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My research interests and experience are centered on the ecology, evolution, phylogeography (or the geographic distribution of genetic lineages), conservation, biogeography and systematics of coral reef fishes. I frequently try to combine these fields, invoking ecology to help explain evolutionary patterns and using molecular tools to test biogeographic and systematic hypotheses. The overall objective of this interdisciplinary research is to test existing hypotheses (and propose new ones) about what generates and maintains the extremely high biodiversity in tropical coral reefs.
Gabriela is the lab technician for the Ichthyology department, where she assists researchers to get molecular data. In addition, she helps to catalog, organize and maintain the Ichthyology tissue collection. Her research interest is in the phylogeny of the genus Chromis, a large group with over 106 described species. As a PhD student in the Integrative Biology Department at UCB, she studies the diving physiology and genetics of sea turtles.
I am a zoologist by training, but since 1990 I have been working full-time in biodiversity informatics – the application of information technologies to biodiversity science. Academy scientists generate enormous amounts of information as they collect, describe, document, and compare organisms. That information comes in a variety of forms, including text, photographs, DNA sequences, taxonomic names, classifications, distributions maps, and ultimately publications.
I am interested in the behavioral ecology of fishes, particularly in species that exhibit complex relationships with other organisms, and strong habitat dependencies. Currently I am working in the lab of Dr. Alison Gould on the genus Siphamia, a group of tiny cardinalfish that exhibit bioluminescence though symbiosis with light producing bacteria, and that rely on invertebrates such as sea urchins and corals for protection from predators.
I study the evolutionary ecology of a bioluminescent symbiosis between coral reef fish in the genus Siphamia and luminous bacteria. My research integrates natural history and ecology with genomics to understand how this highly specialized association evolved and how host-symbiont specificity is maintained over time and space. Working with the Steinhart Aquarium, I am also developing this gut-associated symbiosis as a tractable model system to investigate the mechanisms regulating the complex relationships between animals and beneficial bacteria.
My principal research interest concerns the systematics of grenadiers, a group of more than 400 deep-sea fishes related to the codfish. Grenadiers are found in all oceans, but 80-90% of the species are confined to subtropical and tropical seas. Most grenadiers live on the continental slope at depths between 200 m and 2000 m, but some range to below 6000 m. A few species are commercially exploited by large trawlers dragging at depths often exceeding 1000 m. The group seems to have evolved in the deep sea, as no shallow-water close relatives are known. | <urn:uuid:0faf3e8b-9764-44b6-aebd-00337c8f3c86> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://calacademy.org/staff/ibss/ichthyology | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.91352 | 589 | 1.914063 | 2 |
QUT Robotics Club’s Droid Racing Challenge simply could not be possible without our sponsors. We would very much like to thank our Sponsors for DRC 2022!
MathWorks is the company behind Matlab and Simulink, and supply a lot of support for the Science and Engineering industries. Their website provides a great deal of support and a community platform for students, enthusiasts and professions to grow and share their knowledge.
MathWorks has put together a great resource page to assist teams in Droid Racing competitions. Check it out here!
MathWorks have also developed a pack containing some relevant examples in car vehicle modelling and Computer vision. Download their zip file from Dropbox here!
Mathworks is also offering a sponsored prize for the best implementation of their tools:
From their website:
Boeing’s presence in Australia is the company’s largest footprint outside the United States, with more than 3,000 employees in 38 locations. Boeing has the broadest portfolio in Australian aerospace, with its employees and an extensive supply chain supporting our advanced manufacturing of commercial aircraft composite components, defence systems design and development, modeling and simulation, research and development, support and training, and unmanned systems.
QUT Centre for Robotics
The QUT Centre for Robotics (QCR) is sponsoring the 2022 DRC and each year provides expert judges for the Best Robot Design Award judging to ensure the best Droid is awarded this prestigious award and in the past QCR as allowed for guided tours of their world class work facilities and labs. QCR is one of the world’s leading robotic research facilities, focussing on innovation in intelligent robotics, translating research into commercial and societal outcomes, and leading the education, training and development of talent to meet the growing demands for robotics. They are our close collaborators, as well as a valued sponsor and supporter, as many of our students and executives have gone on to research or work there.
QUT SCAP Grants
Of course, without QUT we would just be “Robotics Club” without further purpose or direction. Lost in the abyss of gears and gadgets, forever wading through code and context. Our volts would be ageless, our Amps without hours.
Queensland University of Technology runs a “Student Clubs and Projects (SCAP)” program for it’s students, allowing Students the funds to hold events such as DRC 2018.
If you are a current student, go check out the website for details on how to get a SCAP grant yourself! If you are not – we are truly sorry for your predicament, and encourage you to enroll in the university for the real world at your next opportunity so you can fully participate in the club! | <urn:uuid:2e3a02c3-5d34-464d-9adf-9b06d6b525f7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://qutrobotics.com/droid-racing-challenge/drc-sponsors/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.941232 | 563 | 1.609375 | 2 |
There will be times in a student’s academic career when they struggle with their education. Sometimes the best way to fix it is by looking at the cause of their struggles. In this case, their behavior is the cause.
As an education professional, implementing a functional behavior assessment could be the difference between a child continuing to struggle and turning things around.
To help you understand the fundamentals of managing behavior, we created a comprehensive guide about what an FBA is and how it can be used for effective behavior management.
What is an FBA?
FBA stands for “functional behavior assessment.” The purpose of this assessment is so that schools can pinpoint the behaviors that are interfering with a child’s ability to focus on their academics.
Once an FBA has been completed, the team of professionals surrounding the child can create a plan that will help the child make significant changes in their behavior.
An FBA removes the stigma of a child getting classified or looked at negatively. It instead forces educators to look beneath the surface for the causes of the behavior.
This assessment is the first step to redirecting the behavior and facilitating positivity.
Now that you know what an FBA is, here’s how to put the assessment to work.
Pinpoint the Behavior
The first step of the functional behavior plan is defining which behavior is causing the challenges the child is experiencing. It’s best if you define this behavior objectively.
For example, don’t say the child is acting ‘bad.’ Instead, say the child ‘throws books and tears book pages when asked to read.’ This approach is preferred because anyone who needs to read the plan will understand what behavior is being looked at and will further understand ways to redirect the behavior when it begins to happen.
Gather More Information
Once the behavior is identified, the next step in the assessment process is collecting information about the behavior. To gather information, the team might begin to interview staff members that have worked with the child throughout the school year.
It’s also useful to review past school records to see if there is any evidence of the behavior in the past and how the behavior was addressed. After collecting enough data, the child will then be tested.
It’s a good idea to ask the student questions because they are the only ones that will be able to give you a complete insight into what they are going through emotionally.
Questions that you might ask include:
- What was going on before this behavior took place?
- Who is around when you act this way?
- Is there a place that this behavior doesn’t happen?
- Where does this behavior frequently happen?
Having these answers is essential for the team to create a plan that can be used to address the behavior effectively.
Figure Out the Trigger
With the information collected and testing of the child, the team should now move forward with pinpointing what triggers the student’s behavior. In some cases, the child might be attempting to avoid reading because they don’t think they are good at reading.
By avoiding reading, they won’t feel embarrassed or face being made fun of by their peers. Students reacting to the comments or actions of their classmates is not uncommon.
In fact, peer influence is something students will deal with throughout most of their lives. If other students bring on the behavior, there are useful tips an educator can use to manage their classroom and create an atmosphere conducive for all children to learn.
The final stage in the functional behavior assessment is to create the plan that will be used to improve the noted behaviors. In the plan, strategies can be used to implement positive behaviors by reducing the behaviors that create the challenges.
One useful step is having staff undergo K12 behavior management training to ensure that everyone involved can redirect behaviors before they become overly disruptive, no matter what age the children are.
This training can drastically improve the classroom environment, and you’ll notice that it benefits all students as well.
As the leader of your team, whether you’re the behavior interventionist or special education director, we want you to be equipped with the necessary tools and knowledge needed to act efficiently as your team’s head.
Our monthly webinar series on behavior management is a great resource to help you stay up to date on essential behavior management topics.
Each month you’ll receive new information that helps to improve future FBA plans put into place by your team.
Which Students Get FBAs?
One question that might be lingering is which students do you give a functional behavior assessment to?
If a child has a 504 or IEP plan, they will receive an FBA if they begin to exhibit behaviors that aren’t already listed in their file.
This general rule is in place to ensure the student is receiving the level of education and assistance that they deserve. Students may also receive an FBA if they need to be removed from a school because of their behavior.
Keep in mind that the behavior exhibited by the student will need to be linked in some way to the disability that they have.
Other questions to consider include:
- Was law enforcement called to manage the student’s behavior?
- Did the students cause injury to themselves or someone else?
These would both be situations in which an FBA should be completed before ensuring a way to minimize the risk of the child hurting themselves or others in the future.
Lastly, an FBA should be completed when a student is being evaluated for special needs.
Functional Behavior Assessment: Helping Students Achieve Their Potential
A functional behavior assessment is a way to help a child improve behaviors that could be hindering their learning abilities. As a team, you will work together to pinpoint the issue and create a plan to help the student.
If you’re ready to provide your students the support they need, request a 30-minute demo from Insights to Behavior and learn how our software can help students and teachers today. | <urn:uuid:610a5c1b-00b0-4b63-855f-92bbd8e24ab2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://insightstobehavior.com/blog/fba-what-is-functional-behavior-assessment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.953283 | 1,242 | 3.3125 | 3 |
We have been through a number of ‘systems’ to try to manage our homeschool. One one hand I need for them to get things done on the other I like to let them loose to discover on their own. Finding the balance is always a challenge.
Early in the semester thing tend to be a little more laid back and just reading, absorbing material, doing experiments. As we get closer to the portfolio times the requirements change to demonstrating the knowledge that they have learned and that is when the to-do lists become more specific.
The first system is more a time management system called Pomodoro. We have modified it slightly for our homeschool. It should be 25 minutes on and 5 minutes off but we do 30 minutes of works and 10 minutes of break. That gives us four before lunch and then we do another four after an hour long lunch. I like it because if we start late or a break goes long we still do the same amount of time each day. It is also the way that I do my housework and other tasks. So I follow the same schedule.
Last year we tried using a systems from my wife’s work called ‘Agile’. It involved a ridiculous number of sticky notes. Basically they had a number of task that should be able to be completed in one pomodoro written out on these sticky notes. They would pick one off the wall and move it to their desk. When it was complete they moved it to my desk where in theory I would record that it was done. I quickly became buried in sticky notes. It ended up morphing back in to a to-do list with large items that they could work on however they wanted.
I do allow them a lot of flexibility. There are term goals which are effectively the portfolio items. There are a number of things that they must do to get to that portfolio item. They can’t write a essay on a book that they haven’t read for example. The weekly item are to lead up to those portfolio items and in the beginning are quite general. How they work during the day and week are up to them. I have seen them spend all day Monday getting their math out of the way.
Their to-do lists are on their own whiteboards. I just have to make sure things are done to my satisfaction before they cross them off.
It is not a perfect system but then what is. It works for us and that is what is important. The time just before the portfolios are due is always stressful but I think it would be no matter what system we used.
Linking Up At | <urn:uuid:e5316625-e67b-414b-8c27-6add665af100> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.talesofahousehusband.com/2014/08/27/a-day-in-our-homeschool-life/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.977223 | 540 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Summer in Florida? Think safety ... from sharks, heat, rip currents, alligators
It’s closing in on the summer season, a time for road trips, beach excursions, boating, grilling and outdoor work across the Space Coast.
But with the hot weather and inviting waterways, comes a plethora of safety concerns unique to Florida.
Alligators on the move. Sharks near the shoreline. Rip currents.
These are just a few of the hazards of which to be aware, said Brevard County public safety officials.
On the beach, lifeguards urge residents and tourists to be mindful of the weather and the conditions of the ocean. Over the Memorial Day weekend, thousands flooded Brevard’s beaches, keeping lifeguards busy rescuing dozens from rip currents, those fast-moving pools of water that can pull swimmers out to sea.
“We had 47 rescues, with many of those rip current-related,” said Brevard County Ocean Rescue Lifeguard Chief Eisen Witcher. He oversees the county’s 25 lifeguard towers and 45 lifeguards who watch the beaches.
“During the summer we deal with more heat-related injuries, heat exhaustion," Witcher said. "Usually in the springtime and in August ... we see more rip currents because of the activity out in the ocean.”
As for safety from sharks, lifeguards are frequently looking out for any signs of the predators.
On occasion, lifeguards will shut down a beach for up to 30 minutes until sharks have left the area. In recent months, there have been nearly a dozen such temporary closures.
Authorities also warn residents about swimming in rivers, lakes, and ponds where alligators may be on the prowl.
“We live in Florida so any body of water has the potential to have alligators,” said Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission spokesman Chad Weber.
During the late spring and summer, the reptiles are searching for mates and can be found migrating across golf courses, along roads, even in neighborhoods.
“Alligators are wary of humans, but they also are territorial, so be careful,” Weber said.
Nichole A. Tillman, 26, of Melbourne was attacked by an alligator May 25 while swimming in a Port St. John lake. The injuries were non-life threatening, authorities reported.
Fire officials also have their seasonal warnings.
Top of the list is alerting motorists about leaving behind their pets and children in hot vehicles. Tuesday, firefighters in Titusville responded to two incidents in which children under 5 were left in vehicles. Both children were rescued.
"The windows were broken to get to the children," said Titusville Fire Battalion Chief Greg Sutton. "What people have to remember is that it only takes a minute for temperatures to rise in a car. Before you know it, your pet or your child could be in there for a minute or two. And those minutes make a difference." .
Contact Gallop at 321-242-3642, email@example.com and Twitter @JDGallop | <urn:uuid:989429c5-86e0-4f38-b648-764b467bac6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.floridatoday.com/story/news/2019/05/29/summer-florida-think-safety-sharks-swimming-and-alligators/1274795001/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.956951 | 639 | 2.171875 | 2 |
As any dentist knows, choosing the right products to use during your cosmetic or restorative dentistry procedure can profoundly influence the results. The initial cost of these tools and materials is often significant for the clinic. However, their payoff in getting the results their patient’s desire makes it worth investing. Relying on low-quality products greatly increases the chance that the results will also be inferior. However, using the best products available means that the results will look great and stand the test of time.
Products Many Dentists Rely On For Your Care
As part of receiving dental care, you’ll come to recognize a variety of procedures and products your dentist uses. Restorative and cosmetic procedures aiming to improve your smile have demanding requirements placed on them. They have to be durable, attractive, and good at what they do. Your dentist’s expertise is at work before you ever sit in the dental chair. They’re planning out your treatment, considering the right products, and getting everything together for a great experience. The first requirement of any product for most dentists is approval by the ADA or FDA. Once this organization has rubber-stamped a product, they know it’s been tested for quality. Some common examples used by dentists include:
- Composite Systems: When teeth have been damaged, and reconstruction is necessary, composite systems are a common tool used to repair them. While every dentist tends to employ their own technique for application, there are materials used that most dentists trust. The most frequently encountered is Omnichroma flow. This product has an exceptional ability to match tooth shade and is durable enough to withstand years of use. Venus Pearl One is also a frequent choice, known for being able to blend nicely with neighboring teeth.
- Universal Bonding Systems: Aesthetic and restoration treatments generally require the use of a bonding system to secure the material in place. One brand that is trusted for dental bonding is 3M. Also, the Rely Universal Resin and Adhesive and KaVO Kerr Optibond Universal Solutions have a reputation for effectiveness and longevity. The latter, in particular, is known to be compatible with a broad range of cement and composites.
- Temporary Cement: There are times when longevity is actually a problem. One case is when a temporary restoration needs to be put in place while a lab manufactures the final one. Provincial QM Aesthetic temporary cement is a product that is known and trusted for its ability to provide a short-term but strong bond.
- Bioceramic Restoratives: When a ceramic product is known for its ability to cooperate with the body’s natural processes, it’s called Bioceramic. The Ceramir Restore Quickcap and Pulpdent Activa Bioactive Restorative are two types of these.
- Whitening Systems: If there’s one product that dentists are always looking for the next best version of, it’s whitening systems. Whitening systems have to be strong enough to eradicate the deepest stains. However, they also have to be able to do so without harming healthy dental tissue. Two commonly encountered systems that meet this standard are the SDI Pola In-Office whitening system and the Kor Whitening System.
Seek Advice From Your Dental Provider About Your Products
There’s no one better to ask about your home dental care products than your dentist. They’re constantly reading about and thinking about the next best dental product they can use to give their patients great results. They’ll also be able to tell you what products to use at home to make your oral care more effective. | <urn:uuid:13bfcda5-1711-49ad-9a3a-cdfe258712c5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dentistryofmiami.com/blogs/dentists-trusted-cosmetic-and-restoration-products/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.951004 | 746 | 1.625 | 2 |
PowWow Energy, a Software-as-a-Service provider assisting farms turning data into simple answers, recently announced that its patent application for pump alerts and water records using energy data has been granted by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, and that its method for measuring groundwater use meets the accuracy requirements under Title 23 of State of California regulations.
Already, 20,000 acres of farm land use the service today.
“The idea of using a recent pump test with electrical records is not new, but the relationship between power and water flow varies greatly over time. It is hard. We have seen a lot of farms try, and we wanted to help them. Farms are concerned with the mounting cost of meeting new regulations” stated Olivier Jerphagnon, CEO and founder of PowWow.
The deadline for forming Groundwater Sustainable Agencies in California is June 30, 2017, and monitoring requirements will be announced as a second step.
PowWow’s water measurement feature provides a simple solution to reporting water use. Farms do not need to install new telemetry equipment and they can leverage existing pump tests performed by a certified tester. Smart meters are already installed in California with telemetry to provide automated energy billing by power utilities. Smart meters have already been deployed by rate-payers, and a private innovation allows farms to get a secondary benefit for a device installed at their location.
