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The Hibernation Start In An Environment Of Sleep
I guess most of you feel exactly the same thing from time to time, especially during the rather cold winter days when the mere thought of getting up from bed in the morning makes one release such sounds as “Zbrrrrrrrr” followed by the rather classic “I want to sleep just a few minutes more…just a millisecond!”. It all sounds as if we beg humanity to let us lie for just a few minutes more, the whole day if we happen to feel just too exhausted to even dare face a new day. No matter the case, the hibernation syndrome exists in almost each of us and makes its presence felt especially in these rather freezing days or if not freezing then winter days for sure. Did you ever felt jealous of all the animals that spend the winter time catching forty winks in their burrows until the snow hits the road? Much like it happens in the already famous song solemnly intonating such words as “Hit the road Jack and don’t you come back no more”, the same thing happens with snow yet by some trick known by itself only it manages to come back, at least in certain parts of this planet.
Have you ever given a thought and tried to envisage a planet in which humans would spend the winter hibernating much like the squirrels, the bats, lemurs, skunks, chipmunks, possums, hedgehogs and many other small mammals do? It would probably be boring not to do anything, have no activity whatsoever and instead just linger in some place, probably on the bed or around the house. Yet, since we can not really afford to do this and we were not architecturally built to hibernate (even though many of us wish things were different) we have to wake up each morning and face a new day with a pretended energy many times, a fake appetite for work and action. I am not saying here that this happens every time (if it did then something is clearly wrong there with our internal clock), yet from time to time each of us may feel like being a little bit lazier than usually. I guess each of us felt like goofing off from time to time or simply horsing around.
Was ever a morning or a day in your life when you just felt like remaining in bed, pulling over the blanket over your nose and just taking a good long nap, a nap that would sometimes last an entire day? Mot often this happens on chilly winter mornings rather than in those beautiful sunny summer mornings. It is said that much like nature that decides to take a good sleep during winter, so does the human body, or at least this is supposedly what our mind tells our body to do. Yet there are many processes going on there in the human body.
First there is the already famous melatonin which causes us to feel sleepy then there is the cool atmosphere that surrounds our whole being and makes us look for the warmth of a blanket or of a fireplace. However, though surprisingly for many of you, evidences have come to prove that we do sleep better in cooler temperatures. It has to do something with our “core body temperature” and with how well we manage to control our internal thermostat.
But up to the moment we do that, meaning regulate our thermostat, winter time is here and hibernation settles in. Though we humans do not necessarily hide in our “dens”, closing the “store” for months at a time like animals do, we do have the tendency to make oneself at home or how some would say take a break from all the agitation that surrounds us the rest of the year and become more tranquilized as soon as the sun rays turn paler and not as strong as they used to be during the summer days long time left behind.
I find much inspiration and truth in the words once uttered by Charles Caleb Colton: “The bed is a bundle of paradoxes: we go to it with reluctance, yet we quit it with regret; We make up our minds every night to leave it early, but we make up our bodies every morning to keep it late.” This happens in my case too…yet the bed never ceases to look “appetizing” whenever I happen to feel drained of strength. I guess this is your case too, unless you happen to be more like a kind of person who thinks that sleeping is a waste of time and better stay awake and active all day and all night, in just a few words: live life to the full of it. How about the rather different perspective, the one which envisages things as Wilson Mizener said it once “The amount of sleep required by the average person is five minutes more.”? I’d say that it sounds pretty well…and that perhaps we should learn from our hibernating friends and take a good nap this freezing winter season, and while dreaming repeat such words as “Oh sleep! It is a gentle thing, / Beloved from pole to pole.” (At least this is what Samuel Taylor Coleridge thought).11 | <urn:uuid:e96409c2-519d-417e-961d-008848b0a381> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.metrolic.com/the-hibernation-start-in-an-environment-of-sleep-154766/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696383156/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092623-00056-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966287 | 1,062 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Originally published Sept. 3, 2012.
Students are seeing healthier and more nutritious foods in the cafeteria as they return to school this year.
The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010, which establishes new nutrition standards for school meals, is being implemented locally by Ken Akins, director of food service for Huntington County Community School Corporation.
The standards specifically mandate that students be offered both fruits and vegetables every day of the week; offerings of whole grain-rich foods and low-fat milk or fat-free milk be substantially increased; calories be limited based on the age of children being served to ensure proper portion size; and the amounts of saturated fat, trans fats and sodium be reduced.
Changes Akins has made to school lunch menus reflect these new standards.
"The details of how we put vegetables into the rotation of the menus, we've had to change that," says Akins.
"We're also adding more whole wheat. We had to get to 51 percent whole wheat products that we serve.
"We're working on lowering the sodium. Much of the whole wheat products and the sodium, the industry is working on right now."
Akins says the increased presence of whole grains and the altered vegetable rotation should be the biggest changes students note.
While this school year was the first in which the standards had to take effect, Akins says that steps were taken to adopt them before now so that the transition would be smoother.
"We went to fat-free milk - I think this is our second year - and then we have been getting whole grain breads for a while," he says.
Of the new school lunches, Lincoln Elementary third grader Frank Roth says, "They're mostly the same."
However, efforts to supply their lunch trays with healthier foods have not gone totally unnoticed by Roth and his classmates.
"The lunch lady gave him some grapes when he got the PB and J and that might be new with PB and J," says Roth of a classmate's lunch.
Overall, Akins is satisfied with the new standards and how they have been implemented.
"I think it'll be a good thing for kids. I really do," he says. "It'll be healthier and the whole industry is following along."
Complete caption: Lincoln Elementary School third-graders (from left) Frank Roth, Kaelan Lease and Landon Emerick enjoy lunch on Thursday, Aug. 30. School meals in the Huntington County Community School Corporation and nationwide fell subject to the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 this school year, which establishes new nutrition standards for school meals. | <urn:uuid:41a1e6f4-b933-4cd6-ac8a-8aa13be58dfa> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.huntingtoncountytab.com/feature/18537/kids-seeing-healthier-more-nutritious-foods-school-cafeterias-year | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700264179/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516103104-00039-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977991 | 536 | 2.375 | 2 |
According to Relevant Magazine many churches across the country are taking a Sunday off. This is a terrific idea, and one well past due. Many Christians are in the habit of setting Sunday mornings aside for worship, and the rest of their weeks are quite busy. Skipping church to BE the Church is most appropriate. Some churches have reported 90% participation in these events.
I have an idea: Why not tithe Sundays? Of 50 odd weeks in a year that would entail 5 Sundays a year of community service. If 100 million or so Americans attend church regularly, and they all gave 3 hours 5 times a year that would produce 1.5 billion hours of community service per year.
I have long advocated the tithing of Sundays, previously for visiting other churches, which might predictably happen if the above plan became regular, in order to keep from getting to set in our ways, and to foster co-operation among churches and good will. This is taking it a step further.
While the importance of a close community of believers is very real, it is important to be flexible, and to stretch the way we think about these things. | <urn:uuid:3c5417c1-9aff-4369-aac4-cf6162e4e143> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.failuretorefrain.com/naturalaw/?p=201 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699273641/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516101433-00017-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975076 | 230 | 1.53125 | 2 |
We created Pandora to put the Music Genome Project directly in your hands
It’s a new kind of radio –
stations that play only music you like
born in Graz, Austria, composed during the Modern period
Marx was born to a professional family in Graz. His father was Austrian, and his mother was Italian. Several members of his family were well schooled in musical fundamentals, which they taught him. He seems not to have shown any particular signs of extraordinary musical ability nor inclination for music as a profession. He attended the University of Graz, where he studied philosophy, art history, and German studies, earning a doctorate in 1909. By then he had started studying composition with Degner, and added musicology to his course of studies. His doctoral dissertation was on a musical subject, "The Functions of Intervals in Harmony and Melody for the Comprehension of Time-complexes."
His growing interest in music led to the growth of a dispute with his family, who wanted him to become a lawyer. He refused, leading to a complete break of relations with them that lasted for some time. He began composing professionally at the age of 26.
He became noted as a composer of art songs in the line of Hugo Wolf, writing 120 such Lieder within four years. Many of the songs were quickly adopted by important singers and became quite popular in Austria. Commentators find an Italian strain in his songs that they attribute to Marx's mother. In 1914 he received an offer to become professor of theory at the Imperial Music Academy. He remained with the Academy until 1927, becoming the director in 1922, succeeding Ferdinand Löwe. In 1924, as part of the post-War reorganization of Austrian state functions following the end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, his title was changed to Rector, and the name of the institution became the Hochschule für Musik.
During the 1920s he concentrated on symphonic writing, composing Autumn Symphony and a work he called the "Romantic Piano Concerto," a large scale set of three nature poems for orchestra.
His naming the concerto "Romantic" reflected his aesthetic viewpoint: He was a conservative who resisted the atonality and serial style of Schoenberg and his pupils Berg and Webern. As such, he is representative of a group of Viennese composers including Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Alexander von Zemlinsky, and Wilhelm Grosz who did not accept atonality. The International Society for Contemporary Music vigorously promoted Schoenberg's style, and by 1923 entirely dominated the Salzburg Festival to the exclusion of tonal and post-Romantic composers. Marx and Korngold formed their own festival in 1923 to present the best of modern music not using serial composition. The success of the alternative festival infuriated the ISCM. As the serialist position eventually dominated international musical academics until nearly 1980 (except where totalitarian governments intervened), Marx and his group were forgotten and written off; the New Grove Dictionary of 1980 rated him as "a composer of purely local interest."
Marx began in 1931 writing regular music criticism for the Neues Wiener Journal (losing the job in 1938 when Nazi Germany absorbed Austria and took over the newspapers). After the war, he worked for the Wiener Zeitung as a leading critic. He also was a consultant in the founding of the Turkish state conservatory in Ankara in 1932.
Around 1930, he ceased writing orchestral music, concentrating on attractive, well-wrought chamber music that explored and advanced many different styles, excepting atonal ones. He published theoretical textbooks and collections of his musical journalism. ~ Joseph Stevenson, Rovi | <urn:uuid:de2117a0-6eeb-4ee7-a963-d26d04a291b2> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://pandora.com/joseph-marx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368702810651/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516111330-00050-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979067 | 757 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Who's Who - Andrei Zayonchkovski
Andrei Zayonchkovski (1862-1926) commanded the defence of the Romanian-Bulgarian border upon Romania's entry into World War One in August 1916.
Zayonchkovski was handed command of the combined Russian/Romanian Dobruja Detachment (comprised of three divisions) following Romania's belated entry into the war on 27 August 1916, with Prime Minister Ion Bratianu's declaration of war with Austria-Hungary.
Zayonchkovski was charged with defending Romania's border with Bulgaria. He was not however impressed with the calibre of the Romanian troops with whom he was expected to work. His first contact with them was unfortunate: several Romanian units surrendered to Zayonchkovski upon the latter's arrival, assuming his force were arriving Bulgarians.
Relations never effectively recovered, with disagreement rife between the two command structures. Zayonchkovski was denied repeated calls for reinforcement from Russian central command, Stavka.
During October 1916 his force was forced from the Dobruja into Moldavia (losing control of the key port of Constanza) by the invariably successful August von Mackensen's Danube Army. Zayonchkovski was eventually replaced the following April (by Shcherbachev), having long pressed to be relieved.
In retirement by the time of the Bolshevik October Revolution of 1917, Zayonchkovski nevertheless re-emerged to serve with the Red Army in 1918, fighting anti-Bolshevik White forces in the Ukraine. He also spent a period lecturing at the Red Army Military Academy, and led the commission established to investigate the lessons of the war.
He died in 1926.
Both British and German fleets had around 45 submarines available at the time of the Battle of Jutland, but none were put to use.
- Did you know? | <urn:uuid:ba5643dc-a151-4d5a-81c1-0d42ed340f7c> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://firstworldwar.com/bio/zayonchovski.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368711005985/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516133005-00029-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976249 | 402 | 2.421875 | 2 |
E. Karangwa, S. Miles and I. Lewis
International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, vol. 57, 2010, p.267-278
This article explores the meaning of community and perceptions of disability in urban and rural Rwanda. The study took place in an educational policy context driven by international rhetoric about human rights, inclusion, and arguably unachievable Education for All targets. It is argued that the emphasis on inclusion of marginalised groups in Rwanda's current education policy is a reality on paper but not in practice.
International Journal of Education Economics and Development, Vol. 1. 2010, p.243-258
Education remains an important determinant of economic and social opportunities for individuals. However, within group inequalities in access to education are not studied broadly. This paper seeks to explore the reasons for higher within group inequality among females in access to schooling in Turkey. Results suggest that occupation of the household head, size and the composition of the family, and education of the parents have a significant impact on schooling decisions for girls. The paper contributes to the literature in a twofold manner. First, it provides empirical evidence of schooling distribution in Turkey. Second, it investigates the factors that disproportionately affect schooling decisions for girls.
R. Brown (editor)
London: Routledge, 2010
The introduction of market forces into higher education is the most crucial issue facing universities and colleges today. As the role of universities in the knowledge society becomes ever more apparent, and as public funding reaches its limit, marketisation has become an issue of critical importance. Discussions about the ever-increasing cost of tuition, affordability, access, university rankings, information, and the commercialization of academic research take place not just in North America, Western Europe and Australasia, but also in Eastern Europe, Asia and Latin America. The book provides a comprehensive account of this phenomenon, and looks at its likely impact on key dimensions of university activity: system structure, funding and resources, the curriculum, participation and achievement, research and scholarship and interactions with third parties. Contributors propose how market forces, government intervention and academic self-regulation can be combined to harness the benefits of increased competition and efficiency without losing the public good.
Tertiary Education and Management, Vol. 16, 2010, p. 229-241
In the past three decades, higher education reforms have taken place almost everywhere in the world, and governance or the way that higher education is or should be coordinated has become a global topic. The governance reform in Chinese higher education emerged against such a background. The current studies on Chinese higher education reforms mainly tackle the reform processes and treat the Chinese government as the driver of the reforms, whereas how the Chinese government is susceptible to international pressures has remained under-researched. This article examines the mechanisms that facilitate the spread of global governance reform ideologies in Chinese higher education through the Chinese government, drawing on the concept of institutional isomorphism. Based on analysing recent literature and documents, it concludes that the Chinese government is influenced by the global reform ideas and practices that have been legitimatised through international organisations' rhetoric and other countries' successful experiences.
J. Zajda (editor)
London: Springer, 2010
This volume analyses the role schools might play in the communities of the future. The contributors argue that, globally, education and pedagogy in particular, as that sphere of human activity most concerned with the deliberate way in which consciousness and conscience are formed, and identity inculcated, have the capacity to contribute significantly to a world in which social justice, tolerance and care for the environment become the dominant social paradigm. As with the others in this series, the aim of this volume is to provide an accessible and practical, yet scholarly source of information about international concerns in the field of globalisation, global pedagogies, and educational transformation. The chapters indicate directions in education and policy research, which will be relevant to transformational educational reforms in the 21st century. The book's two sections focus first on main trends and issues around the world, before moving on to explore the interplay between education and the concepts of equality, access and democracy. Researchers and educationalists will find much to ponder, from an examination of the politics of new history textbooks in Russia, to the difference in attitudes to tertiary education displayed by young people from urban and rural backgrounds.
K. S. Louis; B. Dretzke and K. Wahlstrom
School Effectiveness and School Improvement, Vol. 21, Sept. 2010, p. 315-336
Using survey responses from a national sample of US teachers, this paper provides insight into 2 questions:
The authors tie this investigation of school leader behaviours to 2 additional factors that have also received increasing attention in research because they have been shown to be related to student achievement: professional community and the quality of classroom instruction. The analysis provides an empirical test of the notion that leadership variables are positively related to student learning. It also suggests that both shared and instructionally focused leadership are complementary approaches for improving schools.
E. Reichrath, L. P.de Witte and I. Winkens
International Journal of Inclusive Education, Vol. 14, 2010, p. 563-580
Implementing effective interventions in general education increases the chances of success for students with disabilities. Often the effectiveness of interventions is not known. The aim of this review was to investigate what interventions are used in general education and what is known about their effectiveness so that educational institutions can exchange best practices and students with disabilities have better opportunities for successful participation in general education. A systematic literature search was conducted in four databases. Three investigators assessed the relevance of the studies identified. In only half of the studies is information on the effectiveness of interventions reported. Due to enormous variety in the types of interventions, effect measures, disability groups, and focus on different types of education, the authors chose to focus on reading interventions for improving the reading skills of students with reading and/or learning disabilities. Other interventions are briefly mentioned. All of the eight reading interventions found seem to have positive influences on reading skills. However, the methodological quality of some studies was low. Still, recommendations for actual interventions in general education are made. Measuring the effectiveness of interventions systematically and publishing the information helps others to implement effective interventions without having to reinvent them.
C. Wendelborg and J. Tossebro
Disability and Society, vol.25, 2010, p. 701-714
This article examines how children with disabilities participate in regular primary schools in Norway and how and why this participation changes as children grow older. Data were gathered through interviews with and questionnaire surveys of parents of children with disabilities born 1993-1995. Results show that even if disabled children attend regular primary schools, many of them do not participate fully in routine classroom activities and that levels of participation decrease as the children grow older. Despite the fact that public policies in Norway are based on a social model of disability, schools in reality take an individual case by case approach to children with disabilities reflecting a medical model.
C. Gifford; S. Goncalves and others
European Political Science, Vol. 9, Sept. 2010, p. 341-355
This paper is concerned with the role of higher education institutions (HEIs) in constituting European post national citizenships. The central argument is that the Europeanisation of rights, and the administrative regulation of higher education that follows from this, are limited as instruments for developing post-national citizenship as they reinforce and conceal social and cultural divisions. An individualist and organisational conception of citizenship is contrasted with the possibilities for post-national citizenship enacted within HEIs considered as significant political actors within a broadly conceived European public sphere.
C. W. Barrow
New Political Science, vol. 32, 2010, p. 317-344
Over the course of the last century, many of the stresses and contradictions of advanced capitalism have been displaced onto colleges and universities, which are now directly attached to the state - whether legally, politically, or financially - as an important component of the ideological and economic state apparatuses. As a component of the ideological and economic state apparatuses, the university is implicated in the state's ongoing fiscal crisis as both a cause of the crisis and a solution to the crisis. The author argues that the possibilities for crisis management within the existing corporate model of higher education have been exhausted in a rationality crisis that threatens to implode the administrative apparatus in higher education. The author calls for a radical reconstruction of power relationships within the university and in its relationships to capital and the state.
C. Chapman and M. Hadfield
Educational Research, Vol. 52, 2010, p. 309-323
Formalised networks have become integral features of many education systems. Some networks have emerged organically as practitioners have sought to share and improve practice while others have been systematically planned and supported by policy makers in an attempt to raise the overall effectiveness of entire systems. However, despite their rising popularity the literature pertaining to their purposes, design and function remains limited. Furthermore, their impact on schools, teachers and students is even less clear. This article draws on the literature and the authors' research on school-based networks to explore their nature and contribution to school improvement. It argues that three specific areas warrant further investigation: first, the constitution or mix and balance of those involved in the network, second, the relationships or the interactions between those involved in the network, and third, the purpose and identity or the aims and objectives of the network and the identity those involved create for the network. A deeper understanding of these areas will go some way to realising the potential of school-based networks.
K. Mortier, G. Van Hove and E. De Schauwer
International Journal of Inclusive Education, Vol. 14, 2010, p. 543-561
This paper presents the experiences and interpretations of children, parents, teachers and support staff concerning the implementation of support for disabled children in regular class room environments in Flanders, Belgium. The data were gathered through observation, interviews and focus group meetings. Those multiple perspectives provide insights into the complexity of implementing support in a regular education context. The conclusions offer some possibilities for debate and alternative ways of thinking about support that facilitate inclusive school communities by tapping into resources such as the children, the environment, creativity and courage to leave the beaten path.
International Journal of Inclusive Education, Vol. 14, 2010, p. 609-629
This paper seeks to examine current policy reforms that situate education as a means of addressing social inclusion. Borrowing from the work of Popkewitz and Lindblad, the paper takes the form of a cross-disciplinary literature review that informs understanding of the relationship between educational governance and social inclusion/exclusion in policy research in Australia. To do so, the author examines the assumptions, omissions and contradictions in policy direction via two problematics - the engagement problematic and the early intervention and prevention problematic - to emphasise how policy discourse produces ways of thinking about inclusion/exclusion. The author argues that discourses of engagement and intervention and prevention reinscribe each other, acting as a palimpsest which produces notions of the 'proper' family and 'proper' participation. These notions of propriety ironically exclude particular types of individuals and families by situating them outside of possibilities for 'success' in social and systemic participation. Therefore, the author seeks to examine the 'systems of reason' that enable these discursively produced notions of propriety to become normalised.
G. N. Marks
School Effectiveness and School Improvement, Vol. 21, 2010, p. 267-287
The purpose of this paper is to identify school effects on student performance for tertiary entrance in Australia, taking into account student-level predictors using longitudinal data from the 2003 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) study. It finds that aspects of schooling, such as positive attitudes to school and disciplinary climate, affect student performance at the student level but not generally at the school level. The socioeconomic context of schools has no effect on student performance when taking into account schools' academic context. Apart from academic context, teacher shortage, academic press, and teacher efficacy were the only school factors that had positive significant effects on student performance. The policy implications are that school-based policies are unlikely to improve performance or promote equity, but, instead, policies should focus more on students falling behind, who are found across the school system, not limited to a small proportion of schools with particular characteristics. | <urn:uuid:344f4a2a-9e28-4c75-a6fd-765193622f11> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.bl.uk/welfarereform/issue136/educover.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368702810651/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516111330-00049-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941395 | 2,551 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Over the past decade-plus of action in Iraq and Afghanistan, almost 800 robots have been blown up or otherwise destroyed in combat.
This means that an equal number of “soldiers, sailors, airmen and Marines have had their lives or limbs saved,” said U.S. Marine Corps Lt. Col. Benjamin Stinson, project manager with the Pentagon’s Robotic Systems Joint Project Office.
One of the major robotics efforts taking place is the Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization’s (JIEDDO) evaluation of four ground robotic systems, wrapping up operational assessments in Afghanistan. Kicked off in June 2011, the $22 million program is designed to meet commanders’ urgent battlefield requests for smaller, lighter robots to help sniff out IEDs and give dismounted troops better situational awareness.
JIEDDO originally identified six robots as potential solutions, but whittled that to four to send to Afghanistan last summer.
The Ultra-Light Reconnaissance Robots program sent 400 robots, 100 from each competitor, to be tested. These were the Armadillo, a 5.5-pound system made by MacroUSA; QinetiQ’s Dragon Runner 10, which weighs about 10 pounds; iRobot’s FirstLook, a 5-pound throwable robot; and Recon Robotics’ 1.2-pound Throwbot.
JIEDDO officials have said they expect results to be available in the October time frame, and given the multiple capability gaps identified by troops in Afghanistan, it’s likely that more than one system will win a contract.
According to the Robotic Systems JPO Roadmap for 2012-2025, both JIEDDO and the Marine Corps are moving a bit faster than the U.S. Army in fielding some of these systems, with the Corps acquiring 222 Dragon Runner robots, along with 92 Recon Scout XTs.
But with 8,000 robots purchased by the Pentagon since 2001, and 3,500 operating in Afghanistan, what happens when the coalition’s withdrawal is complete?
Stinson said that as with many other programs, “there will be a divestiture, and there will be some robots that we get rid of.”
But the Pentagon doesn’t plan to just throw them out. The plan is to repair as many as possible and give them to other government agencies, colleges and laboratories.
“We don’t anticipate many robots being thrown on the scrapheap,” he said.
Some of the biggest capability gaps in the current robotics fleet are the lack of manned/unmanned teaming, Stinson said, along with the lack of autonomy. Right now, one operator controls one robot, making ground robotics a manpower-intensive endeavor. | <urn:uuid:e78b6235-7dc2-4d9b-bfcc-a7510be2b2f0> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.defensenews.com/article/20121021/DEFREG02/310210006 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368711005985/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516133005-00045-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945795 | 570 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Transplants of insulin-producing cells from pigs could provide a diabetes cure within a decade, scientists say.
Pig body parts are already used in treating many human conditions
A US team has reversed the condition in monkeys by transplanting cell clusters, known as islets, from pig pancreases, a study in Nature Medicine reports.
UK teams have cured type 1 diabetes by transplanting human pancreas cells - but donated organs are in short supply, hence the interest in the pig solution.
The University of Minnesota hopes to start trials in humans by 2009.
The university's researchers argue that animal-to-human transplants may be necessary to make islet transplantation a viable solution for the tens of thousands of people who suffer from diabetes.
To overcome rejection of the pig cells, which has been a problem in the past with work such as this, the team worked to perfect a combination of drugs.
With the final drugs regime, all five monkey transplant recipients survived and their diabetes was reversed.
Associate professor of surgery and lead investigator Bernhard Hering said: "These results suggest it is feasible to use pig islet cells as a path to a far-reaching cure for diabetes."
He said the work had crucially allowed for a better understanding of the monkey's immune response following islet transplantation.
This was key if pig islet cells were to be used ultimately in humans, Professor Hering said.
However, the drugs used to suppress cell rejection have severe side-effects in humans and need to be refined.
"Now that we have identified critical pathways involved in immune recognition and rejection of pig islet transplants, we can begin working on better and safer therapies with the eventual goal of bringing the treatment into people," he added.
Nonetheless, Professor Hering suggested if clinical trials in humans began within three years, and everything went to plan, the procedure could be used more widely in humans within a decade.
Trials involving the transplant of islets from a donated human pancreas to a diabetes patient are currently ongoing at Oxford's Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism.
Once the cells are removed from the donated organ they are injected directly into the patient's liver in what is a fairly simple procedure.
If successful, the cells will enable the patient to make his own insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels, like non-diabetics.
The advantage of islet transplantation is that it stops patients from having to have the regular insulin injections.
Jo Brodie, islet project coordinator at Diabetes UK, said: "A major limiting factor in the use of either whole pancreas or islet cell transplantation is the lack of available donor organs.
"This research offers the potential for a new source of islet cells without the need for patients to be given anti-rejection drugs which have serious side effects.
"This research may have huge future potential in the treatment of people with Type 1 diabetes, but a great deal more work is needed.
"Also, serious ethical issues still need addressing as xenotransplantations are not currently undertaken in the UK."
'Work to do'
Paul Johnson, director of the Oxford islet transplantation programme, said there was no doubt islet transplantation could cure a significant number of people.
"The shortage of donor organs means we either have to turn to human stem cells or animal cells as an alternative.
"This is an advance but there's still a lot of work to be done before we can apply it to humans."
The Minnesota team is now building bio-secure laboratories that meet US federal regulations for using animal tissues in humans.
The goal is to have suitable donor pigs available when the team has refined its methods of preventing the recipient from rejecting the donated cells.
The heart valves of pigs have been used in hundreds of thousands of heart transplants, and pig cells have shown promise in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. | <urn:uuid:0898b983-06a1-4851-9994-c781b260758a> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4725082.stm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368710006682/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516131326-00020-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949518 | 810 | 3.015625 | 3 |
The City of Coachella, CA
The city of Coachella is located in the state of California in Riverside County and has a population of 40,168 as reported by the census of 2010. The largest nearby city to Coachella is Indio, approximately 5 miles from the city center.There are several family restaurants in or near Coachella, including Burns BROS Restaurant, Love's of California, Cabazon Resources Recovery Park, Andy's No 5 Burgers and Carl's Jr Restaurant. For a larger selection of Coachella restaurants select our Restaurants tab above. Visitors and residents can enjoy nearby Coachella Casinos and/or Golf Courses, including the Fantasy Springs Resort and Casino, Spotlight 29 Casino, Citrus Course at La Quinta Resort & Club, Indian/Mountain Course at Indian Palms Country Club and Palm Royale Country Club. For a more complete list of attractions in or around the city of Coachella please click on the Attractions tab above. The following 5 airports are located in or near Coachella:
- Bermuda Dunes Airport (UDD)
- Borrego Valley Airport (BXS)
- Palm Springs Intl. Airport (PSP)
- Thermal Desert Resorts Regional Airport (TRM)
- Twentynine Palms Airport (TNP)
Coachella, California Climate and WeatherIn the month of March, Coachella experiences an average high temperature of 81 degrees Fahrenheit. Low temperaturs in March are usually about 48 degrees with an average rainfall of 0.43 inches. The seasonal climate varies in Coachella with daytime temperatures averaging 105 degrees in the summer, and 73 degrees in the winter months. Visitors can also expect Coachella to receive an average of 0.55 inches of rainfall per/month during winter months and 0.32 inches of rainfall per/month in the summer months. The temperature has been known to get as high as 126 degrees in the summer and as low as 14 degrees in the winter so visitors planning a vacation to Coachella should check the weather forecast to determine proper attire prior to departure. Spring and Fall bring average daytime temperatures of 88 degrees, and nighttime lows of 55.
Coachella, California Attractions
1Agua Caliente Casino - Rancho Mirage,
The Agua Caliente Casino is an Indian-gaming facility in Rancho Mirage, California. It is run by the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians. The facility currently has over 45,000 square feet of gambling floor. The casino has completed a 16-story, 173-foot hotel tower which opened in December 2007. Currently the tower is the second tallest building in the Inland Empire.
2Arroyo/Lake Course at Cathedral Canyon Country Club - Cathedral City,
The Arroyo/Lake Course at Cathedral Canyon Country Club is a 27 hole resort golf course in Riverside County California. Built in 1990, this Cathedral City course designed by David Rainville is open all year. For tee time information call the pro shop at 760-328-6571. The golf course dress code is as follows: No denim, collared shirt and bermuda shorts required.
Address: 34567 Cathedral Canyon Dr, Cathedral City, CA 92234
3Canyon South Golf Course - Palm Springs,
The Canyon South Golf Course is an 18 hole public golf course in Riverside County California. Built in 1962, this Palm Springs course designed by William F. Bell is open all year. Tee times are accepted up to 7 days in advance and the pro shop phone number for reservations is 760-327-2019. The golf course dress code is as follows: Collared shirt, no cutoffs, denim ok.
Address: 1097 E Murray Canyon Dr, Palm Springs, CA 92264
4Citrus Course at La Quinta Resort & Club - La Quinta,
The Citrus Course at La Quinta Resort & Club is a 54 hole resort golf course in Riverside County California. Built in 1987, this La Quinta course designed by Pete Dye is open all year. For tee time information call the pro shop at 760-564-7686. The golf course dress code is as follows: No denim, collared shirt and bermuda shorts required.
Address: 50-200 Avenida Vista Bonita, La Quinta, CA 92253
5Club Circle Golf Course - Borrego Springs,
The Club Circle Golf Course is a 9 hole public golf course in San Diego County California. Built in 1998, this Borrego Springs course designed by Cary Bickler is open all year. Tee times are accepted by calling the pro shop at 858-454-2873. The golf course dress code is as follows: Shirt and shoes required.
Address: Club Cir W, Borrego Springs, CA 92004
6Desert Dunes Golf Course - Desert Hot Springs,
The Desert Dunes Golf Course is an 18 hole public golf course in Riverside County California. Built in 1989, this Desert Hot Springs course designed by Robert Trent Jones, Jr. is open all year. Tee times are accepted up to 7 days in advance and the pro shop phone number for reservations is 760-251-5366. The golf course dress code is as follows: No denim, collared shirt and bermuda shorts required.
Address: 19300 Palm Dr, Desert Hot Springs, CA 92240
7Emerald Desert Country Club - Palm Desert,
The Emerald Desert Country Club is a 9 hole resort golf course in Riverside County California. Built in 1987, this Palm Desert course designed by James Laire, Jr. is open all year. Tee times are accepted up to 3 days in advance and the pro shop phone number for reservations is 760-345-4770. The golf course dress code is as follows: No denim, collared shirt and bermuda shorts required.
Address: 76-000 Frank Sinatra Dr, Palm Desert, CA 92211
8Fantasy Springs Resort and Casino - Indio,
Fantasy Springs Resort Casino is a casino and hotel located south and west of Palm Springs, California near I-10 in Indio, California. It is owned and operated by Cabazon Band of Mission Indians, a federally recognized tribe. The hotel has 250 rooms. The casino consists 2000 slot machines and video poker and 40 tables.
9Firecliff Course at Desert Willow Golf Resort - Palm Desert,
The Firecliff Course at Desert Willow Golf Resort is a 36 hole public golf course in Riverside County California. Built in 1997, this Palm Desert course designed by Michael Hurdzan & John Cook is open all year. For tee time information call the pro shop at 760-346-7060. The golf course dress code is as follows: No denim, collared shirt and bermuda shorts required.
Address: 38-995 Desert Willow Dr, Palm Desert, CA 92260
10General George S. Patton Memorial Museum - , Chiriaco Summit,
The General George S. Patton Memorial Museum, in Chiriaco Summit, California, is a museum erected in tribute to General George S. Patton on the site of the entrance of Camp Young, part of the Desert Training Center of World War II.
Coachella, California Hotels
Coachella, California Restaurants
This is a list of Coachella Family Restaurants with addresses and phone numbers, including Bar & Grill Restaurants and Fast Foods & Carry Out. Happy Dining!
Published August 6, 2012
The Desert Springs Marriott Villas in Palm Desert California is a lovely family resort centrally located near plentiful attractions, dining and shopping choices
Published May 14, 2012
With over eight hundred thousand acres, the Joshua Tree National Park in the California desert is an enjoyable destination where Mojave meets the Colorado deserts.
Published April 30, 2012
Palm Springs California is a beautiful small town nestled in the desert foothills with plenty of fun family attractions, hotels and dining to choose from.
Published April 16, 2012
What makes the Children's Discovery Museum at Rancho Mirage so unique are the interactive hands-on exhibits where children are encouraged to touch and explore their functions.
Published April 13, 2012
Joshua Tree National Park offers families many simple loop hiking trails, scenic overlooks, picnic areas like Quail Springs, and the famous John Samuelson inscribed rocks.
Published July 6, 2011
A great place for families to visit, the Living Desert is a 1,200 acre zoo and botanical garden in Palm Desert, California with plants and animals from all over the world
Published May 5, 2011
Hotel review for Hyatt Grand Champions Resort Villas And Spa Indian Wells California. We had a family reunion vacation at the Hyatt Grand Champion Resort in Indian Wells and it was wonderful!
Published November 8, 2010
From man-made art to the nature sculptured pinnacles and boulders of Joshua Tree National Park, your family will love spending time in the visual wonderland of this desert community.
Published September 15, 2010
Family Review of Palm Springs California, restaurants, hotels with swimming pools and water slides, the Palm Springs Tram Way and views from the top, horse drawn carriage rides.
Published July 30, 2010
If you live in Southern California and need a family vacation spot within driving distance, then the Hyatt Grand Champions Resort in Indian Wells is the place! | <urn:uuid:39db88e7-99c8-4ba2-ad6d-f8070a4567f4> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.totsandtravel.com/us_california-coachella/?xp=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704392896/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113952-00030-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.90326 | 1,940 | 2.265625 | 2 |
SeekersGuidance Student Assembly - Term 3 2012
Seeking Knowledge with Manners and Virtue
Yesterday, students gathered online and at the SeekersHub in Toronto. Surrounded by our Teachers, we listened to their wise words and counsel as we approach the end of our studies for this term.
