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CORPUS CHRISTI — A $1.5 million expansion to quadruple the space in the Waco-based Texas Ranger Research Center will be named for legendary South Texans Tobin and Anne Armstrong.
The research center, part of the Texas Ranger Hall of Fame and Museum, was established in 1976 for people interested in the Texas Rangers, said Byron Johnson, the museum’s executive director.
Before Anne Armstrong, the former U.S. ambassador to Great Britain, died in July 2008, she agreed to use her name and fundraising prowess to expand the facility, which serves as the official repository and library for the Texas Rangers.
Armstrong’s late husband, Tobin, a former Kenedy County commissioner who died in 2005, was the grandson of former Texas Ranger John Armstrong. He captured bandit John Wesley Hardin and used the reward to buy the Kenedy County property that would become the 50,000-acre Armstrong Ranch.
“We knew we had to expand the library, and our board went to Mrs. Armstrong,” Johnson said, “and said, ‘Your family has a direct relationship to the Texas Rangers, and you are one of the most distinguished ladies in Texas and the United States.’ ”
Collectively, the Armstrong family, led by two of the Armstrongs’ children, Tobin Jr. and Sarita Hixon, has raised about $540,000 for the research center project. The city of Waco has matched, Johnson said.
Donations in memory of Anne Armstrong have come from retired admirals and presidential cabinet members, former President George H.W. Bush and former White House Chief of Staff Karl Rove.
“The donors list is going to look like a who’s who,” Johnson said.
The project is short about $400,000, but the family and museum are still raising money. Houston-based architect James McBride donated his time and services, Johnson said. The research center expansion is expected to break ground next spring.
McBride will visit the Armstrong Ranch to draw inspiration for the design, which he started, McBride and Tobin Armstrong Jr. said. | <urn:uuid:489dc8fd-c509-4fc3-9d20-cb3b597abe20> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.caller.com/news/2009/aug/08/armstrong-name-set-to-grace-research-center/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698207393/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095647-00022-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966375 | 451 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Reviving the Rum Trade
The news that the Federal government plans to establish a huge corporation in the Virgin Islands to produce rum must appear as glad tidings to the people of the United States as well as to the inhabitants of the islands. For the natives it promises to end the poverty-stricken condition which has been the lot of almost the entire population since this country acquired the islands from Denmark in 1917, and should bring about an economic rehabilitation which should be the sounder and the more enduring for being based upon a cooperative corporation that will give the inhabitants their share of the profits.
In addition to solving the difficult problem of what to do with the apparently useless islands this latest effort of the administration should open to the United States a large supply of good, cheap rum. This will undoubtedly be a lever with which the government may force the distillers to lower their exorbitant prices, for the rum will be admitted duty-free and should be sold at a moderate price. With a supply of cheap rum available the few large companies now controlling the whiskey traffic should soon be brought to their knees and forced to sell their products at a reasonable price.
There is, of course, the danger--and it is by no means a slight one--that prices of rum will be maintained on about the present level by the retail liquor stores and that they will simply pocket the extra profit. If this happens the Federal government should take steps to insure the sale of the rum at a decent price to the consumer, for the whole project is being financed by the government out of the funds of the Public Works Administration, and in view of this public character of the work it should certainly not be permitted to become merely a means of enriching private interests that have already shown themselves among the most avaricious and unscrupulous on record. | <urn:uuid:5c4aff13-488e-4a82-bbb0-eac1b46a67c9> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1934/3/15/yesterday-pthe-news-that-the-federal/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699881956/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516102441-00035-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964301 | 365 | 2.1875 | 2 |
"Finally, I found a system that makes writing a high-scoring SAT Essay almost inevitable, even for the average student!"
This system is contained in an e-book called "The SAT Essay Formula That Gets High Scores" and it makes preparing for the SAT Essay easy and fun!
Imagine opening your exam booklet, reading over the prompt, asking yourself just a few questions which you write down and in two minutes you know just what to write and your pencil is flying over the page.
This isn't fantasy. "The SAT Essay Formula" is a breakthrough program that teaches you how to ask just the right questions to trigger your brain to come up with logical answers very quickly. You then learn a set of easy questions that help you organize your ideas rapidly. You no longer have to fear facing that blank page.
The first time I taught students this system I was amazed at what happened. I asked my students a set of simple questions I came up with as I wrote answers to SAT Essay prompts. My students answered the questions, organized their answers on paper and wrote their best essays. I was so excited I bragged to all the other teachers at the test prep center.
Would you like to know these simple questions that enabled my students to write higher quality essays faster than ever before?
The system of questions in "The SAT Formula", became my student's internal guide to writing their essays, as with a little practice they no longer needed me to ask them questions. They had memorized them in just a few days. By the end of the course I felt like they didn't even need a teacher anymore!
With the questions, knowledge and exercises in "The SAT Essay Formula" they became more effective, intelligent and powerful writers!
"This book helps the student to better scrutinize and tighten up their writing by using a system of questions to help organize ideas before the writing (putting pen to paper) begins.
The essay checklists and the bonuses at the end of the book are very valuable tools and all add to the quality and usefulness of this book. I believe that if a student read through this book just once, and does the exercises, his or her SAT scores for the essay section of the SAT will increase. A valuable SAT test tool."
One student of mine had very low essay scores at the beginning of my course. He often scored a 6 out of 12. Within a few weeks he was getting essay scores of 10 and 11.
In fact his writing improved so much that after the course he sent me this letter.
Hello Mr. Daut,
I would just like to thank you for the excellent writing techniques you have taught me as they have continued to help me in my school. Today we had a timed writing assignment (in my Language Arts class) and after the essay I felt like I was able to present the logic and evidence much clearer and more effectively than before your writing classes.
Therefore, I would like to thank you.
Can you imagine how well you will write with the knowledge and skills you will gain in "The SAT Essay Formula?"
"Author Rodney Daut has written a concise and informative book on how to understand, prepare and write the SAT essays (although you can use the tips for ANY type of writing).
The book gives you detailed instructions on each aspect of essay writing, then offers practical exercises in order to practice what you have just read.
The book is divided in sections and takes a detailed look at each. I really like the section in which Daut takes "a look" at what the SAT graders are really looking for.
I also like the fact that this book is short - so no padding here - only the helpful and informative that you need on the subject matter.
This is a must for anyone who needs to learn how to write essays."
Powerful Skills You Need To Succeed On The SAT Essay
The research shows that longer essays tend to get higher scores. So in my book I also teach the following fast-writing skills that allow you to write a quality essay with great length.
In it you'll discover...
- The truth about how SAT essay prompts are written and how you can use this knowledge to literally break down the prompt into simple manageable elements in 60 seconds flat.
- Three steps that allow you to transform any essay prompt into an easy to follow guide for writing the essay. (Once you learn this you'll no longer waste precious time trying to figure out what to say.)
- How to write perfect paragraphs quickly by keeping one writing principle in mind. (This idea is taught everywhere but rarely applied in THIS way)
- How to prepare your examples so most of your essay is written before you've even seen the test. (Using this revolutionary idea allowed some students to finish writing before time was up on test day.)
- And several other techniques that dramatically improve your ability to write a quality essay very quickly.
Also included in the book are powerful tips based on research into how the SAT Essay is scored. This research was conducted seperately by Dr. Les Perelman of MIT and Adam Robinson who sits on the board of the Princeton Review.
From this research I discovered the following ideas that I've included in The SAT Essay Formula:
- The one simple thing most students don't do that can dramatically increase their SAT scores. (This tactic is easy to implement yet rarely used.)
- How SAT graders really grade your essay and how you can use this knowledge to boost your score. (This information is not on the College Board web site--they say this isn't true but I've got proof that it is.)
- Why what's being taught in English classes can actually hurt your SAT Essay scores. (Even though SAT graders are English teachers they don't teach these ideas because they don't apply to all writing situations.)
- Why doing just this one thing wrong can dramatically reduce your essay score. (It's so easy to avoid once you know what it is.)
- What kind of paragraph gets the highest scores from graders. (These paragraphs have only four features. When you learn them you'll watch your score rise.)
- How you can impress graders with your first paragraph every time by using any one of five simple and easy to remember ideas. (These ideas are so simple it's hard to believe they work but they do. Similar tactics are used by professional writers to engage readers.)
- You'll learn how to push a graders hot buttons by using any one of six tactics to conclude your essay. (They will feel they must reward you when they see how insightful you can be.)
- How knowing who the graders are can help you choose what to write about in your essay. (Keeping this one principle in mind keeps students from making BIG mistakes.)
So now you may be wondering...
How Much Does The SAT Essay Formula Cost?
My students had to pay $800 to attend my special SAT Essay course in which I first shared and developed the information contained in this book.
Some SAT courses run in the thousands of dollars.
Honestly, I loved teaching those courses; I loved seeing my students improve after every class. But I don't think it's right that only students whose parents make a sizeable income could afford to enroll.
That's why I created The SAT Essay Formula – so that students of any income level can get the highest scores of which they are capable.
Although a print version of this book would cost $24.95, I am able to offer the electronic version of this book at reduced cost due to the efficiency of the Internet. So you get "The SAT Essay Formula" for only $14.95. That's a savings of $10.00.
This includes the simple thought-provoking questions that make ideas flow, dozens of exercises, many examples of high-scoring essays and the following bonuses.:
Bonus #1-The best quotes to use in SAT Essays.
These are quotes that can be used in a variety of essay prompts for the SAT and also in school assignments. A $10 value.
Bonus #2-SAT Scoring Policies of 374 top schools.
How much weight will the writing section carry with the school your student applies to? This report tells you. A $10 value.
Bonus #3-The best free SAT resources on the net.
This report took weeks to compile. It tells where you can get free practice tests graded online and essays graded for free by computer. I've personally reviewed these resources and found them to be effective. A $10 value.
All the bonuses combined would cost $30.00 if purchased separately. So when you get The SAT Essay Formula you actually get a package worth $44.95 for just $14.95. That's a savings of $30.00.
And if that weren't enough…
The value of this book goes well beyond getting a good SAT Essay score. The first principle of SAT Essay success that I share in my book is the same principle that took me from getting B's on college in-class-essay-exams to A's (you'll find that special tip I learned from a fellow student on page 13 of The SAT Essay Formula). This tip does NOT involve studying longer hours, it's a secret to effective academic writing that all students should know.
And according to many reviewers of my book you'll learn writing skills you can use in college and life.
These writing skills make you more valuable to employers. According to the California Job Journal
As workers try to gain promotions, they'll stand a much better chance if they can write directly and accurately. Those without that ability will find themselves relegated to lower-paying positions.
Nine out of the top 24 highest paying jobs in America require significant writing skills (the lowest paying of these jobs makes over $100,000 a year).
So by choosing to improve your writing skills today, you could be ensuring that you make more money over your lifetime.
My book also comes with a no questions asked, 365 day money back guarantee. If you don't feel this book is worth 10 times it's cost request a refund and you'll get it!
Just think the same improvement in writing skills you'll get through this program will more than pay for the book!
You'll be breezing through the essay section of the SAT with only a few weeks of practice!
But don't take my word for it. See for yourself. Just click on the "I want to succeed", button below and you'll be taken to an order form.
Paypal processes all credit card payments and you DON'T need to have a Paypal account to order my e-book. Click here for instructions on how to order without a paypal account.
In just a few minutes you will have the keys to SAT Essay Success and a dramatically improved chance of getting into the college of your dreams!
Author of "The SAT Essay Formula That Gets High Scores",
PS: If you don't send in your order I'll assume that you don't have a computer that you can do homework on because I know you would buy this book if you did! What person who wants to get into college wouldn't buy this book?!
PPS: Look. You only have a few chances to take the SAT. After the Fall of your senior year it's too late. Why wait any longer?
PPPS: Still not sure? Send me a message using my contact form and I'll answer any questions you have. | <urn:uuid:43d6827b-887c-4b1d-829b-d71b598615e8> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.sat-essay.net/sat-ebook.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368708142388/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516124222-00016-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967334 | 2,377 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Get matched with careers that could fit your personality.
Character traits can go a long way in determining how successful and satisfied you'll be in your career.
Just ask career experts Michael Farr and Laurence Shatkin.
"Your personality type affects your satisfaction with the job, your productivity in it, and the likelihood that you will persist in this type of work," write Farr and Shatkin in their book "Best Jobs for Your Personality".
This connection between personality and careers became the focus of researcher John L. Holland's studies in the 1950s, when he developed six personality types as they related to occupations:
Keep reading to find your personality type. Then see which careers are a good fit for you.
Personality Type #1: Realistic
If you like hands-on work, then you likely fit into the realistic personality type. "Doers," as they are also known, generally enjoy projects that require tools or machines. Realistic personality types are employed by the largest number of occupations, according to authors Farr and Shatkin.
Smart career options for realistic personality types include chefs and head cooks ($44,240, average annual salary*) and computer hardware engineers ($101,410*).
Careers for realistic personalities can also be found in the health care industry, including pharmacy technicians and physical therapist assistants ($48,590*).
Personality Type #2: Investigative
Do you love to analyze and solve complex problems? Do you consider yourself naturally curious? Are fact-finding missions your idea of a great time? If you answered yes to any of these questions, chances are good that you fall into the investigative personality category.
Careers that require workers to exercise their mental muscles - like actuaries ($97,450*) and personal financial advisors ($94,180*) - are best suited for investigative personality types. To prepare for these types of positions, earning a bachelor's degree in accounting or finance could be helpful.
Most investigative occupations require looking for clues and facts in order to get their work done, making paralegals ($50,080*), who assist lawyers in research and investigation, another great career option. To prepare for this position, earning a certificate or associate's degree in paralegal studies is a great step.
Personality Type #3: Artistic
As an artistic type, you find passion in creative expression. You're big on self-expression and thinking outside the proverbial box. When it comes to following rules, you're at your best when working independently or in situations others find too disorganized.
Occupations for artistic types involve working with forms, designs, and patterns. Career options for artistic personalities include graphic and web designers ($47,820*) and animators ($62,810*).
In today's high-tech job market, workers with an "artsy" side are finding themselves in demand. To prepare for a career in this field, degree programs in graphic design, web design, or animation can push you in the right direction.
Personality Type #4: Social
The gift of gab can yield wonderful dividends if you consider yourself a social personality type. Working with tools and instruments isn't your best fit. Social personalities prefer work situations where they can help others learn and develop.
Good fit careers for social personalities generally revolve around care giving and helping others. Registered nurses ($66,530*) and mental health counselors ($41,710*) are just a few examples. Look into nursing and health care schools to help you prepare.
Another career option for social personalities is high school teacher ($55,150*). To get into this field, earning a degree in the subject you want to teach and completing a teacher prep program could offer great experience.
Personality Type #5: Enterprising
Are you a self-starter with a knack for seeing projects through from beginning to end? You may just fall into the enterprising personality type. You're most interested in persuading others to help your visions turn into reality. Rather than thinking about getting something done, you go right ahead and act on your impulses.
Enterprising occupations are found in competitive work environments where strong leadership is needed. If that type of environment sounds right for you, consider pursuing a financial manager position ($113,730*).
Careers that require selling or influencing opinion - like marketing manager ($120,070*) or public relations specialist ($59,370*) - are also good options. To get into this line of work, earning a bachelor's degree in marketing/communications is a helpful start.
Personality Type #6: Conventional
A conventional personality type prefers to follow the guidelines and rules of tasks at hand. You do things "by the book," which means you are prone to getting the details just right. When exacting standards must be met, you are reliable and have the ability to organize and keep matters in an orderly fashion. Chaos, most likely, is the bane of your existence.
Two potential careers for conventional personality types are accountant ($67,430*) and bookkeeping clerk ($34,750*). To prepare for these careers and put your conventional skill set to good use, consider accounting degree programs as a starting point.
Other careers for conventional personalities include pharmacy technicians ($28,940*) and dental assistants ($34,000*).
*Average annual income as reported by the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, in May 2009. | <urn:uuid:13b4f88b-e8a3-4018-840a-df21f7ccc898> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://education.yahoo.net/articles/personality_careers.htm?wid=1004&svkid=MQNE | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699881956/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516102441-00014-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941444 | 1,110 | 1.835938 | 2 |
By Lady Liberty
Of all the horrible things that Nazi Germany showed the world, perhaps the saddest was summed up by the Reverend Martin Niemoller in 1945 when he wrote:
In just a few sentences, Rev. Niemoller conveyed the tragedy of those whose own fear or apathy permits the destruction of things and lives others hold dear even as the eventual destruction of all they themselves love becomes more inevitable with precedent. In looking back some 60-odd years, I doubt there are any who would suggest that that the Nazi government offered its citizens too many good things. To be sure, as the saying goes, "Hindsight is 20/20." At the same time, we're supposed to be learning from the lessons of the past, and few lessons are clearer than those of Hitler's regime. That's why I cringe whenever I hear people say things like, "Well, if you don't have anything to hide..." or "Well, if it keeps us safer..."
Following the 1919 signing of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany's Weimar Republic instituted strict gun control, including registration, in part to comply with the treaty. While there are some who claim that it was this statute that allowed Hitler to take such draconian steps as he later did, this is not strictly true. In fact, it was the Nazi government that passed legislation relaxing some of the earlier gun control laws. The problem was that, along with making it easier for law-abiding German citizens to obtain and keep firearms, the 1938 law also prohibited certain "enemies" of the German state from having guns. Among those named as "enemies" were Jews. Using earlier registration lists to confiscate the formerly lawfully owned weapons from Jews, the almost immediate follow-up was the German officials' infamous Kristallnacht attack on Jews and Jewish-owned businesses.
Today, there are those who would urge registration — and localized areas which require registration already — in the guise of preventing gun crime. The reality, of course, has resulted in such strictly controlled access to firearms causing some of the highest crime rates in the country in cities like Chicago, New York, and Washington DC. But gun control advocates frequently ignore such facts and suggest instead that law abiding citizens who intend no harm with their legally purchased guns shouldn't have any problems registering them. I would guess that almost all of the Jews in Germany were law-abiding citizens, and that those who had guns had purchased them lawfully. But because they also complied with the laws demanding registration, the list was immediately available to enable Nazi officials to collect them up thus rendering them utterly defenseless for what followed.
In Nazi Germany, if people wanted to travel, they needed to have their identity papers as well as a permit to travel. These documents were checked frequently during the course of their route. Those who didn't have the papers, or who were discovered to have forgeries, faced very real and draconian consequences. Border crossings, of course, required special permissions from the government, and those of certain religious persuasions (read "Jewish") were lucky if they managed to escape the confines of the country at all.
Today, we're essentially numbed to the requirement for identity papers of our own. We get driver's licenses without a second thought, and present them on request (those of us who refuse are, according to the Supreme Court, unreasonable at best and liable for criminal charges to boot). We seem to think that drunk driving checkpoints are okay as long as they have the potential to keep us any safer (and the Supreme Court has said that such checkpoints aren't a violation of our Fourth Amendment rights, so we'd best play along). And heaven forbid you might actually travel to another country for an "unapproved" reason! Several New York City students learned that lesson to their own chagrin when they returned from an Islamic conference in Canada. Despite being able to demonstrate their citizenship and being entirely cooperative with the authorities, they were held, fingerprinted, and questioned for more than six hours.
It's simple enough to say that you don't drive drunk, so the checkpoints are fine with you. But the fact that the majority of us seem sanguine where drunk driving checkpoints are concerned — and that the Supreme Court seems inclined to think they're okay — has resulted in the impaired driving checkpoint (searching for any kind of illicit substance), the "you'd better be wearing a seatbelt, it's for your own good" checkpoint, as well as the random "we're just looking for witnesses" checkpoint. And, of course, once your vehicle is stopped and you effectively consent for a search, pretty much anything is fair game as far as the police are concerned except, of course, your Fourth and Fifth Amendment rights. And woe to you if you don't consent to a search. I've personally seen the the police at what is ostensibly a drunk driving checkpoint cull such vehicles out for further <ahem> investigation.
You might not be a Muslim, either, and so you believe that the extra attention at the borders or at airports doesn't really matter to you since you're not affected by it. The problem is that you are. To ease the burden of determining who warrants that extra attention, the US Census (constitutionally authorized only to enumerate citizens for the purposes of drawing Congressional districts) now includes a variety of questions not the least of which involve your race, and some forms ask about your religion as well. Although supposedly confidential, Census information was used in the Civil War to determine targets as well as in the World War II era to locate and inter Japanese-Americans. And don't even think about not answering Census questions! Unauthorized in their scope or not, it's a crime to refuse to tell all. And if you think the questions in 2000 were invasive, just wait 'til 2010! Fred Gielow wrote a tongue-in-cheek version of the questions anticipated to be on the next Census forms, and published it on the Internet. It would be pretty funny if it weren't so horrifyingly possible.
The recently passed REAL ID Act — a supposed hedge against illegal immigration — is, in reality, a national ID card which will do much more than merely identify citizens. It will also include private data about them on a machine-readable strip. We don't know yet what that data will include since the law indicates that will be up to the Department of Homeland Security to decide. But you can almost certainly lay money on it being comprehensive and including identifiers like fingerprints. To add insult to injury, it will actually decrease security. (Read more about REAL ID, what makes it such a bad idea, and current actions you can take at UnRealID.com.) Of course, you're okay with this because you have nothing to hide...
Well, neither did Ian W. and Alexis C., two young students at a Wisconsin school. And yet the two were summarily strip-searched by a state child welfare agency worker. Not only were the children's parents not notified or asked for consent, but the school was told specifically not to contact the parents. Obviously, the news got out anyway, and now the parents are suing (and who could blame them?). And students at a high school in Goose Creek, South Carolina didn't have anything to hide, but they were forced to cower in a hallway as armed cops and drug dogs terrorized them in a fruitless search for contraband. The audacity of these actions alone is indicative of an attitude that seems to be duplicated everywhere: We know best, and it's for your own good.
The dozens of drug war victims listed on a tribute site on the Internet also had nothing to hide (there are many more who are not listed here, but who suffered no less at the hands of government agents who were mistaken, overreacting, or overreaching). Simply having nothing to hide is meaningless when it comes down to whether or not you'll be victimized by one government agency or another these days.
There was a time when only the most dangerous of criminals was humiliated by a strip search prior to being entered into a prison population where others might be at risk from a hidden weapon. It wasn't long ago that cause was required before police could stop you, hold you for questioning, or pat you down. Now all you need to do is want to fly somewhere. First, of course, you must buy your ticket in an approved manner (using cash could mark you as a possible terrorist or drug dealer). Secondly, you must consent to the possibility of random searches rather than those determined by suspicion. And finally, starting this summer at some major airports, every passenger will be stripped naked just to be certain he or she isn't carrying anything prohibited.
So rest peacefully in your assumption that none of the invasive new laws or procedures applies to you because you don't have anything to hide. You'll be just fine as long as the police never make a mistake. You won't be a target of an investigation as long as you don't want to do anything to generate suspicion, like drive, work, open a bank account, or rent an apartment. Your name won't be on myriad databases encouraged by government regulation and your identity won't be stolen as long as you never buy anything, never misplace anything, never tell anyone anything, and never, ever send e-mails or fill out online forms. You won't be humiliated in front of strangers by being forced to stand naked as photos are taken of your unclothed body provided you never fly again.
You will, in fact, remain utterly free as long as you do absolutely nothing. And as long as you choose to do nothing, the scope of freedom for everyone else — even those who, like you, have nothing to hide — will continue to narrow.
Lady Liberty is a graphic designer and pro-freedom activist currently residing in the Midwest. More of her writings and other political and educational information is available on her web site, Lady Liberty's Constitution Clearing House, at http://www.ladylibrty.com. E-mail Lady Liberty at email@example.com.
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© 1996-2013, Enter Stage Right and/or its creators. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:fa048069-c501-4129-a7a6-2c98cfda2c08> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.enterstageright.com/archive/articles/0605/0605applicable.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368708766848/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125246-00022-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980608 | 2,096 | 2.109375 | 2 |
An EDC-sponsored after-school project where girls produce videos about careers in science and engineering recently received a donation of “flip cameras.” The cameras will enable the girls to produce Web-based personal vignettes in which they explore their dream careers.
“The flip cameras are small, portable, and fun to use,” says EDC’s Deidre Searcy. At about $100 apiece, the cameras are also easier to loan out and cheaper to replace than conventional models. “Thanks to the donation, every girl in the project can share her daily life,” she says.
Known as Girls Communicating Career Connections (GC3), the program involves seven middle school girls from the Young Women’s Leadership Charter School in Chicago and will expand to sites in Boston and Salt Lake City. The videos will be featured on EDC’s FunWorks Web site. GC3 is funded by the National Science Foundation.
Originally published on May 1, 2008 | <urn:uuid:d7a935f5-0afc-42f4-8ef0-963cefb8a625> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.edc.org/newsroom/articles/girls_flip_science_and_engineering | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368708766848/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125246-00012-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950842 | 208 | 2.1875 | 2 |
The priorities that move Enel are the value of generation, fight against climate change, dialogue with the communities in which it operates and employee safety. Specifically, Enel reaffirms its commitment in a perspective of sustainable growth according to precise guidelines:
1. Governance: Enel commits to reinforce a system inspired by the highest standards of transparency and fairness in corporate governance. A system that is set to ensure:
- the creation of value for shareholders;
- service quality for customers;
- the control of corporate risk;
- transparency for the market;
- the reconciliation of the interests of all shareholders, with particular regard to small ones;
- awareness of the social importance of the activities in which Enel is engaged.
2. People: Enel ensures the safety of whoever is involved in its activities, respecting the “value of the individual” in the sphere of his or her personal and collective interests, including human rights, labour health, training and equal opportunities.
Enel believes in principles regarding the essential rights of workers and commits to their observance, promoting and nacting them in every country in which it operates, always respecting diversity.
The activities of the Group include involving clients and consumers and communicating with them, promoting sustainable behaviours.
3. Climate strategy: In order to reduce global CO2 emissions, Enel reaffirms the need to adopt strategies that improve every country’s’ commitment, recognising capabilities and legitimate development expectations.
This commitment is achieved not only by strongly increasing electricity production’s by applying “zero emissions” technologies, but also by firmly changing consumption models.
4. Environment: in order to reduce environmental impact of its activities, Enel aims at improving performances and initiatives aimed to recover and reuse resources. The Group invests in innovative research and in the best available technologies, apt to reduce pollutant emissions and to manage discharges and waste.
5. Research and development: the aim is to ensure reliable electricity and to promote sustainable development, focusing on renewable sources, biofuels and carbon capture and storage. | <urn:uuid:dfceb861-d32f-41db-85cc-29565ca2c7ee> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.enel.com/en-GB/sustainability/our_responsibility/Sustainability_commitment/priority/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368710006682/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516131326-00015-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936085 | 423 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Smokers' beliefs about “Light” and “Ultra Light” cigarettes
- aPinney Associates and *University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, bPinney Associates, Seattle, Washington, USA, cGlaxoSmithKline, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, dPinney Associates, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Saul Shiffman, PhD, Pinney Associates, 201 North Craig Street, Suite 320, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
OBJECTIVE To assess beliefs about the tar and nicotine delivery characteristics and health benefits of Light and Ultra Light cigarettes among cigarette smokers.
DESIGN Random digit dialed telephone survey conducted in September 1999.
SUBJECTS Daily smokers (n = 2120) of Regular (46%), Light (39%), and Ultra Light (15%) cigarettes in the USA. The sample was weighted to match the US smoker population on age, sex, and ethnicity.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Beliefs about Light and Ultra Light cigarettes were summarised on three dimensions: Safety (reduced health risk), Delivery (lowered tar and nicotine delivery), and Sensation (less harsh).
RESULTS Most smokers believed Lights and Ultra Lights were less harsh and delivered less tar and nicotine. On average, smokers believed that Lights afforded a 25% reduction in risk, and Ultra Lights a 33% reduction in risk. Light and Ultra Light cigarette smokers evaluated the risks of their own cigarette types more favourably. Light smokers had greater interest in quitting than Ultra Light smokers. Quitting intention was modestly related to beliefs about these cigarettes. Believing that Lights and Ultra Lights delivered less tar and nicotine and that they were less harsh each independently contributed to the belief that these cigarettes were safer.
CONCLUSIONS Many Light and Ultra Light smokers believe that smoking these cigarettes impart a substantial health benefit, due in part to their experience that these cigarettes are less harsh and the belief that these cigarettes deliver less tar. | <urn:uuid:b4f11b24-a724-44fa-a954-d61a0800d653> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/10/suppl_1/i17.abstract | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697380733/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516094300-00008-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916091 | 398 | 2.28125 | 2 |
A one-day tour of the oil and gas industry was organized for students on August 4, 2010. A total of 18 students visited Saudi Aramco where they were introduced to the Oil and Gas Business. The tour started with a presentation on the different disciplines of the industry such as exploration, drilling and production, followed by a 3D movie describing the industry’s role in supplying the world with needed energy.
The tour was concluded with a visit to Saudi Aramco’s Event Solution Center. At the center, students were familiarized with how the center functions and how its multidisciplinary team integrates data to achieve successful decision in a timely manner. | <urn:uuid:d8092745-bbb9-46f6-a45b-acb222c2f39e> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.spe.org/now/2010/12/saudi-arabia-students-visit-saudi-aramco/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706153698/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120913-00050-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97365 | 133 | 1.53125 | 2 |
The current electoral system in the UK is probably unfair to minor parties who may have a large proportion of votes nationally, but do not have any overall majorities in their constituencies.
The current coalition government aims to reform this system so that MPs sit in the House of Commons based on the overall % of votes that their party received.
This would mean a loss of the direct relationship between MPs and constituencies where each MP represents their local area. However, it may result in a more mixed house of commons with more representation of the Green Party, UKIP, BNP etc
Would that hinder the decision making process? There would be a greater risk of no one party having an overall majority in the future and result in more coalition governments... Would that mean second opinions will be given more consideration?
Also, the House of Lords is currently made up of about 100 hereditary Lords and about 600 peers who are appointed by the PM but not democratically elected... does this provide scope for legislative corruption? or does the permanency of their positions allow them to make unpopular decisions without fear of reprisal?
bit of a nerdy topic, i suppose... | <urn:uuid:f117312b-9b7f-4ddc-a6f5-8961acd3c9a0> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.zymic.com/forum/lofiversion/index.php/t23436.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698924319/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516100844-00065-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967152 | 226 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Christmas celebration starts as early as September when people are excited about the most anticipated celebration every year. It is when people start to be more loving and giving, like on gifts and the like. For me, it is a celebration of the gift of God to us, Jesus Christ. We commemorate the coming of when Jesus Christ walked the earth and delivered the Good News. I wish I had become a part of that era so I can also meet Him. People have different ways of celebrating this wonderful season. Families are bound together at a special place for this special occasion. Kids are always waiting for various gifts coming from their parents and other relatives. Different companies go caroling in each house they pass by. It is something that everyone awaits.
I just hope that we all remember that it is the birthday of Jesus Christ and not our birthday. We should all offer gifts to Him, especially our praises, and prayers on that beautiful day, on December 25th. Let us all follow that big star to lead us to Him. | <urn:uuid:0fd4bda6-7566-4915-bc4e-5c083b7b6c3e> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://relijournal.com/christianity/the-smell-of-christmas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703298047/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112138-00017-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973356 | 205 | 1.875 | 2 |
Staten Island, NY – The use of a racial slur by a Greenwood, Mississippi, city councilman not only reveals racism, but also brings to mind an attitude held by many today that some individuals are lesser beings said Dr. Alveda King, Pastoral Associate of Priests for Life and niece of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
“We’re shocked when a person in a position of responsibility, like a city councilman, uses the ‘n’ word, but we should also be offended when anyone’s basic humanity is disrespected,” said Dr. King. “Abortion, like racism, is born of the false view that not every member of the human race is worthy of the same respect. Abortion, like racism, treats some people as less than human.”
A Mississippi city councilman sent an e-mail last week using a derogatory term for one of his African American colleagues. When the e-mail was made public by one of the recipients, controversy erupted that has not quieted.
“Some wonder if we will ever end racism,” added Dr. King. “I don’t believe racism will end until abortion ends. The cure for both is the same – love for others, no matter their color, no matter their age, no matter their condition of dependency. If you acknowledge that there is just one race and that all human beings are entitled to basic respect, you don’t call them names, you don’t treat them wrongly, and you surely don’t take their lives.”
Priests for Life is the nation's largest Catholic pro-life organization dedicated to ending abortion and euthanasia. For more information, visit www.priestsforlife.org. | <urn:uuid:adf542a4-24b2-4ff6-90cf-337e76f08620> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.priestsforlife.org/pressreleases/1307-councilmans-slur-like-abortion-reminds-us-that-not-all-individuals-are-respected-says-dr-alveda-king | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698924319/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516100844-00052-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960461 | 368 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Yesterday, Google announced a major change in their policy in engaging with China – they will no longer censor search results on Google.cn to comply with Chinese policy. This almost certainly means that Google.cn will be blocked by the Great Firewall and that Google will no longer be able to operate in China.
While this aspect of Google’s announcement is sparking a great deal of conversation online, it comes at the end of a bombshell of an announcement – Google’s decision follows what appears to be a coordinated act of espionage aimed at its servers by Chinese attackers. The attack resulted, Google reports, in a theft of their intellectual property. They also report that a goal of the attack was to access the GMail accounts of Chinese human rights activists and supporters of Chinese human rights around the world. MacWorld reports that the attack targeted an internal system that Google had built to comply with search warrant requests for information on users. When it became clear that this internal system – evidently set up for the benefit of Chinese authorities – was being attacked and used to compromise Google’s internal networks, Google began discussions about disengaging from the world’s largest internet market.
There’s at least four ways to read Google’s decision:
Google decided to stop being evil.
Google has received reams of bad press from their decision to comply with Chinese government regulations and censor search results for Chinese users. It’s never been entirely clear to me why Google’s received more criticism than Microsoft – who admit they censored Chinese bloggers, and whose Chinese-language tools prevent posting of articles about human rights and democracy – or Yahoo, who turned over information on user Shi Tao to Chinese authorities that led to ten years imprisonment for “leaking state secrets”. I suspect we want to hold Google to a higher standard because they’ve put forth an informal motto: “Don’t be evil”, and compromising with the Chinese government looks like a violation of that stance.
Google’s taken steps to minimize the exposure of user data in China – services like Gmail, which contain sensitive personal data, or which permit publishing, like Blogger, are hosted in the US, not China. (This has made it harder for these tools to achieve market share against Chinese competitiors.) They censored in a more transparent fashion than some of their competitors, displaying a message at the bottom of each page, stating that sites had been removed from the results to comply with regulations. Google is a founding member of the Global Network Initiative, a partnership between industry, academia and the nonprofit community designed to develop best practices for engaging in closed societies like China.
In my opinion – shaped, no doubt, by the fact that I’ve got a lot of friends within Google and have worked closely with the company in a couple of contexts – Google was a lot less evil than some of its competitors. But continued involvement in China continued to be a thorn in the side of Google on the PR front, and I know many people within the company questioned whether engaging in China was worth the compromises it entailed. The move to leave the Chinese market may be an example of Google returning to its core values and demonstrating an unwillingness to compromise.
Google retreated from a very tough market.
Google wasn’t doing all that well in the Chinese search market – they were a distant second to Baidu, and faced extreme challenges in gaining market share. Google’s main properties – google.com and related sites – are frequently inaccesible through the Great Firewall, and Google’s Chinese site – google.cn – was subject to a great deal of scrutiny from the Chinese press and from regulators. CCTV ran an “exposé” on Google.cn, demonstrating – horror of horrors! – that the internet includes links to pornography – this story led to increased oversight of Google’s Chinese site. Friends within Google tell me that it was a constant struggle to respond to complaints from Chinese regulators, and that they believed competitors like Baidu were reporting Google’s alleged violations to regulators, increasing scrutiny on the company.
The situation within Google China was already quite complicated. Kai-Fu Lee, Google’s China chief, quit in September, giving no clear reasons for his departure. His departure started speculation that Google might be discovering that they couldn’t be competitive in a Chinese market without making even larger compromises to corporate ideals.
It’s hard to imagine Google walking away from a market as potentially lucrative as China, even if they were in a tough battle for second place. And they certainly didn’t walk away quietly. By (obliquely) accusing the Chinese government of involvement in corporate espionage and challenging the government to shut the company down for providing uncensored search, “Google has taken the China corporate communications playbook, wrapped it in oily rags, doused it in gasoline and dropped a lit match on it.” (Those evocative words are from top Chinablogger Imagethief.) This isn’t a temporary strategic retreat – this is a retreat where you detonate the bridges behind you.
Google abandoned Chinese users.
Despite its second place in the market behind Baidu, there are millions of dedicated Google users in China, and many of them are deeply disappointed today and worried about losing access to services they’ve grown to depend on. Reading their comments in translation on Global Voices, thanks to Bob Chen, it’s clear the frustration is less with Google than with the Chinese authorities. One translated tweet is especially poignant:
The sin of facebook is that it helps people know who they wanna know. The sin of Twitter is that it allows people to say what they wanna say. The sin of Google is that it lets people find what they wanna find, and Youtube let us see what we wanna see. So, they are all kicked away.
Bob also shares a joke about China in the years after Google’s departure:
People born in 90s: Today I stepped out of the Great Firewall and saw a foreign website named Google. Shit, it is all but a copy of Baidu.
Born in 00s: What do you mean by stepping out of Great Firewall?
Born in 10s: What do you mean by website?
Born in 20s: What is “foreign”?
