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by Fred E. Foldvary, Senior EditorThe great evil in economics is not communism, not socialism, not capitalism, not landlords or bosses, not unions, not feudalism or industrialization or automation, not progress or lack of it, and not any scarcity of natural resources. No, the great evil in economics is COERCIVE MONOPOLY.
But what is "monopoly"? "Mono" means single, and people usually think of a monopoly as a single seller. That is what economists call an "absolute" monopoly. But that is only one type of monopoly. The basic meaning of monopoly is that there is no entry into the industry to expand the supply. Therefore the existing firms, whether one or several, are the single source of that product. To enter the industry, one cannot obtain some input resources and expand the output. Instead, one must buy out one of the existing firms. There is an "entry monopoly" in which entry into the industry is impossible unless one transfers a titles from one of the existing firms.
Some monopolies are legal monopolies, it being illegal to enter the industry to compete. For example, the delivery of first class mail in the United States is an absolute monopoly of the United States Postal Service. In other cases, the government requires a permit to operate in the industry, and limits the number of permits. The firms then have monopoly power, since they can limit production and raise the price above what would be the competitive price. In other cases, monopolies are legally protected by copyrights and patents which presumably encourage inventions and creative work.
Landownership is inherently a monopoly, since it is impossible to manufacture or import space, or to create more material natural resources such as oil and minerals. If you want to be a landowner, you must either obtain land from someone who already has title or discover land that nobody has claimed yet. Since the solid surface of the earth is now all discovered and under the jurisdiction of countries, the landowners and governments together now have a monopoly on the usable land on earth. This monopoly is coercively imposed on those who don't have a share of land, unless the natural benefits, manifested as rent, are equally shared.
A "natural monopoly" is defined in economics as an industry where the fixed cost of the capital goods is so high that it is not profitable for a second firm to enter and compete. There is a "natural" reason for this industry being a monopoly, namely that the economies of scale require one, rather than several, firms. Small-scale ownership would be less efficient.
Natural monopolies are typically utilities such as water, electricity, and natural gas. It would be very costly to build a second set of water and sewerage pipes in a city. Water and gas delivery service has a high fixed cost and a low variable cost. Electricity is now being deregulated, so the generators of electric power can now compete. But the infrastructure, the wires that carry the electricity, usually remain a natural monopoly, and the various companies send their electricity through the same grid.
To prevent utilities from exploiting their monopolies with high prices, they are regulated by government. Typically, they are allowed a fixed percentage of profit above cost. But this type of regulation can lead to inefficient high costs, since the monopoly is guaranteed a profit. Economists call this a "lazy monopoly." To get around this problem, some municipalities and government districts own the local utility and provide the service at cost. Another way to handle the natural monopoly is to periodically put the delivery service up for bidding, with the lowest cost firm getting the contract.
Local natural monopolies are less monopolistic when communities themselves compete with one another. In a county or metropolitan area, folks can then "vote with their feet" and choose communities with efficient utility and transportation services. Local governments have a coercive monopoly when they do not allow residents to create new independent communities. Secession from existing large cities is legally very difficult. If residents could secede at will and create new local governments, then natural monopolies would be much less coercive, since there would be much more local geographic competition among communities.
Natural monopolies would also be less coercive if the land rent were shared by the members of the community. The infrastructure of a community, including utilities, streets, transit, parks, and security, all generate land rent. The better the services, the higher the rent. If this rent is collected by the title holders, this is a coercive transfer of wealth from the residents to the landowners. The beneficiaries of coercive natural monopolies are the owners of the monopoly and the owners of the land rent. If the members of the community share the rent, then the benefits of the infrastructure are no longer transferred away from the public.
The ideal way to deal with natural monopolies is therefore a legal structure where people can voluntarily choose their governance by being able to create new community governments whenever they wish. The land rent generated by the local infrastructure is owned and shared by the community members or by contract. The local natural monopoly utilities are either owned by the community governance or contracted for with competitive bidding. With many independent communities rather than one huge coercive metropolitan government, folks can vote with their feet to provide geographic competition.
It is not economically feasible to eliminate territorial and natural monopolies, but it is not necessary for these monopolies to be coercive. Voluntary governance and share rents are the keys to having both efficient and just natural monopolies.
What is your opinion? Share it with The Progress Report:
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Copyright 1999 by Fred E. Foldvary. All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, which includes but is not limited to facsimile transmission, photocopying, recording, rekeying, or using any information storage or retrieval system, without giving full credit to Fred Foldvary and The Progress Report. | <urn:uuid:f8ccea54-3f52-47ff-b974-86f37a0ada86> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://progress.org/archive/fold74.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704392896/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113952-00001-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943995 | 1,218 | 3.171875 | 3 |
The story of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) & the spider's web
A long ago, prophet Muhammad (Peace and blessings be upon him) and his companion Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), were traveling to the city of Al-Madinah. The prophet (Peace and blessings be upon him) had been invited to become the leader of the people in the city of Al-Madinah. The prophet had been invited there due to his wisdom, trustworthiness and faith in Allah. While traveling, the prophet and his companion were told that some men from Mecca were after them to harm them. These man who were looking for the prophet believed in Many Gods and Images and were known as polytheists. They were very upset at the prophet because the prophet taught the people that there was only one God worthy of worship, Allah. The prophet and his companion took shelter in the Cave of Thawr. While inside the cave, a spider had spun a web across the entrance of the cave. At that time the men from Mecca were getting closer and closer to the cave. When they arrived at the cave they only saw the spider's web at the entrance of the cave. They thought that no one could have entered the cave because the spider's web had not been broken. At that time the prophet was standing in prayer while Abu Bakr watched. Abu Bakr then said to the Prophet (Peace and blessings be upon him), "Those are your people searching for you. It's not for myself I am sad, but because I might see something terrible might happen to you". The prophet Replied "Abu Bakr don't be afraid God is with us". The people from Mecca then left without causing harm to the prophet (Peace and blessings be upon him). Allah had protected our prophet and his companion from harm once again. Afterwards our prophet arrived at the city of Al-Madinah where he and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), were welcomed by all the people there. This journey that prophet Muhammad (Peace and blessings be upon him) took is known as the Hijrah.
Prophets Stories, Muslim Kids Radio, Islamic Children Stories, All Posts, islam
TEXT BY www.muslimkidstv.com
VIDEO BY MuslimKidsTv.com | <urn:uuid:f9b016e6-c108-4ef4-8103-5abcab0c8459> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.muslimkidstv.com/?z=the-story-of-prophet-muhammad-pbuh-and-the-spider-web | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703682988/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112802-00018-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983655 | 466 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Look, we know that with Kinect you'll be able to play games by moving around, and there is even a face controlled game coming for the Nintendo DSi, but there is something charming about this hack-job from the clever so-and-sos at Waterloo Labs, who have developed an eye-control system for the greatest 8-bit console of all time - the NES (sorry Sega Master System fans, but you know it's true).
The system works by placing a number of electrodes around the eyes, which measure positive and negative changes due to the retina's larger population of neurons. Or something like that.
Science never was Pocket-lint's strong point - we bunked off most of the time to play Super Mario Bros (with a control pad, sadly). You'll have to pay attention to the lady-scientist in the video if you want the proper explanation.
The system moves Mario left or right depending on eye-movement with a blink, or a look to the skies, to jump.
Pocket-lint may not know its science but it does no a thing or two about Super Mario Bros. And we know that we wouldn't lose two lives on level 1-1, even using just our eyes. And we certainly wouldn't miss the hidden extra life mushroom that the chap runs by at 2.02 in the video.
Basic error that one, and if these chaps would have bunked off of science lessons like us, then they would have known that.
Pocket-lint 1, Science boffins 0. | <urn:uuid:6332cb2e-18c4-4caa-a357-b52e768cc25c> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/105170-video-super-mario-blinker-bros | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368708142388/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516124222-00004-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956347 | 320 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Attached is an activity on choosing the best cell phone plan. Students are required to make a cost chart for each plan, find a mathematical equation for each plan and graph each plan on a coordinate grid. In addition, students will describe which plan is best for their group and then describe which plan is best for other people (depending on how many minutes per month an individual uses).
This activity works best for students arranged in small groups of 2 or 3 students. The answer to what cell phone plan is “best” can vary (depending on minutes). I like that students must justify which plan is best, and I am hoping that not all groups will choose the same plan as the “best.”
I haven’t run this activity yet, but once I do, I will add to this discussion to describe how students did.
Students will be required to display their chart & graph on flip chart paper and present their findings to the class. I feel that students will have multiple solution strategies while explaining their justification of which plan to choose.
Please provide feedback if you try this activity in your class as well. | <urn:uuid:b35ac2f8-9ab6-4b1a-8515-05ccda4a3de2> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://a4a.learnport.org/forum/topics/cell-phone-plan-lesson | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368701852492/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516105732-00066-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939924 | 230 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Chad: Families hit by triple crisis as rains fail, insects destroy crops and workers return from Libya
Up to 3.6 million people are facing food shortages in Chad not only because of the drought across the Sahel but the return of tens of thousands of workers from Libya. The situation has put families' lives in jeopardy leaving many with just three months supply of food and no income to buy more.
The IFRC has launched an emergency appeal for CHF 2.3 million Swiss francs to provide immediate assistance to some of the 127,000 malnourished Chadians and put in place measures to prevent others from slipping into a state of severe emergency. "During each crisis in Chad, food aid is essential to save lives," said Belly Diallo, IFRC representative in Chad. "But it is vitally important today to recognise that these response strategies can only treat the emergency situation. These interventions only shift the problem. The international community, Governments and humanitarian organisations should combine their efforts to support community resilience, sustainable development programmes and risk reduction strategies for food security and nutritional challenges before, during and after the crisis."
While drought is a common occurrence in many parts of northern Chad, many families have previously coped by storing their harvests and relying on remittances from family members working in Libya. The combination of crops being destroyed by insects and the Libyan revolution forcing workers back home has removed both safety nets. According to the IOM almost 86,000 Chadians have recently returned from Libya, feeling insecure about their safety there.
"Despite the efforts of the Government and partners, the situation is worrying in many regions of Chad," said Abacar Youssouf Zaid, Vice President of the Red Cross of Chad. "Like all countries in the Sahel, the vulnerable - children, mothers, pregnant women and even cattle - are being hit hard by the food crisis. The Red Cross of Chad, with support from its partners is present in all areas where malnutrition is severe. We are counting on international solidarity to deal with this crisis."
The IFRC appeal will support the Red Cross of Chad in assisting 123,000 people. Funds raised will be used to provide immediate relief food for vulnerable households, and run health centres for malnourished children. Longer term activities include the distribution of goats to provide milk for families and income following breeding. Small businesses will also be supported to encourage a diversification of livelihoods.
Disclaimer: Opinions expressed in this article are those of the writer(s) and not do necessarily reflect the views of the AfricaFiles' editors and network members. They are included in our material as a reflection of a diversity of views and a variety of issues. Material written specifically for AfricaFiles may be edited for length, clarity or inaccuracies. | <urn:uuid:32e08b27-42e7-42bf-8fa2-2e41f9aa86ae> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.africafiles.org/article.asp?ID=26230&ThisURL=./ecjustice.asp&URLName=Economic%20Justice | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368707435344/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516123035-00066-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959717 | 567 | 2.140625 | 2 |
The Evolutionary Road to Biofuels
By Lynn Yarris
The story is told that in the summer of 1859, Whitwell Elwin, editor of the prestigious British journal, Quarterly Review, was sent an advanced copy of a book by the naturalist Charles Darwin entitled: On the Origin of Species. While intrigued by the idea that organisms evolve over generations through a process of natural selection, Elwin thought the subject matter too arcane to sell many books. His advice to Darwin: “Write about pigeons. Everyone is interested in pigeons!”
Lignocellulose, the most abundant organic substance on Earth, is composed of three major constituents - cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin that combine to protect energy-storing sugars and give the plant cell wall strength and structure.
To the good fortune of us all, Darwin ignored this advice and his book, published in November of that year, has never been out of print. It was Darwin’s contention that life is a fiercely competitive dance-to-the-death in which organisms pass advantageous genetic traits on to future generations to ensure their survival. Through this process, for example, plants have evolved a tough defensive armor, called “lignocellulose,” to protect the valuable solar-energy storing sugars housed within their cell walls from attacks by insects and microbes. That same process, however, has pushed microbes and insects into evolving enzymes that act to break down lignocellulose. This particular evolutionary dance is now playing a critical role in the drive to develop advanced biofuels that can replace gasoline on a gallon-for-gallon basis and can be burned without exacerbating the threat of global warming.
Berkeley Lab is the leader of a partnership called the Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI) whose mission is to achieve the scientific breakthroughs that will make possible commercial-scale production of advanced biofuels that can meet a substantial portion of our nation’s transportation energy needs. Currently, gasoline accounts for about 60-percent of petroleum consumption in the United States and generates about 25-percent of our greenhouse gas emissions. Tapping into the vast reserves of solar energy stored within the sugars in plant cell walls would not only reduce these greenhouse gas emissions, but would also lessen our dependency on petroleum imports. Evolution holds the key to both the challenge and the success of this endeavor.
Lignocellulose, the most abundant organic substance on the planet, is composed of three major constituents - cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose consists of tightly bound sugar chains organized into strong cable-like microfibrils that harbor thousands of glucose molecules. Glucose is a simple sugar that can be readily fermented into biofuel if it can be accessed. Hemicellulose is made from a variety of five- and six-carbon sugars that are difficult to ferment into biofuels. Lignin is a rigid non-carbohydrate polymer that forms a protective coating around cellulose and hemicellulose. It is also a source of chemical by-products that can inhibit the conversion of sugars into biofuels.
“There is enough idle biomass that could be converted into a large fraction of our transportation fuel needs if we can learn to efficiently extract all plant sugars and convert them into liquid fuels,” says Jay Keasling, the CEO of JBEI and a chemical engineer who holds joint appointments with Berkeley Lab and University of California (UC) Berkeley, He is also one of the world’s leading authorities on biofuels. “To accomplish this, we need to engineer lignocellulose to make it easier for microbes to deconstruct it into fermentable sugars, and we need to engineer microbes to improve their ability to convert those sugars into biofuels.”
Towards this end, one group of JBEI researchers are developing “pretreatments” of lignocellulose to enhance its deconstruction into fermentable sugars. This involves the developing ionic liquids (molten salts) that can dissolve lignin off of sugars, or finding exotic new enzymes that can deconstruct both sugars and lignin. The search for new enzymes is taking them into uncharted microbial territories, such as rain forest floors and composts. The microbial communities inhabiting such environments have evolved very different enzymes for lignocellulose deconstruction from the enzymes used in the conventional production of ethanol.
Explains Keasling, “When you walk through a rain forest, you aren’t constantly climbing over fallen trees and other debris because microbes there have evolved enzymes that can deconstruct this material into nutrients.”
When effective new enzymes have been identified, they will be studied at the molecular level. JBEI scientists will then employ the latest genetic technologies, including synthetic biology and directed evolution, to design and engineer enzymes that are even better.
Jay Keasling, a chemical engineer, serves as Chief Executive Office for JBEI, holds major appointments with Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley, and is one of the world’s foremost authorities on synthetic biology and biofuels.
A second JBEI group is working on the creation of new sugar-fermenting microbes that are capable of fermenting complex sugars, unlike the common yeast which can only ferment simple sugars. They are looking at special strains of E. coli and yeast that have already been genetically engineered to produce ethanol from complex sugars as model systems. Eventually they also plan to look at the genetics and metabolic pathways of Sulfolobus solfartaricus, an extremophile that is able to survive and thrive under conditions even more stressful than biofuel production.
“Plants have evolved over eons to resist biological and chemical assaults, but microbes and insects have evolved enzymes to counteract this resistance,” says Keasling. “We can learn from what natural evolution has given us, but we don’t have to merely accept it. Through such tools as synthetic biology and directed evolution we can try to do better.”
JBEI is one of the BioEnergy Research Centers sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy. JBEI partners, in addition to Berkeley Lab, are the Sandia National Laboratories, the UC campuses of Berkeley and Davis, the Carnegie Institution for Science and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. | <urn:uuid:a57fbf51-7551-484b-aa2f-0bd59b2772a7> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.lbl.gov/Publications/YOS/Feb/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00064-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943428 | 1,322 | 3.3125 | 3 |
When it comes to losing weight or making healthy choices, you probably think that it takes hours at a gym plus long nights preparing and planning nutritious meals. What you may not realize is that quick and easy changes can really improve your immediate health and wellness.|
So just how quick is quick? One minute—that’s it! Try any one of these 60-second activities to easily reap the healthy benefits.
1. Drink a tall glass of water. We all know the many health benefits of drinking water, but did you also know that even mild dehydration can cause fatigue? So, the next time you feel your energy waning, grab a glass of cold water and guzzle it down!
2. Twist it out. So many of us spend every weekday seated in front of a computer. Not only can sitting all day wreak havoc on your posture, but it can also compress your spine and exaggerate its curvature. Not fun. A simple twist can help undo this. As you sit in your desk chair, simply twist your upper-body to one side, hold for 30 seconds, and then repeat on the other side. If you have the space to sit on the floor, try this torso twist stretch. It’s guaranteed to make you feel better!
3. Take a deep breath. How often do you think about breathing? If you are like most people, you probably don’t think about it often enough. For a quick pick-me-up, simply take five deep breaths. Slowly inhale for at least five seconds and exhale for 10 seconds each time. Your body will thank you for the extra oxygen.
4. Do 20 jumping jacks. Research has shown that long periods of sitting can be detrimental to the body and our overall health. So get up out of that chair and jack it out! Just one minute of jumping jacks is an easy way to get your heart pumping and blood flowing.
5. Smile. Smiling can actually make you happier. So go ahead—smile!
6. Go outside. You’ve probably heard the health buzz about vitamin D lately. Preliminary research suggests that vitamin D helps regulate the immune system, supports heart health, can help normalize blood pressure and promotes healthy aging. Vitamin D has also been linked to improved mood. If you have a minute to spare, step out into the sunshine!
7. Put on a favorite song. There’s nothing quite like your favorite music to perk you up and get you feeling good. Listening to music has been shown to improve immunity and release endorphins. Bonus points if you dance along!
8. Sit up straighter. Did you know that bad posture can put unnecessary stress on your low back? Take a minute to focus on sitting up straight with your shoulders down and back. Don’t you feel better already?
9. Be grateful. Write down five things you’re grateful for, no matter how large or small (your hair, your family, your morning cup of Joe—whatever). Do you feel more thankful, generous and overall happier after? Funny how a little reminder of what we have can turn a frown into a smile.
10. Tell a joke. Awake your inner child and tell a silly joke—whether it’s a knock-knock joke or even a funny line from a movie. Anything that gets you laughing is enough to get your happy endorphins flowing!
11. Do 10 pushups. Being strong is important, but having functional strength is even more important because it makes everyday activities easier to accomplish. A push-up is a great, quick exercise for building functional strength. Drop down and give me 10—or as many as you can do in 1 minute.
12. Encourage someone. Isn’t it interesting how you always seem to feel better after helping someone else feel better? Whether you post a supportive comment on a SparkFriend’s page or write a few kind words in a card or an email, taking a minute out to help someone can quickly boost your mood.
13. Set a goal for the day. Fact: People who set goals have more success than people who don’t. So why not take a few seconds and write down what you want to do today? Then, just commit to making it happen!
14. Focus on one thing you love about yourself. At times, we put so much effort in focusing on what we don’t like about ourselves that we fail to see the good. Take 60 seconds to think about what you like about you. Is it your eyes? Your strong legs? Your giving nature? Thinking about how great you are will instantly increase self-confidence.
15. Wash your hands. It seems like cold and flu season is always in full force (or just around the corner). One of the simplest and easiest ways to stay well year round is to wash your hands. All you need is warm water, soap and 20 seconds of rubbing to rid your hands of unwanted germs.
16. Compliment a stranger. What better way to make yourself feel good than to unexpectedly brighten someone else’s day? The next time you admire someone’s clothes, positive attitude or eyes—say so!
17. Try aromatherapy. A number of different smells can have a positive effect on your mind and body. For example, peppermint is known to calm the stomach while its smell can energize you through a workout. And the scent of jasmine has been shown to reduce anxiety. To benefit, grab some scented lotion and either take a whiff from the bottle or rub some on your hands.
18. Salute the sun. Sun salutations are a well-known set of yoga poses that are said to warm up the body and increase blood flow and flexibility. So grab your mat and do one or two sets—rain or shine!
19. Give yourself a mini-massage. Massage has a number of health benefits, including reducing stress, lowering blood pressure and speeding muscle repair. While you may not be able to spend the time or money getting one at a spa, pampering yourself with just 1 minute of self-massage by rubbing your own hands, feet or shoulders can do wonders.
20. Be absolutely present. When we are wrapped up with work, to-do lists, and just getting by, sometimes we can forget to focus on what we are doing in the here and now. Try spending a minute just being. Focus on sounds, smells and whatever else is going on around you; instead of thinking ahead to what you'll do next, think about what you're doing right now. You’ll be amazed at how peaceful you feel. Just be!
See? In the quest to be healthier, you don't have to spend a lot of time. Even if all you have is a few spare seconds here and there, you can make a positive difference in your overall health!
Clean Hands Save Lives, from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Fight Fatigue with Your Fork, from Psychology Today
Here Comes the Sun, from Yoga Journal
Highlights from the Research Project on Gratitude and Thankfulness, from University of California, Davis
Peppermint, from University of Maryland Medical Center
Research Briefs: Did You Know? from NammFoundation.org
Vitamin D Research, from National Fluid Milk Processor Education Board, GetYourD.com | <urn:uuid:a52a17f6-d166-41e0-8282-303ce3627d01> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.sparkpeople.com/resource/wellness_articles.asp?id=1557 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697974692/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095254-00023-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947084 | 1,538 | 2.078125 | 2 |
ORF Produces Classical Music in 5.1 Surround Sound
The New Year’s Concert, live from Vienna’s Musikverein concert hall, is Austrian broadcaster ORF’s biggest event of the year and is broadcast to over one billion people worldwide by ORF and their broadcast partners. In the early years, a 5.1-channel mix of the concert had been postproduced for DVD release. The success of this multichannel DVD convinced ORF that the live concert would be the perfect opportunity to launch its 5.1 broadcast services.
The 2003 concert featured music from the Johann Strauss family, as well as compositions from Johannes Brahms and Carl Maria von Weber. Performed by the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra (Wiener Philharmoniker) and led by the famous Austrian conductor Nikolaus Harnoncourt, the 2003 New Year’s Concert was also Europe’s first live 5.1 broadcast.
ORF chose Dolby® equipment and technologies to implement their multichannel debut.
Recording the Surround Information
When recording audio for surround sound, it is necessary to use a suitable microphone setup that will usually involve more microphones than is common in accepted stereo recording techniques.
The main objective in recording surround information is to record the effects of the hall acoustics, not the direct sound. This can be achieved by placing omnidirectional microphones far enough away from the direct sound source so that they pick up the reverberation of the hall, or by positioning cardioid mics with their null points facing the direct source. If surround mics are placed too far away from the direct source, a sensitive listener may detect a slight delay. It would then be necessary to delay the front channels appropriately. Delaying the front channels is not necessary when directional mics are used as they do not pick up the direct signal.
Setup and Microphone Placement
The microphone layout used for the concert was devised by Florian Camerer of ORF. Twenty spot mics were used to ensure that all instruments in the orchestra were picked up. Three omnidirectional mics arranged in a Decca Tree configuration were used at the front of the stage to give a spatial representation of the orchestra through the front channels. A variation of the Kimio Hamasaki configuration—consisting of two figure-eight mics in the center of the hall and two cardioids pointing toward the rear—was used to pick up the effects of the hall acoustics for the rear channels as well as the audience reaction. No delay was used with this setup.
All of these mics were fed into distribution amplifiers, creating feeds for the FM radio mix, the TV stereo mix, the TV 5.1 mix, and the record-company stereo mix for the CD release.
The Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra performed for audiences in the same venue in the days leading up to the New Year’s Concert. This presented the ideal opportunity to rehearse the live broadcast. In addition to creating the mix, mixing engineer Josef Schütz also developed presets for the metadata that were ultimately transmitted as part of the transmitted audio bitstream. This optimized the soundtrack for replay in different types of home decoders.
A dialnorm value of –25 using “Music Light” on Line mode and “Music Standard” on RF mode was selected. In an unusual move for recording of a classical music concert, some dynamic range control was selected in the metadata. Music Light was chosen to provide more high-level limiting of the signal than low-level boost. This worked well with the particular pieces of music being performed as they contained a large number of high-level passages and very few low-level ones. The effects of these settings were emulated in the OB truck by the Dolby DP570 Multichannel Audio Tool. (Alternately, one could use a software plug-in such as the Dolby Media Emulator to perform the same actions.)
After mixing and emulation of the 5.1 audio and metadata, the media required formatting so that it could be contributed successfully to the ORF broadcast center. ORF chose to use Dolby E in this instance, due to the number of spare embedded AES pairs in the SDI signal over a fiber optic link.
In ORF’s case, the Dolby E was routed and decoded to baseband PCM to prepare the transmission encoder with audio and metadata. The audio encoder was then used to input the ATA board of the Philips platform 310 DVB multiplexer, which in turn fed the ORF DVB transmission over the Astra satellite.
Engineers performed 5.1 monitoring at the concert venue in a special room prepared for the ORF VIPs and at the ORF broadcast center, where the off-air feed was recorded and checked.
The service could then be decoded and enjoyed by ORF satellite viewers with a set-top box that was connected to a compatible 5.1 home cinema system.
It should be noted that to transmit multichannel surround sound, often all the broadcaster has to do is request that multichannel surround be present on the incoming live feed from the content provider, and connect a transmission encoder such as Dolby Digital Plus, which often requires only a software upgrade to existing equipment. | <urn:uuid:e2008b7d-ba80-46c5-8c5c-e2dc2cfeac8c> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.dolby.com/us/en/professional/technology/broadcast/dolby-e/orf-case-study.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368711005985/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516133005-00006-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951639 | 1,091 | 1.921875 | 2 |
A History of the 58th Infantry Platoon (Scout Dog)
The 58th Infantry Platoon (Scout Dog) was in existence, as a war dog unit, for almost four years. The unit did, however, start out as a very different animal. On February 27, 1951, the unit was constituted in the Regular Army as the 58th Infantry Counterfire Platoon, and was activated on April 30, 1951, at Fort Benning, Georgia. Shipping out to Korea, where it earned one campaign credit, "UN Summer - Fall Offensive", the unit was inactivated on October 28, 1951, in Korea.
As the buildup for the conflict in South Vietnam continued, the growing number of ground combat units required a growing number of scout dog platoons to be activated, trained and sent over to South Vietnam to support these infantry units. On September 25, 1967, the 58th Infantry Counterfire Platoon was redesignated as the 58th Infantry Platoon (Scout Dog) and was activated, at Fort Benning, Georgia.
At Fort Benning, the Unites States Army Infantry Center, Headquarters Detachment Scout Dog provided command and control for the students, instructors, and administrative personnel involved in the scout dog training program. Two attached units, the 26th Infantry Platoon (Scout Dog) and the 51st Infantry Platoon (Scout Dog), were given the mission of training all deploying scout dog platoons and all individual scout dog handler replacements. The 51st IPSD, itself, completed unit training on March 24, 1967. By mid summer 1967 it was alerted for deployment to Vietnam. Had this occurred, it would have severely hampered the operations of the scout dog training program.
The 51st IPSD did not deploy to Vietnam, remaining instead assigned to the Headquarters Detachment Scout Dog. However, its equipment and some of its personnel, including some instructors, were transferred to the newly activated 58th Infantry Platoon (Scout Dog). The balance of the 58th was filled out with rejects from other schools at Fort Benning. The first unit commander of the 58th, 1st Lt. Andrew E. Bond, was transferred over from the 51st IPSD and assumed command of the 58th IPSD in unit orders number 2, dated October 26, 1967. His platoon sergeant was Sergeant First Class Robert A. Siewinski.
The 58th was activated and trained specifically for deployment to the Republic of South Vietnam. The 58th trained in the care and use of scout dogs at the Dog Training Detachment at Fort Benning from October 30, 1967 to January 31, 1968, graduating with a complement of 27 men: 1 1st Lt, 1 SFC, 4 SSgts, 4 Sgts, 1 Cpl, 8 Sp4s, and 8 PFCs. Sp4 James A. Albaugh, handling Herman M417, was the honor graduate. Herman M417 was the only dog to remain with the 58th through that unit's entire Vietnam stay and to be returned to the U.S. when the unit stood down.
When the 58th IPSD began training in October 1967, Upper Respiratory Disease (URI) was prevalent in most of the dogs. The 58th took part in an experiment to determine if this disease could be transferred from animal to man. Blood tests were made of both man and dog before they were brought together, after they had worked together for several weeks, and again at completion of training. The 58th was kept in quarantine for the entire twelve week scout dog course. The results of this experiment are not known.
On February 16, 1968, the 58th IPSD was deployed to South Vietnam, via C130 Hercules aircraft, arriving in-country on February 18, 1968, at Tan Son Nhut air base. Some echelons actually landed during a ground attack against the air base, during the 1968 TET offensive. The unit was assigned to the 3rd Brigade, 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile) and was quartered at Phuoc Vinh, in III Corps, about 30 miles NNE of Saigon. The platoon spent the first few weeks getting settled and undergoing intensive training for their future operations. Their first operations, in support of the 3rd Brigade's battalions (1/506, 2/506, 3/187), were around Phuoc Vinh. Operations gradually expanded out to the Cu Chi area, where 50% of the teams were quartered, while the balance of the unit, with its headquarters element, remained at Phuoc Vinh.
When they stepped off the C130s at Tan Son Nhut, in February 1967, the men of the 58th IPSD wore on their left shoulder, above the "Screaming Eagle" shoulder sleeve insignia of the 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), a curved scout dog tab bearing the text "58th INF SCOUT DOG" in black thread on an olive green background. The tab was edged in black thread. Black and olive green were the colors of a "subdued" patch. Since the 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile) was the only major unit in South Vietnam that never wore their shoulder sleeve insignia in a subdued version, the men of the 58th, in early 1969, decided to go "full color" on their scout dog tab, the text and border in gold thread on a black background .
Personnel changes occurred with some people being infused into other units, some people being wounded and going home, and some replacements coming in. The first replacements were not Fort Benning graduates but were trained in-country at the USARV Scout Dog Training Detachment at Bien Hoa. The first Fort Benning school-trained replacements arrived on September 11, 1968. PFC Bobby Schaffer was wounded, in operations near Cu Chi, in July or August, and was medivaced back to the United States. His dog, Rebel M421, was unharmed.
In September 1968, the 1st and 2nd Brigades of the 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), with division headquarters, were up in I Corps, while 3rd Brigade was down in III Corps. The decision came down to reunite the division. Therefore, the dog teams in Cu Chi returned to Phuoc Vinh and the unit packed up for the move North. On September 21, 1968, the unit; people, dogs, equipment, and unit vehicles, were all loaded onto C130 aircraft and were flown up to Hue/Phu Bai air base.
The 58th set up at Camp Rodrigez, a subset of the Division base camp, Camp Eagle, about a mile down the road from one of its sister units, the 42nd Infantry Platoon (Scout Dog), which supported infantry units in the 1st Brigade. A third unit, the 47th IPSD, located further North at LZ Sally, handled 2nd Brigade support. Time was spent getting settled in the new area. Marches were held to acclimate the dogs and men to the new type of terrain in I Corps, and bunkers were built. A training lane was set up and just as it was starting to be used the 58th was moved again.
On November 1, 1968, the 58th IPSD made the move North, via unit vehicles this time, through Hue and LZ Sally, to a spot about half way between Quang Tri and LZ Sally, Camp Evans. Camp Evans was the divisional headquarters base camp for the 1st Air Cavalry Division. Although the 1st Cav was moving South to I Corps, to Phuoc Vinh and Bien Hoa, some units were still at Evans when the 58th arrived.
Moving into an area formerly occupied by the 1st Cav's 34th IPSD, the unit quickly set up shop with it's first dog teams going out in early November. On November 11th, the 58th saw it's first I Corps casualties when Pvt Oscar McGhan was wounded and medivaced back the states and his dog Bo Bear 025M was killed. Bo Bear was the first dog buried in the unit cemetery at Camp Evans. Most operations for the 58th at this time were patrols in the mountains in the immediate vicinity of Camp Evans and night ambushes outside the perimeter. Time in camp was spent in constructing bunkers for the men, bunkering the dog crates, and setting up new buildings. The unit started with an orderly room, two barracks, a vet shack, an outhouse, and a shower. Soon added were a supply room/barracks combination and a third barracks.
Replacements continued to come in to fill up the unit as original members started going home. Not all the original members had the same deros date so there was a gradual phase out of the originals. The last contingent of about 9 men left the unit in February 1969. Some veteran scout dog handlers were infused into the 58th from other units, some replacements were OJT, but most were from the Scout Dog School at Fort Benning. In February 1969, the outgoing CO, Captain Andrew Bond was replaced by 2nd Lt. Eugene R. Amberson, while SFC Siewinski was replaced by SFC Kenneth W. David.
Inspired, after seeing the 47th IPSD's Snoopy "Paw Power" unit sign at LZ Sally, Sgt. Robert A. Kollar, handler of Rebel M421, designed and painted a unit sign for the 58th in March 1969. To make our Snoopy more warrior-like, he was presented in right-profile, sitting on his dog house roof, wearing a camouflage covered helmet, holding an M16 rifle in his left paw. The right half of the sign had a stylized German Shepherd head, facing left, made up of the words "SILENT" over "ALERT". Above the "SILENT ALERT" logo was "58th INF. PLT. SCOUT DOG" and below was "101st AIRBORNE DIVISION". The unit sign evolved over time. By mid 1971, Snoopy had been replaced by a large paw print, with "PAW" above and "POWER" underneath. The "SILENT ALERT" logo remained, but the text above and below had been removed. In the center were the commanding officer, the platoon sergeant, "58th SCOUT DOG PLT", and "THY SCENT, THY DOOM" at the bottom. In the upper left corner and the upper right corner were the words "HELL ON PAWS".
During April 1969, the 58th IPSD sent their first dog teams into the A Shau Valley during operation "Kentucky Jumper". On April 15th, the support mission for the 58th was expanded to include the 1st Brigade, 5th Mechanized Infantry Division at Quang Tri. Thus, the 58th Infantry Platoon (Scout Dog) was now supporting two brigades. During the month of June 1969, the unit had 400 scout team support days, which, to that time, was the most support days ever pulled by a scout dog platoon in a one month period. The 58th supported the 5th Mech until August 20, 1969, when the 43rd Infantry Platoon (Scout Dog), detached from the withdrawing 9th Infantry Division, was reassigned to the 1st Brigade, 5th Mechanized Infantry Division.
Starting around May or June 1969, the 58th Infantry Platoon (Scout Dog) started getting, as replacement handlers, men schooled at Fort Benning as off-leash handlers. The numbers continued to grow until the 58th was an all off-leash unit. Even mine dogs were incorporated into the unit. In 1970 there even was a drug dog, Mark (the narc).
July 19, 1969, saw the 58th suffering its first KIA of the Vietnam War. On that date Sp4 Raymon Draper Hales and his dog Rebel X202 were KIA while Sp4 Ronald Malone, walking slack on Hales first time out, was WIA and returned to the states.
By September 1969, the 58th was out of the A Shau Valley and worked the lowlands around Camp Evans. October 1969 saw 58th IPSD scout dog teams working on the DMZ, covering the withdrawal of the Marines from that area of operations. During this time SP4 Steven Tompkins was wounded by a chicom grenade but he recovered and returned to the 58th.
January 1970 saw another change in command as 1st Lt. Timothy E. Bryan took over for the outgoing 1st Lt. Amberson. Lt. Bryan's tour with the 58th IPSD was only six months long. On June 21, 1970, he moved down to Bien Hoa to assume duties as officer in charge of training at the Dog Training Detachment. He was replaced by 2nd Lt. Francis H. Hills Jr.
The second KIA for this unit occurred, on July 4, 1970, when Sp4 William Clayton Ray was killed. His dog Fritz received minor shrapnel wounds. Two days later Sp4 Bruce Bond was WIA and medivaced back to the United States. In August 1970, it was difficult to keep up with the requests for dog teams. At on time the 58th IPSD was supporting five battalions (1/506, 2/506, 3/187, 2/501, 2/502). Sgt. Derek Monty and his dog Rex were both WIA, receiving shrapnel wounds while on patrol with C Company, 2/501.
October 1970 saw SFC John H. Benson replacing outgoing NCOIC SFC Howard W. Ryan. The unit closed out 1970 with 1059 support days.
In February 1971, 2nd Lt. Leo M. Wertin arrived at the 58th IPSD, while 1st Lt. Hills was still in command. Sharing sort of a joint command for several weeks, Lt. Wertin took command of the 58th on March 18, 1971. Lt. Hills continued living in the unit area until his deros in June, 1971, but was performing duties at 3rd Brigade headquarters. The unit had changed. No longer were dog teams ferried out to helo pads, to be airlifted to the field. The 58th made their own helo pad. New buildings were added; a 4th barracks and a day room, and the shower was rebuilt. An obstacle course for the dogs was set up. In June, an actual kennel was started. The last real kennel the 58th IPSD had was back in Phuoc Vinh, in September 1968. But the new kennel never got beyond a concrete floor and the skeleton of a building.
On July 21, 1971, its 1,250th day in-country, the 58th Infantry Platoon (Scout Dog) was inactivated in South Vietnam. Ten of the dogs that served in the 58th for some period of time during those 1,250 days, are known to have made it out of Vietnam. Herman M417 was the only 58th dog to go all the way in the one unit. When the 58th was deactivated, some handlers were redeployed to the few remaining scout dog platoons, some ended up in infantry outfits, and some got jobs in the rear.
The 58th Infantry Platoon (Scout Dog) was in South Vietnam from February 18, 1968 to July 21, 1971 and served in ten campaigns of the Vietnam War, earning four unit citations. The Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army) was awarded for March 14, 1968 - October 3, 1968. The Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm was awarded for July 19, 1968 - May 14, 1969. A second award was for April 18, 1971 - August 31, 1971. The Republic of Vietnam Civil Action Honor Medal, First Class was awarded for October 3, 1968 - May 2, 1970.