Imam Afroz Ali, of SeekersHub in Sydney and Managing Director of SeekersGuidance, sincerely advised students that our life should revolve around Islam, not the other way around. He mentions that through our work we should seek to please Allah, seek a beneficial means with our income, and in saying this he also presses the importance of knowing our religion so that we can best achieve this.
Sayyid Mohammed Assagaf, teacher at SeekersGuidance, softly and humbly spoke about the importance of intention and adab in respects to knowledge. He also mentions how the seeker of knowledge should maintain consistency to reach a point of felicity. He graciously adds that we should purify our heart for it is the vessel for the light of Allah.
Shaykh Faraz Rabbani, Executive Director and teacher at SeekersGuidance, passionately gave counsel to students referring to the teachings of Abu Madyan. Giving students these four points to ponder upon:
- 1. Renunciation (Zuhd). Seek Allah, and detach your heart from worldly matters.
- 2. Knowledge. Know what you need to know, and avoid things that are not beneficial.
- 3. Rely on Allah. Trusting in Allah was the Prophet’s State, taking means was his Sunnah.
- 4. Certitude. Have certitude without any doubt of Allah and His Messenger.
Shaykh Faraz Rabbani also advises that Allah and His Messenger have us given all knowledge we will ever need, without any doubt.
LIVE courses are still taking registrations, so please visit the Live Courses webpage if you would like to participate in one of them.
Thanks to @farazrabbani @alfroz on #twitter for the notes taken during the assembly.
Keep in touch with our Scholars online:
Some further relevant resources on Seeking Knowledge, and maintaining Adab as a student: | <urn:uuid:59b57050-f5b0-4d02-b245-a0022dfb3db8> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://seekersguidance.org/blog/2012/11/seekersguidance-student-assembly-term-3-2012/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703298047/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112138-00047-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935417 | 462 | 1.929688 | 2 |
From Good Intentions to Misadventure
A scientist publicly announces that she represents some unknown group of scientists who allegedly managed to develop a be-all-end-all cure for cancer. Unfortunately it quickly becomes apparent that the “cure” actually is a wolf in sheeps’ clothes and the first batch of people treated with it precipitate an infectious epidemic of extreme and unprecedentedly fatal proportions. Consequently, most of the population of the earth is decimated; a small portion of humanity survives but not escaping a horrible transformation into extremely aggressive animal-like humanoids. Only a very few humans prove to be naturally immune and survive the onslaught unscathed and unmutated.
Although it ultimately wreaked havoc in the most extreme way, the motives for developing the “cure” were considered to be most noble and worthy (curing cancer). Thus the reader is nudged into thinking that, in case a real plague should take place, its underlying cause must have been, at least, morally acceptable and that in all likelihood ‘something must have gotten terribly wrong along the way.’ It must be a tragic misfortune by misadventure, no conspiracy theories needed, you see. Our leaders would never do such an evil thing intentionally. Yadaa, Yadaa…
This subtle brainwashing tactic helps provide a cover for possible perpetrators orchestrating any future plagues to hide behind; plagues that, in contradistinction to the one referred to in the movie, in reality are not accidentally and unintentionally brought about by misadventure but rather are administered by malevolent and premeditated willful acts. Indeed, what a wonderful world we’re living in…
Martial Law Scenery
According to well-established contemporary cinematographic tradition (or perhaps ‘doctrine’ would be a better word), the military is seen to have totally assumed (read: usurped) the role of the police as a means of crowd control and law enforcement during times of crises; the Posse Comitatus Act has again been swept under the rug completely. Examples of other modern movies featuring a similar police state theme are The Day the Earth Stood Still (2008) and Transformers (2007).
In addition to the military gone crowd control, civilians are subjected to mandatory eye scanning tests; the purpose of which is to help identify infected people. The general effect on the viewer is to make the public get used to not only being identified immediately and on immediate demand from military law enforcers but it is also to help the public get used to being herded like cattle at the discretion and say-so of your local military overlord. It thus follows naturally that this kind of scenery portrays yet one more martial law type of setting in which human rights have been wiped off of the map on the contingency event of a national/international disaster coming into actuality.
Vaccine As Remedy
A degenerate female humanoid has been captured and now serves as ‘human’ guinea-pig to Dr. Robert Neville – the protagonist of the movie. With the ultimate aim of discovering an effective vaccine to cure the infected, he administers an experimental vaccine to his newfound guinea pig.
If successful the viewer is invited to put stock into the notion that vaccines are your weapon of choice to wage war against, and to ultimately defeat, any infectious viral/bacterial diseases that is wreaking havoc.
Of course, never in the movie is the ‘vaccine as remedy’ assumption questioned.
Typical Human Behavior is now entirely absent
Dr. Neville, who by the fact that he is a medical doctor as well as solitary automatically radiates a natural sense of authority in his role as judge and observer, decides that the infected have been totally dehumanized and it is therefore entirely justified to, if need be, deal with them in a ruthless manner (no normal moral restraints apply which are courtesy of a healthy and humanely functioning conscience).
Bob Marley’s Musical Vaccine for a Spiritually Ailing Humanity
Although the analogy with the words of Bob Marley (who I, by the way, regard as a great artist as well as human being and I commend him for making the above suggestion) at first glance is meritorious, by association with the wise words of Marley, it also imbues into the viewer a good dose of unwarranted faith into the idea that vaccines are unconditionally peachy and beneficial to humanity.
The infected won’t stand to reason
The unrelenting hostility and absolute lack of willingness of the infected to stand to reason urges the protagonist to seek a desperate solution in dealing with a desperately threatening situation. The underlying theme iterated once again is that it is allowed for uninfected to ruthlessly deal with those who are infected as they have been utterly dehumanized. It’s a recurring mantra that is seen in basically all akin viral horror movies (of the last few years). See for instance my analysis of “28 Weeks Later (2007)” or “The Invasion (2007).”
And so it is announced that the effective remedy for the genocidal infectious epidemic is stored inside the blood contained in a test-tube, from which effective remedial vaccines are to be derived and administered to the infected.
However, since one would be dealing with most reluctant recipients, the movie shows, the vaccines would have to be administered in a brutish and dictatorial manner. This implied theme of involuntary vaccine administration of course fits very well into the police state mentality already given plenty of airtime earlier in the movie.
The Cure is a Vaccine
The movie closes with the handing over of the vial containing a blood sample of a cured infected. Thus it is suggested that the automatic answer to any future infectious disease epidemic lies with the concept of the vaccine. Therefore, if an infectious disease comes hither home hitting hard, people may be reminded of this movie’s last scene and helped into accepting remedial/preventative vaccinations, no questions asked.
Nowhere in this propaganda piece, is it addressed even once that vaccines have long been suspected of being harbingers of death and disease rather than bringers of life and remedy. Indeed, it can be argued, for instance, that the whole AIDS epidemic is iatrogenic rather than zoonotic in origin, meaning that its cause is more likely man-made than some kind of rare and spontaneous inter-species pathogenic cross-over. In addition to the article referred to in-place, see reference 1. Quite similarly can it be argued that the recent appalling upsurge in cases of autism is also induced by eugenically inspired power mongers, see reference 2.
Note: the longer quotes used here, were drawn from this source.
My other analyses (oldest first, newest last):
Children of Men (2006)
28 Weeks Later (2007)
Soylent Green (1973)
Johnny Mnemonic (1995)
The Kingdom (2007)
The Invasion (2007)
Shoot em Up (2007)
John Rambo (2008 )
I, Robot (2004)
Cloverfield (2008 )
Conspiracy Theory (1997)
Starship Troopers 3 – Marauder (2008 )
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008 )
Code 46 (2003)
Minority Report (2002)
V for Vendetta (2005)
Things to Come (1936)
Independence Day (1996)
Death Race (2008 )
Bee Movie (2007)
The Happening (2008 )
Cyborg Girl – Boku no kanojo wa saib?gu (2008 )
Survivors (2008 ) – BBC TV Series – Part 1of6
Survivors (2008 ) – BBC TV Series – Part 2of6
Survivors (2008 ) – BBC TV Series – Part 3of6
The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951)
The Day the Earth Stood Still (2008 )
I Am Legend (2007)
Robocop (1987) – Promoting the Militarization of Police
Dark Knight (2008) – Excusing the Rude & Stoic Strongman Crime Fighter | <urn:uuid:429a2f2d-8093-42cb-ad75-34ff7d384d9a> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://1phil4everyill.wordpress.com/tag/warner-bros/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697380733/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516094300-00012-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9385 | 1,690 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Abstract: Closer than We Know: Comparing the Rock Art of Australia and Western North America
Lecturer: David Lee
Both Australia and the New World were originally colonized by people who brought with them rich spiritual and symbolic systems. These people successfully adapted to major environmental changes, and these adaptations may be reflected in the paintings and engravings they left on cliff faces and on shelter walls. Despite being a world apart, there are a surprising number of parallels in the production, evolution, and context of rock art on the two continents. Viewing rock art with a global perspective highlights both the similarities and the differences of people surviving under similar circumstances. This lecture will investigate the rock art of both continents, focusing on environmental and cultural context, ethnography, and current research trends.
Short bibliography and/or website on lecture topic: | <urn:uuid:846764c1-ca3b-4b30-9cde-0ef71320519e> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.archaeological.org/lectures/abstracts/5834?page=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00064-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927586 | 169 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Breast cancer surgery women 'risk more operations'
Published: 13th Jul 2012 01:17:32
One in five women with breast cancer who has part of the breast removed, rather than the whole breast, ends up having another operation, a BMJ study suggests.
The reoperation rate increases to one in three for women whose early-stage cancer is difficult to detect.
In England, 58% of women with breast cancer have breast-conserving surgery.
Women should be told of the risk of further operations when choosing surgery, researchers say.
The study, led by researchers from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and published in the British Medical Journal, looked at data collected on 55,297 women with breast cancer in England.
They all underwent breast-conserving surgery, rather than a mastectomy, on the NHS between 2005 and 2008. All the women were aged 16 or over.
They then looked at procedures carried out in the three months following the first breast operation.
The researchers took tumour type, age, socio-economic deprivation and other health problems into account.
We all have a different attitude to risk but this is empowering patients to make the right decision for themselves”
When combined with radiotherapy, the study says that breast-conserving surgery is as effective as mastectomy, particularly for patients with an obvious, invasive tumour.
However, because some pre-invasive cancers called 'carcinoma in situ' are difficult to detect, because they don't form a lump, breast conserving-surgery may not remove the cancer completely.
This could result in another operation.
The study says that additional operations put women's lives on hold while they wait for more surgery. It can delay their return to work, cause emotional distress and result in the need for reconstructive surgery to the breast.
Out of the 55,297 women who underwent breast-conserving surgery, 45,793 (82%) were suffering from isolated invasive cancer, 6,622 (12%) had isolated carcinoma in situ (pre-cancerous disease), and 2,882 (6%) had both types of cancer.
Another operation was more likely among women with pre-cancerous disease (29.5%) compared with those with isolated invasive disease (18%).
Around 40% of women who had a reoperation underwent a mastectomy.
Further results suggest that reoperation is less likely in older women and women from more deprived areas.
Prof Jerome Pereira, study author and consultant breast surgeon at James Paget University Hospitals in Great Yarmouth, said the findings would help women to make decisions about their treatment.
"Patients should feel reassured that clinicians can now advise them more clearly.
"We all have a different attitude to risk but this is empowering patients to make the right decision for themselves."
Prof Pereira said the study results would help surgeons too.
"This research focuses surgeons and challenges us to try and reduce reoperation rates.
"We need to refine imaging techniques to make this happen - and this opens up more areas for more research."
Ramsey Cutes, Cancer Research UK breast cancer surgeon at the University of Southampton, said it was standard practice to discuss the possibility of further surgery with patients.
"It's important for patients to fully understand the pros and cons of surgery. The ultimate aim of these repeat operations after breast-conserving surgery is to reduce the chance that breast cancer will return in the breast, and increase survival from the disease.
"Rates of breast cancer recurrence are also reduced by other treatments such as radiotherapy, hormone therapy and chemotherapy where appropriate.
"There's an ongoing need to better identify those at high risk of breast cancer recurrence, and to carefully select those who would benefit the most from further surgery."
Harvard CitationBBC News, 2012. Breast cancer surgery women 'risk more operations'. [Online] (Updated 13 Jul 2012)
Available at: http://www.manchesterwired.co.uk/news.php/1440290-Breast-cancer-surgery-women-risk-more-operations [Accessed 18th May 2013]
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The prospect of a deep sea "gold rush" opening a controversial new frontier for mining on the ocean floor has moved a step closer.... | <urn:uuid:d657907c-8d1a-4b10-879b-bd29dcdd4199> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.manchesterwired.co.uk/news.php/1440290-Breast-cancer-surgery-women-risk-more-operations | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696382584/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092622-00013-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964339 | 1,601 | 2 | 2 |
Fujiwara, Noriko and Egenhofer, Christian and Georgiev, Anton. (2010) Getting Started Now: Capacity Building for the Data System Foundations of Sectoral Approaches. CEPS Special Report, 22 April 2010. UNSPECIFIED.
Sectoral approaches to mitigating climate change depend on setting goals that incorporate performance indicators – such as benchmarks and the effective application of measurement, reporting and verification requirements – supported by well-developed data systems. At the same time, each host country deciding to adopt these approaches needs to develop and demonstrate the ability to implement the scheme. This report briefly introduces the basic requirements for sectoral approaches while drawing lessons from current efforts. It discusses major issues related to the capacities of a host country with a focus on data availability, accessibility and measurability. Finally, the report proposes six operational steps to accelerate capacity building. This report is a result of the study on “Global sectoral approaches as part of the post-2012 framework” by an international consortium and supported by the European Commission, DG Enterprise and Industry.
|Social Networking:|| |
Actions (login required) | <urn:uuid:8a740465-d8ef-4a9b-ad7b-ffa02f6bc350> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://aei.pitt.edu/14569/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704713110/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516114513-00018-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.902634 | 232 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Sometime between 2 a.m. and 3 a.m. on Sunday, several hundred Israeli police officers in riot gear moved on a cluster of tents on a West Bank hilltop. Their target resembled the mainly Jewish campsites that pop up like mushrooms in the higher elevations of Palestinian territory, stippling the ridges that run from north to south across the striking biblical landscape. In the lexicon of a conflict that is fundamentally over land, the camps are called “outposts,” a term Israelis use to differentiate these more spontaneous efforts from the state-sanctioned “settlements” that look more like suburban subdivisions. At last count there were more than 100 of each, though some of the outposts have made the transition to settlement, the tents replaced over time by trailers, and the trailers by houses. Technically illegal under the law of Israel, in practice the outposts are typically provided with power and water by the country’s government and protected by the Israeli soldiers who have controlled the West Bank since 1967, the year Israel took the land with an ease that some Jews see as evidence of God’s intention that they should have it.
All of which accounts for the unusual briskness with which the new campsite was dispatched in the darkness of early Sunday morning — the settlers were not Jews, but Palestinians. Not two days before, some 100 Palestinian activists had set up tents on Palestinian land just east of Jerusalem. They dubbed the campsite Bab al-Shams, or Gateway to the Sun, though the area appears on Israeli planning maps as E-1. It’s the parcel that Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on Nov. 30 ordered be readied for transformation into an expansive Jewish settlement that diplomats and experts warned would, once built, effectively prevent the practical establishment of a Palestinian state, no matter that the U.N. had just recognized one in the airy realm of diplomacy.
In fact, it was the General Assembly’s Nov. 29 vote making Palestine a nonmember state that stirred Netanyahu to announce what Daniel Seidemann, who heads an Israeli NGO dealing with conflict resolution in Jerusalem, called the “doomsday settlement” — apparently to demonstrate that Israel retains the power to render the notion of statehood moot by choking the West Bank with Jewish homes at its narrowest point. Currently, more than half a million Israelis live beyond the Green Line that defined the 1967 limits of Israel’s territory, blocking Palestinian access to some 40% of the West Bank. As a practical matter, there’s little Palestinians can do about it. Israel has the army, and Washington, in the phrase of President Barack Obama, “has got Israel’s back.” The weekend encampment aimed to make the most of that powerlessness.
“If we want peace, we have to resist — nonviolently, but resist — and counter Israeli facts on the ground with Palestinian facts on the ground,” Mustafa Bargouthi, the Palestinian activist who helped organize the camp, tells TIME, a few hours after being arrested and deposited at the edge of Ramallah, the West Bank city. “They’re allowing Israeli settlers to stay on Palestinian land, while at the same time within 48 hours they attack and remove us.”
Israeli soldiers barred the international news media from witnessing the police sweep. Photographers who were already inside the camp recorded the action, which unfolded without significant injury to either side. The news blockade — a literal thing, as Israeli forces manned roadblocks on roads approaching the site — served to confirm that the Palestinian activists had mounted a potent demonstration. “It’s in my view a very successful protest that is exposing the Israeli policy in many ways,” says Hagit Ofran, who monitors settlements for the Israeli advocacy group Peace Now. “First of all, it puts E-1 back on the political agenda. Maybe it’s because we’re on the eve of elections, but the Prime Minister himself was responding to this provocation.”
Netanyahu, who finds himself facing an unexpected challenge from his right in the campaign that concludes Jan. 22, ordered the police action despite a Supreme Court injunction against demolition of the camp (an order authorities finessed by removing only the people; the tents were left standing). The Premier’s election slate has seen its support significantly eroded in polls by the pro-settler Jewish Home party, a situation analysts say accounts for Netanyahu’s pre-election flurry of promises to build additional housing units beyond the Green Line — 11,000 announced in a week, as many as in nine previous years combined. “We will not allow anyone to harm the contiguity between Jerusalem and Maale Adumim,” Netanyahu said Sunday, naming the massive exurb that stands on the far side of the largely empty E-1 parcel.
The Bab al-Shams camp, named for an acclaimed novel by Lebanese writer Elias Khoury, aimed both to revive the international uproar over Netanyahu’s announced plans and to highlight the legalistic double standards that Bargouthi and others refer to as apartheid. “When the [Jewish] settlers do the same thing it takes years and lots of trips to the Supreme Court before anything moves, and here in less than 48 hours they managed to kick all of them out!” Ofran tells TIME. “On top of all this, when they evict settlers, sometimes they’re confronted with violence from the settlers. This is a very powerful contrast.”
Indeed, the campsite and its prompt removal marked a watershed for a generation of Palestinian activists who have struggled to channel the transformative energies of the Arab Spring into their own conflict. The problem has been, in part, that mass rallies advertised as nonviolent can be undone by a couple of kids from refugee camps throwing stones — giving Israeli forces the excuse to fire tear gas and rubber bullets that turn the event into familiar scenes of melee. But the campsite protest was staged miles from a refugee camp, by activists trained in the discipline of nonviolent resistance.
The idea of establishing an “outpost” was also clever — a bit of jujitsu, maybe aikido, whatever finds an advantage in being the ostensibly less powerful force. And though the idea of conspicuously taking over hilltops had been tried by other Palestinian activists, those pioneers pitched their camps deep in the West Bank, in remote redoubts difficult for journalists to cover. But E-1 had been made prominent by Netanyahu’s fresh announcement to build — in defiance of international outcry. And it straddles a four-lane highway just outside Jerusalem, where major international news organizations maintain bureaus.
“What happened the day before yesterday was the merging of all these nonviolent movements into one stream,” says Bargouthi, who is a physician and Palestinian politician and not to be confused with Marwan Bargouthi, the jailed Fatah militant. “We merged all these groups from the village and the district level to the national level. And there will be a lot more creative ideas in the coming period.” | <urn:uuid:86e0fa49-81f5-4020-9a28-ab12fc62cd7c> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://world.time.com/2013/01/14/when-palestinians-use-settler-tactics-a-beleaguered-netanyahu-responds/print/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697974692/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095254-00025-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961504 | 1,471 | 1.984375 | 2 |
6 Hand Exercises for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Maintaining range of motion and developing realistic expectations of your hand strength are two good reasons for doing these rheumatoid arthritis exercises for your hands.
Losing hand strength and mobility is a scary prospect for people with rheumatoid arthritis. For many, rheumatoid arthritis treatment includes hand exercises to help maintain range of motion. There are many reasons to do rheumatoid arthritis exercise routines for your hands. "It's a nice way to get a little strengthening going and lets patients sense what their level of activity might be," explains certified hand therapist Alice Pena, PT, DPT, director of operations for Home Care of Rochester in Rochester, N.Y. and spokesperson for the American Physical Therapy Association. In general you can repeat the following exercises up to five times per session, once or twice a day. Talk to your doctor about the best number of reps for you.
1. Flat-Hand Finger Lifts
For a simple rheumatoid arthritis exercise, start by placing your hands flat on a table, says Pena. "Try to raise each finger individually off the table." Work gently and take your time with this type of rheumatoid arthritis treatment. "Generally [there] is not a lot of strain to the joint, providing you don't have a significant amount of deformity," says Pena, adding, "I usually ask patients not to force bending."
2. Folding Fingers
Another great hand exercise for rheumatoid arthritis is drawing your fingers down into the center of your palm to make a loose fist. Then open your hand slowly and repeat a few times. Pena offers this tip for easing the difficulty of some rheumatoid arthritis exercise: Try moist heat to make motion easier. Practice hand exercises such as this one while taking a warm shower. Other options are to use warm paraffin wax or place a warm, moist washcloth over your hand.
3. Walking Fingers
Place a hand towel or kitchen towel flat on a table to do this rheumatoid arthritis exercise. With your hand lightly cupped and supported by your fingertips and thumb, "walk" your fingertips toward you in order to pull the towel up into the palm of your hand. "Get as much towel into your fist as you can and gently squeeze," says Pena. This keeps you aware of how rheumatoid arthritis might be affecting your grip and how strong your grip is, she explains.
4. Finger Pinches
Rheumatoid arthritis exercises for hands are intended to support daily activities — such as tying shoelaces or doing up buttons — that become harder as you experience more symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Pinching your thumb to the tip of each of your fingers, one at a time and in order is an effective exercise. Take your thumb and touch it your index finger and pinch, says Pena. Thumb to index finger, thumb to long finger, plus thumb to the side of index finger are the three key pinches of this rheumatoid arthritis exercise, she adds.
5. Thumb to Base of Fingers
One of the goals of rheumatoid arthritis exercise is to preserve all the motions available to any specific joint, says Pena. Focusing on your thumb is necessary because it is so important to so many different hand motions, which may become progressively more difficult as rheumatoid arthritis progresses. A key exercise for the thumb is to try to touch the base of the little finger. This kind of motion can help you grip circular objects, such as hairbrushes.
6. Spread Fingers
When you have rheumatoid arthritis, just as you need to practice bringing your fingers and thumb close together, you also need to work on spreading them apart — a motion needed when you are putting on gloves, for example. So this rheumatoid arthritis exercise is to simply spread your fingers apart, slowly and gently. While you have your hand flat, you can also exercise your thumb by separating it gently from the other fingers.
Taking a Break From Rheumatoid Arthritis Exercise
Succeeding with rheumatoid arthritis treatment means knowing when to take a break. Pena emphasizes that there are times, especially during flares or a worsening of the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, when it might be best to wear a supportive brace or a splint and go easy with any exercise program that you have planned. This is to avoid additional damage to your joints during that period of time. Working with a hand therapist on rheumatoid arthritis treatment can help you learn when to rest and when to keep going. | <urn:uuid:47b06b73-5f46-44ba-8c0b-dd895e7b721e> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.everydayhealth.com/rheumatoid-arthritis/6-hand-exercises-for-rheumatoid-arthritis.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703298047/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112138-00025-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931209 | 965 | 1.65625 | 2 |
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Thu May 21 14:19:55 BST 2009 by Dan
Actually, as in the case of the article on Voodoo which appeared here last week, this is just another example of the way that humans have evolved the use of abstract, symbolic rituals and other processual behaviors in the belief that they are capable of influencing the outcome of other things. This is no different than Hunter/Gatherers who might offer up some kind of sacrifice or perform some ritual before going on a hunt or into battle, or even the behavior of adherents of more (so-called) advanced religions where standardized prayers or rituals might be offered or prescribed in particular situations-- and certainly the "superstitious" actions of atheletes who don't want to hex a winning streak.
If the mind believes that some minor thing it does (ie saying a prayer, or wearing the same pair of socks the entire season) can influence the outcome of something else of greater importance that it does (getting 400 lbs of meat or winning a world championship), very often completing the minor act takes the pressure out of the performance of the major one, and allows a greater concentration on and successful completion of the greater task. Call it luck, god's blessing, or whatever, it serves a positive function, and since such associative behaviors have the ability to confer evolutionary fitness, they would, over time, be selected for. | <urn:uuid:ebdfc322-46bb-4910-9afc-7736647d8717> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.newscientist.com/commenting/report?id=dn17160-15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705953421/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120553-00065-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947226 | 284 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Landsat Turns Forty In 1965, the U.S. Geological Survey proposed the idea of a remote sensing satellite program to gather facts about the natural resources of Earth. In 1970, NASA had permission to build Landsat 1, which was launched forty years ago this week. Since then, the Landsat series of satellites has collected millions of multi-spectral images that make it possible to study the long-term environmental effects of everything from natural coastal erosion to urban sprawl. The image above was taken by Landsat 7, the newest member of the Landsat family. It shows the delta of the Lena River, one of the largest rivers in the world. The Lena Delta Reserve is the most extensive protected wilderness area in Russia. It is an important refuge and breeding grounds for many species of Siberian wildlife.
Beautiful as ever. I guess 40 is the new 20 for geo satellites.
Check out Landsat’s all-time greatest “Earth as Art” images to celebrate this milestone.
Earth as art. It doesn’t get much better than this. | <urn:uuid:97cc2241-0c40-4d0d-8216-a34d096d67e8> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://howstuffworks.tumblr.com/post/27943621091/landsat-turns-40-earth-as-art | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368708142388/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516124222-00070-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928545 | 220 | 3.25 | 3 |
1:15 day of the LORD. “The day of the LORD,” in contrast to “man’s day,” refers to a coming time of judgment. The Lord will take strong control of the world and its inhabitants in severe judgment, after a long time of patient forbearance. This will be followed by cleansing and blessing. Such prophecies often refer to a current situation, such as the plague of locusts, then leap over the centuries to the future end-time judgments, the former being a type of the latter. Sometimes it refers to the entire period of judgment, sometimes to the specific day on which that period will begin. In the prophets, it occurs first in Isaiah 2:12, last in Malachi 4:5. There are other phrases that are used synonymously—“the day of wrath,” “the day of God,” “that day,” etc. | <urn:uuid:72a05ce9-b303-456c-8e17-28eec5bb9941> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.icr.org/bible/Joel/1/15/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697974692/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095254-00050-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965655 | 195 | 2.90625 | 3 |
|This article or section is a miscellaneous stub. You can help expand it by editing it.|
Humans were known to practice slavery on orcs and ogres after the events of the second war. This is seen in the caverns of time instance Old Hillsbrad and the book Lord of the Clans. Also see internment camp and Blackmoore.
- See Orc slavery
The practice of slavery has historically existed in orc society, and while in modern times it seems to occur less, the practice still continues among the orcs, though it is unclear how widespread it is. Despite Thrall's work to ensure that no orc would be cast into slavery ever again, a small number of orcs have been found enslaved by other orcs in the Horde, for example Bloodeye Redfist. It appears that some orcs are also willing to enslave members of other races, both Horde and Alliance. Many of these slaves were however once criminals whom were brought to justice. It is unclear why the orcs still allow slavery, and to what extent, or why they choose to ignore it.
Other examples of slavery
- The Naga have enslaved Murlocs, Broken and other races.
- Goblin Trade Princes have enslaved Trolls for mining, although they seek to keep this low key.
- Ragnaros the Firelord has enslaved the Dark Iron Dwarves.
- Demons have enslaved creatures by corrupting them such as Orcs.
- The undead of the Scourge can be seen as enslaved spirits.
- The Blood elves tailors of Silvermoon use slaves Leper Gnomes for work. | <urn:uuid:406b9402-dea0-45ee-8286-2160f3e8c142> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.wowwiki.com/Slavery | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705953421/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120553-00053-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956703 | 326 | 2.796875 | 3 |
There are two ways of spreading light: to be the candle or the mirror that receives it.
A look into the life of Miriam.
1984 begins with the famous line: "It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen." I was 13 in the year 1973 when I first read this book. It had a huge impact on my perception on authority and privacy.
Hello Miss Miriam:We have always enjoyed Orwell. Sadly we were not perceptive enough as babies in the pram to purchase 1984 as a First Edition.
Such a great book !
Yes, one of my favs.
J and L: Orwell kept changing the title to one year more cuz it was taking years to write.
It looks like I need to spend some money as I need to read this book :) Hugs
I highly recommend it. | <urn:uuid:6db186ed-a4c3-445b-b3e9-7d1a0c592156> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://miriamsmirror-missmiriam.blogspot.jp/2012/06/1984.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368711005985/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516133005-00013-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.986581 | 178 | 2.21875 | 2 |
…who will notice and be affected by it?
Ever notice how you can have a great life on Tuesday and wake up in a funk on Thursday? You can get a bit off your game without really knowing why. Sometimes, you are not even fully aware of it until someone asks if you are okay.
People who care about you notice when you stop smiling, speaking, or when your mood seems to change.
It happens to everyone. The question is, How fast can you get back to being yourself?
Here are a few things that might help.
- Remind yourself that when you are having a bad day, other people are affected by you and your mood. You are simply too important to the people who care about you to be out of sorts for very long.
- Be productive—don’t waste your day.
- Keep participating in life—don’t go into a shell.
- Get into a meaningful conversation with someone.
What works for you?
One of my favorite quotes comes from a poem by Mary Karr: “Your head is like a bad neighborhood, don’t go there alone.”
What do you want your kids to learn from you about handling life when it gives you a bad day? | <urn:uuid:2d25f1dc-2312-409c-8ac0-4e666d769cd6> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://tenpowerfulthingstosaytoyourkids.tumblr.com/post/17272284848/if-you-have-a-bad-day | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368702448584/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516110728-00040-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961566 | 261 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Coral Disease in a Warmer World
Yakob, L. and Mumby, P.J. 2011. Climate change induces demographic resistance to disease in novel coral assemblages. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 108: 1967-1969.
In evaluating this unimodal way of thinking, Yakob and Mumby investigated a number of documented "changes in coral demography, likely borne of climate change," in an attempt to determine the soundness of what we could call this bad-news-only concept. This work, based on what they describe as "the best time series of coral epizootics available" (an outbreak of White Plague type II disease in a population of Dichocoenia stokesi in the Florida Keys) led them to create a simple disease model, wherein coral mortality from an initial disease outbreak reduces the average size of a colony in the post-outbreak population. And because, as they describe it, "smaller colonies have a higher rate of mortality, the average turnover of the post-outbreak population is higher than that before the outbreak," so that "this increase in population turnover makes it more difficult for a second epizootic to occur," with the ultimate result being the fact that "higher demographic rates naturally reduce the ability of the disease to spread within a population consisting of diminutive colonies under high flux."
The two researchers conclude -- based on their mathematical analysis and the observations of others -- that "allowing for a more dynamic population turnover in an epizoological model of coral disease not only gives a superior fit to empirical data, but also suggests that emerging coral assemblages could be far less prone to epizootics." Commenting further, Yakob and Mumby say their results imply that "projecting the future of a novel ecosystem from trends in the recent past may have misleading results." And since their review of the literature indicates that responses to anthropogenic changes in biotic and abiotic environments generally lead to the creation of novel ecosystems, they conclude that the "high population turnover within novel ecosystems enhances coral resistance to epizootics," and, therefore, that "disease could become a less important driver of change in the future," leading them to "emphasize the need to move away from projections based on historic trends toward predictions that account for novel behavior of ecosystems under climate change." | <urn:uuid:da65c015-a205-4318-8ef1-dcaeeca7b4cf> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.climatechangereconsidered.org/articles/2011/apr/13apr2011a5.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696381249/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00006-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942647 | 482 | 2.84375 | 3 |
I have a Cornelius Kane married to a Catherine Quinlan circa 1830s in County Kerry. She could be a sister to your Patrick Henry Quinlan. What other information do you have for the ancestors of Patrick Quinlan? Catherine was supposed to have died during the famine.
I also have a Patrick Quinlan in the 1860 Illiois Census--he was listed as 29 and born in Ireland. Living with him, are his wife,Dorsey Quinlan, 25, also born in Ireland, a baby Patrick Quinlan, Jr. age 1, and a H. Quinlan, age 31, also born in Ireland. C. Cain, 53, T. Cain, 18, and John Cain, 15, also are listed with the above Quinlans.
We have a lot of the same names, so we could be related in some way. Do you have any other information? | <urn:uuid:e99d7b61-a353-44a0-af0d-a9e35a747d22> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://boards.ancestry.com/localities.britisles.ireland.ker.general/751.3618.6189/mb.ashx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697974692/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095254-00060-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.990391 | 182 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Lessons in DSLR Workflow with Lightroom and Photoshop
Jerry Courvoisier provides an easy-to-follow road map for importing, organizing, and editing images using the best features of Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 2 and Adobe Photoshop CS3. The combined power of using both programs--automation with Lightroom and specialized processing in Photoshop--offers a complete and flexible solution for serious hobbyists and pro photographers alike.
Joe McNally, photographer and author of The Moment It Clicks, said, "Jerry Courvoisier is, plain and simple, one of the best teachers of digital workflow and image management working today. He demystifies the digital world for both the beginner and the advanced user. For anyone shooting digital pictures, this book simply has to be on your shelf."
Lessons in DSLR Workflow with Lightroom and Photoshop is now available at Peachpit.com, Amazon.com, and as an ebook via Safari Books Online. For more information, please visit www.peachpit.com/title/032155423X.
About The Author
Jerry Courvoisier has directed the Santa Fe Photographic Workshops' digital program for 14 years, building one of the most respected digital educational programs in the world. At Santa Fe, he developed the popular "intensive" format experience. These workshops in photography, Lightroom, Photoshop, and printmaking are packed with information that challenges participants to move beyond their comfort zone, pushing their creativity and vision. Jerry works with the National Geographic Photography Expeditions series and his teaching and consulting journeys have taken him to the U.K., Italy, France, Germany, and Australia.
www.peachpit.com and www.pearson.com. | <urn:uuid:6d790827-d447-47b7-ba84-3b9ed7cdc3fc> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.shutterbug.com/content/lessons-dslr-workflow-lightroom-and-photoshop | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368701852492/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516105732-00067-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.908965 | 357 | 1.976563 | 2 |
Instauratio Magna/Proem (Wood)
|Instauratio Magna by , translated by William Wood
|This was an unlabeled section placed after the title page and before the dedication. It served the role that a book-jacket marketing blurb or publisher's abstract does nowadays. Such sections could be written by the author, the publisher, or both working together. This one was presumably written by Bacon himself.|
AND SUCH IS THE METHOD HE WITHIN
HIMSELF PURSUED, WHICH HE THOUGHT
IT CONCERNED BOTH THE LIVING AND
POSTERITY TO BECOME ACQUAINTED WITH.