The water measurement algorithm was deployed and tested at single speed and variable speed pumps in six groundwater basins during a two-year study funded by the California Energy Commission under the contract EPC-14-081. The mean error is 4 percent and the maximum error is less than 10 percent as required under Title 23 of the California Code of Regulation.
One advantage of using smart meters is that the privacy is already granted to farmers under the Smart Grid program. Only farmers can grant access to the energy data to a third-party using the Green Button standard managed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The PowWow application is available on the websites of Pacific Gas & Electric, Southern California Edison, and San Diego Gas & Electric under the “Share My Data” program. More utilities in the Western United States will be supported in the future.
PowWow is displaying the new service at the Innovation Showcase in Salinas during the Forbes AgTech Summit sponsored by the Western Growers Association and others this week. Available as a feature of the Pump Monitor product, growers will continue to receive text message alerts but will also now have the ability to download water records as easily as reading an email.
One current user and member of WGA is Don Cameron, General Manager of Terranova Ranch. “I needed a way to easily quantify how much water we were pumping out of the ground,” he said.
Together with its innovative groundwater recharge program during wet years, Terranova is looking at maintaining groundwater levels to sustainably farm for generations to come. “Technology companies and farms can innovate together, and PowWow showed us that they are willing to develop a simple solution to a real problem and be part of the agriculture community,” he concluded. | <urn:uuid:6379b69e-f64d-4588-b60d-77d854d9a701> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.agdaily.com/technology/powwow-energy-electric-water-meters/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.956019 | 648 | 1.578125 | 2 |
**Beginner to Intermediate - Airbrush Techniques and Exercises** From the very basics of "which end the paint comes out of" to the creative use of color and artistic effect through airbrush application, this DVD will enable anyone with the desire to become skillful at using an airbrush to do so. Segment One introduces viewers to the airbrush and provides basic information related to using the airbrush. It also provides information regarding maintenance and information about various paints, tools, and accessories that are available to make airbrushing easier. Segment Two introduces viewers to spray techniques, including varying spray patterns and gradation effects the airbrush can be used to create. Additionally, it introduces you to various airbrush exercises and related tools for developing your airbrush proficiency, and demonstrates masking and spray techniques used to create three dimensional effects. Segment Three covers intermediate airbrush technique, color instruction, and how the airbrush can create patterns and results not easily accomplished through other color application processes. | <urn:uuid:dde0fe32-0593-440c-8209-20c4b7a94126> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.airbrushwarehouse.com.au/collections/march-special/products/airbrush-techniques-start-to-finish | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.891464 | 200 | 1.976563 | 2 |
This week, Mexico City took a big step towards making housing more affordable and transit more efficient. Did it pass a new budget that funded new apartments, or propose a new expansion of the public transportation system? Nope, it simply eliminated parking minimums, the city regulations that impel builders to add a required amount of parking spots for every new unit of housing they create.
“It’s a 180-degree change in the approach toward parking,” Andrés Sañudo, a local planning consultant, told Streetsblog.
The biggest city in North America decided to limit the number of parking spaces allowed in new developments, and push policies that help convert existing spaces to different uses. The connection between affordability, transportation, and small patches of asphalt may not immediately seem apparent. But extensive studies by planners and researchers show quite the opposite. Cities—and renters—pay a big price for parking.
Parking’s true price
Mandating parking not only wastes tons of valuable city real estate but it also bundles housing and parking together, making it impossible to pay for one without the other. This functions as a powerful force that not only shapes how cities look and function, but increases rent and housing costs.
One study of U.S. rental data found that forcing developers to add parking spots for new buildings contributes to 16 percent of the cost of an apartment, a cost passed down to renters. Writing in the journal Housing Policy Debate, researchers Gregory Pierce and C.J. Gabbe found that it’s not just a cost issue, it’s an equity issue. Urban dwellers who don’t own or use cars are in effect forced to subsidize parking spots for others, without any choice in the matter. The average cost of parking per renter was $142 a month, Pierce and Gabbe found, a price that is mostly paid by the urban poor.
Imagine how much easier it would be to make your rent payment if you could shave 16 percent off of your housing costs for an amenity that you don’t use. Nationwide, the researchers discovered, renters without cars end up subsidizing parking by an incredible $440 million a year. “While many households might have chosen to pay for on-site parking in a free market, this proportion is surely lower than what has been mandated,” write Gabbe and Pierce.
Wasting urban space
The cost of building more unused parking, and forcing people to pay for both housing and parking together, can also be calculated in wasted space. According to a Vox video on the high cost of free parking, due to the widespread adoption of these types of regulations, there are eight parking spaces for every car in the United States, and parking takes up 30 percent of the land area in our cities.
These rules can lead to truly absurd land-use scenarios. Consider the newly unveiled Apple campus in Cupertino, California, a futuristic spaceship of an office that still was forced to include 3.5 million square feet, or about 80 acres of parking. Unbelievably, that’s more space than the project dedicates to actual offices and labs.
Land used for parking is simply space that isn’t converted into much-needed affordable housing, thus limiting the supply and driving up rents overall. Cars need somewhere to go, certainly, but over time, we’ve sacrificed an overabundance of our urban landscape to asphalt. Many U.S. cities are starting to shift their thinking on parking, and even find ways to repurpose parking garages, often in response to coming shared and autonomous mobility solutions. But more work needs to be done to truly reclaim our cities from an excess of parking spaces.
The Mexico City model
Contrast this with the bold new policies in Mexico City, which make it the most parking progressive city in Latin America. Instead of a parking minimum, the city now has a parking maximum, and fees collected from builders who build too many spaces will be used to improve transit and subsidize housing. Going forward, the only parking being mandated will be for bicycles. And, by cutting down on the addition of unneeded parking spots, these policies also save maintenance costs in the long run.
Unless serious reform is made now, current policies in the United States will mandate that our cities will be built with a certain amount of parking for years into the future. In effect, parking minimums will limit how we can design our cities, and in many ways, who we can design for, since cars are automatically given so much room. Mexico City’s recent move means planners, developers, and citizens now have the space to make their city better, not just make more room to park their cars. | <urn:uuid:8ba0de90-410b-42f0-b108-8c943f1afb26> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archive.curbed.com/2017/7/21/16008628/parking-mexico-city-urban-planning | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949712 | 967 | 2.875 | 3 |
Historical Events In June - 15
Tuesday, 09 August 2022
0763 -BC- Assyrians record total solar eclipse event on clay tablet on June - 15.
0923 The Battle of Soissons ends with the death of Robert at the hands of Charles III, but Charles is defeated and the barons elect Rudolf, duke of Burgundy, to succeed Robert They imprison Charles, who will die at Peronne in 929 on June - 15.
0923 Battle of Soissons: King Robert I of France is killed and King Charles the Simple is arrested by the supporters of Duke Rudolph of Burgundy on this day in history.
0923 On June - 15 robert I, King of France (922-23), dies in battle
0948 Romanus I Lecapenus, Armenian emperor of Byzantium (919-44), dies on this day in history.
0991 Theophano, German Empress/wife of Emperor Otto II, dies on this day in history.
1094 On this day in history valencia falls to El Cid after a siege of 9 months by an army of 7,000 men, most of them Muslims
1094 On this day in history rodrigo Diaz de Vivar [El Cid] occupies Valencia on the Moren
1184 On this day in history king Magnus V of Norway is killed at the battle of Fimreite.
1215 King John of England signs the Magna Carta, granting his barons more liberty on this day in history.
1215 On this day in history king John signs Magna Carta at Runnymede, England
1219 King Valdemar brought victory for Denmark on June - 15.
1221 On this day in history frederik II, [Strijdbare], duke of Austria
1246 Battle at Leitha: Hungary-Austrian on June - 15.
1246 On June - 15 frederik II "the Strijdbare", duke of Austria, dies in battle at 25
1330 Edward, the black prince, prince of Wales (1343-1376) on June - 15.
1337 Angelus Clarenus/da Cingoli, Italian leader, dies on June - 15.
1341 On this day in history andronicus III Paleologus, Byzantine emperor (1328-41), dies
1381 Wat Tyler, leader of English Peasants' Revolt, beheaded in London on this day in history.
1383 On June - 15 john VI Cantacuzenus, Byzantine Emperor
1389 On this day in history battle of Kossovo; Turks defeat Serbs, Bosnians
1389 On this day in history lazar I, Serbian prince, dies in battle
1397 Count of Eu, French knight, dies in Turkish captivity on this day in history.
1467 On June - 15 philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, dies at 70
1520 On this day in history pope threatens to toss Luther out of Catholic Church
1542 On June - 15 richard Grenville, English parliament leader/vice-admiral (Roanoke)
1553 On this day in history ernst, archduke of Austria/governor of the Netherlands
1557 Sebastiaan Van Noyen, military master builder, dies on June - 15.
1567 On June - 15 jews are expelled from Genoa Italy
1567 On this day in history battle at Carberry Scot: Protestant troops beat Earl Bothwells army
1580 On this day in history phillip II of Spain declares William the Silent to be an outlaw.
1580 Nicolaas van Nieuwland, corrupt 1st bishop of Haarlem, dies at 70 on this day in history.
1590 Pope Leo X threatens to ex-communicate Martin Luther on this day in history.
1590 Pope Leo X threatens to excommunicate Martin Luther on June - 15. | <urn:uuid:cabfaeaf-3f5a-4c6c-92df-3031e3e5336a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hisdates.com/months/june-historical-events/15.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.876267 | 841 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Reduce Risk with Simulated Attacks
Penetration testing (“pen test”) is a technique used by information security (InfoSec) professionals to find weaknesses in an organization’s InfoSec defenses. In a penetration test, authorized cybersecurity professionals play the hacker’s role.
Penetration testing attempts to circumvent digital safeguards and involves the simulation of an attack by hackers or an internal bad actor. The same techniques used by hackers to attack companies every day are used. The results of a penetration test reveal (in advance) the vulnerabilities and weaknesses that could allow a malicious attacker to gain access to a company’s systems and data.
Some techniques used include brute-force attacks, exploitation of unpatched systems, and password-cracking tools. Organizations hire InfoSec experts with specialized training credentials—such as Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) and Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP)—to conduct authorized attempts to breach the organization’s security safeguards. These experts begin the pen test by conducting reconnaissance, often creating an attack surface and internet footprint analysis to passively identify exposures, risks, and gaps in security. Once potential vulnerabilities are identified, the penetration testing team initiates the exploit attempts using automated tools to probe websites, firewalls, and email systems.
Successful exploits often involve multiple vulnerabilities, which are attacked over several days. Individually, none of the weaknesses are a wide-open door. However, when combined together by an expert penetration tester, the result is a snowball effect that provides the pen test expert with an initial foothold inside the network from which they can pivot and gain access to additional systems.
Penetration testing is a useful technique for evaluating the potential damage from a determined attacker, as well as to assess the organizational risks posed. Most hackers and criminals go after low-hanging fruit—easy targets. Regular penetration tests ensure that the efforts required to gain access to internal networks are substantial. The result? Most hackers will give up after a few hours and move on to other targets that are not so well defended. | <urn:uuid:31b31ac1-ca84-409f-9ddd-d4dd4834c99f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://infogovworld.com/ig-topics/what-is-penetration-testing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.928848 | 421 | 3.40625 | 3 |
What Is Epdm Anyway
EPDM is an oil-based rubber material that can be easily applied to a flat or low-sloping rooftop. It is often described as a DIY-friendly material, too, because it does not involve any specialized skills or tools to install correctly and effectively. Preparing the area properly is also going to have an effect on any EPDM roof life expectancy.
Why? If you want to get the very most EPDM roof life out of an installation, it means youll have to consider what issues might shorten or interfere with a longer life span on the material. Generally, it is the following factors that can shorten the roofing materials life span and decrease its performance:
A trustworthy EPDM guide can help you learn all about the appropriate steps to take before, during and after installation. Each of these steps can prolong or ensure the long EPDM roof life you desire.
Standing Seam Metal Roofs
Lifespan: 20-year to 30-year
Weakness: The fasteners
While this type of roof does have somewhat of an angle to it, it is a common type of commercial roof we work on and often is classified as a flat roof. These metal roofs protect the seams from moisture by having them sit at the highest point of elevation on the roof surface. However, the fasteners that keep the panels together are points of weakness. Oftentimes these fasteners show early signs of rust and can even rot away entirely. This leaves holes across the surface for water to enter and destroy the roof.
How Can I Improve My Flat Roofing Installations
By simply installing a rubber roof membrane! and always making sure you use flashing tape, even the most challenging flat roofs can be made watertight!
We also offer a range of products designed to divert rainwater from your flat roof to your drains properly. Check out our kits below:
Rainwater doesnt affect the properties of the rubber membrane, but we offer a range of accessories designed to correctly manage roof water run off. All our EPDM flat roofs come with a 20 or 25-year warranty to certified installers.
Unlike common, traditional materials such as tiles, slates, steel or felt, the roof membrane isnt vulnerable to rust or moss growing on it, nor will it tear, split or crack.
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What Are My Options For Putting On A New Epdm Roof
The precise work needed is going to vary on what kind of roof you currently have over your building. For example, petroleum products generally eat away at the rubber membranes over time, so you have a couple options
1.) Remove the old roof
This option is most common with old tar and pitch roofs, which also usually are going to require an asbestos tested and remediated given the age and date when this style of roofing was typically installed.
While costlier, this will generally be the most efficient long-term solution for you and your buildings infrastructure integrity.
2.) Roll over modified bitumen
If you have a modified bitumen roof, EPDM can be rolled over mod bit installs, but they will require a special patching cement that does not use any tar.
The Pros And Cons Of Using Epdm
As one of the upcoming and increasingly popular roofing options for trade and those who are wanting a straightforward roofing solution that they can do themselves, it is important you know what the pros and cons are when using EPDM on your roof.
Below we will go into some detail on the main advantages and disadvantages of using this option for your own project.
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How Long Does A Roof Membrane Last
If your home or property has a flat or low-sloped roof, some of the other types of roofing systems that weve covered wont be suitable.
For these sorts of properties, a roofing membrane like EPDM is a common choice due to its low cost and easier flat roof repair.
However, it only lasts for 5 to 15 years and is prone to leakage due to its taped or glued seams.
PVC and TPO roof membranes are more costly but also more durable roofing membrane options.
These are single ply roofing membranes with hot welded air seams that allow them to last nearly twice as long as EPDM rubber but of course these types of membrane roofs are more expensive to install or purchase.
Keep in mind that if your property is situated in an area where hurricanes are likely, then you will want to invest in a fully-adhered membrane roofing system as opposed to a mechanically attached single ply membrane roof since those will be more likely to withstand the winds and water from a hurricane.
What Are The Benefits Of Cleaning Your Roof
If you dont clean your roof then it will experience serious problems. A dirty or clogged rooftop is more likely to develop leaks and suffer from other types of damage.
While a dirty roof may seem like no big deal, its effects can be devastating. A dirty rooftop wont be able to function as well as a clean one .
Since your roof is a large part of protecting you against the elements, its important to keep it clean.
In Florida, its especially vital since youre likely to get a couple of nasty storms each year.
So if your roof isnt looking its best then get on top of that right away! Hire a professional for roof cleaning in Florida.
They can help you reclaim your rooftop and keep it looking great for years to come!
Also Check: Cost Of New Roof California
Pro: Custom Made For You Cut To Size Service
The EPDM membrane that we provide will be cut to specification to fit your roof, including the necessary overhang to ensure easy installation. The best way to specify the exact sizes is to call us on 01303 769 990, but you can also send these to us on a web order form by including your dimensions in the delivery note section.
Having the rubber roofing cut to size means you can get a standard roof done with one membrane. If you have a couple of pieces of membrane to join together, you will need to use the 5 Flashing Tape.
How Long Does A Roof Last In Florida
By: Author Ryan M.
Florida is one of the most sun-drenched states in America, and has an average high temperature of 78 degrees Fahrenheit.
Roofs are exposed to high levels of UV rays that can lead to premature aging, cracking, blistering or peeling paint.
This article will discuss the topic on how long does a roof last in Florida before it needs replacement.
It is recommended that roofs are replaced every 15-20 years due to their susceptibility to damage from the suns harmful ultraviolet radiation.
There is a recommendation of replacing the roof materials every 20 years when they have reached the end of the lifespan under normal conditions.
For homeowners living in areas with heavy snow loads, ice damming or hail damage, these time frames may need to be reduced by up to 10 years.
One part of Florida is a tropical region situated on the east coast, where humidity is high year round.
This part of Florida is especially dry during winter months, but often experiences frequent but light rain showers throughout the summer.
The second part of Florida is a sub-tropical region located in south-central Florida, which tends to be more humid than other parts of the state due to being right in the center of a subtropical region.
The average life expectancy for a roof in high-humidity regions is five to seven years, whereas it is 10 to 12 years in areas with lower humidity and little precipitation.
Also Check: How Much Is A Shingle Roof Per Square Foot
Factors That Affect The Lifespan Of Tile Roofs In Florida
- Local Weather Your local weather also plays an important role when considering how much wear & tear affects most homes over time.
- Floridas humidity mostly goes from March to August, but the dry season can last from October until May.
- Thats why its best you start looking for ways on how to lengthen the lifespan of your roof while paying attention to other factors that may affect your roofing system too.
- Maintenance You should clean out gutters regularly and avoid parking in the same place every day.
- Make sure you have a working smoke detector in your home, and keep shrubs and trees cut back at least 10 feet from the roof so they dont collect excess moisture on their leaves.
- If water has a hard time draining off your roof it can cause damage that may lead to leaks that will need professional help to fix.
- Quality of Materials Tile roofs are some of the most durable roofing on the market, but what about materials?
- Theres a variety to choose from. You can go with concrete or clay for example each has its own benefits and drawbacks depending upon where you live.
- For instance, if there is heavy snowfall, then your concrete tiles will last longer than their clay counterparts would under similar conditions because they generally dont absorb water as easily which leaves less room for expansion during freezing temperatures!