Perhaps most striking is a campaign to lay flowers in front of Google’s headquarters in Beijing. Rebecca MacKinnon reports that Tsinghua University’s security department has banned students from taking flowers to Google headquarters without permission.
(Here’s a sympathetic view of Google’s decision to pull out from Chinese activist Michael Anti, who’s been censored in the past by Microsoft.)
Google is about to join the front lines of the anticensorship wars.
Hal Roberts, John Palfrey and I published a study of tools designed to subvert and circumvent internet censorship a few months back, based on research we conducted over the course of three years. In the course of that research, we ended up with a simple realization about the design of censorship circumvention software:
A robust anti-censorship system has, at minimum, three components:
- Lots of non-contiguous IP addresses, making it difficult for censors to block the entry points into the system
- Huge amounts of bandwidth that can access the public internet, as a censorship circumvention system is basically an ISP
- Multiple methods to feed fresh IP addresses to your users
This isn’t a complete definition, of course – good anticensorship systems use SSL encryption to prevent keyword blocking, but that’s a solved problem. The three components above tend to be very hard for small anti-circumvention projects to solve. It’s very hard to obtain lots and lots of IP addresses, and very expensive to provision sufficient bandwidth… unless you’re Google, in which case, these obstacles should be trivial. There’s still lots of work that needs to be done ensuring that users of circumvention systems get fresh IP addresses, but a Google-backed anticensorship system (perhaps operated in conjunction with some of the smart activists and engineers who’ve targeted censorship in Iran and China?) would be massively more powerful (and threatening!) than the systems we know about today.
These tools would have a built-in market – the millions of users who were enjoying Google’s tools from within China – and could radically change the landscape of the internet freedom field. An emphasis on internet freedom tools would allow Google to engage with a smaller Chinese market, but would allow them to maintain a toe in the waters while maintaining a stance of disengagement with the Chinese government.
Is Google going to do this? I have no idea. I hope so. They could have done so previously, but it would have been viewed as a shot across China’s bow. Now that they’ve launched a torpedo, that shot across the bow seems more likely.
At Global Voices, we were thrilled that Google chose to partner with us and Thompson/Reuters in offering the Breaking Borders Award “to honor outstanding web projects initiated by individuals or groups that demonstrate courage, energy and resourcefulness in using the Internet to promote freedom of expression.” It would be very exciting to see Google becoming one of those groups using their energy, resourcefulness and resources to combat censorship online… and it would certainly take some corporate courage on their part.
We’ll know a lot more about what Google’s doing in the next few days. Responses are already piling up online. Evgeny thinks Google is bluffing, or simply retreating from an unsuccesful market position. Jonathan Zittrain sees this as a masterstroke, aligning Google’s business with its values, and shares my hope that Google will dedicate major resources to censorship circumvention. Dharmishta Rood links to a bevy of reactions from around the web. I’m anxiously awaiting Rebecca’s analysis, which she promises when she finishes two other articles that are due. (Man, I know that feeling.) | <urn:uuid:c4460dbb-7c8e-4394-81e8-d647a739d69c> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.ethanzuckerman.com/blog/2010/01/13/four-possible-explanations-for-googles-big-china-move/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697380733/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516094300-00050-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957634 | 2,094 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Wednesday, January 31, 2007
Thursday, January 25, 2007
Let us compare disasters
For subscribers to Developing World Bioethics, there is an interesting online article comparing the responses of the international community to the tsunami in South East Asia in 2004, and to the AIDS epidemic in developing countries. According to the authors, the two responses were unethically different. The tsunami cost 273,000 people their lives, and ten billion dollars was pledged for the recovery efforts. In the same year, 3.1 million people died from HIV/AIDS, and there is a predicted 18 billion dollar shortfall between 2005 and 2007. The authors brush away any attempt to rationalize the differences between the two responses: whatever differences there are between a terrifying natural disaster and a deadly epidemic disease are not ethically relevant differences, and cannot justify why the tsunami relief effort received so much human, material and financial support while the effort to treat and control HIV/AIDS is painfully underfunded.
Maybe some of the differences can be explained like this. The tsunami was a concrete one-day event, even if its knock-on effects will be felt for quite some time. With HIV/AIDS, you are looking at a titanic struggle over generations: unless cures are found, all those who are HIV infected may need antiretroviral treatment and medical care for the remainder of their lives. Since no effective vaccine has been found, much of HIV epidemic control is about increasingly convoluted ways (condoms, microbicides, abstinence, circumcision, fidelity) of preventing people from getting the virus, and therefore found vast resources have to be devoted to saving abstract, 'statistical lives.' The chronic character of AIDS care and the abstract character of HIV prevention may help make AIDS less attractive to donors than a tsunami.
But the more fundamental issue is: how rational are communal ethical responses to disasters and crises, and how rational can we reasonably expect them to be? Consider the humanitarian responses in the United States in the wake of 9-11: vast resources were donated and allocated for an event that cost the lives of about 1% of the people who died in the Asian tsunami. Was this wrong? The donations of blood, time and money were at least partly expressions of grief and feelings of powerlessness, and not the result of an economic calculus. Can we be expected to make rational calculations about how much (or how little) should be spent on a given crisis, relative to other crises, in the general scheme of things? Should a panel of experts -- a kind of international crisis management team -- be convened to objectively allocate levels of resources to disasters, on the basis of dollars per death?
Tuesday, January 23, 2007
Gambian president claims cure for AIDS and asthma
It is a sad and terrifying thing when a head of state, drunk on power, starts to take complete leave of his senses. This is what seems to have happened last Wednesday with the president of Gambia, Yahya Jammeh. Speaking at State House before the Taiwanese and Cuban ambassadors and other dignitaries, Jammeh proclaimed himself as the possessor of mystical powers, capable of curing people of AIDS and asthma.
You heard right: AIDS and asthma. And he can cure people of AIDS in one day, as long as the day is Thursday, and on that day only ten cases please, five males and five females. Should you decide to go to Gambia to get the special presidential AIDS treatment, remember that while you may eat before getting cured, don't eat anything oily. For those who question his credentials as healer, Jammeh ended his rambling speech with these words of wisdom:
I am not a witch doctor and in fact you cannot have a witch doctor. You are either a witch or a doctor.
Jammeh does not consider a third possibility, i.e. that is he not a witch, or a doctor, but a dangerous liability. Dangerous, because of the message about AIDS he is sending to his people; a liability, because as commentators from Gambia politely put it, a man prepared to attribute mystical healing powers to himself is in no position to run a country in the modern world.
(Hat tip to Marin Gillis)
Monday, January 15, 2007
Male circumcision and HIV: a hard sell
As an early Christmas present perhaps, UNAIDS executive director Peter Piot is reported to have declared on December 19th that African countries should prepare to perform male circumcisions on a large scale, starting with baby boys first, then adolescents, then adults. Strangely, Piot stated that UNAIDS had no plans to promote male circumcision in high-HIV prevalent India 'where the issue is sensitive for the Hindu and Muslim communities.' Hopefully UNAIDS will catch wind of the idea that male circumcision is a sensitive issue everywhere that circumcision is not traditionally performed, or everywhere it is performed but not on the schedule (with baby boys) that UNAIDS might prefer.
The New York Times also ran a piece on male circumcision and HIV by Tina Rosenberg that profiled male circumcision as the only sort of HIV vaccine we've got, and even if it does not provide perfect protection, we should be darn happy with it. Since there is no vaccine of the immunological sort around, according to Tina, we should promote mass circumcisions right away.
The cold shower on circumcision came from the Ugandan President, Yoweri Museveni. At a discussion with medical students in Kampala, he claimed that the recent science on circumcision and HIV gives a 'mixed message' to men: if you are circumcised, you stand less of a chance of getting HIV if you practice unsafe sex. As is well-known, Museveni (and his backers among religious conservatives in the USA) prefer the unmixed message of abstaining from sexual activity until married, and then being unfailingly faithful to your wife or husband. From that perspective on HIV prevention, it does not matter if you are circumcised or not.
International agencies and domestic journalists should draw a lesson from Museveni's statements: just because a study shows that an intervention would have a big public health impact, it does not mean that everyone will be sold on it. The persuasive power of science only goes so far. The rest will be messy, and involve politics, morality, economics and culture. A hard sell, as Bill said.
Friday, January 12, 2007
Zimbabwe: health care in a tailspin
How does this downward spiral play itself out within the Zimbabwean health care system? There are statistics that can be trotted out, but a piece today from the Zimbabwe Independent puts a human face on some of the inhuman conditions unfolding there. Junior resident doctors, grossly underpaid, terribly underequiped and with little promise of future employment, are on strike in order to leverage better working conditons. The more it is described, the more you can sympathize, until you witness the effect of the strike on the patients:
A junior resident medical officer stands in the consulting room doorway. He alternates between bobbing his head to register comprehension and twiddling with his stethoscope, while the younger son of a patient pleads: "He has been a regular patient here and has his medical records with him, please doctor."
He is one of the few striking junior doctors who decided they should only attend to emergency cases on a rotational basis.
A few paces from the doorway, the pleading man's brother tries to suppress spasmodic jerks from a languid body slumped in a wheelchair.
The sick man tries to draw his son's head down to tell him something, but the groping hand collapses into his lap in vain.
Moments earlier, the emptiness of the admissions ward at Harare Hospital had echoed with the tearless wail of a middle aged woman who had stomped out, too shocked to witness the tear-jerking spectacle of an equally disposed relative.
"The doctor says he cannot help," the son reports back to a group of relatives huddled in a corner.
What does medical ethics come to when medical practitioners are abandoned by their own goverment, and patients are abandoned by both? | <urn:uuid:1807f3b6-b21f-48ae-b17a-849fef341b04> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://globalbioethics.blogspot.com/2007_01_01_archive.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368708142388/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516124222-00003-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96316 | 1,673 | 2.125 | 2 |
Dollar Store Mania: Deals and Dangers
ShopSmart Spots the Best Bargains in Dollar Stores and What to Avoid
YONKERS, NY — Dollar stores are growing while other retailers suffer their worst downturn in more than 20 years, but are all those one dollar items really a steal? ShopSmart, from the publisher of Consumer Reports, sent its mystery shoppers across the country to compare the prices of household items at dollar stores, supermarkets, drugstores and discount stores. The verdict: prices at dollar stores were either the cheapest or among the cheapest for many items, but the products are not always safe.
“It’s easy to get into a bargain-hunting frenzy and go overboard at dollar stores,” said Lisa Lee Freeman, editor-in-chief of ShopSmart. “But products that cost a dollar are not necessarily a bargain and—more importantly—they are not always safe. Our guide will show exactly how to be a smart dollar-store shopper.”
The Dollar Mania feature in the September 2009 issue of ShopSmart includes side-by-side comparisons of unit prices for household items, five surprising things you might not know about dollar stores and what items you should never buy at the dollar store.
What to Buy at the Dollar Store
Based on the unit price, these items are steals at the dollar store.
- Heavy-duty Aluminum Foil: At 3 cents per square foot, the dollar store can’t be beat on price.
- Gift Wrap: Dollar stores had the cheapest price at 2 cents per square foot versus 17 cents at one grocery store. But, skip the tissue paper. It’s more expensive at dollar stores.
- Cotton Rounds: For something used everyday to remove makeup, the savings could really add up over time.
- Party Supplies: Gift bags, ribbon, greeting cards, decorations and balloons are all great buys.
Hit or Miss at the Dollar Store
These items tend to be similarly priced at the dollar store and other retail locations.
- Birthday Candles: Some dollar stores had the cheapest price while others had the highest.
- Brown Paper Bags: Dollar stores tied with most other stores except CVS, which charged more.
- Composition Notebooks: Find these for 1 cent per page at dollar, discount and grocery stores.
- 16 Ounce Plastic Cups: Prices at dollar stores were among the cheapest at 5 cents per cup, but these cups could be found for a good price elsewhere.
- Napkins: At ½ cent per napkin, they are cheap at many stores.
- Security Envelopes: Most stores sold a box of 40 for 1 dollar, so buy these anyplace except CVS which charges 6 cents per envelope.
- Foam Plates: 8- or 9-inch foam places could be found for about 3 cents a plate.
What to Avoid at the Dollar Store
ShopSmart tested these items in their labs
and found many of them fell short of safety standards.
- Dangers to Kids: Even with warning labels, party favors and toys with small parts should be avoided as they can become lodged in a child’s throat. Also avoid bottles containing potentially harmful substances. For example, bubble-blowing liquid in containers that look like soda bottles and baby bottles, do not have a label to identify the liquid for Poison Control in case a child drinks it.
- Fire Hazards: Skip tiki torches (they can catch on fire) and utility lighters (even if they have a “child-proof” latch). Novelty lighters can also be a hazard if they are mistaken as a toy.
- Electrical Products: Extension cords, lamps and other items may have fake UL labels vouching for their safety.
- Medication: Aspirin and other meds can be on shelves long past their expiration date.
- Vitamins: Some dollar store multis do not have the amount of nutrients listed on the label.
- Kids’ Jewelry: Older products containing high lead content might still be sold in dollar stores, even though they were recalled in recent years.
About ShopSmart magazine:
Launched in Fall 2006 by Consumers Union, publisher of Consumer Reports, ShopSmart draws upon Consumer Reports’ celebrated tradition of accepting no advertisements and providing unbiased product reviews. The magazine features product reviews, shopping tips on how to get the most out of products and “best of the best” lists. ShopSmart is ideal for busy shoppers who place a premium on time. ShopSmart has a newsstand price of $4.99 and is available nationwide at major retailers including Barnes & Noble, Wal-Mart, Borders, Kroger, Safeway and Publix. ShopSmart is now available by subscription at www.ShopSmartmag.org. | <urn:uuid:ccf9481f-f026-4bac-b50a-1983c5328306> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://pressroom.consumerreports.org/pressroom/2009/07/dollar-store-mania-deals-and-dangers.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699881956/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516102441-00011-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916762 | 994 | 1.617188 | 2 |
William Simmons studies social/cultural anthropology, religion, myth, and ritual focusing on West Africa and Native America. He is also interested in American cultural pluralism and the transformations of contemporary American research universities.
William Simmons graduated from Brown University in Human Biology in 1960, and earned his Ph.D. in Anthropology at Harvard University in 1967. From 1967 till 1998 he was a faculty member in the Department of Anthropology at the University of California at Berkeley, where he was Department Chair, Director of the Center for the Teaching and Study of American Cultures, and Dean of the Division of Social Sciences. In 1998 he moved to Brown University as Executive Vice President and Provost, and is currently Chair of Anthropology. He currently serves on the boards of the Providence Public Library, the Rhode Island Historical Society, and the Providence Branch of the NAACP.
WILLIAM SIMMONS, Ph.D. Harvard U 1967
Collaborators at other institutions:
Are you William Simmons? Click here to edit your research profile. | <urn:uuid:76ef0ca8-3966-4edb-a20a-c2681d25d299> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://research.brown.edu/research/profile.php?id=10178 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699881956/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516102441-00058-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940582 | 205 | 1.914063 | 2 |
According to Federal Statute, an apprenticeable occupation is a skilled occupation that:
- Is typically learned practically through a structured program of 2000 hours per year of supervised on-the-job learning
- Is clearly identified and commonly recognized through an industry
- Involves specialized skills and knowledge that require a minimum number of hours as directed by the schedule of on-the-job work experience
- Requires related instruction classes to supplement on-the-job learning
Please use the links below to access the U.S. and Maine State lists of apprenticeable occupations.
The following documents on this page are available for download in either "PDF", Microsoft "Word" or Microsoft "Excel" formats. You will need either the free Adobe Reader, Microsoft Word or free Microsoft Word Reader, Microsoft Excel or free Excel Viewer to view and print them.
There is a broad spectrum of careers that are apprenticeable and the list below will guide you through the work processes of the apprenticeable occupations that currently have Registered Apprenticeship Programs in the State of Maine.
- Maine State lists of apprenticeable occupations (Excel)
- Maine State lists of apprenticeable occupations (PDF)
Below is a link to a complete list of the over 1,000 apprenticeable occupations currently recognized by the U.S. Department of Labor.
To find out more about the Maine Apprenticeship Program, contact your Maine's Apprenticeship Program Specialist. | <urn:uuid:0cac4e60-5f72-46ab-a74e-83ed1c4acb37> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://mainecareercenter.com/services-programs/training/apprenticeship/occupations/index.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705953421/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120553-00051-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.904206 | 292 | 2.171875 | 2 |
- Mental Illnesses
- Finding Answers
- Recovery Stories
- NARSAD Grants & Prizes
- Get Involved
You are hereFinding Answers ›
Are there other mental illnesses associated with OCD?
“ ...for women, depression … as many as 60% of people with OCD will have concomitant depression … it’s also very common to have other anxiety disorders … already common in women … Another set of disorders that often go along with OCD more typically seen in men … attention deficit disorders and tic disorders …”
Helen Blair Simpson, M.D., Ph.D.
2010 NARSAD Independent Investigator Grantee
Professor of Clinical Psychiatry
Director of the Anxiety Disorders Clinic
New York State Psychiatric Institute
Research by Illness
SUBMIT A QUESTION
Have a question? | <urn:uuid:27397be8-c4f7-4938-9616-d514d83a206a> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://bbrfoundation.org/ask-an-expert/are-there-other-mental-illnesses-associated-with-ocd | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368708766848/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125246-00010-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922353 | 170 | 2.046875 | 2 |
The San Ysidro Land Port of Entry is designed to be the port of the future, not only operationally, but also in terms of high-performance buildings. Designed by the award-winning architectural firm, The Miller Hull Partnership, all three phases of the project are targeted to achieve LEED® Platinum certification due to energy efficiency, water conservation strategies, and an integrated design process. Most notably is the potential of achieving net zero energy in all the occupied spaces (the buildings, on a net annualized basis, will provide as much power as they consume), the first facility open 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year, to achieve this in the United States.
Miller Hull Unveils New Designs [PDF - 228 KB]
Artist's Renderings: The Miller|Hull Partnership, LLP
Click on the thumbnail images below to view larger versions of the renderings as PDFs. | <urn:uuid:55fccf86-5618-4824-b994-4f9b81d62025> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.expo@gsa.gov/portal/content/101775 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00004-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939643 | 187 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Nearly 1,500 Southern Tier residents got together on Sunday for the 23rd snnual American Heart Association Walk at Binghamton University's Events Center. As our Elyse Mickalonis tells us, organizers and survivors hope the walk helps to promote a healthy lifestyle, stopping heart disease and stroke before they strike.
BROOME COUNTY, N.Y. -- The 23rd Annual American Heart Association Walk brought out a pretty big crowd this year.
"I have a heart murmur, so I'm out here with a few friends and some family,” said Eliza Majka, an Apalachin resident.
Nearly 1,500 people showed up for the walk, run and expo. The hope is to help fight heart disease and stroke by raising money for research, training and education. Organizers say one of every three adults in the country has a type of heart disease today or has suffered a stroke.
"At 25-years-old, I suffered and survived a heart attack. I had a cardiac catheterization and they placed two stents in my right artery,” said Lisa Mascato.
Brenda Testani-Nedbalski, a stroke survivor, added, "Eighteen years ago, I suffered a stroke and I was 36-years-old."
According to studies, 80 percent of cardiovascular disease is preventable and the hope is that the walk helps to promote a healthy lifestyle and stop the onset of illness.
"The whole purpose is to raise awareness, raise funds for the American Heart Association and fight heart disease,” said Mark Mushalla, 2012 Southern Tier Heart Walk Chairman.
Some survivors participated in the 5K or the walk, but many were glad to share their stories with people of all ages, because these diseases can affect anyone."
"You're never too young to have severe health issues and your best bet is to get checked out regardless of what you think,” said Mascato. “I thought I was invincible at 25, because I was young."
Raising awareness for diseases that can affect anyone. | <urn:uuid:0912be3d-a528-4a56-a864-9d575a8aaf10> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://centralny.ynn.com/printarticle.aspx?ArID=582385 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709037764/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125717-00016-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954543 | 430 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Outdoor Classrooms in the City!
This spring we will collaborate with volunteers from the Appalachian Mountain Club to create environmental programs in the city. This will give girls the unique opportunity to learn from professionals and explore potential environmental leadership careers. We will have programs for younger and older girls. These programs will involve themes such as leave no trace, ecology, outdoor recreation, and more.
New Troop Camping Activity Options
We currently offer ropes course, archery, row boating, and more. By the fall of 2013, we will also offer programs such as snowshoeing, frog pond study, butterfly garden study, birdwatching, stargazing, and more.
Be on the lookout for our Summer Camp brochure! It will be available online mid-January. If you have any questions in the meantime, please feel free to contact Karen Lundgard, Camp Director, at email@example.com or 212.645.4000 x226. | <urn:uuid:093fafd3-ba4f-4a98-9fec-e765fe4d5e47> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.girlscoutsnyc.org/girls/Camp-and-Environmental-Leadership-Programs/coming-soon | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700264179/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516103104-00072-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92498 | 200 | 1.859375 | 2 |
The University of Michigan Health System is home to one of the largest digestive health and liver disease programs in the country, providing prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract and liver. Our 60-plus physicians are experts in the diagnosis and treatment of all diseases of the gastrointestinal system, including:
Our doctors are skillfully trained to perform the following screening and diagnostic procedures:
More specialized procedures are performed at the University Hospital Medical Procedures Unit.
The University of Michigan: A Leader in Digestive Health Research
Not only are we leaders in the clinic, our faculty are also leaders in their respective areas of research, conducting and participating in many pharmaceutical clinical investigations. The innovative research conducted by our physicians and faculty has paved the way for more effective methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.
Make an Appointment
To schedule an appointment to discuss digestive or liver health issues, call us at 888-229-7408. | <urn:uuid:72f8e5c7-3636-430e-bf2d-2f274b97ccab> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.uofmhealth.org/digestive-and-liver-health | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706153698/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120913-00066-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942805 | 190 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Artist Richard Chartier recently participated in a public talk on Kandinsky’s Painting with White Border with Curator Elsa Smithgall. Here he reflects on the experience and shares his meditations on the painting. Learn more about Richard on his website.
When I first agreed to do an artist talk/conversation in connection with the Kandinsky exhibition I was unsure. I didn’t feel I had much connection to his early work.
Having said that, when I arrived and actually saw the painting I was to discuss, Painting with the White Border, in person I was astounded. There is a certain magic to this work.
Kandinsky created so many sketches and preparatory works for this one painting, and it shows. He spoke frequently of his desire to “paint the color of sound.” His initial drawings gave me the impression of graphic scores a contemporary composer might create for a piece of music. He thought of these shapes and colors and forms as elements in a symphony. It truly is a work that pulls you in and moves you around in a continuous swirl.
After talking with the curator Elsa Smithgall for almost two hours preparing our discussion, I went to see the Rothko Room. I spent some contemplative time there and then returned to sit in front of Painting with the White Border. I found myself having distinctly different but similar synaesthetic reactions. In both the Rothko paintings and this swirl of a painting by Kandinsky I found myself being pulled in and thinking about sound. Whereas the Rothkos were sumptuous understated drones, the Kandinsky was a musical tempest, a wild symphony for the eyes. The color, the density, the vibrant interactions make the surface of the painting almost uniform in its movement, but the one thing that keeps your eye moving back into the painting is that fascinating, almost undulating, white border.
Kandinsky wrote: “Color is the keyboard, the eye is the hammer. The soul is the piano with its many strings.” This painting knows exactly how to play the soul.
–Richard Chartier, artist | <urn:uuid:4308c47d-39f6-4181-8e09-4db1f462e8bf> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://blog.phillipscollection.org/tag/sound-art/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705559639/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115919-00028-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978723 | 432 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Blair & Bush To Be Tried For War Crimes
On November 19-22, 2011, the trial of George W Bush (former U.S. President) and Anthony L Blair (former British Prime Minister) will be held in Kuala Lumpur. This is the first time that war crimes charges will be heard against the two former heads of state in compliance with proper legal process.
Charges are being brought against the accused by the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Commission (KLWCC) following the due process of the law. The Commission, having received complaints from war victims in Iraq in 2009, proceeded to conduct a painstaking and an in-depth investigation for close to two years and in 2011, constituted formal charges on war crimes against Bush, Blair and their associates.
The Iraq invasion in 2003 and its occupation had resulted in the death of 1.4 million Iraqis. Countless others had endured torture and untold hardship. The cries of these victims have thus far gone unheeded by the international community. The fundamental human right to be heard has been denied to them.
As a result, the KLWCC had been established in 2008 to fill this void and act as a peoples’ initiative to provide an avenue for such victims to file their complaints and let them have their day in a court of law.
The first charge against George W Bush and Anthony L Blair is for Crimes Against Peace wherein:
The Accused persons had committed Crimes against Peace, in that the Accused persons planned, prepared and invaded the sovereign state of Iraq on 19 March 2003 in violation of the United Nations Charter and international law.
The second charge is for Crime of Torture and War Crimes against eight citizens of the United States and they are namely George W Bush, Donald Rumsfeld, Dick Cheney, Alberto Gonzales, David Addington, William Haynes, Jay Bybee and John Yoo. wherein:
The Accused persons had committed the Crime of Torture and War Crimes, in that: The Accused persons had wilfully participated in the formulation of executive orders and directives to exclude the applicability of all international conventions and laws, namely the Convention against Torture 1984, Geneva Convention III 1949, Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations Charter in relation to the war launched by the U.S. and others in Afghanistan (in 2001) and in Iraq (in March 2003); Additionally, and/or on the basis and in furtherance thereof, the Accused persons authorised, or connived in, the commission of acts of torture and cruel, degrading and inhuman treatment against victims in violation of international law, treaties and conventions including the Convention against Torture 1984 and the Geneva Conventions, including Geneva Convention III 1949.
The trial will be held before the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal, which is constituted of eminent persons with legal qualifications.
The judges of the Tribunal, which is headed by retired Malaysian Federal Court judge Dato’ Abdul Kadir Sulaiman, also include other notable names such as Mr Alfred Lambremont Webre, a Yale graduate, who authored several books on politics, Dato’ Zakaria Yatim, retired Malaysian Federal Court judge, Tunku Sofiah Jewa, practising lawyer and author of numerous publications on International Law, Prof Salleh Buang, former Federal Counsel in the Attorney-General Chambers and prominent author, Prof Niloufer Bhagwat, an expert in Constitutional Law, Administrative Law and International Law, and Prof Emeritus Datuk Dr Shad Saleem Faruqi, prominent academic and professor of law.
The Tribunal will adjudicate and evaluate the evidence presented as in any court of law. The judges of the Tribunal must be satisfied that the charges are proven beyond reasonable doubt and deliver a reasoned judgement.
In the event the tribunal convicts any of the accused, the only sanction is that the name of the guilty person will be entered in the Commission’s Register of War Criminals and publicised worldwide. The tribunal is a tribunal of conscience and a peoples’ initiative.
The prosecution for the trial will be lead by Prof Gurdial S Nijar, prominent law professor and author of several law publications and Prof Francis Boyle, leading American professor, practitioner and advocate of international law, and assisted by a team of lawyers.
The trial will be held in an open court on November 19-22, 2011 at the headquarters of the Al- Bukhary Foundation at Jalan Perdana, Kuala Lumpur. | <urn:uuid:984711e3-4739-4107-bafa-4559fefcd65f> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.fourwinds10.net/siterun_data/government/judicial_and_courts/law/news.php?q=1320077803 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700264179/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516103104-00063-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951983 | 909 | 1.789063 | 2 |
The dictionary's curious coincidence.
Recently I have noticed the word "fiat" has been popping up more and more. As in "fiat" money or "fiat" currency. Now I have understood the word "fiat" to mean "declared". I also realized I had not actually looked up the word and decided that now would be a good time to do so.
fiat: n. 1. an authoritative decree, sanction or order
The next definition in my dictionary is:
fiat money: 1. paper currency made legal tender by a fiat of the government but not based on or convertible into coin
Curiously I found the definition immediately after "fiat money" is:
fib: n 1. a small or trivial lie
But the coincidence did not end there. The word immediately before "fiat"?
fiasco: n. 1. a complete and ignominious failure.
This message brought to you by Websters Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English language, 2001 | <urn:uuid:83bd9192-b5ba-434b-8ff9-e05084719559> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://caps.fool.com/Blogs/the-dictionarys-curious/32864 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368710006682/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516131326-00028-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.926293 | 214 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Homeopathic Materia Medica by Farrington
(colch)The symptoms of Colchicum I have arranged under four headings. The first, the nerves, includes typhoid conditions and debility. You must know that the drug tends to produce great prostration, and from this arises the great danger in administering it in large doses as a routine remedy in gout and rheumatism. While the paroxysms of pain may be relieved thereby, there is apt to be induced a condition of debility which runs the patient into other and new dangers. Let us see how we can use this effect of the drug under our law of cure. We find it indicated in debility, particularly in debility following loss of sleep; for instance, when one does not retire, as early as usual in the evening, so that he is deprived of a portion of his accustomed sleep and he awakens the next morning feeling tired and languid; he can hardly drag one leg after the other; the appetite is gone; there are bad taste in the mouth and even nausea. The debility, then, starts from or involves digestion as a result of loss of sleep. You can see how close this comes to the NUX VOMICA condition. The debility, however, is greater even than that of Nux vomica. There seems, at times, to be a dislike of all foods; the odor of food cooking makes the patient feel sick; he becomes irritable; every little external impression annoys him ; here it is precisely like Nux vomica.
As another form of debility or debilitating fever, we find Colchicum indicated at times in typhoid fever. Now, the position of Colchicum in typhoid fever is between ARSENICUM and CINCHONA. First, we find that the patient's intellect is beclouded. Although his mind is befogged, he still answers your questions correctly, showing you that he is not in a complete stupor. Unless questioned concerning it, he says nothing about his condition, which does not seem dangerous to him. There is not that fearfulness, that dread of death, which characterizes some other drugs indicated in typhoid fevers. The pupils are widely dilated and very imperfectly sensitive to light. There is a cold sweat on the forehead ; here you will at once note a resemblance to VERATRUM ALBUM. When the patient attempts to raise the head from the pillow, it falls back again and the mouth opens wide. You thus see how weak are the muscles in the Colchicum case. The face has a cadaverous appearance. The features are sharp and pointed, the nose looks as though it had been pinched or tightly squeezed, and the nostrils are drv and even black. The tongue is heavy and stiff, and is protruded with difficulty. In extreme cases, it is bluish, particularly at the base. There is almost complete loss of speech, and the breath is cold. There are often nausea and vomiting, the latter being attended with considerable retching. These symptoms are associated with restlessness and cramps in the legs. Coming to the abdominal region, we find the body hot while the extremities are cold. Tympanites is exceedingly well marked. Stools are watery and frequent and escape involuntarily. These are the symptoms which lead you to Colchicum in typhoid states. They greatly resemble those calling for ARSENICUM and CINCHONA. They resemble Arsenicum in the intensity of the debility and Cinchona in the tympanitic condition. Colchicum seems to stand between the two, combining the' restlessness and debility of Arsenic with the tympany of Cinchona. You will notice that the Colchicum symptoms are principally abdominal. Some of them suggest Veratrum album. You must therefore place this remedy in your mind, by the side of Colchicum that you may make the necessary distinction between the two.
CARBO VEGETABILISIS allied to Colchicum in the coldness of the breath, in the tympany and in the great prostration. But Carbo veg. seems to suit when there is giving out of the vital forces. The patient lies cold and almost pulseless. The pulse feels much like a slight ripple beneath the examining finger ; there is no decided pulsation. The feet and the legs below the knees are cold, or there may be coldness of the knees and feet, the parts between them not being cold. Then the watery stool is not so characteristic of Carbo veg., the discharges being either absent or if present, dark brown and horribly offensive.
Next we come to the abdominal symptoms. The tympany and the diarrhoea have been mentioned already. In addition to these symptoms we have others which strongly point to the drug as a possible remedy in cholera. There are nausea and vomiting, the nausea seeming to be provoked by the smell of food. Whenever the patient sits up, the nausea and vomiting become worse. The matters vomited are watery and bilious. When dysenteric symptoms are present, the stools are frequent, watery and bloody, and contain shreds which were formerly supposed to be portions of the lining membrane of the bowel, but which are now known to be a plastic formation from exudation. Tenesmus is violent and is followed by spasm of the sphincter ani. If you have a case of dysentery with these symptoms, Colchicum will help you out. If there is tympany also, all the more is it indicated, being then far preferable to CANTHARIS, MERCURIUS or any other remedy in our materia medica.
The third heading on the board is "Fibrous tissues." This brings us to the consideration of Colchicum in rheumatism and gout. Now Colchicum has a special affinity for the fibrous tissues. I include under this term, the tendons and aponeuroses of muscles, ligaments of joints and even the periosteum. The swelling produced by it is either dark red or pale in color with no particular tendency to suppuration, and extremely sensitive to touch, and with a strong tendency to shift from joint to joint. In rheumatism proper, Colchicum is indicated when it begins in one joint and travels thence to another, or in one side of the body and then flies to the other. The pains are worse in the evening. The joint is extremely sensitive to the slightest motion. The urine is dark red and scanty, just such as you would expect to find in gout or rheumatism. You will find such patients exceedingly irritable. Every little external impression as light, noise or strong odors annoys them, and pain seems to be unbearable. The only difference between these symptoms and those of gout is that in the latter, the great toe is involved and that the paroxysms occur in the night.
Sometimes we have metastasis of rheumatism or gout to the chest. Even then Colchicum may be the remedy. In valvular heart disease or pericarditis following rheumatism, it is indicated by violent cutting and stinging pains in the chest, particularly about the heart, with great oppression and dyspnoea. There is also the sensation as if the chest were being squeezed by a tight bandage. Colchicum stands almost alone in gout and rheumatism. There are no remedies similar to it in action here.
Colchicum is sometimes indicated in dropsy with suppression of urine. The dropsy is particularly liable to appear as hydrothorax. What urine does pass, contains blood and is almost as black as ink, and is loaded with albumen. Hence you see that it is indicated in dropsy depending upon Bright's disease. Here it resembles quite closely, Lachesis, which also has this black urine.
It also resembles TEREBINTHINA which causes congestion of the kidneys with rupture of the fine capillaries and consequent pouring out of blood into the pelvis of the kidneys. The urine contains tube-casts. It is smoky in appearance and has a dirty pinkish deposit.
Thus you have seen when Colchicum may be used in rheumatism, when in typhoid fever and when in simple debility. The prostration which I spoke of as following the protracted use of Colchicum may be utilized in this way ; when after frequent acute attacks of gout, the patient becomes greatly weakened. In affections of the heart, Colchicum is closely allied to SPIGELIA.
When Colchicum has been abused, SPIGELIA is the remedy to be used as an antidote. | <urn:uuid:6888c3dd-42a0-42ab-bcf5-f8a531e6c3cf> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.vithoulkas.com/en/books-study/online-materia-medica/2903.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703298047/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112138-00008-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958651 | 1,826 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Should I Wear a Bike Helmet?
Summary: We are helmet advocates, so you know our bias, but here is some food for thought about the current push to disparage bike helmets.
Our own belief, of course, is that a cyclist should wear a bike helmet. We are helmet advocates, after all.
In 2010 we saw an increase in blog posts from cyclists who do not believe you should wear a helmet. They challenged the conventional wisdom that helmets are necessary to reduce brain injures. That has continued now for the intervening years. The positive experience with shared bicycle programs has raised basic questions about the need for helmets, and some riders are reconsidering.
First, for views opposing ours
Questions you may want to ask
Is there evidence that helmets protect brains and heads? We have a statistics page that may help you research that. Don't miss the recent New York City data showing that 97% of their dead cyclists had no helmet.
Do cyclists crash? Do bare-headed cyclists injure their brains more often? Again our stats page may help.
What is your general level of risk-avoidance? Do you:
Maybe the conventional wisdom comes from people who have different ideas about taking chances.
How important to you is thinking clearly?
- adjust your brakes when they get worn
- use active lights at night
- swim in thunderstorms
- wear seatbelts in a car
- pinch grounding prongs off electrical plugs
- have a working battery in your home smoke detector
- shred railings on your skateboard
- ride a fixie with no front brake
- ignore sunburns
- drink non-organic milk
- drive or ride while intoxicated
- watch your weight
- exercise regularly?
Only you can answer that one. Do you have a lot invested in training your brain? Is anyone else depending on you to function?
Who should you listen to?
On all sides you hear "studies have shown" followed by a mix of information, misinformation, fabrication and outright prevarication. Studies have indeed shown things, but some are much better than others, and sorting it all out is not easy.
Given that most of us have a bias, your best source of information is probably the real world. You can go to a meeting of a local cycling group who ride the way you do: recreational clubs, commuter organizations, urban riders, touring riders. Ask the people who ride a lot in your own area. Don't let anyone sneer at that "annecdotal" evidence. It's the real world, not somebody's take on what happens somewhere else with a different road culture or even a nationwide generalization using bingo numbers gathered on the telephone. The answers could be different for the riding you do, and might not agree with what "studies have shown" or what somebody in Copenhagen thinks.
Why does the injury prevention community advocate helmets? Why are emergency room doctors among the strongest advocates?
The doctors see the injuries, close up and personal. The injury prevention community believes helmets are the best short-term intervention for reducing cyclists' brain injuries while we are improving the safety of roads and other facilities.
Why are we not screaming at you to "just wear a helmet"?