Sgt. Robert A. Kollar (Rebel M421)
58th Infantry Platoon (Scout Dog)
101st Airborne Division (Airmobile)
11 September 1968 - 19 August 1969
Sgt. Robert A. Kollar and Rebel M421
Thua Thien Province (I Corps)
Republic of South Vietnam
Four year old scout dog, Rebel M421, of the 58th Infantry Platoon (Scout Dog), 3rd Brigade, 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), sits in front of the unit sign at Camp Evans, Thua Thien Province, Republic of South Vietnam, in March 1969. The unit sign was designed and painted by his handler, Sgt. Robert A. Kollar, of Dubuque, Iowa. Rebel M421 was from Minnesota. | <urn:uuid:2c91729b-277b-4b0a-9c69-46d8ea3e00d5> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.vietnamwar.net/robert.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368701852492/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516105732-00033-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983544 | 3,471 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Pope Leo XI1535 - April 27, 1605), better known as Leo XI, was chosen, under French influence, to succeed Clement VIII as Pope on April 1, 1605, but died on April 27 of the same year. His successor was Paul V.
Pope Clement VIII
|List of popes||Succeeded by:|
Pope Paul V
original text from the 9th edition (1882) of a famous encyclopedia. | <urn:uuid:ba7d2c93-ab24-49d7-b9c1-7d4638c1f672> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://fixedreference.org/en/20040424/wikipedia/Pope_Leo_XI | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697380733/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516094300-00051-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977538 | 93 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Before now, the Google PowerMeter software could only estimate your energy use, unless you happened to be a customer of the handful of utilities it was working with. That has changed. The company announced yesterday that they have partnered with The Energy Detective (TED), allowing you to bypass your utility and get regularly-updated energy use information.
The TED 5000 device costs about $200 and you'll need an electrician to install it, but once that's done, it wil connect to the internet and feed all your electricity use to the PowerMeter program online at home or via iGoogle on your mobile phone. The TED device sends updates to PowerMeter every 10 minutes compared to regular smart meters which often only dispaly processed energy data only once a day.
People who already own a TED device can download an upgrade to start using the PowerMeter software.
This partnership is meeting a great need because it lets consumers review their electricity use in real-time, over their own broadband connection, allowing them to make changes to their current energy consumtption instead of making changes in hindsight. But the companies aren't looking to exclude power companies. TED and Google are both still working with utilities to build smart meter networks.
written by Elliott, October 06, 2009
|< Prev||Next >| | <urn:uuid:0ad655de-eae2-4ef6-afeb-63cd7ac8ca46> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.ecogeek.org/efficiency/2970 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368708142388/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516124222-00010-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943126 | 263 | 1.96875 | 2 |
These are the documents arising from the meeting between Senator Fielding and the Minister for the Climate Change and Water, Penny Wong, on 15 June 2009.
Senator Fielding was accompanied by four independent scientists: Bob Carter, David Evans, Stewart Franks, and William Kininmonth. Minister Wong was accompanied by the Chief Scientist Penny Sackett and by Professor Will Steffen.
1. Fielding’s Questions to Wong, June 15
2. Fielding’s Note to Wong on the NIPCC Report, June 15
3. Sackett-Steffen Briefing Paper (delivered for Wong at meeting), June 15
4. Wong-Steffen Response to Questions, June 18
5. Fielding Press Release, June 24
6. Fielding Press Release, July 3
7. Carter-Evans-Franks-Kininmonth Due Diligence Report on Wong, July 3, updated August 10
8. Carter-Evans-Franks-Kininmonth Press Release, August 10
Note that one relevant paper has not been released into the public domain. It is the Minister’s personal letter to Senator Fielding on June 18th, which accompanied her written departmental replies to his questions. A number of the points made in that letter are analysed in Section D of the Due Diligence Report.
Due Dilligence Report Appendix
Article in The Australian newspaper, by the four independent scientists
Senator Fielding’s web page on climate change, with his position, documents, blog articles, and news articles
Correspondence between William Kininmonth and Matthew England, plus commentary by Joanne
The change in alarmist direction that became evident at the meeting and in their new Synthesis Report
Call for a Royal Commission, by the four independent scientists
A politician doing what he should, by Joanne
Article “What Science-War”, by Bob Carter
Overview of the four temperature datasets for Senator Fielding, by David Evans
Model Hindcasts are not evidence, but worthless, by David Evans
Article “Answering 3 Simple Questions”, by Willie Soon and David R. Legates | <urn:uuid:92114286-c684-48a8-9cd8-f1e9a3fe2d13> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://joannenova.com.au/global-warming-2/the-wong-fielding-meeting-on-global-warming-documents/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704392896/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113952-00055-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949685 | 445 | 1.789063 | 2 |
St. James's Park
East of Buckingham Palace
London, United Kingdom
Contributed by Project for Public Spaces
This wonderful park is a spiritual place, and far and away the best park in the heart of London.see also:
This wonderful park has always been a respite from the busy city around it. It sits between Buckingham Palace and Whitehall with great views to either side. It is spiritual place, and far and away the best park in the heart of London. Its only real rival is Queen Maryís Gardens, which has many similar qualities, but is buried deep in Regentís Park.
- The World's Best and Worst Parks - St. James's Park is on PPS's list of the best parks in the world | <urn:uuid:030a103f-c156-4fce-9617-08d1d8f1a0f7> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.pps.org/great_public_spaces/one?public_place_id=661&type_id=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368710006682/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516131326-00058-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922811 | 152 | 1.703125 | 2 |
MIAMI — Senior U.S. military officers will be scrambled from around the world this weekend for jury duty at Guantanamo Bay in the Pentagon's first war-crimes trial since World War II.
In a victory for the Bush administration in its protracted quest to prosecute terrorism suspects held at Guantanamo, a federal judge in Washington on Thursday rejected defense attorneys' appeals to halt the trial of Osama bin Laden's former driver, Salim Ahmed Hamdan of Yemen, and it will get underway Monday.
Hamdan's lawyers had argued before both U.S. District Judge James Robertson and the military judge hearing pretrial motions at Guantanamo, Navy Capt. Keith J. Allred, that the trial should be delayed until civilian judges weighed the constitutionality of the tribunal's rules and procedures.
Robertson said that those challenges could be brought during or after the trial and that he would respect "the balance struck by Congress" when it created the war-crimes tribunal with the 2006 Military Commissions Act.
Allred rejected defense contentions that Hamdan was entitled to constitutional protections beyond the right of habeas corpus upheld June 12 by the Supreme Court.
Hamdan will be the first from among 265 Guantanamo prisoners to be tried on terrorism charges, and his appearance before Allred and a panel of at least seven senior officers will allow the Bush administration to demonstrate whether the tribunal works and can produce convictions.
Robertson's refusal to postpone the trial also allows the Republican administration to put some terrorism suspects on trial before the presidential election. The trials of Canadian prisoner Omar Khadr and five men facing death-penalty charges for their alleged involvement in the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks are expected to begin before November.
If Hamdan were convicted and sentenced and the Sept. 11 defendants, including confessed mastermind Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, were tried this fall, it could be more difficult for the next administration to dismantle a judicial system that keeps the reputed terrorists off U.S. soil.
(Both presumptive presidential nominees, Republican John McCain and Democrat Barack Obama, have said they want to close Guantanamo.)
Pretrial proceedings underway at Guantanamo have tended to expose flaws in the Pentagon's system for detaining, interrogating and trying foreign terrorism suspects.
Earlier this week, Khadr's lawyers released video excerpts from a 2003 interrogation of the 16-year-old in which he wept and begged for help. In the video, which Pentagon officials fought to keep out of the public eye, Khadr also tells his Canadian interrogator that he was mistreated in U.S. custody and removes his shirt to show wounds he said hadn't healed.
Khadr's trial is set for October, but his military defense lawyer, Lt. Cmdr. William C. Kuebler, has been pressing for his now-21-year-old client to be released or transferred to Canada, where he could be tried in a legal system that observed international covenants on the treatment of child soldiers.
The war-crimes court has been under fire from European allies and human rights advocates since its creation. Critics lament its lack of due process and the admissibility, if the military judge allows, of hearsay and coerced evidence.
The tribunal, known as the Office of Military Commissions, has also weathered accusations of political corruption, including the plea bargain that freed Australian detainee David Hicks last year after his nation's prime minister appealed to the White House.
In addition, Bush loyalists within the military and judicial hierarchies have been accused of exercising what is known as unlawful command influence -- pulling rank -- in pressuring prosecutors to go after high-profile prisoners to impress voters.
Hamdan is charged with conspiracy and material support for terrorism. The 38-year-old, who has been jailed at Guantanamo for more than six years, could get life imprisonment if convicted.
His lawyers have argued that their client was just a $200-a-month servant, not a committed jihadist in the loop on Al Qaeda plots.
Allred rejected motions filed by Hamdan's lawyers claiming that the Constitution's equal-protection clause would be violated if their client were tried in an untested judicial system.
Allred has yet to rule on the admissibility of evidence obtained by Guantanamo interrogators after Hamdan was subjected to sleep deprivation, solitary confinement and sexual humiliation. The Yemeni prisoner testified this week about interrogation and detention practices he described as physically and psychologically abusive.
Human rights monitors criticized Robertson's decision.
"It doesn't make sense to conduct a trial under rules that are likely to be found unconstitutional later on," said Jameel Jaffer, director of national security matters for the American Civil Liberties Union. "Proceeding with this trial now will only draw out a legal process that has taken far too long already and further discredit a system that has been a disgrace from the start." | <urn:uuid:fbda7138-31da-4254-b163-168478e2e0d8> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://articles.latimes.com/2008/jul/18/nation/na-hamdan18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705953421/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120553-00050-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971843 | 987 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Amazing Pop Art by Ben Frost
Australian artist Ben Frost is known for his kaleidoscopic Pop Art, mash-up paintings that take inspiration from areas as diverse as graffiti, collage, photorealism and sign-writing.
By subverting mainstream iconography from the worlds of advertising, entertainment and politics, he creates a visual framework that is bold, confronting and often controversial.
ENDVR II by Grzegorz Domaradzki
New set of snowboard designs made for Endeavor Snowboards 2012/2013 collection.
Illustrations inspired by pop culture imagery ranging from Manga and comic books to public icons and Pop Art.
Realistic Comic Book Paintings by Sharon Moody
“Her current series of oil on panel paintings depicts classic comic books in trompe l’oeil style. She arranges the comic books to focus on the excitement and anticipation of reading, capturing a moment in time as the pages turn. The subject matter celebrating mass-produced consumer products references the Pop Art roots of these works, while the meticulous rendering nods to Photorealism.”
Multi-Layered Pop Art by Greg Gossel
Gossel’s multi-layered work illustrates a visual history of change and process throughout each piece.
Warhol Spirit by Grégoire Guillemin
Prints available here
Vader Vinyl by Beery Method
Art by Alec Goss
Andy Warhol, Salvador Dali, Francis Bacon, Basquiat, Ron English, and Joan Miro, these being only a few, are just some of the artists that have inspired this young artist. - Alec Goss works with a variety of different styles and elements ranging from collage, painting, graphic design, and so on.
McDonalds Fries Art by Ben Frost
Ben Frost is a visual artist whose work seeks to challenge contemporary norms and values of Western culture and society. Frost’s visual work places common iconic images from advertising, entertainment, and politics into startling juxtapositions that are often confrontational and controversia
More @ his instragram - user: benfrostisdead | <urn:uuid:08010e1b-4b22-4b62-bbaf-6d39f4a54fa0> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://thecoolsumist.tumblr.com/tagged/pop/page/2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700958435/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516104238-00065-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.907905 | 437 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Way back in the day, William Shakespeare first used the phrase 'a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.'
He used it in the context of the star crossed lovers and their families, the Capulets and the Montagues, but thanks to the relentless drive to change names in South Africa, I thought it would apply here too.
The thing is, if you read the news, people like Paul Mashatile think we're afraid of name changes.
The ANC genuinely does seem to think that having our streets renamed deals us a mortal blow. As though it were a fate worse than death or something.
Apologies for the netspeak, but ROFL!
When it comes to whether you choose to change any street names, airport names or even town names, I, personally, could not give a rat's ass. Either I will roll with the change, or, if I am already used to calling said destination something else, I'll just keep referring to it that way. Much the same as people who were born in Zim before a certain time still call the country Rhodesia - and we all know what they mean.
Nope. It's not fear.
It's not anger about losing a part of our cultural identity either, is it? Because most of us carry our culture with us no matter where we go, and what it's called.
It's anger at the sheer wastefulness of the excercise.
Renaming streets, cities and towns costs money. A LOT of money. Tax payers money. Money that people worked hard for. Money that could be better spent uplifting the poor, improving education or prosecuting corrupt officials.
The reason we're angry is not because you want to change names, it's because it's probably one of the most retarded ways to spend money in a country that is floundering in a sea of poverty.
But you will do what you want to do.
Just remember, however, the next time you drive past a shack - the money you have gleefully wasted changing street names could have built that person, and most of their neighbors, an RDP house.
It could have covered the 16 million welfare grants SA pays every month, at least for a while.
The people who oppose you, ANC, don't fear things like name changes. A rose by any other name and all that. We fear the fact that you are spending money on shit, and then still blaming everything that's wrong in South Africa on a regime that died 20 years ago.
Isn't it time you stopped spending money on non essentials, and started rebuilding the country? Or don't you know how to do that?
Disclaimer: All articles and letters published on MyNews24 have been independently written by members of News24's community. The views of users published on News24 are therefore their own and do not necessarily represent the views of News24. News24 editors also reserve the right to edit or delete any and all comments received. | <urn:uuid:21079671-f0ad-43f4-a4b3-56a703bc0689> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.news24.com/MyNews24/A-rose-by-any-other-name-20120412 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706153698/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120913-00001-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972405 | 611 | 1.734375 | 2 |
June 2008, Volume 12, Number 2 pp. 94-112
BEYOND THE DESIGN OF AUTOMATED WRITING EVALUATION: PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES AND PERCEIVED LEARNING EFFECTIVENESS IN EFL WRITING CLASSES
Chi-Fen Emily Chen and Wei-Yuan Eugene Cheng National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Taiwan Automated writing evaluation (AWE) software is designed to provide instant computergenerated scores for a submitted essay along with diagnostic feedback. Most studies on AWE have been conducted on psychometric evaluations of its validity; however, studies on how effectively AWE is used in writing classes as a pedagogical tool are limited. This study employs a naturalistic classroom-based approach to explore the interaction between how an AWE program, MY Access!, was implemented in three different ways in three EFL college writing classes in Taiwan and how students perceived its effectiveness in improving writing. The findings show that, although the implementation of AWE was not in general perceived very positively by the three classes, it was perceived comparatively more favorably when the program was used to facilitate students’ early drafting and revising process, followed by human feedback from both the teacher and peers during the later process. This study also reveals that the autonomous use of AWE as a surrogate writing coach with minimal human facilitation caused frustration to students and limited their learning of writing. In addition, teachers’ attitudes toward AWE use and their technology-use skills, as well as students’ learner characteristics and goals for learning to write, may also play vital roles in determining the effectiveness of AWE. With limitations inherent in the design of AWE technology, language teachers need to be more critically aware that the implementation of AWE requires well thought-out pedagogical designs and thorough considerations for its relevance to the objectives of... [continues]
Cite This Essay
(2010, 11). Language Learning and Technology. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 11, 2010, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Language-Learning-And-Technology-468334.html
"Language Learning and Technology" StudyMode.com. 11 2010. 11 2010 <http://www.studymode.com/essays/Language-Learning-And-Technology-468334.html>.
"Language Learning and Technology." StudyMode.com. 11, 2010. Accessed 11, 2010. http://www.studymode.com/essays/Language-Learning-And-Technology-468334.html. | <urn:uuid:7808d28f-b6c1-4c36-b9cf-3e99a6d31d57> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.studymode.com/essays/Language-Learning-And-Technology-468334.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705195219/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115315-00059-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922716 | 535 | 2.734375 | 3 |
[dateline] The Hague, 19 June 1778
Nulla dies sine linea.
I had the honor to send you, by the last regular mail, the insidious article inserted in the Gazette de la Haie
by Sir Joseph Yorke and the dispatch from Count de Degenfeld. On the 16th I sent the material that you found enclosed to Leyden.2
On the 17th the local gazeteer, by order of Baron de Reischach, envoy of the Court of Vienna, with bad grace, sang the following palinode: “We are required by a very good source to state that the article in our No. 71 concerning Mr. Lee, the American agent, was not furnished to us by the Court of Vienna or by any of its ministers” Next Tuesday there will be something else in the Leyden paper.3
As you can see, we are waging a small war here. We keep our hands in until the game begins.
Today the Grand Facteur predicted that permission to present the treaty will arrive on Tuesday. I gathered that his House expects that it will produce a formal resolution on the part of those here at their next assembly. I hope so with all my heart, but I do not believe it. We are not in a position to be able or even to dare to attempt such an accomplishment. For us, the essential point to be achieved—and it surely will be—is to rid the ill-intentioned of any pretext for or hope of bringing the Republic to share any of their views and, in this respect, nothing could be better than the manner in which we are now proceeding.
I will keep this until Tuesday.
The Grand Facteur's prediction came to nothing. You will see, I told him, this treaty will be made public in the American and British ga•
zettes with the result that my démarche with the Grand Pensionary will cease to have either merit or propriety. What can I tell you? he answered, the deed is done; we have written and cannot now go forward before receiving a reply; it may come on Friday.
Today the Gazette de Leyde contained the following:
“Through the efforts of the government our commerce has increased in the midst of our neighbors' quarrels. For some time we have been made to conceive the hope of seeing it flourish more than ever if our town [Ostende]
would become a port open to the Americans. This hope has been strengthened by the news of the arrival of an American agent at Vienna.”4
I am, gentlemen, with a very real respect, your very humble and very obedient servant
This letter did not go out last Tuesday because, all things considered, its contents did not seem urgent enough not to wait for the next regular mail.
I finally have permission to take the treaty to the Grand Pensionary and for him, and also our friend, to read it; but with the accompanying order that no one be given a copy of it. In addition, I was told that Mr. Franklin was apprised of all this and approved it fully.
This morning someone told me that the Assembly of the Dutch States will meet in only 19 days. I will seek further information concerning this.
MH-H: Lee Papers
; addressed: “à Leurs Excellences Messieurs les Plénipotentiaires des Etats-Unis de l'Amerique Paris.” Part of address page cut out where docketing might have been.
1. Not a day without a line.
2. This material appeared in the Gazette de Leyde
of 19 June in the form of an “Extrait d'un Lettre de La Haie.” A clipping of that article is in the Lee Papers (MH-H
) and may have been enclosed with this letter.
3. Dumas' reference is not clear, but see the passage inserted by Dumas in the continuation of his letter under 23 June.
4. This passage, taken from a “Lettre d'Ostende,” came at the end of that letter, which also commented on British naval activities and the depredations of the Guernsey privateers. | <urn:uuid:09b32ccf-c85f-44dc-8ef9-76050d56127b> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.masshist.org/publications/apde/portia.php?id=PJA06d189 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706890813/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516122130-00071-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956201 | 882 | 1.789063 | 2 |
At face value, it sounds like a great idea. And it comes from Bill Gates!
Imagine if kids poured their time and passion into a video game that taught them math concepts while they barely noticed, because it was so enjoyable.
Kids are bored in the classroom—partially due to the growing technological culture—so we should make the classroom more fun. Like video games! Video games are fun!
This is a great vision, but it faces two major hurdles:
- Regular video games are more fun than educational videogames.
- It’s hard for video games to effectively educate.
Enter Pamela Paul, with a well-worded challenge to Gates’s vision:
Do we want children to “barely notice” when they develop valuable skills? Not to learn that hard work plays a role in that acquisition? It’s important to realize early on that mastery often requires persevering through tedious, repetitive tasks and hard-to-grasp subject matter.
How’s this for a radical alternative? Let children play games that are not educational in their free time…Then, once they’re in the classroom, they can challenge themselves. Deliberate practice of less-than-exhilarating rote work isn’t necessarily fun but they need to get used to it — and learn to derive from it meaningful reward, a pleasure far greater than the record high score.
If school is designed to prepare students for life as adults, it needs to go beyond “learning”. It needs to add (at minimum) “work ethic” to its list of values. I’m not sure how you can measure work ethic, but we need to figure out a way.
When I substitute, I find myself telling students this all the time:
It’s not important that you learn [this particular fact]. It’s important that you learn how to work hard at something.
Make Time for Play
If we’re going to recommit to students working hard, we need to balance that time too. Kids need recess, and older kids need a break. Robert Evans (in his #4 point in this Cracked article) lists a variety of studies showing the benefits to recess and down time:
- Children are better behaved in the classroom.
- Children pay better attention in the classroom.
Everyone needs a break, not just younger children. It’s no coincidence that most high schools’ classes last only 45-50 minutes. In my graduate courses (three hours straight), I found it easier to pay attention in classes that had built-in breaks.
If we value hard work and relaxation, we can challenge the short attention spans while still making school tolerable.
Endnote: Gates doesn’t actually recommend computer-only learning, if you read through the link. But the quote epitomizes the desire of learning technology. | <urn:uuid:3a9dc4f3-b148-48c0-a3fb-e170d4a73863> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://ideasandquotes.tumblr.com/tagged/innovation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703298047/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112138-00063-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940445 | 606 | 3.21875 | 3 |
The Future of Farming Goes Vertical
Apr 05, 2011
Farmland is being lost at an alarming rate across the entire world due to urbanization, desertification, and erosion. More than one acre of U.S. farmland was lost per minute from 2002 to 2007, due largely in part to development, according to the American Farmland Trust. The world’s population is set to hit 9.2 billion by 2050, according to the U.N., and crop production yields are not going to be able to increase fast enough to meet global demand.
In order to feed the world’s growing population and food needs, the traditional concept of farming may take a new direction. What if instead of expanding crop production on a horizontal level, as in expanding land, crop production is expanded in the other dimension, vertically?
The concept of vertical farming, which takes land expansion to the next dimension, was created by Prof. Dickenson Despommier of Columbia University. Vertical farms are large structures, like office buildings, where each level is filled with crop production. It can be thought of taking a greenhouse and stacking 25 of them on top of each other.
The concept behind vertical farming is to produce crops in an urban environment to feed city residents. Producing the crops near the end user is much more efficient and cuts down and transportation costs and pollution. The distance it takes for fruits and vegetables to travel to Chicago from where they are grown can be upwards of 2,000 miles.
All of the crops grown in vertical farms are planned to be grown hydroponically. Hydroponic means that plant roots sit in a material, like wall insulation, instead of soil. The roots are then exposed to a constant stream of nutrient rich water that is absorbed by plant roots. Researchers have discovered that plants can absorb mineral nutrients through water and soil is not essential to plant growth.
Hydroponics and vertical farming creates farmland without the need for soil while having the potential to produce 20 times the yield amount of outdoor practices using 1/10 the amount of water, according to Prof. Despommier. Vertical farms are capable of growing food year-round. As soon as a plant matures, another takes its place. There is no down time and since no soil is being used, crops can continually grow.
Vertical farms will also be used for water treatment, by taking in black city water and converting it to the water used in the hydroponic planting methods. The collected solid portion of the black water can be used as biofuel and burned to help generate electricity. In addition to using converted black water, vertical farms will collect water of evapotranspiration to create potable water.
No large scale vertical farms have been built yet, but architects have been busy creating concepts. Many of the concept buildings make use of wind turbines on their roofs alongside solar panels to help offset electricity needs.
Light will ultimately become a limiting factor for crop yields as light is not available to the entire vertical farm at the same time. Plants nearest to parameter windows will receive more sunlight than interior plants. A simple solution would be to add grow lights throughout the facility, but the costs associated with grow lights are too high. Many of the designs for vertical farms try to solve the issue of low light through creative design.
Cost will always be the underlining issue on new advances in farming, but when food supply levels get to the point where vertical farming is cost effective, there will be a race for new technologies. Building costs are difficult to estimate as there are not any comparable projects yet. Prof. Despommier estimates it would costs roughly $83 million for the total building costs. Below is the breakdown:
• Sub-structure and electro-chromic glass shell - $25,000,000
• 1000 ton Geothermal HVAC - $2,500,000
• 400 ton chiller + cooling tower - $500,000
• Biogas to fuel cell cogeneration facility - $11,000,000
• 800 kWh/day tracking photovoltaic array - $500,000
• 4,500 kW water-cooled lighting system - $2,000,000
• Energy infrastructure and automation systems - $35,000,000
• Living machine-based water recycling system - $500,000
• Floating garden hydroponic system - $1,700,000
• Office and laboratory facilities - $5,000,000
• Total Building Cost for vertical farming is around $83.7 million
Including maintenance and operations, total costs would reach $100 million. This sounds like a large number, but if commodity prices rise high enough, vertical farming may be costs effective due to its efficiency in yields and reduction in transportation costs.
The construction and maintenance of vertical farms will require a lot of human work in order to carry out all planting, harvesting, and maintenance involved with the farm. Job creation will be a large benefit of vertical farming.
The growing demand and high grain prices will demand new technologies, including vertical farming, but we don’t quite know when that day will come. Traditional farms cannot keep up with growing food demand and the concept of vertical farming is a great alternative method to grow fruits and vegetables.
Visit http://farmlandforecast.colvin-co.com for daily articles on farmland and agriculture. | <urn:uuid:4eafaa56-4f14-4621-871d-d6fe81920818> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.agweb.com/livestock/dairy/the-future-of-farming-goes-vertical/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706153698/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120913-00030-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940449 | 1,099 | 3.671875 | 4 |
Wildfires Threaten Patagonia Nature Reserve
The Ranch if Hopes (Estancia La Esperanza) is a 15,000 acre Patagonian Nature Reserve funded by the World Land Trust (WLT) and owned by the Fundación Patagonia Natural, WLT's partner organisation in Patagonia. The reserve was recently threatened by wildfires sweeping across the dry steppes as summer draws to a close in the southern hemisphere: a small area on the south western border was ablaze, and dozens of volunteers had turned out to try and beat it back.
The World Land Trust received a dramatic email from José Maria, director of Fundación Patagonia Natural (FPN). These photos were all taken by José Maria.
On Friday 14th February lightning strikes started 5 fires around Puerto Madryn city. One of the fires was less than 20km away from the ranch. By nightfall the fire had reached the edge of the reserve, burning about 2% of the land, but luckily 25 mm of rain then fell, extinguishing the fire.
No animals appear to have been lost to the fire, and the majority of the reserve escaped unscathed. One chulengo was injured, but was able to be returned to the wild the following day. The keep ranger, volunteers, and FPN staff, carried out some outstanding work during the fire, staying in a nervous watchfulness for 72 hours.
The Ranch of Hopes Patagonian Nature Reserve is the WLT's newest project. The ranch was purchased in 2001 and is home to a variety of rare and spectacular animals. Our project pages contain more information about the Patagonian Nature Reserve.
You can read more about the fire in WLT's press release, Wildfires threaten Patagonia Nature Reserve and in an article following up the event, Animals large and small rescued after Patagonia fire. | <urn:uuid:2f403901-5710-4e18-9f0b-c0d74f4b1ea4> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.worldlandtrust.org/news/2003/03/patagoniafire.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368707435344/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516123035-00013-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956933 | 385 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Daily News Archive
Keep People Out, But They Can’t Keep Pesticides In
Pesticides, the poisonous chemicals applied to agricultural fields to kill insects, weeds and other pests, regularly move off the fields they’re applied to and on to surrounding homes, yards, businesses and waterways, a problem known as “pesticide drift.” For Edna Williams of Elizabeth City, NC and many other North Carolinians who live, work, drive, or go to school near sprayed fields, the chemical smell and respiratory irritation from pesticide drift are all too familiar during peak agricultural seasons. Pesticide residues from crop dusters drift on to Edna Williams’ Elizabeth City home from the surrounding fields almost daily during the summer months.
More than just an annoyance, exposure to pesticide residues from drift poses serious health risks, especially for children, pregnant women, and other vulnerable populations. One-time exposure to many common pesticides can cause poisoning symptoms like dizziness, skin and eye irritation, and respiratory distress. Exposure to pesticides over time has been linked to increased risk of asthma, reproductive disorders like miscarriage or decreased fertility, birth defects, developmental and learning disorders, and some forms of cancer.
North Carolina has regulations against pesticide drift, but since drift incidents often go un-reported, drift continues to pose a serious threat to the health and safety of NC’s rural residents.
If you live in North Carolina, to get help reporting pesticide drift and protect yourself and your family, call the Drift Watch Hotline toll-free at 1-877-NO-DRIFT. The hotline is operated by PESTed, which offers assistance in English and Spanish, and regardless of the caller’s legal status in the United States. For those outside of North Carolina, call Beyond Pesticides at 202-543-5450. | <urn:uuid:7e4bc1c9-f2fc-4fc1-a733-c38c699b21ff> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.beyondpesticides.org/news/daily_news_archive/2004/04_09_04.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703298047/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112138-00002-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939882 | 378 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Scripture: Lectionary #456. Job 3:1-3.11-17.20-23. Psalm 88:2-3.4-5.6.7-8. Luke 9:51-56:
Job is a wisdom book. The inspired author situates Job outside of the Promised Land and permits him to speak ideas and feelings that a righteous person under the Torah would have difficulty voicing. This enables the inspired writer to make the reader think about the tragedies in life that can call into question our reliance and trust in God. Such thoughts are disturbing and yet they creep into our minds filling them with doubts and our hearts flooding them with sorrow and despair.
Job complains about his being born. It would have been better for him to have been a stillborn. He longs for the end of his life since he has lost everything he owned and even his sons and daughters. The man Job is always pictured sitting on a dung heap with rags and ashes strewed over his weary body. These sufferings are just too much for him a man who “had it all.”
Our Psalm perfectly captures the pain and desperate prayer Job lofts toward the heavens. Our Psalmist experiences the same as Job and puts it into a prayer, a psalm. Thus in many respects this is a poem that is similar to the ordeals of Job. Most commentators see it as the saddest psalm among the 150 psalms. The description of death and Sheol (the gloomy underworld of shadows of people) is expressed seventeen times within this hymn of lamentation. Oesterly, a scholar, says, “the psalm is written with the very heart’s blood of the poet.”
In our continued reading and dedication to the Bible, we start to realize that it is a story of ourselves. It reflects on all of the dimensions of life and we can eventually find ourselves within its verses. It helps us despite the human condition it reflects to rise above sufferings and death and to believe in a God who loves, forgives, and eventually brings us home to live. Both Job and the Psalms are at the heart of our experiences good and bad. The scroll of the Psalms and Job are called “Writings” in the Hebrew canon of sacred books. God “writes with crooked lines” in many of these works; nothing is always just right and easy in life. We struggle on. Jerome encourages us to keep reading and studying and praying the Scriptures. “Whoever is ignorant of the Scriptures is ignorant of
Christ (and God).”
Jesus goes through these trials of life for our sake. He shows us the way to endure and to trust in the God who loves and forgives. As he goes up toward Jerusalem the Samaritans do not allow him and his disciples to take the shorter way to the holy city. This angers James and John who manifest their own way of handling things which are not the way of God. They are not good examples here for us nor are they helpful to Jesus as he has his heart and mind and soul fixed on what will happen in Jerusalem. It will take his final days with them and his death on the cross to accept him as their Messiah—one who suffers and dies. Yet, he conquers sin, death, and evil. Job says it well in the end, “ But I know that my Redeemer liveth, And that at last he will appear on earth. Even after my skin hath been torn from my flesh, Still I will cherish the hope that I shall see God. The heart in my bosom pineth That I may see Him, a champion in my behalf, That my eyes may see Him, and not as an enemy.” (Job 19:25-27). It is interesting that the chapter and numbers are the same at Jesus death with his Mother Mary at the foot of the cross. (John 19:25-27). Amen.
Copyright 2012 Fr. Bertrand Buby, S.M. | <urn:uuid:9faf2978-8a06-4e79-9a36-991d046308c3> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://catholicmom.com/2012/10/02/daily-scriptures-reflection-for-10212-memorial-of-the-guardian-angels/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368708766848/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125246-00008-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970211 | 839 | 2.484375 | 2 |
"It isn't natural for you to be younger than your great-grandchildren. We messed around with nature, and we shouldn't have." |
Melly and Anny Beth both lived normal lives throughout the twentieth century. But in 2000, when they are old and ready to die, they are selected to participate in Project Turnabout and are given an injection to make them grow younger. At some point these participants are to receive another injection, which will stop the unaging process.
But everyone who receives the second shot dies.
Now, in 2085, Melly and Anny Beth are both in their teens and living on their own. They know they will need someone to take care of them when they grow too young to care for themselves. Time is running out.
In this spellbinding race against time, award-winning author Margaret Peterson Haddix explores a scientific experiment gone wrong, and the morality of immortality. | <urn:uuid:0a81d301-7e5b-4cca-bc3c-5c135fb4b980> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.scifan.com/titles/title.asp?TI_titleid=6382 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368710006682/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516131326-00070-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970315 | 189 | 1.78125 | 2 |
FALESHTY (Rom. Făleşti), town in Bessarabia, today Republic of Moldova. In 1817, the community numbered 176 families (out of a total of 364 families) and 4,518 persons (68% of the total population) in 1897. As the czarist legislation restricting Jewish settlement in border areas (see *Russia) applied to Faleshty, the Jews were frequently expelled from the town on the grounds that they were living there illegally. In 1887 a society for settlement in Ereẓ Israel was established in Faleshty, and with the assistance of funds provided by Baron Edmond de *Rothschild, 25 families settled in 1887 in Kastina (*Be'er Toviyyah). In 1925, 106 Jewish families in Faleshty were occupied in agriculture, farming an area of 1,025 hectares. The Jewish population numbered 3,258 in 1930 (51.7% of the total).
The Romanian withdrawal in 1940 took place without incident. The incoming Soviet authorities established a Yiddish-language secondary school, but on June 19, 1941, exiled all Zionists and businessmen to Siberia. Most of the exiles survived the war; some returned and settled in the larger towns or went to Israel, while others remained in Siberia.
An aerial bombardment at the beginning of the war (June 21, 1941) caused the first Jewish casualties. Those who had horses at their disposal quickly fled the town, while others followed on foot. A few succeeded in crossing the Dniester with Russian help and escaped from there into the interior of the U.S.S.R. Most of the fleeing Jews, however, were caught on the way by Romanian-German forces and put to death. On June 27 Faleshty was taken over by German troops, who were also joined by Italian forces. The local population and peasants from the surrounding villages collaborated with the occupying forces in robbing and burning Jewish property and murdering the Jews. Romanian troops arrived at a later date and stepped up the murderous campaign. The Jews were concentrated in a ghetto raised at the town's entrance, to which the Jews of other places in the vicinity were brought. The young people were put on forced labor; at night they were imprisoned in the great synagogue and there German and Romanian troops assaulted the women among them. The others were driven out of the ghetto and forced to walk to a nearby village, Limbenii Noui, where many died of disease and starvation. In September the survivors were again deported, this time to the Mǎrculeşti camp. In October those who were still able to walk were expelled to *Transnistria, where practically all of them either succumbed to the inhuman conditions or were murdered by soldiers. One group of Faleshty Jews, including the town's rabbi, Ihiel Flam, were taken to a river in mid-winter, forced to break the ice, strip, and throw themselves into the freezing waters. Only a very small number of Faleshty's Jews survived the war.
Eynikeyt (March 6, 1945).
Source: Encyclopaedia Judaica. © 2008 The Gale Group. All Rights Reserved. | <urn:uuid:6b3d6060-2205-46d9-bfdd-4c41ac025039> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0006_0_06251.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709037764/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125717-00026-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980588 | 665 | 3.296875 | 3 |
In addition to the videos I recorded of Connie Hedegaard’s keynote speech at the start of the World Future Energy Summit (part of Abu Dhabi Sustainability Week, hosted by Masdar), I also got to sit down with her after her speech, ask her a few questions, and videotape it all. My initial question (not included in the video) was about the EU’s 2020 CO2 emissions reduction target — in particular, whether or not the push for an increase in the target from 20% to 30% might soon meet success; if it seemed that it might be possible to soon convince some of the blocking countries (most notably Poland) to get on the bandwagon. As mentioned in the video, studies have shown that Poland would actually experience a net economic benefit from an increased target. Here’s the video:
All of Connie’s points were excellent. She’s one of the best around. But some of my favorite points she made in this interview were:
- There are a ton of different ways to make climate action progress; if we run into difficulty with one, that doesn’t mean we can’t change the way we’re addressing the problem and still make significant progress.
- We need to make it very clear to people that there are huge costs to “doing nothing,” or business as usual. She made this point very well in her speech, as you’ll soon see. In short, we need to really draw people’s attention to the cost of superstorms like Sandy, flooding that makes billions of people evacuate their homes and causes trillions of dollars in property and economic damage, droughts and heat waves that destroy crops and drive up the price of food, dwindling water supplies in the midst of a growing global population, and more.
- We also need to think and discuss in a more integrated, holistic way. With regards to climate change and clean energy, we need to also focus on the tremendous economic benefits and job growth that comes with a clean energy revolution, the tremendous health benefits, and the tremendous quality of life benefits in general.
Those were the key points I got from the interview. And simply that Connie totally rocks! More to add?
For more content from Abu Dhabi Sustainability Week, check out our archive pages for Abu Dhabi Sustainability Week, for the World Future Energy Summit, and/or for the International Renewable Energy Conference.
Full Disclosure: my trip to Abu Dhabi Sustainability Week was funded by Masdar. That said, I was completely free to cover what I wanted throughout the week, and at no point did I feel under pressure to cover any specific events or Masdar in any particular way.
I'm the director of CleanTechnica, the most popular clean energy website in the world, and Planetsave, a leading green and science news site. I've been covering green news of various sorts since 2008, and I've been especially focused on solar energy, electric vehicles, bicycling, and wind energy for the past few years. You can also find my work on Scientific American, Reuters, Think Progress, GE's ecomagination site, several sites in the Important Media network, & many other places. To connect on some of your favorite social networks, go to zacharyshahan.com or click on some of the links below. | <urn:uuid:a76ba5e3-b706-444a-b626-fc52a52bb608> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://cleantechnica.com/2013/01/20/connie-hedegaard-eu-2020-renewable-energy-target-climate-change/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709037764/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125717-00012-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957474 | 695 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Lemon curd is so delicious, so luscious, and so versatile that I'm sure it's what all good lemons aspire to be when they grow up. We can thank the English for this bright yellow curd with its tart, vibrant flavor, as well as for the wonderful notion of spreading it on scones hot out of the oven.