What Is The Lifespan Of A Felt Roof
A felt roof will last somewhere between 10 and 20 years. The older pour and roll method of installation has now been superseded by torch-on felt which is melt welded on to a flat roof. Felt is generally the least expensive option and was a common choice for many flat roofs before materials such as EPDM became more popular. Still, even though it is cheap, it does degrade faster, can’t be DIY installed and, as pointed out, may need replacing in as little as ten years.
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How Long Does A Stone Coated Steel Roof Last
If you havent heard of stone-coated steel tiles, youre not alone. While this type of roofing has several great features, it has not surpassed the popularity of other common roofing options. A stone-coated roof is made to look like traditional shingles but has the durability of metal. This durability means that steel roofs are also one of the longer-lasting options, with life expectancy ranging between 40 to 70 years when installed properly. They also help to reflect UV rays and have been considered to be very energy efficient.
Like traditional metal roofing, youll want to look for signs of fading or damage as a signal to call a quality roofing contractor for a free roof inspection.
How Long Does A Slate Roof Last
The lifespan of slate roofs may surprise you, with hard slate tiles coming in at anywhere from 75 to a whopping 200 years. These long-lasting slate tiles have a life that can typically survive multiple homeowners and may have new homeowners unsure of just how old their roof is.
What about slate roof, how long does a roof of its kind lasts? Soft slate also has a long lifespan and can last between 50 and 125 years. If you have a slate roof, its often difficult to know how much longer it will last or when to replace it. Determining whether you have a hard or soft slate roof will likely influence your decision to try to restore it since the hard slate has such a long life. Either way, the most apparent warning of trouble with slate roofs is when leaks start happening. A qualified contractor can quickly assess where the damage is coming from and make proper repairs if possible, further extending this already long-lasting roof option.
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What Is The Average Lifespan Of Premium Shingles
Like architectural shingles or dimensional shingles, premium asphalt shingles can withstand around 110 MPH to 130 MPH of wind uplift depending on how they are installed.
The difference between the two types of shingles is that premium shingles are generally more luxurious in appearance and are usually installed on high-end homes.
Premium shingles last from 20 to 30 years on average.
Adding a desirable roof shingle color can also add to the appeal and value of your property as well.
Seams Failure = Leaks
Here is an industry fact that most homeowners dont know even when a rubber roof is installed correctly, it will most likely still leak. This is because it is designed to have seams that are glued together, effectively keeping it watertight.
Over time, even the best glue dries up and fails in 7-10 years or sooner, allowing the seams to come apart. At that point, the roof is left completely vulnerable to water infiltration.
The worst part this is an unavoidable systemic problem with the design of this roof. The best you can do is prolong the period before the seams fail. But, they will eventually fail, nonetheless.
This is why if you want to avoid recurring leaks, it is best to install a seamless single-ply membrane, such as PVC or TPO roofing.
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Con: Finding The Right Installer
Rubber roofing has been around for 40 years, which isnt a long time compared to other roofing methods! As a result, finding an experienced roofer nearby to carry out your project may be harder than you think.
The best way for you to find a certified installer is to visit a manufacturers website or contact them directly. Many have thousands of professionals that have attended courses and have a good track record which they can share with you.
Make Use Of A Protective Cover
When your RV is not in use, it is a good idea to make use of a fitted protective cover that securely covers your RV. This way your RVs roof is free from harsh weather elements as well as accumulation of dirt and debris. It also helps to save you the stress of regular cleanings.
Make sure you choose a cover that thoroughly protects your RV roof from UV rays, moisture, and other elements that can cause it damage.
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How Long Do Architectural Shingles Or Dimensional Shingles Last
Architectural or dimensional asphalt shingles are thicker and more durable and therefore more suited to places with more extreme weather conditions.
That said, they are also more expensive but they do last between 15 to 25 years and can withstand wind uplift for up to 110 miles MPH, or even up to 130 MPH with specialized installation techniques and roof bracing.
Should You Use A Roof Sealer
Roof coatings such as EPDM, or Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer, are recommended for maintaining rubber RV roofs. This coating is a synthetic rubber material that can be used to maintain the integrity of your roof and extend its lifespan.
Roof sealers such as this can last several years, helping to prevent leaks and tears in the rubber material of your vehicles roof. Read your user manual for guidelines on when and how frequently to apply a roof sealer in order to ensure an extended lifespan of your RVs roof.
No matter which material your roof is made from, it is likely to last between 10-20 years. The more proactive maintenance you perform, the more likely you are to reach the 20-year mark before requiring a replacement. Although rubber and TPO roofs are among the most common, it is wise to consider all of your options before choosing a roof for your RV.
Although the roof of your vehicle may frequently be out of sight, it is important to remember to clean it and keep it clear of debris and dust. Once you have found the proper cleaning solution for your roofs material, all youll have to do is climb up on a ladder and give it a solid cleaning a few times a year. If you travel in an area with trees or dust, it is a good idea to clean your vehicle afterward to avoid damage.
Additional maintenance may include waxing and caulking. Learn the perfect combination of maintenance strategies for your vehicles roof, and you should be able to make it last for 20 years or more!
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How To Maintain A Flat Rubber Roof
Maintenance doesn’t have to be a chore, but it’s best to carry it out a couple of times a year, we’d suggest once in spring after the cold, damp winter months and once in autumn after the hot summer months. You should also check the roof after heavy rain to make sure that water isn’t pooling on it.
When you carry out your bi-annual maintenance, remove any debris such as leaves from the roof that could block the water from draining and cause it to pool.
If there are overhanging tree branches above your roof then cut them back, heavy branches falling on the rubber membrane could damage it.
Just as with any other roof you will need to undertake repairs occasionally. Fortunately, there are inexpensive repair kits and patches designed for easy maintenance of an EPDM roof.
Ultimate Guide To Rubber Roofing For Your Home
Low-pitched and flat roofs have a high risk of water damage due to their slow drainage. If your home has such a structure, you may wonder how to enhance its longevity and avoid leakage.
Installing single-ply rubber roofing is the best way to protect a flat or low-pitched roof from the elements. Here, we provide the ultimate guide to these materials by discussing their pros and cons. Well also answer some frequently asked questions to help you understand how to care for rubber roofing and determine if they are a suitable choice.
Recommended Reading: Trailer Roof Repair Cost | <urn:uuid:d8d3a8c3-8785-46b7-8195-8925888c3005> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.roofingproclub.com/how-long-does-a-rubber-roof-last/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949357 | 3,636 | 2.171875 | 2 |
For decades, activists have been protesting the meat-dog trade in Asia, but it’s been difficult to make inroads against a firmly entrenched tradition. But an organization called the Change for Animals Foundation is trying something new: offering dog farmers a chance to start a new life with a new business. Recently, the group bought out a farmer in South Korea, freeing 103 dogs in the process. The farmer received some money and signed a contract saying he would no longer raise dogs and would work to talk to other farmers. The rescued dogs are heading to new homes in California.
As the report makes clear, it’s not just Westerners trying to change things. As pet ownership is on the rise in Asia, many people are starting to look at dogs differently. . .
Click here for the full story and a video report. Warning: The story does get a bit preachy at the end, which is unfortunate. | <urn:uuid:77b00270-2727-4234-b17d-edff295adeab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.orvis.com/dogs/rescuers-save-more-than-100-dogs-from-a-korean-farm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.975079 | 188 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Question: How can I gain muscle while I am on a low-kilojule diet to lose weight?
Answer: Sorry bud, there’s no magic trick for this—just reality. “Chances are you won’t gain muscle while on a very-low-kilojule diet,” says Mike Roussell, Ph.D., a Men’s Health nutrition advisor. While it’s possible to gain muscle and lose weight, the lower your kilojules are, the more likely you are to lose muscle. “To boost the likelihood of gaining muscle at the same time you lose weight, put the emphasis on increasing the amount of kilojules you’re burning during exercise more than reducing how many calories you eat,” Roussell says.
Instead of focusing on less when it comes to your kilojule intake, think about more when it comes to how much protein you’re eating. Researchers at the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine found that when participants followed a reduced-kilojule diet (in which they slashed kiljojules by 40 percent) exercised daily, and ate twice the recommended daily amount (RDA) of protein, they lost just as much weight, but shed more fat and maintained more muscle mass than participants who ate the same number of calories, but consumed the RDA of protein. The RDA is .8 grams of protein per kilograms of bodyweight per day. For an 81 kilogram guy, the RDA is about 65 grams; twice that amount is 130 grams. | <urn:uuid:e9b31d1f-0fa9-4d82-b959-847dbafc7961> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mh.co.za/lose-weight-and-still-gain-muscle/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.930686 | 327 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Scriptures Commented On: Jn. 5:29; Acts 10:38, Matt. 19:17, Is. 55:8.Ezek.18:29, Ezek. 20:44, Col. 2:10, Matt. 24:38, Matt. 12:25
<LivingEM> Praise the Lord. Are there any questions?
<LAMB> I was under the impression that our physical bodies were the product of the serpent via the evolutionary process. Did Jehovah and Elohim intervene at the Tower of Babel to give us these human physical bodies? I know the scripture says the earth was divided in the days of Peleg. What does it mean exactly?
<LivingEM> "I was under the impression that our physical bodies are the product of the serpent via the evolutionary process."
<LivingEM> This is true, although the correct word is "devolution," not "evolution."
"Evolution: A gradual process in which something changes into a different, and usually more complex form."
"Devolution: A passing down or descent through successive stages of time, or a process."(1)
<LivingEM> A passing down, or a descent, which is a process, that is, it occurs is over a period of time.
To put it in everyday language, "evolution" teaches that life first appeared on this planet in the form of single-celled algae which "matured" into more and more complex, many-celled life forms, and that modern man is the product, or natural outgrowth, of organisms which developed without the help of any superior spirit or mind. It is this principle of evolution which makes the theory so offensive to many Christians.
"Evolution," to the best of my knowledge, denies any intelligence pre-existing the material world, and, to the contrary, teaches that intelligence is the outgrowth of non-intelligence.
"Devolution" teaches the concept of a superior, although disembodied, intelligence, which pre-existed all material life forms, and that the incarnated form that this disembodied intelligence takes, is this world and all of the inhabitants thereof.
This teaching is the basis upon which some followers of Eastern philosophy believe that they should not take the life of even an earth worm, because that earth worm might be their ancestor. Such a position sounds bizarre to the western mind, but we must be very careful not to mock or condemn what seems bizarre to us, because we may be hearing some unfamiliar spiritual truth, or a perversion of it, that the Lord wants to use to instruct us.
First of all, let us remember that this world that we live in is not the creation of God, but is the Primordial Serpent's creation and, therefore, the principles of "devolution," may be accurate for this world.
Devolution goes on to say that the aforementioned disembodied intelligence first incarnates as this planet, that is, as rocks and vegetation, and then as animals and finally as a human beings. When I say "finally as human beings," I am not talking about humanity in its present-day form, because, spiritually speaking, the human beings of our world, are not "men."
You see, the Doctrine of Devolution, as well as the Doctrine of Christ, teaches that the race of beings called "humanity," is really an "animal race," which exists only to be occupied by the "real," spiritual man.
Students of the Doctrine of Christ know this to be true. We are the descendants of the spiritual ox that Adam formed before time began, which was designed to be occupied by Adam, Michael, Elohim, and Jehovah. In this generation, the name of the "real man" is Christ Jesus. When we, the personality, are occupied by Christ Jesus, and Christ Jesus, our husband, ascends and marries the glorified Jesus Christ, we shall partake of all of the spiritual "manly" qualities of our husband, and of the whole household of God. We shall no longer exist as a spiritual "female," but we shall live as though we were a spiritual "man," because he who is joined to the Lord is one Spirit (1 Cor. 6:17), and forever more we shall be with the Lord (1 Thes. 4:17).
Behold, says the Lord, the old [beast lifestyle] is passing away, I am making all things new [by absorbing you into my life] (2 Cor. 5:17; Rev. 21:5).
So, the Doctrine of Devolution teaches that disembodied intelligence, or in their terms, disembodied gods, are experiencing a slow, difficult, multi-phased incarnation, which is spanning at least trillions of years, and that the end of the whole process -- which is really the formation of the host race -- is that the "real man," will inhabit the house that he has formed, just like the spider inhabits the web that she weaves. The Scripture calls the completion of this process of incarnation "the resurrection unto damnation."
Jn 5:29, And shall come forth; they that have done good, unto the resurrection of life; and they that have done evil, unto the resurrection of damnation. (KJV)
<LivingEM> To understand this Scripture, we must first review the Scriptural meaning of "good" and "evil." We dealt with this issue in a recent on-line meeting. Does anyone remember the Scriptural meaning of good and evil?
Acts 10:38, How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power: who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil; for God was with him. (KJV)
<LivingEM> Does anyone think that the "good" that Jesus did came out of the good side of the carnal mind that Jesus inherited from His mother? It did not. Jesus' inherited carnal mind was completely controlled by the resurrected Adam, the Holy One who spoke out of Jesus saying, "before Abraham was, I Am." (Jn. 8:58). The good works that Jesus did came out of righteous Adam's nature.
To God's way of thinking, the good works that come out of the carnal mind are not good, but evil, works.
Matthew 19:17, And he said unto him, Why callest thou me good? There is none good but one, that is, God: but if thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments. (KJV)
<LivingEM> So we see that, Scripturally speaking, every thought, word or deed that comes out of the Christ mind is good, and every thought, word, or deed that comes out of the carnal mind, is evil.
Is. 55:8, For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, saith the LORD. (KJV)
Ezek. 18:29, Yet saith the house of Israel, The way of the Lord is not equal. O house of Israel, are not my ways equal? Are not your ways unequal? (KJV)
Ezek 20:44, And ye shall know that I am the LORD, when I have wrought with you for my name's sake, not according to your wicked ways, nor according to your corrupt doings, O ye house of Israel, saith the Lord GOD. (KJV)
<LivingEM> Are there any questions before we go back to the main thrust of this study?
So, as I was saying, a large part of the scientific community believes in evolution, the Church believes that humanity, in its present day condition, is the creation of God, and Eastern philosophy teaches that disembodied deity formed, and is still forming the universes, to be the Primordial Serpent's many-membered "house." But the Doctrine of Christ teaches that Christ Jesus will inhabit humanity, His many-membered house (Jn. 14:2).
According to the Scripture, the Primordial Serpent is appearing in this world today as Satan, the Dragon and the Devil. Eastern thought acknowledges that the Primordial Serpent is appearing in many forms today and, in particular, as "Kundalini," the Primordial Serpent's seed in the individual. This is a parallel principle to the Doctrine of Christ teaching that Christ is the seed of the Lord Jesus Christ in the individual.
Eastern thought has no problem believing that humanity is the house that the Primordial Serpent inhabits, and will inhabit, because they acknowledge the Primordial Serpent as God. So we see that the whole world has gone astray with their understanding of the roots of our existence.
The Doctrine of Christ teaches that it was Jehovah's intention to bring his civilized world into existence without the experiential incarnation that Adam's corrupted sons are walking out. It is my understanding at this time, or until such time as the Lord, Jesus, corrects me, that the DOCTRINE OF DEVOLUTION IS, BY AND LARGE, TRUE OF ELOHIM'S FALLEN SONS WHO BECAME EVIL.
The Doctrine of Devolution describes the outward expression, the manifestation, of the Primordial Serpent's promise to the woman to mature her through experience. According to the Doctrine of Devolution, "experience" means multiple, sequential incarnations, as rock, vegetable, animal, etc. The end of "experiences" is the rebirth of Elohim's sons [who become evil when they married the Primordial Serpent] into the higher energy centers as the Primordial Serpent's pseudo "male" offspring, and their possession, in cruelty, of the female primordial ox, which is appearing today as the personalities of this world (Matt. 4:8). So we see that it was necessary for the Primordial Serpent to also lay hold of Adam, the woman's husband, to fulfill her promise of maturation through experience.
It is the sperm of Adam's loins, the "fish of the primordial sea" (Gen. 1:26) who became evil when the Primordial Serpent engraved them with her own nature, who are incarnating as rocks, vegetables, animals, personalities, etc. and it is the woman, the primordial ox that Adam formed, which dies from generation to generation because the incarnating "fish" or "sperm," feed off of her energy..
The seed of Elohim, Jehovah's spiritual seminal fluid, are spiritual "beings" which are "experiencing" reincarnation. The personalities and physical bodies which they inhabit do not reincarnate, but die from generation to generation like the leaves of the trees of this world. The root, trunk and branches of material trees continue through many seasons, but the leaves of the tree live for only one season. The root of the tree puts forth new leaves in each season, which fall off and die, never to rise again, at the end of their cycle.
The Primordial Serpent captured the energy of Adam's virile seed to build this perverse creation, which she presently inhabits, and Adam, the Tree of Life, died. Consequently, Elohim's sons are abused to this day, as they "experience" the Primordial Serpent's ungodly, tortuous, form of development called "devolution" and "reincarnation."
Are there questions about the Doctrine of Devolution verses the Doctrine of Christ?
I have been seeing a vision of someone with their mouth open for quite or while now, and I am hearing, "they are absolutely flabbergasted at what you have just said." <G>
Jehovah and Elohim are not responsible for the physical prison houses that we live in today. It was Jehovah's intention for Adam, and all of his offspring, to inhabit the primordial ox WITHOUT experiential incarnation, which brutalizes the spiritual animal and, accordingly, Jehovah commanded the incarnating, fallen sons of God to resist the Primordial Serpent's instruction to generate the host race which we now know as humanity.
The Tower of Babel represents the Primordial Serpent's spiritual male organ, which was penetrating the primordial ox and raising her up into the higher energy centers of the counterfeit timeline, where Elohim's fallen sons could lay hold of her energy. Jehovah tore down the Tower of Babel to prevent the primordial ox from being victimized by Elohim's fallen sons.
The spiritual male organ, with respect to humanity, has two parts, the shaft and the head. The head is buried in the etheric body of the individual mortal man. The shaft is in the astral plane, beyond the physical body. The name of the head is the "fiery serpent." Does anyone remember the name of the shaft of the Primordial Serpent's male organ?
