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Caplet: The Masque of the Red Death
The harp isn't usually associated with fear and death, most often relegated to music of a "nymphs and shepherds" variety. André Caplet, who composed many of the loveliest works for harp in the repertoire, took the instrument out of its comfort zone with some incredibly ethereal, chilling music based on Edgar Allan Poe's short story The Mask of the Red Death. In the original tale, a prince holds a lavish masked ball, where he confronts a mysterious figure wearing a ghoulish mask and bloodstained robe. When the prince falls dead, his other guests forcibly remove the mask to reveal no solid form underneath: it is the spirit of the "Red Death" plague come to claim them all.
What are your thoughts on this article? Have your say and leave your comments below.
Please read our guidelines on commenting
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be removed and your access may be suspended. Abusive or obscene language will not be tolerated. The comments below do not necessarily
reflect the views or opinions of Limelight, Haymarket Media or its employees.
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|About COLA Riders
Cola stands for cost of living adjustment. When you buy a cola rider, you prepare for economic adjustment in the future. Your benefit would compound by a given interest rate each year.
|About replacement income
A disability policy should generally cover about sixty percent of your income, but you may need more or less than this amount, depending on your income sources.
It's important to understand how your insurance company defines disability because it affects your costs and the type of coverage you'll ultimately purchase.
|Group vs. individual coverage
Disability insurance may be included in your benefit plan from your employer or union. You shouldn't ever turn down disability insurance. Group benefits can offer short term or long term disability benefits.
|How can I calculate my needs?
Every family needs disability insurance to replace any lost wages if the main income provider becomes disabled. Disability insurance should generally cover sixty percent of your monthly income.
|Occupation classification data
Insurance companies have a rating system which judges different occupations based on how dangerous they are. If you want to purchase disability insurance, the insurance company may tell you that your job is non eligible, or n-e, because your job is considered too hazardous.
By knowing what types of policies are available, you can ensure that you purchase the insurance policy that's best for you. Your policy should guarantee that you can renew it until your at least sixty-five.
|What about purchase options?
One type of disability rider that you may want to consider is a purchase option. It allows you to purchase more insurance coverage as you get older, or when events, such as marriage or the birth of a child, changes your insurance needs.
|What are Social Security riders?
When you purchase a disability insurance policy, you should understand how much you will receive, the length of the waiting period for benefits and how much your policy will cost.
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|Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary|
5:4-8 When a person made engagements rashly, he suffered his mouth to cause his flesh to sin. The case supposes a man coming to the priest, and pretending that his vow was made rashly, and that it would be wrong to fulfil it. Such mockery of God would bring the Divine displeasure, which might blast what was thus unduly kept. We are to keep down the fear of man. Set God before thee; then, if thou seest the oppression of the poor, thou wilt not find fault with Divine Providence; nor think the worse of the institution of magistracy, when thou seest the ends of it thus perverted; nor of religion, when thou seest it will not secure men from suffering wrong. But though oppressors may be secure, God will reckon for all.
Verse 4. - Koheleth passes on to give a warning concerning the making of vows, which formed a great feature in Hebrew religion, and was the occasion of much irreverence and profanity. When thou vowest a vow unto God, defer not to pay it. There is here plainly a reminiscence of Deuteronomy 23:21-23. Vows are not regarded as absolute duties which every one was obliged to undertake. They are of a voluntary nature, but when made are to be strictly performed. They might consist of a promise to dedicate certain things or persons to God (see Genesis 38:20; Judges 11:30), or to abstain from doing certain things, as in the case of the Nazarites. The rabbinical injunction quoted by our Lord in the sermon on the mount (Matthew 5:33), "Thou shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt perform unto the Lord thine oaths," was probably levelled against profane swearing, or invoking God's Name lightly, but it may include the duty of performing vows made to or in the Name of God. Our Lord does not condemn the practice of corban, while noticing with rebuke a perversion of the custom (Mark 7:11). For he hath no pleasure in fools. The non-fulfillment of a vow would prove a man to be impious, in proverbial language "a fool," and as such God must regard him with displeasure. The clause in the Hebrew is somewhat ambiguous, being literally, There is no pleasure (chephets) in fools; i.e. no one, neither God nor man, would take pleasure in fools who make promises and never perform them. Or it may be, There is no fixed will in fools; i.e. they waver and are undecided in purpose. But this rendering of chephets appears to be very doubtful. Septuagint Ὅτι οὐκ ἔστι θέλημα ἐν ἄφροσι which reproduces the vagueness of the Hebrew; Vulgate, Displicet enim ei (Deo) infidelis et stulta promissio. The meaning is well represented in the Authorized Version, and we must complete the sense by supplying in thought "on the part of God." Pay that which thou but vowed. Ben-Sirs re-echoes the injunction (Ecclus. 18:22, 23), "Let nothing hinder thee to pay thy vow (εὐχὴν) in due time, and defer not until death to be justified [i.e. to fulfill the vow]. Before making a vow (εὔξασθαι) prepare thyself; and be not as one that tempteth the Lord." The verse is cited in the Talmud; and Dukes gives a parallel, "Before thou vowest anything, consider the object of thy vow" ('Rabb. Blumenl.,' p. 70). So in Proverbs 20:25 we have, according to some translations, "It is a snare to a man rashly to say, It is holy, and after vows to make inquiry." Septuagint," Pay thou therefore whatsoever thou shalt have vowed (ὅσα ἐάν εὔξη),
Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible
When thou vowest a vow unto God,.... Or "if thou vowest" (r), as the Vulgate Latin version; for vows are free and indifferent things, which persons may make or not; there is no precept for them in the word of God; instances and examples there are, and they may be lawfully made, when they are in the power of man to perform, and are not inconsistent with the will and word of God; they have been made by good men, and were frequent in former times; but they seem not so agreeable to the Gospel dispensation, having a tendency to ensnare the mind, to entangle men, and bring on them a spirit of bondage, contrary to that liberty wherewith Christ has made them free; and therefore it is better to abstain from them: holy resolutions to do the will and work of God should be taken up in the strength of divine grace; but to vow this, or that, or the other thing, which a man previous to his vow is not obliged unto, had better be let alone: but however, when a vow is made that is lawful to be done,
defer not to pay it; that is, to God, to whom it is made, who expects it, and that speedily, as Hannah paid hers; no excuses nor delays should be made;
for he hath no pleasure in fools; that is, the Lord hath no pleasure in them, he will not be mocked by them; he will resent such treatment of him, as to vow and not pay, or defer payment and daily, with him. So the Targum,
"for the Lord hath no pleasure in fools, because, they defer their vows, and do not pay;''
pay that which thou hast vowed; precisely and punctually; both as to the matter, manner, and time of it.
(r) "si quid vovisti", V. L.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
4. When thou vowest a vow unto God—Hasty words in prayer (Ec 5:2, 3) suggest the subject of hasty vows. A vow should not be hastily made (Jud 11:35; 1Sa 14:24). When made, it must be kept (Ps 76:11), even as God keeps His word to us (Ex 12:41, 51; Jos 21:45).
Ecclesiastes 5:4 Parallel Commentaries
Ecclesiastes 5:4 NIV
Ecclesiastes 5:4 NLT
Ecclesiastes 5:4 ESV
Ecclesiastes 5:4 NASB
Ecclesiastes 5:4 KJV
Bible Hub: Online Parallel Bible
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From L to R: Britta Riley at the Synagogue, SCAD's re-purposed theater and prison, Chris Parachini admires some student work, and one of Savannah's many incredible green squares.
Recently, Mapos was honored and delighted to be invited to participate in Savannah College of Art & Design‘s nine day long design celebration, SCAD Style 2010, as part of their “Sustainability in Action” panel discussion, along with co-panelists, the artist/inventor Britta Riley and restaurateur/urban farmer Chris Parachini. Our gregarious moderator, Matthew Mascotte, assembled the panel to highlight 3 unique but related practitioners in ongoing sustainable projects. Video of the inspirational and informative discussions, which occurred in both the Atlanta and Savannah campuses, can be seen via this link (once it’s available). Until then, we’ll refrain from spoilers and just share some brief thoughts on SCAD, Savannah, Southern Hospitality, and Ghosts:
Mapos enthusiastically applauds SCAD’s campus, which sets the standard for creative reuse of existing urban conditions and architecture, not to mention integration into the urban community of Savannah. During our brief stay, we toured a textiles school in an old elementary school (miniature handrails still intact) and an architecture school within an old railroad structure, dined in not one but 2 former bank structures (one of which was al fresco in the old drive through lane), perused SCAD’s library in a former big box department store, and had cocktails in a former prison decorated by student work. Our standing room only panel discussion occurred in a repurposed synagogue– stained glass still intact. This was just a small sampling of SCAD’s beautifully executed reuse projects in the community.
The City of Savannah exemplifies the perfection of the Grid in city planning. It is both rational and humanist in its execution. Divided by a green square every third block in all four directions, each park space with its own unique character and history, the deadly repetition of the typical grid transforms into something more of a rhythmic melody, human in scale and wonderful to explore by foot. Ironically, these refreshing squares were originally designed for military functions.
One could be excused for likening Savannah to Rome. Like the lush Italian capital, the architecture, urban spaces, and foliage of this port city seem frozen in a former era of great private and civic wealth, where civilized leisure activities by men and women dressed in white was a much larger part of the city’s pulse. Those days are long gone but this cityscape remains like a palimpsest on modern Savannah. As luck would have it, this apparent preservation was the result of decades of economic stagnation during the second half of the last century—so much preserved out of apparent indifference before SCAD came to town 30 years ago. Imagining entire swaths of this fair city completely empty, and overrun by Spanish moss, it’s little wonder that Savannah has garnered a reputation as America’s most haunted city. Ghost stories proliferate in this environment!
When in Savannah, if you simply must eat pork prepared on a smokey, wood-fired grill, slathered in homemade bbq sauce, then drive (very fast) to Rib Hut BBQ in West Savannah, known by the locals as Mama’s (who still holds court in the open kitchen). This is where Matthew took us when we demanded authentic local BBQ. What we got was a transcendental experience which can only be described as a saucy “baptism by barbeque.”
It is said that Savannah is the “Hostess City” of the South, and we have never experienced such remarkably sincere hospitality. Everywhere we went, our new friends were eagerly pointing out the historic sites and curiosities with unaffected delight, both on and off the beaten path. A special thank you to Matthew Mascotte (our Moderator), Scott Singeisen (Chair of the Architecture Dept.), and Ashley Woodson (SCAD Event Master and new friend) for all of the time they spent with us.
Mapos is now conspiring for our next visit to this wonderful place—and Savannah truly is one of those rare things these days: a PLACE. Viva SCAD and viva Savannah, the Mostest City of the South!
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Are are all fat people unhealthy? Not according to a new study.
In fact, some individuals with obesity may be at lower risk for some diseases than their thinner counterparts.
Researchers from Canada found that obese individuals who had only mild physical, psychological or physiological impairments — or none at all — and who had a higher body weight in early adulthood, were happier with their higher body weight and had attempted to lose weight less frequently during their lives.
Such people were also surprisingly found to have a lower risk of dying from cardiovascular causes such as stroke, heart attacks and heart failures than normal weight individuals.
These individuals were also more likely to be physically active and consume a healthy diet including a lot of vegetables and fruits.
The new study was led by Professor Jennifer Kuk from Toronto’s York University.
Kuk and her research team studied 6,000 obese Americans over a 16-year period to compare their risk of mortality to that of lean people. They used a new weight classification measurement called the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS), which uses traditional measurement methods such as the body-mass index and waist-to-hip ratios. But the EOSS also takes into account additional factors such as the extent and severity of other diseases like cancer, mental illness, diabetes, hypertension and heart disease.
In the EOSS classification scheme, individuals who have an elevated weight but no other health issues are placed into a group called Stage 0. Stage 1 individuals have the beginning of some risk factors such as hypertension or high blood sugar that hasn’t developed into diabetes. In Stage 2 individuals have obesity-related diseases that can include hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease. Stage 3 individuals have actual organ damage such as a heart attack, diabetic complications, a stroke and depression. They may even have shortness of breath while sleeping.
The new research found those in Stage 0 and 1 of the EOSS had a similar risk of dying as normal weight individuals. In some cases they may even be healthier than those of normal weight.
The researchers suggest the new findings challenge the idea that all obese people need to lose weight, but warn people to consult with their physician before making any decisions related to their health and weight loss.
The researchers say it’s possible that trying and failing to lose weight might be more harmful than just staying at the higher weight level, as long as obese or overweight people exercise and eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables.
The WHO says that overweight and obesity are the fifth leading risk for global deaths. At least 2.8 million adults die each year as a result of being overweight or obese.
The study was published Monday in the journal of Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism.
Source: York University
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Size-resolved source apportionment of ambient particles by positive matrix factorization
1Department of Air Quality Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Environmental Research Complex, Kyeongseo-dong, Seo-gu, Incheon, 404-170, Republic of Korea
2ADvanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center (ADEMRC) at Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
2The DELTA Group (DAS), University of California, Davis, CA, USA
4Department of Environmental Health, Seoul National University, Yongun-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
Abstract. Size- and time-resolved aerosol samples were collected using an eight-stage DRUM sampler from 29 March to 29 May in 2002 at Gosan, Jeju Island, Korea, which is one of the representative background sites in East Asia. These samples were analyzed using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence for 3-h average concentrations of 19 elements consisting of S, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Cl, Cu, Zn, Ti, K, Mn, Pb, Ni, V, Se, As, Rb, Cr, Br. The size-resolved data sets were then analyzed using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) technique in order to identify possible sources and estimate their contribution to particulate matter mass. PMF analysis uses the uncertainty of the measured data to provide an optimal weighting. Fifteen sources were resolved in eight size ranges (0.07–12 µm) and included Chinese aerosol, soil dust, sea salt, biomass burning, coal combustion, oil heating furnace, residual oil-fired boiler, municipal incineration, nonferrous metal source, ferrous metal source, gasoline vehicle, diesel vehicle, copper smelter, and volcano emission. PMF analysis of size-resolved source contributions showed that natural sources represented by soil dust, sea salt and Chinese aerosol contributed about 79% to the predicted primary PM mass in the coarse size range (1.15–12 µm). On the other hand, anthropogenic sources such as coal combustion and biomass burning contributed about 60% in the fine size range (0.56–2.5 µm). The diesel vehicle source contributed the most in the ultra-fine size range (0.07–0.56 µm) and was responsible for about 52% of the primary PM mass.
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By Dan Steinhart, Casey Research
The US has too much debt. This is no longer a controversial statement. Some may believe other problems are more urgent, or that we need to grow our way out rather than slash spending. But even the most spendthrift pundits acknowledge that the debt-to-GDP ratio of the US must decrease if we are to have a stable, prosperous economy.
The private sector has reacted to this over-indebted reality as you would expect: by deleveraging. Since 2008, households and businesses have extinguished of 67% of their debt when measured against GDP. Some paid debt down purposefully, and others defaulted. For our purposes, it doesn't matter how the debt went away. Only that it did.
Meanwhile, the government has done the exact opposite. It has upped its own borrowing by 52% of GDP since 2008.
As a result of these countervailing forces, the aggregate debt-to-GDP ratio has declined only slightly since 2008. Had the government not stepped in, the US economy would be well on its way to a sustainable debt path. Instead, it has shed a paltry 15% of GDP. In other words, government borrowing largely offset private deleveraging.
(Click on image to enlarge)
Why, in a country in that so desperately needs deleveraging, would the government do such a thing?
The typical response is that such a quick and drastic drop in debt would have flung the US into a depression. That's probably true, as far as it goes. There's no denying that debt growth correlates strongly with GDP.
But it's only half the story. And the other half is more important.
Filling the debt gap with just any borrowing doesn't cut it. In order for debt to aid in economic growth, it needs to be productive. Borrowing for the sake of borrowing is worse than ineffective – it's destructive. Debt itself is neither good nor bad. It depends on what the borrower uses the money for.
Consider a businessman who borrows money to invest in a new project. If his endeavor is successful, it generates enough income to service the debt and return a profit. His income rises more than his debt. Viewed from a macro perspective, GDP rises faster than debt, and so the debt-to-GDP ratio declines. Paradoxically, he actually reduced the debt-to-GDP ratio by taking on debt. This is good debt.
Then there's unproductive debt, which is bad. And in times of over-indebtedness, it's really bad. Think your neighbor buying a TV on credit. He now has more debt with no additional income. He has added to debt, but not productivity. This is bad debt.
The government is the undisputed champion of creating bad debt. Borrowing to spend on weapons, relics (the post office), and losers (Solyndra) does not produce wealth. Even if you argue that some of these expenditures are necessary, they are certainly not productive, in the sense that they add only to the debt side of the ledger without even the prospect of producing income.
That's the fatal flaw of the government stepping in to fill the borrowing gap. Government debt is dead weight. It is a detriment without a corresponding benefit. And even worse, it crowds out private investment, accomplishing the exact opposite of its alleged goal of spurring growth.
The borrowing gap should be filled either with productive debt or not at all. Private businesses are indeed beginning to grow credit, albeit very slowly. That's a good sign, especially for equities – a factor that is shifting the balance between stocks and bonds that investors should have in their portfolios, and just one of the factors covered in our recent free investor bulletin on striking the right balance in your portfolio. But glance up at the chart one more time. Government borrowing has metastasized to the point that it consumes a third of all debt in the US, leaving private borrowing precious little room to grow.
All debt is not created equal. If the debt doesn't produce growth, it's a waste at best, and a destruction of wealth at worst.
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The sarkari naukri, better said Indian government jobs (or govt jobs), are quite a deal. Nowadays, it is simply amazing how these jobs have managed to preserve their benefits and actually increase their popularity.
The demand is high because there are plenty of vacant positions in various government sectors, which need to be filled up with competent resources. So, hiring people seems to be on the crest of the wave in India.
Government jobs (or govt jobs) have earned themselves quite a reputation; there is a strong belief among the Indian people that these jobs are eminent and cluttered with allowances and benefits, in addition to attractive pay balances. Moreover, the offer regarding government jobs is so wide that will eventually fit the educational qualification and experience level of any applicant. People need just a little time and small effort to find what is best for them.
Applying for a nakuri is a very organized and systematic process; nothing is left to be random. Government, bank or railway vacancies require multiple rounds of tests and interviews before they get to be filled up by professional employees. One must meet all the expectations and successfully pass all tests in order to get a job. This is why you need to be very aware of the procedures that are involved in this process if you want to increase your chances of being hired.
While the private sector seems to be going down and more and more of its employees are being laid off, the government sector has remained untouched by the global recession. So, you should not be surprised to see advertisement for sarkari naukri in the local press, requesting new employees, as well as advertisement on the Internet and electronic media; all these are crowded with ads offering Indian people the chance to get a job in the government sector. So, these have become the most sought after jobs recently, especially since other sectors lack opening.
People who are considering these jobs as an option take into account the job security, salary consistency and the smooth life. No wonder why the result is so hopeful, especially since the nice pension after retirement is also one of the benefits a career in the government sector comes with. Not to mention timely promotions and increase in salaries that are also very appealing for people seeking for a new job; all these benefits and many others are offered by the government jobs, also known as sarkari naukri in India.
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- South Africa
- Hong Kong
- New Zealand
- Czech Republic
- United Kingdom
In–Office Information Sessions
- About in-office sessions
- How patients benefit
- How your health care professional benefits
- How Pfizer benefits
- Governing policies
About in-office information sessions
What they are: An in-office session takes place when a member of Pfizer's sales force conducts discussions with health care professionals in the medical office or hospital setting.
What they are designed to do: These sessions enable members of Pfizer's sales force to:
- Present promotional information about our medicines
- Share relevant information like new study results and important safety updates
- Learn what questions your doctor has about our medicines and their uses
- Obtain important feedback from your doctor about her experiences using our medicines
The quality of the information shared: Pfizer is committed to ensuring the information shared by our representatives:
- Is in line with Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved labeling
- Fairly balances the benefit and risk information relating to any Pfizer product discussed
How patients benefit
Patients are more likely to have well-informed health care providers: By keeping your physician up-to-date on our medicines, he or she will have all of the information needed to make the best treatment decisions for you.
How your health care professional benefits
Health care professionals have a chance to keep up with the latest information: Your doctor must balance time spent keeping up with new information about diseases and medicines with seeing and providing care to patients like you.
In-office meetings take less time away from providing patient care: Conducting product information exchanges in the health care professional's office enables him or her to learn more about our medicines without taking valuable time away from patient care.
How Pfizer benefits
We have a chance to share information about our products: Informing your doctor about our medicines and directing him or her to new studies is a key part of how Pfizer tells your doctor about the value of our products.
We learn more about how our medicines are being used and what questions people have: These in-office meetings also enable Pfizer to hear about your doctor's firsthand experiences with our medicines and can help lead to improvements in their design and use.
Policies that govern in-office information sessions
We have policies governing sales and marketing: Our sales force follows our ethical sales and marketing policies when conducting in-office information visits.
We have policies governing the cost of meals: Additionally, any meals offered in connection with information presentations must be modest and provided in a manner conducive to informational communication.
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Interview with Colonel Nancy Jaax, D.V.M., PhD
Colonel Nancy Jaax and her husband, Colonel Gerald Jaax
What motivated you to work with Ebola?
Ebola had just emerged for the second time the year before I came to USAMRIID
as a resident in Veterinary Pathology in 1979. It was truly a "mystery virus"
at the time, and we knew virtually nothing about it--at that time we didn't even
have the tools to classify it accurately. The opportunity to work with such a
unique virus was irresistible to me. I also had contracted Hepatitis C from an
emergency blood transfusion, (at the time, there was no test for this disease,
and it was called "non-A-nonB hepatitis). Whenever I got immunized for a BSL 3
agent, I would experience liver enzyme elevations, so I volunteered to work in
a BSL4 lab, where those vaccinations were not a requirement.
Had you known what you know now about Ebola, would you still have been
involved with it at the same level?
Yes. From a pathology point of view, it's a fascinating virus.
What do you think future research on Ebola should look at?
I think it should focus on the pathogenesis and mechanisms of infection, as well
as finding the host reservoir. Until we know where this virus lives and exactly
how it interacts with the human host , we will be handicapped in our search for
an effective treatment.
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Unquestionably, the annual Southeast Deer Study Group meeting is the largest concentration of minds focused on deer. The participants traveled to Virginia to share their knowledge with anyone with equal interest and respect for whitetails.
In a casual environment, 33 deer researchers presented their most recent findings. All in all, there was much good news to be shared.
Women Hunters Forge Ahead
At present, women represent only 9 percent of all hunting licenses sold. According to Dr. Susan Guynn, of Clemson University, increasing this number requires the consideration of issues important to women. These include traditional gender roles, lack of female mentors, opportunity, family-oriented hunting activities and peer pressure.
To circumvent this problem, a course was designed and offered in the Fall 2008 semester to introduce women to hunting. Because women normally have the most influence on their children, the development of female hunters in courses like the one taught at Clemson could not only impact the number of female hunters, but their children as well.
Healthier Herds, Older Bucks
From 1999 to 2005, the average percentage of yearling bucks in the harvest declined from 51 percent to 45 percent, and the antlerless harvest increased approximately 10 percent.
Fawn recruitment rates have remained relatively constant, yet the percentage of buck fawns harvested declined. Adult sex ratios remained relatively constant or improved, with most states reporting a sex ratio of one to two adult does per adult buck.
Urban Deer Hunting
One solution to controlling deer populations in our suburbs was addressed by Joseph Maddock of Eccologix, which implemented a deer management plan that significantly reduced deer numbers in a Philadelphia suburb.
This program provides evidence that hunters are as adaptable as the deer they pursue, and if deer populations are to be controlled with safety emphasized in the suburbs, bow-hunters represent an effective method to accomplish the task.
More Proficient Bow-Hunters
Research conducted on the Naval Support Facility Indian Head in Maryland by Andy Pederson has provided significant evidence that bow-hunting is much more effective than reported in the past.
Based on their estimates, qualified bow-hunters “were able to recover one deer for every 1.4 shots."
Lyme Disease Research
University of Tennessee graduate student Michelle E. Rosen and her major professor Graham J. Hickling investigated the distribution, abundance and pathogen status of the black tick in Tennessee through examination of ticks collected from deer at check stations across the state.
They demonstrated for the first time that black ticks in Tennessee exhibit the same host-seeking behavior that results in elevated risk of Lyme disease in humans.
Daytime Deer Activity Study
According to Stephen L. Webb, a Ph.D. candidate at Mississippi State University, the moon phase apparently had no effect on daily, nocturnal and diurnal deer movements.
The take-home message for hunters here is — the ultimate time to pursue whitetails is simply whenever you can.
New Insights on Pressured Bucks
The take-home message from research by Gabriel R. Karms is the fact that deer will often seek out refuge when disturbed.
This fortifies the importance of designating deer sanctuaries on a property, affording bucks some protection in order to increase the number that reach the older, larger antler-producing age bracket.
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The Indian Memory Project website is a visual and oral history of the Indian sub-continent through family and personal archives. It is now the home for scores of remarkable images and personal stories. It was set up in 2010 by designer and photographer Anusha Yadav, and she explains here where the idea came from and what the site has achieved:
Photographs have for a long time been my all time favourite – in a museum, in books or at someone’s house. I was brought up in Jaipur, the royal capital of Rajasthan, albeit it wasn’t that royal any more during my childhood. Visiting my friends’ homes I would gaze at living room tables and walls embellished with images of royal or elite family and relatives. At my own home, we would spend holidays projecting my late father’s images on the wall, photographed when we lived in London and the USA. I would relive what I considered the happiest of my memories, insisting that my mother repeat all the adventures of our lives there.
Photographs to me did not evoke the same sentiments as paintings. Paintings were imagined, fictional perhaps, but photographs were real. And with every image that had me pause, a story about it became lodged in my imagination. I would find myself time travelling; imagining myself in the subject’s place and time.
Over time, I attended the National Institute of Design at Ahmedabad in western India, worked with several graphic design and advertising firms, changed several jobs and travelled to different parts of the world in quest of new sights. Photography had begun to become exceptionally important to me. I also attended the University of Sussex to study for a Masters in Photography, but lack of finances made me abandon it after a semester and return to India.
A few years later, and now working as a photographer and book designer, a publisher was interested in new ideas for a photo book. I had for many years toyed with the notion that there was at least one memorable photograph lying in everyone’s photo albums – and especially wedding photos. Weddings are always photographed in India, or if people couldn’t afford photography, the newly weds had themselves photographed right after a wedding, as proof of marriage. It seemed like a good idea to explore, to document modern yet diverse India through images of weddings, their traditions and forgotten ceremonies.
As if by divine design, Facebook, the social networking site had just introduced a photo-sharing platform for people to post images and it was to mark the beginning of crowd sourcing images and stories. Happily, people are not very good with instructions, and along with posted images they mentioned more than just a wedding story. There were other personal stories – of events such as Partition, migration, inter-racial marriages, World Wars, polygamy and many more. Each photo came with a riveting anecdote about their lives, their families, their grievances, as well as their accomplishments.
That’s when the idea of the India Memory Project sprang up. With a narrative and context attached, an image can reveal so much more. The narrative itself, online, could be categorized, labeled, tagged and thus searched. Anyone could trace any event and circumstance (micro or macro) that was mentioned, leading to the notion that one could possible trace an entire history of a subcontinent. And as far as I could see, no one yet had implemented anything like this.
While the British were comprehensive in documenting the days of the Raj, most of these records lie in national archives or private collections and are not easily accessible. Some aren’t even open to public. My annoyance that archives were meant for the privileged by the privileged made me decide in the very beginning that the Indian Memory Project was to be open and free for access by all. As far as the project itself was concerned it was an experiment with no exact assumption of what I or anyone else may find.
Some of the incredible examples in the Archive can be found above and below:
The oldest picture dates to 1890, a couple from Mangalore (from Karnataka in south-west India) who moved to Bombay, Maharashtra and had themselves photographed in local Marathi attire, possibly to quickly fit in to a society where the culture was very different from their own.
The site now has more than one-hundred images, of which those on show here are just a few. Several include narratives and images around Partition and how it affected their lives – and in turn ours. Each and every image is a clue or a missing piece to what I call a personal history of the Indian subcontinent, a baffling mystery pool of diversity, circumstances, opportunities and stories. These images and stories also reveal that global and political events have influenced each one of our lives in some way. And I stand convinced that every person on this planet plays a central role in forming a history of the land as well as the world. It has become an incredibly insightful and impactful archive of the Indian subcontinent by its people and visitors.
A mostly self funded entity, Indian Memory Project now stands tall – it has been referenced by academics, photographers and social documentary makers worldwide. Its images are being used as reference in film and theatre, the project is also cited in research papers and it has been featured in news publications worldwide. It’s had more than half-a-million visitors from all across the world.
My plans to expand the project include books, smart device Apps, more interactivity, displays and exhibitions as well as several collaborations. But above all the quest is to get more images and stories from people, and the site is also in dire need of greater resources and funds.
In quest to find funds, I am recommending that Indian corporations and even family run businesses commission their own histories with visual images and narrative. To my mind there is no better way to document a history, than through photographs and the stories that accompany them.
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The Millionaire Next Door: Riches De-mystified
You've seen them driving by you but you didn't even notice. They were in the checkout line at the grocery store but you didn't give them a second glance. They're everywhere, infiltrating our lives in ways we can't even detect...millionaires.
A while ago I read The Millionaire Next Door , mostly for business purposes. I found the book initially extremely dry and scholastic, but after persevering found that I was quoting all sorts of words of wisdom from the book on a regular basis.
At the very least it gave me a new perspective on millionaires and de-mystified the grandeur of their lives for me.
What goes on behind closed doors is amazing.
Did you know, for example, that the large majority of people living in "rich" neighbourhoods, driving fancy cars, and wearing the latest fashions actually aren't "rich" at all? According to the book these people more often than not live paycheque to paycheque, often working in high-income professions such as medicine or law. They generally have more debts than assets, and their monthly expenses are over the top. They are busy trying to keep up with the Joneses at a pace they often can't maintain.
Or these people were born into or inherited money, and are propagating the statistic that most people who come into money lose it within one generation.
The real millionaires are the people living in the modest houses in modest neighbourhoods, driving older cars, and even clipping coupons.
They understand the value of a dollar, and aren't too proud to go out and save one. (I'll bet we even have some millionaires reading frugal living tips on Wise Bread this very minute)! They believe in investing, delegating matters like financial planning and accounting to the experts, and thoroughly researching their options when they make any major decisions.
Most millionaires are self-made, through hard work, patience, and honesty.
The life of a millionaire (the sort of millionaire referred to in the book, rather) isn't out of reach for those of us who are patient and disciplined enough to get there if that's what we want. But beware: being "rich" isn't a status, and doesn't become a new lifestyle when your bank account magically hits a certain number. Being "rich" is a way of life and an attitude, regardless of whether or not you have money. So start being rich now and become the next Millionaire Next Door!
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City’s pumping station considered ‘life saver’-A A +A
Sunday, August 19, 2012
CITY OF SAN FERNANDO -- Unknown to many Fernandinos, the pumping station in Barangay San Juan here was the reason floodwaters that severely affected low-lying villages here last week receded tremendously.
“When the water level went up, the City Government immediately dispatched their engineers and pump operators in San Juan to siphon the waters induced by monsoon rains that inundated wide areas of Central Luzon including the City of San Fernando,” said Councilor Renato Agustin.
Agustin said this is in line with the current “Sagip Ilog” program of Mayor Oscar Rodriguez.
Pump operator Resty David, 44, told Sun.Star Pampanga on Sunday that the pump station helped a lot in receding the floods in barangays San Juan, Sto. Niño, Sta. Lucia, San Nicolas, Lourdes, Sta. Teresita, San Felipe, San Jose, Dolores, and Sto. Rosario.
The multi-million peso pump station was constructed during the administration of Dr. Rey Aquino in 2002 after he noticed the perennial flood problems in the city.
Published in the Sun.Star Pampanga newspaper on August 20, 2012.
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The web "feed" continues to be properly named, because it satisfies our hunger for steady "feedings" of news--especially throughout this time around of high unemployment. Some companies are actually using feeds to constantly move their jobs listing to search engines like google. Many, however, still advertise by posting new possibilities on employment boards or listing jobs on their own website despite the fact that this is often inefficient. For a lot of reasons, the feed is the easiest method to indulge our appetite legitimate time jobs information.Companies advertising new Chance on their own websites depend around the initiative of job searchers to come back over and over to check on for updates and changes to entries so something that you might want to think about here and you might not have done before is something like rack mount pdu as this really can be beneficial to you. This can be a labor intensive process and never always productive to do the job seeker. Expired job entries may take a seat on an employer's site without any activity whatsoever.
Furthermore, the entire process of posting new entries may discourage companies from advertising all of their openings and job searchers finish track of incomplete information.Advertising on employment boards have several exactly the same disadvantages using the additional disadvantage to posting costs. Companies that publish new openings on the employment board need to consider their budget and weigh the need for advertising employment with the price of posting. They've already to select which opening to market as well as for how lengthy.
This does a injustice to job searchers who think that posts are complete and wish to think about all possible possibilities before making the decision.Each companies and job searchers take advantage of employer driven job feeds. The benefit to companies may be the automated procedure for an rss feed it requires no effort to keep and can continue indefinitely. Companies simply pick the search engines like google which will best market their jobs and subscribe for their feeds. Any listed jobs on their own site will instantly be delivered to the internet search engine and can come in looking results. Job searchers also profit from feeds once they search for focus on a employment internet search engine and make the most current, relevant power of job entries for his or her area.
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If the sudden demolition of historic buildings on the Cerrillos Road campus of the Santa Fe Indian School has an upside, it’s the newly exceptional view. When driving down the densely developed Cerrillos Road corridor, a sudden expanse blossoms beyond the low piles of rubble, and the Jemez and Sangre de Cristo mountains rim the valley as it peals away to the north.
But there’s reason to believe the All Indian Pueblo Council (representing the 19 northern pueblos), which manages the school property, has no intention of leaving the tree-filled expanse as a welcome distraction to commuters.
SFR has obtained a document that suggests the council is well into the planning stages of a massive development project. At press time, the AIPC remained characteristically mum, with both its chairman and Indian School spokesman Gil Vigil declining to respond to inquiries. Although SFR cannot confirm the status of these plans, development experts whom SFR consulted regarding the overhead layout (pictured above) said the massing of buildings and the extensive parking indicate a mixed-use retail center, possibly anchored by a hotel with more than 40,000 square feet of additional, underground parking.
The school became controversial at city, state and federal levels following the rapid demolition of several buildings over a weekend in late July, in which it strategically removed the faces of the buildings first in order to neuter last ditch preservation efforts. At the time, many people argued the actions violated the National Historic Preservation Act. AIPC responded with a three-point argument: The buildings were unsafe and possibly contained asbestos; the buildings represented a period of painful oppression and forced assimilation; and, finally, the sovereign status of the pueblos meant it was nobody else’s business what happened on the property.
A source close to the discussion at the state level (and regional Bureau of Indian Affairs thinking) says it is the guilt ploy—pointing to the history of oppression—that has thus far kept state and federal agencies at bay. Several potential violations related to the demolition, including the spectre of shortcutting proper asbestos remediation, could be investigated, but the State Historic Preservation Office, the BIA and other agencies opted to respect the pueblo council’s stated reasoning and adopted a “wait and see approach,” the source says.
Certainly a tangled trail of permissions, regulations and paperwork—some of it related to how the school’s land was placed in trust for the 19 northern pueblos—and vagaries around the limits of “sovereignty” all contribute to hesitation about what, if any, action should be taken in response to the demolition. Indeed, there are open questions about whether a legitimate transfer of the property ever took place.
But if it turns out that the pueblo council claimed public safety and spiritual cleansing while it failed to disclose the added incentive of a significant for-profit development project, the BIA may become less forgiving.
The preservation-minded City of Santa Fe may also take umbrage, especially as it comprehends the full impact of a resource-intensive development, which would cause a significant boost in water consumption and traffic problems. Fiscally, retailers would presumably be exempt from paying gross receipts taxes and hotels from coughing up lodger’s taxes.
There also are zoning issues. The precedent set by other entities not obliged to follow all the city’s conventions, such as the county and the state, has been to at least respect city zoning and go through proper channels—including public input—in order to change zoning. The Indian School has previously been zoned residential but is slated to be regulated as public/institutional, a designation that does not allow for retail.
Certain indications on the document SFR obtained show the architectural firm planning the development is Studio Southwest Architects, the reincarnation of Design Collaborative Southwest. The firm changed its name after its former principal, Marc Schiff, was indicted in kickback scandals surrounding the $83 million Metro Court project in Albuquerque.
Studio Southwest Architects would not comment on its involvement but, tellingly, referred questions to the “19 northern.”
Let’s presume the pueblo council doesn’t plan to respect the city’s zoning and the city will sulk quietly rather than generate the spine to fight an ambush development like this. It then comes down to a face-off with the federal government. There is a provision in the Omnibus Indian Advancement Act of 2000 that limits land use on the Indian School property to “educational and cultural purposes,” and there is strong language about reverting the property to the US government in the event of noncompliance.