Made by gently cooking a mixture of fresh lemon juice, sugar, butter, and eggs until thickened, lemon curd is also divine on buttered toast, a simple and perfect way to appreciate the curd's cool, satiny texture. It makes an easy and delicious filling for tarts, cakes, and cookies. And a dollop of lemon curd tastes delicious with a piece of gingerbread or a slice of pound cake; its tart lemon flavor counters the spiciness of the former and the sweet richness of the latter. Pair it with a piece of thick Scottish shortbread and you'll appreciate how lemon curd can transform a simple, somewhat homely cookie into something wonderful.
A foolproof method makes the smoothest lemon curd
Lemon curd is easy to prepare, except for one pesky problem: it sometimes winds up with bits of cooked and curdled egg. This problem is especially common in curds that use whole eggs as well as egg yolks. Because the eggs whites cook at a lower temperature, they're more prone to coagulation. These cooked bits don't ruin the flavor of the curd, but a smooth texture will require careful straining, and quite a bit of the mixture can get lost in the process. It's also rather alarming, especially for the uninitiated, to see those white lumps form during cooking.
For years I tried to find a method that eliminated the need for straining the curd. I tried cooking the sauce in a double boiler, cooking it in a heavy saucepan, adding some of the hot liquid to the eggs to temper them, whisking the mixture, using more eggs, using fewer eggs. I thought of eliminating the whole eggs altogether and using just the yolks as some cooks do (since the whites are more troublesome), but I prefer the lighter, almost custardy results I get from using whole eggs. When I finally found the answer, it wasn't in my kitchen. It was at my hair salon.
I was getting my hair cut when my hairdresser, Mary Jane, told me that when she made my recipe for lemon curd, it didn't need any straining. There were none of the cooked egg-white particles I had warned her about. As she cut my hair, we went over how she made the curd. By the time we were finished, I had a new recipe for lemon curd as well as a new haircut.
Instead of simply combining the ingredients in the pan on the stove as most lemon curd recipes call for, Mary Jane mixed the ingredients as if she were making a cake. She creamed the butter and sugar until fluffy, beat in the eggs slowly, and only then did she add the lemon juice. The method works every time: the curd thickens properly, becomes satiny-smooth, and there's not one drop of cooked egg to strain.
Beating the eggs with the butter and sugar makes the curd especially smooth. This method eliminates the small bits of cooked egg that usually require straining.
Don't panic at the curdled appearance right after mixing; it will become satiny-smooth as it cooks. | <urn:uuid:21930848-6d86-437b-b0e0-916c591c035b> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.finecooking.com/articles/foolproof-lemon-curd-method.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704132298/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113532-00073-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970302 | 726 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Ireland and the Industrial Revolution
The impact of the industrial revolution on Irish industry, 1801-1922
Published April 27th 2009 by Routledge – 274 pages
This monograph provides the first comprehensive analysis of industrial development in Ireland and its impact on Irish society between 1801-1922. Studies of Irish industrial history to date have been regionally focused or industry specific.
The book addresses this problem by bringing together the economic and social dimensions of Irish industrial history during the Union between Ireland and Great Britain. In this period, British economic and political influences on Ireland were all pervasive, particularly in the industrial sphere as a consequence of the British industrial revolution.
By making the Irish industrial story more relevant to a wider national and international audience and by adopting a more multi-disciplinary approach which challenges many of the received wisdoms derived from narrow regional or single industry studies - this book will be of interest to economic historians across the globe as well as all those interested in Irish history more generally.
Introduction Part One: The lead sector in the industrialization of Ulster 1. The evolution of the linen industry prior to mechanization: 1700-1825 2. Transition: The first generation of wet spinners 1825-1850 3. The high watermark of the Ulster linen and clothing industry 1850- 1914 Part Two: Southern comfort, the food and drink industries 4. Food processing 5. Drink and tobacco Part Three: Missing links? Engineering, shipbuilding and the dearth of mineral wealth 6. Mining, iron, engineering 7. Shipbuilding: an exception to the rule? Part Four: Construction and the Irish economy 8. The timber trade and the Irish building industry
Andy Bielenberg is Statutory Lecturer in Economic History at the National University of Ireland, Cork | <urn:uuid:cdac9370-a05f-44e1-bac1-6659a09ef360> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.psypress.com/books/details/9780415448468/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703682988/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112802-00064-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.900038 | 356 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Lithic analysis might sort artifacts into different kinds of stone tools, such as knives, points, drills. The waste flakes from making stone tools are also sorted. The raw material is described, and where it might have been obtained. This tells us about different kinds of activities, trade and technology.
Flakes are the waste products of making a stone tool. Flakes have very sharp edges and were often used as cutting tools. Each flake will have a bulb of percussion at the place where the flake was hit. This is similar to what happens when a rock hitting glass forms a cone.
A variety of stone tools were used, including knives, scrapers, drills, and tools used in the manufacture of other tools (hammerstones, cores). Tools were either bifaces that were worked on both sides (top and bottom), such as knives or projectile points, or unifaces, such as scrapers or utilized flakes that were worked on only one side of the artifact.
Projectile points are chipped (flintknapped) stones such as spear tips or arrowheads. They have changed shape and size over time. These changes have been well documented by archaeologists, and sites can be dated by the style of point found at a site.
Size, shape and design of points changes, particularly the base and haft area. There may be stems that expand or contract, notches that angle in from the corner or come straight in from the site. The base may be flat across or curved in or out, and may be ground smooth.
Most stone tools are made of chert or flint, quartzite, quartz, or chalcedony. These stones are fine-grained, break in a predictable manner, and yield sharp edges. The best materials were highly valued and were traded widely. We have found flakes of obsidian that came from Yellowstone Park in Wyoming all the way to Wisconsin. Usage of specific raw materials changes through time, and can be used to trace trade networks and population movements.
Making a Spear or Arrow
Although the wood for the spears and arrows has not survived, we have found abraders used for straightening and smoothing the shafts. Based on modern experiments, it seems likely that making the wooden shafts would have taken longer than making the stone tips. The wood would need to be trimmed, straightened, and smoothed, then carefully ground till it had the right balance. Fletching made from turkey or other feathers was added to improve flight.
Spear or Arrow?
For the first 10,000 years on this continent, people used spears. Sometimes an atlatl or spearthrower was used to give extra power and distance to the throw. The atlatl is a long stick with a hook at the end to catch the end of the spear and provide extra leverage when throwing it. The bow and arrow were first made in the Late Woodland period after 750 AD. At this time, points become much smaller, and are typically triangular.
Ground Stone analysis
Sometimes stone was pecked and ground to make axes to cut wood, or manos and metates to grind food. These tools were often made of igneous rock such as granite or basalt. Grinding stones might also be made of limestone. Igneous rocks might also be used as hammerstones in flintknapping | <urn:uuid:faa4231b-d297-44cc-9ab0-5e2c0a337749> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.uwlax.edu/MVAC/ProcessArch/ProcessArch/lab_lithic.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700958435/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516104238-00022-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976859 | 686 | 4.03125 | 4 |
Nazi Germany's invasion of the Netherlands in May 1940 marked the beginning of five years of terror for the Dutch people. They faced oppression and death with remarkable stoicism, but nothing could save them from the Hunger Winter of 1944-5, when more than 30,000 people died of starvation.
In this time of unimaginable despair, Canada came to the rescue, playing the largest role in liberating the Netherlands and ending the Nazi reign of terror. The Canadians gave the Dutch freedom - and food - and out of such dark times an eternal friendship was forged.
Told through interviews with Dutch survivors and Canadian veterans, Canada and the Liberation of the Netherlands, May 1945 delves into this little known chapter of history. | <urn:uuid:edb97ff9-07a1-4e83-ab21-2e4b5f7c7319> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.amazon.ca/Canada-Liberation-Netherlands-May-1945/dp/1550025473 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368711005985/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516133005-00016-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96548 | 142 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Mr. Potts died at Mayfair Manor in Lexington, where he had been living since developing health problems, his family said.
Mr. Potts was 36 when he came to the Fayette County Schools from Chattanooga, where he had been assistant superintendent of the city schools.
An Ohio native, he arrived in Lexington at a time when some Fayette schools were running double sessions to cope with overcrowding. He spent the next several years campaigning for higher taxes to improve the system.
In the late 1960s, Mr. Potts coordinated the merger of the county and city school districts, essentially doubling the size of the system overnight. He was credited with keeping the new system in the black, upgrading old schools, building new ones and introducing innovations.
For example, Fayette County schools were the first in Kentucky to develop procedures to identify students with learning disabilities. Mr. Potts promoted other ideas such as offering honors programs at junior high schools.
But some critics saw the superintendent as a stern, sometimes blustering leader who was quick to tell opponents just what he thought.
"I'm very outspoken," Mr. Potts said when he retired in 1984. "I say whatever I have to say to whomever it needs to be said. ... If I offended anyone, I'm sorry."
But associates said Thursday that there was another side to Mr. Potts.
"He came across publicly so many times as being gruff, but what many people missed was that he was so compassionate," said Joe David Martin, former assistant personnel director for the county district. Martin said Mr. Potts frequently told Martin to do things "on the QT" to help people, and often they were individuals with whom the superintendent had clashed.
"I guess he felt like he had to have that exterior if he was going to enforce policies consistently," Martin said. "It was rather like Harry Truman. The buck stopped on his desk, and he wanted it to stop exactly the same way for every situation." ...
Friday, March 16, 2012
Guy S. Potts, Fayette schools superintendent from 1961-1984, dies at age 87
This from the Herald-leader: | <urn:uuid:1c32bfc8-4952-40c4-8c87-0256c989d796> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://theprincipal.blogspot.com/2012/03/guy-s-potts-fayette-schools.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698207393/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095647-00026-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.989931 | 444 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Our name is representative of our personal history, and our story.
Like most, I was given a name when I was born. My name represented who I was—daughter of Liz and Bob, sister of John, Jeff and Jim.
When I married, I dropped my surname and took my husband’s, representing my relationship to him. Although I was proud to be known as my husband’s wife (a new layer of identity), I felt somewhat wishy-washy, ambivalent, about my name change.
After decades of being Judy____, I was now identified as Judy Miller. That was an adjustment. I worked full-time and was concerned that my clients wouldn’t know me by my new moniker, so I hyphenated the two surnames. My understanding husband supported me; however my three brothers felt otherwise. They assured that our family name would be carried on through their sons, if they had them (they did). They didn’t understand that carrying on the family name held little importance to me; my name recognition was about business relations and the bottom line.
The importance and significance of names began to change when Mark and I were to become parents. We spent months of hours-deep thought and discussion into the naming of our oldest.
Mark and I went through this same process with each new addition into our family. Each time we thought about how our child’s name would be perceived by peers and adults; we tried to picture our infants as children, teens, young adults, parents, and grandparents.
We considered how their name might affect them in school, as an adolescent and as an adult. How their name might stand out, might not “match” them. How would they be perceived professionally? What would kids shorten it to? What nicknames might be created out of their name? How would kids taunt our child?
Celtic favorites were dismissed. We adopted our daughters from China and our son from Guatemala. We felt it was of utmost importance that we keep their birth/given names because they linked them directly to their birth identities. We also decided to give our kids family names—one from my side and one from my Mark’s, claiming our kids as our children and weaving them into our family. We felt doing this would be an initial step, the foundation of merging their birth and adopted identities, critical for a healthy future.
Each of my kids understands the significance of their names and how they came to be called what they are called. We continue to struggle with sports, school and government forms, writing really small to get an entire name on the line or in the box. But it is important to include all of their name it because it represents that child. | <urn:uuid:e82a05de-83d2-4797-a086-93a468efa04a> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://theinternationalmom.wordpress.com/2011/05/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697380733/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516094300-00009-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.98773 | 562 | 2.21875 | 2 |
What if you were so stressed that you wanted to scream, but had nowhere to scream?
You had no voice. This is how we feel as individuals in our Meridian Connection group. The group is where persons with a mental illness can come for support. We have legitimate mental health care concerns to deal with every day.
But now the Mississippi Division of Medicaid is expanding managed care (MSCANS) to include mental health services.
This means that the managed care system removes decision making power from psychiatrists, patients, and family members – placing the power in the hands of managed care companies who typically profit by trimming mental health services by use of Prior Authorizations.
DOM is also cutting costs by closing Clubhouses, places where mentally ill persons can go to “scream” instead of hurting themselves or others. MSCANS wants people on certain medications to cut their dose in half. Other programs for the mentally ill are being cut, too.
The Connection groups will still go on, because they are part of NAMI (National Alliance on Mental Illness) and we will continue to fight. Let your voice be heard – tell your legislators to reverse the mental health care portion of HB-421.
Jill R. Walsh | <urn:uuid:bc6007d4-2bf7-42c6-a220-f74ac6bbd0d4> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://djournal.com/view/education_matters_full/21815444/article-YOUR-OPINION--Letter-to-the-editor | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700264179/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516103104-00041-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970075 | 251 | 1.625 | 2 |
Several fires are now burning on the Arizona Strip on public lands, which are administered by the Bureau of Land Management.
Officials said they were all sparked by lightning strikes Wednesday afternoon and continue to burn.
The fire at the Hobble Complex has charred about 35,000 acres, as of Friday afternoon, and the Plateau Fire has burned about 4,500 acres.
Nine of the remaining 13 fires are burning on the Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument, and another fire is burning on the Arizona Strip Field Office.
Officials said Thursday's weather caused significant smoke to travel north into St. George.
For more information on these wildfires, tune in tonight to CBS 5 News at 5 p.m. and 6:30 p.m.
Copyright 2012 CBS 5 (Meredith Corporation). All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:32c92021-d5c0-4c2b-bc2b-7fa7dc7d1f56> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.kpho.com/story/19020513/lightning-strikes-spark-several-wildfires-in-arizona | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704713110/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516114513-00026-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938612 | 166 | 1.710938 | 2 |
On the challenging journey to becoming a podiatric physician, there are many beginnings and endings. As soon as you cross one hurdle, another is right around the corner.
By this time in one’s career, there have been many graduations, ranging from kindergarten through graduate school. With each graduation, there is a huge sense of accomplishment. However, you realize there is much more to achieve and graduation is just the first step. Post-graduate training is no different. For many, it is the final form of organized education that they will encounter. States have various regulations in regard to the amount of post-graduate training needed to obtain licensing but each state requires some degree of practical training after one earns the doctor of podiatric medicine degree.
Residency is unique in that while there are general required rotations, there is ample opportunity to tailor your learning. It is similar to a liberal arts college in that you must meet certain general education requirements in order to graduate but you are able to choose from a myriad of courses. Ultimately, it is your responsibility to select the courses most valuable to your overall educational experience and future professional endeavors. Although podiatric residencies were established to augment the knowledge and skills needed in order to practice within this specialty, residents have the opportunity to explore any subspecialty within the discipline.
In addition, hospitals provide an abundance of resources accessible to their residents. This may vary depending on the size and type of institution but regardless of the resources available at the healthcare system itself, there are other ways to capitalize on your learning as a resident.
Most hospitals provide on-site lectures and conferences offered by different medical departments and many times, they overlap with scenarios that podiatrists commonly face. Furthermore, hospitals may provide continuing medical education funds for residents to use toward the purchase of educational materials.
More specifically, one may purchase tuition toward educational seminars and hands-on workshops or essential textbooks with these funds. Residents generally have autonomy in deciding how to utilize these funds as one can determine what will be most beneficial. It is not a bad idea to inquire with other colleagues about their recommendations and experiences regarding study materials and conferences they have previously attended.
As an added bonus, organizations frequently offer discounted membership and attendance fees to students and residents in training. It is a well-known fact that salaries during residency are not particularly excessive. As a result, outside sources such as independent companies may provide financial support toward educational opportunities for resident physicians. This is a symbiotic relationship as exposure to certain products may inadvertently preempt their usage. However, ethics come into play and you must decide to do what is right for your patients in all circumstances.
There are many moments when I miss the convenience of an on-campus library dedicated solely to podiatry reference materials and having unlimited access to journals via my previous university’s electronic library. Tuition is costly so it is not a bad idea to take advantage of every resource at your disposal. Another excellent benefit of being a student was the access to an abundance of physicians skilled both in academia and clinical practice, all under one building. There were also many visits from guest lecturers who are experts in the field.
Senioritis is a common phenomenon experienced when individuals approach the end of an educational experience. Avoid this as much as possible. Residency is the last opportunity to practice with a lot of freedom. You have the opportunity to try multiple products, have discounted access to various learning resources and have an entire hospital right at your fingertips. Although it always feels reassuring to move on to the next phase, live in the moment and take advantage of what you are offered now.
After completing residency, access to information may decrease. While in private practice, you are your sole source of information. The constant flow of ideas diminishes as you are not around as many podiatric physicians or physicians in-training as you were during school and residency. Accordingly, it is very important to attend conferences, and read and discuss cases and concepts with colleagues. Also, it may be a good idea to become an attending for a residency program or give lectures to students, residents, other healthcare professionals or community members.
A good physician is a lifelong learner and educator who takes maximum advantage of the resources available each step of the way.
Dr. Ryans is a third-year resident at SSM DePaul Health Center in St. Louis.
Dr. McCord retired in December 2008 from practice at the Centralia Medical Center in Centralia, Wash. | <urn:uuid:761d2cda-dfbb-4d41-8c53-f4fae60c6c47> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.podiatrytoday.com/print/3412 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709037764/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125717-00049-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971765 | 906 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Winner of Muhr AsiaAfrica / Documentary /Muhr AsiaAfrica Documentary – Special Mention: Anand Patwardhan (Director)
Dalits have faced caste oppression in India for more than 2,000 years. In 1997 police opened fire on unarmed Dalits killing 10. Vilas Ghogre, a leftist poet and singer, hanged himself in protest. Shot over 14 years, the meticulous "Jai Bhim Comrade" follows the music and the tradition of reason that Vilas had been a part of.
Cast & Credits
- Director: Anand Patwardhan | <urn:uuid:b97cbd6a-ab91-4b56-9c2c-97140eca9775> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.dubaifilmfest.com/en/films/detail/jai-bhim-comrade/15445/2011 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705195219/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115315-00067-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.900861 | 125 | 1.78125 | 2 |
The Hindu : News / National : Tamil-Brahmi script found at Pattanam in Kerala
A Tamil-Brahmi script on a pot rim, reading “a ma na”, meaning a Jaina, has been found at Pattanam in Ernakulam district, Kerala, establishing that Jainism was prevalent on the west coast at least from second century CE (Common Era). The script can be dated to circa second century CE. The three Tamil-Brahmi letters are followed by two symbols generally called Megalithic graffiti and these two symbols could not be identified. This is the third Tamil-Brahmi script to be found in the Pattanam excavations.
The Kerala Council for Historical Research (KCHR) has been conducting excavations at Pattanam since 2007, with the approval of the Archaeological Survey of India. The pot-rim was found during the sixth season of the excavation currently under way. Pattanam is now identified as the thriving port called Muziris by the Romans. Tamil Sangam literature celebrates it as Muciri.
P.J. Cherian, Director of the Pattanam excavations, said: “The discovery, in the Kerala context, has a great significance because of the dearth of evidence so far of the pre-Brahminical past of Kerala, especially in relation to the socio-cultural and religious life of the people. We have direct evidence from Pattanam now with the Brahmi script which mentions “a ma na” [Jaina] and so we have evidence that Jainism and Buddhism were extensively practised in Kerala.”
Iravatham Mahadevan, a scholar in Indus and Tamil-Brahmi scripts, said the discovery showed that “there was Jainism on the west coast at least from second century CE. The importance of the finding is that it stratigraphically corroborates the earlier datings given to the Tamil-Brahmi cave inscriptions in Tamil Nadu on palaeographic evidence. I will date this sherd, on palaeographic evidence, to circa second century CE.”
The Tamil word “a ma na” meaning a Jaina was derived from Sanskrit Sramana via Prakrit Samana and Tamil Camana, said Mr. Mahadevan. The two megalithic graffiti, following the three Tamil-Brahmi letters, could not be identified. “But we know from similar finds in Tamil Nadu, especially at Kodumanal, that Tamil-Brahmi letters and megalithic graffiti symbols occur side by side,” he said. Mr. Mahadevan was sure that “many more exciting finds will be made at Muciri [Pattanam] which was a flourishing port on the west coast during the Sangam age in Tamil Nadu, which coincided with the classical period in the West.”
Mr. Cherian, who is also Director of KCHR, said the discovery “excites me as an excavator because it was for the first time we are getting direct evidence relating to a religious system or faith in Kerala.” The pot might have belonged to a Jaina monk. The broken rim with the script was found at a depth of two metres in trench 29 in the early historical layer which “by our stratigraphic understanding could belong to third-second CE period,” he said. The associated finds included amphora sherds, iron nails, and beads among others.
In a trial trench laid earlier at Pattanam by Professor V. Selvakumar, Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology and Epigraphy, Tamil University, Thanjavur and K.P. Shajan of KCHR, a pot-sherd with the Tamil-Brahmi letters reading “ur pa ve o” was found. Later, another Tamil-Brahmi script with the letters “ca ta [n]” was found. Mr. Mahadevan praised the Pattanam excavations as “the best conducted excavations in south India.” He said it was “a potentially important site and excavations are being done in a competent way by Mr. Cherian and his team from the KCHR and they have involved experts from around the world.” | <urn:uuid:3b2c4b65-6efc-40e0-a178-9e5d369959ab> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://ddkosambi.blogspot.com/2011/03/tamil-brahmi-script-found-at-pattanam.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368701852492/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516105732-00020-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966086 | 899 | 2.984375 | 3 |
1) Mr. Oktar, we would first like to hear your views on the history and present status of Islam in Turkey.
Ever since becoming Muslim the Turkish nation has been tightly devoted to Allah, the Qur’an, the Prophet (saas) and the laws of Islam. It served as the standard bearer of Islam for 600 years during the time of the Ottoman Empire and strove to spread the moral values and civilization of Islam. After converting to Islam it exhibited an enormous loyalty to the faith and spiritual values, no matter what the prevailing circumstances. There has been significant improvement and development in terms of awareness of this in Turkey as a whole in recent times. For example, in the 1970s the level of believers in Darwinism in Turkey stood at around 80%. Recent surveys now reveal the exact opposite. Turkey has the lowest level of belief in Darwinism in the world. Ninety percent of the population believe in Allah and creation, and absolutely reject Darwinism. This is a very high figure and reveals a most important truth: The Turkish nation is well informed regarding Darwinism--the foundation of irreligion and irreligious ideologies. By Allah’s leave, that awareness will lead to happy times for Turkey and all its neighbors in the region.
2) Some 90% of the population are Muslim, but Turkey is governed under a secular system. Why is that?
The moral values of the Qur’an command people to be understanding, compassionate and patient. As a requirement of those moral values, the Turkish nation is a very moderate and patient one. It is impossible, therefore, for it to go to extremes no matter what is going on. However, it is of course important to establish an environment in which society as a whole can be happier and more at ease, freely able to express its thoughts, and live and think freely. Believers and unbelievers must both be able to say what they think and live as they wish. People from all sections of society must respect one another’s beliefs, thoughts and life styles. When that is brought about a climate of great well-being and prosperity will result. Everyone will be able to make equal use of that freedom. Secularism must be the kind of secularism that brings this about, and this conception of secularism is the guarantee of religious freedom.
I want the best of all things, I want Turkey to be wealthy and its people to be happy. When we go out I want us to greet one another, to eat together and be friends. I do not want a Turkey in which people fear one another, in which they avert their eyes and are ill at ease, pessimistic regarding the future. I desire a wealthy, powerful, great Turkey.
3) The headscarf is a powerful symbol in Turkey. There has been an enormous debate about it. What do you think about it?
Girls who wear the headscarf do so as a requirement of their beliefs. These young girls are honest and innocent believers. No harm can come of their going to school, and no problems can result from it. All kinds of worry must be eliminated in order for social peace to be established. That is a responsibility incumbent upon all of us. Girls who wear the headscarf should not have to worry whether they can study or not, and those who do not wear it should not have worries, either. That is why the tolerance, understanding and love brought with them by Qur’anic moral values need to be fully explained. It must be made clear that there can be no force or compulsion in the religion. The freedom of thought that the religious morality brings with it must be emphasized. In fact, it is the lack of love that lies at the root of all disagreements. There is no matter on which agreement cannot be established if people genuinely love one another and are sympathetic to one another, no matter what their ideas, beliefs and origins.
4) What were the real aims behind the court case brought against the Justice and Development Party (AKP)? The Western media regarded the AKP victory as a triumph for democracy. What do you think?
The Constitutional Court decision was of course a most important one. Prohibition, oppression and the use of force are not the modern way of doing things. Bans of that kind happened during Stalin’s time and Hitler’s time. There is no need to ban any idea so long as it does not involve violence, separatist and harmful acts or encourage terror and the killing of innocent people. All decisions taken are of course auspicious for Muslims. Had the AKP been closed, that would also have been for the best. But Allah ordained it should not be closed, and that was auspicious, inshaAllah.
5) You have called for an Islamic Union. I believe that Muslim countries have more in common than the nations of the EU. Could you set out your blueprint? What does such a union need? What form should it take? What problems are involved in setting up an Islamic Union, and how can these be overcome?
For one thing, it will be a union of love. The basis of the union will be love, altruism, an eagerness to help, compassion, tolerance, understanding and reconciliation. The Qur’an commands that the Islamic world should be as one. Allah describes Muslims as “well-built walls.” Unity among Muslims is the first condition for escaping poverty. The second is the genuine implementation of Islamic moral values. That means love, compassion, affection and mutual aid. A Muslim can have no thirst for material things nor long for the things of this world. Once union and unity are established Muslims will regard one another as brothers, members of the same family. Wealth and prosperity will come about spontaneously when these obligations are put into practice. In other words, there is no need for any special, extra effort. The solution lies in Muslims sincerely loving one another, being one another’s friends and thinking the best of one another. There is no need for Muslims to deal with minor details when their issues can be resolved on a larger scale. It is important for there to be unity among Muslims, and Islamic countries are already rich in oil, mineral and human terms. All they need do is come together, love one another and work in a rational manner. In that event, inshaAllah, things will be as they were in the time of the Prophet Sulayman (as). An age of wealth and abundance will then ensue.
6) What do you think of the Iranian administration and its position in the region as a Muslim country?
I love my Iranian brothers, and I regard Iran as a powerful country with a deep-rooted civilization. The Iranian people are true believers, who live that faith with great joy and verve. Let me also say that I am descended from the blessed Ali (ra) and the blessed Hasan (ra). I am a Sayyid; I am descended from the Prophet’s (saas) line. My ancestors fled the corruption of the time of Hulagu and sought refuge in the hills, reaching as far as the Caucasus. They then moved to Bala in the province of Ankara, Turkey. In other words, I am descended from the blessed Ali (ra). I love him with all my heart, of course. He was a most blessed and glorious individual. We must see the goodness and wisdom in everything these people did. We must respect the behavior of both the blessed Aisha (ra), and the blessed Ali (ra). By Allah’s leave, they are all in Paradise.
The distinction between Shiite and Sunni is a Masonic ruse, and no such thing in fact exists. No Muslim can fall into such a trap. Shiites are pure, devout and spotless Muslims. Sunnis are also very sound, immaculate Muslims. There is no difference between them. They all face the same Qibla, and all believe in Allah. They love the same Prophet. I feel profound and deep affection for them all. Any distinction is artificial and unacceptable. On his recent visit to Istanbul Mahmoud Ahmadinejad personally showed that the distinction between Shias and Sunnis is unfounded and unnecessary. By praying in the same mosque as Sunni Muslims, behind a Sunni imam, he declared to the world that there is no difference between us.
7) What is your opinion of the ties between Iran and Turkey, and how can these be improved?
There has recently been excellent progress between Iran and Turkey. Everything is heading in the right, most excellent direction, inshaAllah. President Ahmadinejad’s recent visit to Istanbul is of great importance in that regard. In a recent interview I called on all Muslims, Shiites and Sunnis, to act as one, and said that the message that “We are brothers, we are together, we are one” being given was highly significant. From that perspective, the President’s visit to Turkey was most auspicious, inshaAllah.
He gave important messages encouraging the union and brotherhood of the Islamic world. The way he performed the prayer behind a Sunni imam in public in Sultanahmet together with the Sunnis was a wonderful thing. It resulted in an increase in Muslims’ love for one another. The constant emphasis on union among Muslims, whether they be Shiites, Jafaris, Alevis or Sunnis, and believers having compassion for and protecting one another are all very important. It is vitally important, inshaAllah, that everyone should gather together in a single body around the Qur’an and the Sunnah of our Prophet (saas).
8) One cannot say that Muslims are without enemies. Who are our common foes? What are their aims? And what can we do about them?
The real subject that Muslims must concentrate on is Darwinism--the source of all suffering, irreligion and godlessness. Once Darwinism is eradicated, religious moral values can be preached with ease. Islam can spread most splendidly. Once Darwinism has been eradicated the idol will have been destroyed. The destruction of that idol will result in an immaculate environment. It will be easy for people to believe. The human soul and body abhor a vacuum. People want to believe in something. If they cannot be atheists or Darwinists, they will hold religious beliefs and be Muslims. There can be no other solution.
However, the current troubles will continue unabated so long as there is no union and unity among Muslims, so long as they fail to choose a leader, so long as they have no bonds of brotherhood and so long as they fail to live by the moral values of the Qur’an. One problem will rise up after another, and there will be no solving them. There will be no end to anarchy, want, poverty and cultural and social degeneration. The important thing is to determine what lies at the root of the problems in Islamic lands. First we need to identify the reasons for them, and then the solution. The answer lies in the full implementation of Qur’anic moral values--union, unity and brotherhood. Muslims will achieve great power when they approach one another with love and compassion, when they wish to be one another’s friends, and avoid dealing with details. No division between Muslims is acceptable. We are all brothers. All Muslims are brothers and sisters.
9) I would also like to learn your views regarding contemporary Western ideology, liberal democracy, for instance, and its aims and principles, and the consequences of its world dominion.
The ideologies based on irreligion and atheism that emerged with the so-called “Enlightenment” have to date brought mankind nothing but disaster. People are only newly becoming aware of the damage inflicted by materialist ideologies that regard human beings as animals and reject the soul and spiritual matters. They are now rapidly turning their backs on materialism, inshaAllah. There is a constant stream of reports indicating that the 21st century will be the “century of faith,” which means that, by Allah’s leave, Islamic moral values will rule the world in the 21st century. People who adopt religious moral values can only find peace and satisfy their hearts’ yearning through Islam, the final true faith.
10) Would you like to add anything?
May the hearts of all my Muslim brothers and sisters be happy and rejoice. Within 10 or 20 years Islamic moral values will rule the whole world. By Allah’s leave, that cannot be prevented. The words of the Prophet (saas) have one by one come true, and are continuing to do so. Around a hundred hadiths have come true. Our beloved Prophet (saas) is the Mukhbir-i sadiq, he who always tells the truth. He acted in the light of the Almighty’s revelation. It is through Allah’s revelation that he spoke these words. And they have all come true. There will be great union and unity in Islam. Never before will there have been such a global union. And the Islamic Union will for the first time rule the world with such majesty. Never before has it been such wide-ranging. Not even in the time of the Prophet Sulayman (as). This is the first time there will be such dominion. The distinction between Shiites and Sunnis, and between the different schools, will be eradicated. Things will be as they were in the time of the Messenger of Allah (saas). Within 10 to 20 years, inshaAllah, we will all bear witness that I am speaking the truth. | <urn:uuid:ac94a2cc-8838-4525-b963-c3a97a3ffdd5> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.harunyahya.com/en/works/12526/Iran-Daily-Kayhan-20-August-2008 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698924319/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516100844-00001-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957068 | 2,792 | 2.171875 | 2 |
OpenHydro in Global Cleantech Cluster Association finals
In Brest is OpenHydro's latest 16m tidal turbine being placed onto OpenHydro's custom-designed installation barge, the 'OpenHydro Triskell,' as part of final preparations to deploy off the coast of Brittany, France, in early September 2011
Irish tidal energy company OpenHydro has made it to the final top 30 in the Global Cleantech Cluster Association (GCCA) awards, and is now one to watch as a rising clean-tech star globally.
OpenHydro made the announcement this morning that it has been chosen by the GCCA as a 2011 Later Stage Award Top 30 finalist.
It's a significant coup for the young company, which has been making huge strides in the global tidal energy space of late.
OpenHydro operates in the design and manufacture of marine turbines for generating renewable energy from tidal streams. The company's vision is to deploy arrays of tidal turbines under the world's oceans, silently and invisibly generating electricity at no cost to the environment.
OpenHydro was nominated for the GCCA Later Stage Award by An tSlí Ghlas, The Green Way - Ireland's clean-tech cluster.
OpenHydro's business model, market position and potential (among other criteria) qualified it to be a GCCA Later Stage Award 2011 Global Top 30 Finalist, said the GCCA today.
Inclusion in the GCCA Global Top 30 also signifies that the company's innovative approaches and technologies are gaining a foothold in the new global green economy, said OpenHydro this morning.
Game-changing clean-tech companies
“Narrowing down 185 nominations from clean-tech clusters all over the world down to 30 was a very competitive process," said Ben Taube, chairman of the GCCA. "These top 30 finalists are the rising stars of the world's clean-technology sector."
"These companies, with their customers and revenue, are building significant green collar economies in the regions where they operate," said Shawn Lesser, co-founder of the GCCA. "For the health of the planet, both economically and environmentally, we are committed to spotlighting these game-changing companies on the world stage."
OpenHydro and the other 2011 Global Top 30 companies will be honoured at the GCCA's Later Stage Award Dinner held in conjunction with the Dublin Cleantech Forum on 14 November 2011. Co-hosted by An tSlí Ghlas, the full-day executive event will feature CEO presentations and high-level discussions on the most critical topics for emerging clean-technology companies and investment opportunities.
In early October, OpenHydro won the Engineers Ireland Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Company of the Year title for its use of CPD to morph from being a start-up R&D firm to a major global player for pioneering marine turbines that generate renewable energy from tidal streams.
The company, which is based in Greenore, Co Louth, has already achieved an array of industry firsts, including being the first to deploy a tidal turbine at the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC), the first to connect to and generate electricity from tidal streams onto the UK national grid and the first to successfully demonstrate a method of safely and economically deploying and recovering turbines directly on the seabed.
The chosen 30
The GCCA Later Stage Award Global Top 30 Finalists were selected out of the 4,000 companies represented by the GCCA's 30 member clusters, ranging from North America and Europe to Asia. Each cluster conducted internal evaluations to nominate up to 10 companies in 10 categories, including solar, wind, energy storage, green buildings, water and more. In total, these member clusters nominated 185 companies for the 2011 Later Stage Award.
The top 30 finalists were screened for investment grade through the Keystone Method, a data-driven business assessment and venture development tool developed by GCCA head judge Dr Peter Adriaens at The University of Michigan, and CleanTech Acceleration Partners.
James Ives, CEO of OpenHydro, highlighted the contribution of all within the company in helping to achieve this significant recognition.
“The commitment from all employees at OpenHydro is exemplary - the determination, focus and expertise across the company are the drivers behind our success, together with the support and partnership of our customers and shareholders alike."
The 2011 Later Stage Award is sponsored by Grant Thornton International.
A full list of all the GCCA Later Stage Award 2011 Global Top 30 Finalists can be found online.
OpenHydro - involved in world's first large-scale, grid-connected tidal energy farm
Right now, OpenHydro is building the world's first large-scale, grid-connected tidal energy farm with energy giant EDF off the north coast of France. Significantly, it is the first foray of France into the offshore tidal wind-farm marketplace.
The OpenHydro tidal turbine is towed to the deployment site off the island of Bréhat,
near Paimpol in Côtes-d'Armor in September, where it was deployed on the seabed
at a depth of 35 metres. For two months the turbine and subsea base,
which have a combined weight of 850 tonnes and a height of 22 metres, will be tested
As reported on Siliconrepublic.com in September, French utility giant EDF is divining into the tidal energy expertise of Irish firm OpenHydro to create a 16m offshore tidal installation off the coast of Paimpol-Bréhat, France. When installed in 2012, it will be the world's largest tidal array, generating power for the French electricity grid.
The alliance between OpenHydro and EDF also signalled France's first foray into offshore tidal installations.
The Brittany region, the French State and Europe are all supporting the project in order to achieve a better knowledge of the marine environment and also in respect of providing regional employment.
OpenHydro is supplying the turbines, each of which has the capacity to generate more than 2MW of energy.
OpenHydro and its partner DCNS - naval defence and green-energy player DCNS took an 8pc stake in OpenHydro in January 2011 - completed the assembly of the first turbine for the Paimpol-Bréhat project in early September.
"We are delighted to be working with EDF on what is set to be the world's first large-scale, grid-connected tidal energy farm and France's first offshore tidal installation. EDF's vision to develop this exciting project places France and EDF at the forefront of this new form of renewable energy generation," said Ives at the time.
OpenHydro received support from Ireland's Ocean Energy Development Unit, which supported the turbine system design.
EDF Group itself is an electricity producer in Europe. It has mainly nuclear and hydraulic production facilities in France, where 95pc of its electricity output is apparently CO2-free.
Work of OpenHydro
OpenHydro's deployment and recovery method delivers a step change in the economics of tidal energy, asserts the company.
OpenHydro has a project portfolio spanning the USA, Canada, France, Scotland and the UK's Channel Islands with utility partners including EDF, Nova Scotia Power and SSE Renewables.
The Global Cleantech Cluster Association
The GCCA creates conduits for companies to harness the tremendous benefits of international clean-tech cluster collaboration in an efficient, affordable and structured way.
Global Cleantech provides a gateway for established and emerging clean-tech companies to gain exposure to potential investors, new markets, influential networks, innovative technologies and best practices.
Swisscleantech, the Finnish Cleantech Cluster, and Watershed Capital Group are the founders of GCCA.
The GCCA Later Stage Award is sponsored by Grant Thornton International. | <urn:uuid:1d9b70c2-fe3c-4c08-956b-588faa5ce4ab> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.siliconrepublic.com/clean-tech/item/24302-openhydro-in-global-cleante | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697974692/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095254-00031-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928893 | 1,607 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Access to the proposed sites is free, but you must have a user account. Access to these sites may vary depending on your browser (for example, Internet Explorer 6 does not support all the sites). You must make sure that your browser is up to date. In addition, depending on which sharing method you have chosen, some characters (accented letters, apostrophes or other symbols) in the title of the page you are recommending may be displayed incorrectly or missing. You will need to make these corrections yourself before recommending the page to your contacts.