<LivingEM> Yes, Leviathan is the shaft of the Primordial Serpent's male organ. The shaft and the head must be married for the complete male organ to manifest itself as a world. Each individual being is a cosmos, or a spiritual world. The full manifestation of the Primordial Serpent's world in an individual is what the Scripture calls "the resurrection of damnation," which is the regeneration of the race of men who built the Tower of Babel. The only information that I have about this race of men is that they were fierce and cruel. I do not know what they looked like, but believe that they were spiritual men who completely controlled the personality and physical body of the "house" that they lived in. I do not know whether the personality and physical body, as we see them today, are similar to the form of the primordial ox in the days of that cruel race.
Satan and Leviathan do not fully possess and control the majority of human beings today, but those deviants from normal society who are completely possessed and controlled are frequently institutionalized or jailed.
Some members of this "fierce race" obeyed Jehovah's command to refuse to form the substance of the primordial ox into an illegal spiritual dwelling. Balaam and Elijah were two of these men.
Are there any questions or comments?
Gen. 10:25, And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother's name was Joktan. (KJV)
"The earth was divided in the days of Peleg" means that in the generation represented by Peleg, or at the time that Peleg existed, the beings who inhabited the earth began to appear in the physically male and female animal bodies which we have today. Prior to Peleg's generation, the beings who inhabited the earth did not live in physical animal bodies, or reproduce as mammals do. Each being had both male and female attributes, just like many plants to do today, and were able to bring forth fully mature offspring from within themselves.
I have been preaching for a long time that mortal man fell out into male and female animal bodies in the fifth generation after Shem, Ham and Japheth, and that all of humanity which has ever existed in our present animal form, is one spiritual generation. As of this time, unless the Lord tells me otherwise, I am inclined to believe the occult teaching that the devolution of Elohim's dead seed is presently in its fifth round, and that humanity is the fifth race of the fifth round. The Doctrine of Devolution appears to line up with the Scripture on this point.
I have also preached for quite a while now, that I have no idea how long each of the previous four generations existed, or what the beings in those generations looked like. But I do believe that the four previous generations required only one completed individual to reproduce -- completed in the serpent's image of course -- which "completion" was the fruit of a spiritual marriage such as Jesus is offering us today.
True marriage is the spiritual marriage between God and man.
Col 2:10, And ye are complete in him, which is the head of all principality and power:(KJV)
<LivingEM> Christ Jesus, the high priest of the glorified Jesus Christ, the head of Satan, Leviathan and the fiery serpent, the principalities, and the powers that dwell in the third energy center, the spiritual insects of the etheric world, boils Satan away, consumes Leviathan and completes us by marrying the fiery serpent, our spiritual virginity.
Brethren, all humanity is destined to be reborn back into the higher energy centers, either in Christ Jesus' timeline, or in Leviathan's timeline. To be born again in Leviathan's timeline, is to return to the cruel spiritual world dominated by the Tower of Babel. To be born-again into Christ Jesus' timeline, is to be born into the spiritual world which Jehovah intended Adam and his descendants to inhabit.
Matthew 24:38, For as in the days that were before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noe entered into the ark.
<LivingEM> Human marriage ceases the day we enter into the ark. Christ Jesus is the ark which brings us safely through the deadly waters of Satan's astral plane, into the mental plane of Christ Jesus' timeline, where we meet and marry the glorified Jesus Christ.
Mark 12:25, For when they shall rise from the dead, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage, but are as the angels which are in heaven.
<LivingEM> The dead one is Adam. the Greek word translated "to rise," can also be translated "to stand up." the Greek word translated "neither" is a negative particle which can be translated "Leviathan." The Greek word translated "marry," means just that. The Greek word translated "given in marriage," Strong's # 1064, means "the belly," "the womb," "the stomach," all of which suggest the third energy center where the ascended fiery serpent is joined to the powers of that world.
When the dead [Adam] stands up, the fiery serpent no longer ascends into the belly (3rd energy center) to marry Leviathan, but is as the Angels in heaven.
Alternate Translation, Mark 12:25, When Adam [Christ Jesus in the New Testament] rises from the dead, He [separates] the fiery serpent who is in the belly (the third energy center), from Leviathan, and marries her, and she becomes a saraph, an Angel which inhabits heaven.
Marriage, as this world knows it, ceases to exist when we ascend to the higher centers, because ascension into the higher centers is a return to spiritual marriage. Jesus is speaking about spiritual marriage to Christ Jesus in Mark 12:25, saying, "when Christ Jesus rises from the dead in you, He will prevent Leviathan from marrying the fiery serpent, ypur spiritual virginity, and He, Christ Jesus, will marry her, and she shall become an angel."
Gensius Lexicon of the Hebrew and Chaldee Languages says that the seraphim are, "an order of angels attending upon God, and appearing with him, having six wings."
From the Primordial Serpent's viewpoint, however, there will be no more physical human marriage because the Primordial Serpent will fully possess the individual. The fiery serpent and Leviathan have a relationship in every man born of a woman, but they are not yet married to each other. The fiery serpent is destined to ascend into the third energy center, marry Leviathan, and then ascend into the higher energy centers, where the two marry the Primordial Serpent and bring forth the spiritually female fruit of this unholy union.
This is the same principle as Christ Jesus marrying the fiery serpent to become Jesus' spiritual phallus, and then ascending into the brow energy center to marry the glorified Jesus Christ.
When such a spiritual marriage -- either in Christ or in Leviathan -- takes place, human, mammalian marriage ceases to exist because the fiery serpent is the initiator of human sexuality. When the fiery serpent projects downward, the human being that she lives in desires human sexuality, but when the fiery serpent projects upward, all of her energy is directed toward Satan and Leviathan. The human sex drive then goes into dormancy, just like the feet of a bird become inoperable when the wings are actively flying. Birds cannot fly and walk at the same time because both mechanisms cannot work simultaneously. In the same manner, the fiery serpent cannot engage in external human sexuality when she is fully engaged in the spiritual sexuality of the higher centers.
I say "external human sexuality" because there is an internal human sexuality. It is common knowledge in Africa that a woman can have a "spiritual husband." This means a spiritual being who engages in internal sexual intercourse with a human woman. True spiritual marriage, which is of the mind, brings the individual human being into the higher lifestyle of the mental plane. This happen both in the timelines of Christ Jesus and Leviathan, but sometimes the spiritual marriage in Leviathan's time line goes downward instead of upward, and the human individual experiences mammalian-type sexual experiences in his or her physical sex organs, instead of experiencing ascension of mind. Men as well as women can have this experience.
Mentally ill individuals or people who are heavily sedated, frequently report spiritual rape. It is possible for a human woman to conceive from such animal type, internal intercourse. It is my understanding, that in such event, the offspring is a physical monster which is usually destroyed by the midwife or doctor. So we see that everything that the Primordial Serpent does is a perversion of Jehovah's plan for His creation.
We, the personalities of humanity, are the conscious earth. It was not the physical earth that was divided in the days of Peleg, but the spiritual, conscious earth, which we are.
Are there any questions or comments?
<Overcomer> It was the personalities that were divided?
<LivingEM> The conscious earth was divided. Today the conscious earth is appearing as the personalities of mortal humanity, but I do not know if the conscious earth was considered "personality" in past ages.
We will end with a prayer. Father, in the name of Jesus, we thank you for this message today. We thank you that there were no screen freezes. We thank you that everything went smoothly, including the operation of my voice software, which was unusually trouble free. We thank you for peace, and for truth. We thank you for your mercy Lord, which is designed to prevent us from being born again into the cruel circumstances which existed at the time of the Tower of Babel. We thank you for the Lord, Jesus, and we thank you for Christ Jesus in the midst of us, and we thank you for the privilege are bringing forth the Doctrine of Christ at this time.
You said, Lord, that you had much to tell the Pharisees, but that they could not bear it. Only the mind of Christ can deal with the knowledge of our true condition in a positive way.
Thank you for the truth which will set us free. Thank you for the courage and the strength to do our part. I thank you for every individual that you have joined to this ministry, and I thank you for all of their gifts and talents, which make this ministry all that it is. I thank you for all of the technical equipment, and the technical advisors which you have supplied, and pray that you bless them as well as us.
We ask for your blessings upon the new ministry which you have initiated here, Lord, the production of these online teachings as pamphlets, and pray that it should be all that you intend it to be.
We rebuke infirmity across the congregation, and financial problems. We curse our sin nature as Jesus cursed the fig tree.
You have not produced the fruit of God says the Lord. You must die, therefore, to the spiritual lifestyle which keeps you abiding in death, so that the Tree of Life can arise in these faithful ones who follow me everywhere.
Rev. 14:4, These are they which were not defiled with women; for they are virgins. These are they which follow the Lamb whithersoever he goeth. These were redeemed from among men, being the firstfruits unto God and to the Lamb. (KJV)
God bless you all. Good night..
1. Excerpted from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Third Edition © 1996 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Electronic version licensed from INSO Corporation; further reproduction and distribution in accordance with the Copyright Law of the United States. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:3db287cf-213d-4a04-afb4-23724f5ade59> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.livingepistles.org/index.php/online-meetings/783-devolution-vs-evolution-the-doctrine-of-christ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.964413 | 5,084 | 1.679688 | 2 |
The impact of climate change on the electricity supply industry
Since April 2020, IMI Fellow Chenghong Gu, and IMI saff Beate Ehrhardt and Chris Budd, have teamed with the National Grid Company to study publicly available data from the Met Office’s Hadley Centre. Advanced statistical methods are being used to analyse this data, to provide climate projections (of temperature, wind, snowfall, pressure etc.) for the whole of the UK and to estimate the likelihood of localised extreme weather estimates. These are then being combined with models for electricity demand, to assess the impact of climate change on the expected load on the national grid. Further models are also being developed to determine the resulting risk of localised failure of the national grid assets such as distribution cables, transformers and generators. The output of this work will be local predictions of demand and failure of the electricity network as a result of climate change over the next 30 years.
ML and optimisation
With the initial phase of this project already financially supported by industry, Chenghong will use his IMI fellowship to leverage further funding opportunities through collaboration with the IMI MIRAs and extend the scope of this project to other energy vectors, such as natural gas, heating/cooling, hydrogen, and transportation. The project will innovate machine-learning and optimisation models to untangle the multidimensional complex relationship between various weather and energy production, transportation and consumption. In this way, game-changing solutions to manage and prepare our national energy infrastructure for climate change will be produced, helping to deliver a secure, clean, low-cost energy supply. | <urn:uuid:4c683bfc-bab9-4322-9561-e0eaea29f1f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://imibath.ac.uk/projects/the-impact-of-climate-change-on-the-electricity-supply-industry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.909028 | 331 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Building resilience in the city of Melbourne
Upon visiting Melbourne in 1885, British journalist George Augustus Sala was so taken by the city’s rapid development that he coined the phrase ‘Marvellous Melbourne’.
Melbourne really does have it all — including, as we saw last month, earthquakes.
The COVID-19 pandemic may continue to dominate headlines, but natural events like last month’s 5.9 magnitude quake that shook the city have been no less frequent, and no less devastating, over the past year.
Additionally, we’ve seen wildfires decimate communities in California and Spain’s Andalusia region. We’ve watched summer flooding destroy parts of Germany, Austria and Belgium, and submerge subway systems in New York and in the Chinese city of Zhengzhou. And in Haiti, mammoth quakes have once again caused widespread devastation.
Collectively, these events reinforce the growing need to think of resilience in much broader terms; they are both a timely wake-up call to ensure our existing and new buildings have appropriate levels of resilience, and an opportunity to demonstrate the commercial benefits of doing so.
The principles of resilience encourage an integrated consideration of climate scenarios, sustainability and design excellence, and provide insights into how to manage through emergency situations in a way that can enhance economic, environmental and social outcomes.
Resilient design requires a different approach based around four questions:
- What critical flows is this asset dependent on? (e.g., water, power, information, workforce)
- What hazards endanger those flows and assets? (e.g., natural, cyber or manmade)
- What plans and countermeasures are in place to reduce the risks and mitigate the impacts of those hazards?
- What steps can be taken to increase the asset’s ability to recover faster and be more resilient?
In Australia, we’ve recently applied the above four questions to the operations and design strategies of a commercial tower and university campus.
Our review identified a range of exposure findings related to water security, critical infrastructure failure, direct attack (physical or cyber), geological hazards, economic crisis and regional conflict. The stresses were identified and the range of interdependent assets and services during a shock event relating to digital, energy, social, transport and water infrastructure were considered as we mitigated risks through our design approach and operational responses.
For landlords or developers, resilient buildings attract sales and tenants, enhance property values and dramatically improve an asset’s ability to be adapted or modified to accommodate changing needs.
The COVID-19 pandemic is a prominent case-in-point: we now have a heightened awareness of the importance of biosecurity in buildings and have accelerated the integration of resilient design approaches. Health facilities are now being designed to better respond to isolation and social distancing requirements, while encouraging greater use of natural ventilation and outdoor spaces.
Owners of other asset types can leverage lessons learned in the context of the pandemic, as well as others relating to seismic safety (where in California venues like the LA Clippers’ Intuit Dome and the Inland Empire Emergency Operations Centre are designed to meet, and even exceed, respective code requirements). The result? More resilient assets that can remain operational and minimize risk to occupants in the event of future disease outbreaks or natural events.
From the pandemic to last month’s earthquake in Melbourne, recent events have only reinforced the importance of building with resilience in mind. It’s an approach that requires planning, multidisciplinary expertise, integrated design, and a long-term view that, if embraced, will ensure our global cities, including ‘Marvellous Melbourne’, continue to grow and thrive, regardless of what might shake them. | <urn:uuid:da56d732-70ef-4f84-83a4-99f0c598de7e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aecom.com/blog/building-resilience-in-the-city-of-melbourne/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.93093 | 770 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Browse Exhibits (5 total)
A New Age of Sail examines the long history of sailing cargo vessels on the Hudson River, from the 17th century until their decline in the mid-20th century, and how the lessons of that era might help us combat the challenges of climate change in the 21st century.
This exhibit highlights the history and vessels of the passenger steamboat line, Hudson River Day Line. The Hudson River Day Line was the most famous of the Hudson River steamboat lines carrying millions of passengers over the decades on excursion trips from New York to Albany and points in between on fast, beautifully appointed steamers.
Built in 1861, decommissioned in 1917, and scrapped between 1920 and 1926, the Mary Powell remained a Hudson Valley constant during a period of incredible social and technological change in the United States. She saw the duration of the Civil War, the industrial revolution, the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, and the start of the First World War. Called "Queen of the Hudson" before construction was even completed, the Mary Powell became an iconic symbol of "America's Rhine." Operated for most of her career by one enterprising family - the Andersons - Mary Powell also represented the best of Hudson River travel - the speed, elegance, safety, and attention to detail that made travel by water preferable for many throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries.
This exhibit traces the role of the Hudson River in the American environmental movement and the influence of individuals and organizations like Scenic Hudson, Riverkeeper, Clearwater, and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation in cleaning up the Hudson River. Using primary sources like photographs and paintings, newspaper articles, ephemera, and oral histories, this exhibit provides a comprehensive and river-wide look at environmentalism from the 19th century forward, with special emphasis on the 1960s-90s.
This exhibition features tug and tow boats that powered the movement of freight along the Hudson River in the 19th and 20th centuries. | <urn:uuid:027d59fb-cb2e-411b-86cd-c87ff5225052> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://omeka.hrvh.org/exhibits?tags=Hudson+River+Maritime+Museum | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.954465 | 410 | 3.03125 | 3 |
For more than 60 years in the late 19th century and early 20th century, a New Religious Movement known as Spiritualism swept across the Western World. Everyone from famous authors to housewives took part in engaging with spirits and Mediumship via Séances and other means. These days Spiritualism is mostly taken as a period of time in which every participant was either delusional or being conned by frauds. Yet there is much more to Spiritualism and Spirit Mediumship than what most people are familiar with. Going through it with us is the one and only Dr. Jack Hunter.
Podden och tillhörande omslagsbild på den här sidan tillhör Douglas Batchelor. Innehållet i podden är skapat av Douglas Batchelor och inte av, eller tillsammans med, Poddtoppen. | <urn:uuid:b264b906-8167-4283-8f7e-270b006d7118> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://poddtoppen.se/podcast/1466549386/what-magic-is-this/spiritualism-spirit-mediumship-with-jack-hunter | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.813537 | 191 | 1.851563 | 2 |
As we near the end of what may be the longest and most contentious election in US history, I have been thinking a lot about something I read in my college English Composition textbook (which I still have after all these years). It was in a section explaining how rhetoric is used to appeal to a crowd of people, and the importance of using key words that tap into the fears and prejudices of the audience. Anyway, here is the quote:
The streets of our country are in turmoil. The universities are filled with students rebelling and rioting. Communists are seeking to destroy our country. Russia is threatening us with her might, and the public is in danger. Yes, danger from within and without. We need law and order. Yes, without law and order our nation cannot survive. Elect us, and we shall by law and order be respected among the nations of the world. Without law and order our republic shall fall.
(Excerpt from speech by Adolf Hitler: Strategies for Successful Writing)
Fear seems to be the driving motivator in this election, and regardless of a person’s political inclination, fear and insecurity are the primary impetuses in candidate selection. People supporting Trump are afraid that they are losing their jobs, that they are not being heard and represented, and that the country is heading in a direction that contradicts their beliefs. On the flip side, people supporting Clinton fear increasing racism and intolerance, increased influence of corporate interests, and loss of women’s rights. Add to that the fact that everyone, regardless of political affiliation, is concerned about terrorist threats and political instability in other countries. Put all this together, and you have an election based upon fear, which is stoked by a media that seeks to capitalize on this widespread sentiment.
I am not going to tell you who to vote for, because it is your choice and you have the right to vote your conscience. I would encourage everyone, though, to take a step back, take a deep breath, and try to make a decision that is less fear based. It is tough—trust me, I know—but it is important.
