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#Budget cuts to #Bills will make India more competitive on #Agriculture: The Times of India
In the next few months, the Government will introduce major cuts to the budget.
These cuts, according to a report in The Times Of India, will make the country more competitive.
“India has already made significant investments in its agri-food sector.
The budget will ensure that this investment will continue and the government will ensure the highest level of food security in the country,” the report said.
India has made significant and necessary investments in agri and dairy sectors, and is now seeking to continue this.
But the government has also made some bold moves, like imposing a tax on imports of beef.
The new budget will make it much easier for the government to enact its plans to tax meat.
It will also make it easier to introduce other measures that are part of a broader strategy to reduce India’s debt, including raising the capital gains tax, increasing the value-added tax, and hiking the minimum wage.
India will be able to achieve the goals it set in the Budget in the coming months.
But even with the big cut in the budget, the country still needs a major boost.
The country’s debt is around $10 trillion.
As a country, India has been struggling to come up with the necessary reforms to get to the $7 trillion goal of eliminating the debt by 2020.
With its budget now in place, India will have to take a big step forward, to help make that goal a reality.
This is a big opportunity for India to be seen as a strong country.
It’s also a chance for India’s leaders to show that they are taking bold, ambitious, and aggressive steps to help India reduce its debt.
It is an opportunity for all of us to make India’s economy more competitive, create more jobs, and build a better society.
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Emotional intelligence or EI is the ability to understand and manage your own emotions, and those of the people around you. People with a high degree of emotional intelligence know what they’re feeling, what their emotions mean, and how these emotions can affect other people. It includes a capacity of an individual to aware of, control and express their feelings to manage personal and professional relationships. Cognitive intelligence is defined as capability of person plan and solve problems by using complex ideas. The topic of my assignment is “emotional intelligence is more important than cognitive intelligence in influencing an individual, s success”. I am completely agree with this statement because emotional intelligence is most important than cognitive intelligence. Firstly, emotion is a major factor that contribute collaboration and working as a team in every field because if a person has control on their feelings and contributing energy to control temperament it results less frustration and successful control over multicultural teamwork within workplace. For instance: sometimes there are so many conflicts between team members regarding self concept or distribution of work that leads to complexity quarrel, incorporation and influence productivity of goal but really it does not happen when each member of the organisation has ability to control feelings.
Secondly, physical health is also affected by psychological or emotional health of a person. If we are always in tension or disoriented to our goal body feel low energetic and prone to illness. Those who are unable to control strain and pressure of a work that causes harm to the body or it have also bad impact on to achieve the goal. For example: a person has tension regarding cooperation with staff member to work together it results he left the job or fell lethargic and sick.
Moving forward, if an individual have strong emotions to manage complicated situations and work without stressful condition or those who have self awareness about their co-workers to achieve the common goal it results, be a good leader. To exemplify: leaders have capacity to identify problem, take decisions, multitasking and multicultural perception to analyze the community problems, emotions of society people and knowledge about how the behaviour of one person affect others.
In conclusion, I would like to say that emotional intelligence has large prospective than the cognitive intelligence in our work performance. it is true long performance maintain by cognitive but for achieving success in life without complication to control and manage your emotions.
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Copy contents of a dropdown list easily with a right-click.
This extension enables people to copy the contents of a dropdown menu (to be precise, an HTML `<select>` element) into their clipboard.
For people who are not familiar with the browser DevTools, they have to type manually to copy the contents. With this extension, they only need one right click.
- This extension doesn't work if the `<select>` element is inside an `<iframe>`.
- Due to the limitations of browser Clipboard API, the user must focus on the document, or the copy function will not work. For example, if you have the browser DevTools open and focus in the console, pressing "Copy Dropdown Contents" in the context menu will result in the "Document is not focused." error.
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While Facebook C.E.O. Mark Zuckerberg offered a measured rebuke of President Donald Trump’s immigration order, C.O.O. Sheryl Sandberg, the most prominent female executive in Silicon Valley, has been growing more forceful in her condemnations. On Thursday, in the wake of an earlier executive action making it harder for women around the world to access reproductive health care, the Lean In author shared a link to a New York Times story about the effects the so-called global gag rule will have on women. “We don't have to guess—we know what this will do,” she wrote, a day before the anti-abortion March for Life in Washington, D.C.
On Tuesday, Sandberg tore into the White House again, though she didn’t mention Trump by name, focusing on the harm his ban on refugees and immigration from seven Muslim-majority countries would have on women. Sandberg shared a picture of her great-grandmother, who immigrated from Lithuania to the United States through Ellis Island in the late 19th century to escape religious persecution. “The Executive Orders issued over the past week defy the heart and values that define the best of our nation,” she wrote in a Facebook post. “Families have been separated. Frightened children have been detained in airports without their parents. People seeking refuge have been turned away and sent back to the danger they just managed to flee. This is not how it should be in America.”
Sandberg, an advocate for women who has sometimes been criticized as representing a particularly corporate vision of feminism, explained how Trump’s executive order cracking down on immigration would have a disproportionate impact on women and families. “Anything that pulls families apart and traumatizes kids has a huge impact on women and their children,” she continued.
After criticizing Trump throughout the election, most tech leaders remained largely silent in the weeks following his electoral victory, with some vowing to work with the president to create jobs in the U.S. But the mood in Silicon Valley has shifted significantly in the days since Trump’s inauguration. Over the weekend, with H-1B worker visas reportedly on the line, tech leaders began speaking out en masse against the president’s immigration ban. The only major voice in Silicon Valley to express agreement with Trump’s action was Trump adviser Peter Thiel, another member of the Facebook board.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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Corona is giving us a really tough time. In our country we are following 21 days lock down. People are allowed to move outside only for buying necessities & also have to maintain social distancing. And whenever you step outside you have to wear a mask. This is causing a sudden demand of face mask. However government is doing it’s best and providing sanitizers and masks to the citizens. Still there is scarcity of masks. So in today’s post I am sharing how to make a cloth face mask at home. So that you can make masks for yourself, your family and needy people around you 🙂
What you will need:
- Two 10” by 6” cotton fabric
- Two 6” pieces of elastic (or rubber bands, string, cloth strips, or hair ties)
- Needle and thread (or bobby pin)
- Sewing machine or sewing kit
Step by step process:
1. Take a tightly woven cotton, such as cotton sheet or quilting fabric. Now cut two 10 by 6 inch rectangles of cloth or fabric. This measurement is for adult. If you are making mask for a kid then take measurement accordingly.
2. Fold over the long sides ¼ inch and hem. Then fold the double layer of fabric over ½ inch along the short sides and stitch down,
3. Now run a 6 inch length of 1/8-inch wide elastic through the wider hem on each side of the mask. This part will be the ear loops. You have to do this for both sides. Then use a needle (you can also use a needle) to thread it through. Tie the both ends tight.
4. Now you are almost done. Just pull on the elastic so that the knots are tucked inside the hem. Gather the sides of the mask on the elastic and adjust so the mask fits your face.
5. You should also securely stitch the elastic in place to keep it from slipping.
This mask will be in surgical mask style which means that it is not sealed around the face. Air can come through the both sides. But don’t worry as COVID-19 is spread through tiny water droplets that people shed when they cough, sneeze, and sometimes even breathe. So this mask will help and do remember to wear a mask before stepping out 🙂
No doubt cloth face masks cannot replace N95-certified respirator masks, which catch more than 95 percent of particulates but this will definitely work.
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Turkey’s always-complex zigzags between its Western allies and their respective strategic rivals are more than notorious. Russia is a case in point. A year ago Turkey and Russia were on the brink of war over Syria. Today they are in a courtship that may include critical defense and procurement cooperation.
The following items come courtesy of Newsweek, The Washington Post and US News and World Report. They have appeared within the last several days and are representative of the media coverage regarding NATO and Russia. The first, from Newsweek (link below), comes from the right-wing Heritage Foundation’s Nolan Peterson who, for his work covering the Ukrainian civil war, was given an award by the US Embassy in Kiev by Ambassador Geoffrey Pyatt.
Just ahead of the U.S. presidential elections, Russian President Vladimir Putin appears to be pushing his conflict with the West to new heights…
Officials in Finland, Sweden and Norway are concerned about what have become almost routine acts of Russian aggression, how they can respond, and whether they could prevent an incident, or even an accident, from spiraling out of control. So now, quietly, they’re preparing for a confrontation.
Jeffrey Carr, a cybersecurity consultant and author of “Inside Cyber Warfare,” has been skeptical of the intelligence community’s assessment of the hacks–and the media’s coverage of this assessment–from the beginning. He talks to host Bob Garfield about his doubts, the risks of false attribution, and why we need a higher standard of evidence when making claims about cyber war.
In November last year, Mikhail Lesin was found dead in a hotel in Washington, DC…Without directly accusing Putin of murder, various mainstream media outlets have implied it by including Lesin in lists of ‘opponents’ of the Russian ‘regime’ whom the Kremlin has allegedly ordered killed.
Although the U.S. presidential election has hardly been about real policy issues, the conflict in Syria and the fight against the Islamic State have been among the hot policy issues frequently debated by Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump in the past year. Though both have highlighted the threat of the Islamic State, they have differed on how to actually deal with it.
The whipping up of a New Cold War with Russia and the demonizing of Vladimir Putin extend beyond The Washington Post to virtually the entire U.S. political/media establishment which has plunged into this dangerous terrain without any more serious thought and analysis than preceded the Iraq invasion, except now the target for “regime change” is nuclear-armed Russia and this adventurism risks the extermination of life on the planet.
Both Russia and the US election have generated reams of silly commentary in recent months, and it’s never been sillier than when the two issues have been combined.
Nation Contributing Editor Stephen F. Cohen and John Batchelor continue their weekly discussions of the new US-Russian Cold War. (Previous installments are at TheNation.com.) Unlike most installments, which cover an array of news stories, this one focuses on a single but encompassing subject: the nearly decade-long demonization of Putin by the US political-media establishment.
Russia said on Wednesday that it would extend a moratorium on airstrikes in the Syrian city of Aleppo until Friday to give embattled antigovernment rebels a chance to leave the city and to “avoid senseless victims” of continued fighting.
Control of this God-like power will soon be transferred to a new president. But do we really want to trust anyone with this situation? Not just with the power to order a nuclear strike — but the responsibility of deciding whether to do so in just minutes, on the basis of sketchy, preliminary information? There’s been scant comment this political season on why it’s still like this.
Law enforcement officials say that none of the investigations so far have found any conclusive or direct link between Mr. Trump and the Russian government. And even the hacking into Democratic emails, F.B.I. and intelligence officials now believe, was aimed at disrupting the presidential election rather than electing Mr. Trump.
KCRW hosts NYU and Princeton Prof. Emeritus Stephen F. Cohen, the German Marshall Fund’s Derek Chollet, the Atlantic Council’s Elizabeth Braw, and RAND’s David Shlapak to discuss the tensions on in the Baltic region between NATO and Russia.
On Monday night, Slate published a lengthy story written by Franklin Foer exploring an odd connection between Trump’s businesses and a bank in Russia. Researchers looking to track Russian attempts at hacking American political interests noticed that a server at the bank had been connecting to a server linked to Trump — sporadically, in a pattern that they felt was indicative of interpersonal communication.
Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu said on Tuesday a Western failure to rein in violent Islamists in Syria had indefinitely delayed the resumption of peace talks.
The U.S. and Russia are the world’s two mightiest nuclear powers, and yet over the years, they’ve made deals to reduce their respective arsenals.
In the course of arguing that Comey’s disclosure that the FBI is looking into new Hillary Clinton investigation emails may have violated the Hatch Act, Reid slips in an extremely bold claim about the Trump campaign and the Russian government.
Almost goofily, behind Official Washington’s latest warmongering “group think,” the U.S. has plunged into a New Cold War against Russia with no debate about the enormous costs and the extraordinary risks of nuclear annihilation, Gray Brechin observes.
To see how good relations are between Russia and China these days, check out Novodevichy Cemetery here. Chinese tourists arrive by the busload each week to pay their respects to Wang Ming, a Chinese Communist leader buried here alongside some of Russia’s most prominent writers, composers and politicians.
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A second sun has risen above the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, with the rousing launch of Soyuz TMA-13M and three new resident crew members for the International Space Station (ISS). Liftoff occurred precisely on time at historic Site 1/5—the very same location from which Yuri Gagarin began his historic mission, more than 53 years ago—at 1:57:41 a.m. local time Thursday, 29 May (3:57:41 p.m. EDT Wednesday). At the time of writing, Russian cosmonaut Maksim Surayev, NASA astronaut Reid Wiseman, and Germany’s Alexander Gerst are midway through a six-hour, four-orbit “fast rendezvous” profile, in anticipation of a docking at the station’s Earth-facing (or “nadir”) Rassvet module within a time “bracket” up to three minutes either side of 9:48 p.m. EDT Wednesday. They will join the incumbent Expedition 40 crew of NASA astronaut Steve Swanson and Russian cosmonauts Aleksandr Skvortsov and Oleg Artemyev, who have been aboard the orbital outpost since late March.
With the prime crew and their backups—Russian cosmonaut Anton Shkaplerov, NASA astronaut Terry Virts, and Italy’s Samantha Cristoforetti—having journeyed from the Star City cosmonauts’ training center, on the forested outskirts of Moscow, to Baikonur in desolate Kazakhstan, on 15 May, the final preparations for today’s launch have proceeded exceptionally smoothly, in spite of ongoing tensions between Russia and the West over the ongoing strife in Ukraine. As described in yesterday’s AmericaSpace preview story of the mission, the Soyuz-FG booster was rolled horizontally from its assembly building to the launch pad early Monday, 26 May. It was then elevated into a vertical configuration, preparatory to final processing operations. “The Soyuz business end is pointed in the right direction!” quipped NASA Chief Astronaut Bob Behnken in a tweet. Yesterday (Wednesday), the Russian State Commission formally declared that Soyuz TMA-13M was “Go” for launch.
The final hours before each Soyuz launch are laden with symbolism and tradition, as illustrated by yesterday’s blessing of the rocket (and of the assembled media) by a Russian Orthodox priest. Today, Surayev, Wiseman, and Gerst were awakened about 8.5 hours before launch, after which they showered, rubbed down with disinfectant, and enjoyed breakfast, then signed their hotel room doors within the Cosmonaut Hotel. Each man received an Orthodox blessing for their six-month mission ahead. The three men were transported by bus to Site 254 at Baikonur, where they were helped into their “Sokol” (“Falcon”) launch and entry suits. Following standard pressure and leak checks, Surayev, Wiseman, and Gerst spoke briefly to family and friends, before heading out to their final destination on this Earth: Site 1/5 and the Soyuz-FG vehicle which would shortly boost them beyond Earth’s sensible atmosphere and en-route for the ISS.
At 11:15 p.m. local time (1:15 p.m. EDT) Wednesday, Gerst tweeted to his 23,600 followers that he was “In the bus on the way to Gagarin’s launch pad,” adding that “Adrenaline is rising, but feel relaxed.” For his part, Wiseman had already signed off for his 21,300-strong Twitter crowd on Tuesday evening. “Thanks for the amazing support,” he told them. “Time for me to focus on the task at hand. Next tweet will be from space!! Cheers, Reid.” A few minutes after Gerst’s tweet, the three men arrived at the base of the pad and took the elevator up to Soyuz TMA-13M. Meanwhile, Bob Behnken tweeted an image of the rocket on the pad. Captured also in NASA TV imagery, it was an eerie scene, as the three men appeared enveloped in a swirling fog of boiled-off cryogenic gases. With Surayev—the only veteran member of the crew, on his second mission—positioned in the center seat of the bell-shaped descent module, Wiseman took his place on the left side of the cabin and Gerst on the right. Also accompanying them into orbit was a small toy giraffe, hanging in the cabin to provide an indicator of the onset of weightlessness, courtesy of Wiseman’s daughter.
The final two hours of pre-launch preparations ran like clockwork. The rocket transferred to its internal guidance system, and, at T-40 minutes, the servicing tower was retracted, exposing the full beauty of a vehicle which can trace its ancestry back to the world’s first intercontinental ballistic missile, the R-7, conceived in the 1950s. Following the conclusion of fueling with RP-1 and liquid oxygen, the propellant loading entered a “topping mode,” whereby all cryogenic boil-off was rapidly replenished until shortly before launch. This ensured that the liquid oxygen tanks were kept at Flight Ready levels, ahead of the ignition of the first-stage engines. In the last 15 minutes, the Launch Abort System (LAS) was armed and switched to Automatic Mode, and at T-5 minutes Commander Surayev’s controls were activated and the crew were instructed to close their visors. Internal avionics were initiated, and the on-board flight controllers were spooled-up to monitor the rocket’s myriad systems during its ascent to low-Earth orbit.
Inside the control bunker, the “launch key”—an actual, physical key—was inserted at T-5 minutes, effectively enabling the ordnance to support Soyuz TMA-13M’s voyage into space. The final phase of the countdown saw the completion of nitrogen purging, the pressurization of propellant tanks, and the continued topping-off of cryogenics. At T-10 seconds, the turbopumps on the central core of the rocket and the four tapering strap-on boosters awokr and the engines were confirmed at full power. This produced a retraction of the fueling tower and a perfect, on-time liftoff into the darkened Baikonur sky at 1:57:41 a.m. local time Thursday, 29 May (3:57:41 p.m. EDT Wednesday).
Rising rapidly, the vehicle exceeded 1,100 mph (1,770 km/h) within a minute of liftoff, produced a clipped “Flight Nominal” from the Russian-speaking announcer. At T+118 seconds, at an altitude of about 28 miles (45 km), the four tapering boosters exhausted their propellant and were jettisoned, leaving the central core and its single RD-108 engine to continue the boost. By two minutes into the flight, the vehicle was traveling in excess of 3,350 mph (5,390 km/h).
The payload shroud and escape tower fell away shortly afterward, and, about four minutes and 58 seconds after departing Baikonur, the central core separated at an altitude of 105 miles (170 km). At this point, the third and final stage of the Soyuz-FG ignited to boost Surayev, Wiseman, and Gerst to a near-orbital velocity of 13,420 mph (21,600 km/h). By nine minutes into the mission, at 4:07 p.m. EDT, when the third stage finally exhausted its propellant and separated, the crew was officially in space. Aboard Soyuz TMA-13M, the first indication of the peculiar condition, known as “microgravity,” came when Wiseman’s toy giraffe began to comically float, rather than hang, on the end of its cord. According to Spaceflight101, the targeted “insertion orbit” is 124 x 150 miles (200 x 242 km), inclined 51.67 degrees relative to the equator, after which a series of maneuvering “burns” will be performed by the crew to gradually align their craft with the 256 x 259-mile (413 x 417 km) orbit of the ISS itself.
The first burn was scheduled to occur at about 44 minutes after launch. Lasting 92.9 seconds, it was designed to increase Soyuz TMA-13M’s velocity by about 123.1 feet per second (37.54 meters per second) and raising its orbital altitude by about 35.6 miles (57.3 km). Forty-three minutes after the first burn, a second firing—lasting 87.3 seconds—was tasked with imparting an increase in velocity of 117 feet per second (35.67 meters per second) and raising the altitude by another 41.6 miles (67 km).
Three further rendezvous burns will take place a little over two hours into the mission. During the launch of the previous mission, Soyuz TMA-12M on 25 March, a software problem prevented the third burn from taking place, and, by default, the subsequent engine firings were also scrubbed. The mission—which bore the current Expedition 40 crew of Swanson, Skvortsov, and Artemyev into space—reverted to its standard, two-day rendezvous profile and docked successfully at the ISS on 27 March.
Assuming Surayev, Wiseman, and Gerst experience no similar problems, they will set to work on the third and fourth burns whilst over a Russian ground station. “During the first ground station pass, refined parameters for burns 3 and 4 are uplinked to the spacecraft, based on the actual insertion orbit measured shortly after launch,” it was explained by Spaceflight101. “These updates will slightly shift the times of ignition of the burns and also modify the planned delta-V values to target the specific orbit needed for the initiation of the Automated Rendezvous.” The third burn was due to occur at T+2 hours and 4 minutes, delivering Soyuz TMA-13M into an orbit of 210 x 233 miles (338 x 375 km), after which the fourth burn at T+2 hours and 35 minutes would raise their altitude still further and almost circularize it at 223.7 x 233.6 miles (360 x 376 km).
From this circularized orbit, continued Spaceflight101, the Automated Rendezvous Sequence with the ISS will commence at 7:42 p.m. EDT, a little under four hours into the mission. A fifth maneuvering burn will further refine the approach, leading to a flyaround of the station and docking at Rassvet, which is planned to occur within a three-minute “bracket” of time, around 9:48 p.m. EDT. In the aftermath of “Contact and Capture,” a lengthy and complex protocol of pressure and leak checks will be conducted, preparatory to the opening of hatches between Soyuz TMA-13M and the ISS about 90 minutes later. The arrival of Surayev, Wiseman, and Gerst will bring the Expedition 40 crew up to its full, six-man strength. The new arrivals are scheduled to spend 166 days in space, forming the second half of Expedition 40 until 11 September and later the core of Expedition 41, before returning to Earth on 10 November.
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School funding will be made simpler, fairer and more transparent as the Government levels up education across the country.
At the moment, the Government provides funding for schools according to a formula that takes account of factors including the needs of individual pupils and much more. But each local council sets its own formula for how to distribute that funding between schools in its area. It means similar schools can get different levels of funding – just because they happen to be in different parts of the country.
Today, Thursday 8 July, the Government is launching a consultation that seeks views on how to simplify that process and, ensure all schools are funded on a single, fair and consistent basis.
The Government is providing the biggest uplift to school funding in a decade – £14 billion in total over the three years to 2022-23 –as well as investing in early years education and targeting ambitious recovery funding, worth £3 billion to date, to support disadvantaged pupils aged two to 19 with their attainment.
School Standards Minister Nick Gibb said:
The Government say the proposals in this consultation will help to complete the current programme of reforms to the funding system. They say it will make the funding system simpler and more transparent for all involved by better matching funding to the needs of each school and delivering on the government’s manifesto commitment to level up education across the country.
It will also help to underpin the government’s ambition for all schools to be part of a strong multi-academy trust, meaning all schools within a multi academy trust will be funded on a consistent basis, regardless of which local authority they happen to be located in. This will provide trusts with the predictability needed to make the best use of resources and drive up academic standards.
The consultation will also allow the department, with the sector, to work through how specific aspects of the current funding system would need to change and be developed, including:
- Ensuring a smooth transition for schools as we implement reforms.
- Supporting effective SEND provision for schools.
- Developing the schools NFF, particularly to improve how funding is allocated to schools that face additional premises costs.
This is the first stage of the consultation on these reforms to the NFF, and it will be open for responses until Thursday 30 September. A second stage consultation will be published at a later date with more detailed proposals, following feedback to this first consultation.
The department os Education says it recognises that these “proposals mark a major reform to the funding system, and is therefore taking a gradual, measured approach. In completing these reforms to the NFF over a number of years, we will consider the impact of each transitional step before making the next move. A majority of local authorities have moved towards the NFF since its introduction in 2018- 19. 73 local authorities, of 150, are now mirroring the NFF funding factors almost exactly. Our proposals will ensure continued, gradual movement of LA formulae towards the NFF.”
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<urn:uuid:15027e46-9baa-4a6e-8f5f-927eb2e11401>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://conservativepost.co.uk/school-funding-to-be-made-fairer-and-clearer/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00264.warc.gz
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Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are a class of proteins that are rapidly turning upside down the dogmatic idea that structure encodes function in proteins1,2. Proteins that were previously ignored because they had large structurally disordered regions are now emerging as important contributors to a myriad of functions ranging from regulation of stress response to structural materials in organisms. A unique property of many IDPs is their ability to phase separate in response to stimuli such as concentration, pH, and temperature3-5. While IDPs are a hot topic in cellular biology, in many ways the field of genetically engineered protein materials that we come from has been unwittingly working on —and designing at the sequence level— artificial IDPs for decades6,7. Silk, resilin, and elastin, for example, all depend on intrinsically disordered regions for their attractive material properties, and years of materials design and engineering in this field has led to an understanding of how to use structural disorder to design phase behavior from the ground up.
Using these principles, in 2018 our team published a paper on a new type of protein material, a “partially-ordered polymer”, that is capable of reversibly phase separating into a solid scaffold with two unique properties8: first, upon undergoing its phase transition, rather than forming a featureless liquid phase that is immiscible in water, these polymers phase separate into a solid material with a beautiful fractal-like network of interconnected pores. Second, the temperature at which these features form upon heating is higher than the temperature required to dissolve them upon cooling— this is a form of thermal hysteresis. Both features are very difficult —if not impossible—to predict or program into a material a priori, and we were hence excited that we had serendipitously stumbled upon a material where both features could be rationally tuned at the sequence level. A consistent comment we would get from our colleagues was: “Really cool! But what are these properties good for?” Our arguments “it allows us to probe solubility dynamics in IDPs related to certain diseases” or “the thermodynamic driving force behind hysteresis is the key to scaffold formation” were accepted but did not gain any true traction. We knew at the end of the day, that we had to build something new with it.
This manuscript is, in many ways, our response, a demonstration that a new material with new properties can have new applications. By borrowing a key concept from cell biology, that IDPs are used to create spatially segregated regions within a cell —membraneless organelles, we set out to apply that same concept to the development of microparticles with internal architectures that were previously not possible to create. These new microparticles should, we hope, lead to new applications in biotechnology, biomaterials, and drug delivery.
1 Babu, M. M. The contribution of intrinsically disordered regions to protein function, cellular complexity, and human disease. Biochem Soc Trans 44, 1185-1200, doi:10.1042/BST20160172 (2016).
2 van der Lee, R. et al. Classification of intrinsically disordered regions and proteins. Chem Rev 114, 6589-6631, doi:10.1021/cr400525m (2014).
3 Boeynaems, S. et al. Spontaneous driving forces give rise to protein-RNA condensates with coexisting phases and complex material properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 116, 7889-7898, doi:10.1073/pnas.1821038116 (2019).
4 Pak, C. W. et al. Sequence determinants of intracellular phase separation by complex coacervation of a disordered protein. Mol Cell 63, 72-85, doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2016.05.042 (2016).
5 Quiroz, F. G. & Chilkoti, A. Sequence heuristics to encode phase behaviour in intrinsically disordered protein polymers. Nat Mater 14, 1164-1171, doi:10.1038/nmat4418 (2015).
6 Dzuricky, M., Roberts, S. & Chilkoti, A. Convergence of artificial protein polymers and intrinsically disordered proteins. Biochemistry 57, 2405-2414, doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00056 (2018).
7 Roberts, S., Dzuricky, M. & Chilkoti, A. Elastin-like polypeptides as models of intrinsically disordered proteins. FEBS Lett 589, 2477-2486, doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2015.08.029 (2015).
8 Roberts, S. et al. Injectable tissue integrating networks from recombinant polypeptides with tunable order. Nat Mater 17(12):1154–1163. doi:10.1038/s41563-018-0182-6 (2018).
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://chemistrycommunity.nature.com/posts/61639-disordered-proteins-as-biotech-building-blocks?badge_id=277-contributor
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The unusually wet summer of 2009 has thrown Fort Morgan’s water utility budget out of whack, and city officials will fast-track a new rate study to find out, among other things, if a water rate increase is warranted.
The Fort Morgan City Council and several city staffers discussed the issue during a work session on the preliminary 2010 budget Thursday evening.
Thursday’s session dealt with the city’s enterprise funds, which include the five utility departments — electric, gas, water, waste water and sanitation — as well as several other departments that are budgeted under those enterprise funds, like utility billing, inventory control and network administration.
The council held a work session last week to review the proposed 2010 general fund budget, which covers most of the city’s operations other than utilities.
The proposed city budget for 2010 is set for review by the council at its work session next Tuesday and for preliminary approval at the council’s Nov. 17 meeting. The budget will include a new schedule of fees for various city programs and activities and the proposal for capital improvements funding.
The utility funds are operated as separate “enterprises” or businesses of the city, with a goal of bringing in enough revenue to cover the costs of providing the utility services. These costs include debt on the expenses of building the utility systems as well as the cost of purchasing natural gas, water and electric power, and the operation and maintenance of the systems, among other expenses.
The council must review the budgets for these departments to ensure that the rates the city charges for the services will cover its expenses, but are not too high or too low. This balancing act includes projections on the cost of power or water, as well as expected usage and expenses for each utility, as well as other factors.
The utility enterprise funds are essentially in good shape, City Manager Pat Merrill told the council, but the water fund currently shows revenue falling short of expenses by about $622,000 for 2009.
Water Resources Director Gary Dreessen pointed out that the weather this year has played a large role in that shortfall.
“The reason the water fund is in the shape it’s in is that we didn’t sell any water,” Dreessen said, referring to the fact that consumption was down significantly because, for example, people did not water lawns nearly as much as usual last summer.
He said he has been told by water consultants that “every water fund in the state is in basically the same situation.”
Councilman James Powers also noted that the city’s water revenues will be negatively affected by a new agreement with Cargill Meat Solutions approved by the council last month. That agreement lowered
Cargill’s rate for water to the same rate per thousand gallons paid by other city water customers.
“We just passed a sweet deal for Cargill, reducing their $2.60 (per 1,000 gallons) to $2.40,” Powers said.
“That’s taking a big chunk out of our revenue.”
City Treasurer Terri Schafer said reserves in the water fund are more than adequate to cover the shortfall for the short term, and Powers suggested getting a new rate study done as soon as possible so the city can adjust rates if necessary.
Mayor Jack Darnell said a water rate increase appears likely.
“We’re probably going to have to raise rates,” he said.
Dreessen said consulting firm TEC could perform a rate study of both the water and waste water systems for about $35,000, and Schafer said about half that cost could be covered from funding already in the 2009 water and waste water budgets for engineering and consultant fees.
Merrill said TEC had already gone through the competitive bidding process and was retained as one of the city’s as-needed consultants. Powers said the company has done work for the city in the past and is very thorough and qualified.
Dreessen said TEC could provide a study of the city’s revenues and expenses that would show on a spreadsheet the impact of various percentage rate increases on the enterprise fund over time.
Powers also asked about the revenues from a $5 monthly surcharge for water customers approved by the council last year. Those revenues were to be earmarked for future costs associated with the city’s participation in the Northern Integrated Supply Project, a water storage project that the city hopes will meet its future water needs for years to come.
The revenues from the surcharge have not been accounted for separately, however, and Powers asked that this be done so the budget will reflect where that NISP reserve fund stands.
Merrill said this could be done after the 2010 budget is completed.
The council also briefly discussed the electric, gas, waste water and sanitation funds, which appear to be healthy, according to the officials.
The sanitation — or trash collection — fund, in fact, is perhaps too healthy, Merrill noted.
Even after the city purchased a new trash collection truck last year, Merrill said, the fund balance continues to grow.
As a result, Merrill said he would like to reduce the fees charged to downtown businesses for trash collection, which have been charged a different fee than other customers. This has caused some businesses to switch to private collection companies, he said, because the city’s rates are not competitive.
After the first of the year, Merrill said, the city could look at its sanitation rates citywide and adjust them to have the fund break even, “with a little cushion.”
“We look at gas and electric (rates and fund balances) every year, and we need to do this with sanitation, too,” he said.
Darnell said city staff should check with county officials about possible future changes in fees or regulations at the landfill, so the city can better plan its budget for the sanitation fund.
He noted that the sanitation fund “used to struggle” but is now doing well and he was not sure why.
Powers and Merrill noted that the sanitation fund balance is probably growing in part because the city is buying better equipment. The city’s old trash trucks needed frequent repairs, which added to expenses, and the new ones also compact trash more effectively, reducing the number of trips that must be made to the landfill.
— Contact John Brennan at firstname.lastname@example.org.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.fortmorgantimes.com/2009/11/06/budget-may-dictate-water-rate-hike/
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Highlighting The Kirkland Art Center With Oneida County Tourism
Oneida County Tourism is celebrating National Travel and Tourism Week now through May 9th. You can celebrate with virtual #CNYGetaways all week long. One place known for amazing art here in CNY is the Kirkland Art Center.
The Kirkland Art Center was established in 1960 in the village of Clinton. For its beginnings, it used the second floor of the town library as a meeting place. The KAC is now an active, regional, multi-arts center, located in an old church right off the village green.
KAC has become a major cultural force in central New York and through cooperation with other cultural institutions has developed a network of services and opportunities for artists and art lovers of all disciplines.
One of the many amazing classes offered at The Kirkland Art Center is Wheel Throwing with Justin Mastrangelo.
“Wheel Throwing” - (4 Weeks, 3 hours each day)
Enjoy the peace of mind working with clay and learning how to make pottery by hand on the potter’s wheel. Justin will guide you step-by-step as you create mugs, bowls, vases, and vessels. If you’ve been curious about clay, come and make some magic of your very own."
The KAC offers Adult Art classes, teen art classes, kids art classes, dance programs, fitness programs, local concerts, and more. You can learn more right on their website, or by visiting them in Clinton when the Coronavirus pandemic has slowed down.
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https://961theeagle.com/highlighting-the-kirkland-art-center-with-oneida-county-tourism/
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The Pros and Cons of Going on a Shoestring Budget Summer Vacation
A summer vacation with family or friend is enjoyable to all. It’s refreshing, memorable and a very good way to improve relationship with friends and family. But like every other positive things in life, it also has some not-to-be-liked aspects also. A low budge summer vacation can easily be arranged anytime. Let’s see its pros and cons.
A summer vacation provides your tired mind and body a long wished for rest. After a long time of work pressure and tension such a vacation is a must to boost energy for further work. A vacation means relief from the mechanical city life and having to repeat the same thing every day. You feel light on a vacation and can indulge in pleasures you don’t get at home or work. You can simply forget all formalities and adulthood and be a child. The memory of a good vacation is enough refreshment for the mind for next one year. The older you get, the dearer the memories become.
The nagging cold and disturbing minor diseases are gone is summer, so you can get out tension free and get off on a happy vacation. You can get your skin tanned on some beautiful beach or have a reverie bathing in some river or sea.
A vacation lets you see new places and people. You get to know about other cultures. Seeing people and places different from you lets you understand yourself and your culture better. Besides these, getting close to nature offers you an opportunity to purify you mind and shake of all the rigidity and narrowness. It’s a great way for one to see the world which is much bigger and greater than one’s office or classroom and be sociable.
A vacation takes you through some exotic and new experiences and experience is the best teacher. So a vacation doesn’t mean your study or career are paused, they’re very well on. So fill your mind with experiences while on a vacation besides filling your bag with gifts for family and friends.
The problem with a vacation is that it makes you forget work, study, homework and gets you used to a thrilling life. So, after coming back home, you have problem getting back to your work and daily routine and feel a bit disturbed with your daily not-so-thrilling routine. You realize that your hometown is a boring place unlike the place that you’ve just been to. You get up in the morning not with the pleasant and exiting thought of visiting new places but with the thought of having to go to work or school. It’s especially bad for idlers. Besides, homemade food may taste bland compared to the delicious items you have tasted while vacationing.
While you’re enjoying your vacation with some of your friends and family members, you must miss your other friends and family members. But it’s never possible to take them all on a vacation.
So plan your vacation considering the pros and cons but never let the cons make you reluctant to go on a vacation.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://thingsyouneedtoknow.today/2018/01/15/the-pros-and-cons-of-going-on-a-shoestring-budget-summer-vacation/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00264.warc.gz
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The Xiqu Centre is designed to meet recognised sustainability standards and to reduce energy consumption in line with the guidance provided by BEAM Plus Gold Rating.
A cultural sanctuary, blending theatre, art and public space, the Xiqu Centre is a place for contemplation and celebration. Like the soft glow of a lantern behind a bead curtain, it lights up the Eastern entrance of the West Kowloon Cultural District and act as a lantern for Hong Kong.
The concept of "flow" or "qi" is expressed with curvilinear planes and form. The exterior façade is curved with arched openings. Multi-level circulation paths capture the pedestrian flow from adjoining sites and the neighbourhoods.
Located on the eastern edge of the West Kowloon Cultural District, at the junction of Canton Road and Austin Road, the Xiqu Centre is directly accessible from the Hong Kong West Kowloon Station (Express Rail Link) and Austin MTR station, and easy to reach by public transport from all parts of Hong Kong. The building’s striking design was inspired by traditional Chinese lanterns and blends traditional and contemporary elements to reflect the evolving nature of the art form. Stepping through the main entrance, shaped to resemble parted stage curtains, visitors are led directly into a lively atrium with a raised podium and space for presenting the rich and ancient culture of Chinese traditional theatre.
The building has a total area of 28,164 sqm and houses a Grand Theatre, accommodating 1,075 seats, a Tea House Theatre, with a capacity of up to 200 seats, eight professional studios and a seminar hall, all specially designed for different types of xiqu-related functions and activities. The design details of each of the facilities have also been created in response to the practical requirements and aesthetic features of the art form. A unique feature of the venue is the location of the Grand Theatre at the top of the building, which allows for a large open atrium below with space for exhibitions, stalls, and xiqu demonstrations and workshops.
It successfully blends theatre, arts education and public space together and the design reflects four core design principles integral to the art form and Chinese culture:
|建築師||Revery Architecture & BTA & RLP Company Limited|
|機電工程師||Buro Happold International (Hong Kong) Ltd.|
|土木及結構工程師||Buro Happold International (Hong Kong) Ltd.|
|外牆顧問||Buro Happold International (Hong Kong) Ltd.|
|可持續設計顧問||Buro Happold International (Hong Kong) Ltd.|
|環保顧問||Buro Happold International (Hong Kong) Ltd.|
|聲學顧問||Sound Space Design (SSD) Ltd.|
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://greenbuilding.hkgbc.org.hk/zh/projects/view/203
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Festival2011/Public Domain Megastore
Time: Saturday 15:30-16:45 in Learning Lab: Rm 213!
With: Renata Avila (Creative Commons Guatemala), Jane Park (Creative Commons)
News photographers and videojournalists on assignment take hundreds if not thousands of pictures and footage. But when their work is published, only a very select amount is used. Let’s conservatively estimate 1 in 100 photos and hours of footage are actually used. A lot of waste occurs with this system. Lots of images, footage, captured moments never make it into the frontpage.
But what if there were a “megastore” for all the unused photos and footage? What if all the digital scraps, the thousands of unpublished photos and footage, were uploaded in a way that freed up storage space — fast and easily — from photographers’ cameras and video cameras and offered them incentives, such as equipment, discounts and promos, to donate the images online.
A condition of submission could be waiving the rights and getting the photos into the public domain for maximum reuse, using the CC0 public domain dedication. Or a default CC Attribution license, for maximize reuse with credit. We should even create incentives for the use of CC0, somehow recognize and/or reward those who dedicate their photos to the public domain.
Crowdsourced tagging could be explored, for example, with image captchas to unlock phones or play games. Sponsors and high-scoring photographers would be featured prominently. And the public would have access to professional quality images and footage from all over the world. We can start at the festival, inviting those willing to contribute with their own cameras, for example.
During the festival we would like to:
- Iterate on the Warehouse process and create a lightweight prototype
- Invite key stakeholders to test and help shape it
- Invite media groups attending the festival to encourage the ecology of sharing among their teams and create incentives for their teams to share instead of deleting contents.
If you're a developer, designer, journalist, photographer, graphic designer, filmmaker, or anyone else interested in developing a CC megastore for unused photos or footage, or a potential sponsor join us!
Sponsors who like the idea can contribute with small gifts for journalist involved in our pilot project. * Media attending the festival can be part of our pilot project.
creativecommons, cc, PDmegastore, Sharing, Media, photograph, footage, content, incentives, community, reuse, commons
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://wiki.mozilla.org/Festival2011/Public_Domain_Megastore
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The Hollies Educational Food Garden
In the winter of 2005/6, a south-west facing sheltered field was chosen as the site to start developing our garden. This field was in the process of re-wilding as there were no animals grazing and no grass had been cut for many years. Fields are kept in the condition of producing grass by being fertilized, grazed by ruminants or cut as hay or silage. If this form of husbandry stops, the variety of species begins to increase. Brambles and briar’s are common at first. These help to condition the soil for the arrival of the first tree and shrub species. These are usually whatever is abundant nearby or growing on the hedges and ditches. In our case there would have been plenty of white thorn and blackthorn, willow, hazel and birch amongst others. The hedgerows essentially move out into the field, beginning a re-colonisation process that if left alone will eventually evolve into a stable forest ecosystem much as it was before these fields, stonewalls and hedgerows were created. The soil returns to a virgin state as there are no longer demands on it to provide fodder. Nutrients get ‘fixed’ from the atmosphere and the soil condition improves due to more root activity. This is an advantage from the viewpoint of turning the space into a series of raised beds and poly tunnels with the intention of growing vegetables and fruit. Of the one acre field that was to eventually become a working garden, about half had become very overgrown. There was a ring of grass in the middle of the field and the rest was densely overgrown.
We began the process of clearing the space by cutting the foliage and digging out the roots. This was achieved gradually using hand tools. Large sheets of cardboard which came from a bicycle shop were placed on top of the grass and cut foliage. On the card board we put plenty of well rotted farm yard manure. This was covered with a generous layer of straw. The cardboard blocks the light and stops the photosynthesis process, causing the organic matter on the surface to die off, returning the nutrients to soil. Cardboard being made from tree pulp is carbon, trees are one of natures ways of storing carbon. This quickly breaks down and returns to the soil. Earthworms get to work turning the cardboard and manure into topsoil, mixing with the topsoil that is already there. This field already has a generous amount of topsoil due to many years of leaf fall and root activity. This mulching process was done over the winter months.
In the spring potatoes were planting as the first (pioneer) crop by making a hole through the layers with a dibber (a pointed stick). Over the course of the spring and summer, as the layers break down the potatoes grow helping to further break down the soil. By the time the potatoes are harvested from the ground, the layers have broken down. The cardboard has been incorporated along with the manure into topsoil. Once cleared, raise beds were marked out about one meter wide with a narrow path in between. It is important not to walk on the soil where possible as this can cause compaction and may limit the soils ability to drain. This process was repeated over the course of the next few years until the field was transformed into a productive garden.
Keeping it going…
As the seasons rolled on and the garden was developed, polytunnels were added and fruit trees and shrubs were established. One of the things that surprised us was the amount of food that can be grown on a small piece of ground. Raised beds, intensively cultivated have the capacity to keep putting out crop after crop. The way to keep productivity high is to rotate the vegetable families and to keep returning nutrients to the soil. We do this by adding organic matter in the form of compost, seaweed and horse manure from our own horses. This will keep the fertility high by providing the nutrients that plants need. Healthy soil means healthy crops. Healthy crops means healthy people. Growing your own is a win win situation, and once you get going there are many benefits. If you are an individual, a group or organisation who would like to grow your own but don’t quite know where to start or need a bit of advice, then a gardening course at the Hollies could be just the thing for you. A gardening course voucher could make great present for a loved one, or for anyone looking for a bit of inspiration to get going on their journey to being a successful gardener.
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<urn:uuid:6a48eaf0-f78a-49c7-b21d-a3ec9390f05b>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.thehollies.ie/the-hollies-garden-project/the-hollies-educational-food-garden/
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HOW&WOW BASK IT!
One Week About Hidden Gems of the Dutch Design Week 2021, today we show HOW&WOW BASK IT!
HOW&WOW BASK IT! – or ‘treasure it’ – will transport you into the world of basketry and reveal the numerous aspects of three dimensional weaving: the specific characteristics, creative techniques, new implementations, cultural exchange and nature conservation.