Note: No e-mail or personal information will be retained. For more information on privacy policies and practices that apply to the Language Portal of Canada, see the Government of Canada Privacy Statement.
Social bookmarking allows you to save your favourite links on the Internet through social bookmarking sites such as Google Bookmarks or Reddit. These sites offer many advantages. You can:
access your favourite links from any computer or mobile device connected to the Internet;
search your favourite links easily using the keywords (commonly called "tags") you assign to each link;
share your favourite links with an Internet community;
discover the favourite links of other Web users who share your interests.
Social bookmarking sites are usually free, but you must subscribe to use them. Social bookmarking is also known as collaborative tagging, social classification and social indexing.
Social networking sites, such as Facebook and Linkedln, are Internet platforms that allow you to interact online and create interconnected Web communities. You can create personal profiles, establish lists of users with whom you have a common connection or establish new relationships.
To exchange ideas with other members, you can post messages to your personal page, send e-mails and instant messages or share files. | <urn:uuid:e2988a5a-06dc-4d39-a264-85a491d1cb18> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.noslangues-ourlanguages.gc.ca/decouvrir-discover/outils-tools/ld-gd-eng.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368711005985/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516133005-00019-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.910231 | 361 | 2.421875 | 2 |
The Impact of Drinking Wine
Wine drinkers suffering whiplash from the good news/bad news/good news/bad news cycle of studies that link wine to cancer (and heart disease and diabetes, etc.) just got the latest bit of bad news last week, when the American Journal of Epidemiology released a study last week that linked alcohol consumption to four different types of cancer.
The study measured daily consumption and found that anyone who exceeded moderate consumption (defined as one drink per day) were at a much greater risk for developing cancer.
But the authors of the study failed to take into account the type of alcohol that was consumed – beer, wine or liquor - not to mention other lifestyle choices of the study participants. Did they eat fried food? Where did they live and what did they do for a living? All of this could be considered relevant.
read more on blogs.wsj.com | <urn:uuid:947a6546-1365-491d-943a-eac905cdc4e0> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://winetimes.co/2011/11/09/the-impact-of-drinking-wine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368701459211/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516105059-00025-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966703 | 183 | 2 | 2 |
Criterion for Selecting a Communication Standard for Environmental Data
The Galapagos Archipelago is a nearly pristine island system that is host to a number of diverse biomes. In order to keep these biomes in their currently pristine state a sensor network must be designed to be as inobtrusive as physically possible. Thus there are two philosophical perspectives from which to view the problem: a multitude of small sensors or a few large sensors. In determining which path you are to pursue you have established a set of parameters for the remainder of the problem to which you are constrained. In our operating environment, a clusters of macro-sized sensors
Small sensors whose mass approach zero certainly conform to the idea of being unobtrusive. However, they do pose quite another problem: if the sensors are so small that they are not visible to the naked eye, how do you keep track of their location relative to where you placed them. This is in addition to obvious engineering problems that are generated in the manufacturing process as the size of the sensor approaches zero such as conductivity being impossible to control, signal strength drops to near zero, and other electrical engineering problems that cannot be resolved as of yet. In order to account for these inadequacies you must make the sensor larger to the point of being visible. Even when an object is the size of a cell phone, to have battery life of over a few days the communication distance drops to a mere hundred meters or so and we are left with a large scattering of sensors that appear as pieces of trash in the otherwise pristine environment where a single moderately larger sensor capable of generating similar information but being consolidated to a single location within a 25 square kilometer grid rather than 2500 individual sensors. Further the logistics of deployment and upkeep of such a network of approximately 800,000 sensors(if each sensor is spaced 100 meters from its nearest neighbor in a square grid pattern). Ultimately we would be faced with the impossible task of managing an unfathomable amount of information of which all is not that useful. It has been said that more information is always better, but this is not the case as in this instance. Better information is better, quantity is not a trump card as it will generate enormous amounts of erroneous micro-data fluctuations that may or may not be valuable to scientists as analyzing them is a nearly superhuman task. These irreconcilable problems generated by micro-size sensors necessitate a macro-sized solution to the problem.
Due to the distances involved and the low power consumption requirements, but relatively low bandwidth needs of the network the most obvious solution is a radio wave solution backed up by an on-site data storage system in the unavoidable event of a communications breakdown. While this consumes on the order of less than one watt per transmission, the transmissions only occur on the frequency of four per hour rather than continuously thus conserving a significant amount of power that would have otherwise been wasted.
Spectroscopic Data Transmission Handling
The data gleamed from the spectroscopy monitoring satellites has no need to be transmitted via the channels common to the sensor network. Since we are going to be using an already well established satellite network there is no need to worry about how the data they collect is relayed back to us. All that must be considered is the location of the data storage and how it is to be processed. Simply routing the data to the central server and then consolidating the data would present a
The data taken from the airplane spectroscopy, which is far more exacting than the data taken from the satellite on the order of from nanometer accuracy of airplanes at 40,00 feet to micro- or millimeter accuracy of satellites in low earth orbit. This information is far more selective than the wide gain of the satellite so we must first determine the areas on the island that require the most study and then relay that information to the aircraft pilot at the airport on the isle of Baltra giving him coordinates of a route to fly. The information collected in his flight whose frequency has yet to be determined, must then need
Tag Transmission Handling
Tagging terrestrial animals has been used for decades as a means for population counts and migratory patterns of animals. Unfortunately it has typically required a human to be in the field and observe the animal to record its movement. In this sensor network however, each tag is going to use an implementation of an emerging short distance standard defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers(IEEE) as standard 802.15.4. For more information on how the tags are going to function please refer to the Tagging portion of the Website as this is only a description of how the communication is slated to work.
The communication in this network needs only to flow one direction: from the tag to the Zigbee communication beacon at each of the sensor nodes on the islands. The tracking tags are different from the sensor nodes in that they do not need to communicate with each other nor store any data about their present location. They merely need to transmit their unique identification number and a timestamp so that we can create a time-based map of animal movement patterns throughout the zones based upon triangulation, or if enough sensor nodes are not available for connection, a more generalized area surrounding the sensor at a certain distance that can be determined by the relation of the difference between the timesamp on the packet and the time the sensor node receives it and velocity of the wave. The antennae placed inside the tagging wristband will be able to transmit far beyond the 100 meters originally anticipated by the standard due largely to the high gain factor of the antennae, hopefully reaching out to near the 2.5 kilometer mark by line of sight and thus allowing for a q. This is just enough to provide continuous coverage based upon our sensor station deployment scheme as described in the Terrestrial Sensor portion of the website.
This data collected by each of the sensor nodes is then incorporated into the datalogger in place at each of the sensor network nodes and is transmitted with the other information gathered by the sensor by the same radio frequency process as described in the Sensor Transmission Handling section.
Sensor Transmission Handling
As previously stated however, the range of transmission between the sensors is at most 8.3 kilometers for direct line of sight. Accounting for certain obstructions, we have placed sensors and/or repeaters at 5 kilometer intervals. Thus the transmitted data must be collected by some means or all the collection is for naught. Since the adjacent sensors are well within the transmittance range they serve as the perfect vehicle for this task in addition to their task of monitoring the environment. So in addition to merely transmitting data, the sensors will be retrofitted with an antennae that is capable of receiving as well as transmitting data. The collected data can then be relayed with the data of the sensor that received, it along with the identification number of the sensor that recorded it and a timestamp of when the record was taken to identify the location and time of the data, at the usual thirty minute interval. Due to the close spacing of the sensors, there will be instated an algorithm that compares the received data's timestamp and identification number with that of all those collected recently. If it has already processed the data then the data is regarded as erroneous and ignored. Otherwise it accepts the data, stores its timestamp and identification number for near future usage, and waits to transmit it to its "parent" node at the next communication cycle.
The "mother sensor node" of the entire island is located at the most central sensing location of each island. this allows for the minimization of transmittance energy of its child sensors to reach it. This mother node has one additional piece of of hardware that makes it unique among the other sensors. Instead of a radio transmitter, it houses a transceiver capable of communicating with the ARGOS satellite system. This system of four primary satellites and three reserve satellites are in sun-geosynchronous orbit around the planet ensuring that a satellite will always be available for data transmission. in the even that cloud cover or some other obstruction is temporarily blocking satellite data transmissions, the mother node will use its on site data storage device to maintain all the data waiting to be transmitted, then once the possibility of data transmission has occurred, it then begins broadcasting to ARGOS. This data is then relaid via satellite to an offsite data server in a major city, preferably not in a third world environment. This server is then delegated the task of information management and referencing.
Data communication is inherently risky. Lost bytes of information and dropped signals are a relatively common occurrence. Within our communication system, however, there is a redundancy and a security built within the periodicity of the sensor network design. No sensor or repeater is located excessively far from a nearest neighbor and because of this there will always be at least 2 sensors that hold the same information until confirmation that it has been received, uncorrupted, by the mother node and transmitted to ARGOS. Due to the intercommunication between the sensors in the network we believe that it is a reasonably secure system considering the frame of deployment and the remoteness of the Galapagos. Though this is like any system and there are weaknesses, the number of communication options between the sensors is not an overbearing weaknesses.
Algorithm Design and Data Handling
With our number of sensors, satellites, and ariel data and the amount of time that they will be gathering data the sheer volumes of information that will coming through the server will be staggering. While it is not unfathomable that a single computer is capable of handling all of the data processing tasks, a more elegant and public relations friendly solution is a distributed computing system similar to what the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence and the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search employ to process their data: a distributable software solution that can be run on an individual's remote computer and that report their data to the server for further analysis by scientists. This approach provides a two pronged benefit in that it generates public support and enthusiasm for the research being conducted and continues to remind the general public of the situation in the Galapagos and their need for continual monetary and moral support. Further this program can be running as a low priority process all the time on a users computer so data is continually being gathered and evaluated. While this does require some publicity to be established, the overwhelming response to the other programs has been such that generating a stable client base will not be a problem within the environmentally aware activists of the world.
The algorithm that we will use to evaluate the data that is sent to the individual terminal is defined on short, medium, and long term scales. At this point in time we have no specific process or processes for determining what is going wrong, or correctly, in the ecosystem without an initial data set. The sensor network will be its own, best interpreter. The first few, approximately 100, sets of data that are collected will be compared with previously gathered data serve as the basis for the base line of how the ecosystem is functioning. Then once other data comes in we will be able to evaluate on a relativistic, rather than absolute, scale how the ecosystem is doing. This process could easily be converted to a computerized program that, through an automated means, evaluated what is occurring in the ecosystem and alerts scientists to its functionality. This data should return in a readily quantified, easily cognitive system of patterns that can then be evaluated by scientists or sent out again for further evaluations by different algorithms. The general idea is to minimize human effort applied to analysis so that it may be focused entirely on problems we see arising on the short, medium, and long term scales. | <urn:uuid:1877c266-e3cb-4a65-a0f9-b939efb07eef> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://web.mit.edu/12.000/www/m2008/teams/lasiguanas/Communication_and_Data_Processing.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705559639/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115919-00042-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951774 | 2,350 | 2.703125 | 3 |
In 1911, Frank C. Mars made the first Mars candies in his Tacoma, Washington kitchen and established Mars’ first roots as a confectionery company. In the 1920s, Forrest E. Mars, Sr. joined his father in business and together they launched the MILKY WAY® bar. In 1932, Forrest, Sr. moved to the United Kingdom with a dream of building a business based on the objective of a “mutuality of benefits” for all stakeholders – this vision serves as the foundation of the Mars, Incorporated we are today. To learn more about our history click here.
Based in McLean, Virginia, Mars has net sales of more than $30 billion and six business segments including Petcare, Chocolate, Wrigley, Food, Drinks and Symbioscience. You can find out about our brands here.
Approximately 70,000 Associates worldwide are putting our Mars Principles in action every day to make a difference for people and the planet through our performance. Learn more in our Principles in Action Summary. | <urn:uuid:b67dbce1-8db0-47a3-9b14-c5a062d5d35d> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.mars.com/global/about.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704392896/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113952-00020-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958515 | 212 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Writer and activist Stephen Donaldson was born Robert A.
Martin, Jr. on July 27, 1946 in Norfolk, Virginia. The son of a career naval
officer, his childhood was spent in numerous seaport cities of the eastern
United States, as well as in Germany. His parents divorced when he was seven
years old, and he lived for periods of time in a boarding school and with his
grandparents. While attending high school in Long Branch, New Jersey, Donaldson
acknowledged his sexual attraction to a male classmate and shortly afterwards
decided to "come out" as gay. In the summer of 1965 he ran
away from his mother's home in Florida to New York City, where he met leaders of
the Mattachine Society of New York, an early gay rights organization. Attracted by the relatively permissive
sexual atmosphere of New York, he enrolled at Columbia University.
As a college student, Donaldson was a founding member of the Student
Homophile League (later re-named Gay People at Columbia-Barnard) and was active
in the North American Conference of Homophile Organizations. He was a
participant in the spring 1968 student uprising on the Columbia campus.
Donaldson worked during his college summers as a reporter for the Associated
Press and Virginia Pilot and as a legislative intern in the offices of U.S.
Representatives Howard H. Callaway (Republican, Georgia) and Donald E. Lukens
(Republican, Ohio). He also traveled widely across the United States, often as a
hitchhiker. In diary entries and letters written during these years he described
his political radicalization, his experiments with marijuana and LSD and his
sexual encounters with men and women. Inspired by many aspects of the sexual
revolution of the late-1960s, Donaldson increasingly identified himself as
bisexual. He began to publish short articles and poems in gay publications,
occasionally under the pen name Stephen Donaldson. (Though he never legally
changed his name, he increasingly chose to identify himself by this pseudonym,
particularly during the 1980s-90s.)
After his 1970 graduation from Columbia, Donaldson enlisted in the U.S. Navy.
He shipped to Italy, where he served as a radioman on a NATO base. At this time
Donaldson also became a practicing Buddhist and explored the religious
traditions of the Society of Friends, also known as Quakers. In 1971 the Navy
announced its intention to release him by General Discharge on grounds of
suspected homosexual involvement. Donaldson mounted an unprecedented public
campaign against his discharge, and won the support of U.S. Congress members
Bella Abzug and Edward I. Koch. Though he lost this fight and was released in
June 1972, he later won an upgrade to Honorable Discharge.
Donaldson settled in the Washington D.C. area and worked as Pentagon
correspondent for the Overseas Weekly, a privately owned newspaper
distributed to American servicemen stationed in Europe. He became increasingly
active with the Quakers, and would eventually lead the group's bisexual caucus.
In 1973 he was arrested at a Quaker peace protest at the White House, and was
subsequently raped by inmates in the Washington D.C. jail. This experience, and
incidents which occurred during later stints in prison, led to his outspoken
activism on the issue of sexual victimization of male prisoners, most notably
with the organizations People Organized to Stop the Rape of Imprisoned Persons
and Stop Prisoner Rape.
From 1974-77 Donaldson did graduate work in religion at Columbia University,
and served as Chairman of the Student Governing Board of the Earl Hall Center
for Religion and Life. In May 1976 he was ordained as a novice monk in the
orthodox (Theravada) Buddhist Order. During the late-1970s Donaldson worked
intermittently as a developer of war simulation games and immersed himself in
New York's punk rock subculture, centered on the CBGB nightclub in downtown
Manhattan. Several personal tragedies, including the 1976 suicide of his mother,
contributed to bouts of psychological depression. In March 1980,
poverty-stricken and ill, Donaldson was arrested in a Bronx Veterans
Administration hospital on a charge of assault with a dangerous weapon. He was
convicted on other felony counts and served nearly four years in federal prison.
Donaldson was paroled in April 1984, and settled again in New York City.
During the 1980s-90s, Donaldson volunteered as a counselor to male victims of
sexual assault, and spoke out publicly in a wide variety of forums on the issue
of prisoner rape. In 1987-88 he visited India and was there initiated in the
Veerashaiva tradition of Shaivite Hinduism. This trip constituted a parole
violation, and resulted in another term in federal prison during 1990. In 1992
Donaldson visited Europe to meet punk rock musicians and fans and to lecture on
the American punk scene. Throughout this period he advanced his career as an
editor and writer. His short essays on such topics as punk rock, prison
conditions, Buddhism and sexuality appeared in numerous magazines and
underground publications, often under the byline "Donny the Punk." Donaldson was
assistant editor of the Encyclopedia of Homosexuality (1990) and
co-editor, with Wayne Dynes, of the thirteen-volume Studies in
Homosexuality (1994). During his last years he served as
editor-in-chief of the Concise Encyclopedia of Homosexuality, a major
revision of the 1990 Encyclopedia. His publisher cancelled the project
just a few months after the manuscript was completed. Stephen Donaldson died of
an AIDS-related illness in New York City on July 18, 1996.
(This biographical statement written for the Stephen
Donaldson Collection, Manuscripts and Archives Division, Humanities and Social
Sciences Library, New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations. All | <urn:uuid:d1ff90ec-8d2a-486c-99c5-a469e0e19ec6> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.lgbtran.org/Profile.aspx?ID=144 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706153698/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120913-00020-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968764 | 1,266 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Washington's Wall Street Sugar Daddies
How much is democracy worth to you?
If you’re like most people, it’s priceless. But for the hedge funds and insurance companies on Wall Street, it does have a price tag. And now, thanks to a new report by Global Exchange, we know the number on it: approximately $4.2 billion. That’s how much the Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate (F.I.R.E.) sector has invested in political influence through campaign contributions and lobbying since 2006. That comes to $1,331 a minute spent on political power.
The new report is called “Meet the F.I.R.E. Sector: How Wall Street Is Burning Democracy.” It was developed by Elect Democracy, a nonpartisan effort by Global Exchange to expose and challenge the impact of corporate money in U.S. politics. The report contains extensive research tracking Wall Street’s investment in political power, and analyzes exactly how Wall Street has secured what Global Exchange calls “industry-loyal voting practices” in Congress: by shoveling stacks of campaign cash in the direction of Congressional hopefuls from both major political parties.
That money lets these industries get what they want in Washington. The F.I.R.E. sector contributed $879 million to members of Congress since 2006, and took positions on 383 bills during the 112th Congress. For instance, they supported Free Trade Agreements with Korea, Panama, and Colombia in 2007, and backed the bailout in 2008. Bills they opposed include the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2009, the Limited Homeowner and Investor Loss in Foreclosure Act of 2010, and the Stop Student Loan Interest Rate Hike Act of 2011.
At every turn, the F.I.R.E. sector demands special treatment for Wall Street while consumers, homeowners, and students get stuck with the bills. As Senator Bernie Sanders put it an interview with MSNBC this May, "Wall Street is extraordinarily powerful. Congress doesn't regulate them. The big banks regulate what Congress does."
That’s no exaggeration. The Wall Street banks that received the lion’s share of the $700 billion bailout in 2008 comprise the most vocal and deep-pocketed opposition to regulation of risky financial practices.
Follow the Money
Luckily, the F.I.R.E sector does have a weakness. It only works in the dark. When people know that their representatives are only supporting Wall Street causes because they’ve been bought off, they tend to stop wanting to vote for those representatives.
Elect Democracy has used the report to develop a new legislative scorecard that makes it easy for you to trace how your legislators voted on key issues such as the bank bailout, Wall Street reform, and free trade agreements. Not only that, but you can see for yourself how much money they received in campaign contributions from the F.I.R.E. sector, as well as what we call their “industry loyalty voting rate.”
Global Exchange researchers calculated that rate for each Congressperson by comparing how often their votes matched the F.I.R.E. sector’s lobbying position on the seven bills examined in the scorecard. As it turns out, the representatives who received the 25 biggest campaign contributions from the F.I.R.E. sector voted identically to Wall Street’s lobby position 73 percent of the time, while the average House “loyalty rate” was a mere 56 percent.
States Close in on Citizens United
The movement for a constitutional amendment to end corporate personhood has gained some powerful new allies.
Many complex factors affect how legislators vote, but corporate sponsorship shouldn’t be one of them. Even on Wall Street’s gilded beltway, the F.I.R.E sector companies can’t literally buy political representation—at least, not yet. Instead, they use money to buy influence over voters to elect certain legislators, who they then use lobbyists to influence.
Most Americans value democracy and despise corruption, so a spotlight on this process could leave the F.I.R.E. sugar daddies powerless. The more toxic bank money candidates accept, the more vulnerable they are to having the source of their money exposed.
The goals of this project are not to tell anyone who to vote for, but to get everyone to follow the money; not to influence the outcome of any one election, but to spark dialogue about accountability and transparency, and to stop Wall Street from burning our priceless democracy; to together expose how Wall Street’s campaign money is toxic for democracy, and amplify the message that our democracy is not for sale.
Hillary V. Lehr wrote this article for YES! Magazine, a national, nonprofit media organization that fuses powerful ideas and practical actions. Hillary has worked with Rainforest Action Network,
co-founded the California Student Sustainability Coalition, and is currently taking on Wall Street money in
politics as Campaign Director for Global Exchange’s Elect Democracy project.
- Check out this legislative scorecard of Wall Street spending in politics since 2006.
- When Bankers Rule the World
How we can call out the myths, restructure the banking system, shut down the con game, and take back America.
- A Student Debt Strike Force Takes Off
Debt—and the shame that surrounds it—is the tie that binds the 99 percent. Can young people reimagine it as something productive, rather than a tool for profiteering?
That means, we rely on support from our readers.
Independent. Nonprofit. Subscriber-supported. | <urn:uuid:3c249016-439d-41e6-a726-d123a069c527> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.yesmagazine.org/people-power/washingtons-wall-street-sugar-daddies?icl=email_august12&amp;ica=WallStreetSugarDaddies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699881956/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516102441-00030-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943509 | 1,177 | 1.664063 | 2 |
updated 06:30 pm EDT, Thu October 15, 2009
Developers have called for policy change
Apple has changed its SDK policy to allow in-app purchases for free iPhone apps, according to Daring Fireball blogger John Gruber. The service previously was restricted to apps requiring payment for the initial download, although the limitations have been criticized by a variety of developers.
Many developers would prefer to release a single version of an app, while allowing users to add content or upgrade from within the app interface. The initial SDK terms effectively required developers to make a separate version of the app available for free. To access the additional content, customers had to purchase and download a second version from the App Store.
Apple's reasoning for preventing in-app purchases has not been clear, although the changes will be welcomed by many developers. | <urn:uuid:096b6802-4b0e-47a4-a2a8-ed88dfc3f3bf> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.macnn.com/articles/09/10/15/developers.have.called.for.policy.change/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00048-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957616 | 167 | 1.546875 | 2 |
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Wisdom Teeth Removal, It's All We Do!
Yes Wisdom Teeth is all we do! Our office is dedicated exclusively to the painless and efficient removal of wisdom teeth. (We don't do dental implants or any other types of oral surgery!) When we say Wisdom Teeth Only....that is exactly what we mean. By concentrating on this single aspect of dental health, we have become experts in the field. Our skill, training and years of professional experience means you can trust the experts at Dr. Wisdom Teeth!
Multiple Locations for Wisdom Teeth Removal
We aim to serve you with the best service imaginable, not just by our years of professional experience, but by covering northern and southern Utah. We have multiple offices in Northern Utah as well as one in St. George, Utah which is not too far if you live in Henderson, Nevada or Las Vegas, Nevada to take advantage of our excellent savings to shorten your cost of tooth extraction. Call us today to make your appointment or use the form to the right and we will call you immediately!
Wisdom teeth are the third molars and usually appear between the ages of 16 and 24. Wisdom teeth are commonly extracted when they affect other teeth—this impaction is colloquially known as "coming in sideways." Most people have four wisdom teeth, but it is possible to have more or fewer. Absence of one or more wisdom teeth is an example of hypodontia. Any extra wisdom teeth are referred to as supernumerary wisdom teeth.
A wisdom tooth is extracted to correct an actual problem or to prevent problems that may come up in the future. Wisdom teeth are extracted for two general reasons: either the Wisdom teeth have already become impacted, or they could potentially become problematic if not extracted. Potential problems caused by the presence of properly grown-in Wisdom teeth include infections caused by food particles easily trapped in the jaw area behind the wisdom teeth where regular brushing and flossing is difficult and ineffective. Such infections may be frequent, and cause considerable pain and medical danger. Another reason to have Wisdom teeth removed is if the teeth have grown in improperly, causing the tongue to brush up against them. The tongue can tolerate it for a limited time, until it causes a painful sensation, to the point where the sheer pain can numb the tongue affected, and the area around it (part of the lips, and the cheek). The numbness feels similar to the feeling of anesthesia, possibly meaning a nerve can be affected by the wisdom tooth improperly growing in. Also, it is a wise choice to have wisdom teeth removed if undergoing extensive orthodontic work because once the teeth have come in they could inflict some damage on expensive straightening.
The extraction of wisdom teeth should only be performed by dental professionals with proper training and experience performing such extractions. The precise reasons why an individual’s wisdom teeth need to be extracted should be explained to them by their dentist, after an examination of their wisdom teeth which almost certainly will need to include x-rays. A panoramic x-ray (aka "panorex") is the best x-ray to view wisdom teeth and diagnose their problems.
Wisdom Teeth Removal, Wisdom Tooth Utah, find a dentist, dental surgery, family dentistry, cheap dentist, dental health,
family dental, wisdom teeth, general dentistry, dental extraction, dental extractions,
tooth extraction cost, wisdom teeth extraction cost, wisdom teeth cost, Wisdom Teeth Removal cost,
pulling teeth, names of teeth | <urn:uuid:83353e00-90f0-4879-a3fc-c8e4ad33f259> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.drwisdomteeth.com/pages/st-george-wisdom-teeth-removal.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706890813/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516122130-00070-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946508 | 728 | 2.03125 | 2 |
PORTSTEWART, Northern Ireland -- Some have compared the riots in the UK to the London Blitz. It's a flawed comparison. The strategic bombing of London in 1940 came from an external enemy, Nazi Germany. Enemies from within are carrying out the free-for-all that began in Tottenham, England on Saturday -- quickly spreading to London and other parts of the UK -- following the shooting death of suspected gang member Mark Duggan by Metropolitan Police.
Theresa May, the British home secretary, rejected calls for water cannons and more forceful methods to help overwhelmed police quell the chaos. Interviewed on Sky News May said, "The way we police in Britain is not through use of water cannon. The way we police in Britain is through consent of communities." If that sounds completely feckless, that's because it is.
Businesses have been wiped out. Untold numbers of jobs have been lost. Did the community "consent" to that? If even a few shop owners had been armed, perhaps these products of the British welfare, entitlement and envy state might have thought twice about their thuggish behavior. Unfortunately, gun laws in Britain are strict, owners must be licensed and self-defense can be difficult to prove. Northern Ireland, while also part of the UK, has more liberal gun ownership laws and the bar to prove self-defense is much lower, perhaps because of the history of violence in the country before the peace agreement. There has been no rioting in Ireland, Scotland or Wales.
Prime Minister David Cameron recalled Parliament from its summer session to discuss the situation and to present a "united" front. But that, along with condemnations "in the strongest terms" won't address the real problem, which many Britons may not wish to confront.
The problem in Britain, and increasingly in America, is moral and spiritual, not economic and political. British history and values are no longer being adequately taught in the UK for fear a sense of super-nationalism might be conveyed. This at a time when no nation is to be considered superior to any other, a view expressed by President Obama.
According to a 2007 research report on church attendance in the UK from Tearfund, a UK Christian relief and development agency, just "fifteen percent of UK adults go to church at least once a month." BBC News reports that according to a 2001 Census survey, "a fifth of children are in lone-parent families ... 91 percent of these families headed by mother" and there is "a minority of married couples for the first time -- 45 percent of the population versus 64 percent in 1981." So when the government calls on parents to be more vigilant about the whereabouts of their teenagers, the likelihood there are enough stable two-parent households who care enough to do so is not encouraging.
If civility, right and wrong, personal responsibility and accountability and the right to life, liberty and personal property are not values worthy of being passed on to the next generation, then their opposites will be taught by default. Children don't "catch" goodness and right behavior as they do a cold. Their natural tendency is to do wrong. The goal of discipline is to teach them to do right. The London riots are the extreme outcome when "right" is no longer defined.
When a society refuses to impose a moral code in its schools, homes and culture, pandemonium is the result -- think Detroit, Los Angeles, Washington, D.C. Multiply that several times and you have the lawlessness that has swept Britain with greater force than its mad cow disease scare.
"This was not an angry crowd; this was a greedy crowd," said Chris Sims, chief constable of West Midlands police. One could see that from the TV shots of women trying on clothes and shoes before stealing them and men ripping flat-screen TVs off walls and smashing windows and jewelry cases.
There's a TV program called "Sons of Anarchy." It is fiction. These rioters are the real sons (and daughters) of anarchy and it will take more than political condemnations to repair the damage they've caused. Seventy years ago, the London Blitz forged a national unity in Britain. Where's that unity today?
Fox News' Roger Ailes: Administration's Excuses Won't Work, Americans Died For Press Freedom | Katie Pavlich | <urn:uuid:0f3c3f36-f690-4bff-a220-04714437e150> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://townhall.com/columnists/calthomas/2011/08/11/sons_of_anarchy/page/full/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705559639/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115919-00063-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962163 | 879 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Thunderbolt is something we've been pretty excited about for a while - As some have pointed out, the ability to plug multiple things into the one port could be very handy on a laptop. Not to mention the transfer speeds which outclass USB 3.0, making it ideal if you're shuffling HD video files around.
We finally spotted a Thunderbolt port on a PC motherboard recently, but the reality is that the technology is far from mainstream outside of Apple products.
Which is why we were interested to hear that "a hundred" Thunderbolt devices are expected to be on the market by the end of the year. The comment was made this week in this 52-minute Intel presentation at the IDF event going on in Beijing, by VP of the Intel PC Client Group Kirk Skaugen.
"We have dozens already in the marketplace, things like storage devices. But we're actually on track to deliver approximately a hundred different devices by the end of the year, and by the time we get into 2013, hundreds of different Thunderbolt devices," Skaugen said.
We've been expecting Thunderbolt to appear on some Ultrabooks this year, something that Skaugen also alluded to: "We expect several of these Ultrabook systems now to actually build and integrate Thunderbolt connectors in."
Skaugen pointed out that the height of some laptops are now starting to be limited by the physical size of VGA connectors. Thunderbolt will in theory let designers squeeze the chasiss even more. And as some have pointed out, Thunderbolt allows multiple connections via one port - handy in a laptop.
Which will all sound great on the brochure, but as we've pointed out, what's great in theory may not be cost effective in practice at the moment.
If your laptop is beginning to act its age, keep in mind that Skaugen said Intel will launch 3rd generation Intel Core processor in "just a few weeks", although that may just mean the rumoured April 29th quad core launch. He went on to say that there are 21 Ultrabooks in existence with Intel 2nd generation Core chips, with more than 75 in development. | <urn:uuid:a6b39c8a-270e-4490-bd72-89347636a2c7> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.pcauthority.com.au/News/296786,expect-hundreds-of-thunderbolt-devices-says-intel.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368702810651/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516111330-00023-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968628 | 433 | 1.609375 | 2 |
As an American, I owe a tremendous debt of gratitude to many, many people who have risked and given their lives to defend our liberty. But as I reflect on the recent Supreme Court decision in McDonald v. City of Chicago, I thought I should take a moment to mention four Americans who have made a relatively uncelebrated contribution to the freedom I cherish and enjoy. I owe a special debt to four black men, and one gun.
The most important of these men, to me, was my father. When I was a boy, he and my mother moved our family of six from the Terrace Village public housing projects in Pittsburgh’s Hill District to a predominantly white neighborhood. While many of our neighbors welcomed us, we were not welcomed by all. I recall a brick through the front window, and other incidents. But burned into my memory is the Sunday evening when my father was beaten with a tire iron on the street in front of our home, and in front of us, his four little children. Those three young white men were never caught.
When my father, with his surgically reconstructed eye socket and jaw, was released from the hospital, he did something he never once considered when we lived in the projects. He bought a gun.
Every evening after that, before going to bed, I and my siblings would go out onto the front porch to say goodnight to my father as he sat in his chair, shotgun across his lap, with its black barrel glistening under the porch light. I never once felt unsafe. I never once had trouble sleeping. My sense of security did not come from the Pittsburgh Police, or from the law. My sense of security came from my father, and his gun.
There were no more incidents, at least not any that I can recall, after my father exercised his Second Amendment right. It was his contribution to “non-violence” in our neighborhood.
Just like the millions of children of our nation’s police officers, we were instructed to never touch my father’s gun. And like those millions of children, we did not touch it. My father believed that it was his first responsibility to protect his family, and that it was reasonable for him to avail himself of a firearm to do so. But so many black men before him have been denied this basic right, and it is important to thank the other black men who have made important contributions in preserving it.
Foremost among these, in my mind, is Frederick Douglass. The self-educated runaway slave turned abolitionist newspaper editor and orator, Douglass was alarmed at the unaddressed violence unleashed on black people in the wake of the Civil War. As Douglass pointed out in his autobiography, black Americans could not count on the government to protect them; they had to defend themselves against the rash of lynchings committed by the Ku Klux Klan and even state and local authorities. Citizenship, according to Douglass, rested upon three boxes: “the ballot box, the jury box, and the cartridge box.”
As Tim Sandefur of the Pacific Legal Foundation recently pointed out, Douglass was wise to realize that black Americans needed to rely on themselves for their own safety and security. Douglass argued that the post-Civil War Amendments, the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth, were written to protect the freed slaves from a backlash by the Southern states. The 14th Amendment’s Privileges or Immunities Clause says that: “No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States.” Douglass urged the federal government to enforce the Constitution as written, to secure for black Americans, indeed for all Americans, the “privileges or immunities” of full citizenship.
Douglass’s plea fell on deaf ears. In 1873, the Fourteenth Amendment’s “privileges or immunities” clause was gutted in The Slaughterhouse Cases, where the Supreme Court upheld the State of Louisiana’s decision to close down butchers competing with a politically-well-connected private monopoly. The Court ruled that this clause only protected rights of national scope, such as the right to access foreign embassies or the right to protection while traveling the high seas. This was, as Georgetown Law Professor Randy Barnett recently noted, “a preposterous interpretation — these were hardly the rights congressional Republicans in the aftermath of the Civil War were most concerned to protect in the wake of the terrible abuses of free blacks and white unionists by Southern states.”
Nevertheless, the “privileges or immunities” clause was dead. Moribund, as the constitutional law scholars like to put it. It has been dead for one hundred and thirty two years.
But the “privileges or immunities” clause is still there in the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, still in the actual document. A handful of scholars have kept up the fight to get these words noticed again. These scholars are not ones you will have heard of, especially if you have a law degree from a top law school. Most of these scholars toil away in think tanks, since the doors of many law schools have been shut to them. In fact, if you have attended a top law school, your first reaction is likely to have been, “don’t you mean ‘privileges and immunities’ clause?” While you may have been exposed to the “privileges and immunities” clause of Article IV, your con law professor is unlikely to have mentioned the “privileges or immunities” clause of the 14th Amendment.
This reaction is understandable, because constitutional law scholarship in most law schools has become a closed, insular conversation among both liberal and conservative law professors who have, in their own ways, become completely at ease with the sweeping scope of government power in a world devoid of the “privileges or immunities” clause. Liberals dislike the “privileges or immunities” clause for fear that it might legitimate the kinds of unenumerated rights they hold in contempt, like the rights to property and freedom of contract. It is not a coincidence that these are precisely the rights that the Reconstruction Congress sought to protect with the Civil Rights Act of 1866. Likewise, conservatives, including the plurality in McDonald, are uncomfortable with the “privileges or immunities” clause because it legitimates unenumerated rights, like the right to privacy recognized in Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade. Justice Alito demonstrated his discomfort with economic liberty too, when he asked in oral argument whether the “privileges or immunities” clause included the right to contract, clearly hoping that the answer was “no.”
The top constitutional law scholars were completely caught off guard when a third black man, Justice Clarence Thomas, reinvigorated the “privileges or immunities” of citizenship in McDonald v. City of Chicago two weeks ago. In McDonald, the court struck down a Chicago ordinance banning handguns. Justice Thomas had been reading the scholarship on the “privileges or immunities” clause over the last several decades. He read it and understood it. And while this scholarship did not matter in the opinion of many of our nation’s top constitutional law professors, it did matter in an opinion that, itself, matters a lot.
In his concurrence to the four other justices in the 5-4 majority, Justice Thomas refused to stretch the 14th amendment’s “due process” clause to guard the right to bear arms. Instead, he bravely read the constitution the way it was written, with little regard for how his opinion would be attacked from both the left and the right. His opinion acknowledged that the right to bear arms was clearly one contemplated by the framers of the “privileges or immunities” clause. Justice Thomas stood with Fredrick Douglass, and stood up for a black man trying to protect himself and his family in a city where the police admittedly cannot.
Otis McDonald is that black man, the fourth to whom I owe so much. As I attempt to raise my two sons to be strong, confident and secure Christian men, I am grateful that this 76-year-old grandfather fought for my right to protect them from those who might try to do them harm.
I purchased a gun several years ago, when I became concerned for the safety of my young family after receiving a verbal racial assault in our 21st century Northern California neighborhood. Perhaps I am the only Stanford Law professor who owns guns, including the one that once graced my father’s lap on that porch forty years ago. As an American, I am grateful for that gun. I am also grateful for the four black men who have made it possible for my sons to sleep at night, secure in the knowledge that I, and it, will do what is necessary to protect them. | <urn:uuid:2f737d47-8e47-46ba-8fac-d4571c123260> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://pileusblog.wordpress.com/2010/07/15/a-word-of-thanks-to-four-black-men-and-a-gun/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368710006682/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516131326-00025-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974721 | 1,872 | 2 | 2 |
Educational attainment, the schools we attend, the neighborhoods we grow up in, and the family that shapes us, all represent the context which gives our language meaning, its connotations. But the dictionary and the official meanings in it is an important shared frame of reference; or is it? In search of meaning, intentions and aggression, we often find ourselves in front of the proverbial mirror of shame. There always seems to be plenty of blame to go around when people are mean to one another. But to complain about UFC culture seems to go beyond reason to a place where words or meaning may no longer hold much substance.