Cyclists think for themselves (or they would not be cyclists!) and always debate things that seem settled. Over the years they have gone to the mat on both sides of eliptical chainwheels, solid tires, 26/27/700C/29" wheels and whether or not wheels stand on the lower spokes or hang from the upper ones. We think most of the anti-helmet arguments stem from either resentment about being told how to ride, the libertarian ethic or just the urge to oppose anything that the majority seems to be mindlessly going along with. The one valid concern would be if helmets discouraged cycling, but we have no indication of that in any US city or state where actual rider counts have been done. The success of shared bicycle programs, and their low rate of reported head injuries, may challenge that. Those programs will not attract as many casual users if helmets are required. And more recently there have been those who feel we are just not taking enough risks in our lives.
Re-examining views on safety is always appropriate, even though the level of discussion on this topic is more heat than light, and not likely to produce progress. We are surprised that after examining the evidence people would consider riding without a helmet because somebody posting on a blog thinks it's not necessary, or somehow detrimental to cycling. But every rider is of course entitled to their opinion, so here we try to offer some food for thought, never pretending that we are not biased.
Other pages on our site
This page was last revised on: February 14, 2013. | <urn:uuid:8001d942-9bf4-4d4d-84ac-3f9e8450241d> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://helmets.org/shouldi.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709037764/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125717-00053-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955471 | 981 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Personal budgets in social care give care users more control over their care by enabling them to purchase their own support according to their needs. A critical element of the previous Government's vision of a more personalised and empowering national care service, the national roll-out of personal budgets was set as a priority for local authorities in 2007. At present, 13 per cent of care users have a personal budget.
But now, under a new government, there is increased momentum for change. The Care Minister, Paul Burstow, has urged local authorities to rapidly improve personal budget take up so that they exceed the target of 30 per cent of care users on personal budgets by April 2011. Personal budgets look likely to form the centrepiece of the Coalition's care reform.
This requires both local authorities and care providers to adjust to rapid change, with large numbers of care users switching to personal budgets in a short space of time. Yet the intelligence on personal budget spending remains limited. Without better information, councils and providers alike risk being unprepared for the change and uncertain how to respond. The data presented in this report goes some way towards filling this knowledge gap, and is required reading for those preparing themselves for a revolution in social care delivery. | <urn:uuid:c69a3255-7497-4c5c-ab86-c6c331f34eb6> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.demos.co.uk/publications/personalbest | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705195219/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115315-00059-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9333 | 243 | 1.695313 | 2 |
MANAGEMENT HAS been winning the spin wars in the three-week-old strike by the Newspaper Guild. Calling to mind the old saying about the press being free as long as you own it, Seattle Times publisher Frank Blethen has felt very free indeed to use the paper as a soapbox for management's position that the strike is just plain baffling given the great wages and working conditions enjoyed by his employees. The spinning has not let up, in columns by him, by executive editor Michael Fancher, and others. The paper has also devoted space to publishing letters sympathetic to management, like one from an employee's wife who described the Times' support while her family adopted a child.
Despite a membership full of people who inform the public for a living, the union has done a comparatively poor job of conveying its point of view. Last week, the Guild started to make up for lost time. It taped a radio spot, began booking speakers with rotary clubs, and set up a meeting with community, business, and religious leaders. The union hopes it can convince such leaders to back it, and they in turn can put pressure on Times and Post-Intelligencer management to settle, says P-I reporter Joel Connelly.
The union's new PR campaign focuses on some key points. Most notably, while the papers insist that they pay above market rate, the Guild stresses that raises have fallen far short of the extraordinary rise in the cost of living over the past decade in Microsoft's hometown. Yet the Guild's public pronouncements still don't fully address its motivation for striking. To do that, you have to go back in time a little.
"It all started in 1987. That's the watershed year," says Guild local Vice President and grizzled Times copy editor Emmett Murray. That's the year the Times and P-I pushed a new system linking raises to performance. Employees would be guaranteed a gradually rising minimum salary, but anything beyond that would be up to the discretion of managers. It's a system most unions, including the Guild, hate because of its arbitrary nature.
The Guild, which now represents nearly 1,000 newspaper workers, came to the brink of striking. What held it back was the lack of support by the paper's second largest union, Teamsters Local 763, representing 607 delivery drivers and newspaper assemblers. "We flinched," says Murray, who was on the Guild's bargaining team at the time. "I'm not proud of it."
When interviewed in 1998 by the trade publication Presstime, Times executive James Schafer explained forthrightly that the performance system has been an attempt to get more out of staff: "We are trying to remove the entitlement mentality common in businesses with long histories." Now, the Times (which handles business operations for both papers) offers a more appealing explanation. Times editor Fancher, in his column, writes that the system "enables" the paper to pay above the minimums. Otherwise, adds Times spokesperson Kerry Coughlin, the company would be locked into paying salaries that might become noncompetitive over the lifetime of a contract.
The union argues, however, that the minimums have become artificial lows that take for granted performance pay. The median minimum pay for newsroom, advertising, and circulation staffers is a modest $34,200, according to the union.
The Times and P-I, tellingly, offers figures with performance pay thrown in. And indeed, the results appear to be pretty good for many employees, from a young reporter making $48,000 to an experienced advertising salesperson earning $55,000 to a circulation manager bringing in $47,000.
Performance pay, however, is not automatic. Ten percent of Guild employees aren't receiving any, according to management. Whatever rules lie behind its dispensation are mystifying and subject to change. That was made manifestly clear last May, when the Times revamped its formula for rewarding bonuses to classified advertising salespeople. Some, like Y. Michelle Ewing, have had trouble reaching the new bar for extra money. Her monthly bonus dropped from a typical $300 to about $50. Given that her base or minimum pay amounts to only $25,000 a year, after 11 years, she's been struggling to get by without the bonuses she's been accustomed to. She got forbearance on a student loan and decided she couldn't even afford the few dollars a month it costs for call waiting.
The change in classified bonuses helped ignite the long-simmering resentment over the performance system. The union is now trying to win the right to negotiate on bonuses and how they are doled out, as well as to raise minimums significantly so that employees won't have to depend on bonuses at all.
But another long-simmering resentment is equally important. It's over a kind of labor negotiations called "pattern bargaining," whereby each of the 15 bargaining units at the Times and P-I adopt the same pattern of raises. In his newspaper, Fancher touts pattern bargaining as a means of ensuring labor stability: "The unions have known that once a pattern is established, the Times will not attempt to settle for less. The Times has known the unions would not attempt a strike to gain more." The alternative, he writes, would be "chaos."
Furthermore, he writes, "The Guild has been an active participant in the process behind pattern bargaining for years."
"This is like blaming the rape victim," responds Guild local President Gene Achziger. "It was shoved down our throats. What's really aggravating about pattern bargaining is that [management] will go to a weaker union and cut a deal that they'll then try to force down the throats of everybody else."
Having elected new leadership two years ago, the Guild was primed to take a stronger stance this time around. The Times and P-I, however, came to the table with an offer beneath the pattern agreed upon with the first union to settle, the same Teamsters Local 763 that bucked a strike in 1987. The papers eventually upped the offer to Local 763's level, a raise of $3.30 an hour over six years, in what they have stuck to as their final offer.
Although the papers did offer some concessions, like the phase-out of substandard pay for zone reporters, the union took their unwillingness to budge beyond the pattern as a sign of disrespect, a thumbing of their noses at the very concept of collective bargaining.
With all that anger built up over 13 years, the Guild decided to walk, even if it meant going out without the support of the more conciliatory Local 763 and other unions, as has happened. "This time, we didn't flinch, we said the hell with you too," says Guild Vice President Murray.
For all its professed bafflement, the Times, if not the P-I, understands the real issues behind the strike very well, as evidenced by the fine print in management's writing on the subject. The issues pertain not to a single year or a single contract but the whole structure of the salary system; that is why both sides have been fighting so hard, and why some staffers fear that prospects for a resolution are bleak. | <urn:uuid:e1ab35f7-ec6d-44fa-9b59-4a0c4d6d2d84> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.seattleweekly.com/2000-12-13/news/striking-spin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368708766848/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125246-00062-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972636 | 1,487 | 1.5 | 2 |
Adds co-author Dr. Paula Kelly. "It's helpful to know how to decipher baby's signals so you can take appropriate action."
In their book, Warner and Kelly detail the most common reasons babies cry. And they offer tips for each scenario that will help to relieve your infant's stress - and your own.
Your baby probably has a unique cry when he's hungry. With experience, you will be able to identify this sound. The important thing is to be flexible.
"Let your baby establish an on-demand feeding schedule, rather then putting him on a rigid timetable," Warner says.
Realize that even if it is not his usual feeding time, he may still be ravenous. So try feeding him anyway. You may also attempt giving your baby a pacifier or some water between meals.
Remember that some babies have allergies or intolerances to certain formulas. Always check with your doctor before switching to a new formula. And make sure that your baby is gaining weight at a healthy pace and appears healthy.
What is mildly uncomfortable to you is agony to your infant. The usual suspects are diaper rash, teething, earache or stomachache. Check your baby for signs of any of these maladies.
A fluky reason may be a diaper pin pressing against your baby's skin, so make sure her diaper is set the way it should be.
And of course, there is the dreaded colic. There are several ways to treat this, and you will probably try all of them before finding a method that works. Fortunately, colic usually disappears at about four months of age.
Your baby may be signaling something more pressing than temporary discomfort. Check to make sure he doesn't have a fever, and verify that his breathing isn't labored. Also, be on the lookout for lethargy or an unhealthy appearance.
Ear pulling or rubbing the sides of his face can be an indication of illness. As with any serious concern, contact your doctor if you have any doubt.
"There may be no physical problems at all," Kelly says. "Babies also cry when they're scared, lonely or bored."
Often, simply cuddling your baby or playing with her will cause the crying to stop. When those tricks don't work, put your baby in a swing or a rocking chair to see if the motion will calm her down. Taking your baby for a walk in a stroller or giving her a warm bath may also soothe her.
The opposite of being bored or lonely, some babies have trouble calming down after they've been exposed to too much activity or noise.
Try moving your baby to a quiet room, or even to an entirely different location. Soothe your bay by rocking her in your arms and singing to her.
Keeping your baby on a regular nap schedule will help. Of course, giving her the opportunity for longer or more frequent naps might be a good idea too, as long as they do not prevent her from sleeping at night.
Just like adults, babies sometimes have trouble getting to sleep.
Putting your infant in a baby swing will sometimes sway him to dreamland. Similarly, rocking him in your arms or in a rocking chair may lull him, or a walk in a stroller might bring on sleep.
In extreme cases, pack up the car and strap him into the car seat. Drive around until he is asleep, then bring him home for proper rest.
The Great Unknown
Sometimes, the cause of your baby's crying will be a total mystery. Learning his different crys will help both of you alleviate this problem and minimize confusion.
Just remember that whenever your baby crys, act quickly so you can tend to his needs as soon as possible. But don't be afraid to take a break every now and then. A friend or family member can be a big help in times of stress. Of course, if all else fails, and your baby won't stop crying, call your doctor.
Warner and Kelly's "365 Baby Care Tips" contains a unique and useful mix of essential medical information and helpful hints from experienced parents to help new parents do a better job of handling whatever may arise during their babies' first year. | <urn:uuid:6fd9ce41-db74-469c-9677-aa5afb0b1305> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://library.adoption.com/articles/why-your-baby-is-crying.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700264179/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516103104-00034-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959723 | 861 | 2.5 | 2 |
Published: June 12, 2006
Comedian Carlos Mencia's routines feature a stream of observations and questions about race and ethnicity, with something to offend just about anyone. His own experiences are as complex as his lineage. He says America would benefit from more assimilation. [Copyright 2013 NPR]
STEVE INSKEEP, host:
This week on MORNING EDITION, we're going to dig a little more deeply into the debate about immigration. Proposals to change immigration rules have been debated in Congress for months, and you may think you've heard everything there is to say on the subject, until you hear the people we will meet this week.
And we begin with the comedian Carlos Mencia.
(Soundbite of "Mind of Mencia" Comedy Central)
Mr. CARLOS MENCIA (Comedian): You know what they said in California? I saw it on C-SPAN. People we vote for, here's what they said. Um, I propose that we kick all the illegal aliens out of this country. Then we build a super fence so they can't get back in. And I went, Um, who's gonna build it?
INSKEEP: This is from the Mind of Mencia, which is Carlos Mencia's program on Comedy Central.
(Soundbite of "Mind of Mencia")
Mr. MENCIA: If the wetbacks are gone, there goes the workforce. Maybe what we should do is make them build the fence first. Then kick 'em out.
INSKEEP: A lot of Carlos Mencia's material is on the web, and if you listen long enough you are almost sure to be offended by something. Like the routine in which he repeats a list of derogatory terms for almost every racial and ethnic group in America.
Mr. MENCIA: (From Mind of Mencia on Comedy Central) If I forgot anybody I apologize.
Mr. MENCIA: Like, I use the word beaner on my show a lot.
Mr. MENCIA: But here's the interesting thing. I started to say Hispanic, and people were just, they were saying things like, I'm not Hispanic. Hispanic is a word created by the Nixon administration. I was like, all right, I won't use the word Hispanic any more. Chicano. Well, I'm from El Salvador, and Chicano means Mexican, but Mexican that was born here. And what if I was born... All right, sorry, I didn't mean to use that word. How about I use Latino? I don't speak Latin! I speak Spanish, and I don't even speak Spanish that well! All right, I'm not going to use that one. What about beaner? Nobody? Fine?
So it was like, all right, beaner it is. And it was by default. It was like the least offensive word to all these political people, so I just started using it.
INSKEEP: What is your ancestry?
Mr. MENCIA: My ancestry is really weird, because my great grandfather was from the Caymen Islands, and then his father was from England. But I lose track at that point. My father's last name is Holness, H-O-L-N-E-S-S, which I tracked down to be of German descent. But my last name is Mencia, so most of my family I tracked through Spain and a lot of indigenous people in Honduras.
INSKEEP: So you're a German-English-Caymen-Honduran, well, what is it...
Mr. MENCIA: But my mom, who I grew up with, who raised me, is Mexican, and my dad's from Honduras.
INSKEEP: Oh, that makes perfect sense then.
Mr. MENCIA: Yeah, exactly. So it's like, I - but that's part of why I can do this kind of comedy, because I was always an insider and an outsider at the same time.
INSKEEP: You're very much pro-immigrant. You've actually got routines in which you encourage more people to cross the border - to tell them that if they're unhappy with their lives to come on over. And yet at the same time, is your comedy kind of conservative in a way? You're telling...
Mr. MENCIA: Yeah. If you take, for example, the Hispanic vote in this country, all right? It's mostly Democratic. Yet, if you talk to them based on issues, just issues and politics, they're very conservative.
I remember my dad was like, I vote Democratic. And I was like, but dad, everything that you say is conservative. Why do you vote Democratic? And he was like, well, I mean I identify with the Democrats. And I go, dad, you're for spanking people at school, you're for, you know, everything that was not Democratic. And he was like, yeah? But who gives us the cheese? And I was like, all right, great.
INSKEEP: Do you think all this debate over immigration has changed the way that immigrants see themselves?
Mr. MENCIA: Yes. When the first rally started, I got in trouble because I went on the show and I said: listen, you do not come to a country, say that you love this country, say that you want to stay in this country because it's such a great country, and carry the symbol of a different flag. And...
INSKEEP: People waved the Mexican flag at these rallies?
Mr. MENCIA: Or other flags. That's what people see. They see that you have allegiance toward another country, more than this one. And I think that, after all the stuff that went down, they began to see that America doesn't want to kick them out, but that what America wants is appreciation and acculturation. Because that's what this issue is about.
When I went to Birmingham, Alabama, there were people upset. Were they upset that there were people cutting their grass? No. They were upset that when they went to the mall there were places that only spoke Spanish. There were people that were walking around with Mexican flags making Birmingham look like a different place.
INSKEEP: You have routine in which you say that you are totally fine with racial profiling.
Mr. MENCIA: Yes. But it's only because we do it all the time.
(Soundbite of "Mind of Mencia" Comedy Central)
Mr. MENCIA: When I dress like this, driving a $120,000 car, Carlos gets pulled over about 80 percent of the time. When the cops pull me over, I don't get mad. Sir, do you know why I pulled you over? I'm like, Hello! Go ahead and check my car. Are you sure? Dude, it's cool. I have time. I always come early.
INSKEEP: During the routine, you say something that surprised me, when I heard it. You said that it's just fine if some cop looks at you and assumes that you're a drug dealer, because actually, when you were 19, you were one.
Mr. MENCIA: Right.
INSKEEP: Is that true?
Mr. MENCIA: Yeah. I was stupid and I was dealing drugs. And I had a full time job at the time and I was going to school full time, trying to get a degree in electrical engineering. Somebody owed me money, so this is how stupid I was. I called him up and I said, I'm coming to your house. If you don't have my money you better not be there. And when I got there the person wasn't there. I broke into their house, took video equipment, all kinds of stuff, so that I could sell it to make my money back. And on the way home I realized, what did I just break into somebody's house? My God! What is wrong with me? And at that point, I stopped and everything just came to a screeching halt.
But, yeah, I mean, you know, I'm not ashamed. I am frail like everyone else and I take that into account when I talk about things.
INSKEEP: And now you're a parent.
Mr. MENCIA: Yeah, we're expecting one right now, as a matter of fact.
INSKEEP: What are you telling your kids, or planning to tell your kids, about their identity, and about some of the issues that you touch on in your comedy?
Mr. MENCIA: I'm going to talk to them about what I know best: my family. Their father, you know, their grandfather. They're grandfather's grandfather. But I'm going to teach them what I was taught - love, respect, decency, honesty. I mean, the biggest thing in the world is compassion. My comedy is about, lift yourself. See reality. Change the reality if you don't like it. But if you can't, then deal with things as they are because crying about it isn't going to change anything. Changing it or doing something about it, will.
And so, I'm weird, you know? I'll go off on a rant about, I don't care what kind of job you have. It' not my fault you have your job. If you don't like your job, then change it by getting some better skills. Until then, shut up and get my burger with a smile like in the commercials.
INSKEEP: The comedian Carlos Mencia begins this week's talks on immigration. You can already hear some of the themes: assimilation and identity. Tomorrow we'll talk with the author John Updike. His imaginings of an immigrant's son led to a novel called, Terrorist.
This is NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR. | <urn:uuid:43cce920-31d4-4871-829f-839405d42013> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://m.npr.org/news/front/5478147?singlePage=true | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706153698/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120913-00058-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983427 | 2,075 | 2.25 | 2 |
Tropical forests were largely intact until colonial times, when large tracts were removed to provide raw materials for railroads, ships, etc., in the period following the industrial revolution. The loss of tropical forests escalated in the second half of the 20th century. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 1996), about 15.4 million ha of natural tropical forests are lost each year. Of this, 42% occurs in Latin America, 31% in Africa, and 27% in Asia. Brunner et al. (1998) estimated tropical deforestation at 19.1 million ha/yr during the period 1990 to 1995. There has, however, been a large increase in area devoted to forest plantations. By 1990, there were 61.3 million ha under plantations and the rate of establishment is now about 3.2 million ha/yr (FAO, 1996).
As pointed out by the IPCC (IPCC, 1996) global estimates of C emissions from deforestation have remained highly uncertain and show high geographical variability. The magnitude of forest regeneration (particularly secondary forest regrowth and regrowth of abandoned lands) and forest degradation processes is not well documented. Improving the accuracy of these estimates remains an urgent and challenging task (Houghton et al., 2000).
Estimates of C emissions from land-use change and forestry activities in the
tropics during the1990s range from 1.1 to 1.7GtC/yr, with a best estimate of
1.6GtC/yr (Brown et al., 1996b; Melillo et al., 1993; Bolin et al., 2000). These
estimates may change with improved information on biomass densities and land-use
conversion. Detailed studies for major tropical countries in the early 1990s,
studies that include forest regeneration and afforestation, show lower net emissions
for most countries than those from aggregate estimates (Makundi et al., 1998).
A review of scenarios of future land-use changes in the tropics, and their implications for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, shows a wide range of estimates, particularly for the first part of the 21st century, where estimates differ by a factor of 14 (Alcamo and Swart, 1998). These disparities reflect a lack of agreement on the definition of deforestation, and a lack of knowledge and agreement on the estimation of C emissions (Alcamo and Swart, 1998). These scenarios can be divided into two groups: in one group emissions decline smoothly after 1990; in the other group emissions increase for a few decades after 1990.
The rates and causes of land-use change vary by region and scale (Kaimowitz and Angelsen, 1998). Deforestation is often considered a one way process, but the landscape is a dynamic mosaic of land uses and vegetation types, with transitions both to and away from forest (Houghton et al., 2000). Natural factors, such as forest fires and pests, as well as socio-economic processes, many of which are not seen at the local level, interact in complex ways, complicating analysis. Understanding the causes of this mosaic of land-use and/or land-cover transitions in order to understand and predict the net effect on deforestation rates and C emissions remains a key research challenge.
Conversion of forests to pasture and cropland has been the most important proximal cause of tropical deforestation. Non-sustainable logging has been the leading factor in parts of Southeast Asia, whereas excessive harvest of wood fuel has been important only in specific sub-country regions and in some African countries (Kaimowitz and Angelsen, 1998). According to Bawa and Dayanandan (1997), the causes (correlates) of deforestation are many and varied, with complex interactions. Overall, Bawa and Dayanandan found that population density, cattle density, and external debt were the key factors. In Africa, the most important factors were extraction of fuelwood and charcoal and demand for cropland; in Asia, it was cropland; and in Latin America, it was cattle density.Most analyses of land-use change and forestry have concentrated on proximal reasons for land-use and/or land-cover change; that is, on land uses such as agriculture, pasture, and timber extraction that replace forests. But Meyer and Turner (1992) have identified six underlying forces: (1) population, (2) level of affluence, (3) technology, (4) political economy, (5) political structure, and 6) attitudes and values. The influence of each varies by region and country.
The rate of population growth is now apparently declining, but the population, and hence the demand for food and other land services, is still growing (Roberts, 1999). Population growth has been widely cited as a major cause of deforestation (Myers, 1989), but the relationship between population and deforestation is not simple. Population growth exerts increasing pressure on resources, but whether these pressures lead to forest degradation or to positive changes (e.g., afforestation, improved forest management, and better technology) depends largely on social structure. Extensive migration may also lead to deforestation and soil erosion. Simplistic assumptions about population and deforestation also do not apply where high population densities and/or growth rates are accompanied by forest conservation and reforestation programmes. In India, for example, deforestation rates have declined since 1980, despite population growth, owing to effective forest conservation legislation (Ravindranath and Hall, 1994).
Patterns that affect land-use are changed by economic development. Affluence usually increases consumption, but it does not necessarily decrease terrestrial C stocks. The maintenance of ecosystems tends to improve with increasing and better distribution of wealth, as well as with proper institutional structures and sound development strategies. The demand for and interest in forests and their services is the driving force for the technological and economic capacity to maintain forests. Also, wealthy societies tend to be urbanized and this may reduce destructive pressures on forests. Technological development provides efficient tools for land-use change and for high-value, alternative uses. Technology can also limit encroachment. As seen by the green revolution in agriculture, technological development can increase productivity on intensively managed land, thereby releasing other land areas from agriculture (Waggoner, 1994). Nevertheless, there is always the risk of leakage (i.e., tendencies to transfer destructive operations from the developed to less developed areas and countries), or the possibility that technology development and transfer will have positive spillover effects (Brown et al., 2000; Noble et al., 2000)
In many countries, especially those seeking development of frontier areas, subsidies are provided for activities promoting economic development. Land clearing may be subsidized directly or by providing property rights to cleared land. Frontier development is often considered desirable for security or where there is a disputed area.
Land-use change is driven largely by efforts perceived as best and highest use of the land. But benefits of the land that are non-market and/or external to the direct user (e.g., watershed protection, biodiversity, and carbon mitigation) may be ignored by land managers. For example, the decision to convert forestland to agriculture may ignore the many external and non-market benefits lost. Moreover, where long-term land rights are insecure, lands may be used to generate short-term benefits, with disregard for long-term benefits.
Factors related to social structure and political economy have not been studied widely, but studies at the country and regional levels suggest that deforestation is favoured by the following factors: growing landlessness and persistent inequalities in access to land, insecure land tenure, land speculation, rising external debt, large-scale expansion in commercial agriculture, erosion of traditional systems of resource management and community control, and widespread migration of impoverished people to ecologically fragile areas (Hecht, 1985; Palo and Uusivuori, 1999; Tole, 1998).
Other reports in this collection | <urn:uuid:8e818ea1-54a8-4de5-a575-f072e9e2117e> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg3/159.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696382584/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092622-00011-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934008 | 1,619 | 3.9375 | 4 |
of Physics Students
Table of Contents:
What is SPS?
The Society of Physics Students is a professional physics association explicitly
designed for students. Membership, through collegiate chapters, is open
to anyone interested in physics. Within SPS, Sigma Pi Sigma, a nationally
recognized scholastic honor society, inducts members on the basis of outstanding
academic achievement. This two-in-one Society operates within the American
Institute of Physics (AIP).
The SPS is essentially a self-governing society created to serve
the interests undergraduate and graduate students in physics. It was formed
in April 1968, from the union of the AIP Students Sections and Sigma Pi
Sigma. The Student Sections had been established by AIP. Sigma Pi Sigma
originated as a local honor society at Davidson College, North Carolina,
At present there are over 600 active chapters of SPS on campuses
across the country. Approximately 6,000 students take part in the chapter
activities, making SPS the fourth largest physics society in the country.
Over 400 chapters include the honor society as part of their activities
and have about 2,500 active members. Total membership in Sigma Pi Sigma,
including alumni, exceeds 58,000.
To the Individual Student
Your SPS chapter is largely autonomous. Only those items specified in the
national SPS constitution are limiting factors. The constitution can be
amended only on recommendation of the National Council followed by approval
from two-thirds of the SPS chapters. Thus SPS is your society and deserves
your active participation and support. We urge you to use your membership
in the Society of Physics Students to participate in the physics community,
both on your own campus and on the regional and national levels.
Why Join SPS?
The Society provides each student the opportunity of participating in the
physics community on a professional basis. Chapter meetings can provide
an opportunity for discussions on the relation of science to other fields,
e.g., political science, art, music, etc. The only limitation is the imagination
of your group.
National Meetings enable SPS members to get together as physics students
to discuss their mutual problems and exchange ideas. Many of these meeting
include sessions where students can present papers on their activities,
including research projects. Nationally know physicists are invited to
present papers describing work at the forefront of physics.
Members of SPS receive Physics
Today, the publication sent to all members of AIP Member Societies;
the Journal of Undergraduate Research in Physics, where student research
is published; and the SPS Newsletter, published five times per year, which
covers local, regional, and national SPS activities and includes the latest
job information. They may subscribe at special member rates to AIP and
Member Society journals including: American
Journal of Physics, The Physics Teacher, Applied Physics Letters, Journal
of Applied Physics, The Journal of Chemical Physics, Computers in Physics,Journal
of Mathematical Physics, Physics of Fluids, Review of Scientific Instruments,
Physics of Plasmas, and Chaos.
SPS members may apply for one of the SPS Scholarships. Marsh White Awards
are given to SPS chapters "to support projects designed to promote interest
in physics among students and the general public." The Sigma Pi Sigma Undergraduate
Research Award program provides, on the basis of an annual competition
among active SPS chapters, calendar year grants to support local chapter
activities that are deemed imaginative and likely to contribute to the
strengthening of the SPS program. All services of AIP, including the placement
service, are available to the members of SPS.
What is the National Organization?
The policies of SPS are set by the National Council, which is elected by
chapters within geographic zones. Faculty members are nominated by chapters
to represent their zones as Councilors. If elected they will serve for
three-year terms. The President of the SPS National Council and the President
of Sigma Pi Sigma are elected by the chapters for two-year terms. Associate
Councilors, students themselves, are also nominated by the chapters and
are elected for one-year terms. Both Councilors and Associate Councilors
participate in zone activities and in the annual policy-making meeting
of the Council. Councilors organize committees within zones and serve on
committees of the National Council. The Director of SPS is a salaried physicist,
designated by AIP to administer the National Office's services and programs
for SPS members.
What Do the Chapters Do?
Chapters promote activities for all students interested in physics. They
act as a service organization for the physics department and help to popularize
physics with the general collegiate public.
Chapters are encouraged to assist students in developing the knowledge,
competence, enthusiasm, and social responsibility essential to the advancement
of physics. They provide the opportunity to develop closer interaction
between students and faculty in both social and professional activities.
Eligible SPS chapters, with a Sigma Pi Sigma chapter, award recognition
and distinction to students who have achieved high scholarship by electing
them to membership in Sigma Pi Sigma.
What Does it Cost?
To cover, in part, the cost of the Society's services, members pay annual
national dues of $13. The remaining costs are covered by AIP funds. Members
receive a membership card to show their membership in SPS and may purchase
lapel emblems or pins.
Local dues are set by individual chapters. Our SPS Chapter requires
$10 a semester membership due. Most AIP member societies offer combined
SPS and student membership and reduced rates.
What is AIP?
The American Institute of Physics
was founded in 1931 as a membership corporation of the leading societies
in the field of physics. It combines into one operating agency those functions
on behalf of physics which can best be done by the societies jointly. Its
purpose is the advancement and diffusion of the knowledge of physics and
its applications to human welfare. It is a major publisher of scientific
How is a Chapter Formed?
All that's needed is a group of interested students, a faculty advisor,
and the approval of the physics department to petition for an SPS chapter.
Petition forms are available from the National Office. A chapter can be
established at any accredited college or university. Only a chapter at
a college or university offering a physics major is eligible to form an
SPS Address and Phone Numbers
Society of Physics Students
American Institute of Physics
One Physics Ellipse
College Park, MD 20740
TEL: (301) 209-3007
FAX: (301) 209-0839 | <urn:uuid:d95b2cf1-3387-4697-9256-8ab3d27abc68> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.shsu.edu/~org_sps/spsabout.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00032-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932484 | 1,410 | 2.25 | 2 |
Dear seekers, dear brothers and sisters, I wish to give a talk on renunciation. We are all seekers here, so we are not afraid of the word 'renunciation.' An ordinary, unaspiring person is usually alarmed the moment he hears the word 'renunciation.' For him, renunciation means giving up everything he loves and cherishes, whatever he claims to be his own. But as spiritual people, we know that renunciation means something else. It means giving up the things that are undivine, unreal, imperfect-things that are compelling us constantly to lag behind in our Godward march. Anything that is real in us, anything that is divine in us, anything that is perfect in us we will never renounce. As seekers of the transcendental Truth, we are not afraid of renunciation precisely because we know what we are going to renounce, and what we are going to achieve by renunciation. We are going to renounce the finite in order to achieve the Infinite, Eternal and Immortal that abides within us.
What do we renounce? We renounce our ego. We renounce ego precisely because our ego is limited and blind. What else do we renounce? We renounce our doubt. We renounce doubt because doubt is slow poison which will eventually kill us. We renounce our ignorance. We renounce ignorance because ignorance binds us and makes us feel that we are forever doomed to the earth bound consciousness. Ignorance makes us feel that we are weak and impotent, and that a life of Infinity, Eternity and Immortality is a far cry.
Renunciation cannot be achieved overnight. Nor can we get it by accident. For renunciation, we have to go deep within and pray and meditate. Also, we have to know the necessity of self conquest. This self-conquest is nothing but our self discovery, nothing short of God realisation. Self discovery and God realisation are one and the same, the obverse and the reverse of the same divine, spiritual, immortal coin.
India's greatest poet, Tagore, once remarked that he would renounce, but not in an austere manner. There are people who want to renounce everything and embrace the life of austerity, but austerity is not real renunciation. Real renunciation says we must enjoy the freedom of liberation here amidst our multifarious activities; we must achieve liberation through the purification, illumination and transformation of our limitations, imperfections and bondage. We must lead a normal, natural life but be constantly aware of the things that must be inwardly renounced for a higher, better, more fulfilling life.
The motto of the state of Oklahoma is most significant: "Labour conquers all things." Renunciation is dedicated labour, dedicated service. When we soulfully offer our dedicated service, we conquer everything and achieve everything. What is the thing that houses everything? God's Smile. When we offer our dedicated labour to God, God's Smile dawns in our life of dedication. A sincere, dedicated worker knows that his life is like a tree. A tree works very hard to offer us flowers and fruits, to offer us shade and shelter. From its root to its topmost bough, everything a tree has is a selfless offering. From the beginning to the end, the life of a tree is sacrifice. Even when we cut off a branch of the tree, the tree continues to offer us shelter and protection with its remaining branches. Similarly, when our dedicated service is misunderstood, we shall not stop serving or offering our Light. We shall go on with our dedicated service, for we know we came into the world for self giving. A man of dedicated service gets constant and abiding satisfaction from his labour regardless of whether or not the world accepts it.
This is the prayer of a sincere, genuine server of mankind, a divine labourer:
O ignorance, I wish to be a tree of compassion.
O man, I wish to be a tree of dedicated service.
O earth, I wish to be a tree of patience.
O Heaven, I wish to be a tree of constant aspiration, climbing up high, higher, highest.
Conscious renunciation is the manifestation of peace. An ordinary person is satisfied with the kind of peace which spiritual seekers see as mere compromise. It is a compromise between husband and wife, between nation and nation, between one adversary and another. This world needs real peace, but the moment some temporary agreement, some compromise, is reached, the world thinks it has achieved peace. But real peace is something infinitely more meaningful and fruitful than this. Real peace is our heart's infinite ecstasy and our soul's eternal satisfaction.
Renunciation is the manifestation of our awakened consciousness. An awakened consciousness is the bridge between Heaven and earth. In consciousness, man becomes; in consciousness, God is. Man becomes his highest Reality, which he once upon a time was. God is His all pervading, transcendental and universal Consciousness, which He eternally has been.
A man of renunciation raises the consciousness of others who are aspiring or who are about to aspire. This selfless act of his is the greatest gift that he can offer to humanity. The world is fascinated by miracles, but the greatest, the most fulfilling of all, is to raise the consciousness of others. An ordinary miracle lasts for a fleeting second, and when it ends we find ourselves in the same consciousness that we were in before. But when the true miracle takes place, our consciousness is elevated and illumined. As the man of renunciation marches forward toward the farthest Beyond, he climbs up an evolving ladder of transforming, divinised consciousness. By his very act of self transcendence, the man of renunciation inspires and elevates the consciousness of his brothers and sisters who want to climb up the same ladder. An ordinary person is afraid of transcendence. He feels that transcendence is something unknown, and perhaps unknowable. He feels that the moment he enters into the unknown, he will be thrown into the very jaws of a devouring tiger. But for true seekers, the unknown is not a ferocious animal. The unknown is something or someone whom we have not yet seen, but whose friendship we shall one day cherish and treasure. We are not afraid of the unknown because we pray and meditate. Our prayer and meditation is like a searchlight that lets us see far ahead. If we do not use this searchlight of prayer and meditation, we will not be able to see anything ahead of us. The unaspiring person feels that the only light is where he now stands, and that one step ahead of him is all unknown darkness. But in us, us seekers, there is a constantly burning lamp which illumines our path until we see that it has become sunlit and quite safe. And what is this lamp? It is our faith-our faith in God and our faith in ourselves.
For the beginner, for one who has just started walking along the path, renunciation is necessary and obligatory. But for an advanced seeker, renunciation is not necessary. If someone is on the verge of realisation or has made tremendous progress in the inner life, renunciation takes a different form for him. He does not actually renounce anymore, but he tries to transform. If he feels fear in the world or in himself, he does not renounce fear, but with his inner light and wisdom he transforms it into courage. If he sees the world's doubt or his own doubt, with his inner light he transforms it into faith. When he transforms fear into courage, this courage is nothing short of divine manifestation. And when he transforms doubt into faith, this faith is the eternally sunlit path toward the ultimate Beyond. At this point, renunciation is the transformation of our earth bound consciousness into the Heaven free consciousness. Earth's pangs and privations are transformed into Heaven's boundless yet ever increasing Delight. Ignorance is transformed into divine Wisdom, darkness into
Light, imperfection into Perfection, and human bondage into transcendental Liberation.
March 6th, 1974
University of Tulsa
Westby Student Center, Great Hall | <urn:uuid:ff93f54b-f967-4a92-aac7-aa66432a5c85> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.srichinmoy.org/resources/library/talks/transformation/renunciation/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705559639/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115919-00041-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947921 | 1,664 | 1.65625 | 2 |
12c. Here Is Told The Meeting of Cuchulain And Finnabair
"Let a message be sent to him," said Ailill, "that Finnabair my daughter will be bestowed on him, and for him to keep away from the hosts." Manè Athramail ('Fatherlike') goes to him. But first he addresses himself to Laeg. "Whose man art thou?" spake Manè. Now Laeg made no answer. Thrice Manè addressed him in this same wise. "Cuchulain's man," Laeg answers, "and provoke me not, lest it happen I strike thy head off thee!" "This man is mad," quoth Manè as he leaves him.
Then he goes to accost Cuchulain. It was there Cuchulain had doffed his tunic, and the deep snow was around him where he sat, up to his belt, and the snow had melted a cubit around him for the greatness of the heat of the hero. And Manè addressed him three times in like manner, whose man he was?" Conchobar's man, and do not provoke me. For if thou provokes me any longer I will strike thy head off thee as one strikes off the head of a blackbird!" "No easy thing," quoth Manè, "to speak to these two." Thereupon Manè leaves them and tells his tale to Ailill and Medb.