New Mexico’s pueblos absolutely should reap significant benefits from an economic model largely built around the romanticization of their culture. But the pueblo council has no good reason to not include the community—or respect its processes—in the course of doing so. Capitalism gets no free passes for spiritual fouls.
Now is the time for the AIPC to come forward and reveal its intentions for the Santa Fe Indian School. As it is, that splendid view is starting to look pretty underhanded and greedy.
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Assyrians in Iran from 1915
The 19th-century Iranian Assyrians, living under better conditions than their brothers in the Turkish empire, proved to be the best defenders of the Azerbaijan frontier. Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah, after his victory over the Kurds and the Turks, married an Assyrian girl in Dīkāla and organized a regiment of a hundred Assyrian soldiers for defending Tehran (Y. Bḕ[t]-Solḕmān, op. cit., p. 79). From the 1830s to the end of World War I, Urmia was the spiritual capital of the Assyrians by the influence of four Christian missions (see above), which also founded four printing-houses. In 1915-17 the missionary stations in Urmia were able to offer refuge to thousands of Assyrians from the Turkish territory of Hakkari who, under the leadership of their Nestorian patriarch, had to leave their homes to save themselves from the persecution of the Turkish government determined to exterminate all Christians in the Turkish territory. In the early years of the Iranian constitution, the Assyrians had a deputy in the Iranian Parliament (Zahrīrē d-bahrā 62, 1911, p. 1; Macuch, p. 176).
The unfortunate events of the two world wars, however, forced a large number of the Assyrian population of the Urmia plain to migrate into other Iranian cities, especially Tehran, Hamadān, and Kermānšāh, to join relatives or friends there. Some found employment in Iranian administration or in the National Iranian Oil Company and founded new Assyrian communities in Ahvāz and Ābādān, where they established their churches, schools, and clubs. Because of their continual fluctuation it is difficult to give an exact number of Assyrians in different Iranian cities. In Tehran, where there may be about 50,000 Assyrians, they founded three churches and several cultural organizations, especially an Assyrian Youth Cultural Society with its own press publishing books and periodicals. They were supported by the Iranian Ministry of Culture. From 1963 to 1978 they had three successive deputies in the Majles (W. Ebrāhīmī, Dr. W. Bḕt-Manṣūr, and H. Āšūrīān). There was also an Assyrian brigadier-general in the Iranian army, Filip Bḕt-Qšaʿnā (see Ātor 42, 1972). An example of Iranian Assyrian political rhetoric is furnished by the writer Šmūʾḕl Bḕt-Kūlā: “In Isaiah 45:1-8 in the year 712 B.C. it was prophesized of Cyrus the Persian, who in 534 conquered Babyloŋ He freed himself from the Median yoke, became emperor of the Medes and Persians, conquered Babylon, and was a righteous ruler. For these 2,500 years we Assyrians have been faithful citizens of the heroic Persian empire” (“Ṣlōtā qā salāmātūtā d-malkān,” Ātor 29, 1971; cf. Macuch, p. 372).
The Nestorian patriarchate lost its political prerogatives after World War I but continued as a spiritual office—the leadership of Nestorian Assyrians throughout the world. Its hereditary status (succession passed to a late patriarch’s brother or nephew) ended with Mar Eshai Shimon XXIII (Macuch, pp. 336, 486); in 1976 the bishop of Tehran, Mar Denkha, was elected patriarch of “the ancient Church of the East.”
The modern Assyrian society in Iran and its social, political, and economic activities
Because of the fluctuation of the Assyrians after the first and second world wars in general and especially the Islamic Revolution in February, 1979, which may lead to further disintegration of religious minorities, it is extremely difficult to give an exact picture of the present state and activities of the Assyro-Chaldean community in Iran and to guess its future. Forced to leave their more or less compact settlements in Iranian Kurdistan and Azerbaijan, they have been living in a diaspora, predominantly in the larger Iranian cities, only a limited number remaining in their original habitats. The statistics of the years 1950-51 and 1970-71 published by Hubert de Mauroy in his book Les Assyro-Chaldéens dans l’Iran d’aujourd’hui (Paris, 1978) show not only the distribution of the Assyro-Chaldeans in Iran but also the fluctuation and growth of this small nation during these twenty.
We see that the urban Assyrian population almost doubled, from a little above 10,000 in 1950-51 to almost 20.000 in 1970-71, a growth corresponding to the general increase of the population of Iran and to the increased moving of the rural population to the cities in the last decades. The statistics also show that, whereas (apart from Reżāʾīya, a representative Assyrian city in the past) the urban Assyrian population diminished in Iranian Azerbaijan and Kurdistan, it increased excessively in the capital Tehran and, to some extent, in the larger cities of Ḵūzestān, where formerly there were no Assyrians at all, which is directly related to the growing prosperity of these cities due especially to oil industry. The number of Iranian Assyrians still living in villages can be roughly estimated at 60,000. The approximate numbers above are of course no longer valid. The Assyrian population in Tehran seems to have increased by about a third towards the end of the 1980s. Statistical data for the other cities, are impossible to come by in the current situation.
The Assyrians of Iran are divided into two main churches: (1) the Ancient Church of the East (Nestorian) and (2) the Catholic Chaldean Church, as well as a minor Protestant Church and some smaller denominations which came into existence in the last two centuries. The main two Assyrian churches are called, artificially, “Assyro-Chaldean,” as the members of the Catholic Church, in existence since 1552 through a division of the Ancient Church of the East and the subsequent union of the “Chaldeans” with Rome, are not ready to give up their traditional name “Chaldean.” In fact, this church is now somewhat larger than the original Nestorian “Ancient Church of the East” which has only one diocese (Tehran), whereas the Chaldaean Catholic Church is divided into three dioceses: (1) Tehran, (2) Urmia-Salmās (Reżāʾīya), (3) Ahvāz. The bishop of the Nestorian Church in Tehran, Mar Ḫenānyā Deṇḫā was elected patriarch of the Ancient Church of the East on 17 October 1976 in London, after the hereditary principle of the Nestorian patriarchate (passing to the brother or nephew of the patriarch) was given up after the assassination of the last patriarch of this hereditary chain (Macuch, p. 486).
The political status of the Iranian Assyrians is that of a religious minority. Already an electoral law from the Constitution of 1907 made room for an Assyrian deputy in the Majles, but the lack of unity among the Assyrians and the situation created by the two world wars prevented the Assyrians from availing themselves of this possibility. Under the reign of the Qajars only for three short legislative periods (November, 1970-June, 1908; November 1910-December, 1911 and 1915) were Assyrian deputies elected. There has been none between World War I and II. It was only under the government of M. Eqbāl in 1959 that the Assyrians were again represented in the Majles and the first Assyrian deputy, the teacher William Ebrāhīmī was elected for a normal legislative period of four years. For the following legislative period, 1963, there were two candidates, W. Ebrāhīmī and Georges Māleḵ Yōnān. Ebrāhīmī was reelected with 6,000 votes out of 8,000. In 1967 there were four candidates: Wilson Bḕt-Manṣūr, G. M. Yōnān, W. Ebrāhīmī, and Bābā Laʿzār. Of 14,000 votes they got 6,000, 3,500, 2,000, and 500 respectively. In 1971, there was a certain agreement between the Assyrians to reelect Bḕt-Manṣūr that he might eventually be designated as a senator and to make place for a new Assyrian deputy (see the propaganda-article of Rābī ʾĪšaʿyā d-Šammāša Dāwīd in Bḕt-Manṣūr’s newspaper Ātor, no. 31, German summary by Macuch, pp. 375f.). Bḕt-Manṣūr (representing the Īrān-e novīn party) was reelected; the second candidate, Yōnān Māleḵ Manṣūr (of Mardom party) gave up his candidature. But the opposition against Bḕt-Manṣūr started to grow in 1973 as he founded his National Liberation Party supporting Iran’s anti-Iraqi policy in the question of Kurdish liberation fighting in northern Iraq in which many Iraqi Assyrians participated. Many Assyrians abroad criticized this policy and warned against it. As long as Iran supported the fighting Kurds, it was also possible to develop a help program for the Assyrian refugees from Iraq. But after the entente between Iran and Iraq, in 1975, Bḕt-Manṣūr was forced to give up his public functions. The last Assyrian deputy in the Majles from 1976 until the Islamic Revolution in February 1979, was Homer Āšūrīān. He consecrated all his forces to modernization and material and technical development of villages in Iranian Azerbaijan; electricity and water supplies, as well as connecting roads, etc., for several villages were made or, at least, planned under his supervision.
The Assyrians in Iran were hardly in a position to complain about the Pahlavi régime, which guaranteed them political and economical freedoms which the Assyrians enjoyed in no other country of the Near and Middle East; they expressed their gratitude to the shah and his government for the recognition of their human rights quite spontaneously, though a few oppositional Irano-Assyrian students in West Germany wrote a letter to two leaders of the Shiʿite opposition shortly before the beginning of the 1979 revolution in Iran (published by G. Yonan, op. cit., p. 89b), in which they requested respect for the human rights of their nation as well as of other national and religious minorities in their country.
The Assyrians founded charitable, folkloristic, and cultural institutions and even sport clubs in several cities. The first and most important “Assyrian Youth Cultural Society” (Sīʿtā siprētā da-ʿlaymē ātorāye, Tehran) was founded on 21 February 1950 and played a very important role through its publication of books and propagation of literature in modern-Syriac (“Assyrian”). There was also a theater group called Šāhdūst, founded in 1954, with its own choir. Its founder and director, Paṭros Tʾūmā Baḡzāda, wrote forty-five “Assyrian” theater pieces. Another famous and important folkloristic music, dance, and theater group, Šamīrām, was founded in 1957 by Lilē Taymūrāzī. A further Assyrian cultural committee Mutḇā edited in the sixties a monthly information bulletin Keṛḫā yaṛḫāyā. This committee along with the “Assyrian Youth Cultural Society” is still considered one of the most important Assyrian cultural organizations. It publishes “Assyrian” books and in 1974 it founded a National Assyrian Library. In 1976 it was reorganized by new deputy, Homer Āšūrīān, and in 1977 it started to publish a new periodical Šḇīlā “The way.” In August, 1969, the Assyrian Iranian Federation (after the model of the American Assyrian National Federation) was founded. This Federation stood under strong influence of the former deputy Bḕt-Manṣūr whose newspaper Ātor was its organ until his political decline in 1975. In 1970 the Iranian government gave a piece of land of 10,214 m2 to the Assyrian Youth Association in Tehran for cultural activities. A “Salon of Assyrian Youths” and a “Students’ Association” were opened there. Similar cultural associations and clubs have been founded also in other Iranian cities, where Assyrians are living. Among the first ones was the Rotary Club in Ābādān, where many Assyrians were working in the Iranian Oil Company. It was founded in 1955 by Pēʾrā Sarmas. In Urmia and the surrounding villages, there were several churches and summer schools in which the “Assyrian” language and religion according to the Chaldean and Nestorian creeds were taught. In 1966 an Assyrian working team was organized which also founded an Assyrian library. In July, 1970, the radio of Reżāʾīya began broadcasting an Assyrian program directed by Roza Dezāčī, Walwadīa Sargīs, and Šīmʿōn Bḕt-Īšōʿ. The Assyrian youths in Reżāʾīya also founded a sports club Koḵḇa d-Āšur “The Assyrian star.” In Tabrīz there is a youth organization led by Dr. James Hormozī.
The best educational and cultural possibilities were, of course, given in the capital where, in addition to the above-mentioned cultural societies, there were four Assyrian schools. Two of them belonged to the Chaldean Church under the supervision of the Metropolitan Mār (= Mgr.) Yōḫannān ʾĪšay. The Nestorian school Šarq “The east” had about 370 pupils and fifteen teachers and the national school Šūšan over 750 pupils and fourteen teachers in ca. 1975. Apart from the inter-confessional associations, there were cultural organizations attached to almost all Assyrian churches.
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The 1850s witnessed the height of the California Gold Rush wherein the Port and City of San Francisco developed rapidly. It was during this historic time that California Stevedore and Ballast Company was conceived by two Danish sea captains in San Francisco by the names of Eschen and Minor. And, as the saying goes, the rest is history. The development of Southern California with the Ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles led to the formation in 1923 of a second company named Metropolitan Stevedore Company, later rebranded to Metro Ports.
The Roaring ’20s was a time when our industry was built on the backs of a strong labor force. Nowhere was this more evident than in the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, where Metro Ports saw an opportunity to introduce new systems to help labor keep up with the increasing imports of products from Europe, fruit from the Tropics, and rubber from the East Indies.
Unloading these sailing ships and steamers was only part of a stevedore’s day. Empty vessels were reloaded with outbound cargos requiring the same kind of planning, equipment, and strong labor. Exports included borax from the dry California desert, ores from the mines in the Southwest, and seafood harvested by local fishermen off the West Coast.
Since 1923, Metro Ports' headquarters have remained in Wilmington, California, a testament of their vision to continually meeting customer’s needs and growing with an ever-changing industry that demands innovation and a strong commitment to quality and excellence.
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Posted by Michael K.
“WALK” SERMON SERIES: Digital Download
When the Bible talks about our relationship to Jesus Christ, the word used time and time again is “walk.” But what does it mean to walk deeply with Jesus? This 4-part sermon series, available as a digital download, examines the metaphor of walking, examining key attributes in our ongoing journey with God. Either enter your code below, or leave a comment on the site inquiring about purchase of download cards for $5 each.
*Audio immediately downloads onto your computer after purchase.
Christianity has developed its own subculture over time. This subculture has its own music, customs, and buildings, not to mention a vocabulary of holy words we, as members of the subculture, use to talk about Christianity. Saved. Grace. Sin. Repent. These words are synonymous with the Christian experience. But do we really know what they mean, or have we used them so much they’ve lost their meaning?
As you explore the historical and cultural context surrounding the four tough sayings found in this Bible study (the rich young ruler in Mark 10, the Canaanite woman in Matthew 15, the unforgivable sin in Matthew 12, and a contradiction about who Jesus is in Matthew 10 and Luke 12), you can develop a level of intimacy with your group that encourages everyone to continue asking questions long after this study is complete. And hopefully, you’ll discover that questions and doubts are OK—and can usually help to deepen and strengthen your faith.
The Tough Sayings of Jesus Volume II contains four more difficult to digest passages that threaten to blow apart the comfortable vision of the Son of God that many have created. Whether cursing a fig tree, commending a dishonest manager, leaving a friend to die, or demanding an unreasonable amount of good conduct, Jesus refuses to be put into a box.
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Pictures of the Month!
This site was created by students in the herpetology class at Towson University. Site last updated: 05/21/07.
Acknowledgements: Herb Harris - Range Maps; Mark Tegges - Photography; Dan Lapascha & Gigi Forester - TU Herpetology Logo
Eastern Tiger Salamander
There are several subspecies of this animal throughout the United States. The subspecies found in Maryland is the Eastern tiger salamander (A. tigrinum tigrinum). It is usually between 18 and 21 cm long but can be up to 33 cm long. Its stocky and dark brown or black body has irregular yellow-brown or olive-brown spots on its back and sides. The olive-yellow venter is marbled with darker pigment. The tiger salamander is a rare species in Maryland.
Like most ambystomatid salamanders, the Jefferson salamander spends the majority of its time in underground burrows or tunnels that have been excavated by small mammals, but they will leave their burrows on rainy nights for foraging and during the breeding season.
During winter and early spring nights, adults emerge from burrows and migrate to breeding ponds. After a brief courtship, in which the male pushes his nose against the female's body, the female lays her eggs in a mass and attaches them to twigs or weed stems underwater. More than one mass may be deposited, with each mass containing between 25 and 50 eggs. Eggs hatch four weeks later, and larvae stay in the pond until late July or early August, when they undergo metamorphosis. Sexual maturity is reached in 4 to 5 years, and individuals can live for up to 12 to 15 years.
Distribution in Maryland
Range map adapted from Harris, 1975.
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Position Statement from the American Association of Homeopathic Pharmacists regarding Anthrax and Anthracinum
The anthrax and related bioterror scares have put a strain on the information resources of the homeopathic industry. This AAHP position statement was developed in conjunction with physicians of the American Institute of Homeopathy, and the National Center for Homeopathy.
In this time of crisis, some companies may choose to promote homeopathic drug products for the treatment or prophylaxis of anthrax. There is no homeopathic literature nor clinical trials which support any homeopathic drug and more specifically Anthracinum for use as either prophylaxis for, or treatment of, infections caused by anthrax (bacillus anthracis). Such indications are prescription in nature and are an inappropriate use of any product sold over the counter. The literature supports the OTC sale of Anthracinum HPUS only for vesicular skin eruptions. Accordingly, the AAHP makes clear its position that websites and marketers selling homeopathic medicines as OTC products for epidemic and infectious diseases may be in violation of Federal laws.
When properly applied by trained medical professionals, some homeopathic medicines have been shown to be useful in epidemic disease. However, most infectious diseases require medical intervention because an absolute confirmation of infection with a particular disease-producing microorganism requires laboratory tests. Infectious diseases are not self-limiting and require medical diagnosis or monitoring; therefore it is absolutely inappropriate for a homeopathic drug product to be sold over-the-counter (OTC) while being promoted - in any way - for any infectious disease.
The National Center for Homeopathy (NCH) is publishing original articles and information on this subject at www.homeopathic.org. The NCH is glad to share this information. A more detailed explanation of the AAHP position can be found at our website: www.homeopathicpharmacy.org.
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This topic is about urinary
tract infections in teens and adults. For information about infections in
babies and young children, see the topic
Urinary Tract Infections in Children.
urinary tract is the system that makes urine and
carries it out of your body. It includes your
bladder and kidneys and the tubes that connect them. When germs get into this
system, they can cause an infection.
Most urinary tract
bladder infections. A bladder infection usually is not
serious if it is treated right away. If you do not take care of a bladder
infection, it can spread to your kidneys. A
kidney infection is serious and can cause permanent
germs get into your system through your urethra, the tube that carries urine
from your bladder to the outside of your body. The germs that usually cause
these infections live in your large intestine and are found in your stool. If
these germs get inside your urethra, they can travel up into your bladder and
kidneys and cause an infection.
Women tend to get more bladder
infections than men. This is probably because women have shorter urethras, so
it is easier for the germs to move up to their bladders. Having sex can make it
easier for germs to get into your urethra.
You may be more likely
to get an infection if you do not drink enough fluids, you have diabetes, or
you are pregnant. The chance that you will get a bladder infection is higher if
you have any problem that blocks the flow of urine from your bladder. Examples
include having kidney stones or an enlarged prostate gland.
reasons that are not well understood, some women get bladder infections again
You may have an infection
if you have any of these symptoms:
Call your doctor right away if you think you have an
doctor will ask for a sample of your urine. It is tested to see if it has germs
that cause bladder infections.
If you have infections often, you
may need extra testing to find out why.
prescribed by your doctor will usually cure a bladder infection. It may help to
drink lots of water and other fluids and to urinate often, emptying your
bladder each time.
If your doctor prescribes antibiotics, take
the pills exactly as you are told. Do not stop taking them just because you
feel better. You need to finish taking them all so that you do not get sick
help prevent these infections.
Learning about urinary tract infections:
Living with infections that keep coming back:
Bacteria that enter the
urethra and travel up the
urinary tract are the usual cause of
urinary tract infections (UTIs). Bacteria that
normally live in the
large intestine and are present in feces (stool) are
the most common source of infection. Sexual intercourse may move bacteria
into the urinary tract, especially in women.
Catheters, which are small, flexible tubes inserted
into the bladder to allow urine to drain, are a common source of bacterial
infection in people who are in hospitals or who live in long-term care
Sometimes bacteria traveling through the blood or
lymph system cause kidney or bladder
enlarged prostate in men, and structural problems in
the urinary tract can contribute to UTIs by limiting the body's ability to
eliminate urine completely.
Symptoms of a
urinary tract infection (UTI) may include:
Some people have bacteria in their urinary tract without
having any symptoms. This is called
asymptomatic bacteriuria. These types of infections
often affect pregnant women, older adults, and people who need a
catheter to urinate. Pregnant women are screened for
asymptomatic bacteriuria and treated with antibiotics, because it can cause
preterm labor and other problems if not treated.
Asymptomatic bacteriuria may lead to infections that cause symptoms, but in
many cases it does not. It usually goes away without treatment.
other conditions, such as vaginal infections or irritable bladder, cause
symptoms similar to those of a UTI. Your doctor may evaluate your health for
one or more of these if you have urinary symptoms, depending on your medical
history and how well you respond to treatment for a UTI.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) typically occur when bacteria from the rectal area
enter through the
travel up the
urinary tract to the bladder or kidneys.
Typically, UTIs cause urinary symptoms, such as pain or burning during
urination. Some mild bladder infections may go away on their own within a
couple of days. Most UTIs clear up quickly with antibiotics and home treatment,
which includes drinking plenty of water and urinating frequently. The amount of
time required to cure the infection and the need for urine tests will vary with
the location (bladder or kidneys), frequency, and seriousness of the infection.
Kidney infections and UTIs that are
complicated by other factors require longer
Complications of UTIs are not common but do occur.
Serious complications can include permanent kidney damage and widespread
infection (sepsis), which can be life-threatening. The risk is
greater if the infection is not treated or if the infection does not respond to
Some people have many UTIs. They are often new infections (recurrent UTIs), but they can also be the same infection coming back (a relapse). A rapid relapse
usually means that treatment failed or there is another problem affecting the
urinary tract (not just the infection). But recurrent
UTIs in women usually aren't serious.
UTIs are most common in
young to middle-aged women. They occur more often in women than in men
Some women have an ongoing problem with UTIs. If a woman has more
than two bladder infections in 6 months or more than three infections in a
year, she is said to have recurrent UTIs. Recurrent UTIs usually get better
with extended antibiotic treatment. But infection may recur as soon as the
woman stops taking antibiotics. For this reason, doctors usually recommend preventive antibiotics.
Most urinary tract infections in men are caused by bacteria, not by another problem.
But UTIs in older men are more often related to
prostate problems. This can make them more difficult
to treat. Having an
enlarged prostate, which is common in older men, can
limit the body's ability to pass urine. Repeated UTIs may indicate
epididymitis, or another urinary tract problem.
more information, see:
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are most common in young to middle-aged sexually
women. Things that increase a woman's risk of getting
Things that increase a man's
risk of UTIs include:
factors apply to both women and men. These include:
Call your doctor immediately if painful urination or other symptoms of a
urinary tract infection (UTI) occur with:
Call your doctor immediately if you are pregnant and have symptoms of a UTI (listed above).
Call a doctor if you:
Watchful waiting is a wait-and-see approach. If
you get better on your own, you won't need treatment. If you get worse, you and
your doctor will decide what to do next.
In adults, home
treatment for minor urinary tract infections (UTIs) often resolves the problem.
Home treatment includes drinking plenty of water and urinating often, emptying
the bladder each time.
Watchful waiting is not appropriate if you:
The following health professionals can treat urinary tract
To prepare for your appointment, see the topic Making the Most of Your Appointment.
If you have symptoms of a
urinary tract infection (UTI), your first evaluation
by a doctor will likely include:
Your doctor may order a
urine culture to confirm the diagnosis of a suspected
UTI. But if your symptoms, medical history, and urinalysis make the presence of
an uncomplicated urinary tract infection likely, your
doctor may have you begin treatment with antibiotics without waiting for the
results of a urine culture.
A doctor may order a urine
If you are pregnant, your doctor may order a urine
If the infection does
not respond to treatment with antibiotics or recurs rapidly, if the infection
complicated by other factors, or, in some cases, if
the kidneys are infected, your doctor may order other tests to:
If you get UTIs often, your doctor may write you a
standing prescription for antibiotics that you can fill without a doctor's
appointment. Then when you first have symptoms of a UTI, you can start taking
medicine right away. You may want to use a
home test for UTI to make sure you have an infection
before you start antibiotics.
Antibiotics can treat most
urinary tract infections (UTIs) successfully. The
goals of treatment for UTIs are to relieve symptoms, eliminate the infection
and prevent recurrence, and prevent unlikely but serious complications such as
kidney damage and
sepsis. In pregnant women, treatment protects the
woman and the fetus. The number of days your doctor will have you take
antibiotics depends on your infection and the type of antibiotic
uncomplicated bladder infections is usually a
antibiotics and home treatment. Home treatment
includes drinking a lot of water and fluids and urinating frequently, emptying
your bladder each time. More testing is not needed if your symptoms
Oral antibiotics usually can treat kidney infections
(pyelonephritis). But you may need a brief hospital
stay and a short course of
intravenous (IV) antibiotics if you are too ill or
nauseated to take medicine by mouth (oral medicine). Kidney infections tend to
make people more severely ill than bladder infections.
need more tests before and after treatment if you:
If you have a severe kidney infection, or if a bladder or
kidney infection is
complicated by other factors, you may need hospital
urinary tract infection (UTI) does not improve after
antibiotics, you will need further evaluation and
additional antibiotic treatment.
If the infection spreads and
affects your kidney function or causes widespread infection (sepsis), you will need hospital care. These
complications are not common. And they rarely occur in people who are otherwise
healthy. People are at higher risk if they have an
impaired immune system,
diabetes, untreated urinary tract obstruction, and/or
other conditions that affect the kidneys or bladder.
infection, rather than a relapse of the same infection, usually is the cause of
a UTI that keeps coming back (recurs).
You can take steps to prevent new or
urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Keep the tip of your penis clean, especially if
you are uncircumcised. The foreskin can trap bacteria, which can then get into
the urinary tract and cause infection.
You may be able to cure an early
urinary tract infection (UTI) if you act promptly when
you have the first symptoms of a UTI, such as pain and burning with urination.
Try these home treatment steps that may stop an infection from getting worse:
To relieve pain, take a hot bath or lay a heating pad over
your genital area. Never go to sleep with a heating pad in place.
If you are a
woman who has frequent uncomplicated UTIs, your doctor may write a standing
antibiotics to take if you notice symptoms of a UTI.
If you and your doctor agree to follow this approach and you start to have symptoms
that you are certain are caused by a UTI, follow your doctor's instructions for
taking the medicine and for watching your symptoms. Be sure to tell your doctor
if your symptoms do not improve or if you start having UTIs more often than in
Oral antibiotics can treat most bladder
infections and uncomplicated kidney infections successfully. In many cases, if
the symptoms and
urinalysis suggest a
urinary tract infection (UTI), you will start taking
antibiotics without waiting for the results of a
The number of days your
doctor will have you take antibiotics depends on your infection and the type of
sometimes advise that women with repeat infections use
preventive antibiotic therapy. This may include taking
a small dose of antibiotics daily or on alternate days, taking antibiotics
after sexual intercourse (since sex often triggers UTIs in women with recurrent
infections), or taking antibiotics only when you develop symptoms. Talk with
your doctor about which treatment strategy is right for you.
Medicines used to treat UTIs include:
Medicines used to prevent recurrent UTIs include:
Be sure to tell your doctor if you are or think you may
be pregnant. Some of these medicines are not safe to use if you are
These medicines are often
prescribed in a less costly
generic form rather than under a brand name. A
pharmacist might also decide to give you a generic instead of a brand name
medicine unless the prescription says "no generic."
Take all of
the antibiotics your doctor has prescribed. Most people begin to feel better
soon after they begin the medicine. But if you stop taking the medicine as soon
as you feel better, the infection may return. And not taking the full course of
antibiotics encourages the development of bacteria that are
resistant to antibiotics. This not only makes
antibiotics less effective but also makes bacterial infections harder to
Many forms of bacteria have become resistant to common
antibiotics designed to destroy them. These are called antibiotic-resistant
bacteria. Antibiotic resistance among bacteria that cause UTIs has increased
steadily in recent decades. You and your doctor may have to try different
antibiotics, and different combinations of antibiotics, to find the right
medicine that will kill the bacteria that is causing your UTI. Before starting
you on a new antibiotic, your doctor may get a urine sample from you. Results
from tests on this sample will help guide the decision on which antibiotic you
UrologyHealth.org is a website written by urologists
for patients. Visitors can find specific topics by using the "search"
The website provides information about adult and
pediatric urologic topics, including kidney, bladder, and prostate conditions.
You can find a urologist, sign up for a free quarterly newsletter, or click on
the Urology A–Z page to find materials about urologic problems.
The Get Smart Web site at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides information for both consumers and health professionals on the appropriate use of antibiotics. The website explains the dangers of inappropriate use of antibiotics and gives tips on actions people can take to feel better if they have an infection that cannot be helped by antibiotics. Some materials are available in English and in Spanish.
This website is sponsored by the Nemours Foundation. It
has a wide range of information about children's health—from allergies and
diseases to normal growth and development (birth to adolescence). This website
offers separate areas for kids, teens, and parents, each providing
age-appropriate information that the child or parent can understand. You can
sign up to get weekly emails about your area of interest.
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and
Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) is part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. It
conducts and supports research on many of the most serious diseases affecting
public health, particularly the diseases of internal medicine. NIDDK sponsors
the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NKUDIC).
It has information about diseases of the kidneys and urologic system for people
with these diseases and their families, health professionals, and the
The National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information
Clearinghouse (NKUDIC) provides information about diseases of the
kidneys and urologic system to people with these problems and to
their families, to health professionals, and to the public. NKUDIC answers
inquiries; develops, reviews, and distributes publications; and works closely
with professional and patient groups and government agencies to
coordinate resources about kidney and urologic diseases.
NKUDIC, a federal agency, is a service of the National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). NIDDK is part
of the National Institutes of Health under the U.S. Department of Health and
The National Kidney Foundation works to prevent kidney
and urinary tract diseases and help people affected by these conditions. Its
website has a lot of information about adult and child conditions. The site
has interactive tools, donor information, recipes for kidney disease patients,
and message boards for many kidney topics. Free materials, such as brochures
and newsletters, are available.
Other Works Consulted
Lee BSB, et al. (2007). Methenamine hippurate for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4).
Neumann I, et al. (2008). Pyelonephritis (acute) in non-pregnant women, search date February 2007. Online version of BMJ Clinical Evidence: http://www.clinicalevidence.com.
Perrotta C, et al. (2008). Oestrogens for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2).
May 16, 2011
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine
& Avery L. Seifert, MD - Urology
How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2013 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.
We are happy to take your appointment request over the phone, or, you may fill out an online request form.
Disclaimer: The information on this website is for general informational purposes only and SHOULD NOT be relied upon as a substitute for sound professional medical advice, evaluation or care from your physician or other qualified health care provider.
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February 23, 98
Vol. 13 , No. 08
Mexico After the National Elections of '97: Neither Heaven nor Hell
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1998
In the presidential elections of 1988, Mexican voters, probably the majority, gave notice that they would no longer accept the power and alleged abuses of the long-dominant political party, PRI, by voting against it. The PRI candidate, Carlos Salinas, was declared victor, but charges of fraud in the tabulating of votes were strong and widely based. Shocking events in 1994-a rebellion in Chiapas, the assassination of the PRI presidential candidate, the beginning of another financial crisis (several had occurred in the 70s and 80s)-set the scene for renewed demands for democratic elections and elimination of alleged abuses by PRI.
Elections in 1997 saw large numbers of PRI congressional candidates defeated and a member of a new party, Cuauhtemoc Cardenas of PRD (the Democratic Revolutionary Party), was elected as mayor of the Federal District (Mexico City). Many analysts think that from his highly important office, Cardenas will be launched into the presidency in the year 2000.
Dr. Dresser's talk will analyze the 1997 elections as a starting point for examining the main trends shaping Mexican politics and society today, including the demise of PRI, the renaissance of the Mexican left, the new role of the media, the empowerment of Congress, and the Chiapas crisis.
Denise Dresser is a professor of political science at the Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico (ITAM) and has also taught at Georgetown University. She received her Ph.D. from Princeton University. Dr. Dresser has been a visiting research fellow at the center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego; and a senior visiting fellow at the Inter-American dialogue in Washington, D.C.
Dresser is the author of Neopopulist Solutions to Neoliberal Problems: Mexico 's National Solidarity Problem (1992) and of numerous articles on Mexican politics and U.S.-Mexico relations. She writes a political column for the Mexican newspaper Reforma and is the host of the political talk show Entre Versiones on Mexican television. She is also a regular contributor to the editorial page of the Los Angeles Times and The Globe and Mail.
Please join the Athenaeum and the Keck Center for International and Strategic Studies for this lecture on vital events in Mexico.
Extraterrestrial Environments: Pluto Explorer Project
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1998
In 1991, as one of a series of U.S. postage stamps commemorating planetary exploration, the stamp for Pluto carried the legend "Not yet explored." Robert L. Staehle, a JPL aeronautical engineer, quickly convinced NASA administrator Daniel Goldin that the stamp provided a perfect challenge to implement Goldin's "cheaper, faster, better" agenda for future NASA missions and promptly became manager of the Pluto Fast Flyby (now Pluto-Kuiper Express) preproject.
In the ensuing years Staehle has also become manager of the Europa Orbiter and Solar Probe preprojects, and the three are officially know as "Ice and Fire." They constitute a multimission approach to explore the hottest, coldest, and hardest-to- reach regions of our solar system. Pluto-Kuiper Express will complete the reconnaissance of the known planets in our solar system, with a possible extension to the newly-discovered Kuiper Disk. Solar Probe will penetrate deeply our nearest star's atmosphere to measure the birth of solar wind and image solar phenomena.
Europa, fourth largest satellite of Jupiter, has gained the rank of one of the highest priority targets for a outer solar system exploration mission. If liquid water were to exist on Europa, it would not be unreasonable to speculate on the existence of life there, perhaps occurring near undersea volcanic vents just as life on earth has been discovered at great ocean depths, beyond the penetration of sunlight, thriving on upwelling chemical nutrients from the interior of the planet. The Europa Orbiter will look for a global subsurface liquid water ocean. If the ocean exists, science measurements will identify locations where the ocean may be accessible to future missions to search for evidence of life.
Staehle's lecture, enhanced by slides, will describe the missions and the extreme environmental conditions encountered en route and at the destinations. This is the second lecture on extraterrestrial environments sponsored by the Roberts Environmental Center.
Dying To Be Thin
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1998
Carolyn Costin has developed an effective program for treating eating disorders, the complexity and intensity of which highlights the tremendous grip of anorexia and bulimia upon its victims. Her center, named Monte Nido (mountain nest), is located in the foothills of Malibu, California, abutting a state park and the Pacific Ocean. Her staff, recovered anorexics and bulimics; as Costin is, treats only a select group of six patients at a time, monitoring at all times their behavior. The staff assigns eating buddies to ensure proper eating habits and schedules frequent group sessions to encourage patients to discuss their feelings as they work to regain a healthy self-identity.
Costin has been a specialist in the field of eating disorders since 1979. In addition to operating her intensive retreat in Malibu, Costin operates the Eating Disorder Center of California.
Aside from treating patients, Costin speaks on the topic of eating disorders throughout the United States and appears on radio and television. Her most recent books are The Eating Disorder Source Book: A Comprehensive Guide to the Causes, Treatments, and Prevention of Eating Disorders (1996), and Your Dieting Daughter... Is She Starving for Attention? (1996), both of which are currently available in bookstores. Costin is coauthor of Anorexia and Bulimia: A Nutritional Approach to the Deadly Eating Disorder (1997), a small monograph on nutritional aspects of treatment, and author of the body-image chapter in Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders (1996) edited by Mark Schwartz and Leigh Cohn.
Costin will be discussing the extent of these diseases in the student population of America's colleges and universities, the keys to recognizing these diseases, and her work in educating those who are at risk, and treating those who struggle with anorexia and bulimia. This lecture is sponsored in conjunction with the Monsour Counseling Center of The Claremont Colleges.
The Challenge of Leadership in the Public Sector
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1998
With a reputation for candor and independence, Gloria Molina is best known for her strong, issue-oriented style and her commitment to community empowerment. Noted for her tenacious, effective leadership in the fight against siting a prison in East Los Angeles, Molina has a legislative history of standing up for the average citizen against insurmountable odds. She has been listed in several magazines, including Time and Working Woman, as a "rising star" and "someone to watch."
Molina was first elected to office in 1982 as State Assemblywoman for the 56th District, where she introduced bills aimed at protecting consumers from unfair bank charges, insurance redlining, and utility company rip-offs, as well as legislation that protected tuition-free community colleges and the safety of children. In 1987 she was elected to the Los Angeles City Council where she served as the Councilwoman for the First District until 1991. On the Council she initiated new forms of city development, new laws to protect citizens from toxins, an after-school child care program, and a sewer lifeline rate for senior citizens. In February 1991 she was elected to the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, representing the First Supervisorial District. Since that election, Molina has earned a reputation as a "watchdog" for taxpayer dollars. She is the first Latina to be elected to the California State Legislature, the Los Angeles City Council, and the Los Angeles Board of Supervisors.