Life in today’s diverse America is becoming quite interesting and the language to explain it increasingly seems to fall short. Public behavior, especially public behavior tied to corporate profits and corporate values, has ramifications beyond colloquialisms and local vernacular. Because the spoken word is usually magnified and made more powerful when it is repeated by those who have the means, people who speak to the wrong person (s) or in the wrong place, or at the wrong time, get crucified. Someone is always ready to listen and to register a complain for all the good people to weigh in and render a collective judgement. What passes for conversation, if inelegant or far from eloquent, in the confines of comrades and buddies in local corners or man caves, can be quite the consternation in a public setting–even when it is said in a spectacle of violence, and mostly indecency, displayed for the public palate. Apparently it is ok to beat another human being nearly to death but it is not okay to call them names? What ever happened to sticks and stones will break my bones, etc., etc. etc. We have reached the day when the tongue is mightier than the sword and the public sense of decency is measured by what Oscar Wilde himself may have seen as ironic and inane.
Tell us here at The Policy ThinkShop what you THINK???
“UFC fighter Nate Diaz (above) was suspended by the mixed martial arts body on Thursday night for earlier in the week using a gay slur against another fighter. That’s typically where a manager or someone else would step in and get the athlete to apologize and …” | <urn:uuid:82282776-27aa-4f6b-abf1-1f36660a0cf7> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://policyabcs.wordpress.com/category/weseereason/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705953421/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120553-00018-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962622 | 462 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Council of Ex-Muslims of Britain
5 November 2007
It is outrageous that the British Government is to hand out public money to Islamic organisations, and that taxpayers should help train clerics and fund madrassas, which are in effect sectarian schools and recruiting grounds for political Islam.
It is insulting that Hazel Blears sees this as ‘giving communities’ strength and skills – these Islamic organisations, clerics, and other self-appointed ‘community partners’ and self-styled ‘leaders’ do not represent a ‘community’ but rather political Islam.
We strongly believe that rather than being part of any solution, these organisations and individuals are part of the problem. Contrary to its claims, evidence suggests that the Government’s track record is tantamount to one of befriending and supporting Islamic groups. Now, not content with encouraging Islamic organisations and the primacy of religious identity, the Government is using public money to fund these.
The Council of Ex-Muslims of Britain contends that it should not be the business of the Government to support religious belief and to underwrite the control of the ulema over their ‘faith communities’. We think that it would be far more socially beneficial to spend the £70 million on public services in ghettoised areas as well as to encourage a non-sectarian, secular outlook with an emphasis on citizenship and universal rights -free of ‘faith’ labels. | <urn:uuid:5abd6cc9-3117-42b7-a009-2ac81948ca6e> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://freethoughtblogs.com/maryamnamazie/2007/11/05/funding-islamic-organisations-support-political-islam/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703298047/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112138-00023-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945748 | 293 | 1.554688 | 2 |
May 12, 2002 The Denver Post by Theo SteinBOISE, Idaho - With a congressional hearing on chronic wasting disease scheduled for this week, biologists, agriculture officials and sportsmen called Saturday for massive federal funding to help study and control the fatal brain illness of deer and elk.
Idaho has not recorded a case of CWD, but outbreaks from Wisconsin to Canada brought wildlife supporters from across the continent to a weekend conference at Boise State University.
'I have not missed a hunting season since I returned from Korea 50 years ago,' said former Idaho Gov. Cecil Andrus, who served as Interior Secretary under President Carter. 'I hope to still have that opportunity, and I hope my children will have it.' Steve Huffaker, director of the Idaho Fish and Game Department, said the hunting-and-fishing economy is equivalent to the Idaho potato industry. 'It's not just on the sports pages anymore,' he said.
On Thursday, a joint session of the House Subcommittee on Forest and Forest Health and the Subcommittee on Fisheries, Conservation, Wildlife and Oceans will hear from 18 governors, scientists, sportsmen and wildlife advocates about the economic and cultural threat posed by the disease.
First identified at a Colorado State University wildlife research station in 1967, chronic wasting disease has resisted 30 years of efforts to discern its secrets.
The disease, which causes its victims to grow thin and die as it eats holes in their brains and spinal cords, infects wild deer and elk in a 16,000-square-mile area of northeastern Colorado, adjacent parts of Wyoming and the Nebraska panhandle. It has infected almost 60 ranched elk herds in seven states and two Canadian provinces, most notably Colorado and Saskatchewan.
Veterinarians at the conference said that closing the knowledge gaps is vital to the success of any control program. Mary Kay Tinker, veterinarian for the USDA Animal Health and Plant Inspection Service's Idaho office, said problems - including uncertainty about the mode of transmission, the length of incubation and the lack of a live test - have hamstrung efforts to contain CWD outbreaks. A lack of coordination among state and federal agencies also has hurt, she said.
A major battleground over CWD is Wisconsin, where officials announced this month they will try to kill 15,000 white-tailed deer in a 300-square-mile area where 14 infected animals were killed last fall and this winter.
'There's a lot of scared people in my state,' said Ralph Fritsch, wildlife chair of the Wisconsin Wildlife Federation. Fritsch said the group supports the control plan. 'We feel the longer we sit and wait, the greater the chance (the disease) will expand.'
But a group called Citizens Against Irrational Deer Slaughter has formed to oppose the plan, claiming that too little is known about the disease to justify it.
'When you get into the public-policy arena, you learn there's a whole lot of politics and not a lot of science that goes into it,' said Duane Hovorka, executive director of the Nebraska Wildlife Federation, where officials hope to sample 4,000 mule deer brains this fall to find out how far the disease has spread in the western panhandle.
While Nebraska officials say it's too early to determine the origin of the outbreak, the link between infected game ranches and new infections in wild herds has Hovorka and many others calling for bans on the alternative livestock industry.
The resurrection of game herds by U.S. and Canadian officials 100 years ago was 'the greatest conservation success story in history,' said Darrel Rowledge, director of the Alberta group Alliance for Public Wildlife.
But diseases spawned on game farms threaten to undo that success, he said. Canadian officials have slaughtered 8,000 elk and spent $ 65 million to control CWD outbreak in Saskatchewan.
Alberta just had its first case, despite a 10-year ban on elk imports to the province.
More than a decade ago, the Canadian government's decision to let ranchers import elk from the U.S. - despite warnings that the existing tuberculosis test was ineffective - led to an outbreak that cost the nation its TB-free status, something it hasn't recovered from, Rowledge said.
'What's the justification for (game ranching)?' he said. 'It's brown on the environmental side, and on the economic side it bleeds red ink.'
'The solution to the problem is not to run elk ranchers out of business,' said Dr. Rex Rammell, an elk rancher and veterinarian from Rexburg, Idaho. 'This is not our fault. We have a right to exist commercially, so there's no use talking about any more moratoriums on movement.'
Gloria Stigall, whose family was forced to euthanize a herd of elk boarded at a Del Norte, Colo., ranch caught up in last year's outbreak, pleaded for cooperation between wildlife and agricultural interests.
All 37 of her elk had to be slaughtered for officials to perform the brain tests for the infectious protein believed to cause the malady. None were infected.
'It absolutely ripped the soul out of me,' Stigall said in a quavering voice. 'Please take the money you're using to battle each other and develop a live test.' | <urn:uuid:e67cc4ce-f0a7-414c-a09d-77f53a36eff0> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.organicconsumers.org/madcow/blitz51202.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706153698/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120913-00016-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952108 | 1,090 | 2.296875 | 2 |
A win-win situation is in a salary negotiation is when the candidate feels valued, the employer feels they are getting value and both feel they are in a long term relationship, not short term ‘settling’, whether for a low-paying job on one side, or an overpaid unknown on the other. Salaries affect the entire organization on many levels: financial, staff morale, work culture and quality of employee among others. Review the organization’s pay system and methodology on a regular basis to ensure you are staying current.
- Know what type of salary the candidate will expect, whether asking in the job posting, or by learning how much they earned previously while reference checking. Don’t be blindsided by what a candidate asks for.
- Research the typical salary range in the industry, job level and location. Know if you are offering more or less than the going rate. The candidate will likely have done this research as well.
- Expect tough negotiations from more experienced, higher level candidates – and after all the scrutinizing, fact-checking and interviewing this stage of the process needs concentration. Know your highest number and all salary information before going into negotiations. Even if the salary isn’t negotiable, prepare to discuss benefits, paid time off, tuition assistance, signing bonus, car allowance, cell phone, and any other possible perk
- Clearly communicate those benefits to any candidate: people value perks and benefits such as health care as much as a higher salary. If they are not clear on what is being offered, they may ask for a higher pay.
- Even if you have to start over with a new candidate, stay within the organization’s limits. This will potentially save years of headaches, both financially and among staff who may feel slighted.
- What are the company’s expectations for the new employee? Instead of risking overpaying by having expectations that are too high, have a salary review in 3 or 6 months to discuss performance and possible pay increases.
- Think long term: perhaps in today’s economy you can get away with paying highly skilled people less, but they will always be looking for better opportunities down the road.
- Consider work culture: competitive environment, or team atmosphere? The pay system has a huge impact on how employees interact and treat one another.
- What are the HR strategies? Are you tasked with attracting an elite, highly skilled workforce? You may need to offer higher than the industry standard. If cheap labour and a high turnover is not a problem, than pay less.
- Consider pay as an incentive to motivate staff. Carefully weigh everyone’s base salaries, wage
- increases and bonus pay. By rewarding one worker will you be de-motivating others who have worked hard? Or by rewarding everyone equally, do you lessen the motivation of a star employee?
- Have a clear pay philosophy. Don’t publicize individual salaries, but make the reasons and methods behind determining pay transparent and consistent.
- One successful method is to have set salary ranges for each level within the organization. More qualified, experienced and skilled employee will earn at the higher end of the range, while newer employees will likely start at the low end. These helps keep everyone on the same footing, while allowing for salary increases and negotiations within a particular range.
Remember that no one wins if one party ‘loses’ the salary negotiation. Either the company is paying too much, or the employee is unhappy with their wage. Always strive for a win-win approach.
Marketing & Design | HireGround | <urn:uuid:87d82895-5475-4dc3-a2b8-3efb72f47afe> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.hiregroundsoftware.com/blog/hr-blogs/win-win-salary-negotiations/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696382584/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092622-00042-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944272 | 737 | 1.703125 | 2 |
FAO Director-General Jacques Diouf says that "in many countries - particularly in developing countries and in agrarian societies, production of staple food, cash crops and livestock relies heavily on women's labour. Most of their back-breaking work is unpaid or grossly underpaid, and agricultural tool producers, researchers and extension workers give little attention to alleviating the drudgery of women's lives".
With this edition, we publish the results of a study - by IFAD and FAO's Agriculture Department - that drives the point home. A survey in five countries of sub-Saharan Africa found that many rural women are helping to "feed the world" using inadequately designed and poorly made handtools, and with little or no access to the income, credit and training that would allow them to adopt more efficient and productive technologies. The report urges farming services to involve women farmers in production training, promote consultation between blacksmiths and female clients, and include advice on farm tools and implements in extension campaigns. See Spotlight: Women and farm tools.
Agricultural finance revisited
The volume of agricultural credit has been shrinking in many developing countries since the beginning of the 1980s. Numerous agricultural development banks collapsed during that period, and the remaining institutions often lack the organizational strength and business skills needed to serve to small farmers. AG's Rural Finance Group and the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) are collaborating a new publications series, "Agricultural finance revisited", that will analyse the impact of modern financial technologies for small-scale clients, and elaborate better policies and practices. Six modules are planned, covering FAO and GTZ experience, national-level policy formulation, technologies and resource mobilization for financial institutions, regulation and supervision, and improving financial skills on the farm. Follow this link for further details and to download the first two modules. | <urn:uuid:821e9a10-82e4-49f1-9dd8-5c071ef6fb04> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.fao.org/Ag/magazine/9810/default.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368702810651/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516111330-00034-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938214 | 372 | 2.9375 | 3 |
The Deep-Lying Playmaker-
There are several midfield roles that Manchester United has needed to address this summer, and they solved one of them early on. Shinji Kagawa showed considerable talent as an attacking midfielder in the past two seasons. Playing just behind the lead striker, he was able to score 13 goals and 8 assists in 31 Bundesliga appearances this past season. He has appeared as a strong scoring threat, to go with his talent for creating goals for others. His main issue in 2011/2012 was his problems with his teammate, Borussia Dortmund’s main striker, Robert Lewandowski, who Kagawa claimed was selfish and unwilling to play the ball off when he was the better option. Even through this conflict, he was able to score 13 goals to show what a dangerous scoring threat he is.
A creative attacking midfielder was a position that needed filling for Manchester United, as the only other options were an aging Ryan Giggs and Tom Cleverley, who has struggled with injuries and who could perhaps better be used in a deeper central midfield role. With the attacking midfielder role filled, one of the roles most desperately needing to be filled is that of a deep-lying playmaker.
The deep-lying playmaker is a role that has become more common with the increasing dominance of the 4-2-3-1 formation. In a 4-4-2 formation, the two central midfielders played in one of two different ways. The first was that they both functioned as box to box midfielders, where they have equal offensive and defensive skills and are both equipped to make the forward runs necessary to assist the strikers in the box. The other option was that one of the central midfielders stayed deep, as a defensive shield or ‘destroyer’, and the other central midfielder was primarily focused on the offensive tasks as the ‘passer’. The ‘destroyer’ had very little offensive tasks, and primarily stayed deep to ensure that he was in a good defensive position. The ‘passer’ was the midfielder with the offensive skills, who is responsible for the offensive runs forward and also contributing the creative spark necessary to feed the ball laterally to the wingers or forward to the strikers.
The midfielders in 4-2-3-1 are used differently than in the 4-4-2. In the 4-2-3-1, the central midfielders tend to be more specialized. There are 3 central midfielders in the 4-2-3-1, with two central defensive midfielders(CDM) sitting deep in front of the defensive line and 1 central attacking midfielder(CAM) behind the lone striker. The CAM is an offensive player, typically the creative outlet to lead the team’s attack. The CDM typically sit very deep, and their main responsibility is to provide defensive cover. Some teams will play with CDM’s who have very little offensive skills, and who are only used to help control possession and move the ball laterally, but it is becoming more common that one of the CDM will remain a defensive specialist and the other will function as a deep-lying playmaker.
Deep-Lying Playmaker Skills and Abilities-
The deep-lying playmaker functions between the opposition’s defensive and attacking line. He sits deeper than a standard central midfielder, and is a talented passer; Not just short and quick passes that are the main weapon of a central attacking midfielder, but he’s also responsible for playing long passes to switch the play to the other flank. He needs to be able to bypass an opposing defense by playing a ball over top or a through-ball to split the defense. The lobbed balls are often played diagonally out to the wingers, while the through-balls are often played to a quick forward to receive the ball in space.
As important as his passing skills, the deep-lying playmaker needs to have excellent vision and tactical awareness. Being able to deliver the sharpest pass is meaningless if the midfielder can’t read the game, and pick out the right player to play the pass to. This means the deep-lying playmaker needs to keep his head up, looking down the field for the open player, while also being comfortable with the ball at his feet. Additionally, he also needs a good first touch, with the dribbling ability to play the ball out from the back with confidence.
With good creativity and passing skills, the deep-lying playmaker also needs to be a competent defender. Another attribute expected in many deep lying playmakers is accurate long range passing. Some deep-lying playmakers have good long-range shooting skills, and they can score the occasional highlight reel goal, but they rarely make forward runs as they are needed to shield the defense. They either do this alone, or, in formations like a 4-2-3-1, with another central defensive midfielder who helps them to ensure the opposition doesn’t have gaps in front of the defensive line to take advantage of.
In Italy, they have a special variety of the deep-lying playmaker called a regista. A regista is an Italian term for a midfield playmaker, who often tends to be a deep lying midfielder. The literal definition of the word is ‘Director’, and this player is expected to sit deep and direct the attack. He is allowed to move freely, both laterally and vertically on the pitch. His attacking skills are similar to most other deep-lying playmakers (good creativity, vision, short-range passing, accurate long passes, and ball control), but the main difference comes from the defensive responsibilities. In most countries, the deep-lying playmaker is expected to put in a good defensive effort, but the regista is almost entirely focused on the attack. He’s able to do this because he often has one (or more) midfielders alongside him to cover the defensive tasks. His focus on the attack is very similar to a trequartista, with the difference being that the regista does his work from a much deeper position than the trequartista.
A great example of a typical regista is Andrea Pirlo. He tends to be fairly mobile, able to move along the entire width of the pitch to support the fullbacks as well as push further up the pitch to link with attacking players. In the 2011/2012 season, Pirlo picked up 15 assists in 49 appearances. He averaged 3.1 key passes a game, while completing 87.1% of 78.5 passes a game. His passing skills can truly be appreciated with his 10.1 long balls a game. He serves as a prototypical regista, with his exceptional passing stats but his defensive stats are much lower than you will find from deep-lying playmakers in other countries.
Manchester United’s deep-lying playmakers-
This transfer window has been filled with rumors linking Manchester United with deep-lying playmakers, such as Tottenham’s Luka Modric or Real Madrid’s Nuri Sahin. The Red Devils have been linked with players like this as they hope to bring in some younger reinforcements, all while currently having two of the most effective deep-lying playmakers in the world in Michael Carrick and Paul Scholes. Both Paul Scholes and Michael Carrick are quality deep-lying playmakers, but they aren’t clones and they interpret the deep-lying playmaker role in 2 different ways.
Paul Scholes certainly didn’t start as a deep-lying playmaker, as early in his career he played as an attacking midfielder and striker. He excelled in this role in the 1990s and early 2000s, but as he got older and lost some of his pace and stamina, his starting position started to move deeper into the midfield. While he may not have the speed he had earlier in his career, his ball-handling and passing skills have only gotten better.
Watching Paul Scholes, his style of play in the central midfield is close to an Italian regista. At 37 years old, he has lost some of his speed and stamina, but he is just as dangerous with the ball at his feet. He always has his head up, looking downfield for the next pass. He has great vision, and the tactical intelligence that allows him to read the game and play passes that takes a defense apart. He’s extremely accurate, both with his short passes and his long passes, as he averaged a 93% pass completion rate and averaged 9.5 long balls a game in 2011/2012. He attempted 184 long passes in 17 Premier League appearances, and he completed 125 of them, giving him a 67% success rate. Because of these skills, Sir Alex Ferguson uses him in the deep midfield to help control possession. He will play the ball from flank to flank, with accurate passes that help United build pressure on the opposition, but he’s equally capable of playing long diagonal passes out wide to the wing when the opening presents itself.
He’s skilled with the ball at his feet, with a deft first touch, and his accuracy and ball control leads to very few turnovers. Paul Scholes put up many impressive stats this past season, but his most impressive stat has to be just 10 turnovers in 1,169 minutes. It’s rare to see Scholes take more than 2 touches with the ball, as he will quickly play a pass to catch the defense off-guard. This gives him a great advantage, as many playmakers need to take several touches on the ball before playing their next pass, and this gives the defense time to apply pressure and close down passing lanes. Against Aston Villa in April, 2012, Scholes had 79 touches during the game, and 67 passes. His vision and quick passes cause problems for the defense as he can quickly move the ball from flank to flank to split a defense.
The 37-year old former English international plays very similar to an Italian regista, but his defense has improved over what is typical for a regista. Early in his career, Scholes was well known for some rash tackles and picking up untimely yellow cards. This continued as he dropped deeper into the central midfield, but last year he showed that his defense is much improved. He averaged 2.3 tackles a game, and 1.4 interceptions, while only picking up 3 yellow cards in 17 appearances. He still has times when his emotions can get the best of him, but his positioning and timing improved and this was shown in a success rate of over 50% in possession duels.
Michael Carrick came to United in June of 2006 from Tottenham Hotspur to replace Roy Keane, the former club captain. The transfer was initially £14 million, but it eventually rose to just over £16 million with his performance for the club. At Tottenham, and West Ham before that, he tended to play fairly forward in the central midfield, but when he came to Old Trafford, he was dropped deeper in the midfield.
Paul Scholes plays very close to a prototypical Italian regista, but Michael Carrick plays differently. Carrick excels offensively with his movement, short-range passing, and his calm tactical awareness. He doesn’t get flustered, and he turns the ball over even less than Scholes. Carrick is as accurate with his short-range passing as Paul Scholes, completing 90.1% of his passes, but his long-range passing skills aren’t quite as sharp. Scholes averages 9.5 long balls a game, while Carrick averages 6. He does a great job helping the Red Devils to control possession, and move the ball laterally in hopes of stretching a defense out, but he struggles to play the long dangerous diagonal passes to unlock a defense like his teammate. He is still capable of playing the incisive pass to unlock a defense, but they aren’t as frequent as you’d get from his 37-year old teammate.
The part of Michael Carrick’s game that really makes him effective is the quality defense he plays to pair with his offensive talents. He reads the game well, and positions himself to close down passing lanes for the opposition. He led the Red Devils in the 2011/2012 Premier League season with 2.4 interceptions a game, and he would also block 0.5 shots a game as a central midfielder. His ability to read the game, and position himself appropriately also allows him to make quality tackles without giving away fouls. Averaging 3 tackles a game, only Rafael ended up averaging more tackles than him per game last season.
His strong defensive abilities, combined with his playmaking and passing skills, have made him an important part of Manchester United’s midfield, and one of the best deep-lying playmakers in the world.
With the rise of formations using deep central midfielders, such as 4-2-3-1 and 4-1-4-1, the deep-lying playmaker is become an important commodity in today’s game. Most teams have a playmaker further up the field, directing the attack into the box, but having somebody with the vision and passing skills sitting back deep in the midfield makes it easier to control possession, and launch attacks to unlock the defense before they get a chance to settle in deep. The deep-lying playmaker has a good view of the pitch, and often has more time on the ball than the advanced playmaker to pick out his passing options.
Watching a team play with a deep-lying playmaker, against a team who is just fielding 1 (or 2) standard defensive midfielders, makes it easy to see the advantages the deep-lying playmaker offers. A good example was in the 2011/2012 Champion’s League Quarter-Finals, between Real Madrid and CSKA Moscow. Now, CSKA Moscow was always going to be outgunned by the big spending Spanish giants, but the way that Real Madrid was able to dominate possession, control the game, and launch attacks at will owes much to the quality of play by Xabi Alonso. A lot of attention has been paid to Mesut Ozil, the excellent attacking midfielder they acquired from Werder Bremen, but Xabi Alonso has had an equally important role in Madrid’s success.
There seem to be two different styles of deep-lying playmakers, with one becoming more dominant and the other becoming an endangered species. Deep-lying playmakers in the mould of Paul Scholes, Andrea Pirlo, Xabi Alonso, Xavi Hernandez, and Luka Modric, seem to be fairly rare and hard to find. These are the players that can sit deep, and direct their teams attack. They are exceptional short and long-range passers. They have superior vision, and the tactical awareness to play the perfect pass at the perfect time. Defensively, they often range from poor to competent and are often paired up with another more defensively minded midfielder.
The other deep-lying playmaker is becoming more common, and these are basically defensive midfielders with improved passing skills and creativity. Michael Carrick, Sergio Busquets, Bastian Schweinsteiger, Alexander Song, and Thiago Motta are all these type of skilled passing defensive midfielders. They don’t have the passing skills to succeed at the long passes like the other type of deep lying playmakers. They also won’t pick apart a defense as easily, as their vision and creativity aren’t quite as sharp, but they have much better defensive skills than a typical regista will. They also don’t need another defensive midfielder playing alongside them, like a regista will, and this gives the team more flexibility.
With more formations requiring defensive midfielders, the demand for deep-lying playmakers is growing faster than the supply and it’s causing the transfer fees for the available playmakers to rise fast. This seems likely to continue for a while, until youth academy’s start training more deep-lying playmakers or a new formation comes along that does away with the position. Currently, Manchester United is very fortunate to have 2 of the best deep-lying midfielders in the game, but with one 37 years old and the other 31 years old, it is also the time to try and find one for the future. The current hope is that Tom Cleverley will be a deep-lying playmaker, with similar skills to Paul Scholes. Unfortunately, if this doesn’t work out, the funds required to bring in a deep-lying playmaker is likely to limit United’s prospects.
By RangeRooney Follow @RangeRooney
Related items from Red Rants: | <urn:uuid:90c960e8-f6ef-460e-ba59-3a5fa560a49d> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://redrants.com/the-tactics-board-deep-lying-playmaker-needs-for-mufc/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706890813/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516122130-00035-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980229 | 3,440 | 1.5 | 2 |
Nowadays Americans are reaching for sparkling wine more often, and not just for the holidays and special occasions. But unless you are fluent in French, most sparkling wine and Champagne labels can confuse even the most ardent connoisseur of the bubbly.
Fortunately, Washington is home to two sparkling wine houses that are easy to pronounce, easy on the pocketbook and easy over the lips -- Domaine Ste. Michelle, a value label from Ste. Michelle Wine Estates in Woodinville, and Mountain Dome Winery, one of the undiscovered gems right here in Spokane.
In this country, bubbly is usually called sparkling wine since tradition dictates that only sparkling wines made from grapes grown and produced in the Champagne region of France can be called "Champagne." It is produced using Chardonnay or Pinot Noir grapes, with occasional splashes of Pinot Meunier, Pinot Gris or other varietals added.
So far, Washington has not been a major player in the world of sparkling wines, but the late Michael Manz and his family have produced Mountain Dome sparkling wines in the labor-intensive m & eacute;thode champenoise style since 1984. Shortly before his unexpected death, Manz talked about his affection for sparkling wine and Champagne.
"[My wife] Pat and I love champagne, and we knew if we were to make sparkling wine in the traditional method, it would be more expensive, more labor intensive and much more difficult," said Manz, who had promoted his son Erik and essentially retired from the day-to-day wine production before his death. "We wanted to produce a sparkling wine in the $15 range that would be affordable, tasty and could be served with dinner or on a special occasion."
The m & eacute;thode champenoise is labor intensive because the wine must go through a secondary fermentation in the bottle. Winemakers add a mixture of sugar and yeast, called the liqueur de triage, to still wine, which is then bottled, capped and laid horizontally. The yeast acts on the sugar, but the resulting carbon dioxide remains trapped in the bottle. Good sparkling wines are usually left to ferment for several months to several years. At the end of the process, the cap is removed and replaced with the traditional cork and wire cage, thus the pop when the carbon dioxide is released.
& lt;span class= & quot;dropcap & quot; & N & lt;/span & estled on 85 acres among the hills northwest of Spokane, Mountain Dome is the largest family-run sparkling house in the Northwest. Besides Erik as the winemaker, Patricia Manz and John Mueller run the operations, along with help from Manz's other two grown children.
"That is what makes this work -- being a family operation," said Manz. "I can do this with my family -- it is something you can hand over to them. We live in a beautiful setting, and I have all the open space I want."
Mountain Dome's wines are impressive and affordable, ranging from the Non-Vintage Brut (so named because the grapes are sourced from different years), which is priced about $15, to the Cuv & eacute;e Fort & eacute;, the best of the best ($35-$40), a special blend of Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier from four separate vineyards. The Cuv & eacute;e Fort & eacute; is made only during exceptional years for the fruit, and the next vintage will be 2000. The winery also produces a Brut Ros & eacute; (with the new one scheduled for release in a few months) and a Vintage 1999.
This year, the winery is offering splits, or half-bottles, of the non-vintage sparkling wine. Pat Manz said it was a frequent request from customers, so the winery has a good supply for those who don't want to open a large bottle.
At Domaine Ste. Michelle, five sparkling wines are offered, ranging in price from $11 for the Cuv & eacute;e Brut to $20 for the 2000 Luxe, which is made from 100 percent Chardonnay. The winery also produces a sweeter sparkler called Frizzante.
All sparkling wines will work with a holiday dinner or as an ap & eacute;ritif after a long day at work. Sparkling wines also compliment salty foods, much the way beer works with pretzels. So, at the next football party, crack open a bottle of bubbly and check out the surprised reaction. Better yet, sparkling wine makes a great gift, and is the perfect accompaniment for that New Year's Eve toast and celebration.
May all your troubles during the coming year be as short as your New Year's resolutions!
MANZ FAMILY UPDATE
The unexpected death of Michael Manz last month stunned the Spokane wine community, but his wife Pat says the family is continuing forward with the winery, knowing it is what Michael would want.
"My pastor says we are doing as well as can be expected," says Pat. "The weekends, of course, are the hardest, since Michael and Erik and John spent a lot of time working in the winery on the weekends."
Pat says her husband would be especially proud of his son Erik, who has stepped up to direct operations at Mountain Dome in the past month. She also wants to thank distributors and the Spokane wineries for all their support in the past few weeks.
"I love the camaraderie of the Spokane wineries," Pat says. "We've had such tremendous support from the wineries and others in the communities and we want to thank everyone."
Michael began a brandy-making project before his death, and Pat says that project will be on hold for a while, as the family focuses on the sparkling and still wines for the near future. | <urn:uuid:123131d4-a62c-48a4-a7c9-386d07c9fe13> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.inlander.com/spokane/article-8869-new-years-sparkle.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705559639/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115919-00071-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968724 | 1,231 | 1.53125 | 2 |
When Jewish loyalty meets the brutality of Israel
On occasion I am asked by people who read my column why I never write about the problem of Israel and the Palestinians. Sometimes the question is raised simply out of curiosity. Sometimes it has an aggressive edge. If I am willing to write about the impact of British settlement on the Australian Aborigines, why do I remain silent about the impact of Jewish settlement on the Palestinians?
Part of the answer to this question is banal. I am not a specialist in the politics of the Middle East. Part of the answer is, however, complex. For a long time I have found the question of Israel and the Palestinians an unusually troubling one. As a post-Holocaust Jew I feel the tug of loyalty to my people. Yet precisely because of what the Jews have experienced at the hands of other people, the brutish behaviour of the Israeli state towards the Palestinians in recent years has seemed to me particularly shameful.
My general attitude to the question of Israel and the Palestinians is most easily explained autobiographically.
The explanation must begin with the fact that I am not now nor have ever been a Zionist. Zionists believe that because of the inevitability of anti-Semitism, for Jews to become safe they need a national home. This seems to me simply wrong. Since the end of the World War II, the place of Jews in all Western societies has been unproblematic.
Yet although I am not a Zionist, I have been throughout my life a supporter of the idea of Israel. As a result of the Holocaust, in 1947 the international community decided to establish a Jewish state. That decision seems to me to have been just and, as importantly, irrevocable.
Partly as a consequence of Arab military opposition to the creation of Israel and partly because of the calculated policy of the Jewish leadership, the 700,000 Palestinian Arabs who now fled or were forcibly driven from their ancestral homes suffered grievously as a result. To the Palestinian question - why should we have been asked to pay the price for the Jewish tragedy in Europe? - I have never heard, or believed there to be, a morally adequate reply.
My deepest pro-Israel feeling occurred in 1967 at the beginning of the Six-Day War. For a brief moment it seemed possible that Israel would be annihilated. As a consequence, however, of its victory in this war, Israel gained control of vast new territory - on the West Bank of the Jordan, in Gaza, on the Golan Heights and in Sinai. It now seems clear to me that Israel's failure to relinquish these territories sowed the seeds of future tragedy. It did not seem so clear at the time.
In the mid-1970s I went to Israel on an academic tour. Our group was assured that the "administered territories" were merely being held temporarily, as useful bargaining chips, in future peace talks with Israel's hostile neighbours. I dutifully believed what we were told.
In June 1977, the right-wing "revisionist" Zionist Likud bloc was elected. Likud had never accepted the legitimacy of the partition of Palestine. It called the occupied territories by their biblical names, Judea and Samaria. Immediately a far more active policy of Jewish settlement, in the lands God was supposed to have given the Jews in perpetuity, was announced.
Sometimes political questions are complicated. Sometimes they are simple. The June 1977 situation was of the simple kind.
I argued at this time that if Israel remained in permanent occupation of the West Bank and Gaza it would eventually be forced to decide whether or not to grant these Palestinians basic political rights. Enfranchising the Palestinians would, on demographic grounds, destroy the Jewish nature of the Israeli state. It would, therefore, not occur.
The logic of permanent occupation was permanent oppression. This would lead to an Algerian-style resistance movement and to the state of Israel coming to be seen as a neo-colonial regime.
These predictions have all turned out to be true. They required no expertise or perspicacity. Yet among the supporters of Israel they were angrily denied.
Ten years after Israel succumbed to the temptation of permanent occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, a Palestinian uprising began. If anything, I was surprised by how long it took to come.
Since that time I have never wavered from support for the idea of a two-state solution to the problem of the Palestinians and the Jews, on the basis of an Israeli withdrawal to something like the borders of June 1967 and an unambiguous Palestinian recognition of the Jewish state of Israel as a permanent fixture of the political geography of the Middle East. For Palestinian renunciation of the right of return to Israel, what is asked of Israel is an admission of the wrongs Palestinians have suffered at Jewish hands since 1948.
Since the intifada erupted in 1987 the nightmare of the Israeli occupation regime has grown ever more grim. On one side there have been Israeli military strikes, targeted assassinations, mass arrests, house demolitions, curfews, checkpoints and daily humiliations.
On the other side there have been Palestinian terrorists' savage suicide bombings of innocent Jewish civilians. All this had led to a climate of fearful hatred, whose depth outsiders find difficult to fathom and which even decades might not be able to erase.
As I write this, a new government is being formed in Israel; post-Arafat elections for the presidency of the Palestinian Authority are being prepared. Once more there is talk of peace.
Whether all this will once more end, as have all previous initiatives, from Oslo to Taba, in blood and acrimony, no one - not even the experts, far less a non-expert like myself - can possibly know.
Robert Manne is professor of politics at La Trobe University. | <urn:uuid:021993a8-3415-45d3-b4c4-63f524d9873f> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.smh.com.au/news/Robert-Manne/When-Jewish-loyalty-meets-the-brutality-of-Israel/2004/12/05/1102182154280.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696381249/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00054-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967873 | 1,186 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Mormonism and polygamy/Divorce in the 19th century
Joseph Smith era:
|FAIR Wiki Topical Guide|
|FAIR web site|
|FARMS web site|
Some members of the Church remarried without obtaining a formal legal divorce. Critics of the Church try to make this seem dishonest and adulterous.
Remarriage without a formal, legal divorce was the norm for the period, especially on the frontier and among the poor. Critics are not honest about the legal realities faced by nineteenth century Americans.
"Presentism" is an analytical fallacy in which past behavior is evaluated by modern standards or mores. Even worse than a historian's presentism is a historian exploiting the presentism of his readers. Critics do this repeatedly when they speak about legal issues. "Presentism," observed American Historical Association president Lynn Hunt, "at its worst, encourages a kind of moral complacency and self-congratulation. Interpreting the past in terms of present concerns usually leads us to find ourselves morally superior. . . . Our forbears constantly fail to measure up to our present-day standards."
Louisa Rising married Edwin Woolley "without first divorcing her legal husband," the dust jacket of George D. Smith's Nauvoo Polygamy teases. We are reminded later that "though she was not divorced from her legal husband, she agreed to marry" (p. 345). Eleanor McLean also married Parley Pratt without divorcing her first husband. It appears that G. D. Smith hopes to capitalize on ignorance about nineteenth-century laws and practices regarding marriage and divorce. "From the standpoint of the legal historian," wrote one expert who is not a Latter-day Saint, "it is perhaps surprising that anyone prosecuted bigamy at all. Given the confusion over conflicting state laws on marriage, there were many ways to escape notice, if not conviction." To remarry without a formal divorce was not an unusual thing in antebellum America.
- Bigamy or, rather, serial monogamy (without divorce or death) was a common social experience in early America. Much of the time, serial monogamists were poor and transient people, for whom the property rights that came with a recognized marriage would not have been much of a concern, people whose lives only rarely intersected with the law of marriage.
The Saints were often poor and spent most of their time on the frontier, where the legal apparatus of the state was particularly feeble. Women who had joined the church and traveled to Zion without their husbands were particularly likely to be poor, and also unlikely to be worried about property rights. Nor, not incidentally, were their husbands available for a formal divorce.
Does this mean that marriage in America was a free-for-all? Hardly, notes Nancy Cott:
- When couples married informally, or reversed the order of divorce and remarriage, they were not simply acting privately, taking the law into their own hands. . . . A couple about to join or leave an intimate relationship looked for communal sanction. The surrounding local community provided the public oversight necessary. Without resort to the state apparatus, local informal policing by the community affirmed that marriage was a well-defined public institution as well as a contract made by consent. Carrying out the standard obligations of the marriage bargain—cohabitation, husband's support, wife's service—seems to have been much more central to the approbation of local communities at this time than how or when the marriage took place, and whether one of the partners had been married elsewhere before.
It also should be remembered that because Joseph Smith, Brigham Young, and other Latter-day Saint leaders exercised exclusive jurisdiction over celestial or plural marriages, marriages conducted under their supervision had as much (or more) formal oversight as many traditional marriages in America during the first half of the nineteenth century. Critics of the Church often us nothing of this—with the result that some credulous readers might be horrified by the "loose" marriage practices of the Saints.
- [note] Lynn Hunt, "Against Presentism," Perspectives 40/5 (May 2002); available online at http://www.historians.org/perspectives/issues/2002/0205/ (accessed 2 December 2008).
- [note] Beverly J. Schwartzberg, "Grass Widows, Barbarians, and Bigamists: Fluid Marriage in Late Nineteenth-Century America" (PhD diss., University of California, Santa Barbara, 2001), 51–52.
- [note] Hendrik Harlog, Man & Wife in America: A History (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000), 87.
- [note] Nancy F. Cott, Public Vows: A History of Marriage and the Nation (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000), 37. | <urn:uuid:035e60d0-f143-45a0-8506-6e1cca22e60f> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://en.fairmormon.org/Mormonism_and_polygamy/Divorce_in_the_19th_century | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368711005985/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516133005-00016-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961215 | 1,002 | 2.984375 | 3 |
There are a few ways to learn how to make your own solar light. I will tell you about the easiest way to make it that will not cost a lot of money. Solar lights are good because you can use them in rooms in your house as well as outside for decoration and lighting.
Before you start making your solar light, you will need to go out and buy some stuff. Depending on how many solar lights you want to make you can just buy multiples of the following. First you will need a clear jar that has a lid. Just make sure it is a decent size because you will be assembling things inside of it.
Next, you will need some frosting spray and Blue Tak. Lastly, you will be buying single solar lights that come with single battery operation. To assemble, you will first spray the frosting spray into the jar. After it dries, you will then take the solar panel and battery pack out of the solar lamp and attach it to to inside of the lid using Blue Tak. Now all you have to do is reassemble the jar and you are finished. Enjoy it because you just learned how to make your own solar light. | <urn:uuid:b2fab449-eaf1-4255-9f5a-96285b3b1aab> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.residentialsolarpanels.org/solar-light | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705953421/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120553-00057-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963663 | 237 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Category: World / February 22, 2013 10:54 AM EST
Athens experienced heavy rain which resulted in mass flooding. Over 800 homes were in danger and called the fire department for help. Rainstorms had continued for hours causing the severe flooding leaving cars over turned and flooding neighborhoods.