Basket weaving is a 3D-construction technique allowing the maker to create a three dimensional shape using their own hands and just a few tools. The craft, and also its importance, have undergone changes through time. Few people realise that all woven baskets, furniture and accessories are still made by hand, including those sold by the well-known retail chains. Lack of appreciation for this time consuming technique has resulted in it now rarely being practiced in the western world.
It is particularly important to focus on the unique characteristics of hand made products in the current era of globalisation, digitalisation and robotics. Craftmanship is satisfying work, makers are in control of what they produce and are able to express their individuality. It is no surprise that the online community Basketclub arose during the pandemic. Adrianus Kundert (Netherlands) and Jamie Wolford (Canada) met through Instagram and initiated the formation of a digital community completely dedicated to the creation of baskets.
HOW&WOW BASK IT! showcases the versatility of the craft of basket making.
Participants: Adrianus Kundert, Amandine David, Anaïs Godefroy, Bertjan Pot, Carole Baijings , Chris Kabel, Christopher Specce, Clara von Zweigbergk, dach&zephir, Emma Cogné, Esmé Hofman, Esther van Schuylenbergh, Evey Kwong, Francisco Jaramillo, Garth Roberts, GREATMINOR, Hella Jongerius, Hsiao Fong, Ief Spincemaille, Ineke van der Sommen, Jamie Wolfond, Joris van Tubergen, Koos Rauws, Léa Mazy, Lenny Stöpp, Lois Walpole, Lou Cruard, Mae Engelgeer & Ames, Mandenmakerij de Mythe, Michael Schoner, Nathalie Miebach, Nationaal Vlechtmuseum Noordwolde,Rebecca Collins, Rein Reitsma, Renaud Defrancesco & Anne Bertoncini, Rik van Veen, Rob van Hernen, Samy Rio, SCMP DESIGN OFFICE, Sebastian Herkner, Shigeki Fujishiro, Simone Post, Studio Satël, Tamara Orjola, Thomas van der Sman and Yuki Hidano.
HOW&WOW BASK IT! is an initiative of Crafts Council Nederland in collaboration with Adrianus Kundert, designer and co-founder of Basketclub.
Dutch Design Week – HOW&WOW BASK IT!
Strijp-S area – Microlab Hall
16 – 24 October, 2021
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://dutchdesigndaily.com/complete-overview/howwow-bask-it/
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One Session Youth & Parent Substance Use Prevention Plus Wellness Programs (Core Knowledge): Free Webinar
- Explore the need for addressing both chronic disease risks and substance use risks in single prevention programs for youth and young adults.
- Identify unique characteristics of PPW programs allowing them to broadly prevent substance use while improving the mental and physical health of youth and young adults.
- Review research, theory and practice supporting PPW programs as practical, evidence-based multiple risk behavior interventions.
Date: Wednesday September 15th
Time: 12:00pm ET/9:00am PT
CEU Certificate: CEU certificate available upon completing webinar
Learn more about PPW: https://preventionpluswellness.com
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<urn:uuid:fc6fe806-1dd6-489a-9b86-163f7b3cb339>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://theathenaforum.org/one-session-youth-parent-substance-use-prevention-plus-wellness-programs-core-knowledge-free-webinar
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00264.warc.gz
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en
| 0.860477
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| 1.875
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What is the difference between the "Scenario" and "Children" options within the Compute button in the Scenario Manager?
When clicking the arrow next to the compute button in the Scenario manager, the "Scenario" option will compute the currently selected scenario, whereas the "Children..." option will compute all direct children of the currently selected scenario.
For example, consider the below scenario list, from Example4.wtg
If the "EPS167Optimized" scenario is selected and the "Children" option is selected in the Compute dropdown, the three scenarios that are direct children of that scenario will be computed in batch: "Calibrated Steady State", "Calibrated Static+Fire" and "Final Check (Fire+Static) - 1". On the other hand, if "EPS167Pattern" is selected, the "Children" compute option will only result in the scenario "EPS167Uniform" being computed, as it is the only direct child scenario.
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Designed specifically for students interested in applying to professional healthcare schools—including medical school, dentistry school, physician’s assistant school, physical therapy school, occupational therapy school, chiropractic school, optometry school, and other allied healthcare graduate schools—Taylor’s Human Physiology & Preventive Medicine major builds a basic foundation in human anatomy, physiology, cellular biology, and chemistry and provides plenty of hands-on patient-care opportunities. You will also establish a background in human nutrition, health psychology, public health, and exercise as medicine.
Human Physiology and Preventive Medicine majors are immersed in an interdisciplinary program that will equip them with the knowledge, skills, and abilities to implement preventive medicine in their future career and be accepted into well-known graduate healthcare programs. This will give them the competitive edge to succeed in the professional healthcare school of their choice, and the clinical and professional experiences to begin exploring what a career in health care might look like for them.
Explore the physiology of the cardiac, respiratory, and vascular systems; the pathophysiology of the most common cardiorespiratory diseases; and the current evidence and mechanisms for disease prevention through lifestyle modification.
Examine physiology of the central and peripheral nervous system (with specific emphasis on neuromuscular control), the pathophysiology of the most common neurological and neuromuscular diseases (i.e. stroke, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and mental illness), and the current evidence and mechanisms for disease prevention through lifestyle modification.
This course specifically examines cancer, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and frailty—as well as the major organ systems most commonly impacted by those diseases and current evidence and mechanisms for disease prevention through lifestyle modification.
Add to the theological and philosophical underpinnings of human health and medicine, and research a specific chronic disease and present an in-depth presentation of the current scientific evidence for disease prevention. This course culminates in a multi-day retreat where students give their presentations and engage discussions centered around their philosophies on human health, human flourishing, and the practice of medicine.
This major intentionally provides flexibility for Human Physiology and Preventive Medicine majors to take specific prerequisite courses required for the health professional program of their choice while also participating in clinical experiences, undergraduate research opportunities, and international experiences.
Students interested in course descriptions and academic policies can check out our Undergraduate Catalog.
The Foundational Core classes will give you a big-picture view of how your calling connects with God's purpose for your life, engaging with ideas that will demonstrate how God has given you certain talents and skills to bring healing to the world. You’ll become a well-versed individual, equipped with critical thinking skills, a lifelong love of learning, and an appreciation for God's creation.
According to the Center for Disease Control, seven out of the ten leading causes of death are chronic diseases—preventable diseases developed by poor lifestyle choices—which account for 81% of hospital admissions, 91% of all prescriptions filled, and 76% of all physician visits leading to approximately 86% of all health care costs.
To combat chronic disease, Taylor’s Human Physiology & Preventive Medicine major teaches students to approach medicine through “traditional” means and lifestyle modification. With current estimates suggesting that 80% of cardiovascular disease and diabetes and 40% of cancers could be prevented by a holistic understanding of health, the preventive medicine component of this program seeks to prepare undergraduates for their future as medical practitioners after professional or graduate school.
The advanced physiology courses in this major will give you in-depth opportunities to study specific, inter-related physiological systems and how they are affected by a variety of chronic human diseases and conditions. We also will examine current treatment options and preventative approaches.
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The lawyer for an 18-year-old Hong Kong student protester shot in the chest by police was due to appear in court on his behalf today, after the teenager was charged over his involvement in the violent demonstrations.
Tony Tsang, who was shot at close range as he fought an officer with a metal pipe on Tuesday, was charged with rioting, which carries a maximum 10-year sentence, and assaulting a police officer.
The shooting came during a day of clashes in the Asian financial hub, the latest turmoil in months of anti-government protests that have angered Beijing and raised questions about the city's economic prospects.
Tsang is in hospital in stable condition and was not able to attend the court session.
But about 200 supporters turned up to watch the proceedings after another night of violence, as petrol bomb-throwing demonstrators angry about the shooting clashed with police into the early hours of this morning.
Police urged the government to impose curfews to help curb the escalating violence in the Chinese-ruled city, where officers have become a target of protesters amid accusations of excessive force.
Activists went on the rampage in districts across the former British colony late into the night, setting fires, blocking roads and vandalising shops and metro stations as police fired tear gas to disperse them.
"Wherever there are protests nearby I'll come ... I'm out tonight for a simple reason. You don't shoot a teenager at point-blank range," said Alex Chan, an interior designer at a protest in the shopping district of Causeway Bay.
"These protests will continue and we won't give up."
The demonstrations have stretched the police force and transport networks to their limits.
Rail operator MTR Corp closed stations in districts including Po Lam, Hang Hau and Tseung Kwan O just before midnight on Wednesday as the violence picked up. All affected stations reopened today.
The protests began over a now-withdrawn extradition bill that would have allowed people to be sent to mainland China for trial, but have evolved into calls for democracy, among other demands.
The opposition to the Beijing-backed government has plunged the city into its biggest political crisis in decades and poses the gravest popular challenge to Chinese President Xi Jinping since he came to power.
The Hong Kong government is under increasing pressure to find a solution to the confrontation.
Goldman Sachs estimated this week that the city might have lost as much as $4 billion in deposits to rival financial hub Singapore between June and August.
The city is expected to enact an emergency law that would outlaw face masks, worn by many protesters to conceal their identities, after a special meeting of the Executive Council on Friday, media outlets TVB and Cable TV reported.
The Hong Kong stock market jumped to a one-week high on the news.
Earlier in the day, Lam Chi-wai, chairman of Junior Police Officers Association, had urged the city's leader to impose a curfew to maintain public order.
"We are only an enforcement agency with limited power under the law. When facing such a series of massive rioting incidents, we cannot work alone - clapping only with one hand - without appropriate measures and support from top level," Lam said.
The public has become increasingly hostile towards police amid accusations of heavy-handed tactics. Police say they have shown restraint.
The lawyer for an Indonesian journalist injured when police fired a projectile during protests on Sunday said she had been blinded in one eye.
The European Union said in a statement it was deeply troubled by the escalation of violence and the only way forward was through "restraint, de-escalation and dialogue".
The city's tourism board announced the cancellation of a major cycling tournament, the Hong Kong Cyclothon, and the Hong Kong Wine & Dine Festival, citing "unforeseen circumstances in the coming weeks".
Protesters are angry about what they see as creeping interference by Beijing in their city's affairs despite a promise of autonomy in the "one country, two systems" formula under which Hong Kong returned to China in 1997.
China dismisses accusations it is meddling and has accused foreign governments, including the United States and Britain, of stirring up anti-China sentiment.
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Operators, service companies, EPCs, and industry stakeholders need to increase their level of awareness and understanding of blockchain. As shown in ongoing pilots, blockchain is being applied to commodity transport, JV Management and Seismic Data Management, with many more applications being investigated.
The conference will highlight opportunities to create industry solution frameworks and guidelines, leveraging blockchain technology to reduce costs, improve timelines and eliminate disputes in any given process.
A key focus of the 2022 conference will be blockchain as an enabler for carbon tracking and mitigation – the generational driver for oil and gas companies today.
The Oil & Gas industry continues to operate in challenging times with compressed margins, reduced resources, and funding and an ever pressing need to find, extract, produce, and refine hydrocarbons more cost effectively.
Blockchain is part of the solution.
For more information about this event, or to register, please visit: blockchain-oilandgas.energyconferencenetwork.com
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The Original Non-Stick Cookware That Will Last a Lifetime With Proper Careby Kelly R. Smith; © 2022
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Cast iron cookware originated in China during the Han Dynasty, was adopted by Europeans, and eventually made its way to America. The use of iron for many other purposes predates cookware because the process of casting had yet to be invented. Once that process was developed, it was used for water pipes, cannons, and other objects.
Many cast iron skillets on the market today are Chinese schlock (surprise, surprise). The really good ones, which are what you want, can be quite expensive if they are new. To get a deal though, obtain an older one and restore it to its pristine condition. Have a look at garage sales, estate sales, or Goodwill. The degree to which it needs to be refinished, the less of a financial investment you will likely have to make. Once you find your prize, it’s time to restore it to a useable condition.
Remove the Cast Iron Skillet Rust
Most of the sites on the internet will tell you to remove rust with steel wool and this is fine if you have a very mild case of oxidation. But let me tell you, this will take a long time and will work you to the bone if it is worse than that. Instead, I use a grinding wheel attached to my Ryobi cordless drill to expedite the job. Work smarter, not harder, as Gramps used to opine.
The grinder in the image above came straight from Home Depot and worked out just right for attacking both the bottom and sides of my skillet as well as the inside corners. Keep even but light pressure.
It’s likely that the outside will need some work as well. In my case, I had some flakes that needed to be chipped off before applying the grinder. For this, I used a old flat-blade screwdriver and my trusty 16 oz. hammer, which I bought at the beginning of my carpenter apprenticeship back in 1979. Still going strong. That was when Craftsman was the premier brand for hand tools. That’s a bit of America we’ll never get back. Sigh.
Seasoning Your Cast Iron
Seasoning your cookware is the most important maintenance step; this is what gives it a non-stick cooking surface. After following the steps above and you have a good surface (it does not have to be shiny, just rust-free and smooth) it’s time to season it.
- For the first seasoning, apply a thin coat of peanut oil on the entire surfaces of your skillet including the handle.
- Pre-heat your oven to 350℉.
- Put your skillet in and let it bake for an hour.
- Turn off the oven an allow it to cool
That’s all there is to it! Do it at least twice before cooking in it. The handle and outside only need to be done the first time. This is done as a rust inhibitor. Ideally, you should season your skillet after each washing, but you can judge when it is due by the level of non-stickiness.
Properties of Cast Iron Cookware
- It is an easy way to more of the mineral iron into your diet. One cup of foods like applesauce, chili, tomato sauce, stew, and scrambled eggs will gain about six to eight milligrams of iron after being cooked in cast iron cookware. This is important for all of us but especially us avid runners and other workoutaholics.
- It will last a looooong time. In this age of planned obsolescence, it is nice to have something you can pass on to your offspring.
- It is very heavy.
- It conducts, distributes, and holds heat well.
- Unlike some other materials, it won’t develop a convex bottom over time, casing wobble and uneven cooking.
That’s about all there is to restoring a rusty cast iron skillet. With proper upkeep, it will not just serve you well, but it will outlast you.
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Introduced three years ago to much fanfare, the Swatch Sistem51 was a landmark in Swiss mechanical watchmaking, a mechanical wristwatch made entirely by machine, allowing it to be priced at just SFr150 (or about US$150). Funky and colourful, the original Sistem51 was mostly plastic and felt that way.
The new Sistem51 Irony gives the watch a metal makeover, replacing the plastic case with one in stainless steel, as well as replacing the colourful faces with more serious looking dials with metallic finishes. These upgrades come at a modest price increase of about 30% over the plastic model, making the Sistem51 Irony a more appealing buy in comparison.
Though the same size as the plastic model, the Sistem51 Irony unsurprisingly feels significantly more substantial and expensive. The steel case is 42mm in diameter and 13.8mm high, a good size even by modern standards and it does not feel overly large on the wrist.
Simply shaped in the typical Swatch form, the case is stamped and finished either with a mirror polish or matte brushing, depending on the model.
Like all Swatch watches it has notched lugs, meaning that only Swatch bands or bracelets will fit the case. An inconvenience but not a major one, since replacement bands are inexpensive.
The Irony watches are powered by the same automatic movement found in the plastic Sistem51. Though the movement is as elementary as it looks, the movement is a feat of engineering, being put together cleanly and efficiently by machines.
The calibre is a condensed version of a typical automatic movement, with just 51 components in all, with most of the parts secured by a long central screw. Despite its simplicity, the Sistem51 movement nonetheless manages a respectable 90-hour power reserve, or just under four days of running time.
As with the plastic Sistem51, the movement inside the Irony is mostly made of ARCAP, a copper-nickel-zinc alloy with properties useful for a watch movement, namely being easy to machine, non-magnetic and immune to temperature changes. Though all the Sistem51 Irony watches have the same movement, the printed decoration (either a printed cube or spiral motif) differs according to the model.
The bridges are soldered in place, meaning everything is permanently fixed together. Consequently, the movement cannot be repaired, but it can be replaced. Unlike the plastic Sistem51 that had a back permanently fused to the case, the plastic back on the Sistem51 Irony can be removed to swap movements, meaning it should have better longevity.
Seven models are available – six for men and one for ladies – each with different dials and bezel variations.
The Sistem Arrow (ref. YIS403) has a baumuster B type dial, modelled on WWII German airforce navigator’s watches known as beobachtungsuhr. That’s combined with a brushed steel case and a notched bezel with black lacquer panels. Legible and fuss-free, the Sistem Arrow has an easy appeal.
The next three watches have identical specs and polished cases, save for different dial finishes. The Sistem Earth (ref. YIS400) has a metallic silver-grey dial, with a combination of baton and Arabic numeral markers that give the dial a slightly confused look.
The Sistem Soul (ref. YIS402) has a cream dial with black markings that are reminiscent of a compass rose. Novel but still appealing, the Sistem Soul also differs from the other watches in that the dial finish is a flat and matte.
And the Sistem Fly (ref. YIS402) is a muted metallic blue, with the same design as Sistem Earth. Fortunately the striking shade of the dial makes it seem less cluttered than on the pale silver dial of the Sistem Earth. And the brighter blue lacquer filling on the bezel is a nice touch.
One of two versions with a steel bracelet, the Sistem Boreal (ref. YIS401G) has a bright metallic blue dial with a geometric pattern that’s inspired by a compass rose.
The top of the line Sistem51 Irony is the Sistem Tux (ref. YIS405G), what Swatch sees as the dress watch of the line. The case and bracelet are both stainless steel with rose gold accents; a two-tone finish is usually a sure way to make an inexpensive watch look expensive.
That being said, the dial of the Sistem Tux is the most interesting of the range, with a stamped wave-motif guilloche, what appear to be applied hour markers, and hands with a frosted finish.
The final watch in the series is the Sistem Stalac (ref. YIS406G) for ladies. Launched slightly later than the men’s models, hence the lack of photos, the Stalac is nonetheless the same size at 42mm in diameter with the self-winding movement.
To make it feminine the bezel is set with crystals and the steel mesh bracelet is narrow and thin. This is priced at US$235 or S$330.
Price and availability
Already available at Swatch stores, the Swatch Sistem51 Irony is priced at US$195 or S$279 for all models on straps (leather or rubber).
The stainless steel bracelet version is US$215 or S$310, while the two-tone bracelet model is US$235 or S$330.
Addition October 12, 2016: Ladies’ Sistem Stalac added to the article.Back to top.
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- Research article
- Open Access
Genetic specificity and potential for local adaptation between dengue viruses and mosquito vectors
BMC Evolutionary Biology volume 9, Article number: 160 (2009)
Several observations support the hypothesis that vector-driven selection plays an important role in shaping dengue virus (DENV) genetic diversity. Clustering of DENV genetic diversity at a particular location may reflect underlying genetic structure of vector populations, which combined with specific vector genotype × virus genotype (G × G) interactions may promote adaptation of viral lineages to local mosquito vector genotypes. Although spatial structure of vector polymorphism at neutral genetic loci is well-documented, existence of G × G interactions between mosquito and virus genotypes has not been formally demonstrated in natural populations. Here we measure G × G interactions in a system representative of a natural situation in Thailand by challenging three isofemale families from field-derived Aedes aegypti with three contemporaneous low-passage isolates of DENV-1.
Among indices of vector competence examined, the proportion of mosquitoes with a midgut infection, viral RNA concentration in the body, and quantity of virus disseminated to the head/legs (but not the proportion of infected mosquitoes with a disseminated infection) strongly depended on the specific combinations of isofemale families and viral isolates, demonstrating significant G × G interactions.
Evidence for genetic specificity of interactions in our simple experimental design indicates that vector competence of Ae. aegypti for DENV is likely governed to a large extent by G × G interactions in genetically diverse, natural populations. This result challenges the general relevance of conclusions from laboratory systems that consist of a single combination of mosquito and DENV genotypes. Combined with earlier evidence for fine-scale genetic structure of natural Ae. aegypti populations, our finding indicates that the necessary conditions for local DENV adaptation to mosquito vectors are met.
Dengue viruses (DENV) are mosquito-borne viruses which, like many RNA viruses, exhibit substantial genetic diversity . This diversity can be hierarchically organized in large clusters of lineages sometimes termed 'genotypes' (the terms lineage and genotype will be used interchangeably hereafter) within each one of the four distinct serotypes (DENV-1, -2, -3 and -4) . In the last 200 years, the number of DENV lineages worldwide has been increasing exponentially , along with increasing epidemic frequency and occurrence of severe forms of the disease [4, 5]. Dengue is now the most common human arthropod-borne viral (arboviral) disease and a major public health threat . Although DENV genetic variation alone is not sufficient to completely explain the incidence of severe disease or the magnitude of outbreaks, there is compelling evidence for differences in virulence and epidemic potential among DENV lineages (reviewed in ). Understanding the evolutionary processes shaping the increasing diversity of DENV lineages will, therefore, provide important insights into the mechanisms regulating epidemics and pathogenicity associated with genetic variation among viruses .
The spatial distribution of DENV genetic diversity generally reveals a population structure whereby geographic subdivisions reflect greater gene flow within than between subdivisions (reviewed in ). Results from a recent study indicated that such a genetic structure can be observed on a fine spatial grid ; phylogenetic differences were detected among DENV isolates recovered from schools separated by only a few kilometers in rural Thailand. Although multiple DENV lineages co-circulated within individual schools, there was strong genetic differentiation among lineages between schools that remained stable over the 10-month sampling period . Thus, despite frequent viral migration into the area, individual schools located a few kilometers apart represented distinct DENV evolutionary entities. A fundamental unanswered question concerns the relative influence of natural selection (adaptive evolution) and genetic drift (neutral evolution) on the genetic structure of DENV populations . Although it is clear that stochastic processes play a significant role in shaping DENV genetic diversity [10, 11], genetic signatures of adaptive evolution have been recurrently detected in natural DENV isolates [12–16].
Among evolutionary forces actively driving the evolution of arboviruses, vector-driven selection may play an important role by selecting lineages that are better suited for mosquito transmission . For instance, the emergence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in the Indian Ocean in 2004, and subsequent spread to India and Europe was attributed to the acquisition of a single adaptive mutation that enhances transmission efficiency by Aedes albopictus [17, 18]. This mutation confers a selective advantage in locations where Ae. albopictus predominates over Ae. aegypti, which is usually considered the primary vector of CHIKV. Similarly, the emergence of a new lineage of West Nile virus in North America was attributed to earlier and more efficient transmission by Culex mosquitoes relative to the lineage that initially colonized this part of the world . DENV are no exception in this regard. Displacement of the American (AM) DENV-2 genotype by a Southeast Asian (SA) DENV-2 genotype in the Western Hemisphere was associated with more efficient infection and dissemination in Ae. aegypti of the SA than AM genotype [20–22]. Likewise, an invasive DENV-3 isolate from Sri Lanka infected and disseminated more efficiently in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes than a displaced, native DENV-3 isolate . Interestingly, in both DENV examples above, outcompeted genotypes tended to cause mild disease whereas invasive genotypes correlated with more severe disease manifestations. This supports the view that enhanced vector transmission, among other factors, may contribute to the evolutionary success of lineages that are more virulent to humans .
The potential role of vector-driven selection in DENV evolution raises the question whether the genetic structure of DENV populations reflects, at least partly, that of their vectors. Indeed, Ae. aegypti distribution consists of a patchwork of genetically differentiated populations [24–27]. Because the vector competence of Ae. aegypti for DENV is in part genetically determined (reviewed in ), it has been hypothesized that the structure of DENV populations may partly result from the adaptation of viruses to the local vector genotypes . Under this hypothesis, DENV transmission would be more efficient by local vector genotypes (sympatric vector-virus pairs) than by vector genotypes from distant populations (allopatric vector-virus pairs). Pathogen adaptation to local hosts has been reported in a variety of systems (reviewed in ), including malaria parasites and their mosquito vectors . Evolution of local adaptation has been predicted when the pathogen has an evolutionary advantage over the host, such as higher mutation rate, shorter generation time, higher migration rate, and larger population size [31–33]. These conditions could undoubtedly apply to the DENV-Ae. aegypti system .
An additional necessary condition for the occurrence of DENV local adaptation to Ae. aegypti is that the genetic structure of mosquito populations must be coupled with some degree of genetic specificity of vector-virus compatibility. In other words, DENV transmission by Ae. aegypti must be determined, at least partly, by genotype × genotype (G × G) interactions. Such G × G interactions, whereby the infection outcome depends on the specific combination of host and pathogen genotypes, are found in many systems . The effects of vector and virus genotypes, independently, on DENV transmission by Ae. aegypti are well-documented. Variation in vector competence for a reference DENV isolate among different geographic strains of Ae. aegypti has been repeatedly reported [35–38], and can often be directly correlated to genetic differences [39, 40]. Reciprocally, DENV isolates have been shown to vary in their infectivity to a given mosquito strain [20, 22]. Results from an earlier study showing some degree of interaction specificity between laboratory strains of mosquitoes and DENV serotypes and isolates and from another study where SA genotypes of DENV-2 performed better than AM genotypes in two field-derived populations of Ae. aegypti, but not in a laboratory adapted colony were suggestive of genetic specificity of vector-virus compatibility. However, the occurrence of G × G interactions between DENV and Ae. aegypti has not been formally quantified in natural populations.
Here, we measured the extent of G × G interactions between DENV and mosquito genotypes that are naturally interacting in the field. We challenged three Ae. aegypti isofemale families derived from a wild population sampled in 2007 in Ratchaburi, Thailand with three low-passage DENV-1 viruses that were isolated the same year from humans (in Bangkok, Kamphaeng Phet, and Ratchaburi, respectively). Following standard methods of quantitative genetics , we estimated the extent to which the outcome of the infection is determined by G × G interactions by measuring the statistical effect of isofemale family × virus isolate interactions on several indices of vector competence, defined as the intrinsic permissiveness of a vector to become infected and subsequently transmit a pathogen .
Overall, vector competence was scored in 333 female Ae. aegypti. Each combination of isofemale family and virus isolate was represented by 28–53 individuals (mean = 37, median = 36) divided into two experimental blocks of 11–28 individuals (mean = 18.5, median = 19). The three DENV-1 isolates used in this study were collected within a one-month period at three locations in Thailand (Bangkok: BKK, Kamphaeng Phet: KPP, and Ratchaburi: RTB) and had identical passage histories (Table 1). Estimated virus titers in the blood meals were remarkably similar across isolates and experimental blocks, with all titers ranging within a third of a log unit per ml (Table 1). This allowed us to assume that most of the phenotypic differences observed between isolates were due to genetic differences. Across families and isolates, 63.1% of females were infected, and 42.9% had a disseminated infection. Isofemale families differed significantly in wing length (S.S. = 0.052, F2,57 = 3.85, P = 0.027), indicating significant genetic variation in body size. The mean wing length (± SE) was 3.11 ± 0.018, 3.08 ± 0.018, and 3.04 ± 0.018 mm for families A, B, and C, respectively. Corresponding mean age at pupation (± SE) was 7.29 ± 0.035, 7.15 ± 0.037, and 7.28 ± 0.033 days, respectively. Although three data points are not enough to obtain a valid correlation, it is worth noting that the overall proportion of infected mosquitoes by family tended to be negatively correlated with their mean wing length (linear regression: R2 = 0.97, P = 0.102), supporting the view that larger females are more resistant to dengue infection than small females .
Two factors had a significant influence on end-point mortality of adult mosquitoes at 14 days post-infection (dpi). Mortality significantly differed between blocks (S.S. = 0.245, F1,4 = 19.5, P = 0.012), and marginally significantly between virus isolates (S.S. = 0.178, F2,4 = 7.08, P = 0.049). Although 5.8% of females in the first block died before 14 dpi, 16.3% of females in the second block did so, possibly due to the one-day age difference. Across blocks, end-point mortality was 5.3%, 11.1%, and 16.1% for the KPP, BKK, and RTB isolates, respectively. Mortality did not depend on the family-isolate combinations (S.S. = 0.131, F4,4 = 2.62, P = 0.19).
The proportion of infected mosquitoes strongly depended on the family, the isolate, and most importantly in the context of this study, their interaction (Table 2a; Figure 1a). The percentage of infected mosquitoes ranged from 30.2% to 100% among family-isolate combinations. The interaction effect appeared to be mainly due to the combination of the RTB isolate and mosquito family B for which the proportion of infected mosquitoes was lower than would have been expected from examination of the other combinations (Figure 1a). Because the family × isolate × block three-way interaction was not statistically significant, our results indicated that the effect of the family × isolate interaction was consistent across blocks (Table 2a). In other words, small differences in mosquito age or blood meal titer between blocks did not affect the probability of infection in a given mosquito-virus combination.
In contrast, the proportion of mosquitoes with a disseminated infection among those successfully infected was only significantly influenced by the virus isolate (Table 1b). More than 90% mosquitoes infected by the RTB isolate had a disseminated infection whereas this percentage ranged from 40% to 70% for the BKK and KPP isolates (Figure 1b). Despite some degree of interaction indicated by crossing lines (Figure 1b), the family × isolate interaction was not statistically significant, possibly due to variation between experimental blocks as indicated by the significant family × isolate × block three-way interaction (Table 1b). Moreover, exclusion of the 123 uninfected mosquitoes reduced statistical power of this analysis.
Viral RNA concentrations in the body of infected mosquitoes and the number of fluorescent focus units (FFUs) in the head/legs of mosquitoes with a disseminated infection varied substantially among family-isolate combinations, with varying ranking orders of viral isolates for each isofemale family (Figure 2). Both variables were significantly influenced by the family × isolate interaction, with no significant difference between experimental blocks (Table 3). Regardless of their ranking order in a given mosquito family, the general profile of each isolate shared some degree of similarity between viral RNA concentration and numbers of disseminated FFUs (Figure 2), possibly reflecting differing viral growth capacities in different mosquito genetic backgrounds. Viral RNA concentration in infected mosquitoes did not appear to be correlated to the proportion of infected mosquitoes or the proportion of mosquitoes with a disseminated infection, indicating that the probability of these events may be largely independent of the efficiency of viral genome replication.
Results of our experiment strongly support the hypothesis that vector competence of Ae. aegypti for DENV-1 is governed by G × G interactions. With the exception of virus dissemination success, all of the indices of vector competence we examined (midgut infection success, viral RNA concentration in bodies, virus titer in head/legs) were at least partly determined by the specific combination of mosquito family and virus isolate. The use of a randomized complete block design allowed us to rule out the possibility of environmental bias by confirming the consistency of family × isolate interactions effect across experimental blocks.
Our conclusions are based on the premise that family × isolate interactions reliably approximate G × G interactions ; i.e., in our design observed phenotypic differences truly reflect the underlying genetic differences between mosquitoes and viruses. The use of isofemale families to assess the genetic basis of a trait assumes that the ratio of among- to within-families variations is proportionate to the heritable variation for that trait . This assumption is reasonable as long as environmental variation in rearing conditions or parental effects do not differ between families. We ensured homogeneity by maintaining the F0-F2 parental generations under standard laboratory conditions and rearing the F3 individuals under strictly identical conditions. Non-genetic differences in virus infectivity were minimized by growing the viruses simultaneously under the same conditions and exposing mosquitoes to very similar blood meal titers (Table 1). Uncontrolled, slight differences in blood meal titers did not appear to influence results. For instance, the RTB isolate produced the highest average values across families for all vector competence indices, although the BKK isolate had the highest blood meal titers in both experimental blocks. Although virus amplification in cell culture may have imposed a selective pressure on the original viruses, the low number of passages allowed us to assume that we still had isolates representative of wild-type viral genetic diversity. Overall, it seemed reasonable to conclude that our approach provided a reliable estimate of G × G interactions in this system.
It is remarkable that we were able to detect G × G interactions using a very restricted experimental design (three mosquito families × three virus isolates). Observing a highly significant effect of the interaction term with limited statistical power indicates that G × G interactions likely represent a strong determinant of vector competence in natural Ae. aegypti populations, which display a much higher level of genetic polymorphism than was captured by our three isofemale families sampled at a single location. We expect G × G interactions to be even more prominent when mosquito genotypes from more genetically distinct populations are examined. Indeed, a nested analysis of Ae. aegypti mitochondrial haplotype frequencies in Thailand showed that while 57% of the total variation was found within collections, 18% and 25% of that variation were found among samples collected within a distance of 25 km and more than 100 km apart, respectively . Moreover, because the three DENV-1 isolates used in this study were all collected in Thailand in 2007, it is likely that they are closely genetically related. We expect that G × G interactions will occur to a greater extent when the analysis includes more distantly related viral lineages or even different serotypes.
A practical implication of our results is that the conclusions drawn from one particular vector-virus combination (such as one mosquito population challenged with a reference DENV isolate) are not likely to be representative of other combinations. This challenges the broad-scale relevance of genetic loci associated with vector competence that were identified in laboratory-tractable systems. A recent meta-analysis showed that quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling host resistance against one pathogen isolate were on average recovered in only 24% of the cases where infections with different isolates were investigated; i.e., each particular host-pathogen combination was based on a different set of QTL and epistatic interactions . G × G interactions may help to explain why the QTL controlling midgut infection by a Jamaican DENV-2 isolate in highly selected lines of Ae. aegypti [46, 47] did not correlate with those previously identified in field-derived Ae. aegypti challenged with a Puerto Rican DENV-2 isolate . Likewise, it sheds a new light on a study where DENV-2 isolates of the SA genotype performed better than isolates of the AM genotype in two field-derived Ae. aegypti populations, but not in a laboratory-adapted colony .
Although additional studies are warranted to confirm the impact of G × G interactions on actual virus transmission through an infectious bite, their occurrence during DENV incubation in Ae. aegypti provides important insights into the mechanisms shaping DENV population structure and evolution. It helps to explain why despite strong genetic bottlenecks during mosquito transmission, major DENV variants are generally conserved in both vertebrate and arthropod hosts [49, 50]. Indeed, G × G interactions indicate that elimination of viruses that are incompatible with local mosquito genotypes may counteract the effect of genetic drift in the form of purifying selection at the population level. Likewise, the observed spatial clustering of DENV lineages on a restricted spatial scale may in fact be promoted by location-specific vector-driven selection. Over time, genetic specificity of vector-virus compatibility would combine with the genetic structure of Ae. aegypti populations to drive the adaptation of DENV to increased compatibility with local mosquito genotypes . Interestingly, it is worth noting that in our experiment, while the three isofemale vector families were derived from samples collected in Ratchaburi, all of the vector competence indices were highest, on average, for the viral isolate from that same location (RTB). Although this does not constitute firm evidence for local adaptation of DENV, it is consistent with the hypothesis that DENV transmission may be achieved with greater success by sympatric than by allopatric vector-virus pairs. Inclusion of mosquito families from different populations in a similar design will help to more definitively address this question. Future research using multiple replicates of sympatric and allopatric pairs will determine the extent of local adaptation in this system. It is clear that factors other than vector-mediated population structure contribute to the evolution of certain DENV lineages; i.e., 'cosmopolitan' genotypes that are found across broad geographical distributions. We speculate, however, that to some extent the spatial organization of DENV populations may reflect the geographical distribution of Ae. aegypti genotypes, which would be similar to what was demonstrated (at the species level) for Mexican populations of Plasmodium vivax and their Anopheles vectors .
We demonstrate that the vector competence of Ae. aegypti for DENV-1 is determined by G × G interactions in which potential for mosquito infection and virus transmission depends on the specific combination of vector and virus genotypes. This observation challenges the general relevance of genetic loci controlling vector competence that were identified using a single combination of mosquito and virus genotypes. The combination of G × G interactions and spatial genetic structure of vector populations is consistent with the potential for DENV adaptation to local vectors. Mosquito vector-driven selection may play a more important role in DENV microevolution than previously thought.
Because we wanted to (i) use a representative sample of a natural mosquito population and (ii) minimize parental effects due to the variability in environmental conditions , we used F3 isofemale families of Ae. aegypti generated from field-sampled immatures (larvae and pupae) raised for two generations in the laboratory. Isofemale families consist of the progeny of individual females. They are classically used in studies of quantitative genetics to investigate the genetic basis of a trait (e.g., ). Although Ae. aegypti females can mate multiple times, they are thought to be monandrous due to male accessory gland proteins that are transferred during copulation and induce subsequent sexual refractoriness . Based on the assumption that sibs are genetically more similar than non-sibs, one can estimate the extent to which a trait has a genetic basis by comparing the phenotypic variations observed within and between families . Using this approach genetic effects are confounded with potential maternal effects, which can be controlled by rearing the parental generations under standard homogenous conditions. Our experiment was based on a reciprocal cross-infection design involving three Ae. aegypti isofemale families and three DENV-1 isolates. The experiment was duplicated in two separate experimental blocks by splitting F3 mosquitoes from the same batch into two groups and infecting each group on two successive days with the same viral culture harvested one day apart. This procedure allowed us to assess the repeatability of results while controlling for nuisance factors introduced by duplication of the experiment (e.g., mosquito age, virus titer). We measured G × G interactions with the statistical effect of the family × isolate two-way interaction on vector competence . We estimated the repeatability of the results with the statistical significance of the family × isolate × block three-way interaction as an indication of the degree of consistency of the two-way interaction effect across blocks.
The F0 generation was initiated with a large number (>1,500) of immatures collected from multiple (3–6) artificial containers in each of 10–12 households in Don Thako, Muang district, Ratchaburi (Thailand) during September 2007. Adults were allowed to emerge in the laboratory, mate randomly, and feed on anesthetized hamsters as a blood source. Eggs were collected and stored on dry pieces of paper towel maintained under high humidity. Mosquitoes in F1-F3 generations were raised under standard insectary conditions at 27 ± 1°C, high humidity, and under 12:12 hour light:dark cycle. Eggs were hatched synchronously by placing them under low pressure for 30 min and larvae were reared in 25 × 40 cm plastic trays filled with 1.5 l of deionized water at a density of approximately 200 individuals per tray. F1-F2 larvae were fed on a 1:1 mix of ground puppy chow and bovine liver powder (0.05 g/tray on days 0, 1, and 2; 0.1 g/tray on day 3; 0.2 g/tray on day 4; 0.3 g/tray on day 5; and 0.2/tray on days 6 and 7). Adults were housed in large cages with permanent access to 10% sucrose. F1 females were fed on defibrinated sheep blood (Quad Five, Ryegate, MT) through pieces of desalted porcine intestine stretched over water-jacketed glass feeders. F2 females were allowed to mate randomly for three days and then housed individually. They were daily offered a blood meal on a human arm and allowed to lay eggs on wet filter papers. In order to obtain a large number of F3 females in each family, egg batches from multiple (4–6) gonotrophic cycles were combined and hatched simultaneously. F3 larvae were reared at a low density (approximately 125 per tray) to maximize their survival. Larvae of each family were reared in several trays that were moved daily at random between the shelves of the insectary to minimize any uncontrolled environmental variation. They were fed on a 1:1 mix of ground puppy chow and bovine liver powder (0.02 g/tray on day 0; 0.04 g/tray on day 1; 0.06 g/tray on day 2; 0.08 g/tray on day 3; 0.1 g/tray on day 4; 0.2 g/tray on day 5; and 0.1/tray on days 6 and 7). Female body size was estimated for each F3 isofemale family by measuring the wing lengths of a random sample of 20 individuals per family. Wings were measured from the tip (excluding the fringe) to the distal end of the alula with a precision of ± 0.01 mm using a dissecting microscope equipped with a micrometer. All experimental infections were conducted using F3 females.
We used three DENV-1 isolates that were recovered during July-August 2007 as part of routine surveillance diagnostic procedures at the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS) Bangkok laboratory from the serum of clinically ill dengue patients attending hospitals in Bangkok, Ratchaburi, and Kamphaeng Phet. Each diagnostic isolate underwent a strictly identical passage history (Table 1). Five passages in cell culture was the minimum number required to obtain a titer sufficiently high to infect mosquitoes orally using an artificial blood meal. Confluent cultures of Ae. albopictus cells (C6/36, ATCC #CRL-1660) in 6-well plates were inoculated with virus at a multiplicity of infection of 0.01 and incubated at 28°C under 5% CO2. Half of the supernatant was replaced with fresh medium 7 dpi. Cells and medium were harvested at 11 and 12 dpi to prepare the infectious blood meal of experimental blocks 1 and 2, respectively. The blood meal consisted of 1:1 mix of defibrinated sheep blood (Quad Five) and virus suspension. Three- to six-day-old (block 1) and four- to seven-day-old adult mosquitoes (block 2) deprived of sucrose for 24 hours were offered an infectious blood meal for 30 min via membrane feeding as described above. Samples of the blood meal were saved for subsequent viral titration by fluorescent focus assay (FFA) in C6/36 cells . Preliminary trials showed that there was no detectable decrease in blood meal titer over a period of 30 min. After feeding, mosquitoes were briefly knocked-down with CO2 and fully engorged females were transferred to paper cups and held in a Precision incubator at 27 ± 1°C and under 12:12 hour light:dark cycle and supplied with 10% sucrose ad libitum. High humidity in the incubator was maintained with containers filled with water.
The intrinsic ability of mosquitoes to transmit DENV was assessed 14 dpi with two standard phenotypes used in vector competence studies: (i) midgut infection and (ii) viral dissemination from the midgut to other tissues. Midgut infection was determined by detecting the presence of virus in mosquito bodies (thorax and abdomen). Viral dissemination was determined by detection of virus in mosquito legs and heads. Virus titers in the head and the legs of the same individual were strongly correlated among infected mosquitoes (linear regression: R2 = 0.522, P < 0.0001). We, therefore, used their average in the quantitative analyses of virus dissemination. We used both categorical (infection and dissemination status) and continuous measures (viral RNA concentration in bodies, virus titer in heads/legs) of vector competence components. We also recorded the proportion of dead mosquitoes at 14 dpi to account for any differential mortality between experimental groups. Mosquitoes were anesthetized with triethylamine (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), and their legs and heads were removed individually and transferred separately into 0.5 ml of mosquito diluent (MD), consisting of 20% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) in Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with 50 μg/ml penicillin/streptomycin, 50 μg/ml gentamicin, and 2.5 μg/ml fungizone. The remainder of the mosquito bodies were placed individually into 0.7 ml of MD, and all samples were stored at -80°C before processing. Samples were thawed on ice and homogenized in a mixer mill (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) at 24 cycles/sec for 2 min. Infected bodies were screened by TaqMan® quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Although viral RNA molecules are not equivalent to infectious virions, our conservative qRT-PCR detection threshold (104 viral RNA copies per sample, see below) allowed us to consider that positive bodies contained >1 infectious virion because viral RNA copy numbers are 100- to 10,000-fold higher than virus titers [21, 55]. Disseminated infections in the heads and legs of mosquitoes whose body was positive by qRT-PCR was determined by FFA in green monkey kidney cells (Vero cells, ATCC #CCL-81) as described in . Mosquitoes whose bodies were negative by qRT-PCR were considered uninfected and their legs and heads were not processed further. We verified the validity of the screening scheme by confirming that the bodies, legs, and heads of a random sub-sample of individuals negative by qRT-PCR were also negative by FFA.