"Let Lugaid go to him," said Ailill, "and offer him the girl." Thereupon Lugaid goes and repeats this to Cuchulain. "O master Lugaid," quoth Cuchulain, "it is a snare!" "It is the word of a king; he hath said it," Lugaid answered; "there can be no snare in it." "So be it," said Cuchulain. Forthwith Lugaid leaves him and takes that answer to Ailill and Medb. "Let the fool go forth in my form," said Ailill, "and the king's crown on his head, and let him stand some way off from Cuchulain lest he know him; and let the girl go with him and let the fool promise her to him, and let them depart quickly in this wise. And methinks ye will play a trick on him thus, so that he will not stop you any further till he comes with the Ulstermen to the battle."
Then the fool goes to him and the girl along with him, and from afar he addresses Cuchulain. The Hound comes to meet him. It happened he knew by the man's speech that he was a fool. A clingstone that was in his hand he threw at him so that it entered his head and bore out his brains. He comes up to the maiden, cuts off her two tresses and thrusts a stone through her cloak and her tunic, and plants a standing-stone through the middle of the fool. Their two pillar-stones are there, even the pillar-stone of Finnabair and the pillar-stone of the fool.
Cuchulain left them in this plight. A party was sent out from Ailill and Medb to search for their people, for it was long they thought they were gone, when they saw them in this wise. This thing was noised abroad by all the host in the camp. Thereafter there was no truce for them with Cuchulain. | <urn:uuid:f75db0a6-e07d-46fc-b255-a04883ad299b> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/cool/cool12c.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706153698/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120913-00002-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984791 | 724 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Center for Archival Collections
|Reference Services | Manuscripts by Subject | Purchasing Microfilm | CAC Homepage|
Nativity Catholic Church (Toledo, Ohio) - MS 867 mf
The records of Nativity Catholic Church, 1922 - 1982, were transferred for microfilming to the Center for Archival Collections, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, in June 2001, with the cooperation of Reverend Gerald E. Knueven of St. Anthony Catholic Church, Toledo, Ohio.
The collection consists of baptisms * , first communions, confirmations, marriages * and deaths. Due to inconsistencies in pagination and transcription of data, researchers are encouraged to refer to all volumes within each series. (See order of microfilming for a detailed list of these records.)
This register and this collection was prepared by Jennifer Golis in June 2001.
* There is a seventy (70) year access restriction on baptism and marriage records. No restrictions apply to the remainder of this collection.
In 1922, Nativity Catholic Church was established to help minister the Polish population of Toledo. It was formed from the division of the territory of St. Anthony Catholic Church. In that same year the parish bought and renovated a church on Nebraska Street. In 1972, Nativity Catholic Church became a Mission of St. Anthony Church because the number of members in the parish was falling rapidly. On May 23, 1982, the last mass was said and the parish was closed permanently.
Mossing, Lawrence A. S.T.D. History of the Diocese of Toledo. West Central Section. Toledo and Lucas County. Diocese of Toledo. Toledo, Ohio. 1985. Pages 29 - 30.
- First Communions, 1923 - 1965
- Confirmations, 1923 - 1980
- Deaths, 1922 - 1981
Roll 2 (RESTRICTIONS APPLY)
- Baptisms, 1922 - 1960
- Baptisms, 1961 - 1982
- Marriages, 1922 - 1978
Bowling Green State University | Bowling Green, OH 43403-0001 | Contact Us | Campus Map | Accessibility Policy | <urn:uuid:5d20c582-c1b2-4aab-a51e-424f6aa704ac> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.bgsu.edu/colleges/library/cac/ms/page45974.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703682988/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112802-00007-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935334 | 440 | 1.671875 | 2 |
High angular resolution techniques at infrared and centimeter to millimeter wavelengths have become of ever increasing importance for astrophysical research in the past decade. They have led to important breakthroughs, like the direct imaging of protoplanetary discs and of the first exoplanets, the measurement of stellar orbits around the black hole at the center of the Milky Way, or the detection of sub-parsec-scale jets in low luminosity AGN. With adaptive optics in a mature state, infrared/optical astronomy is pushing toward extreme adaptive optics, extremely large telescopes, and infrared/optical interferometry with large aperture telescopes. At longer wavelengths, large arrays start to conquer the sub-millimeter window, with the mid-term goal of global VLBI at sub-millimeter wavelengths. These new techniques will have enormous impact on the field because they will enable us to address issues such as directly measuring the properties of exoplanets, imaging the surfaces of stars, examining stellar dynamics in extremely dense cluster cores, disentangling the processes at the bottom of black hole accretion flows in the jet launching region, or testing general relativity in the strong gravity regime near the event horizon of supermassive black holes. This conference aims at an interdisciplinary approach by bringing together astrophysicists from the three great branches of the field, instrumentation, observation, and theory, to discuss the current state of research and the possibilities offered by the next-generation instruments.
AHAR 2011 is going to take place from 29. August - 2. September
with 28. August and 3. September as potential arrival and departure dates.
Venue is the Physikzentrum
Bad Honnef. The Physikzentrum Bad Honnef has been serving as the
main meeting point of the German Physical Society (DPG) since 1976.
It offers a secluded setting for research conferences, seminars, and
workshops. The mansion housing the Physikzentrum is located in the
small town of Bad Honnef, at the foot of the Siebengebirge ("the
Seven Hills") on the right bank of the Rhine river south of
Bonn, about 40 km south of Köln. The lecture hall in the
Physikzentrum is one of the best of its kind. It offers seating to up to
120 participants with a modern double rear projection, interactive
electronic board, full video conferencing equipment, and acoustics
that makes using the audio equipment in many cases superfluous.
Technical equipment includes data-, overhead- and videoprojection,
poster- and blackboards, and wireless internet access. Downstairs a
comfortable and cosy clubroom invites for discussions and extended
talks in the evenings.
The Physikzentrum inside
The lecture hall
Due to the limited capacity of the conference center and in order to provide a good atmosphere for discussions and scientific exchange, there will be a hard upper limit of 120 participants
The conference fee is 550 Euros, what includes the refereed proceedings, conference management, taxes, full board and the conference dinner on a restaurant ship on the river Rhine. Participants have to organize their own accomodation. Lodging in the Physikzentrum is possible and we also have a number of rooms in a good hotel at hand. Prices for rooms (including breakfast) are ranging from 26 Euros to 60 Euros per day (details can be found here)
Some financial support for students will be available. Please contact the LOC if you are in need of financial assistance. The LOC/SOC may grant stipends in certain cases. A criterion for eligibility is the relevance of the contribution of the applicant to the conference.
Upon request we can deliver a letter of invitation.
The following procedure has been adopted for registration:
There is an obligatory pre-registration which opens February 15th. At pre-registration, potential participants provide information on whether they would like to present a talk or a poster, together with a preliminary short abstract (there is also an option for "no presentation"). Based on this information, the SOC/LOC will select presentations relevant to the topic of the workshop. Until May 15th the SOC/LOC will inform all registered persons concerning the status of their acceptance and the selected type of presentation. Accepted participants will be forwarded a internet link with the instructions for final registration and payment of the conference fee. The deadline for final registration and payment of the conference fee will be June 30th.
Please be aware that due to the time constraints of the workshop the final decision on the form of your presentation will be taken by the SOC/LOC.
The Central Kiloparsec in Galactic Nuclei, AHAR2011 is organized by the 1. physics institute of the university of Cologne, Germany. The workshop is sponsored by the Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIfR) in Bonn (Germany) by COST and by the SFB 956.
Last Update: 09/03/2011 at 13:02 CET | <urn:uuid:7ddb9539-e89b-4397-bd09-ff6042b06637> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.astro.uni-koeln.de/afs/teaching_seminars/conferences/AHAR2011/MainFrame_.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709037764/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125717-00047-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.910112 | 1,046 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Saga, the provider of services for the over 50s, has introduced a health screening service that offers an affordable way to access CT (computerised tomography) scans.
The Saga MultiScan is a combination of CT scans and blood tests, specifically developed to screen for common conditions affecting those aged 50 and over. This includes osteoporosis, early signs of heart disease and colon cancer, high cholesterol and type 2 diabetes.
The full scan costs £530, substantially cheaper than the £1,000 that the scans and tests would cost if bought separately.
The full scanning regime includes a CT coronary calcium scan, which can detect the presence of coronary heart disease much earlier and much more accurately than any other non invasive method of screening.
Andrew Goodsell, Chief Executive, Saga, said: "It is well documented that as a nation we are living longer, but unfortunately as we get older our risk of developing certain conditions does increase. CT scanning can give us peace of mind and enable us to take actions to improve our life chances."
According to Saga one in three women and one in 12 men aged over 50 suffer from osteoporosis, 99 per cent of coronary heart disease deaths occur amongst the over 45s and approximately 100,000 people are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes each year.
© Adfero Ltd
Private treatment news : 13/10/2006 | <urn:uuid:98385b31-2dc1-416c-9b08-19ec77d2c48a> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.privatehealth.co.uk/news/october-2006/health-screening-introduced-by-saga/?vAction=fntUp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706153698/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120913-00032-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951846 | 279 | 2.03125 | 2 |
When I first met the NASA climate researcher Gavin Schmidt a few years ago, we discussed the proliferation of material on the Internet attacking mainstream climate science. I asked him whether he thought climate contrarians were flirting with conspiracy theory in their views.
“Flirting?” he said. “No. They’ve already had conspiracy theory out on a hot date, and now it’s the morning after and they’re sitting up in bed, having coffee.”
I happened to recall that conversation the other day as I read the latest chapter of a remarkable back-and-forth between mainstream researchers and climate contrarians.
It all started last year, when a social scientist named Stephan Lewandowsky, of the University of Western Australia, and two colleagues published a rather provocative paper. It was based on an anonymous Internet survey of the readers of climate blogs.
The title alone will give you a sense of the findings: “NASA Faked the Moon Landings – Therefore (Climate) Science is a Hoax.” The subtitle was “An Anatomy of the Motivated Rejection of Science.”
The strongest finding in the survey was that ideological belief in an unregulated free market tended to be a predictor of someone’s willingness to reject the findings of mainstream climate research. No great surprise there. It was the secondary findings that set off a brouhaha.
Dr. Lewandowsky’s survey results suggested that people who rejected climate science were more likely than other respondents to reject other scientific or official findings and buy into assorted fringe theories: that NASA faked the moon landing, that the Central Intelligence Agency killed Martin Luther King Jr., that the AIDS virus was unleashed by the government, and so forth.
This piece of research appeared in a specialized journal in psychological science, but it did not take long to find its way onto climate skeptics’ blogs, setting off howls of derision.
A theory quickly emerged: that believers in climate science had been the main people taking Dr. Lewandowsky’s survey, but instead of answering honestly, had decided en masse to impersonate climate contrarians, giving the craziest possible answers so as to make the contrarians look like whack jobs.
So, a paper about a tendency among this group to believe in conspiracy theories was met by … a conspiracy theory.
Dr. Lewandowsky and his collaborators were taken aback, but not for long. As far-fetched ideas about the survey ricocheted around the Internet, they realized that manna was falling on them from heaven.
They started collecting the relevant blog posts, attempting to trace ideas to their origin, and observing how readily new conspiracy theories were embraced by the contrarians.
The result is yet another paper, just out recently. Again, the title tells the tale: “Recursive fury: Conspiracist ideation in the blogosphere in response to research on conspiracist ideation.”
Now, I will confess to being a bit of a skeptic myself about the value of Internet surveys, which tend to draw a self-selected population of respondents. And the only science I follow closely these days is physical research into the climate system, so I will let others with more expertise in the social sciences judge the merits of these papers.
But for sheer entertainment, they are both great reads – especially the second one, with its long passages about how the minds of conspiracy theorists work to seal off doubt and contrary evidence.
The heart of the second paper is a narrative of the eruption of various theories regarding the first paper, with elements of conspiratorial thinking explicitly identified in each case. Before the fever died down, one blogger was comparing Australian climate research to Soviet political repression, spinning a web of treachery that involved the Australian government, the University of Western Australia, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and other groups.
(Judging from some of the e-mail I get, The New York Times is also seen in some quarters as part of a global plot to foist a scientific hoax on the public.)
Parts of this second paper remind me of the timeless Richard Hofstadter essay, “The Paranoid Style in American Politics,” which is, by the way, essential reading for anyone trying to understand the influence of climate denialism on modern American or Australian or British politics. It was written in the early 1960s and contains not a word about climate change, but anyone who has followed the climate wars closely will recognize a lot of the themes in the essay.
When I recently reminded Dr. Schmidt of our conversation from a few years back, he replied that it was “worth pointing out that just because an argument is used by a conspiracy theorist doesn’t make it wrong, and that just because someone agrees with a conspiracy theorist on something, it doesn’t make them a crank.”
Indeed, some of the strongest online reaction to Dr. Lewandowsky’s original paper came from intelligent climate contrarians who were offended at being labeled part of the tinfoil hat brigade. Whatever you think of their position on global warming, some of them have remarkable statistical skills and have made contributions, generally modest, to the scientific literature.
And yet, in other corners of the climate contrarian movement, words like “conspiracy” and “hoax” keep cropping up. Sen. James Inhofe, an Oklahoma Republican who is the standard-bearer for the climate contrarians in Congress, scored a double last year in the title of a book he published: “The Greatest Hoax: How the Global Warming Conspiracy Threatens Your Future.” | <urn:uuid:0b27d60f-7775-4388-af13-fb2644208a7d> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/02/21/unlocking-the-conspiracy-mindset/?ref=earth | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696382584/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092622-00063-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9537 | 1,163 | 1.875 | 2 |
Armstrong - "(The LEC) was a piece of equipment that did not exist - was not planned - until we were someplace in the middle of our training cycle. And we were not confident about our ability to transfer articles to and from the cabin and the surface. I can't remember who devised this idea, but it was devised collectively by our EVA planning group. It was a jury-rig that we collectively devised."The Apollo 11 style LEC was used on Apollos 11 through 15; although, beginning with Apollo 14, the astronauts sometimes carried equipment up and down the ladder by hand. The Apollo 16 and 17 crews flew with only a simple lanyard with which they raised and lowered the Equipment Transfer Bag with its cargo of relatively fragile cameras at the side of the porch, as Buzz had suggested. None of the astronauts had clear memories of the LEC attachment hardware that was used in the cabin.
Aldrin - "It was needed. There wasn't another solution to the problem. Didn't it do the job reasonably well?"
Armstrong - "Yeah, it did."
Aldrin - "It wasn't very professional."
Armstrong - "It was a bit of a jury-rig, but it did the job."
Aldrin - "I guess one problem was that it tended to carry up dust? It didn't have a pulley, you just lifted at the top. Or did it have a pulley?" (see below)
Armstrong - "It was a flat nylon strap, as I remember..."
Aldrin - "Didn't it just go through the AOT guard, or did it have a pulley?"
Armstrong - "I don't remember. It may have been some kind of a cylinder with a hook."
Aldrin, from the 1969 Technical Debrief - "There are alternate ways of bringing things up, other than by the LEC. I think there is promise of being able to bring things up over the side (of the porch); straight up, versus making use of the LEC. We didn't have the opportunity to exercise those."
Prior to deployment, the LEC was stowed in nested cloth bags.
NASA photo S69-37994 ( 269k ) shows the LEC positioned on the parts of the inner bag, which will be assembled with Velcro fastenings.
NASA photo S69-37995 ( 242k ) shows the inner bag partially assembled.
NASA photo S69-37996 ( 257k ) shows the inner bag fully assembled.
NASA photo S69-37997 ( 248k ) shows the outer stowage bag containing what are believed to be two 'waist tethers', each with a carabiner at either end. Note that the outer bag, itself, is equpped with a short strap and carabiner. The purpose of the 'waist tethers' is not clear; but, during Apollo 11, one was attached to the spare Hasselblad that Buzz placed on the cabin floor just inside the hatch during the EVA.
NASA photo S69-37999 ( 253k ) shows the outer bag with its own strap and carabiner tucked in and, stowed on edge at left and right, two extra carabiners. These are probably the carabiners that Neil and Buzz attached to their neckring tiedown straps. Buzz's can be seen in a detail from AS11-40-5873 and, more clearly, in a detail from training photo KSC-69PC-362.
NASA photo S69-37998 ( 283k ) shows the outer bag with the LEC carabiners and pulley added. The inner bag is out of frame to the left.
NASA photo S69-38000 ( 312k ) shows the inner bag in place prior to closure of the outer bag.
[Training photo S69-32232 shows Neil operating the LEC while Buzz watches. During the mission, Buzz was always in the cabin during LEC operations.]
Return to Journal Home Page | <urn:uuid:2e64046a-9620-4836-abbf-81db672578a2> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://history.nasa.gov/alsj/alsj-lec.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368701459211/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516105059-00048-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969306 | 839 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Posted by James Briggs on January 18, 2003
In Reply to: Re: Bated breath posted by R. Berg on January 18, 2003
: : Would like to know The meaning of the phrase Waiting with baited breath??
: It's "bated breath." It means waiting while holding your breath; compare the popular saying "Don't hold your breath," used when the wait for something is expected to be long and, more likely, the thing may never come. "Bate" means "to lessen the force of; moderate" and is related to "abate" (American Heritage Dictionary).
This use of 'bated' is about the only example left in the English language; 'abate' is much more common. Both words come from the Old French "abatre", to "beat down" or "fell".
See also - the Meaning and origin of 'bated breath'. | <urn:uuid:65276b38-9345-4395-98b4-c6d48871b33a> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.phrases.org.uk/bulletin_board/18/messages/401.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700264179/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516103104-00061-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953211 | 186 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Aspirin may help older colon cancer patients live longer
Older adults with colon cancer who were prescribed a daily aspirin were less likely to die than those who weren't, according to a new study.
While the results need to be confirmed with more rigorous studies, they add to the evidence linking aspirin use to longer survival for cancer patients. Studies have also suggested the inexpensive drug can prevent some types of the disease from occurring in the first place.
Medical guidelines currently endorse the use of low-dose aspirin to prevent heart disease, but not to fight or prevent cancer.
The new study, published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, included more than 500 colon-cancer patients in the Netherlands aged 70 and older. More than 100 were prescribed daily low-dose "baby" aspirin for heart protection after their cancer diagnosis.
Between 1998 and 2007, the death rate for those prescribed aspirin was about half that of the non-aspirin users. The effect was biggest in people with more advanced cancer and in those who received no chemotherapy.
Anything that might improve survival in elderly adults with colon cancer would be welcome, since there is no consensus on whether to use chemotherapy in those patients, according to the study.
Previous studies have also associated aspirin use with increased survival. Research published in October in the New England Journal of Medicine suggested that aspirin therapy could extend survival for colon cancer patients whose tumors had a specific genetic mutation.
Still, more scientifically rigorous randomized controlled trials will be needed to confirm the findings of studies that are based on observation after the fact, and therefore less definitive about what actually causes the effect seen.
"We're pretty sure this is a real effect, but we're not sure of the magnitude," said Dr. Gerrit Jan Liefers of Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands, an author of the new study. He said he didn't expect randomized trials would show such a large survival advantage. Liefers is working to develop such a trial in the Netherlands.
One limitation of the study is that it looked at aspirin prescriptions, not actual use of the drug. (Low-dose aspirin for heart-disease protection isn't available over the counter in the Netherlands.) It's possible that heart benefits from aspirin might have helped the patients live longer, but the study authors said that alone couldn't account for the big difference in death rates. Also, there might be differences between the groups unaccounted for by researchers that led to the improved survival among the aspirin users. Continued...
Liefers said it's not completely clear how aspirin might combat colon cancer. One likely route: blocking the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2, or COX-2, which is involved in inflammation and is expressed in about 70 percent of colon tumors.
Boris Pasche, director of the hematology and oncology division at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, said it would be helpful to figure out who would benefit from and who could skip daily aspirin.
"It's a fairly benign drug, but it has side effects," including bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract and the brain, Pasche said.
He said patients should discuss with their physicians whether it makes sense to take aspirin at this point. "This supports the concept, but we need a prospective randomized trial," he said.
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From Naumann, Bernd, _Auschwitz: A Report on the Proceedings Against Robert Karl Ludwig Mulka and Others Before the Court at Frankfurt_, trans. Jean Steinberg, 1966. The Auschwitz trial at Frankfurt of 1963-65 charged "a handful of intolerable cases" who had escaped prosecution after the war. Naumann's book is simply an accounting of the testimony and events of the trial, told dispassionately, direct quotations mixed with paraphrase. Page 75; the defendent Klehr is being examined: Kremer had been condemned to death in Poland, later pardoned, and after twelve years deported to Germany. He subsequently was sentenced to ten years by a court in Muenster. The journal of the former SS doctor repeatedly cropped up in the interrogation of Klehr. The court, the prosecution, and Klehr himself as well -- all cite it. Kremer wrote that on September 5, 1942, he had had an excellent lunch of tomato soup, cold chicken, red cabbage, and "marvelous vanilla ice cream." According to the next sentence, there had been a "special action" at 8 P.M. Prosecuting attorney Vogel makes a point of this entry to Klehr because under the same date there is mention of the arrival of the new chief medical officer, Dr. Wirths, and Klehr claims to have been a medical orderly in the base camp only until Wirths's arrival. Page 160; Kremer takes the stand: The eighty-year-old former professor and chief of anatomy at Muenster Johann Kremer tells the jury how he selected victims for Klehr and supervised gassings in Auschwitz. Not one word of regret. The former doctor, who was stripped of his academic degrees, considers it "humanly understandable" that the executioners asked for special liquor and cigarette rations. "After all, it was war, and cigarettes and liquor were in short supply. So they were after it. They saved the coupons and then they went over to get their bottles filled." "You too?" "Yes, everyone went over." Kremer can afford to speak the unadorned truth. Nothing can happen to him anymore. The Poles condemned him to death for crimes committed in Auschwitz. On the day he was to have been executed his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment, and in 1958 he was deported to West Germany. There he faced another trial and was sentenced to ten years for complicity in murder; the time served in Poland was credited against the sentence. Since then former camp doctor Kremer has been a pensioner in his native city. His name popped up repeatedly during the trial, when portions from his journal, primarily a record of what the SS officers ate at their meals, were read. For example, one entry says that the dessert was excellent and then, quite incidentally, mentions that Klehr had "inoculated six women" before dinner. "What was your job?" "Mainly clerical work in the outer office of the chief medical officer. There I had to serve out my time and make out mountains of death reports. I never saw the bodies." "Were you present at selections?" "No." [Note: a selection is the process of choosing which inmates live and which die. It does not refer to the actual gassing process itself, several of which Kremer did attend; see the file kremers-diary for information on this.] Hofmeyer tells Kremer that earlier he had said and described how Dr. Entress ordered him to select the victims for Klehr and how he had fought this. "Yes, that wasn't at the hospital. I refused. Thereupon Klehr was assigned to me as assistant. Entress even said that he himself would take another look at the selected sick-callers." The witness asserts that he had selected only moribund patients and had relied on Entress' promise that he, Entress, would look at them once more. On being reminded, KRemer recalls that Klehr always added to the "group of victims." One day Klehr would add many, and another day few. "Klehr said, nothing doing, they belonged there." "You didn't fight this?" "There was nothing I could do." Had the witness ever seen a murder by phenol injection? "Yes, once I had to go there." "Klehr put on his doctor's coat and told the girl: 'You have a heart condition.' Then came the injection and I bolted." "Was Klehr alone?" "Yes." "Was the woman held down?" "No, she let him do it." Judge Hummerich is not satisfied with this reply: "It seems improbable that you, a university professor and SS officer, would let a shoemaker from Uper Silesia -- as you yourself once called him -- lead you by the nose." "Civilian position did not matter. I had no authority over Klehr. He was under the command of the chief medical officer. I was merely a fifth wheel on the cart."
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Radicchio has been around for quite some time: Pliny mentions the marvelous red-lined lettuces of the Veneto region in his Naturalis Historia, noting that in addition to being tasty they're good for insomnia and purifying the blood; he also says it was the Egyptians who bred radicchio from its more wild ancestor, chicory. In the Middle Ages it was especially popular among monks, who welcomed anything that would add zest and flavor to the simple, predominately vegetarian diets proscribed by their orders. Not that the plant was limited to monastic kitchens; it also figured prominently on the tables of nobles, both cooked and raw: In 1537 Pietro Aretino advised a friend who had a garden to plant it, saying he much preferred it to "aroma-free lettuce and endive."
While tasty, this radicchio isn't the radicchio rosso we know today: the modern radicchio with its rich wine-red white-ribbed leaves was developed in the 1860s by Francesco Van Den Borre, a Belgian agronomist who applied the techniques used to whiten Belgian endive to the plants grown around Treviso. The process, which is called imbianchimento, is quite involved: the plants are harvested in late fall, their outer leaves are trimmed and discarded, they're packed into wire mesh baskets, and they're stood for several days in darkened sheds with their roots bathed in steadily circulating spring water that emerges from the ground at a temperature of about 15 C (60F). As they bathe the leaves of the hearts of the radicchio plants take on the pronounced wine-red color that distinguishes them (the deeper the red the more pleasingly bitter the plant). At this point the farmer unties the bunches, strips away the outer leaves and, trims the root (the tender part that's just below ground level is tasty), and sends the radicchio to the market.
I found this text here, it’s very interesting and you can find recipes also.
So, this is a short history of Radicchio Tardivo di Treviso a wonderful vegetable that grows in the region of Venice. Last week we were in Italy and we went to see my friend Lorenzo who’s a farmer producing Organic Radicchio and we had the chance to arrive on Monday, that’s the day they are “cleaning” Radicchio before to send it to be sold.
We had the feeling to enter into another time, another century maybe: when Radicchio comes to our tables we only see a marvelous edible flower but we don’t know anything about the great work that’s beside it . I took some photos so that everybody can see the hard work and the love & passion of these men .
|The Radicchio is harvested|
|Radicchio is stocked in the basket & into spring water|
|Radicchio has grown up in the darkness and now is ready to be cleaned|
|Cleaning up : a big work!|
We had really good time learning so much about the history of Radicchio, drinking hot red spiced wine, talking with these men so simple and so wise .
Lorenzo doesn’t have a website but if you want to buy his Radicchio I’ll be glad to give you his contacts, just ask me, I know he can deliver in Europe also, in some cases.
|Hot spiced wine|
|The final result : amazing !!!|
And as a Radicchio of such quality lasts about 2 weeks in the frigidaire ,we bought 5 Kilos that we took with us in Goult , so ...
we had it like this
and with white polenta
Stewed Radicchio with cheese
For 4 servings : 4 plants of radicchio roughly chopped , 1 scallion , 2 spoons of extra-virgin olive oil , pinch of salt , freshly ground white pepper ( malabar ) 1 tablespon of Cognac , 200 gr of Cheese chopped ( I used Asiago cheese from Italy but you can use also a good Gruyére or a Comté )
Cut the scallion very fine , put in a pan with the oil and swimmer gently , add the salt , stir frequently ,after about 10 minutes add the cognac , let the alchool evaporate , then put the Radicchio chopped and cook while stirring , till it's softened and has changed his colour from red to a light brown ( you'll need 3/4 minutes ) then cover the Radicchio with the cheese , put a lid ,turn off the fire and wait till the cheese has melted . Serve immediatedly with roasted polenta ( just cut cold polenta in slices and put on a grill-pan till roasted , if you don't find the white one yu can use thee yellow ) | <urn:uuid:12772531-da37-403e-b804-15870386442a> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://giuseppinamabilia.blogspot.it/2012/02/il-radicchio-tardivo-di-treviso-or.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700958435/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516104238-00042-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960275 | 1,022 | 2.921875 | 3 |
She was appointed by then President Corazon Aquino to serve as Commissioner of the Philippine Commission on Elections (COMELEC) in 1986. Later, she was appointed by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo as Chairwoman of the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG), an independent agency tasked to recover the ill-gotten wealth of deposed President Ferdinand Marcos, his family and cronies.
Yorac vied for a seat in the Philippine Senate in the 1998 national elections but lost.
For restoring public trust to the PCGG and a lifetime dedicated to public service, Yorac received the Ramon Magsaysay Award for government service.
Yorac battled with cancer and died on September 13, 2005 in Chicago, Illinois. Her remains were buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani. She was succeeded as PCGG Chairperson by veteran lawyer and constitutionalist Camilo Sabio.
Remembering Haydee Yorac; (Eulogy Delivered at the University of the Philippines, Bahay Kalinaw, September 21, 2005, 7:00 P.M.)
Sep 27, 2005; Byline: ABRAHAM F. SARMIENTO IN compliance with the letter-invitation of UP through Dr. Lydia Arcel-lana, Asst. V.P. for Public... | <urn:uuid:e80035e2-b083-4b57-a36e-ff6a51f49ff7> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Haydee_Yorac | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706153698/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120913-00074-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967516 | 276 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Claim: The planet Mars will make a once-in-our-lifetimes, remarkably close approach to Earth in August 2010.
[Collected via e-mail, June 2010]
Two moons on 27th August 2010
27th Aug the Whole World is waiting for.............
Planet Mars will be the brightest in the night sky starting August. It will look as large as the full moon to the naked eye. This will cultivate on Aug. 27 when Mars comes within 34.65M miles off earth. Be sure to watch the sky on Aug. 2712:30 am. It will look like the earth has 2 moons.
The next time Mars may come this close is in 2287.
NO ONE ALIVE TODAY will ever see it again.
[Collected via e-mail, July 2007]
*Two moons on 27 August*
27th Aug the Whole World is waiting for...*
Planet Mars will be the brightest in the night sky starting August.
It will look as large as the full moon to the naked eye. This will cultivate on Aug. 27 when Mars comes within 34.65M miles of earth. Be sure to watch the sky on Aug. 2712:30 am. It will look like the earth has 2 moons. The next time Mars may come this close is in 2287.
Share this with your friends as NO ONE ALIVE TODAY will ever see it again.
[Collected via e-mail, July 2003]
The Red Planet is about to be spectacular! This month and next, Earth is catching up with Mars in an encounter that will culminate in the closest approach between the two planets in recorded history. The next time Mars may come this close is in 2287. Due to the way Jupiter's gravity tugs on Mars and perturbs its orbit, astronomers can only be certain that Mars has not come this close to Earth in the Last 5,000 years, but it may be as long as 60,000 years before it happens again.
The encounter will culminate on August 27th when Mars comes to within 34,649,589 miles of Earth and will be (next to the moon) the brightest object in the night sky. It will attain a magnitude of -2.9 and will appear 25.11 arc seconds wide. At a modest 75-power magnification Mars will look as large as the full moon to the naked eye. Mars will be easy to spot. At the beginning of August it will rise in the east at 10 p.m. and reach its azimuth at about 3 a.m.
By the end of August when the two planets are closest, Mars will rise at nightfall and reach its highest point in the sky at 12:30 a.m. That's pretty convenient to see something that no human being has seen in recorded history. So, mark your calendar at the beginning of August to see Mars grow progressively brighter and brighter throughout the month. Share this with your children and grandchildren. NO ONE ALIVE TODAY WILL EVER SEE THIS AGAIN
Origins: Some things never go out of style, and this "Mars
Spectacular" message is one of them. It's yet another example of a widely-circulated e-mail containing information that was once true but which continues to
be forwarded around year after year, long after the information it contains has become outdated.
Mars did make an extraordinarily close approach to Earth several years ago, culminating on 27 August 2003, when the red planet came within 35 million miles (or 56 million kilometers) of Earth, its nearest approach to us in almost 60,000 years. At that time, Mars appeared approximately 6 times larger and 85 times brighter in the sky than it ordinarily does. (The earlier message quoted above was often reproduced with an unfortunate line break in the middle of the third sentence of the second paragraph, leaving some readers with the mistaken impression that Mars would "look as large as the full moon to the naked eye" without realizing that the statement only applied to those viewing Mars through a telescope with 75-power magnification.)
Although Mars' proximity to Earth in August 2003 (referred to as a
perihelic opposition) was a rare occurrence, the red planet comes almost as near to us every 15 to 17 years. To the unaided observer, Mars' appearance in August 2003 wasn't significantly larger or brighter than it is during those much more common intervals of closeness.
Mars had another close encounter with Earth in in 2005, but that occurrence took place in October (not August), and the red planet appeared about 20% smaller than it did during similar circumstances in 2003. Mars also made a close approach to Earth in December 2007, but even then it was still about 55 million miles away from us, not nearly as close as it was in 2003 or 2005. Not until 2018 will our view of Mars be similar to the one that was available in 2003, and it won't be until the year 2287 that Mars will come closer to Earth than it did back in 2003.
As Texas astronomer Torvald Hessel observed in a 2006 interview about the perennial "Mars Spectacular" message:
Q: What's the truth?
A: Mars gets close to Earth every two years. So, last year, Mars was very close. Three years ago, it was spectacularly close ... And right now, I'm sad to say, Mars is actually behind the Sun; we can't see it at all.
Q: How wide spread is this falsehood?
A: People get excited about it, start to send e-mail ... and every August we see this e-mail coming back and I get a lot of e-mails about it, of course.
The web site of the Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS) provides a chart displaying data about Mars Oppositions (past, present, and future), and the web site of the Hubble Heritage Project offers some nice composite telescope images from previous Mars near oppositions. | <urn:uuid:744adea8-67f9-4796-9270-a0ed95590942> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.snopes.com/science/astronomy/brightmars.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696381249/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00035-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960694 | 1,229 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Hurricane season draws to a close
It's November 30, and the inconsequential Atlantic hurricane season of 2009 is in the books. Residents all along the Atlantic coast can give thanks for this year's much-needed respite after the pummeling Mother Nature gave last year. The four direct deaths recorded this year represented the lowest death toll since the El Niño hurricane season of 1997, which also had four deaths. This year's season featured only nine named storms, three hurricanes and two major hurricanes, which was 61%, 38%, and 51% of the 1995 - 2008 average activity for named storms, hurricanes and major hurricanes, respectively, according to the end-of-season summary posted by the Colorado State University hurricane forecast team of Phil Klotzbach/Bill Gray. Higher than average wind shear, and lower than average relative humidity at middle levels of the atmosphere were primarily responsible for this year's reduced activity (Figures 1 and 2). These conditions are common during El Niño years, and this year's moderate El Niño undoubtedly contributed to the low levels of Atlantic hurricane activity observed. In addition, a stronger and more southerly than usual mid-Atlantic trough was active during much of hurricane season, contributing to high wind shear over the Atlantic.
Figure 1. Departure of relative humidity at mid-levels of the atmosphere (500 mb, about 18,000 feet) for the August - October peak portion of the 2009 hurricane season. Subsiding air due to El Niño conditions depressed the relative humidity up to 15% below average (red colors) over the tropical Atlantic. Image credit: end-of-season summary posted by the Colorado State University hurricane forecast team of Phil Klotzbach/Bill Gray, with data from NOAA/ESRL.
Figure 2. Departure of wind shear from average for the peak 60-day period of the Atlantic hurricane season. The August-October averaged 200-850 mb vertical wind shear across the Main Development Region (MDR, 10-20°N, 20-70°W) was 9.3 m/s, which was the highest vertical shear magnitude over this three-month period since the El Niño year of 2002. The 2009 August-October MDR value was also approximately 2 m/s greater than the 1995-2008 average vertical shear. Image credit: NOAA/CPC.
Some other notable feature taken from the Klotzbach/Gray report:
A late-starting season. Ana did not form until August 15. This was the latest "A" storm of the season since Andrew formed in 1992 on August 17. However, the 2009 season exploded into a flurry of action August 15 - 16, when the Atlantic featured a rare triple threat of simultaneous named storms beginning with the letters A, B, and C--Ana, Bill, and Claudette. The last time this occurred was in the slow-starting 1984 hurricane season, when Tropical Storms Arthur, Bertha, and Cesar were all active on September 1.
Nine named storms occurred during 2009. This is the fewest since 1997, when eight named storms formed.
27.25 named storm days occurred in 2009. This is the fewest named storm days since 1991, when only 24.25 named storm days were recorded.
Three hurricanes occurred in 2009. This is the fewest since 1997 when there were also three hurricanes.
Five named storms (Ana, Danny, Erika, Fred, and Henri) dissipated over the open ocean in the tropical and sub-tropical Atlantic this year. This is a fairly rare occurrence that typically only occurs in years such as this year that are characterized by high levels of tropospheric vertical wind shear.
11.25 hurricane days occurred in 2009. This is the fewest hurricane days since 2002 when 10.75 hurricane days were reported.
2 major hurricanes formed during the 2009 hurricane season. The last time that fewer than two major hurricanes occurred in a season was in 1997 when only one major hurricane (Erika) formed.
3.25 major hurricane days occurred in 2009. This is the fewest major hurricane days in a season since 2006 when only two major hurricane days were recorded.
The season accrued an Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) of 50. The 1951 - 2005 average is 102.3, and the 2009 ACE was the lowest since 1997 (41) and the 16th lowest of the last 66 years since the aircraft reconnaissance era began in 1944.
No Category 5 hurricanes developed in 2009. This is the second consecutive year with no Category 5 hurricanes. The last time that two or more years occurred in a row with no Category 5 hurricanes was 1999-2002.
No named storms formed in June or July. The last time that no storm activity occurred in June or July was 2004 (Alex formed that year on August 1). This is the 18th year of the past 66 years with no storm formations in June or July.
August had above-average ACE activity. 29 ACE units were recorded during the month, which is approximately 125% of the 1950-2000 average.
58% of seasonal ACE was generated during the month of August. The last time that more than 58% of seasonal ACE was generated during the month of August was in 1942.
September was very quiet with only 11 ACE units generated during the month. This is the quietest September since 1994 when only 3 ACE units were recorded.