Cars became trapped by the raging water as trees were uprooted. There were reports of people being trapped in their cars, but tales of their narrow escapes were also told. Relief aid attempted to clear up the hazards by removing uprooted trees, bushes and debris that clogged street drains.
Video Courtesy Of Reuters | <urn:uuid:a1c9bcb5-b39d-4f8b-b08b-c09e772d1fbc> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://tv.ibtimes.com/heavy-flooding-causes-havoc-and-fear-greece-9322 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368701852492/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516105732-00069-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.992543 | 121 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Health Services has Self-Care resources available for students. We provide self-care packets that include over-the-counter medicines, lozenges and thermometers. You can stop by the Health Center to pick up condoms, self-care packets, and patient education material.
Self-Care Center resources are available during Health Services hours of operation only. Our staff is available to answer any questions and can assist you with scheduling an appointment.
Students also have access to an online Self-Care Guide. This information is provided to help you make informed choices about your health. It offers suggestions for various conditions that can be tried on your own, it can help you decide when to make an appointment with a provider or seek urgent care if needed. There is also information on lifestyle and safety issues. Check it out! | <urn:uuid:b679fa5d-1452-4e00-b445-9cdbd5c38bd7> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.bowdoin.edu/health/services/self-care.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703298047/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112138-00019-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962429 | 163 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Globalization: Can Poor Nations Catch Up?
UCLA Today Online, May 27, 2008
The World Bank has predicted that only 10 developing countries, mostly from East Asia, can catch up with developed countries in the next 100 years.
This article was first published by UCLA Today Online.
By Ajay Singh
ON THE MORNING OF 9/11, as the world was transfixed by television images of the World Trade Center collapsing into rubble, a handful of Chinese entrepreneurs were busy churning out a product that would be seen everywhere in the United States the following day.
Sensing a business opportunity, they were mass-producing a small American flag that still flutters atop many vehicles today, a symbol of the wave of U.S. patriotism unleashed by the 9/11 attacks. The fact that the flags were manufactured and marketed so swiftly is a testament to our fast globalizing world as well as to the well-known entrepreneurial skills of the Chinese.
As Thailand's trade representative at the time, Kantathi Suphamongkhon liked to tell his fellow Thais that it could well have been them – and not the Chinese – who might have flooded the U.S. market with cheap American flags.
The only problem was that Thai businessmen were "too slow and needed to be more imaginative and competitive," Kantathi said in a lecture held at the Kerckhoff Hall Grand Salon. Titled "Globalization: A Blessing or a Curse? A Thai Experience," the May 19 talk was part of the annual Arnold C. Harberger Distinguished Lecture Series on Economic Development, presented by the Burkle Center for International Relations.
Contrary to widespread belief, globalization is not driven mainly by military might or even by multinational companies, said Kantathi, a senior fellow at the Burkle Center and a UC Regents professor who was Thailand's foreign minister in 2005-06. "Modern globalization is a major part of the electronic revolution that has made global communications cheap and acceptable to anyone who has the skills and the strategy to use it," he pointed out.
Although globalization does allow the poor to catch up with the rich, "this new freedom to succeed may not be a blessing for everyone," Kantathi said, citing World Bank statistics that show that during the last 40 years of the 20th century, rich nations were on average 30 times richer than poor nations.
"In 20 years of modern globalization, the World Bank has suggested that this gap between rich and poor countries can go all the way up from 30 to 200 times," Kantathi said. "In fact, the World Bank has predicted that only 10 developing countries, mostly from East Asia, can catch up with developed countries in the next 100 years."
Nations that might be rich in natural resources but lack the necessary technological skills and strategies to succeed in global markets will be "forever cursed," Kantathi warned. "It is one thing to run and catch up with a runner who has started a bit earlier. But it is a very different thing to run and try to catch up with a high-speed train."
So governments of developing nations must help local businesses and people succeed in global markets, he urged. A key part of Thailand's policy, for example, is to create "soft infrastructure," whereby broadband Internet services are introduced to the nation's remotest villages, and efforts made to send university students to study abroad – not just to the English-speaking world but to such technologically advanced nations as Germany, Britain, Russia and some dynamic Eastern European countries.
Thailand has learned a lot from Finland's experience.
"Finland used to be a poor country [that] only used to focus on forestry," Kantathi said.
"Nokia used to do toothpicks, but then it changed strategy. … Finland went into high technology and, as you know, it is now one of the most successful countries in the world."
Published: Tuesday, May 27, 2008 | <urn:uuid:054c9b55-1eb6-4a62-95ff-9d67ffa2868d> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.international.ucla.edu/asia/article.asp?parentid=92858 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368702810651/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516111330-00044-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975088 | 804 | 2.015625 | 2 |
MUTANT cane toads are being found in the industrial Queensland city of Gladstone, some with a third leg growing from their chest, while others have been found with eight toes instead of four.
Up to 20 per cent of cane toads in certain areas of the port city had malformations, compared to 1 per cent of toad populations in non-urban areas.
Gladstone is home to a coal-fired power station, two aluminium smelters and a developing liquefied natural gas industry.
Scott Wilson, of Central Queensland University, said between 6 per cent and 8 per cent of 10,000 cane toads examined throughout the Gladstone region in the past three years had been found with abnormalities. A council-run team, Gladstone Toadbusters, has caught the toads for environmental research.
High exposure to UV radiation and parasites, as well as chemical run-off and airborne pollution can contribute to amphibian abnormalities.
Dr Wilson said the city's heavy industry was not necessarily to blame for malformations in the toads, but water quality and health of fish in Gladstone Harbour had been the focus of environmental concern.
Temporary fishing bans were imposed after sick fish with skin lesions and cloudy eyes were found.
In 2011, 231 turtles and six dolphins were found dead in Gladstone.
Fishermen have blamed the water in the harbour for causing the problems, suggesting large-scale dredging projects had stirred up contaminants.
''There are a multitude of potential causes,'' Dr Wilson said. ''What might be happening at one site could be different to what's happening at another.''
''In fact, I did some preliminary work in Sydney with native frogs and found abnormalities in around 6 to 8 per cent of the population there.''
The mutations in Gladstone's cane toads could spell problems for native frogs in the region, too.
''Cane toads are to the fresh water environment, what canaries were to coal mines,'' Dr Wilson said. '' We've seen malformations constantly over the past three years, and we need to find out why.'' | <urn:uuid:a899177f-cc62-4db5-8e0b-1521859c4455> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.examiner.com.au/story/1295209/industrial-city-gives-birth-to-mutant-toads-as-queensland-researchers-look-for-cause/?cs=7 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368710006682/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516131326-00020-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971136 | 430 | 2.6875 | 3 |
It’s a good day when you can say you’re helping the world by playing a game of soccer.
A new business, the One World Futbol Project, has just released a soccer ball made of closed cell foam—similar to the material in Croc sandals—that the company says will last generations. It won’t deflate, even if you puncture it with a knife, and it’s been tested in many environments…including a lion’s den. The best news is that for every new ball the company sells on its website, it gives a second ball to an NGO, including refugee camps, UN hot spots and inner cities. And though the space-age technology used to make it means that your kid could someday be giving it to his kid, the cost of the ball (including the one that gets sent off to needy kids) is roughly in line with other top-tier versions: about $40.
The ball’s inventor, Tim Jahnigen, was inspired by a video of Darfur refugees playing soccer with balls made of trash, and received start-up money from Sting to produce it. In a Bloomberg interview, Jahnigen said that the images on CNN “were heartbreaking and inspiring at the same time...I saw children desperate to play, living in a world where nothing makes sense and they've been traumatized by irrational violence. In their innocence, they were willing to play with anything." But because of the harsh environment, where razor wire, broken glass and unpaved ground were par for the course, real soccer balls were almost instant casualties.
If you’re upgrading, don’t let that old gear go to waste. Sports Gift is a nonprofit organization that redistributes soccer balls, basketballs, volleyballs, baseballs, running shoes, and other equipment to more than 40,000 underprivileged children each year. And World Vision’s “Get a Kick out of Sharing” program seeks a quarter million new and used soccer balls to donate to needy children worldwide each year. | <urn:uuid:4f55f7cd-4c25-4888-9f35-c960bf9e6d1c> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://responsibility-project.libertymutual.com/blog/a-soccer-ball-for-good | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705559639/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115919-00036-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9659 | 426 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Sari, Dhea Kartika (2009) Figure of speech and its function used by leopold in kate and leopold movie. Bachelor thesis, Petra Christian University.Full text not available from this repository.
This study is about the types and function of figure of speech produced by Leopold in Kate and Leopold movie. The writer wants to find out the kind of Leopold?s figure of speech in his utterances and also to analyze the function of figure of speech itself. The writer uses Perrine?s theory to analyzing types of figure of speech and Searle?s theory to analyzing the function of figure of speech. The writer describes this research design, in this case, the approach of the study and how she collects and analyzes the data. She uses qualitative approach as the method of the study. The analysis itself consists of choosing the type of figure of speech, deciding the function of figure of speech and mapping both of them into a table. From the findings, the writer may infer several points. From the findings, it can be seen that the most dominated figure of speech that Leopold used are simile and hyperbole. Moreover, the highest number of figure of speech that can be seen in this study is hyperbole; it can be meant that the movie writer likes to express his message with exaggerated words. From the language function, the writer found that in this study the most dominated language function is expressive types. It can be conclude that figure of speech can be used to express feeling that can not or hard to explain through ordinary sentence. Figure of speech also helps to make the function of a sentence clearer and stronger.
|Item Type:||Thesis (Bachelor)|
|Uncontrolled Keywords:||figures of speech, speech act, language function|
|Date Deposited:||23 Mar 2011 18:48|
|Last Modified:||31 Mar 2011 18:33|
Actions (login required) | <urn:uuid:3e9e5e07-47a0-479c-bab3-9f7ece8a75b0> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://repository.petra.ac.id/1599/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709037764/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125717-00048-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931152 | 403 | 2.875 | 3 |
Certification's Critical Role
Since New Jersey introduced the first operator certification program in 1918, virtually every state and province has followed suit. The premise behind certification is simple—without a well-trained, skilled operator workforce, the best designed and constructed facility cannot be operated effectively. In addition, mandatory certification, through disciplinary measures, allows the state to remove certification from individuals demonstrating negligence, and thus a risk to public health and the environment.
Many water professionals throughout North America recognized the need for uniform operator certification standards among the states and provinces during the 1950s and 1960s. The rate of adoption of new certification programs and upgrading of existing programs, especially during the 1960s, underscored the acceptance of certification and its underlying concepts. From 1960 to 1970, the number of mandatory certification programs nearly tripled.
Dwindling Budgets and Increasing Importance
As state and provincial budgets tighten during tough economic times, there is greater pressure to review existing programs to ensure that they meet their objectives and provide value to taxpayers. Quantifying the value of operator certification programs can be challenging, but a strong certification program is an essential component to protecting public health and the environment and ensuring the professionalism of those entrusted with systems too.
Sadly, experience has demonstrated just how important well-trained and certified operators are to public health. In his book, Safe Drinking Water, Steve Hrudey, Professor Emeritus, University of Alberta, and Elizabeth J. Hrudey, reviewed the failures that resulted in disease outbreaks in over 70 communities. They concluded that:
“Drinking water providers must accept that providing continuously safe drinking water to all consumers at all times is a daunting task. This scientifically and technologically challenging undertaking continues to grow in its sophistication. These are characteristics of a knowledge-based industry. No amount of . . . stringency in drinking water quality criteria will serve consumers better than having their drinking water providers well-trained. Governments who believe that the public is willing to sacrifice drinking water safety for modest cost savings will find that failures ultimately tied to such false economies are not viewed kindly by the public” (Hrudey 2004).
Likewise, in his final public inquiry report on the E. coli outbreak in Walkerton Ontario, which killed seven people, Justice Dennis O’Connor noted that Operator Certification, “is an essential component of a safe drinking water system” (O’Connor 2002).
O’Connor specifically referenced the importance of meeting or exceeding the Association of Boards of Certification (ABC) and EPA certification standards. At the same time, he recognized the importance for certification standards to change as the water and wastewater
water industry evolves. Complacency in the water industry—the attitude that “the water’s always been fine” can influence both operators and legislatures to the public’s detriment (Smith 1995).
Where the water industry has failed, the cost to the public can be substantial. In the two outbreaks where economic analysis was conducted, Walkerton, Ontario; and Milwaukee, WI, the cost to individuals and communities is staggering. In Walkerton, a small town of 5,000 people, the impact to the community was estimated at $64,000,000 (Cdn). In addition, tens of millions were spent by the province in assistance (Hrudey 2004).
Certification of operators is not an end on itself. Effective programs need to document how their requirements (education, training, experience, and exams) directly relate to the skills and knowledge required to be an operator and how this in turn protects the public. Collaboration with other programs can also provide benefit.
Jenny Chambers, President of ABC, says providing resources to certification programs and promoting the profession through certification are among the top priorities of the organization representing certifiers from an international perspective.
“ABC is committed to efforts of making certain those individuals who are on the front lines of our public health systems and environmental protection are qualified professionals upholding the highest ethical and professional standards,” she says. “This commitment includes our current efforts of working to provide national professional recognition for certified operators.”
Chambers says state and provincial certifiers, EPA representatives, trainers, and other stakeholders recently gathered for the group’s 24th Annual Conference and discussed the top issues of the industry, which included the crucial impact of certification.
“One theme was consistent throughout the week—due to budget shortfalls, certification programs are expected to do more with less, but their role in protecting the public’s health and safety through water and wastewater treatment has never been more important,” she says.
Chambers also shares some of ABC’s current initiatives, which include development of a document that could assist programs in performing external reviews as required by EPA under the Safe Drinking Water Act.
“We’re looking to certification programs for information on all areas of their program to develop a Best Practices document which will serve as a tool for state certification programs,” she says. She adds that while each program operates differently, the Best Practices can provide a starting point for programs to assess their programs and build upon other state’s successes.
Chambers says the criticality of certification is not to be underscored.
“Society relies on trained and certified people to ensure that public health and the environment is protected and our investments in infrastructure are being properly maintained and operated,” she says. “We assure that these people have the knowledge and abilities needed to perform these tasks.”
Essential to advancing the quality of water is ensuring the professionalism of those entrusted to protect water systems. Certification of water professionals is a critical component in protecting public health systems.
Author's Bio: The Association of Boards of Certification is a non-profit membership organization, which includes almost 100 certifying authorities representing more than 40 states, nine Canadian provinces, and several international programs.
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HTMLOutput: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.HTMLOutput: Object reference not set to an instance of an object. | <urn:uuid:e7780057-2a52-481d-bb2f-cccfb2a916bc> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.waterefficiency.net/WE/Editorial/Certifications_Critical_Role_14740.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00010-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948997 | 1,246 | 2.96875 | 3 |
The Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) recently issued a notice, mandating companies to introduce their products in the market within the specified period, to ensure safety and efficacy.
According to the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, for any new drug, pharmaceutical firms should file a periodic safety update report (PSUR) every six months, for the first two years, after getting approval from the DCGI.
For the subsequent two years, PSUR needs to be filed annually. This enables authorities to monitor the safety and efficacy of a new drug in a post-marketing scenario for four years, after which it no longer remains a new drug.
"It has been observed many times that manufacturers do not launch the product even after years of getting approval from this office and the manufacturers do not submit the required PSUR, while the drug does not remain a new drug after a period of four years. Therefore, the assessment of safety and efficacy of such a new drug in a post-marketing scenario remains incomplete," the DCGI wrote to state drug controllers, asking them to cancel permission to manufacture such drugs in case the company fails to bring the medicine to market in time.
"It has been decided in public interest that in case an applicant/manufacturer fails to launch the product for marketing in the country within a period of six months from obtaining the permission or license, the permission/licence will be treated as cancelled," said the DCGI in the letter, a copy of which is reviewed by Business Standard.
In case of new drugs, pharmaceutical companies are mandatorily required to seek manufacturing licence from the DCGI. Based on that, it gets separate permission from state drug controllers as well.
However, once the drug completes four years, permission can be sought directly from the state controller.
Officials say to bypass post-marketing surveillance of their products, companies often delay the launch and would introduce the drug only after completing four years.
"The latest move is to close this loophole by making it mandatory for companies to launch their medicines within six months of getting approval. This will enable us to monitor the safety and efficacy of the drug in more patients," said an official.
Before a drug gets the final approval, companies are required to produce clinical trial data for the drug, based on which the regulator rejects or allows manufacturing and marketing of the medicine. However, clinical trials are conducted on a limited number of patients or subjects.
Therefore, the post-marketing surveillance is crucial to assess the behaviour and impact of the drug on a larger population.
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The Hubert Era 1961-1984
'Colorful' comes to mind when describing the origin of Dinter Engineering Company. The firm's founder, Mr. Hubert Dinter, began the electrical consulting engineering firm of H. C. Dinter & Associates in Reno, Nevada, in 1961. Just four years later Mr. Dinter and Mr. William Bulkeley formed a partnership which added mechanical engineering to the firm's services. Their early projects were a diverse mixture that included the Nevada State Museum, an addition to the Nevada State Mental Hospital, a new minimum security prison, fire stations, post offices, apartment buildings, offices, warehouses, schools, and airports.
Dinter Engineering Company has written a tribute to Hubert Dinter to honor him and to share with our clients our founder's intriguing life. Please take time to read his story: Tribute to Hubert Dinter.
An interesting piece of irony to this story is that Mr. Dinter was born on December 7, which later became Pearl Harbor Day, and is now also considered Founder's Day at Dinter Engineering. This is ironic because Hubert served as a German Messerschmitt pilot in World War II. In his personal life he was an avid outdoorsman who enjoyed sailing, bird and deer hunting, tennis, and jogging. It was while on a hunting trip in 1984 that he suffered a sudden fatal heart attack. After his passing, five of Hubert's key long-time employees joined together and purchased the company from his widow, Brigitte 'Muffy' Dinter. The new owners were:
- Peter Hackbusch - Electrical Designer
- Bill Vandenberg - Electrical Designer
- Eric Lovejoy, PE - Mechanical Engineer
- Ritch Golden, PE - Mechanical Engineer
- Suzie Myres - Accounting/Business Management
These employees founded the current corporation of Dinter Engineering Company in 1985 and became known within the company as 'The Big 5'.
The Big 5 Era 1984-2005
One of the first changes the Big 5 initiated was a whole new look with an updated logo and colors. Shortly after forming Dinter Engineering Company, the Big 5 added a new specialty of airfield lighting and electrical engineering in 1988 partly due to Eric Lovejoy's interest in flying as a private pilot and familiarity with airports. This expanded the firm's existing expertise in designing municipal, military, federal, hospital, and educational facilities to include airports. Dinter's dedicated Airfield Electrical Department now provides design services across the country.
The company further evolved as the Big 5 opened the ownership to employee purchase options, formed a Board of Directors, and divided their management efforts into five unique areas- with Pete running the Electrical Department, Eric the Airfield, Ritch the Mechanical, Bill the Marketing, and Suzie the Accounting. Eric Lovejoy was selected to be President. The company's physical address moved a few times with a long stint at 333 West Moana Lane before settling into its current location at 385 Gentry Way, Reno, Nevada in 1997. The Big 5 were an unbreakable unit until 1999 when Ritch Golden retired to travel Australia. Ritch currently supports Dinter as a sub-consultant providing LEED and QA/QC support. Shortly after Ritch's retirement, a current employee, Mr. Thomas Federici, P.E., was elected to the Board of Directors and promoted to Mechanical Department Manager.
Dinter Engineering Company had enjoyed 20 years of success and weathered major changes in its management and ownership structure when, the company began to take on another new form. In 2004, Eric Lovejoy left the firm to pursue other opportunities, followed a year later by Bill Vandenberg, who retired to enjoy fishing and bike riding with his family. Peter Hackbusch was elected the new President of Dinter, a position he still holds today. Tim Prockish, P.E. was already managing the Electrical Department, Tom Federici, P.E., the Mechanical, and Keller Hackbusch, PE (Peter's son) began managing the Airfield Department and Marketing. Suzie Myres continued managing Accounting.
In June of 2006, Dinter opened a branch office in Phoenix, Arizona.
The Executive Team Era 2008-Present
With the growth of Dinter, came more changes. The company doubled in size by 2008 and Keller Hackbusch, P.E. and Tim Prockish, P.E. were elected by the Board of Directors on March 7, 2008 to lead Dinter Engineering into the future with new energy and fresh ideas for growth and expansion. A new management team was formed, dubbed 'The Executive Team', with Keller Hackbusch the new Chief Executive and Tim Prockish the new Executive Vice President. This Executive Team provides a continuity of service and enhanced leadership while the Board of Directors mentors and oversees the Executive Team operations.
The purpose of the Executive Team is simple: to increase PROFITABILITY; provide LONGEVITY; develop SUBSTANTIAL, CONTROLLED GROWTH; and serve as CORPORATE LEADERSHIP. With the advice and business acumen of the Board of Directors behind the new energy and leadership of the Executive Team, Dinter Engineering Company has high expectations for the years to come.
We anticipate that August of 2009 will become one of the most progressive months in Dinter history with three major events occurring. See our news page.
First, Suzie Myres retired from nearly 30 years at Dinter to spend her time enjoying summers in Reno and winters in Phoenix, leaving only Peter Hackbusch as the last of the Big 5 remaining. Second, Dinter opened yet another branch office, this time in Coeur D'Alene, Idaho, planned and developed by Executive VP, Tim Prockish, P.E. Finally, Dinter has implemented a fresh brand, logo, and colors to represent Dinter's commitment to Engineering Confidence through quality work.
As of September 2009, Dinter Engineering Company's ownership consists of five men- Peter Hackbusch, Tom Federici, Tim Prockish, Ed Gansberg, and Keller Hackbusch.
Upcoming excitement will include planning for the Company's 50th anniversary in 2011 and looking ahead to where the future leads.
To date (9/09) Dinter Engineering employs 30 people between three offices and has completed over 4200 projects covering a wide range of airport, commercial, industrial, institutional, educational, municipal, health care, water/wastewater, federal, and military facilities of all sizes and complexities, from small rehabilitation projects to major new construction jobs across the country. | <urn:uuid:af2deb95-0bbe-4bab-a12f-b7f12565ecaf> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.jigsaw.com/id373811/dinter.com_companywiki.xhtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705953421/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120553-00058-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957172 | 1,357 | 1.859375 | 2 |
The Eco Kettle looks like a stylish electric jug kettle in appearance but it has a special feature that allows the user to fill the kettle to its maximum, but then allows them to boil one to eight cups according to their requirements.
The Eco Kettle is different to a normal kettle inside it has two compartments: the first, the reservoir holds 1.5 litres of water ready to use, while the measuring button allows any quantity from a single cupful to the full capacity to be released into the second, separate boiling compartment.
This means its alot easier to control the amount of water you need, every time you want a cuppa.
Consumer Trials directed by the Energy savings trust say that this Eco Friendly Kettle used over 30% less energy than standard kettles.
3KW stainless steel concealed element
steam control and boil-dry protection
360 Degree base with cord storage
Illuminated on-off switch
Washable limescale filter
230 Volts AC
1.5 litre capacity
Conforms to EN60335
12 months warranty
Minimum boil volume is nominally 200ml - about one tea cup.
NB The current Eco Kettle has been designed for UK electricity supply only, and is therefore not suitable for use in Europe.
Also available is the Eco Kettle ECO2 in white and the new ECO3 temperature control in Chrome.
Dispatched from: United Kingdom
|Deliver to||Cost||With another item|
Following a homework project by the children, we started trying to do our "bit" for the environment. Recycling bottles, plastic, cardboard into local council bins is well established and has slowly become the norm, but what happens next, and what more could we do. The more we learnt the more we became fascinated by the range of environmentally friendly products and eco gifts that are the end result of the recycling process, and the range of everyday products that are being developed that use less energy. Our results lead to many friends and family asking for details of where we bought this, what does this do, and why don't you start a business?? So here it is - our own online eco-store - to share with you the eco products we've found that we think cover many areas of our everyday lives, in the house, the office, the pencil case and eco gifts for friends and family.
Loading in just a jiffy! | <urn:uuid:5a94594c-188a-45fc-be03-58b46c884736> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.ecomarket.com/products/48477105/eco-kettle-chrome/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705559639/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115919-00068-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946902 | 495 | 1.609375 | 2 |
SEBASTOPOL, Calif. — First came the snarling guard dogs, then the barbed-wire fence and 24-hour security patrols, all of it smack in the middle of a leafy neighborhood on the outskirts of this wine country town.
Residents along Martin Lane reached a collective conclusion this summer: Robert Schmidt's medicinal pot farm was a problem. An armed camp, they called it. A magnet for thieves. A danger to neighborhood kids.
Their worries seemed to abate when carbine-toting federal drug agents rumbled in Sept. 12, arrested Schmidt and uprooted 3,454 marijuana plants reputedly intended as medicine. But concern lingers on this dead-end gravel lane in the heart of get-along Sonoma County.
Schmidt's neighbors remain perplexed that their pleas for help went unheeded for so long. But they're also troubled that Schmidt, 52, could face a long prison sentence--10 years to life--for what they consider a desire to help the sick. The punishment, they say, doesn't fit what should have been simply a residential zoning violation.
"Here in California," concluded Jayne Garrison, a neighbor, "we're living in a legal twilight zone when it comes to medical marijuana."
The latest clash on Martin Lane is only one of many messy conflicts to erupt since 1996 when California voters approved Proposition 215, the landmark initiative that made medical use of marijuana legal under state law but set up a testy conflict with the federal government's unwavering prohibitions on pot.
The fight has centered on the more than 50 nonprofit cannabis dispensaries that have sprung up in California since the initiative passed. Though it allows patients or caregivers with a physician's recommendation to grow pot for their own use, dispensaries were fashioned as sources for shut-ins or those too ill to cultivate the plant they had permission to use. Growers like Schmidt supplied such dispensaries.
Over the last year, the rift between the state and the U.S. has only widened. In May 2001, the U.S. Supreme Court declared that federal law doesn't allow a medical exception for marijuana use. Although eight other states allow medical use of pot, California has remained the top target. Federal drug officials say growers in the Golden State are simply more visible--thus easier to arrest--and apt to bring raids to the attention of the news media.
As more growers have been busted, advocates for the medical use of pot have increasingly voiced outrage, in particular over a Sept. 5 raid that shut down a collective in Santa Cruz; activists countered by defiantly distributing marijuana in front of City Hall last week.
The conflict flared again Monday, as police arrested about 30 demonstrators blocking a federal courthouse in Sacramento to protest the conviction of the leader of a Chico dispensary of marijuana for medical use. Federal drug agents also are targeting small operations once considered not worth the bother. On Tuesday, drug enforcement agents uprooted a San Diego activist's 26-plant pot garden.
"It's a very controversial issue, this so-called medical marijuana," said Richard Meyer, a Drug Enforcement Administration spokesman in San Francisco. "But we get lots of calls from communities thanking us."
Residents on Sebastopol's Martin Lane didn't know what to make of Schmidt when he swept into the neighborhood last spring, renting a farmhouse atop six acres at the end of the road. Schmidt, now being held in a Bay Area jail, could not be reached for comment, and his attorney, Alexandra McClure, declined to discuss the case.
With his beard and gray ponytail, Schmidt seemed a cross between Willie Nelson and Col. Sanders, neighbors said. He rode horses, fancied western garb and sometimes clomped around in a black duster. Schmidt was friendly, they say, with a dash of bravado. Among advocates for medicinal use of marijuana, Schmidt styled himself the "cannabis cowboy." He told folks on the lane his crop would consist of sunflowers and corn. But he also referred them to a Web site for "Genesis 1:29," the marijuana operation Schmidt established shortly after California became the first of nine states in the U.S. to legalize medical use of marijuana.
For its first years, Genesis sat shoehorned in a Petaluma subdivision, 20 miles down the freeway. But in 1999, armed robbers burst in and stole 50 plants at gunpoint.
His neighbors griped, and Schmidt moved Genesis 1:29 (named for a Bible verse about God inviting man to use all of Earth's seed-bearing plants as food) to a business park. Eventually he found the farm on Martin Lane. | <urn:uuid:bc7624f3-d8b6-44b7-b386-ce5901fafc24> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://articles.latimes.com/2002/sep/26/local/me-pot26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368711005985/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516133005-00046-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955609 | 946 | 1.515625 | 2 |
The main problem appears to have been the piano part. With the benefit of hindsight it may appear innocent enough, especially when set beside those by, say, Rachmaninov; yet at the time, the solo-sonata style Beethoven adopts for the third verse in particular was perceived as overbalancing the text.
Similarly the dramatic outpourings of that same verse, with its sudden changes of dynamic and the Mozartian Allegro molto final verse, were considered more suited to the opera house than the drawing room. This uncharacteristic outburst of theatricals may have been inspired by Beethovenís studies with opera maestro Salieri (the legendary Mozart poisoner), although the songs of his old teacher, Christian Neefe (1748-1798), also leant in this direction.
from notes by Julian Haylock © 1999
Other recordings available for download
|Michael Schade (tenor), Malcolm Martineau (piano)|
Other albums featuring this work | <urn:uuid:ea406e71-cb25-4137-b5f6-28476b7fd5bc> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/dw.asp?dc=W4908_GBAJY9905503&vw=dc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705559639/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115919-00068-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945 | 206 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Figure 1.--Uniforms have disappeared in many national Scout associations, but they are still widely worn in America. This photograph was gtaken at a 1999 Pennsylvania Scout camp.
A wide variety of youth groups in the 20th century have adopted a great diversity of uniforms. Some of these organizations have achieved enormous renoun for the positive, character building experiences they have provided boys. The first group, the Boys' Brigade, was founded at the end of the 19th centuryband had a central Christian focus. The most significant was the Scouts which was founded after the turn of the century. Comparable organizations were founded for girls. Many of these organizations were founded in Britain and the British penchant for uniforms have greatly influenced the adoption of uniforms for the boys. Uniforms came to be a key element for these groups. Many other organizations were founded , some with sinister histories like the Hitler Youth. This web site seeks to provide a historical background on these organizations and a look at the uniforms worn by the boys over time.
Many of the youth groups popular with boys during the 20th century have required uniforms. The most obvious youth group is of course the Boy Scouts and related grous like Tiger, Cub, and Explorer Scouts. The Scouts while by far the largest group in America and many European countries, is not the only group, nor was it the first. One of the earlist groups was the Boys' Brigade with its strong Christian connection. Amrica also has Camp Fire, a coed scout-like group. All of the modern totalitarian states had their youth groups like Hitler Youth and the Pioneers. The sinister nature of NAZI ideolgy leads us to recoil at images of the Hitler Youth. Less is known of the Communist Pioneer Movement. Now that the great totalitarian states have disappeared, except in China, these groups have all been suplanted by the Scoting movement.
Scouting is now the principal uniformed youth group around the world. Scoting in America and England, however, has declined a ranks are only a fraction of the 2 million American boys who once participated. The other groups like Camp Fire and the Boys' brigade are much smaller. It is unclear what has caused the decline.
Certainly boys today have many more options for their free time. This is probably a major factor. A generation ago, there were relatively few activities and organizations competing for a boys' time. Today school, church, athletic, fine arts, and other groups and activities appeal to children. In addition, the modern boy's bedroom today has more electronic and computer equipment to entertain him than an office a generation ago. The cost of uniforms may discourage boys from low cost families. Certainly Scout uniforms cost more than is necessary. Low v\cost uniforms, however, can be bought from second-hand shops. Probably more important is that many boys are much less disposed to wear uniforms than they were in the past. It is increasingly rare to see Scout and other youth group members in a complete uniform. The cost of uniforms and dues discourages others. Recruiting sufficently commited adult leaders is another problem. The Scoting Movement has attemted to reinvent itself, with modernized merit badges incliding computers and rocketry. The future of Scoting and other groups remains to be seen.
Our web site is divided into several major sections:
The uniforms adopted by boys' youth groups have caried greatly over time. In the early period of the 20th century, the popularity of the Scout movement helped to set the fashion for short pants in Britain, Continental Europe, and America. A different youth
movement, the Wandervogel emerged in Germany with less militarized uniforms. Since then the uniforms have more commonly followed prevailing boys' fashions. Uniforms were initially popular among boys who would sometimes wear them to school. As late
as the 1950s in America, many schools would have Scout day once a week when Cubs and Scouts would commonly and volutarily wear their uniforms to school. Since the 1960s uniforms
have become less fashionable among boys. Many Scout and other groups currently have a hard time convincing boys to weear their uniforms. Individual Scout troops and units of other groups, however, continue to maintain high standards for uniform.
Many of you have asked a variety of subjects about this web site. As I want to reserve my
time for actually working on the web site, I thought I'd answer your questions here.
The uniforms for youth groups have varied over time, moving with the fashions of the
day. Some like the Scout Smokey Bear hat have come to be virtual symbols of the
group. Some of the garments like the short pants introduced by Baden Powell's Scouts
played an important role in developing more comportable, less restrictive clothes for
An overview of each different organizations and their uniforms. The larger groups are broken down by country.
HBU is also collecting a variety of other informatiin providing insigts into the uniforms worn by uniformed youth groups. One interesting source of information is postage stamps. The
postage stamps provide some useful informattion as to how these groups are viewed in
different countries. Not all youth groups have been extensively used for postage stamps.
Certainly the Scouts were the most frequently depicted.
Thank you for your interest in our web site. I would like to think of it as a cooperative effort with you. In fact it is the personal contributions of your own experiences and uniforms worn that make HBU a particularly interesting site. Your comments would thus be of great interest. I am looking for any historical material, articles on the uniforms worn by members of Scouts and other youth groups, interesting pasages from biographies/autobiographies, old-time photographs of your family, even personal remberences of the more modern uniform styles, or any other pertinent material. Perhaps you have
some interesting ideas about further additions.
Some of the most interesting pages in our web site relate to the individual uniformed youth organizations.
The Boys' Brigade is a Christian organisation for boys aged between 6 and 18 years and is the oldest uniformed youth organisation in the world, being founded in Glasgow, UK in
1883 by Sir William Alexander Smith. The Boys Brigade originated in Scotland. It was the first uniformed youth orgaisation in the world. Sir William Alexander Smith founded the Boys Brigade on October 4, 1883 when he formed a company of 35 Boys at Free
Church Mission Hall, North Woodside Road, Glasgow. William Smith, a Sunday School teacher and an officer of the 1st Lanark Rifle Volunteers devised a unique system of
church activities for boys based on religion and discipline.
The world Scouting movement traces its origins to England at the beginning of the 20th Century. The movement owes much to British General Robert Stephenson Smyth, better known as Lord Baden-Powell. He had written a booklet-called Aids to Scouting--about his methods of Army training. It was published in England during the siege of Mafeking, a South African town attacked by the Boers during the Boer War. When the General returned home to England from South Africa, he was surprised to find that a lot of boys had bought the booklet and had got together in small groups on their own to practice Scouting. They called themselves Boy Scouts.
Camp Fire, Inc., formerly known as the Camp Fire Girls, is the outgrowth of a unique summer camping program developed by Dr. and Mrs. Luther Halsey Gulick.
In large, full bloomers, white middies and blue ties, a group of girls spent two summers at Lake Sebago, Maine, in a program of fire building, cooking, sewing,
bedmaking, singing, Indian lore, and folk dancing. The success of the program and the need for an ongoing year-round activity for girls attracted a group of unusual
men and women who were destined to begin the first national, non-sectarian organization for girls in the United States.
Many religious groups sponsor Scout troops. There is a minimal religious component to American Scouting and in a few cekebrated cases, boys who were athiests
have been excluded. Some religious groups want more control over the Scouting program and who belongs. They have formed their own Scout units, but the Boy
Scout Association has a legal lock on the word "Scouting" in the United States. Only the Girl Scouts have been given permission to use the word. It is trademarked,
which is why one religious group which has its own program calls them "Royal Rangers"--they can't use the word "Scout".
Figure 2.--Measured in terms of molding a boy's character, the Hitler Youth has to be judged as one of the more effective boys'muniformed groups. The Hitler Youth provided weapons training. Much of it was at camps, but it was not completely hiddennfrom the parents. Handkling weapons was a popular attraction for the boys.
The Hitler Jugend (Hitler Youth), the NAZI party's youth movement, indoctrinated German youth to perpetuate the "1,000 year Reich." The Hitler Youth movement emphasized activism, physical training, NAZI ideology, especially nationalism and racial concepts, and absolute obedience to Hitler and the NAZI Party. Indoctrinating children in National Socialist idelogy was a key goal of the NAZI Party. Once Hitler assumed control over the German state, he used the Goverment to make the Hitler Youth the country's all encompasing youth movement. Hitler and other NAZIs leaders saw the indoctrination of young Germans as of critical importance. In the same year that they took power, the NAZIs organized German youth organizations into two branches of the Hitler Youth (Hitler Jugen), one branch for boys and one for girls. Membership was eventually made compulsory and all boys had to report to a neigborhood office to have his racial background checked and be registered for membership. There was then a typically elaborate introduction ceremony on the Fehuerer's birthday.
Information on nationalist groups in specific countries. This group of organizations have declined in importance during recent years. Thet were most important during the 1930s as virulently nationlistic Governments took power in Europe and organized state-sponsored youth groups--often abolishing the Scouts. The horrors of Fascism and World War II tarnished the impages of these groups and today only a few are still active.
The Communist Revolution in Russia occured during 1917, before the Scouting movement
could be established to any extent. Scouting has always been a middle-class movement.
The Communists instead set up the Young Pioneer movement to involve all children. The
Communist Party (CPSU) was the most important organization in the Soviet Union. The
Party used youth groups like the Young Pioneers as part of its overall program to inculcate
Communist ideology. Other potentially competing youth groups were outlawed.
Feel free to surf through our site We hope you find it informative. Please remember to send along information about the youth groups you participated in and the uniforms you wore. Your personal contributions are what make this an interesting web site. | <urn:uuid:b6ef468a-975b-4e85-8c93-725023742ff5> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.histclo.com/youth/youth/intro.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699881956/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516102441-00075-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971475 | 2,281 | 2.796875 | 3 |
- For the first partition, just boot partition with either of Win95 or Win98 installed with minimum options installed. I mean just network card drivers to have network access, no video drivers no other softwares, not even Internet Explorer. The size of the partition depends on the size of the hard disk, but, for example, if you have 20 GB HDD, 1 GB should be enough for this partition. After installation, never touch this partition. The main purpose of this partition with Win95/98 is to keep it as a backup operating system. You should keep the dump of Win95/98 (whichever you install) and your LAN card drivers on the same drive.