Ms. Molina has also been a leader in the areas of crimefighting and public safety. She has, among many other initiatives, organized over 40 neighborhood watch organizations in the District and instituted a tough, nationally- recognized curfew enforcement program. She serves as a vice chair of the Democratic National Committee and has received an appointment by President Clinton to the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Affairs and an appointment by the United States Trade Representative to the Intergovernmental Policy Advisory Committee.
Repression and Resistance in Latin America
MONDAY, MARCH 2, 1998
Pablo Pozzi is truly a world scholar. Having studied and taught in the United States, Mexico, Spain, and Argentina (which he calls home), Pozzi brings a unique perspective to the history and challenges of the Americas. Pozzi received a B.A. from Wesleyan University and a Ph.D. in history from the State University of New York at Stony Brook.
Much of his scholarship has focused on guerrilla and labor resistance movements. In his Athenaeum talk he will discuss the use of repression, common to Latin American governments in the past several decades, and the many forms of social, physical, and political resistance. He will address the question of what the resistance movements have accomplished. He will also talk about the current political situation and explore the prospects for a democratic future.
Pozzi teaches at the University of Buenos Aires and serves as Assistant Dean for Academic Affairs at the University of Palermo. He also coordinates the academic component of American University's Buenos Aires Semester Program. He has authored several books, including Crisis y Recomposicion de la Clase Obrera Argentina (1982-1993) [Crisis and Recomposition of the Argentine Working Class (1982-1993) (1994)], La Oposicion Obrera a la Dictadura (1976-1982) [Labor Opposition to Dictatorship (1976-1982) (1988)], and Social Conflict and Crisis in the United States (1945-1993) (1994).
Conversation with the Writer and Director of Bronte: Bringing the Classics to Life in Film
TUESDAY, MARCH 3, 1998
William Luce is probably best known for his plays and especially for the one-man/woman shows that he writes. The most famous of these, The Belle of Amherst (1976), about Emily Dickinson, has won many awards including a Tony for Best Actress to Julie Harris. He recently collaborated with director Delbert Mann to produce Bronte (1989), a one-woman show about the novelist Charlotte Bronte. The show exemplifies some of the recurring problems in filmmaking including adapting stage productions to film. This traditional problem becomes further complicated when the stage show only includes one character. Mann had previously directed a production of Jane Eyre (1970) for television.
Delbert Mann's many film awards include an Academy Award for the direction of Marty (1954) (which also received an Academy Award for Best Picture) and three Emmy nominations for Our Town (1955), Breaking Up (1977), and All Quiet on the Western Front (1979). His All Quiet on the Western Front won a Golden Globe for the Best Film for Television. Additionally, he has won five Directors Guild nominations and has directed more than 100 live television shows. Both David Niven and Wendy Hiller won Academy Awards for his film Separate Tables (1958). His television specials include Jane Eyre (1970), All Quiet on the Western Front (1979), All the Way Home (1981), Bronte (1989), and The Last Days of Patton (1986), the latter two with William Luce.
William Luce's new Broadway hit Barrymore (1997) stars Christopher Plummer as the legendary John Barrymore. Plummer won the 1997 Tony Award for Best Actor in the role. Luce's first Broadway and London hit was The Belle of Amherst. Luce's Broadway play Lucifer's Child (1993) reunited him with Harris in a drama about Isak Dinesen. Harris received a Tony nomination as Best Actress for this performance. Luce was a Writers Guild Award nominee for two CBS movies: The Last Days of Patton (1986), starring George C. Scott and Eva Marie Saint, directed by Delbert Mann; and the Emmy-nominated The Woman He Loved (1988). Luce's new play Nijinsky, directed by John Tillinger, will premier at Parco in 1998.
CMC literature professor Michael Riley, author of Conversations with Ann Rice (1996), will moderate the discussion. There will be a screening of Bronte on Monday, March 2 at 7:00 p.m. in Mary Pickford Auditorium to which everyone is cordially invited.
Recovered Memory: The Freud Connection
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4, 1998
In 1993 Frederick Crews wrote an acid review of some recent books on Sigmund Freud that set off a furious national debate on the value of Freud's work and led to Time magazine's cover asking "Is Freud Dead?" "The Unknown Freud" drew attention not only to what Crews sees as Freud's intellectual bankruptcy but to his personal dishonesty, as well. Readers of The New York Review of Books, where it was published, were enthralled for months by the seemingly endless string of angry and argumentative replies by Freud's defenders, all met with cool agility by Crews. Not long afterward Crews repeated the performance with an attack on the recovered memory movement, and the two essays, along with the many responses they generated, were published together as The Memory Wars: Freud's Legacy in Dispute (1995).
For four decades Frederick Crews has been one of the most prominent critics on the American literary scene. He is the author of eleven books, has edited six collections of essays, and his reviews have appeared in virtually every major literary journal. His bestselling book The Pooh Perplex: A Freshman Casebook (1965) is still the reigning satire of academic literary criticism. An intense engagement with Freud has been the central motif of his career and he remains the most trenchant and visible opponent of the views about memory and the human mind that were presented to us by Freud.
Frederick Crews is Emeritus Professor of English at the University of California, Berkeley.
Corporate Environmental Ethics
THURSDAY, MARCH 5, 1998
As a self-described knee-jerk liberal, Gerald Secundy has spent the majority of his career working for one of the world's largest oil companies. While many would suppose that a liberal environmentalist would be uncomfortable with such employment, Secundy saw his move from an environmental lawyer for the Justice Department to an environmental lawyer for the Atlantic Richfield Company as a great opportunity. He saw this move as a chance to work from the inside, to bring change to a corporation and industry that had just begun to confront the environmental movement.
Over his years at Los Angeles-based ARCO, Secundy served in a number of positions. He has been Manager of Investor Relations, Manager of Long Range Planning, and Assistant Treasurer of Atlantic Richfield Company. In 1994 he was appointed Vice President, External Affairs and Environmental Health & Safety for ARCO Products Company. At the end of this past year, Secundy retired from ARCO.
After his graduation from Phillips Academy (Andover), Harvard College, and Columbia Law School, Secundy began a lifelong commitment to giving back to society, starting with service in the Peace Corps as director of a youth center in Cusco, Peru. During his career at ARCO Secundy actively sought to promote dialogue between environmentalists and corporations, including membership on the board of directors for the California Council for the Environmental & Economic Balance (CCEEB).
Gerald Secundy is the second speaker in the Athenaeum series Corporate Environmental Leadership sponsored by the Roberts Environmental Center.
ATHENAEUM FELLOW APPLICATIONS
Application forms for the position of Athenaeum Fellow for the 1998-99 academic year will be available in the Athenaeum office on Monday, March 9. Completed applications must be returned by Friday, March 27 at 5:00 p.m.
Students desiring to be considered for the following year (1999-00) but who will be away from campus during the next year's selection process may submit their application now in order to be considered for the future position.
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Queen Elizabeth: "Good Queen Bess": paragon of virtue and enlightened religious toleration. Catholics were not the only beneficiaries of her magnanimity. In 1596 and 1601 she decreed that all black people should be be deported to Spain and Portugal, in exchange for English prisoners of war.
[slightly abridged version of Part I of the article, "Penal Laws," in The Catholic Encyclopedia; original written by Edwin Burton, E. A. D'Alton & Jarvis Kelley, 1911]
Catholics lost not only freedom of worship, but civil rights as well; their estates, property, and sometimes even lives were at the mercy of any informer. The fact that these laws were passed as political occasion demanded deprived them of any coherence or consistency; nor was any codification ever attempted, so that the task of summing up this long and complicated course of legislation is a difficult one.
Relief Act of 1791, and the first to be appointed King's Counsel after the Catholic Emancipation Act, thought it best to group these The eminent lawyer, Charles Butler, the first Catholic to be called to the Bar after the Catholic Emancipation Act, thought it best to group these laws under five heads:
those which subjected Catholics to penalties and punishments for practising their religious worship;To the first period belong the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity (I Eliz. 1 and 2) and the amending statute (5 Eliz. c. 1). By the Act of Supremacy all who maintained the spiritual or ecclesiastical authority of any foreign prelate were to forfeit all goods and chattels, both real and personal, and all benefices for the first offence, or in case the value of these was below 20 pounds, to be imprisoned for one year; they were liable to the forfeitures of Praemunire for the second offence and to the penalties of high treason for the third offence. These penalties of Praemunire were: exclusion from the sovereign's protection, forfeiture of all lands and goods, arrest to answer to the Sovereign and Council. The penalties assigned for high treason were:
those which punished them for not conforming to the Established Church (Statutes of Recusancy).
those regulating the penalties or disabilities attending the refusal to take the Oath of Supremacy (1559; 1605; 1689), the declarations against Transubstantiation (Test Act, 1673) and against Popery (1678);
the act passed with respect to receiving the sacrament of the Lord's Supper;
statutes affecting landed property.
drawing, hanging and quartering;These first statutes were made stricter by the amending act (5 Eliz. c.1) which declared that to maintain the authority of the pope in any way was punish able by penalties of Praemunire for the first offence and of high treason, though without corruption of blood, for the second. All who refused the Oath of Supremacy were subjected to the like penalties. The Act of Uniformity, primarily designed to secure outward conformity in the use of the Anglican Book of Common Prayer, was in effect a penal statute, as it punished all clerics who used any other service by deprivation and imprisonment, and everyone who refused to attend the Anglican service by a fine of twelve pence for each omission. It should be remembered that the amount must be greatly multiplied to give their modern equivalent.
corruption of blood, by which heirs became incapable of inheriting honours and offices; and, lastly
forfeiture of all property.
There are two Acts directed against the Bull of Excommunication.:
13 Eliz. c.1, which, among other enactments, made it high treason to affirm that the queen ought not to enjoy the Crown, or to declare her to be a heretic or schismatic, andThe penalties of Praemunire were enacted against all who brought into England or who gave to others Agnus Dei or articles blessed by the pope or by any one through faculties from him. A third act, 13 Eliz. c. 3, which was designed to stop Catholics from taking refuge abroad, declared that any subject departing the realm without the queen's licence, and not returning within six months, should forfeit the profits of his lands during life and all his goods and chattels. The third and most severe group of statutes begins with the "Act to retain the Queen's Majesty's subjects in their obedience" (23 Eliz. c. 1), passed in 1581. This made it high treason to reconcile anyone or to be reconciled to "the Romish religion", prohibited Mass under penalty of a fine of two hundred marks and imprisonment for one year for the celebrant, and a fine of one hundred marks and the same imprisonment for those who heard the Mass. This act also increased the penalty for not attending the Anglican service to the sum of twenty pounds a month, or imprisonment till the fine be paid, or till the offender went to the Protestant Church. A further penalty of ten pounds a month was inflicted on anyone keeping a schoolmaster who did not attend the Protestant service. The schoolmaster himself was to be imprisoned for one year.
13 Eliz. c. 2, which made it high treason to put into effect any papal Bull of absolution, to absolve or reconcile any person to the Catholic Church, or to be so absolved or reconciled, or to procure or publish any papal Bull or writing whatsoever.
The climax of Elizabeth's persecution was reached in 1585 by the "Act against Jesuits, Seminary priests and other such like disobedient persons" (27 Eliz. c. 2). This statute, under which most of the English martyrs suffered, made it high treason for any Jesuit or any seminary priest to be in England at all, and felony for any one to harbour or relieve them.So far as priests were concerned, the effect of all this legislation may be summed up as follows: For any priest ordained before the accession of Elizabeth it was high treason after 1563 to maintain the authority of the pope for the second time, or to refuse the oath of supremacy for the second time; after 1571, to receive or use any Bull or form of reconciliation; after 1581, to absolve or reconcile anyone to the Church or to be absolved or reconciled. For seminary priests it was high treason to be in England at all after 1585. Under this statute, over 150 Catholics died on the scaffold between 1581 and 1603, exclusive of Elizabeth's earlier victims.
The last of Elizabeth's laws was the "Act for the better discovery of wicked and seditious persons terming themselves Catholics, but being rebellious and traitorous subjects" (35 Eliz. c. 2). Its effect was to prohibit all recusants from removing more than five miles from their place of abode, and to order all persons suspected of being Jesuits or seminary priests, and not answering satisfactorily, to be imprisoned till they did so. The hopes of the Catholics on the accession of James I were soon dispelled, and during his reign (1603-25) five very oppressive measures were added to the statute-book. In the first year of his reign there was passed the "Act for the due execution of the statute against Jesuits, seminary priests, etc." (I Jac. 1, iv) by which all Elizabeth's statutes were confirmed with additional aggravations.
The carefully arranged "discovery" of the Gunpowder Plot in 1605 was followed by two statutes of particularly savage character. These were "An Act for the better discovering and repressing of Popish Recusants" (3 Jac. I, iv) and "An Act to prevent and avoid dangers which may grow by Popish Recusants" (3. Jac. 1, v). The first of these two wicked laws enacted that all convicted recusants should communicate once a year in the Anglican church under penalties of 20 pounds for the first omission, 40 pounds for the second, and 60 pounds for the third. Moreover the king was to be allowed to refuse the penalty of 20 pounds per month for non-attendance at the Anglican church, and to take in its place all the personal property and two-thirds of the real property of the offender. But the main point of this Act was the new Oath of Allegiance which it prescribed, and which was subsequently condemned by the Holy See. Yet all who refused it were to be subjected to the penalties of Praemunire, except married women, who were to be imprisoned in the common jail. Finally, every householder of whatever religion was liable to a fine of 10 pounds a month for each guest or servant who failed to attend the Anglican church.
The second Act was even worse, and prohibited recusants from remaining within ten miles of the city of London, a provision which it was impossible to carry out; or to remove more than five miles from their place of residence till they had obtained licence from four magistrates and the bishop of the diocese or lieutenant of the county. They were disabled from practising as lawyers, physicians, apothecaries; from holding office in any court or corporation; from holding commissions in the army or navy, or any office of emolument under the State; from discharging the duties of executors, administrators, or guardians. Any married woman who had not received the sacrament in the Anglican church for a year before her husband's death forfeited two-thirds of her dower, two-thirds of her jointure, and was debarred from acting as executrix to her husband or claiming any part of his goods. Husbands and wives, ifmarried otherwise than by a Protestant minister in a Protestant church, were each deprived of all interest in the lands or property of the other. They were fined 100 pounds for omitting to have each of their children baptised by the Protestant minister within a month of birth. All Catholics going or being sent beyond the seas without a special licence from the king or Privy Council were incapable of benefitting by gift, descent, or devise, till they returned and took the oath of allegiance; and in the meantime the property was to be held by the nearest Protestant heir. And, lastly, every convicted reousant was excommunicated from the Established Church, with the result that they were debarred from maintaining or defending any personal action or suit in the civil courts. Their houses were liable to be searched at any time, their arms and ammunition to be seized, and any books or furniture which were deemed superstitious to be destroyed.
After the Restoration in 1660, an attempt was made by Charles II, not unmindful of the sacrifices Catholics had made in the Stuart cause, to obtain a repeal of the Penal Laws, and a committee of the House of Lords was appointed to examine and report on the question. The matter, however, was allowed to drop; and in the following year both Houses of Parliament joined in petitioning the King to issue a proclamation against the Catholics. Further efforts on the part of the king came to nothing, and matters remained on the same footing till the latter part of his reign, when new statutes of a harassing nature were passed. With the exception of the Corporation Act (13 Car. II, St. 2, c. 1) which was not aimed against Catholics directly, but which provided that no person could hold any municipal office without taking the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy and receiving the sacrament in the Protestant church, no new measures were introduced till 1673, when Parliament passed the Test Act (25 Car. II, ii). This required all officers, civil and military, to take the same Oaths and to make the Declaration against Transubstantiation. Five years later another Act was passed (30 Car. II, St. 2), which excluded all Catholics from sitting or voting in Parliament, by requiring every member of either House to take the two oaths and to make the blasphemous Declaration against Popery. From this statute, which was entitled "An Act for the more effectual preserving the King's person and government, by disabling Papists from sitting in either House of Parliament", a special exception was made in favour of the Duke ofYork, afterwards James II.
With the Revolution of 1688 began a new era of persecution. The "Act for further preventing the growth of Popery" (11 & 12 Gul. III, 4), passed in 1699, introduced a fresh hardship into the lives of the clergy by offering a reward of 100 pounds for the apprehension of any priest, with the result that Catholics were placed at the mercy of common informers who harassed them for the sake of gain, even when the Government would have left them in peace. It was further enacted that any bishop or priest exercising episcopal or sacerdotal functions, or any Catholic keeping a school, should be imprisoned for life; that any Catholic over eighteen not taking the Oaths of Supremacy and Allegiance, or making the Declaration against Popery, should be incapable of inheriting or purchasing any lands; and any lands devised to a Catholic who refused to take the oaths should pass to the next of kin who happened to be a Protestant. A reward of 100 pounds was also offered for the conviction of any Catholic sending children to be educated abroad. The cruel operation of this Act, which made itself felt throughout the ensuing century, was extended by a measure passed under Queen Anne (12 Anne, St. 2, c. 14), though Catholics were not generally molested during her reign.
Throughout the reign of George II (1727-60) there were no further additions to the penal code and under his successor, George III, (1760-1820), the work of repeal was begun. Even this lengthy enumeration is not absolutely exhaustive, and the Acts here cited contain many minor enactments of a vexatious nature. The task of repeal was a long, slow, gradual, and complicated one, the chief measures of relief being three: The First Catholic Relief Act of 1778, which enabled Catholics to inherit and purchase land and repealed the Act of William III, rewarding the conviction of priests; the second Relief Act of 1791, which relieved all Catholics who took the oath therein prescribed from the operation of the Penal Code; and the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829.
"Popish Plot" (Wikipedia)
"Priest Hole" (Wikipedia)
"Black Legend" (Wikipedia)
"Historical Revision of the Inquisition" (Wikipedia)
Thames Valley Papists: From Reformation to Emancipation: 1534-1829, book by Tony Hadland
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The European Commission has slapped Microsoft with a 497.2 million euro fine for abusing its operating system monopoly. In a statement, it said Microsoft has acted "as a brake on innovation" and harmed both the market and consumers by producing "less choice and higher prices".
The fine fits with earlier predictions
. The EC also insisted that within 90 days, the software giant produce a version of Windows without its media player already built in, and that within 120 days it provide its competitors with documentation on how Windows works so others can make software compatible with the ubiquitous operating system.
It has not ordered the source code be opened up however, saying that it "is not necessary to achieve the development of interoperable products".
According to the statement, just released and available here
: "The European Commission has concluded, after a five-year investigation, that Microsoft Corporation broke European Union competition law by leveraging its near monopoly in the market for PC operating systems onto the markets for work group server operating systems and for media players."
It says this behaviour is still ongoing, and competition commissioner Mario Monti states quite clearly what he thinks of Microsoft's behaviour. "Dominant companies have a special responsibility to ensure that the way they do business doesn't prevent competition on the merits and does not harm consumers and innovation," he said, adding, "Today's decision restores the conditions for fair competition in the markets concerned and establish clear principles for the future conduct of a company with such a strong dominant position."
The whole, massive case is then laid out in simple terms: "Microsoft abused its market power by deliberately restricting interoperability between Windows PCs and non-Microsoft work group servers, and by tying its Windows Media Player (WMP), a product where it faced competition, with its ubiquitous Windows operating system.
"This illegal conduct has enabled Microsoft to acquire a dominant position in the market for work group server operating systems, which are at the heart of corporate IT networks, and risks eliminating competition altogether in that market. In addition, Microsoft's conduct has significantly weakened competition on the media player market.
"The ongoing abuses act as a brake on innovation and harm the competitive process and consumers, who ultimately end up with less choice and facing higher prices."
You can't get much clearer than that, and the EC has said it will appoint a Monitoring Trustee to make sure that Microsoft keeps its side of the bargain including that "the two versions of Windows are equivalent in terms of performance".
Speaking after the statement was released, Monti said the fine was less important than the remedies and legal precedent set, and represented eight percent of Microsoft's EMEA turnover. The EC is allowed to fine a company up to 10 percent of its turnover.
The statement also mentions that "Commission decisions can be appealed to the European Court of First Instance in Luxembourg", and you can bet that that is exactly what Microsoft will do. However, Monti told reporters that he is confident the ruling will stand up to any appeal Microsoft might lodge.
Microsoft responded sulkily
just an hour after the announcement, claiming that the deal it had suggested - where another three media players would have been bundled with Windows - was better for European consumers.
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You know what’s odd? According to Digiday, “there’s a tendency in tech, especially in Silicon Valley, to view advertising remotely, even look down on it.” Yet, every day there’s a new tech startup sprouting up in a loft near you with the intention of getting rich from advertising.
“I frequently meet startups which believe that advertising dollars will make them rich,” said Rob Norman, of GroupM at Advertising Week recently. “Most don’t offer any real opportunity for improvement, at scale, for the owners of brands — just one, I’d say, out of 100 will make a significant impact in the advertising business.” Perhaps, because people from technology backgrounds speak a different language than does the ad pack.
“There is too much territorialism, which just slows everything down and often just leaves the consumer sidelined,” said Torrence Boone, Google’s GM for agency development and a former Digitas and WPP executive. “We need to be more real-time, scrappy, and comfortable with the messiness of innovation. The magic comes when we get everyone in a room, the egos get checked at the door and we roll up our sleeves to really try to solve a problem collectively.”
In other news, Forbes is running a cover story on Dropbox founder Drew Houston, 28, who came to California from MIT with “billionaires, bottles and babes” on his mind. Yes, geeks have base desires like everyone else.
Thankfully, solving real world problems was also on Houston’s mind, and his company’s ability to do so is making him a rich man with nary and ad in site. Dropbox perfected the freemium model, and with 50 million users and growing, the 4% who pay for additional could-based storage–Dropbox provides two Gigs of space for free–are generating $240 million a year in revenue.
Rather than advertise their new cloud storage solution, Dropbox turned their customers into salespeople, giving away 250 megabytes of free storage in exchange for a referral. One-quarter of all new customers still come to Dropbox this way. In fact, should you follow this link and sign up, I will get an extra .25 Gigs of space added to my free account.
Dropbox is currently valued at $4 billion by VCs with skin in the game. Houston’s 15% share is worth $600 million; hence, the cover of Forbes. And get this: even if Dropbox doesn’t sign up a single customer in 2012, their sales will double. The subscription model for the win.
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CC-MAIN-2013-20
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|
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The head of the Sierra Club of New Jersey Thursday described Gov. Christi's plan to take money from environmental protections efforts to cut into the state's $2.2 billion 2009-10 budget deficit as a snow job.
"This is an anti-environmental snow job by the Christie administration," Jeff Tittel said. "This is bad for the economy and bad for the environment. It will lead to the loss of green jobs and more pollution."
The reductions is environmental funding include:
- $158 million from the Clean Energy Fund, which Tittel said will affect up to 20,000 private sector jobs. "When matching funds and federal funding is taken into account, this means a $775 million cutback in public and private spending on renewable energy,'' he said.
- $128 million to the Retail Margin Fund. The Retail Margin Fund helps businesses to build cogeneration and combined heat and power sources, he said. It helps to build power plants, heat buildings, and produce electricity from natural gas.
- $38 million for NJ Transit subsidies. Tittel said this will lead to higher fares and cuts in services at a time when people are using public transportation more than ever before. "We'll still the subsidization of highways in the middle of nowhere as funding for mass transit goes down, leading to more traffic and air pollution,'' he said.
- $18 million from the Highlands. "This is the money from PSE&G to mitigate the dirty deal for dirty power - the Susquehanna Roseland Transmission line, which will cut through the Highlands,'' Tittel said. 'As we're cutting money for clean energy, we're going to spend $800 million on power lines to bring in dirty, coal fired electricity from Pennsylvania.''
- $18 million cut in clean energy funding to make government buildings cleaner. Tittel said this would have saved taxpayer money by reducing energy costs.
- $15 million from affordable housing.
- $9 million from the Department of Environmental Protection.
- $1.7 million for New Jersey's parks.
- $500,000 from the Pinelands Commission.
- Elimination of the Office of Public Advocate to save $600,000. Tittel described the agency as a watchdog for citizens that helps prevent governmental abuse.
— TOM HESTER SR., NEWJERSEYNEWSROOM.COM
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Believe it or not tattooing has been around for approximately 5,300 years! How do we know this? Well a naturally mummified body of a man dubbed “Ötzi the Iceman” was found September 1991 in the Ötztal Alps by Hauslabjoch pass. The mummy had 57 tattoos on his body that are believed to have been treatment for arthritis. Scientists dated Ötzi to be from approximately 3300 BC making Ötzi Europe’s oldest mummy and oldest known tattooed person.
Hauslabjoch is a pass that lies between the border of Austria and Italy.
Before Ötzi was found Russians found mummies that are believed to be over 2,400 years old. They where found on the Altai Mountains of Siberia, their tattoos depicted both real and fictional animals.
Now that we some what know how long the art of tattooing has been around let’s learn a little about the history of the tattoo in different parts of the world.
We’ll start off with Samoa, considering the actual word “tattoo” is thought to be derived from the Samoan word “tatau”. Samoans have been practicing tattooing for for over 2,000 years, the male tattoo is called pe’a and the female tattoo is called the malu. The tattoo artist or tufuga traditionally learnt his trade from his own father and usually spent hours tapping designs into sand and tree bark using a tool called au made from boars teeth, a tortoise shell, and a wooden handle.
The pain while receiving the tattoo was immense, but backing down from receiving the tattoo was frowned upon and anyone who did was labeled a coward. Any one who could not complete their tattoo were forced to wear the incomplete tattoo as a mark of shame.
Tattooing in Japan has been thought to have started at around 10,000 BCE, originally used for decorative and spiritual purposes. Starting in the early 1600s through the late 1800s tattooing was only practice by a certain group of people called ukiyo-e, examples of these people would be Firemen, Prostitutes, and manual workers. The tattoos they had where there to show the persons status.
Between this time the government started tattooing criminals one ring on the arm for each crime.
Eventually the Meji government stopped doing this, in fact they banned the art of tattooing all together saying it was barbaric and something that could not be respected.
This eventually led the way to the Japanese mafia “Yakuza” to be created and even now tattoos are worn by members of the Yakuza often covering a large portion of their backs.
In China tattooing is considered barbaric, and it was often used to mark slaves or prisoners. Han Chinese believe that the human body is a gift and damaging it with tattoos and piercings is offensive, therefore it is not accepted by the community.
Tattooing was practiced extensively in ancient Egypt and we have the mummies to prove it! They also used a form of temporary tattooing called Mehndi that uses the Henna plant to make ink. This is still very popular in Egypt and India.
Muslims believe the human body is a work of art already perfected by god, therefore they believe modifying it is wrong.
Tattooing may have started thousands of years ago, but it is still very much alive in modern society, and now that you know a little bit about it’s extensive history maybe you’ll appreciate the art of tattooing a little more.
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There was a time where the Olympic games were a must watch every evening for 2 week stretch during the summers, or winters. I couldn’t wait to watch our young Americans take there shot against the best in the world, even if some of these sports I did not understand, or know the rules. What is the modern pentathlon? Or biathlon? Do you know tug of war used to be an Olympic sport? Really? It was an exciting couple of weeks where you had a rooting interest even if did not know what was going on. It allowed you to forget about the reality of our word for a couple of weeks. I guess this all started to die with the events in 1972 at the Munich games.
We are a week out for the 2012 games in London and I just don’t see the buzz. What has changed? Why has it changed? Does it really matter? Let’s be honest, when the Olympic games are held in a time zone that is not conducive for the viewing times of Americans, it seems not to matter. Back in the 70’s and 80’s the network that would televise the games would save all of the popular events for primetime on tape and with no real-time reporting of the Internet, and other mobile devices, it played live. Remember, in 1980, the hockey game between the United States and Soviet Union was played at 5PM in the afternoon, and shown in prime time. Most people thought they were seeing it live. The only people that knew what happened were the 8000 in the arena. If this game had been played today, we would have known the outcome and probably seen the highlights. Getting closer to us, Michael Phelps will be swimming all of his events in the morning or afternoon. Being that he is one of the poster boys of the Olympic games this year, you know that NBC is going to hold that footage until their evening programming. I know most will still watch, but is it ‘must see’? It will be interesting to see if NBC shows any of their ’go to’ events, swimming, or gymnastics live on the alternate stations they have.
The David versus Goliath mentality of the games for the United States is no longer applicable. You always knew that most of the other countries paid their athletes, but our athletes were considered ‘true’ amateurs. Again, the ‘Miracle on Ice’ hockey team represented the real love of the Olympics. Not only were we barely 15 years from the ‘cold war’, but also we had a bunch of college kids, and Mike Eruzione against the Soviet Union team with all the professional players. It was a perfect storm, David versus Goliath, with social implications. The games will never be that way again as I guess the United States has to utilize professionals so that they can stick their chest out, but is that the point. The first ‘Dream team’ of 1992 was fun, and was a curiosity, but unless you are a hardened NBA junkie, are you going to watch many of the games?
What made the games special was the fact that you really did not know these people until the two weeks in the summer or winter. Most of the sports represented were not made for Wide World of Sports, so you never got to see the athletes until the games. Did you know ‘Sugar’ Ray Leonard before the 1976 Games in Montreal? Probably not, unless you were a huge boxing enthusiast; even then, maybe not. Athletes like Teofilo Stephenson, the Cuban boxer who won 3 Olympic gold medals and never turned professional, made the games special because the only time you would see him would be in that 2-week span. Could you imagine the media coverage if he were fighting today?
The uniqueness of the Olympics has been spoiled by the oversaturation of the athletes.
Whatever it is, are the games on your viewing docket from July 27-August 12, or is it the Orioles, reruns or nothing at all?
(By the way, the modern pentathlon includes pistol shooting, fencing, 200 meter freestyle swimming, show jumping, and a 3-mile cross-country run. I had to look this one up!)
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Narrated Abu Huraira:The Prophet said, "Let the slave of Dinar and Dirham of Quantify and Khamisa (i.e. money and luxurious clothes) perish for he is pleased if these things are given to him, and if not, he is displeased!"
Dirham, of Quantify and Khamisa perish as he is pleased if these things are given to him, and if not, he is displeased. Let such a person perish and relapse, and if he is pierced with a thorn, let him not find anyone to take it out for him. Paradise is for him who holds the reins of his horse to strive in Allah's Cause, with his hair unkempt and feet covered with dust: if he is appointed in the vanguard, he is perfectly satisfied with his post of guarding, and if he is appointed in the rearward, he accepts his post with satisfaction; (he is so simple and unambiguous that) if he asks for permission he is not permitted, and if he intercedes, his intercession is not accepted."
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<urn:uuid:f34b668e-0060-4f98-bc84-d3b587b6d465>
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CC-MAIN-2013-20
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http://sacred-texts.com/isl/bukhari/bh4/bh4_138.htm
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Colleges, universities, states, local education agencies, service providers and any other organization investigating whether to invest in EDI or in XML must find the answers and determine their approaches themselves. In making that determination, the analysis should consider the technical capacity of the internal and external organizations with which data will be exchanged or traded, "trading partners", and what they are able to support as ensuring consistent business operations must be a major factor in any determination. Service providers and vendors must analyze and understand what is best for their clients as factors vary depending on how, when, and with whom data is to be exchanged.
As there is no single answer that can apply to every organization, in determining how to proceed and/or manage both EDI and XML, organizations should consider the following five major factors:
Hundreds of colleges, universities and a number of vendors across the United States of America and Canada continue to use EDI on a daily basis. Many have made a long-term investment in EDI and use a free, internet service provided by the University of Texas at Austin to exchange transcripts, test scores and admission applications with one another.
Use of XML is on the rise across North America and around the world. According to an NCES Survey of States, about half of the states will have implemented PESC's High School XML Transcript by the end of 2012. XML is also used by a number of other data initiatives and bodies including the SIF Association, HR-XML and Medbiquitous, among others.
As adoption and implementation of data standards remains mostly voluntary and use of EDI and XML continues, organizations might find the need to support both EDI and XML. EDI will continue to be used for many years to come and new implementations continue as well. Implementation of XML across the education landscape is on the rise and is the sole format used in every college and university in the country for all student aid issued as federal loans and grants.
With the emergence of a 'big data' culture whereby data-driven decision-making is now the golden rule, to ensure efficiency of resource management and effectiveness of programs and services offered, all organizations should establish and support a Data Governance Committee. With limited budgets but growing demands, organizations must be smarter, more efficient and highly strategic about funding resources and efforts. An open, transparent and collaborative committee can also ensure that needs are broadened especially as the industry moves to a P20W (meaning lifelong learning from early childhood to labor and workforce).
In partnership with AACRAO's SPEEDE Committee and to ensure interoperability, crosswalks between EDI and XML are provided as PESC Approved Standards. Crosswalks will continue to be created on a regular basis to incorporate newly developed and updated PESC Approved XML Standards.
In every development initiative, there exists the challenge between building for the future and supporting what's needed today. Voluntary rules of support can be put into place by the communities and stakeholders involved. These rules usually involve or insinuate support for both the existing standard and the future standard.
For service providers and vendors launching new products and services, building two standards simultaneously may be a difficult pill to swallow or even impossible. In these instances, an organization's product development and prioritization process must be clean and efficient and must take into account when the product is to be launched and who would be most likely to use it. In depth customer surveys on development and industry readiness will provide a good snapshot of your target market and depending on the results, may give you your answer.
EDI v 4010--> XML
EDI to XML Transcript v 1.0.0
High School Transcripts
XML --> EDI v 4010
XML Transcript Request v 1.0.0 to EDI
EDI v 4010--> XML
EDI to XML Transcript Request v 1.0.0
XML --> EDI v 4010
XML Transcript Acknowledgement v 1.0.0 to EDI
EDI v 4010 --> XML
EDI to XML Transcript Acknowledgement v 1.0.0
To view the files simply click on the links above. To save to your computer, right-click and select "save target as" (in IE).
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Summary: On May 6, 1999, Zambia reported
an outbreak of foot and mouth disease (FMD) to the Office International des
Epizootics (OIE). This outbreak was first identified in April 1999.
Review of the current situation in Zambia reveals minimal risks to the US as
a result of the FMD outbreak. The number of travelers from Zambia to
the US is very small, and the only products of significance being imported
are an unknown and small quantity of unspecified live animals. In Zambia,
control measures are being used to limit the extent of this outbreak.
How extensive is the situation in the affected country
and what was the country's disease status prior to the outbreak?
An outbreak of foot and mouth disease (FMD) was reported by Zambia to OIE on May 6, 1999. The disease was initially detected on April 5, 1999, with an estimated date of first infection being March 22, 1999. There have been reports of disease in two areas of Zambia involving 24 bovine cases, and one death. FMD is considered to be endemic in cattle and small ruminants in Zambia. Samples were submitted to the Botswana Vaccine Institute for testing and were found to be positive for SAT2 type FMD virus. Zambia last reported an FMD outbreak to the OIE in July 1997. The disease is suspected to have originated from herds in a neighboring country and spread via movement of trade cattle. Control measures have included intensified surveillance and future plans to vaccinate susceptible animals.
Source: OIE disease information report.
What is the country's place in the international market for affected animals and animal products?
By world standards, Zambia is not a large producer of beef, veal, goat, mutton and lamb meat. During 1998, Zambia produced .08% of beef and veal meat produced worldwide, .02% of goat meat, .003 % of mutton and lamb, and .01% of pig meat produced worldwide. Zambia's live animal stocks of pigs, cattle, goats, and sheep represent less than .1% of world stocks of these animals.
Source: United Nations FAO
What is the country's production and trade in affected animals and animal products?
Zambia's relevant live animal stocks and meat production for 1998 are listed in the table below.
Live Animal Stocks and Meat Production in Zambia, 1998
|Pigs||285,000||Beef and Veal||41,075|
|Goats||600,000||Mutton and Lamb||238|
Zambia's agricultural exports consist mainly of maize and other crops. Zambia does not report any exports of the relevant livestock animals.
Source: United Nations FAO, USDA:Foreign Agricultural Service
What are the US imports of affected animals or animal products from the country?
According to the World Trade Atlas, the US has imported live animals from Zambia during 1997 and 1998. The only information available describes the animals as unspecified, not reported elsewhere, and valued at $80,000 in 1998 and $46,000 in 1997. Otherwise, no other animals or animal products of significance to these outbreaks were reported to have been imported to the US from Zambia.
Source: World Trade Atlas; January 1999
What is the level of passenger traffic arriving in the United States from the affected country?
The World Tourism Organisation reported 2190 tourists arriving in the US from Zambia in 1996. This is the only year for which visitor number information is available for Zambia during the years for which we have data (1992-1996).
The Agricultural Quarantine Inspection Monitoring Program conducted by USDA, APHIS, PPQ found none of the 8 sampled airline passengers arriving in the US from Zambia during the period from 10/1/97 through 9/30/98 were carrying animal products. None of the 8 sampled passengers reported plans to visit or work on a farm or ranch while in the US. These numbers are an indication of the amount of restricted agricultural products (of interest) illegally entering the US via airline passengers.