No ACE was generated between September 13 and October 4. The last time that this occurred was 1991. Prior to that, one has to go all the way back to 1925 to see no ACE generated during three of the most active weeks of the Atlantic hurricane season.
October was also very quiet with only 2 ACE units occurring. This is the quietest October since 1994 when no tropical cyclone activity occurred.
Only 13 ACE units occurred during the combined September-October period. This is the fewest ACE units during this two-month period since 1994 (3), and the fifth fewest since the aircraft reconnaissance era began in 1944.
Hurricane Bill generated 26 ACE units, or 52% of the seasonal total. The last time that one storm generated that much of the seasonal total was Erika in 1997 which generated 63% of the total ACE observed that year.
Hurricane Fred became the third storm on record to reach major hurricane status east of 35°W, although prior to 1972 when Dvorak satellite estimates from polar-orbiting satellite reconnaissance became routinely available, some storms may have been missed in the eastern part of the Atlantic basin.
Hurricane Ida became only the second hurricane to reach hurricane status in the Caribbean in November during an El Niño year (where El Niño is defined to be all years since 1950 where the October Niño 3.4 SST anomaly is 0.5ñC or greater). The only other storm to reach hurricane status in the Caribbean in November in an El Niño year was Martha in 1969.
Ida became the second latest tropical cyclone to make landfall along the Gulf Coast, trailing only Hurricane Kate in 1985 (which made landfall on November 21).
Only two tropical storms (Claudette and Ida) made U.S. landfall this year while no hurricanes made U.S. landfall. This is the first time since 2006 and the 13th time in the last 66 years where no hurricanes made U.S. landfall.
No hurricanes made landfall along the Florida Peninsula and East Coast. This marks the fourth year in a row with no hurricane landfalls along this portion of the U.S. coastline. The last time that we went four years between hurricane landfalls along the Florida Peninsula and East Coast was 1980-1983.
No major hurricanes made U.S. landfall this year. Following seven major hurricane landfalls in 2004-2005, the U.S. has not witnessed a major hurricane landfall in the past four years. The four consecutive years between 2000-2003 also experienced no major U.S. hurricane landfalls. Since 1995, the Atlantic basin has had 56 major hurricanes but only 10 (18%) have made U.S. landfall. The long-period average is that approximately 30% of major hurricanes that form in the Atlantic basin make U.S. landfall.
Figure 3. The eye of Hurricane Bill on August 19 at 2157 UTC, from a NOAA P-3 Hurricane Hunter aircraft flying at 10,000 feet. Photo credit: Jack Parrish of NOAA's Aircraft Operations Center.
Hurricane Bill was the strongest hurricane of the 2009 Atlantic hurricane season. Bill peaked in intensity as a lower-end Category 4 storm with 135 mph winds. Bill was a very large storm, and had the fifth largest diameter of tropical storm force winds on record (460 miles). Bill brought tropical storm force winds of 46 mph to the Bermuda airport as the storm passed about 175 mi west of the island at Category 2 strength, during the morning of 22 August. The hurricane then recurved and turned to the northeast with increasing forward speed, brushed the south coast of Nova Scotia early on 23 August, and made landfall as a tropical storm near the Burin Peninsula of Newfoundland.
Top winds on Newfoundland were measured at Cape Race, which recorded sustained winds of 58 mph, gusting to 76 mph, between 1:30 and 2:30 am NDT on 24 August. A storm surge of 1.2 meters (4 feet) was estimated by Environment Canada for Placentia Bay where Bill made landfall. Damage was minor on Newfoundland, with no major flooding reported. Bill dumped up to three inches of rain on Newfoundland.
There were two deaths associated with Bill. A 7-year-old girl died in Acadia National Park, Maine when she was swept into the water by large waves, and a 54-year-old swimmer drowned in New Smyrna Beach, Florida in rough seas caused by Bill. The large hurricane fueled high waves over a large portion of the Atlantic basin for several days. The Meteorological Service of the Dominican Republic reported that these waves produced coastal flooding and damage along the north coast of the Dominican Republic. Reports from Environment Canada indicate that in Nova Scotia power outages were common (tens of thousands of residences lost power) and there were road wash-outs and localized fresh water flooding. Coastal flooding from surge and waves was widespread along much of the Atlantic coast. On Long Island, NY, beach damage was severe; in some areas the damage was the worst since Hurricane Gloria in 1985. Along the coasts of North Carolina, waves averaging 10 ft (3.0 m) in height impacted beaches. In Wrightsville Beach, up to 30 rescues were made due to strong rip currents and large swells; however, only one incident resulted in hospitalization. Severe beach erosion took place at Bald Head Island, where 150 ft (46 m) of beach was washed away, resulting in the loss of the remaining sea turtle nests.
Figure 4. Radar reflectivity image of Tropical Storm Claudette as it approached landfall just southeast of Fort Walton Beach shortly after midnight on 8/17/09.
Tropical Storm Claudette
Tropical Storm Claudette made landfall at about 1:15 am EDT August 17, 2009, near the eastern end of Santa Rosa Island, just southeast of Fort Walton Beach in Florida. Claudette's top winds were around 50 mph. A Personal Weather Station in Eastpoint, FL recorded sustained winds of 49 mph, gusting to 66 mph as Claudette approached the coast. Heavy rains of 3 - 4 inches were confined to a narrow strip of coast, and Claudette did not cause any major flooding. Apalachicola received just over 4 inches of rain so far from Claudette. One death is being blamed on Claudette, a drowning off the Florida Panhandle coast.
Figure 5.. Hurricane Fred at peak strength, 8:55am EDT UTC 9/9/09. At the time, Fred was a Category 3 hurricane with 120 mph winds. Image credit: NASA.
Fred became only the fourth major hurricane on record in the far southeastern portion of the Atlantic basin (south of 30°N and east of 40°W) and is the only hurricane on record in the basin with an intensity greater than 100 kt when located south of 30°N and east of 35°W. However, it is important to note that prior to 1972 (when routine Dvorak classifications from polar-orbiting satellites began), it would have been difficult to assess the intensity of most tropical cyclones in this part of the Atlantic basin.
Figure 6. Tropical Storm Ida at 1 pm EST November 5, 2009. In this MODIS image captured seven hours after landfall, Ida was a tropical storm with 65 mph winds. Image credit: NASA.
Hurricane Ida made landfall over eastern Nicaragua on November 4 as a Category 1 hurricane with 75 mph winds--the first November Atlantic hurricane to make landfall in an El Niño year since 1925. Ida intensified at one of the fastest rates on record as it approached Nicaragua. It took just 24 hours from when the first advisory was issued for Tropical Depression Eleven until Ida reached hurricane strength. Since reliable satellite measurements began in 1970, Hurricane Humberto holds the record for fastest intensification from first advisory issued to hurricane strength--18 hours. (Actually, Humberto did the feat in 14 1/4 hours, but this was rounded off to 18 hours in the final data base, which stores points every six hours). Ida is now tied for second place for fastest intensification from first advisory to hurricane strength. There have been six other storms that accomplished the feat in 24 hours.
Ida survived its crossing of Nicaragua, and intensified once it emerged over the Caribbean, eventually reaching Category 2 strength over the Gulf of Mexico as it headed northwards towards the U.S. Gulf Coast. High wind shear and cool water temperatures caused Ida to weaken dramatically before landfall in Alabama, and Ida made landfall near Dauphin Island, Alabama at 5:40 am CST November 10, as a tropical storm with 45 mph winds. Winds at coastal locations during Ida's landfall were mostly below tropical storm force. One exception was Dauphin Island, where winds peaked at 40 mph, gusting to 50 mph, near midnight. Radar-estimated rainfall from Ida showed many regions received 3 - 5 inches of rain, which caused some minor river and street flooding. The main damage from Ida seems to have been beach erosion, as a 3 - 6 foot storm surge topped by battering waves affected a long stretch of coast, from Southeast Louisiana to the Florida Panhandle. Ida drove a 5.5 foot storm surge to Shell Beach, LA (on the east side of New Orleans). Ida was responsible for one death, a 70-year-old fisherman who knocked off of his boat in the Mississippi River by a wave as Ida approached.
The remnants of Ida merged with a Nor'easter that developed off the coast of North Carolina, and the Ida-energized Nor'easter brought the highest storm surges on record to the Atlantic coast between Norfolk, Virginia, and Lewes, Delaware.
Next year's hurricane season?
The Colorado State hurricane forecast team will be issuing their forecast for the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season on Wednesday, December 9. Expect them to forecast a more active season. Since 1950, there have been 17 El Niño events, and only one of them lasted through two full hurricane seasons. Thus, we can expect neutral or La Niña conditions for next year's hurricane season, which should lead to much higher levels of activity than in 2009.
In my previous post, on the Manufactured Doubt industry and the hacked CRU emails, I mistakenly referred to the George C. Marshall Institute as the George C. Marshall Foundation. I have corrected the error, and apologize for the confusion. The George C. Marshall Institute is an organization active in the Manufactured Doubt campaign against human-caused global warming, while the George C. Marshall Foundation is a charitable organization celebrating the legacy of the great American general and Secretary of State, George C. Marshall.
Major storm brewing for the Gulf Coast
There's a major extratropical storm brewing over the northern Gulf of Mexico that could be as damaging as Tropical Storm Ida was, for the Gulf Coast from New Orleans to the Florida Panhandle. The storm is expected to hit Tuesday through Wednesday. A storm tide of 4 - 6 feet is forecast for the Florida Panhandle, 3 - 5 feet for the Alabama coast, and 3 - 4 feet for the New Orleans area. Consult the NOAA extratropical storm surge forecast page for forecasts of the storm surge from this event. I'll have a new post Tuesday and/or Wednesday to discuss this storm. | <urn:uuid:3dce6fc3-d26e-4afa-b84b-cf3cc0c82fbf> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://wxex.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=1390&page=8 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698924319/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516100844-00016-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970891 | 3,427 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Friday, Dec 26, 2003
Front Page |
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Other States |
Advts: Classifieds | Employment | Obituary |
By Our Staff Reporter
If they did, it would pave the way for forming a secular front. Parties such as the DMK, which followed Periyar and Annadurai, should not support communal forces, which were running the country. The DMK president, M. Karunanidhi, gave five reasons for withdrawing the Ministers from the Government. These were repeal of the Prevention of Terrorism Act, restoration of the right to strike by workers, deviation from the NDA agenda, raising the Ayodhya issue and whipping up passions and finally the State BJP treating the DMK as an enemy. The CPI (M) too had been raising these demands, he said.
The CPI (M)'s central committee is meeting in Hyderabad on January 28, 29, 30, and 31 where a decision on poll alliance would be taken.
He said the economic policy followed by the Centre was ruining public sector companies, which were sound and making profits.
In Tamil Nadu, unemployment was haunting the youth. Out of a population of six crores, 53 lakh youths registered in employment offices.
`Get water, save samba'
Mr. Varadarajan urged the State and Central Governments to get Cauvery water from Karnataka to save samba crop in delta districts.
``If steps are not taken in a week, farmers will be forced to launch an agitation.'' The Cauvery River Authority had not been convened by the Prime Minister, though the situation was precarious.
The Supreme Court had observed that if the Chief Ministers did not attend the CRA meeting, the Prime Minister had power to take a final decision.
Water problem had been persisting for the past three years and this year samba had been raised on eight lakh hectares in the delta, which required water till February-end.
``If the crop is lost this year, people will become poverty-stricken and the situation might lead to starvation.''
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Incidents of Security Concern
HQ Incidents of Security Concern Program, 202-586-9934
Incidents of Security Concern are those events which are of concern to the DOE Safeguards
and Security Program and which warrant preliminary inquiry and subsequent reporting.
- Persons who observe, find, or have knowledge or information of a potential incident of security concern must immediately report this information to their HSO or to the Office of Headquarters Security Operations.
- Persons discovering potential incidents of security concern; those that involve classified matter, special nuclear material, or other security interests not properly controlled, must take reasonable efforts to safeguard the security interests. They must also act to ensure evidence associated with the incident is preserved.
- Persons discovering actual or suspected fraud, waste, or abuse of government resources must ensure such incidents are reported to the Office of Inspector General.
- Inquiries must be conducted to establish the facts and circumstances surrounding an incident of security concern.
- Appropriate Federal (to include the Office of Health, Safety and Security), State and local organizations must be contacted when a violation of law is suspected or discovered.
- Actions to prevent recurrence must be taken for incidents of security concern.
- The party or parties responsible for an incident of security concern must be subject to appropriate administrative actions, including disciplinary measures, retraining, counseling, or other directed actions necessary to reduce the likelihood of recurrence of the incident.
- Any disciplinary or adverse actions involving DOE employees must be conducted according to DOE directives.
- Security infractions are issued, as appropriate, to document the assignment of responsibility for an incident of security concern. Individuals, whether or not they possess an access authorization, may be issued a security infraction. | <urn:uuid:5ccfca2f-3998-4041-9359-e222b770e1eb> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.hss.energy.gov/Referencebook/sec_concern.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697974692/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095254-00047-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925293 | 348 | 1.679688 | 2 |
The Civil Unrest of 1967
Despite a century of progressive innovation in Detroit, it is a sad reality that the events of July 23-27, 1967 are among the city’s defining moments. The five-day period of civil unrest and extreme chaos caused physical damage to the city and emotional trauma to its people. Decades later, the aftereffects of the damage and trauma linger on.
The violence was not totally unexpected. Rumors of an uprising had been swirling throughout the city for the better part of the summer. Radicalism was on the rise, and talk of self-determination and separatism had become more commonplace. Though Detroit thought of itself as a progressive, “model city” when it came to race-relations, African Americans still lagged behind in nearly every respect. Economic opportunity had largely passed them by, urban renewal projects had devoured their neighborhoods, and in areas such as housing, education, access to medical services, and employment, imbalance with their white neighbors remained. A rocky relationship with the police department, which was 95% white, only fueled the resentment of a disenfranchised community.
The spark that set off the civil unrest was the arrest of 82 African Americans in a random raid on a “blind pig,” an underground drinking establishment, on 12th Street in the early hours of July 23. Outraged by the treatment of those arrested, someone threw a brick at a police cruiser. Soon after, a clothing store window was smashed and the looting began. Police did little to contain the situation at first, partly because they were short-staffed and partly because they thought the event would be contained in the area and wind down on its own. By morning, it was clear that this was not the case.
Despite the efforts of the police, looting and fires were widespread. African American business owners frantically marked their shops with phrases like “soul brother” in the hope of being spared, in most cases to no avail. People quickly realized that stolen goods were the least of their worries as flames soon consumed entire city blocks. At 4:30 p.m., the Detroit fire department issued Signal 3-477, a code created during World War II but never before used. This order to muster all able-bodied firefighters to duty drew men and equipment from 44 other communities. Fires continued to spread throughout the five-days of unrest, with the bulk of them set within the first two days. That Monday proved to be the most destructive, with 483 fires reported.
Regardless of media efforts to keep news of the violence quiet to prevent copycat flare-ups, anarchy quickly spread from 12th Street. By late Sunday, looting had reached Mack Avenue on the East Side, roughly five miles from where it had started, moving Gov. George Romney to call in 400 state troopers and activate the Michigan National Guard. West of Woodward Avenue, from Highland Park to the Detroit River, 8,000 Guardsmen accompanied first responders and patrolled areas of turmoil. Though trained in handling weapons, they were unequipped to deal with urban conflict. The mostly white Guard overreacted to intense situations on the West Side, which led to needless casualties and death.
The intervention of the State Police and National Guard, as well as a curfew instituted between 9:00 p.m. and 5:30 a.m., were not enough to prevent the situation from escalating. On Monday, July 24, Gov. Romney requested federal troops, and soon members of the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions were stationed around Detroit’s East Side. Many of the men were familiar with intense combat situations from active duty in Vietnam. The fact that the East Side came under control much sooner than the West Side has been attributed to the soldiers’ experience in the field, their racial integration, and their lack of live ammunition.
As tanks rolled through the city and widespread food shortages took their toll, the chaos began to dissipate. Sniper fights, fires, and small outbursts of violence continued sporadically until July 27, when the conflict officially ended. In the end, the civil unrest of 1967 proved to be one of the most destructive civic events in the nation’s history, exceeded only by the Los Angeles Riots of 1992 and the New York City Draft Riots during the Civil War. Over 465 people were injured and 43 people lost their lives, the youngest being a 4-year old girl. Property damage exceeded an estimated 50 million dollars, with 2,509 stores burned or looted and 388 families displaced by the fires. Though 7,231 people were arrested, few were ever prosecuted as the sheer number of people made it impossible to process everyone. Perhaps more damaging was the effect the unrest had on race relations in the city. A sense of unease and mistrust settled over the area, and although the drain of population out of city started over a decade before, the event encouraged the exodus of the middle class, both black and white, to the suburbs.
The Reuther Library has many resources to help you understand the unrest of 1967, contributing factors to the event, and the lasting results. The papers of Jerome P. Cavangh, Detroit’s mayor at the time, document the events in detail. The papers of the Detroit Commission on Community Relations (DCCR), Dan Geogakas, Maurice Kelman, and Mel Ravitz all provide a deeper understanding of the events and the underlying causes, while the papers of New Detroit, Inc. and Focus: HOPE deal with what came afterward. To hear an account of the unrest from the viewpoint of law enforcement, an oral history of Detroit Police Commissioner Ray Girardin is available. To schedule an appointment to look at film footage of the unrest, or for any other inquiries regarding audiovisual holdings, please contact the Reuther’s Audiovisual Department at email@example.com. For a more visceral understanding of the events, consult our Social Forces, Foundations & Change image gallery for over 100 images taken by Detroit News photographers or click here for a selection of Pulitzer Prize winning photographs from the Tony Spina Collection. | <urn:uuid:ef413fca-4de7-4ba1-81e8-bfcbbc398faf> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.reuther.wayne.edu/node/8036 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703682988/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112802-00056-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972277 | 1,252 | 3.515625 | 4 |
Washington, D.C. – We are living in truly extraordinary times in which the threat of terrorist attacks has become all too real. With war in Iraq now under way and the federal terrorism threat alert elevated to Code Orange, steps to safeguard tenants and buildings must be carefully planned and constantly reviewed.
For these reasons, BOMA International is excited to be a founding member of a new Real Estate Information Sharing and Analysis Center (ISAC). The lead group on the effort has been the Real Estate Roundtable, with the American Resort Development Association, Institute of Real Estate Management, International Council of Shopping Centers, National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, National Association of Industrial and Office Properties, National Association of Realtors, and the Real Estate Board of New York also participating as founding members.
The Real Estate ISAC is a public-private partnership between the federal government and the real estate industry for the purpose of exchanging information on terrorist threats and response planning. ISACs have been created in several key industries to protect the nation’s critical infrastructure. Other ISACs exist for the chemical, energy, financial services, food, information technology, telecommunications, transportation, water, and other critical industries.
Through the Real Estate ISAC, BOMA International is able to receive timely and complete advance warnings from the federal government to help members prepare for possible attacks. In turn, BOMA International facilitates information sharing from its members of incident information that may have local or national terrorism implications. This two-way flow of information between real estate professionals and the federal government is critical to ensure that individual threats are accurately evaluated and steps can be taken to safeguard people and property.
BOMA International already has received and forwarded alerts from the federal government as a result of its participation in the Real Estate ISAC, as have other associations. Here’s how it works: When the National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC) at the Department of Homeland Security receives information, it is shared with the Real Estate ISAC representative. Once deemed credible in a “scrubbed down” version to protect confidential information, an ISAC alert is created and distributed immediately to all participating organization representatives. Once BOMA International receives an alert, it is sent immediately by BOMA International staff to local BOMA association staff and leaders for distribution, then directly on to members. These alerts are not sent to the general public.
To further advance this effort, a new website, dedicated exclusively to the Real Estate ISAC, is being built (www.reisac.org). The site will:
Encourage and coordinate information sharing and analysis that will enable the real estate industry to identify, assess, and reduce vulnerabilities.
Facilitate the industry’s reporting to government authorities of credible threats to real estate assets, and to assist the government in disseminating threat and warning information within and among the different sub-sectors of the real estate industry.
Identify security-related resources that real estate professionals can use.
BOMA International is excited about its ability to provide members with detailed advance security warnings from the federal government. This partnership is essential in the fight against terrorism. If you have not yet begun to receive ISAC alerts, please contact your local BOMA association, or any of the participating groups where you hold membership.
In addition to the Real Estate ISAC, BOMA International has been working to provide a wide array of resources to meet building owners’ and managers’ needs for information on emergency preparedness. On Sept. 11, 2001, BOMA International launched its online Emergency Resource Center in response to the terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C. Since that time, BOMA has continually added new documents and links, creating a comprehensive library of information.
Included in the Emergency Resource Center are updates on the terror alert status; suggested anti-terrorism security measures; results of a national survey of security concerns within the real estate industry that BOMA conducted in partnership with the Urban Land Institute; links to government agencies such as the Department of Homeland Security; and an active emergency bulletin board.
BOMA International has also developed an emergency preparedness guidebook, the Property Professional’s Guide to Emergency Preparedness, a security e-seminar, and other tools people can use in their planning.
For more information on BOMA International’s emergency preparedness resources, please visit BOMA’s website at (www.boma.org). | <urn:uuid:847aaf43-5443-4420-a187-d7c8f670cd41> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.interiorsandsources.com/article-details/articleid/1340/title/boma-international-becomes-founding-member-of-real-estate-isac.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368707435344/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516123035-00044-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929288 | 926 | 1.523438 | 2 |
By Ashutosh Joshi
Name: The Insurance Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2008
Aim: Among other things, the bill would allow foreign investors to own up to 49% in local insurance companies, up from 26% currently.
It would also create rules that would allow foreign companies to invest in reinsurance companies, which are basically firms that insure insurance companies.
Why it is important: Companies in India’s nascent insurance industry are eager to get more foreign capital to grow their businesses.
India has 24 life insurance companies, and 27 general insurance companies, majority of whom have a foreign partner.
However, many of these companies, particularly in the life insurance sector, haven’t made any money since they were founded seven or eight years ago.
The companies say if they could raise fresh capital from overseas partners and use that to expand, they could become profitable sooner.
Who it affects? Insurance companies which have foreign ownership expect to get more foreign capital if the bill is passed.
Foreign companies such as the U.K.’s Standard Life PLC and Prudential PLC, Germany’s Allianz SE and MetLife Inc. of the U.S. are among the companies which operate in India. If they beefed up their Indian units, it could threaten the dominance of state-run companies in India’s insurance sector.
At present, Life Insurance Corp of India has more than two-thirds of the life insurance market, while four state-run firms control more than half the non-life insurance market.
What changes? If implemented, the bill would make it easier for insurance companies to raise capital, both from foreign and domestic investors.
Currently, India’s four state-owned general insurance companies are not allowed to raise capital from India’s stock market. The bill would allow them do so.
The bill could also help grow India’s reinsurance industry which currently has only one player – state-owned General Insurance Corp. The bill would allow GIC to raise funds from public markets.
In addition, the bill could help trigger fresh investments in health insurance. It would recognize health insurance as a separate business, as opposed to the current practice, where health insurance is sold as just another product by general insurance companies. This change could attract new companies, such as health insurer Aetna Group of the U.S., to enter India.
Criticism: Opposition parties are against allowing higher foreign investment in insurance companies, but are open to allowing insurance companies raise capital from the stock market.
What next? The bill was initially introduced in the upper house of parliament in 2008, after which a special committee was set up to analyze and comment on it.
The committee submitted its report in December 2011. India’s federal cabinet approved the bill, but it is likely to find opposition in parliament.
Follow India Real Time on Twitter @indiarealtime. | <urn:uuid:4e281014-83a2-4bf7-8995-70989fd0da48> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2012/11/26/fact-sheet-insurance-bill/?mod=WSJBlog | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700264179/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516103104-00035-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969344 | 604 | 2.4375 | 2 |
The Success of the Art Car Project
The Art Car Project was inspired by HVCCA's new exhibition, Circa 1986. Six important collectors, who were and still are avid art enthusiasts, lent their works to this exhibition. Circa 1986 focuses on work produced between 1981-1991 by artists who have maintained a high profile position in the art market as well as those who, albeit extremely talented, are not in the forefront of what is currently being collected or exhibited.
Why a car?
Because many artists of this period were integrating popular objects and images into their works the creators of the Art Car Project, Livia Straus and Jo-Ann Brody, wanted to include a second element. They wanted to emulate the projects 1980's done either with BMW or vintage cars by Keith Haring, Jeff Koons, Jenny Holzer, Frank Stella and others. So, thanks to the Peekskill Police Department, a car was donated to the Art Car Project and transformed into an Art Car.
At the Peekskill Celebration, on Saturday August 6th, children of all ages were encouraged to paint on the outside of an old white Chrysler using acrylic paints. | <urn:uuid:701fb751-4d4b-4466-bab7-01fa5ea77370> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.hvcca.blogspot.com/2011/09/success-of-art-car-project-72-1024x768.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699881956/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516102441-00066-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976553 | 236 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Made in Dagenham
Dagenham, England 1968. At the town's local Ford automobile plant, Rita O'Grady is one of only 187 women in a workforce of 55,000 men. Facing overwhelming opposition in this "man's world," Rita rallies her female co-workers to fight for equal pay - a stand that defies the corporate status quo, threatens her marriage, and ultimately exacts a tragic toll. But with the support of the shop's steward and the government's Employment Secretary, the women become the sensation of the nation - and the catalyst for a profound turning point in time. | <urn:uuid:3a978c14-9c33-4f9f-ae5c-a2ebc0e7554b> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.vudu.com/movies/?_escaped_fragment_=content/187594/Made-in-Dagenham | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696383156/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092623-00016-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927281 | 125 | 2.140625 | 2 |
For more than three years, Pauline Cramer has lobbied for a sidewalk for Hans Christensen Middle School students to trek safely -- and cleanly -- to and from their homes off McCall Boulevard.
On most days, the red-clay dirt path doesn’t present much too much of a problem. But when it rains, the dirt turns to thick mud and often pushes students toward the curb and sometimes even into the gutter of a street still lacking school signage.
Clearly, it’s not safe, says the 77-year-old Cramer, who has been a crossing guard with the Menifee Union School District for more than 15 years.
“They do a lot faster than 55,” Cramer said after ushering a group of kids last week across Sherman Road to the dirt pathway along McCall, where the posted speed limit is 45 mph. “It’s not safe for the kids. You hate to see them walk so close to the street.”
They won’t have to for much longer.
The city is making progress on a plan that will add about 650 feet of sidewalk on the southern side of McCall to connect an existing sidewalk to the curb ramps at the intersection of McCall and Sherman, said Jonathan Smith, Menifee’s new assistant director of public works and engineering.
After meeting with a concerned group of parents, school administrators and Cramer, Smith said the city began devising a plan that could include a fourth crosswalk in the intersection to go along with a sidewalk leading east toward the Hillpointe community.
“We’re getting a lot of correspondence and we’ve met with some concerned citizens to let them know what’s going on,” Smith said. “And it’s a larger issue than just this one school and that little piece of sidewalk. We’re starting to look at all the schools in the area to be sure we have safe passages for the kids.”
Smith said recently he hoped sidewalk construction plans would be finalized soon, allowing the city to move forward with soliciting bids.
The project isn’t as simple as slapping a sidewalk over the dirt, however.
The city will have to account for an exposed drainage ditch that may require installing a railing to protect both pedestrians and motorists. The street will require some improvements to allow for the sidewalk construction, including either a curb or an asphalt berm.
Whatever the end result, the improvements have been needed for quite a while, said Matthew Morgan, a parent who has pushed the issue at school board meetings and at City Hall.
“From a parent’s perspective, it’s something that really should have been in place when they put the school in three years ago,” Morgan said. “There’s no safe haven there for anyone -- drivers, bikers and walkers. We’re just asking the city to make reasonable accommodations for the kids to walk to the middle school.”
Morgan and Cramer agreed that adding school crossing signs along busy McCall also would go a long ways toward creating a safer trek for kids.
The school district added traffic signals at the McCall-Sherman intersection and paving and sidewalks in front of the property when the school opened in 2009, according to district spokeswoman Betti Cadmus. But there still are no signs anywhere along McCall indicating that children may be walking to and from a school sitting about a football field away from the main drag. | <urn:uuid:347d8185-1bd7-4d4c-8f3b-80ea72519981> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2013/mar/04/menifee-education-sidewalk-middle-school/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368708766848/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125246-00015-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951808 | 729 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Reuters had an interesting story this week on a phenomenon known in Kenya as "flashing."
It's not what you think.
To the uninitiated, to "flash" someone is to dial their cell phone, let it ring for a split-second, then hang up before they can pick up. That way you don't get charged for the call, and it's an implicit message to the other person that they should call you. According to Andrew Heavens of Reuters, this practice happens all over Africa and goes by different names -- "missed call" in Sudan, "beeping" in Rwanda, etc.
The skyrocketing cellphone market in Africa now has 200 million users -- the vast majority of whom buy their airtime in small, prepaid increments. Unlike in the U.S., you don't get charged for receiving calls, only for making them. So flashing is an easy way to keep that last bit of credit going on your account by getting the other person to pick up the cost of the call.
When I first moved here two years ago, I found the practice more than a little annoying. In the U.S., both parties bear the cost of a call in spent minutes on their cellular plan. In Africa the system is to assign ownership: the person who needs the call more, needs to pick up the tab.
As with all tech phenomena, there are unwritten but deeply observed rules for flashing. When your mechanic wants to tell you your car is ready, for example, he can flash you -- it's your car, after all, and if you want it back, you'd better call him. (Never mind that he may have taken a week longer to fix it than he promised.) It's also hierarchical: an employee calling a superior, who makes more money, is justified in flashing -- unless he really needs a favor.
And of course, if you're trying to woo a lady, don't flash her. Ever.
My first few months here, I picked up a lot of calls that were meant to be flashes. (I often carry my cell phone in my hand, so I have a pretty quick trigger.) This embarrassed a few flashers and irritated others. "Why did you pick up? Why don't you let it ring?" a caller asked me once. "Because you called me" isn't a good answer.
The Reuters piece illustrates just how big flashing has become. An official with the cell phone giant MTC in Sudan says that there 130 million missed calls every day, and 355 million actual calls. That's an astonishing proportion, and it presents a dilemma for cellular operators, who don't make any money off the missed calls and yet find a big chunk of their technology devoted to putting them through the system.
In Kenya, Safaricom, the biggest cell phone company, allows customers to send a certain number of free text messages saying, "Please call me. Thank you." It's much nicer than flashing -- and it reduces traffic on the phone lines -- and apparently other companies are trying similar methods. Until then, flashing/beeping/miskin/bipage will remain the order of the day.
Which, I suppose, is fine. You always have the option of not calling back. Unless you've got a determined flasher, in which case you'd better be prepared for your phone to ring, briefly and repeatedly, sometimes over the course of several days -- until you get a new number. | <urn:uuid:5f02f09f-5739-416f-8f5c-13634b0197e7> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://blogs.mcclatchydc.com/nairobi/2007/09/flash-me.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703682988/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112802-00074-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971056 | 711 | 1.671875 | 2 |
To many climatey folks, bigger snow storms in winter is a no brainer. But to the rest of the world more snow is an utter contradiction. Indeed, climate deniers exploit this ignorance as a means to protect their own profits. Notorious climate denier congressman James Inhofe (R-OK) receives nearly 90% of his campaign contributions from oil companies, so he is happy to sell his soul to continue protecting his donors from climate legislation. He knows that, to the general public, “global warming” should mean warmer winters, and therefore less storms. It’s the perfect way for a politician to prey on his constituents.
Of course, more snow in winter does not disprove climate change. Indeed, it confirms what climate science has been saying for decades - more intense storms throughout the year.
More moisture in the air means larger precipitation events, regardless the time of year - winter or summer. The best lay-analogy I’ve heard is that climate change works like steroids - storms are “juiced,” making for stronger storms. Pretty simple, to my mind. But how this “juicing” works is a bit more complicated. Physics, computer models, atmospheric science, geography, temperatures, weather cycles, etc., all act together as the “steroid.”
Explaining why there will be bigger snow storms in winter is, therefore, one of the biggest challenges amongst climate researchers and science journalists who aim to inform the public.
USA Today gifted us this fine report explaining how winter storms will become more intense. The clarity is perfect:
Global warming could lead to more blizzards but less overall snow.
With scant snowfall and barren ski slopes in parts of the Midwest and Northeast the past couple of years, some scientists have pointed to global warming as the culprit.
Then when a whopper of a blizzard smacked the Northeast with more than 2 feet of snow in some places earlier this month, some of the same people again blamed global warming.
How can that be? It’s been a joke among skeptics, pointing to what seems to be a brazen contradiction.
But the answer lies in atmospheric physics. A warmer atmosphere can hold, and dump, more moisture, snow experts say. And two soon-to-be-published studies demonstrate how there can be more giant blizzards yet less snow overall each year. Projections are that that’s likely to continue with man-made global warming.
— The United States has been walloped by twice as many of the most extreme snowstorms in the past 50 years than in the previous 60 years, according to an upcoming study on extreme weather by leading federal and university climate scientists. This also fits with a dramatic upward trend in extreme winter precipitation — both rain and snow — in the Northeastern U.S. charted by the National Climatic Data Center.
— Yet the Global Snow Lab at Rutgers University says that spring snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere has shrunk on average by 1 million square miles in the last 45 years.
— And an upcoming study in the Journal of Climate says computer models predict annual global snowfall to shrink by more than a foot in the next 50 years. The study’s author said most people live in parts of the United States that are likely to see annual snowfall drop between 30 and 70 percent by the end of the century.
“Shorter snow season, less snow overall, but the occasional knockout punch,” Princeton University climate scientist Michael Oppenheimer said. “That’s the new world we live in.”
Ten climate scientists say the idea of less snow and more blizzards makes sense: A warmer world is likely to decrease the overall amount of snow falling each year and shrink snow season. But when it is cold enough for a snowstorm to hit, the slightly warmer air is often carrying more moisture, producing potentially historic blizzards.
Great read via the underrated USA Today
It’s Climate Science Communications Week at Climate Adaptation! For the entire week of Feb. 18 - 23, I’ll cover how climate change is discussed by the media, scientists, researchers, academics, and politicians. If you have sources or ideas on communicating climate change, send to: http://climateadaptation.tumblr.com/submit | <urn:uuid:5b72701c-9ca9-430a-8765-3c4dc840b856> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://climateadaptation.tumblr.com/tagged/snow | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705559639/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115919-00049-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93776 | 892 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Did you know that even if your pets are inside most of the day, they are still vulnerable to mosquito bites when they go out for potty breaks and walks? Mosquitos are most active at dusk and dawn and are stealthy at getting into homes without humans detecting their whereabouts. With each bite from a mosquito, your pet runs the risk of becoming infected with heartworms.
Heartworm disease is all too common, very serious and potentially fatal. The parasitic worms actually live in the animal’s heart and lungs. It is not unusual to have 30 or more worms living in the pet’s heart and lung area. Sadly, the symptoms often do not present themselves until the heartworm disease is advanced.
Dog’s symptoms include a mild but persistent cough, reduced appetite, weight loss, and fatigue after moderate exercise. Cats can also get heartworms. The symptoms for cats may be very nonspecific, including gagging,vomiting, rapid or difficulty breathing, weight loss and lethargy. We can run a simple in house blood test to diagnose whether your pets are positive for heart worms or not.
Florida and the entire southeast area is an extremely high-risk area for the spread of heartworms throughout the entire year. That is why it is imperative to keep pets current on their heartworm prevention every month. Animals are infected with heartworms from the bites of mosquitos. And unfortunately, Florida has mosquitos year round as it never gets cold enough to kill the pesky parasites.
Luckily, heartworms are easily prevented in both dogs and cats. We carry many forms of heartworm prevention to suit every pet’s needs. We have once-a-month pills, chews and topicals. We sell preventatives that are strictly for heartworms as well as products that are a combination of flea and heartworm prevention. There is not a product that prevents fleas, ticks and heartworms all at the same time – yet!
Just like human medicine, prevention is far less expensive than treatment. The pill can cost as little as $5.00 a month, per pet, depending on the pet’s weight and which product you choose. Without prevention, your pet’s susceptibility to heartworms is very high. This is why year-round prevention is an absolute must.
The other reason that it is important to be diligent with your pet’s heartworm prevention is that currently the medicine used to treat heartworms in dogs is not available from the manufacturer. We have no idea when the product will be available again. Therefore, we don’t have a a way to treat the disease in dogs. There still isn’t an approved method of heartworm treatment for cats.
Keeping your pets indoors is not an effective method of preventing heartworm disease. As mentioned before mosquitos find their way into many clean/maintained homes, resulting in many “indoor only” animals testing positive for heartworm disease. You can try to reduce the mosquitos in your immediate area by getting rid of any standing water to prevent mosquito larvae from maturing. Look around your property for flower pots, bowls, even tires with stagnant water sitting in them. However, this may be futile as we obviously live in a swamp. Being Floridians we are surrounded by multitudes of water sources.
We urge you to not use human insect repellents containing DEET on your pets. If you ever have a question about what you can or can not use on your pet give us a call, (904) 744-7206. We are happy to help keep your pets safe. ~Angela | <urn:uuid:fe115ad5-7caa-4a66-95db-9b69e4f88f44> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://merrillanimalclinic.com/wall/?tag=animal-care | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00001-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955071 | 748 | 2.828125 | 3 |
John IIArticle Free Pass
John II, byname John the Good, French Jean le Bon (born April 16, 1319, near Le Mans, Fr.—died April 8, 1364, London), king of France from 1350 to 1364. Captured by the English at the Battle of Poitiers on Sept. 19, 1356, he was forced to sign the disastrous treaties of 1360 during the first phase of the Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453) between France and England.