- The next partition should be where you will install your primary operating system, for example NT server or Win2k server. Obviously, from the Win95 or 98 you should start installing the NT or win2k. The size depends on the number of applications that you will install on the server. This is for the additional files that the applications put into the system32 directory. And not for the applications themselves. The applications should be on a partition different from that of the OS. I think 4 GB should do for the partition of OS in most cases, and I recommend that it should be kept on FAT file system. The reason behind this is that in case the OS crashes, you can go back to the Win95 or 98. From there you can access the system files of your primary OS since it
- is on a FAT partition which is accesible from win9x. Security on system files can be maintained by NOT sharing that drive.
- The next partition should be for applications. All the applications should be installed on this partition, so the size depends on the requirements of your applications as well as future growth. This partition should be kept NTFS for applications performance to be first priority.
- The next partition should be for the data storage. Store all your data on this partition. The size again depends on the need and future growth.
- The next partition you can keep for miscellaneous storage (like dump of applications, etc.).
This was first published in July 2001 | <urn:uuid:46dc1a3a-95d1-45a2-92bf-b666ba6c0245> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/tip/The-ideal-partitioning-scheme | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705559639/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115919-00030-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924325 | 442 | 2.0625 | 2 |
These were among the complaints registered the last time this nation had a king:
“He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
“He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
“He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.
“He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance.
“He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.
“He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.
“He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:
“For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
“For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:
“For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:
“For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:
“He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.”
To prevent the U.S. government from behaving like a king, the drafters of the U.S. Constitution empowered an elected legislature to write every law, to declare every war, and to remove its executive from office. To further prevent the abuse of individuals’ rights, those authors wrote into the Constitution, even prior to the Bill of Rights, the right to habeas corpus and the right never to be punished for treason unless convicted in an open court on the testimony of at least two witnesses to an overt act of war or assistance of an enemy.
President Barack Obama waited until New Year’s Eve to take an action that I suspect he wanted his willfully deluded followers to have a good excuse not to notice. On that day, Obama issued an unconstitutional signing statement rewriting a law as he signed it into law, a practice that candidate Obama had rightly condemned. The law that Obama was signing was the most direct assault yet seen on the basic structure of self-governance and human rights that once made all the endless U.S. shouting of “We’re number one!” significantly less ludicrous. The National Defense Authorization Act is not a leap from democracy to tyranny, but it is another major step on a steady and accelerating decade-long march toward a police-and-war state.
President Obama has claimed the power to imprison people without a trial since his earliest months in office. He spoke in front of the Constitution in the National Archives while gutting our founding document in 2009. President Obama has claimed the power to torture “if needed,” issued an executive order claiming the power of imprisonment without trial, exercised that power on a massive scale at Bagram, and claimed and exercised the power to assassinate U.S. citizens. Obama routinely kills people with unmanned drones.
The bill just signed into law, as sent to the President, said this:
“Nothing in this section is intended to limit or expand the authority of the President or the scope of the Authorization for Use of Military Force.”
In other words, Congress was giving its stamp of approval to the unconstitutional outrages already claimed by the President. But then, why create a new law at all? Well, because some outrages are more equal than others, and Congress had chosen to specify some of those and in fact to expand some of them. For example:
“Congress affirms that the authority of the President to use all necessary and appropriate force pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (Public Law 107-40) includes the authority for the Armed Forces of the United States to detain covered persons (as defined in subsection (b)) pending disposition under the law of war.”
“The disposition of a person under the law of war as described in subsection (a) may include the following: (1) Detention under the law of war without trial until the end of the hostilities authorized by the Authorization for Use of Military Force.”
Jon Stewart explained when those detained without trial under the law might be released: “So when the war on terror ends, and terror surrenders and is no longer available as a human emotion, you are free to go.”
An exception for U.S. legal residents and citizens was kept out of the bill at President Obama’s request.
So why did Obama threaten to veto the bill initially and again after it passed the Senate? Well, one change made by the conference committee was this (note the crossed-through text):
“The Secretary of Defense President may, in consultation with the Secretary of State and the Director of National Intelligence, waive the requirement of paragraph (1) if the Secretary President submits to Congress a certification in writing that such a waiver is in the national security interests of the United States.”
The reference here is to military tribunals. The President — that is, the current one and future ones — need not hand someone over even to a military tribunal if . . . well, if he (or she) chooses not to.
That was the most power Obama could have transferred to the White House in this bill. But it was not absolute power, and was therefore not good enough. Hence the signing statement, the relevant portion of which begins:
“Moving forward, my Administration will interpret and implement the provisions described below in a manner that best preserves the flexibility on which our safety depends and upholds the values on which this country was founded.”
This is Bush-Cheneyspeak for “I will not comply with the following sections of this law despite signing it into law.”
After having persuaded the Congress to remove an exception for U.S. legal residents, Obama has the nerve in the signing statement to assert, not that the law makes any such exception, but that he personally will choose to do so, at least for U.S. citizens. Future presidents may lock U.S. citizens up without trials, but Obama won’t do so. He promises:
“I want to clarify that my Administration will not authorize the indefinite military detention without trial of American citizens. Indeed, I believe that doing so would break with our most important traditions and values as a Nation. My Administration will interpret section 1021 in a manner that ensures that any detention it authorizes complies with the Constitution, the laws of war, and all other applicable law.”
The first two sentences above are highly unusual if not unprecedented. Most, if not all, of Bush and Obama’s law-altering signing statements up to this point have not sought to clarify what a particular administration would choose to do. Rather, they have focused on declaring parts of the laws invalid. Usually this is done in a manner misleadingly similar to the third sentence above. By claiming the power to interpret a law in line with the Constitution, Bush and Obama have each on numerous occasions asserted the view that the Constitution grants presidents far-reaching powers that cannot be restricted by legislation. If Obama had wanted to deny that this law could be applied to U.S. citizens (or legal residents), the above paragraph would look very different, although equally unusual in that it would then be rejecting power rather than claiming it.
Also note, as Marcy Wheeler has already pointed out, Section 1021 applies to any detention, and Obama promises only not to subject U.S. citizens to indefinite military detention. While locked away forever without a trial you’ll be able to take comfort that yours is a non-military imprisonment.
Also, remember that Obama claims and exercises the power to kill U.S. citizens or anyone else (arguably at least as serious a violation of rights as imprisonment!), and for that he will use the military if he sees fit, or even allow the military to operate freely.
Also notice that legal residents are not included in the category of citizens.
Next, Obama declares Section 1022 on military custody “ill-conceived.” His personal right to a waiver, won through the conference committee, was not enough. Obama insists on also erasing this section of law: “I reject,” he writes,
“any approach that would mandate military custody where law enforcement provides the best method of incapacitating a terrorist threat. While section 1022 is unnecessary and has the potential to create uncertainty, I have signed the bill because I believe that this section can be interpreted and applied in a manner that avoids undue harm to our current operations. I have concluded that section 1022 provides the minimally acceptable amount of flexibility to protect national security. Specifically, I have signed this bill on the understanding that section 1022 provides the executive branch with broad authority to determine how best to implement it, and with the full and unencumbered ability to waive any military custody requirement, including the option of waiving appropriate categories of cases when doing so is in the national security interests of the United States. … I will therefore interpret and implement section 1022 in the manner that best preserves the same flexible approach that has served us so well for the past 3 years and that protects the ability of law enforcement professionals to obtain the evidence and cooperation they need to protect the Nation.”
Obama goes on to reject several other sections of the law, including restrictions on his unlimited power to rendition prisoners to other countries. Among the notable rejections is this:
“Sections 1023-1025 needlessly interfere with the executive branch’s processes for reviewing the status of detainees. Going forward, consistent with congressional intent as detailed in the Conference Report, my Administration will interpret section 1024 as granting the Secretary of Defense broad discretion to determine what detainee status determinations in Afghanistan are subject to the requirements of this section.”
In other words, U.S. prisoners held in Afghanistan will not be given even any formal pretense of a legalistic review of their status unless Obama and his Secretary of “Defense” see fit.
I’ve just been editing a forthcoming book in which one of the contributors writes:
“In 1971, Congress passed the Anti-Detention Act, 18 U.S.C. § 4001(a), which states that “no person shall be imprisoned or otherwise detained by the United States except pursuant to an Act of Congress.” Fred Koramatsu, who had brought the unsuccessful case before the Supreme Court, was eventually awarded the Medal of Honor. Congress apologized and provided for limited reparations for this heinous act.”
The author is referring to the unconstitutional indefinite detention of Japanese and Japanese-Americans during World War II. This type of criminal abuse for which Congress had to apologize and pay reparations, and for which there is a misleadingly pro-war-looking memorial hidden between the U.S. Capitol and Union Station, has now been effectively sanctioned by our Constitutional Scholar in Chief.
My chief regret is that we have not seen the major resistance we could have, and without any doubt would have, seen to this if only Obama were a Republican. | <urn:uuid:26c57c5b-f632-4412-ac24-b857392763d7> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://my.firedoglake.com/davidswanson/2011/12/31/obama-crowned-himself-on-new-years-eve/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705953421/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120553-00044-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959663 | 2,430 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Buried treasure: white asparagus
In Germany and the Netherlands, green asparagus plays second fiddle to the white kind.
In Germany, white asparagus is a beloved culinary first crocus, its annual springtime arrival a cause for national rejoicing. In asparagus season – traditionally from late April to the end of June – most Germans will eat Spargel at least once a day, and restaurants serve it in many delicious forms – from soup to dessert.Skip to next paragraph
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During asparagus season, Spargelzeit, more than 70,000 tons of asparagus are consumed, virtually all of it white and most locally grown. Asparagus is cultivated in a number of places around the country, including Lower Saxony and Bavaria. But the general consensus is that the finest white asparagus comes from an area in Baden-Württemberg between Heidelberg and Mannheim known as the Asparagus Triangle, and centered on the aristocratic old town of Schwetzingen, which calls itself the Asparagus Capital of the World.
The soil in the area is what makes the difference. Light and sandy, it's ideal for mounding over asparagus beds to protect growing plants from direct exposure to the sun, which is what produces the chlorophyll that turns asparagus green. Green and white asparagus are genetically the same plant, but the white kind has a distinctive taste much appreciated by asparagus gourmets.
"This is absolutely the best asparagus; there is nothing like it anywhere else in the world," says Hans Rockenwagner, a German-born and trained chef who now lives in Los Angeles. "Smooth and buttery with a deep, rich flavor, it's a real delicacy." White asparagus also has cultural significance, he adds. "Germans love the fact that this is their vegetable."
Asparagus has been cultivated in Schwetzingen for more than three centuries, dating back to when it was known as "the royal vegetable" and was a luxury only aristocrats such as princes could afford.
During the annual Spargelzeit today, what draws many visitors to the town is the opportunity to buy their favorite vegetable fresh from one of the many farm stands in Schlossplatz, the market square in front of the main gate of the castle.
Market squares in Germany are often adorned with bronze statues, usually of a famous local son, a military hero, or some former ruler. However, Schwetzingen's statue is unique. Called Die Spargelfrau (The Asparagus Woman), it depicts a typical farm wife standing behind a stall covered with asparagus.
German asparagus lovers are choosy and will often go from seller to seller in the market, searching for perfect spears – those that are pure white from stalk to tip. Ideally, white asparagus should also be round and plump – about an inch in diameter – and therefore easy to peel.
Unlike green asparagus, white asparagus always has to be peeled thoroughly to remove all the skin, otherwise it will be stringy when cooked. Most German families own a swivel vegetable peeler and also a deep pot in which the asparagus is cooked, tied in a bundle with the tips up and out of the water so they will be steamed rather than boiled. | <urn:uuid:aaeb9bd9-65fe-48a5-a0f9-fb44ea7d2a95> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.csmonitor.com/The-Culture/The-Home-Forum/2008/0514/p17s01-hfgn.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700264179/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516103104-00052-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953248 | 715 | 2.84375 | 3 |
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more Americans suffer from Asthma than ever before. Almost 10 percent of the general population is now affected. Based on a recently published study, the CDC found that the disease has spread almost equally among all demographic groups, although young children in low-income areas showed the largest increase. Almost a fifth of African-American children has been diagnosed, compared to just over 10 percent a decade ago.
The researchers involved in the study have stopped short of giving specific reasons for the sharp increase. They also did not comment on recent budgetary proposals by Congress to reduce funding for the National Asthma Control Program.
Asthma – the Greek word for “panting” – is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. Common symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Besides environmental causes, there can also be genetic factors involved. If left untreated, chronic inflammation of the lungs can result in irreversible damage.
Several potential causes for asthma have long been identified. They include exposure to allergens in nature as well as man-made pollutants, like traffic exhaust fumes, household chemicals, pesticides, cigarette smoke (including second-hand smoking) and the likes.
People, especially children, living in poor housing conditions are at higher risk of developing asthma. Common indoor pollutants are dust, house mites, animal dander (dog- and cat hair), cockroaches and molds. Toiletries like perfumes and hair sprays can have detrimental effects as well.
Equally widespread is what is called “occupational asthma,” which stems from long-term exposure to hazardous work environments. The American Thoracic Society estimates that 15 to 23 percent of asthma cases occurring during adulthood are work-related. The highest percentage of these is reportedly associated with manufacturing jobs.
There is also the possibility of “exercise-induced asthma,” which is not uncommon among top athletes. Apparently, there is a high incidence rate of the disease among cyclists and long-distance runners.
Obesity and asthma seem to show strong correlations. Several factors may play a role, including decreased respiratory function due to build up of fat tissue and elevated risk of inflammation in connection with poor eating habits.
Chronic stress is suspected to have a potential trigger effect for asthma as well. While undergoing stressful situations per se may not have a direct causal effect, it is clear that long-term exposure to stress can compromise the immune system and thereby aggravate airway inflammation among other responses.
Asthma resembles in many ways other airway diseases, like bronchitis, emphysema and other respiratory infections. People who have asthma also suffer from allergies, however, not everyone who is affected by allergies has asthma. For this reason it can be difficult to diagnose asthma.
Most asthma cases can be controlled if managed effectively. Unfortunately, to this point in time, there is not much more available than a one-fits-all approach to treatment since asthma is diagnosed only in terms of severity of symptoms without consideration for different variations of the disease. The severest symptoms are called “acute asthma exacerbation,” also know as “asthma attack,” which typically includes extreme shortness of breath, heavy wheezing and chest tightness.
The most effective form of treatment is the prevention of exacerbation by maintaining normal pulmonary function as well as a healthy weight range, optimal nutrition, regular exercise and lots of fresh air.
Asthma and food allergies
In addition to adverse reactions to allergens and pollutants, there can be allergies to certain foods involved. Sometimes, asthma attacks can be triggered by foods and ingredients added in the manufacturing process. For some patients certain diet restrictions may be required to avoid these reactions. Food hypersensitivity is an overreaction of the immune system in response to specific foods, like peanuts or strawberries, to name two of the most common. Other food items known for their propensity to trigger asthma attacks are milk, eggs, tree nuts, soy, wheat, shellfish, tartrazine and sulfites. In extreme cases of multiple food allergies steps must be taken to avoid nutritional deficiencies.
Food allergies can be treated non-medically by eating smaller meals more frequently throughout the day; eliminating spicy, fatty, acidic and caffeine containing foods and beverages; avoiding food intake within 3 hours of bedtime; maintaining a healthy weight range.
As with any respiratory infection, asthma potentially compromises the body’s ability to receive enough nutrients. Because the symptoms can be quite debilitating, decrease of appetite is not uncommon, which means that fewer calories and important nutrients are being provided when they are most needed. A high-quality diet plan can help avoid serious deficiencies.
Timi Gustafson R.D. is a clinical dietitian and author of “The Healthy Diner – How to Eat Right and Still Have Fun™,” is available on her blog http://www.timigustafson.com and at Amazon. Her latest book, “Kids Love Healthy Foods™” is now available in e-book format at www.amazon.com | <urn:uuid:4575f690-e40f-4fca-a4be-cc280aa3edb1> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://blog.seattlepi.com/timigustafsonrd/2011/05/11/a-sharp-rise-of-asthma-in-the-u-s/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368701852492/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516105732-00034-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953109 | 1,053 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Over the summer I watched on DVD a mini-series called “Into the West”. In one of the early episodes, a young Jacob Wheeler has left the safety of hearth and home to follow a group of mountain men led by the famous (and historical figure) Jedediah Smith to exploring the uncharted west.
In one scene, the mountain men are all in the middle of a night of carousing when young Wheeler notices that the devoutly Christian Smith has pulled away from the men and abstained from the debauchery. When Wheeler asks his mentor about why he doesn’t join in with the other men, Smith tells him that “The west is just a place on the map, not a way to live.”
That maxim leads the young Wheeler to a life of conviction and integrity. A life that differentiated him from so many of the mountain men with whom he shared company. A particularly powerful moment comes when a young Lakota woman is being sold like meat for consumption; he duels for her and protects her, marrying her instead of exploiting her.
Throughout the summer as I traveled to many different places I observed that most of us have also confused our places and our lives. I have seen this with beach cultures and mountain towns, in poor villages and wealthy enclaves. We are so easily influenced by the culture around us that the place becomes the way to live.
I found myself wanting to say to the lawyer who left his family in the middle of a “mid-life crisis, breakdown, whatever-you-call-it” to move to Costa Rica, to far-too-young adolescents on the beaches of San Clemente who were obviously growing up too quickly, to the ultra wealthy in resort towns who are living for nothing beyond golf or skiing or the next exotic vacation and even to the triathletes who seemed to have sacrificed everything for lower split times or a coveted spot in Kona…
This is just a place on the map, not a way to live.
(There is a popular t-shirt in Tri circles that, while tongue-in-cheek, cuts close to home: “If you are enjoying a meaningful relationship….you could be training more.)
So many of us confuse where we are with who we are. We are chameleons who take on our environment, our culture, and the world around us and are convinced that it won’t harm our souls. We believe the lie that “What happens in Vegas stays in Vegas,” when the truth is that what we do, wherever we are, shapes who we are.
In many ways, we Christians, fall into the same trap. We often believe that the “Kingdom of heaven” is nothing but a “place” on a spiritual map that we hope to go to when we die and not a “way to live”. We read passages that refer to us as “citizens of heaven” (Phil 3:20) and think that it refers only to the afterlife. But it is actually a calling—a way to live—not an address.
N.T. Wright has pointed out that the imagery of citizens of heaven was a reference to those ex-patriots (most of the retired Roman soldiers) who were rewarded with land grants and asked to populate the conquered territories at a distance from Rome. These “citizens of Rome” knew that while they lived in far off lands like Philippi and Ephesus, they were to be loyal to Rome and by their influence help turn this territory into Roman stronghold. While the “place” they lived in was a foreign land, the “way” to live was as a Roman.
My friends, we Christians must get clear that as Christians, the Kingdom of heaven—life under God’s reign and rule—is the way to live in whatever “place” we are called or find ourselves. And if the church is going to be, again in the words of Bishop Wright, the “place” where “heaven and earth overlap” and then that “place” will only become evident by the "way" we live. | <urn:uuid:b33d6e6b-2006-4764-b109-fd7616d828bf> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://bolsinger.blogs.com/weblog/triathlon/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699273641/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516101433-00074-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974233 | 870 | 1.625 | 2 |
Backed by the Food and Drug Administration and millions of positive consumer feedback, Viagra is no doubt the single most revolutionary male sexual performance enhancer of the century. It works, it’s safe, and it’s well-established as a successful treatment for erectile dysfunction—what more can it give?
As it turns out, a lot more. In the category of sexual performance enhancement, this little blue pill is proven to improve men’s ability to get erections, and achieve them harder and for a longer period of time. But did you know that this drug has also been shown to effectively treat pulmonary arterial hypertension, prevent and manage altitude sickness, and improve performance and stamina in sports?
Here’s how this wonder drug has more up its sleeve than most people recognize:
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a severe disease involving increased blood pressure in the lungs’ blood vessels. Those who suffer from it experience dizziness, shortness of breath, fainting and fatigue typically worsened by physical activity. So if it affects the lungs, where does the little blue pill come into the equation?
Well, as it turns out, the penis has more in common with the lungs than most people think. Like the penis, the blood vessels in the lungs have a high concentration of the enzyme known as PDE-5. To explain its action simply, the PDE-5 breaks down the substance that opens up the blood vessels. When the blood vessels open up less, there is also less blood flow. When this happens, the body attempts to compensate, and this leads to increased blood pressure in the vessels.
Sildenafil, the active component in Viagra, inhibits the action of PDE-5. In the penis, this opening up of blood vessels or vasodilation allows more blood flow, resulting to a satisfactory erection. In the lungs, this vasodilation results to a decreased pulmonary arterial pressure, resolving the problem of PAH.
Once approved for use as treatment for PAH, Pfizer repackaged sildenafil as Revatio to avoid confusing it with the little blue pill.
When people are exposed to high altitudes, the thinner air, lower air pressure, and lack of oxygen can cause fluid in the lungs’ blood vessels to leak out. This compromises oxygen exchange and is a life-threatening condition. To help solve this problem usually encountered by mountain climbers, researchers looked to the miracle blue pill’s magic. Basing on the same mechanism of action cited above for the treatment of PAH, sildenafil prevents altitude sickness by relaxing the blood vessels in the lungs. This allows blood to flow more freely through the lungs’ blood vessels, reducing the risk of fluid leaks that would otherwise interfere with oxygen exchange.
Performance and Stamina Boost in Sports
Out of the bedroom and into the sports arena—this little blue pill sure is fast expanding its scope of use. The Journal of Applied Physiology has published reports of trials that showed sildenafil effectively improving cardiovascular and exercise performances of athletes in simulated high altitude environments. The physiology behind this effect is simple—the effect sildenafil has in expanding the blood vessels improves blood flow to the muscles, providing more oxygen and thus more energy and stamina to the body. This makes Viagra a most promising drug not only for its numerous uses in medicine, but also its potentials in the non-medical field. | <urn:uuid:3e877a5e-33a7-4383-b695-8ef05e946723> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://onlineviagragb.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368707435344/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516123035-00045-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932156 | 722 | 1.523438 | 2 |
A Geological Tour of Tumbledown Mountain
On any given fine-weather day in any of the four seasons, Tumbledown
Mountain in Township 6 North of Weld (Figure 1), is visited by scores of
people; most in pursuit of the excellent views afforded by the bald peaks,
and perhaps a few mistakenly seeking the solitude of a wilderness experience.
While a few individuals may come specifically to look at the beautifully
exposed bedrock here, over the course of an outing almost every visitor
will develop some interest in the rocks if for no other reason than its
near constant exposure along some of the popular summit trails. It is easy
to guess the origin of the name "Tumbledown" simply by viewing the south
side of the mountain from any of the trails that lead to the summit. Cliffs
of several hundred feet bear the scars, old and new, of rock slides that
have left piles of rubble (talus) at their bases (Figure 2).
Western Maine is underlain by a regular sequence of layered metamorphic
rocks which began their existence as layers of sand and mud on the edge
of an ocean basin about 430 million years ago. As these sediments accumulated
over millions of years, through a number of processes they gradually hardened
into sandstone and shale. During the last great mountain building event
that helped form the northern Appalachians about 415 million years ago,
these layers were folded, thrust upward, and heated. Great masses of molten
rock formed at depth and moved upward through the contorted layers of rock,
cooling into solid rock some distance below the surface. Hundreds of millions
of years of erosion have now exposed the resulting granites and granodiorites
at the surface of the earth.
|Let's look at some examples of these rocks. Figure 3 is a photograph
showing some of the thinner layers of schist and granofels that can be
found near Tumbledown Pond. The lighter layers are quartz-feldspar granofels,
and the darker layers are andalusite schist. Note that while each light
layer begins with a very sharp boundary on the right, there is only a gradual
change to the corresponding dark layer on the left. This is a characteristic
carried over from the sedimentary origins of the rock and is referred to
as graded bedding. When the sediments that formed this rock were deposited,
the actions of water flow were such that the coarser sand grains (quartz
and feldspar) fell to the bottom first, followed by progressively smaller
grains. Deposited last during each sedimentary event were very small grains
of clay, before the next slug of sediment came down and the process began
anew. Geologists use graded beds to determine which direction was originally
up in the layers. This is important in determining which are the younger
rocks in a sequence. Through the process of metamorphism, the quartz and
feldspar grains changed little, but the clay grains changed into a variety
of minerals including micas, staurolite, and andalusite, the coarsest grains
in the rocks today. So, while the grain size of the sediment originally
changed from coarse to fine as one moved from right to left in each bed,
the grain size change of the metamorphic minerals is just the opposite.
There is a good deal of variability in the thickness of layers at Tumbledown.
Figure 4 shows some of the most striking layering exposed near the summit.
In many places the layers are several feet thick and continuous for hundreds
of feet. In several places on the mountain, large folds are exposed. One
of the best examples is between Tumbledown Pond and the eastern summit
of Tumbledown Mountain (Figure 5). These folds developed at the time the
northern Appalachians were forming, when the rocks today at the surface
were at considerable depth and subject to higher temperatures and pressures
which were not uniform in all directions. Both sides (limbs) of the fold
are inclined in the same direction in what geologists term an overturned
Some who have ventured to Tumbledown have interpreted the shape of the
mountain and the pond nestled among the peaks to be volcanic in origin.
While this certainly is an exciting idea, it simply isn't true. As we've
already explained, the rocks were formed in a sedimentary basin and are
not at all volcanic in nature. The landscape or topography is also not
of volcanic origin but formed through the interaction of several processes.
|The first important factor in defining the topography is the nature
of the bedrock, here composed of metamorphic rocks and granite intrusions.
From the top of Tumbledown, a most striking feature of the landscape is
the ring of mountains the completely encircle Webb Lake to the south (Figure
6). Webb Lake is underlain by granite while the ring of mountains is underlain
by metamorphic rocks. In particular, these metamorphic rocks were subjected
to even greater heat as the originally molten granite was intruded into
them. One consequence of this process is that the metamorphic rocks immediately
surrounding the granite are slightly more resistant to erosion than any
of the other rocks. Granite, with its large crystals and abundant feldspar,
is actually fairly susceptible to erosion. The result of all this is the
ring of mountains underlain by metamorphic rocks, and the basin of Webb
Lake, underlain by easily eroded granite. At the Mount
Blue State Park visitor's center there is a plaster model of the landscape
which illustrates this ring of mountains well.
|The greatest agent of erosion is the glaciers which swept over the landscape
just a few tens of thousands of years ago and represent the second most
important factor in defining the topography. As the glaciers progressed
across the landscape in a southeasterly direction, they scraped soils and
weathered rock off the less erodable rock units and deeply gouged the earth
in the more erodable rock units. Due to the complex processes of glacial
flow, in many places the glaciers polished the northern slopes of mountains
into rounded shapes, while they plucked broken rock without any polishing
on the southern slopes of mountains. This is readily apparent in the landscape
at Tumbledown. On the summit the rocks are well polished, and there are
numerous knobs with smoothly rounded surfaces facing north and steep, unrounded
surfaces facing south (see Figure 4). Tumbledown Pond itself (Figure 7)
was produced by this gouging and plucking action. In many places on the
summit, scratches formed by rocks imbedded in the base of the glacier as
it advanced across the landscape, point to the northwest from whence the
|Many trails (Figure 8) provide free public access to the summit and
Tumbledown Pond through the auspices and stewardship of the Hancock Timber
Resources Group, Inc.
Originally published on the web as the April 1998 Site of the Month.
Last updated on April 19, 2012 | <urn:uuid:f6ae7a1e-3a24-4520-a58a-c6f42b35f68c> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.state.me.us/doc/nrimc/mgs/explore/bedrock/sites/apr98.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703682988/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112802-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943965 | 1,492 | 3.5 | 4 |
Happy New Year from Saint Louis University! As your students continue the college search and decision process, this edition of the Counselor E-News Bulletin will provide you with the updates and information necessary to help your students be a Billiken in 2012!
Martin Luther King Jr. Scholarship Deadline January 15th
The Martin Luther King Jr. Scholarship is granted to students who are committed to the promotion of diversity in our society and who demonstrate leadership in the classroom, on campus and in the greater community. Recipients of this scholarship will be connected to students, facuty and staff who are dedicated to promoting Dr. King's ideals at Saint Louis University.
Students who meet the following criteria are invited to fill out a separate application for Martin Luther King Jr. Scholarship candidacy:
- A ranking in the upper one-third of the student's high school class
- Composite of 23 or above on the ACT or 1070 or above on the SAT
- Cumulative GPA of 3.25 or higher, weighted or unweighted, as reported on the student's high school transcript at the time of application
2012 Financial Aid 101 and FAFSA informational workshops
Saint Louis University is hosting free, on-campus Financial Aid 101
and FAFSA Informational Workshops
for students and parents in January and February. At each workshop, financial aid professionals will explain the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) question-by-question and provide helpful hints so that attendees leave prepared to tackle the FAFSA!
Dates include the following Sundays in January and February:
|• January 8
||• January 15
||• January 22
||• January 29
||• February 12
For those who cannot attend an on-campus workshop, SLU is hosting online chats
on the following evenings for students and parents to speak with financial aid professionals:
|• Wednesday, Jan. 4
||• Tuesday, Jan. 10
||• Wednesday, Jan. 25
||• Thursday, Feb. 9
Please encourage your students to participate in these helpful events. More information can be found at finaid.slu.edu
Do You Have a Student Interested in Pre-Law?
Students who meet the minimum requirements for consideration and who have submitted their application for freshman admission must apply separately for the Pre-Law Scholars Program via the online application. We are looking for students with a composite ACT score of at least 28 or a combined SAT score of at least 1250 (math and critical reading), as well as an outstanding high school academic record. Completed applications should be submitted by February 1
to be eligible for priority consideration.
More information regarding the Pre-Law Scholars Program can be found here
Special Visit Programs
SLU offers special visit programs throughout the year that offer a variety of sessions and information tailored to specific audiences.
On Thursday, January 5, 2012, the Chicago Alumni Mass and Reception will be held at Old St. Patrick's Church allowing future students and SLU graduates to interact in the Chicago area.
Below are the dates for upcoming Mass & Reception events in cities across the country. Online registration is available prior to the date of each event.
|• Omaha (Sunday, Jan. 22, 2012)
||• Houston (Sunday, Jan. 29, 2012)
|• Dallas (Saturday, Feb. 4, 2012)
||• Milwaukee (Sunday, Feb. 19, 2012)
|• Kansas City (Saturday, March 10, 2012)
||• Cleveland (Sunday, March 18, 2012)
|• Denver (Sunday, March 25, 2012)
More information about these events can be found here: visit.slu.edu
Counselor Web Page
Saint Louis University encourages you to visit our web page for high school guidance counselors
. You can stay updated on what’s new at SLU, keep track of important deadlines, download forms, watch a video tour of campus and keep in touch with your school’s admission counselor. If you haven’t already, be sure to add the page to your browser’s favorites so that you can access it frequently. | <urn:uuid:654c3e69-fc61-4fd3-9ffe-f2858e20c763> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://clicks.gotoextinguisher.com/archive/view/?c=IHM1u&g=5534 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704132298/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113532-00027-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.918233 | 849 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Campaign to be launched against illegal colonisers
A campaign will be launched against illegal colonisers across Madhya Pradesh with a view to making general facilities available to common people. Proposed drinking water schemes under public private partnership (PPP) mode in Shivpuri and Khandwa will be completed by March-April, 2013.
This information was given at a meeting of the Urban Administration and Development Department's advisory committee chaired by Urban Administration and Development Minister Babulal Gaur here yesterday.
Committee members and MLAs Makhanlal Rahore, Vishwas Sarang, Brijmohan Dhoot and Pradeep Amritlal, Principal Secretary SPS Parihar, Commissioner Sanjay Shukla and others were present.
Mr Gaur directed to take strict action against colonisers not making proper arrangements for road, drinking water, power and sanitation.
He directed to convene a separate meeting to review Narmada drinking water scheme of Bhopal and its expansion plan. | <urn:uuid:d53e6fe7-8c93-4d95-9e07-d40918d2de61> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.newkerala.com/news/newsplus/worldnews-114805.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704392896/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113952-00024-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956045 | 203 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Duby is a space explorer, a disk scanner to show why your newly bought huge hard disk is already full. You never suspected your music folder to be that big.
Duby helps you find what takes the most space on your disk, visually, with a nice representation of your space as a pie, with files and directories acting as slices of that pie. The bigger the slice is, the bigger the file is.
I am pretty sure the picture speaks for itself.
A shot from the latest (v0.6) version. A huge speed-up, and some minor changes. One color theme is supposed to show "newest" files with strong colors, but I have problems with the times functions and as I often get Epoch as a result, the resulting colors are not very useful. I am still working on it.
The center of the pie represents the parent directory. Each ring starting from the center represents one layer down, that is, the smallest ring represents the contents of the current directory. The second ring represents the contents of sub-directories. Note that directories are represented twice the size of files (think radius), allowing you to distinguish files from directories with a glance. The angular size of each part represents the relative size of the file or the directory with respect to the current directory. For example, is one part of the graph is taking one half of the pie, the corresponding file or directory's size is half of the current directory.
First, click scan to scan the current directory (or type in the directory you want to see in the left text area). Then, wait for a moment (on huge file systems - > one tera over network - the scan took on my machine up to five minutes).
Once the graph is ready :
I always wanted to have such program, and while Filelight is a kick-ass nice-looking app, I do not use QT nor KDE (life is a succession of stupid choices, I know), so I decided it could be the time for me to get dirty with Ruby, and I try to mimic what I could guess of Filelight from the screenshots. Obviously, the path is still long before Duby matches filelight, but playing with Ruby is nice, and I did not think that Ruby/GTK2 was so easy.
Duby comes from du, the disk usage utility under linux, and I am sure you already got the pun.
In its infant stages (v0.1), Duby required gtk2, rubygems, and gruff to work. I hacked so much the pie class of gruff (v0.2), I thought I could do without, so I started looking at other librairies. My choice ended on rcairo, and, starting from v0.3, Duby requires gtk2 with cairo bindings.
You can get the latest files from the project page.
Duby is released under the GPL2.
Duby is hosted on Rubyforge. | <urn:uuid:1609664c-829e-4f43-9fe2-20633dfc111f> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://duby.rubyforge.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696381249/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00069-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951394 | 615 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Professional Development and School Tours available for all school districts.
For information on opportunities for teacher professional development for your district please contact Cindy Petersen, Deputy Director of Education at 540-201-4137, cpetersen[at]taubmanmuseum[dot]org
For school tours information and reservations contact Hillary Hardison, School and Outreach Manager at 540-204-4137, hhardison[at]taubmanmuseum[dot]org
Partnerships with Roanoke City Public Schools
All Roanoke City Public Schools are welcome to schedule a school tour at no extra charge.
Middle School Art Camps
A collaboration between Roanoke City Public Schools and the Taubman Museum of Art.
Come and stretch your imagination and expand your art skills at the Taubman. Each week of camp will explore a wide variety of art techniques and materials. Campers will have opportunities to learn about the art and artists in the galleries and be inspired to create their own masterpieces. An art show will take place on Thursday of each week of camp, showcasing the work by campers for their friends and families to enjoy. Classes will be taught by Roanoke City teachers and local artists. Transportation will be provided to and from the schools, and all supplies will be provided.
Dates are currently being determined for summer 2012. Contact the Fine Arts Office of Roanoke City Schools at (540) 853-2877 for registration forms and more information.
5-5-5 XXL Museum Career Day
Roanoke City Public Schools, the Taubman Museum and ROTEC will be offering a Summer Career Camp for 5th graders.
Students can select from a list of exciting careers including Culinary Arts, Teaching, Automotive Technology, Engineering, Construction, Careers in Medicine, Cosmetology, TV Broadcasting and Production. Camp will be held at ROTEC.
On one day all campers will come to the Taubman to explore careers in the arts. Lunch and transportation from Elementary Summer School sites provided.
Date for summer 2012 is currently being determined.
Students are not required to attend summer school to participate in 5-5-5 XXL. All registration is through 5th grade elementary school teachers.
Outreach - The 21st Century Program
The Taubman Museum provides afterschool art education enrichment classes to three Roanoke City Schools—Westside Elementary, Hurt Park Elementary and Jackson Middle School—for the over thtee years as part of the 21st Century program. The workshops consist of an Art History and Elements of Art lesson followed by a project putting these ideas into practice. The projects bring our permanent collection and temporary exhibitions to life for the students.
Teacher Professional Development
Roanoke City Art Educators participate in a yearly professional development session at the Taubman which includes presentations from the Curatorial Staff, artists and hands-on curriculum connections that they can bring back into the classroom.
Partnerships with Roanoke County Public Schools
Tours for Roanoke County K-1st grade students
For the school year 2011-2012 all K-1st grade
students have the opportunity to participate in a school tour of the Taubman
free of charge. Art Connections is a 90-minute gallery visit, art and literacy cross
curricular lesson based on our exhibits and exploration time in Art
Venture, our interactive children’s gallery.
Teacher Professional Development
Roanoke County Art Educators participate in a two-day yearly professional development session at the Taubman which includes presentations from the Curatorial Staff, artists and hands-on curriculum connections that they can bring back into the classroom.
The Museum Studies course conducted at the Taubman Museum of Art is a course covering 4 years, 9th through 12th grade. Its goal is to augment the fine arts instruction occurring through the Burton Center for Arts and Technology, Visual Arts and Museum Studies. Students spend 24-27 hours per year, within the Taubman learning about museum studies and art history. They have the unique opportunity to examine firsthand works of art from the museum’s permanent collection as well as all temporary exhibitions. Participants gain early exposure to employment options available in the museum setting by interacting with museum staff. They participate in hands-on projects that are created with the purpose of their use in the educational programming at the Museum. | <urn:uuid:da43a91a-e6f3-490d-80d5-8ab4c6480e9b> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://taubmanmuseum.org/main/school-partnerships | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706499548/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121459-00066-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929697 | 908 | 1.6875 | 2 |
The consumption of motor gasoline in the United States is strongly seasonal, with more consumed in the summer and less consumed in the winter. On a yearly basis, the consumption of motor gasoline in the United States has been steadily increasing as vehicle-miles increased. In the week of June 29 this year, the consumption of motor gasoline reached a record high of 8.9 million barrels per day. Thereafter, the consumption has decreased. In the most recent reporting week (11-9-01), the consumption was 8.7 million barrels per day, 8 percent lower than its peak in June.