Sources: World Tourism Organization, USDA, APHIS, AQI Database
Review of the current situation in Zambia reveals minimal risks to the US as a result of these outbreaks of disease. The number of travelers from Zambia to the US is very small, and the only products of significance being imported are an unknown and small quantity of unspecified live animals. In Zambia, control measures are being used to limit the extent of these outbreaks.
If you need more information or wish to comment on this worksheet, please reply to this message or contact Katherine Marshall at (970) 490-7801 or Victoria Bridges at (970) 490-7822.
Prepared by: Center for Emerging Issues, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health
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CC-MAIN-2013-20
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|
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What on earth are these people eating? Find out more here.
Friends of a seven year old girl with a rare form of cancer have held a Bushtucker trial to raise money for treatment abroad.
A new centre to research a cure for cancer has opened in memory of Alison Phelan, 7, who died after being diagnosed with a brain tumour.
TV presenter Denise Van Outen has opened a new cancer screening centre in Dorset. The new digital mammography suite at Nuffield Health Bournemouth Hospital is the first of its kind at a private hospital in the county.
Patients are able to self-refer for a mammogram with the new system from the age of 40. All other referrals must be through either a GP or a consultant.
A grandfather from Hampshire, who was told he had inoperable cancer, is determined to prove medics wrong. Brian Wheeler had a tumour the size of a football on his kidney but he is now beating the disease.
His daughter is organising the biggest coffee morning the village of Hamble in Hampshire has ever seen to raise money for Macmillan nurses who provide vital support to cancer sufferers.
She is hoping to attract hundreds to Hamble Memorial Hall tomorrow morning at 10am with cake, coffee, prizes and childrens' entertainment.
Donations can be made at www.justgiving.com/hamble
Cancer patients in the South are having their say on how hospital trusts can improve their care. The results of a new survey show overall treatment has improved with on average eighty-eight percent of patients rating their care as very good or excellent.
But there were areas which scored low such as people being offered a written care plan. Health Secretary Andrew Lansley announced the findings of the survey during a visit to Portsmouth's Queen Alexandra Hospital - it came out of it as the most improved trust in the country.
The Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust has been rated as one of Britain's top ten most improved hospital trusts for cancer patient care in a national survey of 70,000 patients.
Medical Director Simon Holmes, himself a former cancer surgeon said: "We are absolutely delighted that Portsmouth has emerged so well from this cancer patient experience survey and made such huge improvements.".
Consultant breast surgeon Mr Constantinos Yiangou, Chief of Surgery & Cancer at the Queen Alexandra Hospital said:
"Over the years we have created a unit offering the latest treatments and we're very pleased that so many patients are happy with our service...
"But our service is not just about offering patients the latest treatments. To me the attitude of our staff is also very important. We have an outstanding team."
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The news itself won’t come as a shock to keen or casual followers of the Royal Family but it does provide some relief from the economic uncertainty blighting Great Britain.
Details are scarce but the official statement from Clarence House reveals that, “The Prince of Wales is delighted to announce the engagement of Prince William to Miss Catherine Middleton. The wedding will take place in the Spring or Summer of 2011, in London. Further details about the wedding day will be announced in due course.”
The couple got engaged during a vacation to Kenya in October. William sought the permission of Kate’s father (though it’s hard to imagine his saying no) and the Queen (who also had to be asked in advance, which dates back to an ancient tradition) and other close members of the Prince’s family have been informed. Following the marriage, they’ll live in north Wales, where William will continue to serve with the Royal Air Force. They met in 2002 while studying at St Andrews University in Scotland.
If it is a summer wedding, it will spark off quite the year for London, which is getting set to host the 2012 Olympics. William, who is second in line to the throne, will marry in the year which would have marked the 30th anniversary of his parents’ wedding. The country pretty much came to a standstill that day and it wouldn’t be a surprise if we witnessed similar scenes in 2011.
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Advising is a process by which faculty and designated persons assist students in successfully navigating the course options and requirements that lead to the attainment of their academic and career goals.
Faculty responsibility: A major part of the teaching responsibility is in the advising of students the faculty has in class or those assigned as advisees. For that purpose, each faculty member should be available at specific times. Early in the semester, faculty members should post near their offices and send to the Dean of the College a schedule of those hours during which they are available for consultation with students. The hours listed should be in sufficient number and varied during the days so that any student has an opportunity for consultation.
22.214.171.124 Undergraduate Students:
126.96.36.199 Graduate Students:
An advisor in the student's area of specialization will be assigned by the program coordinator of that area during the process of a student's admission to a graduate degree program. It is the advisor's responsibility to help the student formulate a plan of study leading toward the accomplishment of the student's objectives. Most of the information that follows is geared toward undergraduate student advising. Faculty should consult the Graduate Catalog for specific information regarding graduate program policies and regulations.
The following factors are worthy of consideration in advising the student on educational goals:
At the initial meeting of an advisor and and advisee, the advisor should make the advisee aware of an advisor's responsibilities and those of the advisee as stated in 188.8.131.52 & 184.108.40.206 (below)
220.127.116.11 Responsibilities of Advisors in the Advising Process
The advisor's responsibility is to:
18.104.22.168 Responsibilities of Students in the Advising Process
The student's responsibility is to:
The undergraduate catalog lists General Education and diversity requirements for all undergraduates as well as requirements for each major and minor. The graduate catalog lists all requirements, regulations and procedures for graduate programs.
22.214.171.124 Undergraduate Student Load:
A student should average 15 credits of work for 8 semesters for a total of 120 credits. A maximum load of 18 credits per semester or 12 credits a summer session is permitted for sophomore, junior, and senior students. The maximum load for freshmen students is 17 credits per semester. Full-time students are designated as being enrolled for 12 or more credits. Students in the Honors Program may carry one honors course per semester in addition to the regular course load. (For additional information regarding the Honors Program, see previous section, 8.4, in this chapter.)
126.96.36.199 Excess Load:
Students may apply to the Dean of their College at registration time for an excess load. Application forms for excess load are available in the Office of the Registrar. Only students whose average is "B" or better should be recommended for excess load except under special conditions. Similar procedures are in effect during the summer session.
Online grade records should be used as a basis for further counseling and planning with the student.
188.8.131.52 Long-range Planning:
Some departments require that a plan of studies be worked out in the sophomore year for the junior and senior years. It is useful for students to plan ahead so far as possible, particularly in the spring for the ensuing year. All departments have worked out a four-year model for use in planning a student's course work toward the degree.
Students are required to take one course designated as Global Perspectives (G) and one course designated as American Cultural Diversity (D). This requirement may be satisfied as part of their General Education program, their major or minor programs of study, or their elective credits. To the degree possible, courses designated D or G should also address issues of gender and class. Courses must be taken at the 200 level or above and must be at least three credits.
184.108.40.206 American Cultural Diversity (D)
Courses designated D will examine changing social identities and divergent beliefs of one or more racial or ethnic group of American culture as defined by the UW-System to include the following groups: African American, Hispanic/Latino(a), Asian-American, and American Indian.
a. Students will examine the ways in which issues of race and/or ethnicity shape social identities and influence behaviors within diverse segments of American society.
b. Students will analyze social and historical factors that may influence their interaction with members of a diverse society.
220.127.116.11 Global Perspectives (G)
Courses designated G will require students to examine subject matter from a global/international perspective. Outcomes:
a. Students will describe and analyze global or international issues.
b. Students will compare and contrast various aspects of an international culture to their own.
18.104.22.168 ACT Profile Sheets
The UW System requires that all incoming freshmen take the ACT to assist faculty in advising. The Admissions Office will provide these profiles to the advisors beginning with the initial registration during summer orientation. The profiles will then be forwarded to the student's permanent advisor.
22.214.171.124 Placement Tests
All freshmen are required to take the Wisconsin English Placement Test and the Wisconsin Math Placement test before registering for their first term of enrollment. The profile sheets reporting the results of these tests will be provided by the Admissions Office to advisors during the registration prior to the student's first term of enrollment. The profile sheets will then be forwarded to the student's permanent advisor. Students who have studied a foreign language (French, Spanish or German) in high school are advised to take the Wisconsin Modern Language Placement test; this test is given at Regional Testing in the spring, each morning of Freshman summer registration, or by special arrangement with the Modern Language Department.
126.96.36.199 Individual Testing
When additional information is needed concerning a student, arrangements for testing and assessment may be made through Career Services and the Academic Success Center. A minimal fee may be charged.
Under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974, students are entitled to review those records, files, documents and other materials which are maintained by the University and which contain information directly related to them. Exceptions are: personal notes of UWRF staff and faculty, employment records, medical and counseling records used solely for treatment, records in the Department of Public Safety, parents' financial records, confidential letters and statements placed in the records prior to January 1, 1975, and confidential letters and statements of recommendation for admission, employment or honorary recognition, placed in the records after January 1, 1975, but for which the student has waived the right of inspection and review. Students must submit written requests to review their records, and the University has 45 days to comply with such requests.
Students have the right to challenge information in their educational records which they believe to be inaccurate, misleading, or inappropriate, and to insert in the record a statement explaining any such material from their point of view. A formal challenge to administrator of the appropriate office.
The Vice Chancellor for Administration and Finance has been designated by the Chancellor as the custodian of all public records maintained at the University of Wisconsin-River Falls.
"Directory Information" includes name, address, telephone listing, date of birth, major field of study, participation in officially recognized activities including sports, weight and height of members of athletic teams, dates of attendance (including classification and year, matriculation and withdrawal dates), degrees and awards received and the most recent previous educational agency or institution attended. This information will be routinely released to any inquirer unless the student requests, in writing to the Registrar, that all or part of it be withheld.
There is an electronic phone book linked to the UWRF Home Page (http://www.uwrf.edu). Information listed on each individual includes: name, email address, alias, classification, major(s), minor(s), hometown, local address, and local telephone number. As is the case with other directory information, this information will not be posted if the student so requests, in writing, to the Registrar.
Advising starts when a student expresses an interest in UWRF and continues until the student completes his or her education at UWRF or leaves. Each department is responsible for an advising program that uses the services of UWRF for the specific needs of the student--the choice of classes for majors and minors, remedial concerns, development of special talents, enrichment through extra-curricular involvement, and career planning. Each chair should assign faculty to contact students interested in the department.
The following outline provides information about advising whereby the department maintains consistent contact with new students, continuing students, and interested students.
188.8.131.52 Prospective Students
The names of prospective students are sent to departments on a continuing basis. These names come from interest cards completed by prospective students when admissions counselors visit schools or when they attend college fairs and career days as well as from mail inquiries to the Admissions Office. These names also come from students who have taken the ACT or SAT and had their score reports sent to UWRF. Throughout the year, letters from the department heads are sent to these interested students, stressing the advantages the department has for the student. These letters may be standard, but an extra handwritten comment is suggested.
Computer printouts of accepted students are sent to the Deans, on a monthly basis, from the Admissions Office. This information is sorted by major, address of student, and other data.
184.108.40.206 Freshmen and Transfer Students
June-July Orientation/Registration: New students register during a number of days dedicated to this process. At that time new students will meet with department representatives who will advise them on course work and requirements. Testing and initial orientation also take place on these advising days. The Admissions Office provides students with detailed advance information on services available at this time. August-September Orientation/Registration: New students may also register on a specified day just prior to the opening of the academic year.
220.127.116.11 Continuing Students
In the month of October, students and their academic advisors will receive information regarding advising periods and registration times for the next spring semester. In the month of March, students and their academic advisors will receive information regarding advising periods and registration times for the next fall semester. Students and their advisors will meet prior to the student's registration appointment in order to work out the student's schedule for the following semester and to do whatever long-range planning is appropriate (see previous sections on advising).
The Registrar's Office will not reissue lost PIN numbers without written authorization from the advisor. Acceptable written authorization includes a hand-written or wordprocessed note, not an email correspondence. The note may be carried by the student to the Registrar's Office.
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HistorEats: Grilled Cheese Grows Up
Welcome to HistorEats, where we serve up history and recipes in one convenient batch...
John Montagu (better known as the Earl of Sandwich) has been getting the credit for putting meat, veggies, and cheese between two slices of bread since the 1600s. The Greek pita, another type of sandwich, can be traced back to well before the 1700s. But sandwiches have been along far longer than this even if modern people would never mistake one for a giant sub.
Is it possible that what we know today as the Kraft singles and buttered-bread grilled cheese had humble beginnings before the first century? Sheep were among the first domesticated animals but their milk, while being tasty, spoiled very quickly without refrigeration (especially in Egyptian deserts). Before a time of freezers and temperature control, cheese was the ultimate way for people to preserve their dairy.
So while there is little direct evidence to support the “grilled cheese” as a century’s old recipe, it’s hard to believe that—having these two basic ingredients more frequently than other foods—ancient people would’ve never thought, “Hey, it’s a cold night. Why don’t we use this fire to melt some cheese over our pieces of bread?”
Though a humble beginning, the popularity of the modern grilled cheese really has more to do with war and industry than refrigeration methods.
In the early 1900s, bulk cheese (those round cheese wheels you’ll only see in specialty grocery stores or Europe) was under monopoly control like all the other product produced on a large scale While bulk cheese was practical in the early centuries of human history, it eventually dries out and is fairly unwieldy for apartment or city-living. (Try to imagine rolling a ten or fifteen pound wheel of cheese through the subway turnstiles on your way home from the store.)
Thankfully, there once lived a brilliant Canadian door-to-door cheese salesman named JL Kraft. Well-acquainted with the problems of bulk cheese, his invention of processed cheese in 1916 narrowly beat out others to receive the first patent. During World War I the United States ordered six million pounds of his tinned cheese to feed our soldiers abroad. The foil-wrapped Kraft cheeses stored well and were cheaper to produce than bulk. It was a winning combination all around.
Still, the grilled cheese didn’t truly take off until the best invention of the 20th century—sliced bread—which didn’t come along until 1928. Setting aside the convenience of both these products on their own, the joint efforts of heavy marketing from both Kraft and Chillicothe Baking Co. (who advertised their bread as “the greatest forward step in the baking industry since bread was wrapped,” giving way to today’s popular catchphrase) combined to make grilled cheese sandwiches one of the most popular meals both at home and in school cafeterias.
The origins of the usual North American accompaniment of Campbell’s Tomato Soup are also in convenience and marketing. Condensed soup takes out all most of the water making the product smaller packaging-wise and cheaper for the consumer. Campbell’s tomato was the first type of condensed soup in the company’s history—first made in 1897.
Back before the worries about sodium and cholesterol, tomato soup was just a good source of Vitamin C and grilled cheese not only served up two major food groups but was easy for Mom to make for the kids. How could anyone resist a grilled cheese sandwich and soup on a cold day?
TRY GRILLED CHEESE OUT FOR YOURSELF....
I don’t like to get fancy with grilled cheese. Sharp cheddar melted inside crispy bread hits the spot. But it leaves me wanting more. Grilled cheese, to me and many grown-ups, is more of a glorified snack than a meal. It’s what we crave at 1:00 am, or what we order when we’re just peckish. It's all because when we're children, we ate grilled cheeses alongside tomato soup ,and washed it all down with Juicy Juice. As adults, grilled cheeses are comforting, but only relics of what used to be enough to fill us up.
There comes a time, though, in our culinary lives when we trade in Spaghettios for spaghetti bolognese, Goldfish for Triscuits. I consider these welcome upgrades.
So, if you had to choose between enduring Kraft's grilled cheeses of old, or enjoying sandwiches seasoned with adult accoutrements, which would you prefer?
Grown-up Grilled Cheeses (Serves 2-3)
-2 pans (preferably cast iron), one small enough to fit inside the larger one
-6 slices of bread (Try 3 slices of whole wheat, and 3 of pumpernickle)
-3 different cheeses of your choice, all grated (I recommend gouda, gruyere, and sharp cheddar)
-6 tablespoons of extra virgin olive oil
-1 tablespoon of butter
-1 sliced avocado
-1 thinly sliced green apple
-1 tomato, thinly sliced and gutted
-1 large, sweet onion, thinly sliced
-mustard, to taste
-brown sugar (for caramelized onions)
-Smart Balance (regular butter works, too)
You’re free to mix the above ingredients in any which way you please, but my favorite combinations are pictured below.
10 Easy Steps:
1. Place a lightly greased skillet on medium-high heat
2. Place two slices of bread before you. Spread condiment of your choice onto one slice of bread, then cover the slice with cheese, followed by desired toppings
3. Place the other slice of bread on top
4. Brush one side of the sandwich with ½ teaspoon of extra virgin olive oil
5. Place the sandwich onto the hot skillet, oily side down
6. Place the smaller skillet on top of the sandwich, gently pressing the two slices together
7. Cook to desired level of doneness (crispy bread takes about two minutes per side)
8. When the cheese has melted and the bread is crisp, transfer to a plate
9. Cut diagonally
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Public health is at growing risk from urban conditions such as pollution, noise, overcrowding and stress, according to experts who met in New York for the Ninth International Conference on Urban Health.
More than half of the world's population lives in cities today, and the United Nations predicts that number will rise to 70 percent by 2050.
Urban health challenges
Health researchers, practitioners, policymakers and academics from 45 countries came to the New York Academy of Medicine to discuss a wide and growing array of urban health challenges. The issues included cholera treatment in Port au Prince, Haiti, condom distribution for sex workers in Bangladesh, pedestrian traffic fatalities in Nairobi, Kenya, and research into the relationship between illicit drug control policies and public health in New York City.
Experts at the conference agreed that the health risks associated with 21st century city living are many and complex, but often include overcrowding, poor air quality, indoor air pollution, the use of fuels that cause respiratory problems, high population density, dampness and the simple lack of water and sanitation.
"In many areas, there are still communal standpipes, latrines that literally hundreds of families have to share," said Trudy Harpham of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. "Sometimes no latrines and there is open defecation in some of these areas. So housing and health are a big issue."
The relationship between health, housing and other urban issues is a pressing concern in the United States as well, where 85 percent of the population now lives in cities, according to Adolfo Carrion, a senior administrator at the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
"When you go to the challenges of trash management, of traffic management, of health care delivery systems, of access to jobs of economic opportunity, the quality, when you think of noise levels and pollution levels, we have to deal with all those issues," said Carrion.
A key to promoting urban health is encouraging preventive health care with recommendations for proper diet and exercise routines, for example. Still, many of New York's poorest residents cannot readily act on those recommendations.
"You can give people information about how to live healthy lives," said New York Academy of Medicine President Dr. Jo Ivey Bufford, "but if they can't buy the green vegetables, if they can't exercise because the streets aren't safe, they can't act on the information. That's the kind of environmental issue that's very important for us."
Indeed, in many cities in both the developed and the developing worlds, access to quality health care varies widely between the rich and the poor. Danielle Ompad, an epidemiologist with the New York Academy of Medicine, said that the homeless, substance abusers, and undocumented immigrants are particularly vulnerable. Ompad often imagines what it is like for such people to get a simple flu vaccination.
"You need to have sick leave, or you need to take off work. And we know that a lot of people who live in poverty have multiple jobs that often don't have sick leave or vacation leave. So often they are going to lose money by trying to take off work for preventative health care."
Urban Americans mostly rely on hospitals and clinics for their basic medical care. That is not so in many parts of the developing world, where druggists, for example, often prescribe and dispense prescription medications. This grassroots approach is a key part of the Indian government's tuberculosis eradication program.
Dr. Aparna Srikantam of LepraIndia, an NGO that partners with the Indian government, was at the conference to tout its so-called DOTS program, which screens for TB, provides TB medicine when needed, and allows people in the patient's personal circle to follow up.
"Any person can be a DOT provider and need not be a doctor," said Srikantam. "A grocery shop owner or a priest or any person can hold the drugs with them and see that the patient takes the entire treatment so that adequacy will be maintained." She added that each effective DOTS intervention means that as many as 15 other TB transmissions can be prevented.
Trudy Harpham of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, believes that such partnerships between centralized authorities and grassroots health care providers will be the key to future advances in urban medicine."It has to be a two-way thing," said Harpham. "Communities have to have the power and the confidence to speak up about their needs and government has to listen."
It's a dialogue that promises to become increasingly urgent, as migration to the planet's urban centers continues to accelerate in the years ahead.
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Not paying a Havre water bill just got a little more expensive.
Havre City Council approved a resolution at Monday night’s meeting adding a $5 late fee to water bills that are more than a month late.
Finance Director Doug Kaercher said that a pink slip will be mailed out 40 days after a bill is sent out, notifying the customer of their delinquent payment.
This is a new intermediate step before, according to city statute, the city begins the process of shutting off water after 60 days.
Kaercher said that the city already sends out about 400 late payment notices, about 10 percent of all accounts, without any financial penalty.
“I believe we are being used, ” Kaercher told the council.
Council member Bob Kaftan asked Kaercher what recourse people would have for contesting charges or bills. Kaercher said any complaint would come to him first then go to Mayor Tim Solomon and then the council.
Council member Allen “Woody” Woodwick said it would probably end up “like any protest of a bill. It would probably end up with the water and sewer committee. ”
The resolution will take effect on Aug. 1. So any water users who haven’t paid their June bill can expect a pink slip in their mailbox sometime next month.
One possible explanation for the number of late bill payments is the relative lack of options for customers to pay their bills, a problem the city has recently also been dealing with.
This month is the first time the city of Havre has ever accepted either credit or debit cards for any city related payments.
Since the credit card companies take a cut of transactions, the city also implemented a three percent convenience fee charged to customers, so the card companies cut doesn’t come out of the city’s taxpayer dollars.
Kaercher said earlier this month that the city is working on adding further convenience.
The next step should be the ability to set up auto-payments with the city, so water bill money is extracted from a customers account as soon as it is due. Then getting a late fee would be impossible.
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Above: This caricature of the second president of the Italian republic Luigi Einaudi, farm owner and producer of Dolcetto and Nebbiolo, was published in 1950 in Italy. The monarchist publisher was convicted of libel. Click on the image for a larger version and note that Nebbiolo is spelled with one b.
The often workaday nature of my professional life is balanced by my insatiable curiosity and the unmitigated access to all kinds of information via the internets.
Yesterday, as I was roaming around the web and trolling for nuggets about the Einaudi winery in Dogliani (for one of the many restaurant sites that I curate), I came across this wonderful caricature of Italy’s second president (and winemaker), Luigi Einaudi, a figure whom I admire immensely for his opposition to historic fascism.
The Einaudi family has played impressive roles in Italian contemporary history, society, and culture, including Luigi’s son Giulio’s legacy as a publisher (the bookshelves of our home are line with works of literature and critical essays published by Einaudi, including collections of Pasolini’s writings), his son Ludovico’s legacy as a musician, and son Mario’s strident anti-fascism.
In 1950, when Luigi Einaudi became the second president of the Italian Republic, the monarchist review Candido parodied him in the caricature above.
Einaudi is the figure in the center, guarded by corazzieri (a presidential guard of Neb[b]iolo) at the Quirinale, Italy’s presidential palazzo.
The episode reveals how fine wine, and Nebbiolo in particular, was viewed as an elitist indulgence at the time. It also gives us an indication of how wine visionaries like Einaudi (he was among the first to modernize his winery and he was a pioneer in his vision of building the wine export industry in Italy) were seen as misguided.
The satirical message of the vignette is this is how our new president expects to rebuild our country… with wine.
Einaudi sued the publisher for libel and won.
An Einaudi Dolcetto was Eric and Levi’s top pick this week in their The New York Times tasting panel. I’m a big fan myself… for the wine’s traditional and classic style… and for the family’s legacy as anti-fascists and intellectual celebrities…
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Welcome to a website containing a free IQ test. With you in mind, we have prepared a professional intelligence test consisting of 30 questions. Solving it shouldn’t take more than half an hour. After you solve the test you will receive the result – a number called intelligence quotient. Don’t waste time – take our free IQ quiz now!
What are intelligence tests anyway? First intelligence tests were devised around the beginning of the twentieth century by the French psychologists Alfred Binet. He put together a set of tasks dedicated to measuring intelligence in children still in their school age. Several years later, a known psychologist William Stern published an upgraded version of Binet’s IQ test and introduced the term “intelligence quotient”.
However, Binet’s test had one significant flaw – they weren’t suited for measuring intelligence in adults. In the thirties, an American citizen David Wechsler decided to create his own test, based on entirely different assumptions. Wechsler noticed that the intelligence level distribution in a given populace is much the same as the so called normal distribution (Gaussian curve). He determined that an average IQ score should be equal to 100 and the standard deviation should be 15, so in Wechsler’s scale, an intelligence quotient higher than 115 is thought to be above average; people with their IQ above 130 are exceptionally skilled. The Wechsler scale is in use by psychologists even nowadays, it’s also used by the free IQ test available on our site.
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This year's biggest economic losersFebruary 7, 2013: 9:24 AM ET
Who's going to feel the biggest squeeze? Though they get plenty of attention, it's not the wealthy or the middle class.
By Elizabeth G. Olson
FORTUNE -- Who is going to feel the tightest economic squeeze this year?
The answer is not the wealthy, although some will pay higher taxes than in recent years. The middle-tier worker might not be making huge strides, but it's the bottom 25% of workers whose financial plight is likely to get no better, and perhaps even worse.
The bottom quadrant are not those who can't or won't find or keep a job, but the working families who make enough to clear the official poverty line but still cannot make ends meet. Such families, defined as those who have one adult employed full-time, are not looking at much, if anything, that will give them significant help, such as better job prospects, tax breaks, or even the financial boost of a higher national minimum wage, according to economists.
"There is a lot of suffering out there," says Paul Osterman, professor at MIT and author of Good Jobs America. "Not enough jobs are being created to replace the ones that were lost, let alone new ones."
While more companies are taking on workers -- 157,000 jobs were added in January, according to employment statistics released last Friday -- but the jobless rate, nevertheless, rose slightly, to 7.9%, as weekly unemployment claims rose.
"Overall growth remains too slow to provide work for all who want and need it," says Christine Owens, executive director of the National Employment Law Project, reacting to the jobs data. Some 2.2 million jobs were created in 2011.
Little relief is in sight, with a heavy budget axe poised to fall as early as next month. Over $80 billion in government spending cuts will likely push even more families up against, or over, the economic edge.
Up to 1.4 million jobs could be lost, according to estimates by the Congressional Budget Office, which will add more families to some 47.5 million Americans considered among the working poor. Last year, the official poverty line was $22,811 for a family of four, with two adults and two children.
A new study by the Working Poor Families Project, a foundation-funded endeavor, examined U.S. Census data and concluded that the number of low-income working families continues to rise, with about one-third of all such households currently struggling to pay for their essential living expenses. The project defines working poor families as those earning 200% above the official poverty line, or $45,600.
Last year, the lowest earning one-fifth of families took home less than 5% of all income, according to the analysis. At the same time, the top-earning 20% of all working families took home nearly half, or 48%, of all income.
Other economists point to federal data that the costs of basic necessities, which include mortgage or rent payments, utilities, clothing and transportation, are lower now than they were in the past. In a recent Wall Street Journal opinion column, two conservative economists argued that figures provided by the Bureau of Labor Analysis, part of the U.S. Commerce Department, found that households spend only 32% on basics now compared to 44% in 1970 and a much higher 54% in 1950.
Brandon Roberts, co-author of the Working Poor Families report, says federal data shows it's not a question of frittering away disposable income, but that "too many people are not able to pay for health care or put money away for their children's education. Working families are not doing better than they were several years ago."
And the ranks of the working poor are growing, he says, noting that data from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey shows that their numbers grew by 200,000 in 2011. As a result, 10.4 million families -- 32% of all working families -- fit the working poor definition, an increase from 28% in 2007.
The pain is spread geographically, the report found, with every state registering a significant number of low-income working families. However, states in the South, including Mississippi, and the West, including New Mexico, had the highest percentages of working poor.
The unemployment has declined, but it has retreated more slowly than economists predicted, with long-term joblessness at its highest rate ever. About 40% of the country's 12.3 million jobless are viewed as long-term unemployed, a situation that was underscored recently by the decline of the gross national product late last year.
Reductions in defense spending have contributed to that decline, and the upcoming billions in spending cuts are expected to ripple through the economy -- a development that workforce experts like the National Employment Law Project's Owens warn could cause major harm to workers.
"The economy is still suffering from the worst recession in 80 years -- and the degree of continuing pain cannot be overstated," she says.
Low-income working families have added more hours to their workweek, but are receiving the same pay, says Lawrence Mishel, president of the Economic Policy Institute, a left-leaning think tank.
During the three decades following 1979, American employees worked 10.7% more annually -- the equivalent of working 4.5 additional weeks every year -- but real annual wages grew only slightly. For middle-wage workers, wages grew 5.3%, with the biggest gains coming in the economically flush late 1990s, according to Mishel, who compiles the data annually in "The State of Working America."
"The situation is stagnating, and workers took another blow when payroll taxes reverted to where they were before," says Mishel, an economist, referring to the expiration of last year's 2% decrease in taxes taken from paychecks.
"The economy is not growing enough to drive down employment," Mishel adds. He is calling for more job training and restoring union rights, noting that workforce data suggests that "Americans started working more paid hours as part of a coping strategy to ensure some income growth despite poor wage performance."
Wages aside, families can find little solace, if any, in talk of tax reform. Some important tax credits -- including one for childcare -- survived the tax deal engineered in January, but Brandon Roberts says he supports breaks for worker sick leave and affordable skills training.
An increase in the federal minimum wage could offer a boost to workers. The rate, at $7.25 per hour, was last changed in 2009. Last month, 10 states raised their hourly wage, but Congress must approve the federal minimum, which could help offset the deeper bite that the restored payroll tax cut is taking in low-income workers' paychecks.
"We're not supporting skills training or a higher minimum wage because they are handouts," says Roberts, "but because they are opportunities."
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Skills for Care is committed to helping ensure that social workers deliver better services. We support employers to meet their workforce needs, and we support the work of the Social Work Reform Board (SWRB).
Together with the Department for Education we have responsibility for the Assessed & Supported Year in Employment which was implemented in September 2012. We worked in partnership with the then Children's Workforce Development Council (CWDC) to support the SWRB in developing the ASYE.
In 2011-12 we and CWDC drew on the experience and advice of over 50 employers across both adults' and children's social work to formulate recommendations to the SWRB, which were accepted in full. Click here for information about how the ASYE was developed and see below for resources to support the implementation of the ASYE.
Skills for Care and the Department for Education are separately reviewing the implementation of ASYE in the first year.
For further information on the Skills for Care evaluation process click here.
We continue to support all social workers who care for adults through a range of other activities and projects, see other green tabs below. We also aim to communicate with and support all stakeholders in the sector via our area social work networks.
Introductory materials for the Assessed and Supported Year in Employment (ASYE)
Information about funding to support employers in implementing ASYE
Information on how the ASYE is to be supported and assessed. It includes information on an ASYE learning agreement.
A series of fictional case studies ilustrating the standard required at ASYE for holistic assessment.
How employers can satisfy themselves that their judgements are accurate valid and robust.
Information to help employers in the voluntary and private sector engage with the ASYE.
Information to help employers provide opportunities for CPD.
Enables people to tackle problems and solutions by creating their own solutions.
Find out more about what is happening in your area
An online resource to support the learning and development needs of front line social work managers.
Information relating to workforce planning and commissioning.
Information on how employers can support NQSWs,develop and support assessors and supervisors including frameworks and standards.
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South Edmeston, NY – Chobani Yogurt
Are summer days making you crave cool, refrigerated treats? Chobani brand yogurt is an American-made option that may do the trick!
When Kraft decided to close its 85-year-old yogurt factory in 2005, 55 people found themselves out of work as a result. But Hamdi Ulukaya stepped in quickly and decided, on a whim, to purchase the plant and start a yogurt company on his own. By 2007 Chobani rolled out its first batches of yogurt.
And now, according to the Syracuse Post-Standard:
Today, South Edmeston is the epicenter of the skyrocketing supermarket category of Greek yogurt. Since late 2007, the former Kraft plant about 60 miles southeast of Syracuse has been home to Chobani, the best-selling Greek yogurt in the United States.
The plant now has 600 employees (and growing). It sold about $500 million worth of yogurt in the past year, a 206 percent year-over-year increase. It consumes more than 2.8 million pounds of milk (enough to fill roughly 50 tanker trucks) each day. That’s helped spur a mini-resurgence in New York’s dairy industry.
Four years ago, Chobani didn’t exist. Now it’s the national market leader in a booming grocery category.
According to Chobani’s website, its products are made only from natural ingredients and “with milk from cows not treated with rBST.”
To learn more about Chobani’s products, find stores that carry them or download coupons, click here.
Photo from Chobani’s website.
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Did the Supreme Court put some federal jobs at risk?
Despite the Supreme Court's rulings on Monday about gun rights to the Vatican sex abuse case, patents and university student groups, thousands of federal officials should take a gander at the a ruling on the validity of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
"The 5 to 4 decision sowed doubts about the job security and legal authority of high-level government officials in agencies as varied as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Social Security Administration, the Consumer Product Safety Commission and the Federal Trade Commission," colleague David Hilzenrath writes in today's Post.
"The target of the plaintiffs...was the nonprofit organization created in 2002 to oversee the firms that audit publicly traded companies. The plaintiffs argued that the board's setup violated the separation of powers by giving executive responsibilities to officials beyond presidential control.
"The court said board members were too insulated from removal by the president" and it "struck down only the part that said the Securities and Exchange Commission needs good cause to remove board members. The court said the SEC has the power to remove board members at will."
In his dissent, Justice Stephen Breyer said that supervision of the accounting board “violates no separation-of-powers principle," and said the court's majority opinion questions the constitutional status of many government officials.
“Reading the criteria as stringently as possible,” he wrote, “I still see no way to avoid sweeping hundreds, perhaps thousands of high level government officials within the scope of the court’s holding, putting their job security and their administrative actions and decisions constitutionally at risk.”
Mark Kende, director of the constitutional law center at Drake University Law School in Iowa, told the Wall Street Journal that the majority's decision wasn't binding on other agencies but "leaves the question open" to be pursued in future cases.
New York University's Paul C. Light, a professor of public service, told Hilzenrath that the opinion "opens a Pandora's box of uncertainty" and will have a chilling effect on officials who are left to wonder if they are vulnerable.
So why did Congress give the board such a structure in the first place? Tom Shoop writes that lawmakers established the board as a private nonprofit corporation stacked with members and employees are not considered government "officer[s] or employee[s]" for statutory purposes. The board can thus pay salaries above $500,000, well above the government pay scale.
It does seem that people upset with decisions by administrative law judges and various federal agencies and commissions inevitably will face at least some legal challenges to their constitutional validity. Some federal officials should prepare to lawyer up.
Leave your thoughts in the comments section below
• Cabinet and Staff News: Elena Kagan says she would take a "modest" approach on the Supreme Court, while the high court says goodbye to John Paul Stevens. Sen. Daniel Inouye (D-Hawaii) succeeds Robert Byrd in the line of succession. Did Robert Gates diss Donald Rumsfeld? Gen. Stanley McChrystal will retire.
• Commodity Futures Trading Commission approves second movie futures exchange: But legislation banning trading of box-office futures is included in the sweeping overhaul of financial regulation now awaiting a final vote in Congress.
• Pentagon looks for $100 billion in cost savings: Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates wants contracts scrutinized more closely for inefficiencies and unneeded overhead.
• House leader: Defense cuts can reduce debt: Majority Leader Steny Hoyer (D-Md.) called the country's rising debt a "national security threat" and suggested that the government trim fat from the defense budget.
• Colonel charged with gun smuggling: A retired U.S. Air Force colonel tied to the Iran-contra affairs allegedly conspired with an Israeli aeronautics engineer to illegally export 2,000 AK-47s to Somalia.
• Report faults U.S. for being too optimistic about Afghan security capabilities: Efforts to prepare and equip Afghan forces are also plagued by a shortage of U.S.-led coalition trainers and mentors and a corrupt and inadequate Afghan logistics system.
• White House backs FCC plan to add airwaves for mobile broadband: Over the next decade, President Obama pledged to make available 500 megahertz of radiowaves for high-speed wireless carriers.
• FDA seeks less use of antibiotics in animals to keep them effective for humans: The agency urged farmers on Monday to stop giving antibiotics to cattle, poultry, hogs and other animals to spur their growth
• Small business owners air contracting frustrations: Dozens of small business contractors expressed frustration with a system they claim is geared unfairly to large companies.
• Contractors' roles in psychological operations raise concerns: The Pentagon plans to spend nearly $1 billion on psychological operations (PSYOP) worldwide in fiscal 2011 -- and nearly 40 percent of it will go for contracted services and products.
• FBI arrests 10 accused of working as Russian spies: The arrests involved video surveillance, hidden microphones and surreptitious FBI searches of homes along the East Coast.
• Russian spy case reveals old espionage tricks: Russian intelligence evidently still relies on espionage methods – “tradecraft,” in spy lingo – as old as the Rome hills.
• Obama opens door to Space arms treaty: The Obama administration renounces the unilateral stance of the Bush administration and instead emphasizes international cooperation.