After becoming king on Aug. 22, 1350, John continued a truce with the English until later that year, when he had an English hostage, Raoul de Brienne, comte d’Eu, former constable of France, executed. By March 1351 King Edward III of England realized the impossibility of remaining at peace; but John committed the first act of hostility by attacking and recapturing Saint-Jean-d’Angély in western France that September 7. John signed a new truce with England on Sept. 12, 1351, but broke it by supporting the partisans of Charles of Blois (a pretender to Brittany, then held prisoner by Edward) in August 1352; the peace, however, was extended until September 23.
John’s other bitter enemy was Charles II the Bad, king of Navarre, to whom John gave his daughter Joan as an offer of alliance; the enmity still remained strong, however, because John never paid a dowry or recognized a rent of 15,000 livres due to Charles. John further irritated Charles by giving the new constable of France, Charles de La Cerda, lands that were claimed by Charles of Navarre. In revenge, the latter had the new constable assassinated; but in spite of John’s rage, the two kings made a superficial peace in February 1354. Charles desired an alliance with Edward, which so frightened John that he made another peace with Charles on Sept. 10, 1355. On April 16, 1356, at Rouen, John took his revenge on Charles by having him imprisoned.
Meanwhile Edward, displeased by the 1355 alliance between John and Charles, invaded France later that year but then returned to England before any confrontations. At the same time, Edward’s son Edward, prince of Wales (later called the Black Prince), attacked southern France. Unable to halt the English invasions because he lacked funds, John gathered the States General to seek money and to impose an unpopular salt tax. John first went to defend Paris and Chartres. He and the Prince of Wales finally met near Poitiers in September 1356. The French army was decimated, and John was taken prisoner.
John was taken to London in April 1357, where he was lodged in the Savoy palace; there he concluded treaties (January 1358 and March 1359) so harsh that they were repudiated in France. Finally the treaties of Brétigny and of Calais (May and October 1360) fixed John’s ransom at 3,000,000 gold écus and surrendered most of southwestern France to Edward. On Oct. 9, 1360, John was released to raise a ransom that France could not afford to pay, and hostages were accepted in his place. When one of the hostages (John’s own son) escaped, John, feeling dishonoured, returned to England on his own volition as a prisoner.
What made you want to look up "John II"? Please share what surprised you most... | <urn:uuid:da9d8bba-fea1-449a-af84-ae804c73aa8b> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/304699/John-II | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700958435/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516104238-00006-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979012 | 732 | 3.453125 | 3 |
By late summer, U.S. residents will be making one less trip to their home and business mailboxes each week.
On Wednesday the U.S. Postal Service announced it would stop delivering mail on Saturdays, and that the discontinuation would begin in August.
Packages will still be delivered six days a week. USPS studies have revealed that while the advent of email and other Internet services had led to a sharp decline in the delivery of letters and other mail, package delivery has increased by 14 percent since 2010. Mail will still be delivered to post office boxes on Saturday, and post offices that offer Saturday hours will continue to do so.
“I think it is a good move, it helps to keep the USPS viable,” said Edward Moore, manager of communications for the Detroit USPS district. “In studies seven out of 10 Americans have supported the change.”
He said the USPS expects to continue to see growth in the delivery of packages as sales teams at local offices continue to recommend the process.
Moore said he doesn’t expect any employees to lose their jobs with the move. Employees' schedules will be adjusted accordingly at each individual location.
Residents in Branch and Hillsdale counties have differing opinions on the decision.
"Seems like all the important mail I get anymore is email," said Joseph Baldauf of Coldwater. "Snail mail just brings the mail you don't want. As long as UPS and FedEx still plan on running on Saturdays, it doesn't seem like a big deal."
Joel Fuller of Jonesville concurred.
"No one really relies onUSPS anymore to get regular mail," he said. "Checks are direct deposited, magazines are online, and when is the last time your best friend sent you a letter?"
Brandi Revers of Hillsdale does not agree.
"Not everyone has a computer, or access to a computer for that matter," she said. "What about the elderly who do not even know how to get on a computer? They rely on mail. I have an aunt that send us a Christmas card and letter every year, and I love getting it."
The plan will save the floundering USPS about $2 billion a year.
"Over the past several years, the Postal Service has advocated shifting to a five-day delivery schedule for mail and packages — and it repeatedly but unsuccessfully appealed to Congress to approve the move," an Associated Press story said. "Though an independent agency, the service gets no tax dollars for its day-to-day operations but is subject to congressional control."
Moore said the USPS is working closely with customers on helping them to change their mailing habits.
"The Postal Service is advancing an important new approach to delivery that reflects the strong growth of our package business and responds to the financial realities resulting from America's changing mailing habits," Donahoe said in a statement prepared for the announcement. "We developed this approach by working with our customers to understand their delivery needs and by identifying creative ways to generate significant cost savings."
The Postal Service made the announcement more than six months before the switch to give residential and business customers time to plan and adjust.
Donahoe said the change would mean a combination of employee reassignment and attrition.
The USPS in November reported an annual loss of a record $15.9 billion for the last budget year and forecast more red ink in 2013, capping a tumultuous year in which it was forced to default on billions in retiree health benefit prepayments to avert bankruptcy.
The financial losses for the fiscal year ending Sept. 30 were more than triple the $5.1 billion loss in the previous year. Having reached its borrowing limit, the mail agency is operating with little cash on hand.
The Postal Service is in the midst of a major restructuring throughout its retail, delivery and mail processing operations. Since 2006, it has cut annual costs by about $15 billion, reduced the size of its career workforce by 193,000 or by 28 percent, and has consolidated more than 200 mail processing locations, officials say.
Representatives of Branch and Hillsdale county post offices declined to comment. | <urn:uuid:4a3b03d8-8be2-46a0-9822-ac89931bc43c> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.hillsdale.net/article/20130207/NEWS/130209593/0/obituaries,Z=728x90 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704392896/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113952-00003-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969736 | 848 | 1.6875 | 2 |
A 140-YEAR-OLD rule will have to be overturned if plans for a luxury spa are to become a reality.
Bosses at Newcastle’s Jesmond Dene House plan to transform the property’s disused stables into a multi-million pound leisure facility, complete with a swimming pool, cafe and treatment rooms.
However, an 1871 covenant restricting what the land can be used for could put a stop to the project.
The covenant was made between Sir William Armstrong and his business partner Andrew Noble.
The document states the land “shall not be used as a tea garden or public house or place of public entertainment or as a manufactory of an offensive nature”.
Now Newcastle City Council has applied to have the restriction lifted.
Council lawyers have argued the covenant would impede the use of the land as a spa facility.
The site, used as police stables for a number of years, is currently in a state of disrepair.
Although local residents have welcomed news the building will be renovated, concern has been raised over the removal of the historic covenant.
Robert Wooster, of the Friends of Jesmond Dene, said: “This application is asking for the covenant to be lifted to allow a redevelopment of the old police stables in the grounds of Jesmond Dene House.
“We’ve no problem with the development but we’re worried that if this covenant is lifted, it could lead the way for other planning applications. We wonder whether it is really necessary to remove the covenant.
“We’ve lodged our objections and will now wait to see what happens.”
Newcastle City Council has made an application seeking the discharge of the restriction arguing that it ought to be deemed obsolete.
The application, made under section 84 of the Law of Property Act 1925 to discharge or modify a restrictive covenant, has been made to the Lands Chamber of the Upper Tribunal, in London, where a judge will now consider the evidence.
Jesmond Dene House was built in 1822 by renowned architect John Dobson.
It was purchased by Captain Andrew Noble, who was later knighted, in 1871, on the advice of Lord Armstrong.
The former lodge and stables stand to the west of the entrance to Jesmond Dene House. A council spokesman said: “The council has negotiated the sale of the former police stables in Jesmond Dene, which it currently owns, with a view to their conversion to a Spa facility. This would allow these derelict buildings to be brought back into use.
“The council is also processing an application to allow the removal of historic restrictive covenants relating to the property. These restrictions, dating back to 1871, are no longer relevant and would impede the potential development of the building, especially for leisure use.
“After completing the necessary consultations this request has been passed to the Land Tribunal for final approval.” | <urn:uuid:058c306c-e6f2-407e-8eac-cd76e0d7bb14> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.journallive.co.uk/north-east-news/todays-news/2011/05/25/spa-plans-for-disused-stables-at-jesmond-dene-house-61634-28758176/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703298047/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112138-00024-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958457 | 608 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Humane Myth has some great commentary about veganism:
“Veganism was born in the cataclysmic aftermath of World War II, a time, like this one, when many people wondered if humanity had the wisdom necessary to to avoid self-annihilation. As if in answer to the overwhelming dilemmas posed by a world war and the frightful power of the atomic bomb, [Donald] Watson and his contemporaries offered a humble path to peace that began with each person’s ability to refuse to participate in the exploitation and killing of others, be they human or non-human animals.
“It is important to remember that Watson’s rejection of animal exploitation did not occur in response to industrialized farming, but in response to what he saw going on at his uncle’s small scale farm, where he observed, ‘The idyllic scene was nothing more than death row, where every creature’s days were numbered by the point at which it was no longer of service to human beings.’”
To watch a video and read the rest of this article, click here >> | <urn:uuid:01dd07a4-452c-4729-87d5-468e5bd4661f> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.vegansoapbox.com/refusing-to-kill/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368708766848/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125246-00014-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975764 | 230 | 2.125 | 2 |
Treat your sleep apnea symptoms to get an adequate amount of sleep every night. You can begin to get a good night’s rest by starting to treat your sleep apnea. You can start this process by finishing this article and reading its helpful advice and ideas.
Don’t drink a lot of alcohol. Alcohol relaxes your muscles in a way that harms your breathing. You may want to feel more relaxed, but it can exacerbate your apnea. Your throat muscles relax too much from alcohol, which means trouble of your body to manage breathing. If you feel you must drink, try not to do it as often or before you go to sleep.
Did you know that sleep apnea can afflict children? If your kid is acting out at school and cranky all the time, he might have sleep apnea. Sleep apnea symptoms can mimic those of ADHD, but only a doctor can give the proper diagnosis.
Dealing with sleep apnea is normally something that is very serious. Talk with your doctor immediately if you see any of the warning symptoms. If you are diagnosed with the condition, your doctor may send you to a sleep specialist, as well as recommend a sleep test to monitor your condition.
Try to sleep on your sides to keep sleep apnea from ruining your sleep. The airway obstructions that cause sleep apnea are far more likely to occur if you sleep on your back than in any other position. If you can get to sleep lying on your side (and stay that way through the night), you may well experience a much less trouble night.
Look for other sleeping aids besides sleeping pills. Sleeping pills are similar to alcohol in that they cause the muscles in your throat to be less tense. They’re also known for causing other problems in those that have to deal with sleep apnea. Consult with your practitioner to see what you can do to get to sleep without putting your breathing patterns at risk.
Sleep on your side as much as possible. Sleep apnea sufferers tend to sleep on their back. If you sleep on your back, you can cause your throat and mouth tissues to block the airways. It’s easier to breathe when looking to the side. Put a pillow on your side if you always find yourself moving around during sleep.
Life is hard enough without having to suffer sleep apnea induced sleep deprivation. This article has shown you that you don’t need to suffer needlessly, and you can begin to feel better again if your sleep apnea is treated. | <urn:uuid:f2309454-25eb-4649-889a-c7963b92edcd> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://odessacommunity.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368708142388/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516124222-00049-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960139 | 517 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Bach, Johann Sebastian
Big Bang Theory
Khan, Hazrat Inayat
Khan, Pir Vilayat Inayat
Khan, Pir Zia
Pir o Murshid
In mathematics and physics, "n" represents any whole number you can think of, and therefore represents the progression of numbers into infinity. "N-dimensional" describes something that could have any number of dimensions up to and including infinitely many.
A dimension can be thought of as a degree of freedom. That is, a direction in which movement is possible. In a place with no dimension, everything exists as a point, with no possibility of motion in any direction. This mathematical abstraction is reminiscent of the physicist's conception of the state of the universe before the Big Bang.
In one dimension, motion is possible along a line either forwards or backwards. It is a state of duality, where the only aspirations available are to be closer or further. From this perspective, anything blocking the way is impassible and forms the boundary of the universe. This state can be illustrated by imagining the choices available to a trapeze artist suspended on a wire above the Grand Canyon.
In the second dimension, motion is only possible in a plane, much like driving a car in a vast parkinglot. Every object, regardless of whether it is a circle, square or a wavy line appears as a straight line from within a plane, since there is no notion of height, only of breadth. To see this, put your eyes level to a tabletop and look at the side of a coin, a paperclip, a CD, a knife. This perspective is playfully explored in FlatLand, a parabel written by Edwin Abbott in 1884 about a two dimensional being that is exposed to the third dimension.
"When my Grandson entered the room I carefully secured the door. Then, sitting down by his side and taking our mathematical tablets,—or, as you would call them, Lines—I told him we would resume the lesson of yesterday. I taught him once more how a Point by motion in One Dimension produces a Line, and how a straight Line in Two Dimensions produces a Square. After this, forcing a laugh, I said, 'And now, you scamp, you wanted to make believe that a Square may in the same way by motion "Upward, not Northward" produce another figure, a sort of extra square in Three Dimensions. Say that again, you young rascal.'"—Edwin Abbot, FlatLand
To reach the fourth dimension, we must make a similar leap: imagine extending a cube in a direction that is neither north, south, east west, up nor down, but is at the same time kindred to these directions. The object created by such motion, illustrated above, is called a hypercube.
Another way to approach a four-dimensional perspective is to consider how we can look right into inhabitants of Flatland and see all their pieces at once, inside and out. Then, imagine how your body would look to a four-dimensional being: visible inside and out, clothing, skin and organs all at once. Now consider that this object, your whole body, is just a part of the surface of a four dimensional object.
Our experience of time is often considered to be evidence of the fourth dimension. Perhaps the future is a "direction" we could move a cube in to get a hypercube. To see it, however, we would have to be able to view all of time at once.
A provocative work on considerations of the fourth dimension, Tertium Organum was written in the 1920's by a Russian mathematician and mystic, P.D. Ouspensky. Explored is the idea that we experience the fourth-dimension all the time imperfectly with our limited organs of perception as love, art, beauty and so forth.
"If we touch the surface of the table with our five fingertips of one hand, there will be then on the surface of the table only five circles, and on this surface it is impossible to have any idea either of the hand or of the man to whom the hand belongs. There will be five separate circles on the table's surface. How from these is it possible to picture a man, with all the richness of his physical and psychological life? It is impossible. Our relation to the four-dimensional world may be exactly the same as the relationship between that consciousness which sees the five circles on the table and the man. We see only 'fingertips'; that is why the fourth dimension is incomprehensible for us."—P.D. Ouspensky, Tertium Organum
The idea that many apparent individuals are infact "fingers" of a greater being can be found actualized right here in the third-dimension in plants that have an extensive, but hidden root system, such as aspens and mushrooms. To consider if there is a four-dimensional entity of whom you are but an organ or hair or finger may seem foreign and unknowable, but for some it is just the beginning of a larger conception of being itself.
"It is necessary to go farther, and to recognize a very wide extension of the idea of Higher Space, which is by no means exhausted when we have reached the conception of Space of Four Dimensions... When we have recognized the existence of Space of Four Dimensions there is no greater strain called for in the recognition of the existence of Space of Five Dimensions, and so on up to Space of an infinite number of Dimensions.
"...And though it is impossible even to begin to imagine what the appearance of a material object in our Space may be to an observer in a much Higher Space, still it is evident that to him is presented a still more infinitely perfect view of its constituents than to an observer in any Lower region of Space. While to an eye in the Highest Space of all, an infinitely perfect revealing of the most hidden and secret things is of necessity presented.
"This emphasizes very strongly what has been said about the Omniscience of God. For he, dwelling in the Highest Space of all, not only has this perfect view of all the constituents of our being, but also is most infinitely near to every point and particle of our whole constitution. So that in the most strictly physical sense it is true that in Him we live and move and have our being."—Arthur Willink, The World of the Unseen (1893) | <urn:uuid:18ed5d2b-d3b9-45e7-ad93-06a4fa1ff4e2> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.universel.net/Gateway.cfm?Selected=Glossary&SelectedID=14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696382584/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092622-00068-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941733 | 1,315 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Although the process of fermenting milk with live, active cultures originated in the Middle East around 10,000 B.C., these twists on traditional cow's-milk yogurt may be new to you.
Tangy (like goat cheese) with tiny protein and fat particles that make it even smoother than cow's-milk varieties. Pros: Less casein protein means fewer allergic reactions. Cons: Still may trigger allergies. Try: Redwood Hill Farm Apricot Mango yogurt
Whey is strained off this creamy cow's-milk yogurt, giving it an ultrathick consistency and a rich flavor similar to sour cream. Pros: Ideal substitute for butter or mayonnaise. Cons: May be high in fat and calories; not suitable for people with lactose intolerance or allergies. Try: Fage Total 2% Greek yogurt
Although it's made with cow's milk, Russian yogurt doesn't contain emulsifiers or enzymes to thicken it, so it has a more delicate texture and taste. Pros: Often fine for people with mild lactose sensitivity. Cons: Liquid occasionally separates; limited flavors. Try: Pavel's Original Russian Yogurt in Low-Fat Vanilla
Soy milk is substituted for dairy, lending a nutty taste. Pros: Lactose and casein free; vegan; may benefit heart health. Cons: Can be runny; strong flavor isn't for everyone. Try: So Delicious Cinnamon Bun Dairy Free Yogurt | <urn:uuid:796545e2-54c1-44fa-b6cb-7a8f91763116> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://deliciousliving.com/print/food-and-beverage/go-yogurt | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698924319/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516100844-00003-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.907847 | 295 | 1.84375 | 2 |
the net of people deeply affected by political violence
His Excellency Father Miguel d’Escoto Brockmann
Tuesday 23 September 2008
Andrea Leblanc has sent this important document for its inclusion in this homepage
His Excellency Father Miguel d’Escoto Brockmann
President of the United Nations General Assembly
at the opening of the General Debate
United Nations, New York
Tuesday 23 September 2008
• Your Excellencies, Heads of State and Government,
• Vice-Presidents, Ministers for Foreign Affairs and other representatives of the 192 States Members of our Organization,
• Mr. Secretary-General,
• Dear friends,
1. It is a great honour for me to address you at the opening of the general debate of this sixty-third session of the General Assembly. The international situation at this point in time is far from satisfactory. In fact, the world is in even more serious trouble than it was 63 years ago when the United Nations was founded.
2. Right now we are witnessing a confluence of large-scale, interrelated crises. But crises need not necessarily turn into tragedies. This is a time of tremendous opportunities to introduce corrective measures to improve our way of doing things, of interacting with one another and with Mother Earth and the natural world in general.
3. If we are to seize the opportunities that these crises now offer, we must move beyond lamentations, speech-making and statements of good intentions and take concrete action based on a firm resolve to replace the individualism and selfishness of the dominant culture with human solidarity as the golden rule that guides our behaviour.
4. Our Organization has done many laudable things which, had the United Nations not existed, surely could not have been done.
5. However, if we look at the Organization’s progress in fulfilling the primary purposes for which it was founded, we must admit that in terms of eliminating war, achieving disarmament and ensuring international security, we have failed.
6. In signing the Charter of the United Nations, all of us undertook to uphold certain principles which, if they had truly been upheld by all Member States, would have placed the world in a much better position today to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century.
7. The world our world is ailing and its illness is the one that Tolstoy described more than 100 years ago as the "mania of selfishness".
8. Some say that this is irreversiblethat it is too late to do anything about it. I think this attitude is one of dangerous defeatism that will only paralyse us and guarantee that we keep sinking, until we drown, in the morass of maniacal, suicidal selfishness in which we find ourselves.
9. More than half the world’s people languish in hunger and poverty while at the same time more and more money is spent on weapons, wars, luxuries and totally superfluous and unnecessary things. We must resist the temptation to bury our heads in the sand in an attempt to deny reality. Let us be brave enough to acknowledge the vast inequities that exist in the world and within most of our countries, even in many of the most developed countries. These inequities are time bombs that will not simply go away if we ignore them.
10. In addition to the problem of hunger, poverty and high food prices, there are many other problems whose human origin can no longer be doubted. These include climate change, efforts to privatize water and the squandering of water as though it were an inexhaustible resource, the arms build-up, terrorism, human trafficking, the Palestine situation, humanitarian aid, gender inequality and children in especially difficult circumstances such as armed conflict or humanitarian disaster.
11. These are the most pressing problems that our world faces today. All of them are man-made, and all can be traced in large part to the lack of democracy at the United Nations. A small group of States take decisions based on selfish motives, and the world’s poor are the ones who suffer the consequences.
12. The decisions with the most serious consequences for the membership do not go through the General Assembly. In any event, the resolutions of the General Assembly that is, of the representatives of "we the peoples", in whose name our Organization was founded are regarded as mere recommendations that are casually ignored even though they represent the wishes of 95 per cent of the Organization’s Members.
13. The current financial crisis, on top of the high cost of food and the humanitarian devastation caused by recurrent natural phenomena, will have very serious consequences that will impede significant progress, if indeed any progress is made, towards the targets established in the Millennium Development Goals, which are themselves insufficient. It is always the poor who pay the price for the unbridled greed and irresponsibility of the powerful.
Dear brothers and sisters,
14. The world has reached a point at which we have no alternativeeither we love one another or we all perish; either we treat each other as brothers and sisters or we witness the beginning of the end of our human species. If we choose the path of solidarity, recognizing each other as brothers and sisters, we will open up new horizons of life and hope for everyone.
15. This is what the peoples of the entire world, particularly the dispossessed of this Earth, hope to hear from this distinguished gathering of some 100 Heads of State and Government. They want to hear a universal commitment to defending the United Nations, on the understanding that this entails respecting and defending the principles on which our Organization is based. First among them is the principle of the sovereign equality of all Member States; second is the obligation of all Members to meet their Charter obligations. Failure to do so would be not only a serious breach of international commitments; it would amount to an attack on the United Nations and its ability to work effectively for peace.
16. The United Nations has officially proclaimed 2009 the International Year of Reconciliation. Starting today, we must begin to adopt that mindset. We should emerge from this general debate in a state of reconciliation, determined to stop treating each other arrogantly and to stop attacking each other. We must forgive those who might have caused us great pain and suffering but who are now pledged to refrain from attacking us again.
17. Forgiveness is never a sign of weakness. On the contrary, great spiritual strength is needed to forgive and to refuse to let memories of past abuses become obstacles to achieving the levels of unity and solidarity we need in order to build a new worldin the conviction that a different world is possible.
18. In a moment I will have the great honour and privilege of inviting each of you, one by one, to present, as representatives of the States Members of our Organization, your vision of how we should address the great challenges of the day and how we can achieve the unity we need in order to do so effectively.
19. The first representative whom I will, with great pride and pleasure, be calling upon to take the floor is a very dear friend of many years, President Lula of Brazil, the largest country in my extended homeland of Latin America and the Caribbean.
20. Immediately afterward I will have the great honour to call upon our dear brother President Bush and to shake his hand. What he has to say to us will be of great importance to the world. After that I will call upon our very dear brother President Sarkozy of France, who is also the current President of the European Union. Next will come the Presidents of the Philippines, Gabon, Bahrain, my homeland of Nicaragua, Liberia, Turkey, Argentina, Madagascar, Serbia and the United Republic of Tanzania, who is also the current President of the African Union. I am sure that the spirit of our dear brother and friend Julius Nyerere will be with us, helping us to achieve the noble aims of this general debate.
21. These introductory remarks are made from the heart. They are meant as a kind of fraternal embrace for all of you, without exception, in caritate non ficta, with love unfeigned, to echo a phrase of the Apostle Paul that has always been a favourite of mine.
[( United Nations Radio News Service: Priorities of Today’s World are Skewed - New GA President
Sep 16, 2008
The Inaugural Speech of the President of the 63rd General Assembly.
Duration: 00 :40:24. Mr. Miguel D’Escoto Brockmann, President of the UN’s | <urn:uuid:ffc356bc-ac77-4044-bd8c-4abae4dff325> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.internationalnetworkforpeace.org/spip.php?article389 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368711005985/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516133005-00043-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950769 | 1,744 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Parish Athletic Philosophy
Interscholastic sports are one of a number of programs and experiences available to assist students in their personal growth and development. Athletics can assist in promoting the importance of team work and team unity; the importance of hard work, loyalty and dedication to tasks; the importance of establishing goals and working toward their achievement and the development of principles relating to sportsmanship and fair play.
The manner that our athletes conduct themselves on and off the field, exhibiting dignity and grace in the face of adversity, and the effort put forth by the individual in whatever endeavor he/she undertakes is the core of the Parish athletic program.
All athletes do not perform at the same level, but maximum effort, commitment and a winning attitude are requisite expectations for any and all participants. | <urn:uuid:80b7cac5-13c7-4310-8b3f-8033f3119270> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.parishepiscopal.org/page.cfm?p=379 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368708766848/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125246-00020-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948915 | 158 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Injuries are on the rise. Here, what parents must know to protect their young athletes.
Are School Sports Dangerous?
Kelly Charles, a Dallas mother of three girls, never thought that her eldest daughter, Alexandra, now 17, could be seriously injured as a cheerleader. But then all those handsprings and all that tumbling started taking their toll. First Alexandra dislocated her right shoulder. When she returned to the squad, she dislocated it again. And again. And again. Eventually she required surgery, which permanently ended her cheerleading career. Today she's off to college with an eight-inch scar and three pins in her shoulder.
Welcome to the world of school-sports injuries, which are on the rise thanks to the growing numbers of girls and boys who participate. At last count, 38 million kids age 18 and younger participated in sports, many of which are school sponsored. And every year, 2.6 million youngsters 5 to 24 suffer a sports injury serious enough to miss school, practice, or games, according to the National Center for Health Statistics.
Protect Your Child
Being prepared -- and then playing it safe -- is the key to a healthy sports season. Follow these tips to keep your child off the bench:
- Book an appointment with your family physician before the season begins. The doctor should examine your teenager's bones and joints, check her heart rate and pulse, and test her reflexes to pick up on any problems that may put her at risk of injury and ensure that she's physically fit enough for the sport she intends to play, says Keith Gorse, a clinical coordinator and instructor in the undergraduate athletic-training program at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh. For example, if your daughter wants to try out for the gymnastics team, the doctor should check the range of motion, flexibility, and strength of her ankles and lower back. If your son is going out for track, your doctor should check his hamstring flexibility by having him do straight leg raises. Also ask the doctor to recommend a preseason stretching program.
- Make sure your son or daughter always wears proper protective gear, such as a helmet and shoulder pads for football and shin guards for soccer. Mouth guards should be worn for any type of contact or collision sport, says David Marshall, MD, medical director of the Sports Medicine Program at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta. Eye protection is also important in sports such as lacrosse.
- Don't let your teen play if he's in pain. While doing so might seem "heroic," it can make the injury worse and harder to treat, says Dr. Marshall. Pain, swelling, or limping is an indication that it's time for your teen to take a time-out and see the doctor.
- Be sure the coach knows first aid and CPR and always warms up the team before practice and has them cool down and stretch afterward.
Originally published in Ladies' Home Journal magazine, September 2004.
© Copyright Meredith Corporation. All Rights Reserved. | <urn:uuid:260369ed-17e2-42ce-bc7f-474f965f22e6> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.lhj.com/lhj/printableStory.jsp?storyid=/templatedata/lhj/story/data/LHJ0904SchoolSportsSafety_08232004.xml&catref=lhj135 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698207393/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095647-00046-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961152 | 610 | 2.5625 | 3 |
It’s an exciting season for foodies: Fresh local produce is at its peak! We know that gathering produce at the farmer’s market connects us to the earth and to our community, but is there a nutritional advantage to eating locally grown food as well? Harvard’s Center for Health and the Global Environment (HCHGE) reviewed the literature and came to similar conclusions. Those adept at using their senses to guide their health choices already know the answer—just notice the colors and aromas of produce from your garden compared to the supermarket.
To maximize the nutrient density (a measure of food quality that compares foods by nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants per calorie) of your produce, consider the farm-to-table path it takes. Generally, the longer and more complex this path is, the less nutrient-dense the food on your plate. According to HCHGE, the nutritional quality of produce depends on the variety chosen, growing methods, ripeness when picked, post-harvest handling, storage, extent and type of processing, and distance transported. | <urn:uuid:854bd5e3-c80d-4b61-9754-80d62fa2c1e4> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://kripalu.org/blog/thrive/tag/harvest/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368707435344/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516123035-00037-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929875 | 221 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Property tax assessments statewide dropped this year for the first time since the California Board of Equalization started keeping records in 1933.
The total value of state- and county-assessed property on Jan. 1 was $4.4 trillion, a drop of $107.2 billion — or 2.4 percent — from Jan. 1, 2008, board chairwoman Betty Yee announced today.
Because property taxes are generally 1 percent of assessed value (excluding any locally approved taxes), property tax revenues will also fall by roughly 2.4 percent this fiscal year.
Property taxes are collected by each county. Most of the money goes to that county’s city and county governments and to schools (although if schools lose property tax revenues, the state will replace them, up to a point). Not every county will be hurt.
Assessed values actually rose in 20 counties and fell in 38. Year-to-year percentage changes ranged from a 7.1 percent increase in San Francisco to a 13.4 percent decline in Merced County.
Other Bay Area counties (and their percentage changes) were Marin (up 1.8 percent), Napa (up 0.8 percent), San Mateo (up 0.5 percent), Santa Clara (up 0.1 percent), Sonoma (down 1.3 percent), Alameda (down 2.5 percent), Contra Costa, (down 7 percent) and Solano (down 9.4 percent).
The largest declines were concentrated in the Central Valley.
“Inland values were hit so hard because they had lots of new homes built in the boom in recent years. There was not the same level of new construction in the Bay Area. It was more built out,” says Anita Gore, a spokeswoman for the board.
Assessed values are not the same as market values although they can be affected by changes in market value.
Under Proposition 13, property in California is generally reassessed only when there is a change of ownership or to reflect the value of new construction. Values are also adjusted annually for inflation, but can’t increase more than 2 percent per year. As a result, homes that have not changed hands in many moons can have assessed values that are far below their market values.
However, under Proposition 8, if a home’s market value falls below its assessed value, the homeowner can ask for a temporary reduction in the assessed value. Many county tax assessors this year and last automatically granted Prop 8 reductions on homes that had been purchased recently in areas with steep price declines.
Although home values in California have declined in the past, normally those declines are more than offset by increases in property assessments due to inflation and the turnover of properties that haven’t changed hands in many years. This year, the decline in many counties was so steep it overwhelmed those normal increases.
For county-by-county data, see here.
The news comes less than a week after the Board of Equalization notified 337 cities, counties and transportation agencies that their share of state sales tax revenues has been cut because sales have dropped more severely than expected. State officials had expected that sales tax revenues would drop 14.4 percent in April, May and June, but receipts actually fell 18.75 percent. | <urn:uuid:5e903790-f2e3-438d-8593-35e18f8a238a> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://blog.sfgate.com/pender/category/taxes/page/6/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703682988/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112802-00066-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962384 | 667 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Mike Tyson makes it to Hall of Fame
June 17, 2011
Sporting legend Mike Tyson has been included into International Boxing Hall of Fame at a grand ceremony in Canastota, New York.
Once castigated as the “baddest man on earth,” Tyson fumbled for words and broke down in tears while accepting the honour.
"Rocky" movie series mega star Sylvester Stallone was also among the Hall of Fame inductees along with Mexican champion Julio Cesar Chavez, Russian-born junior welterweight Kostya Tszyu, Mexican trainer Ignacio "Nacho" Beristain and referee Joe Cortez.
Tyson, 44, finished with a 50-6-0-2 record, winning 44 of those fights by knockout. The heavyweight was the youngest boxer to hold the WBA, WBC and IBF titles at the same time and the only heavyweight to unify those titles individually before losing those titles to Buster Douglas in a massive 1990 upset.
After serving three years in prison for sexual assault, Tyson engaged in a series of comeback fights, most notably two fights against Evander Holyfield, one of which ended after Tyson bit Holyfield's ear. It was only one in a series of missteps out of the ring for Tyson, whose public fall from grace was as epic as his initial rise to stardom was. He retired from boxing in 2006. | <urn:uuid:b7543137-98d5-4d13-92bf-9ab41b22f9eb> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.weeklypulse.org/details.aspx?contentID=843&storylist=8 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703298047/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112138-00018-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96589 | 290 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Decades ago, the Kalighat depot used to be one of the busiest in Kolkata. Trams would ply on three routes covering about 16 km. But, the road patches were ripped away as they made way for cars and buses.
Asia’s oldest functional tram service, The Calcutta Tramways Corporation, gradually became loss making, eventually turning into a huge burden on the state.
It launched a bus service a couple of years back, but cash-strapped CTC could not rise; the service had only added to the company’s financial liabilities.
Now, CTC plans to explore the water route in search of a turnaround, reported Business Standard today.
Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee in an effort to popularise ferry services on the Ganges has chalked out a plan with CTC, wherein ferry services will be made available between Barrackpore in North 24 Parganas and Babu Ghat in Kolkata.
In the new ferry proposal, CTC has stated an initial requirement of eight 60-seater speedboats, including two air-conditioned ones. The transport corporation is also considering roping in private partners for the venture.
According to the state transport department, though CTC earns about Rs 50 crore a year from its tram and bus services, it spends a lot more on salaries to its workforce of about 6,500.
Currently, CTC operates 125 trams in Kolkata, carrying about 15,000 passengers daily. It also runs 240 buses in the city and its suburban areas, accounting for about 50,000 passengers daily.
Kolkata remains the only city in the country that has a surviving tram transport system, while cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Patna, Kanpur, Chennai and Nashik have done away with it long back.
But not just ferry services, this Puja, you might get a new dining destination. CTC has also decided to roll out four ‘mobile cafeterias’ — cafes on trams — in a bid to halt the downhill slide of this heritage mode of transport, reported the Times of India.
Meanwhile, CTC wants to generate revenue through alternative means like running more buses on profitable routes and having an on-board ticket checking system. There are also plans to introduce AC trams and buses and turn underutilised tram depots into parking lots.
But will the ferry service, the AC trams or the cafeteria in trams be able to save Kolkata’s heritage? | <urn:uuid:09ca0c3f-3ef4-4de7-ba3d-74a684e33093> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.firstpost.com/india/will-ferry-services-ac-trams-save-kolkatas-heritage-334463.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703298047/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112138-00029-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955374 | 520 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Business start-ups were at a 14-year high in 2009 according to the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation. The Foundation also reported that those in the 54-66 age group were the most likely to start a new businesses!
Why now and why this group?
There are many good reasons for Baby Boomers to start businesses now, says Mary Beth Izard, entrepreneur, author of BoomerPreneurs: How Baby Boomers Can Start Their Own Business, Make Money and Enjoy Life, and professor emeritus of Johnson Community College in Overland Park, Kansas.
Some Boomers may have recently retired and want to shore up their depleted retirement accounts or supplement their income. Others may have recently lost their jobs and think a better option is to create their own. In addition, according to Izard, they also have these six things going for them: | <urn:uuid:89d5418c-bdee-40be-8df9-93cea492e54f> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.nacce.com/news/48509/Entrepreneurship-Is-Booming-With-Boomers.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709037764/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125717-00039-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976121 | 175 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
The Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
(MJGL) published its first issue in the winter of 1994. After the publication of its
second issue, MJGL won approval to increase its publication to two issues per year. The Journal was founded by a group of first-year students in 1991, who recognized the need for an alternative voice at the Law School and in the legal community. The Journal's goal is to provide practitioners, academics, activists, and students with a forum for expressing their views concerning gender issues in the law. The MJGL is dedicated to providing a forum where different
segments of the feminist community can explore how gender issues and related issues of race, class, sexual orientation, and culture impact the lives of women and men.
The Journal is produced by students working together in a cooperative, non-traditional organizational structure. Three committees make up the core structure of
the Journal, and students make decisions within committees on a majority basis.
Each committee is overseen by an elected coordinator, who manages the committee's responsibilities and serves as liaison to other committee coordinators. Members include students from all classes. We encourage our staff editors to participate in the functions of the Journal that most interest them. These tasks include article editing, solicitation of new articles, technical production of the final draft, and student writing development.
The Journal is committed to publishing student work and does not differentiate between student notes and other articles in the publication. | <urn:uuid:a7c87e9b-d9b7-4495-bc77-5f882956492e> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.law.umich.edu/journalsandorgs/studentorganizations/Pages/mjgl.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704132298/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113532-00059-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94962 | 297 | 1.625 | 2 |
This might be a stretch, but I was wondering if anyone implemented gravity modeling tools or scripts for Retail Market Analysis (like the Huff Model), to analyze spatial data for customer-store ...
Is there are QGIS plugin to allow the 3d visualisation of geological borehole data similar to the functionality of Target for ArcGIS?
I'm very new to QGIS, I have started using it as my new company is not willing to pay for ArcGIS and Target at this stage so I'm hoping QGIS can substitute not just in the interim but for good. What ...
I'm trying to create a model wherein one of the parameters is a compound variable, that is made of multiple variables joined together. How can this be done? For Example: Create an insider buffer ...
Is there any way or any idea on how to handle Time attribute in GIS? For example, which are the ways to specify that an object is at a place at a given time interval and them it is in another place ...