SEEING he was satisfied that the human understanding creates itself labour, and makes not a judicious and convenient use of such real helps as are within man's power, whence arise both a manifold ignorance of things, and innumerable disadvantages, the consequence of such ignorance; he thought that we ought to endeavour, with all our might, either (if it were possible) completely to restore, or, at all events, to bring to a better issue that free intercourse of the mind with things, nothing similar to which is to be met with on earth, at least as regards earthly objects. But that errors which have gained firm ground, and will forever continue to gain ground, would, if the mind were left to itself, successively correct each other, either from the proper powers of the understanding, or from the helps and support of logic, he entertained not the slightest hope. Because the primary notions of things, which the mind ignorantly and negligently imbibes, stores up, and accumulates, (and from which every thing rise is derived,) are faulty and confused, and carelessly abstracted from the things themselves; and in the secondary and following notions, there is an equal wantonness and inconsistency. Hence it happens that the whole system of human reasoning, as far as we apply it to the investigation of nature, is not skilfully consolidated and built up, but resembles a magnificent pile that has no foundation. For while men admire and celebrate the false energies of the mind, they pass by, and lose sight of the real; such as may exist if the mind adopt proper helps, and act modestly towards things instead of weakly insulting them. But one course was left, to begin the matter anew with better preparation, and to effect a restoration of the sciences, arts, and the whole of human learning, established on their proper foundation. And, although, at the first attempt, this may appear to be infinite, and above the strength of a mere mortal, yet will it, in the execution, be found to be more sound and judicious than the course which has hitherto been pursued. For this method admits at least of some termination, whilst, in the present mode of treating the sciences, there is a sort of whirl, and perpetual hurry round a circle. Nor has he forgotten to observe that he stands alone in this experiment, and that it is too bold and astonishing to obtain credit. Nevertheless, he thought it not right to desert either the cause or himself, by not exploring and entering upon the only way, which is pervious to the human mind. For it is better to commence a matter which may admit of some termination, than to be involved in perpetual exertion and anxiety about that which is interminable. And, indeed, the ways of contemplation nearly resemble those celebrated ways of action; the one of which, steep and rugged at its commencement, terminates in a plain, the other, at the first view smooth and easy, leads only to by-roads and precipices. Uncertain, however, whether these reflections would ever hereafter suggest themselves to another, and, particularly, having observed, that he has never yet met with any person disposed to apply his mind to similar meditations, he determined to publish whatsoever he had first time to conclude. Nor is this the haste of ambition, but of his anxiety, that if the common lot of mankind should befall him, some sketch and determination of the matter his mind had embraced might be extant, as well as an earnest of his will being honourably bent upon promoting the advantage of mankind. He assuredly looked upon any other ambition as beneath the matter he had undertaken; for that which is here treated of is either nothing, or it is so great that he ought to be satisfied with its own worth, and seek no other return. | <urn:uuid:2438a664-583c-483a-9ee8-7d05c5c0230d> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Instauratio_Magna/Prooemium_(Wood) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699881956/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516102441-00048-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967851 | 915 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Mediterranean region is becoming more and more culturally diverse. Due to globalisation and populations movements there is a rise in the multicultural fact, because of the diversity of people with different ethnics, languages, religions, customs and cultural backgrounds. The great cultural diversity represents an advantage that will encourage all those living in to explore the benefits of the rich and wide cultural heritage and opportunities to learn from different cultural traditions through the intercultural dialogue.
The Mediterranean National Societies are working together towards a common ambition: to build jointly a future partnership to respond to the needs of the most vulnerable and for human, social and cultural understanding, which involves values, behaviours and ways of life that reject violence and spreads a conflict resolution attitude by facing causes and to solve problems through dialogue and negotiation. All of these under the Red Cross and Red Crescent Principles and respect for people’s human rights. | <urn:uuid:2fc88b3f-0f0c-43d9-8716-712aa7ea371e> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.mediterraneumrc.org/portal/page?_pageid=174,12643730,174_12728469&_dad=portal30&_schema=PORTAL30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368711005985/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516133005-00069-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932343 | 175 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Marshmallows a sweet test of success
What's the link between marshmallows, money and the munchies? Will power and self-control, says Dr Karl.
What's the link between marshmallows, money and the munchies? Will power and self-control!
Back in 1968, Walter Mischel from Stanford University in California came up with the now-famous 'marshmallow test'. It tested self-control in some 600 children aged between four and six.
The kids were each individually offered a treat (for example, a marshmallow). If they wanted, they could eat the marshmallow immediately. But if they waited 15 minutes and didn't eat the single marshmallow, they would then be rewarded with two marshmallows.
A small minority didn't even think about waiting and immediately ate their marshmallow.
Most of the kids tried to hold off — but most failed. Only about one third were able to wait it out successfully for the full 15 minutes and be rewarded with their two marshmallows.
It was very hard for the kids. Some covered their eyes or turned around so that they couldn't see the tempting marshmallow, others kicked a desk or stamped their feet on the floor or even pulled their hair to divert themselves from thinking about it. Other stared into the mirror, or began talking to themselves.
The more they avoided looking at the marshmallow, the more successful they were at waiting the full 15 minutes. Rather than stoically 'willing' themselves to stare down temptation, they simply engaged in other activities to avoid looking at the marshmallow. Some sang songs, while others hid theirs heads in their arms, or prayed to the ceiling.
In one dramatically effective self-distraction technique, after obviously experiencing much agitation, a little girl rested her head, sat limply, relaxed herself, and proceeded to fall sound asleep.
Mind you, once they had managed to successfully distract themselves for the full 15 minutes, they didn't wait and immediately rewarded themselves by eating both marshmallows.
Originally, Dr Mishcel had no intention of doing any follow up. But his three daughters went to the same schools as the four to six-year-old kids in his study. As part of idle dinner conversation, he would ask his daughters about these kids.
As the years rolled by, he thought he could see a link between their ability to wait for the second marshmallow, and how well they did in school. So he then followed up the kids as they grew up (1981, 1990 and 2011). The results were amazing.
In the USA, the SAT Exams are standardised tests for admission to university, with a maximum possible score of 2,400. The students who could wait 15 minutes had an SAT score that was 210 points higher than that of the child who could wait only 30 seconds. These kids also ended up being more successful and popular at school and at work, and more respected by their co-workers.
The kids who couldn't wait 15 minutes were more likely to have behavioural problems, both at home and in school. They were less likely to have done well at school, less able to deal with stress, but more likely to get fatter and to have more personal problems. They were also more likely to have been arrested, and to have problems with drugs.
We used to think of self-control or willpower as being some kind of 'moral attribute', with 'stronger' people having more while others had less. But now we think of it as being more like a muscle. It can be overworked and tire out, it can get stronger with exercise, and it can be recharged after a rest and some sustenance.
Studies have been done in which the subjects had to perform a series of willpower/self-control tasks. As expected, they gradually got worse as they moved from one set of tasks to the next. But if they drank regular lemonade (i.e. sweetened with sugar) they performed better than people who drank diet lemonade (i.e. containing no sugar).
Getting back to Dr Mischel, he has some simple advice on teaching self-control: "We should give marshmallows to every kindergartner. We should say: 'You see this marshmallow? You don't have to eat it. You can wait. Here's how'."
And ain't that sweet.
Published 17 July 2012
© 2013 Karl S. Kruszelnicki Pty Ltd | <urn:uuid:7d784f72-a951-4710-ad40-9b70f7810e66> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2012/07/17/3539710.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697380733/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516094300-00017-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.98772 | 919 | 2.75 | 3 |
Science subject and location tags
Articles, documents and multimedia from ABC Science
Wednesday, 6 March 2013 14
Women in science In 1990 a Radio National program looked at the hurdles faced by girls and women in science. Listening to it in 2013 Bernie Hobbs wonders how much has changed.
Tuesday, 11 September 2012 24
Opinion Emotional intelligence is not the cure-all elixir for spotting who will succeed in work and life, but it is more than a useless fad, says Carolyn MacCann.
Thursday, 14 October 2010
We all know that having a bad job can make you unhappy. But new research has found it's worse for your mental health than not having one at all.
Thursday, 14 May 2009
Female office workers are three times more likely than their male counterparts to suffer from neck pain, a preliminary Australian study has found.
Monday, 30 March 2009
Slaying hordes of bad guys in fast-paced video games improves vision, a US study has found.
Wednesday, 16 April 2008 2
Green Guru Does working from home cut emissions? | <urn:uuid:28e5a8c3-6272-4180-a736-49b0cc1df1bb> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.abc.net.au/science/tag/browse.htm?topic=enviro&tag=work | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697380733/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516094300-00023-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956359 | 223 | 1.664063 | 2 |
June 10, 2013
Conyers, Georgia-based “antediluvian, bibliomaniac, and curmudgeon” blogger Michael Gilleland recently posted this wonderful image and this wonderful quotation at the wonderful Laudator Temporis Acti:
“[T]here is nothing more fit to be looked at than the outside of a book. It is, as I may say from repeated experience, a pure and unmixed pleasure to have a goodly volume lying before you, and to know that you may open it if you please, and need not open it unless you please. It is a resource against ennui, if ennui should come upon you. To have the resource and not to feel the ennui, to enjoy your bottle in the present, and your book in the indefinite future, is a delightful condition of human existence.”
The quotation is from Thomas Love Peacock’s Crochet Castle (1831). The painting is Claude Raguet Hirst’s Companions (c. 1895)
May 14, 2013
Before books were mass produced and easier – and more costly – to replace when stolen, librarians had to resort to emphatic security measures to keep their stock from wandering off, never to return.
Netherlands-based medievalist Erik Kwakkel took these photos in one of her country’s libraries, and his efforts were picked up by The Paris Review.
You can find more information about chained libraries (and links to primary sources) at Wikipedia.
Contributed by alert librarian, bibliophile, and Atlanta Booklover’s blog follower Anne Vagts
May 11, 2013
The New York Times‘ has published an article about how the U.S. Congress’ recently-implemented automatic budget cuts (aka the “sequestration”) is affecting the Library of Congress.
Would that the work of the modern-day Library of Congress were limited to the needs of the individual members of Congress itself! Or that the Congressional Research Staff would start responding to Congress members’ requests for information with some sort of boiler-plate message that begins “Due to the across-the-board cuts in the federal budget that your colleaguesrecently approved, we are sorry to inform you that…”!
Found at PhiloBiblos
May 10, 2013
From The Ponce Press, May 2013, page 9:
Book clubs take the spotlight this spring with the Atlanta premiere of The Book Club Play by Karen Zacarias at Horizon Theatre. This “delightful, fresh comedy,” as heralded by Talkin’ Broadway, follows a tight-knit book club bound for pandemonium when it becomes the focus of a documentary film.
“If you’ve ever been in a book club (or just think they’re bizarre) you’ll love laughing with this quirky group of long-time friends as everything goes haywire,” say Horizon’s Co-Artistic/Producing Director Lisa Adler. “This is the kind of smart romp that has become Horizon’s tradmark, and we’re unleashing an emsemble of Atlanta’s most talented comic actors on our stage.”
Ana lives in a letter-perfect world with an adoring husband, the perfect job, and her greatest passion: Book Club. But when her cherished circle becomes the focus of a documentary film, their intimate discussions about life and literature take a turn for the hilarious in front of the inescapable camera lens. Add a provocative new member along with some surprising new book titles, and these six friends are bound for pandemonium. Will their beloved book club survive? Sprinkled with wit, joy, and novels galore, laughter meets literature in this delightful new comedy about books, the people who love them, and the side-splitting results when friends start reading between the lines.
General admission tickets for The Book Club Play are $20-$30. Tickets may be ordered by phone at 404-584-7450 or online at http://www.horizontheatre.com. Performances start May 17 and run through June 23. Ticket prices are subject to change; 8 percent sales tax will be added to all ticket orders. Internet convenience fee added to all online orders. No refunds, exchanges, or late seating.
From the Horizon Theatre’s website:
- Showtimes: Wednesday-Friday at 8:00 PM; Saturday at 3:00 PM and 8:30 PM; Sunday at 5 PM. There is no 3 PM matinee on Saturday, May 18 or June 1.
- A chart showing ticket price discounts for groups of 10 or more.
May 9, 2013
Responding to the controversial sale of GoodReads to Amazon.com earlier this year, ThirdScribe recently summarized the features of almost a dozen reader-centric social networks.
Not covered in ThirdScribe’s survey is yet another new social network for readers (which we saw mentioned at The Paris Review) called Riffle. An article describing Riffle is posted at Publishers Weekly.
You’ll find links to all these book-recommending, book-discussing, reading tracking/personal library-cataloging networks in The Atlanta Booklover’s Blog’s “Booklover’s Toolbox,” under the heading Social Networks (Title Recommendations, Book Discussions, Blogs, and Book Inventory Software) .
May 6, 2013
In 2011, The New Yorker published James Woods’ lengthy complaint about having to dispose of his recently-deceased father-in-law’s enormous personal library. (Woods’ essay appears with others in his 2012 collection The Fun Stuff.)
In a blogpost written earlier this year, Nigel Beale, aka the Literary Tourist, takes issue with Woods’ cynical view of the value – and meaning – of (other people’s) largish personal libraries. Read Beale’s eloquent screed. | <urn:uuid:6e24f318-b4be-445d-8293-20656449e640> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://atlantareader.wordpress.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709037764/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125717-00048-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933544 | 1,275 | 1.507813 | 2 |
interactive web map (built by ITO World) of the deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents 2000-2010 in Great Britain. That's nearly 33,000 killed and 3 million injured people...represented as separate points on the map.
Viewing the overall picture at zoom level 4 (a scale of about 1:36m) we see the all too familiar mass of points on a web map with a legend that doesn't relate to the map we're seeing. Points overlap and coalesce. It shows very little other than the fact that there's an awful lot of death and injury. At this scale the data need aggregating in some sensible way. For instance, cluster analysis would spatially summarize the data and could be mapped using an isopleth technique for a more suitable small scale map. At any of the lower zoom levels (smaller-scale) the map is less useful still.
I've never been able to zoom in further than level 15 since it fails to draw any symbols beyond that scale but what can we take from this map in terms of its cartography? The importance of designing for specific scales cannot be underestimated. Putting a mass of points on a map simply doesn't work at most if not all scales. At smaller scales, data needs manipulating so it is in a form suited to a small scale thematic map type. At larger scales, symbols need to be simple and clear. That said, I like the map for one simple reason...it's one of the first I have seen that has attempted to show a very complex data set by type rather than the use of a single coloured generic marker symbol. At larger scales the symbol design is generally good and gives a mechanism to visually disentangle incidents by type, transport, age, date and gender. It's doing what cartography was designed to do..allow the map maker to take complex data and classify, symbolize and provide a picture so patterns can be seen that goes beyond what a table, graph or uniform point marker web map can provide. It's not perfect as I've pointed out but it's pleasing to see web maps begin to show signs of cartographic thinking and design. | <urn:uuid:e721a289-b311-466d-aa57-fe4de986e11d> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://cartonerd.blogspot.com/2011/11/large-complex-thematic-datasets-and-web.html?showComment=1321830299919 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698207393/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095647-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948375 | 438 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Hudson man builds airplane in garageJohn Weigel’s passion for flying has consumed most of the space in his two-car garage for half a year at a time. Weigel is building his own airplane in the garage. So when is the maiden flight?
By: Jon Echternacht, Hudson Star-Observer
John Weigel’s passion for flying has consumed most of the space in his two-car garage for half a year at a time.
Weigel is building his own airplane in the garage under a contract with his wife, Christine, that states he can have the garage from April to October, but on Nov. 1 both their cars have to fit inside.
The arrangement has been working, but with wing assembly the next step, Weigel has set out to rent hanger space to finish the project.
So when is the maiden flight?
“In the next year, year or two,” Weigel said during a conversation at his Hudson residence and current airplane assembly plant where he is building a Zenith – STOHL CH750 from a kit.
The fuselage is together without the tail and the wing assembly has been started alongside. The garage is filled with parts and tools and a partial airplane.
“Without the wings I could hoist it up from the ceiling and get two cars in the garage,” he said. “It was too cold to work on it in the winter.”
“I started using only one-half the garage,” he said, but more parts and the wings have taken over the whole area.
“Just as long as I can get my car in the garage by Nov. 1, it’s OK,” said Christine.
Weigel said the plane will be 21 feet long and 8 feet 8 inches high to the top of the tail with a 29-foot 9-inch wing span when finished.
“A new one (airplane) costs $100,000,” he said. Weigel estimates the cost to build one is about half as much.
It will be awhile before the craft is ready for the engine. Weigel wants to get a 120-hp model, which will run on high octane car gasoline and should make for more economical flying. The 130-hp model takes 100-octane aviation fuel.
The plane will have 12-gallon gas tanks in each wing. He figures he’ll use six gallons an hour with car gas.
“Some people who build these kits use converted Chevrolet Corvair engines,” Weigel said.
If anybody is wondering what to do with that air cooled rear engine model car from the 1960s sitting in the back yard, an airplane engine might be an option.
Some other basic facts about the plane Weigel imparted include:
Weigel said he could probably finish up the project faster working full time but, “I promised my wife I would pay as I went,” he said.
Weigel, who is a member of Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) Chapter 54 at the Lake Elmo, Minn., airport, comes by his love of flying honestly.
“I started taking lessons at age 16. I soloed in an airplane before I had a driver’s license,” he said.
His father was a commercial 747 pilot and Weigel was told his first airplane ride came when he was two months old.
Weigel, 48, is a 1981 graduate of River Falls High School. He earned a degree in computer science in 1992 from UW-River Falls and currently is an IT manager for Wells Fargo in the Twin Cities. He and Christine have been married eight years. “I proposed to her in an airplane,” he said.
Will Christine get the first ride in the new aircraft? “I don’t know if I’ll be the first, but I will take a ride in it,” she said.
Weigel is documenting his progress on the web at www.mykitlog.com/jweigel. He is also looking for a high school student with a similar passion for flying he had as a teenager to help him finish building his dream. | <urn:uuid:f9deb4ed-3ea4-4d1f-90e7-7bc155c96739> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.hudsonstarobserver.com/event/article/id/44694/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368701459211/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516105059-00023-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973381 | 883 | 1.773438 | 2 |
A healthy diet is one of the most important ways to reduce your risk of developing heart disease.
Here are some guidelines for a heart-healthy approach to food and cooking.
Avoid saturated fats
A diet high in calories and fats, especially saturated fats, is closely linked to:
- high cholesterol
- high blood pressure.
Nuts and seeds
Some foods such as nuts, avocados and seeds contain unsaturated fats. These types of fat will actually help to lower your cholesterol levels, so make sure you include them in your diet. However, they are energy-dense, so should not be eaten in excess if you are watching your weight.
Have at least three fish meals (fresh or canned) per week. Fish contains omega-3 fats, which lower cholesterol levels and help prevent blood clotting. Oily fish include tuna, salmon, sardines, mackerel, mullet, trout, swordfish. White fish are also a source of omega-3.
Cut down on salt
Too much salt (sodium) in the diet can contribute to high blood pressure.
Increase fruit and vegetables
Eat at least two pieces of fruit daily. Vegetables have been shown to be protective against heart disease and certain cancers. Aim for four or five serves per day.
Soluble fibre can help lower cholesterol reabsorption, and assist with blood glucose level control. Find it in oat bran, barley bran, wheat bran, rolled oats, legumes (e.g. kidney beans, chick peas, lentils), wholemeal breads and cereals, psyllium husks, fruit and vegetables.
Insoluble fibre is good for bowel health. Sources include fruit, vegetables and bran.
Reduce your cholesterol intake
High levels of cholesterol in the blood increase your risk of heart disease.
- Eat no more than two or three whole eggs per week. Egg yolks contain cholesterol, while whites are cholesterol-free.
- Only eat offal meats, such as liver, brains, kidneys, once a month or less.
- Only eat prawns, shrimp, octopus and calamari once a week or less, as they are fairly high in cholesterol. Other shellfish are low in cholesterol and may be eaten as desired.
Stay a healthy weight
Many people with heart disease are unable to do much physical activity or exercise, and find that they gain weight while eating their usual diet. But there are ways to stay active, when you have a heart condition. Read more
It is very important to eat a healthy diet to help you to lose weight, and to lower your cholesterol and blood pressure. | <urn:uuid:d68de054-e3fe-4907-b281-0476dcce7c08> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.heartresearch.com.au/healthy-eating.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696381249/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00010-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938527 | 548 | 3.65625 | 4 |
About the design
on December 30, 2008
In Chinese folk-lore dragons were believed to be responsible for the weather, among other things, so that's the simple idea behind this design. Most of it was illustrated in pen-and-ink, watercolours and coloured pencils so it would have to be simulated process printing. This is for my dad, who lives in the countryside far off in Taiwan.
A special thanks to the wonderful Danielle Kerese (aka DaniellesGarden) for creating the cool flash presentation. Considerable image quality was lost and there was some colour-fading because of the two slides so please check out the links below for larger, high-res presentations of the design and tee placements.
MAGNIFIED VIEW OF DESIGN
LARGER VIEW OF PLACEMENTS ON WHITE AND SILVER TEES
LARGER VIEW OF MODELS
HI-RES PHOTO ON KELLY GREEN TEE
Note - the red stamp in the corner is not part of the design. Traditional Chinese artists use personalized stamps to identify their work. The stamp bears my Chinese name and also my English name if you look closely. :) | <urn:uuid:54013049-0c72-4789-a38f-0dd51cab587c> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.threadless.com/submission/191081/Prevailing_Dragon_Winds | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368702448584/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516110728-00056-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944097 | 241 | 1.75 | 2 |
Written by Jeff Dailey:
As a debugger, have you ever reflected on the interesting parallels between your job and work being done in other industries? When I think about solving complex computer problems, I think of it as forensics. The core diagnostics or troubleshooting skill can be applied to anything. I bet if you were to walk around and talk to the people in our group you would find a lot of guys that watch programs like CSI, House, Law and Order etc. Heck there is even a guy just a few cubicles away that has a House poster on his wall. Years ago I used to watch Quincy, and other detective shows with the same level of fascination. I started thinking Cops, Coroners, Doctors and Engineers, we all do the same type of work. In fact, at a recent conference we had a forensics expert come in and speak to us. It was really fascinating. Even though the presenter worked in a completely different industry, most of us found each other thinking "Hey I could do that Job!", because in essence, that's what we do already.
I started having some fun thinking about the parallels between detective shows and our work.
Cut to scene:
It's 2:00AM. The camera zooms in on a pager going off on a night stand… It can only mean one thing. Something bad has happened and people are reaching out for help. The detective wakes up and tells the wife, "Sorry, they need me… I've got to go."
Funny, I've done the same thing, only because someone found a dead server.
The detective shows up at the scene of the crime. All the officers on-site are baffled, so they just keep things roped off until the expert gets there. His years of experience and unique insight will allow him to see things others don't.
Hmm… This seems familiar only I typically use Live Meeting or Easy Assist...
Using a combination of specialized tools and methods learned both in school and from other's methods handed down over time, evidence is gathered at the scene so that additional research can be done back at the office. Witnesses are questioned, "So about what time did this happen?", "Did you hear any unusual noises", "and did you see anyone or anything unusual". Pictures are taken, Objects are collected, Fibers, and DNA samples are gathered.
Ok so the scope of the problem is determined and all available data is collected. Hmm, I do this every day.
The Mayor calls the office to tell the chief of detectives that we must have this case solved. It can't happen again. We must catch the Villain!
Feel free to substitute Mayor with any high level management figure. Wow this is either a nasty bad guy or someone's driver is causing pool corruption causing a critical server to crash!
We now cut to a montage were the detective is in the Lab, using luminal, searching for DNA evidence, reflecting on the core facts of the case, researching past crimes.
I don't know about you, but I simply refer to this as the debugging process.
Finally a breakthrough, DNA collected at the scene of the crime identifies a suspect that should not have been at the scene. In doing additional research the suspect has a history of this type of activity. The bad guy is hauled in, charges are filed, and the case is solved!
This would equate to finding root cause, filing a bug, and getting a fix out the door!
Ultimately that's what we do. We are all detectives looking for the digital DNA of bugs in the wild affecting our customers. We hunt them down using tools, expertise, and experience.
When it comes to collecting critical forensic information and looking for that Digital DNA of a bug it often comes down to getting a dump of the process or system.
GES (Global Escalation Services, formerly known as CPR) Escalation Engineers have probably looked at more dumps then the average person passes telephone poles in a lifetime. Don't get me wrong, we do a lot of live debugs also, however dumps are the staple item in our debugging diet.
To begin, let's go over why we typically ask for a dump. Customers often think it's drastic to bring down an entire server via a "CRASH DUMP", is it worth it? The answer is ABSOLUTELY!!!
Full User-Mode dump
This dump file includes the entire memory space of a process, the program's executable image itself, the handle table, and other information that will be useful to the debugger.
Figure 1: Scope of a Full User-Mode dump
A Kernel Summary Dump
This dump contains all the memory in use by the kernel at the time of the crash. This kind of dump file is significantly smaller than the Complete Memory Dump.
Figure 2: Scope of a Kernel Summary dump
A Full/Complete Memory Dump
This is the largest dump file. This file contains all the physical memory for the machine at the time of the fault.
Figure 3: Scope of a Full/Complete Memory dump
When you open a dump with WinDbg, you can use the || (pipe pipe) command to determine the type of dump that you are analyzing
So the server is hung, and we request a dump. The dump can be created using a NMI Card, Crash.exe, or CTRL+SCRL LOCK+SCRL LOCK.
If the problem does not directly involve any user mode processes or we suspect there is a driver at fault we may simply ask for Kernel Summary dump.
If the problem involves user mode (application) code along with actions taking place in the kernel, or there are multiple process on the same machine making cross process calls, we will need the full user and kernel mode addresses ranges from the machine (Full Memory dump) so we can debug into the various user mode parts of the code that were being executed at the time the crash dump was captured.
Now that you have crashed your server and collected a dump for us to look at, you may ask what we can tell from the full / kernel dump. Well the following is just a small fraction:
What about LiveKd?
Sometimes we need to collect a kernel dump from a server and we are just not able to actually crash the server. Either the customer does not want us to, or their business will not allow it. In this case we can use the Sysinternals tool LiveKd. LiveKd Works with our kernel debugger by installing a device driver and extracting all the memory out of kernel to user-mode so that the debugger can open the rolling snapshot of the kernel. You can then write this dump file to disk by doing a .dump /f C:\livekd.dmp. While this will not crash or halt the server, it does give us some kernel information.
Words of Caution!
LiveKd does not provide an atomic snap shot of the server because while the driver is collecting the memory from the kernel the operating system is still running. It can take several minutes to get a LiveKd Dump and during this time LiveKd may start reading memory for structures such as lists, arrays, threads and other items that may be changing during the collection of the snapshot. This being the case, the timing data within the dump is no longer valid. For example: You are not able to see if one thread has been waiting longer than another based on its idle ticks because the items were not collected simultaneously. Also, linked lists and pool may appear corrupt or inconsistent in the dump. This may make some debugger extensions loop endlessly or even crash. However you can use this output to get an idea of what is going on in more general terms in respect to static variables such as handle counts in handle tables. You can often dump out handles, look at how many threads are in various processes and the types of things they were doing during the window the dump was collected. It's just very difficult to draw definitive conclusions from this type of dump. However, in those cases where we have no other option, using LiveKd to get a dump can provide valuable information.
About User Dumps
So what about "user dumps"?
Why, when and how? We ask for user dumps if we know the problem is limited to just one process having trouble. User dumps are usually associated with High CPU, Memory Corruption, Memory Consumption, or a Hung process. A user dump is only providing memory from a single process vs. all processes (See Figure 1 above). We can only debug the process you are targeting.
High CPU: "Three in a Row and we're Good to Go"
When a process is consuming a lot of CPU we will typically ask for 3-4 dumps, and these are usually taken 10-15 seconds apart. We recommend using either userdump.exe, adplus –hang (process id) or by attaching windbg.exe to the process and doing a .dump /ma C:\dump1.dmp ,2 ,3, etc. The /ma switch collects some extra information from the kernel and stores it in the user dump. Without this extra data in the user dump we would not be able to get things like thread execution time and handle information. The thread execution time allows the !runaway and .ttime commands to work on the dump. Without this data we could not tell what thread is consuming CPU.
We can then open the successive dumps and check the various states of the threads in the process over time. If one thread is constantly changing in each dump and consuming more and more CPU this is the thread that is typically at fault. We then examine the reason each call is being made in that thread's context. We also check for things like the last error that occurred on that thread using !gle (Get Last Error).
When it's Hung we Just Need One
When a process is hung it's typically due to a deadlock, or an application making a call in its window proc that is blocking preventing a repaint event from happening. In this type of case we need to get a dump once the application has become unresponsive. You can use WinDbg and dump the process via .dump /ma, use userdump.exe, or adplus –hang. Once we get this user dump we typically will look for a thread waiting on a critical section, event, semaphore or system call. You can pretty quickly get an idea of what is going on by doing a ~*kv and looking at the various thread states. If you see critical sections being waited on you can run !locks and it will tell you what the lock dependency is.
Adplus –crash and You'll Save Some Cash
With a process that is crashing, either due to memory corruption, divide by zero, access violations, or any number of potential unhandled exceptions we need to have either a debugger attached ahead of time, or adplus –crash monitoring the process in question. If we get a dump of a process before it has crashed, or after it has crashed and restarted it will not show us what we need to know. We need to be watching the process ahead of time so we can catch the dump in state at the time of the event. Adplus –crash will typically catch a second chance exception. This is for exceptions that occur in the application code that are not handled by the applications exception handler. In this case it falls though to the operating system to handle and we then typically tear down the process in question and/or invoke JIT, Just-in-Time debugging (Search for the AEDebug registry key for details). If you are using windbg.exe and have attached to the process a "Crash" or unhandled exception should halt or break into the debugger. At this point you can do a .dump /ma C:\my dumpfile.dmp
What about intermittent problems?
An intermittent problem can be one of the most difficult to isolate. Often times a condition may only last a few seconds yet it could critically effect server or application operation. In this type of scenario we have to get inventive; literally inventing new tools and methods of catching the bug or problem in the act. A good example is the sample I posted earlier of catching a hung window. This sample shows how to monitor something; in this case windows message pump responsiveness and take action if the response time falls out of your specified parameters. See "Detecting and automatically dumping hung GUI based windows applications."
Good luck and happy debugging!
PS: Doesn't CSI stand for Crashed Server Investigation?
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Nice post Jeff, thanks for taking the time to share.
For high CPU, I usally start with perfmon and see if its one thread or a whole bunch. If it's just one I can go int the debugger and see what that thread is doing or use kernrate to get a more full picture.
I guess thats the difference between doing live debugging here in MSIT and doing remote debugging through PSS/CPR... | <urn:uuid:df8c1d5c-6974-43f0-8a84-b430ed58a94e> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ntdebugging/archive/2008/04/15/the-digital-dna-of-bugs-dump-analysis-as-forensic-science.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700958435/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516104238-00064-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947984 | 2,699 | 1.546875 | 2 |
In the 7th century BC, the Greeks founded colonies all around the northern shore of the Black Sea. These colonies prospered on the trade between the steppes region and the Mediterranean world. Some of them developed mixed populations and polyglot cultures -- part Greek, part Scythian, part Anatolian, plus bits of other tribes. You can see the mixing in the wonderful art from this region, which is largely Greek but with exotic hints of the steppes and Middle East.
In the fifth century BC a kingdom arose around the straits at the eastern end of Crimea, the entrance to the Sea of Azov, called by the Greeks the Cimmerian Bosporus. The capital was in Panticapaeum (modern Kerch). The first dynasty of kings, which lasted into the 2nd century BC, was probably Thracian.
That Thracian dynasty must have intermarried with royal families of Anatolia, because when King Mithridates VI of Pontus was defeated by the Roman Pompey in 63 BC, he tried to flee to Crimea, where his sons had important positions. Alas for him, his sons wanted nothing to do with his anti-Roman crusade, so they attacked his men and, after Mithridates committed suicide, handed his body to Pompey. The Romans placed a friendly ruler from a local family on the throne and the region was a Roman client state for the next few centuries, experiencing another era of great prosperity.
The artists of the Greek colonies around the Black Sea probably made most of the spectacular treasures found in Scythian royal tombs. But they kept plenty of good stuff for their own ruling elite, as you can see from these pictures. All these objects came originally from tombs, mostly dug up in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Fortunately the Tsars loved this stuff, so they collected it heavily and the Hermitage in St. Petersburg has a wonderful collection. | <urn:uuid:8ca287bc-d29f-46e9-aa4f-2acd2edff552> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://benedante.blogspot.com/2011/08/arts-of-cimmerian-bosporus.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698207393/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095647-00056-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971823 | 398 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Spanish for Lawyers I & II
Spanish For Lawyers I
After completing this course, students will be able to introduce themselves and other legal professionals, fill out a client intake form in Spanish, give directions to law offices and court buildings, discuss legal fees, and have basic conversation about family, country of origin and legal problems with the client.
Spanish For Lawyers II
This course is mainly conversational, focusing on role playing specific legal situations in the areas of criminal law, minor civil law disputes, and domestic relations. Emphasis is placed on procedural legal vocabulary in Spanish. | <urn:uuid:d60f210e-3d74-4600-824a-028c8f72a755> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.law.du.edu/index.php/lawyering-in-spanish/courses-and-seminars/spanish-for-lawyers-i-ii | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697974692/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095254-00010-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942101 | 115 | 2.3125 | 2 |
FAQs on Breckenridge’s decriminalization of marijuana, November 2009
In the Summit County, Colorado election on Tuesday, November 3, 2009, the voters of Breckenridge approved Question 2F, which asked: SHALL THE ELECTORS OF THE TOWN OF BRECKENRIDGE ADOPT AN AMENDMENT TO THE BRECKENRIDGE TOWN CODE, EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2010, REMOVING ALL CRIMINAL PENALTIES UNDER TOWN LAW FOR THE POSSESSION OF ONE OUNCE OR LESS OF MARIJUANA AND RELATED PARAPHERNALIA BY PERSONS TWENTY ONE YEARS OF AGE OR OLDER?
Breckenridge is governed by a home rule charter. The Charter gives electors of the Town the power to propose any ordinance to the Town Council through a petition process. In July 2009, a citizens’ initiated petition was submitted by Sensible Breckenridge to, and then certified as valid by, the Town Clerk. The petition called for an ordinance to decriminalize the possession of up to one ounce of marijuana and related paraphernalia by persons twenty one years of age older. Breckenridge Town Charter requires the Town Council to either adopt the proposed ordinance or call a special election to allow the voters to approve or reject the ordinance.
In August 2009, the Council voted not to pass the citizen initiated ordinance and therefore by law, was presented to the voters for the Summit County Coordinated election on November 3rd. The Breckenridge voters approved the citizens’ initiated petition which decriminalizes the private possession of less than one ounce of marijuana and related paraphernalia by adults (ages 21 or older). Unofficial election results from Summit County reported 617 (71%) voted Yes, and 253 (29%) voted No. Full election results can be found at by clicking here.
What this means:
It is important to note that the passing of this ordinance does not legalize marijuana as per federal and state laws, but merely removes criminal sanctions through the Town’s municipal court. The Town believes that the passing of this ordinance is mainly symbolic and will not result in a noticeable change in our community.
Why doesn’t federal law, which prohibits marijuana possession and use, apply?
The possession of marijuana is still a federal crime. Recently, however, President Obama has announced that his administration will not prosecute persons who possess marijuana pursuant to a state law allowing for the possession and use of marijuana for medical purposes.
Denver voters approved a similar measure in 2005; however, Colorado law still prohibits marijuana possession and use. How will this work?