Viral RNA was quantified in mosquito bodies by a serotype-specific, one-step TaqMan® qRT-PCR method modified from . Briefly, RNA was extracted and purified using a semi-automated Prism 6100 Nucleic Acid Prepstation (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). A sample of 300 μl of each mosquito homogenate was pre-filtered and lysed with 300 μl of 2× Nucleic Acid Purification Solution, and 500 μl of the resulting lysate was deposited in a Purification Tray. Isolated RNA was washed once with 500 μl of Wash Buffer 1, once with 500 μl of Wash Buffer 2, twice with 300 μl of Wash Buffer 2, and finally eluted in 60 μl of Elution Solution. qRT-PCR was carried out in 96-well plates with a 7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR system (Applied Biosystems) using a TaqMan® One-Step RT-PCR Master Mix Reagents kit (Applied Biosystems). Each sample was assayed in a 50 μl reaction containing 10 μl of RNA template, 0.5 μM of forward primer, 1 μM of reverse primer, and 0.25 μM of fluorogenic DENV-1 specific probe. Forward and reverse primer sequences NS5F and NS5R reported in were used to generate an amplicon of 104 bp within the NS5 gene. The dual-labeled DENV-1 specific probe sequence used in this study (5'-[6-FAM]-CTCAGAGACATATCAAAGATTCCAGC-[BHQ1]-3') was slightly modified from the DSQ1 sequence reported in so that the target region of the NS5 gene was strictly identical among our three isolates (as confirmed by sequencing). The thermal profile consisted of an RT step at 48°C for 30 min, 10 min of Taq polymerase activation at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of PCR with 30 sec of denaturation at 95°C and 1 min of annealing/extension at 60°C. RNA solutions of known concentration were synthesized by in vitro transcription (IVT) and used as RNA standards for absolute quantification across plates . A standard RT-PCR was carried out on viral genomic RNA using a forward primer including a T7 promoter sequence. The T7 forward primer sequence was the IVT NS5F sequence reported in and the reverse primer sequence was the cFD4 sequence reported in . PCR products were cleaned up using the QIAquick PCR Purification kit (Qiagen) and 1 μg of DNA was subjected to IVT using the T7 MAXIscript IVT kit (Ambion, Austin, TX) to generate a transcript of 480 bp containing the target NS5 region. IVT products were treated with TurboDNase (Ambion) at 37°C for 15 min and RNA was cleaned using the RNeasy MinElute kit (Qiagen). RNA was re-suspended in DEPC-treated water and molecular concentration was calculated by converting the optical density at 260 nm into the molecular copy number . Solutions of concentrations ranging from 107 to 101 RNA copies/μl were aliquoted and stored at -80°C until used to generate a standard curve for each TaqMan® plate. Baseline fluorescence was set automatically to account for differing starting RNA quantities between samples. The threshold level of fluorescence for threshold cycle (Ct) determination was optimized manually so that the slope of the standard curve was as close as possible to the theoretical value -3.32 which corresponds to 100% PCR efficiency. Positive and negative controls were included on each plate. For all plates the standard curve had an R2 > 0.985 and the detection limit was 103 RNA copies/μl; i.e., 104 RNA copies per 10 μl of RNA template.
Fluorescent focus assay
Virus titers were quantified using a tissue-culture assay based on immuno-fluorescent detection of infectious foci developing in cell monolayers . Blood meal titers were assayed in C6/36 cells to provide a relevant estimate of viral infectivity to mosquito cells, whereas virus titers in mosquito heads and legs were assayed in Vero cells because we were interested in the eventual infectivity to a mammalian host. Cells were grown in 75-cm2 flasks in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium with 4,500 mg/l of D-glucose and L-glutamine (DMEM, Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% FBS, 1.5 g/l sodium bicarbonate, 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin. Eight-well chambered slides were seeded with Vero or C6/36 cells at a density of 2.5 × 105 or 5.0 × 106 cells/well, respectively, and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C (Vero) or 28°C (C6/36) under 5% CO2, to produce a confluent monolayer. Ten-fold serial dilutions of blood meal samples or head/legs homogenates were inoculated onto cell monolayers in a final volume of 50 μl/well. Viral adsorption was allowed to proceed for one hour at 37°C (Vero) or 28°C (C6/36) under 5% CO2, rocking the slides every 15 min. At the conclusion of the adsorption, an overlay of growth medium with 5% FBS, and 0.8% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC, Sigma-Aldrich) was added in a final volume of 0.5 ml/well. DENV infectious foci develop faster in Vero than in C6/36 cells . After an incubation of 48 hours at 37°C (Vero) or 72 hours at 28°C (C6/36) under 5% CO2, the overlay medium was removed from the infected monolayers and the cells were washed twice with cold PBS. Infected monolayers were fixed for 10 min in ice-cold absolute methanol (Sigma-Aldrich) and washed once with PBS. Slides were incubated for one hour with a mouse anti-dengue complex primary antibody clone D3-2H2-9-21 (Millipore, Temecula, CA) diluted 1:200 in PBS containing 0.2% bovine serum albumin (PBS-BSA 0.2%). After three washes in PBS-BSA 0.2%, slides were incubated for 30 min with a goat anti-mouse fluorescein-conjugated secondary antibody (Millipore) diluted 1:50 in PBS-BSA 0.2%, followed by three washes in PBS-BSA 0.2% and a final wash in distilled water. Cells were mounted in Vectashield anti-fading medium (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) and observed under a 20× objective on an Olympus Provis fluorescence microscope equipped with a FITC filter. The total number of fluorescent foci in each well was visually counted and virus titers were calculated as fluorescent focus units (FFUs) per ml. Reading was done blindly by number-coding and randomizing samples on the slides.
We first analyzed differences in body size between isofemale families by comparing wing lengths using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Then, because our experiment fulfilled the characteristics of a randomized complete block design , we used full-factorial analyses including the factors mosquito family, virus isolate, experimental block, and all their interactions. Categorical variables (infection and dissemination status) were analyzed with multi-way logistic nominal regressions, whereas continuous variables (viral RNA concentration in bodies, virus titer in heads/legs, mortality) were analyzed with multi-way ANOVAs. In order to satisfy the assumptions of the statistical tests (in particular, normality of the residuals), we used a logarithmic transformation of viral RNA concentrations and virus titers and an arcsine-transformation of mortalities. The proportion of mosquitoes with a disseminated infection and concentration of viral RNA in bodies were analyzed among infected mosquitoes (i.e., excluding uninfected mosquitoes). The average virus titer of heads and legs was analyzed among mosquitoes with a disseminated infection (i.e., excluding mosquitoes that did not have a disseminated infection). Differences were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05. All statistical analyses were performed with the software JMP version 5.1.2 http://www.jmpdiscovery.com.
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Tran TK, Vazeille-Falcoz M, Mousson L, Hoang TH, Rodhain F, Huong NT, Failloux AB: Aedes aegypti in Ho Chi Minh City (Viet Nam): susceptibility to dengue 2 virus and genetic differentiation. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1999, 93 (6): 581-586.
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Alto BW, Reiskind MH, Lounibos LP: Size alters susceptibility of vectors to dengue virus infection and dissemination. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008, 79 (5): 688-695.
Lynch M, Walsh B: Genetics and Analysis of Quantitative Traits. 1998, Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates
Wilfert L, Schmid-Hempel P: The genetic architecture of susceptibility to parasites. BMC Evol Biol. 2008, 8: 187-
Gomez-Machorro C, Bennett KE, de Lourdes Munoz M, Black WC: Quantitative trait loci affecting dengue midgut infection barriers in an advanced intercross line of Aedes aegypti. Insect Mol Biol. 2004, 13 (6): 637-648.
Bennett KE, Flick D, Fleming KH, Jochim R, Beaty BJ, Black WC: Quantitative trait loci that control dengue-2 virus dissemination in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Genetics. 2005, 170 (1): 185-194.
Bosio CF, Fulton RE, Salasek ML, Beaty BJ, Black WC: Quantitative trait loci that control vector competence for dengue-2 virus in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Genetics. 2000, 156 (2): 687-698.
Aaskov J, Buzacott K, Thu HM, Lowry K, Holmes EC: Long-term transmission of defective RNA viruses in humans and Aedes mosquitoes. Science. 2006, 311 (5758): 236-238.
Lin SR, Hsieh SC, Yueh YY, Lin TH, Chao DY, Chen WJ, King CC, Wang WK: Study of sequence variation of dengue type 3 virus in naturally infected mosquitoes and human hosts: implications for transmission and evolution. J Virol. 2004, 78 (22): 12717-12721.
Grech K, Maung LA, Read AF: The effect of parental rearing conditions on offspring life history in Anopheles stephensi. Malar J. 2007, 6: 130-
Niaré O, Markianos K, Volz J, Oduol F, Touré A, Bagayoko M, Sangaré D, Traoré SF, Wang R, Blass C, et al: Genetic loci affecting resistance to human malaria parasites in a West African mosquito vector population. Science. 2002, 298 (5591): 213-216.
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Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ: Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. 1995, New York: W. H. Freeman and Co, 3
The authors thank Jittawadee Murphy, Prasan Kankaew, Somporn Changimongkol, Thanyalak Fansiri, Siriporn Phasomkusolsil, Yossasin Kertmanee, Kanchana Pantuwatana, and Jaruwan Tawong for technical assistance during mosquito collections. We are grateful to William Reisen and Aaron Brault for their continuous support through access to the Center for Vector-borne Disease Research. Thanks to Ying Fang, Sandy Garcia, Keira Simmons, Stanley Langevin and Rajeev Vaidyanathan for their help with cell culture and virological assays, and to two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. LL is supported by a post-doctoral Marie Curie Outgoing International Fellowship from the 6th Framework Program of the European Commission. This work was partially funded by the French CNRS program 'Maladies Infectieuses Emergentes'.
LL conceived the study, performed the research, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. CC helped to design the study and draft the manuscript. RGA participated in the vector competence assays. BT carried out the isolation and amplification of the viruses. JHR coordinated the field collection of mosquitoes. RGJ coordinated the collection of virus isolates. TWS participated in the design and coordination of the study, and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as reflecting the official views of the United States Army, Royal Thai Army, or the United States Department of Defense.
About this article
Cite this article
Lambrechts, L., Chevillon, C., Albright, R.G. et al. Genetic specificity and potential for local adaptation between dengue viruses and mosquito vectors. BMC Evol Biol 9, 160 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-160
- Blood Meal
- Infected Mosquito
- Vector Competence
- Defibrinated Sheep Blood
- Aegypti Population
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Rhubarb: Evaluation of herbicides for problem weeds - 2015
Efficient and cost effective weed control is important in rhubarb as with other crops to prevent yield loss as a result of competition for water and nutrients and to enable efficient harvesting without impedance by weed growth.
Rhubarb production is increasing year on year, with marketed yields rising by 1000 tonnes a year, every year for the last three years. Multiples therefore have an increasing interest in this crop with a potential 10 month season. In recent years, rhubarb crown size and yield is decreasing in both forced and green pull crops, and growers believe that this is as a consequence of increased competition from weeds amongst other influencing factors. Therefore, effective weed management in rhubarb is set to become more important to allow supply to keep up with this increased demand. In addition, the strict requirements of retailers’ quality protocols for clean produce free of dirt and contamination mean that cultivations carried out for weed control can occasionally lead to unintentional mud splash. Further effective herbicides may reduce the frequency of these operations and aid the grower in avoiding such issues.
The majority of rhubarb herbicide programmes are currently based on pendimethalin propyzamide and clomazone, and these do not provide complete enough weed spectrum efficacy and persistence (See appendix for detail on weeds controlled by current herbicides). Work carried out in HDC project SF 129 gave useful information for growers on the efficacy and crop safety of clomazone which gained an EAMU while the experiment was being carried out and increased the weed spectrum controlled, but there are still gaps to fill. Mesotrione and metribuzin tested in the same project also showed useful activity, with the latter showing some control of Himalayan balsam and therefore it would be useful to revisit these products as well as test some newer materials with a view to gaining EAMUs. This would be particularly timely with the introduction of the Sustainable Use Directive and the recent change in the EU to the assessment of plant protection products by hazard in addition to risk based criteria which has placed some residual herbicides under threat. The recent Endocrine Disruptor review and the review of implications for the industry carried out by HDC, highlights the future status and availability of pendimethalin and propyzamide is therefore at best uncertain.
Consultation with rhubarb growers in Yorkshire, the Midlands, East Anglia and the South has confirmed support for work to identify alternative herbicides from amongst currently available products - or those likely to become so - which provide a good spectrum of weed control, with a high priority for ‘problem weeds’ such as Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) and perennials e.g. docks and thistles, and potential replacements for products being lost. A literature search has shown there is virtually no specific information available to rhubarb growers on the control of Himalayan balsam.
Although there is an EAMU for glyphosate, the short dormant season of the crop gives few windows for treatment and since the loss of dichlobenil, perennial weed infestations are on the increase.
Growers should benefit from this work by having a wider choice of herbicides in order to maintain effective weed control in plantations, which would otherwise be difficult as a result of increasing restrictions on or loss of current herbicides. The project will also add useful information on weed control of the more unusual weeds that may trouble growers, as these are seldom listed on product labels and agrochemical company websites. Furthermore, information gained on weed species controlled may give guidance in other perennial sectors such as asparagus, and field grown ornamentals.
Benefits to industry:
DownloadsSF 161_Report_Final_2015 SF 161_GS_Report_Final_2015
About this project
Aims and objectives:
The aim of this project is to evaluate a selection of newer herbicides for crop safety and efficacy against a range of problem weeds in rhubarb plantations, compared with industry standards.
• To identify and evaluate the weed control efficacy of a number of new residual herbicides against crop standard treatments
• To evaluate the weed control efficacy of a range of contact herbicide treatments for perennial weed control
• To evaluate the crop safety of both the contact and residual herbicides applied by assessing phytotoxicity
• Publicise the results to the industry through an HDC news article and a presentation at an appropriate grower event.
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November reminds us to be thankful for community
Each year in November, our economic development associations hold our combined annual meeting. The gathering gives us the chance to look back on the year we’ve just come through and prepare for the opportunities of a new one. We can reflect on our successes and plan to continue our momentum into 2019. But the annual meeting, and the other annual gatherings of November, also give us a chance to think about our priorities as we look toward the close of another year.
Here in Minnehaha and Lincoln Counties, we understand that economic development is part of a larger picture of life in our hometowns. We have chosen to live in places quite different from major metropolitan areas. We don’t want to commute two hours to work in the morning and another two hours in the dark of a winter’s evening. We’d much rather have dinner with the family and then take in a basketball or volleyball game at the local school.
We know that the life we build in our neighborhoods connects us to our community in unique ways. We like knowing not just the people next door, but the people from the other side of town. Our schools and local organizations are part of who we are. They center us and make life richer and fuller.
Economic development plays a part in all those things we appreciate about our communities. Because our area continues to grow in population, economic strength and job opportunities, our schools are better, our towns are thriving and offer the amenities we want and we get to meet new people who move in to join us in living the good life.
November is a good time to look around us, appreciate the places where we live and, while we’re giving thanks for our many blessings, reflect, remember and renew our commitment to preserve and continue to nurture those things that make our communities home.
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EMERITUS - Eco-ManagemEnt for agRI-Tourism in moUntain areaS
Partecipanti al progetto
Descrizione del progetto
The project aims at enhancing the connections between agriculture and tourism, the characterizing economic sectors of the marginal mountain areas in Regione Piemonte (North-West of the Italian Alps). In particular, the study area has been identified in the Municipality of Valprato Soana (Soana Valley).
The need of integrating agriculture and tourism under the umbrella of the eco-management at territorial scale is based on the assumption that the economic activities in mountain marginal areas are characterized by fragmentation, small business size and lack of communication among tourism and food chain actors, local administrators and other stakeholders. This situation limits the competiveness of both agricultural and tourism holdings, being the former unable to promote their high-quality products and find an appropriate placement on markets, and being the latter unable to propose an offer tightly tied to territories. Furthermore, these critical aspects may limit the attractiveness of the area itself.
Using a multi actor participatory approach, stakeholders (Municipality and operators) will be actively involved in the project by evaluating their managerial approach and operations, and comparing them with the data gathering campaign related to tourist's expectation and assessment.
The project is carried out by the University of Torino with the economic support of the Compagnia di San Paolo of Torino.
Risultati e pubblicazioni
EMERITUS project publications:
Giovanni Peira, Alessandro Bonadonna, Luigi Bollani, Stefano Duglio, Greta Cena (2020)
Il “Prodotto di montagna” in Piemonte. Torino: Regione Piemonte, pp. 54, ISBN: 9788890980442. Available on:
Stefano Duglio, Marilisa Letey (2019). The role of a national park in classifying mountain tourism destinations: An exploratory study of the Italian Western Alps. Journal of Mountan Science, 16(7), 1675-1690. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-018-5356-9.
Stefano Duglio, Alessandro Bonadonna, Marilisa Letey, Giovanni Peira, Laura Zavattaro, Giampiero Lombardi (2019). Tourism Development in Inner Mountain Areas—The Local Stakeholders’ Point of View through a Mixed Method Approach. Sustainability, 11, 5997. DOI: 10.3390/su11215997.
Stefano Duglio (2020). Sport facilities, tourism innovation, and territorial development: Provisional results of a new downhill installation in the Italian Alps. In: Exploring Territorial Dynamics and Development, 1st Edition (Eds. Ratten V.; Alvarez-Garcia J.; de la Cruz del Rio-Rama M.), London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis, pp. 8-27, ISBN 9780367263218.
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RECORDS SET AT BLACK ROCK WITH AUTOMATED PRODUCTION DRILLINGAugust 24, 2021
Black Rock, Sandvik DL432i, iSOLO
The introduction of PYBAR’s new Sandvik DL432i longhole drill in October 2020 has led to month on month improvements in drilling productivity at the Black Rock project.
Versatile and compact, the Sandvik DL432i is a fully mechanised electro-hydraulic top hammer longhole drill, designed for large-scale mining. The Sandvik iSOLO drilling control system allows the client to provide electronic drill plans on a USB which is plugged straight into the drill. The operator then lines the drill up on the survey markings and selects the required drill design, with the remainder of the drilling taken care of by the iSOLO software.
Since arriving on site, a specialised pump has been installed on the DL432i, allowing AMC (a subsidiary of IMDEX) to add Bore Hole StabiliserTM to the water circuit while drilling to improve hole integrity in the soft ground conditions. This technology combined with Sandvik’s iSOLO drilling control software has been key to PYBAR’s production success at Black Rock to date.
The ground conditions at Black Rock have put Sandvik’s iSOLO drilling control system to the test, and the technology has proven itself with flying colours. After several months of onsite refinement of the automated drilling system, the drill can now operate with minimal operator input. This has led to month on month increases in production drilling rates with a record month in March, closely matched in April. This in turn has meant a significant increase in available production fronts resulting in increased tonnes and improved overall project performance.
Trials of automated drilling for complete firing patterns will begin shortly at Black Rock to enable drilling to take place during firing and shift change as well as free up the operator to assist with other tasks around the mine.
The transition to further automation has the potential to significantly maximise both productive drilling time and overall performance for the project.
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The mass of plasma roiled above the magnetic North Pole for about eight hours, raining electrons instead of water.
From polar bears to a pandemic, a scientist shares what it was like to be part of MOSAiC, science’s most ambitious mission to the North Pole.
Some of these lines from the film made our jaws drop.
Santa's helpers are standing by.
For the second year in a row, the Arctic is way hotter than it's supposed to be.
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Bangladesh offers the MBBS course at a low cost for the willing students. The course of study is also availed without any donation. Bangladesh has a high standard study course sometimes better than many private colleges in India.Bangladeshi colleges are approved by WHO, UNESCO and other international organizations.
The medical universities in Bangladesh are recognized and approved by the MCI – Medical Council of India; ECFMG – Education Council for Foreign Medical Graduates, USA; FAIMER’s IMED – Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research’s International Medical Education Directory; ACGME – Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education; MCC – Medical Council of Canada and WHO – World Health Organization. This helps the students who graduate from medical universities in Bangladesh to be eligible to appear for major tests like the USMLE, PLAB and also the screening examination conducted by the National Board of Examinations, India, under the observation of Medical Council Of India (MCI) and practice in all countries across the globe.The infrastructure and quality of education is very good. Students are provided with high quality accommodation at much cheaper rates.
Why MBBS In Bangladesh?
Bangladesh has shown a great improvement in terms of education. With time this country is becoming one of the preferred destinations for medical students around the world who want to get MBBS degree abroad. The following are the reasons why getting MBBS degree from Bangladesh is a good choice for international students:
Bangladesh offers a homely ambiance for students. The food habit, culture, language are same as India. Bangladesh has a seat reservation for International students.
Bangladesh has extra facilities for students coming through SAARC quota. For detailed information, Click Here
The medium of teaching is English, though Bengali is used as second language there, but Bengali can easily be adopted.
- The standard of education is very good and is comparable to other developed countries.
- The cost of the complete course of MBBS in Bangladesh is quite affordable as compared to other countries across the world.
- The graduates from the medical universities in Bangladesh are given opportunity to attend various international seminars and conferences. This helps in their development as successful doctors.
- Bangladesh has Top Medical Universities which offer world class education with high quality standards and well experienced staff.
- The MBBS degree and other medical degrees obtained from a Bangladesh medical University are recognized by MCI. The students from India are able to come back and work in India.
- The accommodation is very affordable with high quality standards and facilities.
Benefits of MBBS from Bangladesh
- The MBBS degree from a Bangladesh Medical University is recognized by WHO and UNESCO and is accepted globally.
- No entrance test is required for admission which makes the admission process much easier.
- No donation is required to get admission in a Bangladesh medical college.
- Students studying in medical colleges in Bangladesh are given opportunity to get an internship in some of the best multinational companies and hospitals of the world.
- Students are provided with the practicals and experiments to improve their skills in a better way.
- The quality of infrastructure, education and accommodation is comparable to other developed countries.
- The hospitals are well equipped with great infrastructure and technology.
Top Medical Universities in Bangladesh
- Ibrahim Medical College & Hospital
- Bangladesh Medical College & Hospital
- Greenlife Medical College & Hospital
- Enam Medical College & Hospital
- Popular Medical College
- Sirajul Islam Medical College &Hospital
- Dhaka Community Based Medical College
- Northern International Medical College
- Ad Din Medical College & Hospita
- Barind Medical College & Hospital
- Southern Medical College & Hospital
- Rangpur Community Medical College & Hospital
- Gazi Medical College
- Juhurul Islam Medical College & Hospital
- Jalalabad Rageb Rabeya Medical College & Hospital
- Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College & Hospital
- Dhaka National Medical College & Hospital
- BGC Trust Medical College
For any assistance or help regarding counselling please feel free to contact us anytime at +91-9007316677. We will be more than happy to assist you.
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Why when I download file eps it is low quality
From where do you download the EPS?
Can you please show a screenshot of the low quality?
EPS is not necessarily a vector artwork.
Where are you downloading your eps files from? Does whatever place you're downloading from have a "quality" option that needs to be checked (and probably needs to be paid extra for)?
Hi, the file you are downloading is not eps if the quality is low or post a screenshot for further help...regards
Sorry to hear about this experience. As suggested by Monika, EPS is not necessarily a vector artwork.
Kindly share the file here or via DM so we can check it on our end, as suggested by Bill and Lambiloon.
Looking forward to your response.
Depends on where you are seeing this. Have you opened the file in Illustrator? or have you placed it as-is and then printed it?
It's also possible what you are seeing is merely the low-res preview saved with the file. EPS require a Postscript printer to print accurately, so if you don't have one (most don't these days) your printer is only using the low-res preview. If you, however, create a PDF of your file, this will convert the EPS into PDF code which your printer can then render in its best resolution.
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News Brief: Coronavirus, South Carolina Primary, India Welcomes Trump
RACHEL MARTIN, HOST:
The coronavirus is spreading in ways that make it even more mysterious.
NOEL KING, HOST:
Right. So first, there's some good news. The number of confirmed cases in China is reportedly dropping. But at the same time, there are significant new outbreaks in South Korea and in Italy. And at least eight people in Iran have died from the virus. Now, those countries and others are doing what they can to contain it. The problem is no one really understands how this virus is being transmitted.
MARTIN: NPR's Jason Beaubien has been following the coronavirus story and joins us now from Hong Kong. So, Jason, why this rise in cases all of a sudden in several different places over the last few days?
JASON BEAUBIEN, BYLINE: It's really not clear why, all of a sudden, we're getting the sudden outbreaks in all of these different places. We don't know exactly what the chain of transmission was that has sparked this. And that makes it even harder to respond to it. These new outbreaks came on, really, incredibly quickly. Last week, Italy had only reported three cases. Now they're reporting more than 150.
BEAUBIEN: Iran, as of last week, hadn't reported any cases. And now they've got several dozen confirmed and, as you mentioned, at least eight dead. That death number suggests that the outbreak probably had been brewing for a while and that there could be potentially hundreds of cases that are out there that are undetected. South Korea now is up above 800 cases. Again, that explosion of cases, most of them were coming last week. There was 150 cases reported yesterday, another 70 reported today out of Korea. And in addition, it's not just these big outbreaks. We're also seeing seven Middle Eastern countries now all having reported a case at least. So it's spreading both geographically, and you're getting these new hotspots.
MARTIN: So what do those countries do, I mean, especially in a place where there's only, like, well, you know, one or a handful of cases? Do they lock the whole place down still?
BEAUBIEN: So those places are trying to contain it, where they only have one or two cases. Places like Italy and also Iran - they are going in and quarantining. Italy has put up roadblocks. You know, they're canceling school, canceling universities. Some lawmakers in Iran are talking about quarantining the city of Qom, maybe even having to quarantine Tehran if things get much worse.
MARTIN: What's going on in Hong Kong, where you are?
BEAUBIEN: So Hong Kong is kind of cruising along - had another four cases today, two of them were people who had come back. And they were in quarantine. They had been on the Diamond Princess. So we've got five people who tested negative in Japan from the Diamond Princess. Now they're back, and they've tested positive. And then there's two other cases. We have another cluster at a Buddhist temple here. They've got tens of thousands of people under home quarantine. You know, they're trying to manage this as best they can. But you're not seeing the huge numbers like you are in some other places.
MARTIN: So what's the messaging right now from World Health officials? - especially because it just seems so nonsensical where it's popping up and to what degree.
BEAUBIEN: Yeah. There's, you know, great concern that we have reached a turning point. I talked to this guy Dirk Pfeiffer. He studies emerging infectious diseases at the City University of Hong Kong. And he was basically saying that he believes this has become a pandemic, and the world should start preparing for transmission occurring globally. We're also hearing similar things to that from the World Health Organization. And basically, people are saying we may need to really shift now and think about this differently, think about it as something like the flu that we're going to have to deal with on an ongoing basis and not as an emergency.
MARTIN: NPR's Jason Beaubien. We appreciate it.
(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)
MARTIN: All right. The Democratic presidential primary now moves to South Carolina this week.
KING: That's right. And so candidates will turn their focus there. Meanwhile, on Saturday, Bernie Sanders won the Nevada caucuses overwhelmingly. Entrance polls show that he won many important demographic groups - men and women, voters 64 and younger. And he won big among Latinx voters.
MARTIN: All right. NPR's Tamara Keith is with us this morning. Hi, Tam.
TAMARA KEITH, BYLINE: Good morning.
MARTIN: So help us sketch out what is ahead. How does what happened in Nevada, which is a Bernie Sanders victory - how will that play into or shift the sands in South Carolina?
KEITH: We can't be sure. But what I know is that Bernie Sanders has added an extra rally in South Carolina, which is to say that there is a sense of momentum. And his campaign looked at the results in Nevada and said, hey, maybe we have a chance to make a play in South Carolina.
MARTIN: Had they not thought that, Tam?
KEITH: Certainly, he was going to try in South Carolina. But the fact that they're adding more means that they see a chance to really compete with Vice President Joe Biden in a state, South Carolina, that he has really staked his candidacy on. Vice President Biden has said South Carolina is the state - that he needed to do well in Nevada, and he needs to win in South Carolina. Well, he got second place in Nevada...
KEITH: ...And now you turn to South Carolina.
MARTIN: So let's play a clip. This is the former vice president speaking on MSNBC yesterday.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
JOE BIDEN: I really believe I'm going to do very well here. And I'm going to do very well on Super Tuesday. I've had the broadest constituency in the sense that working class, high-school-educated whites and African Americans have been the base of my support.
MARTIN: And as you noted, South Carolina obviously very important to Joe Biden. He has enjoyed a double-digit lead there for a long time. But, I mean, how solid is his advantage at this moment?
KEITH: There is not a lot of really great polling out of South Carolina. So it's not clear just how much the ground has shifted under him or whether it has. But this is a state that is absolutely critical for him. At this point in the race, there's the Bernie Sanders lane. And then there is a traffic jam in the everyone else lane.
MARTIN: That's a good way to put it.
KEITH: And every other candidate is trying to prove that they are in the strongest position to take on Sanders and eventually President Trump. And Biden is looking for the results in South Carolina to prove that for him, for him to be able to say, hey, look. I've got this broad base. What Bernie Sanders got out of Nevada was he is now able to say that he has a very broad base, that he was able to expand beyond young white people.
MARTIN: So as we'll talk about in a few minutes, President Trump has been in India. He is in India. And notably, there are no Democrats holding political rallies there for their campaigns. And I say that because Trump's travel schedule has tended to run in parallel to the Democratic contenders as of late.
KEITH: He's been something of a shadow or a counterprogrammer. About a day before every single one of these Democratic primary contests, he has shown up. So he is going to South Carolina on Friday before their Saturday primary. And then on Monday, he goes to North Carolina. And that is one of the 14 states and territories voting on Super Tuesday.
MARTIN: All right. NPR's Tam Keith for us. We appreciate it.
KEITH: You're welcome.
(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)
MARTIN: All right. Huge adoring crowds, baseball hats with simple slogans and a big personality on stage. These are the basic ingredients of a Trump rally anywhere in America. Today, though, it is the scene in Gujarat, India.
KING: That's the sound of a crowd inside a cricket stadium. And those baseball caps don't say Make America Great Again. They say Namaste, Trump. India's prime minister, Narendra Modi, was in the U.S. last fall for an event called Howdy, Modi. And today, India returned the favor. President Trump was invited to give an address during his visit to India.
MARTIN: NPR's Lauren Frayer was at that very rally, and she joins us now. Hi, Lauren.
LAUREN FRAYER, BYLINE: Hi. Still am.
MARTIN: You're still there. So are people still lingering? I mean, what's the atmosphere like?
FRAYER: This is a stadium of 100,000 people all wearing white baseball caps that you mentioned that read Namaste in Hindi - that means hello or welcome - and then Trump in English. And they were blasting Bollywood songs. But they switched to the song "Macho Man" just as Trump and Modi took the stage.
FRAYER: It feels like every lamppost in this city is plastered with portraits of Trump and Modi holding hands. This is Modi's home state. And he's just throwing a gigantic welcome party for Trump. There are school groups here, Hindu nationalist groups, business leaders. I saw a bare-chested guy with his whole body painted in the colors of the U.S. and Indian flags.
FRAYER: There are some - yeah. There are some Indian Americans here. I spoke with Daksha Dalal (ph). She came all the way from Kansas City.
DAKSHA DALAL: I'm feeling proud and exuberant that two big democracies in action, you know, working together - one on the East, one on the West.
FRAYER: And she's a registered Democrat, but she voted for Trump last time. And she says she'll do so again in November.
MARTIN: Amazing. So, I mean, they've rolled out the red carpet. Modi has gone all out. Clearly, there are a lot of fans there for Modi and Trump. But more broadly, I mean, is Donald Trump popular in India?
FRAYER: He is. He's very popular. He is seen as a strong leader. You've got to go back to 1959 and Dwight Eisenhower to find a U.S. president addressing a crowd like this in India. Trump had praise for Modi when he spoke to the crowd. And it was just effusive. Here's what he had to say.
(SOUNDBITE OF RALLY)
PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP: America loves India. America respects India. And America will always be faithful and loyal friends...
TRUMP: ...To the Indian people.
FRAYER: The crowd cheered when Trump said he's working to fight Islamist terrorism. The only time the crowd went silent was when Trump mentioned how he's also working with Pakistan, India's archrival. But really, mostly it was light. He mentioned Bollywood films. He dropped a few famous names of cricket stars - botched the pronunciations of some of those, but the crowd went wild nonetheless.
MARTIN: (Laughter) Yeah, it's the effort counts, I guess. So is this just about the spectacle of all of it? Or is there any policy being made on this trip?
FRAYER: Not much. I mean, this trip seems to be, so far, more about pageantry and optics over substance. This evening, Trump and the first lady are going to the Taj Mahal and then will overnight in the capital, New Delhi. Tomorrow is the policy day. And Trump will be holding bilateral meetings and possibly some trade talks there.
MARTIN: Maybe catch a Bollywood film. Who knows?
FRAYER: Who knows (laughter)?
MARTIN: NPR's Lauren Frayer. She was talking to us from the enormous rally in India. Prime Minister Narendra Modi had welcomed President Trump, who gave an address there just moments ago. Lauren, thanks. We appreciate it.
FRAYER: You're welcome. Namaste.
MARTIN: Namaste. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
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The laboratory department was accredited by the Global Laboratory Accreditation of the American University of Pathology (CAP)
The laboratory is one of the first laboratories to be accredited to deliver the COVID-19 test (PCR) during the CORONA pandemic.
- The laboratory provides accurate results by conducting tests with high accuracy and efficiency.
- We use the latest global devices and reagents to provide to obtain a definitive and accurate diagnosis.
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“How do I repent for something I didn’t do?”
It’s a valid question, especially in these times when the wrongs of the past are placed before the public continuously. If our ancestors thought, said, and did things that bring grief to our heavenly Father, then what are we to do?
The first step is to acknowledge that something wrong was done by those who came before us, and that we must live out the consequences. Nothing will change until that acknowledgement happens. Once it happens, then the way is open for God to bring healing, reconciliation, and restoration.
That is the purpose of the Nations’ 9th of Av as we seek to help Christians understand our unpleasant history with the Jewish people. The Jerusalem Post has taken notice of this initiative and has recently published an article about our plans for observing Tisha b’Av (the 9th of Av), the saddest day on the Jewish calendar. Read the article here, and then visit www.9-av.com to learn more.
There is still time to join our Virtual Tour of Israel and take part in this healing work between Christians and Jews. Click here to learn more:
Christians to repent online for antisemitism on Tisha Be’av
The Jerusalem Post
By GIL HOFFMAN JULY 21, 2020 09:10
Tisha Be’av, the saddest day on the Jewish calendar, will become a time for Christians around the world to repent together for two millennia of antisemitism through a virtual prayer event hosted on the 9-av.com website.
While Jews will be reading Lamentations in and out of synagogues, Christians will participate in a nine-hour online vigil of prayers. There will also be a week of online tours of biblical sites and other key locations in Israel.
The event is being organized by a steering committee led by Al McCarn, Laura Densmore and Steve Wearp, a Christian and former national director of the March for Remembrance, which holds events against antisemitism in more than 50 US cities. This is his third year organizing Tisha Be’av events for Christians in Jerusalem and his first time hosting it online due to the coronavirus.
“We struggled with how to do it this year, but we realized we have a much greater audience potential online,” Wearp said.
Click here to continue reading: Christians to repent online for antisemitism on Tisha Be’av – The Jerusalem Post
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FIVE STAR SOLUTION
Presentation Date: Wednesday April 14, 2021
Here is the 29 page FIVE STAR SOLUTION Webinar Presentation PDF file. (This file includes the content from the March 10th Presentation + the addition of nanotechnology to save energy by reducing oil fouling in refrigerant loops) This Clean Teach Webinar and previous ones provide insights into next-generation sustainable buildings. Presentation Date: Wednesday, March 10, 2021 Presenter: Energy Intelligence Center’s CEO Charlie Szoradi This Clean Teach webinar presentation details the energy conservation measures that make up Energy Intelligence Center’s “Five Star Solution”. The webinar content includes proven and affordable next-generation technologies for sustainable buildings with energy efficiency and improved indoor air quality (IAQ). The webinar also includes relevant information on the proposed Biden administration funding to reduce COVID-19 and promote energy efficient buildings.
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Dr. Kevin Gilliland – Mastering Mindset & Preventing Depression
Dr. Kevin Gilliland, Psy.D., is an expert in mental health, depression and addiction. After working more than two decades in healthcare as a clinical psychologist, Kevin became a pioneer of outpatient treatment as the CEO and Executive Director of Innovation 360, a treatment center for alcohol & drug addiction, depression, anxiety, bipolar, family therapy and life development. In addition to managing the day-to-day operations of Innovation360, which include staff management, program development, and coordinating client care with outside therapists and physicians, Kevin also works with individuals and couples seeking to improve their family and marriage relationships.
In This Episode, You’ll Learn:
– How you can move towards high performance?
– The obstacles Men face in trying to perform at the highest level?
– How does Mental Health affect our performance?
– How Guilt & Shame are often confused with Motivation
– How masculinity shows up in depression, anxiety, addiction
– How to identify depression if and when it grows
– How depression shows up in Men vs Women (and how each gender reacts to it)
– IQ, EQ and LQ – What are they and why they are important in your success?
– The negative consequences of following the myth of the lone wolf/lone ranger.
– The importance of relationships in identifying signs of depression/mental health
– How language impacts a Man’s ability to identify and own depression
For more information about ManTalks or to join a ManTalks Mastermind: Click Here
For more episodes visit us at ManTalks.com
Some Questions Connor Asks:
Could you share a defining moment for you? – 5:44
What are some of the blocks you see from people who can’t take action with their health? – 12:43
What are some of the signs before depression? – 15:35
Is there any reason from a psychological side on why men “avoid” the signs? – 21:00
How can guys fight “shutting down” from depression and what can those around them do to help? – 33:18
Thank You to the Team:
Editing & Mixing by: Aaron Johnson
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Have you ever wondered what the society would be like without the wisdom and the guidance of the elderly? Do you ever sit down and think about the elderly neighbours next door who are lonely and miss their children who are living away from them? Do you reach out to the elderly on the road and help them to cross it?
Ageing is a natural process that happens and will happen to all of us. But as we grow, we lose our freedom to move around due to various physical wears and tear. But does that mean they should loose contact with their family and peers ending up in solitude and depression?
OFFER’s latest project, Saanjhbaati, is in association with Bidhannagar City police under the guidance of Police Commissioner, Bidhannagar, Sri Rajeev Kumar, IPS. We launched this project on April 14, 2012 and since then it has touched the lives of 1000 elderly people through its services that aim to provide them with a better quality of life.
At OFFER we recognise that the elderly people all over the world have the right to basic social facilities like pensions, social security, health care, safety and security, transportation and mobility. They deserve to live with dignity and enjoy the fruits of their hardships. Thus, Team
OFFER has taken this initiative and is trying to reach out to the elderly by:
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Introducing simple and effective technologies in the right ways can enable manufacturers to get more from their existing operations while also attracting and retaining talent for the long term.
Both autonomous manufacturing and hybrid autonomous manufacturing introduce a level of automation never seen before. The system does all the work, with machines and technology as a strong foundation, and people are relegated to monitoring and support.
Smart factories, in particular, could transform the automaking industry to reach its full potential. As the sector grows more competitive, manufacturers that embrace this trend early could see promising results.
Manufacturers must know what challenges they face and how to overcome them to make the most of these investments. Here are the most common automation challenges and how to address them.
Those manufacturers that digitize their operations will gain significant advantages, and those that don't will have a more difficult time catching up.
Everything from pandemic production pivots to Suez Canal blockages shows the unpredictability of supply and demand. Unanticipated impacts to manufacturing processes are imminent, but there are three key considerations to mitigate the impact on business operations:
The warehouses and industrial equipment plants of tomorrow will look different than they do today. Manufacturing technology continues to evolve as companies look to reduce their costs without sacrificing the overall quality of their products and services.
Assessing the health of capital equipment used to produce and move these goods minimizes cost repairs, downtime and outages. Businesses gain a big picture of the logistics chain using wireless sensors that provide data on the location of high-value cargo.
The 105-acre campus combines cutting-edge production with in-house engineering and modification services to increase efficiency across each touchpoint of the Rittal value chain.
If you have ever sourced custom machinery or factory automation you are familiar with a Request for Proposal (RFP) or User Requirement Specification (URS). The requests are written with content and styles that vary, but the effective ones share some common features.
Until now, manufacturers have been dipping their toes and getting familiar with the technology, using it to create prototypes rather than final products. But that is changing. It's only a matter of time before AM makes the leap from prototyping to manufacturing.
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, employees and instantiations have had to adapt by working with the best tech. Now, these factory innovations are a sign of what's to come in 2021. In many factories, smart technology is paving the way.
There are several different architectures and protocols that can be used to gather data on the factory floor. The two most common protocols are very different, which makes them worth comparing for their effectiveness in IIoT - OPC UA and MQTT/Sparkplug.
According to an industry survey, the majority of food manufacturing companies are expecting to increase production. However, the same study suggested automation does not offer enough flexibility to fulfil an increase in production.
The survey, based on 200 global businesses, indicates smart manufacturers achieve their status by achieving three key factors when planning and implementing pilot programs
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CIMON-XPANEL is a Windows CE based HMI unit. A combination of software and hardware, suitable for various monitoring needs within industrial sites.
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This study deals with complex investigation of peculiarities of metal nanoparticles generation by underwater spark discharge and following verifying of such complexions in several biological applications.
In particular, studies of kinetics of the colloidal particles forming are carried out. In addition, plasma of electric spark underwater discharges is studied using optical emission spectroscopy techniques with the aim to find the correlations between electrical parameters and plasma characteristics .
The expediency of the use of colloidal nanoparticles for agricultural production is widely discussed as well.
Boretskij V.F., Veklich A.N., Tmenova T.A., Cressault Y., Valensi F., Lopatko K.G., Aftandilyants Y.G. Plasma of underwater electric discharges with metal vapors // Problems of Atomic Science and Technology.-2019.-25, N 1.-P. 127-130.
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How much security should you have? Better said, how much do you pay for security of your classified information? Start at the basics. Know what is critical to protect. Is it information? A classified item? Or is it a process, a process which makes an otherwise unclassified piece of equipment a possible surprise on the battlefield which will save the lives of our soldiers? In short, don’t let cost drive your decisions. While no one in the C-suite wants to hear this, they also don’t want to read about one of their programs being compromised either.
Start With The Right Decisions To Fund Your Security
Make the right decisions to keep your information or classified items safe, then work on cost effectiveness adjustments afterward. Security is not a goal to be worked toward, but to be fine-tuned once you know all is secured. That is to say, once you’ve identified how your whole program might be compromised, and then those weak points protected, you can consider ways to save on expenses. After all, if your program is compromised, cost savings means nothing anymore, because the payment is in lost programs, and military lives.
Let’s look at how decisions like this are made. What worked and what didn’t? This might help to get a handle on how such decisions on how proper security measures should be reached. In fact, let’s begin with the biggest secret of World War II, the atomic bomb development program, The Manhattan Project.
All these years after dropping two atomic bombs on Japan in 1945, we stand amazed that the secret development of the “Manhattan Project” was protected so well. A wartime project which brought thousands of people to work in a remote New Mexican desert to construct this titanic weapon was never exposed in the press. Yes, the press was fairly easy to ‘enlist’ in those hyper-patriotic days. Journalists were reluctant to write about goings-on which might help end the war.
All the physical security measures, guards, signs, and roving patrols kept out wanderers. Information security made sure the story never leaked, and personnel security was tight. Or was it? We now know that a Soviet spy, a refugee from Hitler’s Germany, Dr. Klaus Fuchs, did indeed betray the secret to Stalin’s espionage ring in the United States. That chink in the armor of security cost the United States its sole possession of the bomb.