Thanks for stopping by, and keep reading and thinking. | <urn:uuid:d0d94cda-2206-4358-9493-200edcda0095> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stuffjeffreads.wordpress.com/tag/motivation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.971428 | 443 | 2.21875 | 2 |
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With this view, he proposed the adoption of regulations securing them against imposition, in the alienation of their lands, and extending to this unenlightened race the benefits of commerce and civilization, and inflicting punishment on those, who should violate their rights. This humane policy, was afterwards pursued by the government. This session was principally spent in carrying into effect the new system of government, extending its benefits to every part of the union, and securing to all, the fruits of their own industry. For these purposes, laws were passed concerning the fisheries, and the government and regulation of fishermen employed therein-declaring what officer should act as president of the United States, in case of a vacancy-establishing a mint, and regulating the coins of the United States-apportioning the representatives among the several states, according to the first enumeration-providing more effectually for the national defense, by establishing an uniform militia system, and for calling forth the militia in the exigences mentioned in the constitution. On the subject of apportioning the representatives, a difference arose between the senate and house, with respect to the ratio to be adopted, and the mode of applying it. A bill passed both houses, fixing the ratio at one member for every thirty thousand; and the whole federal number in the United States, was divided by this sum, and the numbers produced by this division, was apportioned among the states by this ratio, giving to each state its number, and the residue was apportioned among the states which had large fractions. The president very justly considered this mode of apportionment, as contrary to the constitution, and returned the bill to congress with his objections. The first was that the constitution had prescribed, that representatives should be apportioned among the several states, according to their respective numbers; and that there was no one proportion or division, which applied to the respective states, would yield the number and allotment of representatives proposed by the bill. The second, that by the constitution, the number of representatives should not exceed one for every thirty thousand; which restriction, by the fair and obvious construction, was to be applied to
the separate and respective states; and that the bill had alloted to eight states, more than one for every thirty thousand. This was the first instance, in which the president had exercised his qualified veto, to any act of congress. The bill not being repassed by two thirds of both houses, was rejected. A bill was afterwards passed, apportioning the representatives, agreeably to a ratio of one for every thirty thousand in each state, which received the sanction of the president; and this mode of apportionment has since been pursued.
Early in the session, the president communicated to congress, the unfortunate defeat of general St. Clair and his army, by the Indians. In consequence of this, the frontiers were left more exposed to Indian depredations; and the number of the regular troops was augmented, and additional duties laid on various imported articles, to defray the expense.
The administration of the general government was disturbed this year, not only by the continuance of Indian hostilities, but by an increased opposition, in some parts of the union, to the laws laying a duty on domestic spirits. This opposition had been carried so far, as to require a proclamation from the president, warning all persons against unlawful combinations and proceedings, tending to obstruct the operation of the laws. These subjects, among others, were noticed by the president, in his communication to congress, at the commencement of their session on the 6th of November, 1792.
It was apparent that the two great parties, originally formed at the time of the adoption of the constitution, and which from various causes, had since increased, began now to be more distinctly marked. Those originally opposed to the new government, as was to be expected, watched with a jealous eye, every exercise of power under it.
Individuals who had foretold the evil consequences of adopting the system, without previous amendments, and who had been disappointed, in the alterations proposed by congress, would naturally lay hold of every act of the government, tending to shew the truth of their predictions: and pride of opinion would be in
terested, not only in proclaiming, but magnifying real or supposed evils.
Nor was the opposition limited to the unconstitutionality of the acts of the general government,-it extended to many of the great and important measures of its administration.
The funding system generally, the assumption of the state debts, the bank, and duties on domestic spirits, were objects of the most severe attack; and the secretary of the treasury, who was considered as the author of them, had become very unpopular in some parts of the union.
The difference between the heads of the departments of state and treasury, on some important questions, which had been agitated in the cabinet, was well known and felt in congress and elsewhere. The public conduct and political characters of the gentlemen at the head of these departments, in the course of the year 1792, had been the subject of severe newspaper animadversions. Mr. Hamilton was viewed not only as the author of the funding system, the bank, and other measures deemed either unconstitutional, or highly injurious to the public interest, but was charged with hostility to republican principles and state rights. Mr. Jefferson, on the other hand, was considered hostile to the constitution, and was accused of being opposed to the administration of which he was a member, and of taking measures to reduce the powers of the general government, within too narrow limits.
During this session, an inquiry was instituted in the house of representatives, into the official conduct of the secretary of the treasury. This was commenced by Mr. Giles, by calling for information from the president and secretary, relative to loans, negociated in pursuance of the acts of the 4th and 12th of August, 1790, and the management and application of these loans; as well as the application and management of the revenue generally. The resolutions introduced for the purpose of obtaining this information, were adopted by the house. The object of the mover was disclosed in his remarks in support of them. them. These remarks he concluded by saying-" Candor, however, induces me to acknowledge, that impressions, resulting from my inquiries
into this subject, have been made upon my mind, by no means favorable to the arrangements made by the gentleman at the head of the treasury department."
The report of the secretary, in answer to this call for information, evinced that his pride was not a little wounded by the remarks of Mr. Giles. "The resolutions," he said, " to which I am to answer, were not moved without a pretty copious display of the reasons on which they were founded. These reasons are of a nature to excite attention, to, beget alarm, to inspire doubts.
"Deductions of a very extraordinary complexion, may, without forcing the sense, be drawn from them. I feel it incumbent upon me, to meet the suggestions which have been thrown out, with decision and explicitness. And while I hope I shall let fall nothing inconsistent with the cordial and unqualified respect which I feel for the house of representatives, while I acquiesce in the sufficiency of the motives that induced, on their part, the giving a prompt and free course to the investigation proposed, I cannot but resolve to treat the subject with a freedom which is due to truth, and the consciousness of a pure zeal for the public interest."
Having endeavored to shew the fallacy of the statements made by the mover of the resolutions, in conclusion he observed,-"Thus have I not only furnished a just and affirmative view of the real situation of the public accounts, but have likewise shewn, I trust, in a conspicuous manner, fallacies enough in the statements, from which the inference of an unaccounted for balance is drawn, to evince that it is one tissue of error."
Soon after this report was made, Mr. Giles submitted to the house several resolutions, containing charges against the secretary. The substance of them was, that he had failed to give congress information, in due time, of monies drawn from Europe -that he had violated the law of the 4th of August, 1790, by an unauthorized application of money borrowed under it,—that he had drawn part of the money into the United States, without any instructions from the president-that he had exceeded his author. ity in making loans, under the acts-that without instructions from the president, he had drawn more of the money borrowed
in Holland, than he was authorized by those acts, and that he had been guilty of an indecorum to the house, in undertaking to judge its motives in calling for information. The charges contained in these resolutions being considered either frivolous or unsupported, the resolutions themselves were negatived by large majorities.
The states were not a little alarmed at a decision of the supreme court of the United States, at their session in February, 1793. The court at this sesion, four judges against one, decided, that a state was liable to a suit, in favor of an individual. This important and interesting question came before the court, in a suit instituted by a citizen of South Carolina, against the state of Georgia. The process was served, by leaving a copy with the governor, and also with the attorney general of that state-it was made returnable to August term, 1792; and was continued to February following. The state of Georgia did not appear, and the question was argued solely by the attorney general of the United States, in favor of the plaintiff.
The decision was grounded on that part of the constitution, establishing the federal judiciary, which declares, that the judicial power should extend among other cases, "to controversies between a state and citizens of another state." The court were of opinion, that this was not limited to controversies, where the state was plaintiff.
In consequence of this decision, in the summer of 1793, a suit was also commenced by an individual against the state of Massachusetts, and suits against other states, were no doubt, in contemplation. Congress, at their next session, proposed an amendment to the constitution, declaring, that the judicial power of the general government, should not be construed to extend to any suit, in law or equity, against any state, by the citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state. This was afterwards ratified by the states, and became a part of the constitution.
The 4th of March, 1793, closed the sessions of the second congress, as well as the first term of the administration of president Washington. | <urn:uuid:efa30937-ca95-47d0-8d99-d0c471eea1d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://books.google.com.sv/books?id=5BA1zOK2j3oC&pg=PA351&focus=viewport&vq=%22it+is+expedient,+that+on+the+second+Monday+in+May+next,+a+convention+of+delegates,+who+shall+have+been+appointed%22&dq=editions:HARVARD32044024293110&lr=&output=html_text | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.986543 | 2,201 | 3.1875 | 3 |
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We will create websites which will be professional, responsive for your business, compatible on all devices and will have perfect layout. Easy to edit websites by your company to update all the content efficiently and quickly. | <urn:uuid:33ade83e-e065-44e7-807a-b6344e9b2315> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://herbal.cyborgmediatech.com/wordpress-website/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.934517 | 753 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Christoffer Carlsson is one of the youngest and most interesting today´s Swedish authors and at Pontaswe have the pleasure to be representing him internationally. His new novel, The Invisible Man from Salem, is being printed at the moment and will be launched in Sweden on August 28th, 2013, by Piratförlaget. Translation rights of Christoffer´s previous novels, The Case of Vincent Franke and The One-Eyed Rabbit, have been sold into six languages so far; and there is a film adapting The One-Eyed Rabbit currently in development by Swedish producer Helen Lindholm at Atmo .
Some information about the author in his own words: “I’m now less than one year away from being a PhD in Criminology. My dissertation is almost done. In 2012, I was awarded the international European Society of Criminology’s Young Criminologist Award, for my research on criminal offenders, “turning points” and desistance from crime (that is, why and how criminal offenders stop committing crimes and try to live a “crime-free” life). The award has been around since 2006 (I think) and I’m the first Swede to have received it. Pretty cool for a young man from a small town in the South of Sweden.”
Why this novel? Christoffer Carlsson says: “When I’d finished The One-Eyed Rabbit I wanted to write about something very different. I think that’s something you often do as an author; you finish something and what you do next tends to in many ways be the opposite of what you’ve just done. I wanted to write about Stockholm again, and what it looks and feels like today, in 2013. I wanted to explore how much you have to “push” somebody in order to get them truly desperate and make them do things they would never do otherwise. Can we truly, rationally understand why somebody would do a basically irrational action?
I wanted to explore what happens to somebody whose identity no longer exists, and what that can do to a person. I wanted to write about crime, about friendship and love gone wrong, about the effects of bullying, youth violence, and alienation, and about the corruption of power within the Swedish police force. Sweden today, in 2013, especially for young people, looks a lot like it did in the early-to-mid 1990s, during and in the aftermath of the ‘90s Crisis. We have a racist party in the Swedish parliament. Unemployment is high. The distance between the classes is growing faster in Sweden than in any other OECD country. This distance grows not only economically but also socially… While not a political statement or a social analysis of the current state of Sweden, I wanted to write a book with this development as a frame. Growing up in the suburb Salem in the mid 1990s, Leo and his friends are used to police violence and alienation. Being 33 years old in 2013, Leo witnesses the decay of Stockholm, its institutions and organizations and inhabitants.
All these things (and probably some things I’m not consciously aware of) led to the turn my writing took withThe Invisible Man from Salem. But more than anything, I wanted to write a story that would excite the readers! A story that would scare them, make them laugh, make them cry, and make them shudder – all within the same chapter.”
More information: Marina Penalva Halpin – firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:15925fed-e9d7-4dc4-941e-433244987d25> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pontas-agency.com/about-christoffer-carlssons-new-novel-to-be-published-in-august-2013/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965385 | 732 | 1.546875 | 2 |
In Italy, it's tradition to celebrate Father's Day with Italian doughnuts known as "zeppole"- a custom we (and dad) can get behind!
In Italy, most holidays hold food in great importance - and on Father's Day (which falls on March 19th there!) the celebratory fare is Italian doughnuts. Specifically, there are two varieties: one called the the bigné di San Giuseppe, and the other known as a zeppola di San Giuseppe. They're quite similar - both sugary fried doughnuts stuffed with pastry cream or ricotta cheese, but the zeppola gets a black cherry right on top. While those two doughnuts reign supreme on Father's Day, streets everywhere in Italy are lined with tons of different fried pastries of all kinds. Sounds pretty good to us!
Celebrating Father's Day with doughnuts might not be a "tradition" here in the 'States, but it's certainly not unheard of to grab a signature pink box of doughnuts to indulge on with the papa in your life. Why not take the custom a step further, and learn how to make Italian doughnuts for father's day? (AKA, zeppole!)
What are zeppole?
A zeppole, in the simplest of definitions, is an Italian doughnut! It's more similar to a beignet or a fritter than a traditional American doughnut. They're light and airy, and impossibly delicious and addictive.
Giada's coffee-glazed zeppole recipe is incredibly simple to execute: first off, there's no yeast involved! The dough is more reminiscent of the French pâte à choux pastry (the one used to make eclairs, cream puffs, and even churros!). While it might sound complicated, it's not - the steps are really easy to follow, and you can have zeppole ready to go within 30 minutes of getting started!
Just simmer water, sugar and butter in a pan, then add flour once it's simmering. Stir until combined and no flour lumps are left. Next, move the dough to a mixer, and add eggs. Refrigerate the dough for a few minutes while you get your oil hot and your glaze ready. Fry up the little zeppole with a small ice cream scoop or tablespoon, rescue them from the oil with a spider strainer, dip in glaze - and ta-da, fresh coffee-glazed zeppole are ready to be eaten! And trust us - there are few things tastier in this world than a warm, fresh zeppole with a cup of hot coffee. Any dad will be glad to have this made for him on Father's Day!
You don't even need to dip them all in the coffee glaze (but it's seriously delicious!). You can easily dust them with powdered sugar instead, or even dip them into some nutella or jam. | <urn:uuid:e547ab5d-e40a-4284-85c6-32a06f0d3a24> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://giadzy.com/blogs/tips/how-to-make-italian-doughnuts-giada-de-laurentiis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.955437 | 614 | 1.578125 | 2 |
nick.bollweg at gmail.com
Sat Oct 11 14:23:28 EDT 2014
You can stick the whole thing in an iframe, and it will work pretty much as
it is right now... the crucial bit of magic will be keeping that link
between those two documents. Here is a gist with an untested 20% solution:
Now the widget and the d3 stuff will exist in two separate documents, with
frame with view.frame... the other direction is trickier, and if you end up
needing to do that, just rewrite the whole thing to be outside of a frame :)
- You may want to explore some patterns, like
http://bost.ocks.org/mike/chart/, to encapsulate the relationship
between data/drawing inside the iframe: right now, if a widget were to
- You'll probably want to explore d3.dispatch, so that you can create
custom events (like nodeAdd, nodeRemove, etc) that the widget
can react to.
This may be a cleaner way than trying to "share" data
- be careful of force layout changing your data (nodes, links) in-place,
adding x, y, px, py, etc.
- when a user changes nodes/links form outside the visualization, you'll
probably need to do some things to force... but you'll want to run them at
the same time.
- look at Backbone.Model.changed
<http://backbonejs.org/#Model-changed> and Widget.hold_sync
to make sure that this happens atomically... or get ready for a
lot of svg
All that being said: a well-structured backbone view, which every widget
must be, will be more maintainable in the long run. Just having evented
get/set on the model, and maybe some custom collections, might be worth the
price of admission.
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More information about the IPython-dev | <urn:uuid:74024092-b8e5-44f6-acb1-e6027b3d190b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mail.python.org/pipermail/ipython-dev/2014-October/014062.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.831422 | 611 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Description from Flora of China
Annuals or perennials. Leaf blades linear, flat; ligule membranous. Inflorescence condensed, a narrowly spikelike or capitate panicle, ± 1-sided, bearing paired dimorphic spikelets, the outer of each pair sterile and covering a fertile spikelet. Fertile spikelet with (1–)2–5 florets, laterally compressed, disarticulating above glumes and between florets; glumes subequal, narrow, thin, acute; lemmas leathery, rounded on back, 5-veined, scabrid upward, apex acute, narrowly obtuse or bidenticulate, mucronate or awned. Sterile spikelet flattened, reduced to distichously pectinate glumes and sterile empty lemmas, persistent on panicle. Caryopsis elliptic or oblong, adherent to palea. x = 7.
Eight species: N Africa, SW Asia, Europe; introduced elsewhere; one species (introduced) in China.
(Authors: Chen Shouliang (陈守良); Sylvia M. Phillips) | <urn:uuid:84ce5a43-5919-4b0f-9bdb-f35b5ceaddb4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=3&taxon_id=108998 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.787526 | 245 | 2.546875 | 3 |
This past week, President Biden addressed Congress and the American people to make his case for a 1.8 trillion dollar spending bill targeted at families and education called the American Families Plan. He has proposed to pay for this additional government spending through tax increases targeted at corporations and wealthy individuals whom he argues don’t currently pay their “fair share.”
In this column I will not be addressing the question of what is fair. That’s for politicians to argue about. Instead, using the most recent governmental data I can find, I will simply try to ascertain an approximation of how much of an average income goes to the various forms of taxation we all pay. While individual cases vary greatly, I thought it would be interesting to cut away the spin, and see what the truth is about who pays what in the form of taxes.
Numbers are interesting things. While they never lie, they can easily be used to deceive. Depending on the motivations of the person quoting them, they can usually make a case for any point of view. When it comes to tax rates, many will often point to one particular statistic or data point and use it as evidence for or against the present tax code. Conservatives opposed to tax hikes on the rich are usually quick to point out statistics like the one coming from the Congressional Budget Office which said in 2018 the top 1% paid 33% of all federal taxes while the poorest 20% of our population averaged just 1.7%.
The problem with this statistic is it leaves out local and state taxes that tend to be far more regressive in nature. For example, according to the American Petroleum Institute the average gas tax paid by Americans is currently 55 cents a gallon. Obviously the cost of a tank of gas then accounts for a significantly higher portion of one’s total income the lower that person’s income is. The same can be said for the cost of food, utilities etc.