These laws basically decriminalize private possession of marijuana of one ounce or less but only on the municipal level. The possession of marijuana is still a violation of state law (classified as a petty offense), and a person who is found to be illegally in possession of marijuana in violation of state law is still subject to a fine of $50, plus court costs.
What is the ski area’s stance?
The Breckenridge Ski Resort, a separate entity which operates within both Town of Breckenridge and Summit County boundaries, has stated that they will continue to enforce state and federal laws and that it is illegal under the Skier Safety Act to use any trail, ski slope or lift while under the influence.
When will the passage of 2F be enacted?
It becomes effective January 1, 2010.
Please click here for a press release concerning this citizen marijuana initiative and the November 3, 2009 election.
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©2013 Town of Breckenridge. All Rights Reserved. Website Created by Vision Internet | <urn:uuid:d8570580-0627-423a-8385-8de2e3b0a639> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.townofbreckenridge.com/index.aspx?page=850 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698924319/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516100844-00020-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934519 | 782 | 1.71875 | 2 |
French publicist, b. at Lisieux, Calvados, in 1842; d. at Paris, 15 June, 1912. After publishing in 1866 a romance entitled "Une troupe de[s] comediens", a kind of historical romance dealing with the Italian risorgimento, he directed his attention to political and historical studies. His articles on Napoleon III, Victor Emmanuel, and Pius IX, collected in 1879 in a volume entitled, "Un empereur, un roi, un pape, une restauration", are very important for the history of the second French Empire. His article in the "Revue des Deux Mondes" (1 Dec., 1874) on the restoration of historical monuments was a most original protest against the false tendencies which impelled Viollet-le-Duc and his disciples, under pretext of restoration, to rebuild the Gothic cathedral according to certain preconceived systems, instead of making the necessary repairs with conscientiousness and moderation. Leroy-Beaulieu's three volumes entitled "L'empire des tsars et les Russes" (1883-87) are an important work: the information they contain with regard to the Russian religion and the various sects scattered throughout the Slavic empire will long retain its value. His work on Milutin gives a stirring account of the emancipation of the serfs under Alexander II. He is likewise the author of detailed studies on the Liberal Catholics of France in the nineteenth century, and his book entitled "La papauté, le socialisme, et la democratie" was the first to welcome Leo XIII's Encyclical "Rerum Novarum". In principles he was opposed to all such doctrines which he called doctrines of hate; in 1897 he gave a conference against Antisemitism at the Institut Catholique of Paris; in 1903, when the policy of anticlericalism dealt a serious blow in the Levant to the religious influence of France and the protectorate of the missions he sounded an alarm in the "Revue des Deux Mondes".
Though much attached to all ideas of liberty, Leroy-Beaulieu did not share the blind enthusiasm of the Liberals of the first half of the nineteenth century for the principles of the Revolution; he was able to form a critical opinion of the liberalism and individualism which had proceeded from the Revolution, and his admiration for the Declaration of the Rights of Man did not prevent him from asserting in his book, "La révolution et le libéralisme", that "the idea of duty should be restored to its place beside that of right". In 1906 he became director of the Free School of Political Science, where he had long been teaching, and he retained this position till his death. He had belonged to the Académie des Sciences Morales since 1887.
CHARMES in Revue des Deux Mondes (1 July, 1912); FAGNIEZ in Reforme sociale (16 July, 1912); DE QUIRIELLE in Revue hebdomadaire (13 July, 1912).
APA citation. (1914). Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: The Encyclopedia Press. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16052b.htm
MLA citation. "Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 16 (Index). New York: The Encyclopedia Press, 1914. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16052b.htm>.
Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Herman F. Holbrook. For the glory of God and in honor of Saint Philomena.
Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. March 1, 1914. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.
Contact information. The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. My email address is feedback732 at newadvent.org. (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads. | <urn:uuid:ae4bcc0d-c2c9-4499-ac3f-94df6d386e0d> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16052b.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704392896/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113952-00024-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.90093 | 886 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Sanchi is a perfect site, located nearly 70 kilometers from Bhopal (capital of Madhya Pradesh) amidst beautiful natural surroundings, far from the madding crowd, with well-preserved monuments and exquisite sculptures that are two thousand years old. No photograph seems able to capture the splendour of this rural landscape. Quite unexpectedly a round hill, an earth mound, protrudes gently above the plains, like a natural stupa on which an ancient Buddhist community built their venerated religious building. There are structures and sculptures here that date from the third century BC to seventh century AD, confirming that Sanchi flourished as a center of pilgrimage and as a monastic home for several hundred Buddhist for almost a thousands years.
It is not known why this site was chosen as a religious center. It is not connected directly with the life of the Buddha in any way. The reason Sanchi remained active for more than ten centuries may have been because it was situated near Vidisha (a thriving town seven kilometer away, and Sanchi's ancient name was Vidishagiri, the hill of Vidisha).
It was a strategic trade center beside the confluence of the Bees and Betwa rivers. We are told that rich merchants and patrons from Vidisha sustained the religious life and building activity at Sanchi. Buddhism appealed to the mercantile classes because it was way of life that was not hindered by caste restrictions and gave to every one the respectability, which comes with wealth and social mobility. For the Buddhist monks the location was most convenient. They could reside in the peaceful sanctuary of Sanchi (also called Chaitya-giri, the hill of Chaitya prayer halls) and walk to Vidisha (according to their prescribed custom) to beg for alms and their daily food. We are also told that it was to Vidisha that the Mauryan Emperor Ashok's wife belonged and that he had wished to honour the area by establishing an important Buddhist center. It was her son, Mahindra, who led the royal embassy to the island of Sri Lanka and carried the message of the Buddha there.
This Sanchi hillock is mere 91 meters high, no more than a swelling on the earth's surface. At the base is an entrance gate, a ticket counter, and an Archaeological Museum (that houses sculptures and artifacts excavated at the site, including a wonderful lion capital of the Mauryan period and beautiful images of the Buddha of the Mahayana period), which can be best appreciated after seeing the site. A road has been built to the summit where most of the monuments stand; there are later buildings, principally monasteries, on the eastern and southern sides. Stupa No 2 is to the west and Sanchi village lie to the north-east on the road to Vidisha.
At the summit of the hillock is a large enclosed area that contains several ruined and excavated structures, but most dramatic is the hemispherical mound (16.46 meters high and 36.6 meters in diameter) of Stupa No. 1. This stupa is completely solid, with a smaller, older brick structure enclosed within (constructed at the orders of Emperor Askok, who converted to Buddhism). Over this ancient brick formation (belonging to the second to third century BC) an outer layer was added, faced entirely with stone. Right on top is the harmika of the stupa, the stone-tiered umbrella is protected, as a sacred sign, with a square railing from which spreads the immense expanding from of the stupa body or anda (referring to the egg, the promise of life).
At the lower level is another railing, an elevated pradakshina patha or circumambulatory passage, which is approached by a flight of stairs. At ground layer is a similar high stone railing (3.2 meters) that encircles the stupa, with lozenge-like horizontal bars that fit into the pillar sockets of the upright posts. If one looks closely at the railing one cannot but marvel at the labor involved in making a rather simple wooden railing design out of stone.
A number of inscriptions appear engraved on such railing posts which register gifts made by patrons and suggest that such widespread artistic activity was sponsored by a variety of patrons rather than by a single donor.
Facing the four cardinal directions, encompassing all humankinds within the radius of Buddha's philosophy, are four gateways. These torans are the unchallenged, unsurpassed artistic achievement of Buddhist art at Sanchi. The gateway is staggered like a cattle gate, and consists of two upright pillars (8.5 meters high). Above and across the pillars are three separate horizontal, slightly bowed beams all minutely carved on the front and reverse sides. The crowning emblems of the toran are symbols of the ceaseless motion of the wheel of dharma, the law of life. The pillars of the gateway are divided into smaller panels, each carrying a story relating to the life of Buddha, while the horizontal beams have longer depictions of well-known Buddhist tales.
The north gateway depicts several scenes of the Buddha teaching: at Sravasti, in a grove, at Kapilavastu, and so on. Since much of the work at Sanchi was done during the height of the Hinayana period, many of the sculptured panels do not actually show the Buddha in human form but refer to his divine presence with symbols like the umbrella, the empty throne, and the Bodhi Tree. There are four elephants with swaying trunks and robust figures, which hold up the beams of the toran. Besides the elephant are two backets figures, the most sensuous depictions of salabhanjikas or yakshis, sacred tree spirits. John Marshall, who was responsible for the conservation of Sanchi in 1912, says of these lovely forms:
Holding with both hands to the arching bough of a mango tree, the shalabhanjikas curves the woodbine of her body in an attitude which brings out her breasts like urns of gold.
These figures bend with natural grace and their curvaceous forms bedecked with jewels reiterate the symbols of abundance and fertility. The architraves or horizontal beams also tell suggestive stories. The lower panel (back and front) expound a Jataka tale about a generous prince called Vessantara who never refused anyone who asked for a gift. Having given away the state elephant who was believed to bring rain, he and his family were banished from the palace. On the lower front beam panel of the northern gateway one can see the scene of the giving of the elephant and the magnanimous prince being forced to leave the palace. On the reverse side (seen best from the railing at the first level) the story unfolds, with the royal family living a humble life in the forest when a crafty man asks Vassantara for his children and he gives them away as well. Having passed this ultimate test of pure, selfless generosity, the prince receives his family and kingdom back again.
On the west gateway there is another very charming Jataka tale about Mahakapi, a kind and compassionate monkey, a previous incarnation of the Buddha. This monkey lived in the forest amongst his friends and relatives. One day prince out hunting spotted the monkeys frolicking amidst the branches. The Buddha, to help his family escape from the arrows of the hunter, swung himself across the river clasping the branches of trees and formed a live bridge. His companions were all able to flee but one jealous monkey jumped so hard that he broke the Buddha's back. The brave and altruistic monkey collapsed, but the sequence of events had been witnessed by the princely hunter who came to his aid. The scene shows the monkey bridge, the fleeing monkeys, the hunter seated beside the Buddha listening to his teaching and his philosophy of life.
These panels with shallow carved friezes are full of vitality and playful energy. Sanchi encapsulates an early phase of Buddhism on Indian soil and the sculptures found here bear the stamp of a beguiling innocence and charm.
To the north-east of Stupa No.1 is another smaller one numbered Stupa No.3, built around the second to first century BC, which has only one gateway. The sculptures here are more naïve with delightful medallions of elephants bathing and peacocks with fanned tails performing their mating dance. This stupa has a special the earthly remains of Sariputra and Maudgalyayana, two loyal disciples of the Buddha who predeceased their master. It is the sage Sariputra who is connected with the great Buddhist university site of Nalanda (Bihar, India).
There are several other types of structures and ruins at Sanchi. The monasteries on the east side follow a regular plan with a central courtyard surrounded by a continuous pillared verandah, behind which area a line of monastic cells. The most impressive example is the ruined Monastery No.51 on the lower western terrace of the hill.
To the south of Stupa No.1 is an interesting structure, Temple No.17, belonging to the fifth century, the Gupta period. This small building is accredited as being the first representative Hindu temple to have been built in stone. It is a flat roofed, one roomed structure, which has a small porch with carved pillars leading into the sanctum where the idol would have been kept. From the humble form of Temple No.17, the Hindu temple design grew in size with the addition of a number of rooms. Its flat roof was replaced in later centuries with towering shikharas of grand dimensions.
• What's in the neighbourhood
Near Sanchi (6 kilometer west of Vidisha) is Udaigiri with fifth century rock-cut caves carved in to the hill side. This series of rock-cut monuments of the Gupta period have some very interesting sculptured panels, which foreshadow the dramatic carving of Ellora and Elephanta in subsequent centuries. Cave No.5 has on its back wall a huge image of Varaha, the boar incarnation of Vishnu who rescued the earth from primordial floods. Here the massive (4 meters high) sculpture depicts the august form of the Varaha standing at ease (for the gods do everything with graceful ease), lifting up the tiny earth goddess in his arms high above the swirling waters, while below all of nature (fish, sea serpents and nagas) come to witness this cataclysmic moment in the history of the universe.
To get to Sanchi the best way is to stay at Bhopal, the capital of Madhya Pradesh. From here a number of interesting day trips can be made. Bhimbetka is a beautiful site with natural caves and rocky hillsides where you can visit some of the oldest human habitations of the Indian subcontinent. These huge rock caves have paintings made by Stone Age communities some ten thousands years ago. Another day trip from Bhopal can be to Bhojpur, situated across a small stream amidst the rocky plains, which has an amazing (unfinished) eleventh century Shiva temple. Through the high door way can be seen the massive form of the linga on a platform that is over 8 meters high.
• How to get there
Bhopal is linked by air, rail and road to every major town in northern and western India. There several museums (like Kala Bhavan) that can be visited and a stay of two to three days at Bhopal would be necessary to visit Sanchi (70 kilometers away), Udaigiri, Bhimbetka, and other places of interest. | <urn:uuid:58c1e4f2-c6f0-4b27-a149-b59cad77c6dc> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.4to40.com/travel/index.asp?p=Sanchi | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368702448584/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516110728-00018-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962207 | 2,417 | 2.640625 | 3 |
1"Now this is the commandment, the statutes and the ordinances which Yahweh your God commanded me to teach you, that you may do them in the land to which you are going over, to possess it; 2that you may fear Yahweh your God, you and your son and your son's son, by keeping all his statutes and his commandments, which I command you, all the days of your life; and that your days may be prolonged. 3Hear therefore, O Israel, and be careful to do them; that it may go well with you, and that you may multiply greatly, as Yahweh, the God of your fathers, has promised you, in a land flowing with milk and honey.
4"Hear, O Israel: Yahweh our God is one LORD; 5and you shall love Yahweh your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your might. 6And these words which I command you this day shall be upon your heart; 7and you shall teach them diligently to your children, and shall talk of them when you sit in your house, and when you walk by the way, and when you lie down, and when you rise. 8And you shall bind them as a sign upon your hand, and they shall be as frontlets between your eyes. 9And you shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates.
10"And when Yahweh your God brings you into the land which he swore to your fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give you, with great and goodly cities, which you did not build, 11and houses full of all good things, which you did not fill, and cisterns hewn out, which you did not hew, and vineyards and olive trees, which you did not plant, and when you eat and are full, 12then take heed lest you forget Yahweh, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. 13You shall fear Yahweh your God; you shall serve him, and swear by his name. 14You shall not go after other gods, of the gods of the peoples who are round about you; 15for Yahweh your God in the midst of you is a jealous God; lest the anger of Yahweh your God be kindled against you, and he destroy you from off the face of the earth.
16"You shall not put Yahweh your God to the test, as you tested him at Massah. 17You shall diligently keep the commandments of Yahweh your God, and his testimonies, and his statutes, which he has commanded you. 18And you shall do what is right and good in the sight of Yahweh, that it may go well with you, and that you may go in and take possession of the good land which Yahweh swore to give to your fathers 19by thrusting out all your enemies from before you, as Yahweh has promised.
20"When your son asks you in time to come, 'What is the meaning of the testimonies and the statutes and the ordinances which Yahweh our God has commanded you? 21then you shall say to your son, 'We were Pharaoh's slaves in Egypt; and Yahweh brought us out of Egypt with a mighty hand; 22and Yahweh showed signs and wonders, great and grievous, against Egypt and against Pharaoh and all his household, before our eyes; 23and he brought us out from there, that he might bring us in and give us the land which he swore to give to our fathers. 24And Yahweh commanded us to do all these statutes, to fear Yahweh our God, for our good always, that he might preserve us alive, as at this day. 25And it will be righteousness for us, if we are careful to do all this commandment before Yahweh our God, as he has commanded us.'
|<< | Deut:6 | >>| | <urn:uuid:94b7120f-7068-4663-9e71-6511d906189a> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.katapi.org.uk/katapiNSBunix/Versions/versionsTextByBC.php?B=5&C=6&Cv=1&version=KNSB | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703682988/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112802-00068-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979778 | 836 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Global Phase-out of Lead in Gasoline Succeeds: Major Victory for Kids' Health
Today marks a major victory for the world’s children, and the people of developing nations around the globe.
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), working with NRDC in the Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles, today announced toxic lead has been removed from gasoline in more than 175 countries worldwide – representing near-global eradication. A new, independent scientific analysis shows the result of this achievement is a 90 percent drop in blood lead levels worldwide, as well as 1.2 million lives saved each year and $2.4 trillion generated in health, social and economic benefits annually.
This achievement is a terrific example of the power of global cooperation. Now, vehicle fuel in nearly every country in the world – with the exception of a handful of nations like Myanmar and North Korea – is lead-free. I’m proud to say that NRDC has been a major player in these efforts, going all the way back to a ground-breaking lawsuit we filed against EPA in 1972.
Lead had been used in gasoline since the 1920s – but it wasn’t until decades later that the dangers of airborne lead, particularly to children, started to become clear. We now know that lead can cause brain, kidney, and cardiovascular damage in adults and kids. Even small amounts of lead can lower a child’s IQ level and shorten attention span. Children with lead in their blood are also more likely to become aggressive, violent and delinquent.
Armed with this knowledge – we knew what had to be done. And the EPA, under political pressure, wasn’t doing it.
When the EPA stalled on regulating lead emissions, a very young NRDC took up the cause. In 1973, an NRDC lawsuit resulted in the first EPA rules to regulate lead in gasoline. By 1978, after several years of battling in the courts and fighting pushback from industry, the phase-out of lead from vehicle fuel in the United States had begun.
By 1991, the benefits of the new rules were undeniable. Blood lead levels in the U.S. had dropped 77 percent. And the United States saved more than $10 for every $1 invested in the phase-out, not only thanks to reduced health costs, but to better, more efficient fuel. The new regulations on lead forced industry to innovate and create a better product – safer fuel additives that performed better than lead, reducing wear and tear on engines and improving fuel efficiency.
But the battle wasn’t over outside our borders. Leaded gasoline was still being used in other countries, some of which had few safeguards in place to protect public health.
In 1993, NRDC took its campaign to phase out leaded gasoline to the global stage. As a follow-up to the 1992 Earth Summit, we conducted an unprecedented survey of leaded gasoline use in nations around the world.
We presented our findings to the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, which agreed to a call for a global phase-out. The need to do so was urgent. The World Health Organization estimated that 15 to18 million children in developing nations were suffering brain damage due to lead poisoning. Poor families who lived on the roadsides were bearing the brunt of the exposure, as 95 percent of lead emissions in these countries came from cars and trucks.
Over the next several years, we collaborated with an informal network of environmental officials in the United States and other countries, the World Bank, and other experts. We were able to stimulate or speed action for phasing out lead in gasoline in dozens of nations in Europe, the former Soviet Bloc, Latin America, and Asia.
In 2002, at the World Summit for Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, NRDC joined UNEP and a group of governments, industry leaders, and environmental organizations to form the Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles, housed at UNEP headquarters in Nairobi. One of the first goals of the partnership was to complete the removal of lead in gasoline – starting in sub-Saharan Africa, where, at the time, dozens of countries still used lead. Over the years, the partnership's campaign spread to more than 100 countries in every region of the world.
Today, the partnership has essentially achieved its goal of removing lead from the global fuel supply. It is incredibly rewarding to have come this far. But today’s announcement is the triumph of one battle – not the entire war.
The world has been rid of one harmful fuel, but there are others. We now look to clean up the dirty diesel pollution that shrouds so many cities. Our work in New York City has already helped slash diesel emissions from buses by 97 percent, and we continue to find new ways to take our Dump Dirty Diesel campaign beyond our borders.
NRDC will continue to fight for cleaner fuels and the removal of toxic chemicals from our environment, here and around the world. Getting the lead out of gasoline is a powerful reminder of what we can achieve when we set politics aside and work toward a common goal of protecting the health of children and families. | <urn:uuid:b1abc00c-5612-4b11-b615-3e5a5e50e858> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/plehner/global_phase-out_of_lead_in_ga.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368710006682/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516131326-00057-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96751 | 1,044 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Non-smoking ordinances are among the most popular albeit controversial public health-care legislations worldwide. This article provides an empirical assessment of the impact of non-smoking ordinances on bar and restaurant revenues in German Federal States. By application of panel spline regression and difference-in-difference strategies, we find negative impact limited to bars in the very short run. If any, there is a positive impact on total expenditures in the long run, indicating that either consumption pattern has not changed at all or that any reduction in spending by smokers is compensated for by a corresponding increase by non-smokers. These findings support the German – and similar – non-smoking legislations in the sense that positive externalities resulting from reduced health care cost are likely to outweigh the risk to businesses in the hospitality sector, at least in the long run. | <urn:uuid:13aebcb6-64fb-4452-9a2b-ddc17fde7083> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/hcewpaper/026.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703682988/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112802-00053-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943788 | 166 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Can Computers Decide?
July 6, 2001 by Roger Schank
A look at how computers make decisions. By saying computers can’t truly reason, are we being “fleshists?”
Originally published March 22, 2001 at iMP Magazine. Published on KurzweilAI.net July 6, 2001.
Humans can’t really know all that much. They only have the particular experiences they have had, and those can differ by quite a bit from the experience of the next guy. A computer has the benefit of all of the experiences that any set of humans is likely to tell to the computer.
The real question is whether we want them to decide. My career has encompassed many different areas of software design and deployment, but always this question persists: will people let computers decide? When I was working in artificial intelligence (AI), we began to realize that we could create machines that not only could decide, but would likely to be able to decide better than humans can. Now that I work in the area of software for education, we realize we can create courses that will function quite nicely without any human instructor involved, yet always we are confronted with: What about the human element? and Will the student be evaluated by a computer? These are related issues. Let me explain why. I will start with AI.
AI came of age with the advent of expert systems. These systems were rule-based and attempted to capture the rules that a decision maker uses when making a knowledge-based decision like where to drill for oil or how to diagnose a disease. These systems worked passably well, but they never got smart as a result of their experiences and thus never really rivaled a human decision maker in a complex domain.
The next generation of AI decision making systems were case-based reasoning (CBR) systems that employed cases instead of rules. They reasoned by analogy to prior experience and could integrate new experiences into their database, thus getting smarter with each new attempt at reasoning. A good CBR system depends upon having thousands of cases indexed in complex ways so that just the right experience can “come to mind” at the right time. Thus, a good CBR system could really “know” more and retrieve what it knows better than a human could.
CBR systems could get good enough so that you might want a computer decision maker to decide U.S. foreign policy. What a terrible idea, say the scoffers. But, real decision makers reason from cases too and sometimes they make profound case-based errors (my favorite being the use of the Pueblo incident as a precedent to help President Ford decide what to do in the Mayaguez incident–a match that only made sense because both involved Spanish-named ships). A computer would presumably be more consistent, less liable to emotion and stress, more mindful of historical precedent, more generally knowledgeable of prior cases and much less likely to have had a bad night’s sleep or a fight with its wife.
We found however, in the process of building CBR systems, that people were afraid of them. No one, it seemed, wanted computers to take over, or to make hard decisions without a human “in the loop” watching out to see that a good decision was made. The problem with this is that a computer can have a much larger case base than any one human can, so large that it would be hard to imagine that a human would know whether the computer had made a good decision or not. Humans can’t really know all that much. They only have the particular experiences they have had, and those can differ by quite a bit from the experience of the next guy. A computer has the benefit of all of the experiences that any set of humans is likely to tell to the computer.
Now let me turn to the field in which I currently work. For some years now I have been building educational software, not the drill and kill kind, but the kind that allows for a learn by doing experience in a complex simulated environment. I do not believe that education is well served by lectures, by computer versions of lecture courses, or by the general approach to learning that says that swallowing whole heaps of information and showing how much you have swallowed on a multiple choice test means anything at all. We learn from experience, interrupted by good just in time teaching (storytelling really). Software that is well-designed can create just the kind of experiential learning (think of air flight simulators) that is so hard to find in a book or in a classroom.
We have been building this software for some time, and now, after having started to work with Columbia University to build high quality university level courses, we are offering those courses to high schools around the country. The idea is that in a country where the football coach is the most likely candidate to teach physics and where a psychology course is ne’er to be found in any but the fanciest of highs schools, it might make sense to start migrating high-quality learn by doing online courses from a top university into the highs schools. This might make sense, and to some high schools it does, but most cry foul. You mean there won’t be a teacher present? How will the student learn? We can’t not have a teacher. What if we put a teacher in the classroom where the students are online? Well, the whole idea of online courses is that they can be taken any time anywhere and one would assume that the last place to take them would be at an assigned time in classroom. Further, who are they going to put in there? We are offering C++ and JAVA courses because they don’t have instructors in high school who can teach these courses. Does this deter them from putting a teacher in there? No, of course not. They just try to put a teacher in who “isn’t any good anyhow” and who “normally teaches something else,” just so there will be a human present.
For years I have started my classes by asking students if they thought computers could reason and I was always told that they couldn’t. I then would claim that I was actually a computer and ask if they believed I could reason. They said I could but, of course didn’t believe that I was a computer. I accused them of being “fleshists,” that is, of being prejudiced against devices that can reason that are not made of human flesh. The sad story is that we all somehow seem to believe that humans are better at reasoning than a computer could ever be, which is clearly false, or better at teaching than a computer could ever be, which is also clearly false. Of course, there are some pretty exceptional humans, but there are also some pretty bad ones. I say we give the computers the chance to show their stuff.
The computer-based online world which we are about to enter can be very powerful. We can be pretty sure that politicians, teachers, and other people with vested interests will do very little to help this world come about because they are afraid of being replaced. They are not going to be replaced by superior beings of course–that stuff is the stuff of science fiction. They could, on the other hand, be replaced in tasks that are simply too much for any one human to bear. Making complex decisions based on tremendous amounts of data would seem to be one of these. Another is bringing all the world’s knowledge to bear to help out a student in just the right way at just the right time. Well-intentioned teachers may simply not know enough or be able to spend the individual one on one time that a student might need. We have progressed beyond the time when the teacher was the most knowledgeable person in a community or school. We have also progressed beyond the time when decision makers can rely on their own experience or the experience of their assistants to deal with a complex environment. We must stop being fleshists and encourage the building of these kinds of programs as well as their deployment.
Originally published March 2001, iMP Magazine | <urn:uuid:fbe7e9d6-f25a-43b6-afd5-49dd7e3a2354> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.kurzweilai.net/can-computers-decide | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696383156/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092623-00043-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9808 | 1,670 | 2.5 | 2 |
15 Minutes Into the Future
Elon Musk‘s aerospace venture is off to a good start with the recent launch of SpaceX’s Dragon cargo ship, but his Tesla stores selling expensive electric Model S sedans are running into problems with fossil-fueled competitors.
Several state associations of auto dealers are invoking older laws protecting conventional methods of selling cars by claiming the way Tesla sells cars is unfair to other dealers and possibly even illegal. Here’s one example out of several cited by Automotive News:
Google will not delete an inflammatory video currently playing a role in Muslim protests around the world, in spite of a take-down request from the White House.
The search giant is only censoring Innocence of Muslims in India, Indonesia, Egypt and Libya, where violent and deadly protests have broken out following the video’s translation into Arabic. Reuters reports on the company’s legalistic explanation for not just wiping the video completely from the web: | <urn:uuid:b5eac1f1-55ae-4d8f-8155-188ada57b9bd> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://betabeat.com/tag/conflicts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368710006682/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516131326-00036-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.914942 | 198 | 1.820313 | 2 |
The forest trees are still bare, and I can't see any signs of imminent bud-popping on them. These are the two largest trees in my "front forest." My driveway passes between these two lovely beech trees. The clear blue sky is typical in this area of an early spring sky. In spring, when it's not raining, the humidity is usually low, the skies clear. By summer, the skies will turn hazy with humidity.
I have been clearing brush in my back forest this week. Last summer thorny undergrowth took over, and I couldn't walk behind or past the cabin into the forest. Likely, having the cabin here in the first place is what created the edge habitat that favored the appearance of the thicket. Even though my little cabin sits between trees, several trees had to be cut down to have room to build it. And that cutting created open sky and let in more sun than elsewhere in the forest. That extra sun favors the thorny undergrowth. Normally, I am profoundly in the "let nature take its course" camp, but two things happened to make me think the area was getting a little out of hand.
The first clue (that I ignored at the time) was when a Northern waterthrush appeared on my deck railing. Waterthrush are secretive birds that prefer deep underbrush with water running through it. The water, in this case, came from my basement drain after inches of rain. The fact that a waterthrush was on my deck railing was a hint that the underbrush was getting pretty thick. This bird spent several days making odd little noises and teasing the cats before moving on to another spot.
The second thing happened in August, during a dry spell. The thorny thicket was now growing up, snaking its thorny fingers between the deck fence that's a good 6 feet above the ground. Obviously, this thicket was now getting to be a fire hazard too, but in the heat of August I wasn't about to start trying to cut it back then. So I held my breath and hoped my luck would hold until the weather broke. But fall turned into a time when family obligations prevailed. Then winter came and with it work at the ski resort, also eventual snow cover. So it is only now that I am cutting down the thicket, at least enough so that I can walk behind the cabin.
The only sign of spring greenery that I have yet seen at the cabin is the buds on this thorny stuff, so I know I'm not a moment too soon in starting to clear it out. I work at it a little each night, only 20 minutes or so at a time. On the south side of the large oak tree out back, I have cleared a buffer of 8-10 feet. The north side still needs work--there's only room enough for a path so far. This is the area where the waterthrush appeared, and I am a bit reluctant to attack it with more vigor. How many people have waterthrush on their deck railings? I really liked that part. | <urn:uuid:22b9bb75-9ea9-4a57-9f0a-cd38e423c54b> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://roundtoprumings.blogspot.com/2007_03_01_archive.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698924319/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516100844-00026-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979547 | 632 | 1.625 | 2 |
It's common practice in PHP development to use template files to include in your web pages. WordPress comes with in-built functions to include certain files in your theme:
- get_header() - Includes the header.php file
- get_sidebar() - Includes the sidebar.php file
- get_footer() - Includes the footer.php file
If you want to include custom files in your WordPress theme you need an easy way to include these in your theme. You can use the PHP function include, but the problem with this is that you need to know the full path of the file. If you are looking for the full path of a file in your theme folder the path can be huge /root/wp-content/themes/twenty-twelve/include/new-file.php.
There is an easier way...Wordpress has a function to include files within the same theme folder.
This function is
get_template_part( $slug, $php );
How To Use get_template_part()
If I have a file which I am going to use to display the Author information at the end of the content I might want to use the same file on the Author page to keep a consistent style.
Therefore I would put the HTML needed into it's own custom-author.php file and might want to organise this into an includes folder in the theme.
Then after the content we can include the custom-author.php file by using the get_template_part function.
get_theme_file( 'includes/custom-author' );
Use PHP Constant
WordPress creates a number of PHP constant variables which you can use in your theme, one of these constant variables is to get the theme path.
Having the theme path means you can include any file in your theme by using this constant variable and the default PHP include or require functions.
<?php include (TEMPLATEPATH . '/your-file.php'); ?> | <urn:uuid:0be41087-92ac-4e6d-9416-e3c6ca4fdd7e> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.paulund.co.uk/include-wordpress-template-files-in-your-theme | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704132298/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113532-00013-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.904143 | 413 | 2.09375 | 2 |
(BlackDoctor.org) — It’s no secret that taking a months-long hiatus from the gym or indulging in dessert night after night can cause pounds to creep on. But many other less obvious things — from what time you go to sleep to how often you multitask — can impact your weight too.
“Lots of women think they’re doing everything right for weight loss, but habits that you’ve never even thought of may be unwittingly sabotaging your efforts,” says Karlene Karst, RD, author of Belly Fat Breakthrough. If you’re trying to slim down, pay attention to these shockingly sneaky weight-loss saboteurs.
MUST WATCH: “Biggest Loser” Gets A Post-Weight Loss Makeover
A Love of Late-Night Television
Staying up late may pack on up to two pounds a month, according to new research from Northwestern University. The study found that people who go to bed late eat more food (on average 248 extra calories per day), have worse diets, and are more likely to have a higher body mass index than people who tuck in earlier.
Study researcher Kelly Glazer Baron, PhD, MPH, says both circadian rhythm and environmental factors may be at play. “Eating at night, when you’re supposed to be sleeping, may cause you to process calories differently,” she says. Plus, the foods we often crave at night — Moose Tracks ice cream, anyone? — tends to be high in calories and fat.
To ease into a new routine, inch your bedtime back by 15 minutes a night until you’re snagging seven to eight hours of sleep. When you get post-dinner munchies, opt for healthy snacks, such as frozen grapes or berries, air-popped popcorn, or high-fiber cereal (look for less than 5 grams of sugar per serving and more than 5 grams of fiber).
Traveling for Work
The more time you spend away from home, the worse off your waistline, according to a recent Columbia University study. After reviewing the medical records of more than 13,000 employees in a corporate wellness program, researchers found that those who traveled the most for work were more likely to have higher BMIs and a greater risk of obesity. Since 80 percent of business travel in the United States is by car, long stints of inactivity behind the wheel and unhealthy on-the-road food choices are probably to blame.
Karst suggests filling a portable cooler with fresh-cut fruits and vegetables, sandwiches, yogurt, and bottles of water, and stashing some nuts (almonds and walnuts) in your glove compartment as a go-to healthy snack. At rest stops, choose sandwich shops (like Subway or Quiznos) where you can pick your fillings; order a 6-inch size sandwich made with whole-grain or flat bread and lean meats, and load it up with filling veggies. Keep a gym bag and a pair of sneakers in your trunk — you can hit the hotel gym if there is one, or at the very least, take a walk.
MUST READ: Black Girls Run Too! Meet Them Here!
A Cardio Obsession
Ramp up cardio, burn calories and fat. Sounds simple enough, but the latest science on exercising for weight loss says otherwise. Classic cardio — walking on the treadmill, running, stepping, spinning, etc. — doesn’t help you lose as much weight as you might think, says Jim Karas, a celebrity trainer based in Chicago and author of The Cardio-Free Diet. | <urn:uuid:c53f7842-ec6c-4a19-8cd9-ee09d232c473> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://blackdoctor.org/42/weird-things-that-make-you-gain-weight/?omcamp=NEWSBAR | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696382584/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092622-00074-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938937 | 750 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Writing for the court's 5-4 majority, Justice Anthony M. Kennedy — a Californian — pointed to the use of "telephone-booth-sized cages without toilets" to house suicidal prisoners. A lower court earlier said that "an inmate in one of California's prisons needlessly dies every six or seven days due to constitutional deficiencies."
Monday's ruling is as much an indictment of this state's politics as it is of our correctional system, and it ought to prod us into considering a couple of unpleasant truths: One, America generally — and California in particular — simply sends too many people to prison for too long relative to their offenses. Two, this state's prisons are perhaps the prime example of our relatively recent popular impulse to insist on having things for which we don't want to pay — in this case, mass incarceration of nonviolent offenders. The situation has been exacerbated by the intrusion of another recent trend: the infusions of single-issue politics into our criminal justice system.
Sometimes this has amounted to wholesale overhauls, as with the 1990 Proposition 115 or the 1994 three-strikes initiative; sometimes, it involves people coalescing around a particular kind of crime and demanding huge increases in prison time for committing it. In either instance, prison funding is an afterthought.
Like the court's dissenters, California prosecutors and the Legislature's Republican leaders predicted that Monday's ruling will set in motion a wave of criminality. Given the significant number of prisoners incarcerated for nonviolent crimes or for violating their parole after conviction for such offenses, that doesn't seem inevitable. Moreover, Gov. Jerry Brown's plan to shift prisoners into county jails would seem a good hedge against a crime wave, providing the Legislature will fund it.