• Unions set wish list for new TSA administrator: Most of all, they want face time with John Pistole.
| June 29, 2010; 6:20 AM ET
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The Great Rift Valley, an area of Eastern Africa with strong tectonic activity, offers immense potential for large-scale geothermal projects. Some estimates put the resource potential along the rift at 15,000 MW.
In order to take advantage of that baseload resource (and become less dependent on the seasonal variability of hydropower) a few countries are adopting strong targets for geothermal development.
In a region where the population has limited access to electricity, the slew of geothermal projects under development could expand that reach – assuming the grid and workforce in countries like Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda can handle the coming expansion of power plants.
Kenya is the leader in African geothermal power production. Last year, the country's main power plant developer, KenGen, announced plans to develop 280 MW of geothermal by 2013. And the government-owned developer, Geothermal Development Company (GDC), set a target of 200 MW per year over the next decade.
With over 210 MW of projects completed, Kenya is no stranger to geothermal. But the lack of a qualified workforce and a shortage of drilling rigs may hinder the goal of getting 2,300 MW of projects in the ground by 2020.
Last October, GDC said it didn't have enough domestic workers to develop the projects in its pipeline. The company is using workers from China who are flown in and work month-long shifts – significantly increasing the cost of developing projects.
In order to alleviate the problem, the United Nations University Geothermal Training Program has been providing six-month intensive training courses in exploration, reservoir engineering, environmental studies and drilling since the late 70's. Many of the students come from Africa. However, the yearly turnover hasn't been enough to meet the rising demand for workers in the growing geothermal industry.
The other problem has been drilling rigs. Because of competition with the oil and gas industry, the lack of rigs has been a big hinderance for geothermal developers around the world. The Icelandic bank Islandsbanki projects that the need for drilling rigs will increase by almost 150% in the U.S. alone by 2013.
To assist the Kenyans with equipment needs, the Export-Import Bank of China and the French Development Agency said last week that they would loan the Kenyan government more than USD $160 million to purchase five drilling rigs. If the government can acquire the rigs, that will bring the total number in the country to 10, which is close to the 12 rigs needed in the next few years.
In nearby Rawanda, government officials have called for a target of 300 MW of geothermal projects by 2017. Those projects will be developed in tandem with additional investment in grid infrastructure. The goal is to get half of all households connected to the grid by then, with 50% of the electricity coming from geothermal. That increase of 300 MW would be huge for the country, as it currently only has 70 MW of installed electricity capacity.
With some help from the World Bank and the African Development Bank, the Rwandan government is planning on drilling three geothermal wells this year at a cost of USD $20 million. As in Kenya, with such poor grid infrastructure and a limited workforce, it's unclear if Rwanda can meet that desired target. But the aid from international lenders will surely help.
In a final piece of news last week, Uganda set a feed-in tariff for various renewable energy technologies, including geothermal.
The tariffs will guarantee energy producers a payment of USD $.077 for a 20-year period of time. As part of the FIT program, the government hopes to stimulate over 100 MW of development by 2014. The country's total geothermal resources are estimated at 450 MW.
The technical and financial challenges in these East African countries will be immense: But with governments and developers showing intensions to support the industry, development will likely be strong in the region.
Last October, Deutsche Welle put together a great mini-documentary on Kenya's geothermal power development, highlighting many of the challenges to scaling the industry. It's worth a watch.
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linezolid suspension - oral, Zyvox
GENERIC NAME: LINEZOLID SUSPENSION - ORAL (lin-AZE-oh-lid)
BRAND NAME(S): Zyvox
USES: Linezolid is an antibiotic used to treat certain serious bacterial infections that have not responded to other antibiotics (resistant infections). It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (e.g., common cold, flu). Unnecessary use or overuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.
HOW TO USE: Take this medication by mouth with or without food, usually every 12 hours or as directed by your doctor.Before taking each dose, mix the suspension by gently turning the bottle upside down 3 to 5 times. Do not shake this medication.The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy. In children the dosage may also be based on weight, and they may be directed to take this medication every 8 hours.Linezolid is related to a group of drugs called MAO inhibitors. Certain foods interact with MAO inhibitors causing severe headache and increased blood pressure. This could lead to a medical emergency. Therefore, it is important to avoid or limit intake of these foods to reduce your risk of these serious problems. (See Drug Interactions section).Antibiotics work best when the amount of medicine in your body is kept at a constant level. Therefore, take this drug at evenly spaced intervals. To help you remember, take it at the same times each day.Continue to take this medication until the full prescribed amount is finished, even if symptoms disappear after a few days. Stopping the medication too early may allow bacteria to continue to grow, which may result in a relapse of the infection.Inform your doctor if your condition persists or worsens.
Back to Medications Index
Get the latest health and medical information delivered direct to your inbox FREE!
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IT HAPPENS ONLY IN INDIA,
GREAT JOB MR. PARMAR
it is good to eat as many as vegetables and fruits (totally vegetarian), but my aurvedic doctor asked me to stop eating every...
ALTHOUGH most modern attempts to harness tide wave power have failed, there is new optimism in the air. Scientists could soon start power generation with the help of underwater version!; of wind turbines. Efforts are on to set up "tidal farms" in coastal waters from the southwest of England to Southeast Asia (New Scientist, Vol 158, No 2139).
Canadian researchers plan to build the world's first multi-megawatt power station in a narrow channel between islands in the Philippines, to tap tidal power. Blue Energy of Vancouver, Canada, and the Philippines government signed an agreement last December to build the us $100 million power project. The first "underwater windmill" is also expected to supply Britain's national grid with power. The European Union (EU) will provide funds to a British-led consortium for setting up a single turbine off the coast of southwest England. Peter Fraenkel of the Hampshire-based company IT Power, who is leading the project, says the turbine will start supplying power by mid-2000.
In the past, large investments were required to place a turbine underwater. But the recent technological break-throughs have brought costs down. Today, jt is feasible to mount turbines on pipes that are easily placed in holes drilled in the seafloor.
Tidal prospects today are as good as any other projects, says Fraenkel. Researchers have identified several areas that offer potential for extracting more than 10 megawatts. But it would be important to know why only some sites are better for harnessing tidal power. According to Fraenkel, an ideal site should have water deep enough to cover a turbine. It means that a depth of between 20 and 30 metres as near as possible to the shore. The tidal currents should have a peak velocity of between two and three metres per second. It is also important that a grid connection is close to the site and the area is not a shipping zone. Now engineers are not only looking at estuaries, but also at the more common coastal currents generated by the tides.
Fraenkel played an important role in the compilation of a study for the F,U of potential sites for tidal current power generation which identified 106 potential sites, 42 of them around Britain. These included the islands and lochs of western Scotland and the Orkney and Shetland Isles, the Welsh island of Anglesey, the Scilly Isles, and Channel islands such as Alderney, which has one of the strongest tidal currents off Britain. In Europe, the researchers found potential sites in the Straits of Messina between Sicily and the toe of Italy, and the seas bordering the Greek islands.
It has been found that the best sites around the world are clustered on the edges of large oceans. In Asia, the myriad channels between the islands of the Philippines and Indonesia offer great potential, together with currents that run along the Chinese and Japanese coasts. Other sites such as the Atlantic waters off New Foundland and sites in the Pacific off British Columbia also offer great potential for generating tidal power.
Besides offering good power potential, islands are often in need of cheap electricity. Many islands are located far from large power plants. These islands rely on small, expensive and polluting power plants of their own. Stephen Salter of the University of Edinburgh, UK, is investigating the potential for replacing coal-fired power with tidal power on islands off the coast of China near Shanghai. Salter is known for his "nodding duck" machine for generating electricity from waves.
Lack of good data on the strength of currents is one of the biggest problems why tidal wave power has not been exploited extensively. Last year, Norwegian engineers planned to generate power for the town of Hammerfest on the Arctic coasl from turbines in Kval Sound. However, Torkild Carstens from the University of Trondheim's Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research, says that the project could not be undertaken as the current was only half as strong as earlier suggested. After that, the EU provided funds to a research learn for developing instruments and computer models for making rapid estimates of tidal power potential.
Another problem is whether tidal power can be exploited economically. A recent feasibility study of tidal power in the Orkney and Shetland islands shows that it would respectively cost around two and four times the cheapest commercial rate from gas-powered power
stations. Fraenkel believes that turbines set in clusters would be as cheap as wind power. It would be enough to make it attractive for island communities. And he expects further technical advances and mass production to bring down the cost of setting up the plant.
These developments notwithstanding, it is still a long way before tidal power becomes a reality. Fraenkel fears that over enthusiastic claims for tidal power could wreck its future once again. So the world will have to wait and watch how scientists work out a feasible method to tap tidal power in future.
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This age group needs to feel independent--but also wants to be part of a group. FaithWeaver activities help them learn at their own pace, and share their learning with each other.
- Key Verse, Key Question and Lesson Focus provide an overview of the Bible focus for the week, with easy-to-spot icons to help you see where this is reinforced throughout the lesson.
- Age-Level Insights help you understand children's developmental stages--and relate to them more easily!
- Flexible for Time & Space Needs - Optional Activities give you instant flexibility and control. Additional already-prepared lesson extenders mean you've got ideas for additional time-or to better suit your children's needs!
- Tips from the Trenches give you helpful tips for the best way to present an activity.
Order one per teacher, quarterly.
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A blood glucose number is a snapshot of a moment in time. The more you test, the more you will know about how your body is managing the diabetes. Imagine going on a holiday and only taking one picture. It is easy to forget the details of your trip.
Testing at various times during the day allows you to make more informed decisions. Most health professionals now recommend testing at least once a day if you have type 2 diabetes, and three times a day if you have type 1 diabetes. Recording the numbers, along with a list of your activities, diet, and how you feel, gives a larger picture of your diabetes management. Make sure you bring your logbook to all of your medical appointments.
Your diabetes educator will mention target values that may seem hard to attain. Many studies have shown that keeping blood glucose within target ranges most of the time can delay or prevent complications of diabetes. Typically, the target for blood glucose when you have not eaten is four to seven mmol/L.
After you have eaten, your blood glucose number will ideally fall within another target range. For most people, that range lies between five and 10 mmol/L. Blood glucose peaks usually two hours after you eat. Those with type 1 diabetes, who must use insulin to manage their diabetes, should also strive for a blood glucose number between five and 10 mmol/L two hours after eating. By checking blood glucose both before you eat and two hours afterward, you can see whether your meal fits into the healthy target range. If your value after you eat is greater than 10 mmol/L, it is outside of the goal range. You may want to adjust the type or amount of food. The next time you eat that meal, alter the quantity of carbohydrate or combine it with a protein. Test your blood glucose again to see whether the number is in the target zone. The goal is to avoid a high or low in blood glucose while still feel satisfied after eating a meal.
These numbers may be different for young children and those who have heart disease, live alone, or are pregnant. Check with your diabetes educator or doctor to determine the right target levels for you.
If you take insulin, it is important to check your blood glucose level before bedtime. Half of low blood glucose reactions happen during the night. If your value is less than seven mmol/L at bedtime, consider a carbohydrate and protein snack. Check your blood glucose again if you wake during the night. Do another test first thing in the morning to see whether you are still in the target range.
Checking your blood glucose before you get behind the wheel is part of being a responsible driver. If you are taking insulin or medication to increase insulin production, your blood glucose may fall too low to allow you to think properly. The brain needs carbohydrate as a fuel source to make decisions. Test before you drive, and if your blood glucose is less than five mmol/L, have a carbohydrate snack. Always carry dextrose or other quick-acting products in your vehicle as first aid for low blood glucose.
Driving, especially if it is stressful, can lower your blood glucose. By testing to ensure that your blood glucose is within range, you can eliminate emergency situations while driving.
The brain is usually one of the first body organs to recognize low blood glucose (hypoglycemia). The body needs carbohydrates to fuel it. When blood glucose is mildly low, you may feel anxious or hungry. As the blood glucose level drops further, headaches, vision changes, dizziness, irritability and difficulty concentrating are symptoms. At this point you may need help in treating your low blood glucose. If it drops more, you can become drowsy, feel weak and even lose consciousness. Since your family members may be the first to notice that you are having a low blood glucose reaction, they must know how to help.
The only way to be sure of your blood glucose level is by testing blood from your fingertip. Although some meters offer alternate site testing on areas like the arm, the fingertip is the best place to test when you think you are having a low blood glucose reaction. Blood in the fingertip is the first to show glucose changes.
If your blood glucose measures less than four mmol/L, you must treat it by taking in 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrate. You might use three glucose tablets, three-quarters of a cup of regular pop, or eight hard candies. Test again within 15 minutes. If it is still low, treat the symptoms again.
Treatment changes when blood glucose levels are severely low. If you are conscious and able to swallow, 20 grams of fast-acting carbohydrate should be given to you. For instance, four glucose tablets or four teaspoons of sugar or honey might be used.
If you are unconscious, someone must give you glucagon by injection and call 911. Your blood glucose must be rechecked in 15 minutes and treated if it is less than four mmol/L.
Once your blood glucose is safely above four, have the meal or snack you usually would at that time of day. If a meal is more than an hour away, eat a snack (with carbohydrates and protein) to sustain your blood glucose. If you experience severe or frequent low blood glucose reactions, your body loses its ability to recognize them (called hypoglycemia unawareness). The only way to prevent this lack of awareness is to prevent low blood glucose reactions.
If the insulin the body makes is not used appropriately, or not enough insulin is given, you will experience high blood glucose. The symptoms are recognizable – you may be very thirsty, very tired and have to urinate often. You must test to find out the range of your blood glucose levels.
When there is not enough insulin, the body breaks down fat and muscle as a fuel source. This releases ketones into the blood stream. Ketones alter the chemical balance in the body, which can make you even sicker, and ketoacidosis may develop. When your blood glucose is over 14 mmol/L, test for ketones.
With type 2 diabetes, high blood glucose numbers may mean that your current treatment is not working. Even a few days of nausea, vomiting or diarrhea can put your electrolytes and blood glucose severely outside normal ranges. In this case, medical help is necessary. Go to the doctor or hospital. For both types of diabetes, you need to have a sick plan before illness strikes. Talk to your doctor or diabetes educator to make a sick day plan so you know when to call for help. Blood and urine ketone testing strips are available at your local pharmacy.
If your blood glucose is consistently outside the target ranges, talk to your doctor about changing your medications. Those with type 2 diabetes may need insulin as their diabetes progresses. It can be used short-term during an illness or long-term to help control blood glucose levels.
Everyone needs physical activity to keep our minds and bodies healthy. One benefit of physical activity is that it makes the body more sensitive to the effects of insulin. If you take insulin or medications to increase your body’s insulin production, you must test before you exercise to ensure that your blood glucose levels are safe.
Depending on the activity, you may need to eat some carbohydrates to keep your blood glucose levels above four mmol/L. The amount of carbohydrate you require depends on the type and intensity of the activity. If you feel the symptoms of low blood glucose while you exercise, check your glucose level and treat it if necessary.
Physical activity can lower blood glucose for up to 24 hours, so test often during the day or so after adding a new exercise to your routine.
Those with diabetes have many choices. A variety of meters are available for purchase. You can choose different foods or portions of foods to fit in your goal ranges. Testing with your meter gives you an idea of how your body is managing the food you have eaten. If you test before you drive, you will be a safer driver.
Testing your blood glucose to manage your diabetes can help you enjoy a healthier lifestyle and avoid the complications of diabetes. Check your blood glucose to take some snapshots of how you and your body are managing the lifelong condition called diabetes.
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A bill that would have placed new obstacles in the way of local boards of education attempting to ensure all West Virginia students receive the state-mandated 180 days a year of instruction has been vetoed by Gov. Joe Manchin. He was right to reject the measure.
A law providing county school boards more flexibility in setting school calendars already is in place. It was enacted in an attempt to help counties cope with "snow days" and other interruptions. Particularly this winter, some counties were forced to cancel classes many times. That will make it difficult, if not impossible, for them to meet the 180-day mandate.
One means of helping them is included in the school calendar bill. It allows districts to begin classes earlier and end them later than normally allowed under the law. In normal circumstances, classes can begin no earlier than Aug. 26 each year and must end no later than June 8.
After passing that bill, legislators apparently came under pressure from school employee groups who wanted more influence in setting schedules. The result was a bill requiring a cumbersome process by which counties would have had to establish special committees, including school employees, to recommend schedules. Employee groups then would have been required to vote on the options.
As Manchin pointed out, the whole idea behind the initial school calendar bill was to give districts more flexibility. The vetoed measure would have taken away much of it.
Again, Manchin was right to reject the bill. It would have been a step backward - and West Virginia cannot afford that.
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Hello, I'm new to this forum but have been driven here because I have yet to figure out how certain things in XML and XSLT work.
I'm trying to figure out how to link two pages together. I understand enough about XML and XSLT and have managed to get a working .htm page, however, I cannot understand or figure out how to link two pages together, and it's been driving me nuts.
The reason I cannot figure this out is because when I render an XSLT document in Dreamweaver it outputs a temporary .htm page, ok cool. So if I need to link to another page, I can't ask the browser to open up a .xslt page because it does not know how to display this, so I need to link to the actual .htm or .html page. However, since the XML and XSLT has not been parsed yet for the second page, I can't exactly link to something I don't know the filename to.
I've been having this trouble for years not and cannot proceed with my knowledge of data-drive web development because I always hit this road block. Is there something I am missing?
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Video: Intro to 3D TV
Get the scoop on 3D TV, including how it works and what you need to watch 3D at home.
Steve: We've been hearing from lots of people about 3D. They've seen 3D movies at the theater, like Avatar, and they want to be able to watch 3D at home on their TVs. So in this video I'm going to cover the basics of how 3D TV works and then I'll tell you exactly what you need to get it at home. Now right now there's not a lot of 3D content available, but 3D TVs also give you an excellent picture with everything you watch, non-3D stuff too. So if you're shopping for a new TV, you might want to consider a 3D TV because you'll get a fantastic picture now and then you'll be ready when there's more 3D content available.
3D movies are actually filmed using two cameras to simulate what we see with both of our eyes and our brains combine those two perspectives and that's what creates the 3D effect. What's tricky is making sure that you have precisely the right perspective for each eye. Different TV manufacturers are using slightly different approaches, but most 3D TVs use a special screen that can display two versions of an image at the same time. And it does that by alternating video frames very quickly so that the left eye and the right eye have slightly different versions. And because of that if you're watching a 3D TV and you're not wearing special glasses the image is going to look blurry.
Now if you've seen a 3D movie in a theater, you're used to the idea of 3D glasses, but active 3D glasses are quite different from the theater experience. These are wireless, battery powered liquid-crystal "shutter" glasses, and that sounds complicated, but it's really not. The 3D TV sends out infrared signals to control the timing of the glasses, so either the left or the right lenses darken and block out the image in sync with what's on the TV screen. So your right and left eyes each see the correct version at the correct time. Our brains are wired for 3D. That's how the world looks to us every day. So our brains interpret the two images from a 3D TV screen the same way it does the perspectives from our two eyes.
A newer technology to home 3D entertainment is passive 3D TV. With passive TVs and glasses the experience is similar to how you watch 3D in the theater. The TV and glasses use polarizing filters so each eye sees a different image. The advantages of this technology are that the glasses are much lighter, much less expensive, and they don't need batteries. And also the viewing range is wider. But there is a loss of resolution which may be noticeable to viewers who are particular about picture quality, especially on larger size screens.
If you want 3D TV at home, here's what you'll need. First, you need a TV that's designed for 3D and that can be an LCD, including an LED illuminated LCD, or a plasma TV. You'll also need 3D glasses for everyone who is going to be watching. And you want to be sure that the glasses are compatible with your TV which will usually mean buying glasses that are the same brand as the TV. Then you'll need a 3D video signal. Now most 3D TVs will be able to convert 2D video to 3D, but for 3D video that looks best you want something that was originally shot in 3D. And your options there are 3D Blu-ray players and movies, and then we've also heard that there'll be more and more channels offering 3D content as it becomes more established.
To connect a 3D video source component to your 3D TV, you're going to need an HDMI cable, and most recent good quality HDMI cables should work fine, especially if they're two meters or shorter. Now for longer lengths, you should look for a cable that's designed to handle higher data speeds because sending 3D video to a 3D TV is almost like sending two 1080p video signals simultaneously. You can visit crutchfield.com/HDMIinfo for more details on HDMI cables.
So is 3D TV for you? Obviously it's worth looking into if you like the way 3D looks in the movie theater and would like to have that experience at home. Or if you just want the most advanced screen technology for the best looking 2D picture on everything else you watch a 3D TV might be a good choice.
For more information on 3D TV visit crutchfield.com/3Dinfo or you can email or chat with us online. Or just call Crutchfield and talk to one of our advisers.
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Feb. 25, 2002
CONTACT: Ward Mullens
THE "SILENT MALE" PERPETUATES THE MOTHER-IN-LAW PROBLEM
EMU's Allen Ehrlich, professor of sociology, has researched
the "mother-in-law problem" in American culture and concludes
that in addition to the wife and her mother-in-law, the husband is a crucial
third player in perpetuating or resolving conflict.
"Many times the husband views the dispute between his wife
and his mother as their problem. Men write off the conflict as a female
problem and don't want to get involved," Ehrlich said, "but men
must become involved."
In his study, Ehrlich surveyed 106 subjects -- 84 females and 22 males -- and found that men perceive themselves as victims in a no-win situation. "Whatever the husband does is going to alienate either his mother or wife, so he becomes the silent male. This non-supportive response sends a message to the wife that there are strong maternal ties that supersede the husband's loyalties to her," said Ehrlich. Through his inaction, the "silent male" husband contributes to the problem.
Ehrlich's study "Power, Control and the Mother-in-Law Problem: Face-Offs in the American Nuclear Family" is included in the recently published book, "New Directions in Anthropological Kinship," Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2001.
Contact: Allen S. Ehrlich, professor, department of sociology
Phone: 734.668.6432 (home)
Hours Available: 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., M-F
YOUNG JOB SEEKERS SHOULD LOOK
AT RETIREMENT PLANS OFFERED BY EMPLOYERS
"Saving for retirement in your twenties can result in a very comfortable retirement," said EMU's Gwen Reichbach, director, National Institute for Consumer Education. "Make time work for you."
She advises that even when looking for a first job, young people should consider an employer's retirement plan. "Check into whether the company has a retirement plan and if so, sign up right away and contribute at least the amount that is matched by the employer," said Reichbach.
If you save $2,000 every year from age 21 until 31 and never add to the fund again, at 65 years old, you will have more money than someone who saved $2,000 per year from age 31 until 65. "That's the beauty of compounding," she said.
Reichbach will be working on a plan for the Generation
XÀ when she attends the 2002 National Summit on Retirement Savings,
Feb. 27 to March 1, in Washington, D.C. In reaching their goal of helping
all Americans retire with security and dignity, the Summit delegates will
develop action plans for each generation: Greatest, Boomer, Generation X and
Millennial. She is 200 delegates selected nationwide and one of only two from
Contacts: Gwen Reichbach, director, National Institute for Consumer Education
Phone: 734.487.2292 (office)
Hours Available: 8:30 a.m. to 7 p.m.
EMU PROGRAM HELPS DETROIT AND FLINT
SCHOOLS MEET TEACHER SHORTAGES
Substitute teachers used to be in the classroom for a couple of days and then move on. But, according to EMU's Regina George, director of the Urban Education Program, more substitutes are teaching long-term in the Detroit and Flint school systems.
To help these urban school systems meet their critical teacher shortages, Eastern Michigan University is offering an Urban Teacher Certification Program. Non-certified teachers are offered an opportunity to become certified while continuing to teach in their current positions.
"These teachers have a passion, an energy and a commitment
to children, but they don't possess certification credentials," said
George. The program provides non-certified teachers with the opportunity to
complete a set of required courses and field experiences leading to certification
while remaining employed in Detroit and Flint area public schools. Upon successful
completion of all program requirements and state tests, participants become
eligible for Michigan certification.
Contact: Regina George, director, Urban Education Program
Phone: 734.487.7120, ext. 2566 (office), 734.662.3943 (home)
Hours Available: 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., M-F (office)
Evenings and Saturdays (home)
EMU SAFETY TRAINING HELPS WATER AND SEWER EMPLOYEES
GET THE PIPES FLOWING
Next time you pass a crew huddling around a sewer and think, "what a crappy job," or "our tax dollars at work," think again. That team could very well be determining what respiratory protection will best protect them while they're fixing pipes or unclogging sewers filled with oils, roots or debris.
"Water and sewer work is more dangerous than offensive," said Mark Neal, retired fire chief of Westland, Mich. "Sixty-six percent of workers that die in confined spaces are in water and sewer work. They have to learn how to monitor the air quality of a sewer or equally tight space and protect themselves in order to continue the job."
Employees of the Detroit Water and Sewer Department spent a
week with trainers from Eastern Michigan University's Center for Organizational
Risk Reduction (CORR) doing just that. "Confined Space Entry" is
just one of the more than 40 different health and safety programs offered
to local and national businesses, industry and organized labor.
Contact: Pamela Hill, director, Center for Organizational
Phone: 734.487.6988 (office)
Hours Available: 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., M-F
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Inspections, Compliance, Enforcement, and Criminal Investigations
Allergy Inspection Guide (4/01)
GUIDANCE ON INSPECTIONS OF FIRMS PRODUCING FOOD PRODUCTS SUSCEPTIBLE TO CONTAMINATION WITH ALLERGENIC INGREDIENTS
This guidance is reference material for investigators and other FDA personnel. The guidance does not bind FDA and does not confer any rights, privileges, benefits or immunities for or on any person(s). An alternative approach may be used if such an approach satisfies the applicable statutes, regulations or both.
August 2001 (Editorial Changes Only)
Prior to conducting inspections involving any manufacturer using ingredients that are considered allergens, review the general inspectional instructions in the Investigations Operations Manual (IOM) Chapter 5 -Establishment Inspections, particularly those in IOM 530 -Food Inspections; and review Compliance Program 7321.005 -Domestic NLEA, Nutrient Sample Analysis and General Food Labeling Program and Compliance Policy Guide Section 555.250, titled “Statement of Policy for Labeling and Preventing Cross-contact of Common Food Allergens”.
Each year the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) receives reports of consumers who experienced adverse reactions following exposure to an allergenic substance in foods. Food allergies are abnormal responses of the immune system, especially the production of allergen-specific IgE antibodies to naturally occurring proteins in certain foods that most individuals can eat safely. Frequently such reactions occur because the presence of the allergenic substance in the food is not declared on the food label. Current regulations require that all added ingredients be declared on the label, yet there are a number of issues that have arisen in connection with undeclared allergens that are not clearly covered by label regulations. This guidance covers the following problem areas:
- Products that contain one or more allergenic ingredients, but the label does not declare the ingredient in the ingredient statement;
- Products that become contaminated with an allergenic ingredient due to the firm's failure to exercise adequate control procedures, e.g. improper rework practices, allergen carry-over due to use of common equipment and production sequencing, inadequate cleaning;
- Products that are contaminated with an allergenic ingredient due to the nature of the product or the process; i.e., use of common equipment in chocolate manufacturing where interim wet cleaning is not practical and only dry cleaning and product flushing is used;
- A product containing a flavor ingredient that has an allergenic component, but the label of the product only declares the flavor, e.g., natural flavor. Under current regulations, firms are not required to declare the individual components of flavors, certain colors, and spices. However, firms are encouraged to specifically label allergenic components/ingredients that are in spices, flavors, and colors;
- Products that contain a processing aid that have an allergenic component, but the label does not declare it. Processing aids that contain allergenic ingredients are not exempt from ingredient declaration under the incidental additives regulation (21 CFR 101.100(a)(3)), and therefore, must be declared.
FDA believes there is scientific consensus that the following foods can cause serious allergic reactions in some individuals and account for more than 90% of all food allergies:
If you are requested to do a follow-up investigation involving an allergic reaction which appears to be caused by an undeclared food other than the eight foods listed above, then contact the CFSAN / Office of Field Programs regulatory contact listed in the compliance program for guidance.
Determine whether the firm identifies potential sources of allergens starting in the product development stage. For example, do they identify for each product all ingredients, ingredient components, processing aids, rework, processing steps, environmental conditions, and product carry over due to use of common equipment? Are potential sources of allergen contamination identified at each step?
Determine whether the products contain allergenic ingredients. For the most frequently produced products, request formulas. If formula information is refused, construct formulations by observing production.
Determine if the firm has assessed whether the packaging material used in direct contact with the product contains an allergen; e.g., foil coated with wheat ingredient as releasing agent.
Does the firm use processing aids in the manufacture of the food? If so, do the processing aids contain allergenic ingredients? If so, what are the allergenic ingredients?
Does the firm use spices, flavors, or colors that contain allergenic components? If so, do these spices, flavors or colors contain allergenic ingredients? If so, what are the allergenic ingredients?
Determine whether the firm uses allergenic ingredients.
Determine how these allergenic ingredients are handled at receiving and how they are identified and/or segregated in raw material storage.
Determine if the firm stores any of these allergenic ingredients in bulk tanks. If yes, how are the contents of the bulk tanks identified?
Determine what the firm’s procedure is for receiving ingredients into the bulk tank and what controls are in place to ensure proper product identity at all times.
Determine if the firm receives any raw materials that are labeled with a statement, such as "this product was processed on machinery that was used to process products containing (allergen)" or "may contain (allergen)". If so what ingredients? How are such statements reflected on the label of the firm’s finished product?
Determine whether a label from each incoming lot of finished product labels is visually checked, either upon receipt or during production, to ensure the ingredient statement is correct for the intended product and that it is not a carton of mixed labels.
Try to inspect the equipment before processing begins and document the adequacy of clean up. For example, is there a build up of residual materials or pockets of residue in corners that may contain an allergen from previous runs? What is the condition of the conveyor belts? Is there any product build-up above processing zones? Also observe whether the firm checks the processing lines for cleanliness prior to production and whether they maintain a record of the check. Is this simply a visual check or does the firm use another method?
Determine whether the firm uses a Clean-In-Place system for cleaning fixed lines, e.g. pipelines and tanks. If so, how do they ensure that the interior surfaces of the welds in the lines are smooth and will not entrap material during operation? Are the pipes free from dents?
Determine if equipment is cleanable, e.g. stainless steel, accessible for cleaning.
Determine if the firm has a written procedure for cleaning. Does the cleaning procedure include how to clean and at what frequency the equipment is cleaned? Describe procedure.
Determine if equipment and production lines are shared to process different products.
Determine if shared equipment is cleaned in between production of a product that contains allergens and one that does not, e.g. full clean-up with detergent and water.
Determine what control measures, if any, are used by the firm to prevent the contamination of products that do not contain allergens? What control measures does the firm employ? At what steps in production are the control measures instituted?
Determine how the firm separates the production of those products that contain allergens from those that do not contain such ingredients. Is cross-contact likely to occur, e.g., airborne food particles, dust, allergen product residues from equipment, etc.?
Determine if unpackaged, exposed product on the processing line is handled in a way that protects it against contamination.
Determine if shared processing lines (equipment) are used. If yes, is allergen-containing product processed first or last?
Determine what is done with the portion of the product that is a mixture of the non-allergen product and allergen product, e.g., is it sent to waste or for animal feed or reworked?
Determine whether the firm reworks product, and if they only rework like products. How is rework controlled? Is rework inventory reconciled at the end of the day?
Determine how product to be reworked is stored and identified. Are rework containers clearly labeled?
Determine how such rework holding vessels and containers are cleaned and stored.
FINAL PRODUCT TESTING
Determine if the firm performs final product testing for the presence of allergens in products not intended to contain allergens. If so, for which allergens, and how is the testing documented?
Determine what method of analysis is used and the sensitivity of that method.
Determine if the testing is routine or periodic.
Note: You should use these questions solely for information gathering purposes. If the firm asks if FDA has methods for detecting allergens, your response should be that FDA has not yet designated any method of allergen testing for regulatory purposes. There are several commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) kits for food allergens available in the marketplace. Currently, FDA is evaluating some of these kits and is also cooperating with kit manufacturers to conduct international collaborative studies to evaluate the performance of some of the ELISA-based methods.
Determine if finished product label controls are employed, e.g., how are labels delivered to the filling and/or packaging area?
Determine if product labels with similar appearances but different ingredients are controlled to ensure that the correct label is applied to correct product.
Determine if finished product packages are inspected prior to distribution to ensure that an allergen containing product is labeled properly, or that labels are inspected during production. Is that inspection documented?
Determine if secondary ingredients are incorporated in the final product ingredient statement, e.g. the raw material mayonnaise, which contains eggs, oil and vinegar.
Determine if the firm uses a statement such as "this product was processed on machinery that was used to process products containing (allergen)" or a statement such as "may contain (allergen)" if the firm uses shared equipment for products that contain and products that do not contain allergens. Any other such statement? Ask the firm why they believe they have to use the advisory statement.
Determine if the finished product label reflects any advisory statements that were on the raw material labels, e.g., "this product was processed on machinery that was used to process products containing (allergen)".
Determine if the firm has a system to identify finished products made with rework containing allergenic ingredients. Does the final product label identify the allergens that may have been in the reworked product?
INSPECTION/DOCUMENTATION/ESTABLISHMENT INSPECTION REPORT
It is extremely important that each Establishment Inspection Report (EIR) contain complete, precise, and detailed descriptions of the entire operation. The investigator must attempt to fully identify or demonstrate the likely sources of and possible routes of contamination of the product with undeclared allergen ingredients.
The critical points in the food manufacturing operation should be identified and special attention given to these areas.
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Methane Burps and "Chimneys" From Quickly Warming Arctic
Photo Vinay Deep @ flickr.
Global warming is happening at an accelerated pace and may have reached its tipping point in the Arctic. That has some scientists worried that powerful emissions of methane from permafrost peatlands as well as from the warming Arctic ocean bottom are already upon us.
Methane bubbles and peat bog belches
Swedish researchers have been in Lappland last month drilling holes in peat bogs and at higher points on what are called "peat plateaus" - up to 700 meters above sea level - to test the permafrost's temperature at various depths. What surprised them was that even deep down the temperature was hovering near or around zero degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit), which leads then to believe that the permafrost defrost is seriously underway. "We could see bubbles on the lakes [in the bogs] and a lot of that bubbling is methane," said researcher Britta Sannel. That's important for a couple of reasons. The first is that the warming of permafrost is faster than predicted, and the positive feedback loop - that's not at all positive! - could be in place.The second is that the subsequent global warming gas methane being belched from permafrost defrosting and burped up from the warming Arctic sea bottom are not included in official IPCC predictions, and researchers are discovering there's more GHGs stored in permafrost than we thought. So the picture of how much we must expect to be emitted and how much more we need to offset and reduce gets a little bit bleaker, and is moving so fast that scientists can barely keep up. While Sweden has only a small area of these permafrost peatlands, there are huge swaths in Russia and Canada, and their thawing and gas releases was hoped to be avoided.
Methane chimneys puffing off the Arctic ocean bottom
In an earlier research expedition this summer, the Russian-Swedish International Siberian Shelf Study went around actually hunting methane emissions - and they found them. Not only bubbles of methane rising off the sea bottom, but also methane "chimneys" - columns of potent methane gas that are strong enough that they don't break apart while journeying to the surface but rise straight up and burst into the air. Via ::Forskning.se (Swedish)
Melting Arctic Ice Increases Permafrost Thaw Farther Inland Than Previously Thought
Reindeer Herders Latest Casualties to Fast-Changing Arctic Climate
The Great Arctic Ice Cap Break-Up: Scientists Discover Network of Cracks on Ward Hunt
Steger, Branson, Ekran Heading Across Arctic in Bid to Demonstrate Drastic Change In Real Time for Schools, Public
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Direct experience of extreme weather events increases concern about climate change and willingness to engage in energy-saving behaviour, according to a new research paper published in the first edition of the journal Nature Climate Change this week.
In particular, members of the British public are more prepared to take personal action and reduce their energy use when they perceive their local area has a greater vulnerability to flooding, according to the research by Cardiff and Nottingham universities.
Although no single flooding event can be attributed to climate change, Britain has experienced a series of major flood events over the past decade, something which is expected to increase in years to come as a result of climate change.
Psychologist Dr Alexa Spence, now at the University of Nottingham, said: "We know that many people tend to see climate change as distant, affecting other people and places. However experiences of extreme weather events like flooding have the potential to change the way people view climate change, by making it more real and tangible, and ultimately resulting in greater intentions to act in sustainable ways."
The research team and Ipsos-MORI surveyed 1,822 members of the British public to test whether personal experience of flooding had affected perceptions about climate change. They also looked at whether those perceptions would affect respondents' intentions regarding energy use. The study revealed that people who reported flooding experiences had significantly different perceptions of climate change, compared to those who had not experienced flooding. These perceptions were, in turn related to a greater preparedness to save energy. In particular:
Professor Nick Pidgeon, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, who led the research team added: "This important study provides the first solid evidence for something which has been suspected for some time – that people's local experience of climate related events such as flooding will promote higher awareness of the issue. As a result it suggests new ways for engaging people with this most important and pressing of environmental issues."