There are a large number of 3d modelling tools available (both open and closed source). I would like to be able to: Import GIS data into a 3d environment and retain georeferenceing. Retain the ...
In a previous role I helped create Noise Maps for Northern England. The predicted noise levels was done using the IMMI package (which I can recommend) and the cartographic output was done in ArcMap. ...
GPS World reports that Lightsquared's network of 40,000 transmitters will interfere with GPS signals. Initial technical analyses have shown that the distant, low-powered GPS signals would ...
I'm looking for implementations of an algorithm called "Available Sky". ArcGIS (Spatial Analyst or GRID) is preferred, but solutions in GDAL, SAGA GIS or others are perfectly acceptable. The ... | <urn:uuid:fc426bc8-9217-4dad-a3de-482c3e56c95b> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/modelling?sort=faq&pagesize=30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368702448584/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516110728-00061-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921505 | 385 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Notebook: Assyria (1)
The land of Assyria, which in Old Testament times grew to be a dominant power in that part of the world we now know as the Middle East, and which had dealings with Israel, is first mentioned in Scripture as being located in the area through which flowed one of the four rivers coming from the river that flowed out of Eden. This river "went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted and became into four heads" (Gen 2.10). These "four heads" are described: "The name of the first is Pison: that is it which compasseth the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold" (Gen 2.11), "And the name of the second river is Gihon: the same is it that compasseth the whole land of Ethiopia. And the name of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which goeth toward the east of Assyria. And the fourth river is Euphrates" (Gen 2.13-14). "Assyria" is translated by some as Asshur (see JND), but the same word throughout the Old Testament Scriptures is translated "Assyria". Keil and Delitzsch comment, "Hiddekel occurs in Daniel 10.4 as the Hebrew name for Tigris; in the inscriptions of Darius it is called Tigrâ (or the arrow, according to Strabo, Pliny, and Curtius), from the Zendic tighra, pointed, sharp, from which probably the meaning stormy (rapidus Tigris) was derived. It flows before, in front of, Assyria, not to the east of Assyria; for the province of Assyria, which must be intended here, was on the eastern side of the Tigris". The only other mention of Assyria in Genesis notes that the north-eastern extent of the area in which the descendants of Ishmael lived was "as thou goest toward Assyria" (Gen 25.18).
The geographic location of the Assyrian Empire
Over the long history of Assyria the borders were not completely static. As with any empire there were times of change involving expanding and decreasing boundaries. After the expansion of the original city state, the core of the empire lay to the north-east of Israel and covered lands that are now part of Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Iran. The courses of the two great rivers, Tigris and Euphrates, run through this area.
The status of Assyria changed on a number of occasions from being a vassal state to becoming a powerful empire and then losing it again and becoming subject. That cycle took place on more than one occasion.
Reasons for having an interest in Assyria
But why should believers today have any interest in an empire that has long since disappeared? The first reason is that Assyria was instrumental in the defeat of the northern kingdom of Israel and in its subsequent demise. The commencement of the pathway to Israels humiliation was when "Pul the king of Assyria came against the land: and Menahem (king of Israel) gave Pul a thousand talents of silver, that his hand might be with him to confirm the kingdom in his hand" (2 Kings 15.19). Due to the sin of Israel Assyria was sent by the Lord against them, as Isaiah the prophet confirms: "O Assyrian, the rod of mine anger
I will send him against an hypocritical nation" (Is 10.5-6).
The second reason is that Assyria is mentioned in prophecies yet to be fulfilled. "In that day shall there be a highway out of Egypt to Assyria, and the Assyrian shall come into Egypt, and the Egyptian into Assyria, and the Egyptians shall serve with the Assyrians. In that day shall Israel be the third with Egypt and with Assyria" (Is 19.23-24). "The highway will go through Israel: Egypt and Assyria will be united with Israel. This will be a total reversal of history
It must be remembered that at present, these territories are Islamic. They will not only be united: they will be united in the service of Jehovah".1
The Akkadian Empire
The earliest empire known in the area which was later dominated by Assyria is the Akkadian Empire. This came from a kingdom whose capital was Akkad, the site of which is not known. A minor official, Sargon, had rebelled and taken the throne of the kingdom of Kish with a view to establishing an empire. He became known as Sargon the Great and conquered territories in the Fertile Crescent and beyond. His sceptre held sway from the Persian Gulf in the south to the Mediterranean in the west and out beyond Ur of the Chaldees in the east. From this city, many years later, Abraham travelled "not knowing whither he went" (Heb 11.8). It is considered that Ur became one of the largest cities in the ancient world with a population of approximately 65,000.2 It is of more than passing interest to note that Usshers date for Abrams (as his name was at that time) departure from Haran was 1921 BC (Gen 12.1).
After the death of Sargon the Great the empire was held together by his successors for about one century, but eventually it was overrun and the area was broadly divided into two parts, Assyria in the north and Babylon in the south.
Asshur - the city
The city from which the Assyrian empire grew is supposed by some to be named after Asshur, the son of Shem (Gen 10.22). Some confusion has arisen on the basis of the belief that there was another man named Shem who was the son of one of Hams family line, Nimrod (Gen 10.1). It must be observed, however, that Asshur is not stated to be a son of Nimrod. He was a son of Shem who moved north during the time when Nimrod was establishing his kingdom that ultimately become Babylon. Asshur gave his name to the city that he built which was the original capital of Assyria, a city represented by the mounds of Kalah Sherghat, on the west bank of the Tigris.3 The capital later moved to the city of Nineveh.
Early Assyrian Period History
Nothing is written in Scripture regarding the early history of Assyria. We are, therefore, dependent on the considerable material unearthed by archaeologists. The city state of Asshur became an important centre of trading, and established merchant outposts in key surrounding areas. The wealth which this brought the city further enhanced its authority. The main thrust of the trading outposts was towards the area which we now know as Turkey.
Rule in the city was carried out by a council of elders, an annually elected consul, after whom the current year was named, and by a king who ruled on the hereditary principle. In this way Asshur enlarged its rule and influence, with the extended kingdom becoming known as Assyria.
Asshur, however, was conquered by Shamshi-Adad (1813-1791 BC), as part of the expansionist policy of the Amorite tribes. As a consequence of this policy the territories ruled by this monarch occupied the north of Mesopotamia. Conflict, however, continued and ultimately Hammurabi of Babylon added Asshur to his realm. This monarch ruled Asshur through local kings who were under his control. At this time Babylon ruled a considerable part of the area known as the Fertile Crescent, but after Hammurabis death (1750 BC) the kings who succeeded him were unable to maintain their authority over the empire and its territories were lost.
Middle Assyrian Period History
The power of Assyria declined and in the 15th century BC it became a vassal state again for a period of approximately 200 years. The accession to the throne of Tiglath Pileser I (1115-1077 BC), who established the first Assyrian Empire, changed matters dramatically (see map overleaf). He defeated a people called the Mushki, who were moving into Asia Minor and who faced him with an army of 20,000. As this was the main area for the mining of iron ore, the Mushki were a danger to trade and commerce. Tiglath Pileser was a mighty general who established his rule as far as the Mediterranean and in the process defeated Babylon in battle. Twice, at the head of his armies, he entered Babylon and although he did not annex it to his empire he thus displayed the excellence of his military prowess.
The religion of Assyria was wholly idolatrous. "In Akkadian mythology, Anshar (also spelled Anshur), which means sky pivot or sky axle, is a sky god. He is the husband of his sister Kishar. They might both represent heaven (an) and earth (ki). Both are the second generation of gods; their parents being the serpents Lahmu and Lahamu and grandparents Tiamat and Apsu. In their turn they are the parents of Anu another sky god".4
To be continued.
1 John Riddle. What The Bible Teaches: Isaiah; p.239.
2 T Chandler. Four thousand years of urban growth.
3 Eastons Bible Dictionary.
4 Wikipedia - Anshar. | <urn:uuid:1be8a8b3-0797-4214-86f2-af931ca3c043> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.believersmagazine.com/bm.php?i=20110409 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709037764/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125717-00022-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980896 | 1,944 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Bruce Heavin, cofounder of lynda.com, gives an inspiring and whimsically illustrated talk about following your curiosity and embracing failure as the stairway to success.
Get up and running with Prezi, a cutting-edge tool for creating dynamic presentations and interactive stories.
Teaches the basics of creating, editing, and sharing presentations with PowerPoint 2013.
Take a look at suite-wide enhancements like cloud integration, Touch Mode, PDF editing, and Ribbon customization, as well as individual app improvements added to Office 2013.
Get the skills you need to create high-quality presentations.
Develop the confidence and skills you need to deliver an outstanding speech or presentation.
Shows how to make the transition to PowerPoint for Mac 2011.
Executives and product managers from Google, Apple, and Adobe share how to effectively move projects and product ideas forward.
How to make the transition to PowerPoint 2010 from PowerPoint 2003.
Explains the key differences between PowerPoint 2007 and PowerPoint 2003, and the benefits of upgrading.
Provides the tools to use images successfully in popular business applications like Word and PowerPoint.
Learn to make dynamic, effective presentations in PowerPoint. | <urn:uuid:8f40178c-2d6d-4fb3-8a95-40813c1bf0a5> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.lynda.com/allcourses?lpk0=320&pod=ci_blog&category=presentations_37%2Cappropriate-for-all_340 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696383156/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092623-00050-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.902326 | 236 | 1.703125 | 2 |
The Sierra High Route
|A place worth preserving|
Wilderness is for pilgrimages, and we pilgrims must fight to retain the places we love. We're fortunate to have organizations dedicated to saving what little we have left support them!
On a more personal level we must each walk softly on hallowed ground. The following suggestions, although they apply specifically to the Sierra High Route, are nearly universal.
Camp at least 100 feet away from water. This is now the law and certainly helps protect fragile streamside habitats. When possible, camp where others have rather than establish a new site. Plan for storms and pitch your tent in a spot with good drainage; don't dig runoff trenches. John Muir cut pine boughs for his bed, but foam pads mean you don't have to. Leave the site as you'd like to see it next time.
There's no wood at many places on the High Route, and carrying a stove is imperative. If you do make a fire, scrounge only fallen wood and enjoy a small blaze in an existing fireplace. It is sinful to build a new fireplace ring! Extinguish all fires thoroughly before leaving.
Crystal-clear streams are not to be trusted. Giardiasis, that insidious parasitic disease, can be contracted, though it's rare. Other bugs, worse ones, lurk also, so use a filter or boil the water for a few minutes. Wash dishes without soap away from water, thus maintaining the biological balance of lakes and streams.
Bury feces far from water and campsites, in a hole at least four inches deep. This can be difficult, but seek out the best place even if you have to walk a few hundred yards.
If you packed it in, pack it out. And, if you find some slob's refuse, pack that out also.
Using your route-finding skills, skirt fragile meadowlands whenever feasible. Walking on higher, drier ground is better for the meadow and for your boots.
Some practices don't really harm the landscape, but they certainly detract from the High Route experience. Whenever possible, travel in small, unobtrusive groups. If you own two tents, one fire-engine red and one green, take the latter. Leave dogs at home. Avoid unnecessary yelling and yodeling.
Details mentioned in this article were accurate at the time of publication
Best Hotels in Fresno | <urn:uuid:76e6a7e2-5ae5-4306-a9e2-883e66d39852> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://away.com/parks-guide/travel-ta-sequoia-kings-canyon-national-park-fresno-inyo-national-forest-yosemite-sidwcmdev_054017.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700264179/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516103104-00065-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942003 | 494 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Civil War Battles
Custer's Last Stand
Republic of Texas
Civil War Medicine
General McClellan in the Civil War |
Democratic Party Platform |
McClellan, 1864 Democratic Presidential Candidate |
George McClellan Quotes
GEORGE BRINTON, military officer ; born in Philadelphia, Dec.
3, 1826; graduated at West Point in 1846; was lieutenant of sappers,
miners, and pontoniers in the war against Mexico, and was commended for
gallantry at various points from
Vera Cruz to the city of Mexico. After
the war he was instructor of bayonet exercise at West Point, and his
Manual, translated from the French, became the text-book of the service.
In 1852 he was engaged with Capt. Randolph B. Marcy (afterwards his
father-in-law) and Gen. C. F. Smith in explorations and surveys of Red
River, the harbors of
Texas, and the western part of a proposed route
for a Pacific railway; also mountain ranges and the most direct route to
Puget's Sound. He was next sent on a secret mission to Santo Domingo;
and in 1855 he was sent with Majors Delafield and Mordecai to Europe to
study the organization of European armies
General George McClellan
observe the war in the Crimea. Captain McClellan left the army in 1857
and engaged in civil engineering and as superintendent of railroads. He
was residing in Ohio when the
Civil War broke out, and was commissioned major-general of Ohio
volunteers by the governor. He took command of all the troops in the
Department of the Ohio; and after a brief and successful campaign in
western Virginia, was appointed to the command of the National troops on
the Potomac (afterwards the Army of the Potomac) and commissioned a
major-general of the regular army. On the retirement of
General Scott in
November, 1861, he was made general-in-chief. His campaign against
Richmond in 1862 with the Army of the Potomac was not successful. He
General Lee out of Maryland, but his delay in pursuing the
Confederates caused him to be superseded in command by General Burnside.
General McClellan was the unsuccessful Democratic candidate for
President of the United States against Mr. Lincoln in 1864 (see below).
He resigned his commission in the army on the day of the election, Nov.
8, and took up his residence in New York. After a visit to Europe, he
became (1868) a citizen of New Jersey, and engaged in the business of an
engineer. The will of Edward A. Stevens, of Hoboken, made him
superintendent of the Stevens floating battery; and he was appointed
superintendent of docks and piers in the city of New York, which office
he resigned in 1872. In 1877 he was elected governor of New Jersey. He
died in Orange, N. J., Oct. 29, 1885. | <urn:uuid:43b57d5e-9e9a-484b-b5fe-32838bcc69be> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.sonofthesouth.net/union-generals/mcclellan/general-george-mcclellan.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368702810651/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516111330-00020-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954739 | 655 | 2.9375 | 3 |
You’ve decided to run a marathon. So now what? Top running coaches have helped develop programs that will work for runners of any level. Here’s a selection – plus some of your recommendations
1. Olympian Jeff Galloway coaches runners to help stay injury-free with his unique run-walk method. This is ideal for beginners, as it puts less stress on the body, but also good for more experienced runners who tend to develop injuries.
2. Greg McMillan, a marathoner and distance coach, helps time-oriented runners achieve race goals. He has good advice on running techniques – such as running the second half of your long run faster than the first, etc – but you need to subscribe to get the detailed race advice.
3. Veteran runner Hal Higdon has lots of detailed advice for runners of all abilities, ranging from novice to advanced, as well as training for seniors.
4. The Boston Marathon has very good training advice; this material could be good if you’re doing a main piece to accompany different marathon training programmes…
Kealan O’Connor said: “It’s a bit of a minefield, the main thing is to keep running! I came across this today, a bit of reassurance if your under pressure for time.”
Brendan O’Carroll said: “Using the sub 4hour plan from run republic to train for my first.”
Brendan Townsend: “Just started training for my first marathon and am using the FIRST training plan. More here”
Gareth McQuillan backed that up: “I “loosely” followed the FIRST programme for a PB of 3h12 in May. The book is called “Run less, run faster” published by Runners World (and all the details are available on their website)” | <urn:uuid:94ccf959-615a-4339-8447-781ac90d1b05> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.irishtimes.com/blogs/bodyandsole/2012/07/16/you-want-to-run-the-marathon-but-what-plan-should-you-use/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706153698/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120913-00007-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955062 | 392 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Born: United States
Describes treating survivors in a subcamp of Dachau [Interview: 1995]
First of all you try to get...many of the patients were dead. And, of course, they were removing them, you know, right away. And we'd try to get the sickest ones first, get them cleaned up and get them outside, get them out of bed. And take care of them. And if there's any way that they had any flesh at all under the skin, we'd inject water. They call it hypodermoclysis. Sometimes in the shoulder there'd be a little fatty tissue there, muscle, then we'd inject some water into them because they were all dehydrated. And, uh, trying to feed them. And, uh, did I tell you about the men, those people whose feet were so terribly bad, they were all cut up. They wore wooden shoes and no stockings. Well there were a lot of people whose feet were just terrible. So we took care of those. And, uh, oh, I bandaged them up and put A+D Ointment or whatever I could find on them, and little two by four bandages, and get clean socks on them, and uh... But taking care of these patients who hadn't...were starving and had typhus--there wasn't any specific medication for typhus so we'd just use supportive treatment. We concocted some kind of...all we had was powdered milk and some, uh, canned vegetables. And so the fellows in the mess hall would try to make some real...oh, some kind of soup. They'd put the vegetables in the powdered milk and they'd try to feed them that. But if we'd get water down them and, uh, get the temperature down, that was the important thing 'cause there was nothing specific for typhus at that time.
Pat was one of thousands of U.S. nurses who served in evacuation hospitals during the liberation of concentration camps in Europe. She cared for camp survivors, many of whom were in critical condition upon liberation. | <urn:uuid:1fdaeb4d-fc13-4e63-be72-b466c1aac6fc> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_oi.php?ModuleId=10005131&MediaId=2973 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699273641/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516101433-00046-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.989397 | 431 | 1.945313 | 2 |
In 2008, it is estimated that over 1 million women worldwide will be diagnosed with breast cancer, of which 172,695 will be classified as “triple-negative.” The triple-negative phenotype encompasses a breast tumor subtype that is clinically negative for expression of the estrogen and progesterone(Drug information on progesterone) receptors (ER and PR) and lacks overexpression of the HER2 protein, with unique prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Over the past decade, our understanding and treatment of breast cancer has undergone a metamorphosis, shifting from a generally homogeneous approach to a more sophisticated view as guided by gene expression analysis. Multiple studies have reproducibly identified the intrinsic breast cancer subtypes, which include several luminal subtypes characterized by expression of hormone receptor–related genes, and two hormone receptor–negative subtypes—the HER2-positive/ER-negative subtype and the “basal-like” subtype. Contrary to the luminal subtypes, the basal-like subtype is characterized by low expression of ER- and HER2-related genes and clinically is usually, but not always, ER/PR–negative and lack HER2 overexpression, thereby constituting the “triple-negative” phenotype.
Multiple studies have demonstrated that the intrinsic subtypes vary by prognosis, with inferior outcomes illustrated among the two hormone receptor–negative subgroups as compared to the luminal subtypes.[3,4] They may also differ in other important ways. Recent studies suggest that patients with triple-negative breast cancer have a high incidence of visceral metastasis, including brain metastasis. This clinically challenging scenario is an area of fertile research.[5,6]
Unlike the other subtypes, targeted agents specifically aimed at triple-negative breast tumors are not yet available, intensifying the need and interest in advancing novel therapeutic strategies beyond chemotherapy for this subset of high-risk patients. This review will focus on the molecular and clinicopathologic features, epidemiology and risk factors, prognosis, and current and future therapeutic strategies for patients diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer, including a brief discussion of intracranial disease.
Definitions and Molecular Features
It is important to clarify the relationship between triple-negative breast cancer and the basal-like phenotype. Triple-negative is a term based on clinical assays for ER, PR, and HER2, whereas basal-like is a molecular phenotype initially defined using cDNA microarrays.[2,3] Although most triple-negative breast tumors do cluster within the basal-like subgroup, these terms are not synonymous; there is up to 30% discordance between the two groups.[7-10] In this review we will use the term “basal-like” when microarray or more comprehensive immunohistochemical profiling methodology was used, and “triple-negative” when the salient studies relied on clinical assays for definition.
In order to fully understand the molecular and pathologic features classically associated with the triple-negative phenotype, a review of the normal mammary gland parenchymal cells, including their immunophenotype, is essential. The more central luminal cells classically express low-molecular-weight cytokeratins including CK7, CK8, CK18, and CK19, along with MUC1 alpha-6 integrin, BCL1, ER, PR, and GATA3. Moving outward toward the basement membrane, myoepithelial cells comprising the basal cell layer express high-molecular-weight cytokeratins including CK5, CK14, and CK17 in addition to smooth muscle–specific markers, calponin, caldesmon, p63, beta-4 integrin, laminin, maspin, CD10, P-cadherin, caveolin-1, and nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) and S100 (see Table 1).[11-16] Classically, basal-like breast cancers have been characterized by low expression of ER, PR, and HER2 and high expression of CK5, CK14, caveolin-1, CAIX, p63, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, HER1), which reflects the mammary gland basal/myoepithelial cell component.[1,17]
Among this list of markers characteristic of triple-negative breast tumors, several are potentially targetable, notably HER1/EGFR. A member of the “basal cluster” intrinsic gene list, HER1/EGFR is expressed in approximately 60% of basal-like breast tumors.[10,18] It has also been observed that c-Kit expression is higher in basal-like tumors. In one study, 31% of tumors expressing basal cytokeratins had c-Kit staining compared to 11% in basal cytokeratin–negative tumors (P < .001).
Finally, several molecules integrally involved in DNA repair are aberrantly expressed in triple-negative breast cancer, which may have implications for chemotherapy sensitivity. High p53 IHC expression or p53 gene mutations are common in basal-like breast cancer.[3,19] Furthermore, one series illustrates that 82% of basal-like breast cancers expressed a p53 mutation compared with only 13% in the luminal A subtype (P < .001). Several additional and targetable molecular pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of basal-like breast cancer include the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway, the Akt pathway, and the poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) pathway, which will be addressed in more detail in the context of BRCA1 and therapeutics below.
Association With BRCA1 Mutation Status
It has been observed that the majority of BRCA1-associated breast cancers are triple-negative and express a high proportion of basal-like cytokeratins (CK5, 14, 17), as well as P-cadherin and HER1/EGFR.[20-24] The BRCA1 tumor-suppressor gene, originally identified in 1994 by positional cloning on chromosome 17q21, is a multifocal protein in many normal cellular functions including DNA repair, transcriptional regulation, cell cycle checkpoint control, and ubiquitination.[22,25]
Several studies have shown that breast tumors arising in women carrying germline mutations of the BRCA1 tumor-suppressor gene are triple-negative.[24,26] Gene expression studies support this association; among patients with BRCA1 mutations, breast tumors tend to cluster within the basal-like category. As BRCA1 is in part responsible for DNA repair, exploitation of this essential pathway holds therapeutic implications in the context of the triple-negative phenotype and will be discussed further below.
Clinical Characteristics, Epidemiology, and Risk Factors
Triple-negative breast tumors have been characterized by several aggressive clinicopathologic features including onset at a younger age, higher mean tumor size, higher-grade tumors, and, in some cases, a higher rate of node positivity.[27,28] A histologic study of basal-like tumors, of which all were ER/HER2–negative, illustrated marked increases in mitotic count, geographic necrosis, pushing borders of invasion, and stromal lymphocytic response. The majority of triple-negative breast carcinomas are ductal in origin; however, several other aggressive phenotypes appear to be overrepresented, including metaplastic, atypical or typical medullary, and adenoid cystic.[8,27,30]
In parallel with our understanding of the molecular basis of triple-negative breast cancer, our awareness of the epidemiology and risk factors associated with this disease process has matured, specifically related to age and race. Among approximately 500 women evaluated in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, those with basal-like tumors (defined as ER-negative, PR-negative, HER2-negative, CK 5/6-positive, and/or HER1-positive) were more likely to be African-American (prevalence of 26% vs 16% in non–African-Americans) and premenopausal (24% vs 15% postmenopausal). These investigators observed a particularly high prevalence of basal-like tumors among premenopausal, African-American women compared to postmenopausal African-American women and non–African-American women of any age (39% vs 14% and 16%, respectively; P < .001). These findings are consistent with several large-scale, population-based studies indicating that triple-negative breast cancers are more likely to occur among premenopausal women of African-American descent.[31,32]
Several epidemiologic studies have provided insight into risk factors associated with triple-negative breast cancers. Further examination of approximately 1,400 breast cancer cases in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study illustrated that compared to luminal A tumors (ER-positive and/or PR-positive and HER2-negative), basal-like breast tumors were more likely to arise among women with a younger age at menarche, higher parity, younger age at full-term pregnancy, shorter duration of breast-feeding, and higher body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), especially among premenopausal patients. Additionally, those who used methods to suppress lactation were also at higher risk for basal-like breast cancers compared to luminal A breast cancers. Although not definitive, these findings suggest that among younger African-American women, close to two-thirds of aggressive, basal-like breast cancers might be prevented by promoting breast-feeding and decreasing abdominal obesity.
Similarly, the Polish Breast Cancer Study demonstrated a stronger reduction in risk associated with increasing age at menarche for basal-like tumors compared to luminal A–type breast cancer. Among premenopausal women, increasing BMI was associated with a reduced risk of luminal but not basal-like breast cancers. These findings illustrate that breast cancer risk factors vary by molecular subtype (ie, luminal A, basal-like, etc), supporting subtype-specific approaches when examining risk factors and prevention. | <urn:uuid:9c87d3a2-d83a-4ef8-8760-657c7fbfd06f> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.cancernetwork.com/triple-negative-breast-cancer/content/article/10165/1340727?_EXT_4_comsort=of | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698207393/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095647-00017-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922122 | 2,104 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Welcome to NEBO,
The Examination is only available in English
" translators and/or dictionaries are not allowed"
The Certification Examination for Ocularists will be Tuesday afternoon, 1 pm to 5 pm, November 19, 2013, administered and processed by CASTLE Worldwide, Inc. of Raleigh, NC and offered at the J.W. Marriott, New Orleans, 614 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA. 70130, Tel. 504-525-6500, Fax 504-586-1543, in the "JW Marr St. Jerome" room. This is the afternoon on the last day of the ASO (American Society of Ocularists) meeting. Please confirm the exam room when you arrive.
Applications and Information for the 2013 examination is available.
Application Deadline, Tuesday, August 20, 2013
The 2012 CHICAGO NEBO Certification Examination for Ocularists results will not be available until approximately March 31, 2013.
What is a B.C.O.
BOARD CERTIFIED OCULARIST (B.C.O.)
The National Examining Board of Ocularists has achieved the distinction of ‘accreditation’ by the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA) and a member of The Institute for Credentialing Excellence (ICE), formerly the National Organization for Competency Assurance (NOCA). Accreditation by the Commission is reserved for only those organizations that meet the most rigid standards of excellence in test development and administration in certification.
The National Examining Board of Ocularists (NEBO) was chartered in November 1980. NEBO currently operates as an independent agency whose primary function is the assessment of competence of ocularists or the professionals who fit and fabricate ocular prostheses (artificial eyes). Candidates, who wish to be awarded the credential B.C.O., must first successfully pass a two-part examination. The NEBO board of directors is comprised of ocularists, members of related professions including ophthalmology, and a member of the public community.
The National Examining Board of Ocularists (NEBO) is chartered to develop, maintain, and administer a certification examination as a means of attesting to the competency of the ocularist. In addition, NEBO issues renewable and dated certificates, and maintains a registry or list of those who are currently certified.
What is an Ocularist?
An ocularist is a carefully trained professional skilled in the science and art of fitting, fabricating and painting ophthalmic prostheses (artificial eyes). In addition to creating it, the ocularist shows the patient how to handle and care for the prosthesis, and provides long-term care through periodic examinations and replacements.
The Title B.C.O.
Those ocularists that have achieved and maintained certification are designated as Board Certified Ocularists, B.C.O. It is the intent of NEBO to provide a national standard that can be used as a measure of competence by interested agencies, groups and individuals.
When deciding who is qualified to serve the patients’ needs, the B.C.O. indicates experience, training, competence and generally many years of experience helping patients or constituents.
The certification examination was designed by studying the work that ocularists do and the knowledge they rely on to perform their work competently. A nationally representative committee of highly qualified certified ocularists carried out such a study to define precise content areas that are important, critical and relevant to the profession. The results of this Role Delineation study are included in a set of specifications for the test. The exam consists of the following two parts:
The written section of the Certification Examination consists of l50 multiple choice questions.
This part of the examination requires that the examinee demonstrate his/her ability to fabricate
the two most commonly encountered types of prostheses:
a: the conventional prosthesis
b: the scleral shell prosthesis
Registration All Board Certified Ocularists, (B.C.O.) must register three years after the date of certification and/or recertification. 50 continuing education credits must be earned four (4) years prior to registration.
Recertification The Board Certified Ocularist, (B.C.O.) must recertify every six years. The recertification process may take one of the two following forms:
Process I accumulate 100 NEBO approved CE credits including 80 category A or B and 20 category A, B and/or C credits (Credits must be earned during a period of seven (7) years prior to July in the year of Recertification). Example: If your Certificate expires June, 2013, you must Recertify in the Fall, 2012. Credits are valid from July, 2005 - July, 2012.
Process II accumulate 300 NEBO approved CE credits including 240 category A or B and 60 category A, B and/or C credits. (Credits must be earned during a period of seven (7) years prior to July in the year of Recertification). Example: If your Certificate expires June, 2013, you must Recertify in the Fall, 2012 Credits are valid from July, 2005-July, 2012.
The National Examining Board of Ocularists shall not discriminate against applicants on the basis of age, sex, color, religion, or national origin, and shall include a statement of this non-discrimination policy on the application and other publications. The responsibility for professional integrity and excellence remains with the ocularist.
Send mail to
questions or comments about this web site. | <urn:uuid:d808b311-38a4-4c13-8e7b-acda5f25b809> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.neboboard.org/nebobco.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368708766848/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125246-00030-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93057 | 1,164 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Cyrus Morton Account Book, 1828-18381 vol. (0.25 linear feet).
The physician Cyrus Morton, (1797-1873) came from a notable medical family from Plymouth County, Mass. His father Nathaniel and son Thomas were both physicians, and his sister-in-law, Julia A.W. (Drew) Winslow was one of the first female medical doctors in the Commonwealth. Morton’s second wife, Lydia Hall (Drew) Morton, was one of the first teachers at the Perkins School for the Blind, and a member of the first graduating class of the Lexington Normal School. Morton died in Halifax on May 18, 1873.
Morton’s account book contains records of frequent visits to his patients, dispensing medicine, his fees and receipts for payment (often received in kind as pigs, fish, beef, hay, wood, the use of a horse, spinning done by widows or wives, digging a well, carpentry, etc.), and a copy of a prayer in Morton’s hand. Among Morton’s patients were Timothy Wood, Stafford Sturtevant, Jacob Thompson, Capts. Knapp and Cushman, and Cyrus Munroe.
- Halifax (Mass.)--Social life and customs--19th centur
- Physicians--Massachusetts--Halifax--19th century
- Morton, Cyrus, 1797-1873
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We created Pandora to put the Music Genome Project directly in your hands
It’s a new kind of radio –
stations that play only music you like
Gram Parsons was born Cecil Ingram Connor on November 5, 1946. He was the grandson of John Snivley, who owned roughly one-third of all the citrus fields in Florida, and the son of Coon Dog Connor, an Air Force veteran who owned a box-making factory in Waycross, Georgia. As a child, Parsons learned how to play the piano at the age of nine, the same year he saw Elvis Presley perform at his school; following the seminal performance, Parsons decided to become a musician. When he was 12, Parsons' father committed suicide, and the family moved in with Parsons' grandparents in Winter Haven, FL. A year after the move, his mother married Robert Parsons; Gram was then adopted by his stepfather, and the child legally changed his name to Gram Parsons.
At the age of 14, Parsons began playing in the local rock & roll band the Pacers, which evolved into the Legends. During its time together, the Legends featured Jim Stafford and Kent Lavoie, who would later come to fame under the name Lobo. In 1963, Parsons formed a folk group called the Shilos who performed throughout Florida and cut several demos. He graduated from high school two years later; on the same day he graduated, however, his mother died of alcohol poisoning.
Following his graduation, Gram Parsons enrolled at Harvard to study theology. He only spent one semester at Harvard, during which time he devoted more energy to playing music than attending classes. Meanwhile, he also formed the International Submarine Band with guitarist John Nuese, bassist Ian Dunlop and drummer Mickey Gauvin. After he dropped out of college, Parsons moved to New York City with the International Submarine Band in 1966. The group spent a year in New York, developing a heavily country-influenced rock & roll sound and cutting two unsuccessful singles for Columbia Records. The band then relocated to Los Angeles in 1967, where they secured a record contract with Lee Hazlewood's LHI record label. Their debut album, Safe at Home, was released in early 1968, but by the time it appeared in stores, the International Submarine Band had already disbanded.
Around the time the International Submarine Band dissolved, Parsons met Chris Hillman, the bassist for the Byrds. At that time, the Byrds were rebuilding their lineup and Hillman recommended to the band's leader, Roger McGuinn, that Parsons join the ranks. By the spring of 1968, Parsons had become a member of the Byrds and was largely responsible for the group's shift towards country music with the album Sweetheart of the Rodeo. The album was originally planned to feature Parsons' lead vocals, but as he was still contractually obligated to LHI, his voice had to be stripped from the final product.
Gram Parsons only spent a few months with the Byrds, leaving the band in the fall of 1968 because he refused to accompany them on a tour of South Africa, allegedly because he opposed apartheid. Chris Hillman left the band shortly after him, and the duo formed the Flying Burrito Brothers in late 1968. Parsons and Hillman enlisted pedal steel guitarist "Sneaky" Pete Kleinow and bassist Chris Ethridge to complete the band's lineup, and the group and recorded a debut album with a series of session drummers. The Gilded Palace of Sin, the Flying Burrito Brothers' debut album, was released in 1969. Although the album only sold a few thousand copies, the group gathered a dedicated cult following that was mainly composed of musicians, including the Rolling Stones. In fact, by the time the album was released, Parsons had begun hanging around the Rolling Stones frequently, becoming close friends with Keith Richards. Parsons had experimented with drugs and alcohol before he met Richards, but in 1969 he dove deep into substance abuse, which he supported with his sizable trust fund.
Parsons recorded a second album with the Flying Burrito Brothers, but by the time the record -- titled Burrito Deluxe -- appeared in the spring of 1970, he had already left the band. Shortly after his departure, he recorded a handful of songs with producer Terry Melcher but failed to complete the album. Following those sessions, Parsons entered a holding pattern in which he acted the role of a rock star instead of actually playing music. He spent much of his time either hanging out with the Stones or ingesting large amounts of drugs and alcohol; frequently, he did a combination of the two. In 1971, Parsons toured with the Rolling Stones in England and attended the recording of the band's Exile on Main Street, and it appeared that he would sign with the band's record label. Instead, he headed back to Los Angeles late in 1971, spending the rest of the year and the first half of 1972 writing material for an impending solo album. He met Emmylou Harris through Chris Hillman, and Parsons asked her to join his backing band; she accepted.
By the summer of 1972, he was prepared to enter the studio to record his first solo album. Parsons had assembled a band -- which included Harris, guitarist James Burton, bassist Rick Grech, Barry Tashian, Glen D. Hardin, and Ronnie Tutt -- and had asked Merle Haggard to produce the album. After meeting Parsons, however, Haggard turned the offer down, and Parsons chose Haggard's engineer, Hugh Davis, as the album's producer instead. The resulting album, G.P., was released late in 1972 to good reviews but poor sales.
Following the release of G.P., Parsons embarked on a small tour with his backing band, the Fallen Angels. After the tour was completed, they entered the studio to record his second album, Grievous Angel. The album was finished toward the end of the summer, and Parsons celebrated its completion by taking a vacation near the Joshua Tree National Monument in California. He spent most of his time there consuming drugs and alcohol. On September 19, 1973, he overdosed on morphine and tequila; although rushed to the Yucca Valley Hospital, he was pronounced dead on arrival. According to the funeral plans, his body was to be flown back to New Orleans for a burial. However, Parsons' road manager stole the body after the funeral and carried it back out to the Joshua Tree desert, where he cremated the body using gasoline. Phil Kaufman later revealed that the cremation had been Parsons' wish, and although he could not be convicted for stealing the body, he was arrested for stealing and burning the coffin.
In the two decades following Gram Parsons' death, his legacy continued to grow, as both country and rock musicians built on the music he left behind. Musicians such as Emmylou Harris and Elvis Costello covered his songs, and his influence could still be heard well into the next millennium. ~ Stephen Thomas Erlewine, Rovi | <urn:uuid:361dd41a-6677-4d5e-b544-9d2c2f2f4ae7> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.pandora.com/gram-parsons | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700958435/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516104238-00045-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977633 | 1,434 | 2.046875 | 2 |
how come noone posted this here before?
or am i just too blind to find any links?
i found discussions about female sperm on several places already, and think it's an important topic
to make it short: british scientists say it might be possible to create sperm from the human bone marrow, and therfore eliminate the need for men in the reproduction process. lesbians who choose to have sperm taken from their own body would presumably have to expect a daughter, because of the lack of Y chromosomes in their body. which is needed to create a boy.
theoretically it is also possible to create eggs from the male bone marrow, but... men have no uterus, and they would be still dependant on a surrogate mother.
i heard there are already more women than men on this world, so if lesbians would go for an artificial fertilisation, and therfore consequently give birth to girls again. men would become more and more outnumbered.. and someday even extinct.
what's your opinion on this? | <urn:uuid:1335c64e-ef8d-4198-85c0-d4ca98866c0c> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.veganforum.com/forums/showthread.php?22988-will-men-become-extinct-eventually&p=662946&viewfull=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368707435344/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516123035-00024-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964467 | 207 | 2.03125 | 2 |
As I read this morning’s gospel with its easy moral, “strive first for the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things [food, drink, clothing] will be given to you as well” I began to imagine how very differently it must be heard in places around the world who have so very much less than we do.