There again, though, we encounter the problem of chronic governmental dysfunction. On Monday, Senate Minority Leader Bob Dutton (R-Rancho Cucamonga) muttered darkly that the Democrats simply "are looking for any excuse they can to try to have more taxes." His solution was fast-tracking the construction of new prisons and persuading Washington to take custody of the undocumented immigrants serving time for felonies in California. In the current climate, there is no conceivable way either of those things is going to happen — hence, more wishful thinking.
If there's anything to which a fair degree of humility ought to attach itself these days, it's an opinion on the causes of crime and their remedies. About the same time the Supreme Court released its ruling in the California prison case, the FBI put out its updated set of national crime statistics. To the bewilderment of experts in virtually every camp surrounding this highly politicized issue, crime has continued to decline to the lowest levels in 40 years. These declines certainly confound those criminologists who are inclined to link crime to economic deprivation and joblessness. Despite the savagery of the current recession, for example, robbery rates fell by 8% in 2009 and by 9.5% last year. By the same token, the national prison populations actually have fallen over the last few years. So much for the incarceration-rate-is-destiny argument.
The issue California now confronts, however, doesn't really turn on solving this social scientific mystery. Our problem is, as the court pointed out, that overcrowding has reduced this state's prisons to a state of constitutional and human indecency — and that's a moral and legal scandal. Though it's been quoted with the frequency of cliche, Dostoyevsky's admonition remains true: "The degree of civilization in a society can be judged by entering its prisons." | <urn:uuid:201e4338-4c9d-4a16-b931-76d93b6b83d3> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/commentary/la-oe-0525-rutten-20110525,0,4764560.column | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368701852492/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516105732-00041-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956698 | 732 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Parking is a major topic of discussion in the 2012 Legislature and a couple of lawmakers want to ease the problem caused by the lack of it around the Capitol.
Rep. Scott Bedke, R-Oakley, introduced a bill Thursday that would allow the state to build a new parking garage using money saved through refinancing other government buildings. The legislation was introduced on a unanimous committee vote. It will receive a full hearing within a week or two.
Melissa Davlin of the Twin Falls Times-News reports that while the state employs 2,300 in the Capitol mall complex, there are only around 1,200 spaces for workers’ cars. That usually leads to vehicles lining the streets where free parking is available in the area, though it is scarce. Each legislative session only adds to the problem, as lawmakers vie for the state-owned spaces and press, lobbyists and Capitol visitors try to snag parking spaces.
The bill is sponsored by Bedke, House Transportation Committee Chairman Joe Palmer, R-Meridian, and Sen. Chuck Winder, R-Boise. | <urn:uuid:e02ccc8e-a021-4b1f-8d6d-ed8a032e4033> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.idahoreporter.com/2012/state-may-build-new-garage-to-ease-parking-problems/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698924319/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516100844-00021-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951759 | 219 | 1.5 | 2 |
Quotation added by staff
When one walks, one is brought into touch first of all with the essential relations between one's physical powers and the character of the country; one is compelled to see it as its natives do. Then every man one meets is an individual. One is no longer regarded by the whole population as an unapproachable and uninteresting animal to be cheated and robbed.Crowley, Aleister
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Search Quotations Book | <urn:uuid:250b5041-b576-4b87-bb69-67860a8f392f> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://quotationsbook.com/quote/40983/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699881956/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516102441-00025-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966363 | 111 | 1.601563 | 2 |
The ESCoNS 2 conference will convene March 15-17, 2013 at the University of Southern California to study "advancing medicine and education through the use of games," according to a press release from the Entertainment Software and Cognitive Neurotherapeutics Society.
The goal of the conference is to study how, with proper "training," video games could help those afflicted with neuropsychiatric illnesses including autism, schizophrenia, attention deficit disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Through a series of presentations, lectures and panel discussions, ESCoNS 2 participants hope to "combine the neuroscience of brain training with video game technology to target brain dysfunction in any number of human illnesses, creating a whole new and exciting field of 'cognitive neurotherapeutics.'"
The first ESCoNS was held in 2011 and included over 220 attendees. This year's meeting aims to build upon the fledgling field of study with attendees from the medical, scientific, educational and video game industries. It is sponsored by the Rose Family Foundation, an organization founded on the belief that "video game technology will help us understand and solve some of society's most pressing problems in areas such as medicine and education," according to its website.
"We have a major scientific issue that involves one of the greatest frontiers in medicine benefited by products that have already become a household staple — video games," said George Rose, founder of the Rose Family Foundation, former chief legal officer and current senior consultant for public policy and strategy at Activision. "Interactive products have become the new language of younger generations, a way of expression. But games also provide us with a window into interactive cognitive therapies that can address pain, brain dysfunction and other illnesses with dramatic results."
During ESCoNS 2, attendees will discuss topics ranging from learning through interactive software, design principles, video game approaches to various disorders and virtual reality. Those interested in attending can sign up at the official website. | <urn:uuid:af7aa2c4-2e63-4535-8d42-f021f73db6f0> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.polygon.com/2013/2/11/3976664/escons-2-conference-to-discuss-medical-and-scientific-advances | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706153698/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120913-00029-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953234 | 386 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Roses for dinner
We suggest a recipe with an unusual ingredient: roses! A recipe by chef Diego Colladon of the Ristorante Rossini at the Hotel Quirinale in Rome by Serena Guidobaldi
If you have roses on your balcony or in your garden and they are not treated (that’s important!), you can use their petals to make syrups, jams, fruit salads or even a first course that is very easy and quick but definitely surprising, like the one suggested by chef Diego Colladon of the Ristorante Rossini at the Hotel Quirinale in Rome.
FETTUCCINE WITH ROSE PETALS, BURRATA CREAM AND POPPY SEEDS
Ingredients for 4 servings:
200 g fresh burrata
Nutmeg, as needed
Purple red rose petals (untreated)
A knot of butter
2 tbsp poppy seeds
Salt, as needed
Fresh egg fettuccine
Finely chop the shallot and sauté in a pan with butter and a drop of oil. Add the burrata, some grated nutmeg and allow to melt slowly to obtain a smooth, velvet sauce.
Turn off the heat and add a rose petals julienne, put aside some whole petals to garnish the plate. Drain the fettuccine on the hard side, cream the burrata and the roses, add the whole poppy seeds, decorate with the whole rose petals and serve immediately.
Editorial staff’s favorite:
Refreshing, invigorating, soothing and astringent: rose water is a cure-all for your skin and is very easy to prepare at home. But if you don’t have petals (and time) rose water can be easily found in stores. One of the best, with natural ingredients that respect its composition and a recipe that dates back to 1381, is the rose water of the Officina Profumo Farmaceutica Santa Maria Novella.
On their website you can find the retailers in Italy, but if you are in Florence, we suggest that you visit the beautiful Pharmacy, one of the oldest in the world that still retains the original furnishings and a very respectable herbal and cosmetics tradition.
Officina Profumo Farmaceutica Santa Maria Novella, Via della Scala 16 - 50123 Firenze
Not just good:
Parents know very well that rose honey is very useful during dentition. But few know that rose vinegar (obtained by marinating the petals in good quality vinegar for about 15 days), in addition to being used in food, is a particularly beneficial tonic for very oily skin. While rose oil, besides stimulating circulation and having a relaxing and antidepressant action (10 drops in a hot tub), when mixed with a good face or body cream has a powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkle action and prevents stretch marks. For a quick and delicate skin peeling treatment, instead, just mix rose water with some sugar and honey and massage your face. Finally, some advice for men: it appears to be scientifically proven that prolonged exposure to the scent of roses has a positive effect on female hormones – so, pay a visit to the florist a bit more often!
(15 maggio 2012) © Riproduzione riservata | <urn:uuid:4d05fe35-329c-496e-8e5d-0381daad67b0> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://d.repubblica.it/english/2012/05/15/news/italy_food_recipe_roses-1016488/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368708766848/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125246-00018-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.904244 | 696 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Swedish riots: how welfarism creates outsiders
Blaming marketisation for the riots is way too simplistic. It was welfarism that copperfastened poor people’s exclusion from society.
|Monday 3 June 2013|
Sweden’s ‘foreign’ youth: imprisoned by culture
In supposedly 'model' Sweden, multicultural policies have led to the kids of immigrants being excluded from the mainstream.
|Monday 3 June 2013|
The real scandal of the House of Lords
The latest lobbying and lords scandal shows that the upper chamber doesn't need reform – it needs abolition.
|Tuesday 16 April 2013|
Time to abolish the psychiatric ASBO
Placing state-backed constraints on ex-mental patients is a flagrant violation of their autonomy.
|Wednesday 6 February 2013|
The state agencies undermining agency
New UK safeguarding legislation is set to make it easier still for the authorities to enter people’s homes.
|Wednesday 28 November 2012|
Don’t wish Beveridge a happy birthday
On the 70th anniversary of the publication of the Beveridge Report, it’s time radicals addressed the devastating social costs of welfarism.
|Monday 30 April 2012|
We don’t want to be ‘empowered’, thanks
The fad for empowerment in social work and politics is really about making people comply with state diktat.
|Monday 26 March 2012|
‘People don’t just want to watch Jeremy Kyle’
A WORLDbytes film crew found Londoners in a supposed far-right stronghold took an intelligent approach to welfare.
|Tuesday 1 November 2011|
Why feel charitable towards charities?
Charities in the UK have become far too dependent on state funding, at the cost of their independence.
|Wednesday 27 July 2011|
From working class to incapacitated class
How radical activists shifted from viewing the working classes as powerful to pitying them as pathetic.
|Monday 26 July 2010|
A Big Society with small ambitions
The jury is out on whether David Cameron’s flagship initiative will really reduce the role of the state in our lives.
|Tuesday 22 June 2010|
Sure Start: a fancy new way to police the family
Sure Start’s main achievement has been to transform the social problem of child poverty into an individual problem of poor parenting.
|Wednesday 5 May 2010|
Public health and the obsession with behaviour
ESSAY: Recent thinking on health policy has been driven by two myths: that bad health is caused by bad habits, and that government can promote good health by changing our behaviour.
|Wednesday 28 April 2010|
Turning parents into ‘partners of the state’
ELECTION ESSAY: Thanks to New Labour, the family is no longer seen as a haven in a heartless world, but as a site of all sorts of abuse.
|Wednesday 21 April 2010|
What’s so great about the welfare state?
ESSAY: The origins of state welfare were far from progressive, and in its new therapeutic form it is actually a barrier to human solidarity.
|Tuesday 23 March 2010|
Turning immigration into a tool of social engineering
ELECTION ESSAY: The elite now expresses its snobbery and authoritarianism by being ‘pro-immigration’ rather than anti-immigration.
|Tuesday 16 March 2010|
Education: you can’t buy and sell intellectual capital
ELECTION ESSAY: Frank Furedi explains why the mighty mess Labour made of education won’t be fixed by privatisation or parental pressure.
|Thursday 19 November 2009|
Welfare: how help becomes a hindrance
With the shift of emphasis from welfare to wellbeing, the state reinforces the sense that we are unable to cope with life.
|Thursday 27 August 2009|
You say underclass, we say white trash
Chris Grayling’s comparison of Moss Side with The Wire was silly, but his critics have vilified the working class, too.
|Tuesday 21 July 2009|
Scanning hoodies’ brains: eugenics by the back door?
Is children’s charity Kids Company really planning to send a mobile scanner to examine tearaways’ brains? Yes and no, says the charity’s founder. | <urn:uuid:c4b901d6-ba1e-4a19-babe-30e71a7b11e9> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.spiked-online.com/index.php?/site/issues/C227/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709037764/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125717-00028-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934242 | 906 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Gravity controversy! Fecal news! Fatty cake brain! Shady brainy babies! Lottery science magic! Shirts, singing! Who knows what secrets the universe holds? The Tuesday Science Watch does! Because we watch your science—clad in pop tune follicles!
- Gravity is just an illusion. Yea right.
- This story is ostensibly about microbes, but do you know what it's really about? "Fecal transplantation." Of course you're quite familiar with that already.
- When a regular person sees a picture of cake, their brain is like "Whatever, it's just a picture, so what." But when an obese person sees a picture of cake their brain is like "ZOMG GIMME THAT CAKE!" Which is pretty amusing, if you think about it.
- A new study shows that the evolution of baby brains as they grow exactly mirrors the evolution of human brains over time. Way back before agriculture, humans used to only like sucking things and pooping.
- "If whales could shout, they would." Well, that's your opinion.
- Joan Ginther of Bishop, Texas has hit the Texas lottery four separate times, winning a total of $21 million. The odds of that happening? One in 18 septillion. So how did she do it? If scientists knew that, they wouldn't have to listen to your stupid questions.
- Researchers at MIT have invented fibers that can hear sounds, and even sing. Making shirts more talented than Real Housewives. You've been a great crowd! Take em out, Kev! | <urn:uuid:9d3f05f2-fac2-4d8b-8781-b642dd456900> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://gawker.com/5586164/gravity-is-fake-but-cake-is-all-too-real | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368702448584/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516110728-00023-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952752 | 329 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Dental amalgam is a combination of one part liquid mercury with one part of a metallic alloy which mainly contains silver and tin. It has been used for over 150 years to restore decayed teeth, and its use has stirred controversy from the earliest days. To make the amalgam, mercury is mixed with the other metals to form a paste that can be fitted to the tooth cavity. The mixture sets relatively fast to form a hard alloy.
At the time of the introduction of amalgam into dentistry, gold could be used in some types of dental restorations, but its cost prohibited widespread use. In the 19th Century, there were no other synthetic materials that had both the required mechanical properties and the ease of placement. As a metallic alloy, amalgam did not look particularly good, but the increasing prevalence of dental caries at the time meant that this was a minor consideration. The even more profound increase in caries throughout the twentieth century, through the widespread use of refined sugars in foodstuffs, resulted in the increased use of dental amalgam fillings.
Although dental amalgam is extremely strong and durable and may still be considered a material of choice for some fillings in the back teeth, it has some drawbacks:
- It is not tooth-coloured so it is very visible, even more so in front teeth.
- It does not adhere to the surface of the tooth cavity, so dentists have to drill out relatively large holes in the teeth to securely fasten the filling.
- It contains mercury that is toxic in some forms. There is concern that mercury could be released during placement, normal corrosion and wear, and removal of a filling, and that it could lead not only to local effects in the mouth but also to effects in the body as a whole, for instance on the nervous system.
In recent years, alternative tooth-coloured materials have been developed for dental restorations and are increasingly used across the EU. These include composite materials, glass ionomer cements and a variety of hybrid structures.
This report considers whether mercury and the other components of amalgams and alternative restorative materials are safe for dental patients and workers. These alternatives include any chemicals used for the adhesion of the filling materials to the tooth and any light sources used to harden the material. The whole life-cycle of the restoration is taken into account: from manufacture, through placement, to degradation or wear in use and removal.
The report also assesses the exposure of the general population to mercury from dental amalgams released into the environment for instance through wastewater from dental offices (when fillings are placed or removed), and emissions into air from crematoria. Similar considerations on effects on the environment and indirect effects on humans are made for alternative materials although there is much less information available on these.
The toxicity of mercury has been extensively researched and there is a wide variety of scientifically-based sources of information on its health effects. However, some of the alternative materials are relatively new and little is known about their safety. More... | <urn:uuid:2d705748-bb6c-481d-b68c-c3aaf3e2ae99> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://copublications.greenfacts.org/en/dental-amalgam/l-2/1-tooth-fillings.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368710006682/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516131326-00025-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960623 | 617 | 3.640625 | 4 |
Malloy Fears Storm Could Knock Out Power Again
A week after Hurricane Sandy pummeled Connecticut’s shoreline, a nor’easter that could bring wind gusts up to 70 mph and carries the potential for coastal flooding, is on its way.
Gov. Dannel P. Malloy said the emergency operations center to remain open.
“We’re concerned that this is more than a small storm and perhaps substantially less than a great storm,” Malloy said.
However, Sandy brought changes to the shoreline and predicting who is going to get flooding is even more difficult than it was just seven days ago, Malloy said Monday evening during a briefing outside his Capitol office.
Power has been restored to many of the 630,000 Connecticut customers that lost it last Monday evening.
United Illuminating, which services 17 towns near the shore, is reporting only 5,768 customers are without power Monday evening and Connecticut Light & Power, which services 149 cities and towns, still has about 16,685 customers without power.
The town with the highest number of outages Monday evening was Greenwich with 4,512 customers still in the dark or using generators.
Malloy said he’s happy the number of residents without power is down, but he would like to see power restored to the nearly 25,000 customers in the dark.
Because more than 10 percent of the customers for both utilities were without power for days there will be a full review of their performance done by the Public Utility Regulatory Authority.
“This storm has the potential of knocking people back out of power and that’s one of our great concerns,” Malloy said.
Meanwhile, Malloy encouraged residents to register with FEMA if their home or business was damaged. Only 3,800 residents have registered with FEMA for assistance.
“FEMA has already allocated more than $1 million to residents. I want to urge any individuals or businesses who have suffered losses or damages as a result of Storm Sandy to visit a center and work with the staff there to review the benefits they are entitled to,” Malloy said.
To make it easier mobile disaster centers opened in Milford, Guilford, and Stonington Monday. Centers were opened last week in Bridgeport, Greenwich, Groton, New Haven, and Old Saybrook.
Be the first to comment | <urn:uuid:d5bd406c-b75f-4ee9-b509-3f0f720f46d4> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.ctnewsjunkie.com/ctnj.php/archives/entry/malloy_fears_storm_could_knock_people_back_out_of_power/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697380733/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516094300-00072-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969549 | 491 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Then the real work begins.
The premise is simple: ride 15,000 miles south from the Arctic Circle to the bottom of the Western Hemisphere on motorized bicycles. Along the way, Adams and his riding partner, Matt Riley, aim to raise awareness about a lack of clean drinking water in developing countries.
Setting out on a pan-American journey in October is not ideal; a good portion of the seven- to nine-month trip will be in freezing temperatures. But Adams, 28, is done waiting.
In February 2011, he was hit by a car on Jackson Road during a training ride. The accident tore nine ligaments in his right knee and destroyed his test bike. Surgery and intense therapy sidelined the trip for months.
Adams said Tuesday that his knee is working at about 80 percent capacity and protected by a brace, which is good enough for him and his doctor.
The downtime was spent perfecting the bikes, their trailers and the equipment that will keep them safe and warm throughout the trip. The result is a mountain bike frame with oversize tires powered by a four-
stroke engine that gets up to 200 miles per gallon. A Global Positioning System is mounted on the handlebars.
Sponsors have provided cold-weather gear and top-shelf equipment to document the trip.
Adams has charted as best he can what to expect along the journey. The first half along North America’s western shore carries the danger of hypothermia. On the plus side, Adams said, grizzly bears will be hibernating and there won’t be mosquitoes.
Mexico’s drug violence is another problem. There’s no getting around it, so Adams plans to push through the north of the country as fast as possible.
Last-minute preparations consume most of Adams’ time, but occasionally he stops and contemplates just how close he is to the edge of adventure. Fear and excitement are strong.
“It’s hard to process,” Adams said. | <urn:uuid:27fbb8e7-59fc-4742-ad31-f77fcef55d5a> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://chronicle.augusta.com/news/metro/2012-10-09/pan-american-bicycle-ride-starts-next-week | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699881956/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516102441-00070-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965182 | 414 | 2.203125 | 2 |
The Folk School has been making efforts to use native plants in our landscapes and there is a very interesting one in bloom right now at the Field House. Franklinia alatamaha, or the Franklin Tree, is a rare shrub or small tree of the Tea Family which was discovered in Georgia in the 1700′s by naturalists John and William Bartram. They brought specimen seeds and plants back to Philadelphia where it was propagated and named in honor of the Bartrams’ friend Benjamin Franklin. However, the Franklinia has never again been found in the wild (since 1803) and the remaining plants are descendants of the Bartrams’ collected specimens.
Franklinia has large striking flowers and the tree at the Field House is in full bloom this month. It was planted in a deep bed with good drainage adjoining the front parking area and it seems to be happy there. The Franklinia and the other native plants used in the Field House landscaping were supplied by friends of the Folk School Johnny and Pam Strawn of Hanging Dog Valley Nursery.
For more information on Franklinia, please see:
JCCFS Buildings and Grounds Manager
FUN FACT: In 1969 a set of four U.S. postal stamps was issued, each bearing a plant associated with one of the four regions of the country. Franklinia was chosen to represent the South (www.georgiaencyclopedia.org). | <urn:uuid:4a4e1325-eef8-4b58-a5ab-5a8a50982d38> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://blog.folkschool.org/2012/08/22/franklinia-blooming/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705953421/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120553-00040-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967678 | 290 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Big enough to contain over 176 Wembley Stadiums, the giant drawing by Jim Denevan is visible from 40,000 feet up in the sky.
Taking 15 days to complete, Mr Denevan and a team of three colleagues worked day and night on the stunning piece in May of this year, which has a diameter of just over three miles.
Containing more than 1000 individual circles, Mr Denevan, 48, built up the giant circle using a roll of chain fencing six feet across pulled by a truck round repeatedly to dig into the desert sand.
Based on a mathematical theorem called an Apollonian Gasket, the design is set around triples of circles at tangents to others.
"I set out to build the largest artwork in the world and I am extremely proud that I have managed to do this," said Jim from his Santa Cruz home.
"This individual piece is larger than the famous lines of Nazca in Peru and that is something that excites me.
"Me and my long time collaborator Caleb Cole have been planning this for over two years and it was a pleasure to complete it."
The largest lines etched into the sand of the drawing are 28 feet wide and almost three feet deep in places.
Using high tech GPS technology to organise their co-ordinates to create a perfect circle, the team braved the intense desert heat and night-time cold to construct their masterpiece.
"We began at what we termed our centre point and worked out diametrically from there," Mr Denevan said.
"We had to dig out each line four or five times to mould it into the sand. It was tough, tiring, but of course it was ultimately fun."
He has been creating beautiful sand art for the past 17 years and sees this piece as the next step in his ultimate plan to work with NASA to draw on the plains of Mars.
Mr Denevan discovered his talent for sand art when he idly picked up a stick and drew a 12ft long fish.
"In the future I would love to see if NASA would let me use their Mars rovers, so that I could attempt the first interplanetary artwork," explained Jim.
"That would be fun." | <urn:uuid:659e32a2-59b1-4e94-bd1e-93997fd8e629> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/6824326/Sand-drawing-the-worlds-largest-single-artwork.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697380733/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516094300-00033-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973696 | 457 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Have you ever wondered how your tooth is constructed and what all its component parts do? Here’s a look:
Enamel is the hardest substance in the body and gives each tooth the strength to bite through all of the food that we eat. Although enamel is extremely strong, it can easily be dissolved by the acids that plaque produce and the acids that are found naturally in many popular drinks.
Dentin is the layer right under the enamel. Although not as hard as enamel, it is about as hard as bone. Dentin also is flexible. For example, if you bite down on a very hard object, the dentin is able to flex a little bit and can keep your tooth from cracking like it might if teeth were just made of enamel.
The pulp is the inner-most layer of the tooth. The pulp provides nutrition to the tooth. It has been suggested that when the pulp is removed from a tooth, for example during root canal treatment, the tooth becomes more brittle and prone to breaking.
The pulp also provides the nerves to the tooth. Have you ever noticed that if you eat ice cream right after a hot meal your teeth don’t transmit a message of cold, they just transmit a message of pain? Interestingly, the only nerves that go to the brain from the tooth transmit pain. There is no temperature or pressure sensation in a tooth.
Cementum is a very thin layer that coats the roots of the teeth and attach the teeth to the peridontal ligament, which is connected to the bone.
The gums form a collar or sheath around the teeth that protects the underlying bone. When you stop brushing your teeth for an extended period of time, the gingiva become red and puffy. This is their method of defending against the plaque that has built up. If you completely stop brushing, the gingiva will eventually start to lose the war against plaque and “fall down” from around the teeth resulting in gum disease that can eventually make your teeth fall out!
The main function of the periodontal ligament is to attach the teeth to the bone. The peridontal ligament also sends sensory information to the brain. For example, if you are eating some popcorn and bite down hard on a popcorn kernel, your jaw suddenly opens to alleviate the pressure. The periodontal ligament sends that pressure signal to your brain, causing that reflex.
The tooth doesn’t feel the pressure since the tooth is only capable of sending pain messages to your brain.
The bone holds the whole tooth in its place. The bone is constantly remodeling itself in response to various forces it experiences in the mouth. For example, if you have braces on, there are forces pushing on the teeth. The bone remodels itself to help the tooth move to the position in which it is being pushed.
So, there you have it – complex yet simple at the same time. Certainly something you want to take care of and ensure last you a life time. And, we’re sure you can guess the best way you can do that – that’s right, regular dental visits and brushing and flossing regularly. | <urn:uuid:ec2c20ca-0a8b-4a3c-b6ad-64106ce3174d> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://mallofgeorgiadentistry.wordpress.com/2013/01/17/the-anatomy-of-a-tooth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705559639/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115919-00002-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953237 | 654 | 3.765625 | 4 |
One in 8 Indian adults either has or is at high-risk of diabetes. According to the IDF Diabetes Atlas 4th edition, India has the second highest number of people with diabetes at 5 crore (50 mn ) adults. In addition to this, 4 crore (40 mn ) Indians have impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), which means they are at high-risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. Some key diabetes facts underlining the serious impact of diabetes in India are:
Due to South Asian ethnicity, Indians are genetically predisposed to diabetes. Therefore, people with type 2 diabetes should not be blamed for their condition.Diabetes affects Indians a decade earlier than Europeans.
The prevalence of diabetes in urban areas is twice as high as rural areas.
Britannia Industries Limited, one of India’s leading food companies, has over the last 2 years demonstrated significant initiatives in the Health and Wellness space. Its work spans from creating products rich in nutrition to building awareness and advocacy for Healthy Living by touching themes such as Iron Fortification among children, and now, Diabetes Management in adult population.
Lifestyle management in Diabetes needs to cover regular physical activity, disciplined medication and a balanced diet that should also include Healthy Snacking. Experts say that a healthy snack in between meals can help in keeping blood sugar levels stable. Britannia’s interactions with consumers and experts suggested that there is no snack in the Indian market that is enjoyable, convenient and suitable for people with diabetes to include into their diet.
'Sugar free' is not enough. Besides helping cut sugar intake, a Diabetic Friendly snack must also ensure that it does not create extreme swings in blood sugar levels. It is against this urgent need that Britannia has created NutriChoice Diabetic Friendly Essentials, the First Ever ‘Diabetic Friendly’ snack in India to meet the nutrition and taste needs of a person with diabetes, providing enjoyment of diet, feeling of satisfaction and feeling active for longer.
Says Vinita Bali, Managing Director, Britannia Industries Ltd., “NutriChoice is our flagship Health Brand and has launched several innovative products like Hi Fibre biscuits and 5 Grain biscuits to meet the health and lifestyle needs of emerging India.
Diabetes is posing a serious lifestyle challenge needing immediate attention and NutriChoice is committed to building awareness for diabetes prevention & management, and creating expert products than can be included in the lifestyle of a person with diabetes. We are looking forward to have the Britannia NutriChoice Diabetic Friendly Essentials range put back the enjoyment of eating into the lives of diabetics.”
Britannia NutriChoice ‘Diabetic Friendly’ Essentials – Key Facts:
Zero added Sugar – High Sugar is an important risk factor in diabetes. These products contain no added sugar.
Zero Cholesterol – A person with diabetes is more likely to have cholesterol abnormalities that can lead to cardiovascular diseases. These products contain 0% cholesterol.
Zero Trans Fat – Trans Fats tend to raise the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This range contains 0% Trans Fat and has at least 25% reduced fat compared to most other available cookies/snacks.
Extra Dietary Fibers – The products contain a unique blend of soluble and insoluble fibers that are reported to delay glucose absorption and prevent extreme swings in blood sugar levels.
Complex Carbohydrates – Considered healthier because they are digested by the body slowly, providing a steady source of energy. Oats and Ragi contain Complex Carbohydrates.
The NutriChoice ‘Diabetic Friendly’ Essentials range has been introduced in 2 variants – Oats Cookies and Ragi Cookies in 2 pack sizes priced at Rs. 25/- and Rs. 50/- respectively.
“There is mounting evidence showing that diabetes and its complications are threatening India’s economic progress and development. The World Health Organization predicts diabetes and cardiovascular disease will drain the Indian economy of Rs. 100,000 crores (USD 23 bn) each year in lost national income by 2015,” says Dr. Shaukat Sadikot, President – Diabetes India and Vice President – International Diabetes Federation. He adds, “Diabetes is no longer merely a condition that usually affects only the rich and elderly.
Due to sedentary lifestyles, mass urbanization and changing diets, diabetes is affecting people at a younger age. Additionally, Diabetes is also considered to be at the centre of the metabolic syndrome that encompasses other disorders such as Obesity, Cardiovascular Health and Hypertension.” Dr. Sadikot points out that a few simple lifestyle practices can help in diabetes prevention.
For example, if one’s waist size in more than 90 cm, the person is 5 times at risk of contracting diabetes and must get hielf checked at once. Similarly, if the family has a person with diabetes, the other adults in the household are likely to be predisposed to the condition and must get checked for blood sugar levels.
Along with the launch of the Britannia NutriChoice ‘Diabetic Friendly’ Essentials range to coincide with World Diabetes Day on November 14th, Britannia is also undertaking significant awareness building about diabetes management.
“Britannia NutriChoice wants to educate people that diabetes is a complex problem but the solutions and lifestyle choices are not difficult to adopt,” says . Anuradha Narasimhan – Category Director, Health and Wellness, Britannia Industries Ltd. NutriChoice is proud to partner with the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government in India, in its effort to build awareness around Diabetes as part of the Diabetes Blue Fortnight program.
In a unique initiative, NutriChoice is exclusively powering the Blue Monument Lighting Challenge where several monuments around the country will be lit in Blue to raise salience for the issue of diabetes. Blue is the color of the Blue Circle – the global symbol of diabetes.
This activity is extremely popular across the world and unique because it brings citizens and organizations crusading for diabetes awareness together. Says, . Narasimhan, “Britannia is very happy to bring this initiative to India for the very first time. This year’s program includes renowned monuments like the Akhshardham Temple and the Lotus Temple in Delhi. Approximately 25 monuments/renowned buildings will go Blue on the evening of 13th November.” | <urn:uuid:46851d92-0ced-48b3-b07b-deb03e923a8c> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.indiainfoline.com/Markets/News/Britannia-launches-NutriChoice-Diabetic-Friendly-Essentials/4990827534 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696383156/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092623-00007-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929139 | 1,307 | 2.625 | 3 |
The federal government long ago expanded its powers far beyond anything James Madison and his fellow framers imagined. The Constitution is in reality meaningless, but the Supreme Court, whose purpose is to make sure our laws conform to the Constitution, twists its reasoning to justify interventionist laws as the mixed economy marches toward fascism.
Yesterday the court upheld Obamacare as a tax increase, and sure enough, Congress has the power to levy taxes. It’s right there in the Constitution; you can see for yourself.
You can’t expect the Supreme Court to save America from continuing down the road to serfdom. Not only is our culture moving that way, but the Court would have to rule against its own precedents such as Wickard v. Filburn, which stretched the Commerce Clause to cover any economic activity that affects interstate commerce. It would take five remarkable Justices to defy the rest of government, academia, the media and the nihilist postmodern philosophy or our culture — and apparently, the Court has only four such men.
The idea of being limited by the words of an 18th century document makes people like Barack Obama and Nancy Pelosi laugh. To them providing for the general welfare means whatever the state thinks is good for you. And their intentions are good; all they want to do is give us all free health care. Any further argument is just politics and legalistic quibbling.
Do you think the word “fascism” is hyperbolic? The “tax” in Obamacare will be payments to health insurance companies. If fascism is the form of socialism in which private property is kept nominally in private ownership but dictated by the state, then Obamacare is something Mussolini would have loved.
I believe the Affordable Care Act has been deceptive from the beginning. The purpose of Obamacare is to create a mess. What will happen when insurance companies must cover people with pre-existing conditions? They will lose money, and then they will go to the government for subsidies in order to remain in business. Eventually, the statists will argue that health care would be cheaper to the taxpayers if the federal government eliminated the middle man and managed it on the European model. (Yes, that model that is now in economic crisis.)
I think they will succeed. If there is one thing I am confident our government can create, it’s a mess. You must remember, Obama does not work on the old model — that of getting practical results and spreading prosperity. He doesn’t care if his policies work. He only wants the strong to sacrifice to the weak and the individual to sacrifice to the collective. To leftists this is good and all else is evil, even if evil is more practical.
The Supreme Court cannot save freedom in America. Can anyone? Is there any hope? We need cultural change, which means the spread of reason, individualism and free market economics, which means the philosophy of Ayn Rand. A nation gets the government it deserves. | <urn:uuid:dc4fa0cf-1a53-4596-b6ed-bc4d6021e2b7> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://myrhaf.blogspot.com/2012/06/march-of-fascism.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368701852492/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516105732-00038-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966994 | 606 | 1.679688 | 2 |
What Those Funny Old Smoking Ads Really Show
Hey, if my doc smokes 'em...
It’s easy to laugh at cigarette ads from the golden age of American smoking—say, from the flapper–ish 1920s through the cool Mad Menera of the early sixties. The images of doctors and “scientists” reassuring smokers seems to hail from a naive, optimistic time when a pack-a-day habit’s worst consequence was an irritated throat.
But the real message is a bit different, according to Robert N. Proctor, PhD, a Stanford University history of medicine professor who is writing a book, titled The Golden Holocaust, about the global health costs of tobacco. The persistence of cigarette ads with health claims reflected a widespread, though low-level, public concern that tobacco was, in fact, doing harm. | <urn:uuid:a7286fc2-f8de-4000-9b18-ab231a215c7b> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20307049_1,00.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697974692/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095254-00024-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927276 | 175 | 2.109375 | 2 |
NJIT and Building Media Inc. (BMI), a DuPont subsidiary, will lead one of 15 research and deployment partnerships to help dramatically improve the energy efficiency of American homes ─ the Building America Retrofit Alliance (BARA). The 15 teams, appointed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), will receive a total of up to $30 million for the initial 18 months to deliver innovative energy efficiency strategies to the residential market and address barriers to bringing high-efficiency homes within reach of all Americans. Each team will receive between $500,000 and $2.5 million depending on performance.
Deane Evans, executive director of the NJIT Center for Building Knowledge, will lead the project at NJIT. His Center has been exploring innovative ways to improve the energy performance of existing homes for the last five years. Projects have ranged from providing research-based technical support to the first LEED Platinum gut rehab project in New Jersey to creating the first national, online training program devoted exclusively to green affordable housing.
“We’re excited to have the opportunity to add our experience to the Building America program, and we look forward to helping Building America raise the energy efficiency bar across the country as part of the BARA team,” said Evans.
The BARA team will focus on innovative market delivery strategies to improve energy efficiency in the nation's existing homes across the United States. This team has unique capabilities in the areas of training and outreach. Additional team members include Steve Easley and Associates, Confluence Communications, Louisiana State University, Enterprise Community Partners, Institute for Business and Home Safety, Hancock Software, and DuPont and BMI, among others.