The research was jointly funded by the Economic and Social Research Council and the Leverhulme Trust. Additional support was received from Horizon Digital Economy Research.
Notes for editors 1. For further information or to arrange an interview with Dr Alexa Spence or Professor Nick Pidgeon, please contact Victoria Dando, Cardiff University Public Relations Office: Tel: (0)29 2087 9074, e-mail: DandoV2@cardiff.ac.uk.
2. The survey was designed and conducted by the Understanding Risk group, an interdisciplinary social sciences research unit based at the Cardiff University School of Psychology. We research the acceptability to individuals and communities of technological and environmental risks (See: www.understanding-risk.org). Alexa Spence was part of the research team at Cardiff University, but moved to The University of Nottingham in July 2010, and has led on the new Nature Climate Change paper.
3. A full copy of the paper will be available to journalists in advance from the Nature Climate Change editorial office or from one of the authors. But the content is strictly embargoed until Sunday 20th March 2011 at 18:00 GMT (14:00 US Eastern Time). The full reference is: Spence A., Poortinga, W., Butler, C., and Pidgeon, N.F. (2011) Perceptions of climate change and willingness to act sustainably influenced by flood experiences. Nature Climate Change http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE1059
4. The survey was conducted in Britain by the market and opinion research company Ipsos-MORI (www.ipsos -mori.com) between 5 January and 2 March 2010. A nationally representative quota sample of 1,822 people aged 15 years and older was interviewed at 315 sample points across Great Britain. The full British sample of 1,822 is based on a core sample of 1,528, to which additional booster samples from Scotland (109) and Wales (185) were added. All data have been weighted to the known profile of the British population. The data based on the sample of 1,822 are accurate to within +/- 2.6% (95 times in 100).
5. Cardiff University is recognised in independent government assessments as one of Britain's leading teaching and research universities and is a member of the Russell Group of the UK's most research intensive universities. Among its academic staff are two Nobel Laureates, including the winner of the 2007 Nobel Prize for Medicine, University President Professor Sir Martin Evans. Founded by Royal Charter in 1883, today the University combines impressive modern facilities and a dynamic approach to teaching and research. The University's breadth of expertise in research and research-led teaching encompasses: the humanities; the natural, physical, health, life and social sciences; engineering and technology; preparation for a wide range of professions; and a longstanding commitment to lifelong learning. Three major new Research Institutes, offering radical new approaches to neurosciences and mental health, cancer stem cells and sustainable places were announced by the University in 2010.
6. The ESRC is the UK's largest organisation for funding research on economic and social issues. It supports independent, high quality research which has an impact on business, the public sector and the third sector. The ESRC's total budget for 2010/11 is £218 million. At any one time the ESRC supports over 4,000 researchers and postgraduate students in academic institutions and independent research institutes. More at: www.esrc.ac.uk
7. The Leverhulme Trust was established in 1925 under the Will of the first Viscount Leverhulme. It is one of the largest all-subject providers of research funding in the UK, distributing funds of some £50 million every year. For further information about the schemes that the Leverhulme Trust fund visit their website at www.leverhulme.ac.uk
8. Horizon is a Research Institute at The University of Nottingham engaged in Digital Economy Research. Established in 2009, this venture represents an initial £40million investment by Research Councils UK, The University of Nottingham and over 40 academic and industrial partners in both a Research Hub and Doctoral Training Centre within the RCUK Digital Economy programme.
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
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Arp 148 is the staggering aftermath of an encounter between two galaxies, resulting in a ring-shaped galaxy and a long-tailed companion. The collision between the two parent galaxies produced a shockwave effect that first drew matter into the center and then caused it to propagate outwards in a ring. The elongated companion perpendicular to the ring suggests that Arp 148 is a unique snapshot of an ongoing collision. Infrared observations reveal a strong obscuration region that appears as a dark dust lane across the nucleus in optical light. Arp 148 is nicknamed Mayall s object and is located in the constellation of Ursa Major, the Great Bear, approximately 500 million light-years away. This interacting pair of galaxies is included in Arp's catalog of peculiar galaxies as number 148.
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Block 3 (Oct. 29 - Nov. 21, 2012)
As the 19th Century drew to a close, Newton’s account of mechanics and Maxwell’s exquisite description of electromagnetism seemed to cover all the laws of physics. All that remained was to detect the elusive ether that was understood to carry electromagnetic waves and perhaps to give an explanation of the radiation from a hot object (a “black body”). In 1905 Einstein provided the simplifying but shattering explanation that there is no ether and that light travels at the same speed relative to every observer. This premise destroys the intuitively appealing notion that time flows at the same rate for everyone, everywhere – now even the sequence of events can change depending on an observer’s frame of reference. In that same year of 1905, Einstein made a leap that had even greater consequences when, building upon Planck’s explanation of blackbody radiation, he proposed that light (and all electromagnetic radiation) occurred only in packets of energy called quanta. In other words, something thought to be a wave is actually a particle (or collection of particles). De Broglie proposed the converse of this idea: things thought to be particles (electrons, nuclei, baseballs…) behave like a wave. From this "wave-particle duality", physicists inevitably developed quantum mechanics, the rules that must be applied to small-scale phenomena. The consequences of these rules include Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and the even more disturbing property of indeterminacy. By 1925 a physicist trained only 30 years earlier could easily be bewildered by the new orthodoxy emerging in physics.
Prerequisite: PC 242 or equivalent
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Four Blood Pressure Secrets Big Pharma Won't Tell You
High blood pressure is a huge boon for pharmaceutical manufacturers. It affects roughly 75 million Americans, and, as with many medical conditions, most doctors are treating it by wearing out their prescription pads.
But most people aren’t getting the truth behind those blood pressure numbers:
1. Four in five blood pressure readings taken at the doctor’s office are inaccurate! Texas researchers enrolled patients with blood pressures higher than 120/80 and tested them according to the standard—but rarely followed—guidelines: sitting in a chair with a back support, feet planted on the floor and legs uncrossed for five minutes, no restrictive clothing or caffeine, and no exercise or tobacco for at least 30 minutes prior to testing. When these guidelines were followed, blood pressure readings went down significantly.
There’s a simple way to avoid this: Buy a blood pressure monitor, learn how to use it correctly, and periodically take your blood pressure at home. Do not, I repeat, do not simply accept a diagnosis of hypertension and allow your doctor to put you on the drug merry-go-round. Check and re-check your numbers, and try reducing your blood pressure through healthy lifestyle changes before you consider any pharmaceutical therapies.
2. Fixing your sodium-potassium ratio can lower your blood pressure. Human beings evolved as hunter-gatherers, on a diet virtually devoid of sodium and very high in potassium. Consequently, the kidneys tend to get rid of potassium but hang on to sodium. The solution? Eat less salt and more potassium-rich foods, including avocados, bananas, tomatoes, cantaloupe, and lima beans. In addition, try drinking Low Sodium V8 Juice each day.
3. Losing weight can reduce your blood pressure. Investigators at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas found that excess weight had a far greater impact on blood pressure than cardiorespiratory fitness. Normal-weight individuals had an average systolic blood pressure 12 mmHg lower than heavy people, even if they were only modestly fit.
4. Nutritional supplements can combat hypertension. I recommend the following daily: coenzyme Q10 200–300 mg, magnesium 400–800 mg, hawthorn 360–600 mg, fish oil 2–5 g, vitamin D 2,000–5,000 IU, and quercetin 500–750 mg.
Now it’s your turn: Have you been the victim of an erroneous blood pressure reading?
You may also be interested in:
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I’ve seen this status update floating around Facebook recently that irritates me:
How many of you were raised on bologna, biscuits & gravy, fried potatoes & soup beans, played in the dirt, got your butt busted, had 3 TV channels & it quit at ten o’clock, school started with “The Pledge,” had a bedtime, rode in back of pickup trucks, recorded the top 40 from the radio on cassette tapes, drank from a hose, played in the creek, rode your bike all day without a helmet …and you still turned out OK. (emphasis mine)
The portions in bold are the parts I find the most annoying and/or ignorant. Let’s look at those:
“Rode in the back of pickup trucks…”
Seriously? This is, without question, the most ignorant part of this paragraph. Why not also include “didn’t always use car seats or seatbelts” or “were held by our parents in the front seats as infants/children.”? Would the person who wrote this, or those who promote it, permit their child to ride freely in the cab of their car or to ride on someone’s lap in the front seat? Because if the answer is no, either of those options is a whole hell of a lot safer than allowing a child to ride in the cargo area of a pickup truck.
Passengers in the back of a pickup truck are 8x more likely to die than passengers in the cab. The fact that in years past we weren’t aware of the extent of the risks doesn’t mean we should turn a blind eye to them once they are discovered. There is no excuse to not have your child properly restrained in a vehicle.
“drank from a hose…”
On the surface, drinking from a water hose skeeves me out because roaches, birds, rats, mice, etc have probably been in the nozzle looking for a drink and I don’t want my kids putting their mouths on there. On a deeper level, do you know whether or not your hose is made with polyvinyl chloride (PVC)? If it is, you should be aware that PVC is stabilized with lead which, while sitting in your hose, seeps into the water supply and can reach concentrations of 10-100 times the allowable lead levels.
This one is the least of my concerns, really. The fact is, you can get hoses that don’t have PVC and are perfectly safe for drinking from and if you don’t have any personal hangups about the idea of roaches and rodents having sought out water from the end of your hose, then go for it. You really won’t get any judgment from me on that one. I was just sayin’…
“rode your bike all day without a helmet…”
Again, when we know better, we do better. If a bike helmet significantly decreases your child’s risk of sustaining a head injury, which could even be fatal, why wouldn’t you strap one on his/her head?
Here is the deal: No one is suggesting you have to put your kid in a bubble. Totally disregarding minimum standards of safety is just negligent, though. Driving down the interstate with young children in the back of your pickup truck should be considered reckless endangerment. It is like playing Russian roulette with your child’s life. Putting a helmet on your child just shouldn’t be considered such a hassle! Seriously. Stick the helmet on their damn head! If it cuts the risk of any degree of injury, much less decreases the risk of a potentially fatal head injury, why would you brush it off?
Keeping your children safe shouldn’t be viewed as a burden. As a parent, your child’s safety should be a top priority.
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You CAN get something for nothing in Bloomington-Normal, thanks to the West Bloomington Revitalization Project's Book Bike. Karen Schmidt, Librarian at Illinois Wesleyan University's Ames Library, is largely responsible for making the Book Bike a reality. At the downtown Farmer's Market recently, she says the Book Bike gives a lot of books away during at typical stop:
October 27th is the final Farmer's Market of the season in Bloomington, and marks the second year of the Book Bike.
Karen Schmidt says the idea behind the Book Bike is to get books into every home, and Spanish language books are in high demand. She says teachers have told her some students simply do not have books in their homes. The Book Bike also welcomes contributions, and "Bike Wranglers," to pedal the 200 pound mobile library.
Support Your Public Radio Station
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MADISON - Though in clinical use for decades, a small, sweet-tasting compound is revealing a startling new face as a potential cure for epilepsy.
2-deoxy-glucose, or 2DG, has long been used in radio labeling, medical scanning and cancer imaging studies in humans. But now, researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have found the substance also blocks the onset of epileptic seizures in laboratory rats.
Reported in the journal Nature Neuroscience, the findings have potentially huge implications for up to half of all epileptic patients who currently have no access to treatment, says senior author Avtar Roopra, a UW-Madison assistant professor of neurology.
"We pumped the rats full [of 2DG] and still saw no side effects," says Roopra, who estimates that the compound may be available for human use within five years. "I see 2DG as an epilepsy management treatment much like insulin is used to treat diabetes."
"All the available epilepsy treatments have focused on suppressing seizures," says co-author and renowned epilepsy expert Tom Sutula, a UW-Madison professor of neurology. "There has been hope that [new drugs] will not only suppress seizures, but modify their consequences. [2DG] appears to be a novel treatment that offers great promise to achieve that vision."
About 1 percent of the world's population suffers from epilepsy, a neurological condition that makes people susceptible to seizures. Scientists believe that seizures, of which there are many kinds, occur due to sudden changes in how brain cells send electrical signals to each other. In about 30 to 50 percent of epilepsy patients, available treatments - including the removal of parts of the brain's temporal lobe - are largely ineffective.
2DG is essentially a more palatable version of the "ketogenic," or sugar-free, diets that some researchers have long recommended to epilepsy patients. Indeed, the notion of a sugar-free diet actually stretches ba
Contact: Avtar Roopra
University of Wisconsin-Madison
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"Dear friend"Vasudev kutukbkam" entire world is a family, this was a teaching of our indian culture and traditional.we created countries, boundaries,religions,cast,race for a genuine reason or a false reasons for any reason.but this the…"
Dear friend "Vasudev kutukbkam" entire world is a family, this was a teaching of our indian culture and traditional. we created countries, boundaries,religions,cast,race for a genuine reason or a false reasons for any reason.but this the time to realize that we are one and we naturally interconnected with each other ,which we can just realize by watching inhale and exhale of breaths the source is same ,without any discrimination,religion, boundaries, equally for all living life of universe .When we understand this simple thing then we must understand how our and other's life is equally important, valuable ,respectable .we should follow the nature's rule ,non violence .peace ,god has given us a human life not for destruction but for look after the wellbeing of all living life. shyam
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mechanism of evolution
mikejonlamb at earthlink.net
Thu Aug 28 12:05:26 EST 1997
I saw your claim about sci.bio.evolution posting but could not find the
posting. I was curious because I have just posted (today) an observation
that the Universal code supports your claim by allowing the sharing of
gene/protein via virus messenger. Of course, if I thought of then I am
sure others have also.
The abundance of junk DNA also supports this viewpoint. I was also told
by a virus researcher that 15% of the human genome is made up of reverse
Could you guide me to your post?
More information about the Virology
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By Sonja Cheung
Just as the wind changes course, so are investment strategies in the clean-technology sector in China, with many mainland venture and private equity firms shunning mainstream solar and wind investments, for more downstream innovative products or services that support the sector, say industry experts.
The amount invested into Chinese solar and wind venture-backed deals has traditionally surpassed other segments in the clean-technology space, including energy storage and recycling. For example, in 2006, solar and wind deals together totalled $176 million, far outpacing other sub sectors including energy efficiency at $8.6 million, and waste-focused transactions at $11 million, according to data provided by VentureSource, an industry tracker owned by Dow Jones & Co., publisher of this blog.
However, in the last couple of years that has U-turned. Last year, $78 million was invested into venture-backed companies making energy efficiency products, compared with $26 million into solar focused deals, and $67 million into wind-based transactions. Likewise in 2010, energy efficiency venture-backed companies saw $220 million, far outshining the $58 million that went into solar deals, while wind transactions saw no funding at all, data show.
“Clean technology is truly shifting from large, money-bleeding projects…to smaller, but profitable and scalable technological innovations applicable in clean-tech,” said Tony Luh, a general partner and greater China president at Westly Group, a clean tech venture capital firm that also has offices in Menlo Park, Calif.
Write to SonjaCheung at email@example.com. Follow her on Twitter at @SonjaCheung
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Freed funds to buy more rail cars, construction improvements for Central Corridor projectby Dan Olson, Minnesota Public Radio
St. Paul, Minn. — Central Corridor light rail builders are discussing how to spend $155 million dollars in a contingency fund.
The contingency fund makes up about 20 percent of the cost of the estimated $957 million Central Corridor project. It's not new money. It was always built into the price tag of the project.
However, planners couldn't use any of the contingency dollars until the project reached a construction goal of 20 percent completion. The goal was met in July.
Central Corridor project manager Mark Fuhrmann said the contingency money will pay for surprises — including the discovery made by construction crews earlier this summer near where the line ends in Lowertown, east of downtown St. Paul.
"There were some 120-year-old utilities underneath Fourth Street that didn't appear on anybody's sheet, and so we had to remove those and relocate those with new utilities," Fuhrmann said. A veteran builder of seven large transit projects, Fuhrmann said polluted soil poses another unknown expense.
He said excavation for an eleven-mile rail project through two central cities inevitably reveals pockets of pollution that need to be removed and disposed of properly.
Builders will also tap the contingency fund to help pay for the additional light rail vehicles, Fuhrmann said.
The current budget will provide 41 cars which will be linked in two-car trains.
Sixteen additional cars will be purchased from Siemens at a cost of about $3.3 million each. The additional cars will be needed if light rail ridership between downtown St. Paul and Minneapolis grows as expected, Fuhrmann said.
"Sixteen additional, which will allow for three-car trains, which we've begun to need on Hiawatha and we expect we will need soon after we open on central," Fuhrmann said.
In addition, bids for building the line came in lower than expected.
Some of the available contingency funds be used to address the problem of storm water runoff.
Early budget trimming substituted less expensive concrete sidewalks along the line for permeable pavers — bricks that allow storm water to pass through into the ground.
Tapping contingency dollars puts the permeable pavers back into the project. Fuhrmann said
Crews are racing to finish as much work as possible this season before cold weather curtails construction.
Workers have erected a tall metal fence at University Ave. near Snelling Ave. to keep pedestrians and traffic out of the construction zone.
Work has reduced access to business parking lots and swallowed up on street parking.
The contingency fund is for unexpected construction costs but it may also help businesses along the corridor.
As much as $1.2 million may be used for a marketing campaign aimed at boosting business along University Ave.
Some businesses along University Ave, have complained of losing customers because of construction. There's a separate mitigation fund of $4 million for which smaller business owners can apply to receive forgivable loans of up to $20,000 to help recover lost revenue.
Steve Bernick, an owner in Milbern's, a men's clothing store located in the area for 60 years, supports using contingency money to improve the light rail project, and said he'll likely apply to the mitigation fund.
He worries, however, the business loan fund will come up short.
"We all want to look nice and be beautiful, but we have to have some businesses to survive along the avenue for it to be functional," Bernick said.
The Metropolitan Council is expected to decide by the end of the September how to use some of the money from the contingency fund.
Addtionally, $34 million have become available because contractors came in with construction bids lower than were anticipated.
While most of the legal challenges to Central Corridor have been settled, still pending is a lawsuit filed by Minnesota Public Radio.
MPR is suing the Metropolitan Council over concerns about noise and vibration to the company's headquarters right next to the line.
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Children have the power to change the world...
Kids helping kids - that's what this page is all about!
Welcome to the Helping Hands page. You'll learn about organizations that help people in need around the globe. These organizations do many different things so that children have the water, food, and shelter they need. Every child has certain 'rights' that you probably read about on the Children's Rights page. On this page, you'll learn about many organizations that make sure kids and families get those rights so they can survive. You can help children and families by raising money for any of the organizations listed below. There are many ways YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE in the lives of children and families who are less fortunate than you are.
Kids have the power to be part of the solution to some very tough problems facing our world!
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By DONALD J. SIRACUSA
England’s High Court found 11 untruths in Al Gore’s movie, “An Inconvenient Truth.”
The Science Channel show “Climate Weirding” and others admit scientists are not sure what is going on in our solar system. Scientists recently found sun spots change every 11 years and recently discovered the sun has a 300-year cycle which could be the cause of global warming.
My opinion comes from the facts. Al wants us to use efficient light bulbs as he and his friends fly around the world in thousands of almost-empty private jets, polluting the air, instead of using first-class space on commercial airlines.
In the 1970s, manufacturers had invented and were selling to better-informed homeowners the 95-percent efficient furnace but still sold the more popular 79-to-81-percent efficient furnaces that wastes up fossil fuel going up the chimney.
Why doesn’t Al have the millions of less-efficient furnaces still being sold taken off the market? Multiple choices of fuel and clean energy are being invented and improved every day by private industry.
I do not want to pay a carbon tax that will disappear into the U.S. Government abyss and add to the millions already made by Al.
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Most Active Stories
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Tue March 27, 2012
Datebook: March 27 - Evansville, Indiana Founded 200 Years Ago
Evansville, Indiana - located on a horseshoe bend of the Ohio River - as settled by immigrants 200 years ago. On March 27, 1812, Hugh McCary Jr. bought land for the settlement which he called McGary's Landing. In 1914, he renamed the village "Evansville" in honor of Colonel Bob Evans, an officer under General William Henry Harrison in the War of 1812. It was soon after named the county seat of Vanderburgh County. Evansville became a thriving commercial town involved in river trade. Today, Evansville is the largest city in Southern Indiana, with a population of roughly 360,000. In 2008, it was voted the best city in the country in which "to live, work, and play" by Kiplinger.
It’s Tuesday, March 27
There’s a Dancing with the Stars event in Martin tomorrow night benefiting Relay for Life. The event begins at 7 PM in the Skyhawk Fieldhouse Gym located on the campus of UT Martin. Votes are $1 apiece, and the couple raising the most money will be declared the winner. For more information, contact Linda Ramsey at 587-5549.
The Murray-Calloway County Hospital Blood Donor Center will be hosting a blood drive tomorrow night from 5 to 9 at New Harmony Mennonite Church, located at 83 Honeybee Lane in Murray. All blood types are needed, but especially O-Negative and O-Positive blood. For more information, call 762-1119.
The NWS Peace Program seeks host families for high school students from various countries for the upcoming school year. The students are 15 to 18 years old and will begin arriving in August to spend five to ten months attending a local high school. For more information about becoming a host family, visit nw-services.com.
Find more community events at wkms.org.
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Hack and / - Linux Troubleshooting, Part III: Remote Networks
This column is the third in a series dedicated to one of my favorite subjects: troubleshooting. Because my column generally is aimed more at tips and tricks and less on philosophy and design, I don't talk much about overall approaches to problem solving. Instead, in this series, I describe some general classes of problems you might find on a Linux system, and then I discuss how to use common tools, most of which are probably already on your system, to isolate and resolve each class of problem.
In my previous column, I introduced some ways to troubleshoot network problems on your local network. Many network problems extend past your local network and either onto other local subnets or onto the Internet itself. In this column, I provide you with the tools and techniques for answering that immortal question: is the Internet down, or is it just me?
The scenario I use here to test troubleshooting skills is one that everyone has run into at one point or another—you try to load a Web site, perhaps even a reliable site like Google, and it won't come up. Because I covered local network troubleshooting in my last column, I'm assuming you already have gone through those steps and are ready to proceed past the local network. Even though this example deals with testing access to the Internet, you can use the same steps to troubleshoot problems accessing any remote network.
For your computer to communicate with any other computer outside your local network, you must have a gateway (router) configured on your local network, and you must be able to reach it. Without getting into heavy-duty network theory, a router connects two or more networks and knows how to route packets between those networks. Your Linux computer has a list of all of the routers it knows about for each network of which it is a member and when it should use those routers all stored in its routing table. You can use the route command to show your computer's current routing table:
$ route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.1.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 default 10.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
In the above example, I have one gateway defined: 10.1.1.1. It is listed as my default gateway, which is the router it will use whenever it doesn't have any other routers defined for that network. In my case, it's also the only router in my routing table. That means any time my machine wants to communicate with a remote network (in my example, anything that's not within 10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0 or 10.1.1.1–10.1.1.254), it's going to send the packet to 10.1.1.1 to forward on.
So now that I know my default gateway, I use ping to test whether it's available:
$ ping -c 5 10.1.1.1 PING 10.1.1.1 (10.1.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.1.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=3.13 ms 64 bytes from 10.1.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=1.43 ms 64 bytes from 10.1.1.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.79 ms 64 bytes from 10.1.1.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=1.50 ms --- 10.1.1.1 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 4 received, 20% packet loss, time 4020ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.436/1.966/3.132/0.686 ms
In this example, four out of five ping packets were received, so I can be reasonably sure my gateway works. If I couldn't ping the gateway, either my network admin is blocking ICMP packets (I hate when people do that), my switch port is set to the wrong VLAN, or my gateway is truly down. If the gateway is down, fixing the problem might mean rebooting your DSL or wireless router (if that's how you connect to the Internet) or moving your troubleshooting to whatever device is acting as your gateway.
In my case, I was able to ping the gateway, so I'm ready to move on to DNS. Because most of us don't browse the Web by IP address, we need DNS to resolve the hostnames we type into IP addresses. If DNS isn't working correctly, even if we technically can reach that remote IP address, we never will know what the IP address is.
A basic way to test DNS is via the nslookup command:
$ nslookup www.linuxjournal.com Server: 10.2.2.2 Address: 10.2.2.2#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: www.linuxjournal.com Address: 22.214.171.124
In this example, DNS is functioning correctly as far as I can tell. I say as far as I can tell, because I'm assuming that 126.96.36.199 is the correct IP address for www.linuxjournal.com. If it were the wrong address, that very well could be the cause of the problem! The DNS server in this case is 10.2.2.2, but in some environments, it could be the same IP address as your gateway.
Even though the DNS server worked, because I want to show how to troubleshoot DNS, I need some examples of how it can fail. To illustrate this, let me show a few different nslookup commands that have failed:
$ nslookup www.linuxjournal.com ;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached
This error tells me that nslookup couldn't communicate with my DNS server. That could be because either I don't have any name servers configured on my system or I just can't reach them. To see whether I have any name servers configured, I would check my /etc/resolv.conf file. This file keeps track of what name servers I should use. In my case, it would look like this:
search example.net nameserver 10.2.2.2
If your resolv.conf file doesn't have a name server entry, you have found the problem. You need to add the IP address of your name server here. Because I do have a name server defined in resolv.conf, the next step is to attempt to ping the name server's IP with the same ping command that I used for the gateway above. If you can't ping the name server, either a firewall is blocking ICMP (those pesky network administrators!) or there's a routing problem between you and the name server. To rule out the latter, use a tool called traceroute. Traceroute tests the route between you and a remote IP address. To use it, type traceroute followed by the IP address you want to reach. In my case, I would use 10.2.2.2:
$ traceroute 10.2.2.2 traceroute to 10.2.2.2 (10.2.2.2), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 10.1.1.1 (10.1.1.1) 5.432 ms 5.206 ms 5.472 ms 2 10.2.2.2 (10.2.2.2) 8.039 ms 8.348 ms 8.643 ms
In this example, I can route to 10.2.2.2 successfully. To get there, my packets first go to 10.1.1.1 and then move straight to 10.2.2.2. This tells me that 10.1.1.1 is likely the gateway for both networks. If there are more routers between you and your remote server, you will have more hops in between. On the other hand, if you do have a routing problem, your output might look more like the following:
$ traceroute 10.2.2.2 traceroute to 10.2.2.2 (10.2.2.2), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 10.1.1.1 (10.1.1.1) 5.432 ms 5.206 ms 5.472 ms 2 * * * 3 * * *
If you start seeing asterisks in the output, you know the problem likely begins on the last router on the list, so you would need to start troubleshooting from that router. Instead, you might see output like this:
$ traceroute 10.1.2.5 traceroute to 10.1.2.5 (10.1.2.5), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 10.1.1.1 (10.1.1.1) 5.432 ms 5.206 ms 5.472 ms 1 10.1.1.1 (10.1.1.1) 3006.477 ms !H 3006.779 ms !H 3007.072 ms
This means your ping timed out at the gateway, so the remote host could be down, unplugged or otherwise inaccessible, so you would need to troubleshoot its connection to the network.
Note: traceroute relies on ICMP, so if ICMP is blocked on your network, install a tool called tcptraceroute to perform a similar test over TCP (the syntax is the same, you just type tcptraceroute instead of traceroute).
If you can ping the name server but it isn't responding to you, go back to my previous column and perform all the troubleshooting steps to test whether the remote port is open and accessible on the remote host. Keep in mind though that DNS servers use port 53 on TCP and UDP. Again, if you aren't sure what port a service uses, check the /etc/services file on your system. It lists most of the common services you will use.
Kyle Rankin is a systems architect; and the author of DevOps Troubleshooting, The Official Ubuntu Server Book, Knoppix Hacks, Knoppix Pocket Reference, Linux Multimedia Hacks, and Ubuntu Hacks.
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|Designing Electronics with Linux||May 22, 2013|
|Dynamic DNS—an Object Lesson in Problem Solving||May 21, 2013|
|Using Salt Stack and Vagrant for Drupal Development||May 20, 2013|
|Making Linux and Android Get Along (It's Not as Hard as It Sounds)||May 16, 2013|
|Drupal Is a Framework: Why Everyone Needs to Understand This||May 15, 2013|
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Age: 14 years old
Size: 48" long. (She will not grow much longer).
Food: A rat or gerbil once every three or four weeks
Family: Ball Python
Lifespan: About 20 Years
Adopted: January 2000
Why a pet snake?
When the library expanded, we wanted to have a library pet or mascot. Since many people have allergies to animal dander, we had to rule out more traditional pets like cats, dogs, and guinea pigs. When considering other animals, we wanted a low maintenance pet that didn't require daily care during weekends and an animal that people would enjoy seeing. A snake seemed like an ideal choice. Love them or fear them, most people are fascinated by snakes, especially children.
Since joining the library staff, Rocksssanne has become a favorite with the patrons. They usually come by and see her every time they come to the library. She has become a local celebrity making appearances at elementary schools and library programs. She has also been seen on Take Five, City Focus, and the Summer Reading Video that goes out to elementary schools in May each year.
Come by and see Rocksssanne at the library in her window of the children's office in the hallway leading to the meeting rooms.
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The unemployment news surprised some people, who were expecting who knows what, since everything that happens under Obamanomics is “unexpected.”
The jobless rate unexpectedly fell in October while employers added fewer jobs than forecast, illustrating the “frustratingly slow” progress cited by Federal Reserve Chairman Ben S. Bernanke this week.
The unemployment rate fell to a six-month low of 9 percent from 9.1 percent, even as the labor force expanded. The 80,000 increase in payrolls followed gains in the prior two months that were revised up by 102,000, Labor Department figures showed today in Washington.
I guess we should feel relieved.
No really, former Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi says if we hadn’t passed the Stimulus bill, unemployment would be at 15%.
What does she base that on? She’s Nancy Pelosi. That’s proof enough for some.
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Aug. 28, 2007
UI Museum of Natural History to open Biosphere Discovery Hub Sept. 7
The University of Iowa Museum of Natural History will open "The Biosphere Discovery Hub: Iowa's Gateway to our Global Environment" Friday, Sept. 7. The new exhibit will explore human interaction with the Iowa landscape throughout history while addressing both local and global environmental issues.
Several opening events are scheduled, beginning with an opening reception 4 to 8 p.m. Friday, Sept. 7. The opening will also include a live broadcast of KSUI's "Know the Score" program from 5 to 7 p.m. in Macbride Auditorium with guests discussing a month-long series of environmental programs at the UI.
The program, part of the weekly arts and humanities series hosted by Joan Kjaer, will be open to the public free of charge. It can be heard live on radio station KSUI, 91.7 FM (101.7 FM in Dubuque). It will be rebroadcast on KSUI 3-5 p.m. Sunday, Sept. 9. You may also listen to the broadcast on the Internet at http://ksui.uiowa.edu.
Other Museum of Natural History events during the Sept. 7-9 weekend will include self-guided tours, family-centered activities, and Safari Story Time at 3 p.m. Sunday, Sept. 9. Staff will be available to answer questions about the exhibit over the weekend.
Located within the Hageboeck Hall of Birds on the third floor of Macbride Hall, the Biosphere Discovery Hub is designed to be Iowa's gateway to the global environment. Centered around a satellite photo of the world on the hall's floor, the culturally oriented and research-based exhibit is focused on Iowa, but also oriented toward addressing current environmental issues with global significance. Starting with a display of how ancient people used the land and ending with an explanation of modern-day farming methods, the Biosphere Discovery Hub explores nearly 12,000 years of environmental and cultural change in Iowa.
"Human impact on the land, especially in Iowa, is one of the overriding themes of the gallery, with a focus on current UI research that is attempting to address the consequences of these impacts," said Sarah Horgen, education and outreach coordinator at the Museum of Natural History. "Every culture, past and present, defines a continually evolving set of attitudes and approaches toward nature. This mindset determines how groups interact with the environment and whether their relationship with nature is sustainable in the long term. We want to inspire people to 'save the world' in their own back yards, because every bit helps collectively."
Connected to the Hageboeck Hall of Birds, the Biosphere Discovery Hub also includes displays about extinct bird species, such as the dodo. Visitors can see an early conservation film produced in 1918 about a campaign to save the white egret population on Avery Island in Louisiana.
Interactive displays with videos, quizzes and interactive maps allow visitors to see UI research projects and presentations. Research on hydraulics, nanotechnology, environmental engineering and many other areas is represented the gallery.
The gallery is a permanent addition to the Museum of Natural History, but will be updated with displays of new UI environmental research projects as they evolve. Horgen also plans to hold the UI Explorers Lecture Series in the Biosphere Discovery Hub, with UI researchers presenting their projects for a student and community audience. The first UI Explorers Lecture will be 7 p.m. Thursday, Sept. 27, when James Collins of the UI Office of the State Archeologist will talk about circular symbolism in Native American culture.
The Museum of Natural History joined with the Old Capitol Museum in 2004 to form the University of Iowa Pentacrest Museums. The Museum of Natural History explores the human experience as it relates to the natural environments of Iowa and beyond, and Old Capitol focuses on the history and culture of Iowa. The Museum of Natural History is open Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Fridays from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.; Thursdays and Saturdays from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.; and 1 to 5 p.m. Sundays. For more information about the Biosphere Discovery Hub, please call 319-335-0606.
The opening of the this new exhibit coincides with a series of UI events about environmental issues, featuring a public lecture by environmental activist Robert F. Kennedy Jr. at 7:30 p.m. Wednesday, Sept. 12, in the Main Lounge of the Iowa Memorial Union. Other events include an environmental film festival, and the "Health Consequences of Global Warming: Examining the Links, Breaking the Chains" conference. For more information and a full listing of events see http://news-releases.uiowa.edu/2007/august/082707kennedy-lecture.html or contact the University of Iowa Center for Human Rights at 319-335-3900 or email@example.com.
STORY SOURCE: University of Iowa News Services, 300 Plaza Centre One, Suite 371, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-2500
OTHER INFORMATION: http://www.uiowa.edu/~nathist/
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Republicans on the Senate environment committee made good on their vow to boycott this morning's first meeting on climate change legislation, leaving Democrats to poke holes in the GOP's insistence on a new Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) analysis of the bill.
Sen. George Voinovich (R-OH)
visited the environment panel this morning to read a statement
(viewable above) calling for the EPA to take more time examining the
climate bill's costs while using a more negative model than the agency
used in its initial analysis of the legislation, released late last month.
Voinovich left the committee room soon afterward, leaving the panel's Democrats to question David McIntosh, the EPA's associate administrator for congressional affairs, on the relative irrelevance of performing another climate bill analysis.
If the EPA were to go through that process, McIntosh told the Democrats, "you would see vanishingly small differences" between the House climate bill that passed in June -- which was given a full examination -- and the Senate's version, which nearly triples the House's investment in clean transportation.
Moreover, according to McIntosh, there is more paperwork available to the environment committee on the costs of this year's climate bill than there was in 2007, when Republicans allowed a similar cap-and-trade carbon emissions plan to proceed to consideration by the full Senate.
"It is difficult to link the motivation [for the GOP's move] to an amount of the analysis before the committee at this point in time," said McIntosh, a former adviser to Sen. Joseph Lieberman (I-CT) and his primary aide during the 2007 climate debate.
environment panel's chairman, Barbara Boxer (D-CA), kept the
committee's meeting open in the hopes of breaking the stalemate. No
amendments can be taken up without GOP members present -- potentially derailing any plans to increase the bill's transportation funding.
"If our colleagues would join us, the amendment process would go on as long as necessary to debate" proposed tweaks from both sides of the aisle, Boxer said. "The time to do an analysis is when there's changes that will move the models. Otherwise you're wasting taxpayer dollars."
efforts to undermine the Republican climate boycott continued even
outside the environment panel. Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV)
today that he would submit the upper chamber's final bill, which will
be a merged product of the work of five separate committees, to the
full EPA workup that the GOP is demanding.
At a press conference today, Reid likening Republicans to unwilling dance partners. "She has been extremely deliberative and very patient," Reid said of Boxer. "And so I don't know what more she can do."
Late Update: At the end of today's climate change session, Boxer revealed that the U.S. Chamber of Commerce -- which recently lost several high-profile members thanks to its criticism of the congressional climate bills -- has written to the Senate endorsing the legislative goals set out in a recent op-ed by Sens. John Kerry (D-MA) and Lindsey Graham (R-SC).The Chamber's letter notably stops short of endorsing the climate legislation currently on the table in the Senate, co-written by Kerry and Boxer. Still, it could lead to a loss of political cover for the staunchest opponents of the bill and help push the GOP back to the negotiating table; how quickly that happens remains to be seen.
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A linguistic accent versus a grammatical accent.
Unfortunately there isn't a succinct specialized term to differentiate one from the other. Although it is not very elegant, modifying the verb seems straightforward enough. It is almost idiomatic but still not quite. Speech pattern is the closest in practical terms but is awkward to employ as a verb. Delineating the various aspects of what an "accent" is - linguistically - will give enough proper definition to charge the term you select with the meaning you outline.