Or consider this. In response to concerns about apparent foreknowledge by the North Vietnamese of American attacks in Vietnam, a major U.S. study was conducted to determine one of two things. Were there spies in our system betraying our attacks? That is, was it true, as the then Joint Chief of Staff General Wheeler put it upon hearing this, “We’ve been penetrated!” Was it really spies, or something else altogether? Were we somehow betraying ourselves by unwittingly leaking information about our own activities?
it’s All Pieces of the Larger Security Puzzle
It all works together. Determine what you need to protect. Employ all aspects of traditional security. Be sure you have (or have access to) all the security disciplines covered. Have all the information, personnel, physical, and industrial security personnel you need. Then have a complete Operations Security plan. That is, develop a plan that will tell you how your whole system works to protect your classified information. Start from the beginning. How do you get your classified information? Go step by step to identify everything. Trace all the unclassified aspects, about how your classified information comes to be yours, what you do with it, how it is deployed, and what happens to it after that. Ask all the right questions. Who has ‘need to know’? Know who has access, and limit that as best you can. Then compartmentalize what you can among those with a ‘need to know’. That means, you need a way to track who knows what about your program. Is it a thing you are protecting? Don’t build giant secluded and hidden hangars for an airplane if all you need to protect is a component for a component of its machinery. Throw that part in a safe after use!
In this our modern age of computers and cell phones, get the best available computer security guidance. Be like the wise observer who suggested, “Think like your adversary.” Test your system from beginning to end. Is there somewhere you can be compromised? Where are you unprepared? Best advice of all? Ask your federal support agencies to evaluate your security plans. Ask them to provide threat assessments and Operations Security assessments. They will find out where your weaknesses are, and advise you how to correct those. Know ahead of time where you are vulnerable, and pay for protection for that. Know that adversaries are watching, watching as you prepare your defenses.
As the Chinese general and philosopher Sun Tzu, writing in the fifth century B.C.E., advised anyone trying to overcome defenses, “Take advantage of the enemy’s unpreparedness; travel by unexpected routes and strike him where he has taken no precautions.” Your enemy is doing this. What are you doing to make sure he doesn’t win? Oh, and most important of all, have a good counterintelligence capability. Work with your federal support elements to make sure you not only protect your information, but know the means to investigate any potential problems. After all, counterintelligence is there to deter, detect, and defeat such problems. Remember. You are not preparing to protect the company’s bottom line. You are protecting your secrets because lives are in the balance.
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They say sharing is caring, but sometimes you’re better off not — towels, toiletries and toothbrushes can carry bacteria, viruses and fungi that can spread between people.
‘In general, it is better not to share anything that goes on or in your body,’ says Lisa Ackerley, a chartered environmental health practitioner at thehygienedoctor.co.uk.
‘The skin is an effective barrier, but any scratch or break in that barrier makes us vulnerable to those microbes.’
While it seems obvious to avoid sharing towels when we’re ill, here the experts reveal which other commonly shared items it’s healthier to be selfish with.
Be careful what you share! Anything can carry bacteria, viruses and fungi which can spread
A POT OF VASELINE
If the cold weather has made your lips dry, don’t dip into a shared jar of Vaseline. ‘There’s a lot of bacteria around the mouth and dipping into a shared pot of cream is risky,’ says Dr Justine Hextall, a consultant dermatologist at Tarrant Street Clinic in Arundel, West Sussex.
For example, the herpes simplex virus, which causes cold sores, is highly contagious and can survive for two hours on skin.
‘Because of the risk of spreading this, and other, viruses — which can sit dormant without causing symptoms in some people — I would never share lipsticks or lip balms,’ says Dr Hextall.
‘What’s more, many microbes — including the herpes simplex virus — may be fine sitting on the skin but can go through mucous membranes, such as those lining the mouth, eyes and nose, and cause infections, which can even lead to inflammation of the brain in at-risk individuals,’ adds Dr Manal Mohammed, a lecturer in microbiology at the University of Westminster.
‘It is feasible that microbes can survive in a tub of Vaseline, because the temperature is just right and it remains moist,’ adds Robin May, a professor of infectious disease at the University of Birmingham.
Fact: The herpes simplex virus, which causes cold sores, is highly contagious and can survive for two hours on skin
‘Also, it is made from a fatty compound, and lots of bacteria and fungi can use this type of environment to survive,’ he says. ‘But no studies have tested how well bugs survive in Vaseline.’
The big issue with lip balms, he adds, is that they are used on cracked skin, so there’s an entry point for the infections.
And it’s a similar issue with pots of cream, too, which can spread bacteria that trigger skin infections such as impetigo, and reactions such as folliculitis, where hair follicles become inflamed.
‘Once a water-based cream is open to air, that environment also makes bacteria multiply,’ adds Dr Hextall. ‘That’s why a lot of creams have pump dispensers.’ If you’re sharing a pot of cream, experts recommend using a disposable cotton bud to dip into it instead of fingers.
Sharing earphones is a bad idea, suggest the experts. They’ll often have ear wax on them, which carries dirt and germs too — some of which will be pathogenic, or disease causing, says Dr Mohammed.
People who use earphones regularly have thousands of times more bugs than those who used them infrequently, according to a study in the Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences in 2008.
Listen up: Sharing earphones is a bad idea, suggest the experts. They’ll often have ear wax on them, which carries dirt and germs
The researchers said ‘bacterial transfer does increase with use and the chance of it being transferred is high [when] people share earphones’. Sharing also increases the chance of otitis externa, inflammation of the external ear, they wrote.
It is thought that blocking off part of the ear makes it warm and moist, which makes it easier for microbes to flourish.
‘Also, if you constantly shove something in your ear, it can cause damage to the skin and this increases your risk of infections if the bacteria get under the skin,’ adds Sally Bloomfield, an honorary professor at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Few harmful microbes live naturally in the ear; problems arise when new ones are introduced as this disrupts the normal balance of microbes — ‘recently a patient complained of an ear infection and tests revealed testicle bacteria on his earphones transferred from his hands,’ says Professor May.
SOUP AND POPCORN
Sharing food is part of day-to-day life for many; whether it’s movie popcorn, party snacks or finishing your child’s leftovers.
‘Before sharing food, ask yourself: “Would I share this person’s saliva?” ’ says Dr Mohammed. ‘When we eat, droplets of our saliva transfer to the food, as well as our cutlery. It’ll also be on our hands, which we will then use to touch surfaces.’
‘Saliva can transmit viruses such as those that cause cold and flu; and bacteria that cause strep throat. These will be transmitted to others who come into contact with the saliva — whether they develop the infection is down to their immune response to those pathogens.’
Saliva can transmit viruses such as those that cause cold and flu; and bacteria that cause strep throat
If the infectious cell can transfer from the mouth to the air, then it can be transferred between people through saliva droplets, according to Paul Dawson, a professor of food science at Clemson University, and Brian Sheldon, a professor emeritus in food microbiology at North Carolina State University in the U.S.
In experiments for their book, Did You Just Eat That?, the two experts looked at the way that bacteria are transferred on foods.
For example, if two people share a bowl of chicken soup, they found that bacteria were transferred back to the bowl from each person’s spoon after it had been in their mouth, with between 70,000 and 90,000 bacteria being transferred to the soup after six mouthfuls (around 10,000 bacteria a time).
The transferred bacteria in a soup may not automatically cause problems, says Professor May. ‘I would happily share hot soup with someone, but if it has cooled down then I wouldn’t.’
The key here is that very few microbes survive at 50c or more.
‘If you’re serving steaming hot soup, even if you cough directly into it, most microbes won’t survive,’ says Professor May. ‘Once it has cooled to 37c — lukewarm — these conditions would support bugs to survive more, so avoid sharing.’
Meanwhile, the problem with popcorn is that people place their hands into the bag multiple times after they’ve touched their mouths and many dirty surfaces in public places, said Professor Dawson and Professor Sheldon.
In an experiment, they put deactivated E. coli (a bacterium that can cause gastroenteritis and urinary tract infections) on people’s hands and found 85 per cent of the handfuls of popcorn touched with these hands contained these bacteria, while 79 per cent of the popcorn remaining in the bowl had them.
‘By the time you’re scraping the bottom of the bag, you might as well be kissing the person sharing the bag with you,’ they said.
Did you know? The environment inside washing-up gloves is conducive to bugs
‘The environment inside washing-up gloves is conducive to bugs,’ says dermatologist Dr Hextall.
‘We tend to use them with wet hands so they get warm and moist inside, which means microbes can flourish. They will harbour bugs on the outside too, including those that cause food poisoning — and these can easily then be transferred to your hands and other surfaces.
‘I’d also be cautious about using gloves near food we’re going to eat, so I’d store them under the sink, and wash my hands after using them.
‘As well as different rubber gloves per person, you’d also need a different pair for different chores, such as for the kitchen and bathroom.’
Sharing a toothbrush is a complete no-no, says Dr Nigel Carter, chief executive of the Oral Health Foundation. ‘That’s because they pick up a large load of bacteria and viruses from the mouth and the bathroom; these gather in the brush and can easily be passed on as it remains warm and moist.’
In particular, bacteria linked with gingivitis (gum inflammation) and blood-borne infections can be shared. Store toothbrushes in separate pots, too — touching can spread harmful microbes from one mouth to another.
Sharing a toothbrush is a complete no-no, says Dr Nigel Carter, chief executive of the Oral Health Foundation
They should also be kept in a cabinet to minimise the number of microbes that latch onto them from the loo. (Flushing the loo has been shown to spray millions of bacteria into the air, and these can land up to 10ft away.)
Meanwhile, if you have a sore throat or any viruses, you should even avoid sharing toothpaste, says microbiologist Dr Mohammed. ‘These contagious germs can spread from your mouth to the toothbrush then to the tip of the shared toothpaste, where they may survive for some time and can be caught by someone else.’
Most mouthwashes contain antimicrobial compounds, but while it’s fine to share a bottle, don’t swig from it: ‘Use the cap then rinse it to wash out microbes,’ says Dr Carter.
If you’re chilling out on the sofa after a long day, you may unknowingly be exposing yourself to flu.
Recent — as yet unpublished — research shows the couch could be another shared item that can easily spread harmful bugs.
‘We found the influenza virus will survive for two or three days on a couch, and when you sit on it, it’ll create aerosols that will contaminate your clothes and hands — and you can also inhale the virus,’ says Charles Gerba, a professor of microbiology and environmental sciences at the University of Arizona in the U.S. By using so-called tracer viruses, compounds that attach to viruses and help track their movement, he found that when people sit on a couch with flu droplets on it, the virus spread all over them.
‘The best thing is only to sit on vinyl or leather couches — as you can disinfect them if you need to,’ says Professor Gerba. ‘In some cases it is safer to sit on the floor, as it is cleaned more often.’
Don’t share a razor as there’s a chance you will cut the skin, which opens you up to infection as bacteria can spread through the blood, says Professor Bloomfield.
Don’t share a razor as there’s a chance you will cut the skin, which opens you up to infection as bacteria can spread via blood
Some germs may be able to get through cuts we can’t see with the naked eye, says Dr Mohammed.
‘For example S. aureus, which normally lives on the skin without problems, can gain access through the tiniest cut and cause folliculitis or impetigo. It is a similar case with bacteria that cause warts, some yeast infections and Trichophyton, a fungi that can cause athlete’s foot, ringworm, and jock itch.’
And if you do bleed, there’s the risk of sharing blood-borne viruses too, such as hepatitis C, adds Dr Hextall.
MASCARA & EYELINER
Anything that comes into direct contact with your face should be kept to yourself, says Professor Bloomfield.
In particular, she says, mascara or eyeliner should never be shared as microbes can get through the mucous membrane in the eye. ‘A brush is dry, so microbes may not survive for long, but in a mascara they would, as it is wet and warm inside,’ adds Dr Hextall.
Dr Mohammed agrees, noting that brushes and mascaras may carry bacteria that spread acne and cause conjunctivitis.
They can also carry microbes that cause cold, flu and measles — and these can be transferred through the eye membrane.
‘Many of us will carry disease-causing bugs on our skin without problems as we may have an immune response — but if shared, someone else may be more vulnerable and react badly,’ adds Dr Hextall.
‘After two days, if you dry your face on a hand towel, you’re probably getting more E. coli on your face than if you stuck your head in a loo,’ says Professor Gerba.
For a 2017 study, his team went door-to-door and collected 500 hand towels — tests found nearly 90 per cent carried coliform bacteria (the type that originates in faeces); around 14 per cent carried E. coli; and 4 per cent carried Salmonella (a cause of food poisoning).
The issue is people don’t wash their hands properly, so when they dry them on towels, they transfer dangerous microbes to them.
The issue is people don’t wash their hands properly, so when they dry them on towels, they transfer dangerous microbes to them
Soggy towels then sit in a damp bathroom — this environment becomes a breeding ground.
‘Pathogens such as those that cause flu, norovirus and skin infections need moisture and an ambient [warm] temperatures to flourish, so a towel hanging in the bathroom is perfect,’ says Professor May.
‘For an average person a soggy towel doesn’t pose a huge risk, but if you had any scratch or open wound — or used it near your mouth or eyes — it’s a different story.’
For example, S. aureus can cause infections such as impetigo and if skin has eczema or acne, it may trigger flare-ups, adds Dr Hextall. ‘In my house, anyone with any cold, infection or stomach bug has their own towel and puts it in the wash straight after.’
‘Another issue is cleaning towels because it is difficult to get rid of this harmful bacteria — you need to use the hottest water and bleach,’ adds Professor Gerba, who also suggests individual hand towels in the family.
‘Meanwhile, bath towels should never be shared at all,’ adds Dr Ackerley. ‘Everyone in my family has different-coloured towels and they know which is theirs — we don’t share.’
A CHILD’S HAIRBRUSH
Shared brushes and combs can obviously transfer nits, but they can also carry bacteria and yeast infections that form on the scalp, says Dr Hextall.
There’s also a risk of catching scabies and fungal infections such as ringworm [which can give you a yellow, crusty scalp and even temporary baldness] from someone who carries these microbes, adds Professor Bloomfield.
In particular, don’t share brushes with young children as they are likely to carry some of these infections on their scalp, says Dr Hextall. ‘After puberty, the pH of the scalp changes, which makes it less conducive to fungal infections.’
If you’re having your nails done, beware of shared nail files, clippers and anything that’s used close to the nail, says Dr Hextall. ‘They must be sterile or single use to prevent infections spreading.’
In particular, fungal nail infections can spread this way, and they are ‘very difficult to treat’, she says. ‘Once the nail is damaged, there is a portal for entry for other infections, such as bacterial ones. Those with conditions such as diabetes are at risk of cellulitis [an infection in the deeper layers of the skin].’
‘If you know someone has a fungal nail infection, don’t share anything with them, including nail files and shoes. A fungal nail is identifiable by a yellow, slightly thicker nail that often has an odd shape.’
WHAT’S LURKING IN YOUR YOGA MAT?
A yoga class and uncleaned mat are the perfect environment to spread infections
Yoga classes can be sweaty places, and with sweat comes microbes that can spread to any surfaces you touch. A yoga class and uncleaned mat are the perfect environment to spread infections, says Dr Justine Hextall, a consultant dermatologist at Tarrant Street Clinic in Arundel, West Sussex.
‘Making skin contact with a dirty yoga mat can lead to fungal infections such as ringworm and athlete’s foot, as you’ll have sweaty, bare feet that make infections easier to spread. Exposure to other users’ perspiration and microbes can also worsen acne and transfer staphylococcal and streptococcal infections in susceptible people.’
Bacteria can survive on a surface for several hours to days, while viruses can survive for weeks, depending on the surface. If you’re using a borrowed mat, give it a wipe down with antibacterial wipes before use, and avoid touching your face until you’ve washed your hands after the class, says Dr Manal Mohammed, a lecturer in microbiology at the University of Westminster.
And wait for the mat to cool before rolling it up: ‘Bacteria and fungi can flourish when it is warm and may infect you when you reuse the mat,’ she says.
It’s not just used yoga mats to be wary of. Dr Lisa Ackerley, a hygiene expert, recalls the case of a skin infection that spread around a friend’s school after children shared gym clothes. ‘As a result of using shared kits that weren’t cleaned properly in between uses, they spread a resistant form of S. aureus that caused red and itchy skin infections,’ she says.
Meanwhile, a 2015 study in the journal Sexual Health identified a low risk of catching human papilloma virus, which causes genital warts, by using unclean bike seats at the gym.
However, many viruses are spread through mucous membranes (ie those lining the mouth, eyes and nose) or broken skin — so are unlikely to spread through gym clothes. Just don’t touch your eyes or eat anything before you’ve washed your hands after the gym.
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Fcc Net Neutrality Comments Were Largely Ignored. Federal communications commission (fcc) chairman ajit pai announced that his agency would begin collecting public comments on president donald trump’s controversial social media executive order. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast.
The fcc is legally required to consider public comment in its ruling on net neutrality. Net neutrality is dead — at least for now. The court largely upheld the fcc’s repeal,.
Posted By 3 Years Ago.
The federal communications commission (fcc) denied a request from first responders and cities in california and new york to extend a comment period on a portion of its net neutrality repeal. However, you might as well have been shouting at a wall. The public comments system for the.
A Whopping 20+ Million Comments Were Received By The Fcc (Federal Communications Commission) Regarding Net Neutrality, But A Vast Majority Of Them Were Ignored Completely.
(i) adopting through appropriate rulemaking “net neutrality” rules similar to those previously adopted under title ii of the communications act of 1934 (public law 73. “fake” net neutrality comments at heart of lawsuit filed against fcc lawsuit: Russians interfered in the fcc's decision to rollback net neutrality, according to comments form an fcc commissioner this morning.
Fcc Ignored Your Net Neutrality Comment, Unless You Made A ‘Serious’ Legal Argument | Net Neutrality | Know.
The vast majority of the 22 million comments were form letters, the official said, and unless those letters introduced. The commission said it didn’t really care about the public’s opinion on net neutrality unless it was phrased in unique legal terms. Net neutrality is dead — at least for now.
The Fcc’s Attempt To Gather “Unique” Comments Were Muddied By Form Submissions And Spambots.
Net neutrality dies in silence as morning shows largely ignore fcc's vote. Fcc ignored public records request for data on mass comment uploads. Between the time the fcc rulemaking proposal was unveiled in april 2017 and the close of the public comment period later that year, 22 million comments voicing an opinion about net neutrality were received by the fcc and 18 million of them were fake, according to the oag report.
A Senior Fcc Official Said That 7.5 Million Of Those Comments Were The Exact Same Letter, Which Was Submitted Using 45,000 Fake Email Addresses.
Fcc ignored your net neutrality comment, unless you made a ‘serious’ legal argument. Those comments were largely ignored by pai. The flagship morning news shows on broadcast and cable news covered net neutrality for less than four minutes combined
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INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY UNIT
To provide expertise and services on application of ICT to the Sector.
This Unit will perform the following activities: -
- Implement ICT and e-Government policy;
- Develop and Coordinate Integrated Information and Communication Technology for the Sector;
- Ensure that hardware and software are well maintained;
- Coordinate and provide support on procurement purchase of software and hardware in the Sector;
- Establish and Coordinate use of Electronic mail Communication on LAN and WAN; and
- Carryout studies and propose areas of using ICT as an instrument to improve service delivery to the whole Sector.
This Unit will be led by a Principal ICT Officer.
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Modern information on circumventing an important factor obstacle on the road to anti-scarring surgery have already been produced by Maksim Plikus, an affiliate mentor in growth and personal the field of biology from the UCI schooling of Biological Sciences and co-workers in trait speaking. The analysis organization discovered that the fresh scar-free peel service approach is based partly on assistance from swirling blood stream structure. The outcomes indicate the manner in which toward potential remedies for scar-free wound treating that target the human body’s own body skin cells.
Surface wounds activate quick cut restore, which frequently culminates because of the enhancement of scratch. Unlike regular skin, pocks are devoid of hair roots and excess fat panels, and establishing young wild hair and rounded is essential for regenerating an equal of regular bark. In a 2017 material posted in discipline, Plikus and fellow discovered that animal rats can obviously renew near normal-looking bag when late hair and fatty structure shape in recovering pains. Young unwanted fat structure make from myofibroblasts, a type of cut fibroblast that was previously not really considered to be competent at transforming into additional personal categories. This revelation helped bring restored focus on wound fibroblasts as pretty prey for anti-scarring options.
With the current economic survey, co-led by George Cotsarelis from college of philadelphia, your research agency undertaken to advance define injure fibroblasts and determine as long as they’re get and similarly effective regenerating young fat muscle.
Applying a screen of single-cell gear as a form of computational microscope that analyse several thousand particular person body cells instantly, the analysis workforce found an all of the sudden top level of fibroblast choice.
people witness that wrap fibroblasts tend to be surprisingly really assorted hence you will find up to twelve unusual cell sub-types. Some of us realise his or her molecular signatures as they are starting to uncover their own biology. For example, we will already know that particular fibroblast sub-types ‘prefer’ exclusive particular areas of the cut. This implies that individuals compete unique characters within locations with the injury, and maybe at different times during mend course of action, mentioned religion Guerrero-Juarez, a postdoctoral boyfriend at UCI and low article writer of the venture.
After reviewing distress fibroblasts, the team observed that a major band of structure had the molecular revealing warning signs of obtaining originated people.
Molecular profiling of injure fibroblasts definitely shows that around 13percent advisors at some point in the background have been circulation skin cells that become collagen-producing fibroblasts, but retained ongoing blood-specific genetics even activated, suggested Plikus.
Definitely, bloodstream cell-derived fibroblasts really noted by other people recently, which include tucked within wind scars. really genuinely fresh about your observation is the fact that these fibroblast-making blood stream muscle, that happen to be named myeloid panels, can reprogram into brand-new excessive fat skin cells, Plikus reported. substantial, we all revealed that for wounds to reach scar-less regeneration, the body must circulate many cell strategies, which include from another location dispersing hold progenitors.
Because myeloid tissues may fairly easy to gather and better using pre-existing systems, this determination exposed the glamorous chances about the skin’s curing capability can be boosted via delivering regeneration-competent blood-derived progenitors to the product from hurt. As a sudden alternative, an information-rich inventory of different wind fibroblasts assist pattern a platform for its group to get started choosing newer sub-types of structure that accentuate marking, or upgrade rectify toward scar-less complexion regeneration.
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The life of Ntombikayise Mthembu, a 52-year-old widow from Mooi Plaas farm near Dannhauser in northern KwaZulu-Natal, has all the hallmarks of the hardship and complexities of Black women living on farms in rural South Africa.
She was born on the farm, raised on the farm and got married to a fellow farm dweller there. Now, widowed since 2002, she has been threatened with eviction and having her family’s herd of cattle taken away.
Poverty and hardship endured at the hands of commercial farmers have propelled her to join the struggle against the abuse of farm workers and tenants, especially women. She is one of the leading activists of Qina Mbokodo (translated as Be Strong, Woman), an advocacy group formed by women farm workers and tenants in rural KwaZulu-Natal and parts of Mpumalanga province.
She has three scars on her left arm and back, the result of rubber bullet wounds. She remembers the incident vividly. “It was in 2007 and a farmer from here in Dannhauser had thrown an elderly woman, Ntombizodwa Nkosi, her children and their belongings on the road after her husband, who had worked at the farm, had died.
“We were trying to return the woman [Nkosi] and her children to the cottage on the farm, but when we arrived the farmer had already called the police and they fired tear gas and rubber bullets at us,” she said.
Nkosi never returned to the farm and now lives with relatives. Her children and belongings have been divided among her relatives in the local township and other parts of northern KwaZulu-Natal.
‘Thrown out in the veld’
Mthembu and other land rights activists say laws such as the Extension of Security of Tenure Act, which protects people who have permission to live on commercial farms, are often not enough to shield farm dwellers.
“Even ESTA [the act] allows a farmer to evict, after a year, a woman and her children once her husband, who was a farm worker, dies. Imagine living all your life on a farm and, suddenly, you are thrown out in the veld,” Mthembu said.
There are many similar cases.
Thembani Dlamini, 54, and her family have been living as labour tenants on a maize farm near Paulpietersburg, KwaZulu-Natal, for more than 30 years. Her husband, also a tenant farm labour, died seven years ago.
She says the new farm owner has been aggressive and violent towards her and her children, demanding that they move off the farm because they don’t work for him.
She has 23 head of cattle, but says the new owner has taken to shooting her livestock in recent years, killing four of them. “I have opened a number of cases against this farmer but he has evaded justice. In cases where the farmer is taken to court, the cases drag on and on forever. In the meantime, he continues to harass and violate my rights,” she said.
Before their deaths, Dlamini’s parents were also land tenants. But they often told her that Black people were once owners of the land on which they now are izikhonzi (servants or land tenants) and their lives are at the mercy of the commercial farmers.
The farmer on whose land Dlamini and her family live has not granted her permission to allow the eDumbe local municipality to install water and electricity in her home on the farm. They have to collect firewood to cook and get water at the same well from which the cows drink.
“We’ve heard that South Africa has been free for 27 years. But for those of us who are living on farms, freedom is something we hear about in the news. We’ve never experienced or enjoyed it,” she said.
Mfana Zwane, a human rights activist in eDumbe, about 368km north of Durban, said Dlamini’s is just one of more than 200 open cases at police stations in the region and most of them are ignored.
“These farmers are a law unto themselves. They shoot and assault people, they desecrate and plant over people’s graves. There are just so many atrocities, but our government does not intervene. Even the police do not protect [us]. They tend to act only when the farmer has opened a case against the tenants,” he said.
Standing up for farm workers
The Association for Rural Advancement (Afra) is a Pietermaritzburg-based non-governmental organisation that advocates for land rights. It supports marginalised Black people from rural areas, with a particular focus on farm dwellers.
Afra has been compiling cases of violations for the past 42 years and, where necessary, spearheading litigation against farmers and other violators. Communications officer Nokuthula Mthimunye says violations and atrocities committed by farmers against people living on their farms still occur regularly.
“There are many cases where farm tenants and farm workers suffer in silence and don’t report cases. But those that come to our attention, we try by all means to assist the victims,” she said.
One of the cases Afra is handling is that of six women from Trustfeed, outside the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands farming area of Wartburg. The farmer summarily dismissed these women at the end of April. Prior to their dismissal, the women say they endured harassment for telling rights activists about their terrible working conditions, including being forced to work unpaid overtime.
“At times, the farmer forced us to reap tomatoes and green pepper in the dark, using his cellphone torch as the light,” said Gugu Ngubane, 43, one of the fired workers. “When he heard that we reported him, he became nasty and started victimising us.”
‘He died of a broken heart’
Despite working for more than five years on the farm, the women were given little more than R6 000 each. The farmer had been deducting Unemployment Insurance Fund contributions from their salaries, but officials at the Pietermaritzburg office of the Department of Labour and Employment have said there is no record of him passing on their contributions. Now these women are left out in the cold.
The farmer in question, Graeme Koch, declined to answer questions regarding the dismissal of the six women.
“l only talk with the Department of Labour and if they [the six women] have any problem, they can contact the Department of Labour. I paid them all their outstanding money, including notice period payment. I gave them all their documents and if they have a problem they can go there [to the department] and the officials,” he said.
New Frame was denied access on 26 May to several farms in the Midlands area where violations of this sort are said to have taken place.
Also in dire straits is 81-year-old Tawana Dlamini, who lives with her grandchildren on a sugar cane and livestock farm near Wartburg. She and her husband, who died more than 15 years ago, worked and lived on the farm, but now none of her family members work on it.
“The new farmer has been asking me why we are still on the farm when nobody works there. My husband worked on this farm for more than 30 years, but he wasn’t given a cent when he retired. He died of a broken heart because he was fighting for compensation for all the years he worked here,” said Dlamini.
“The farmer doesn’t want to have visitors here and asks many irritating questions. I fear that one day he will tell us to leave. I don’t know where we will go if he chases us away from here,” she added.
Sexual abuse is also rife in farming communities, which is another reason the women decided to establish Qina Mbokodo.
One farm worker in the Midlands, who asked that her name be withheld for fear of retribution, said she was one of those Black women farm workers who had been sexually abused by farm indunas (supervisors).
“They [farm supervisors] take advantage of our fragile and defenceless situation to force us to have sex with them so that we can be employed. Even when we are employed, they blackmail us to sleep with them, saying if we don’t they will claim we failed to achieve our daily scores, so that we will not get paid the full amount. “We found ourselves being abused by white farmers on the one hand, and Black supervisors who demand sex from us on the other,” she said.
According to Statistics South Africa, the number of households engaged in agriculture (also referred to as agricultural households) fell to 2.3 million in 2016 from 2.9 million in 2011. The decrease of 20.7% over the five years was mainly because of the drought experienced in the country in 2014 and 2015.
The number of people employed permanently in agriculture in 2019 was about 885 000. There are many more farm workers who are employed seasonally, especially during the planting and harvesting seasons.
Economists and social scientists say the agricultural sector plays an important role in the economy, in terms of its contribution to the country’s gross domestic product and in absorbing a large number of job seekers. But land activists say a number of violent incidents and atrocities have further polarised relationships between commercial farmers and farm workers and tenants.
A group of white farmers and their workers allegedly murdered brothers Zenzele and Mgcini Coka near a farm in Dirkiesdorp, Mkhondo (formerly Piet Retief), in April this year. Their murders led to violent protests in Mkhondo and other Mpumalanga towns. Five people, including three farmers, are facing charges for the murders.
In August last year, farming couple Glen and Vida Rafferty were murdered on their farm near Newcastle. The police moved quickly to arrest the suspect and quell the situation.
Minister of Police Bheki Cele addressed one imbizo in the area, during which Landless People’s Movement Amajuba district chair Somnandi Hadebe impatiently asked, “Nibasabani abelungu (Government leaders, what is it you fear from white farmers)?” He was implying that government officials and agencies move swiftly when a white farmer has been attacked but are slow or unmoved when white farmers commit atrocities against farm dwellers.
Another emotive incident took place in Senekal, near Welkom in the Free State, in October 2020 when protesting white farmers, angered by the brutal murder of farm manager Brendin Horner, demanded that the police hand over to them the two suspects arrested for his murder. They torched a police vehicle and overturned another.
‘We treat every case equally’
The police and other law enforcement agencies say they are trying their best to maintain law and order. KwaZulu-Natal police spokesperson Colonel Thembeka Mbhele denied allegations that the police are quick to respond when a white farmer has been attacked.
“There is no truth in that. We treat every case equally and take appropriate action to investigate each and every case, regardless whether it was opened by a Black or white person. We will investigate allegations that some of the cases opened by farm workers have been ignored and eventually closed,” she said.
Sandy La Marque, the chief executive of KwaZulu-Natal agricultural union Kwanalu, acknowledged that there are some problems, but said “on most farms excellent relations exist”. She blamed government incompetence for the failure of land reform in South Africa.
She said her union has been “pro-active over the years and directly engaged with rights issues”, working with farmers, farm labourers and farm tenants and the government, “encouraging compliance and willingly seeking sustainable solutions”.
This article was first published by New Frame.
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Platon is a school with future perspective. The school pursues with great interest and a creative mind the developments in the field of education; it constantly sets new goals holding at the same time an outstanding position in the educational scene.
Platon schools (Kindergarten – Primary – Secondary – Lifelong Learning Centre) is a modern educational institution with 570 learners and 90 staff. Through the use of the most up-to-date facilities, a diverse curriculum, experienced and skilled teaching staff and, most importantly, through consistency on principles and respect towards pupils and parents, our school has been struggling during the last ten years for the accomplished education of our pupils. Exploiting community based and participatory approaches, engage relevant local and regional stakeholders to address educational challenges.
Platon is affiliated to: Katerini Municipality, International Hellenic University, District Educational Authority of Pieria, Chamber of Commerce of Pieria, Olympus Festival, Volunteering team of Pieria, Cultural and Athletic clubs.
Cand. Phd in AI in Education. Masters of Science in Information Systems / Bachelor in Physics. Teaching Physics and Informatics in Secondary education and post-secondary education institutions. Cand. Phd in Artificial Intelligence. Participant in conferences and congresses. Participant in many LLP and FP7 projects. Creator of learning and teaching material both formal and informal learning for traditional and ICT based classroom activities. Participant, as educator, in Minerva project ”Educonlinux-Free and Open Source Server Based on Linux for Multi-Media-Classrooms in Schools and Universities”. Teacher trainer “in service training” of teachers on how to use ICT in education, use Moodle. Assistant trainer of teachers on how to use ICT in education for the Greek Education Ministry.
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A teacher filed the complaint with the state after she claimed training videos she was required to watch “…specifically shame white people for past offenses in history, and state that all are implicitly racially biased by nature.”
TPS issued a blistering response to the state board’s decision and said the schools “are teaching our children an accurate — and at times painful, difficult, and uncomfortable — history about our shared human experience,” according to the statement.
The TPS says it provided a training that included the topic of implicit bias. But, “it is clear there is no statement or sentiment pronounced that people are racist — due to their race or any other factor. We would never support such a training,” the statement says.
In its statement reacting to the state board’s decision, TPS took aim at the governor.
“It is notable that Governor Stitt’s state board of education spent significant time today talking about the complaints of one teacher in our district (among the hundreds of accreditation deficiencies statewide) and no time on the catastrophic teacher shortage facing every district in our state,” the statement said.
“At the request of two Tulsa School Board members, today I am calling for a special audit of Tulsa Public Schools and the potential mishandling of public funds. As one of the largest districts in the state, TPS received over $200 million in COVID federal relief funds,” Stitt said
In a previous CNN interview, Deborah A. Gist, Superintendent of Tulsa Public Schools, called the governor’s call for an audit “baseless accusations.”
“We have excellent management of funds, and there is no basis for anyone to be questioning our management of those federal dollars,” Gist said. “There is no evidence to support anything that he is saying.”
“I welcome anyone who wants to come and take a careful review,” she said.
The suit — backed by the ACLU, the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the Oklahoma state conference of the NAACP and the American Indian Movement (AIM) Indian Territory — sought to block enforcement of the law it says inhibits free speech and education of complete history through the framework of critical race theory.
CNN’s Raja Razek and Rebekah Riess contributed to this report.
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What has happened?
- The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has kept in limbo the proposal of its Internal Working Group (IWG) for granting banking licence to big corporate houses,
- Amid fears over connected lending and self-dealing if they are allowed in the banking space.
What’s the worry?
- While the main argument in favour of allowing corporate presence in banking is that they can bring in capital, business experience and managerial competence,
- There are apprehensions that it was not easy for supervisors to prevent or detect self-dealing or connected lending,
- As banks could hide connected party or related party lending behind complex company structures and subsidiaries or through lending to suppliers of promoters and their group companies.
- These loans can subsequently become bad assets of the bank.
- Moreover, highly indebted and politically connected business houses will have the greatest incentive and ability to push for licenses.
- On November 26, the RBI said it has accepted 21 out of 33 recommendations of the IWG on ownership of private banks, but kept silent on giving banking licence to big business groups.
What’s connected lending?
- Connected lending involves the controlling owner of a bank giving loans to himself or his related parties and group companies at favourable terms and conditions.
- Business groups need financing, and they can get it easily with no questions asked if they have an in-house bank.
- In short, companies can use the bank as a “private pool of readily available funds”.
- Big business groups already account for a major chunk of non-performing assets (NPAs) in the banking system even without becoming promoters of a bank.
Former governors’ opposition to the move
- When the IWG released its report in November 2020, former RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan and Deputy Governor Viral Acharya opposed the entry of business houses in banking,
- Saying if industrial houses need financing, they can get it easily if they have an in-house bank.
- “The history of such connected lending is invariably disastrous – how can the bank make good loans when it is owned by the borrower?
- Even an independent committed regulator, with all the information in the world, finds it difficult to be in every nook and corner of the financial system to stop poor lending,” they said in a joint article.
- In August 2011, the then RBI Governor D. Subbarao said in one of his speeches, “by far the biggest apprehension is about self-dealing — that companies will use the bank as a private pool of readily available funds.”
- Corporate houses were active in the banking sector till five decades ago when the banks promoted by them were nationalised in the late sixties amid allegations of connected lending and misuse of depositors’ money.
- The sector was opened up again post liberalisation with the first round of licensing of private banks that was done in 1993.
- Since then, there were two more rounds of licensing of banks in the private sector – in 2003-04 and 2013-14 – culminating with the on-tap licensing regime of universal banks since 2016.
- However, business houses were not considered though prominent corporates houses including Aditya Birla Group, Anil Ambani’s Reliance Capital and Bajaj group showed interest in 2013-14.
Can industrial group hold bank stake?
- The central bank says individuals and companies, directly or indirectly connected with large industrial houses are permitted to participate in the equity of a new private sector bank up to 10% and should not have controlling interest in the bank.
- Such shareholders should not have any Director on the board of the bank on account of shareholder agreements or otherwise, the RBI said in its Guidelines for ‘on tap’ Licensing of Universal Banks in the Private Sector issued in August 2016.
- A group with assets of Rs 5,000 crore or more with the non-financial business of the group,
- Accounting for 40% or more in terms of total assets or in terms of gross income, will be treated as a large industrial house, the RBI said.
Q) What is the maximum limit of CRR that can be set by the RBI?
- No Limit
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Boophis rappiodes — Central Bright-eyed Frog
Well, at least I got a photo of its cousin the Madagascar Bright-eyed Frog that we saw in the same hike.
- Glaw, F., Vences, M. 2007. A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar, Third Edition
- Glaw, F., Vences, M. 1994. A Fieldguide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar, Second Edition
- Henkel, F., Schmidt, W. 2000. Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar and the Mascarene, Seychelles, and Comoro Islands
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TAMPA, Fla. (WFLA) — About 3% of infants born to mothers who contracted COVID-19 were more at risk of developing neurological issues in the first year after being born, according to a study by medical researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, Mass.
The study examined mothers and infants from two hospital systems in six hospitals, with almost 8,000 pairs.
Of the 7,772 mother-infant pairs studied, 222 showed signs that COVID-19 infection during pregnancy led to a higher risk of neurodevelopmental problems in the first year of life. Additionally, the study found that COVID-19 infection while pregnant contributed to the rate of preterm births.
“Preterm delivery was more likely among exposed mothers,” the study said. “Maternal SARS-CoV-2 positivity during pregnancy was associated with greater rate of neurodevelopmental diagnoses in adjusted models.”
The study found the neurodevelopmental risks were “of larger magnitude” in mothers who were infected with COVID-19 in their third trimesters.
The effect of COVID-19 on developing fetal brains could be due to “inflammation and altered cytokine expression during key developmental windows,” the study said. Cytokine expression is a process that occurs when the body responds to injury or infection, causing inflammation. The study said that maternal infection, for COVID-19 and the flue, can affect fetal development.
“Regardless of mechanism, epidemiologic studies demonstrate that maternal infection in pregnancy, including other viral infections such as influenza, is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, cerebral palsy, cognitive dysfunction, bipolar disorder, and anxiety and depression,” the study said.
However, the authors of the study also noted that many of the disorders listed as a potential result of infection in the womb “may not manifest until adolescence or adulthood,” making the risk to children and adults unknown for multiple years, sometimes decades.
Preterm birth can also contribute to some of these conditions. The study said evidence was “emerging” that COVID-19 could lead to preterm delivery and other birth complications, with “a recent report indicating greater severity of infection was associated with greater preterm risk.”
In the cohort studied for the effect of COVID-19 on pregnancy and newborns, the study found the risk of preterm delivery was 14.4% higher for mothers who were COVID-19 positive while pregnant. Even adjusting to effects of preterm birth, the study found preterm birth alone “did not account for all of the observed increased risk of incurring a neurodevelopmental diagnosis.”
Simply put, maternal COVID-19 infections increased the risk of both preterm birth and neurological conditions in newborns, regardless of other health symptoms that could be caused by early delivery, according to the study. However, the study also noted that the symptoms caused by COVID-19 are also caused by other viral infections during maternity, meaning it may not be isolated to COVID-19 alone.
The study was also described by its authors as preliminary. They are working to continue their research with follow-up studies to understand more of the potential effects and health outcomes for in-utero exposure to COVID-19.
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This is a little technical, courtesy Niels Jensen , Managing Partner of Absolute Return Partners based in London, courtesy of John Mauldin. Thanks John, your work is much appreciated:
"So when we are told that the bailout cost, although large, is still manageable, it is only half the story.
The loss of tax revenue is another nail in the coffin and could lead to a dramatic – and unpredicted - rise in public debt. Have you heard any mention of that from your government?
At this point I need to introduce something as alien as the "flow-of-funds accounting identity"3:
Δ(G-T) = Δ(S – I) + ΔNFCI4
I rarely throw formulas at you for the simple reason that it scares many readers away. I urge you to stay with me for a bit longer, though, because this formula is critical in order to understand how the government response to the current crisis is likely to impact interest rates longer term. The equation states that any change in fiscal stimulus (Δ(G-T)) must equal the change in private sector net savings (Δ(S-I)) plus the change in net foreign capital inflows.
Translation: If our government stimulates the economy through public spending, as it is currently doing in spades, we must either save more or we have to rely on foreigners being prepared to invest in our country. There are no exceptions to this rule.
The key question, as our economic adviser Woody Brock points out, is what will cause this equation to hold true? It is quite simple. We will save more if we get paid more to do so (through higher interest rates) or if we are so scared of the future that we stop spending and start investing instead.
Foreign investors are no different. Now, with the trillions of dollars being spent around the world to shore up our financial system, the fear factor alone is not going to be enough. Higher – possibly much higher - interest rates will be required to ensure sufficient savings.
Obviously, there is another option at the government's disposal. The central bank can monetize some or all of the deficit by buying the bonds issued by the government. This line of action will keep Δ(G-T) down; hence the need for increased private savings (and/or capital inflows) drops accordingly. The problem with this approach, as an old Danish saying states, is that it is like wetting your pants to stay warm. Monetization executed on a big scale is highly inflationary in the long run, inevitably driving bond yields higher.
The good news is that we are very unlikely to loose control of inflation in the short run. The economy is simply too weak for that to happen.
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'They don't make them like that anymore'
The phrase might have been coined with Sir Samuel
White Baker in mind
To have done so much in one lifetime suggests
Samuel Baker had enormous energy and more than his fair share of
luck. He seems positively to have enjoyed courting danger and lived
constantly on the edge. But against all the odds, he died in
retirement in England at the ripe old age of 72.
Tears of innocence
Life in Madawatchchiya
The most frequent sight in this village are home
guards and most of the time they are on the move, peddling bicycles
with their weapons. Rice cultivation is not carried out without the
protection of the home guards or the army.
Stembo and the tomb-raider
While all other Supervisors were Sinhalese or
Tamils who had studied in village schools, Stembo was the sole
Burgher who had been in a Colombo school. He was also quite older
than the rest, whom he treated with avuncular advice and amusement
in equal measure.
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Makes approx. 9 servings (6 fl oz bottles)
|Similar to:||EleCare Jr Unflavored|
PurAmino Jr is designed for toddlers and children with severe cow’s milk allergy, multiple food allergies, or other gastrointestinal conditions.
- The only amino acid-based junior product that has DHA, a nutrient to help support brain development beyond 1 year
- Hypoallergenic - PurAmino Jr has 100% free amino acids
- Nutritionally complete for toddlers and children ages 1 and up*
PurAmino Jr may also be suitable for other conditions that may require an elemental diet.
- Multiple food protein allergies
- Eosinophilic esophagitis
- Short bowel syndrome
- Protein maldigestion
PurAmino Junior Unflavored Powder is available in a variety of different sizes to meet your unique needs including Powder in 14.1 oz If you want to stock up on PurAmino Junior Unflavored Powder you can purchase this Toddler Nutritional Drinks in a Case of 4.
PurAmino Junior Unflavored Powder is appropriate for both oral and tube feeding.
*Dietary reference intakes include a recommendation for fiber for >12 months of age.
Nutrients and Ingredients
Nutrients 100 g Powder
Preparation and Use
Your medical professional will provide the correct amount of powder to mix with water for consumption.* It is important to follow the directions below.