Earlier this week, UN Deputy Secretary-General Asha-Rose Migiro spoke to the Economic and Social Council special session on the global food crisis. Due to the increase in the price of rice and wheat over the past 12 months – an increase of 74 per cent for rice and 130 per cent for wheat – another 100 million people will be driven into deep poverty bringing the total number of persons facing acute food shortages to more than 930 million.
Eight years ago, at the 2000 UN Millennium Summit, 189 heads of states (including the United States) committed themselves to a set of eight time-bound targets – the Millennium Development Goals - that, when achieved, would end extreme poverty worldwide by 2015. In 2008, we are just beyond the half way point to 2015 and all progress made to date on eradicating extreme poverty and hunger – the first of the eight Millennium Development Goals – all progress, according to Secretary-General Migiro, will be “virtually wiped out” because of this food crisis.
I wonder how 930 million hungry people might hear Jesus’ words today? Do not worry about food or thirst or clothing but strive instead “for the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things will be given to you as well.” How do the guests of the food program in Wildwood hear those words today? And in light of these 930 million hungry people how are we to hear Jesus’ words anew?
Episcopalians for Global Reconciliation’s Executive Director, Mike Kinman, reflected on this question in his newsletter column this week. Father Kinman’s words struck a chord with me and I’d like to share them this morning. He writes
“'Do not worry about your life, what you will eat or what you will drink.’ Well, thanks a lot, Jesus! Easy for you to say. In fact, easy for me to say! Even in the worst case scenario I can imagine for my life, the truth is I am never going to starve. Because even if I lost everything, I have family and friends with means and privilege who would never let that happen to me or my family.
But I am a person of privilege. What about the 854 million people who suffer from hunger every day. Where is the Good News for them? Aren’t these words of Christ’s just a slap in the face? And then it hit me: The answer to that is up to us.
There are times when the words of Christ are for our ears, and there are times when the words of Christ are for our lips. And there are times like this, where they are for both.
‘Do not worry about your life, what you will eat or what you will drink.’ These words convict and liberate me at the same time. They convict me in the life I lead surrounding myself with much more than I need to survive. They convict me of my life of wasting energy and resources worrying about tomorrow. They convict me of not trusting the abundance with which God has surrounded me.
At the same time, Christ’s words liberate me. They free me to recognize that I don’t need to lead a fearful life. That I don’t need to spend my time, energy and resources building up security for myself. That I can live a life of joyfully letting go of my wealth knowing that if I ‘strive first for God’s kingdom and God’s righteousness, all these things will be given to (me) as well.’
And freed by Christ’s words in my ears, I can go to the world’s hungry with Christ’s words on my lips and say, ‘Do not worry about what you will eat or what you will drink -- because I’ve got your back!’ ‘Do not worry about what you will eat or what you will drink -- because I have enough for both of us.’ ‘Do not worry about what you will eat or what you will drink -- because God has charged me with the joyful privilege of fulfilling that promise in your life.’
This Sunday's Gospel only makes sense if we hold it in one hand and the stories of rampant hunger in the other. It's the difference between feel-good, pop religion and a call to conversion that will open our hearts and heal the world.
Christ's words are difficult to hear, because they do convict us. Christ's words are beautiful to hear, because they will liberate us. But most of all, when we let Christ's words enter through our ears and change our hearts and finally emerge on our lips, they are a song of hope ... for us and for the world.”
“I’ve got your back!” “I have enough for both of us.” “God has charged me with the joyful privilege of fulfilling that promise in your life.” What can one person do? What can one congregation do? The answer to those questions – What can one person do? What can one congregation do? – form the backbone of the ONE Episcopalian Campaign to be active participants in the fulfillment of the Millennium Development Goals.
Many of you took part in our Lenten series that looked at the complex issues of poverty in depth. During that series, each session concluded with the question, “What can you do?” and the answers were provided in 4 categories: (1) organize; (2) advocate; (3) pray; and (4) educate. One of the items of feedback we received after the series ended was that folks felt that there were not enough concrete ideas or that it didn’t seem like some of the suggestions – like writing a letter to the editor – would really making an impact on the problems. And perhaps that is one of the areas where we often get stuck. My small action will do so little. . . so, why bother?
Why bother? Just ask Aubrey Clark. She is a six-year old girl in Georgia wanted to help the children she had heard about at St. Marc’s School in Haiti who went to school hungry each day. At first she thought about sending food but quickly realized that the packaged meals might be inedible by the time they arrived in Haiti. So she decided it was better to send money. Aubrey and other children from her church now sell hot cider on the Parish Hall porch on the first Sunday of each month. On the very first Sunday in business, Aubrey’s cider project raised $60 - enough money to feed three children for an entire school year.
Why bother? Just ask Jane, a parishioner at St. John’s Episcopal Church in Honoye Falls, New York. Inspired by a sermon preached by The Rev. Dahn Dean Gandell in which he said, “Nobody has to do everything, but everybody needs to ‘do something’” and that it costs only 37 cents a day to feed a person, Jane went to a local Chinese take-out restaurant and asked if she could purchase carry out containers. She labeled each with a reminder that 37 cents a day can save a life and gave a container to each family at her church asking them to put 37 cents a day into the container and return the container to the church at the end of the summer. The money that was collected was shared with Episcopalians for Global Reconciliation and Joining Hearts and Hands, a group the parish supports in Kenya.
Why bother? Ask Gail and Dory from St. Barnabas who bought 10 hoagies at our sale yesterday and wanted none of them. They wanted us to give them to people who were hungry in our community. Why bother? Ask the volunteers who came to St. Barnabas at 6 a.m. yesterday to make 480 hoagies – including those 10. Why bother? Ask Gail at St. Mary’s who had the idea of distributing them to families living at a Rio Grande motel. And why bother? Ask Anthony, a volunteer at the Furniture Annex, who agreed to deliver the hoagies to tenants at the motel. A handful of people, working together, for just a few minutes, fed 10 people one meal.
Why bother? Because one person, one congregation can perform a relatively small action that will have a dramatic impact on the lives of others. One person, one congregation at a time, we can help the world get back on track with the Millennium Development Goals, ensuring that poverty and hunger are, indeed, eradicated by 2015. As Father Kinman wrote, “There are times when the words of Christ are for our ears, and there are times when the words of Christ are for our lips. And there are times like this, where they are for both.” Let our prayer be that one day soon, all will be able to say that what we eat, what we drink, and what we wear is enough and to know that all has been provided by the grace of our God who works wonders of abundance in the smallest of human actions. What can one person do? What can one congregation do?
“Progress towards Millennium Development Goals at risk of being wiped out, warns Deputy Secretary-General in remarks to special meeting on global food crisis,” ReliefWeb 20 May 2008, accessed online on May 24, 2008.
Mike Kinman, “"Do not worry about your life, what you will eat or what you will drink," What One Can Do -- The EGR Newsletter, May 23, 2008 (received via e-mail).
The curriculum we used for the series was The Episcopal Church Office of Government Relations and The ELCA Washington Office, God’s Mission in the World: An Ecumenical Christian Study Guide on Global Poverty and the Millennium Development Goals (Augsburg Fortress Press, 2007). It is available online from Episcopal Books and Resources.
“Haitian Hope Project,” St. Francis Episcopal Church in Macon, Georgia accessed online on May 24, 2008 and John Mark Parker, “Aubrey Cells Cider,” Episcopalians for Global Reconciliation, November 14, 2007 accessed online on May 24, 2008.
Dahn Dean Gandel, “What One Person Can Do,” Episcopalians for Global Reconciliation, August 24, 2007 accessed online on May 24, 2008. | <urn:uuid:874b9ae4-6b0e-4b24-912d-5707dd077416> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://turtledeb.blogspot.com/2008_05_01_archive.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699273641/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516101433-00050-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961588 | 2,239 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Israel on Wednesday will celebrate 40 years with a unified Jerusalem as its capital, despite the fact that most of the world refuses to recognize Jewish sovereignty over the entire holy city.
A mere seven foreign ambassadors will attend the official state ceremony marking Jerusalem Day. Most conspicuous among those boycotting the event will be the representatives from Europe and the US.
But as Israel joyously remembers the 1967 liberation of eastern Jerusalem from Jordanian occupation, many officials fear that dangerous demographic trends could effectively wrest control of half the city from the Jewish state and put it in Palestinian hands.
According to numbers released by Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics this week, just under 11,000 Israelis moved to Jerusalem in 2006, while 17,000 left the city - a net loss of some 6,000.
Meanwhile, the Arab Muslim population of the city is expanding, and is expected to gain parity with the current Jewish majority by 2035, barring any changes to today's growth rates.
In an effort to prevent such a scenario, Member of Knesset Yisrael Katz of the opposition Likud Party on Monday submitted a bill proposing to merge Jerusalem with its largest Jewish suburbs.
If implemented, Jerusalem would join Ma'aleh Adumim, Givat Ze'ev, Betar Illit and Mevasseret Zion in a special "Jerusalem Regional Council." Residents of the suburbs would vote for mayor of Jerusalem, while also maintaining their own municipal councils.
Katz said the move would significantly boost Jerusalem's Jewish majority and remove the threat of a "demographic revolution" any time in the near future.
As the bill is unlikely to be popular in the suburbs, some of which have for decades resisted being absorbed by Jerusalem, Israel's government is looking for other solutions to the demographic problem that can be implemented immediately.
Among the measures proposed by the cabinet on Sunday were a canceling of the employer's tax in Jerusalem, the transfer of more government offices to the capital, construction of a new court complex, and the establishment of an institute for Jerusalem studies.
While the ideas look good on paper, analysts say Jerusalem's problems will only be solved once young Israelis can find in the capital the same kind of attractive job opportunities and affordable housing that are available in the rest of the country. | <urn:uuid:5e512c02-b5b3-45f1-bbe4-82180c23e5e9> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.israeltoday.co.il/NewsItem/tabid/178/nid/12733/Default.aspx?archive=article_title | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697974692/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095254-00029-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94133 | 462 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Garden Project - Bench Construction
A Math Problem
We are going to build two benches for our garden. Look at the drawings below, which drawwing diagrams the construction of the benches? Working in teams, figure out the amount of wood and cost for making two benches. Ideally you want to use the least amount of wood for bench constructions., as it will save cost.
Who can figure out this problem first? Who can make it the cheapest?
Do you have any suggestions on improving the design? Let's discuss them.
Wood price list (each piece of wood comes 8 feet long)
4 x 4 @ $6.34 legs of benches (four legs)
2 x 4 @ $3.27 sides of seat and middle supports
1 x 4 @ $2.76 tops of the seat | <urn:uuid:9ea8d0c2-114f-4f0a-9cab-22fa5c7c0397> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://bostonteachnet.org/hramiec/button3.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709037764/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125717-00027-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92191 | 167 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Chris Harrison, a PhD student in Human-Computer Interaction at Carnegie Mellon University, is full of interesting interface ideas. One of his latest projects is called OmniTouch, whose prototype design uses a shoulder-worn, depth-sensing camera/projector to create interactive "touchscreens" on anything from a nearby wall to your own forearm.
The technology is amazing: OmniTouch’s screenless interface can distinguish between a touch and a "click" (i.e., a command to do something), auto-detect the size of the interface surface (e.g., it will project a short strip onto your arm, but a large rectangle onto the wall), and even recognize the orientation of the image in 3-D space (if you tilt your screen-hand toward yourself, it will consider it "private"; a more flat orientation will be deemed "public"). But oh, that rig--are normal people really going to be walking around someday with shoulder mounted screen-guns like the Predator?
Obviously, OmniTouch is a proof-of-concept and Harrison realizes that the physical setup has to be miniaturized and refined to viably offer "Wearable Multitouch Interaction Everywhere." And the idea of turning any tactile surface into a personal computing device is exciting. But if mainstream computer-interface design is naturally tending toward the transparent and invisible--so intuitive that it quite literally disappears--schemes like OmniTouch still seem complicated and fussy. Any surface you want to "screen-ize" has to be oriented correctly toward a lens with a single perspective, the surface itself has to have appropriate attributes for receiving the projected image, and the image itself has to be clearly visible over a very wide range of lighting conditions. And what happens to the whole idea of public space when every douchebag on the street is splashing their email and Facebook clients onto the nearest wall or Starbucks counter? (You thought unwanted cellphone chatter was bad--what if you caught some perv on the subway reading their morning headlines off the back of your rump?)
Maybe advances in microlensing technology and computational photography will allow entire flexible surfaces to function as cheap, disposable camera/projectors, so worrying about whether your OmniTouch-like device is "pointed" correctly will be moot. But that’s a long way off, and this kind of sci-fi-ized interaction seems more suited to specialty applications (warfighting? EMTs?) than mainstream adoption. That said, Harrison and his cohorts are the ones who will be building the future of human-computer interaction, not armchair observers like me--so whatever he’s working on is worth taking seriously. | <urn:uuid:41d88066-0dd2-4994-bd81-279f35d6cf55> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.fastcodesign.com/1665225/a-wearable-computer-that-turns-any-surface-into-a-touchscreen | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699881956/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516102441-00074-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930218 | 545 | 1.90625 | 2 |
NOAA Grants Arizona, New Mexico $3.5 M to Prepare for Climate Change
Climate change may bring more drought in some parts of the world, according to a report linking extreme weather to climate change.
This article was provided by AccuWeather.com.
NOAA has granted Arizona and New Mexico $3.5 million over the next five years to help prepare for and adapt to climate variability and change.
The grants, called Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (RISA) funds, will be used to allow departments of health and environment to conduct research, and to help drought agencies incorporate climate information into their planning and implementation.
"The southwest United States has the fastest growing population in the nation, yet cities and tribal lands in Arizona and New Mexico are severely affected by drought," Richard Rosen, acting director of NOAA's Climate Program Office said.
"These projects will help people understand and make decisions to minimize the risks associated with changing water resources and other challenges posed by a changing climate."
Additionally, NOAA awarded seven smaller grants for one- and two-year projects. The awards, which totaled $600,000, are to encourage collaboration with federal and non-federal partners on climate adaptation, NOAA said.
According to NOAA, recipients are as follows:
Mark Shafer, University of Oklahoma, Southern Climate Impacts Planning Program, water reservoir data visualization tools: $44,000
Denise Lach, Oregon State University, Climate Impacts Research Consortium, building organizational capacity to adapt to climate change on public lands in the Pacific Northwest: $118,943
Victoria Keener, East West Center - Pacific RISA, mapping the flow of climate and water information in the Pacific Islands: $87,395
Wendy Graham, University of Florida, Southeast Climate Consortium, use of seasonal climate forecasts to minimize short-term operational risks for water supply and ecosystem restoration: $73,737
Michael Crimmins, University of Arizona, CLIMAS, climate and weather services for disaster management: $82,630
Casey Brown, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Consortium for Climate Risk in the Urban Northwest, water management knowledge network for the northeastern U.S.: $99,582
William Travis, University of Colorado, Western Water Assessment, building climate science into land and water conservation planning/decision making in the southwest: $99,543
MORE FROM LiveScience.com | <urn:uuid:0b61a969-75f6-4003-ad71-6425d2dbc3f0> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.livescience.com/26510-noaa-grants-arizona-new-mexico-3-5-m-to-prepare-for-climate-change.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+Livesciencecom+%28LiveScience.com+Science+Headline+Feed%29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700264179/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516103104-00028-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919037 | 494 | 2.578125 | 3 |
A big part of Kevin M. Roy’s job is to make sure data doesn’t grow legs. He’s read far too many horror stories about the ramifications of not locking down removable media. So his mission is to make sure files can’t walk out the door very easily.
USB drives make his job much tougher. The drives make it extremely easy to copy large amounts of sensitive data, to quickly infect a network with a virus or for data to fall into the wrong hands.
Most IT managers echo Roy’s concern, but because his company, Ophir Optics in North Andover, Mass., does proprietary subcontract work for the military, the stakes are higher than most. Ophir, which creates infrared lenses, such as night-vision-enhancement systems, joined the ever-growing list of businesses that place tight controls on their gateway security.
“It’s not something you can go without these days,” says Roy, who implemented the Lumension Endpoint Management and Security Suite three years ago. “The threat environment out there is pretty bad, and it’s getting worse weekly, if not daily.”
His advice to those thinking about USB security: “You’ve just got to dive in.”
When Ophir first implemented the system, the company went overboard and locked everything down, Roy says. If a USB device is plugged into a computer at Ophir, the machine can’t access the network, and only certain applications can run on the computer. The data on the USB device can also be encrypted so it can’t be accessed if the device is lost or stolen.
Naturally, there was some resistance from users at first, but the full-lockdown strategy proved to be a good way to start out, says Roy. Rather than securing the network piece by piece, Roy and his team blocked all removable media, then approved specific USB devices for the engineers who needed to use them.
Mammoth Hospital, based in Mammoth Lakes, Calif., took the opposite approach. The hospital left the network open but told employees that the hospital’s policy (based on the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) did not allow them to copy patient data onto portable devices.
SOURCE: Ponemon Institute
The IT team explained to employees that it had implemented DeviceLock data loss prevention software to monitor the network and ensure that employees comply with the policy. If a problem arises, IT can talk to the person involved, says Paul Fottler, the company’s systems administrator.
Fottler says education is a big part of USB security. Flash drives make life much easier for busy employees who need to quickly and easily transfer files so they can finish up a project at home or bring reports with them while traveling.
“We’ve explained that it’s just a matter of taking necessary precautions to keep an entire network secure,” says Eric Boulanger, network administrator at Lantic, a sugar refinery based in Montreal. “However, some employees are still resistant to USB port security.”
Roy acknowledges that the one problem he faced during the rollout at Ophir Optics could have been avoided fairly easily. He and his team told users about the system and explained how it worked; but in hindsight, a more formal rollout with greater detail about the system and how it would affect users would have gone a long way toward building acceptance. “People had heard we were doing this, and then they came in one day and it was locked down,” Roy says.
Top three security breaches specifically related to a USB device:
SOURCE: CDW poll of 456 BizTech readers
Of course, any security application has some pushback from users, he adds, but people understand the threat and the need. “And we try to do it in a way that won’t hinder their workflow at all,” he explains.
Roy, who recently rolled out the new 4.4 Lumension system, initially imagined USB security to be a daunting, complicated process. But, he says, it’s centrally managed and has an easy, intuitive interface. As with most USB security tools, it integrates with Active Directory, so you can use groups that are already set up, or you can create new groups. Plus, Roy adds, it doesn’t leave a large footprint on the workstations, so there’s no real performance effect.
“Had we known what we know now, we would have done it sooner,” he says. These days, he adds, companies don’t have time to spare. “You can’t afford to wait.”
Boulanger agrees. “Do it, and do it fast,” he says.
If your management team is on the fence about the need for gateway security, he recommends leaving a USB key on a table in a cafeteria or other nonwork area. “I’d bet that someone will take it and plug it into a USB port to determine what is on it,” he says. “This test is a quick way to show how easy it is for any employee to plug any USB device into a PC, potentially exposing the entire network to viruses.” | <urn:uuid:e0ab098e-009e-48fd-89a8-d7d42d9ea6ea> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.biztechmagazine.com/print/4711 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699881956/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516102441-00032-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959213 | 1,111 | 2.015625 | 2 |
The growth of the bio-fuel industry has been badly hurt through regulations. Promising bio-fuel for vehicles derived from trees and grasses (cellulosic biofuels) is now faced, with regulations that are tarnishing the research. The new GMO regulations have put an end to the advanced gene modification.
In a recent study issued in the Journal of Bioscience, it has been argued that there is a need for regulatory reforms to permit the cellulosic bio-energy to advance. It is a promising source of renewable energy, which can hold a strong solution to reduce CO2 emission and global warming.
Steve Strauss, a distinguished professor of forest biotechnology at Oregon State University, as well as a lead author of the paper says that it is amazing to see such severe regulations. Gene modification technology is almost totally banned through conventions. This is tarnishing the promising benefits of gene modification.
The authors of the report claimed that exotic plant species could equally cause tremendously bad effects on our ecosystem, as their risk of proliferation is immense. However, they aren’t really faced with any severe regulations. It is awkward, as genetically engineered crops are specifically developed to solve problems.
It is weird that genetically modified plants which have only some minor modification to its gene, are considered more perilous than invasive species that constantly develop new genes. These exotic plant species develop higher tolerance and resistance against pests, droughts and heat.
Laws are prohibiting companies with technical expertise to pursue research on gene modification on plants. This is tarnishing the progress of a promising sector, expected to supersede gasoline, petroleum and diesel with bio-fuel.
Simple gene alteration could enhance the growth of plants significantly and therefore, reduce the cost of generating liquid fuels enormously. The crops could be designed so that less water, fertilizers and industrial substances would be needed. This benefit to the environment would be inestimable as less greenhouse gases and lower footprints would be needed to generate large quantities of bio-fuel.
Nonetheless, practically none of these progresses are being achieved.
The current conditions for cellulosic bio-fuels are costly. There are legal, environmental and market risks involved.
Strauss says that the legal barriers have even set a halt to the federally-funded research involving “ecological containment of gene-modified and exotic bio-fuel crops”
Scientists agree that regulations should be established for gene modification projects. However, they argue that it should not be on the process of producing the crops but rather on the end results. So that it would be possible to determine whether the traits developed would be beneficial and safe. It should be viable to accept projects with a high level of benefits and low-level of risk. The worse is that the current regulations are not allowing any of them. There was also a list of other proposals brought forward by the scientists concerned. They discussed the overall system related to laws such as increasing the cost and the time for approval of new plants.
Strauss highlights that it is fundamental to come forward with an intelligent regulatory system offering scope for various fields of research. Currently, gene modification is being jeopardized and categories as inherently dangerous even though science panels have associated the risk of typical breeding as equally harmful.
The regulation in place makes it even impossible to evaluate whether gene modification is safe or not.
A new avenue of thinking needs to emerge into political and scientific leadership to change these regulations. It is necessary and will become a prerequisite in the future to find concrete solutions for gene modification in the growing need of breeding bio-fuel crops. | <urn:uuid:8a0f45d3-327f-4e3d-9706-ce15e3d043fd> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.renewablepowernews.com/archives/1841 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696382584/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092622-00047-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962491 | 723 | 2.9375 | 3 |
A great many people that aren’t part of the full time staff contribute extra time and energy towards making Computer Science great at UMM. While we couldn't hope to thank them all, there are a few individuals that we simply can’t do without.
The programming labs (affectionately termed 'the dungeon') available for computer science students as well as the discipline servers are supervised and maintained by students who work tirelessly to ensure that the computers are always running the latest stable software and that the servers are on-line. Typically there are two dungeon masters.
Teaching Assistants (TAs) and Tutors
Teacher Assistants (TAs) are students that perform a range of tasks including grading, grade reporting, lab preparation, “lab hours”, and developing and testing course software. The work load depends on the class. For example, a TA for a 1000 level course is most likely going to concentrate solely on grading and paperwork help. TAs for 2000 and 3000 level courses may help with grading, lab setup and may be asked to attend labs to answer student questions.TAs for 4000 level courses would usually help with course setup and test out tools and assignments for the class. Every effort is made to attempt to match applicants with courses and instructors that will lead to a successful experience.
Computer Science Tutors help students individually. They are matched with students on a case-by-case basis. Persons who serve as TA’s may also be included on the list of eligible tutors.
If you are interested in becoming a TA or a tutor or in getting help from a TA or a tutor, please contact Elena »
Every year computer science majors are given the opportunity to vote for the student that they would would like to have represent their interests to the rest of the discipline. For every fifty votes (or part there of) cast, a student is elected and given full voting rights to all discipline and division meetings. So if fifty students vote, one student representative is elected, one hundred votes gets two representatives, hence the more votes, the better.
The ACM Club officers are responsible for promoting the discipline to new students as well as organizing special sessions and events that range from from career planning to programming contests. | <urn:uuid:dae6fe3f-9acf-4993-9e99-6ea98e3fa9e3> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.morris.umn.edu/academics/computerscience/leadership/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705195219/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115315-00018-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959271 | 458 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Rotor, blades topple from ND wind towerBISMARCK (AP) — The turbine box and three huge blades from a wind tower in north-central North Dakota crashed to the ground.
BISMARCK (AP) — The turbine box and three huge blades from a wind tower in north-central North Dakota crashed to the ground.
The tower is part of a 149-megawatt wind farm owned by Iberdrola Renewables. It includes 71 steel towers.
Iberdrola spokeswoman Jan Johnson said Friday the company and turbine manufacturer Suzlon Wind Energy Corp. are checking the other towers because of the accident.
Suzlon is a unit of Suzlon Energy Ltd. of India.
Johnson says the affected tower was about nine miles north of Rugby. She says the weather was snowy and foggy but the wind was light when the accident happened.
The rotor and blades were attached to a large box called a nacelle (nah-CELL’). It fell off the tower.
The incident happened at about noon Monday. No one was hurt. | <urn:uuid:d7e47445-44d1-4655-a491-84abf9aba2a2> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.thedickinsonpress.com/event/article/id/46093/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704713110/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516114513-00053-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964282 | 225 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Back about 200 years ago Alois Senefelder invented lithography as a way to print on paper. So what does that have to do with making computer chips? He used some oily stuff to protect areas where he did not want the ink to stick. The oily stuff resists the ink. Computer chips are made using photolithography. That is like lithography except instead of sharp point to draw, you use light.
The first thing that we need is a substrate, the stuff that we want to draw on. It is covered with a chemical called a photoresist. Photoresist, something that resists light. A lot of chemicals can act like photoresists, many of them are polymers. They change when exposed to light and usually they cross link and don’t get washed away during the development (look below). Next we need something called a mask, which is like a stencil that has the pattern that we want to draw on the substrate. If we shine light through the mask, the light only goes through parts of the mask that are clear and shine on the substrate. So the pattern on the mask is transferred to the substrate. Think about making shadows with your hand. To make a computer chip we need to draw a very thin line. The key is to ‘draw’ with very fine resolution.
Resolution is a measurement that tell us how close we can put two things together and still tell that they are not one thing. Alois used a very sharp point to draw his lithographs. Today’s computers have things in them called transistors that are so tiny about a thousand of them can fit across the tip of Alois’ pen. Once we are done shining the light through the mask on to the photoresist we need to develop it. That involves some other chemicals that wash away the photoresist usually where we did not shine the light. What is left is our pattern... | <urn:uuid:34f27794-9248-47a9-b1f8-e1e698a596e2> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.nanooze.org/english/articles/article10_photolithography.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368702810651/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516111330-00056-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974922 | 393 | 3.921875 | 4 |
NOT 2 BE MISSED
Women can spot a cheater, study says
National News from AP
World News from AP
HONG KONG — Women can tell with some accuracy whether an unfamiliar male is faithful simply by looking at his face, but men seem to lack the same ability when checking out women, according to an Australian study published yesterday.
In a paper that appeared in the journal Biology Letters, the researchers found that women tended to make that judgment based on how masculine-looking the man was.
“Women’s ratings of unfaithfulness showed small-moderate, significant correlations with measures of actual infidelity,” wrote the team, led by Gillian Rhodes at the ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders at the University of Western Australia in Perth.
“More masculine-looking men (were) rated as more probable to be unfaithful and having a sexual history of being more unfaithful.”
Attractiveness was not a factor in the women making the link.
In the study, 34 men and 34 women were shown color photographs of 189 Caucasian adult faces and asked to rate them for faithfulness.
The researchers compared their answers to the self-reported sexual histories of the 189 individuals and found that the women participants were better able to tell who was faithful and who was not.
“We provide the first evidence that faithfulness judgements, based solely on facial appearance, have a kernel of truth,” they wrote in the paper.
Men, on the other hand, seemed to have no clue. They tended to perceive attractive, feminine women to be unfaithful, when there was no evidence that they were, the scientists noted. | <urn:uuid:4d59fd6a-fd79-443a-a20d-fbe695acd111> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/national_world/2012/12/06/women-can-spot-a-cheater-study-says.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698207393/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095647-00070-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975444 | 349 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Periodically, you should ensure that changes done by others get incorporated in your local working copy. The process of getting changes from the server to your local copy is known as updating. Updating may be done on single files, a set of selected files, or recursively on entire directory hierarchies. To update, select the files and/or directories you want, right click and select → in the explorer context menu. A window will pop up displaying the progress of the update as it runs. Changes done by others will be merged into your files, keeping any changes you may have done to the same files. The repository is not affected by an update.
The progress dialog uses colour coding to highlight different update actions
New item added to your WC.
Redundant item deleted from your WC, or missing item replaced in your WC.
Changes from repository successfully merged with your local changes.
Changes from repository merged with local changes, resulting in conflicts which you need to resolve.
Unchanged item in your WC updated with newer version from the repository.
This is the default colour scheme, but you can customise those colours using the settings dialog. Read the section called “TortoiseSVN Colour Settings” for more information.
If you get any conflicts during an update (this can happen if others changed the same lines in the same file as you did and those changes don't match) then the dialog shows those conflicts in red. You can double click on these lines to start the external merge tool to resolve the conflicts.
When the update is complete, the progress dialog shows a summary of the number of items updated, added, removed, conflicted, etc. below the file list. This summary information can be copied to the clipboard using Ctrl+C.
The standard Update command has no options and just updates your working copy to the HEAD revision of the repository, which is the most common use case. If you want more control over the update process, you should use→ instead. This allows you to update your working copy to a specific revision, not only to the most recent one. Suppose your working copy is at revision 100, but you want it to reflect the state which it had in revision 50 - then simply update to revision 50.
In the same dialog you can also choose the depth
at which to update the current folder. The terms used are described
in the section called “Checkout Depth”. The default depth is
Working copy, which preserves the existing depth setting.
You can also set the depth
sticky which means
subsequent updates will use that new depth, i.e. that depth is then
used as the default depth.
To make it easier to include or exclude specific items from the checkout click thebutton. This opens a new dialog where you can check all items you want in your working copy and uncheck all the items you don't want.
You can also choose whether to ignore any external projects in the update
(i.e. projects referenced using
If you update a file or folder to a specific revision, you should not make changes to those files. You will get “out of date” error messages when you try to commit them! If you want to undo changes to a file and start afresh from an earlier revision, you can rollback to a previous revision from the revision log dialog. Take a look at the section called “Roll back (Undo) revisions in the repository” for further instructions, and alternative methods.
can occasionally be useful to see what your project looked like at some earlier point in its history. But in general, updating individual files to an earlier revision is not a good idea as it leaves your working copy in an inconsistent state. If the file you are updating has changed name, you may even find that the file just disappears from your working copy because no file of that name existed in the earlier revision. You should also note that the item will show a normal green overlay, so it is indistinguishable from files which are up-to-date.
If you simply want a local copy of an old version of a file it is better to use the→ command from the log dialog for that file.
If you select multiple files and folders in the explorer and then select, all of those files/folders are updated one by one. TortoiseSVN makes sure that all files/folders which are from the same repository are updated to the exact same revision! Even if between those updates another commit occurred. | <urn:uuid:0019bbf3-7aec-4863-b3a2-d318f199f316> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://tortoisesvn.net/docs/release/TortoiseSVN_en/tsvn-dug-update.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00043-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.910861 | 926 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Wednesday, September 1, 2010
Time: 8:30 p.m.
Location of Sighting: Interlake Manitoba (Winnipeg Beach Area).
Number of witnesses: 3
Number of Objects: 1
Shape of Objects: Long (cigar shaped).
Full Description of Event/Sighting: On Sunday August 29, 2010 my daughter and I were outside on our deck, when she noticed something in the sky. She pointed it out to me, I then called my husband to see it. The object was climbing into the sky and very large, relative size about a yard.
Actual size maybe a mile long. Object was a white-orange colour. No blinking lights and no exhaust. Object was coming from over the trees, but very far away. We could see it climbing into the sky very clearly because of the size.
We watched object for about 10-15 minutes until we could no longer see it. The object came from the west and went north after it had passed the cloud line. I have not seen anything this close to the earth or this large before. I have noticed other objects in the sky before and they all are heading north, curious isn't it.
If you have seen anything like this in the same area please be kind enough to contact Brian Vike at: firstname.lastname@example.org with the details of your sighting. All personal information is kept confidential.
Sightings.com website: http://www.sightings.com/ | <urn:uuid:603879ad-cab3-4375-b0cb-fbbdff133345> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://canadaufo.blogspot.com/2010/09/mile-long-cigar-shaped-ufo-over.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704713110/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516114513-00005-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969523 | 304 | 1.609375 | 2 |
The Silmarillion comprises five parts:
- The Ainulindalë - The creation of Eä (Tolkien's universe) and Ainur by Eru Ilúvatar and the start of the corruption of Melkor.
- The Valaquenta - A brief description of the Valar and Maiar, the supernatural beings. The Valar Lords were called Manwë, Ulmo, Aulë, Oromë, Mandos, Lórien, and Tulkas in that order. And the Valar Queens were called Varda, Yavanna, Nienna, Estë, Vairë, Vána and Nessa.
- The Quenta Silmarillion - The history of the events before and during the First Age, which forms the bulk of the collection.
- The Akallabêth - The history of the Second Age
- Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age
This five-part work is also known as Translations from the Elvish.These five parts were initially separate works, but it was the elder Tolkien's express wish that they be published together. Additionally, the book incorporates portions of several other documents not part of the original text, such as the story of Maeglin. Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age along with the Akallabêth are wholly seperate and independent from the rest of the Silmarillion.
The Silmarillion, along with other posthumous collections of Tolkien's works, such as Unfinished Tales and The History of Middle-earth series, form a comprehensive, yet incomplete narrative that describes the universe within which The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings take place.
The Silmarillion is a complex work that explores a wide array of themes inspired by many ancient, medieval, and modern sources, including the Finnish Kalevala, the Icelandic sagas, The Bible, Greek mythology, World War I, and Celtic myths. For instance, the name of the supreme being, Ilúvatar (Father of All) is clearly borrowed from Finnish Mythology. The archaic style and gravitas of the Ainulindalë resembles that of the Old Testament. And the island civilization of Númenor is reminiscent of Atlantis — one of the names Tolkien gave that land was Atalantë, though he gave it an Elvish derivation.
Some of the notable chapters in the book include:
Development of the text
The earliest drafts of The Silmarillion stories date back to as early as 1925, when Tolkien wrote a 'Sketch of the Mythology'. However, the concepts for characters and themes were developed for a previous mythology in 1917 when Tolkien, then a British officer stationed in France during World War I was laid up in a military field hospital with trench fever. At the time, he called his collection of nascent stories The Book of Lost Tales. These stories comprised an English mythology intended to explain the origins of English history and culture (as Greek mythology explains the origins of Greek history and culture).
Many years after the war, encouraged by the success of The Hobbit, Tolkien submitted an incomplete but more fully developed version of The Silmarillion to his publisher, but they rejected the work as being obscure and "too Celtic". The publisher, George Allen & Unwin, instead asked Tolkien to write a sequel to The Hobbit, which became his significant novel The Lord of the Rings.
But Tolkien never abandoned The Silmarillion, he regarded it as the most important of his work, seeing in its tales the genesis of Middle-earth and later events as told in The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. He renewed work on The Silmarillion after completing The Lord of the Rings but eventually turned to other texts more closely associated with the events and characters depicted in The Lord of the Rings. Near the end of his life in 1973, Tolkien began to substantially revise the cosmology and its related myths, but he did not progress very far.
After Tolkien's death
For several years after his father's death, Christopher Tolkien compiled a Silmarillion narrative which, at the time, he felt best approximated his father's intentions. As explained in The History of Middle-earth, Christopher drew upon numerous sources for his narrative, relying on post-LoTR works where possible, but ultimately reaching back as far as the 1917 Book of Lost Tales to fill in portions of the narrative which his father had planned to write but never addressed. On some of the later parts of the "Quenta Silmarillion", which were in the roughest state, he worked with Guy Gavriel Kay (later a noted fantasy author himself) to construct a narrative practically from scratch. The final result, which included genealogies, maps, an index, and the first-ever released Elvish word list was published in 1977.
Due to Christopher's extensive explanations of how he compiled the published work, much of The Silmarillion has been debated by the hardcore fans. Christopher's task is generally accepted as very difficult given the state of his father's texts at the time of his death: some critical texts were no longer in the Tolkien family's possession, and Christopher's task compelled him to rush through much of the material. Christopher reveals in later volumes of The History of Middle-earth many divergent ideas which do not agree with the published version. Christopher Tolkien has suggested that, had he taken more time and had access to all the texts, he might have produced a substantially different work. But he was impelled by considerable pressure and demand from his father's readers and publishers to produce something publishable as quickly as possible. However, it is a severe misapprehension to think that Christopher "wrote" The Silmarillion, which, except in its concluding part, is almost entirely in his father's own words.
In addition to the source material and earlier drafts of several portions of The Lord of the Rings, these books greatly expand on the original material published in The Silmarillion, and in many cases diverge from it. Part of the reason for this is that Christopher Tolkien heavily edited the Silmarillion to ready it for publication, in places having to choose between contradictory versions of the text. J.R.R. Tolkien also sketched ideas for radical transformations of the mythology which never reached narrative form. These later books also reveal which parts of The Silmarillion Tolkien developed more than others.
|J. R. R. Tolkien's - The Silmarillion|
|Ainulindalë | Valaquenta | Quenta Silmarillion | Akallabêth | Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age|
| The History of Middle-earth|
(earlier versions of the story of The Silmarillion)
|J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium| | <urn:uuid:07660869-27a1-4e5e-9107-8f202f172331> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/The_Silmarillion?oldid=100205 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697380733/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516094300-00007-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966892 | 1,398 | 3.234375 | 3 |