Dialect, pronunciation, speech pattern, colloquial, idiomatic.. Also making the point of indicating up front that it is NOT meant grammatically.
Even "dialectal accenting/accentuation" works and isn't too awkward.
Homophones can get slippery every once in a while..
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The Decoherence of Measurement
By: Dr. Sam Vaknin
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READ THIS: Scroll down to review a complete list of the
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Bookmark this Page - and SHARE IT with Others!
The original article was written in April 1998.
It was edited for language and one paragraph - regarding Zurek's work - was added - in December 2004.
Arguably the most intractable philosophical question attached to Quantum Mechanics (QM) is that of Measurement. The accepted (a.k.a. Copenhagen) Interpretation of QM says that the very act of sentient measurement determines the outcome of the measurement in the quantum (microcosmic) realm. The wave function (which describes the co-existing, superpositioned, states of the system) "collapses" following an act of measurement.
It seems that just by knowing the results of a measurement we determine its outcome, determine the state of the system and, by implication, the state of the Universe as a whole. This notion is so counter-intuitive that it fostered a raging debate which has been on going for more than 7 decades now.
But, can we turn the question (and, inevitably, the answer) on its head? Is it the measurement that brings about the collapse or, maybe, we are capable of measuring only collapsed results? Maybe our very ability to measure, to design measurement methods and instrumentation, to conceptualize and formalize the act of measurement and so on are thus limited and "designed" as to yield only the "collapsible" solutions of the wave function which are macrocosmically stable and "objective" (known as the "pointer states")? Indeed, pointer States are reminiscent of the "strange attractors" of chaos theory!
Most measurements are indirect - they tally the effects of the system on a minute segment of its environment. Wojciech Zurek and others proved that even partial and roundabout measurements are sufficient to induce einselection (or environment-induced superselection). In other words, even the most rudimentary act of measurement is likely to probe pointer states.
Superpositions are notoriously unstable. Even in the quantum realm they last an infinitesimal moment of time. Our measurement apparatus is not sufficiently sensitive to capture superpositions. By contrast, collapsed (or pointer) states are relatively stable and lasting and, thus, can be observed and measured. This is why we measure only collapsed states.
But in which sense (excluding their longevity) are collapsed states measurable, what makes them so? Collapse events are not necessarily the most highly probable some of them are associated with low probabilities, yet they still they occur and are measured.
By definition, the more probable states tend to occur and be measured more often (the wave function collapses more frequently into high probability states). But this does not exclude the less probable states of the quantum system from materializing upon measurement.
Pointer states are carefully "selected" for some purpose, within a certain pattern and in a certain sequence. What could that purpose be? Probably, the extension and enhancement of order in the Universe. That this is so can be easily substantiated by the fact that it is so. Order increases all the time.
The anthropocentric (and anthropic) view of the Copenhagen Interpretation (conscious, intelligent observers determine the outcomes of measurements in the quantum realm) associates humans with negentropy (the decrease of entropy and the increase of order).
This is not to say that entropy cannot increase locally (and order decreased or low energy states attained). But it is to say that low energy states and local entropy increases are perturbations and that overall order in the Universe tends to increase even as local pockets of disorder are created. The overall increase of order in the Universe should be introduced, therefore, as a constraint into any QM formalism.
Yet, surely we cannot attribute an inevitable and invariable increase in order to each and every measurement (collapse). To say that a given collapse event contributed to an increase in order (as an extensive parameter) in the Universe – we must assume the existence of some "Grand Design" within which this statement would make sense.
Such a Grand Design (a mechanism) must be able to gauge the level of orderliness at any given moment (for instance, before and after the collapse). It must have "at its disposal" sensors of increasing or decreasing local and nonlocal order. Human observers are such order-sensitive instruments.
Still, even assuming that quantum states are naturally selected for their robustness and stability (in other words, for their orderliness), how does the quantum system "know" about the Grand Design and about its place within it? How does it "know" to select the pointer states time an again? How does the quantum realm give rise to the world as we know it - objective, stable, certain, robust, predictable, and intuitive?
If the quantum system has no a-priori "awareness" of how it fits into an ever more ordered Universe – how is the information transferred from the Universe to the entangled quantum system and measurement system at the moment of measurement?
Such information must be communicated superluminally (at a speed greater than the speed of light). Quantum "decisions" are instantaneous and simultaneous – while the information about the quantum system's environment emanates from near and far.
But, what are the transmission and reception mechanisms and channels? Which is the receiver, where is the transmitter, what is the form of the information, what is its carrier (we will probably have to postulate yet another particle to account for this last one...)?
Another, no less crucial, question relates to the apparent arbitrariness of the selection process. All the "parts" of a superposition constitute potential collapse events and, therefore, can, in principle, be measured. Why is only one event measured in any given measurement? How is it "selected" to be the collapse event? Why does it retain a privileged status versus the measurement apparatus or act?
It seems that preferred states have to do with the inexorable process of the increase in the overall amount of order in the Universe. If other states were to have been selected, order would have diminished. The proof is again in the pudding: order does increase all the time therefore, measurable collapse events and pointer states tend to increase order. There is a process of negative, order-orientated, selection: collapse events and states which tend to increase entropy are filtered out and statistically "avoided". They are measured less.
There seems to be a guiding principle (that of the statistical increase of order in the Universe). This guiding principle cannot be communicated to quantum systems with each and every measurement because such communication would have to be superluminal. The only logical conclusion is that all the information relevant to the decrease of entropy and to the increase of order in the Universe is stored in each and every part of the Universe, no matter how minuscule and how fundamental.
It is safe to assume that, very much like in living organisms, all the relevant information regarding the preferred (order-favoring) quantum states is stored in a kind of Physical DNA (PDNA). The unfolding of this PDNA takes place in the physical world, during interactions between physical systems (one of which is the measurement apparatus).
The Biological DNA contains all the information about the living organism and is replicated trillions of times over, stored in the basic units of the organism, the cell. What reason is there to assume that nature deviated from this (very pragmatic) principle in other realms of existence? Why not repeat this winning design in quarks?
The Biological variant of DNA requires a biochemical context (environment) to translate itself into an organism an environment made up of amino acids, etc. The PDNA probably also requires some type of context: the physical world as revealed through the act of measurement.
The information stored in the physical particle is structural because order has to do with structure. Very much like a fractal (or a hologram), every particle reflects the whole Universe accurately and the same laws of nature apply to both. Consider the startling similarities between the formalisms and the laws that pertain to subatomic particles and black holes.
Moreover, the distinction between functional (operational) and structural information is superfluous and artificial. There is a magnitude bias here: being creatures of the macrocosm, form and function look to us distinct. But if we accept that "function" is merely what we call an increase in order then the distinction is cancelled because the only way to measure the increase in order is structurally. We measure functioning (=the increase in order) using structural methods (the alignment or arrangement of instruments).
Still, the information contained in each particle should encompass, at least, the relevant (close, non-negligible and non-cancelable) parts of the Universe. This is a tremendous amount of data. How is it stored in tiny corpuscles?
Either utilizing methods and processes which we are far even from guessing – or else the relevant information is infinitesimally (almost vanishingly) small.
The extent of necessary information contained in each and every physical particle could be somehow linked to (even equal to) the number of possible quantum states, to the superposition itself, or to the collapse event. It may well be that the whole Universe can be adequately encompassed in an unbelievably minute, negligibly tiny, amount of data which is incorporated in those quantum supercomputers that today, for lack of better understanding, we call "particles".
Our Universe can be mathematically described as a "matched" or PLL filter whose properties let through the collapsed outcomes of wave functions (when measured) - or the "signal". The rest of the superposition (or the other "Universes" in a Multiverse) can be represented as "noise". Our Universe, therefore, enhances the signal-to-noise ratio through acts of measurement (a generalization of the anthropic principle).
Time Asymmetry Re-Visited (Abstract Only)
Anthropic Agents and the Increase of Entropy (Abstract Only)
The Quantum of Continuity
Notes and Thoughts about String Theory
The Complexity of Simplicity
And Technical Note about Ambiguity and Vagueness
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Malignant Self Love - Narcissism Revisited
A Macedonian Encounter
Internet: A Medium or a Message?
Write to me: firstname.lastname@example.org or email@example.com
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Join our quality mailing! Learn more about The Area's Finest businesses for your home, family and lifestyle.
>> Making the World a Greener Place
"We are committed to protecting our world’s natural resources by using them wisely and disposing of our waste responsibly."
Recycles Flexographic process solvents, when feasible,to be used as cleaning solvent.
Utilizes recirculation units that allow prepress chemicals re-use.
Hauls incidental wastes (i.e. fluorescent bulbs) to a recovery facility.
Uses recyclable pallets, sleeves and trays to mail card packs.
Drop ships mail using a consolidator, reducing the number of trucks to a single location.
Purchases paper from mills that are all FSC, SFI and PEFC certified and committed to sustainable forest management practices.
Uses inks that contain renewable resources such as soybean, linseed and vegetable oils as well as rosin based resin.
Utilizes freight and mail consolidators to reduce the resources needed to transport and distribute our print products.
Recycles paper waste, cardboard, used oil and the aluminum plates used on all presses. Paper trim from presses, cutters and folders are collected with a central vacuum system, bailed and sent for recycling.
Recently invested in a Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer (RTO) afterburner.
Sends centrifuge waste from reusable shop rags to an environmental service company who utilizes a waste-to-energy conversion process that preserves natural energy resources while effectively treating waste.
Reuses pallets, postal sacks, sleeves and trays used in the distribution of card packs.
City Publications would like to thank all of our customers for supporting eco-friendly printing.
“We've used various forms of advertising in the past by City Publications is the best call to action, hands down.”
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This is an often-controversial topic, one where it's easy to find conflicting or misleading information. What are the important points to consider when making the decision to enroll in a mortar and ...
My kids (grades 2&4) are very bright and very active. The traditional school setting does not seem to be working for them. This is evident by their perpetual visits to the principal's office for ...
I am a mom who has made two changes to my children's education so far. I was not satisfied with the level of education of school at the first school so we switched to a more rigorous academic ...
Should extracurricular activities be required for home-schoolers? Of course they should be offered, but should reluctant children be required to attend a certain amount of social activities? Is ...
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Works from the Historical Archives of the Venice Biennial
January 17 - May 1 2007
Wolfsoniana, Via Serra Gropallo, 4 Genova Nervi
The exhibition documents the important
relationship between Galileo Chini, one of the principal protagonists of
Italian and international art during the first half of the twentieth
century, and the Venice Biennial. The pavilions he designed remain among the
most celebrated decorative series in the exhibition’s remarkable history.
The exhibit gives particular attention to two of the most important examples of this diligent and fruitful collaboration: the first for the Sala L’Arte del Sogno, prepared in 1907 with Plinio Nomellini, Gaetano Previati and Edoardo De Albertis, and the second for the Mestrović Salon, characterized by a series of allegoric panels depicting the militaristic strength and heroism of the Italian army.
In 1907, in the frieze for the Sala L’Arte del Sogno, Chini created a series with dancing putti, a theme he first explored for the 1906 Milan International Exposition.
In 1920 he created a cycle of fourteen panels to express the glories of war and victory with a late symbolistic allegorical emphasis.
This show is made possible by the gracious loan from the Fondazione La Biennale di Venezia. Archivo Storico delle Arti Contemporanee of twelve works recently restored with financial support from the Venetian Heritage Fund. Together with documents from the Wolfsoniana, the Chini Archive of Lido di Camaiore and the Ares Multimedia Archive of Genova, these works represent a series of important examples related to Chini’s work as a decorator and his special relationship with the Venice Biennial.
Galileo Chini (Florence 1873 - 1956) was painter, ceramist, illustrator, set and costume designer. His earliest Art Nouveau ceramics led to great success at the international exhibitions in London (1898), Paris (1900), Brussels, Gand and Petersburg (1901), Turin (1902), and St. Louis (1904).
In 1896 he founded L’Arte della Ceramica (The Arts of Ceramics) manufacturing in Florence that moved to Fontebuoni in 1901. His experience there influenced the painting La fabbrica (The Factory), which can be seen on the first floor of the museum. Over the next decade, Chini was strongly influenced by the works of Gustav Klimt and his naturalistic style evolved to take on more geometric and highly stylized forms. He was a regular participant in the Venice Biennial shows from 1901 to 1936. He was a prolific artist, creating the temporary spaces for some of the most important shows of the period as well as designing interiors for buildings, homes, churches, and chapels most notably in the major centers of Tuscany: Florence, Pistoia, Arezzo, Montecatini, Lucca and Prato.
Perhaps his most famous commission came in 1911 from the king of the Siam who had been introduced to Chini’s work at Venice. The king brought Chini to the Orient to create frescoes for his throne room in Bangkok. The experience had a profound effect on the artist’s style, and when he returned to Italy, Chini evolved toward the new Deco language, as it can be seen in the two large planters he designed for the Berzieri Thermal Spa in Salsomaggiore and which are now a part of the permanent collection of the Wolfsoniana.
This was also the beginning of Chini’s most active creative period, during which he created his designs for the Gran Caffè Margherita and the Grand Hotel Excelsior in Viareggio (1922), the Grand Hotel des Thèrmes in Salsomaggiore (1925), as well as set designs for Giacomo Puccini’s Turandot, which were first seen on stage after the composer’s death. Contemporaneously, Chini also worked on large interior spaces for the oceanliners Roma, Augustus and Ausonia, and for two hydroelectric power stations in Alto Adige and for the headquarters of the Montecatini Corporation in Milan. In the 1930s he demonstrated a new preference for easel painting, showing his work in a number of both public and private spaces. Chini developed health problems at the end of the decade which eventually led to blindness in the 1940s.
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State Top Level Goals
COORDINATING BOARD FOR HIGHER EDUCATION
HIGHER EDUCATION FUNDING FORMULA TASK FORCE
Funding Policies/Strategic Plan Top Level Goals
The Arizona Board of Regents has adopted six strategic issues (directions), which provide a long-term focus for its strategic planning and individual university strategic planning.
- Increase Student Participation in University Education
- Enhance the Quality of Student Education
- Increase Affordable Education for Students
- Provide an Educated, Competitive Workforce
- Enhance Research and Impact Economic Development
- Optimize University Resource Acquisition and Work Environment
Top Level Goals:
- Access to and production of degrees
- Meeting statewide professional and workforce needs
- Building world-class academic programs and research capacity
The University System of Georgia will ensure access to academic excellence and educational opportunities for all Georgians by:
- Educate graduates who are intellectually and ethically informed individuals with well-defined skills and knowledge who are capable leaders, creative thinkers, and contributing citizens.
- Expand participation by increasing access, enhancing diversity, improving service to nontraditional students, expanding use of distance education, advancing public library usage, and marketing the advantages of postsecondary education.
- Increase academic productivity through improved recruitment, increased retention, accelerated graduation, expanded credit generation, augmented continuing education opportunities, and current technology.
- Emphasize the recruitment, hiring, and retention of the best possible faculty, staff, and administration.
- Help accelerate Georgia's economic development by providing needed graduates, offering appropriate academic programs, and marketing the System and its institutions as economic assets of the state.
- Seek the most efficient, effective, and technologically sound business and service best practices, and regularly compare ourselves to national peers.
- Provide and maintain superior facilities, funded by innovative mechanisms that shorten the time that elapses between approval and use.
- Ensure coordination, where appropriate, between University System of Georgia policy and practices and those of the Department of Education (DOE) and the Department of Technical and Adult Education (DTAE).
- Increase, diversify, and strategically allocate resources.
Key strategic goals:
- Education effectiveness and student success
- A learning, research, and service network
- A model local, regional, and global University
- Investment in faculty, staff, students, and their environment
- Resources and stewardship
Top Level Goals:
- Efficiently provide all Idahoans access to a quality and relevant education.
- Improve the knowledge, skills and opportunities of all Idahoans by efficiently delivering quality, accessible and relevant education, training, rehabilitation and information/research services.
- Quality – Continuously improve the quality of Idaho’s education, training, rehabilitation and information/research services to gain program competitiveness, high levels of achievement and a well-informed citizenry.
- Access – Provide individuals of all ages and abilities access to services to develop their skills, knowledge and social awareness in order to be responsible citizens, globally competitive workers and lifelong learners.
- Relevancy – Ensure services are relevant to the needs of Idaho’s citizens, workforce, business, industry and local, state and federal government.
- Efficiency – Ensure maximum benefit from education resources through effective operation and management of the educational system.
Preliminary strategic goals:
- Increase the level of educational attainment for Illinois citizens
- Extend access to higher education
- Assure that college is affordable
- Enhance access and success for members of underrepresented groups
- Improve the quality of education
- Enhance responsiveness to students, employers, communities, and the state
- Strengthen school-college partnerships
- Improve productivity
- Increase participation in higher education to exceed national levels
- Increase collegiate preparation to maximize the potential for student success
- Ensure higher education is affordable for all Hoosier families
- Increase student persistence and degree completion to exceed national levels
- Assist the state in sustaining strong economic growth
- Promote a statewide discussion of ways to promote and measure postsecondary student learning
The Board of Regents, State of Iowa, and its institutions serve Iowa, its citizens, and the world by being a recognized leader in these four priorities:
- Ensure high-quality educational opportunities for students
- Discover new knowledge through research, scholarship, and creative activities
- Provide needed service and promote economic growth
- Demonstrate public accountability and effective stewardship of resources
Five Questions - One Mission: Better Lives for Kentucky's People guides the work of Kentucky adult and postsecondary education through 2010. The plan emphasizes accountability, degree completion, and affordability and its framework is built around the five questions of reform: The questions also serve as the framework for accountability measures that monitor our progress and encourage and reward behaviors that move us closer to our goals.
- Are more Kentuckians ready for postsecondary education?
- Is Kentucky postsecondary education affordable to its citizens?
- Do more Kentuckians have certificates and degrees?
- Are college graduates prepared for life and work in Kentucky?
- Are Kentucky’s people, communities and economy benefiting?
Board of Regents Strategic Plan (2005-2010) – Top Level Goals
- Increase Opportunities for Student Access and Success.
- Ensure Quality and Accountability.
- Strive for quality across the System through rigorous academic program planning, strengthened student services, and program realignment.
- Build and sustain a high-quality and well-supported faculty and staff System-wide.
- Improve and expand the System’s Distance Education infrastructure and academic programs.
- Expand and enhance the System’s library resources in ways that benefit the research and resource needs of both its universities and the public.
- Strengthen and expand university-based research activity and capacity to enhance Maine’s economy.
- Establish institutional and individual performance measures to ensure prudent
stewardship and public accountability.
- Consolidate certain business and administrative functions across the System to achieve cost-savings and increased efficiencies while maintaining “front-line” customer services at the individual university level.
- Adopt changes in organizational structure that will clarify missions, improve academic and administrative responsiveness, and better serve the University System’s many constituencies.
- Develop a coordinated and collaborative approach to university advancement and advocacy to improve the appeal, reputation, financial resources, identity, and constituent support for Maine’s public universities.
State plan for Postsecondary Education
- Maintain and strengthen a preeminent statewide array of postsecondary education institutions recognized nationally for academic excellence and effectiveness in fulfilling the educational needs of students, the State, and the nation.
- Achieve a system of postsecondary education that promotes accessibility and affordability for all Marylanders.
- Ensure equal educational opportunity for Maryland’s diverse citizenry.
- Strengthen and expand teacher preparation programs and support student-centered preK-16 education to promote student success at all levels.
- Promote economic growth and vitality through the advancement of research and the development of a highly qualified workforce.
Minnesota State Colleges & Universities Strategic Plan 2006-2010
- Increase access and opportunity
- Promote and measure high-quality learning programs and services
- Provide programs and services integral to state and regional economic needs
- Innovate to meet current and future educational needs efficiently
- Increase the overall educational attainment of Montanans through increase participation, retention, and completion rates in the Montana University System
- Assist in the expansion and improvement of the state’s economy through the development of high value jobs and the diversification of the economic base.
- Improve institutional and system efficiency and effectiveness.
- Meeting the educational needs of students.
- Meeting the needs of the state
- Meeting needs through exemplary institutions
- Meeting educational needs through partnerships and collaborations
- Facilities planning to meet educational needs
- Student-Focused System: The higher education system in Nevada will create a welcoming, respectful, and friendly environment where all students have the opportunity to participate and succeed at every level of higher education.
- Reputation for Excellence: Nevada’s institutions of higher education will increase their national, regional, and statewide reputations based on targeted, outstanding, innovative programs and other accomplishments.
- Quality Education: Nevada’s system of higher education will provide consistently excellent learning experiences for its students through instruction, research, and service.
- Prosperous Economy: Through instruction, research, and service, higher education in Nevada will be an essential element in developing and sustaining a strong, dynamic, knowledge-based economy for Nevada.
- P-16 Education: Higher education will increase partnerships with the K-12 system to ensure the cooperative delivery of education from pre-kindergarten through college degrees.
- Building Quality of Life: Higher education in Nevada will be instrumental in advancing society’s objectives and enriching the lives of Nevada’s citizens.
- Opportunity and Accessible Education for All: Nevada’s system of higher education will increase the overall participation and success of Nevadans enrolling at all levels of higher education and in all ethnic groups, and will address the unique educational needs of a highly diverse and non-traditional population.
- Continue to be a national leader and a model for other states in effectively utilizing the power and potential of a University System to enhance the economic and social vitality of the state
- Achieve the vision of the Roundtable on Higher Education in created a university system for the 21st century – a system that is: academically competitive nationally and internationally; engaged at every level with the needs of the state and its citizens; accessible and responsive to all citizens of the state, both individual and corporate; and proves to be a solid investment for the state and is seen as such by its citizens.
- Create an environment, based on mutual trust, within the University System and in cooperation with the key stakeholders of higher education that embraces a common vision, a clear set of expectations and agreed-upon accountability measures that are mutually developed and supported by the University System and its stakeholders.
- Access and Excellence in Learning
- Excellence in Research and Scholarship
- Excellence in Service to Oregon’s Communities
The new strategic plan for PASSHE focuses on five key areas, for which strategic goals and objectives were developed. They are:
- Student success and achievement
- Excellence in educational quality
- Service to the Commonwealth
- Resource stewardship
- Public leadership
Top level goal:
Improve Rhode Island's educational attainment to that of leading states by 2015 to ensure that Rhode Island's residents possess the skills and knowledge required to thrive in an information-age, knowledge-based economy.
- Expand Educational Opportunities for South Carolina Citizens
- Invest in Research for Economic Development and a Better Quality of Life
- Increase Cooperation and Collaboration for Efficiency and Quality
Policy Goals for the System of Public Higher Education:
- Access: Every qualified South Dakotan shall have access to public postsecondary education.
- Quality: South Dakota public universities and special schools shall provide a quality educational experience.
- State Wealth: South Dakota public universities shall engage in activities designed to enhance the state’s long-term economy.
- Efficiencies: South Dakota public universities and special schools shall continue to seek means for improving efficiency in the delivery of educational services.
- Elevate the overall educational attainment of citizens in the State through increased accessibility to mission-focused institutions, which deliver educational services on campus, as well as through a planned network of off-campus instruction.
- Prepare citizens responsibly for success in the new century by providing high quality teaching and research in an environment that serves the needs of its consumers.
- Assuring open access to an educational system that not only guarantees the basic core knowledge necessary for citizenship, but also emphasizes excellence and accountability in all academic and intellectual undertakings.
- Creating and retaining job opportunities and building a stronger economy that will lead to more prosperity for our people, and a stable source of funding for core priorities
- Protecting and preserving the health, safety and well-being of our citizens by ensuring healthcare is accessible and affordable, and our neighborhoods and communities are safe from those who intend us harm
- Providing disciplined, principled government that invests public funds wisely and efficiently
- Expand opportunities for access to quality programs
- Increase accountability for performance
- Use resources efficiently
- Fund quality improvements
- Expand opportunities for applied technology education (ATE)
- Collaborate with public K-12 education
- Promote economic development through university research, technology transfer, training, and cooperative extension programs
- Refine institutional missions to respond to citizens’ needs
- Make long-term educational improvements
- Affirm the VSC’s essential role in the economic and social vitality of Vermont
- Ensure the long-term financial sustainability of the system
- Strengthen student recruitment and retention
- Attract and retain highly effective employees
- Ensure effective and efficient business practices
- Accommodate at least 38,000 additional students
- Increase Virginia’s national standing in sponsored research
- Enhance the Commonwealth’s commitment to instructional quality
- Strengthen the quality of early learning programs
- Improve K-12 math and science education and alignment
- Increase bachelor’s degree capacity in high-demand fields
- Enhance state support for public university research and graduate education
Overall Goal: To align the West Virginia higher education system to contribute to the long-term growth and diversification of West Virginia’s economy
In the exercise of our primary mission to teach and educate students, we seek to provide academic and co-curricular opportunities that will
- Expose students to the frontiers of scholarship and creative activity, and the complexities of an interdependent world
- Ensure individual interactions among students, faculty, and staff
- Nurture an environment that values and manifests diversity, free expression, academic freedom, personal integrity, and mutual respect
- Promote opportunities for personal growth, physical health, athletic competition, and leadership development for all members of the University community
Wyoming (Community College Commission):
Two Wyoming Quality of Life Results are the foundation for the Commission’s strategic plan and biennial budget request:
- Students successfully educated and prepared for life’s opportunities
- A diverse economy that provides a livable income and ensures wage equity
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The Oblation Unveiled in 1935
No symbol other than the Oblation has stood for the University of the Philippines (UP) – love of freedom, search for truth, and love of country.
In 1930 students, faculty and employees of the University at Padre Faura, Manila, raised 2,000 pesos to fund the creation of the Oblation. Its cornerstone was laid by Mrs Aurora Quezon on November 30, 1931.
Its numerical height stands for 350 years of Spanish rule in the Philippines. A fig leaf was later added to the nude statue.
For its base the sculptor used rocks taken from Montalban, Rizal, where Filipino guerillas fought the Japanese army during the second World War. The model was Fernando Poe Sr., a Filipino-American actor.
During the National Heroes Day in 1935, in honor of Filipino heroes, Gregoria de Jesus, widow of Andres Bonifacio, was invited to unveil the Oblation at the quadrangle of UP campus in Manila.
The Oblation withstood the ravages of the war. At the University’s 40th anniversary in 1949, it was transferred in front of the Quezon Hall at UP Diliman, Quezon City where it stands todate. Although it was painted to appear like bronze, in 1950 it was ultimately cast in bronze to be more enduring.
The Oblation continues to be a landmark for airing of fearless expressions of love for freedom, truth and love for one’s country.Related topics:
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Hair loss is a common symptom associated with the post-menopausal years. It comes in various forms:
- hair becomes thinner and lighter coupled with difficulty in styling,
- alopecia where the hair actually comes out from the roots leaving bald patches and
- male pattern baldness where hair is lost at the temples and the crown of the head.
The low estrogen levels associated with menopause cause weakening of the connective tissues from breakdown of the collagen, protein and elastic fibers in it. These are what gives your skin, hair and nails their strength and suppleness.
Can progesterone cause hair loss if used to treat menopause symptoms? On the contrary, progesterone helps to your body’s normal hair pattern. It helps to normalize zinc and copper levels which are essential for healthy hair.
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Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
The dismal science is another, often derogatory, name for economics devised by the Victorian historian Thomas Carlyle. The term is an inversion of the phrase "gay science", meaning "life-enhancing skills". This was a familar expression at the time, and was later adopted as the title of a book by Nietzsche.
It is often stated that Carlyle gave economics the nickname 'dismal science' as a response to the writings of Robert Malthus, who grimly predicted that starvation would result as projected population growth exceeded the rate of increase in the food supply. Carlyle did indeed use the word 'dismal' in relation to Malthus's theory in his essay Chartism (1839):
- "The controversies on Malthus and the 'Population Principle', 'Preventative Check' and so forth, with which the public ear has been deafened for a long while, are indeed sufficiently mournful. Dreary, stolid, dismal, without hope for this world or the next, is all that of the preventative check and the denial of the preventative check."
However the full phase "dismal science" first occurs in Carlyle's 1849 tract entitled Occasional Discourse on the Nigger Question, in which he was arguing for the reintroduction of slavery as a means to regulate the labor market in the West Indies. Developing a deliberately paradoxical position, Carlyle argued that slavery was actually morally superior to the market forces of supply and demand promoted by economists, since, in his view, the freeing up of the labor market by the liberation of slaves had actually led to a moral and economic decline in the lives of the former slaves themselves.
The contents of this article is licensed from www.wikipedia.org under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details
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Modified Chemotherapy Regimen Effective in Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Adapted from the NCI Cancer Bulletin.
Women with advanced ovarian cancer lived longer and without their tumors growing after receiving a modified regimen of a standard chemotherapy drug combination, Japanese researchers have reported. In a large phase III clinical trial, the researchers randomly assigned women to receive six cycles of carboplatin and paclitaxel (Taxol) every 3 weeks (standard regimen) or six cycles of carboplatin every 3 weeks and a lower dose of paclitaxel (Taxol) once a week (dose-dense regimen). Women in the dose-dense group had a 29 percent reduction in the risk of progression and a 25 percent reduction in the risk of death after 3 years of follow-up. The results were published online September 18, 2009, in The Lancet (see the journal abstract).
Although the dose-dense regimen had more toxic effects than the standard regimen, survival benefits of this magnitude "have been rare in women with advanced ovarian cancer," wrote. Noriyuki Katsumata, M.D., and colleagues from the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG).
The results, explained Ted Trimble, M.D., M.P.H., from NCI's Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, are consistent with what has been seen in breast cancer using a dose-dense chemotherapy regimen. The idea, he continued, is "to balance efficacy and toxicity by using a weekly schedule rather than every 3 weeks."
Although the findings are important, "they won't change practice overnight," Dr. Trimble said. There are still several significant unknowns, including whether a lower dose of paclitaxel might be as effective but less toxic; the optimal timing of surgery; and where intraperitoneal chemotherapy fits into the treatment mix. The JGOG trial results, however, will influence the design of a number of phase III clinical trials, all of which include dose-dense chemotherapy, he added.
More than 630 women at 85 hospitals across Japan enrolled in the trial. After 3 years of follow-up, women who received the dose-dense treatment had a median progression-free survival of 28 months, compared with 17 months for those who received the standard treatment.
Not enough time has passed to determine with statistical confidence whether the overall survival advantage will be maintained. However, in ovarian cancer, improvements in progression-free survival tend to predict overall survival, said Dr. Michael A. Bookman, chief of the Hematology/Oncology Section at the Arizona Cancer Center, in an editorial in the same issue of The Lancet.
The dose-dense chemotherapy regimen used in the trial was also dose-intense, meaning that the total dose of paclitaxel patients received was actually higher than in those who received standard treatment. This increase was associated with some toxic side effects that caused treatment delays and modifications and also led to patients receiving less carboplatin than intended. In fact, more than half of the women in the dose-dense group discontinued treatment early, and most of them did so because of the toxicity.
Although it is possible that the dose intensity was responsible for the survival improvements, Dr. Bookman wrote, the more frequent, lower-dose treatment schedule is the most "plausible explanation." As a result, "similar results might be achieved" with a lower dose, he concluded, "with improved tolerability."
As for why the dose-dense approach is more effective than the standard approach, the Japanese researchers suggested that it hampers the formation of blood vessels that feed tumors. In animal model studies, dose-dense chemotherapy, like a similar treatment also under active investigation called metronomic chemotherapy, has been shown to have such an antiangiogenic effect. And in the JGOG trial, the researchers noted, tumor shrinkage following treatment did not differ between those receiving dose-dense chemotherapy and standard chemotherapy. This suggests that the dose-dense treatment "might promote tumor dormancy by maintaining tumor size and preventing outgrowth," they wrote.
The U.S.-based Gynecologic Oncology Group is planning to launch a phase III clinical trial in advanced ovarian cancer combining the dose-dense approach with the targeted antiangiogenic drug bevacizumab (Avastin), said Dr. Ronald Alvarez, director of the Division of Gynecologic Oncology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. This should help to confirm the Japanese trial's results.
In the meantime, "Given the potential toxicity, clinicians should discuss with their patients the risks versus the benefits of this approach in comparison with other treatment strategies," Dr. Alvarez said, particularly with those patients who have advanced disease and whose tumors could not be mostly eradicated by surgery.
This text may be reproduced or reused freely. Please credit the National Cancer Institute as the source. Any graphics may be owned by the artist or publisher who created them, and permission may be needed for their reuse.
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September 27, 2004
Film on WWII Japanese-American Experience in Region Premieres Oct. 2 at Whitworth
What began 15 years ago with a Whitworth historian's curiosity about a photograph of five Japanese-American players on the college's 1944 basketball team has become a feature-length documentary about the varied experiences of Japanese-Americans in the Inland Northwest during World War II.
"In Time of War," which was written, directed and co-produced by 2000 Whitworth alumna Andrea Palpant, will premiere at 5 p.m. on Oct. 2 in the William P. Robinson Teaching Theatre in Weyerhaeuser Hall as part of the college's Homecoming Weekend. Whitworth alumna Rose Sliger, '02, who, along with Professor of History Dale Soden, provided research support and consultation on the project, will join Palpant to discuss the film.
The 54-minute film, funded in part by a grant from the Washington Civil Liberties Public Education Program and produced by North by Northwest Productions in collaboration with Whitworth College, is also tentatively scheduled to air on Spokane public television station KSPS in December and is being submitted to various national networks for potential broadcast.
Featuring exclusive interviews with Japanese-Americans in the Pacific Northwest -- including several Whitworth alumni -- who were affected by evacuation, internment and military service during World War II, as well as recognized historians, "In Time of War" tells the stories of a former soldier who participated in a battle with German forces that turned the tide of the war, two former internees whose life together began behind barbed wire, and a resister still wounded by the liberties and chapter of his life lost to incarceration. Palpant believes the film expands understanding of the varied experiences of Japanese-Americans during the war and raises questions about contemporary applications related to post-9/11 public policy.
"One of the strongest features of the documentary is the different ways in which the subjects talk about what it meant for them to be Americans and how they reacted to their experience during the war," Palpant says. "There are figures who fought in the 442nd Regimental Combat Team and figures who resisted the war -- both out of a strong sense of patriotism."
North by Northwest Productions is also working on a shorter documentary about Japanese-American internment from a child's perspective for elementary-school audiences. In addition, Sharon Mowry, director of Whitworth's Graduate Studies in Education program, and Whitworth archivist Janet Hauck are developing curriculum for a teacher workshop on how to tie the documentaries to civics and contemporary events.
The projects build on an earlier audio documentary -- "From Coast and Camp to the Inland Empire: Japanese-American Evacuation and Relocation to Eastern Washington during World War II" -- produced in 2002 by Soden, Sliger and Hauck through the Institute of Northwest Protestant Studies of Whitworth's Weyerhaeuser Center for Christian Faith & Learning.
Based on Whitworth archival material as well as oral-history interviews, the project sought to document the experience of Japanese-Americans who were evacuated from the coast and relocated to the Inland Northwest but were not necessarily interned for extended periods of time or at all. A number of these individuals enrolled at Whitworth, including five who filled out the 1944 basketball squad, and their stories represent more multi-faceted experiences than those most often reflected in history books and school curricula about the era, Soden says.
"Oral history is such an unpredictable medium because you never know what you're going to get, and you have to be careful with what you use because the mind can play tricks on people," Soden says. "But some details come out during interviews that are so vivid and so poignant that you just know they're true. And it's those details that help people make connections with the history."
Located in Spokane, Wash., Whitworth is a private, liberal arts college affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA). The college enrolls 2,400 students in more than 50 undergraduate and graduate programs. The Weyerhaeuser Center for Christian Faith & Learning is dedicated to being a catalyst for changing the lives of faculty, students, clergy and laity by helping them to better understand how faith and learning can be integrated. The center's Institute for Protestant Studies in the Pacific Northwest supports the study of religion in the region and the way in which the church has influenced and has been influenced by the larger culture.
North by Northwest Productions is a full-service production and post-production studio, offering script-to-screen services for commercials, television programs, feature films and other productions.
Dale Soden, professor of history and director of the Weyerhaeuser Center for Christian Faith & Learning, (509) 777-4433 or firstname.lastname@example.org.
Andrea Palpant, producer, North by Northwest Productions, (509) 324-2949 or email@example.com.
Greg Orwig, director of communications, (509) 777-4580 or firstname.lastname@example.org.
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In 2008, the Florida Legislature enacted House Bill 7135 which created Section 403.7032, Florida Statutes.
This established a new statewide recycling goal of 75% to be achieved by the year 2020. Also, the statute
directed DEP to develop a program designed to achieve this goal and submit it to the Legislature for approval.
DEP submitted its
75% Recycling Goal Report
in January 2010.
House Bill 7243:
The Legislature passed this bill in 2010. It addressed several of the issues discussed in DEP's
75% Recycling Goal Report.
Here are some DEP rules related to recycling. House Bill 7243 requires some revisions to these rules.