Measure the correct amount of water into a suitable container for mixing. Then add the required amount of PURAMINO Toddler powder. Mix well until blended.
Consume the prepared beverage immediately or cover and refrigerate. Use within 48 hours of preparation. Mix before drinking.
*If instructed to use the scoop in the can to make 30 Cal/fl oz feedings:
For every 1 fl oz of water, 1 unpacked level scoop of powder (6.8 g) will make approximately 1.1 fl oz of prepared formula. Add 5 unpacked level scoops (33.5 g) of powder to 5 fl oz of water to make ~6 fl oz of prepared product. Add 7 unpacked level scoops (46.9 g) to 7 fl oz of water to make ~8 fl oz of prepared product. Store DRY scoop in this can.
WARNING: Do not use a microwave oven to warm product. Serious burns may result.
Powder Storage: Store cans at room temperature. After opening can, keep tightly covered, store in dry area and use contents within 1 month. Do not freeze powder and avoid excessive heat.
WARNING: Not for parenteral (I.V.) use.
USE BY DATE ON CAN END.Last updated: 03/31/22
Ratings & Reviews
Customers also viewed
We understand how stressful this is for parents, and fully understand the importance of our role providing the single source of nutrition for many babies. Since the recall by another manufacturer, resources have been added to address the need but unfortunately, the wave of online orders is significant.
Please check our website for products available. You can also check for products by using the following resources:
- Start with our Enfamil.com store locator to search online and in-store availability
- Ask your local store managers what days they expect to receive new shipments
- Try both big box stores and smaller grocery stores they may not normally shop at
- Check with pediatricians for available samples or promotions, as well as alternatives to your current product.
- Be open to different sizes or formats of the brand you normally buy
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Discover Privacy News
Tor connection vulnerability uncloaks hidden web services
MIT researchers have developed digital attacks which can unmask Tor services in the Deep Web with a high degree of accuracy.
As reported by Net Security, a team from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have developed attacks which can be used to identify an anonymous hidden service, clients and potentially servers.
The link for this article located at ZDNet Security is no longer available.
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Employee Burnout/Fatigue Jumped from 27% in May to 47% in October; More Than Half Say Pandemic Has Harmed Personal Finances
The COVID-19 pandemic and economic crisis are taking a heavy toll on the state and local workforce. Since the early days of the pandemic, negative job sentiment is on the rise. In an October national survey, 52% reported feeling stressed, 47% said they are burnt out and fatigued, and 44% were anxious at work. Also, 54% of state and local employees said they have been negatively impacted financially by the pandemic.
These findings are contained in a new report from the Center for State and Local Government Excellence at ICMA-RC, Update on Public Sector Employee Views on Finances and Employment Outlook Due to COVID-19: May vs. October 2020. Download the report here.
A webinar is scheduled for Tuesday, February 9, 2021, at 1:00 PM ET. Register here.
“We’re seeing troubling trends regarding the impact of the pandemic on the state and local workforce. These employees – first responders, health professionals, teachers, and others – remain on the front lines of the pandemic, but without adequate resources,” said Rivka Liss-Levinson, PhD, Senior Research Manager at the Center for State and Local Government Excellence at ICMA-RC. “The research tells us that these public employees are feeling the pain in multiple ways – from stress and burnout to financial concerns,” she said.
“These workforce issues are problematic in both the short and long-term. Employees aren’t positioned to deliver critical public services at an optimal level, and employers will face even bigger challenges recruiting and retaining qualified workers in the years to come. We hope these findings are helpful to stakeholders across the nation who are making consequential budget and workforce decisions,” she said.
“Given these unprecedented times we are living through, an increase of 75% in burnout/fatigue among state and local employees, while understandable, is extremely concerning ”said Orlando Cruz, Senior Vice President at ICMA-RC. “Building on lessons from almost a year of working virtually with most of our clients, we have enhanced the resources available for those who serve their communities to help alleviate stresses, especially as it relates to meeting their savings and retirement goals. By actively engaging our participants in the manner convenient to them – whether in-person, on the phone, or by video conference – our CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ professionals and Retirement Plan Specialists are continuing to provide educational tools, guidance, and resources, to help lessen some of the financial burdens associated with retirement planning. We are doing our part to help as we all learn to adapt and navigate through this terrible pandemic.”
Key findings contained in the report are as follows:
General COVID Concerns
- Respondents in October felt stressed (52%), burnt out/fatigued (47%), and anxious (44%). Both fear and stress increased from May to October and burnout/fatigue jumped from 27% in May to 47% in October.
- Feelings that the risks they are taking during the pandemic are not on par with their compensation jumped from 32% in May to 48% in October. Similarly, sentiment that working during the pandemic has made them consider changing jobs increased from 20% in May to 31% in October.
- Like the results from May, respondents in October were most concerned about keeping their family safe from contracting the virus (81%) and staying protected from contracting the virus at work (78%).
- Trust in all levels of government decreased from May to October. While 67% reported a fair amount/great deal of trust in state and/or in local government leaders in May, this fell to 54% for local leaders and 50% for state leaders in October. Trust in federal government leaders was even lower, with only 29% indicating a fair amount/great deal of trust in federal leaders in October (down from 39% in May).
- In October, 76% considered their job at least somewhat risky in terms of their potential exposure to COVID-19, up from 70% in May.
- One in four respondents in October said it has been very or extremely difficult to balance the demands of work and homelife since the start of the pandemic. A key challenge has been childcare, with 78% of those with children under the age of 18 working from home while also caring for their children.
- There has been a significant shift in remote work from May to October, with full-time remote work decreasing from 42% in May to 16% in October. Among the 51% engaging in any remote work in October, only 22% had worked remotely prior to the pandemic.
- 72% of those working in-person in October did not have a choice regarding remote work.
- In October, 82% of respondents reported that the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the nature of their job, similar to the 85% level in May. At both time points, about one in three indicated it has been very or extremely difficult adjusting to the changes.
- More than half of respondents (54% in October and 56% in May) have been negatively impacted financially by the pandemic.
- In October, 60% said debt is a problem for their family, up from 57% in May. Since the start of the pandemic, 31% have had to take on more debt.
- Among the 72% with a partially or fully funded emergency fund in October, 40% had to spend money from the fund since the start of the pandemic to make ends meet.
- Since the start of the pandemic, 26% have reduced their retirement savings, and 40% have reduced their general savings. Far fewer have increased their retirement savings (9%) or their general savings (19%).
Satisfaction with Employer and Benefits
- Overall, less than half of respondents (46% ) were very or extremely satisfied with their employer in October, while 17% were not too satisfied or not at all satisfied.
- The elements of their job that they were most satisfied with are job security, their leave benefits (both 62%), and their health insurance (59%). In contrast, only 25% were very or extremely satisfied with their non-traditional benefits.
- The most appealing non-traditional benefits to respondents were flexible work scheduling (70%), along with physical wellness programs and employee assistance programs (both 41%).
Information for this report is from an online survey of full-time state and local government employees fielded by Greenwald Research in May 2020 (n=1,008) and October 2020 (n=1,205). Final data for both surveys were weighted by gender, age, income, and industry type to reflect the distribution of the state and local government workforce as found in the U.S. Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey and the U.S. Census of Governments.
The Center for State and Local Government Excellence (SLGE) at ICMA-RC
The Center for State and Local Government Excellence (SLGE) was founded in 2007 by ICMA-RC, and in 2021 the two organizations formally joined forces to form The Center for State and Local Government Excellence at ICMA-RC. SLGE at ICMA-RC helps local and state governments become knowledgeable and competitive employers so they can attract and retain a talented and committed workforce. SLGE at ICMA-RC identifies leading practices and conducts research on public retirement plans, health and wellness benefits, workforce demographics and skill set needs, labor force development, as well as topics facing the not-for-profit industry and the education sectors. Additionally, SLGE at ICMA-RC brings state and local leaders together with respected researchers. For more information, access to all research and publications, and to sign up for the SLGE at ICMA-RC newsletter, visit slge.org and follow @4GovtExcellence on Twitter.
Center for State and Local Government Excellence at ICMA-RC | Kelly Kenneally | 202.256.1445 | [email protected]
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A couple of weeks ago I posted a rant about the death of outdoor education, and questioned the use of month long ‘outdoor holidays’ for at risk teenagers. I stated my view that given a choice between mainstream outdoor education, which is part of the national curriculum, I think a residential trip is covered in Key Stage 3, or funding holidays or extended ‘therapy’ courses that include 2 instructors/carers to one child, that I would perfer that mainstream outdoor education maintain its funding.
Interestingly the teachers though I was right, but a reader from within the industry thought I was wrong. I have just read a great piece on UKC, that originated from rock and ice. It is a great and pertinent story, a case study if you like of one one kid, Lamount’s story of choices you make.
I find it interesting as a an Field Studies Council review of outdoor Outdoor Learning says that.
The evidence base for cognitive and physical/behavioural benefits is less strong than for affective and interpersonal/social outcomes.
Another study entitled, The Effectiveness of Wilderness Adventure Therapy Programs for Young People Involved in the Juvenile Justice System, that compared an outdoor education program to group home programmes, found no significant difference in recividism or in laymens terms they habitally relapse to crime.
I did find a good study that supports the notion that one program in the US had a significant effect on the reoffending of Juvenile Sex Offenders, interestingly though only for ‘serious sex offences’, when compared to other specailised programs and youth prisons. Regardless of this effect on treatment between 5 and 8 participants were rearrested for violent sex offences within three years.
Anyway I only made a quick search though take my findings with a pinch of salt. I have yet to find a good british study that looks at reoffending rates based on outdoor education programs versus standard youth offending prisons, that also takes into account the cost-benefit of such programs.
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Question: My 83-year-old mother took a serious fall in the street that landed her in the emergency ward, intensive care, the regular hospital and finally in rehabilitation. She is a fiercely independent, fabulous lady who walks 2 miles a day, takes classes at a university, drives, and goes to movies, the ballet, museums and more. I recently told her that she is doing too much. I think she fell because she was fatigued, even though I cautioned her that she needed to slow down. At what point do you take over for an older parent? I feel somewhat responsible for her fall.
There is a fine line between knowing when to “take over” for older parents and having them make decisions for themselves. There is no textbook that tells you when that time is right – if ever.
We know that falls can be traumatic and serious, particularly in the later years.
Jon Pynoos, co-director of the Fall Prevention Center of Excellence at USC’s Andrus Gerontology Center, notes that almost everyone has a family member who has experienced a fall, many of which are serious. He further comments that we all are just one fall away from an emergency room, surgery, or a nursing home.
Studies indicate that 30 percent to 50 percent of falls are preventable. They can be avoided by managing medications, maintaining physical activity such as strength and balancing exercises, and modifying the home and community.
However, if 30 percent to 50 percent of falls can be prevented, that means 50 percent to 70 percent cannot.
It sounds as though your mother is in very good shape, both physically and mentally. It’s quite possible that her fall was a freak accident, perhaps one that could not be prevented.
That is not to downplay the seriousness of falls.
According to the Fall Prevention Center, about 125,000 people over age 60 fall each year in Los Angeles. The impact is not only physical and emotional. Falls cost too. In 2004, about 11,000 people 60 and older who fell were hospitalized at a mean cost of $46,234 per person.
Even though risk factors for falling increase with age, it is not an inevitable part of aging. Here are some interesting national statistics among those 70 and older:
3 in 10 fall each year.
2 in 10 need home health care after being in the hospital.
1 in 10 suffers a serious injury, such as a broken bone or head injury. Falls cause 90 percent of broken hips; only half of those who suffer broken hips will get around as they did prior to the fall.
In the U.S., 16 percent of emergency room visits and almost 7 percent of all hospitalizations are for fall-related injuries.
A challenge is to communicate effectively to an older adult who is at risk for falling. B. Sue Black, associate professor of extension at West Virginia University, outlined some useful tips.
Use the “I” message to promote honest communication.
Here’s a good example: “Mom, because of your recent serious fall, I’m concerned about you safely living alone in that big house.” Here is an example to avoid: “You must move Mom; it isn’t safe for you to live alone in that big house.”
Avoid making irrevocable decisions. Keep the options open.
Consider saying something like, “This seems like the best option at the moment. Let’s see how it works for the next four weeks. At that time we both will reassess the situation.”
Avoid too much protection – even though it comes from love. To protect and even over-protect is natural. However, protection typically is the last thing older adults want.
Don’t force your values on your parents. What you might think is best or detrimental for your older parents is not always the case.
Get rid of the “shoulds” or guilt. They are not good guides for decision-making and can reduce an objective analysis of options.
Consider the feelings, desires and needs of everyone.
For more information, go to www.stopfalls.org.
S.R.C., feeling responsible for an accident is a difficult belief to shake. Perhaps the best you can do is to evaluate the next steps to minimize risks of falling: Encourage your mother to maintain strength-building and balance exercises, assess and modify the home environment as needed and review medications. And use some of those communication tips.
Thank you for your good question and best wishes for your mother’s full recovery, safety, independence and happiness.
Helen Dennis is a specialist in aging, with academic, corporate and nonprofit experience. Send her your questions and concerns in care of the Daily Breeze, 21250 Hawthorne Blvd., Torrance, CA 90503, or e-mail to email@example.com.
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This tutorial explains how to show Cortana search box on top when searching in Windows 10. By default when searching for some app or software in Windows 10 using Cortana search box in Taskbar, the Search Box remains at the bottom only. However, you can add a Registry tweak that will show Cortana search box during the searching on the top. It is quite similar to like we search in the address bar of some web browser.
The screenshot below shows two different cases. In the first case, Cortana search box is visible on the bottom and later it is visible on the top.
Let’s see how you can show Cortana search box on top in Windows 10.
How To Show Cortana Search Box On Top When Searching In Windows 10?
Step 1: Find the “Flighting” key available in the Registry editor. It is located at: HKEY_CURRENT_USER → SOFTWARE → Microsoft → Windows → CurrentVersion → Search → Flighting.
Step 2: Flighting key contains 2 DWORD values: Current and RotateFlight. Make sure both DWORD values have ‘0’ in their Value data. If not, then double-click on these values one by one and enter ‘0’ in their Value data fields.
Step 3: Under Flighting key, there are two sub keys: 0 and 1. You need to expand ‘1’ key. After that, you will find SearchBoxOnTop key. This key has a “Value” named DWORD value. Change its value data to ‘0’.
That’s it! Now type some text in the Search box of Cortana. You will notice that Search Box is visible on the top.
Now whenever you search for something using Cortana search box, the box will appear on the top. You can also undo changes anytime. All you have to do is set the value data of RotateFlight key and Value key back to 1.
Changing the position of Cortana search box can be helpful for those who find it more comfortable to use search box from the top rather than the bottom. Just use all these steps and you will be able to easily change the position of search box of Cortana.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.ilovefreesoftware.com/12/windows-10/show-cortana-search-box-top-searching-windows-10.html
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Leadership Killer Identified
Leadership Killer Identified
Why do good leaders turn bad? WPLC offers a free summary of The Leader Killer which identifies the two main reasons
As someone who is involved in employee development, I am often responsible for identifying those employees who have leadership potential and might be able to lead the organisation into a successful future.
It’s an important responsibility, the organisation that can survive without leadership has yet to be created.
What is surprising is the number of organisations of all types that seem to survive with poor leaders.
It’s not the lack of ability to create a vision for the future of the organisation, or the ability to communicate that vision in a way that people can engage with that these poor leaders lack, they can be more than proficient at both.
The problem is that they take advantage of way in which people perceive leaders.
Leaders are special people, that is why we put so much effort into identifying people with leadership potential and why we invest so much in fine-tuning that potential.
When you identify someone as a potential leader you are telling them and other people that they are special.
The people that they are expected to lead change their expectations of them. In some ways higher levels of skills, knowledge and behaviour are expected, but at the same time leaders are also ‘allowed’ to get away with behaviour that would not be acceptable from members of our peer group.
This can include being allowed to work their own hours, even when it inconveniences other people, larger, often private work spaces and access to elite activities.
Over the last few years the media have uncovered behaviour by leaders that whilst being accepted by their subordinates has given rise to the #MeToo hashtag as people outside the organisations they lead have said that behaviour is unacceptable.
#MeToo creates two questions for employee development professionals
- How can we prevent leaders taking advantage of their role?
- How can we empower people to stand-up to leaders who take advantage of their role?
The first of these questions is answered by Bill Treasurer and John R. Havlik in their book, The Leadership Killer: Reclaiming Humility in an Age of Arrogance, which is this week’s free book summary.
Treasurer was Accenture’s first full-time executive coach, teaching its top people how to be better leaders. Havlik a former US Navy SEAL, headed the redeployment of US Special Forces in 2011 during the Iraq War.
The Leadership Killer explores through the military and civilian experience of two men what makes people with leadership potential turn bad.
Through numerous wise insights and important precautions, the book acts as preparation for leadership during a time when expectations of work and leadership are changing.
The actionable strategies will help existing and potential leaders become, and more importantly, staying, more effective, confident and perhaps most importantly humble leaders.
The book summary will explain:
- What hubris is?
- How to understand and avoid its worst effects; and
- The 10 “essential” tips for being a good leader.
Download your free summary of The Leadership Killer here
Members of the Work Place Learning Centre team are available to provide journalists and media organisations with expert comment on all aspects of learning at work.
View our editorial policy click here.
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https://workplacelearningcentre.co.uk/news/item/id/347
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Asthma severity and control can be measured both subjectively and objectively. Traditionally asthma treatments have been individualised using symptoms and spirometry/peak flow. Increasingly treatment tailored in accordance with inflammatory markers (sputum eosinophil counts or fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) data) is advocated as an alternative strategy. The objective of this review was to evaluate the efficacy of tailoring asthma interventions based on inflammatory markers (sputum analysis and FeNO) in comparison with clinical symptoms (with or without spirometry/peak flow) for asthma-related outcomes in children and adults. Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register of Trials, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE and reference lists of articles were searched. The last searches were in February 2009. All randomised controlled comparisons of adjustment of asthma treatment based on sputum analysis or FeNO compared with traditional methods (primarily clinical symptoms and spirometry/peak flow) were selected. Results of searches were reviewed against predetermined criteria for inclusion. Relevant studies were selected, assessed and data extracted independently by at least two people. The trial authors were contacted for further information. Data were analysed as 'intervention received' and sensitivity analyses performed. Six (2 adults and 4 children/adolescent) studies utilising FeNO and three adult studies utilising sputum eosinophils were included. These studies had a degree of clinical heterogeneity including definition of asthma exacerbations, duration of study and variations in cut-off levels for percentage of sputum eosinophils and FeNO to alter management in each study. Adults who had treatment adjusted according to sputum eosinophils had a reduced number of exacerbations compared with the control group (52 vs 77 patients with ?1 exacerbation in the study period; p=0.0006). There was no significant difference in exacerbations between groups for FeNO compared with controls. The daily dose of inhaled corticosteroids at the end of the study was decreased in adults whose treatment was based on FeNO in comparison with the control group (mean difference -450.03 ?g, 95% CI -676.73 to -223.34; p<0.0001). However, children who had treatment adjusted according to FeNO had an increase in their mean daily dose of inhaled corticosteroids (mean difference 140.18 ?g, 95% CI 28.94 to 251.42; p=0.014). It was concluded that tailoring of asthma treatment based on sputum eosinophils is effective in decreasing asthma exacerbations. However, tailoring of asthma treatment based on FeNO levels has not been shown to be effective in improving asthma outcomes in children and adults. At present, there is insufficient justification to advocate the routine use of either sputum analysis (due to technical expertise required) or FeNO in everyday clinical practice.
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Technical Help for Brain in Hand Users
On this page, Brain in Hand users can find helpful information including technical specifications, troubleshooting help, and answers to common questions about how to use the system.
Brain in Hand currently supports the following mobile operating systems for use with the BiH mobile software:
- iOS 14.0 and later (BiH can be used on an iPhone, iPad, or iPod Touch running a suitable operating system)
- Android 5.1 and later
This information will change over time. We will update this page whenever there is a change, but you can also make sure of the latest supported version by clicking on one of the following links and scrolling down to the 'information' section near the bottom.
To find out what operating system and version you currently have on your phone or tablet, first go to your settings.
- On an iPhone or iPad, go to 'General', then 'About'.
- On an Android phone or tablet, go to 'System', then 'About Phone' or 'About Device'.
We recommend using an up-to-date version of the following browsers to log in to your Brain in Hand web software:
- Chrome (version 62 or later)
- Edge Chromium
- Safari (version 10 or later)
These browsers will provide the best experience. You will receive a warning if you attempt to log in using an earlier version of any of the browsers above (or a Firefox version below 57).
While other browsers and earlier versions may work, for the best experience we recommend upgrading to one of the three browsers specified above.
To find out what version of your web browser you are currently using:
- In Chrome, go to 'File', or the three dots in the top right of the screen, then 'About Chrome'.
- In Edge, select 'Settings and more' at the top of the window. Click 'Settings', scroll down, and click 'About Microsoft Edge'.
- In Safari, click the Safari item in the top menu bar (next to the Apple logo), then click 'About Safari'.
- In Firefox, click the Firefox menu and select 'About Firefox'.
- In Internet Explorer, click the 'Tools' menu in the menu bar, or the cog icon near the top right corner, then 'About Internet Explorer'.
Frequently Asked Questions and Troubleshooting
1. Why can't I log in?
Try checking each of these things:
- Make extra sure that you've typed your email address or username correctly. Very carefully enter your password again (you could select the eye symbol to check that you've typed it correctly, but make sure nobody is looking over your shoulder if you do this). Then try logging in again.
- If you can't remember your password, you can click on 'Problems logging in?' to reset it.
- If you've receive an email or text to tell you that you've been locked out of your account, follow the instructions in the email to reset your password.
- If you still can't get in to your account, please contact us by calling 01392 247 909 or emailing email@example.com.
2. Why am I not receiving event reminders?
If you are receiving reminders to press on your traffic lights, but are not receiving reminders for your diary events, please check your diary page on your Brain in Hand website.
Make sure that if you are expecting to get a reminder for an event, that event has been set up correctly to send you a reminder.
If you are receiving neither reminders for your diary events nor reminders to press on your traffic lights, please see question 4 below.
3. Why am I not receiving traffic light reminders?
Try checking that the traffic light reminders are turned on, and that the start and end times are as you would like them. You could try moving the start and end times further apart to give the reminders a longer period in which to send.
You can do this by going to the 'Settings' page in your Brain in Hand mobile software, which you will see as a cog icon.
- Confirm that, if you are on an Android device, the checkbox next to 'Traffic Light Reminders' is ticked. If you are on an iPhone, confirm that the toggle next to 'Reminders' is in the 'on' position (it should appear green when enabled).
- Check that your interval preference is set to the period you would like (for example, every hour or every two hours). Note that you can pick an option ending 'with reminders' to receive an extra reminder half an hour later, if you haven't yet responded to the original notification.
- Check that the start time and end time are as you would like them.
4. I'm not receiving either traffic light reminders or diary event reminders.
This could be because your phone's settings are preventing Brain in Hand from sending notifications. It might be that Brain in Hand hasn't been given permission to send notifications, or your battery settings may be preventing it from running all its functions.
If you have an iPhone:
- Go to your phone's settings, then select 'Notifications'.
- To choose when you want notification previews to appear, tap 'Show Previews', then select an option: either 'Always' or 'When Unlocked'. (This will be your default setting, but you can override it for individual apps to suit your preferences.)
- Go back to the notifications menu and find 'braininhand' in the list. Then turn 'Allow Notifications' on.
- You can choose how and where you want your Brain in Hand notifications to appear. For example, you could set them to appear on your lock screen, in your Notification Centre, and/or as banners.
To check notification and battery settings on an Android phone:
- Press and hold on the Brain in Hand app icon until the menu pops up.
- Press 'App Info', then 'Notifications'.
- Make sure that notifications are turned on.
- Go back to 'App Info', then select 'Advanced'.
- Select 'Battery'.
- Check the battery saving settings for Brain in Hand (this will not affect any of your other apps):
- Ensure that under 'Background Restriction', it says 'App can use battery in the background'. If it says 'Restricted', press this and select 'Remove'.
- Ensure that under 'Battery Optimisation, it says 'Not Optimised'. If it says anything else, press this, then on the next screen press the dropdown saying 'Not Optimised'. Change this setting to 'All Apps', find Brain in Hand in the list and press on it, then select 'Don't Optimise'. Finally, press 'Done'.
Your settings may be slightly different on a phone made by Huawei or Honor. If you have one of these phones, try following these steps:
- Go to 'Settings', then 'Apps and Notifications'.
- Press 'Apps'.
- Press the settings cog at the bottom and go to 'Special Access'.
- Tap on 'Ignore battery optimisation'.
- At the top, press 'All Apps', then 'Allowed'.
- On the dropdown menu that appears, select 'Brain in Hand' from the list.
- Press 'Allow' and then 'OK'.
If you've tried all of the above steps and are still not receiving notifications, you could try reinstalling the app. To do this, simply delete it from your phone, then visit the App Store or Play Store on your phone, search for 'Brain in Hand', and download it again.
Make sure that you select the option to 'Allow Notifications' when Brain in Hand is reinstalling.
If you have a OnePlus phone and the above suggestions haven’t worked, you can try following these steps to turns off battery optimisation, which may be restricting the notifications you receive.
- Go to ‘Settings’, then ‘Battery’, ‘Battery optimization’.
- Tap on the 3-dots button in the top right.
- Next go to ‘Advanced optimization’, then toggle-off ‘Deep optimization’ and toggle-off ‘Sleep standby optimization’.
You can also find the Brain in Hand app on your OnePlus phone and check that it isn’t being optimised by doing the following:
- Go to ‘Settings’, then ‘Battery’, then ‘Battery optimization.
- Select ‘All Apps’ from the top menu bar.
- Find and tap on the Brain in Hand app icon (BiH), then tap ‘Don’t optimize’.
Finally, you can make sure that you don’t have battery saver mode switched on as this blocks apps from running in the background and sending notifications:
- Go into ‘Settings’, then ‘Battery’.
- Tap ‘Battery Saver’ and make sure it’s turned off.
5. What accessibility features are available for Brain in Hand on my phone?
The following features are compatible with the Brain in Hand mobile software.
For Android devices:
- Text-to-Speech for screen reading. This allows you to select text and have your phone read it out loud for you. Go to 'Settings', then to 'Accessibility', and tap on 'Select to Speak'.
- Adjustable font size. This will not increase the text size of items in your diary, but does affect the size of headers. Go to 'Settings', 'Accessibility', then 'Font Size'.
For iOS devices, the following features can be found in your 'Settings' menu under 'Accessibility':
- VoiceOver, Apple's built-in screen reader
- Zoom, a feature that magnifies the whole screen
- Invert Colours, to swap between a black background with white text and vice versa
- Dark Mode, which makes the screen darker and may be more comfortable to look at
- Colour Filters, which allow you to change the colour of your background.
Brain in Hand does not currently support the iOS Text Size Magnification feature.
6. Does Brain in Hand work on tablets?
The Brain in Hand app is compatible with Android tablets running version 5.1 or higher, and iPads and iPod Touches on iOS version 10.3 or higher.
7. Does Brain in Hand work on smartwatches?
Although Brain in Hand isn't designed specifically for smartwatches, most Android and iOS smartwatches will prompt you with event notifications and mood reminders if your main device is set up to allow notifications.
8. Is Brain in Hand compatible with Siri, Alexa, Google Assistant, and other smart assistants?
We don't currently support the use of Brain in Hand with smart assistants.
9. Can I use my Brain in Hand mobile app overseas?
You can use Brain in Hand while overseas. However, you will need to update the time zone on your phone in order to see the correct time on your timeline and to get diary notifications at the correct time for your time zone. Mobile phones will often automatically update their time zone when you travel, but this can also be done manually.
You can use your UK-based Response Service when pressing the red traffic light, or 3 amber traffic lights in a row, but there will be additional data charges. You could temporarily change your preferred contact method to ‘email’ on your profile settings to receive email support instead.
It’s worth remembering that the syncing of Brain in Hand from the mobile app to the web app requires an active internet connection, which means that roaming data charges for your mobile usually apply when you are abroad and aren’t on a Wi-Fi connection. You may want to consider disabling data on your mobile and only using Wi-Fi.
If you swap your UK SIM card for a local SIM card in order to use a local number, you will still be able to use the mobile and web app for diary events and to keep a record of your mood reminders, but you won’t receive any text messages or phone calls.
In order to download Brain in Hand from the Google Play Store or the Apple App Store, your Google Play country or your Apple ID Country need to be either the UK or Canada.
10. Does Brain in Hand support different languages?
Brain in Hand supports special character inputs for many different alphabets and diacritics. This means you will be able to write your events, problems and solutions within the web app in all common alphabets, and you will be able to access these from your Brain in Hand mobile app. However, the built-in headings within both the web app and the mobile app are currently only in English.
11. Does Brain in Hand support the use of emojis/emoticons?
There are a few ways of adding emojis to your Brain in Hand diary events, problems, solutions, or activities.
- On a Mac, you can press the 'control', 'command', and 'space' buttons (press all three at once) to bring up the emoji menu.
- On Windows computers, holding down the 'Windows logo' key (it looks like a slightly skewed square made of four smaller squares) and the 'full stop' key will bring up the emoji keyboard.
- If accessing your website through a mobile phone browser, you can add emojis directly from your mobile keyboard.
Alternatively, you can find emoji keyboards online from which you can copy and paste into Brain in Hand.
Need more help?
If the above suggestions haven't helped you to resolve your problem, or if you're still having any difficulties, please contact us for further support.
You can call 01392 247 909, email firstname.lastname@example.org, or use the contact form just below.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.braininhand.co.uk/user-troubleshooting-and-technical-info/
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E-Tone® – Self Study Interactive Newspaper (Monthly/Yearly Subscription)
Ulpan-Or’s online Hebrew newspaper, E-Tone®, is an innovative, interactive news digest published on a weekly basis to aid with the studying of Hebrew words and phrases in general, and with accessing the Israeli media in particular. The main objective is to help E-Tone® subscribers significantly improve their Hebrew in a short time, and eventually be able to access regular Israeli written and broadcast media. The weekly online Hebrew newspaper E-Tone® includes the latest news items broadcast by the Israeli media in Hebrew. E-Tone® comes in three levels: Low-Intermediate, High-Intermediate, and Advanced.
Each item in the E-Tone® is processed using Ulpan-Or’s unique iHebrew® learning methodology, and the items are presented in audio and video clips, including accompanying texts that highlight specific vocabulary. A full English translation of each item is provided to help subscribers expand their vocabulary and practise Hebrew sentence and grammatical structure. E-Tone® items address current events in Israel and around the world, delivering fresh, up-to-date, relevant news in modern Hebrew.
- Each E-Tone® edition usually includes four short items.
- Item #1 is usually related to the latest important developments in Israel
- Item #2 is usually related to the latest important developments around the world
- Item #3 usually covers culture, science, sports and other interesting subjects from around the world
- Item #4 usually consists of an interesting Israeli advertisement, which helps students understand local culture, slang, while having fun watching the item.
In addition, questions and drill are included to further enhance the learning process.
In addition to a new weekly edition, students get access to four previous issues.
- Watch, listen and read news from Israel in Hebrew at your level from the very first day
- Advance in your Hebrew while staying up to date with current affairs
- Improve your comprehension and reading skills to a new level*
- Learn Hebrew in the comfort of your home/office
- Elevate your understanding of authentic Israeli media
- Learn at your own pace
* Based on a student’s commitment and effort to learn
** E-Tone® goes on vacation 4 times a year: during High Holidays, once in the spring, once in the summer and once during winter.
|
<urn:uuid:888b7e9d-c08f-4ab5-a0d2-d1001309d97f>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.ulpanor.com/self-study/e-tone/
|
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|
en
| 0.931785
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There’s a devastating shortage of men who have their act together, according to a new study that may not be so surprising to all the single ladies out there.
Research now suggests that the reason for recent years’ decline in the marriage rate could have something to do with the lack of “economically attractive” male spouses who can bring home the bacon, according to the paper published Wednesday in the Journal of Family and Marriage.
“Most American women hope to marry, but current shortages of marriageable men — men with a stable job and a good income — make this increasingly difficult,” says lead author Daniel Lichter in a press release.
Lichter adds that unless your dream man is an Uber driver, the dearth of would-be grooms is prominent “in the current ‘gig economy’ of unstable, low-paying service jobs.”
To investigate the man drought, researchers created profiles of potential husbands, based on real husbands as logged in American Community Survey data. They then compared these hypothetical spouses with actual unmarried men.
They found that a woman’s made-up hubby makes 58 percent more money than the current lineup of eligible bachelors.
“This study reveals large deficits in the supply of potential male spouses,” the study concludes.
“Many young men today have little to bring to the marriage bargain, especially as young women’s educational levels on average now exceed their male suitors’,” Lichter says.
Some ladies are even starting to date down in order to score a forever partner.
And sure, there’s the whole “love” factor in a marriage. But, in the end, “it also is fundamentally an economic transaction,” says Lichter.
Credit: Source link
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Is your Outlook Not Syncing With Gmail? No worries. You have reached the right place to resolve the problem. The Gmail and Outlook sync issues might happen if the account is not configured as IMAP or because of the recently installed Windows update. We have given a few troubleshooting steps that may help you fix the Outlook and Gmail sync issues. Continue reading them and execute the same to fix the issue in a matter of minutes. You can also reach our technical experts to sort out this problem hassle-free.
The Forwarding and POP/IMAP option for your Gmail account should be disabled to access your account from less secure apps. This section describes how to turn off this option.
If your Outlook Not Syncing With Gmail even after implementing these troubleshooting steps, then it's time to remove and re-configure your account from scratch. For assistance in setting up your account, reach us through the call option given on this page.
In order to prevent third parties from reading your mail content, email encryption is done, which is basically digitizing the information within.
There are not many ways to prevent spam from piling up in your Inbox. Here’s how you can filter out most of them.
AT&T Email error 0x800CCC0F occurs when mails are not being sent or received through AT&T services. Due to the technical glitches causing it, many email functions are disabled. The computer’s Operating System might get frozen.
Open the Gmail app.Select the inbox tab you want to delete.You’ll find the Empty Box button over the Compose button.
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Bush lawyer vines have curved hooks on their stems and leaves, which help them climb up trees and over shrubs. They are the only prickly plants in New Zealand forests, but are fairly common, especially Rubus cissoides, shown here. Walkers are often scratched by their dangling stems.
Te whakamahi i tēnei tūemi
Photograph by Jeremy Rolfe
This item has been provided for private study purposes (such as school projects, family and local history research) and any published reproduction (print or electronic) may infringe copyright law. It is the responsibility of the user of any material to obtain clearance from the copyright holder.
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Chris Ouwerkerk, a rescue driver for the Michigan Humane Society, saved the lives of a puppy and a kitty after the two pets were abandoned in a Detroit home.
Last November, Ouwerkerk responded to a call about an abandoned puppy. When the rescuer arrived at the location, he found the dog taking cover from the cold rain in between a garbage and a recycling can.
“I noticed in front of the abandoned home there was a garbage can and like a recycling can, and there was a puppy sitting in between them,” said Ouwerkerk. “As soon as I stopped and got out of the van the puppy got up and looked over at me. I was like ‘come here puppy,’ and she ran over. She was just happy and friendly. I picked her up and when I picked her up I heard a really loud meow that was from a kitten. I started to look and there was a kitten in between the garbage can and the recycling can also.”
Ouwerkerk couldn’t leave the kitty behind, so he too was rescued.
The pets, named Camarin and Tomas and were taken to the Humane Society were they both received treatment.
Ouwerkerk recognized that Camarin and Tomas had built a strong bond while surviving life on the streets and therefore he transported them in a crate together.
Both animals have since been adopted.
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The Madras High Court has said that a woman’s in-laws cannot escape punishment for dowry death if they influence their son to get dowry, even if they live separately from their son and the victim.
What is dowry?
Dowry is any marriage-related property or valuable legal document which someone gives to the other party of the marriage. A person can give dowry before, during or after the marriage. Dowry does not include marriage presents which people voluntarily give to the bride or bridegroom.
Is giving or taking dowry illegal?
Yes. Anyone who gives or takes dowry is punishable with jail time for at least five years. However, the court can punish the person with less than five years of jail time after giving appropriate and special reasons in the judgement. The person also needs to pay a fine of at least Rupees fifteen thousand or the dowry value, whichever is more.
The punishment for demanding dowry from the parents or other relatives of a bride or bridegroom is jail time for six months to two years, and a fine up to Rupees ten thousand. However, the court can punish the person with less than six months of jail time after giving appropriate and special reasons in the judgement.
What is dowry death?
When a woman dies within seven years of her marriage due to burns, bodily injury, or other unusual circumstances, it is considered dowry death if soon before her death her husband or his relatives subjected her to dowry-related cruelty or harassment. In a dowry death case, the law assumes that the husband or relatives caused the woman’s death.
What is the punishment for dowry death?
The punishment for committing dowry death is jail time for at least seven years, which may extend to life imprisonment.
Is dowry harassment seen as cruelty towards the woman?
Yes. Cruelty means:
- Any deliberate behaviour which might push a woman to commit suicide or cause serious mental or physical injury to her life or health.
- Harassing a woman to force her or her relatives to fulfill an unlawful demand for dowry.
A husband or his relatives committing cruelty are punishable with jail time for up to three years and a fine. A woman facing cruelty can also file for a divorce from her husband.
To know more about your rights against dowry harassment, read our explainer.
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Get a website created is an easy job, but to get business out of it is a tough take. Not all websites are successful, and that exactly is the reason why people are still reluctant on investing in an Online business. Though projects and purpose play a major role in Online marketing, it is absolutely necessary to have an excellent website design which is planned and created by professionals in order to ensure that the business is moving smooth.
Website development is a term that encompasses all aspects involved in creating a website. Website development includes everything from design to coding, website applications, and content management.
A good web development company is essential to ensure your website has a winning edge. You need to be careful when searching for a web development company. The most important is the company's credibility. You can see which clients they have served and how popular they are on the Internet.
Learn about their websites and the services they offer. These websites and applications are available for you to view. These will give you an idea of how technical sound the company is and will help you choose designs and applications to use on your website. You can find more ideas and applications by surfing the Internet and browsing through other websites.
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Efforts underway to understand extreme rainfall
More rainfall can be expected in certain parts of the country over the next three months, says the Climate and Oceans Support Program Pacific Technical Lead.
August 17, 2022 6:30 am
Funding needed for climate adaptation
Buretu village in Nakelo, Tailevu has invested thousands of dollars to redesign, rehabilitate and reclaim the village.
August 12, 2022 12:00 pm
Tewaka plants mangroves to offset carbon emissions
To offset their carbon emissions, the staff of Tewaka, a Fijian-owned tourism transport destination management, planted 800 mangrove seedlings at the Natabua foreshore in Lautoka yesterday.
August 11, 2022 12:20 pm
Over $1m invested in biodiversity and waste management program
The European Union has invested more than one million dollars to assist Fiji in sustainably managing its natural resources and biodiversity.
August 11, 2022 12:10 pm
Financial support remains a challenge
Financial support remains the biggest challenge facing Pacific Island countries in addressing climate change.
August 8, 2022 9:50 am
Climate Changes poses long-term threats
Climate change and rising sea levels pose long-term threats to Fiji’s low-lying islands, says the Asian Development Bank in its latest Pacific Economic Monitor.
August 5, 2022 2:30 pm
Climate change remains grave Pacific challenge: PM
Security consequences arising from climate change will remain among the gravest challenges facing the Pacific region.
August 4, 2022 4:30 pm
Please keep climate change a priority: Khan
Climate change needs to remain at the top of the agenda for all political leaders in the Pacific region.
August 4, 2022 5:30 am
Pacific needs to continue the climate change fight: Nasalo
Salote Nasalo, University of the South Pacific’s climate change student, is urging Fiji and the Pacific to continue to fight climate change to ensure that our children will not choose to just live anywhere in the world but in our homeland.
July 29, 2022 6:00 am
Buretu villagers adapt to climate change
Buretu villagers in Tailevu have introduced new climate change adaptation activities, as the village continues to battle rising tides and flooding.
July 28, 2022 12:30 pm
COP President witness the impact of climate change
COP26 President Alok Sharma witnessed firsthand the implications of climate change and rising tides in Fiji after visiting Buretu Village in Tailevu yesterday.
July 28, 2022 5:50 am
Pacific forced to deal with consequences of climate change: Sharma
The Pacific is forced to deal with the consequences of greenhouse gas emissions generated largely by emerging countries that are a long way from the region.
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What are Benzodiazepines?
Benzodiazepines are sedative hypnotic depressants which are only legally available through a prescription. These are commonly prescribed in the U.S. to help treat generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorders, insomnia, and other mood disorders.
In addition to treating these conditions, benzodiazepine use may also occur in monitored medical settings to treat cerebral palsy, ease severe muscle spasms, reduce certain withdrawal symptoms, and decrease stress and anxiety in patients anticipating invasive surgeries.
However, even with these medical uses, according to the Drug Enforcement Administration, benzodiazepines are also highly controlled Schedule IV substances. This is because they are very addictive, and can cause users to develop a physical dependence to them over time.
Immediate Placement in Benzodiazepine Rehab
How Can Benzodiazepines Help Treat Anxiety Disorders?
Benzodiazepines work by directly affecting the central nervous system, through stimulating the Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter — a chemical in the brain that produces feelings of calmness and sedation.
This is what makes benzodiazepine use so effective in treating anxiety disorders. This interaction can also cause drowsiness, making it easier for individuals with sleep disorders, such as insomnia, to fall and stay asleep more easily.
The effects of benzodiazepines have also been found to be helpful in treating other mental health conditions, such as panic disorders. However, its sedating and calming influence has also made it an appealing drug for those without medical need for it to abuse.
Using a benzodiazepine in higher doses or for longer than advised or needed will eventually build up a tolerance to this drug. Over time, this increased usage will lead to a person’s development of a physical and psychological dependence on this drug.
The Different Forms and Methods of Using Benzodiazepines
There are two main types of benzodiazepines that may be prescribed for treating individuals who are struggling with certain mental or mood disorders. These include short-acting, and longer-acting benzodiazepines.
Short-acting benzos are more commonly used for treating insomnia, as these have a brief half-life and will exit the body more quickly than long-acting benzos. This means they will also wear off faster, making them a less effective remedy for daytime anxiety or other mood effects.
Long-acting benzos have, as suggested by the name, longer half-lives. This means they are a more effective way to treat someone with an anxiety disorder, as they take longer to leave a person’s system, providing a calming effect throughout the majority of a person’s day.
There are also illicitly-produced benzodiazepines, which work similarly to pharmaceutical benzos, decreasing the activity of the brain’s nerve impulses and slowing down functionality within this organ.
Illicit benzos are generally more dangerous than prescriptions because they are often laced with or used in conjunction with other commonly abused drugs, such as synthetic opioids; drugs that are extremely powerful, addictive, and dangerous when misused.
When it comes to the methods of benzodiazepine use, there are several ways in which an individual may administer this drug. In medical settings, most benzodiazepines are taken orally in a pill or capsule form. Valium is one exception that may be administered intravenously.
On the other hand, illegally-manufactured benzodiazepines, or the misuse of prescribed benzos, may be carried out through various other methods of administration; these, of which, may be far more dangerous and habit-forming in nature.
The Most Common Method of Benzodiazepine Abuse
For those who are abusing benzodiazepines, these individuals most commonly do this by orally taking higher doses, or crushing benzo pills and snorting the powder that is produced. This can cause a faster and more intense high; however, it also greatly raises a person’s overdose risk.