"Home energy efficiency is one of the easiest, most immediate and most cost-effective ways to reduce carbon pollution and save money on energy bills, while creating new jobs," said Secretary of Energy Steven Chu. "By developing and using tools to reduce residential energy use, we will spur economic growth here in America and help homeowners make cost-cutting improvements in their homes."
Building America is an industry-driven research program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, designed to accelerate the development and adoption of advanced building energy technologies in new and existing homes. More information is available at www.buildingamerica.gov. | <urn:uuid:2d2eb9dc-b953-4221-9254-5be742e54dc7> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.njit.edu/news/2010/2010-284.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00050-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924775 | 466 | 1.710938 | 2 |
[ILUG] secure DNS...
jm at jmason.org
Wed Nov 22 12:36:36 GMT 2000
James Raftery said:
> DNSSEC is stuck with the public-key crypto. problem -- ensuring
> authenticity of public keys. The DNSSEC solution is to have your DNS
> parent use their key to sign your key.
> Then, of course, you're into the problem of establishing trust in the
> supposed IE key that signed the online.ie key. The IE key needs to be
> signed by the root key. Since the root has no parent, how does one
> establish trust in its key? Current proposal is the have the root key
> installed with all nameserver software as a defacto trusted-key. Or to
> put it another way, the root zone key is a massive single point of
> failure. If it were ever to be compromised all bets are off.
PKI really is a bit of a disaster alright on the internet. It works OK
when you can mandate a policy across an organisation, such as 1 company,
but on the net at large it's a shambles -- unless you have the power to
force everyone to use your rules (like Netscape did, to invent the SSL CA
> The standard solution to prevent that kind of messing is to rollover
> keys periodically. How in hell would that work? That'd be sheer chaos.
> The only thing worse would be in the event of an unplanned rollover (say
> in the case of a compromise). There is no mechanism to systematically
> 'revoke' a DNSSEC key. Folks would go on trusting a broken key while
> others are desperatley scrambling to get the new root key through some
> out-of-band trusted source.
Sounds a bit like SSL and the ongoing upgrade-browser-to-get-new-keys
fiasco. At least with web browsers, all you get with an expired key is a
"cannot verify authenticity" warning dialog...
Oh ghod -- now that merger between Verisign and Nyetwork Solutions makes
perfect, if nightmarishly horrible, sense. And only ICANN can save us
from yet another Verisign "internet tax" on our certificates to sign our
DNS zones.... and we all know how competent ICANN are (did I hear someone
Justin Mason Work: http://www.netnoteinc.com/ <jm at netnoteinc.com>
Personal: http://jmason.org/ <jm at jmason.org>
"It's true that some sharks get cancer. I said this in my book."
-- William Lane, author of _Sharks Don't Get Cancer_
More information about the ILUG | <urn:uuid:c2be0824-f7dc-4388-b0ee-6df13b246fcf> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://mail.linux.ie/pipermail/ilug/2000-November/025624.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703298047/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112138-00055-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917167 | 595 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Term of the Week: SALT
The SALT (Speech Application Language Tags) specification pairs speech with HTML, XHTML, and XML. The specification boasts a 70-member consortium of backers including industry heavyweights Microsoft, Cisco, and Intel. The group submitted SALT 1.0 to the W3C. SALT is not a W3C standard, though. SALT was submitted to the W3C's Voice Browser working group, which will consider it as a part of the next VoiceXML standard. This article will touch on the SALT/VoiceXML relationship again near the end.
Because SALT is implemented at the HTML, XHTML, and XML level, it shields developers from some of the complexity of working with individual vendor speech APIs. Both users and developers benefit from SALT's ability to add speech capability for a multitude of devices—traditional PCs as well as telephones, PDAs, and other devices.
SALT actually goes beyond just the "speech" part of its name, though. The SALT specification includes "multi-modal" access, which means the user can access the application through a variety of input methods. Speech is the obvious one, but SALT also provides support for telephone keypads and for mixed mode input where a user can switch between typing or pointing for input and providing input via speech. For output, a SALT application can provide multiple output types as well including traditional text and graphics, synthesized speech, and audio. The application should detect the proper output type for the user client device and respond accordingly.
Processing SALT applications is done differently depending on the type of client platform. For example, when a user accesses a SALT-enabled Web page from a PC, the PC will provide the processing horsepower to take the speech input and turn it into input for the server. Likewise, the PC will render any text-to-speech audio output. On the other hand, SALT access from a processorless device such as a telephone depends on a SALT-enabled server for the user to call into. In that scenario, the server processes the user speech into commands and the audio output is rendered server-side as well.
With Microsoft backing, SALT is of course a part of the .NET Framework for Microsoft developers. Microsoft has a speech SDK (it is still in beta at this time) for .NET developers, which uses SALT. Developers should be familiar with ASP.NET before attempting to work with SALT.
In a sense, SALT is a competitor to the VoiceXML standard for speech applications. However, SALT does incorporate some VoiceXML and the related W3C standards SRGS (Speech Recognition Grammar Specification) and SSML (Speech Synthesis Markup Language), so the two are not completely separate items.
SALT will probably appeal more to Microsoft developers and other developers coming in to speech from a Web development background. Experienced Web developers will understand the SALT development model because it uses the event-model most Web applications are built on.
VoiceXML could be more appealing to developers with a background in traditional telephony or IVR (Interactive Voice Response) applications. VoiceXML could also be more appealing where the application has a very strict flow definition, like the ones you would find traditionally serviced well by an IVR application. VoiceXML is a larger standard because it is a complete standalone markup specification where SALT depends more on existing functionality handled by other Web application specifications. VoiceXML also has the advantage of being a more widely supported standard, with more than 250 companies involved in the VoiceXML Forum. VoiceXML is a more mature standard as well, now in a ratified version 2.0 with the original specification dating back five years to 1999. However, SALT supporters point out that VoiceXML's maturity can also be a SALT advantage. VoiceXML has roots in an earlier Web era where SALT is based in more modern Web development architecture.
For further reading, Hitesh Seth has a series of five SALT articles on Developer.com, starting with an introduction SALT: By Example, which quickly dives into some SALT code.
For further reference see:
Jim Minatel is a freelance writer for Developer.com in addition to working with Wiley and WROX publishing. | <urn:uuid:40aaa4a1-0bc0-445c-92e2-e30a8f13684b> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.developer.com/xml/article.php/3363501/Term-of-the-Week-SALT.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705195219/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115315-00038-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924796 | 893 | 2.59375 | 3 |
[Home] [Puzzles & Projects] [Delphi Techniques] [Math Topics] [Library] [Utilities]
Expand Cards 1 program to add graphic card images.
Background and Techniques
I worked hard this week to try to find a way to use Cards.DLL, the card image dll (dynamic link library) module that comes with windows. I learned, however, that there are 16 bit (Win 95, 98, ME) and 32 bit versions (Windows NT and 2000) of Cards.DLL and worse - both versions have the same name. Accessing 16-bit code from Delphi is non-standard, although I think it can be done. And Microsoft does not grant permission to distribute either. I finally decided to use a nice freeware TCard component written by Guilio Ferrari. (See U_CardComponent header comments for credits.) The card images look very similar to those used in Windows games.
I renamed the unit to U_CardComponent and moved my TDeck object over there, just to keep the card and deck objects in a common unit. The resource file containing the card images (U_CardComponent.res) is 500K bytes long but compresses nicely to about 37K. As in other freeware components, I have commented out the Register procedure which is required to install the component as a visual component, we'll just create cards as we need them.
Since TCard has a property to specify the card back pattern to display, I added a unit (U_Select) to select the card backs to use for the deck. It displays all of the available choices and exits when you select one.
I also added a couple of features to the main unit (U_Cards2). In addition to the Shuffle and Deal buttons, you can now drag cards around the screen with the mouse and turn cards over by right clicking. Not very useful by themselves, but will probably come in handy in implementing games. Also notice the "wiggle" in the deck image when you click on the shuffle button.
There are close to 500 lines of code here (although I must thank Mr. Ferrari for a couple of hundred of them). According to my size criteria, that puts it in the advanced category - but there really is nothing too complex going on here - just a lot of details.
Running/Exploring the Program
Suggestions for Further ExplorationsCard games, here we come!
Copyright © 2000-2013, Gary Darby
All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:1400c2d5-b7ce-4938-80ed-75d268f9b9c5> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://delphiforfun.org/Programs/Library/cards2.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709037764/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125717-00050-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925395 | 521 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Narrator: This is Science Today. Imagine a surgical future without stitches or scarring? Well, researcher Luiz Da Silva of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory says such an idea has been in the works a while.
Da Silva: It's kind of the vision we all have. You walk into the emergency room with a big cut, the doctor pulls out a magic wand, waves it over the cut and you walk away healed.
Narrator: The magic wand would be a laser which would seal tissues together with a strong solder made of human proteins.
Da Silva: The consistency is like egg white. It does a better mating of the two surfaces - that's important in the whole healing and welding process. The solder just basically acts, we hope, for a week or two weeks, eventually the body takes over and starts to really put in the correct bonding and welding.
Narrator: The main problem now is the strength of the solder, which Da Silva is working to improve.
Da Silva: Until it's 100 percent and has comparable strength to sutures, there's going to be a real barrier to getting it into the clinical.
Narrator: Once that barrier is overcome, Da Silva says the potential market is huge. For Science Today, I'm Larissa Branin. | <urn:uuid:8a56824d-bfc3-414a-9bad-2bb95a964904> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.ucop.edu/sciencetoday/article/417 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697380733/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516094300-00059-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952852 | 264 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Glancing Backward, 6/28/12
Today is Thursday, June 28, the 180th day of 2012. There are 186 days left in the year.
Today's Highlights in History:
On June 28, 1712, philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, one of the most influential thinkers of the 18th century Enlightenment, was born in Geneva.
Glancing Backward Locally:
50 years ago - 1962
Advert: Today at Boyle's, ladies sleeveless blouses, 79-cents.
In Bradford County, home ownership has been on the rise and is now at a high level according to recent findings. They show that 74.3 percent of all dwelling units in use in Bradford County are owned by their occupants, compared with 61.9 percent in the United States.
The State Game Commission has allotted to Bradford County 3,600 licenses for the special antlerless deer hunting set for Dec. 17.
75 years ago - 1937
The first annual meeting of the Monroeton-Towanda Tennis Club was held yesterday, officers being elected and plans made for the coming season. Dick Rice of Monroeton was elected president.
The annual Old Folks Day was held over the weekend with 50 seniors registered. The oldest man present was Bernard Cranmer, 99, of Monroeton. The oldest woman present was Mrs. Sophia Carnochan of Troy who is 95 years old.
After defeating the Rome baseball team in a County League game at Rome recently by the score of 4-2, the Towanda team yesterday conquered the Morris All-Stars on the East Side grounds yesterday to the tune of 20-3.
Elsewhere on this date:
In 1778, the Revolutionary War Battle of Monmouth took place in New Jersey; it was from this battle that the legend of "Molly Pitcher" arose.
In 1836, the fourth president of the United States, James Madison, died in Montpelier, Va.
In 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Sophie, were assassinated in Sarajevo by Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip - the event which sparked World War I.
In 1919, the Treaty of Versailles was signed in France, ending the First World War. In Independence, Mo., future president Harry S. Truman married Elizabeth Virginia Wallace.
In 1922, the Irish Civil War began between rival nationalists over the Anglo-Irish Treaty establishing the Irish Free State. (The conflict lasted nearly a year, resulting in defeat for anti-treaty forces.)
In 1939, Pan American Airways began regular trans-Atlantic air service with a flight that departed New York for Marseilles, France.
In 1944, the Republican national convention in Chicago nominated New York Gov. Thomas E. Dewey for president and Ohio Gov. John W. Bricker for vice president.
In 1950, North Korean forces captured Seoul, the capital of South Korea.
In 1962, a jury in New York awarded $3.5 million to former radio-TV personality John Henry Faulk in his libel suit against the group AWARE Inc. and two individuals who'd accused him of Communist sympathies and gotten him blacklisted.
In 1978, the Supreme Court ordered the University of California-Davis Medical School to admit Allan Bakke, a white man who argued he'd been a victim of reverse racial discrimination.
In 1981, a bomb exploded at the Tehran headquarters of Iran's ruling Islamic Republic Party, killing 74 people, including Iran's chief judge, Ayatollah Mohammad Beheshti.
In 2000, seven months after he was cast adrift in the Florida Straits, Elian Gonzalez was returned to his native Cuba.
Today's Birthdays: Comedian-movie director Mel Brooks is 86. Senate Armed Services Chairman Carl Levin, D-Mich., is 78. Comedian-impressionist John Byner is 75. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta is 74. Rock musician Dave Knights is 67. Actor Bruce Davison is 66. Actress Kathy Bates is 64. Actress Alice Krige is 58. College and Pro Football Hall of Famer John Elway is 52. Record company chief executive Tony Mercedes is 50. Actress Jessica Hecht is 47. Rock musician Saul Davies is 47. Actress Mary Stuart Masterson is 46. Actor John Cusack is 46. Actor Gil Bellows is 45. Actress-singer Danielle Brisebois is 43. Jazz musician Jimmy Sommers is 43. Actress Tichina Arnold is 43. Actor Alessandro Nivola is 40. Actress Camille Guaty is 36. Rock musician Tim Nordwind is 36. Rock musician Mark Stoermer is 35. Country singer Big Vinny Hickerson is 29. Country singer Kellie Pickler is 26.
Thought for Today: "Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains. One thinks himself the master of others, and still remains a greater slave than they." - Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778). | <urn:uuid:bc2fe8cd-03ab-40f1-b525-d17fd021f110> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://thedailyreview.com/news/glancing-backward/glancing-backward-6-28-12-1.1335708 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698924319/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516100844-00039-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94948 | 1,035 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, and much of South America. It has been introduced to tropical regions around the world, such as Southeast Asia and Hawaii. It is a creeping vine like other members of the genus, and yields an edible fruit. The specific epithet, foetida, means "stinking" in Latin and refers to the strong aroma emitted by damaged foliage.
The stems are thin and wiry, covered with minute sticky yellow hairs. Older stems become woody. The leaves are three- to five-lobed and viscid-hairy. When crushed, these leaves give off a pungent odor that some people consider unpleasant. The flowers are white to pale cream coloured, about 5–6 cm diameter. The fruit is globose, 2–3 cm diameter, yellowish-orange to red when ripe, and has numerous black seeds embedded in the pulp; the fruit are eaten and the seeds dispersed by birds. | <urn:uuid:4423691f-0d4a-4785-87bf-3a8886607312> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.pictureworldbd.com/Flower/passiflora-foetida-flower-picture.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368711005985/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516133005-00009-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958623 | 193 | 3.515625 | 4 |
This hanging purple box found in Martinak State Park is one of many on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. These boxes are aimed to trap the Emerald Ash Borer, an invasive beetle known to destroy millions of trees. Over the past month or so, state officials have installed these purple traps to prevent tree damage and monitor the expansion of the invasive species.
Martinak State is a great public park, located on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, in the rural town of Denton. There are over 3 miles of hiking trails that wander through the par, including a self-guided nature trail and an activity trail. The Point Trail extends out to the junction of Watts Creek and the Choptank River, where visitors have the opportunity to see Ospreys, Great Blue Herons, and other waterfowl. The purple EAB trap shown was noticed while on the Point Trail.
I have seen more of these purple traps hanging from local trees recently. I originally thought that they may have been a preventative measure for tree fungus, silk worms, or something of the like. It wasn’t until my trip to Martinak earlier this week that I saw a small sign attached to the base of a tree with a trap that I really discovered exactly what these purple boxes were for.
An Emerald Ash Borer
is a metallic green colored, wood-boring beetle that is lethal to all North American ash trees. It spends most of its life as a larva under the bark of an ash tree. The bug most likely entered the U.S. through wooden shipping materials from Asia. Now, it’s moving swiftly across the county through firewood, ash long, and nursery production shipments. This beetle can kill an ash tree in 2 – 5 years.
The hanging box is a sticky trap that the United States Department of Agriculture officials and cooperators are using to identify where the invasive pest is located. The trap uses Manuka oil as an attractant to lure the beetles to it. The surface of the trap is coated with a sticky material which causes the Emermald Ash Borer to adhere to it. The traps will be hung in ash trees for up to 6 months.
Non-native organisms, like the emerald ash borer, are often more destructive in a new range because they do not have natural population controls such as parasites, predators, or diseases. Host plants, innocent of previous contact with an organism, have not had time to adapt and develop effective defenses against them.
You can help slow the spread of this devastating pest by surveying your own ash trees and not moving firewood from your home to other areas.
Check your ash trees for the following symptoms if you believe it may be infected:
- Distinct ‘D’ shaped exit holes in the bark
- ‘S’ shaped tunnels on the surface of the bark
- Sprout growth at the tree base
- Unusual activity by woodpeckers
- Die-back on the top third of the tree
- Vertical splits in the bark
If any of your trees have more than two of the above symptoms, send photos of your tree (up close and far away) to Paul.Chaloux@aphis.usda.gov.
Martinak State Park is hoping to prevent these beetles from taking over any more of their ash trees. It would be devastating to see a large amount of trees in the park destroyed by an invasive bug.
63 campsites are available for tent or trailer camping at the park, 30 of which feature electric hookups. Camping areas feature a central bathhouse with showers and toilet facilities. The park has several picnic areas with shaded sites, picnic tables, and grills. One pavilion is available and may be rented through the Statewide Reservation System (1-888-432-2267 for inquiries).
Martinak State Park
derives its name from Mr. George Martinak, who deeded the land to the state in 1961. Mr. Martinak wanted the location preserved as a recreational facility for those who enjoyed its natural beauty as he had. The park was opened to the public in 1964.
Have you seen any of these purple boxes hanging from trees in your neighborhood? I noticed one hanging from a tree on Route 589 right near the Route 90 overpass yesterday. Take some time to examine your trees and notify the Maryland Department of Agriculture
to take precautionary steps to prevent this beetle from destroying our trees.
Check out the gallery below for more photos from my recent trip to Martinak State Park: | <urn:uuid:073db204-ff2a-4062-a5af-37e9775fc573> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://shorebread.com/emerald-ash-borers-and-martinak-state-park/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696383156/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092623-00011-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951318 | 933 | 3 | 3 |
A cross between paint and dough, this delightful concoction is fun to squeeze out into puffy, colorful designs. As it dries, the salt in the dough crystallizes, leaving behind a glittering abstraction that, like a Rorschach inkblot, is open to interpretation. Here's how to make enough for 2 bottles.
In a mixing bowl, whisk together the water, flour, and salt (the dough will be just barely pourable).
Divide the dough between two bowls and stir a few drops of washable tempera paint into each. Pour the dough into squeeze bottles.
Protect your work surface, then have your artist create colorful designs on thick construction paper or card stock. Leave them flat to dry (drying times will vary depending on the dough's thickness). | <urn:uuid:5005d81d-2c2d-4750-b730-f361065d39c5> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://spoonful.com/crafts/drawing-dough | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368701459211/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516105059-00071-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925811 | 162 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Good Job, but It's All over
According to a Feb. 5 Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) poll, 59 percent of respondents said that public health officials did a “good” or “excellent” job in responding to the H1N1 crisis, and 54 percent said the right amount of attention was paid to the situation. Only 26 percent said that too much attention was paid, but a larger number—39 percent—characterized the public health response as “fair” or “poor.”
The report has also shown that the levels of fear and concern among Americans, whether ratcheted up in the fall by media or government statements, have dropped considerably.
Despite continued predictions from health officials of a potential wave of infection this spring, only 18 percent of respondents think there will be another outbreak within the next 12 months. Almost half, or 44 percent of respondents, believe that the outbreak is over.
The national poll, conducted from Jan. 20–24, also found that only 32 percent of respondents were concerned that they or a member of their immediate family would fall ill with H1N1. In a HSPH September poll, this number was 52 percent.
Too Much Hype?
The reaction to public health response on a global scale has been mixed. With rates of infection decreasing, some say that public health officials overreacted to the outbreak of H1N1. In January, a German epidemiologist accused the World Health Organization (WHO) of overstating the severity of the virus, raising panic among the public in order to boost pharmaceutical sales.
“In former times, ‘pandemic’ is understood as something very extraordinary dangerous and with high mortality, high morbidity,” said Wodarg. “Now we just have a normal flu, and it’s called a pandemic.”
The criticisms from Wodarg and other epidemiologists brought about a Council of Europe investigation into WHO’s handling of the pandemic.
On Feb. 5, The New York Times health reporter Donald McNeil, sociologist Eric Klinenberg, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Glen Nowak discussed whether the media overstated the threat or helped contain the virus. The discussion was aired on NPR's “On the Media.”
Klinenberg said that some media reports may have been overly sensationalistic, and there were conflicting reports on the severity of the pandemic coming from American federal government agencies.
“What we saw initially in April and May of last year was a lot of hysterical and sensational coverage on cable television news and also on local television news,” said Klinenberg.
But the public health response to H1N1 was warranted according to McNeil. “[A]cting as if nothing happened here and it was all media hype, I think, is wrong,” he said. “Had it gone the other way, we'd have the, you know, government officials hanging from lampposts now for having failed to develop a vaccine.” | <urn:uuid:40875d2e-68a2-4024-a718-605d32413636> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://naccho.org/communications/blog/H1N1/Posts/feb12.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699881956/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516102441-00014-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968683 | 649 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Photos and VideosMore Photos and Videos
Gorilla Zola, two years old, gestures in the Leipzig zoo, central Germany, on Saturday, Sept. 18, 2010. (AP Photo/Jens Meyer)
It’s a tricky situation. Like humans, apes have blood types and can react disastrously to mismatched donor blood, but unlike humans, great apes aren’t routinely blood-typed, so finding a suitable donor is very difficult.
Until recently, zoo veterinarians approached transfusion medicine with good guesswork and crossed fingers, waiting until they had both the donor and recipient animals under general anesthesia to test whether they were a blood match.
But new research from the Lincoln Park Zoo might change the way clinicians approach ape transfusions.
Dr. Kathryn Gamble, director of veterinary services and Jill Moyse, assistant lead keeper, spearheaded a global effort to type the blood of great apes – chimpanzees, gorillas, bonobos and orangutans – in zoos and in situ facilities, where animals are managed in their country of origin.
Their research, published online in Zoo Biology in September, typed collected blood samples and assigned human ABO blood groups to more than 680 great apes.
"Our initial foray was very clinical," Gamble said. "We had transfusion questions and we wanted to know how to answer them."
Despite past medical research and scientific interest in human-ape similarities, Gamble said little exhaustive information exists about blood types in great apes. There has also been buzz, including an October "60 Minutes" episode, about the possibility of blood transfusions between humans and great apes.
Gamble said ape blood, although it can be typed and genotyped similarly to human A, B, AB and O blood groups, is neither identical to nor interchangeable with human blood. In particular, protein molecules on the surface of red blood cells, called antigens, are different in humans and apes and can be recognized by the immune system as being foreign or what scientists call non-self.
"You're looking at the pattern of the proteins that are coded by the chromosome," Gamble said. Non-self antigens can trigger the immune system to respond, potentially causing a range of complications, from hives to full anaphylaxis -- a severe, full-body allergic reaction that can lead to death.
Gamble said the lack of information about great ape blood was problematic.
"In both medicine and veterinary medicine, it’s very clear that transfusions are important, and good transfusion medicine is critical, yet here we are with all these fabulous animals and we don’t even know where to start."
One roadblock is that great ape blood collection generally requires the animal to be under anesthesia, which an invasive procedure generally conducted every couple of yearsfor a full physical. Few researchers are willing to sedate their zoo animals simply for a blood draw.
The beauty of this study, according to Lincoln Park Zoo Primate Curator Maureen Leahy, is that Moyse and Gamble thought ahead, collecting blood samples from animals that were sedated during routine physical exams.
"Getting access to blood has historically been the challenge," Leahy said, "but by working with zoos, sanctuaries and populations from the wild, we’re getting really phenomenal information in an opportunistic way."
Moyse said participating facilities, from the U.S. and Canada to Borneo and Africa, collected blood during scheduled exams over the last five years. Blood-typing cards were photographed or mailed back to the Lincoln Park Zoo, which now maintains the first ape informational “blood bank” in a huge red binder.
The zoo included data from their 21 apes – 11 gorillas and 10 chimps.
Moyse is taking collection a step further with Kwan, a 21-year-old silverback gorilla. Through a training process called operant conditioning, he is working toward giving blood "voluntarily" – while awake. As a young, healthy male, Kwan is a potential blood donor for other gorillas in need.
Dr. Pam Dennis, veterinary epidemiologist at the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, called the study cutting-edge.
"Anytime we need to do a transfusion, it’s when something is about to die and we need to save it," Dennis said. It’s an urgent process plagued by inefficiencies in figuring out which animals would be good donors.
"This study helps answer those questions ahead of time," she said, "which would be very valuable."
This research also could be applied to great ape species management. All great apes are part of the Species Survival Plan, a program developed by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums to manage and conserve select or endangered species.
Dennis pointed to using blood groups to inform breeding programs at zoos and in situ facilities, because species survival plans rely on maintaining genetic diversity in finite populations.
Another application, Gamble said, is avoiding maternal-fetal incompatibility in breeding attempts.
"Suddenly you have different reasons that blood types become important, so for great apes, because they’re very similar to humans, they have a special kind of placenta that allows the antibodies to potentially pass across during pregnancy."
If a mom is the wrong blood type and has antibodies to her infant’s blood antigens, immune reactions could result in a weak or stillborn infant.
Gamble, who has already received two calls from colleagues facing potential transfusion situations, said this research serves as an important jumping off point for further knowledge.
"It’s not, 'Oh my God, we have this -- now we can go and conquer the world,'" Gamble said. "But it’s still a very important tool that we now have."
This story originally appeared in Medill Reports, from Northwestern University. | <urn:uuid:68fe2adc-e6b4-4069-a4e3-2fdeabd63854> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/health/ape-blood-transfusion-lincoln-park-zoo-medill-111239054.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703298047/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112138-00008-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9465 | 1,215 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Aghas as Founders of the Nation
Altay Yiğit intended his little book, Eastern Black Sea Battles in the First World War, to be used in classrooms so that the children of the district would know local history. He had therefore conceived and constructed his story of the Battle for Of in an impeccable Kemalist format, the essential precondition for its adoption by a state school. The narrative of the little book is the result of research based on participant testimonies, official documents, and published histories. In other words, it is a nationalist history that conforms to scientific criteria. Nonetheless, the narrative is also interspersed with poetry composed by the most famous and eloquent authors of the early nationalist period. It joins authoritative methods and facts with an impassioned patriotism.
Yiğit also begins by explaining the importance of patriotism in all of human history in his introduction. This leads him to the example of Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Turkish Republic. Here he cites the accomplishments of the Eternal Leader (Ebedî Şef), and he concludes with a quotation of his "Speech to Youth" (Ey Türk Gençliği!). The first two chapters that follow then examine the imperial period as a run-up to the national period. They bear the titles "Our Relationships with the Russians Through History" and "The Collapse of the Ottoman Empire and Its Causes." Yiğit then turns to his main topic, an account of local residents who joined troops of the imperial army in order to resist Russian military invasion and occupation. Before mentioning specific incidents and individuals, however, he briefly explains the general significance of the Great War.
Because it was a modern military conflict, the Great War took the form of "total warfare" (topyekun harb). By this fact, the Ottoman Empire had to rely more than ever before on a people, all the more so because of the weakened condition of the state system. And of course, the only people it found to rely upon, at least in Asia Minor, were the Turkish people. As a consequence, the Great War brought to light the qualities of the Turkish nation (ıırkıımııza has kahramanlıık). And so it was that the Russian advance in 1916 locally took the form of a struggle for national existence (bütün varlıığıı ile savaşmak zorundadıır). An imperial army, which had been transformed into a national army (Türk ordusu) by total warfare, would require the assistance of the local population—not only its local militias, but all the residents of what was already in effect a national homeland (Karadenizin evlâtlarıı).
By these textual moves, made in three short paragraphs, Yiğit set the Battle for Of in the framework of the age of nations: A state had come to represent a people because the state was obliged to depend on the people. He immediately follows this opening argument with a list of the names of those volunteers who were known to have first rushed to the front lines between Batum and Hopa, even before the Russian advance. The list includes forty-five names of militia members from Rize, Of, and Sürmene. Next, he briefly describes three successive battles that occurred as the Russians advanced westward beyond Batum toward Rize, estimating in each instance the number of casualties on both sides. He then describes the Battle for Of in more detail. In the course of this account, he tells how soldiers and civilians worked together to organize a front at the Baltacıı River. Here he again gives lists of names of the volunteers who were part of this endeavor, but he also tells his readers about their words and actions. In doing so, he usually recounts how a military officer (his name is given) gave orders to one or more local residents (their names are given).
This account of the Battle for Of is remarkable in its tacit features, meaningless to anyone but an Oflu. The names that appear in the lists are in romanized characters, but they otherwise appear in their old imperial form. This being the case, the personal names of individuals are sometimes accompanied by a title, such as agha, bey, or pasha. When the individual is a local resident, the personal names are almost always preceded by a family name in the form of a patronymic (always if titled), such as Nuhoğlu Ahmet Agha. The exact distribution of the names in the lists is significant. Of the forty-five names of volunteers who rushed to the front lines at Batum, a third have the title agha as well as the patronymic of an agha-family from Rize, Of, or Sürmene. As for the lists of names associated with the Battle for Of, they always begin with a large cluster of individuals whose personal names are accompanied by the title agha and whose family names are those of agha-families. As for the accounts of the interactions of military officers and local leaders, they almost always involve well-known aghas from well-known agha-families.
Now, Yiğit's lists of names are in no way false or even biased. On the contrary, they appear to be a reasonably accurate version of the Battle for Of, even if not an exhaustive and definitive one. Leading individuals from large family groupings had always provided the leadership for local militias and regiments. The aghas from agha-families had assembled and accompanied soldiers on imperial campaigns, at home and abroad, for centuries. One would therefore expect that aghas from agha-families would be in the forefront of popular support for the imperial troops on the occasion of the Russian invasion in 1916. What is more significant is the placement of the aghas and the agha-families in a nationalist frame. The volunteers from among the local residents are presented as representatives of a Turkish people. The military officers and troops are representatives of a Turkish state. So the aghas from agha-families are given pride of place in the relationship of the nation-people and the nation-state. However, there is still more to the matter than this. By the lists of names, aghas from agha-families act as the representatives of the people of Of as the latter manifest themselves as a Turkish nation coming to the assistance of a Turkish state. But in the details of the account, aghas from agha-families are not depicted as assembling and directing volunteers (as they must have done in fact during the Battle for Of). They are depicted as receiving and fulfilling the orders of military officers. So for Yiğit, as for Umur, the nation once again becomes visible through a relationship of state and people, but in a different form. For Umur, the relationship of state and people manifested a moral solidarity (a state official evoking the support of a local population), but for Yiğit the relationship of state and people manifested a hierarchy (state officials directing local leaders who then direct the local population).
To understand this difference, we must return once again to the time the little book was written. Leading individuals from large family groupings had once again become intermediaries between state officials and the local population by the later 1940s. This had come about as state officials of the Kemalist period followed a governmental practice of the imperial period, turning to leading individuals from large family groupings for assistance, even though this contradicted nationalist ideology and institutions. As a consequence, an imperial state society at the local level had gradually but efficiently reoriented itself to become a national state society at the local level. Leading individuals from large family groupings, the descendants of aghas from agha-families, now appeared as nationalist rather than ottomanist in behavior, speech, and dress.
Yiğit's account of the Battle for Of therefore confirms that the old modernity, which could now be described as the "old republic," had inhabited the new modernity, which could now be described as the "new republic." According to this reorientation, the consequence of official practices if not policies, it was no longer possible for the Oflus to identify leading individuals from large family groupings as an unwelcome imperial legacy. Consequently, the ascendants of leading individuals from large family groupings, the aghas from agha-families, began to appear in memory as a nationalist leadership, even in the mind of a young Kemalist teacher in a primary school.
The confusion of the present with the past is clearly apparent from other formal features of the little book. It includes photographs of places and individuals associated with the battles of 1916 but that clearly date from after the declaration of the Turkish Republic. One of the five photographs of places shows a battle site (the high pastures in the Sultan Murat Mountains), but the other four show contemporary scenes of government buildings in the towns of Rize, Of, and Çaykara, one of them being identified as "headquarters." The four photographs of individuals include two individuals with the title "agha." One is a leading individual from the Muradoğlu (Harun Agha), and the other a leading individual from the Selimoğlu (Ferhat Agha). These two men are identified as participants in the Battle for Of, but they would also be among the most conservative, if not reactionary, of the local elites during the early Republican period.
But I have not yet mentioned the most striking of all the ironies that result from all these crossovers by which the local imperial was embedded within the local national. Yiğit could have plausibly described the aghas as the actual leaders of the people during the Battle for Of. After all, they were members of a regional social oligarchy, positioned in district networks, surrounded by large numbers of agnates, relatives, friends, partners, and followers. And indeed, for the very same reasons, their descendants could also plausibly be described as leaders of the people during the later 1940s. However, to so describe either group, it would be necessary for Yiğit to position them in circles of interpersonal association that were linked with Islamic belief and practice. But in the meantime, between 1916 and 1950, the Kemalists had disestablished Islam, thereby de-legitimizing the regional social oligarchy of the old province of Trabzon. So Yiğit could mention Islamic belief and practice as a feature of the Turkish nation (as he does in his introduction), but he could not describe aghas from agha-families as leaders of the people. He could only describe them as leaders of the people by virtue of their connections with officials of the nation-state, the latter having monopolized the legitimate representation of the nation-people.
In this regard, Yiğit is strangely silent when it comes to the professors and academies of the district of Of that were not only in existence legally in 1916, but also still in existence illegally in 1950. In this regard, his silence has all the earmarks of a prohibition. For example, of the more than a hundred personal names on his lists, only two have official religious titles (müftü, müderris), and only a few more indicate any kind of religious accomplishment (a number of hafıız, but not a single hacıı). Instead, the most common title affixed to a personal name after that of agha is efendi. Such a title would have indicated an "educated gentleman," hence by implication a graduate of a secular state school (rüşdiye), even though at least some if not most of these efendis had once been religious students, or even religious teachers.
Now Yiğit was a schoolteacher somewhere near the town of Of, but he was also himself from Çaykara, that part of the old district of Of so famous for its professors and academies. This means he would have not only been well informed about hodjas of Of, but he would also have inevitably had connections with such persons. It is even likely that he was a descendant of a line of hodjas, as was the case for many men and women who became schoolteachers, and certainly for most men and women who became writers or scholars. But Yiğit tells us nothing of this. Instead, he obliquely informs his readers that he is both a close relative and close friend of leading individuals from large family groupings.
Yiğit was most certainly withholding important information from his readers. But he was not intentionally attempting to trick or deceive. He was writing as an Oflu/Çaykaralıı and Kemalist. He wished to pay homage to the bravery of local residents in 1916, but he was obliged to so do by imposing on himself the revolutionary prohibitions that had made possible the move from Empire to Republic. He had therefore obliged himself to remain silent on this point or to disguise that point, and in the process of accepting such prohibitions, he progressively developed amnesia. By the time he had finished writing his book, he was no longer conscious of the relationship of the aghas to the hodjas. And because he was no longer conscious of this relationship, he could no longer understand who aghas had been or why the agha-families existed.