Florida Statutes regarding recycling:
In addition to the 75% recycling goal, there are some other statutes that affect, either directly or indirectly, the implementation
of that goal.
DEP recycling main page:
Links to recycling data sources and programs.
If you want to be added to our list of stakeholders to receive information regarding rulemaking by email, please contact Shannan Reynolds at
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Can I Use Online Auction Sites Safely?
Online auction sites like eBay, webstore, OnlineAuction, OZtion, WeBidz, uBid, and others offer great options for buying items from local and international sources whether they are used items or brand new items and you get all this access when you want it and where you want it. These same auction sites also allow you to sell your new or used items in the same way.
Most people have rewarding experiences with online auction sites, and with just a few safety tips you too can experience positive and rewarding shopping and selling while avoiding the tactics criminals use to exploit consumers through these sites.
Start by understanding the common risks on auction sites. These include:
- Buying an item or items that you never receive because the seller is a scammer or selling something and sending it to the buyer but never receiving payment.
- Having your account taken over by cybercrooks who use it to run up massive purchases under your name and/or stealing your information to use for identity theft.
- Oversharing information to a buyer or seller that they use for identity theft either through communications or by purchasing the item in an unsafe manner – like using a personal check with all your information on it, or a credit card.
- Purchasing an item at an inflated price, or getting an item that is a knockoff – instead of the item you purchased.
- Receiving phishing scam emails with messages that appear to be sent by the auction site or from the payment company you use. These typically ask for sensitive information like your passwords and bank information so scammers can exploit the information to steal your identity and money.
Once you have a good sense of the potential pitfalls, you’re ready to select a site, or sites that you want to use. To find the site or sites that will work best for you, spend a little time and understand how each auction site works:
- Watch a few items to get a feel for the bidding, the pace, and the last minute strategies in the auction process.
- Look at the sites suggested methods of payment. Never use (or accept) a check, money order, wire transfer service, credit card, debit card, or cash – or you risk parting with not only your money, but your identity and may find yourself owing money to the bank. Using PayPal or a similar service that masks your financial information when you’re the buyer and assures the money is in the account if you’re the seller, will give you the best protection.
- Create a conservative profile. Pick an anonymous screen name that says nothing about yourself, and don’t share unnecessary details; just stick to the basic information required.
- Create a strong, unique password. This is a critical step. Your password needs to have at least 10 characters (even if the site requires fewer), needs to have a mix of capital and small letters, and include numbers and symbols. This doesn’t have to be hard to remember, just hard to guess – for example: 1likeuz’nAuctionz:-). Never use information in a password that is associated with you – like your name, age, birth year, etc. And never use the same password for multiple sites because if it gets hacked on one site you’d be in trouble on many sites.
Do your research: Now it’s time to hone in on the specifics of any item you want to purchase or sell.
- Research the seller – or buyer. Auction sites should show you the reputation of potential buyers or sellers. Sticking to people or companies with strong reputations over time is your safest bet. Never let a buyer or seller convince you to finish the deal off of the auction site. A common scam is to tell you they can save you the auction’s fee if you deal with them directly, but you want the protection the auction site has. If the other party even suggests this option walk away.
- Research the item you want to sell or purchase. What’s the going rate for the item? Is the item new or used? Is the item the real deal or a knockoff? Comb through the fine print of any description of the product so you know exactly what you may be purchasing. If you’re a buyer, you may want to print off the exact description and fine print for reference if there is an issue later. If you’re a seller, this information is an excellent way to compare your product against what others are selling.
Let the bidding begin!
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Scenario: you see an ad for an excellent sandwich. The turkey is luscious. The mustard is fancy. The tomato is juicy. With glass fangs forming on your mandibles, you fumble for the phone and breathlessly call the number on the ad. But alas, you’re told that the sandwich is not available in your area. However, a sandwich with stringier turkey, plain old bright yellow mustard and a chunk of carrot is available in your area, at twice the price.
Click here to check out our best bundle deals - or scroll to the bottom of the page for specific plans!
Delicious broadband. Photo courtesy Food Network
That’s how the industry right now works for getting a broadband connection. It’s not fair. It’s not equal. Anyone outside of a metro area, especially, will find themselves being turned away again and again for deals that people not that far away can get, no problem. Why?
Telstra is often lamented as a monopoly, but that’s not quite true. First of all, Telstra has to be understood as two separate entities under one banner. There’s BigPond, Telstra Home Phone and Telstra Mobile. These are retail providers of services. Then there’s Telstra Wholesale, the owner and operator of the big copper wire telephone network on which most broadband providers partially transmit their connection to you. The copper wire network is insanely huge and complicated (and due for replacement, but that’s another issue). In each area, each home is connected to a pillar in the street; the pillar is connected to a local exchange; each exchange connects to a state-based ‘head-end’, and then each head-end is linked back to…well, that gets more difficult. All roads eventually lead to NSW or WA, from where international cables connect Australia to the rest of the world.
Those links between states and countries are not a monopoly owned by Telstra. In fact, Telstra Wholesale only has a monopoly on the connection between the home and the pillar, and the pillar and the exchange (this is known as “The Last Mile”). After the exchange, companies like Internode, TPG and Optus operate their own connections back to NSW and WA, and then have their own connections to the rest of the world. So Telstra doesn’t have a monopoly there. And at about 15% of exchange areas around Australia, Optus has their own Last Mile leading into people’s homes.
So Telstra Wholesale does mostly own a monopoly on the very last part of your connection. Beyond that, they have plenty of low cost competition. Each competitor will set up a DSLAM at the exchange, which is a big piece of networking equipment that your individual copper line will get routed to.
(These figures are estimations, used to prove a point. The figures are not accurate, but the way in which these variables work is accurate).
There’s about 2000 active exchanges in Australia. Each one is designed to provide about 20,000 residences with telephone service. Telephone service is possible on a copper line up to about 200 km.
ADSL and ADSL2+ allows for a digital, broadband internet connection over a copper phone line – but is only capable up to about 4.5km distance.
At many urban exchanges, there’s easily 20,000 residences within 4.5km, so the copper loop will be able to get an ADSL connection to just about everyone.
In many regional exchanges, there may not be 20,000 residences for 200km or more. So in these areas, only a small portion of potential customers will be able to get an ADSL connection.
The cost to put a DSLAM into an exchange is pretty high. Apart from the cost of equipment and maintenance, there’s also the issue of wiring it up to your own network that spans the rest of the country (usually via big fibre optic links).
If a company like TPG is looking at your area, and it’s going to cost $500,000 to put in a DSLAM, but there’s only going to a 2000 potential customers to fight over, they probably won’t be able to afford to do it. This reality is why out of 2000 exchanges, even big competitors like TPG and Internode only serve 400: of course, these will be the 400 most densely populated exchanges.
Everywhere else, Telstra Wholesale will offer these companies to rent a full connection from them, because Telstra maintains a DSLAM at just about every exchange (as part of their service obligation). This is actually very expensive. To compare:
To rent a ‘last mile’ connection over Telstra Wholesale’s network, an ISP pays about $25 - $30 per month. This is the ‘line rental’ that gets passed on to the customer, and this is why line rental is usually around this price.
To rent a full connection of of Telstra costs $45 per Megabit-per-second (Mbps). This is wildly more expensive.
Because Telstra Wholesale’s price is so high, competitors will offer re-sold Telstra plans that are significantly higher than plans that are offered on their own networks. These are normally known as Off-Net plans.
Why is Telstra’s wholesale price so high?
Telstra’s wholesale price is high because unlike their competition, they can’t ‘cherry pick’ the exchanges that will offer a return on investment. They have to service every area, regardless of whether it will be profitable or not. They also have to offer a uniform price. So that higher price represents the mediated price between profitable and non-profitable areas.
This also relates to why BigPond pricing is higher than most. BigPond has to charge the same price, regardless of whether you’re in metro Sydney or the Back of Beyond. So BigPond’s prices are rationalized to a higher price than everyone else.
Essentially, you will find that most Off-Net plans are about the same price as normal BigPond plans. But service providers can compete on other things; like how much data you get for the same money, or on contract length and other goodies.
Comparing Off-Net plans with BigPond plans
BigPond – 200GB Elite Broadband / $101.90 per month including line rental. Free connection and free modem. 24 month contract only.
TPG – TPG will only offer Off-Net plans to customers who have an active phone line, with line rental being paid directly to Telstra (or another provider). They do not offer line rental in these areas, so they don’t offer bundles.
TPG Off-Net 200GB - $59.99/month / 6 month contract / $59.00 connection fee / 100GB peak (day) and 100GB off-peak (night) / No modem included (BYO)
A decent plan, but with Telstra line rental will take you just over $90. Still cheaper than Telstra, but if you don’t have a modem, will be quite pricey to get set up. 6 month contract is good.
Internode – Internode will offer full bundles on their off-net plans (which they call ‘Reach’ plans), and offer the option of no contract.
Internode 60GB Reach Bundle - $79.90/month / 1 month contract / $129 Connection fee / No modem included (BYO)
A very good plan. For $20 more, you get 200GB, but the 60GB is great value for the light users. You also get to take advantage of Internode’s top rated, Australia based support and service. Internode is priced as a premium in metro areas (compared to the competition), but in off-net areas, they’re quite competitive.
Dodo – Dodo doesn’t have a very large network of their own, so there isn’t much ‘net’ for them to ‘off’ from. But in metro areas, they often wholesale a much cheaper connection from Optus or even TPG. In regional areas, like everyone else, they go Telstra Wholesale. But their prices are the same whether you bundle or not.
Dodo Unlimited (Regional) - $59.90 per month, Unlimited data / Choice of 0, 12 or 24 month contract) Free modem and connection on 24 month contract
Line rental from $29.90 with Dodo, or $31.95 with Telstra
Pretty much your best option, if you’re a heavy user. At around a total bundled price of $90, you’re paying the same as everywhere else, but with Unlimited data.
What about Optus?
Optus hasn’t offered off-net for a while, and probably won’t be again any time soon. With the NBN due to replace Telstra’s copper network in the next ten years, they’ll probably wait for that to serve fixed-line broadband outside their own network.
Call us on 1300 106 571 to see what plans are available to you today!
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by Theodore Coutilish, Published December 12, 2011
YPSILANTI - Eastern Michigan University, in partnership with AnnArbor.com, is sponsoring the "TRUEMU Education First Essay Contest" for high school juniors and seniors.
"The ability to write clearly and concisely remains a central element in success during college and in a career," said Walter Kraft, EMU vice president for communications. "This contest underscores our interest in helping high school juniors and seniors hone their skills, have some fun and be rewarded as well."
To enter, students in good academic standing will attend an event at the EMU Student Center at 11 a.m. on Jan. 14.
Each participating student will receive an "I AM TRUEMU" T-shirt. Included are free parking, free lunch and complimentary admission to an EMU women's basketball game after the competition.
"This is an excellent opportunity to partner with Eastern Michigan University," said Laurel Champion, executive vice president, AnnArbor.com. "EMU is a valued community partner for expanding educational excellence in Michigan's classrooms and we are proud to be a 'true' EMU partner in this initiative."
Visit http://www.emich.edu/essay to register and for more information.
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ASTROPHYSICIST AND and science communicator, Dr Neil deGrasse Tyson, is challenging Jamaicans to develop a culture of science as it will help move the country forward.
"Science drives economies," he said. "If you want to actually step into tomorrow, you will require innovation in science and technology," said Dr Tyson, who was giving a special talk at the United States Embassy, St Andrew, on Wednesday.
"You just need one stimulant," he said, noting that people were more interested in track and field now because of the successes of the country's athletes.
"The force a successful change can bring can't be measured," said Tyson
However, he felt the onus was also on governments.
"The system has to enable it to happen even in the smallest way," Tyson said.
"There is no excuse anymore. Essentially everyone has equal access (to the necessary information)."
He warned that enlightened leaders with vision were essential to the process, because funding 'basic' science, does not deliver immediate returns.
Though his talk, witnessed by several secondary school groups, did encompass aspects of the past, present and future of space, Tyson mostly focused on showing how "science matters in the movement of nations".
Using a specially designed world map, Tyson showed how the area of countries would be different if we were using the level of their science work to measure them.
It showed continents like Africa would be virtually non-existent, while Jamaica was roughly the same size.
However, in terms of development of science and technology over the last decade, the US shrunk while countries like Japan had swollen considerably. Jamaica also lost size.
Tyson decried the intellectually illiterate for giving inaccurate information to the intellectually under-informed and opined that media could do more science pieces.
He suggested media entities link those stories to pop culture, for example, matching the concept of exoplanets (planets outside our Solar System) to the hit movie Avatar.
"That way, you get the advertising for free," he said, noting the movie sells itself.
Tyson is the director of the Hayden Planetarium at the Rose Center for Earth and Space and Research, the same place he first got interested in science as a child.
He encouraged parents to introduce their children to the range of professions, not just the typical lawyer or doctor. Tyson challenged them not to admire the gadgets they have now for too long, but think about how to improve them for years to come.
Tyson is an associate in the Department of Astrophysics at the American Museum of Natural History. His professional research interests include star formation, dwarf galaxies and the structure of our Milky Way.
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The XIX International AIDS Conference, known as AIDS 2012, will take place July 22-27, 2012 in Washington, DC. Anticipating the conference, yesterday I spoke at the Brookings Institution on some of the lessons learned from the first decade of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) that can inform future efforts on AIDS and global health.
I noted that in order to be wholly successful in our fight against AIDS, and achieve our collective goal of an AIDS-free generation, we need to focus on three specific areas of improvement: recognizing PEPFAR as a foundation for other global health successes; promoting country ownership; and fostering a shared responsibility for the global response. It is because of PEPFAR's work that today many countries are in a better position to save more lives and create a stronger, more secure world.
The AIDS 2012 conference is now just one month away. Thanks to the Obama Administration, for the first time in more than 20 years, this meeting is taking place in the United States. America's contribution has been imperative to the fight against HIV/AIDS. Through PEPFAR, as of last year, the United States supported nearly four million people on treatment. Additionally, PEPFAR programs supported drugs to prevent mother-to-child transmission for 660,000 HIV-positive pregnant women. Because of this effort, an estimated 200,000 infant infections were averted in 2011 alone.
The last 10 years have taught us what must be done to end this epidemic and achieve an AIDS-free generation, and I have great hope that we will get it done. This is the moment to seize this hope, and together we will turn the tide.
To read the transcript or watch the video of the event, please visit www.PEPFAR.gov.
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Making History Interesting
It is surprising how many students find history boring. Here are some suggestions for increasing your students' interest in this important subject.
- Supplement textbooks with books that provide personal accounts of historical events.
- Focus on important individuals in history. Biographies and autobiographies can help your students understand that is is people who make history.
- Have your students read historical novels.
- Where feasible, take your students on field trips to historical sites.
- Have your students role play historical events. This will provide them with a "first-hand" experience.
- Show historical movies such as Amadeus and Apollo 13.
In short, try to make history come alive.
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Many states are using the technology to scan driver’s licenses to prevent identity fraud. It led to the arrest of a suspected arsonist in New York. And while facial recognition technology
could not identify the Boston Marathon bombing suspects, police used the software in their search. These recent headlines illustrate the benefits this technology provides for law enforcement agencies in an investigation. Not surprisingly, many businesses also see an advantage in using facial recognition, not for crime-fighting, but to reach customers. However, Brian Mennecke, an associate professor of information systems at Iowa State University, questions whether customers are ready for it.
PITTSBURGH-Researchers previously have shown that a depth camera system, such as Kinect, can be combined with a projector to turn almost any surface into a touchscreen. But now researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have demonstrated how these touch-based interfaces can be created almost at will
, with the wave of a hand.
A transparent computer that allows users to 'reach inside' and 'touch' digital content
has been unveiled at the TED conference in LA. Jinha Lee has been working on the SpaceTop 3D desktop in collaboration with Microsoft.
A 3D printing technique that produces clusters of stem cells
could speed up progress towards creating artificial organs, Edinburgh scientists have claimed.
Cheap sensors that help cars avoid collisions could emerge from research into a lens-less imaging system
. US scientists have used metamaterials to build the imaging system, which samples infra-red and microwave light.
Rugby Football Union is going to trial a 'ref-cam' during the televised chapionship game between Newcastle Falcons and London Scottish this Sunday. It will offer a new perspective for viewers, who can already hear the ref via a microphone, and will provide an additional tool which can be utilised within the development of referees.
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Integrated Cluster Bus performance for the IBM S/390 Parallel Sysplex
by C. L. Rao, G. M. King, B. A. Weiler
As the speed of the S/390® processors has increased at a rapid rate over the years, it has become extremely challenging to be able to connect them in a Parallel Sysplex® without compromising system performance. The cost of synchronous accesses to the coupling facility will build up progressively unless coupling link technology keeps pace with the development of the processors. Beginning with the G5 processors, IBM has introduced the ICB coupling link technology to enhance the performance of closely integrated processor clusters. With a high data transmission rate complemented by reduced hardware and microcode path lengths, the ICB provides excellent coupling efficiency. This paper emphasizes the need for the ICB and discusses the superior performance delivered by this latest coupling link technology.
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Newnan, GA (October 25, 2012) - Piedmont Newnan Hospital (PNH) was presented a $50,000 “Grants to Green” award by the Community Foundation of Greater Atlanta to pipe untreated water for landscape irrigation to the new campus, as part of its plan to “build green.”
This goal of Community Foundation grants is to give local nonprofits the opportunity to build healthier work places that are energy, water and environmentally efficient. The Foundation believes that increasing the cost-efficiency of operations ultimately saves money that could go toward providing more services.
The grant was used to offset the expense for laying purple, industry-standard pipe to transport non-potable water from the Coweta County Water and Sewage authority to the hospital to be used for landscape irrigation. PNH shared in the Water and Sewage Authority’s expense of running the pipe to the edge of the property, as well as from that edge to both PNH and the Medical Office Building.
According to Ken Flynn, PNH Senior Project Manager for Construction Management, and the new hospital’s “green champion,” this is one of many efforts to build green. Landscaping will feature drought tolerant plants and materials and high tech moisture sensors will gauge the need for watering. Select areas will have “green” roofs, with vegetation growing. During construction, most waste materials are being recycled.
“We are seeking certification by the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System™. This is just another example of our long-term commitment to energy efficiencies, environmental controls and cost savings,” Flynn says.
The new hospital is being built on a 105-acre campus; the footprint of the hospital will be 36 acres. The intent is to preserve as much green space as possible, giving it a warm, campus feel. Piedmont Newnan Hospital will be the tallest building in the Southwest Atlanta area. Architects Perkins and Will designed it and the contractor is the KBR Building Group. Meadows and Ohly designed the Piedmont Medical Office Building and the contractor is Brasfield and Gorrie. The new campus is set to open May 2012.
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Eva Rothschild has been invited to create the next installation for the Tate Britain
Duveens Commission 2009, supported by Sothebys. Her new work, created especially for the Duveen Galleries at the heart of Tate Britain, will be on display until 29 November 2009.Artists who have previously undertaken the Commission include Martin Creed (2008), Mark Wallinger (2007), Michael Landy (2004), Anya Gallaccio (2002) and Mona Hatoum (2000).
Eva Rothschilds striking and memorable sculptures continually investigate and forge new relationships between volume and mass, surface and structure. She uses a wide variety of materials, such as leather and steel, which are often incongruously juxtaposed to create deceptively simple works that lightly yet effectively occupy space. Rothschilds strong interest in geometric and elemental forms is combined with a fascination in the spiritual and ritualistic qualities of objects.
Rothschild has conceived an ambitious new sculpture that will directly respond to the Duveen Galleries. It will contain some of the essential characteristics of her practice but will also represent an exciting new direction in her work. Using minimal materiality, the work will fill and disrupt the grandeur of these neo-classical galleries with a chaotic, energetic presence. It will activate the gallery, countering and complimenting the solidity of the building and compelling visitors to physically and optically re-engage with this familiar space. This will be the first time a single work has been designed to stretch nearly the full length of the space, occupying over 70 metres from one end of the Duveens to the other.
Rothschild comments, 'I'm excited about making a new work for this year's Duveens Commission. I'm hoping to create something that will agitate the architecture of the Duveens Galleries, tangling with your perception of the space.
Stephen Deuchar, Director of Tate Britain, said: I am delighted that Eva Rothschild has accepted Tate Britains invitation to create this years Commission. She is one of the most interesting sculptors working today, creating works that beguile with their subtlety and illusion. I look forward to seeing the new site-specific sculpture she is creating for the Tate Britain Duveens Commission this summer.
Bill Ruprecht, Chief Executive Officer, Sothebys Worldwide, said: I am delighted that for the second year running Sothebys sponsorship of Tate Britains Duveens Commission will help Tate to provide this important showcase for new work by British contemporary artists. Today, support for the broader cultural community is more important than ever.
Eva Rothschild was born in 1972 in Dublin. She studied at the University of Ulster, Belfast from 1990 1993 and then at GoldsmithsCollege, University of London from 1997-1999. She lives and works in London. Recent solo exhibitions include the Modern Institute, Glasgow (2008), South London Gallery, London; 303 Gallery, New York (2007), Galerie Eva Presenhuber, Zurich (2006); Douglas Hyde Gallery, Dublin; Modern Art, London (2005). Rothschilds work has also been included in numerous group exhibitions including Un-monumental: Falling to Pieces in the 21st Century, The New Museum, New York (2007), Tate Triennial (2006), The British Art Show (2005), The Carnegie International, The Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburg (2004).
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Perhaps the most provocative of all the theories regarding the origins of Native American tribes is the belief that they are somehow a remnantof the 10 lost tribes of Israel. Even the earliest settlers and explorers of the New World were intrigued by the possibility of encountering a lost branch of the House of Israel in the New World. Christopher Columbus, the man credited with "discovering" the New World, proclaimed that these newly discovered "Indians" were, in fact, of Jewish origins. Columbus even suggested that Spain could, "recruit their bodies and their wealth to assist Europeans in a final crusade to crush Islam and reclaim Jerusalem" (Alan Taylor, American Colonies: The Settlement of North America, 33).
After the American Revolution, the fascination with Native American origins was carried to new heights. Despite the fact that no obvious proof could be found to substantiate the belief that Native Americans were the lost tribes of Israel, scores of religious zealots hoped to uncover this claim's validity. Just before embarking on their continental trek, President Thomas Jefferson wrote a brief letter to Meriwether Lewis and William Clark in which he instructed them to "acuire what knolege you can of the state of morality, religion & information among them [the Indians] as it may better enable those who endeavor to civilize & instruct them." In addition, Jefferson shared a personal correspondence with his friend, Meriwether Lewis, in which he expressed his hope that the trek west might provide evidence as to the whereabouts of the lost tribes of Israel (Stephen Ambrose, Undaunted Courage, 154).
In addition to the president, Dr. Benjamin Rush revealed his hope for the discovery of the lost tribes of Israel when he wrote the following inquiries to Lewis and Clark:
At what time do they rise? What about baths? Murder? Suicide? Are any animal sacrifices in their religion? What affinity between their religious Ceremonies & those of the Jews? [my emphasis].Though the Lewis and Clark expedition never returned with any evidence to support the Native American/lost tribes of Israel claim, the legend remained extremely popular throughout the early part of the 19th century. Ethan Smith, for example, who was not only a pastor to a small church in Vermont but was also a self-proclaimed expert on Jewish history, hoped to prove the Jewish roots of Native Americans by appealing to the Bible. In his 1825 book, View of the Hebrews, Smith endeavored to point out what he saw as similarities between Native American religious custom and that of ancient Judaism. As Smith states:
In all their rites which I have learned of them, there is certainly a most striking similitude to the Mosaic rituals. Their feasts of first fruits; feasts of in gathering; day of atonement; peace offerings; sacrifices. They build an altar of stone before a tent covered with blankets; within the tent they burn tobacco for incense, with fire taken from the altar of burnt offering. All who have seen a dead human body are considered unclean eight days; which time they are excluded from the congregation.For Smith, this was ample proof of God's biblical prophesy that, "he [God] shall set up an ensign for the nations, and shall assemble the outcasts of Israel, and gather together the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth" (Isaiah 11:12).
In the record of Imanual Howitt, who had traveled extensively throughout the United States in the early part of the 19th century, the Native Americans held a certain intrigue that permeated his writings. Howitt, though not a deeply religious man, had adopted the earlier opinion of William Penn, who believed that the "Indians...developed from the lost tribes of Israel." As a result, Howitt became a passionate advocate for the further study of Indian rituals and customs.
The fervor over the possibility of American Indians being of Jewish descent was only furthered when Barbara Simon published her book, The Ten Tribes of Israel Historically Identified with the Aborigines of the Western Hemisphere in 1836. Aside from quoting a plethora of biblical sources to defend her thesis, Simon also claims that early Mexican paintings found by Spanish conquistadors contain "allusions to the restoration of the dispersed tribes of Israel."
In addition to Simon's work, other books emerged during the early part of the 19th century in support of the Native American/lost tribes of Israel theory. Books like A View of the American Indians by Israel Worsley in 1828, American Antiquities and Discoveries in the West by Josiah Priest in 1835, and the before mentioned View of the Hebrews by Ethan Smith in 1825. All of these works combined to create a spirit of enthusiasm that deeply favored the Native American/lost tribes of Israel connection.
Perhaps the most popular -- and most controversial -- interpretation on the origins of Native Americans comes from Mormon founder and prophet Joseph Smith. During his youth, Smith claimed to have received a revelation from a heavenly messenger, who related to Smith the location of a hidden record of an ancient people:
He said there was a book deposited, written upon gold plates, giving an account of the former inhabitants of this continent, and the source from whence they sprang. He also said that the fullness of the everlasting Gospel was contained in it, as delivered by the Savior to the ancient inhabitants.This record, which eventually became known to the world as The Book of Mormon was allegedly a scriptural account of God's dealings with a remnant of Jewish descendants who had migrated to America during ancient times. As the Book of Mormon's introduction puts it:
The Book of Mormon is a volume of holy scripture comparable to the Bible. It is a record of God’s dealings with the ancient inhabitants of the Americas and contains, as does the Bible, the fullness of the everlasting gospel.Regardless of their origins, the role of religion in shaping the perception of early American society was extraordinary. The aura of mystery that shrouded the origins of the various Native American tribes kept early Americans in suspense for centuries. For a people who were primarily defined by Christian doctrine, the "Indians" of the New World became a living exhibit of their biblical doctrine. By clothing these native tribes in the robes of the lost tribes of Israel, Christian zealots found an additional motive for their further conversion to their brand of Christianity.
The book was written by many ancient prophets by the spirit of prophecy and revelation. Their words, written on gold plates, were quoted and abridged by a prophet-historian named Mormon. The record gives an account of two great civilizations. One came from Jerusalem in 600 B.C., and afterward separated into two nations, known as the Nephites and the Lamanites. The other came much earlier when the Lord confounded the tongues at the Tower of Babel. This group is known as the Jaredites. After thousands of years, all were destroyed except the Lamanites, and they are the principal ancestors of the American Indians.
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A handful of satellite images released by Amnesty International on Wednesday show the degree of artillery bombing in Aleppo, where members of the Free Syrian Army are engaged in a vicious battle with forces loyal to Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.
The first photo, below, shows yellow dots that indicate over 600 craters, most likely from artillery shelling, in Anadan. The images were collected over a period of a week, from July 23 to Aug. 1.
A second satellite image gives an overview of military activity in Aleppo from July 23 to Aug. 1, showing the positions of military checkpoints, roadblocks and locations of artillery.
A slightly closer look at another image shows possible craters from artillery fire, around a residential housing complex in the town of Anadan.
Other images posted online show people lining up at gas stations to buy cooking gas and vehicle fuel as well as trucks on fire at road intersections in Aleppo.
According to Reuters, forces loyal to Assad have been able to push the rebels back in Aleppo, signaling that government forces have launched a fresh offensive in an attempt to move rebels out of major parts of the city.
See photos from Aleppo, as fighting escalates.
Read more stories from our Syria coverage:
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Welcome to the West Point Leadership Center
The WPLC provides an environment to study leadership science, capture the essence of the processes that transform cadets into leaders, and tackle the issues facing leaders in today’s global society.
Operating at the nexus of the military, the private sector, government, technology, and society, a Leadership Center at West Point prepares leaders – ranging from cadets to statesmen – to tackle, and resolve the world's most formidable challenges.
• USMA CLass of '83 DLS is a faculty-run lecture series that supports cadet development. The DLS brings influential leaders from all sectors to West Point to address cadets. The series hosts eight speakers a year with all cadets majoring in Leadership Development participating, or approximately 300 to 400 cadets. While at West Point, visiting speakers meet with the Superintendent, discuss leadership with smaller select groups of cadets, and receive a tour of the Academy. The rest of their visit is customized to meet a speaker’s business and personal interests.
• The Leadership Center’s Black & Gold Forum is a cadet-run forum. It gives cadets the opportunity to engage with prominent leaders and leadership thinkers from all walks of life. The B&G Forum typically organizes one major lecture at the Academy, which is attended by roughly 300 cadets. In addition, the B&G Forum gives 60 cadets the chance to take two domestic trips and one international trip a year to meet with recognized leaders where they work. Cadets identify the leaders with whom they would like to interact. Lastly, cadets involved in the B&G Forum attend many of the monthly lectures offered by the Leadership Center’s Distinguished Leader Series (DLS) and interact with the DLS speakers in smaller group discussions.
• The Cadet Leadership Conference is an annual event organized and run by cadets in interaction with other college student leaders from around the world facilitated by preeminent thought leaders on the subject of leadership.
• The World Leadership Conference will bring together the world’s best military and civilian leaders to confer on issues challenging leaders globally. Modeled in part on the World Economic Forum held in Davos, Switzerland, this conference will be the world’s most respected senior leadership forum. Faculty will facilitate the dialogues and cadets will be offered the opportunity to participate as observers.
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The PA Times, published by the American Society of Public Administration, has just issued a special edition called “From Bureaucratic to Cool: A Call for Public Service”. My article on “Crowdsourced Ideas Make Participating in Government Cool Again” describes how government agencies on all levels are turning to Open Innovation platforms to collect the wisdom of the crowds either from their employees or from the public in general. They are closing an important gap that social media platforms so far were not able to address: open innovation platforms are proving a mechanism for targeted knowledge sourcing and knowledge incubation. Innovative ideas and knowledge are not hidden among thousands of comments on Facebook or retweets on Twitter. One of the most prominent examples is Challenge.gov run by GSA – that has just celebrated its first anniversary.
Here is the full reference:
Mergel, I. (2011): Crowdsourced Ideas Make Participating in Government Cool Again, in: PA Times, American Society for Public Administration, Vol. 34, No. 4, October 2011, p. 4 & 6, Special Issue: From Bureaucratic to Cool: A Call for Public Service.
Here is the original text that was cross-posted as an editorial on Crowdsourcing.org:
Challenges as game changers for collaborative knowledge incubation in the public sector
Harnessing the knowledge citizens and government employees are willing to share on social media applications in the public sector is one of the most difficult things to do in the era of Government 2.0. Every day thousands of citizens are commenting on government Facebook posts and blog entries or reshare information published on Twitter. Rarely has government the opportunity to harvest innovative ideas and knowledge that is published through these channels. The main reason for many agencies to set up an organizational account is still “to be where the people are”. Recently Open Innovation platforms have started to address this disconnect and are providing an easy access to participate in making government cool again.
Opening government to crowdsourced ideas
Social media tools, such as blogs, Twitter or Facebook, are great channels to collect and encourage citizens to provide their insights on the issues and plans of government. Unfortunately, today’s standard social networking services do not have the capability to automatically extract and collate new knowledge or ideas from content that citizens are submitting through the existing commenting channels. In some cases the sheer volume of comments makes proper analysis very difficult. The challenge is to extract new ideas or valuable insights from the influx of comments in a productive and efficient way.
One challenge that agencies are facing when they are using social media is that it is really difficult to access the knowledge that is potentially created in retweets or Facebook comments. For one, the sheer volume of comments an agency receives has become unmanageable. Dashboard solutions, such as Radian6 might help to give a general overview how the “temperature” is among audiences retweeting and commenting on issues government is concerned about. It becomes far more challenging to actually curate content and extract new ideas and innovative knowledge out of the steady flow of information that comes into government with every tweet or comment.
Open innovation platforms are designed to fill this gap. Using a crowdsourcing approach, government can use the platform for an open call to a large, usually undefined group of people (all citizens, potential contractors or industry representatives, citizen programmers, etc.), so that many different people can contribute to the solution of a complex government task. The platform then helps to direct and coordinate the input of citizens (or application developers, knowledge matter experts, companies, etc.) – which is oftentimes messy and overwhelming on social media channels. These Open Innovation mechanisms to crowdsource solutions are useful for issues where expert knowledge might not be available or is too expensive to access. They also help to improve participation and engagement of citizens. Crowdsourcing provides a platform for governments to engage citizens directly into the decision making process.
Virtually any topic can be crowd-sourced within government, meaning that agencies can post an issue in the form of a “challenge” and ask for the submission of solutions. The focus is on innovation, creativity and the generation of new ideas from stakeholders and/or subject matter experts. In some cases the Open Innovation platform allows participation not only to submit their ideas, but also to provide additional information on how their idea can be executed, and every participant can comment on all other submitted ideas. The agency will select the best solution or set of solutions and the winners are often compensated in some way. This approach is more cost effective than the traditional requests for proposals, which are often time-consuming and have a very specific design criteria and solution in mind. A challenge opens the conversation and allows the “crowd” to come up with the solution, often without rigid requirements.
Open innovation platforms are design to coordinate and streamline the submission and influx of innovative ideas. Local governments are also using open innovation platforms in a similar fashion. New York City’s “NYC SimpliCity” is used to generate cost-saving ideas from employees. The City of Mesa, Arizona’s iMesa program is a response to the economic downturn, designed to collect citizens’ ideas to save money. Harford County, Maryland’s Idea Factory also solicits ideas from constituents designed to stimulate new ideas and innovation. Some of these platforms allow citizens to vote on each other’s ideas and earn “points” for every online activity they perform on the platform. In some localities these virtual points can be traded in for real-life products, such as a ride with the police chief for a day in the City of Manor, TX (see http://www.cityofmanor.org/labs).
Platforms and their use differ depending on the goals and needs of each agency. Some platforms, such as the New York City Simplicity platform are used for internal purposes only. City employees are asked to help the city be more innovative and help to save costs during major budget crunches (http://www.nyc.gov/html/simplicity). Other platforms are mostly used to crowdsource citizen ideas on how to innovate government operations, such as Harford County’s Innovation portal (http://harfordcountymd.spigit.com/Page/Home).
While we truly observe only the first lighthouse projects and experiments with Open Innovation platforms, designing challenges is relatively easy. GSA’s Challenge.gov for example provides the platform for free to all federal agencies and challenge administrators can follow a relatively straightforward process.
The devil lies in the detail. Here are a few lessons learned from Open Innovation administrators who started to experiment with their local platforms:
- Start by carefully crafting the problem statement you want your employees or citizens to solve. The challenge has to be posed in plain language so that non-experts immediately understand the problem.
- Experiment with challenges in-house first before opening the floodgates to the public. Your internal sandbox can provide valuable insights to streamline the process for public challenges.
- Design participation incentives: Think about monetary and non-monetary give-aways that no one else offers and make it worth participating in the challenge. Showcasing submitted solutions on your website can be an incentive for citizens to participate – others might want a monetary return on their time and ideas invested in helping government.
- Set a time limit: Close your challenge after a predefined time and make sure that you communicate the duration and elapsed time to your participants. Having that one time opportunity to submit an idea can also serve as an incentive for participants.
- Create a transparent evaluation process: Post the evaluation steps and experts involved in judging the submitted solutions prominently on your website.
- Communicate how you plan to implement the final solution. Throughout the implementation process make sure to show the value of the crowdsourced solution: How much money was saved? Why are government operations now running smoother than before?
The following table provides an overview of current open innovation platforms on all levels of government:
|Agency name||Platform name||
Platform open to
Employee idea generation
Citizen idea generation
|New York City||NYC Simplicity||x|
|Maricopa County, AZ||Idea Factor for “Rewarding Ideas”||x|
|City of Manor, TX||Manor Labs||x|
|Harford County, MD||Harford County Innovation portal||x|
|State of Washington||Transforming Washington’s Budget||x|
|State of Vermont||BroadbandVT.org||x|
|Department of Veterans Affairs||VAi2 – Veterans Affairs Innovation Initiative||x||x|
|NASA||NASA Idea Central||x|
Figure 2: Local, State and Federal Open Innovation Platforms
Challenges and prizes in government have the potential to reinvigorate government operations, inject new ideas into government that otherwise need to be purchased from vendors and consultants. An important effect of the platforms is a new-found transparency and accountability: Citizens and employees feel that their voices are heard and are willing to participate and engage with government again in the future. A win-win all around!
Ines Mergel is Assistant Professor of Public Administration at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Department of Public Administration and International Affairs, Center for Technology and Information Policy (CTIP), Syracuse University. eMail: email@example.com
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