Some individuals may also use powdered or liquid forms of this drug by dissolving it into a liquid base and drinking or injecting it. While this method is less common with benzo abuse, it may be more prevalent amongst users who are mixing this drug with other substances, such as alcohol.
24 Hour Benzo Rehab Hotline
Understanding Benzodiazepine Addiction
It is important to remember that, with any substance addiction, it is rarely ever the case that an addicted individual becomes hooked with the intention of doing so. Rather, many people turn to substance abuse as a coping mechanism for the daily stress and emotional burdens of life.
According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, it is quite common for those struggling with a substance use disorder to be simultaneously struggling with a mental health disorder, as well.
Referred to as co-occurring disorders, or dual diagnosis, individuals with these conditions typically form a physical dependence on a substance after using it to self-medicate. Of course, there is no guarantee a high produced by these substances will help ease difficult emotions.
Even in the rare case that their substance abuse works as intended, this relief is only a temporary solution and, unfortunately, one that may only worsen and lead to the development of additional mental issues in the long term (amongst other negative consequences).
When it comes to benzo addiction, those struggling with this condition likely began taking this drug to help manage a specific mental health disorder. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of the benzodiazepines may have caused them to begin using outside of their prescription guidelines.
Furthermore, many people have ended up developing a benzodiazepine dependence without even realizing it. In these cases, they were unaware of their addiction until they stopped using benzodiazepine, and subsequently began experiencing withdrawal symptoms.
Because of how easy it is to develop an addiction to this substance, it is strongly recommended to always use benzos exactly as prescribed. Even if an individual feels their prescribed benzo is not helping, taking larger doses or using more frequently than guided poses a risk for addiction.
Furthermore, for those with a personal or family history of substance abuse, it may be helpful to look into other medications that are less habit-forming. While this history does not guarantee they will form an addiction, it is certainly better to avoid the possibility entirely.
Rising Rate of Prescription Drug Addiction in the U.S.
Prescription drug abuse is becoming an increasingly prevalent issue within the United States, as reflected by the increasing severity of the opioid epidemic currently wracking the nation. Unfortunately, benzodiazepines have become a key player in these cases of substance abuse.
According to a 2020 survey conducted by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, around 16.1 million people ages 12 and over reported misusing prescription drugs that year. Of these individuals, 4.8 million reported having misused their prescribed benzodiazepines.
These cases have only become more concerning over the years, as benzos are beginning to be more commonly combined with other drugs; in particular, opioids. These are particularly dangerous drugs, serving as the leading contributor to overdose deaths across the nation.
When combined, benzos and opioids can quickly become lethal. These drugs both act as sedatives and, when taken together, may suppress a person’s breathing. A prolonged lack of oxygen can lead to significant and potentially irreversible cognitive impairment, and even death.
It is rare that an individual will ever be given both an opioid and a benzodiazepine as simultaneous prescription medications. In the event that they are, the doses and duration for which they will be taken will likely be highly regulated, and only for a short period of time.
What are the Most Commonly Abused Benzodiazepines?
Whether short or long-acting, there are over a dozen benzodiazepines available through prescription today. Despite their potential for addiction, they are still widely medically used. Some of the most commonly prescribed (and commonly abused) benzodiazepines include:
- Diazepam (Valium)
- Alprazolam (Xanax)
- Clonazepam (Klonopin)
Generally, due to their addictive qualities and potential for abuse, doctors suggest using benzodiazepines for less than four weeks at a time, even if there is a continuing medical need for them. Some benzos may be prescribed for even shorter periods of time than this.
Furthermore, in addition to the many available benzodiazepine prescriptions, there are also thousands of illicit versions available. These may each serve a different purpose, come with varying side effects, cost more or less than another, and present different degrees of risk.
Another large risk factor both for addiction and experiencing unpleasant side effects from drug misuse is the mixing of benzodiazepines with other substances, such as opioids and alcohol. These combinations can cause severe physical or psychological damage, overdose, and death.
Prescription Drug Medical Help – Call 24/7
Recognizing the Signs of Benzodiazepine Abuse
Recognizing that you or a loved one may be struggling with addiction can be an incredibly difficult thing to do; but it is necessary. After all, accepting that there is a problem is the first and most important step to being able to do something about it.
As presented by the American Psychiatric Association, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) lists several signs that may serve as an indication that someone is struggling with a benzodiazepine addiction, including:
- Being repeatedly unsuccessful when attempting to cut down on or completely stop using benzodiazepines.
- Continuing to use benzodiazepines despite this causing or worsening other mental or physical health conditions.
- Regularly taking benzodiazepines in higher doses or for longer periods of time than originally intended, or otherwise not being able to control benzo usage.
- Recurring inability to perform major work, school, or home responsibilities due to benzodiazepine use.
- Using benzodiazepines in situations that may be hazardous to oneself or the people around you, such as driving, operating heavy machinery, or otherwise.
- Continuing benzodiazepine use despite this potentially causing persistent problems with friends, family members, or other personal relationships.
- Developing a tolerance to benzodiazepines, often manifested through needing to use more often or in increasingly high doses in order to achieve a desired effect.
- Developing benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome when attempting to reduce or stop use of this drug.
- Spending large amounts of time and money obtaining, using, or recovering from the effects of benzo use.
- No longer participating in previously enjoyable or important occupational, social or recreational activities due to benzo use.
- Experiencing strong drug cravings, or an intense need to use, when not actively taking benzos.
Side Effects of Benzodiazepine Misuse and Abuse
Whether abusing shorter or longer-acting benzos, there are several unpleasant side effects that may occur when misusing this drug. These symptoms can become even more pronounced and dangerous when using benzos with other substances.
Generally, short-term benzo abuse can result in side effects such as:
- Grogginess or drowsiness
- Poor coordination and balance
- Increased risk of a fall or accident
- Impaired memory or confusion
- Vision problems
- Depressive episodes
Long-term abuse, such as that which occurs with a full-blown benzo addiction, may lead to more serious side effects, including heart attacks, strokes, psychosis and seizures. Chronic benzo abuse can also increase a person’s risk of serious or fatal overdoses.
When mixed with alcohol or other similar substances, overdose is even more likely, as well as additional side effects such as dementia, kidney damage, and liver damage.
Is it Possible to Overdose on Benzodiazepines?
As with most other substances, there is such a thing as taking too much of a benzodiazepine. This is particularly common amongst suicidal individuals who have been prescribed this medication, and elderly patients with diminished metabolic rates.
While death resulting from a benzodiazepine overdose on its own is rare, it is possible in cases where individuals with respiratory depression did not receive the right medical help. Furthermore, fatal overdose becomes more likely when mixing benzos with other substances.
Within the year of 2020 alone, an estimated 16% of overdose deaths resulting from opioids also involved benzodiazepines. This combination is particularly popular due to each substances’ ability to enhance the sedative effects of the other.
Unfortunately, this can easily cause the body to become too sedated, potentially ceasing to function altogether. This is particularly common in individuals unknowingly using opioids laced with benzos, as they have no way of measuring the amount of each drug they are taking.
Immediate Help For Benzodiazepine Addiction
Signs of Benzodiazepine Overdose
Someone who has taken too high a dose of a benzodiazepine may be at a significant risk of experiencing dangerous side effects, including death. Thus, knowing how to recognize the signs of a benzo overdose can be life-saving.
Some of the most common overdose symptoms associated with benzodiazepines include extreme sedation and unresponsiveness, diminished vital signs, and anterograde amnesia. Larger doses can result in coma and respiratory depression.
If you or a loved one is experiencing any of these symptoms, it is crucial that you immediately emergency medical assistance in order to prevent these from getting any worse, or causing irreversible damage.
Treatment Options for a Benzodiazepine Addiction
Overcoming a substance addiction alone is often extremely difficult, and can even feel impossible. Various factors may further complicate this process, such as simultaneous abuse of other substances, negative social and environmental factors, and co-occurring disorders.
It is for these reasons, as well as the intense withdrawal period of this drug, that it is strongly encouraged to seek out a professional treatment provider when attempting to overcome a benzodiazepine addiction.
For a drug with such highly addictive qualities and serious potential for abuse, various addiction treatment services may be beneficial. Inpatient care is one of the most widely recommended options. This method of care often begins with a medically-assisted and supervised detox.
Once these levels of care have been completed, individuals will likely be encouraged to seek out further treatment at outpatient treatment centers. These can help individuals find long-term recovery support and build better independent sober-living skills.
Going through the withdrawal process alone can be scary, uncomfortable or painful, and even dangerous in some cases. This is why, for many people, a medically supervised detox program is a critical part of their addiction treatment process.
This is particularly true for those experiencing benzodiazepine, opioid, or alcohol withdrawal symptoms, as these are the most likely to become lethal without professional support.
Furthermore, when combining benzos with other substances, particularly opioids or alcohol, withdrawal symptoms associated with each of these can be increased and further exacerbated.
These programs can help manage symptoms of withdrawal through gradually tapering individuals off of an abused substance in a controlled clinical environment. This process may also include the administration of addiction medicines to help prevent drug cravings.
Undergoing a supervised benzodiazepine detox process during drug rehab drastically increases a person’s chances of a successful recovery through eliminating relapse temptations and easing withdrawal symptoms.
Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Symptoms
There are several benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms that may occur when attempting to quit using this drug, the most common of which are called “rebound” symptoms. These can vary depending on a person’s type, method, amount, and frequency of benzo use.
For example, short-acting benzos will typically produce withdrawal symptoms faster than those that are long-acting, due to their shorter half-lives. Generally, however, these effects will develop within one to four days of someone’s last benzo dose, and may last for up to ten days.
Commonly experienced benzo withdrawal symptoms include:
- Sleep disturbances
- Increased tension
- Panic attacks
- Poor concentration
- Excessive sweating
- Heart palpitations
- Stiff muscles or muscular discomfort
- Mild to moderate visual changes
- Drug cravings
- Hand tremors
While less common, more severe and potentially lethal symptoms of withdrawal may occur as well, including hallucinations, seizures, psychosis, and increased suicidal ideations. This is why it is crucial to seek out professional addiction treatment rather than attempt to detox alone.
Once a recovering individual has completed an initial detox program, they will likely move onto the next step in their treatment process. For many, this will entail their participation in inpatient rehab programs.
This level of care will require individuals to live at a treatment facility throughout the duration of their recovery process. During this time, they will likely participate in a number of behavioral, mental health, and addiction treatment services, including:
- Clinical evaluations and support services.
- Medication-assisted treatment.
- Individual, group, and family therapy sessions.
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).
- Nutritional counseling.
- Vocial, social, and relapse prevention skill training programs.
- Recreational activities, such as yoga, swimming, or guided meditation sessions.
When recovering at an inpatient treatment center, individuals will have access to more intensive, round-the-clock recovery support and resources. They will also be able to focus solely on their treatment process, free from any outside distractions, temptations, or responsibilities.
Free Insurance Verification for Benzodiazepine Rehab
Individuals often choose to pursue further recovery support at an outpatient treatment facility after first completing more intensive programs. However, there are also those with unavoidable time or financial constraints who use this level of care as a stand-alone treatment option.
Outpatient treatment will usually involve participating in peer support groups and relapse prevention programs. These can help individuals build important social skills, as well as healthy coping mechanisms that can further support independent sober-living.
This may also include a person’s involvement in recovery support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Narcotics Anonymous (NA), or non-12 step alternative recovery programs.
Does Insurance Cover Substance Abuse Treatment?
Many people find themselves worried about how much it will cost to receive professional addiction treatment. Fortunately, most health insurance providers will cover a portion or even all of a person’s substance abuse treatment process.
Many addiction treatment centers, such as the Emerald Isle treatment facility, will accept most major insurance providers, including Medicare and Medicaid, Aetna, AmeriHealth, BlueCross/BlueShield, and Cigna.
If you do not see your provider on this list, please call our addiction specialists for a fast, easy, and free insurance verification. If your coverage falls short or you don’t have insurance, our treatment center offers payment options that can work with your financial situation.
The well-being and sobriety of each of our clients comes first; payments and all other details are secondary.
Emerald Isle: A Great Place to Recover From Addiction
With guidance and care, benzodiazepine addiction is beatable. At Emerald Isle, we pride ourselves on providing a warm, compassionate, and dedicated environment that is capable of meeting all of your personal care needs.
The experts at Emerald Isle are here for you from the first phone call, to continuous support after you have successfully recovered from whatever addiction you may be struggling with. We not only treat your addiction, but help you discover and treat the root of these habits, as well.
So call today, and let us remove the obstacles and boundaries that are standing between you and your recovery with a wide range of proven, creative, and holistic treatment methods. At Emerald Isle, we struggle together, we heal together, and we succeed together.
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Abcmouse Parent Reviews
When you show kids to read, it can be fairly the endeavor, especially if your youngster is a novice reader. One of the most crucial reasons you must instruct youngsters to read is because they have more potential to do well in life. Abcmouse Parent Reviews
Youngsters have various factors as to why they might not such as to read. Some simply do not know how to read, while others may have a learning disability. For others, there is just too much text and also they can not focus on it long enough to choose a sentence. It can additionally be that their eyes are simply not prepared for such an education and learning and they need some aid.
If you have any kind of inquiries concerning just how you ought to instruct kids to read, after that take into consideration working with a tutor to read to them. There are many different tutors out there that can instruct children to read, so take your time to locate the right tutor for your kid. You can use a local library, or perhaps take a look at a web site that uses tutoring services free of charge. Abcmouse Parent Reviews
You might want to consider working with a tutor that uses CDs with a range of different lessons that will help your youngster read promptly. A tutor may likewise request some kind of feedback from your child, which is constantly a good suggestion. This will certainly permit you to determine whether or not the tutor is paying attention meticulously and also is actually instructing the kid the lessons that he requires to understand in order to pass his tests.
As soon as you find the best tutor for your kid, after that you will require to provide him the appropriate materials as well as guidelines. While some tutors are able to make use of audio books to aid your youngster find out to read, others are not. Abcmouse Parent Reviews
You intend to ensure that your child is ready to read prior to introducing him to books. Reading to your kid at the exact same time as he is taking the tests will certainly also make the process easier. As he starts to understand the letters as well as words, he will certainly be a lot more open to trying them out. If he does not obtain it immediately, then give him a 2nd reading, or if necessary to send him to an additional tutor.
It may take a while to find a tutor that you can collaborate with conveniently, so you might need to go around a number of tutors before locating the one that is the ideal suitable for you. The very best method to discover a tutor is by asking your child's schoolmates or friends if they can advise any individual that they used or would suggest. Abcmouse Parent Reviews
Below are some reading programs that have actually assisted several children to discover just how to read.
ABC Mouse: Abcmouse Parent Reviews
ABC Mouse is an early discovering curriculum designed to teach kids with developing hold-ups and also impairments the ABC's (American alphabet, Arabic numbers, French letters, English letters and numerous others). Early Learning Academy, Inc. is an on-line learning system for kids as much as age 8, created by Age of Learning Inc. Clients have the ability to accessibility lessons on the web or via their mobile application. Abcmouse Parent Reviews
This academic curriculum makes use of basic, easy-to-understand ABC photos to show children skills that will help them construct language skills as they grow older. The program helps kids understand the concepts of checking, reading, creating and talking English.
ABC Mouse supplies various ways to learn the ABC's. As a parent, you can pick from numerous interactive components based on numerous age groups. These components can be conveniently downloaded and install onto your computer system and utilized with other instructional materials, including video clips, podcasts, video games, etc Abcmouse Parent Reviews
. There are also audio CDs that include lessons on exactly how to read, speak and spell the alphabet making use of the ABC's. Another option is a free on the internet quiz that can be completed with a minimum of 30 concerns to examine your youngster's expertise.
To encourage better reading, an enjoyable game is supplied in the ABC Mouse software. As you complete each degree of the video game, your child will get a skill score. The higher ball game, the less complicated it will be for them to comprehend the next degree of the game. Abcmouse Parent Reviews
Moms and dads who are intending to register their child in this curriculum need to ensure that they have the best educational alternatives for their youngster. The ABC Mouse is one of the very best alternatives since it has been created particularly for young kids with developing delays or impairments. This online academic software application is assured to offer your youngster an advantage when discovering and speaking the alphabet.
With the ABC Mouse system, you can expect your kid to develop and enhance communication abilities, as well as a far better understanding of the ABC's. Furthermore, you can expect your child to have a positive mindset toward learning and talking the ABC's. Your youngster will take pleasure in the games, quizzes and music-filled interactive lessons that feature the program. Abcmouse Parent Reviews
The educational program consisted of in the ABC Mouse system is based on the very same basic materials and also methods made use of in traditional public colleges across America. The software application does provide an one-of-a-kind curriculum that provides a special learning experience. The software program has been developed to assist kids with finding out impairments, including Down disorder, excel in language as well as enhance their reading and also mathematics skills.
The ABC Mouse is not a replacement for standard public schools. It is a beneficial enhancement to any house institution. Abcmouse Parent Reviews
Reading Egg: Abcmouse Parent Reviews
The early reading educational program for children can be divided into two significant types-the first is reading and the second reads games. It is necessary that you understand which one is suitable for your youngster before you make a decision which one is the much better option. The good news is that much of these reading programs have actually been developed by experts. Reading is an excellent method to boost the language abilities of your kid and also these video games are best for showing kids and children exactly how to read. Abcmouse Parent Reviews
Reading Egg is an on-line early discovering curriculum for infants and toddlers. Reading Egg is an interactive, on-line supplement to conventional reading programs. It contains fun tasks that you can have fun with your youngster. The activities in this program will help your kid establish his/her motor abilities, eye coordination and also reading skills. Youngsters will certainly take pleasure in the basic activities that you can select from and they will certainly likewise learn a few valuable truths and also vocabulary words.
As a parent, it is extremely vital for you to ensure that your youngster is obtaining the most effective possible education for his/her development. You can not overlook any kind of part of his/her development. If you do so, it might impact your youngster's progress later in life. You require to make certain that you have the best feasible resources readily available for him or her. The most important source is the early reading curriculum for kids. This is since it is one of the most powerful medium that you can make use of to improve the language skills of your kid. By improving the language abilities of your kid, he or she will certainly be able to recognize what is taking place around him or her as well as end up being much more aware of the demands of others. Abcmouse Parent Reviews
The 2nd sort of early learning educational program is for kids. This is since toddlers are still very much establishing their speech and body language. You need to guarantee that they obtain the appropriate very early discovering curriculum. A few of the standard things that you can include in their early discovering educational program include stories, rhymes, and straightforward activities. You can likewise instruct your child to utilize finger writing and also various other such abilities.
Reading eggs, on the other hand, is a very early learning educational program that is especially indicated for kids. The goal of this very early knowing program is to assist children boost their reading skills. Reading Egg is an interactive supplement for youngsters who are learning to read. since it is an interactive video game that allows your kid to connect with various other children as well as find out at the same time. Abcmouse Parent Reviews
Reading Egg is a curriculum that will certainly assist your youngster find out to read. while enjoying! Your youngster will additionally be revealed to various themes which will help him/her to interact with various other youngsters in your home. Learning to read is important for your child's future. A good beginning in the best instructions will certainly improve their vocabulary, punctuation as well as even their grammar. The most excellent choice is to go in for an early discovering curriculum that has been verified to function.
All About Reading: Abcmouse Parent Reviews
The All About Reading Program is a terrific means to present your child to reading and also to find more regarding the world in which they live. From history to location as well as from the arts to scientific research, curriculum created by professionals in the reading field will certainly aid your child come to be the fantastic world-changer that they have actually constantly longed for! The program additionally offers a detailed check out what it suggests to be reading – how to find your way via the message, to determine various forms of literary expression as well as how to construct significant sentences, all the while creating the reading skills that are necessary to you as well as your entire family. A highly successful very early understanding curriculum that is likewise geared towards establishing a feeling of self-regard, this program can have an extensive effect on your youngster's ability to read, understand and value their culture and to interact in English. Abcmouse Parent Reviews
Reading to children is a vital part of their advancement, so why not begin the All About Reading program in pre-school? When a kid is first presented to reading, their eyes are opened to an universe of opportunities; this makes reading a vital developmental milestone. Once they are able to start to continue reading their own, they will certainly find that they appreciate this process as well as are normally drawn to it. This is where the All About Learning Program comes in. Your youngster will certainly love reading publications, yet they will additionally appreciate reading to a team of youngsters or finding out to compose, since this helps them develop their very own private style and also taste.
The very early learning program that you select will give an interactive setting where the kid can interact with others. This will certainly consist of kids of various ages, from pre-school to primary school. The program can also be customized to fit your house – whether you intend to include a publication club for a set of children or simply 1 or 2 kids at once. Several moms and dads today recognize that youngsters need a very early introduction to proficiency and also the All About Reading program has the material to help your youngster to establish a love of reading. Not just will they appreciate it, they'll find out exactly how to improve their reading abilities and establish their very own style of reading. Abcmouse Parent Reviews
By including reading into your kid's very early learning educational program, you are giving them the possibility to discover different forms of reading. They will certainly be presented to the joys of language and the wonders of the composed word in their native tongue – something they might not have actually experienced in the past. Along with obtaining the fundamentals right, they will certainly additionally obtain assistance to help them establish their own feeling of identity and self-regard – something several children are battling with in this area. The All About Learning Program aims to assist children create a love of reading and encourage their minds via the procedure of exploration and expedition.
By permitting your child a better degree of freedom in selecting the subjects to read, you will certainly be providing a better level of control and also freedom. The educational program consists of a wide array of subjects that vary from history and also location, to mathematics and also also the most recent Hollywood smash hits. Children are able to make their own options in the curriculum – as well as you can take the opportunity to create the abilities required to write in the language in which they were educated. This is beneficial to both the child as well as their development as an individual, so do not forget to obtain entailed! Abcmouse Parent Reviews
All About Reading offers several of the most interesting as well as innovative strategies to reading that are offered today. If your child has always wished to read, however can't locate the time to do so, after that this is the program for them. Don't allow your youngsters slide through the cracks. See to it they are presented early in their lives, as well as you'll locate that they will certainly love understanding. and also appreciate the experience!
Hooked On Phonics: Abcmouse Parent Reviews
Hooked On Phonics is an ingenious, multi-generational mentor firm and also producer of early learning educational program for little ones from preschool through fifth grade. Hooked On Phonics was begun in 1987 by a single mommy whose three teen children were battling to discover to read. Hooked On Phonics has actually ended up being a leading company of mentor products for young kids as well as continues to establish new as well as cutting-edge items for young discovering. Abcmouse Parent Reviews
Hooked On Phonics makes a number of different items, yet their most prominent item is their early discovering educational program for preschool with fifth grade. Their early knowing curriculum can be found in numerous degrees of trouble, so parents and also educators can create a very easy knowing educational program for little ones or a more challenging one for older youngsters. Hooked On Phonics additionally offers publications along with their early understanding curriculum. These books are geared toward little ones and attribute pictures and also storybooks concerning the alphabet, reading, phonics, and language abilities.
Hooked On Phonics likewise uses the Hooked On Phonics Early Learning Curriculum System. This educational program system is designed to assist youngsters from the time they are infants to the age of five starts reading to discover the ABC's and various other words, expressions as well as words. This very early understanding educational program includes a variety of books, CD's and on the internet learning software application. It additionally consists of videos and audio CDs with storybooks for young kids to gain from. Among one of the most amazing aspects of this curriculum system is that kids can publish out the storybooks they have picked for their very own individual usage. Hooked On Phonics additionally has an early understanding program for preschool through 5th grade that is offered at the website. Abcmouse Parent Reviews
On-line education is also used at the web site. Hooked On Phonics uses cost-free online courses as well as various other activities. They also use a range of mentor devices for moms and dads, instructors, as well as youngsters curious about finding out to read. They also offer books, music sheets, interactive flash cards, interactive white boards, and also other interactive tools that make finding out to read fun and amazing for children. Hooked On Phonics also supplies complimentary online discussion online forums for moms and dads and also teachers who intend to chat with one another.
The firm is committed to creating the most effective learning resources available. and also to making learning for youngsters's enjoyable for both parents as well as kids. They strive to fulfill the demands of parents as well as instructors with innovative products and also a parent can utilize. to be reliable in their understanding process. Hooked On Phonics thinks that children will learn more when discovering is fun and not stressful. Abcmouse Parent Reviews
With the help of these cutting-edge learning devices, moms and dads and teachers can achieve a strong structure for a youngster's growth. The products are not only instructional, but they are enjoyable as well!
Great Things from Teaching Your Child How To Read: Abcmouse Parent Reviews
Educating your child just how to read correctly, will certainly allow them to create their writing and also punctuation skills to ensure that when they start to make a note of things, they recognize that the punctuation of words will not be an issue. and that they will certainly have the proper enunciation. when they are ready. After they have actually created an excellent grasp of the alphabet, they will certainly be able to find out about the definition behind each letter and also where each letter goes. Abcmouse Parent Reviews
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Difference between HPLC and LCMS
Chromatography is a technique of separation in chemistry, where analytes or components are separated through the mobile and stationary phases. HPLC employs liquid chromatography and the combination of the LC and MS has evolved for quantitative analysis of selected components. Compared to HPLC, liquid chromatography-mass Spectroscopy is very accurate, sensitive, and has the potential of liquid chromatography with the mass analysis this is the significant difference between HPLC and LCMC.The joint technique between HPLC and MS is commonly known as LC-MS, Combining both methods decreases error and enhance accuracy, Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry is valuable in applications that contain a large number of compounds.
Here are some points of difference between HPLC and LCMS.
- HPLC is a separation technique that employs mainly to separate, identify and determine each component in the sample of a complex mixture.
- LC-MS is a hybrid system in which a UV or PDA detector of HPLC replaced with a mass spectrometer.
- HPLC results are less accurate than LCMS.
- LCMS results are highly accurate than HPLC.
- HPLC is a time-consuming method than the LCMS.
- LCMS has a faster analysis than HPLC.
- HPLC is just a liquid chromatography technique.
- The combination of a liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy method is an LCMS.
- HPLC is less accurate, sensitive than LCMS.
- LCMS is more accurate, sensitive than HPLC.
- Using an HPLC the biomolecules, organic molecules, polymers, and ions can be analyzed.
- Using an HPLC the biomolecules and organic molecules can be analyzed.
👩🔬 If you want to know other articles similar to Difference between HPLC and LCMS you can visit the HPLC
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The federal government is sending Central Florida $23.4 million in various federal housing grants including programs to increase affordable housing, reduce homelessness, revitalize communities and provide suitable homes for individuals with HIV/AIDS, the regions’ congressional delegation announced Wednesday.
Democratic U.S. Reps. Val Demings, Stephanie Murphy, and Darren Soto announced the combined grants headed toward Orange, Osceola and Seminole Counties, as well as the cities of Orlando and Sanford, from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Orange County is set to get $9.8 million overall, and the city of Orlando $7.6 million. Seminole County is in line for $2.8 million, Osceola County, and Sanford $478,000.
“Affordable housing and smart urban planning are crucial in our work to build a Central Florida that works for all of us. Every Central Floridian should be able to live in a safe, healthy, affordable neighborhood,” Demings stated in a news release. “These new development grants are an important tool towards building more good-quality affordable housing and planning beautiful and integrated communities for all of us.”
The area is getting a total of $12.9 million through HUD’s Community Development Block Grant program to redevelop affordable housing in low-income areas; $5.4 million from the HOME Investment Partnership Program for local community grants to build, buy and rehabilitate affordable housing; $1. million from the Emergency Solutions Grants Program to engage homeless individuals and families and improve the quality of emergency shelters; and $4.1 million from the Housing Opportunities for Persons Living With AIDS Program, to address low-income people living with HIV/AIDS and their families.
“Affordable housing continues to be one of the biggest challenges in Central Florida. Along with another recently awarded HUD grant for $8 million, this new major $25 million federal grant will go a long way to assisting countless hard-working families in need of housing, especially in our most vulnerable communities,” Soto said. “We recognize the growing need for housing assistance in our region and will continue advocating for federal grants to address this issue.”
“While our region continues to attract new businesses, better-paying jobs, and new economic opportunities, affordable housing has not kept pace with this growth,” Murphy stated. “This is a serious challenge for central Florida, and we must tackle it head on so more hard-working people can afford a good home. I will keep fighting to secure investments like these that protect our most vulnerable communities, strengthen our economy, and support middle-class families.”
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Much has been written about the badly damaged state of our Canadian democracy. Not only has the Harper Government, for the past five years, shown its contempt for Parliament, but also for the people of Canada, who have the right to expect responsible, representative and transparent government from all of our elected representatives.
The level of citizen engagement in our democratic society has dropped to dangerously low levels. The federal election of October 2008 saw a turnout of 58.8% of eligible voters, the lowest participation rate since Confederation, resulting in the second Harper minority government.
The distribution of those votes means that we are allowing a minority of people to determine the direction our country takes, the policies that are enacted, the treaties that are signed, and so on.
Given that a good portion of those who vote are 'true believers' of one political stripe or another, that means we are essentially allowing special interests to determine our collective fates.
Does this sound fair? Does this sound reasonable?
Even more disturbing is the demographic breakdown of the 2008 turnout: youth turnout (ages 18-24) was only 37.4% of those eligible to cast ballots; for those aged 25-34, it was 48%; for those 35-44, it was 53.9%; in the 45-54 category, it was 59.7.
It was only in the dinosaur category (i.e., yours truly), that voter turnout rates began to look even remotely healthy - perhaps something of an irony since we decline in so many other areas. ;)
I believe there is a way to begin to remind those who govern that they are accountable to us, and not to those monied interests who can employ expensive lobbyists agitating for more and more targeted tax breaks and other policies that may work counter to our national interests.
That way is to have a much larger proportion of average citizens exercising their franchise.
That is the reason I have created a Facebook page entitled Help Get Out The Vote - Election 2011. While I may have a political philosophy that runs counter to someone else's, I invite people of all political stripes to participate in order to help increase political awareness and to discuss ways to significantly increase voter turnout in the upcoming federal election.
My only stipulation is that discussion be kept on a civil level. Commentary based on invective, rudeness, insults, etc. will be deleted.
I hope that people who like this page will extend invitations to their family and friends to do visit and contribute to it. The more ideas, discussion and plans that people can offer, the better will be our results.
So let's use the power of social media to achieve something important. Let's work toward building a better, more democratic Canada!
You must be logged in to comment.
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Why not post one?
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The arrival of a new baby is a big event for the entire family, pets included. Dogs unfamiliar with the sights and sounds of a newborn may react inappropriately, so acclimate your pet in the months before the baby's arrival. Keeping your pet comfortable makes interactions with children much safer.
Even the most patient pup eventually tires of physical harassment. Your baby won't know when to stop poking and prodding the pet, so train your dog to tolerate rough handling before the two get near each other. Gently poke your finger into your dog's side or legs, then immediately reward her with a small treat. Do this five times during each session, then take a break. Conduct four to eight of these sessions throughout the day, gradually increasing the force of the jabs every few days, according to the ASPCA. Repeat this basic pain-reward training with other types of interactions, like pulling your pet's ears and tugging on her fur.
Your dog doesn't understand that the baby is a human like his owner, so he may see the baby as a threat or prey. Spend a few minutes crawling around on the floor near your dog every day so he's used to seeing people on all fours. Play recordings of screaming, crying and other baby sounds around your dog so he's accustomed to the strange and unpleasant sounds that newborns make, according to the Animal Humane Society. Reward your dog with treats throughout each experience. Start with low volume and turn it up a little bit each day until your pet tolerates even the shrill shrieks and loud crying.
Safety Zone and Barriers
Always supervise interactions between your dog and baby. Even if your dog tolerates the child, you want to make sure the baby isn't hurting or annoying your pet. Never let babies crawl up to your pet's bowls, into his crate or near his toys. Keep all of your dog's belongings in a separate area of the house that is blocked by gates or closed doors. Your dog needs a place to hide when the baby is too much for her to handle. Personal space gives your dog more control over much interaction she has with the baby. Knowing she can flee makes her more comfortable with the experience.
As you acclimate your dog in preparation for the baby's arrival, there are a few other things you can do to make the relationship safer for everyone. Train your dog to respond to basic commands, like sit and stay, so you can control him if he gets too excited around the baby. Take your pet to the vet for a checkup and consider having him fixed if he's still intact, according to The Humane Society of the United States. Speak with a dog trainer or behavioral consultant if your pet has reacted aggressively in the past or is persistently disobedient. Scold your dog when he jumps up or puts his paws on you. Ignore him after the verbal reprimand, until he understands that he won't get attention this way.
Quentin Coleman has written for various publications, including All Pet News and Safe to Work Australia. He spent more tan 10 years nursing kittens, treating sick animals and domesticating semi-feral cats for a local animal shelter. He graduated from the University of Delaware with a bachelor's degree in journalism.
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First Central Baptist Church on Staten Island just celebrated Black History Month with their 12th Annual Town Hall Meeting and Community Breakfast Saturday, Feb. 25, 2017, at the Central Family Life Center. The focus of the breakfast was “Mind, Body and Soul,” and how people can make healthier choices that can help us all live longer. Attendees and speakers discussed diseases such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes and the importance of taking your medicine, making changes in your diet and always going to medical appointments. Speakers stated that if these diseases run in your family, it is also very important that you get tested so you can maintain a healthy lifestyle and live longer. They also talked about mental health and the importance of finding somebody to talk to if you are facing issues.
After breakfast, folks went to the church for the town hall meeting. It started with the Wagner College Chorus and a drum presentation by Al Peters. The First Lady of New York City, Charlene McCray, spoke about mental health and her program called Thrive, which she started to help people and families who are experiencing issues with mental health. She said that she started the program after her daughter was diagnosed with anxiety and clinical depression and she didn’t know where to turn for help. After a lot of searching they found the answers, and her daughter is better now and is a college graduate. McCray encouraged people to contact Thrive if they or someone they know needs help with mental health issues.
The keynote speaker for the day was Dr. Jawanza Kunjufu from Chicago, who spoke on a number of issues within African-American society and how to maintain a healthy mind, body and soul. One important thing he emphasized is that education is essential because it is something that no one can take away from you.
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Massage therapy is a form of alternative medicine providing many health benefits such as pain relief, injury rehabilitation, stress reduction, increase in relaxation, and the lowering of blood pressure. Various forms of massage therapy are proven to be helpful and necessary to human health. Science has shown the benefits of endorphins in the system, and massage chairs are excellent in providing those benefits.
What is a massage chair?
The History of Massage Chairs
Massage chairs have many origin stories, it’s tough to pinpoint exactly how they came about. Massage therapy dates back thousands of years. References can be found in several ancient writings across the world. Massage therapy has been depicted on Japanese block prints. Ancient Egyptian societies performed massages with the belief that it would help the body achieve a state of calm and harmony as well as help to fight off demons, viruses, and infection.
Common Chair Features
It’s exciting having a massage chair and getting to discover all of its unique features to give you the ultimate massage experience every time. Here, we detail the most common, and some new features you could have with your massage chair. From precise body scanning technology for a personal massage to chromotherapy, we’re here to inform you of all the great features you are sure to enjoy with your massage chair.
2D vs 3D vs 4D Massage Rollers
All About Tracks
Body Scanning Page
Airbag Compression Massage
Foot & Calf Massage
While enjoying your massage, you want to be in control, and customize your moment of relaxation as you choose. Luckily massage chairs offer a variety of programmed options for you to navigate during your massage session. Whether it’s a deep tissue massage to alleviate tension in the muscles, or reflexology to calmly rejuvenate the soles of your feet, our massage chairs are sure to do the job, and you can learn more here about the various massage programs that are available.
The most common type of massage is Swedish. It uses soft, long, kneading strokes as well as light, rhythmic, tapping on topmost layers of muscles. It is designed to manipulate the muscles and joints. By relieving tension, a Swedish massage can be simultaneously relaxing and revitalizing. It can also help with injury recovery. -Read More
Deep tissue massage is executed through the use of firm pressure and slow strokes that are meant to reach deeper into the muscle and fascia, the connective tissue surrounding your muscles. The main purpose of a deep tissue massage is to ease chronic aches and pain like a stiff neck or upper back, lower back pain, leg muscle tightness, and sore shoulders. -Read More
Reflexology is a massage technique used on the feet, hands, and ears that involves applying different amounts of pressure to stimulate certain areas of the body and relieve tension. It’s based on a belief that these body parts are connected to certain organs and systems. Reflexologists assert that applying pressure to these areas offers a range of health benefits. In massage chairs, you’ll typically find this in the form of reflexology massage rollers in the footrest. -Read More
If you’ve been perusing our site or studying massage, you’ve probably seen Shiatsu among the many different types of massage therapy, but you may not know what it entails. What is Shiatsu massage exactly, and how does it help the body? Shiatsu originated in Japan and was based on traditional Chinese medicine with elements of Western therapies, according to the Shiatsu Society. It is designed to help the body heal itself. -Read More
Tapping, also referred to as percussion massage, is a treatment for soft tissue pain and soreness through the use of rapid, short-duration pulses or taps that reach deep into the soft tissues of the body. -Read More
Kneading is a massage technique where pressure is applied to both the top and innermost layers of muscle. Kneading is a common technique that can treat tight muscles, improve flexibility, and lessen pain. It can also be used to reduce stress and anxiety. -Read More
The good news is that stretching can help keep your body limber, but not all of us are able to incorporate regular stretching into our daily lives. For most of us, finding five minutes to think is hard enough let alone driving to a yoga class or physical therapist. So, why not try it out in your massage chair -Read More
Choosing the Right Chair/The Right Fit
Choosing the right massage chair is vital to the perfect massage experience. We want to be sure you get the most out of your money when deciding which massage chair is best for you.
Customers tend to forgo the possibility that their choice of a massage chair should include their physique. There are massage chairs designed perfectly for various body types, even a handful of massage chairs in our stock, are accustomed to support larger users, and petite users specifically.
This page details massage chairs that uniquely accommodate various body types, as well as financing options so you have a choice in how you pay for your new massage chair.
Which Chair Is Best for the Smaller User?
If you're anything like me, you're not tall. That can mean that some of the bigger massage chairs don't fit you as well as others. Many may believe that a large massage chair is fit to seat all sizes, but that’s not necessarily true. A massage chair fit to size maintains a secure massage so that the user can experience the effects of the chair from head to toe.
Which Chair Is Best for the Larger User?
People come in different shapes and sizes. That’s a fact. We need our massage chairs to be able to accommodate us, no matter our size. When it comes to finding the best big and tall massage chairs, it can be a bit tricky. But that’s why we’re here.
We know it may be difficult to spend money on high-quality massage chairs, but we have options for you to make it easier and possible to still get the chair you want, without having to pay the full retail price upfront. Below we have a variety of financing options. From Synchrony Financial, Affirm, and Snap Financing, you can get the massage chair you want without being burdened by the full price today.
General massage therapy is wonderful in alleviating muscle tension and providing overall great health benefits when used. This page highlights the variety of ways massage chairs can support users with various health conditions, from injury, to back pain, to pregnancy, read more on how a massage chair can work best for you.
Massage & Health
Massage chairs, although a luxury, they are essential to self-care and provide quite a few healthful benefits to those that purchase them. As you may already know massage therapy is a great way to reduce stress and improve relaxation and well-being. Having a massage chair in your home allows you access to these benefits whenever you feel the need.
Massage & Injury
Dealing with an injury is absolutely no fun, trust me I know. No matter how it happened, you want to recover fast. Often, when you are recovering your physician will prescribe physical therapy and massage, and having a massage chair can be extremely beneficial and convenient. In fact, your massage chair could be the key to a quicker recovery.
Massage Chairs & Pregnancy
If you’re using a massage chair or considering purchasing one, but you’re concerned about using it if you become pregnant, no need to worry. Plus, just like getting a massage from a therapist, as long as you follow the safety precautions, you can enjoy a lovely massage to ease those aches and pains.
Massage & Back Pain
Back pain and everyday aches can be incredibly uncomfortable and keep you from enjoying life to the fullest, and even being productive. When we’re in pain each day, focusing on work and life activities is near impossible.
Caring for your Massage Chair
We want to be sure you enjoy your massage chair for a long time. There’s a variety of techniques we’ve employed and hope to share with users here, on how to maintain a clean, usable, and “like-new” chair for an extended period of time. Read more below on massage chair maintenance.
The warranty of a massage chair usually covers parts and labor, but the length of a warranty can differ from manufacturer to manufacturer. Most warranties can be extended up to five years. We provide an extended warranty that can be purchased separately and on some chairs is available for no charge.
Manufacturer's vs. Extended Warranties
Some massage chair manufacturers only replace or repair the chair during the first year. You’ll have to look closely at the warranty of each manufacturer.
Massage Chair Brands
There are a host of different massage chairs, and they all belong to different brands. No matter what massage chair you choose, we’re sure you will be entirely satisfied. We know you’re curious to understand what makes one brand different from the next, so below, we’ve highlighted each brand so you have a better idea of their products and what they offer.
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Basement problems can range from cosmetic to catastrophic. Whether your walls have ugly white powder on them, mold is growing on everything in the area, or you have four feet of water in the basement, your problems are not uncommon and can be fixed. Below is a list of the ten most common basement problems in the industry. Choose the one that most accurately describes your problem to continue.
Basement flooding comes from many locations both inside and outside of the home, from both the inside and outside of the structure.
Whether you have groundwater flooding into the basement or a leak in your plumbing, washing machine, or water heater, there's a way to fix it and keep your basement dry forever. Click to learn more about wet basement repair.
Whether your sump pump is running nonstop, is being overwhelmed by too much water, or is not working at all, failing sump pumps is a problem you want to address right away. Your pump is the heart of your system, and without it, you have a flood on your hands.
Click to learn what you can do about sump pump issues.
Basement wall and floor cracks are surprisingly common, and often they do not indicate a serious problem. However, leaking basement wall and floor cracks can lead to significant basement flooding, and any crack could mean a foundation problem.
There are many approaches to fixing basement cracks, and not all work. Click to learn more about basement wall and floor cracks.
If your basement isn't leaking, is it dry? Not necessarily. Basements are famous for being damp, dark spaces for a reason- they're full of moisture that can easily condense onto your organic and metal surfaces.
Don't let mold, rot, and rust thrive in your basement! Find out why your basement is humid by clicking here.
Basement mold problems are a real and potentially serious issue. Mold can seriously affect your health and can easily damage photographs, clothing, books, and other organic materials stored in the basement. Fortunately, getting rid of mold is simple and easy.
Click to learn more about basement mold removal.
Foul smells in the basement mean odors wafting through the home. And among these smells are dead animals, animal waste, rotting wood, dust mite deposits, and mold spores. Who wants that?
This section of the troubleshooting guide is here to show you how to stop basement odors at their source.
Do you have white powder on your basement walls? Is the paint chipping and flaking off? Do you have dark or red patches on your basement walls? Maybe you're just sick of looking at ugly concrete in your below grade space.
If your foundation walls are buckling, bowing, or showing other signs of fatigue, it's time for a very serious look at your home. Damaged walls can quickly get worse, and in extreme cases can mean a failed foundation.
We can help get you started on the road to foundation repair. Click to learn more about foundation repair solutions.
Are your basement floors settling downwards like there's a sinkhole under the basement floor? If so, what can you do about it? Is it necessary to pull out the entire basement floor, or can something more effective be done?
We have the answers you're looking for. Click to learn how to fix sinking basement floors.
When you look at your window, what do you see? Is it rusted, rotting, or leaking water? Do you see weeds or a tree growing in your window well? Are your windows drafty and dirty?
Click for tips and advice about long-lasting, energy-efficient basement windows.