Those on the left make similar arguments claiming that the rich barely pay any tax at all, and will cite individual cases like Warren Buffet claim that he pays a lower tax rate than his secretary, or the report that President Trump paid only $750 in federal income taxes in 2017 as proof that the rich don’t pay enough. The problem with this kind of anecdotal evidence is it may lack proper context or not represent that group as a whole.
According to the IRS in 2018, the average American family’s household income was $51,666 and they paid a total of $15,748 (or 30.5% of their income) in federal, state and local taxes. During that same timeframe, the average person in the top 20% of earners made $332,200, and paid $108,886 in total taxes (or roughly 32.7% of their total income). On the other end of the spectrum the poorest fifth of American households averaged an income of just $13,775 and paid $3,519 (or roughly 25.5% of total income) in taxes.
While these numbers are accurate and give some perspective on how much the average US citizen pays in taxes, it’s not the whole story. In order to fully capture an individual tax rate, you must not only consider what they have paid to governments, but also what they have received in cash and non-cash government entitlements such as Social Security, Medicaid, Medicare, and various other tax credits.
The poor in our country receive a significantly higher ratio when compared to other economic groups of these types of benefits. According to the IRS, in 2018 the bottom 20% received approximately $25,000 of direct government benefits.
With that additional amount factored in, the lowest 20% actually paid an effective tax rate of about 9% in 2018. Using the same formula to calculate things for the middle 20% and upper 20% I found that when adding the approximate $19,000 and $11,000 in benefits the middle fifth and top fifth receive respectively, we find that the middle 20% of families pay roughly 22% in total taxes, and the upper 20% paid a little over 31.5%.
Is a third of one’s income going to taxes enough for the wealthiest of Americans? I’m not sure, however, one thing I am sure of is, as a nation, as a whole our citizens are not paying enough in taxes to keep up with our current level of governmental spending. This trend of deficit spending is not sustainable and I fear for our nation’s economic future if we don’t correct this problem soon. | <urn:uuid:c089a324-55fe-44f2-859e-8c8017598ed3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stewcap.com/straight-scoop-on-taxes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965161 | 933 | 2.046875 | 2 |
No. 12, 2005
Collaborative Archaeological Team of IA, CASS, and Japan Nara Cultural
Properties Research Institute, A New Discovery on the Site of Taiyechi Pool
in the Daminggong Palace of Tang Chang’an City, Xi’an -----------------------( 3 )
Bai Yunxiang et al., Academic Journals and Archaeology Flourishing in the New
Century: Pen Conversations on the 50th Anniversary of the Initial Publication
of Periodical Kaogu -------------------------------------------------------------------(7 )
Institute of Archaeology, CASS, et al., Excavation on the Water Valve Site at the
Northern Gate of the Great Song City in Yangzhou, Jiangsu --------------------(21 )
Archaeology Department of Shandong University and Shouguang
Municipal Museum, Trial Excavation on the Western Zhou Saltern Site at
Dahuangbeiyang in Shouguang City, Shandong -----------------------------------(24 )
Xuzhou Museum, Western Han Tombs at Gushan in Xuzhou City, Jiangsu -------( 48 )
Zhang Yinwu, A Study of Chu-system Ritual Tables of the Pre-Qin Period -------( 59 )
Bai Yunxiang and Zhang Guangming, Discovery and Study of the Han Period
Mirror-molds from the Site of the Qi State Capital Linzi, Shandong -----------( 68)
Liu Yu et al., Analysis of the Han Period Mirror-mold from the Qi State Capital
Linzi in Shandong ----------------------------------------------------------- ----------( 84 )
Bai Yunxiang et al., Academic Journals and Archaeology Flourishing in the New Century: Pen Conversations on the 50th Anniversary of the Initial Publication of Periodical Kaogu
KEY WORDS: periodical Kaogu 50th anniversary of the initial publication new century flourishing
ABSTRACT: The periodical Kaogu (Archaeology) has gone through a 50-year course since its initial publication in 1955. In the past 50 years, it has adhered to the purpose of serving, promoting and guiding learning, added remarkable contributions to the development of Chinese archaeology, and played an important role in guiding the direction of learning, strengthening the construction of archaeology, cultivating professional personnel and promoting Sino-foreign cultural exchange. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of its initial publication, the editorial board invited archaeological experts and scholars to pen conversations so as to look back on the course of its growth and to look forward to the advance of archaeological journals and the flourishing development of the whole discipline in the new century.
Institute of Archaeology, CASS, et al., Excavation on the Water Valve Site at the Northern Gate of the Great Song City in Yangzhou, Jiangsu
KEY WORDS: Yangzhou Great Song City northern gate water valve blue-and-white porcelain of the Yuan period
ABSTRACT: The water valve site at the northern gate of the Great Song City is one of the important remains of ancient Yangzhou City from the Sui to the Song periods. Excavation clarified preliminarily its shape, layout and date. It was built no earlier than the Five Dynasties period and abandoned in the Yuan dynasty, and its vault may have fallen in the Ming period. Well preserved in layout and remaining intact in structure, the site reflects clearly that the water valve along with the northern gate and its barbican formed an important hub of land and water communications in the northern Yangzhou City of the Song-Yuan period. The excavation verified the literal record on the existence of water valves in the Great Song Yangzhou City and the related statement in the Yingzao Fashi (《营造法式》 Building Standards). It has great significance to the complete revelation of the City’s aspect, providing important material data for studying its land and water communications and historical aspect in the Song-Yuan period.
Archaeology Department of Shandong University and Shouguang Municipal Museum, Trial Excavation on the Western Zhou Site at Dahuangbeiyang in Shouguang City, Shandong
KEY WORDS: Dahuangbeiyang site Western Zhou period
ABSTRACT: In March to May 2001, the Archaeology Department of Shandong University and the Shouguang Municipal Museum carried out a trial excavation on the Dahuangbeiyang site. They revealed a sea-salt producing site of the earlier Western Zhou period, which yielded clay pits, hardened plant ashes and deposits, and pottery vessels, mainly helmet-shaped objects. These findings furnish important material to studying early sea-salt production.
Xuzhou Museum, Western Han Tombs at Gushan in Xuzhou City, Jiangsu
KEY WORDS: Xuzhou City Gushan Hill Western Han tombs Tomb-figurine pit
ABSTRACT: The present paper reports the three Western Han tombs excavated at Gushan in the northeastern suburb of Xuzhou City. Tombs M1 and M3 are rock-cut rectangular shaft-and-cave graves. The former has a larger chamber and an accompanying burial, and is furnished with a niche and a pit for pottery tomb-figurines, while the latter is smaller in size. M2 is a rock-cut pit burial accompanying M1. The unearthed objects fall into pottery, ironware, bronzes and jades. In date M1 and M2 belong to the later early Western Han period while M3 to the mid and late Western Han. Their excavation provided important data for studying the burial institution and material culture of the Western Han period in the Xuzhou area.
Zhang Yinwu, A Study of Chu-system Ritual Tables of the Pre-Qin Period
KEY WORDS: mid Warring States period Chu system ritual tables Qingdafu vassal stratum
ABSTRACT: The present paper analyzes the name, shape and combination of Chu-system ritual tables and takes into account the decipherment results recently acquired in the study of bamboo slips with lists of tomb furniture. On this basis the author comes to the conclusion that during the Warring States period, aristocratic tombs were generally furnished each with two groups of ritual tables, which belonged to two adjacent grades. One group is larger in size and occurs in each tomb in one set varying in number; the other is smaller and occurs in one or several sets in each case. The two combinations can be assigned to the qingdafu vassal stratum of the mid Warring States period. They reflect the ripeness and standardization of the ritual table using institution at that time.
Bai Yunxiang and Zhang Guangming, Discovery and Study of the Han Period Mirror-molds from the Site of the Qi State Capital Linzi, Shandong
KEY WORDS: site of the Qi State capital Linzi Han period Pottery molds of bronze mirrors Casting technology of bronze mirrors
ABSTRACT: Since 1940, five batches of 25 Han mirror-molds have been successively unearthed from the ruined Qi State capital Linzi in Shandong, which has so far been the only locality of Han pottery molds for casting bronze mirrors. These objects are light in weight and belong to fine sandy clay ware with a large amount of rice-husk ash. They fall into the type for the obverse and that for the reverse with four-nipple and herb-leaf (the commonest decoration), linked-arc (in case of having a dagger-shaped mirror-edge), and TLV and herb-leaf patterns. In date they belong to the Western Han period. These finds indicate that in the Western Han, bronze mirrors were cast with compound pottery molds in double sections, which were all made in molds and then fired, and each used for casting only one mirror rather than for repeated use. Their regionalism is directly relative to their producing areas and varieties. The discovery and study of these mirror-molds marks an important advance in research on Han bronze mirrors and the casting technology of ancient mirrors.
Liu Yu et al., Analysis of the Han Period Mirror-mold from the Site of the Qi State Capital Linzi in Shandong
KEY WORDS: Western Han mirror-mold analysis of material phytolith analysis
ABSTRACT: The examination and analysis of bronze-mirror molds constitutes an important means for the study of mirror-casting technology. Such inquiry, however, was not made in the past. By using the ICP, XRD, XRF, SEM, phytolith analysis and DIL methods, the authors make physical and chemical studies on the shard of a Han period mirror-mold from the Qi State capital-site in Zibo City, Shandong Province. The research results in the composition of the material, mineral, temper and surface, the compactness and water-absorbing rate of the body and the temperature of firing suggest that the selection of materials and making techniques for this type of mold was mainly to meet the need of high-level strict casting technology. | <urn:uuid:48415a6d-164f-4050-8c8e-c4dcf9e2c290> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.kaogu.cn/en/Publication/Journals/Kaogu__Archaeology_/2013/1025/31611.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.894039 | 1,920 | 1.71875 | 2 |
This is the week when applying to college gets hard. The first few weeks of senior year are all about basking—basking in the glory of being a senior and Ruling the School, thrilled at the great colleges you’ve discovered that have so much to offer, and totally jazzed knowing you will never take another SAT in your life.
That’s sure the fun part, but now we’re in application mode, and it’s time to do the work that brings the college dream to life. This part isn’t always viewed as fun, especially when you have to fill out lots of application forms that ask for the same thing (there’s an easy solution to that, by the way). Once you’re done writing down your name, address, and high school code for the umpteenth time, you run into the essays, questions designed for the colleges to get to know you.
That should seem like a good time—hey, I finally get to talk about me!—but too many students overthink the essays, and turn them into stilted speeches, not ideas that inspire. Trouble is, once you get stuck on the essays, thinking about them just seems to make things worse, less fresh—less you.
Take a look at this. It’s a clip from the 1943 film Stormy Weather, and the dancers are brothers Fayard and Harold Nicholas [dance begins at 1:32]. Dance was hugely popular in the forties, and movies were rich with some of the biggest names in popular dance history—Gene Kelly, Donald O’Connor, Ginger Rogers, and more. After this film came out, the biggest name in popular dance, Fred Astaire, called this performance by the Nicholas Brothers the greatest recorded dance performance in the history of film. Even today, historians make the same claim, Michael Jackson notwithstanding.
What makes this performance so incredible, besides the fact they somehow defy gravity about six gazillion times? What you see here is the first take of the performance. In fact, it’s the only take. They didn’t shoot a second take, and there was no rehearsal beforehand. They got up, danced, and sat down.
This is exactly what your college essays need right now—more you. Get yourself in front of a keyboard, and write down what you want the college to know about you. Don’t worry about how well it answers the question, or how well constructed the sentences are. The colleges want to see you on paper. Do that.
Here’s the part where we have to be a little less like the Nicholas Brothers. Now that you’ve got some of yourself in writing, it’s time to focus, expand, clarify—in other words, fine tune your ideas. It’s easy to see how this can be drudgery. That’s why you print out what you just wrote before you change any of it. What’s on that page is your goal. What do you have to do to make sure that’s clearly stated?
Once you think you’re close, it’s time to show it to someone else. The Nicholas Brothers may not have rehearsed this piece, but this wasn’t the very first day they ever danced. When it comes to writing, you’re still working on that “getting up from doing the splits” thing, so it’s important to get some help before you hurt yourself, or your chances of getting into college. Find an English teacher who knows you, and who gets that this is a personal essay, not a book report, and they will gently guide you to even greater clarity. | <urn:uuid:9d493c33-b1b9-49d9-a47b-729cc2bb645f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hscw-counselorscorner.blogspot.com/2019/09/applying-to-college-watch-this-video.html?showComment=1568924870628 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963583 | 776 | 1.890625 | 2 |
— David R. Whitesell. A Curator’s Wunderkammer. A Decade of Collecting for the University of Virginia. Exhibition Catalog. [Charlottesville: University of Virginia Library], 2022. Illustrated throughout. [iv], 105 pp. Edition of 500 copies [in fact, 310]. $25.00.
David Whitesell’s Wunderkammer exhibition is a retirement party in material form, a late career greatest hits selection of sixty-four books, manuscripts, and ephemera he bought for Special Collections at the University of Virginia Library during a decade at as curator at the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia (previously he was at the American Antiquarian Society for many years). The exhibition runs through July but information seems meager on the UVa website, so I will treat this catalogue as my invitation to the party (complete with a transcript of all the speeches!) and write about it.
A Curator’s Wunderkammer includes is divided into five broad categories: Jefferson, Virginia, & American History (23 items); English Literature (5 items); American Literature (7 items); Printing, Publishing & Book Arts (19 items); and Omnium Gatherum (10 items). Boundaries are usually a lot fuzzier than people think, and here, too: many of the items in the Omnium Gatherum have an Americana flavor. This is only a tiny selection from some 15,000 items Whitesell purchased, but they document the curator’s energies and the range of materials that he has seen. The items include a Jefferson manuscript and the diary of a young lady growing up in Virginia during the Civil War (this is after all, Jefferson’s university); the first novel by an American-born author; a rare Boston imprint of Meat out of the Eater and Day of Doom; the decorative wrapper for a ream of paper from a Hartford Mill; a memoir of a Bavarian soldier in the first world war; a private manuscript anthology of the poet Chatterton; and a fragment of Washington Irving letter, just before his career took off with The Sketch Book.
Whitesell pays attention to poetry (he was editor of Roger Stoddard’s monumental Bibliographical Description of Books and Pamphlets of American Verse Printed from 1610 through 1820). Notable here are a family copy of an early American utopia in verse, The United Worlds (1834), which conclusively identifies the author, and The Eucleia (ca. 1865), a nonce collection of the works of William Cook, mendicant poet and self-publisher in Salem, Mass., reflecting Whitesell’s interest in “nineteenth-century non-canonical verse”. And then there is the rare and remarkable and potent America and other poems by James Monroe Whitfield (Buffalo, 1853).
The last item in the catalogue is the manuscript of an essay, “La biblioteca total”, written by Jorge Luis Borges for Sur (August 1939), which is identified as a precursor of the story, “La biblioteca de Babel” (The Library of Babel), published two years later in El jardín de senderos que se bifurcan. No wonder he describes this as “the prize, and if I must choose, my favorite UVA acquisition”.
In this catalogue Whitesell names the booksellers from whom he purchased materials (this aspect of the history of the object is usually omitted); and so this catalogue becomes a an account of relationships between the antiquarian trade and a knowledgeable institutional buyer. He writes discursively on his selection process and the constantly changing nature of the book trade. This is a fun catalogue.
[Note: The colophon states 500 copies printed, but due to paper shortages only 310 were in fact printed. If you want one, best to act soon.Details: https://at.virginia.edu/wunderkammer] | <urn:uuid:3839530a-e24b-4e08-804c-a84243537561> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://endlessbookshelf.net/2022/04/04/a-wunderkammer-in-virginia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.923703 | 830 | 1.625 | 2 |
Adaptive Medicine, is a blind peer-reviewed journal, open access quarterly journal. This journal has a good editorial staff and is financially supported by the Society of Adaptive Science in Taiwan, the Taiwan Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management. Adaptive Medicine is an international academic journal that disseminates novel knowledge in adaptive changes occurring in response to different environmental factors, exercise training, hypoxia, temperature change, microgravity, and various pathological conditions or drug administration. Its principle aim is to further the understanding of the basic mechanisms of adaptations at molecular, cellular, and physiological levels as well as at the level of complex interactions responsible for the integrated control of body functions. Another objective consists in the better understanding of dismissed adaptations responsible for disease development. Finally, studies of different cross-adaptations continue to receive increasing attention as it was demonstrated that repeated exposure to specific stress stimuli may have applications in the treatment and prophylaxis of different diseases. These observations lead to the recognition of a new discipline of adaptive medicine which offers promise for therapeutic strategies in both experimental and clinical pathology.
Submission processing fee
Adaptive Medicine does not charge a fee for processing submissions. The journal is free to authors.
Authors hold the copyright on their papers without restrictions and retain it without restrictions after publication of the papers on the journal’s website. Authors can deposit a copy of their paper of any version in an institutional or other repository of their choice without embargo, provided that the author and the original source are properly cited.
Articles are published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY) license, which allows unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation of the articles by any means and in any format, provided that the author and the original source are properly cited.
All of the articles published online on the http://dx.doi.org/10.4247%2fAM website are open access as defined under the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI). Users are authorized to read, download, copy, distribute, print, research and create a link to the integral text of articles or to re-use them for any other legitimate purpose without asking for permission from the editor or the author, provided that the author and the original source are properly cited.
Indexing and Digital Preservation
Articles from Adaptive Medicine receive Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) from the Crossref organization to ensure they can always be found. Articles have the immediate benefit of being indexed in Google, Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic Search, PubMed (NIH funded research), and innumerable other search engines.
ISSN (E) 2218-340X
ISSN (P) 2076-944X
ISSN (L) 2076-944X | <urn:uuid:d83a7cbe-aaf9-4f36-b3ff-52c6767a9f82> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://am1.mkc.edu.tw/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.902559 | 587 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Septic tank ingredients are sold to property owners across the USA, but they lack guideline, standardized screening, and formal qualification. That can make it hard to understand if septic tank additives really work, and if you require them at all septic tank has been pumped still backing up.