His citation of an official document in his little book confirms this conclusion. Yiğit had explicitly recognized one instance of the cooperation of a kind of agha and a kind of hodja. It occurs precisely in his citation of the communiqué that I have as yet only partially translated. Avni Pasha writes to the müftü that he was sending Haşıım Agha to assist him in carrying out his orders "to rain down the most terrible kind of worldly punishments and afflictions on anyone who opposed [them]." So his citation of the communiqué ever so slightly lifts the veil on the partnership of aghas and hodjas in the old regional social oligarchy, which is otherwise damaging to his case. And his citation of the communiqué also lifts the veil on official readiness to license the regional social oligarchy to inflict all the horrors of imperial sovereign power on the local population, which is also damaging to his case.
Yiğit was attempting to show that the imperial troops had emerged as a "Turkish army" just as the local population had emerged as a "Turkish people" in 1916. Nonetheless, he chose to include a document that reeks of the "imperial" and so directly contradicted the "national" significance of the Battle for Of. Why did he not "suppress" this most embarrassing official instrument? In my opinion, Yiğit cites the communiqué because it stood as concrete evidence of the readiness of state officials to delegate full sovereign power to local elites. It therefore stood as substantial confirmation that local elites were a nationalist leadership, at least in the terms of his argument. But it could only serve as confirmation if he simultaneously forgot that the communiqué otherwise wildly contradicted nationalist ideology and institutions. It revealed that an imperial state official was ready to use sovereign power to threaten and coerce the general population, and it revealed that local elites, consisting of aghas and hodjas, were ready to lend their assistance in such an effort.
In effect, Yiğit was himself unconsciously moving to reconstitute the hierarchy on which Avni Pasha was depending when he wrote his communiqué. He was at the time a schoolteacher who did research and wrote books, but he was doing so in a way that made him a "nationalist hodja." His account of the Battle for Of confirmed that nationalist aghas occupied a proper place in the state system. The result was the legitimization of a nationalist empire in which local elites assisted state officials to manage, and if need be to coerce, the general population. The old pattern by which state power captured religious revelation was reappearing as a new pattern by which state power captured secular history.
This puts Hasan Umur in a different light. Since he dared to reflect on the role of the professors and academies, and so defy secularist prohibitions, it would seem that he should have had a clearer vision of the past, and hence a clearer understanding of the present. | <urn:uuid:a1b2b38e-8efc-4f18-9557-d817c4448c5c> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft0v19n7b6&doc.view=content&chunk.id=d0e7476&toc.depth=1&anchor.id=0&brand=eschol | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368707435344/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516123035-00054-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9775 | 3,393 | 3.25 | 3 |
Written by: Alex Spears
11/05/2010 5:15 PM
One of the best parts of America’s vastness is the variety of scenery it offers us. As summer greens transform to autumnal yellows, oranges, and reds, as leaves fall from autumn and into winter, and as winter returns to spring to begin the cycle anew, there are many photo opportunities to capture the splendor of the changing seasons.. Here are six of our favorite destinations in the U.S. to photograph any time of the year.
Los Padres National Forest, California
Los Padres National Forest spans almost two million acres and extends over 220 miles of Southern and Central California, and more than 1.7 million of those acres are public lands. Divided into two separate, unconnected areas, Los Padres encompasses the northern division in Monterey County and the southern division in Kern, Los Angeles, San Luis, Santa Barbara, and Ventura counties. In the northern region, the forest allows avid and lay photographers alike access to over 300 miles of hiking trails and 11 campgrounds, some of which accommodate RVs, as well as Central California’s famed Big Sur Coast. The southern region is significantly larger, lies adjacent to the Angeles National Forest in Los Angeles County, and is full of beautiful mountain panoramas and trees.
Find campgrounds in the northern section or the southern section.
Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Colorado
Nestled in south-central Colorado, Great Sand Dunes boasts the tallest sand dunes in North America, some of which rise 750 feet, over almost 85,000 acres. Don’t, however, be fooled into thinking there are no trees in the national park, as this diverse habitat contains ancient forests of pine and spruce as well as aspen and cottonwood trees. Grasslands grant any photographer admission to breathtaking views from the valleys to the mountains. In short, Great Sand Dunes offers a plethora of setting in which to capture the perfect seasons in bloom, fall foliage, and winter wonderlands.
Find campgrounds and RV Parks near Mosca, Colorado.
Shenandoah National Park, Virginia
Located amidst the Blue Ridge Mountain province that spans eight states of the Appalachian Mountain Range, Shenandoah invites visitors to explore its almost 200,000 acres of long, narrow land located between the Shenandoah River Valley on the west and the rolling hills of the Piedmont plateau region of Virginia to the east. The Skyline Drive is a popular drive for flora appreciation and landscape photography during any season, as it runs 105 miles along the ridge of the mountains through the entire park, and is especially beautiful for fall foliage. For a particularly spectacular view, try the Dark Hollow Falls Trail, a 1.4 mile hike off of the Skyline Drive that ends at a 70 foot waterfall, one of nine in the park.
Find campgrounds and RV Parks near Stonewall, Virginia.
Shawnee National Forest, Illinois
Comprised of over 250,000 acres of Southern Illinois land, Shawnee houses parts of the Ozark and Shawnee hills. In addition to the astounding topography, Cedar Lake is a prime location for fishing bass, bluegill, and catfish. Of particular interest to visiting photographers is the Garden of the Gods Wilderness, 3,318 acres of land with numerous hiking trails to guide the way to the perfect shot. The solidified lava of Hicks Dome, once believed to have been formed from magma rising out of the earth during a volcanic eruption, is now thought to be the result of an ancient comet or meteor impact, and is located in Hardin County, Illinois.
Find campgrounds and RV Parks near Stonefort, Illinois.
Housatonic Meadows State Park, Connecticut
Situated among 451 acres of rock-laden Housatonic River Valley and hulking hills of the Northwestern uplands, Housatonic Meadows offers 95 campsites and an authentic back-to-basics nature experience. Complete with rustic appeal, a two-mile stretch of the Housatonic River bestows the opportunity upon expert and novice fisherman to trot a line for bass or trout. The scenery will astound the inner-shutterbug, as the park is located amidst towering oaks, which are particularly beautiful during the world-famous New England autumnal foliage. Nearby Ellsworth Hill Orchard & Berry Farm offers more staggering views as well.
Find campgrounds and RV Parks near Sharon, Connecticut.
Beavers Bend State Park, Oklahoma
At first blush, Beavers Bend State Park in Broken Bow, Oklahoma may seem like a strange addition to this list, but the southeastern Oklahoma park offers campers amazing vistas of lush flora surrounding crystalline Broken Bow Lake, ideal for snapshots of nature. November through February, the park offers eagle watches, and trout fishing, fly-fishing clinics, guided horseback rides over scenic trails, and hayrides year round. The David Boren Trail consists of 16 miles of hiking trails, 4 of which can also be mountain biked, that follow wondrous ridge tops and creek bottoms through colossal stands of timber and into areas secluded enough to stimulate fantasies of pioneer days. Of all the parks on the list, this one just may be the hidden gem.
Find campgrounds and RV Parks near Broken Bow, Oklahoma.
Each of these parks offers something uniquely beautiful at different times of the year. Wherever you decide to go, don’t forget your camera, so you can share nature’s beauty with your family and friends. Do remember to check on availability before you set out on your panoramic journey.
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Read more from our November Outdoor Living Newsletter | <urn:uuid:8c901e73-41f2-4ace-94b7-b9b0a90ee6d8> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.campingroadtrip.com/outdoor-living-newsletter-november-2010/the-best-places-to-camp-and-photograph-nature | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368711005985/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516133005-00046-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934479 | 1,391 | 1.726563 | 2 |
If NASA's virtual world gambit seems like a pipe dream, there's no doubt that astronauts traveling to Mars, or returning to the Moon, will enjoy a wealth of tech communications options that the Apollo crews couldn't have imagined.
Chris McKay, a planetary scientist at NASA Ames Research Center, says that with high-resolution videocameras, podcasts and web forums, the first Mars invaders could stage the ultimate reality show, with some becoming super-icons back on Earth.
Just knowing that their every move is being watched by a rapt audience at home could help the Mars voyagers find the strength to solider on in the face of "long-term conditions of isolation, privation and psychological stress," says Robert Zubrin, author of The Case for Mars and founder of The Mars Society.
"The psychological boost enjoyed by Mars-bound astronauts of knowing that they are 'golden people,' celebrated as heroes by millions on Earth, cannot be overstated," says Zubrin.
NASA's Laughlin, though, is committed to giving astronauts a more interactive experience. They might even be able to tap the internet from Mars to order Christmas gifts from e-Bay or cards from northpole.com for delivery to friends still on their home world, he says. Or they might download the latest singles from iTunes or e-books from Amazon.com.
Of course, with a single interplanetary TCP handshake clocking in at 12 to 60 minutes, the Mars mission will probably want to use One-Click. | <urn:uuid:abc7a7c0-ee3c-46c7-8ccd-0ec2c8ca21e5> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=4080591&page=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368701459211/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516105059-00064-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944743 | 307 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Questions about issues in the news for students 13 and older.
A City Room blog post tells the story of a former New York Times employee who recently received his lost wallet, found some 40 years later. Inside, he found photos and documents from his past. What have you ever lost of real sentimental or monetary value? Did you get it back? Have you ever found something that seemed valuable and tried to return it? What happened?
In “A Wallet Lost 40 Years Ago Now Is Found,” David W. Dunlap writes:
Rudolph R. Resta, 77, walked out of a wintry rain recently, through the revolving door of a largely empty Times Square office building, and into his distant past.
He found his two sons, now in their 40s, when they were small enough to fit into the same lawn chair, side by side. He found his wife, Angela, posing before a knife-sharp Pontiac Grand Prix in Prospect Park, looking very sultry in a jaguar stole; “real jaguar,” he said, “not the stuff they have today.” He found a picture of his father, Nicola, that he once worried he would never see again. He found a Social Security card issued by the Federal Security Agency (the office hasn’t existed since 1953) and an American Express card so old that it wasn’t green, it was purple and white. (Member Since 64.)
In fact, Mr. Resta found just about everything with which a well-stocked wallet would have bulged in 1970. Except, of course, the cash he carried on the day he carelessly left the wallet in a jacket pocket in an unattended coat closet on the second floor of The New York Times headquarters at 229 West 43rd Street, where he worked as an art director in the promotion department.
Students: Tell us about your experiences with losing, or finding, objects of sentimental or monetary value. Did you get back something important you lost? How? If you didn’t, do you still mourn its loss? Have you ever found something that seemed valuable and tried to return it to its owner? What happened? Read the City Room blog post, look at the photos of the lost wallet, then tell us your story.
Teachers: Here are 10 ways to teach with this feature. | <urn:uuid:11d2c7d6-965f-4931-9394-54699bb5440b> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/23/have-you-ever-lost-or-found-something-valuable/?apage=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703298047/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112138-00010-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976968 | 491 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Published in Cancer Weekly, December 24th, 2002
M. Mizuno and colleagues, Nagoya University, conducted experiments in mouse models of subcutaneous and intracranial gliomas to see if their original cationic liposomes conjugated with Ad vectors lowered viral antigenicity and sustained antitumor activity in murine models of experimental subcutaneous and...
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NewsRx also is available at LexisNexis, Gale, ProQuest, Factiva, Dialog, Thomson Reuters, NewsEdge, and Dow Jones. | <urn:uuid:a7e15c99-517c-428c-aa7b-e76993b7b4f2> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.newsrx.com/newsletters/Cancer-Weekly/2002-12-24/122420023334CW.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368702810651/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516111330-00024-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.901559 | 144 | 1.585938 | 2 |
KARACHI — One of this city’s main roads remained closed for more than three hours last Tuesday as buses smoldered, teargas canisters exploded and four people were wounded in clashes between members of the Shia Action Committee (S.A.C.) and the police.
The unrest began when members of the S.A.C. took to the streets to protest against the Pakistan Telecommunications Authority for blocking a Web site that documents violent incidents against members of Pakistan’s minority Shiite Muslim community. The block comes at a time when sectarian violence across Pakistan is soaring: 226 people from rival Muslim sects have been killed in 63 incidents this year; in the western Balochistan Province, more than 100 members of the ethnic Hazara community, who are predominantly Shiite, have been fatally attacked in 2012 (more than 400 were killed between 2008 and 2011).
In this dangerous environment, Pakistan’s religious minorities have retreated to cyberspace to air grievances, campaign for their rights and document the atrocities against their communities. But now this space is being closed off to them, too.
The Pakistan authorities are prone to censoring Web sites of all kinds on an ad hoc basis, without specifying why certain sites are targeted or publishing a comprehensive list of banned sites — at last count, more than 15,000 Web sites were blocked under the generic complaint of hosting ‘‘pornographic or blasphemous’’ content. Now the telecommunications authority is increasingly censoring the Web sites of religious minority groups. Earlier this month, a site managed by members of the Ahmadi Muslim community, who are considered heretics under Pakistani law, was also blocked.
Human rights groups and digital activists are campaigning against the telecommunications authority’s arbitrary policies, which make the personal intervention of influential politicians the only way to get a site uncensored. On Wednesday, the prime minister’s adviser for the interior, Rehman Malik, ordered the authority to unblock the Shia Action Committee’s site, but not before asking the Federal Investigation Agency — Pakistan’s equivalent of the F.B.I. — to remove all “objectionable material” from the site and arrest those responsible for posting the content.
The crackdown on minority-run Web sites is especially egregious given that terrorist groups enjoy a vast and unchecked Web presence. Abu Jindal, a member of Lashkar-e-Taiba, the group held responsible for the 2008 terrorist attacks in Mumbai, recently told his Indian interrogators that the organization maintains a trained Web team to manage Web sites. Other violent extremist groups are active on social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter.
I was particularly horrified a few weeks ago when I started receiving messages from the Twitter account of Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, an anti-Shiite terrorist group that claims responsibility for the attacks against Balochistan’s Shiite Hazara population. While the Shiite Web site documenting Lashkar-e-Jhangvi’s atrocities remained blocked, the group’s stream of hate speech — including threats of violence — against Shiites continued unabated. Earlier this year, an activist from Lashkar-e-Jhangvi posted on Twitter a death threat against Imran Khan, the popular cricketer-turned-politician and chairman of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, or Justice Party, after he spoke out against the group.
But it seems the telecommunications authority does not deem such content ‘‘objectionable.’’ As such, within Pakistan it is easier to access hate-inciting sermons by extremist clerics or videos of militants beheading their captives than it is to find information about religious minorities, especially Ahmadis.
The blocks on minority Web sites bode poorly for the basic right to free speech, not only for Pakistan’s religious minorities, but also for anyone whose views diverge from those of unaccountable officials. Rather than respond to calls to make its criteria for censorship more transparent, the telecommunications authority is seeking to expand its ability to block online content.
If the telecommunications authority is successful in this endeavor, Pakistan’s most vulnerable citizens will be left with no opportunities to speak out, whether in the virtual or real world, while the extremist groups that persecute them spread their hateful propaganda with impunity.
Huma Yusuf is a columnist for the Pakistani newspaper Dawn and was the 2010-11 Pakistan Scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington. | <urn:uuid:67c12119-d1f2-4678-8afa-54aa0f5b2a10> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://latitude.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/23/pakistans-religious-minorities-are-silenced-online/?emc=rss | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698924319/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516100844-00058-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943318 | 922 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Early and Recent History and Genealogical Records
of Many of the Representative Citizens
MARSHALL ROUDEBUSH. The business of the farm and the business of farming, while in many points analogous, are in reality quite distinctive. The former carries with it the consideration of dollars and cents in the employment of labor, the outlay of capital on buildings and improvements, the cost of raising crops as against the revenue received after harvesting and sale, the maintenance and repair of machinery and implements, and the saving to be made possible if newer and improved machinery is installed on the farm. In short, the business of the farm is to make the farm produce the utmost possible at the lowest cost, and to be certain of a ready cash market for all that is produced.
One of Greene county's farmers, who looks well to the general business of farming and is therefore succeeding is Marshall Roudebush, of Brookline township. He was born near Vernon, Jennings county, Indiana, October 14, 1856. He is a son of William S. and Nancy (Walker) Roudebush. The father, who was one of a family of twenty-two children, was one of the first settlers in Jennings county, Indiana, having located there about the year 1830 when the country was sparsely settled and little improved, but he worked hard and developed a good farm. The mother of our subject was born in Kentucky from which state she removed with her parents to Jennings county, Indiana, about 1830 and there she grew to womanhood and married. To William S. Roudebtish the following children were born: Daniel, who served in the Civil war as corporal in the Union army was taken prisoner and died of starvation at Andersonville prison; Charles L., who resided in Kansas, died in 1887; Marshall, of this sketch; Elizabeth, who married a Mr. Anderson, lives at Lebanon, Indiana; Jennie lived at North Vernon, Indiana, and has been deceased for fifteen years; Ophelia Boggs lives in Vernon, Indiana.
Marshall Roudebush was reared on the home farm in Indiana where he worked when a boy, and there he received his education in the district schools. He was thirteen years of age when his father died, and he started out in life for himself, since which time he has made his own way in the world unaided and is deserving of a great deal of credit for the large success which has been his. He has been engaged in general farming for the most part but has devoted considerable attention to buying, raising and shipping live stock and he owes no inconsiderable portion of his success to the latter business. He is regarded by his neighbors as one of the best judges of various kinds and grades of live stock to be found in this part of the county. He remained in Indiana until the winter of 1883 when he came to Greene county, Missouri, and located in Brookline township, purchasing forty acres in section 14 where he still resides, and prospering with advancing years he has acquired additional acreage until he now owns one of the valuable and choice farms of the township, consisting of two hundred and forty acres, which he has brought up to a high state of improvement and cultivation. He recently erected a commodious pressed brick residence of the bungalow type, modern in its appointments and surrounded on all sides by a fine grove of walnut and oak. It is on an eminence commanding a splendid view.
Mr. Roudebush was married on December 26, 1880, to Olive Spencer, a daughter of Major Samuel A. and Sarah (Ewing) Spencer. The father served with much credit through the Civil war as a major of the Eighty-Second Indiana Volunteer Infantry. Our subject's wife was born in Jennings county, Indiana, in 1855 and there she grew to womanhood and received a common school education. She has borne her husband the following children: Bessie, born on November 30, 1884, is unmarried and living at home; Everett A., born on July, 1886 is unmarried and is engaged in farming in Kansas; Harry M., born on March 20, 1889, is single, and is living at home assisting his father operate the home place; Charles S., born on August 3, 1893 is single, and is now employed by the United States government on irrigation work at Phoenix, Arizona.
Politically, Mr. Roudebush is a Republican, but has never been active in politics, although taking a good citizen's interest in. public affairs. He has served three years on the local school board. Fraternally he is a member of the Masonic Order.
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y
Table of Contents | Keyword Search Greene County History Home | Local History Home | <urn:uuid:0fd1169f-9e58-4fd1-8b30-b3a99039830b> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://thelibrary.org/lochist/history/paspres/roudebum.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704132298/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113532-00013-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.98672 | 1,016 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Respectfully Quoted: A Dictionary of Quotations. 1989.
Harry S. Truman (18841972)
They said we were soft, that we would not fight, that we could not win. We are not a warlike nation. We do not go to war for gain or for territory; we go to war for principles, and we produce young men like these. I think I told every one of them that I would rather have that medal, the Congressional Medal of Honor, than to be President of the United States.
President HARRY S. TRUMAN, remarks at presentation of the Congressional Medal of Honor to fourteen members of the Navy and Marine Corps, October 5, 1945.Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Harry S. Truman, 1945, p. 375. | <urn:uuid:6b6e376b-6107-4a9b-b753-c9d8be2618d2> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.bartleby.com/73/1949.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699881956/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516102441-00024-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955029 | 165 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Quote of the Day, January 22, 2013, excerpted from Will Mississippi Close it’s Last Abortion Clinic? by Alissa Quart:
If the Jackson clinic is closed, the 2,000 women who go there for abortions each year will need to travel out-of-state. That will mean paying for bus fare or gas, as well as covering childcare and the loss of wages. There will also be hotel fees: many nearby states require a 72-hour waiting period between a state-mandated counseling session and an abortion. And the procedure itself can cost $450 or even more. (Several of the women in the waiting room of the Jackson clinic said they had received financial assistance from the National Abortion Federation.) All of this may make abortions prohibitively expensive for many Mississippi women, who are among the poorest in the union. According to the latest census, Mississippi had a poverty rate of 22.6 in 2011. The clinic’s clientele fall disproportionately into this poorest sector. | <urn:uuid:1509a573-da4a-4a09-a28d-4d2806b8b658> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://economichardship.org/roe-v-wade-at-40-closing-clinics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368702810651/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516111330-00037-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964948 | 202 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Henry Alexander Wise
(December 3, 1806 September 12, 1876) was an American statesman from Virginia.
born in Drummondtown, Accomack County, Virginia, to Major John Wise and his second wife Sarah
Corbin Cropper, whose families had been long settled there.
He was privately tutored until his twelfth year and then entered
Margaret Academy, near Pungoteague in Accomack County. He graduated from
Washington College (now Washington &
Jefferson College) in 1825.Wise was admitted to the bar in 1828, and settled in Nashville, Tennessee, in the same year, but returned to Accomack County
He was married three times, first in 1828 to Anne Jennings, the
daughter of Rev. Obadiah Jennings and Ann Wilson of Washington,
Anne died in 1837 leaving Henry with four
children: two sons and two daughters. A fifth child died with her
in a fire.
Wise was married a second time in November 1840, to Sarah Sergeant,
daughter of Whig Congressman John Sergeant
Watmough of Philadelphia. In nineteen years of marriage with two
wives, Wise fathered fourteen children, only seven of whom survived
to adulthood. Sarah gave birth to at least five children. She and
the last child died soon after its birth on October 14, 1850. Henry
married a third time to Mary Elizabeth Lyons in 1853.
After serving as governor, Wise settled with Mary and his younger
children in 1860 at Rolleston, an plantation which he bought from
his brother John Cropper Wise, who also continued to live there.
located on the eastern branch of the Elizabeth River near Norfolk,
had first been developed by William and Susannah Moseley, English
immigrants who settled there in 1649. After the Civil War,
Henry and Mary Wise lived in Richmond where he resumed his law career.
Henry A. Wise served in the United States Congress
from 1833 to
1844. He was elected to Congress in 1832 as a Jacksonian Democrat
. On the question of the
rechartering of the United States Bank he broke with the Jackson administration, and
became a Whig, but was
sustained by his constituents.
After his first election in
1832 he fought a duel
with his competitor for
the seat in Congress. He was reelected to Congress as a Whig in
1837, serving till 1841, and was reelected as a Tyler Democrat in
Wise was active in securing the election of John Tyler
as Vice President
appointed Wise as United States minister to Brazil from 1844 to
1847, where two of his children were born in Rio de Janeiro.
After his return, Wise identified with the
Democratic Party. In 1855, after a remarkable campaign, he was
elected governor of Virginia over the Know
candidate. Wise supported the annexation of Texas by the
United States. Wise County, Texas, was named in his honor.
In the statewide election of 1855 Wise defeated Thomas S. Flournoy
and subsequently served as the
Governor of Virginia
to 1860. Wise County, Virginia, was named after him when it was established in
One of his last official acts as Governor was to sign
the death warrant of John
. He was a member of the Virginia secession
convention of 1861, and opposed immediate secession.
Upon the withdrawal of the
commonwealth from the Union, however, he joined the Confederate
army and was commissioned as a brigadier general
Wise during the American Civil War.
Wise served as a brigadier general in the Confederate Army
. He commanded the
District of Roanoke
Island during the Battle of Roanoke Island.
His part in the decision to cede the island when faced with much
greater Union forces drew the ire of some of the Confederate
His forces were attached to the division of Maj. Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes
during the Seven Days Battles
. For the rest of 1862
and 1863 he held various commands in North Carolina and Virginia.In
1864 Wise was in command of a brigade in the Department of North
Carolina & Southern Virginia. His brigade defended Petersburg and was
credited with saving the city at the First Battle
of Petersburg and to an extent at the Second
Battle of Petersburg. He then commanded a brigade in the Army of Northern Virginia during
the final stages of the Siege of Petersburg, and was promoted to the rank of major general after the Battle of
He was with Robert
E. Lee at Appomattox
Court House, where he fought bravely but urged Lee to
He was the brother-in-law of Union
Maj. Gen. George G. Meade
After the war Wise resumed his law practice in Richmond, and
settled there for the rest of his life. In 1865 he was unable to
reclaim Rolleston, his plantation outside Norfolk
, before he received pardon from the
president. After Wise entered Confederate service, he and his
family abandoned Rolleston in 1862 as Union troops were taking over
Norfolk. Wise arranged then for residence for his
family in Rocky Mount, Franklin
As a result, Maj. Gen. Terry of the U.S. command in the Norfolk
area did not permit Wise to reclaim the Rolleston property. In an
exchange of letters published in the New York Times
stated that under conditions of parole, Wise had claim only to the
Rocky Mount property where he had been living when he went to war.
The Freedmen's Bureau
Rolleston Hall and other plantations in the Norfolk area as schools
for freedmen. Two hundred were said to be at Rolleston.
Wise returned to law and made a career in Richmond after the war.
In addition, he wrote a historical work based on his public service
entitled Seven Decades of the Union
(1872). His two
surviving sons were both active in state and Federal
One of his sons, John Sergeant Wise, wrote a memoir entitled
The End of an Era.
John Wise was fourteen in the summer of
1860 and served in the Confederate Army late in the war. He wrote
about his own memories of Rolleston and the war years, as well as
about his father's role and their family members. In addition,
Henry A. Wise's grandson Barton Haxall Wise wrote a biography of
the former governor called The Life of Henry A. Wise
(New York, 1899).
- Washington and Jefferson College Digital Archive
- Jennings Cropper Wise, Col. John Wise of England and
Virginia (1617-1695): His Ancestors and Descendants, Richmond:
Virginia Historical Society, 1918; Digitized 2007 by University of
California, p. 196, accessed 20 Mar 2008
- Simpson, p. 23.
- 1850 US
Census, St. George's Parish, Accomack Co, VA, accessed 5 Mar
2008; John S. Wise, The End of an Era, New York:
Houghton Mifflin & Co., 1899, p. 39; Documents of the South
Collection, University of North Carolina Website, accessed 11
- Simpson, p. 95.
- Simpson, p. 222.
- Idris Bowen, "Rolleston Hall, Virginia", The
Rollestonian, Spring 2002, accessed 2 Feb 2008
- New International Encyclopedia, Henry A.
- The Wise and Terry Letters, 31 Jul 1865, The
New York Times, accessed 4 Feb 2008; Idris Bowen, "Rolleston Hall, Virginia", The
Rollestonian, Spring 2002, accessed 2 Feb 2008
- John Sergeant Wise, The End of an Era,
Documenting the South, University of North Carolina
- Henry A. Wise, New International
- Simpson, Craig M., A Good Southerner: A Life of Henry
A. Wise of Virginia, Raleigh: University of North
Carolina Press, 1985
- Wise, Barton Haxall. The Life of Henry A. Wise of
Virginia, 1806-1876. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1899.
googlebooks Accessed January 29, 2008
Retrieved on 2008-02-13 | <urn:uuid:734f3298-640a-47ff-a8af-ceebe45b7245> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://maps.thefullwiki.org/Henry_A._Wise | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706153698/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120913-00016-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964926 | 1,734 | 2.375 | 2 |
unicorn wrote:For Gerund and Infinitives, does a main verb always precede them?
Gerund is a verbal, having mainly the functions of Noun. It is never preceded by a 'main verb'.
Infinitive (or 'the name of a purpose') is different in that it can have various functions:
- To master
a language is not so easy as it may seem.
- This will be the night to remember
- I'd like you to answer
Adverbial of purpose
- You have to know 80% of the answer (in order) to pose
a question correctly.
Some forms coincide with the Infinitive form, when the latter is used without particle 'to' (as with modals). The easiest way to check whether Infinitive is used is to use it with negation.
Say, Imperative is such a form:
Stand up; Open the books; &c.
The negative form of Infinitive will be:
stand up; not to
open the books; &c.,
while Imperative form will be:
stand up; don't
open the books; &c.
If it helps, | <urn:uuid:c023e2a8-48a3-4fca-a472-89ac21847741> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.tefl.net/forums/viewtopic.php?p=1372 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703682988/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112802-00013-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923061 | 249 | 3.125 | 3 |
The explosion of expert evidence in our courtrooms in the last several decades has been accompanied by increasing concerns about "junk science" and "pseudo-science". After many years of debate within the legal and scientific communities regarding the nature and extent of junk science, the US Supreme Court, in the 1993 landmark case, Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. articulated an entirely new set of criteria based on the scientific method for the admissibility of expert testimony. In 2000 the Supreme Court of Canada in R. v. J.-L. J. referenced Daubert as a relevant authority and expressly adopted the same elements of analysis. Expert evidence in both countries must now obey the rules of science to be admissible. Science lessons for lawyers and judges have now been mandated by the highest courts in both Canada and the United States.
Expert Evidence in Criminal Law: The Scientific Approach by Alan D. Gold is the first and only Canadian book on expert evidence entirely from a scientific perspective.
The book is written in plain language making it easily accessible to lawyers and judges approaching the topic for the first time. At the same time it contains all the principles and knowledge needed to expose bogus experts and junk science, and to reduce inflated expert evidence to its proper valuation.
Everything from forensic identification evidence, including fingerprints and toolmarks, to psychological and psychiatric evidence such as post traumatic stress syndrome are discussed and evaluated according to the rules of science, and the deficiencies and weaknesses of the evidence are demonstrated in detail.
Summary Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: Introduction
CHAPTER 2: The U.S. Revolution
CHAPTER 3: The Admissibility of Expert Opinion Evidence
CHAPTER 4: Science: Some Basic Concepts
CHAPTER 5: Science and the Forensic Sciences
CHAPTER 6: Science and Psychiatric and Psychological Evidence
CHAPTER 7: Science and Syndrome Evidence
CHAPTER 8: Science and "Consistent with" Evidence
CHAPTER 9: Science and Social Science Evidence
CHAPTER 10: Problematic Procedural Issues
CHAPTER 11: Proposals for Change
Table of Cases
About the Author:
Alan D. Gold practises criminal law at the trial and appellate levels and has appeared as counsel before all levels of courts in Ontario, as well as in other provinces, and in the Supreme Court of Canada. He is a member and past president of the Criminal Lawyers' Association, and an inductee of the American College of Trial Lawyers and the National Association of Criminal Defence Lawyers (US). Mr. Gold is one of Canada's most respected commentators on criminal law matters. His Criminal Law Netletter, which is available on Quicklaw, is read by thousands of Canadian and international criminal lawyers each week. | <urn:uuid:4842ca87-f3be-412f-a379-8af01bef5395> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.cavershambooksellers.com/search/1552210723 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706890813/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516122130-00004-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933374 | 544 | 2.234375 | 2 |
New Delhi: To compete on smartphones and tablets, Opera Software is reportedly working on a new browser dubbed "Ice". Opera is using the WebKit rendering engine - which is the same browser engine that powers Apple's Safari and Google's Chrome - for this new mobile browser.
Pocket-lint has posted a video of what it says to be an internal presentation that took place at Opera before the past Christmas. In the video, the new browser is demonstrated on an iPad.
The video shows that the browser relies heavily on gestures. An employee demos and uses swipes to dive into the browsing history. "It will ditch all buttons and instead use gestures to control key elements like forwards and backwards," reports Pocket-Lint.
"This is a full touch and tablet-focused browser," said the product manager in the video.
Expected to be released in February, it is likely to take on Google's Chrome and Apple's Safari browsers.
"Opera mini is great, but it is not a fully-fledged offering like Chrome or Safari. There are too many sites it doesn't work with," Lars Boilesen, CEO of Opera, was quoted as saying. | <urn:uuid:2a403088-b693-4a75-93f1-542b584c0064> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://ibnlive.in.com/news/opera-reportedly-working-on-ice-mobile-browser-expected-to-be-released-in-february/316601-11.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704392896/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113952-00027-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949358 | 238 | 1.835938 | 2 |
The adorable 6-in-1 OwiKits Solar Building Kit puts clean, renewable power in your child's hands--literally. The snap-together OwiKits Solar Building Kit lets your child create two planes, an airboat, a car, a puppy, and a windmill out of a solar panel, a motor and a number of assorted parts.
Craig Morioka, the president of OwiKits, notes the kits were made to "involve, engage and educate." I love Morioka's rationale behind the OwiKits Solar Building Kit, and hope the product does well in stores.
Solar-Powered Building Sets
3,542 clicks in 227 w
More Stats +/- | <urn:uuid:74c75615-e7b7-40bd-aa90-7dd39409386a> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.trendhunter.com/trends/owikits-solar-building-kit | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696382584/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092622-00006-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.90616 | 146 | 1.90625 | 2 |
just installed mysql. when i type MYSQL and get the command prompt im not allowed to do anything apart from get the status. it says : ERROR 1044: Access denied for user: '@localhost' to database 'database'.
i know that the dwfault username/password is root/root, so i try to log on as MYSQL root -p, it prompts me for the password and when i enter root it replies:
ERROR 1045: Access denied for user: 'ODBC@localhost' (Using password: YES)
i've got a tutorial for mysql here but theres no mention of anything like it.
Maybe this should go in the advanced MySQL forum? Seems like a tricky one to me, maybe you'll get better response there .
If knowledge is power - Why isn't our army librarians?!
Statistics show that 63% of all statistics are fake.
When i was little i broke my neck, and i havent looked back since .
I completed the internet in 1 week. The end boss was pretty easy though . | <urn:uuid:27dc2833-1787-40e4-a7e4-937d1456e6ee> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.sitepoint.com/forums/showthread.php?182980-mysql-privilages-problem&p=1317905 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368701852492/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516105732-00029-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935657 | 222 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Top Ten Cities for Walking
Love to walk? You might be living in one of the nation's 10 most walker-friendly cities.
The American Podiatric Medical Association has released this year's list of top walking cities in the country.
"Walking is truly a great exercise that can be enjoyed almost anywhere," said Dr. Harold Glickman, APMA president. "These 10 cities and their residents embody a passion for walking that sets a great example for the rest of the nation."
The Top Ten Places to Walk in the United States are:
With cool summers and relatively mild winters, walkers in Portland can hit the streets and trails year round.
Colorado Springs, Colorado
Colorado Springs scored extremely high in both the general physical fitness index and the percentage of adults who participate in sports.
Madison, which ranks fourth in miles of trails per square mile, has more residents who bike to work than any other city in the nation.
The largest city in the Gem State boasts a high percentage of adults who participate in athletics while also ranking fourth in number of residents who walk for exercise.
Las Vegas, Nevada
This desert oasis has a high number of households that are physically active and participate in sports.
Austin scored favorably because of its many parks and the number of residents who bike for exercise.
Virginia Beach, Vrginia
More than a haven for beach goers, Virginia Beach reached the top 10 because of its low crime rate, lots of parks and the number of residents who golf.
Nearly 50 percent of Anchorage residents walk for exercise, taking advantage of the city's vast square mileage of parks. Anchorage also has more dog owners than any other city in the U.S.