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Pastoralism is the predominant land use in Somalia and consists of nomadic pastoralism with a growing private sector livestock export industry. This industry provides the greatest source of revenue in Somalia, surpassing crop production fourfold in value. The livestock industry employs over 60% of the population and livestock earnings account for over 80% of Somalia’s foreign exchange earnings. The country comes second in global sheep exports after Australia. Goats, sheep, camels, and cattle are the predominant animals reared by pastoralists.
Other types of land uses include rain-fed agriculture, irrigated agriculture and forestry. Most of the northern part of Somalia is dry and cannot support rain-fed agriculture except for small pockets of land in the areas around Hargeisa, Gebiley and Borama. In the rest of the region, sparse rainfall means that agriculture is only possible where there are alternative groundwater sources to support irrigation. This is common within the alluvial plains where shallow wells and permanent springs provide supplementary water for irrigated Pastoralism in Northern Somalia agriculture.
In the South, rain-fed agriculture is practiced in the Shabelle and Juba river basin. There are two crop growing seasons, coinciding with the Gu and Deyr rain seasons. The crops grown include sorghum, millet, maize, groundnuts, cowpeas, mung beans, sesame, cassava and vegetables.These crops are produced for both human consumption and animal fodder. Crop production is limited by factors such as shallow and stony soil, low soil moisture, rainfall variability, soil erosion and low soil fertility. A number of soil and water conservation measures such as soil bunding, terracing, and water storage (in dams and other reservoirs) are used to conserve soils and water and extend the growing season.
Irrigated agriculture is practiced in the floodplains along the permanent rivers in south Somalia (the Juba and the Shabelle) and along the seasonal streams and springs. In northern Somalia, water is available within pockets of deep soil for irrigated orchards, or from shallow wells and springs, which are the major sources of water for crop irrigation, with water pumped to the fields.
Irrigated crops grown on a small scale include maize, sesame, fruit trees and vegetables, while crops such as bananas, guava, lemon, mango and papaya are grown on a large-scale for domestic consumption.
Several studies conducted by SWALIM on land use are available in the publications library. The characterisation Land Use Systems of Somalia of different land uses in specific areas in Somalia is summarised in the reports: Land Use Characterization of the Juba and Shabelle - Report No L-07 and Land Use Characterisation of a Selected Study Areas in Somaliland - Report No L-04.
Irrigated papaya near Hargeisa
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Every article that we publish, confirms to stringent guidelines & involves several levels of reviews, both from our Editorial team & Experts. We welcome your suggestions in making this platform more useful for all our users. Write in to us at firstname.lastname@example.org
Last Updated on
Children need a supporting hand to guide them as they learn how to grapple with the world. A child must engage with his/her world and make the best of the opportunities available while keeping their feet firmly on the ground. Motivating your child to find something they love and them sticking with it can be challenging. However, there are some methods that you can employ to getting your child interested in the things around them.
Best Ways to Motivate Your Child
Providing motivation for kids can seem like a daunting task, especially when they grow a little older. Here are 11 tips on motivating children to do their best.
1. Setting Goals
One of the most essential things to motivate your child is to set goals for him/her. Kids need direction and structure to guide them into better adults. Set easy goals for your child like cleaning up the table after studying or setting the alarm every night. One of the best ways to set goals is to discuss with your child on how to achieve these goals. Does your child want an alarm clock to set the alarm every day? Do they want to bake their birthday cake? Make it interesting for your child, and you are bound to see a marked difference.
Having a plan will also help your child understand structure. It would help if you this with the active involvement of your child. If they want to make it to their school’s basketball team, what are the steps they are taking and how much practice will they need? Pay attention to your child’s input, and they will automatically feel responsible for the task at hand.
Most parents fall into the trap of bribing their child to do something, whether it is cleaning their room or studying for an hour every day. While this might work in the short term, it will not help build character or instil values. While using rewards, think of meaningful things that will bring joy to your child. It could be a day spent with you or baking cookies together. Ask your child how they feel after they complete a task. This will teach them to understand that the feelings that come along with the experience and the experience itself could be the reward.
Children love to have conversations that satisfy their curiosity. When asking your child to do something, take a moment to explain why they need to do a task. The worldview of your child can be very different and not necessarily logical. As an adult, you need to find compelling reasons and figure out what motivates your child. Examples include telling your child that cleaning his/her room would allow them and their friends to play easily.
Encouragement is vital to not just children, but adults too. Engage in positive reinforcement and recognize the efforts your child is putting in. If they make any progress, applaud them for their hard work and dedication. Encouragement cannot be vague but must be descriptive so that your child knows exactly which values you hold in high esteem. Encourage them to persist with things that they have failed at. This is one of the best methods for positively motivating young children.
Appreciate any efforts your child makes, such as helping with dinner or cleaning up his/her room without being told. Do not make this a teaching moment, but just enjoy the fact that your child has done something that they should be proud of. Children need to learn how to pat themselves on the back and they will learn this from you.
7. Choices and Their Consequences
It is very important that you teach your child that their choices will have consequences, and they will have to learn to deal with them. Give your child decision making responsibilities such as choosing which toy to play with or choosing what dress to wear. Older children can be given the choice of picking an activity that they have to stick with and learn the activity to the best of their abilities.
8. Don’t Nag
You might think that you are just motivating a lazy child, but being pushy will only demotivate your child. Nagging could also make your child rebellious and do the opposite of what you want.
9. Embracing Flaws
Teaching your child that everyone comes with flaws, including you, is an important lesson. Kids should be taught that flaws are a part of life and they shouldn’t come in the way of finding success or happiness. If your child is conscious of how they look but loves the water, then encourage them to try swimming and take them shopping to find a swimsuit that they will be comfortable in.
10. Lead by Example
One of the best ways to teach children is by leading by example. Children are great imitators and will pick up habits (both good and bad), words, life skills, and even expressions used by the adults around them. Use ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ when talking to people around you as well as while talking to your children. It also shows them that you respect them. Sometimes you do not have to figure out what motivates your child to get him/her to imbibe some values. Your behaviour could be enough for him/her to learn.
11. Take Interest
Sometimes it seems that all you can do is get the kids ready, rush to work, come home to fix dinner, clean up and crash into bed. However, it is necessary that you take interest in the lives of your children. When you are interested, you children will believe that the things they are doing are worth something. You can ensure this by getting your children to help you fix dinner and then asking them about their day. Do not make this exercise about teaching them a life lesson. Just be interested and ask them questions about how they feel about the goings on in their lives.
Motivation and children can seem like a formidable task. However, the more you realize that when you engage your children with respect, the better the response will be from them. Use examples that they can relate to and do not preach. Avoid words like ‘should’ and ‘must’ and make it seem like they are making choices for themselves rather than choices being made for them.
Using the above tips should help you see a change in your child’s manners, behaviour and attitude towards their studies and other various activities. If they continue to remain lacklustre then it is best that you consult with the child’s school counsellor for further guidance.
Also Read: Cognitive Development in Children
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8 Tips to Prepare Wholistically for Fall
All living creatures on earth are tied to and affected by the cycles of the days, the months and the seasons. As humans, our bodies are also affected by light and darkness, dryness and humidity, warmth and cold, all of which represent the passage of time.
For millennia, the people of the world have followed the guidance of Mother Nature to maintain health and extend their longevity. Bitter herbs in spring acted as natural detoxifiers, fresh raw fruit and outdoor activities would rule summer, reflection and fasting during autumn to prepare for winter, warming herbs to help maintain immunity during winter.
Yet as the world evolved into an era of technological advance, so did our behaviors. We moved all too quickly to habits that are considered part of the convenience of modern living, like pre-packaged foods, artificial light and less sleep to name a few. While our society has evolved away from nature, our biology hasn’t quite caught up; we still depend on the same natural habits for optimum health as our ancestors did hundreds of years ago (a diet comprised of densely nutritious, seasonal foods, mostly plants, proper sleep, regular activity/movement).
Today we eat large amounts of the same food year round and consider the natural cycles of purification, fasting and detoxification “alternative” practices. Yes, one can argue that technology and science allow us to stay alive longer, but are we losing the quality of our lives and our natural biology in the process? To top it all off, we are walking farther away from the natural body-mind rhythm, which is key for overall health.
As part of my work, I advocate a return to a simpler, healthier lifestyle; one that allows you to live more in sync with nature and your own body. Since we are approaching the colder months, you may wonder how to adapt your lifestyle to the upcoming season in accordance with the natural rules of nature.
First and foremost, it is important to understand what happens to your body as the weather changes from warm to cold. During fall and early winter, our digestion gets a bit sluggish, we tend to need more sleep, our skin and airways get dryer and we become more prone to infections and airborne diseases.
Historically, people around the world celebrated harvest or fall with fasts (e.g., Ramadan and Yom Kippur), reflection on their lives and by making amends. It is a traditional time to focus on balancing the body. Here are my recommendations for how to honor the natural changes in your body that come with this change of season:
- Consume more root vegetables and other seasonal vegetables. This will help maintain a healthy gut and aid in the natural detox process that’s common at this time of the year. A strong, healthy digestive system is key, as it is responsible for many of the nutritional, detoxification, immune and metabolic processes in the body.
- Add warming spices like cinnamon, nutmeg, ginger and garlic to your dishes.
- Shift your workout to include less vigorous activities like Yoga, stretching and brisk walking.
- Use natural oils (coconut, jojoba, Shea) to hydrate the skin and a dry brush to get rid of dead cells at least 2x per week.
- Practice sleep hygiene by going to bed a bit earlier, keeping the room cool and dark and maintaining consistency with your sleep schedule.
- Consume fewer cold foods and less ice or cold water. Instead, drink tea as often as possible, ideally using bitter herbs like dandelion, sage, gentian, turmeric and chamomile.
- Check with your doctor and consider adding supplementation that would aid in the prevention of toxic buildup. Herbs like Milk Thistle or Goldenseal come to mind.
- Shift your activity inward. Reflect on the last 3 seasons, plan for the next 4 and ask for guidance and clarity when appropriate. Meditation has been used for centuries to improve relaxation, improve mind-body balance and enhance general health and well-being.
Copyright 2022 Center for Nutrition Studies. All rights reserved.
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Posted November 12, 2018
Posted August 03, 2017
This website is developed and maintained by the State Implementation and Scaling-up of Evidence-based Practices (SISEP) Center and the National Implementation Research Network (NIRN) in the USA. It provides a variety of tools and resources for use when implementing new policies, programmes or practices. It also provides learning modules on a range of implementation topics, such as drivers, teams, stages and improvement cycles. All resources are freely available and are intended for use by all stakeholders actively involved in implementing or scaling up a programme or practice in any sector.
Posted July 18, 2017
This website offers a set of tools and resources for those using the Normalization Process Theory (NPT). NPT was developed in 2009 by Carl May and colleagues from a number of universities across the UK, Ireland and Australia. The site contains concise descriptions of the theory, and toolkit for its practical application. This theory and website is useful for those who are designing an intervention and wish to encourage implementation and integration into routine practice.
Posted July 14, 2017
This website offers useful, practical information on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). It is developed by the CFIR Team in the Centre for Clinical Management Research in the USA. The CFIR focuses on adapting interventions to fit the setting where they will be implemented, and continuously improving implementation throughout this process. The site was created for those considering using CFIR to evaluate an implementation or design an implementation study, but the information has relevance for all stakeholders involved in implementation.
Posted July 11, 2017
This guide, developed in 2018 by the Education Endowment Foundation in the UK, has been designed to support school leaders and others in school-based settings to implement change. Drawing on recent reviews that summarise research on implementation in education, plus insights from wider literature in Implementation Science, it addresses the stages of, and foundations for, good implementation in school-based settings. This guide will help those who are aiming to implement any school improvement decision, be it programme or practice, a whole-school or targeted approach, or an internally or externally generated idea.
Posted July 10, 2017
This is the website for the Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation and Measurement (RE-AIM) framework. RE-AIM was first published in 1999 by Russell Glasgow from the University of Colorado, and was designed to enhance the quality, speed and impact of translating public health research into practice. The website describes the components of RE-AIM, and provides resources to help apply the framework, including planning tools and checklists. It will be of interest to all stakeholders considering using RE-AIM as a framework to plan and evaluate implementation.
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|Can you spot the September 11 in the MK Ultra report?|
Today it is reported a 12 year old boy shot thirteen and eleven year old classmates at his school. No one is reported to have been killed. Only injuries were sustained. The age of the victims, 13 and 11, correspond with the letters M and K. MK Ultra is an acknowledged psychological operations program against the citizens of the United States, that supposedly has been stopped.
The shooting took place at Berrendo Middle School in New Mexico, the 47th State. The shooting is said to have happened at 8:11 am. At this time, no names have been disclosed.
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What Can the Location of Your Headache Tell You?
No one is unfamiliar with a headache. It is defined as pain in any part of the head. If you’re troubled by frequent headaches, then one of the first things you should do is determine its place of occurrence. You should know about headache location meaning, that is, in which particular part you experience pain.
There are several areas where the pain can be felt. Some of them are: headache on top of your head, front of the head, one or both sides of the head, or the back of your head. People feel it in different forms like a pulsing or throbbing pain, sharp pain, dull ache, etc.
Types of Headache and Location Meaning
The location of the headache can help a lot in finding out what type of headache it is. Hence it will enable the doctor in diagnosing the root cause of a particular headache.
Given below are the different types of headache
Tension headache migraine
1. Tension Headache
Person experiencing tension headache, Credit: Pixabay
The location of this type of headache is usually at the top of your head and the temple region. Those who experience this headache also complain that they can feel the pain all over their head.
2. Tension Headache Migraine
Person experiencing tension headache migraine, Credit: Pixabay
It is commonly experienced at the back of your head and neck. It can also be felt behind both of your eyes. Other locations include forehead and cheeks.
3. Cluster Headache
Person experiencing cluster headache, Credit: Pixabay
It occurs suddenly on one side of your head or one eye. People feel it in cluster periods that can last from anywhere between a few weeks to several months.
4. Sinus Headache
Person experiencing sinus headache, Credit: Pixabay
This kind of headache occurs mostly around your eyes, bridge of your nose, and across your cheeks. It can also occur around the forehead or around the teeth area.
It is important to keep in mind that not everyone suffers from pain in the same region of their head. Symptoms, especially in migraines can differ a lot from person to person.
How Different Kinds of Headache Can Be Treated
Person taking headache medication, Credit: Pixabay
The location of your headache and its meaning is one aspect that helps doctors find out about the underlying headache.
Tension Headache Treatment
Tension headaches are mild headaches that can be treated with over-the-counter medicines and taking plenty of rest. Students who experience tension headaches often complain of pain or stiffness in their neck, upper back, or shoulders. A outcall massage London can also help to relieve them.
Tension Headache Migraine Treatment
Tension headache migraine is more severe than a simple tension headache. They often have triggers, and identifying those triggers can help them from preventing it from occurring frequently. These kinds of migraines are very severe and distressing.
If you experience its symptoms like nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, mood swings, then its time for you to seek your doctor’s help. There are some medications that they may prescribe to help you deal with the intense pain.
Cluster Headaches Treatment
Cluster headaches are associated with redness of the eye and stuffy nose. They are very painful. But at the same time, they are not very common in people. It’s cause is not known. Hence there is no treatment available for it at present.
Sinus Headache Treatment
A sinus headache indicates the presence of respiratory infection in your body. You can use an over-the-counter decongestant or allergy medicine to get relief from the sinus condition. Sometimes you may need an antibiotic.
There are more than 150 different types of headaches. Those mentioned above are some of the most common ones that many people experience in their lifetime. Recent years have seen considerable improvement in the kinds of medicines to treat different types of headaches. However, massage, consuming relaxants, and anti-inflammatory medications remain the most common treatment line for it.
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This live script explores the Universal Approximation Theorem which states that a single layer of "artificial neurons" can be used to approximate any function, with an arbitrarily small approximation error. This project presents an intuitive proof of the theorem by means of visual aids. The project allows the user to vary the different network parameters to approximate an arbitrary function f(x). Submitted as part of the MATLAB Online Live Editor Challenge 2018.
Mayank Jhamtani (2022). Neural Networks: The Universality Theorem (https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/68243-neural-networks-the-universality-theorem), MATLAB Central File Exchange. 검색됨 .
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Community Treasure Hunt
Find the treasures in MATLAB Central and discover how the community can help you!Start Hunting!
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The month of April celebrates Rosacea Awareness Month, designated by the National Rosacea Society to spread public awareness and education on the wide-ranging impact of the prevalent skin disorder. Current data estimates the chronic facial condition affects over 16 million Americans, causing discomfort and reducing quality of life. Thus, many patients with rosacea rely on prescription medications and cosmetic treatments to control its symptoms.
With the COVID-19 pandemic impeding routine clinical dermatology practice, aesthetic medicine practitioners have had to transition to online models of care, postpone elective surgeries, and cancel non-emergency in-person visits. Meanwhile, patients may face other difficulties such as issues with purchasing their regular skincare products and picking up prescription medications due to COVID-19 quarantine measures. Over the past few weeks, dermatologists have reported an increasing number of rosacea flare-ups in patients – a sign of heightened stress levels being experienced by the population.
As such, many are turning to teledermatology to access routine care and home-based treatment alternatives to manage their symptoms. While the number of therapeutic options continues to grow, some patients may be inclined to test out the popular natural, home-based alternatives to clinical rosacea management detailed below.
Home Management Strategies for Rosacea
Improve Dietary Choices
Processed foods, chemicals, and high-sugar foods are known to cause systemic inflammation, which can promote the inflammatory processes of the skin and redness commonly associated with rosacea. One of the primary strategies for managing the condition is improving dietary choices; this includes eliminating triggers and adding nutritious foods.
In addition, patients should be advised to avoid dietary triggers that can aggravate rosacea such as eliminating or limiting alcohol and caffeine consumption, hot showers, and spicy foods. Patients who may not be aware of their individual dietary triggers should be urged to keep a food diary to determine exact food, beverage, and spice reactions.
Choose Skincare Products Consciously
Patients suffering from rosacea tend to have sensitive skin, which can be easily irritated by certain skincare ingredients, including alpha hydroxy and beta hydroxy acids, retinol, and alcohol. Experts recommend gentle washing, avoiding abrasive scrubs, as well as limiting chemicals and non-natural ingredients to help reduce the likelihood of rosacea flare-ups.
According to dermatologist Dr. Marnie Nussbaum’s advice published in Town & Country Magazine, patients should be urged to seek out anti-inflammatory natural alternatives whenever possible. Nussbaum suggests fragrance-free products containing antioxidants – green tea, niacinamides, and ceramides – which can decrease redness and improve the skin’s barrier. “Natural calming ingredients like cucumber and chamomile extract can reduce redness and irritation,” she mentioned in the article, “Turmeric-containing creams are also powerful anti-inflammatory products that can help with flares.”
Additionally, the National Rosacea Society has provided guidance on recommended skin care products and cosmetics that may be helpful to inform patient decisions.
In its guide to skin care tips for rosacea patients, the American Academy of Dermatology emphasizes the importance of moisturizing the skin every day, which can help reduce irritation as well as dryness. Using a rosacea-friendly moisturizer or barrier repair cream twice a day has been proven to improve patient comfort levels, as well as peeling, roughness, and other common rosacea symptoms.
Minimize Stress Levels
Anxiety and high levels of stress contribute to increased cortisol production, which in turn leads to systemic, body-wide inflammation that can trigger eczema and rosacea flare-ups. While it may be difficult for both patients and providers to minimize stress levels during the current global health crisis, several relaxation techniques can help alleviate tension and quell the inflammatory response. Relaxation strategies, including yoga and meditation, can have a calming effect on the skin; patients can also try to incorporate several moments of mindful deep breathing throughout the day to ease their nervous system. Another simple change that can make a big difference is the improvement of sleep patterns.
As rosacea is reactive to environmental triggers and emotional wellbeing, it can prove difficult to control in these uncertain times – particularly with a widespread reduction in non-emergency dermatology appointments. Alongside the at-home rosacea management techniques outlined above, an emphasis on healing the skin and promoting overall wellbeing can help patients suffering from flare-ups at home or prevent the onset of symptoms in the future.
With the help of teledermatology technologies, clinicians can still see patients, prescribe medication, perform routine visits, and provide much-needed care at a safe distance. Dermatology practices interested in adopting the online healthcare model can find more information and guidelines for implementing telemedicine here.
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There are many different types of bullets but the most common type is composed of a lead core with some type of casing. On striking, the projectile element may travel at speeds of up to 1,500 metres/second, dependent on the ammunition and type of gun. The most important factors in causing significant injury or death are their placement and projectile path. The head and torso are the most vulnerable areas, with incapacitation due to CNS disruption or massive organ destruction and haemorrhage. The extent of tissue and organ trauma will depend on terminal ballistics, which are influenced by the type of bullet, its velocity and mass as well as the physical characteristics of the penetrated tissue.
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In France when a Seller disposes of their property it is vital to understand that certain authorities have the right to purchase the property in priority to the proposed purchaser. This is called the Droit de Préemption. There are essentially four ways in which this right of pre-emption may be exercised.
The first right of pre-emption is the right of the Commune where the property is situated. This right is called the Droit de Préemption Urbain (DPU). The Mairie's office usually exercises the right where the property or land is required for development purposes including public works, leisure facilities etc...
The DPU starts by a notification called Declaration d'intention d'aliéner (DIA) sent to the Mairie who have two months within which to reply. The DIA is usually drawn up by the Notaire in charge of the sale of the property. If the Mairie does not intend to "préempter" it can either not reply or send the DIA back with the comment Droit non exercé or Droit n'existe pas.
Where the Mairie does exercise its pre-emption right it usually purchases at a lower price than the purchase price indicated in the DIA. In the circumstances where the Mairie does exercise its right of pre-emption the Seller has three options:
The second right of pre-emption can be exercised by the tenant of a property. In this case there are two rights of pre-emption. The right quoted by the Law of 31st December 1975 and the right granted by the Law of 6th July 1989.
The Law of 1975 relates to "occupied" premises and gives the tenant a "lot de copropriété" a right of pre-emption when the landlord sells occupied premises for the first time following the division of the property into a condominium. The landlord sends a notification to the tenant who has one month within which to reply.
Where he wishes to buy the property he has two months to complete the purchase or four months if the tenant requires a loan. The Law of 1989 relates to unoccupied premises. In this instance the landlord who wants to sell his empty premises has to send a notification called Congé pour vendre to the tenant six months before the end of the lease and the tenant has two months within which to reply. The same rules apply as those in the 1975 Law should the tenant wish to purchase.
Importantly both the Laws of 1975 and 1989 provide security for the tenant if the Landlord sells the property without notifying the tenant or sells the property at a lower price. The tenant can within one month following completion take priority over the purchaser.
The third right of pre-emption is in relation to rural areas. The farmer and the Socité d'Aménagement Foncier et Etablissement Rural (SAFER - Agricultural Commission) both have a right of pre-emption over land or property.
As far as SAFER is concerned the notification is sent to SAFER by letter. From receipt of the notification SAFER has two months within which to decide wether to purchase.
If SAFER then intends to purchase the property the same rules apply as to the "Droit de Préemtion Urbain". The notification of the "Droit de Préemption" is published in a newspaper.
A farmer may purchase the agricultural land where:
(The right of pre-emption is exercised by the French Tax Administration (the Trésor Public) when the purchase price is concidered to be insufficient by the Tax Inspector has been repealed).
The fourth right is exercised by the "Coindivisaire" and relates to joint property. If one of them sells his/her share then the other "indivisaires" may purchase the share. The Seller serves a letter by a "Huissier de Justice" on the other indivisaires and they have one month within which to answer. If the other "indivisaires" wish to purchase the share they must do so within two months.
The consequences of the "Droit de Préemption" are that the purchaser is obliged to let the "préempteur" buy the property. He recovers all deposits made to the Estate Agent or the Notaire.
Finally there are some properties which the mairie, a tenant, or a farmer cannot purchase because they do not have a "Droit de Préemption". These circumstances are where:
The moral is that an innocent purchase can bring with it some unforeseen problems.
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Musician and dog lover Cheryl Wallace is on a mission to help shelter dogs. Wallace brings her cello to local animal shelters to play soothing classical music to the dogs living there. She says any musician can do the same.
“You do not have to be a virtuoso to play music which calms shelter dogs. What dogs are most calmed by is low and slow music,” she writes on her website, Cello 4 Dogs.
According to a recent study, classical music does indeed slow canine heart rate and lower the cortisol levels of dogs in a kennel environment.
So far, Wallace has performed over a dozen times at shelters around her hometown in Des Moines, Iowa and hopes others will be inspired to do the same.
We hope so, too!
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Diagnosing eye problems in your pet
One of the most common online questions I get is about various eye complaints that may be bothering a dog or cat. Many animal guardians will write or call to say their pet has squinty, itchy, red eyes, with often thick or runny eye discharge, and sometimes little growths around the eyes. While I can often more confidently make at-home suggestions for other common problems like skin or digestive tract issues, it is often difficult to accurately suggest at home eye treatments for animal guardians without a proper veterinary exam and consultation first.
Corneal abrasions and/or ulcers are amongst the most common conditions seen, especially in the brachiocephalic breeds like Shih Tzus, Pugs, and Boston Terriers which can result in many of the common symptoms mentioned here. In cats, viral infections such as feline rhinotracheitis or feline herpes virus are commonly involved with eye symptoms, as well as upper respiratory symptoms such as sneezing and nose and eye discharge. Corneal ulcers need immediate and emergency veterinary care, as if not treated quickly and urgently, some ulcers will spread rapidly and even involve deeper structures of the eye, resulting in what is sometimes known as a melting corneal ulcer or descemetocele.
Early treatment for most corneal ulcers with topical antibiotics, antiviral medications, or topical antispasmodic medications such as Atropine can be resolved fairly easily. However, deeper ulcers and/or those that don’t respond well to early medical treatment sometimes need surgical therapy. Red eyes can also be a sign of glaucoma in a pet or even deeper middle eye or retinal problems, which if not treated quickly can result in blindness. It is for these reasons that if any animal guardian writes or calls me with questions surrounding an eye problem in their pet, that I always recommend an immediate veterinary exam for proper diagnosis and the best possible treatment outcome.
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Figure Out How To Live Without Any Anxiety
Anxiety is a problem that numerous people have to deal with today. In many cases unnecessary worry which leads to many stress is the thing that causes you to definitely feel anxious. You must change how you will think in order to help avoid issues. The next article contains several tips to help you to think more positively.
To assist you decrease your anxiety symptoms, keep a journal of all the events or conditions that cause you to anxious through the day. Refer back to these events to see the way that they actually transpired. You may realize that you are often imagining a worst case scenario which will not transpire.
If you are affected by an anxiety attack, you might be inclined to self-medicate yourself with medications or alcohol. This is actually the last thing you must do. It may seem to work well for quite a while, but it may cause long term troubles with drug abuse and alcoholism.
When anxiety gets the greater of you, acquire some exercise. Exercise boosts levels of brain chemicals like serotonin, and dopamine, which help you sense happier and a lot more relaxed. Exercising may also be an excellent stress-reliever, and cutting your stress can simply have positive impacts on your own anxiety levels.
If you’re one of the many that suffer from persistent anxiety, go to your doctor. There are actually a number of advances in treatments and medication, so there ought to be something on the market which can help you. Receive the treatment you want by visiting your local doctor or physician.
Should you begin to feel an anxiety attack coming on while you are driving, pull over as well as prevent your vehicle, as soon as possible. Try taking some deep breaths, close your eyesight, and watch for it to pass. Panic and anxiety attacks are normal when you are on the wheel and also have been proven to cause accidents.
Manage your emotions. How you will feel can frequently cause anxiety. Upon having the discipline to regulate your emotions, you may eliminate anxiety. You might have to learn to emotionally detach yourself from feelings to acquire power over all your other worries and eliminate anxiety once and for all.
A great way to remove your anxiety is always to purchase a snack that you prefer. When you start to feel a lttle bit anxious, one of the best methods to calm yourself, is to create your taste buds happy. If you help make your taste buds happy, your stomach is happy, and after that you’re happy.
Try not to watch this news often. Often, the news is filled with all kinds of negative stories, about occurrences in your town, and round the world. While confronting anxiety, you do not need to feed the anxiety anymore negative issues to dwell on. Switch off the TV, pick up a lighthearted book to see instead.
Starting a gratitude journal can greatly assist to help you handle your anxiety. Make a note of things you are thankful for each and every day, and elaborate up to you can. This provides you what you should refer returning to while you are handling your anxiety. A journal can certainly help you concentrate on exactly what is most significant throughout these times.
Learn how to use positive affirmations to assist you to along with your anxiety. This may include motivational poetry, upbeat songs or maybe simple phrases that help you feel good about yourself. Sit back and consider how you will would like your day to travel and do what you should do to make it a reality.
Find out more about anxiety, and just how it might be affecting you personally. Just having terms to explain your problem can really help you are feeling better and may even be all of the motivation you need to face and fight the fear. Anxiety is too debilitating a disease for taking lying down, so educate anyone to further action.
To overcome any situation in which anxiety rears its head within a seemingly debilitating manner, do the best to characterize the specific situation you happen to be facing as something a lot more positive than you ordinarily might. By viewing a stressful situation as a valuable possibility to gain personal strength, you will find it far easier to take care of than it will ordinarily have been.
Try to keep moving each day. When you are sitting at the office, attempt to exercise on the break. Even just standing upright can help get the blood moving. While you are in your house, make sure that you also stay active. Go for a number of walks and don’t just sit while watching television. Although you may need relaxation, to most of it may have a bad influence on you and it may lead to higher degrees of anxiety.
Go outside for among the finest free therapies accessible for treating anxiety and depression. The sun can be a necessary part of any treatment for anxiety. It supplies the body with Vitamin D and also has a good effect on the brain. A lot of people become depressed in the winter months with no sun, so whenever you can, get outside and appreciate some free therapy.
Make an effort to develop healthier eating routine. Begin your entire day the correct way by consuming some breakfast, then keep going with small, frequent meals throughout your day. Going without eating for too much time through the day can cause your blood sugar levels to reduce, that will make you sense a lot more anxious.
Look for information about various beverages you can enjoy to handle your anxiety. A cupful of chamomile tea can lower levels of stress and promote relaxation. Consider drinking some chamomile tea today and discover whether it reduces your feelings of anxiety.
As you can see in the above article, for most people, anxiety is caused by worrying about things you cannot control. If you know how to change your thoughts from negative to positive, it is possible to overcome your fears. Apply the recommendation using this article to assist you make changes in your life that can have you ever thinking more positively.
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It’s no secret that the economy hasn’t been particularly kind to Millennials over the past decade. However, despite many challenges, a handful of Millennials have managed to not only retire early, but they’ve done so in a rather spectacular fashion. While most Millennials don’t have an established plan for when they reach the average age of retirement at 63, some are living large with international travel, adventurous activities, and luxurious lifestyles.
More people are living longer in recent years, which means more people living longer into their retirement years. According to the Institute on Aging, by 2010, 5.5 million Americans lived to the age of 85 or older. By 2050, this 85+ age group will climb to 19 million Americans, or 5% of the total population. With life expectancy climbing faster than average wages, how can Millennials plan to retire? How can those hoping to retire early make the most of their work-free lives?
Know What You Need For Now
Today’s generation of young adults is shaking up countless industries with their spending patterns, and this may actually prove beneficial for their long-term prospects. Millennials are far less likely to be frivolous with their spending, instead focusing on purchases that contribute more to their long-term quality of life. A way to adapt this frugal mindset into one that builds for better retirement is to prioritize purchases that will have a long-term impact on your lifestyle. Skip the extra meal or two out, and instead put that money towards retirement savings.
Focus On Independence
Now more than ever, young adults are focusing on their needs above those of their employer. While this may not seem incredibly radical, most members of previous generations approached employment quite differently. Instead of sticking with a single company for years at a time and hoping for growth, Millennials are actively seeking out better positions with increased pay and benefits.
By not tying themselves to a single company or employer, Millennials are keeping their options open and are making decisions that will better their own financial preparedness. A whopping 69% of Millennials consider themselves to be adventurous, and this is well-reflected in their approach to career or job choice. If you’re looking to retire as soon as possible, it might be to your benefit to look for a career change. You may end up earning more elsewhere rather than waiting for a promotion.
Enjoy Yourself When You Get There
Finally, while you’re making a plan and saving for retirement, figure out what activities and lifestyle you want to save up for. Having a more concrete plan of the lifestyle you want to have when you retire will allow you to better understand your budget in the future.
If you’re looking to travel, you’ll need to have a larger amount set aside for retirement. If you’re worried about how much your lifestyle will cost, consider picking up hobbies you can include in your retirement that aren’t as expensive. For example, if you’re a fan of the great outdoors, you might want to take up fishing, as it can be done alongside travel and other lifestyle changes. In 2017, more than 49 million Americans participated in freshwater, saltwater and fly fishing. Whatever you want your retirement to include, work on planning well ahead. This will ensure you have what you need to live the life you want.
Planning for retirement and saving money can be difficult, but focusing your finances on your future wellbeing can help. How do you plan to spend your retirement years? How do you intend to save up for the future?
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Thinking About Thinking: the 3 keys to get beyond either/or thinking
Do we ever think about what we think, why we think that way or how we can think better? That would require a lot of thinking about thinking but it is so important that we make time and space to do this. In times of change and with increased pressure on resources and time, the importance of thinking clearly, critically, and creatively has huge implications. With our leaders, newscasts and modern social discourse increasingly becoming split into the two groups of those who are “right” and those who are “wrong”, we have to learn to consciously challenge this “either/or” thinking, and try to become comfortable with the nuances, the grey areas and the unknown. Simply put, the better we think the better we can perform and the better our relationships can be at work and in life. Bill will share the 3 keys that work for him.
- Why so we need to get beyond either/or and the error of polarity in our world and how do we go about doing that?
- What is the most effective way to understand how our mind works?
- What are some of the cognitive biases that work against clear non-binary thinking?
- Why do we repeat mistakes?
- How can we make our imaginations work for us?
- What questions should we be exploring together right now, right here?
- A new way of seeing the flow that is the river of our experience.
- A better understanding of how our thinking process works and how we can use this understanding as we move forward.
- A more effective way of communicating with ourselves and with others about what we think and why.
- We will learn how to craft skillful, useful, effective questions that connect us and celebrate those connections.
- We will see how to think about change and learn to be change agents and not change victims.
- We will move from either/Or to broader ways of thinking on a continuum of considerations during times of change.
- A deep understanding of the three keys to get beyond either/or thinking; understanding your mind, knowing your bubble, and how to ask critical wise questions.
- Planning effective cold thinking for hot thinking moments
- We will think about thinking more intentionally more often and more effectively.
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All of the women in the Bible who couldn’t have children mourned deeply. Their own bodies were betraying them. Their monthly periods reminded them of this fact. Women were created with ovaries, wombs, eggs, fallopian tubes, and breasts. They were created to bear children. Women today who are barren and want children mourn deeply.
Most women in the Bible had lives that revolved around being wives and mothers. There was no birth control. They needed husbands for protection and provision. Yes, there were exceptions but the norm was being wives and mothers, since most women became mothers once married.
Here’s a post I share frequently for those who are single or barren. Women were created to nurture, and God didn’t mean nurture pets.
“Notwithstanding she shall be saved in childbearing, if they continue in faith and charity and holiness with sobriety” (1 Timothy 2:15). Contrary to popular opinion, God did create women to bear children. Does this verse mean that childbearing saves us? No, it means that childbearing is our role that God has given to us, but what saves us is continuing in faith. It’s faith that saves us; faith in Jesus Christ and what He did for us. But childbearing is God’s design for women. Before birth control, women knew and understood this. It didn’t need to be taught, and it wasn’t mocked like it is today.
He maketh the barren woman to keep house, and to be a joyful mother of children. Praise ye the LORD.
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A Practical Introduction to Serial Protocols
This chapter discusses how addressing information, control information, and data are encapsulated in a serial packet or frame. It shows the bit-level detail of an IEEE 802.3 Ethernet frame, an IP packet, and a TCP packet and shows how these protocols are used to create a sample protocol stack. The GNU-licensed and Windows-based application Packetyzer is used to explore a sample TCP/IP packet contained in an Ethernet frame. Once the student has studied the material of this chapter and has completed the hands-on experiment, he or she will have the skills to examine any packet or frame and, using the description of its protocol, extract the details of the message.
Tarnoff, David. 2006. A Practical Introduction to Serial Protocols. Tools for Teaching Computer Networking and Hardware Concepts. 319-337. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-735-5.ch017 ISBN: 9781591407355
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Enter the world of science as Bill Bryson unmasks the mysteries of the universe.Did you know that: - Every atom in your body has almost certainly passed through several stars and been part of millions of organisms on its way to being you? - If you are an average-sized kid, you have enough potential energy inside you to explode with the force of several hydrogen bombs? And--What happened to dinosaurs? How big is the universe? Why are oceans salty? Is a meteor going to hit us? Tackling everything from the Big Bang to the rise of civilization, Bill Bryson's inimitable storytelling skill makes the why, how, and, just as importantly, the who of scientific discovery entertaining and accessible for young readers.
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Sec. Respiratory Physiology and Pathophysiology
Regional Differences in Mucociliary Clearance in the Upper and Lower Airways
- 1Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- 2Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
As the nasal cavity is the portal of entry for inspired air in mammals, this region is exposed to the highest concentration of inhaled particulate matter and pathogens, which must be removed to keep the lower airways sterile. Thus, one might expect vigorous removal of these substances via mucociliary clearance (MCC) in this region. We have investigated the rate of MCC in the murine nasal cavity compared to the more distal airways (trachea). The rate of MCC in the nasal cavity (posterior nasopharynx, PNP) was ∼3–4× greater than on the tracheal wall. This appeared to be due to a more abundant population of ciliated cells in the nasal cavity (∼80%) compared to the more sparsely ciliated trachea (∼40%). Interestingly, the tracheal ventral wall exhibited a significantly lower rate of MCC than the tracheal posterior membrane. The trachealis muscle underlying the ciliated epithelium on the posterior membrane appeared to control the surface architecture and likely in part the rate of MCC in this tracheal region. In one of our mouse models (Bpifb1 KO) exhibiting a 3-fold increase in MUC5B protein in lavage fluid, MCC particle transport on the tracheal walls was severely compromised, yet normal MCC occurred on the tracheal posterior membrane. While a blanket of mucus covered the surface of both the PNP and trachea, this mucus appeared to be transported as a blanket by MCC only in the PNP. In contrast, particles appeared to be transported as discrete patches or streams of mucus in the trachea. In addition, particle transport in the PNP was fairly linear, in contrast transport of particles in the trachea often followed a more non-linear route. The thick, viscoelastic mucus blanket that covered the PNP, which exhibited ∼10-fold greater mass of mucus than did the blanket covering the surface of the trachea, could be transported over large areas completely devoid of cells (made by a breach in the epithelial layer). In contrast, particles could not be transported over even a small epithelial breach in the trachea. The thick mucus blanket in the PNP likely aids in particle transport over the non-ciliated olfactory cells in the nasal cavity and likely contributes to humidification and more efficient particle trapping in this upper airway region.
The nasal cavity provides the first line of defense in clearing inhaled air of particulate matter and pathogens that could affect the sterility and health of the lower airways. Indeed, the nasal cavity has been described as the “scrubbing tower” for the lower airways (Brain, 1970). Without the protection provided by the nasal cavity, the lower airways would be exposed to a much higher burden of harmful toxins and pathogens that could ultimately compromise air/blood gas exchange. Although mucociliary clearance (MCC) plays a critical role in maintaining health throughout the respiratory system, one might expect a more robust MCC in the nasal cavity compared to that of the lower airways. An enhanced MCC could be accomplished in several ways: (1) an increase in density of ciliated cells, (2) an elevated rate of ciliary beat frequency, both of which have been shown to increase the rate of MCC (Smith et al., 2008; Sears et al., 2015; Xu and Jiang, 2015; Chatelin and Poncet, 2016; Leung et al., 2019), and (3) an “optimized” mucus layer (e.g., more favorable composition or concentration of mucins) that is more efficient at trapping deleterious inhaled substances and/or is more effectively cleared by the cilia.
The purpose of this study was to compare the rates of MCC in the murine upper airways (nasal cavity) with those of the lower airways (trachea) to determine if a regional difference in the rate of MCC exists and if so, why. Also, we explored the decades old debate as to whether the mucus secretions in these two regions form a continuous blanket (Lucus and Douglas, 1934) or a discontinuous layer over the epithelia (Morgan et al., 1984). While the main focus of our study was on the murine airways, we also compared some of the findings from the murine trachea with results from the rabbit trachea. Our results demonstrate that the rate of MCC in the murine nasal cavity is significantly (∼3–4×) greater than that in the trachea and this increase likely reflects differences in density of ciliated cells, ciliary beat frequency, and mucus volume between the two regions. We also provide evidence that mucus secretions likely exist as a continuous layer covering the airways epithelia in both regions.
Materials and Methods
All mouse and rabbit studies were approved by the University of North Carolina Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and performed in accordance with the guidelines and regulations governing the use of these laboratory animals. C57/BL1/6N mice, males and females studied at 8–10 weeks of age, were allowed food and water ad libitum until the time of euthanasia. Bpifb1 knockout mice were obtained from the Knockout Mouse Project as previously described (Donoghue et al., 2017). Heterozygous breeding pairs were used to generate homozygous wildtype (WT) and knockout (KO) mice. New Zealand white rabbits (male and female) were studied at >8 weeks of age and allowed food and water ad libitum until the time of study. All animals studied were bred and raised at UNC.
Mucociliary Clearance Measurement
The rate of MCC was measured in the intact nasal cavity [posterior nasopharynx (PNP), nasal region dorsal to the soft palate] as previously described (Ostrowski et al., 2010; Supplementary Figure 1). Briefly, a 35-gauge fused silica cannula (WPI, Sarasota, FL, United States) was used to deposit dry fluorescent beads (3 μm, Polyscience, Warrington, PA, United States) in the anterior nasal cavity of a mouse euthanized ∼2 min previously. The movement of the fluorescent beads through the intact PNP was then visualized under a dissecting scope and recorded. In an attempt to determine if mucus was transported as a continuous blanket or as discontinuous patches or streams, in some preparations, a small incision was made in the PNP (or trachea, see below) and fluorescent beads were directly aerosolized onto the epithelial surface of the preparation for 3–5 s (see Rogers et al., 2018 for a description of aerosolization apparatus), Supplementary Figure 2. The temperature of all preparations was closely monitored using a temperature probe (T Type insect probe, Physitemp Inst. Clifton, NJ, United States) placed alongside the trachea or posterior nasopharynx. The output from the temperature probe was displayed digitally on a Physitemp TCAT-2ac Controller and a small ceramic heater (Wuhostam, China) positioned close to the preparation was used to maintain the temperature of the preparation at the desired level (usually 37°C maintained within ±0.1°C).
Mucociliary clearance was measured in the intact trachea as previously described (Rogers et al., 2018). Briefly, this was done by a 5-min aerosolization of 200 nm fluorescent beads (Vitrogen, Eugene, OR, United States) into the nares of an anesthetized (3% isoflurane) mouse breathing normally though its nose. The mouse was then quickly euthanized by severing the abdominal aorta, the muscles covering the trachea were removed and the fluorescent beads were tracked on the ventral wall through the closed, intact trachea (Rogers et al., 2018) (It should be noted that the 200 nm beads were too small to be individually visualized by our system. However, the beads quickly clump into larger groups of particles on the airway surface which are easily visualized and tracked). The smaller beads were used for tracheal MCC as they more readily passed through the mesh of our aerosol generator. We found no effect of particle size on the rate of MCC (Rogers et al., 2018). To measure MCC on the tracheal posterior membrane, a small incision was made in the ventral tracheal wall and the beads on the posterior membrane were visualized through this incision. The opened preparations were continually humidified by placing the output from a HM500 ultrasonic humidifier within 5 cm of the preparation so that a cloud of humidity continually enveloped the preparation. In all studies the mice were euthanized by severing the abdominal aorta while on a surgical anesthetic plane induced with 3% isoflurane. In all studies different mice were used for the tracheal and PNP measurements.