To locate answers, we will split ingredients right into 3 classifications: inorganic substances, natural solvents, as well as biological ingredients.
Not natural substances
Sewage-disposal tank additives with inorganic substances include solid acids as well as alkalis. They are indicated to unclog septic tank pipes. While these chemical additives might function as advertised, we suggest you prevent them because they:
injury the bacteria that are necessary to the wastewater therapy process
lower the effectiveness of conventional septic systems
corrode and trigger leakages in concrete therapy containers
quit the anaerobic food digestion procedure in sewage-disposal tanks
interfere with the performance of second treatment systems (including the Ecoflo biofilter).
Septic system ingredients with organic solvents are implied to break down fats, oils, and greases. Once more, despite the fact that these products may work, we recommend you prevent them since they:.
- hinder the efficiency of additional treatment systems.
- infect groundwater.
- eliminate the bacteria in septic tanks.
- negatively affect the health of conventional septic tanks.
Biological sewage-disposal tank additives include yeasts, natural microorganisms, and also enzymes. They are implied to enhance the bacterial vegetation in septic systems and drain areas, control biomass, as well as reactivate dormant septic systems.
Do I need to include bacteria to my septic system?
Person going down a biological sewage-disposal tank additive with microorganisms and also enzymes right into their toilet.
Healthy septic systems already have sufficient microorganisms to sustain the biological procedures that deal with human waste and also wastewater.
By including more germs in the storage tank, you create conditions in which microbial populations complete against each other. This competition can do even more damage than great.
Unhealthy septic tanks are a different story. Often, the bacterial flora in these systems has been undercuted by huge quantities of hazardous materials, consisting of:.
- specific soaps.
- cleaning|cleansing} items.
When this takes place, bacterial additives may aid you re-establish a healthy equilibrium in your septic tank. To find out if this step is right for you, contact your septic system manufacturer or ask our group of experts.
Do I require to add septic tank enzymes?
Ingredients with enzymes (additionally called bio enzymes) are suggested to boost microbial populaces in septic systems. They do this by changing the framework of natural impurities to ensure that germs can feed on them more easily.
There are two important points to understand about septic tank enzymes:.
They are specific.
As an example, take two typical enzymes: cellulase and also protease. Cellulase breaks down just toilet paper as well as various other coarse products. Protease breaks down only protein-based toxins. These enzymes have no effect on other natural contaminants.
They are not alive and can not reproduce.
Unlike bacteria, enzymes should be routinely acquired as well as added to your septic tank to keep their designated performance.
Some septic system enzymes are offered to limit the accumulation of a scum layer. They work by permitting fats, oils, and oils to move downstream right into additional therapy systems as well as various other septic system elements.
The trouble is that fats, oils, and also greases are not meant to stream downstream. If they do, they can overload your septic tank components, harm their performance, and reduce their life-span.
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The launched oxygen responds promptly with the waste materials that are inside your sewage-disposal tank as well as reduces, after that gradually removes the scent – in simply 3 to 5 days.
At the same time, all negative anaerobic germs like e coli or salmonella which develop in your septic system together with various other damaging illness triggering pathogens, and also can create several health problems to your household are ruined!
In the meantime, the real-time microorganisms from our SEPTIFIX tabs feed with all the residues that are inside your septic system, including toilet tissue, oils, oil and soaps, leaving your container clean, thus decreasing and also in most cases, also removing the need to have your septic system pumped.
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Our SEPTIFIX tablets also prevent corrosion of pipes, tubes, pumps, valves, by counteracting the acids that occur naturally in wastewater.
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So Why Is SEPTIFIX Method Extra Efficient Than Any Other Septic Tank Therapy?
– Our tablets elevate oxygen levels throughout the volume of water 75% more than with hand-operated oygenation, allowing the online germs to grow for as much as 90 days in your sewage-disposal tank.
Regarding we understand, SEPTIFIX is the only oxygen releasing sewage-disposal tank therapy offered on the American market!
– The Oxygen is launched immediately – as much as 10 litres of oxygen per tablet computer, and it reacts with Hydrogen Sulfides (the smells), getting rid of all undesirable septic smells after simply a couple of days.
– SEPTIFIX continuing to be components will certainly neutralize the pH of the waste water which, when combined with high oxygen focus, leads to an excellent setting for our aerobic bacterial pressures to flourish.
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– Because each of our tablet computers consist of over 10 billion aerobic germs pressures (which is almost 3 times greater than all our competitors), this makes sure mass reduction in grease build up, sludge, clogs, and all dangerous pathogens – like e coli or salmonella, which can form in your sewage-disposal tank and also can trigger lots of illness to your household are damaged!
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– Our SEPTIFIX tablets minimize, as well as in many cases even removes the requirement to pump your septic tank, permitting you to conserve at least $300 every year!
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In 2015, The Division of Health and wellness approximated that 31% of the septic system systems in United States were falling short to some extent.
And that has actually been identified as the leading groundwater contamination consider the United States.
There are three kinds of microorganisms constantly provide in a sewage-disposal tank system.
cardio germs, which is the excellent microorganisms that helps break down waste.
anaerobic microorganisms – they are less effective at breaking down solids – in fact they rarely do any kind of job inside your sewage-disposal tank and they are usually service providers of condition.
Cardio bacteria (our bacteria) require oxygen to survive which’s why numerous sewage-disposal tank systems have aerators, even though aerators come with a big cost of over $10,000 for instalment, as well as a yearly electrical power price of over $100.
Anaerobic microorganisms do not require oxygen to make it through as well as according to the brand-new clinical research, they are an indication that microorganisms like typhoid, e-coly, salmonella, as well as cholera, even viruses, like those that trigger polio and also Hepatitis A, may exist in your septic tank.
These dangerous pathogens from septic tanks can infect groundwater, and if they in some way recede right into your home or near your garden with the drain area, your family can get ill.
In 2009, eight residences in Swan’s Island, Maine experienced a Liver disease An outbreak. An infected family members spread the infection to 8 various other homes.
The contamination occurred since the family members’s malfunctioning septic tank diverted drainage with Hepatitis An infection in the ground. One private passed away!
The good news is for you …
The billions of real-time aerobic germs inside SEPTIFIX, with the help of the oxygen launched by each tablet, destroy all these virus and viruses by neutralizing the drainage from your septic tank …
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With the help of SEPTIFIX, your family can enjoy your lovely yard with no threat. | <urn:uuid:cad4eac9-c07c-4811-8cc7-24592e4138ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.louisiana-festivals.com/septic-tank-has-been-pumped-still-backing-up/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.945846 | 2,168 | 2.453125 | 2 |
In sub-Saharan Africa, nearly 70% of the urban population does not have access to public transport
- Only 33% of urban sub-Saharan Africans have access to transport
- Vulnerable groups face long, pricey and dangerous commutes
- Tech innovations help people getaround affordably and safely
By Kim Harrisberg
DURBAN, Feb 11 (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - After a minibus taxi driver threatened to throw her out on the street for asking him to slow down as he raced down the highway, South African nurse Lebogang Matjila scoured the internet for a safer, cheaper way to get to her patients.
When she found Planet42, a rent-to-buy car company that said it would help her eventually own her own vehicle, she thought it sounded too good to be true.
"I had been scammed once before, but I filled in my details and applied online because desperation can do that to you," said the 42-year-old mother of two from Pretoria.
"Some may say it's just transport, so it's not so important. But you can only say that in South Africa if you don't care about your safety," she told the Thomson Reuters Foundation in a phone interview.
About 33% of sub-Saharan Africa's urban population has access to public transport, in contrast to 75% in Europe and North America, according to United Nations statistics.
To help people get around safely and affordably, Africa's innovators are looking to technology, from a data-driven company that helps South Africans with bad credit buy cars to an app-based truck service delivering potatoes and more in Rwanda.
"Transport is a very important piece in the puzzle of people accessing jobs, feeling included and realising their potential," said Planet42 founder Eerik Oja in a video interview.
Using algorithms to detect applicants who have been "unfairly ignored by banks", the social enterprise has helped put some 8,000 insured cars on the road in the past five years, Oja said.
Planet42's machine learning tracks thousands of public data points from credit bureaus - such as credit scores - to calculate who is eligible to rent a car from them and eventually buy it at a reduced cost.
"As we get more data, we get better at determining which customer is a good risk to take, so we can actually keep lowering the price of our service," said Oja.
The COVID-19 pandemic pushed tens of thousands of South Africans into arrears, he said, adding that those are the kinds of "blacklisted" customers Planet42 can help as they try to rebuild their credit scores.
For Matjila in Pretoria, it was unpaid store credit from her student days that destroyed her score and left her unable to get a loan, even after she had paid it off.
Since getting her car, she said her income has doubled as she is able to travel to more patients every day.
"There are so many other blacklisted South Africans stuck without solutions and without safe transport," she said.
"Tech solutions that they can access from their homes or phones could change their lives, too."
Transport inequality - the unequal distribution of travel resources such as cars or public transport - reinforces socio-economic divides while impacting livelihoods and safety, transport researchers say.
In Africa, vulnerable groups living in informally developed urban areas on city peripheries can face long, pricey and often dangerous journeys to work, according to a 2020 report by research financing group Volvo Research and Educational Foundations.
While Planet42 focuses on car ownership to advance what it calls the "democratisation of mobility", OX, a new truck company in Rwanda's Western province, is helping small business owners move everything from cows to coffins.
Launched in March 2021, OX allows customers to rent a spot in one of their eight trucks on a pay-as-you-go basis, all coordinated through an app managed by the driver.
For many of OX's customers, previous options for moving their stock were bicycles, donkeys or porters, which limited how much and how fast they could sell.
The company has gained more than 300 customers since its launch and is growing 40% month-on-month in terms of revenue and volume, said managing director Simon Davis, adding that one customer - an animal feed supplier - has tripled his sales since he started using the service.
"If you move stuff, you make more money," said Davis. "If you make more money, you can afford to access healthcare, send your kids to school, look after yourself ... all byproducts of economic progress."
NO SILVER BULLET
As in the rest of the world, mobile phone use is rising in Africa, driving a surge in apps designed to help people get around their cities safely and cheaply.
By the end of 2020, more than 45% of sub-Saharan Africa's population subscribed to mobile services, with nearly 20 million people signing up just in the previous year, according to telecoms lobby group GSMA.
"We're seeing a massive increase in ride-hailing platforms for motorcars and motorcycle taxis," said Sam Clark, head of programmes at transport charity Transaid.
In Uganda, where research published in the journal Transportation Planning and Technology estimates there are half a million motorcycle and three-wheeler taxis, SafeBoda uses an app to link commuters with trained and reliable drivers.
An OX driver at the wheel en route to collect an order in Nyamasheke, Rwanda. September 14, 2021. Thomson Reuters Foundation/ Handout via OX.
Female riders interviewed by the researchers said they felt safer not having to negotiate prices with drivers and being able to identify and track their drive on the app.
But tech solutions are no silver bullet, warned Clark, citing poor connectivity in rural areas and noting that half of the African population still has no access to a smartphone.
More work needs to be done to make regular public transportation more accessible to everyone, he said - and that includes more investment in infrastructure and more women in senior roles.
"Many of the decisions concerning service delivery are made by men, for men," said Clark, whose work at Transaid includes efforts to boost female leadership in transport.
"When more women are part of the decision-making process, greater consideration will be given to the needs of women as passengers."
For nurse Matjila, filling in that online application has meant she can now choose whether to be a passenger or drive her own car, which has made her feel safer, increased her income and lets her spend more time with her family.
"To be honest, it changed my life," she said.
(Reporting by Kim Harrisberg @KimHarrisberg; Editing by Jumana Farouky. Please credit the Thomson Reuters Foundation, the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters, that covers the lives of people around the world who struggle to live freely or fairly. Visit http://news.trust.org)
[Source: Thomson Reuters Foundation] | <urn:uuid:0adb9dc9-fd76-4c27-b31b-2038782a11c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oxdelivers.com/post/africa-s-innovators-turn-to-tech-to-tackle-transport-woes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.965435 | 1,462 | 2.28125 | 2 |
The ever growing importance of regionalism:
I recently attended one of the League’s Regional Round-table discussions regarding municipal affairs and innovations. I recommend that you go to one of these meeting(s) if you can as they are very informative and the NCLM does what to hear from you. I think local leaders in government are too often sharply criticized and not given the credit due for many thankless hours of meeting(s) work sessions and time they put in while serving their community. That, however, is the subject of perhaps a future blog. Local officials, government leaders and institutions do increasingly rely on each other in the regions we are in and this is actually a good thing! I was pleased to hear comments from one local elected official when asked about some of the innovative things they did she spoke about innovative partnerships and doing business such as economic development from a regional perspective. Regionalism is certainly not new, however, it is becoming the norm. Twenty or more years ago the enduring mentality was more to each his own. While we frequently share Information and resources we still do not act as collaboratively as we should. The ever growing importance of regionalism can be seen as services such as water and sewer are merged together and local officials frequently join together to plan, discuss and lobby for large infrastructure projects.
I chose this topic because as a former Town Manager I have seen changes in local government most of which have been very good for us all. I do believe local government in North Carolina is generally responsive and efficient and as citizens we can be proud of the communities we live in and the government officials that serve us. However, dedicated the majority of these government leaders are it is clear to me that they need more assistance. More and more I see that assistance coming from other governments in the form of regionalism. I think we are seeing this because of one overarching reason and that is in the majority of cases it just works and leads to better results. So that said, just what is regionalism and why should it matter to you? In very simple terms regionalism can be defined in two words…working together. In reality, working together to achieve common goal(s) and improve quality of life is what regionalism is all about. I like to think of the analogy that a rising tide lifts all boats. As resources grow scarcer it becomes even more important and I would argue a necessity that we work together but sometimes ironically we do the exact opposite. Regionalism is important to you because it has been proven to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of local governments. More efficient government helps keep taxes and fees lower. Lastly not every issue is better solved through a regional approach and in fact there are many instances where it just cannot work. However, that is where you can still get benefit from regional collaboration. A simple but good example of this I have seen is people sharing ideas on a listserv. A key objectives at ECC is to bring people in our region. Our meeting(s) are collaborative and designed to be informative. However, to be successful we have to get participation from others in our region and this continues to be one of the greatest challenges we face. In closing, I would encourage those that have ever wondered about getting involved with their community to get off the sideline and get involved. You can make a difference in your community.
~Matt Livingston, Executive Director | <urn:uuid:a88c12a1-7a2c-4ed3-b87e-aefead58ee1c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eccog.org/july-16-2018-importance-of-regionalism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.981267 | 683 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Lockdown has done funny things to people, and not all of them for the worse.
The thirst for fresh, local produce has been one of the positive impacts of the pandemic, and arguably Brexit, and at the family-run Brookvale Farm they’ve diversified their business to suit those needs.
Richard Lilburn, who runs the dairy farm, explained the ‘It’s Just Milk’ business plan: “What we’ve done is we’ve put a self-vend vending machine at the farm. We pasteurise on the farm ourselves so the milk never leaves.
“It takes four and half hours to process the milk from start to finish then it’s straight to the customers.
“A whole lot of times the customers are getting the milk it’s only maybe six hours old.
“Like every product on the market – the fresher the better. So much produce is processed to make it last longer, to give it that shelf life. If you can buy fresh, local produce that hasn’t had to travel, it’s always going to taste nicer.”
He said that people have been prepared to wait for fresh milk: “We’ve had queues of up to three hours. We’ve found there’s been a bit of lull since things have opened up from lockdown. People are back to work, back to schools. We’re still selling a lot of litres a day, people are just spreading out more.
“We have a second machine that should be here very soon. We hope not to have queues because at the end of the day people want to stop in, grab and go. It needs to be handy for people.”
That said, people are willing to travel long distances to get the cream of the crop.
Richard said: “We have a regular who comes from Omagh once a week
“We have people coming from Newcastle, Belfast, all over, people from Louth and other parts of the south. There are people who are driving past other vending machines to come to ours. We are so particular about the way we process the milk, not damaging the milk, looking after our cows the best we can, getting good quality creamy milk.”
Explaining why the milk produced on the farm is different to that which you would get in a supermarket, Richard said: “Supermarket milk could be picked up one day, then taken to the factory for a day, be processed, then cartoned, then into a lorry again and sent to a distribution centre, then into a van, then into the shops to sit in a cold store before it goes out on a shelf.
“It could be a week old before you buy it, never mind the amount of food miles it will have clocked up.
“The biggest difference with the supermarket milk is that it’s all standardised and homogenised. It goes into the factories and is processed at very high temperatures which not only kills the bad bacteria but kills good bacteria as well. They take all the cream out and only legally add back in what they have to to meet regulations.
“We keep it all in and pasteurise it at a lower temperature but for a longer period of time so as not to damage the milk. Your creams and your fats and your proteins all stay whole when we do it.”
He added: “Another advantage of that is people with milk intolerances can cope with drinking our milk, whereas they couldn’t drink supermarket milk. Yes, some people are allergic to milk and dairy, we can’t change that. Quite a lot of people who have the intolerances, it’s more an intolerance of the way it’s been processed.”
Brookvale Farm is one of many dairy farms in NI selling their milk on site using special vending machines.
While they weren’t the first to do it, Richard said they were the pioneers of dispensing milkshakes directly into bottles for customers.
“Bringing in a milk vending machine was in the pipeline for us, but lockdown did encourage us to get started.
“It did make it harder in terms of getting the equipment, getting the stock. That held us back two or three months but as far as people’s attitude to buying local produce, it has really helped.”
He added: “The milkshakes were a big selling point for us. We have about 17 flavours – our core flavours are banana, chocolate and strawberry. They’re in the machine all the time. Then we have a flavour of the week.”
When I spoke to Richard it was blueberry muffin flavour. “That’s one of the more wacky flavours,” he said.
“We have a poll on our Facebook page for people to vote for the following week’s flavour.”
Richard said by using glass bottles the farm was playing its part in helping the environment: “Although people don’t believe us farmers, we’re very passionate about cutting down on our carbon and worrying about the environment, that is our children’s future. That’s one of the things I love about the glass bottle concept.