Topping the list for the number of residents who walk for health, Fremont outscored many cities because of the number of residents who take public transportation to work.
Raleigh, North Carolina
With several parks at their disposal, Raleigh residents have many places to walk.
APMA partnered with Prevention magazine to develop this year's study criteria. For a list of all 100 cities surveyed, visit www.apma.org/walkingcities.
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Talking with teenagers about their health isn't always a parent's or a teen's favorite conversation. But parents have more influence on their teen's health than they think, according to researchers with the Prevention Research Centers (PRC) network. | <urn:uuid:b002dad2-0d08-4b60-838c-7ed17747d779> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.ihavenet.com/healthfitness_toptenwalks.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698207393/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095647-00018-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94077 | 1,463 | 1.679688 | 2 |
In this third in a series exploring Japanese aesthetics, The Diplomat looks into the popular notion that the ‘Land of the Rising Sun’ is also a land of opposites.
What is it that makes Japan’s landscape so visually distinctive? And is the answer to this question the key to defining the ‘Japanese aesthetic’?
Drawing on insights from scholars, authors and architects on Japan’s contemporary landscape, this series aims to answer these questions. So far, to better understand the concept of Japanese aesthetics, I’ve zeroed in on two specific, common landscapes in the country—its streets and gardens—and looked at the historical modernism and eclectic nature of its unique urban landscape. Today I’m going to take a look at the well-worn idea that Japan’s landscape is comprised of numerous conflicting elements. Is this really the case? Or is there actually harmony rather than conflict in the diversity?
Land of Opposites?
The idea that Japan is a country made up of opposing characteristics is a popular one. Even online travel resource Wikitravel introduces Japan as, ‘a study in contrasts and contradictions.’ The popular travel database goes on to say it’s a land where ‘the past meets the future,’ and describes the landscape as one where ‘cities are as modern and high tech as anywhere else, but tumbledown wooden shacks can still be spotted next to glass fronted designer condominiums,’ and ‘beautiful temples and gardens which are often surrounded by garish signs and ugly buildings.’
Architect Julian Worrall too, in his book, 21st Century Tokyo: A Guide to Contemporary Architecture, calls Tokyo ‘at this moment’ a city that’s ‘advanced yet modest, tightly ordered yet insouciant, complete yet ever new, strange yet comfortably familiar.’ Worrall and co-author Erez Golani Solomon’s description of Japan’s capital appear to lend weight to the notion that contrasting forces define the nation.
And according to Gordon Kanki-Knight, author of several Wallpaper* guides to Japanese cities, old vs. new is a theme played out across all of Japan’s urban centres. ‘The tension between the effort to modernize and the desire to retain something of the older, pre-war Japan that was very sure of itself is played out in every city,’ he told me. ‘Japan’s cities are…while appearing “modern,” actually full of contradictions, fortuitous mistakes, and successful new concepts.’
But while this idea of contrasting forces could imply a kind of chaotic, urban mess, there is another perspective.
Battling Forces or Perfect Harmony?
Yoichi Kubota, a professor at Saitama University, veteran engineer and the chairman of the design committee of a major (still to be named) bridge currently under construction in Tokyo Bay, told me that diversity doesn’t have to mean conflict.
Kubota told me that in his view, while man and nature are pressed together in Japan, there’s a distinct lack of the man vs. nature concept so prevalent in the West. ‘Modern technology propagated in the Western world has sustained a basic idea of human versus nature,’ he explained. Pointing to Europe as an example, he said: ‘Italian cities and gardens are artefacts derived from the idea of humanizing the environment by controlling nature, (an idea) which has been handed down for many centuries in the Western world.’ Kubota suggests that the visual environment that was formed in the West ‘according to rational reasoning,’ is very different from Japan, where ‘some part of human action’ has always been ‘open to nature, welcoming the effects coming out as the interaction between artefact and nature.’
He explained to me also that the huge bridge he had a hand in creating, which will have a major impact on Tokyo’s landscape, was designed with this harmonization in mind: ‘(The bridge) is on the sea with the sky in the background, thus the viewer will experience the interaction among (the man-made and nature) through undulating colour and light.’
Kanki-Knight, now based in Australia, recalls certain experiences from years living and writing in Japan, that also point to contrasting forces coming together in a uniquely positive way: ‘I once asked design great Naoto Fukasawa how he dreamt up his ideas. I had imagined he would sit before a wide-screen Mac in a pristine white office. But he told me that he trekked to a mountain cabin without electricity to ponder his next pared-down kettle or toaster—I shouldn’t have been surprised to learn that he incorporates asceticism in his quest to find answers to his design quandaries.’
In 2009, Kanki-Knight also met young, creative designer Hiranao Tsuboi, who happens to be a Buddhist monk who also designs ‘cell phones, furniture and electrical goods.’ He explained to me that while ‘that combination might seem odd in the West, in Japan the old and new, tradition and modernism are entirely compatible—indeed they are virtually one.’
Kanki-Knight pointed out certain examples of well-known Japanese structures that successfully ‘incorporate elements of modernism but retain something of the pre-Meiji era,’ such as the works in Tokyo of Kenzo Tange—the Yoyogi National Gymnasium in Shibuya, or the late Kisho Kurokawa’s Nakagin Capsule Tower in Ginza—through which he dares you to try passing ‘without pausing to give it a second and third look.' He also mentions ‘Japanese design greats’ like Ikko Tanaka, Kenya Hara, Rikki Watanabe and Sori Yanagi, who have all in his opinion an ‘ability to drawn on and improve on Japan’s modern yet traditional design history.’
‘Old and new coexist in Japan, this is what sets design apart in the country,’ he added.
Worrall told me he believes there’s something else at play in Japan—the large numbers of people that subscribe to a unique way of thinking that he calls naïve naturalism: ‘a child’s world of harmonious environment where man and nature are not at war with each other.’ Citing the worlds created by animation legend Hayao Miyazaki as an example of this aesthetic, he explained that this sort of ideal is reflected in Japan’s contemporary visual landscape thanks to renowned architect Teranobu Fujimori and others like him.
Worrall explained that contrary to ‘the stuff that sells very well to a foreign audience of a cool contemporary Japan—that kind of pristine white clean look,’ the Fujimori look is something quite different: ‘It’s basically like gingerbread houses made out of wood and plaster and tree branches that haven’t been touched in any way, that kind of thing. Fujimori’s kind of naturalism references a Japanese tradition…the tradition of the teahouse, for example.’
He went on to suggest that through his architecture, Fujimori not only takes traditional Japanese elements that themselves contrast, like inside a teahouse where ‘it’s about the contrast between sharp and smooth, between natural and artificial, between dark and light…bitter and sweet,’ but combines that with his own contemporary ideas, putting all these contrasting elements in. And it works.
For Japan, diversity is a strength of its landscape, not a weakness. Friday, I’ll continue to explore the concept of ‘Japaneseness’ and the Japanese aesthetic, before finishing off the series next week, with a look into the possible future for Japan’s landscape.
Images: Marunouchi business district by Shiny Things / Flickr (top), Terunobu Fujimori's Takasugi-an Teahouse by japanese_craft_construction / Flickr (bottom). | <urn:uuid:00ecd3ac-e514-4556-a487-6c1e70030bcb> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://thediplomat.com/new-emissary/2010/11/09/japan-where-conflict-is-harmony/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709037764/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125717-00014-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955071 | 1,729 | 2.546875 | 3 |
I'm working on a tutorial for good use of white space. I saw a layout the other day that tried to use white space, however, everything was just floating around. It needed pulled together. I'm going to do the same layout using the same size elements, but 2 different ways. Almost like the redo in CK, but I'll be using the same paper and same elements, just rearranging everything.
Also, there has been a lot of talk on both boards I frequent about color. How to choose colors that go together. I always take it for granted... I can just look at colors and know if they work. That may come from instinct or the fact that I have 20 years of graphic design experience, or a little of both. When first starting out as a graphic designer, I remember my art director showing me how he picked colors. He'd use a pantone book, fan it out, pick a color that he liked, then look thru it to find another color that went with it. Of course we both had studied the principals behind the color wheel. Primary, secondary, monochromatic, complimentary, etc. .... I'll try to do a crash course to help choose colors for scrapbook pages, or cards, or walls, anything really. The same principals apply.
Here's a page I did using the Pink Paislee paper that I bought at the big scrapbook store. I used complimentary colors of orange and blue. Technically, this would be called using "split complimentary" since I used a shade of blue, but, we'll save that for later.
My pug Louie. His name on his AKC registration is Precious King Louis - because we bought him from Precious Pets pug breeder. By the way, please don't ever buy a dog from a pet store. Either go to a reputable breeder or adopt a dog from a local shelter... and as Bob Barker says, don't forget to spay and neuter!
On Memorial Day, we went to see Indiana Jones. We got there really early, and since Michael's was in the same plaza, why not waste a half hour there. Absolutely nothing was on sale.... but, I did manage to buy a few things, some tape refills, and I ran across these little guys, aren't they the cutest:
I just love those owls. And for 99 cents, who could resist?
Have a super day!! | <urn:uuid:28b727ec-e333-4e5f-8ed8-c00cb55707d2> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://workforscraps.blogspot.com/2008/06/pink-paislee-layout.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368708766848/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125246-00063-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972416 | 502 | 1.734375 | 2 |
LESLIE: Well, an easy way to cut down on food waste at home is to install a garbage disposer. You can send leftover fruit and potato peels, veggie stubs and all kinds of other waste right down your drain.
TOM: And this is one of those appliances that once you own it, you never want to be without one again. To help us understand the options and what it takes to install a garbage disposer, we welcome Richard Trethewey, the plumbing and heating contractor from TV’s This Old House.
RICHARD: Hi, guys. Nice to be in The Money Pit.
TOM: It’s a pleasure to have you.
Now, manufacturers call these “food-waste disposers.” What should homeowners be asking themselves when shopping for one?
RICHARD: Well, there’s four basic questions, I think. One is what type of garbage disposer do you want to get, what size, any special features you want to get and do you have a septic tank or a septic field?
TOM: So let’s start with type. How many types are there?
RICHARD: There are two. One is called “batch feed” and the other is called “continuous feed.” Batch feed, as its name suggests, you put food down into the disposer and then you put a stopper, that is also the active switch for the disposer, down into the drain. You turn it and there’s a little magnet there that brings that disposer on. The batch feed is perceived to be much safer because there’s no chance of spoons or unwanted things going down the drain and no chance of hands going down there.
RICHARD: The other is continuous and that is there’s a switch somewhere, either under the sink or on the wall. You turn it on and most pro chefs would want to have that because you can move food down while you’re doing food prep and it’s …
LESLIE: Mm-hmm. And that’s really like a volume thing.
RICHARD: That’s right. That would be for the bigger use, yeah.
LESLIE: Now, what about noise? I mean I don’t have one. I imagine that they’re quite a noisy appliance to have in your home.
RICHARD: Well, there are choices in terms of the size and with that comes the amount of insulation. The basic builder model, the one that we call the “builder model,” is the cheapest thing. It has almost no insulation. It sounds like a freight train underneath the sink. It usually makes the sink jump up and down.
And then as you go higher, you get more horsepower and you also get more insulation to really make it quiet.
TOM: Now, what about a septic system? If you have a septic system, can you actually have a disposer?
RICHARD: There are some disposers that are made specifically for septic systems, if you have a disposer – a modern disposer – that can really grind that food to a fine puree, really, to get it into the septic field. But many of these disposers also have a feature that can add a little container on the side of the disposer that adds an enzyme to help break down those foodstuffs when they go down to the septic system. So the answer is yes.
TOM: That’s good advice.
Now, what about installation? Is it difficult to install a disposer? Are there any common pitfalls that people – mistakes that people make?
RICHARD: Well, an installation of a disposer is two-part. One is you have to install the flange up onto a sink. And that’s the big 4-inch hole that you can see from the sink side. And then you have to attach the disposer to that flange and that can become tricky to try and hold that disposer up and then lock this ring in to hold it in.
RICHARD: So sometimes you have to put a cardboard box under it or some sort of lever, because it …
TOM: Because it’s pretty heavy.
RICHARD: Really, the high-quality ones are heavy, so you’ve really got to muscle it up there.
LESLIE: Now, Richard, I imagine these things jam quite often. What can you do in the event of something getting stuck in your disposer?
RICHARD: Well, you certainly hope they don’t get jammed often.
LESLIE: Well, if you’re cramming everything you’ve got down the sink …
RICHARD: And actually, I’ve got to tell you, the highest-end disposers actually have a feature where each time it comes on or if it did jam, the motor would automatically reverse and go the other way.
TOM: Oh, interesting.
RICHARD: So it’s an anti-jamming feature. In some of the basic ones, though, they are going to jam and so in that case, there’s a couple things to look for. Underneath every disposer is a little red button. It’s a little reset button. It’s much like a circuit breaker on your electrical panel. And so if it overheated because it was jammed, that button would pop out. You have to get underneath there and just reset that button.
Now, that may not be enough. Because if the grinding wheel – that thing that is going to grind up the food that’s inside the disposer – is jammed, then you may have to mechanically clear that jam. And so, many of these disposers come with a little Allen-style wrench; it’s a little offset wrench. Usually comes in a package that hangs near the disposer, we hope. And from directly underneath the disposer, underneath the kitchen sink, you put it into that center spot; there’s a little opening there. And you can just clear back and forth, back and forth to try and clear that chicken bone or whatever’s in there.
TOM: Now, what’s the best way to care for your new garbage disposer? Any special maintenance associated with them?
RICHARD: Never put any drain chemicals down there. It’ll eat up the seals.
TOM: Yeah, good point.
RICHARD: Don’t do that. I think – I will tell you that a lot of people put a little lemon down there or something to keep it fresh down in there. There’s not a lot of maintenance you have to do but you do have to be sure you run water whenever you’re running the disposer.
TOM: Because otherwise, you’re not going to move the food. You need some water …
RICHARD: That’s right. And it wants to keep it cool and lubricated, as well.
TOM: Yeah, good point. Richard Trethewey, the plumbing and heating contractor from TV’s This Old House, thanks so much for stopping by The Money Pit.
RICHARD: Great to be here.
LESLIE: Alright. You can catch the current season of This Old House and Ask This Old House on PBS. For your local listings and step-by-step videos on many projects and some information on how you can choose a garbage disposer, visit ThisOldHouse.com.
TOM: And This Old House and Ask This Old House are brought to you by GMC. GMC, we are professional grade. | <urn:uuid:78f63550-7072-4cf2-b4c2-f0c4de3da49f> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.moneypit.com/content/how-choose-and-install-garbage-disposer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368711005985/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516133005-00065-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940186 | 1,651 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Archive/File: people/e/eichmann.adolf/transcripts/Sessions/Session-037-05 Last-Modified: 1999/06/01 Q. German officials? A. Yes. Q. Did they all wear uniform, or were there also some in civilian clothes? A. I cannot tell you. Judge Raveh: Where was this roll call held? Witness Henschel: In the great hall of the Jewish Community, Oranienburgerstrasse 29. State Attorney Bar-Or: Do you remember a special name for this roll call or for a similar one? Witness Henschel At this roll call we were, for the first time, turned into hostages. Q. What does this mean? A. We were told: If you don't come, someone else will come in your place, and what was supposed to happen to you will happen to him. Q. Did this threat become reality on 9 November 1942? A. Yes. Q. What happened? A. Eight out of twenty hostages disappeared, and later it transpired that they were shot. Q. What happened to their families? A. Their families were put on a transport to the East at the same time. Q. Do you remember the name Brunner from Vienna? A. Yes. Q. In what connection? A. When it became clear to the authorities that the evacuation was not proceeding with the desired speed, they brought Brunner from Vienna, since he had achieved there, through fast work, what the authorities also wanted to achieve in Berlin. Presiding Judge: Who used this expression? Witness Henschel: This was talked about. The whole of Berlin talked about it. He brought with him the notorious Judenpolizei (Jews Police). State Attorney Bar-Or: Where did these Jupo people end up? Witness Henschel: They were also deported to the camps later on, and I remember some of them in Theresienstadt; they were cruelly massacred by the other Jews there after the liberation. Q. Those people who came with Brunner - which town did they come from? A. They came from Austria, whether all of them were from Vienna, that I cannot tell. Q. Did the methods really change after the arrival of Brunner? A. They changed radically, because the SS in Berlin did not fully cooperate in the evacuation of the Jewish homes. Q. Do you know anything about arrests in the streets, about round-ups? A. Yes. In order to speed up his work, Brunner began to comb the streets in broad daylight and to arrest persons wearing the Star. Only employees of the Community were exempt, as they were, after all, still needed. They were designated in such a way that the arresting policemen knew: This person must not be touched. The Star was worn here, on the left, and on the left forearm an armband made of red ticking cloth marked with a number and stamped with the Jewish Community stamp. They had a yellow permit, the size of a postcard, which had to be shown in the tramway or the bus together with the Jewish identity card. And these people were, in fact, not arrested. Presiding Judge: Who is this Brunner, is that Alois Brunner? State Attorney Bar-Or: No, this is his brother. He is no longer alive; he was sentenced in Vienna. [To the witness] What happened with the cases of suicide? Did Brunner's appearance influence the number of suicides? A. The rate increased to a frightening extent. Q. When Brunner went on vacation in December 1942 - who took his place? A. Gerbinger or Gerblinger, I am not quite sure, but he was not as rigorous. Q. At the end of January 1943, people from the leadership of the Community and the Jewish Organization were sent; who were they? A. What do you mean by "sent"? Q. Deported. A. Oh, yes, that was Dr. Eppstein. He did not have a post in the Community but in the Reichsorganisation; Rabbi Dr. Baeck, Philip Kotzover, the Deputy President of the Community, with three children, the youngest of whom was ten weeks old. Q. Philip Kotzover was deported together with his children, wasn't he? A. He was deported with his three children, the youngest of whom was ten weeks old. Q. What can you tell us about the yellow slip ("der gelbe Schein")? A. The yellow slip was connected with "Operation Brunner." They were interested in keeping a staff of officials of the Jewish Community, in order to wind up everything that could not be done without them. These people were given a yellow slip of paper which said that, for the time being, they were indispensible officials of the Community, and which also contained exact details of birth, address, number of persons in the family - signed by the President of the Community and stamped with the Community stamp. It was recommended to post this on the wall at the entrance to one's dwelling, so that the evacuation squads and the house search squads would know: This family has still to remain. Q. Mrs. Henschel, on 27 February 1943 mass arrests of Jews began at their work places, did they not? A. Yes, of those who were assigned to work, and this operation was called "Operation Concert House Clou." Q. What is the meaning of "Clou Operation?" A. "Clou" was an amusement hall, an enormous concert house and amusement hall in Berlin which could hold several thousand people, and which was not in use at that time. Q. Please tell the Court details about the events of that day, 27 February. A. The events began already the day before when my husband was ordered to the Gestapo and told to assemble several sets of equipment for small offices, and also a large contingent of medical personnel. Q. Office equipment - people or furniture? A. Typewriters, desks, secretaries. He was to have the office equipment and the staff contingents ready for the next day, so that they would be on call, to be taken to where they would be needed. Q. And this was done? A. This was done. Q. For how many people was the place prepared? A. For about 8,000. Q. Was this for Clou only or also for other places as well? A. No, there was another camp, Rosenstrasse, for those married to non-Jews. Q. Were barracks also used? A. No. Q. Only those two places? A. I think so. I never heard of any other. Q. And the next day? A. The next day, quite early in the morning, SS lorries with lots of SS people arrived at the factories and work places. The SS took control of all the telephones, and the people working there were chased into the street without their coats, without anything, in their work clothes, their coloured aprons, men and women, as they were. Q. Where were they taken? A. The majority doubtless to Konzerthaus Clou. Some, who said immediately that they had Aryan spouses were perhaps taken to Rosenstrasse. I cannot remember the other places; there may have been some, but I do not remember their names. Q. What happened to these 8,000 people? A. The 8,000 persons were detained in these places, and they began, of course, to ask questions: What is happening to my children, my children are at home, and where is my husband, he works in the factory, he is not here! The Jewish Community began to organize its staff, in order to gather the families together at least. The children were brought from the homes, where some of them had been locked in by their parents, since there was no school any more and many people did not know where to leave the children. Attempts were also made to unite husbands and wives. These efforts were almost completely successful, as far as the children were concerned, but with the grown-ups it was more difficult. Q. Where did these people finally end up? A. Insofar as they were not entitled to go to Theresienstadt or were married to Aryans - in the East. Q. This was in March 1943, wasn't it? A. No, February 1943. Q. Were there additional transports in March? A. Yes, of Community employees. Q. Please tell us in brief what happened. A. After the majority of the Jews of Berlin had been deported in February, there was no longer a need for so many officials, and in March two large transports of Community employees were recruited, one of which went to the East, and the other to Theresienstadt. Presiding Judge: How many Community employees were there before these transports? Witness Henschel: I cannot say. Q. Was it a matter of hundreds or thousands? A. Certainly thousands, since hundreds could not have managed to do the work in the many different institutions. State Attorney Bar-Or: What happened on 10 June, 1943? Witness Henschel: On 10 June 1943, at 10 o'clock in the morning, an SS man came to my husband's office at Oranienburgerstrasse 10 and told him he was under arrest since the Jewish Community had ceased to exist. Q. When were you sent to Theresienstadt? A. On 16 June 1943, we were taken from the Grosshamburger assembly camp to the Puttlitzstrasse station. Q. Together with how many people? A. Together with about 300 bedridden patients and some who could walk. Q. Are many of those who went with you then alive today? A. No, very few of our transport survived. Q. Did those who went with you remain in Theresienstadt? A. No, the majority were deported to the East, e.g., in October 1944 alone - 18,000 persons. Presiding Judge: When you and your husband went - were these the last Jews of Berlin? Witness Henschel: No. Q. Who stayed behind? A. When we had been in Theresienstadt for two or three months, another full Jewish transport arrived, and then, much later, in 1944, the mixed couples also came. Presiding Judge: Dr. Servatius, do you have questions? Dr. Servatius: I have no questions. Presiding Judge: I did not quite understand what you told us about the lack of cooperation on the part of the SS people in Berlin. Would you perhaps explain what you meant by this? Witness Henschel: To put it simply, the SS in Berlin did not show the same exceptional cruelty as the Viennese. Judge Halevi: You mentioned the deportation of 18,000 Jews from Theresienstadt in October 1944. Witness Henschel: Yes. This was spread over three weeks approximately. These were the so-called "voluntary" work transports. Q. Where were they sent? A. Without a doubt to Auschwitz, all of them. Q. I read in the lecture by your late husband, which was presented here, also about 18,000 Jews, and I understood that, in October 1944, 18,000 people arrived in Theresienstadt, so that it became so crowded. A. That was much later. On 15 April 1945, many thousands arrived in Theresienstadt from other camps which had been liberated. Q. Your husband also mentioned that gas chambers were built in Theresienstadt. A. Yes. Q. Do you also know about this? A. Yes. At the time it was not known to me, but there were people in Theresienstadt who knew about it. They were inmates of Theresienstadt who had to build them. That was on the so-called Bastei (bastion). Q. When did they build this? State Attorney Bar-Or: We shall submit more direct proof on this matter. Judge Halevi: Only the date, if she knows it. Witness Henschel: What date? Q. Of the building of the gas chambers. A. This was going on all the time. When I arrived, it was already beginning. Presiding Judge: Thank you very much, Mrs. Henschel. You have completed your evidence. We shall end the Session now. The next Session will be tomorrow at 9 a.m.
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What is the background of Jewish settlements in Palestinian Arab areas?
The land of Palestine has always been populated with religiously diverse people with Muslims maintaining a majority and having cordial relations with all the minorities. The 20th century brought a new Jewish ideology, Zionism, which called for a Zionist homeland in Palestine. With the rise of Zionism, a large number of Jewish populations started immigrating to Palestine from all over Europe, increasing the minority of Jews to 35% of the Palestinian population.
In 1947, United Nations did a historic partition in which it divided Palestine into 55% of Jews and 45% of Arab population whereas Jewish population came up to only 6% of the population. In 1948, Israel declared that it is an ‘independent’ state; however, it did not define its borders and preferred to remain a nation with undefined borders. A war followed its declaration of independence from 1947 to 1949 and Israel was created on the 78% of Palestinian land. This percentage steadily increased in later years and continues to the present day.
During the time of declaring independence and partitioning, Israel took over this 78% percent of land by depopulating more than 400 villages through spreading fear, expulsion order and massacres. Around 726,000 refugees came out of these depopulated areas. According to Moshe Dayan:
“Jewish villages were built in the place of Arab villages. You do not even know the names of these Arab villages, and I do not blame you because geography books no longer exist, not only do the books not exist, the Arab villages are not there either.”
Gradually, Israel took over the remaining 22% of Palestine, including the historic West Bank and Gaza Strip. These areas also included large sections captured from Syria and Egypt. Israel has transferred much of its population in the settlements established there, colonies which were declared illegal by the fourth Geneva Convention. At present, 40% of the West Bank is inaccessible by the Palestinians as they are not allowed to reside in that area or to pass on the Israel-only roads. Moreover, they are also not allowed to travel through the security zones surrounding these settlements.
The result of 1967 war was the establishment of what Jews called the “Greater Jerusalem” which it expanded by including the surrounding areas of the West Bank where there was less Palestinian population. They made this “new” Jerusalem their capital. Since then, Israel has established many illegal settlements in “Greater Jerusalem”, forming a Jewish majority. Although municipal government encourages establishing new households in Jerusalem, they do not allow Palestinian families to build new homes or to live in certain areas altogether due to the discrimination shown towards non-Jewish citizens.
Establishment of numerous Israeli settlements followed the 1967 war where Jews built their colonies illegally on Palestinian lands. These settlements have grown to thousands throughout the West Bank and Gaza and even in the Syrian Golan Heights. And it is due to these settlements that no just solution can be reached for the Arab-Israel conflict. Roadmap to peace regards these settlements as major blockages in peace process and calls for Israel to dismantle these settlements; however, the situation is growing worse instead of improving.
Note: This is a moderated site. Only comments that add value to the discussion will be published. | <urn:uuid:e664ea54-3e7a-4246-9003-96ee8abaa076> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.palestinefacts.org/pf_current_settlements.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704713110/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516114513-00008-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967314 | 665 | 3.140625 | 3 |
An Exhibit Filled With Cultural History.
The Chicago History Museum boasts over 22 million artifacts that can fully encompass the visitor into not only Chicago’s rich cultural history but also the United States as a whole. The exhibits focus on what it was like living, working and governing the Chicago metropolitan area as well as the art, literature and notable individuals in Chicago’s history.
A new exhibit to the Chicago History Museum is not only educating visitors on the rich Chinese culture located in Chicago, it is also changing the way we experience museums. The exhibit is called My Chinatown and it focuses on real stories from those who still live in Chinatown today. It also highlights the plights of the Chinese immigrants who moved to Chicago in the late 1800s. What is fascinating about this new exhibit is it is the first multimedia exhibit to ever be featured at the Chicago History Museum! This exhibit will allow the visitor to really feel like they are part of this Chinese culture by allowing them to experience the sights and the sounds of Chicago’s Chinatown.
If you are interesting in visiting a museum filled with cultural history, the Chicago History Museum is the right place for you. From fashion exhibits, to exhibits featuring foreign cultures, the Chicago History Museum truly has something for everyone. | <urn:uuid:2df6a222-c354-4564-8fcc-88acb4f1eca5> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.chicagoartistsresource.com/2011/11/14/an-exhibit-filled-with-cultural-history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368710006682/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516131326-00036-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968078 | 254 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Star Wars Fans Recondition Luke Skywalker’s Home on Tatooine
Fortunately, the Star Wars fans that plan to breathe new life into the Lars homestead do not have to travel to a galaxy far, far away, since the saga was shot here, on Earth.
The fans came up with this initiative two years ago, but could not take action immediately because of the lack of funds. After all, a trip to Tatooine would cost quite a lot, provided that we even had the means to get there, anyway. These fans, however, knew where the Tatooine scenes were shot back in the ’70s, so they had an idea about where to head to. With the support of Lucas Arts’ Head of Fan Relations and of the fans, of course, the Star Wars saviours, as they are referred to, raised $10,000 in ten months and proceeded to restoring Luke Skywalker’s home.
“Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope” from 1977 was not the only movie from the saga to feature the Lars homestead, as it also made an appearance in ”Star Wars Episode 2: Attack of the Clones” (2002) and ”Star Wars Episode 3: Revenge of the Sith” (2005). However, nobody cared about it afterwards and it was left at the mercy of deserts winds and extreme temperatures. Nobody except Mark Dermul and his team, that is.
Restoring the homestead did not take very much time. The team reconditioned it in a week, and the progress that they made each day was shot and posted on Mark Dermul’s YouTube channel. While not extremely time-consuming, the restoration was nevertheless a challenge, as the team had to work in 46-degrees Celsius heat. However, from what we can see in the pictures and in the following video, we believe it was totally worth it. Maybe this will encourage more people to restore structures from all over the world that were used in movies.
The tricky part about this restoration project is that the team, coordinated by Mark Dermul, reconditioned both the interior and the exterior of the iconic Star Wars igloo, but these are 250 km apart in the Tunisian desert. A short clip found on Mark’s YouTube channel demonstrates movie magic. The team is first shown outside the Lars homestead and then inside. Considering the distance between the two places, this could very well be interpreted as magic by unknowing people.
Additional info and pictures related to the Save the Lars Homestead project can be found on Mark Dermul‘s website. | <urn:uuid:34358f54-f7b5-440a-81de-619b6cb29c1a> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://walyou.com/luke-skywalkers-home/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368707435344/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516123035-00071-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970571 | 546 | 1.546875 | 2 |
One hundred and seventy-nine dead soldiers. For what? 179,000 dead Iraqis? Or is the real figure closer to a million? We don't know. And we don't care. We never cared about the Iraqis. That's why we don't know the figure. That's why we left Basra yesterday.
I remember going to the famous Basra air base to ask how a poor Iraqi boy, a hotel receptionist called Bahr Moussa, had died. He was kicked to death in British military custody. His father was an Iraqi policeman. I talked to him in the company of a young Muslim woman. The British public relations man at the airport was laughing. "I don't believe this," my Muslim companion said. "He doesn't care." She did. So did I. I had reported from Northern Ireland. I had heard this laughter before. Which is why yesterday's departure should have been called the Day of Bahr Moussa. Yesterday, his country was set free from his murderer. At last.
History is a hard taskmaster. In my library, I have an original copy of General Angus Maude's statement to the people of Baghdad - $2,000, it cost me, at a telephone auction a few days before we invaded Iraq in 2003, but it is worth every cent. "Our military operations have as their object," Maude announced, "the defeat of the enemy... our armies do not come into your cities and lands as conquerors or enemies, but as liberators." And so it goes on. Maude, I should add, expired shortly afterwards because he declined to boil his milk in Baghdad and died of cholera.
There followed a familiar story. The British occupation force was opposed by an Iraqi resistance - "terrorists", of course - and the British destroyed a town called Fallujah and demanded the surrender of a Shiite cleric and British intelligence in Baghdad claimed that "terrorists" were crossing the border from Syria, and Lloyd George - the Blair-Brown of his age - then stood up in the House of Commons and said that there would be "anarchy" in Iraq if British troops left. Oh dear.
Even repeating these words is deeply embarrassing. Here, for example, is a letter written by Nijris ibn Qu'ud to a British intelligence agent in 1920: "You cannot treat us like sheep... it is we Iraqi who are the brains of the Arab nation... You are given a short time to clear out of Mesopotamia. If you don't go you will be driven out."
So let us turn at last to T E Lawrence. Yes, Lawrence of Arabia. In The Sunday Times on 22 August 1920, he wrote of Iraq that the people of England "had been led in Mesopotamia into a trap from which it will be hard to escape with dignity and honour. They have been tricked into it by a steady withholding of information... Things have been far worse than we have been told, our administration more bloody and inefficient than the public knows." Even more presciently, Lawrence had written that the Iraqis had not risked their lives in battle to become British subjects. "Whether they are fit for independence or not remains to be tried. Merit is no justification for freedom."
Alas not. Iraq, begging around Europe now that its oil wealth has run out, is a pitiful figure. But it is a little bit freer than it was. We have destroyed its master and our friend (a certain Saddam) and now, with our own dead clanking around our heels, we are getting out yet again. Till next time... | <urn:uuid:ecd878a6-309b-4694-b003-dd507c322c39> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.zcommunications.org/a-historic-day-for-iraq-by-robert-fisk | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368711005985/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516133005-00063-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982824 | 737 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Salmonella is a food-borne bacteria that doesn’t discriminate, and this month it's eggs under the infectious-disease microscope. Remember when Salmonella was a tomato thing? A jalapeño problem? A peanut panic? But if you listened to the pig-headed Humane Society of the United States, you’d mistakenly believe vegetarian foods are exempt from carrying the bug.
By now we’re all aware of the ongoing recall of about 380 million eggs following a nationwide spike in cases of salmonella poisoning. And since every bit of news about animal protein has a corresponding HSUS press release, the animal rights group has already issued a statement from its favorite “Dr. Doom” spokesman.
Michael Greger, HSUS’s vegan public health expert, is stirring up panic to demand that egg farmers go “cage free” in order to reduce egg consumers’ salmonella risk. Here’s the central claim in HSUS’s press release (emphasis added):
Every scientific study published in recent yearsshows that confining hens in cages results in significantly increased Salmonella risk, including a 2010 study that found 7 times greater odds of Salmonella Enteriditis contamination in operations caging hens.
“Every scientific study” doesn’t leave a lot of wiggle room for interpretation. Not “most” studies, or “many” — but “every” study, they’re claiming, concludes that cage free (or abstaining from egg consumption, thus sparing the chickens) is the way to go.
But is it true? The answer is a definitive “no.”
For starters, the 2010 study from the Veterinary Record journal—the only study that HSUS actually cites in its press statement—doesn’t offer such an unqualified conclusion. The study’s authors write that while there might be slightly less bacteria present in “cage free” flocks, that's mainly because the flocks are smaller. And there’s actually no way to tell whether that translates into any health risk to people.
So what other research has HSUS conveniently ignored? There’s the 2009 Swedish study found that bacteria levels among hens kept in "floor housing systems" (i.e., "cage free") were more than three times greater than those found where hens were kept in cages, mostly because cage-free hens are exposed to a lot more bacteria-laden dust. And HSUS also must have skipped over a 2008 study published in Japan’s Journal of Poultry Science that concluded: “No significant differences could be found in prevalence of Salmonella between laying hens reared in conventional and enriched cages and aviary."
Back in the states, a 2005 study published in the U.S. journal Poultry Science compared salmonella levels in “aviary” (cage free) and “battery cage” housing systems with various methods of handling manure. It found: “The system with the lowest chance of infection was the cage system with wet manure.”
In other words, recent research puts a lot of bulletholes in HSUS’s “every scientific study” nonsense. Eggs may carry a tiny risk of bearing a contagion, but so have vegan fare like tomatoes and jalapeño peppers and peanut butter in the past. Which means HSUS’s moral imperative isn’t all it’s cracked up to be. | <urn:uuid:db26b280-9d0b-4379-98c5-99096d3c9f0c> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.consumerfreedom.com/2010/08/4241-hsuss-salmonella-certainty-is-a-yolk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696383156/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092623-00012-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930319 | 744 | 2.828125 | 3 |