For validation of concepts, MCC was also measured on the posterior membrane in a small group of rabbits. See Supplementary Methods.
Tissues for light microscopic analysis were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, and thin sections were cut and processed for staining with H&E, AB, PAS, or Richardson’s stain. For electron microscopy, tracheas and tissue from posterior nasopharynx were carefully removed, and processed as previously (Grubb et al., 2007). Sections for cilial length determination were stained with H&E and examined at 40× magnification.
The % ciliated cells lining the epithelial surface of the trachea and nasopharynx were determined by counting the total number of ciliated cells in high-magnification micrographs of histological cross sections of the trachea or nasopharynx. This number was divided by the total number of cells counted along the basement membrane of each respective tissue type and multiplied by 100. Approximately 200 total cells were counted in nasopharynx or the trachea from each mouse.
Measurement of Ciliary Beat Frequency
Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was measured in situ in the upper airways (intact nasopharynx) or lower airways (intact trachea) of the mouse immediately after euthanasia. Most of the published studies on CBF involve removal of the tissue from the animal or study CBF in cultured tissue. In contrast, the in situ method described herein may more closely resemble the in vivo situation, as the region of interest is not opened to ambient air, thus preserving humidity and the native airway surface milieu. The nasopharyngeal region was prepared for CBF measurement as previously described for mucociliary clearance measurements (Ostrowski et al., 2010). A thin layer of water-equilibrated mineral oil was layered over the intact ventral surface of the exposed intact PNP and covered with plastic wrap to prevent evaporation (see Supplementary Figures 1A,B). A similar procedure was used for tracheal preparations. To measure CBF, these preparations were placed immediately after euthanization under a dissecting scope (10× magnification) outfitted with a digital camera (Basler, Germany) interfaced to a computer using Basler image acquisition software. The preparation was lighted with a DC high intensity red LED (655 nm); Luxeon making light reflected from the beating cilia easily seen. Temperature was maintained as described for MCC measurements. To minimize vibrations that interfered with CBF measurements, the scope was placed on an air table (TMC, Peabody, MA, United States). For both preparations, it took approximately 3 min from the time of euthanasia until the preparation was under the scope and data acquisition commenced. CBF was measured for a 2 s period at 10, 15, 20, and 25 min after euthanasia. The data were collected at 100 frames/s and analyzed by Sisson-Ammons Video Analysis (SAVA) software as previously described (Sisson et al., 2003; Sears et al., 2015). To validate our in situ CBF method, we first studied CBF in both nasopharyngeal and tracheal preparations as they were cooled from ∼37 to 10°C. We observed that both preparations exhibited a fairly linear decrease in CBF with temperature (Supplementary Figure 3) as previously reported (Sears et al., 2015).
Quantitative Comparison of Mucus in Nose vs. Trachea of the Mouse
To quantitatively compare the amount of secreted mucus in the posterior nasopharynx to the trachea, we used the recently published method of Esther et al. (2017) comparing the mass of sialic acid (a surrogate marker for mucins) measured by mass spectrometry. To collect samples, we opened the region of interest and gently placed a small nitrocellulose filter (5 mm × 0.8 mm cut to size using a CO2 laser) on the apical surface of the tissue (dorsal wall of posterior nasopharynx, lateral wall or posterior membrane of the trachea). The paper strips were left in place for 3 min during which time the opened region was covered with moistened paper and plastic wrap to preserve humidity. The sialic acid and urea concentrations were measured on samples eluted from the filter paper and serum urea was measured from a blood sample drawn immediately after euthanasia as previously described by Esther et al. (2017). We corrected recovery of samples on the filter paper strip by comparing urea on the filter paper to serum urea (filter paper sialic acid × serum urea)/filter paper urea and the corrected sialic acid concentrations are reported.
All data are shown as means ± SEM. When comparing two groups, a student’s t-test was used. If more than two groups were compared, a one-way ANOVA was used; a two-way ANOVA was used to analyze CBF data. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Rate of MCC in the Posterior Nasopharynx and in the Trachea
To compare the rate of MCC in the upper airways (nasal cavity-posterior nasopharynx) with that of the lower airways (trachea), we determined the rate of MCC in the intact murine posterior nasopharynx in situ to be ∼14.4 ± 1.4 mm/min (Figure 1A), in agreement to our earlier studies (Grubb et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2018; Yin et al., 2019). The rate of MCC measured on the intact ventral tracheal wall was significantly less than that measured in the intact nasopharynx, 3.28 ± 0.39 (Figure 1A).
Figure 1. Mucociliary clearancein the murine posterior nasopharynx (PNP) and trachea (wall region subtended by cartilage) and posterior membrane (non-cartilaginous regions subtended by trachealis muscle). (A) Data from intact preparations and (B) data from open preparations. Data are shown as means ± SEM. N = 10 mice for PNP and n = 8 mice for both tracheal wall and posterior membrane. **p ≤ 0.001 MCC in PNP compared to tracheal wall or tracheal posterior membrane. *p ≤ 0.05 tracheal wall vs tracheal posterior membrane.
In contrast to the PNP where the architecture is uniform around the circumference of the region, this is not the case for the trachea. The trachea can be divided into two distinct regions: (1) the walls (ventral and lateral) and (2) the posterior membrane (the dorsal wall). While both tracheal regions are populated with ciliated and club cells, the ventral and lateral walls are found only in the cartilaginous region of the trachea. The tracheal cartilage form an incomplete ring and the discontinuous ends of each ring are connected by the trachealis muscle, thus forming the tracheal posterior membrane (Miller, 1913; Grubb et al., 2016). The posterior membrane, attached to the trachealis muscle is covered with an epithelial layer similar to the ventral and lateral walls of the tracheas. The tracheal walls were subjected to minimal perturbation during dissection and most easily imaged allowing measurements of MCC in the intact trachea. However, due to its anatomical location, it was not possible to measure MCC on the posterior membrane of the intact trachea by our technique. However, when the trachea was opened along the ventral surface and MCC measured on the posterior membrane, the rate of MCC was found to be significantly greater on the tracheal posterior membrane than on the ventral tracheal wall (Figure 1B) but still significantly less than the MCC measured in the PNP. The rate of MCC that we measured for the walls of the opened tracheal preparations, was slightly less than we measured in the intact preparations. Therefore the results from the wall of the opened preparations (Figure 1B) are compared to the results for the posterior membrane (also an opened preparation).
Characteristics of MCC in the PNP and the Trachea
Visualization of particle transport revealed differences in transport patterns between the upper and lower airway. In the intact PNP, the beads distributed throughout the PNP, and viewed through the basolateral side of the ciliated epithelial layer appeared to all be transported at about the same rate and to coalesce into discrete rafts of beads (Supplementary Video 1). To assess whether formation of the mucus/bead rafts was a property of MCC in the PNP or a phenomenon that occurred when beads were introduced via the anterior nasal cavity, beads were aerosolized directly on the ciliated cells of the opened PNP. In these experiments, the beads did not form large rafts of beads and moved linearly toward the epiglottis at approximately the same rate likely on a blanket of mucus covering the ciliated epithelia (Supplementary Video 2). When direction of transport was analyzed in the intact PNP preparation, the beads appeared to follow linear paths to the oropharynx, Figure 2A.
Figure 2. “Spaghetti” plots from representative tissue (A) nasopharynx and (B) trachea (ventral wall) demonstrating linear tracks of particles in nasopharynx and non-linear tracks of particles in trachea. While individual bead transport cannot be clearly seen in these plots, the over-all pattern of bead transport between the posterior nasopharynx (A) and trachea (B) is very different between the two regions. Data were analyzed and spaghetti plots generated using ImageJ software with TrackMate.
Visualization of particle transport on tracheal walls revealed that beads appeared to move as streams or rafts of beads rather than on uniform blanket of mucus (Supplementary Video 3), similar to what we have previously reported (Rogers et al., 2018). The rafts or streams of beads appeared to flow cephalad, but often were not linear or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the trachea Figure 2B. In addition, beads were often seen to be transported in discrete rafts/continuous streams moving at different rates. As can be seen in the Supplementary Video 3, significant numbers of non-motile adherent groups of beads were commonly observed in the mouse tracheal preparation as described previously (Rogers et al., 2018) (These adherent beads were never observed in the PNP of a normal WT mouse. The non-motile beads were not included in the rate analysis). Transport of beads on the tracheal posterior membrane was visualized via direct aerosolization onto the posterior membrane of an open trachea. In these experiments, the pattern of bead transport on the tracheal posterior membrane appeared different than observed on the wall, with the beads transported linearly more as a continuous stream to the epiglottis (Supplementary Video 4).
To further validate the pattern of MCC on the tracheal wall vs tracheal posterior membrane, we performed similar experiments on the rabbit trachea. The rabbit trachea is anatomically very similar to the mouse trachea in that no submucosal glands are present and the tracheal posterior membrane is anatomically similar to that of the mouse. In addition, the rabbit trachea is much larger than that of the mouse allowing better visualization of both the wall and posterior membrane on the same preparation. The rabbit trachea exhibited the same pattern of transport as seen in the mouse trachea (Supplementary Video 5), with the lateral walls exhibiting a significantly lower rate of MCC than the posterior membrane (Supplementary Figure 4).
In both the mouse and the rabbit tracheal posterior membrane, the particulate matter (fluorescent beads) appeared to flow in linear streams parallel to the long axis of the trachea. We observed that in fixed murine tracheal sections, when the trachealis muscle was markedly contracted, the posterior membrane was compressed and did not appear to be invaginated (Figure 3A). However, when the trachealis muscle was more relaxed and the cartilaginous rings spread farther apart (Figure 3B), deep troughs appeared in the posterior membrane (Figure 3C). While a relaxed trachealis muscle could create invaginations that carry the observed streams of particles, we were not able to directly assess the contractile state of this muscle in the preparations in which we measured MCC.
Figure 3. (A) Histological section (Richardson’s stain) of a fixed murine trachea exhibiting a contracted trachealis muscle-arrows indicates edge of cartilage. (B) Histological section (Richardson’s stain) of a fixed murine trachea exhibiting more relaxation in the trachealis muscle-invaginations of the epithelial layer are evident-arrow at open edges of cartilage. (C) Enhanced magnification of posterior membrane from panel (B) (boxed region). Scale bar (A,B) 200 μm, (C), 20 μm. [Preparations in panels (A,B) were from different mice and not processed at the same time and thus the staining intensity is not identical.]
The importance of the posterior membrane in clearing the trachea of particulate matter was demonstrated in a mouse model in which the gene Bpifb1 was knocked out (Donoghue et al., 2017). The KO mouse exhibited a 3-fold increase in MUC5B protein levels in lung lavage fluid, as well as exhibiting a significant increase in the fraction of intra-luminal airway AB-PAS positive secretions detected histologically (Donoghue et al., 2017), suggesting that the mass/concentration of MUC5B on the tracheal surface was likely increased in Bpif1 KO mice. In addition, in a more recent paper (Donoghue et al., 2020), it was found that the loss of BPIFB11 resulted in a significant increase in complex viscosity in mucus flakes (i.e., the insoluble portion of BALF airway mucus). Thus, the biophysical properties of mucus are likely changed in this KO strain, resulting in a reduced ability to clear mucus. We found that MCC on the tracheal wall (ventral surface) was markedly reduced in Bifb1 KO mice compared to Bpif1 WT mice (Figure 4A; compare Supplementary Videos 6, 7), corroborating previous results (Donoghue et al., 2020) with many of the KO mice exhibiting no bead transport on the ventral wall. Surprisingly, MCC on the tracheal posterior membrane of the KO mouse did not differ from that of the WT mouse (Figure 4B; compare second halves of Supplementary Videos 6, 7). Thus, transport on the tracheal posterior membrane seems more robust than that exhibited by tracheal walls and is effective in clearing particles from the trachea when clearance by the tracheal walls fail. Interestingly, the rate of MCC in the nasopharynx of the Bpifb1 WT mouse [12.6 ± 1.3 mm/min (n = 6)] did not differ significantly from that of the Bpifb1 KO mouse [11.7 ± 1.33 mm/min (n = 6)].
Figure 4. (A) MCC on the tracheal wall of the WT or Bpifb1 KO mouse and (B) MCC on the tracheal posterior membrane of the WT and Bpifb1 KO mouse. N = 10 both genotypes for the tracheal wall **p ≤ 0.001 WT wall vs KO wall. N = 10 for tracheal posterior membrane (WT) and n = 8 posterior membrane KO (In these preparations, it will be noted that the rate of MCC on the posterior membrane is not greater than that on the tracheal wall as we typically observe (Figure 1). This is likely because we measured MCC on the tracheal wall first and we did not open the trachea for posterior membrane measurement until 10–12 min after the wall measurement had been completed. By this time, the MCC on the posterior membrane had slowed slightly (Rogers et al., 2018).
Gross Organization of Mucus on the Surface of Murine Nasopharyngeal and Tracheal Epithelia
In the PNP, beads aerosolized directly on the ciliated surface, moved on a uniform blanket of mucus (see Supplementary Video 2). To test the cohesiveness of this mucus blanket, by careful dissection, we created a small breach in the ciliated epithelial layer on the ventral surface of the PNP (instead of the epithelial layer being completely removed as described above) (Supplementary Figure 2). This maneuver exposed an intact blanket of mucus that stretched across the breached (no epithelia) region. As seen in Supplementary Video 8, the mucus blanket overlaying the area devoid of epithelia, was transported at a similar rate to the beads outside of the breach on the ciliated epithelia. The rate of transport of the mucus blanket across the breached region [10.7 ± 1.7 (7), Figure 5] did not differ significantly from the rate of bead transport by the intact ciliated epithelium [14.3 ± 1.4 (8), Figure 1]. To further demonstrate that a cohesive mucus blanket covered the region where the ciliated epithelia were removed, fluorescent beads were aerosolized directly onto the area devoid of epithelia (The aerosol generator was placed where the oral cavity would have been had the lower jaw not been removed). Again, clearly demonstrating the beads’ movement indicated the mucus blanket was transported over the breached epithelial layer similar to particles in the intact PNP (Supplementary Video 9).
Figure 5. Rate of transport of mucus blanket across region devoid of airway epithelia. N = 5 mice for posterior nasopharynx and n = 6 mice for trachea. **p ≤ 0.001 mucus blanket transport in PNP vs trachea. The rate of transport of the mucus blanket in a region of the PNP devoid of epithelia (this Figure) did not differ significantly from the rate of bead transport on the PNP intact epithelia (Figure 1).
A similar protocol was used to determine if a mucus blanket was present on the epithelia covering the ventral wall of the trachea. The epithelial layer was breached by careful dissection of the tissue in the intercartilagenous region, revealing an intact blanket of mucus covering the breach (Supplementary Video 10). However, unlike the PNP, vectorial transport of beads across this breach was not observed (Note that the length of the blanket of mucus in the breached region of the trachea was about 6-fold less than in the PNP (compare scale bars in Supplementary Video 8 vs Supplementary Video 10), yet the beads were not transported over this small breach in the tracheal epithelia). If beads were aerosolized on the outside of the trachea, over the mucus blanket covered by the breach (equivalent to what was done in the PNP), no vectorial transport was observed (Figure 5 and Supplementary Video 10).
Ciliated Cell Density in Murine Nasopharyngeal and Tracheal Airway Epithelia
We compared ciliated cell density in the murine PNP to that of the trachea and found that the % ciliated cells per region analyzed was significantly greater in the PNP than in the trachea (Figure 6). We found no difference in the % ciliation on the walls of the trachea (41.9 ± 9) compared to the posterior membrane (37.0 ± 9.7). (The tracheal posterior membranes examined histologically for ciliated cell density were similar to those shown in Figure 3A and did not exhibit the marked groves that can be created due to the contractile state of the trachealis muscle see Figures 3B,C) To examine the ciliated PNP and trachea in more detail, excised preparations were examined by scanning and TEM electron microscopy. A scanning EM image of the ciliated PNP epithelia (Figure 7A) compared to that of the trachea wall (Figure 7B) clearly illustrates the sparse ciliation of the trachea compared to the more abundant ciliation of the PNP. In the PNP, the abundant cilia appeared carpet-like, making it difficult to distinguish individual cells, while in the trachea, individual ciliated cells were clearly identifiable (Figure 7B). Transmission electron micrographs demonstrate that in the PNP, the cilia make contact from cell to cell (Figure 7C), whereas in the trachea, there are clearly gaps between the ciliated cells, mainly occupied by club cells (Figure 7D).
Figure 6. Comparison of % ciliated cells on epithelial layer of the circumference of the trachea vs that in the nasopharynx. Data are from the mid region between the epiglottis and the tracheal bifurcation. PNP n = 6 mice, tracheal n = 4 mice, **p ≤ 0.01.
Figure 7. (A) Scanning EM image of murine nasopharynx and (B) trachea wall demonstrating much more sparse ciliation in the trachea. Scale bare is 10 μm. (C) TEM of murine nasopharynx with goblet cell visible between ciliated cells. (D) TEM of murine trachea with club cell visible on the left side of image. Scale bars are 20 μm. (E) Length of cilia in murine nasopharynx vs trachea (n = 6 mice PNP, n = 3 mice trachea).
Cilial Length in Murine Nasopharyngeal and Tracheal Airway Epithelia
To determine if the length of the cilia partially accounted for the increased MCC of the PNP, we measured the length of cilia in the murine PNP and trachea. We found that the length of the cilia did not differ significantly between the PNP and trachea (Figure 7E).
Cilial Beat Frequency in Murine Nasopharynx and Trachea Airway Epithelia
Cilial beat frequency (CBF) was measured in the PNP and trachea to determine if the magnitude of CBF correlated with the rate of MCC. We determined the CBF as a function of time after euthanasia in PNP and trachea maintained at 37°C. For both regions, we measured CBF in seven mice at 5-min intervals beginning 10 min post euthanasia. Six to ten measurements were taken for each mouse at each region/time. As there was no significant effect of time (from 10 to 45 min) on the mean rate of CBF for either the nasopharynx or the trachea (two way-ANOVA), the results from each time interval were averaged and the mean of each region is shown in Figure 8. The CBF was slightly, but significantly greater (∼20%) in the PNP, suggesting that this may partially account for the increased MCC in the nasal cavity.
Figure 8. Ciliary beat frequency in nasopharynx vs trachea (n = 7 mice, each region) PNP vs trachea. **p ≤ 0.01.
Mucus Mass in Nasopharynx and Trachea
To determine if the mass of mucus present on the surface differed between the upper and lower airways, we used sialic acid as an index of mucus mass as previously described (Esther et al., 2017). Samples were collected on filter papers and analyzed by mass spectrometry. The absolute mass of sialic acid (corrected for recovery by serum urea, see section “Materials and Methods”) recovered from the PNP was ∼10-fold greater than recovered in the trachea (Figure 9). There was no significant difference in the mass of sialic acid recovered between the walls and the posterior membrane of the trachea (Figure 9).
Figure 9. Mass of sialic acid recovered on filter paper strips placed in the nasopharynx or trachea (wall or posterior membrane) n = 9 mice/group. ≤ 0.001 PNP vs tracheal wall or tracheal posterior membrane. **p ≤ 0.001.
Mucociliary clearance, effected by the coordinated beating of cilia, is the first line of defense to maintain pulmonary health and is responsible for clearing both the upper (nasal cavity) and lower airways of mucus, particulate matter and pathogens. The absence of effective MCC, in diseases such as primary ciliary dyskinesia and cystic fibrosis, leads to frequent and severe pulmonary infections, causing significant morbidity and mortality (Boat et al., 1989; Donaldson and Boucher, 2003; Rowe et al., 2005; Eden et al., 2019). Since the nasal cavity is the port of entry of ambient air to the respiratory tract, it might be expected that a more vigorous MCC system may be present in the nose where the largest burden of inhaled particulate matter and pathogens would be found. By the time the inspired air has reached the trachea, it has been warmed, humidified and much of the inhaled particulate matter and noxious gases have been removed (Brain, 1970; Williams et al., 1996; Karamaoun et al., 2018).
We have previously reported that MCC in the nasal cavity of WT mice can be measured by tracking the movement of fluorescent beads deposited in the intact nasal cavity and have demonstrated that the rate of MCC measured in the PNP is sensitive to genetic modifications of the MCC system (Ostrowski et al., 2010; Roy et al., 2014). We now report that the rate of MCC in the murine nasal cavity (posterior nasopharynx) was ∼4× fold faster than in the trachea. Numerus factors can influence the rate of MCC, including cilial length, waveform, beat frequency, density, mucus composition, concentration and rheology (Button et al., 2012; Sears et al., 2015; Chatelin and Poncet, 2016; Kikuchi et al., 2017; Mall et al., 2020). In addition, the regulation of ion and fluid transport that regulates the hydration of the airway surface layer, is critical for effective MCC, as illustrated by the severe defects of MCC in cystic fibrosis patients (Boat et al., 1989; Rowe et al., 2005; Button et al., 2012; Boucher, 2019).
With respect to airway hydration and its role in MCC, our prior studies in mice (Grubb et al., 1994, 2001, 2007; Rock et al., 2009; Ostrowski et al., 2010) suggest no major differences in the basal short-circuit current, nor the responses to amiloride or forskolin in the trachea compared to the nasopharynx. However the tracheal response to UTP (TMEM 16A response) is markedly enhanced compared to that in the PNP (Grubb et al., 1994, 2001, 2007; Rock et al., 2009; Ostrowski et al., 2010), suggesting that the tracheal epithelia likely have an enhanced ability to secrete liquid as a result of nucleotide stimulation compared to the surface epithelial of the PNP. Since the nasal cavity is responsible for humidifying the inspired air, secretions from the numerous submucosal glands (absent in all but the uppermost murine trachea), likely contribute to the overall liquid homeostasis of this region.
In our study, as cilial length did not differ significantly between the two regions, thus we have eliminated it from the list of potential sources of MCC differences in the two regions. CBF was found to be significantly greater (∼20%) in the PNP compared to the trachea, but prior studies suggest this change would only increase MCC by 15–20% (Sears et al., 2015), not nearly enough to account for the difference in the rate of MCC we routinely measured in the two regions.
One of the easiest factors to reconcile the difference in the rate of MCC between the two regions is ciliary density. In the mouse, the nasal epithelium (posterior nasopharynx) has about twice the density of ciliated cells (∼80% ciliation) as has the trachea (∼40% ciliation). There are numerous reports in the literature documenting that the murine trachea is very sparsely ciliated [30–37% (Pack et al., 1980; Klein et al., 2009; Kiyota et al., 2014)] and that ciliated cells in the trachea are found in scattered patches (Pack et al., 1980). In fact, Pack et al. (1980) commented that in the murine trachea the ciliated cells “were so far apart that is difficult to envisage how such a mucous sheet would be propelled.” As it has been previously shown that there is a positive correlation between cilial density and the rate of MCC (Smith et al., 2008; Xu and Jiang, 2015; Chatelin and Poncet, 2016; Leung et al., 2019), it is likely that the difference in the rate of MCC between the PNP and trachea is in large part a result of significantly more abundant ciliated cells in the PNP. Additionally, this likely explains the circuitous route (non-linear) that beads/mucus follows during MCC in the trachea, compared to the linear paths observed in the PNP. However, especially with respect to the trachea, the number of ciliated cells per basement membrane is not the only determinant of MCC because the MCC rate is significantly greater on the tracheal posterior membrane than the tracheal wall, yet the number of ciliated cells did not appear to differ between these anatomic regions in the mouse (see section “Discussion”).
Our study also helps to address the long standing controversy over whether the surface of airways is covered with a continuous mucus blanket (Iravani and As Van, 1972; Sturgess, 1977; Morgan et al., 1984) with some reporting a continuous mucus blanket covering the lower airways (Sturgess, 1977) and nasal cavity (Morgan et al., 1984) and others reporting no mucus blanket on the lower airways (Iravani and As Van, 1972). Others have noted the mucus covering the lower airways of rats and mice is non-homogenous in composition and thickness (Sims and Horne, 1997; Ehre et al., 2012; Fakih et al., 2020). Iravani and Melville (1975) have reported “flakes” or continuous rivers of mucus streams being transported in lower airway preparations in a variety of species, yet they reported no “blanket” of mucus being present. In a recent paper Fakih et al. (2020) reported that in an ex vivo murine tracheal preparation, mucus was transported as discontinuous “clouds” on the tracheal surface, which appeared to be devoid of a blanket of mucus. In the present study we have demonstrated that both the PNP and the tracheal epithelia appear to be covered with a cohesive visco-elastic layer, which we term a “mucus blanket.” While we did not directly measure the composition of this mucus blanket, it is likely different in the nasal cavity compared to the trachea. Mucus in the nasal cavity is composed of both MUC5B and MUC5AC and probably other mucins and proteins secreted by the various glands present in this tissue (Roy et al., 2014). In the lower airways, the prominent source of mucus are the club cells in the surface epithelium and MUC5B is the main secreted mucin (Evans et al., 2004; Young et al., 2007; Davis and Dickey, 2008; Zhu et al., 2008; Fahy and Dickey, 2010; Okuda et al., 2019; Fakih et al., 2020). Thus, we have demonstrated that in the PNP particles are cleared on a moving mucus blanket that can be pulled over large areas completely devoid of cilia (This is likely the mechanism of mucus transport over the olfactory epithelia which are devoid of motile cilia). In contrast in the trachea, the visco-elastic blanket does not appear to move, and particles are cleared in rafts or streams of mucus, similar to what has been demonstrated in the isolated murine trachea (Fakih et al., 2020).
It was interesting that the murine trachea walls did not appear to effectively transport particles directly aerosolized on the tracheal walls (Supplementary Video 4) yet beads aerosolized via nasal inhalation yielded streams or rafts of beads (and presumably mucus) that were transported cephalad (although not necessarily linearly) on the tracheal walls (Supplementary Video 3). It may be that the individual beads aerosolized directly onto the tracheal surface landed on areas too sparsely ciliated for effective MCC. However, the beads nasally inhaled and distally deposited may have induced mucus secretion producing larger aggregates of beads/mucus which than could be cleared. However, even in the normal murine trachea we often observed stationary plaques of beads that failed to be transported. Many others (Brownstein, 1987; Donnelley et al., 2014; Roy et al., 2014; Veres et al., 2017; Rogers et al., 2018) also noted “stagnant” mucus on the walls of lower airway preparations similar to what we have observed in the trachea.
The tracheal posterior membrane in both the mouse and rabbit exhibited a significantly greater rate of MCC than did the tracheal ventral wall. In the mouse, the tracheal posterior membrane was able to transport particles under conditions that were not favorable to wall transport (Bpifb1 KO mice). Whereas others have reported more ciliation on the posterior membrane in the hamster (Gabridge et al., 1977) and more mucus on the rat’s posterior membrane (based on histological images) (Sims and Horne, 1997), we found neither more cilia [measured when the posterior membrane was more contracted (Figure 3A)], nor a greater mass of mucus on the posterior membrane in the mouse compared to the tracheal walls (Figure 9). Because the posterior membrane is attached to the underlying trachealis smooth muscle, innervated by the parasympathetic nerves, it would be expected that changes in muscle contractility due to cholinergic stimulation would alter the surface architecture of the posterior membrane. Indeed, longitudinal “rugae” formed by changes in contractility of the trachealis muscle have been reported (Miller, 1913). Studies have demonstrated spontaneous contractile activity of the trachealis muscle both in vivo and in vitro (Widdicombe, 1963; Souhrada and Dickey, 1976) and it was speculated that this activity might have a role in mucus elimination (Souhrada and Dickey, 1976). An early paper reported that, depending on the degree of contraction of the trachealis muscle, the posterior membrane can exert a “squeegee effect” whereby liquid on the tracheal wall is pushed (or pulled) onto the posterior membrane (Coburn, 1972) and from there transported cephalad. While the invaginations themselves are not visible at the magnification used to image the trachea in our MCC studies, these “lines” resulting from an accumulation of beads (especially the rabbit tracheal preparations, Supplementary Video 5) are likely the valleys created by the rugae. Others have shown that there appears to be “streaming” on the posterior membrane and particles tended to move from the tracheal walls to the posterior membrane (Asmundsson and Kilburn, 1970). Similarly, our studies demonstrate that beads aerosolized onto the walls and posterior membrane tend to travel from the tracheal wall toward the posterior membrane and the beads are then carried cephalad in longitudinal lines. When the posterior membrane is overwhelmed with particulate matter (Supplementary Videos 6, 7), these streams are obscured, and the entire tracheal posterior membrane is covered with beads/mucus which are transported cephalad. At this point, we have not investigated the mechanism by which the posterior membrane has an increased rate of MCC compared to the tracheal wall or exhibits a more robust MCC compared to the tracheal walls in Bpifb1 KO mice. The fraction of total MCC due to posterior membrane transport versus that of the tracheal walls has also not been determined and will require further study. Clearly the tracheal posterior membrane can transport a substantial volume of mucus under conditions in which tracheal wall transport fails (see Figure 4 and Supplementary Videos 6, 7). This ability of the tracheal posterior membrane to transport particles is likely very dynamic and influenced by the contractile state of the trachealis muscle.
It has been well established that the quantity and composition of mucus lining the airways can have a profound effect on the rate of MCC, and in the mouse, MCC in both the upper and lower airways is very sensitive to alterations in the quantity and composition of the mucus (Button et al., 2012; Roy et al., 2014; Grubb et al., 2016; Hancock et al., 2018). Others have shown that as the mucus concentration increases, the rate of cilial transport is reduced (Button et al., 2012; Sears et al., 2015). In addition, we have found that a reduced level or complete absence of MUC5B results in a significant impairment of tracheal and nasal MCC (Roy et al., 2014; Grubb et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2018). Interestingly, in some mouse models (Chen et al., 2018), while a reduced (but not absent) level of MUC5B significantly reduced the rate of MCC in the lower airways, the rate of MCC in the nasal cavity was not affected (Chen et al., 2018). We (Rogers et al., 2018) and others (Hancock et al., 2018) have noted that an increased mass/concentration of MUC5B or an increased mass of particulate matter in the murine lower airways results in a marked decrease in tracheal MCC, yet the MCC in the nasal cavity was unaffected (Rogers et al., 2018).
In the PNP, the mucus layer (and thus presumably the blanket) had a significantly greater mass of sialic acid, a surrogate marker of mucins, compared to the trachea. This suggests a significantly greater volume of mucus in the PNP which aligns with our observations that the quantity of mucus is great enough in the PNP such that it can sometimes be plucked off with forceps. In addition, when the filter papers used in sialic acid collection were removed from the PNP, a string of mucus was often attached to the filter paper. In contrast, in the trachea, the epithelial surface appeared fairly dry, and mucus could never be removed with forceps, nor was it ever visually observed attached to the filter paper strips. The increased mucus mass in the PNP is likely derived from the contributions of the nasal glands (anterior), submucosal glands, Bowman’s glands (olfactory) and goblet cells, which are abundant in the nasal cavity but largely absent from the trachea. In contrast to rafts/streams of mucus, an extensive blanket of mucus would provide a greater surface for particle trapping which would be beneficial in the nasal cavity. However, it has been suggested that a blanket of mucus would be difficult to transport from the small distal airways having a larger surface area to the larger airways, having a much smaller surface area (Fakih et al., 2020). The murine distal airways appear to have over-come this problem by transporting mucus in rafts/streams of mucus rather than a mucus blanket.
In summary, MCC differs both qualitatively and quantitatively in the nose (posterior nasopharynx) compared to the trachea. In the nasopharynx, particles are transported rapidly on a continuous sheet of mucus, moving in a direct linear path to the distal end of the nasopharynx and then to the oropharynx where it is swallowed. In contrast, the tracheal walls, while covered by a thin sheet of mucus, appear to move particles on discontinuous patches or streams of mucus, often in indirect routes toward the tracheal posterior membrane or epiglottis. In the mouse, the tracheal posterior membrane (under the conditions in this study) moves mucus cephalad to the epiglottis in continuous streams likely in grooves created by the trachealis muscle, in a more rapid and linear path compared to the tracheal walls. In the nasal posterior nasopharynx, the greater cilial density, significantly higher CBF and greater mucus mass supplied by numerous glands contribute to achieve the more robust MCC in this region compared to that in the trachea. The robust mucus blanket in the PNP, not only plays a major role in trapping particles before they reach the lower airways, but it likely plays a major role in humidification of the inspired air and prevents desiccation of the underlying epithelial layer.
Data Availability Statement
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.
The animal study was reviewed and approved by University of North Carolina Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.
TR carried out all the studies and analyzed the videos. BB adapted aerosolization apparatus for mouse use, set up fluorescent imaging equipment, assisted with manuscript preparation. CE carried out the sialic acid analysis. SK generated the Bpifb1 KO mice and discussed the experimental results. LO and AL-B discussed the experimental results and contributed the manuscript writing. MG wrote the software for bead track analysis. BG designed the experiments, carried out the studies, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.
This study was funded in part the Cystic Fibrous Foundation (GRUBB17XX0), BUTTON19G0, R01HL125280 (BB), R01 HL13691 (R. Boucher), P01 HL10880 (R. Boucher), RO1 HL117836 (LO), R01 HL122711 (SK), and R01 ES024965 (SK).
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
We thank Kimberly Burns for the EM images. We also thank Eric C. Roe for the editorial assistance with this manuscript.
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.842592/full#supplementary-material
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Keywords: mucociliary clearance, mucus blanket, tracheal posterior membrane, posterior nasopharynx, tracheal walls
Citation: Rogers TD, Button B, Kelada SNP, Ostrowski LE, Livraghi-Butrico A, Gutay MI, Esther CR Jr and Grubb BR (2022) Regional Differences in Mucociliary Clearance in the Upper and Lower Airways. Front. Physiol. 13:842592. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.842592
Received: 23 December 2021; Accepted: 24 January 2022;
Published: 09 March 2022.
Edited by:Anthony Fischer, The University of Iowa, United States
Reviewed by:Susan E. Birket, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
Paul Dietl, University of Ulm, Germany
Copyright © 2022 Rogers, Button, Kelada, Ostrowski, Livraghi-Butrico, Gutay, Esther and Grubb. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Barbara R. Grubb, firstname.lastname@example.org
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I have restored the settings and I am still having issues. Im new to After effects, im reading a book following tutorials and ran into an issue its not acknowledging.
I am told to Create a Shadow Catcher and Light under an area of text thats on top of a video later thats been tracked. When I create the Shadow Catcher and Light , the Shadow Catcher appears as a Black square. I believe its suppose to be transparent? or just doing something else. How do I fix this??
change your renderer to classic 3d or ray-trace 3d (only if you are planning to use extrusion and you have the proper GPU for it). the cinema 4d renderer does not support shadow only"
Thank you Roei!
You can just use the Classic 3D renderer, the only caviat is that the text comes off black at first because the light is positioned very far away by default. The best solution is to just copy the position of the text and paste it onto the position of the light, and then move the light on top of the text. Also, if you increase the diffuseness on the light, it make the shadow look really cool
Lol, I'm using the exact same tutorial and had the same issue. Turns out it's because the cinema 4d rendere is still active by the same book's very previous tutorial.
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We can place blame on others for “robbing” us of our peace all we want. Truth is, your peace cannot be taken away. It has to be given. When God gives us true peace, it cannot be tampered with. We have it because we recognize the gift that has been given. Isaiah 26:3 says “You will keep him in perfect peace, whose mind is stayed on you, because he trusts you. John 16:33 says These things I have spoken to you, that in ME you have peace. In the world you will have tribulation; but be of good cheer, I have overcome the world.
When we find ourselves experiencing “weaknesses, insults, hardships, persecutions and calamities” we are not a peace. When we release those burdens over to God keeping our focus on HIS promises, we will filled with peace-know HE has it all under control.
When I see meme’s or quotes that talk about how “since certain people have left there’s more peace” Peace is not the absence of conflict, it is the ability to handle conflict by peaceful means. People tend to walk away from situations when it no longer serves its purpose. Be it good or bad. We place power in the absence of individuals when we have to have them to learn how to deal with conflict. Which is why certain situations resurface. If you’re facing issues in certain areas in life-you or the other person walking away will not solve that problem. Especially if the problem is you, masked by the presence of others.
I remember someone saying to me “I only act this way towards you” they said it as if I were to wear it as a badge of shame. Until God revealed to me why. The person was able to mask themselves in the presence of others. With me, I was able to see beyond the mask I was able to see how they truly were.
I speak with a lot of people regarding their relationships, situationships, ,friendships etc., and they all say the same thing. It’s not me, it’s them. They’re disturbing my peace. NO-it’s you. You’re disturbing your own peace by refusing to address the unhealed parts. Are you truly at peace? Is there something that is causing you to feel moved (in a negative way)by what someone has said or done? If so, you still have some healing to do. Your peace cannot find you, while your busying yourself giving it away to others.
#Godfirst #KnowPeace #DealHealnMoveForward #BeInPeace
It’s hard being a mother at times. We offend, defend, love, nurture, have our feelings hurt, we cook(or order take out) we clean(our hire a cleaning service) we work jobs that test our whole being, all so that we can support our families.
We have children who are not so nice at times, or who push you to the edge where you yourself, if honest-need a break. All while dealing with issues of our own. It seems almost impossible to deal with it all at times.. But God!
Mother’s Day is so much more than just a nationally or internationally known holiday. Today is the day where you can tell/show your mother(step or someone who filled in) how much you love them. It isn’t a day to bash who isn’t there. If they gave birth to you....they still did their part. If they couldn’t or felt they couldn’t love you and sent their gift as a present to someone else....Thank God, they did you a favor.
If you’re a dad who is fulfilling both the role of mom/dad. You’re blessed and will continue to be a blessing. Refrain from bashing who left, accept it and show your child a different way to love and handle responsibilities. But do not spend time on bad mouthing the one who chose to leave. Their purpose may have been to deliver what is supposed to stay.
We focus on the wrong things at times. Mother's Day is about showing the woman or man who go beyond themselves even when it’s HARD or too much at times......Just how much they mean to you! Don’t blow it by calling out the flaws of the one who isn’t there.
To the mother estranged from her child(ren), stop beating yourself up. Find a way to develop a relationship with your child(ren) now. Even if, it's with your grandchildren. You will not be able to place a time frame on reconciliation, however; changed behavior will be your answer. Forgive your self, instead of waiting for your child(ren) to forgive you. Work on you so that if/when reconciliation occurs-you're ready for it. For the child(ren) who believe hate is the answer or harboring un-forgiveness in their hearts is the answer, think again. Talking about the past will help, but understand that the answers of which you seek-may not make sense to you...Find peace in knowing that at least their trying. Show grace on both sides.
Happy Mother’s Day to ALL who’ve stepped into this role that has its ups and downs!
#Godfirst #ToBeAMother #RewardingandTiresomeAtTimes
Over the past few weeks I’ve observed behavior patterns of others, whether it’s family, friends, co-workers and I wonder what it will take for some of them to get the proper help needed to improve the quality of life for themselves and others around them. It saddens me that there’s hundreds/millions of people who remain undiagnosed with mental illness due to being afraid of how they’ll be perceived and not willing to be held accountable for themselves. It’s even worse when family/friends refuse to step up out of fear of losing a friend because of it. Well, I’m the friend who will risk losing you-but will tell you that you need help and will work hard to ensure you get it.
I’m an advocate for getting the proper help needed to help you live a life that’s worth living. I’m not big on “hiding” how I feel or what I go through. Mental health has plagued my family for years. Some have been diagnosed many have not-However, If I knew back then, what I know now…………. But God!
Personally-I have family who suffer with a mental illness(diagnoses range from bi-polar, schizophrenia, depression, etc.). So, for me, it’s real and I know first-hand the fight, the struggle, the emotional turmoil that it has on our family. I know the emotional roller coaster that it causes especially when one or the other refuses to take their medication because they believe they can “beat it” on their own.
I advocate because a huge part of me understands where the emotional strain comes from. What they may have endured, and haven’t let go of, a fear of not being accepted socially-unable to truly be their authentic selves out of fear of how they may be perceived-by this world and the people in it.
Because mental health can appear in many different forms; it often goes undiagnosed. Sometimes symptoms of a mental health disorder appear as physical problems, such as stomach pain, back pain, headache, or other unexplained aches and pains, etc.
Signs and symptoms of mental illness can vary, depending on the disorder, circumstances and other factors. Mental illness symptoms can affect emotions, thoughts and behaviors.
Examples of signs and symptoms include:
It’s truly time that we acknowledge all past hurts, fears, things that keep us in bondage. No matter how old the pain/hurt is…it must be brought to the surface and dealt with accordingly.
And be reminded that, when you deal with your hurt-you cannot project how you feel onto someone else. Meaning, No one projects better or more frequently than a narcissist. They've practiced, honed and refined projection to a fine art. Whatever they're up to, by some mental “abracadabra,” suddenly they're innocent and you're the one up to no-good.
Help is available, should you be willing to admit and commit to getting it.
#Godfirst #MentalHealthAdvocate #CertifiedLifeCoach #NewAdventureSameJourney
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New Adventure Same Journey has been featured on the top 30 inspirational blog list? Click the link below to see us, we're at #23.
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Design in music in a digital world can be about the object as the sound – musical ideas translate from one medium to many others. And just when you think you’ve seen it all, someone comes up with a new visual metaphor, a new creation for manipulating music.
OTTO is a functioning prototype combining interactive hardware and computer software, the invention of Luca De Rosso. He produced the design as a thesis project for his masters’ degree in Visual and Multimedia Communications at IUAV University of Venice. It uses the Arduino open source hardware platform and Cycling ’74’s Max/MSP software, and Luca accordingly is quick to credit the assistance of those two communities. In that sense, two, I think it points to lots of new design in the field of integrated hardware and software – not just standalone hardware or standalone software or generic controllers for anything, but hardware that itself behaves like software.
All photos here courtesy Luca and used by permission; see his Flickr account.
Luca sends along some more details of the behind-the-scenes workings just for us. (Thanks, mate!)
Luca actually had assistance from his father working on the case. (I love that – father-son collaboration!) All the electronics are on a single Arduino board, and the patch works in Max. (Max has features that make it well worth using, but it’d be nice to see a Pd port, too, making the whole setup open source – and giving you an easy way to run it on Linux.)
Luca sends us a view of the innards of this device – you saw it here first:
The first prototype is done, says Luca, with three more coming in coming days as he heads to a festival in Croatia. Plans for the future: no commercial availability yet, but Luca says he’d be happy to hear from anyone interested in manufacturing. (Capital remains the big challenge, even as fabrication gets easier.)
I also love the way he’s designed the documentation. Music tech industry, please, this is how it should be done – with all due respect and without naming names, we really would love if you just showed us your gear and didn’t have some swarmy dude gushing about lots of hype. In fact, we’d be equally happy to buy your gear if the design spoke for itself rather than having your name and circuit diagrams and random text plastered all over it.
But this is really visually inspiring, creative work. And to top it off, it looks insanely fun to play. Putting the beats in a circle opens up all kinds of other possibilities, and suggests thinking in terms of cycles rather than the grids we see on other hardware. As with the monome, you can imagine other software applications that would hook into this basic, minimal hardware design. I hope we see more of this design and concept.
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