Motor gasoline (more than 90 percent) is refined domestically. Anticipating the strong demand in summer, the motor gasoline supply reached its historical high in the week of July 20 this year with an average of 9.2 million barrels per day. By the beginning of November, motor gasoline supply declined to 8.3 million barrels per day, 4.4 percent lower than four months ago.
|Motor Gasoline Supply (thousand barrels per day)||2-Nov-01||9-Nov-01|
|Production from domestic sources||8,631||8,302|
|Percent change from previous week||2.48||-3.81|
|Percent change from previous week||21.25||-30.15|
|Motor Gasoline Consumption (thousand barrels per day)||2-Nov-01||9-Nov-01|
|Motor gasoline consumed||8,797||8,771|
|Percent change from previous week||1.09||-0.30|
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Weekly Petroleum Status Report, November 2001, Available at: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/gasoline.html | <urn:uuid:b17207fe-24c3-44b3-b9be-7fbba53db7d8> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/publications/transportation_indicators/november_2001/Security/html/US_Motor_Gasoline_Production_And_Consumption.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705559639/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115919-00058-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.913365 | 385 | 2.921875 | 3 |
One of the world’s largest collections of flowering crabapple trees can be found at Water Works Park and will be in full bloom this weekend through next week. Visitors may drive or walk through the Arie den Boer Arboretum between the hours of 6:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. to view the colorful display of 1,200 crabapple trees, located in the northeast corner of Water Works Park, off of Fleur Drive.
The Arie den Boer Arboretum was established in 1930 and contains over 350 varieties of flowering crabapple trees, including some varieties that cannot be found anywhere else in the world.
Due to the unseasonably warm weather Iowa has experienced, the annual bloom is approximately four weeks earlier than the typical bloom date.
Who is Arie den Boer? Arie den Boer was a renowned horticulturist and Des Moines Water Works employee. He started at DMWW in 1928 and introduced several hundred varieties of crabapple trees to Water Works Park. In 1933, the park opened to the public and thousands flocked to visit it. In 1961, the crabapple orchard was named Arie den Boer Arboretum (he retired that year). Also in 1961, den Boer received the medal of honor of the Garden Clubs of America, its highest horticultural award. His book, Flowering Crab Apples, was published in 1959 and contained color photos and reproductions of his slides, in addition to his own pen and ink sketches.
View this beautiful video created by a visitor to Water Works Park last year: | <urn:uuid:9ca65f1a-457f-41b9-b18d-fdb50be08a6f> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.dsmh2o.com/arie-den-boer-arboretum-crabapple-bloom-at-water-works-park/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703298047/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112138-00029-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962635 | 332 | 1.867188 | 2 |
In graphic art and design, a mask is a tool that lets you isolate part of an image from the area surrounding it. Once isolated, you can apply adjustments (for example, special effects or color balance) to that area alone, or use the mask to eliminate the background completely. With Adobe Photoshop CS4 and CS5, you can create masks using both pixels and vector paths, but masks created with vector tools are almost always more accurate than those created using pixel-based tools. Moreover, vector masks are easier to edit later on. Here are some quick steps you can use to create a vector mask.
Step 1. Prepare your file
Use Photoshop to open an image you'd like to edit; for this example, I'll use the photo of a coffee mug. Once open, locate the Layers panel (Window -> Layers). You should see only one layer, called Background. Control-click (or right-click) this layer and, from the contextual menu, choose Layer from Background. You'll be asked to name the layer; to keep it simple, just call it Photo. From the main menu, choose Layer -> New Fill Layer -> Solid Color. Stick with the default name (Color Fill 1) and click OK. Choose a color you want to use as a background (this will help illustrate the mask later on), and once again, click OK. You'll notice that your picture disappears behind the solid color, but we'll fix that now. Return to the Layers panel and drag the Color Fill 1 layer below the Photo layer. This will keep the color fill layer hidden for the time being.
Step 2. Outline your item
Click the Paths tab, which usually grouped with Layers and Channels. (If Paths is not visible, choose Window -> Paths.) Once you've located the Paths panel, click the menu icon in the top right and choose New Path. Give the path a name--Item Outline, perhaps--and click OK. Now choose the Pen Tool, which you'll use to create a vector shape that outlines the item (in this case, a coffee mug). Place your first anchor point in a concave corner of the item, and work from there, placing anchor points along the perimeter until you close the shape. Stay as close to the edge of the item as you can; or, if you're planning to knock out the background, try insetting the path just a touch.
Tips for working with the Pen Tool
- A single click of the mouse extends a straight line between anchor points.
- You can create a smooth point (a point with two directional handles) by clicking and dragging the mouse. Direction lines will extend from the anchor point, and while still holding down the mouse button, you can control the shape of the curve.
- You can create a corner point (any point that introduces a hard angle into your path) by option-clicking the most recent anchor point you created. This reduces the anchor point to a single direction line while the preceding path segment retains its curve. This is very helpful in dealing with concave indents in your item.
Once you've fully outlined the item and closed the path, you can tweak it using the Direct Selection Tool. Click and drag any anchor point to reposition it, or tug on the direction lines to tweak the curvature of the path.
Tips for working with the Direct Selection Tool
- Eliminate direction lines by holding option-command as you click an anchor point.
- Add (or replace) direction lines by holding option-command as you click the anchor point and drag the mouse.
- Convert a smooth point to a corner point with independent direction lines by option clicking either handle. The direction lines can then be moved separately.
(Image Caption: Use the Pen Tool to create a vector shape that encircles the item you want to mask.)
Step 3. Multiple shapes
Certain items will call for more than one vector shape to properly outline. Our coffee mug, for example, requires one shape around its outside edge and another along the inside edge of the handle. Grab the Pen Tool again and use it to create new vector shapes along any inside edges of your item.
Here's where things get a bit tricky. You'll need to tell each of these new shapes how you expect them to function. Choose the Path Selection Tool (from the same part of the toolbar as the Direct Selection Tool) and shift-click all interior shapes.
In the options bar, you'll see four icons (overlapping squares) that let you change how the shapes interact. Click the second icon--Subtract from Shape Area--to tell the interior shapes to punch through the first shape you created. A quick look at the path thumbnail will tell you if you've done it right: the item itself should be white, with both interior and exterior transparent areas showing as grey. Assuming all is well, you can go ahead and combine the shapes into a single compound shape. Choose the Path Selection tool and then click the path thumbnail; then, within the options bar, click Combine.
Step 4. Adding your mask
You're all set to add the the mask to the photo. First, click the path thumbnail to highlight your new path. Note that the path lines are quite faint and might be difficult to see against some backgrounds; however, as long as you've clicked the path thumbnail and the path itself is highlighted (in the Paths panel), you can move forward. You've spent most of this tutorial working in the Paths panel, but to change the path into a vector mask, you'll have to return to the Layers panel. Choose Layers (Window ->Layers) and click the Photo layer. Call up the Masks panel by choosing Window -> Masks, and in the top right, you'll see a small pen icon.
Click this icon once to add the vector mask to the layer. The background of the photo will then disappear, leaving you with just the item and the color fill layer you added at the start of this process. The Masks panel also allows you to feather the vector mask, which softens its edges and makes the transition between masked and non-masked areas less harsh. I recommend feathering at least one pixel, but you should experiment for best results.
Vector masks in Photoshop CS5 are a bit labor-intensive to build, but they're also much cleaner and more accurate than those created with pixel selection tools. And remember, you can edit the mask at any time--just click the vector mask thumbnail in the layer, choose the Direct Selection Tool, and then use it to tweak the vector shape. | <urn:uuid:a03c5cdc-c6d6-478e-8f9e-c35fa28edcee> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/how-to/photo-video/3289549/how-to-create-vector-masks-in-photoshop/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703682988/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112802-00070-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919687 | 1,363 | 3.375 | 3 |
GLENWOOD SPRINGS, Colo.-
The Glenwood Springs Downtown Partnership is concerned about the new Grand Avenue bridge the Colorado Department of Transportation plans on building.
Although the initial selection of bridge location is favored by most, concerns about the specifications of the bridge have the downtown partnership taking proactive measures.
"What we've encouraged city council to do is bring in a professional to review the economic impact on this kind of a project and look at the various configurations, alternatives and possibilities, then come back with a recommendation for the one that would have the most positive economic impact," said Tom Flemming, program manager for the Glenwood Springs Partnership.
CDOT plans on performing its own environmental impact, but Flemming and the partnership say they don't want to take any chances.
Flemming says he has read numerous case studies showing bridges can be potentially devastating to a town's downtown economy.
"The wider and the higher, the more negative the impact. It can actually destroy neighboring properties and neighborhoods surrounding the road project," said Flemming.
CDOT officials will hold an open house to provide ideas and feedback about the bridge's size, type and how it might look.
They will also discuss the environmental assessment.
The meeting will be held in November, but the time and place haven't been announced yet.
To sign up to receive updates from CDOT about the project, click here | <urn:uuid:783f4988-4432-4683-aafa-8aeaf8b206e3> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.krextv.com/news/around-the-region/Downtow-Partnership-Concerned-Over-Grand-Avenue-Bridge-Project-169550906.html?skipthumb=Y | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368707435344/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516123035-00076-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957263 | 286 | 1.625 | 2 |
Apr 12, 2002
Carbon nanotube workers reap rewards
Five scientists have recently won awards for their work on carbon nanotubes. Four researchers shared the Agilent Technologies Europhysics prize, while the American Chemical Society also presented an accolade to a nanotube specialist.
Sumio Iijima, Cees Dekker, Thomas Ebbesen and Paul McEuen received the 2001 Agilent Technologies Europhysics prize for outstanding achievement in condensed-matter physics. The scientists were recognized for their discovery of multi- and single-walled carbon nanotubes and their studies of the tubes' properties. They received the award at a meeting of the European Physical Society earlier this month.
"These researchers have created an entirely new field in condensed-matter physics - a field at the intersection of nanoscience, nanotechnology and molecular electronics," said Roberto Favaretto, Agilent vice-president for Europe, the Middle East and Africa.
Iijima discovered carbon nanotubes back in 1991, successfully synthesizing single-wall nanotubes two years later in conjunction with T. Ichihashi. In 1996, Ebbesen and colleagues made larger quantities of purified nanotubes and showed that they are the stiffest known material, with great potential for reinforced composites and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS).
A year later, groups led by Dekker and McEuen reported on nanotubes' electrical properties. They discovered that nanotubes are one-dimensional conductors that have either conducting or semiconducting characteristics, depending on the nanotubes' atomic structure. Both groups later created novel devices, including the first single-molecule nanotube transistors and molecular diodes.
Over in the US, meanwhile, the American Chemical Society presented its 2002 award for pure chemistry to Hongjie Dai of Stanford University. Dai won the prize for his work on controlled-growth methods for ordered nanotubes. He developed a metal-catalysed chemical-vapour-deposition technique for the patterned growth of carbon nanotubes and has also made a number of nanotube-based devices, including chemical and biological sensors.
Last year, Dai founded carbon nanotube start-up Molecular Nanosystems. The company, which is currently raising its second round of funding, shipped its first commercial product - atomic force microscope (AFM) probes with carbon nanotube tips - last month.
About the author
Liz Kalaugher is editor of nanotechweb.org. | <urn:uuid:ed44c36f-7939-47c7-85c6-26c6052f4e4e> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://nanotechweb.org/cws/article/tech/5314 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703682988/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112802-00017-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934354 | 529 | 2.234375 | 2 |
At an automotive sector meeting in İstanbul, he announced that with the new type of loans, the state will distribute loans under two categories. One option will be no payment for two years with seven years of monthly installment payments, while the second option will be no payment for three years followed by 10 years of installment payments.
Noting that the interest rate on loans will be under market rates, Çağlayan said, “The general manager of the bank is authorized to approve up to $10 million in loans, but loan applications for more than $10 million will need to be authorized by the board of directors,” and added: “The ministry is trying its best to serve the needs of our businessmen by distributing incentives or low-rate state loans. We suggest businessmen buy firms that specialize in feasibility research as well as distribution networks and services. We are ready to grant $200,000 to our industrialists to conduct feasibility studies.” Türk Eximbank, established in the 1980s, is a fully state-owned bank acting as the Turkish government’s major export incentive instrument in Turkey’s sustainable export strategy. | <urn:uuid:e35fea7b-51ad-4ed9-b9db-6bf150c244a4> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=280682 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705953421/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120553-00067-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970373 | 237 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Stuxnet: Cyber warfare's game-changer, Part OneIf you ask anyone how many atomic bombs were set off during World War Two, the instinctive response for most folks is two.
Actually there were three. One was exploded as a test at the New Mexico Trinity Site and two were operationally dropped onto Japan.
Weaponized atomic energy was a game-changing influence felt by a very proud nation which reluctantly surrendered, ending World War Two. After the surrender, it was discovered through interviews and other analysis that the Imperial Army's version of the final days of war was targeted toward insurgency, down to women and children.
We can no longer direct the war with any hope of success. The only course left is for Japan's one hundred million people to sacrifice their lives by charging the enemy to make them lose the will to fight.
In the science and art of warfare, a game-changing event had occurred. Without this disruptive technology, estimates of a quarter million Allied deaths were expected in taking the island nation and in garrisoning it.
Recently, Ralph Langner, now famous for his Stuxnet analysis, detailed the game-changing nature of Stuxnet:
Of all the infected systems from all over the world, only two facilities have reported damage caused by Stuxnet: Bushehr's nuclear power plant, and the uranium enrichment facility in Natanz. No other infected facility has reported damage.
Remember that unconfirmed data sources in the media or direct reports from Iran are reporting only two sites as damaged, but this could be under-reported as often occurs with cyberthreats.
Still, would that mean that attacks like Stuxnet could be used effectively?
Stuxnet: As game-changing as atomic warfare?
My viewpoint is that the disruptive threat of Stuxnet is not found within the malware, it's in the entire process and the proof of concept. Langner posits this:
The biggest collateral damage, however, emerges from the cost of dealing with post-Stuxnet malware, which copies attack technology from Stuxnet.
In ongoing analysis, Langner feels that instead of viewing Stuxnet as malware, one should look at it as a process or, more aptly, as an intelligence operation. Langner's take is that:
[The operation] can be broken down into three major stages: preparation, infiltration and execution.
This seems fairly straightforward to anyone who has planned the smallest project. For criminals, terrorists and intelligence officers, this plan would merely require assignment of job tasks to the proper skilled human resources. I can draw a parallel to a recent Rise of the Machines article which posits our own command-and-control networks being susceptible to compromise.
Based on my experience as a trained military intelligence analyst, discussions with others and my own family history, I can tell you that Stuxnet's key contribution to warfare is not in its [unconfirmed] singular success of potentially disabling one or two Iranian targets, it's in the proof of concept of cyberwarfare against SCADA.
Langner agrees, and further details that:
[Stuxnet] provides a blueprint for aggressive attacks on control systems that can be applied generically. Depending on where you live, such very same control systems may control the power plant that provides your electricity, the water utility that provides your water, the factory where you work in, and the traffic lights you see on your way home.
The technology how to manipulate all such systems is now on the street, and don't be so naive to assume that nobody would take advantage of it.
The game-changing nature of malware and the kinetic world has become more than theoretical. Right now, SCADA control systems connected to the internet are vulnerable and will continue to be so as long as they're connected.
As everybody knows who accessed [www.RalphLangner.com], it is not about changing document content, it is about disrupting a physical process, thereby destroying machinery and equipment that is difficult to replace.
If you are infected with Stuxnet, but don't have the specific machinery that Stuxnet is targeting configured the exact way that Stuxnet is looking for, Stuxnet will ignore you.
If you are Stuxnet's target, don't bother that you could somehow miss Stuxnet's action. Stuxnet is so aggressive that there is no way to miss it.
Others will see Stuxnet's results, too. | <urn:uuid:8825b43f-c6e8-419b-8431-c34c380c25e6> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.scmagazine.com/stuxnet-cyber-warfares-game-changer-part-one/article/180962/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709037764/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125717-00021-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967673 | 915 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Rotaviruses are a leading cause of severe diarrhoeal disease and dehydration in infants and young children throughout the world. Most symptomatic episodes occur in young children between the ages of 3 months and 2 years. The virus spreads rapidly, presumably through person-to-person contact, airborne droplets, or possibly contact with contaminated toys.
Symptoms usually appear approximately two to three days after infection, and include projectile vomiting and very watery diarrhoea, often with fever and abdominal pain. The first infection is usually the worst one.
There is no specific drug treatment for rotavirus infection, although oral rehydration therapy is recommended. There are now two new rotavirus vaccines to prevent severe rotavirus disease. | <urn:uuid:85763e73-eed4-4113-adda-80ab28414389> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.who.int/topics/rotavirus_infections/en/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697380733/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516094300-00002-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954416 | 148 | 3.859375 | 4 |
I try to leave myself out of the news stories I write, but it's impossible to write about Ray Bradbury's importance to genre fiction, and American culture in general, without explaining what the grandmaster's work means to me. It's probably that way for most of Bradbury's admirers. And there are few lovers of horror, science fiction, and fantasy who don't admire the man's work.
I discovered Bradbury when I first watched the film version of Something Wicked This Way Comes on VHS back in the ‘80s. As the film's credits rolled, my father commented on a name that appeared – "Oh, this is based on a Ray Bradbury story…" It was the first time I can recall my father mentioning a writer's name while watching a film. After watching Wicked I was curious to see what else this Bradbury guy had written. As I soon discovered, his stories were always much better than the movies based upon them, including those in The Illustrated Man and The Martian Chronicles, and his dystopian science-fiction masterpiece Fahrenheit 451 (which even Francois Truffaut couldn't quite pull off on screen). That's because Bradbury's work was not about the stories themselves, but the way he wrote them. He could make a chill autumn night come alive even if one was reading about it in the dead heat of summer. He could make lifelong urban dwellers long for the pastures of the American Midwest. He could make the simplest things – a wind, a ravine, an empty street – as exciting as the biggest blockbuster Hollywood can conjure. His metaphors were the fuel that made his stories run, staccato bursts of fire that seared into the reader's brain. As only the best art can, his tales of Martian colonists, October carnivals, and lovelorn sea monsters could convince you they were written just for you. Which is part of why it's so hard to accept that Bradbury is gone today at the age of 91. For if the boy who lived forever (he was, at twelve years old, told to do so by a carnival performer named Mr. Electrico) can die, then… anyone can. Mortality has rarely seemed so close to me as it does today.
But mortality is one of the key themes Bradbury explored in his art, especially in his early horror shorts, first published in pulps like Weird Tales (for which he wrote before moving on to slicker magazines like The Saturday Evening Post and Playboy) and collected in The October Country and A Memory of Murder. His stories were often adapted for TV anthologies – like The Twilight Zone and Alfred Hitchcock Presents – and comics like Tales from the Crypt, Weird Science, and his own Ray Bradbury Comics. Bradbury was also given that rarest of pop culture tributes, his own TV show, with the half-hour series Ray Bradbury Theater, sixty-five episodes of which aired on HBO and USA, for which he adapted his own work. Among his best chillers are "The Small Assassin", "The Jar", "The Skeleton", "Usher II", and his novels Something Wicked This Way Comes and Death is a Lonely Business. His children's novel The Halloween Tree remains the best all-around book on my favorite holiday; but tales of the fall – like "Homecoming" and "The October Game" – can be found throughout his collections. His gravestone will read, at his request, "Author of Fahrenheit 451", but Bradbury was first and foremost a short-story writer. America's greatest, in my lifetime, with over six hundred to his name.
I could mention his countless awards and the honors Bradbury received (in recent years, he was given the National Medal of Arts, but appeared proudest of his French Commandeur Ordre des Arts et des Lettres medal, which he often wore during public appearances); the one-of-a-kind tributes (he's certainly the only person I've met with a lunar crater named after him); and the creators he's influenced. Stephen King and Steven Spielberg both credit him for their careers; Disney, Fellini, and Gene Kelly adored him.
But then everyone who met Bradbury adored him. For his true legacy is one of love. He genuinely, madly, wholeheartedly, and unapologetically loved writing; and he encouraged everyone to love whatever it is they do (including myself, when I interviewed him several years ago, and had the opportunity to tell him he was the reason I became a writer). The only thing that gave Bradbury as much pleasure as the work was the response of the readers who enjoyed it. Love is what kept him going for so long (just last week a new essay of his was published in The New Yorker), and love will continue to make his work resonate. In that, Ray Douglas Bradbury – the boy from Waukegan, Illinois – will live forever; and reach Mars, the stars, and everything else that's awaiting us. | <urn:uuid:75d6adf4-2252-4e1d-8a01-9c0dfc1f0bac> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.fearnet.com/news/news-article/ray-bradbury-americas-greatest-writer-fantastic-fiction-gone?keys=&page=7 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368710006682/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516131326-00068-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984755 | 1,021 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Chlorhexidine gluconate–impregnated dressings have become widely adopted as a means to reduce the risk for catheter-associated bloodstream infections. These dressings release antiseptic under occlusion onto the skin surrounding catheter insertion sites. Although chlorhexidine gluconate is a known cause of contact dermatitis, the phenotypic range of this adverse effect of chlorhexidine gluconate–impregnated dressings in critically ill patients has not been described.
We report 7 cases of erosive irritant contact dermatitis due to chlorhexidine gluconate–impregnated transparent dressings. Six of these patients were children (age range, 4 months to 2 years); the adult was a critically ill 62-year-old man. Four patients were immunosuppressed after solid organ transplant and all were receiving blood pressure support at the time of this reaction. The insertion sites of femoral catheters were involved in all but 1 case; 3 catheter sites were involved in the adult patient. Results of extensive infectious workups were negative. All lesions resolved with discontinuation of the chlorhexidine gluconate–containing dressings, local wound care, and alternative antimicrobial dressings.
Erosive contact dermatitis is an underrecognized complication of chlorhexidine gluconate–impregnated dressings. Health care providers should be aware of this risk, particularly in young children and immunosuppressed and/or critically ill patients, who may be more susceptible to the irritant effects of these dressings. When the dressings are used, patients should be monitored closely for skin breakdown. | <urn:uuid:5d38d942-bda9-4330-a854-8b2db0e92cd0> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://archderm.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1392458 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696382584/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092622-00067-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940162 | 340 | 1.875 | 2 |
CHAPTER XXII. THE AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION WAR. WILLIAM IV, 1740-1751
The birth of an heir on March 8,1748, caused great rejoicings, for it promised permanence to the new order of things. Whatever the prince had firmly taken in hand would have met with popular approval, but William had little power of initiative or firmness of principle. He allowed his course of action to be swayed now by one set of advisers, now by their opponents. Even in the matter of the farmers of the revenue, the best-hated men throughout the Republic and especially in Holland, it required popular tumults and riots at Haarlem, Leyden, the Hague and Amsterdam, in which the houses of the obnoxious officials were attacked and sacked, to secure the abolition of a system by which the proceeds of taxation were diverted from the service of the State to fill the pockets of venal and corrupt officials. In Amsterdam the spirit of revolt against the domination of the Town Council by a few patrician families led to serious disorders and armed conflicts in which blood was shed; and in September, 1748, the prince, at the request of the Estates, visited the turbulent city. As the Town Council proved obstinate in refusing to make concessions, the stadholder was compelled to take strong action. The Council was dismissed from office, but here, as elsewhere, the prince was averse from making a drastic purge; out of the thirty-six members, more than half, nineteen, were restored. The new men, who thus took their seats in the Town Council, obtained the sobriquet of "Forty-Eighters."
The state of both the army and navy was deplorable at the end of the war in which the States had played so inglorious a part. William had neither the training nor the knowledge to undertake their reorganisation. He therefore sought the help of Lewis Ernest, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbuettel (1718-86), who, as an Austrian field-marshal, had distinguished himself in the war. Brunswick was with difficulty persuaded, in October, 1749, to accept the post of Dutch field-marshal, a salary of 60,000 fl. being guaranteed to him, the governorship of Hertogenbosch, and the right to retain his rank in the Austrian army. The duke did not actually arrive in Holland and take up his duties until December, 1750.
The prince's efforts to bring about a reform of the Admiralties, to make the Dutch navy an efficient force and to restore the commerce and industries of the country were well meant, but were marred by the feebleness of his health. All through the year 1750 he had recurring attacks of illness and grew weaker. On October 22, 1751, he died. It is unfair to condemn William IV because he did not rise to the height of his opportunities. When in 1747 power was thrust upon him so suddenly, no man could have been more earnest in his wish to serve his country. But he was not gifted with the great abilities and high resolve of William III; and there can be no doubt that the difficulties with which he had to contend were manifold, complex and deep-rooted. A valetudinarian like William IV was not fitted to be the physician of a body-politic suffering from so many diseases as that of the United Provinces in 1747.
* * * * * | <urn:uuid:0c798136-f3c9-49f3-8768-3b7492df0822> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://historion.net/history-holland/chapter-xxii-austrian-succession-war-william-iv-1740-1751?page=5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368708766848/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516125246-00027-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987362 | 714 | 2.734375 | 3 |
1.52v is the maximum VID that is expressed in binary, that the CPU can accept a signal from, using the VRD 12 specification (possibly WRONG, see below). I believe someone said that the vcore the chip requests at auto voltage is the voltage it requests to run at at that frequency, based on that specification.
This has NOTHING to do with "Absolute maximum" voltage.
If you remember on the c2q 45nm chips, maximum VID was 1.3625 while absolute maximum voltage was 1.45v. Notice max VID is LESS than absolute max vcore. On the datasheet, the VID went up to 1.600v, but this was simply for the sake of completeness when entering binary bits as 1 or 0.
On 45nm i7, maximum VID was 1.35v while absolute maximum voltage was 1.55v. (proof here: http://download.intel.com/design/pro...hts/320834.pdf )
Now on sandy bridge, maximum VID is 1.52v, while absolute maximum voltage is...(unknown).
Now I honestly don't know why the maximum VID is 1.52v here. This doesn't make sense. Both previous processor families (C2Q/wolf series and core i7) had max vid around 1.35v.
I suggest you guys look at this carefully.
Go back to the core i7 chart for 45nm.
Notice in the vid CHART (3 graphs), the maximum VID possible that is shown in binary is 1.600v ?
But the maximum VId allowed for the processor is 1.35v? (minimum is 0.825v)
Now look at the SB chart here:
Both the CHART and the vid range ENDS at 1.52v, and starts with an ungodly low voltage of 0.25v. . This does NOT happen with previous processors, except for the binary VID chart, which is not a proper VID range for the processors. Something doesn't match up correctly here. Almost seems like someone made a design error making the documents, and made the VID range match the chart, which is clearly not what is supposed to happen. For proof, look at the 45nm I7 vid range: it starts at 0.825v at minimum. A processor can actually RUN at this voltage. But Sandy Bridge starts at 0.250. Good luck making any processor operate at that voltage, even under LN2. Someone clearly just copied the Binary field for vid range from the chart, and no one actually put the VALID proper vid range for the processor. (Willing to bet its about 0.825v-1.35v).
I'll bet anyone hard cold money that 1.52v is NOT the "max vid" for this processor. Unless you want to prove to me that 1.60v was the max vid under valid vid range, for the i7 45nm. Anyone care to take me up on that?
Unlike some of you guys, I don't have higher ups over at Intel, so me contacting them may do nothing... | <urn:uuid:3b4277ec-d13a-41d8-9902-8d3f2831a568> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.xtremesystems.org/forums/showthread.php?266145-0.25v-1.52v-is-NOT-the-correct-VID-range-for-sandy-bridge | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696382584/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092622-00068-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935846 | 659 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Nicholas Nesson, Director, ASDA’A Burson-Marsteller; Joseph Ghossoub, Chairman & CEO, MENACOM Group; and Bashar Al Kadhi, Chief Operating Officer, ASDA’A Burson-Marsteller
The single greatest priority for young people in the Middle East remains living a democratic country, according to the findings of the 2010 ASDA’A Burson-Marsteller Arab Youth Survey, the largest study of its kind of the region’s largest demographic. This finding echoes the results of the 2009 survey – conducted well over a year before the start of recent regional unrest – which similarly identified the yearning for greater political participation as the defining characteristic of Arab youth.
This is the key finding of the 10-country survey unveiled today in Dubai and New York. Conducted by leading international polling firm Penn Schoen Berland (PSB), the Third Annual ASDA’A Burson-Marsteller Arab Youth Survey included 2,000 face-to-face interviews with Arab nationals and Arab expatriates between the ages of 18-24 in the six Gulf Cooperation Council nations (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE), as well as in Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq. These interviews were conducted in December 2010 and January 2011.
In February and March of this year, in the wake of protests across the region, PSB conducted an additional poll of 500 young people in five countries, including Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq. These findings reveal that, while the importance of democracy is even more pronounced, it is balanced by a desire for stability. Support of the protests is high among this group, and so is the belief in the positive impact of these movements. However, young people in these countries are markedly less confident that their own countries are moving in the right direction than they were just a few months earlier.
“During this period of seismic change across much of the Arab world, it is more important than ever that we understand the hopes, fears and aspirations of the region’s youth,” said Mark Penn, Worldwide CEO of Burson-Marsteller. “As our 2009 survey showed, and as this year’s report further validates, the highest priority for young people in the region remains participation and representation in the political life of their country of residence. Recent events in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and elsewhere are the manifestation of this fundamental truth: Arab youth have a deep and enduring desire for democracy.”
“In a region where two-thirds of the population is under the age of 30, policymakers, business leaders, marketers and the media need to understand the priorities of our young people,” said Joseph Ghossoub, Chairman and CEO of the MENACOM Group, regional parent of ASDA’A Burson-Marsteller. “We strongly believe that the 2010 ASDA’A Burson-Marsteller Arab Youth Survey should be required reading for everyone who has a stake in the future of this diverse and rapidly evolving region.”
“We are proud to produce, on an annual basis, the largest survey of young people in the Arab world, which reflects our commitment to evidence-based communication,” said Sunil John, CEO of ASDA’A Burson-Marsteller, the Middle East’s leading public relations consultancy. “From political beliefs to personal values, from online trends to educational aspirations, the ASDA’A Burson-Marsteller Arab Youth Survey covers an unmatched array of key issues informing the future direction of the Arab world.”
Other key findings of the Third Annual ASDA’A Burson-Marsteller Arab Youth Survey include the following insights:
- The high cost of living is perceived as the most significant challenge, followed by unemployment; in both instances, the level of concern is much higher among youth in non-Gulf states than in Gulf states.
- Arab youth are significantly more concerned about the gap between the rich and poor than they were in 2009, especially in Jordan, Lebanon and Saudi Arabia.
- While 63% of GCC youth say they expect to pursue further education, just 14% of non-GCC youth believe the same.
- Arab youth prefer to work in the private sector (47%), rather than the public sector (40%), although Saudi youth (79%) strongly prefer to work for government; more than half of all regional youth say that they intend to start their own business in the next five years.
- 80% of Arab youth now say they use the Internet on a daily basis, up from 56% in 2009; social networking is also expanding dramatically.
- Television remains by far both the most popular and most trusted source of news for youth across the region.
- Arab youth say that traditional values are extremely important to them, especially youth in Iraq (94%) and Bahrain (91%).
Young Arabs have increasingly favourable views of major global powers, although Gulf and non-Gulf youth have very different perceptions about the dominant powers in the East and West; youth across the region also say that the concept of global citizenship is increasingly important to them.
The Third Annual ASDA’A Burson-Marsteller Arab Youth Survey was unveiled today at high-profile events in Dubai, where ASDA’A Burson-Marsteller is headquartered, and New York, during the annual Global Leadership Meeting of Burson-Marsteller. | <urn:uuid:f87943da-d755-4504-ba5a-b5b7941dedbe> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.albawaba.com/overriding-desire-democracy-tops-agenda-asda%E2%80%99-burson-marsteller-arab-youth-survey | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368701852492/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516105732-00023-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94097 | 1,137 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Is there a correlation between ambiguity of the hands/feet/body with the Left and Right Hemispheres increased Activity of the Brain?
In "western" cultures, often times they use forks and spoons (both hands) and in "eastern" cultures they use chopsticks (one hand) and holding the bowl (other hand).
I have been told to use both hands because it stimulates both sides of the brain. Whenever I don't use both hands, I am teased that half my brain is asleep.
Any theories or elaborations you know of? | <urn:uuid:c08c16c0-1c33-4f3b-b6cc-bf74d95e3736> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.ted.com/conversations/11264/is_there_a_correlation_between_2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368707435344/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516123035-00074-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948079 | 115 | 2.03125 | 2 |
When my neighbor called early Wednesday morning, she sounded close to tears. Her Yahoo Mail account had been hijacked and used to send spam to addresses in her contact list. Restrictions had then been placed on her account that prevented her from e-mailing her friends to let them know what happened.
In a blog post published hours before my neighbor's call, researchers from security firm Bitdefender said that the hacking campaign that targeted my neighbor's account had been active for about a month. Even more remarkable, the researchers said the underlying hack worked because Yahoo's developer blog runs on a version of the WordPress content management system that contained a vulnerability developers addressed more than eight months ago. My neighbor's only mistake, it seems, was clicking on a link while logged in to her Yahoo account.
As someone who received one of the spam e-mails from her compromised account, I know how easy it is to click such links. The subject line of my neighbor's e-mail mentioned me by name, even though my name isn't in my address. Over the past few months, she and I regularly sent messages to each other that contained nothing more than a Web address, so I thought nothing of opening the link contained in Wednesday's e-mail. The page that opened looked harmless enough. It appeared to be an advertorial post on MSNBC.com about working from home, which is something I do all the time. But behind the scenes, according to Bitdefender, something much more nefarious was at work.
"It's a little bit like money laundering," Jeff Williams, a Web application security expert and CEO of Aspect Security, told Ars, referring to reflected XSS attacks. "You take your script, and you send it through developer.yahoo.com, and when it comes into your browser, now it's clean. It runs as developer.yahoo.com and it can access your cookie."
Once hackers possess a Yahoo authentication cookie, they can log in to the corresponding account and send spam, siphon the address book, and control other key functions for as long as the cookie is valid, or until the user logs off. In some cases cookie-stealing attacks work only when a victim clicks a malicious link while logged in to the targeted service.
According to the Open Web Application Security Project, XSS vulnerabilities are the number two threat faced by websites, just behind another serious vulnerability that permits so-called SQL injection attacks. XSS vulnerabilities are to websites as dandelions are to a suburban lawn. They're almost impossible to eradicate even by a watchful groundskeeper. Left to their own devices, they soon run rampant. Most XSS bugs are inconsequential, but every now and then they make the difference between an account getting hacked or remaining secure, as my neighbor now knows.
If Bitdefender researchers are correct in saying the campaign targeting Yahoo accounts began roughly a month ago, and that the hack worked because administrators didn't apply a patch released more than eight months ago, this is a serious misstep on the part of Yahoo admins. Add to that Yahoo's failure to warn its users once the attacks became public and its PR department's failure to reply to my e-mail inquiries and it's even harder to excuse what's happened here. What's more, a report released Tuesday by security firm Imperva details a separate SQL injection attack that last month gave hackers control over Yahoo servers, suggesting that such problems are systemic.
Given the huge financial and competitive strains the company faces, an about-face doesn't look likely anytime soon. That's why I suggested my neighbor switch to Gmail. Google's service is by no means perfect, but it has been the undisputed leader in Web mail security. It was the first to offer always-on HTTPS protection that encrypts mail sessions from start to finish, and it employs world-class security experts who recognize that their users' lives may depend on the integrity of their e-mail accounts. (In the case of dissidents in China and other countries with repressive governments, this may be literally true).
Closing out an e-mail account can be a hassle, but already my neighbor is looking forward to a new beginning.
"I'm sorry to report that my e-mail was hacked this morning and many of you probably got messages from me inviting you to open a link," she wrote in a message sent from her new Gmail account. "May your day be uncluttered, no more nonsense!"
On Thursday afternoon, Yahoo officials released the following statement:
Yahoo! takes security and our users' data seriously. We recently learned of a vulnerability from an external security firm and confirm that we have fixed the vulnerability. We encourage concerned users to change their passwords to a strong password that combines letters, numbers, and symbols; and to enable the second login challenge in their account settings.
There's no evidence that weak passwords or a lack of a second login challenge played any role in the hacking campaign. | <urn:uuid:dae954c4-5621-4987-843e-5f3ef4666785> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://arstechnica.com/security/2013/01/how-yahoo-allowed-hackers-to-hijack-my-neighbors-e-mail-account/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+arstechnica%2Findex+%28Ars+Technica+-+All+content%29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368707435344/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516123035-00054-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965284 | 1,008 | 2.125 | 2 |
After R-Day, expect freedom from chill.
The bone-numbing weather, which was experienced around Christmas last year, has returned to torment the state and climate experts promise nature's warmth only after January 26. They have, however, warned of another cold spell in February.
Analysts at Patna Meteorological Office said the nip in the air was being felt both during the day and at night because of a Celsius free fall over the past 24 to 48 hours.
Minimum temperatures at several places witnessed a plunge and Jamshedpur joined the sub-10 club. The local weather office recorded a reading of 9�C, four notches below the average normal.
Statistics showed that last year, the minimum had hovered between 11�C and 13�C in the steel city during this time of the year. Chaibasa, Chandil, Ghatshila and a few other pockets of the Kolhan region too experienced biting cold, as the mercury dived three degrees below normal in 48 hours.
Daltonganj registered a drop to 6.7�C on Thursday from 7.3�C some 24 hours ago. The reading was five notches below the average normal, which prompted weathermen to issue a cold wave alert in the Palamau region.
Night temperatures also plummeted in districts like Koderma, Hazaribagh, Deoghar and Khunti in 48hours.
Though the Celsius witnessed a rise in capital Ranchi, it still remained below the 10-degree mark. The local Met office recorded a minimum of 9.4�C. Yesterday, Ranchi had recorded 7.6�C.
There was not much fluctuations in the minimum reading of Bokaro, which stayed below 10�C.
Weathermen said there would be little variation in minimum temperatures in the next 48 hours. "The Celsius slide will stop except for a few pockets. The morning fog and evening mist will also reduce in the next two days," said A.K. Sen, the director of Patna Met office.
He added that one could look forward to some respite from the chill only after the next 48 hours. "Our observations suggest that night temperatures will rise after January 26. However, another cold snap is expected around the first week of February," he warned.
Sen ruled out the possibility of any impact of a weak western disturbance near Afghanistan on Jharkhand's weather. Last week, a western disturbance over north India and an anti-cyclonic circulation over eastern India had blocked the path of the North Wind. Its revival paved way for a Celsius slide.
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