they are not. Without oxygen and food the animals get to live for only a few days, if they are lucky. The most depressing part is that the whole thing is legal.
Come and join us …
Ocean Story is transforming into an Ocean Conservation Co-operative, building projects propsed by and voted for my our members. Every voice counts and together we can create a Powerful Wave of Transformation.
We are taking an 80ft sailing vessel, converted into an Emissary of Peace, Unity and Ocean Conservation around the world. The boat will be transformed into a work of art (with her hull and sails to be turned into a mosaic of people’s art, songs, poems etc) and a crusader, carrying a crew of teachers, creative storytellers, musicians and conservationists working in unity for ocean awareness and positive change.
Setting sail on a campaign voyage with a mission to inspire and educate, the project is creating material to be distributed throughout existing education media channels in schools, internationally. The campaign centres around, not just conservation facts, but also the greater realisation that each person is a wave maker, with the freedom and power to make beautiful waves on the planet.
To register for our Free Newsletter Click Herecreate a wave
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Bernadine Healy, the first female director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), died on Saturday (August 6) from brain cancer at the age of 67, reports ScienceInsider.
Healy was a long-time proponent of women’s health. Just three weeks after accepting her appointment as NIH director under President George H. W. Bush in 1991, she launched the $625 million Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), a mammoth health study of 150,000 women to investigate heart disease, breast cancer, and other diseases that are the leading cause of illness in postmenopausal women. She spoke before Congress, explaining that “we need a moon walk for women,” according to her NIH video bio. As director of the NIH, an appointment she held until 1993, she also established a policy requiring all NIH-funded studies involving an affliction of both men and women to include women in the clinical trials.
The WHI was “the most definitive, far-reaching clinical trial of women’s health ever undertaken in the United States,” current NIH Director Francis S. Collins said in a statement. “Dr. Healy will be long remembered for her visionary efforts that transformed the landscape of women’s health research.”
After Healy’s NIH appointment was not renewed by President Bill Clinton in 1993, she went on to become dean of Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, president of the American Heart Association, and president of the American Red Cross, serving the latter position during the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. She is survived by her husband, Floyd Loop, and two daughters.
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