“Our customers return with their glass bottles and keep reusing them. We’ve sold thousands and thousands of litres of milk since we opened, that’s thousands and thousands of plastic containers that haven’t been used.”
For bigger quantities of milk Brookvale uses steel churns to supply customers.
Richard said: “We’ve just started supplying Taboo donuts with their milk, they go through thousands of litres of milk. It was all plastic before and now it’s steel. The churns are washed out and reused time and time again. A big factory like that is using local, good quality produce and cutting down their food miles and their plastic waste.”
The farm also supplies Glanbia Cheese Ltd in Magheralin: “The vast majority of our milk still goes to Glanbia to make mozzarella. They’ve been very supportive of us doing what we’re doing.
“I know that some of the other milk factories have criticised their farmers for selling their milk. As Glanbia said – they need to be realistic. We’re still sending them 6,000 litres a day, we’re only just trying to make a pound for ourselves the same way they’re trying to make a profit.”
Purple bottles for charity
Richard and his family are helping a local charity: “We’ve got a purple bottle at the moment with the NI Children’s Hospice logo on it. For every one of the those bottles we sell we’re going to donate a pound to the NI Children’s Hospice.
“We’ve had nurses from the hospice bringing children to the farm. When you see the work they do with those children, two or three times Pamela and I were standing in tears, this is a worthwhile charity.”
Farming for the future with kids playing role
Brookvale Farm is run by Olive and Thomas Lilburn along with their son Richard and his wife Pamela. The farm had been owned by the Lilburns for many generations though at one stage they had to move to Canada and give up the farm.
Richard, who has been farming since he was 17, said: “During the war they went bankrupt, the government helped to resettle them over to Canada. They ended up there but came back and managed to buy the family farm back again.”
Richard and Pamela’s children – Theo, seven, Harrison, five, and Evie, three – are involved in the running of the farm: “They gather the eggs, they look after the hens, it’s very much a family business.”
Richard said it had become a 24-hour operation: “Three and four o’clock in the morning is quite regular for me going to bed. My wife is up at six to get ready to open up for seven.
“My dad is up at five. The farm is now a 24-hour operation between pasteurising milk and looking after the stock on the farm, doing actual farmwork.”
Having got the milk-vending operation up and running, plans are to introduce other fresh farm items: “We’ve purchased 50 free range hens, we’re starting to get eggs from them. We’re planning on selling fruit and vegetables as well within the next few months.
“We have a picnic area on the farm, a quiet fenced off area beside where the hens are. People can watch the hens and chill out. “The long term goal is to turn it into a wee market style farm, but not a farm shop.”
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Our journalism costs money and we rely on advertising, print and digital revenues to help to support them. By supporting us, we are able to support you in providing trusted, fact-checked content for this website. | <urn:uuid:ad3ca72b-6c27-4701-8963-a8a745c4bc59> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newsletter.co.uk/business/freshest-milk-youll-find-in-ulster-3288120 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.968382 | 2,102 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Context In Cybersecurity
Let’s start simple. Context is important in the day-to-day when we’re explaining the circumstances behind a concept, situation, or product in order to be fully understood. Without context, our understanding of a situation is limited, and we can easily misinterpret information and draw false conclusions.
Take, for example, statistics or a company’s share price in a way that makes it look appealing. But when the additional context is added around the time horizon or comparison with a benchmark, we’re told a different story.
The more context and information we have, the more we understand the matter at hand. In cybersecurity, context has been vital when it comes to triaging and responding to security alerts. Gartner defines context-aware security as:
“the use of supplemental information to improve security decisions at the time they are made, resulting in more accurate security decisions capable of supporting dynamic business and IT environments”
The most cited context information types are environmental, such as location and time, but let’s cover additional factors which are critical to cybersecurity and understanding security alerts.
When it comes to the abundance of alerts a security operations center (SOC) receives, the more context around the alert, the better the Analysts understanding. Today’s tools are rich with alert context. Information such as, IP address, devices affected, URL, application reputation, similar alerts, source information, network traffic etc. This contextual information around the alert provides insight into the circumstance of the event, and it helps determine whether it is a true incident or a false positive. It is important for Analysts to have access to this consolidated information so that they can make quick, informed decisions on how to respond to potential threats.
To further enrich alerts, the addition of Analyst context is vital in helping Analysts paint a picture around the circumstances of the threat, how severe it is and how to address it for a particular customer.
In addition to alert context, having Analyst context when responding to incidents helps have a more accurate analysis and, in turn, faster and more accurate remediation. In the case of Managed Security Service Providers (MSSP’s) Analyst context also includes customer context, which is information an Analyst possesses around the type of organization the alerts are coming from. Customer context is especially important since they have different clients spanning multiple industries that require unique methods of response.
Analyst context can include recent experience solving similar problems, short-term memory, stress levels, and more. These contextual factors are critical for an Analyst to leverage effectively to perform their duties quickly and accurately. The goal is to create an environment where SOC Analysts are optimized based on their real-time mindset and skillsets to make quick, informed decisions on how to respond to potential threats.
Analyst context includes information that an Analyst possesses and their real-time state that can be leveraged to respond to unique complex incidents for a specific organization at a specific time. Thus, reinforcing the Gartner definition that the use of supplemental information to improves security decisions at the time they are made.
For example, a phishing attack on a financial institution may require different steps than a phishing attack on an oil & gas company. These contextual decisions are why human intervention is absolutely required today and why automation will not replace people in the SOC. It is critical that organizations have a solution which monitors these subtle changes and applies the logic to its decision-making engine.
How to include Analyst context in your SOC?
The problem is, Analyst context is not a data point that traditional SOC tools, like SIEM and SOAR, can collect or leverage. As per the tools used today, it does not matter which Analyst is solving which problem. SOC teams are burdened with determining who is doing what task at any given moment. This often results in random or grab-bag alert assignments and Analysts spending too much time on tasks that are not leveraging their best skills.
By capturing both alert context and Analyst context, SOCs would be able to strategically augment their teams to ensure each Analyst is focused on the most high-leverage work for their unique capability at any given moment in time. By understanding the context of a specific alert and who on the team would be best to resolve it the fastest and most accurately, SOC teams can avoid alert escalations, mistakes being made, and most importantly, stop the attack in its tracks before it gets a foothold in/of the organization.
Automation today is great for static processes, but incident response will continue to require human-in-the-loop feedback and analyst context due to the ever-changing nature of attacks. Therefore, the future of Cybersecurity is augmenting the Cyber-workforce with human-machine intelligence capabilities for faster and more accurate incident response.
To supercharge your SOC and Analysts, read more on how you can introduce real-time contextual coaching and on-the-job training.
To learn more about how Penfield.AI can add Analyst Context to your SOC contact us. | <urn:uuid:23da3713-c27a-4ed1-ac9c-fba48c05ca43> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://penfield.ai/cybersecurity-alert/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.931148 | 1,041 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Landlords, like all property owners, have to keep their facilities safe for visiting members of the public. Landlords have an additional layer of responsibility because they must provide safe and habitable living spaces.
They usually have maintenance responsibilities for the critical systems, like the furnace and the electrical wiring. Additionally, landlords should take reasonable steps to protect their tenants from the very real possibility of criminal activity.
While no landlord can fully eradicate local criminal activity, there are certain steps that they can take to protect their tenants and to deter opportunistic criminals from targeting the people who live at their property.
How can landlords reduce the likelihood of criminal activity in their buildings or on their premises?
Hire security professional
Any place where there is a high density of people living close to one another, there is an elevated risk of criminal activity. Not only do landlords need to consider the possibility that people may try to break into the units to rob them, but they may need to have security professionals patrol to protect against the possibility of assaults or domestic violence. On-site security professionals can do a lot to deter criminal activity.
Install proper lighting
Both hidden stairwells and external alleys are dark spaces where criminals are more likely to attack someone. Adequate lighting will do a lot to keep criminals from targeting a specific location. Some research shows that security lights can reduce local criminal activity by as much as 39%. Motion-activated lights can keep power costs reasonable while still illuminating areas that criminals might target.
Placing conspicuous security cameras
Lighting alone won’t be enough to stop a criminal from targeting a tenant or their personal property. Adding security cameras to high-traffic areas and locations that the public cannot readily view can serve as a potent reminder to criminals that there will be accountability for their actions. As an added bonus, the footage captured by the security cameras can aid in a swift prosecution of thieves and assailants.
When landlords fail to take common-sense steps that would prevent criminal activity or at least assist in the prosecution of criminals who target their tenants, they may have at least partial liability for the financial losses that tenants or visitors incur. Evaluating the circumstances of your robbery or assault can help you decide if you may have a viable premises liability claim. | <urn:uuid:a9a3afde-12c9-4807-aa29-96b96a279327> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sdlitigation.com/blog/2022/07/3-ways-landlords-can-protect-tenants-from-criminal-activity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.952393 | 455 | 1.507813 | 2 |
At discharge, a monitoring scheme–based on condition–has been entered into the patient’s dashboards.
Patient sends vitals to the Case Manager on a daily basis.
Any logged data that exceeds the doctors pre-existing schemes prompts an alert.
We’ve just launched a new free app to help monitor your health. My MedCheck automatically reads body temp and oxygen saturation data — key #COVID19 indicators — from Bluetooth-enabled devices and interfaces with Apple & Android health and wellness apps built into smartphones.
While our company is known for its app-based remote patient monitoring solutions used by physicians and health systems to track the vital signs of patients in their homes, we created this free app to put a similar resource in the hands of everyday people.
Fever and low oxygen saturation levels are often associated with COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases, and My MedCheck is designed to help users keep track of those stats and stay healthy during this pandemic.
You have designed an app which should have widespread appeal. It is quick and simple and thus less likely to be bypassed by busy physicians while being HIPAA compliant and residing on a hospital controlled server and thus acceptable to administrators.
UTM:Healthcare has made contacting our consultants safer, quicker and easier. Overall improving the care we give to our patients.
We’re here to help answer any questions you may have regarding Remote Patient Monitoring. | <urn:uuid:bb717e95-c0f6-4865-b9da-7af2f81aacd1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://utmhealthcare.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.938988 | 293 | 1.5 | 2 |
04 Apr The “Bittersweet” Perpetual Check against stronger opponents
Drawing against a stronger opponent feels good, especially when it comes to young players and beginners/intermediate learners. In this level, it is not unusual to see the weaker player offering or accepting a draw in a clearly winning position, for example while being a whole Rook up, due to psychological factors that influence such decisions, like showing too much respect, fear of the more experienced opponent or lack of confidence.
As the player’s psychology improves with knowledge, this kind of impact is not as powerful as before in advanced or master level, because the evaluation of positions becomes more objective. For instance, a 2000 rated player playing against a GM, would be delighted with a draw possibility before the game, would likely be fine to draw even in a slightly better position, but would not be happy at all with half point, if he had obtained a big advantage during the game, like a healthy, extra piece. In this case, being aware that the position is objectively winning, he would probably look for the best continuation that leads to victory rather than thinking of the half point prospect.
Even so, winning superior positions against better opponents can be challenging, even for strong chess players. Firstly, because the psychological aspects influence mentioned above is still there, to some extent. Furthermore, there are some additional obstacles to spotting the winning continuation and achieve the goal, arising from the brain’s reaction to unexpected circumstances during the game, such as the “bittersweet” perpetual check opportunity.
Having the option of a perpetual against stronger players is undoubtedly pleasant, you opt for it and draw by force at once, no offers, no rejections included. Nevertheless, to achieve a win in chess you need to actively look for one instead of “pretending” that you are looking. Most likely that is not going to happen when you think and play safe, for example by entering an inferior continuation only because it offers you “at least” a perpetual and not because you believe it is the best. It is not going to happen either, if the tempting perpetual right before your eyes does not allow you to use your good calculation skills and you just try to convince yourself that all the other lines are not working for you. This is the same voice in your head we talked about in the “Fearless against the Discovered Attack” article, calling you to compromise your winning expectations: “Grab the sweet draw!”
Finally, keep in mind that there is a good possibility that the perpetual opportunity handed to you on a plate, is not necessarily an oversight but perhaps the path for your stronger opponent to escape from a worse or even losing position. A clever attempt to trick you I would say, as opposed to a direct draw offer, which could make you suspicious of the real evaluation of the position. Therefore, next time you find yourself in such situation, it would be wiser not to allow the perpetual check chance to distract your focus and calculation, even against the World Champion. No draw for you Magnus! 🙂 | <urn:uuid:5fc02f87-5afd-412e-9477-e3dd6116d98a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.parginos-chess.com/my-articles/the-bittersweet-perpetual-check-against-stronger-opponents/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.969001 | 632 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) Interest Rate Decision is one of the most important economic events influencing the Australian dollar quotes. The decision is adopted by the RBA Board.
The Board meetings, during which the country's monetary policy is determined, are held 11 times a year (monthly, except January). The Board members study the current economic disposition (both the internal agenda and the state of the world economy, as well as the main events that affect the financial and economic conditions), discuss the current monetary policy and vote on monetary policy measures and interest rate.
The Board interest rate decision is announced after the meeting.
The RBA may cut interest rate to help inflation rise to a target level. Conversely, if inflation exceeds the target level, the RBA would try to make the Australian dollar more expensive, for which (in addition to a complex of other measures) the interest rate is raised.
Therefore, each interest rate decision of the Reserve Bank of Australia directly affects the AUD quotes (especially when the rate is changed). A hike decision normally leads to the growth of AUD quotes.
The chart of the entire available history of the "Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) Interest Rate Decision" macroeconomic indicator.
Create your own calendar of economic events. To do this, simply specify its size and display period. You can freely use this widget on your websites. In return, we ask you to keep the provided code unchanged.
The Calendar data are provided as is. The economic news release frequency and schedule, as well as the economic parameters' values may change without our knowledge. You can use the provided information, but you accept all the risks associated with making trade decisions based on the Calendar data.
Use official plugin for WordPress websites | <urn:uuid:835b34c5-62dc-4203-999c-2b9e3772938b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mql5.com/en/economic-calendar/australia/rba-interest-rate-decision | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.909228 | 416 | 1.960938 | 2 |
A new €11.1m project has launched with the aim of uniting Ireland’s various quantum computer research groups.
Some of the biggest names in tech and research have joined forces with the aim of bolstering Ireland’s quantum computer efforts. The €11.1m Quantum Computing in Ireland (QCoir) initiative will work on a software platform integrating multiple quantum bit technologies being developed in Ireland.
Unlike a traditional binary computer that uses binary ‘bits’ – which can be either one or zero – a quantum bit (qubit) can be one, zero or both at the same time. This gives quantum computers the power to solve some of the world’s most complex problems in a fraction of the time that it would take a binary computer.
QCoir partners include Equal1 Labs, IBM, Rockley Photonics, Maynooth University, the Tyndall National Institute, University College Dublin and Mastercard. The project received €7.3m in funding under the Disruptive Technologies Innovation Fund, a €500m fund established under Project Ireland 2040.
“Quantum computing is seen as the future of computer technology,” said Dr Emanuele Pelucchi, head of epitaxy and physics of nanostructures at Tyndall, based at University College Cork.
“It’s computing built on the principles of quantum physics, creating, storing and accessing data at atomic and subatomic levels to create vastly powerful computers.
“Sources of multiple entangled photons uniquely allow for preparation of highly entangled quantum states. QCoir will leverage the on-chip photonic qubit platform based on site-controlled III-V quantum dots. These unique dots were developed at Tyndall.”
A ‘national quantum ecosystem’
Tyndall’s CEO, Prof William Scanlon, added that the partnership will set the foundations for a “national quantum ecosystem”.
“It brings together hardware and software providers with application users, and sees multinationals working side by side with researchers and SMEs,” he said.
“These kinds of industry and academic research partnerships are what will allow Ireland to build a quantum value proposition at international scale.”
Quantum computing research is continuing to progress in Ireland. Earlier this year, a team from Trinity College Dublin said it had taken a major step towards the ‘holy grail’ of quantum computing: a stable, small-scale quantum computer. | <urn:uuid:844de336-6c17-4258-b73d-482d862c6f65> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.siliconrepublic.com/machines/ibm-mastercard-qcoir-irish-quantum-project | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.907663 | 517 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Tyssa was a winter fairytale
Tyssa, with its 620-meter high altitude, had so much snow and freezing temperatures in the winter that the youngsters in winter sports got their money’s worth, while those responsible for the clearance service often suffered. Santa never feared that he did not have enough snow under the skids of his sleigh – while the Easter bunny sometimes had trouble getting his nests into the snow. Snow depths of up to 2 meters and low temperatures of 20 ° were not uncommon . The hamlet ” fallow”Due to its location was the leader, especially in snowdrifts. The houses were partly snowed in so that the children could slide down from the roof and the house entrances from the street had to be shaved like a tunnel. Since there was no motorized snow plowing or milling, a large, drawn by powerful horses snow plow, the streets had to passable. This often did not help with extremely high snow. Then there was a need to shovel, or the road remained impassable for a while. Since harsh winters were the order of the day and therefore nothing special for the population, they organized themselves accordingly and provided enough fuel and “iron meal rations.”
Of course, winter brought joy to sledding, skiing or building snow gurges for us teens. The most popular ski resorts were the downhill slope next to the turnpike and Volkshaus, where on a ski jump the Lamer Rudi and the John Heinz jumps reached over 20 meters. Another departure point was the “Kessel” at the outskirts of Oberförster Renger . For the very brave, the steep “Wendtberg” was the perfect place to get from the “Wendt-Ausstopfer” (animal preparation) down to the “Barcher Schenke” (Berger Schenke)If you were able to crash down in time, you could crash in time before the road. Tobogganing or bobsled, although it was not “traffic law” was seen, on the fairly steep down road leading from the restaurant “Fierpaß” to curve with Dr. Demuth and even further to the Berger tavern , great fun. Here you could see all types of sledges, from the small metal “Quarkprassen” (shape similar to a quark press), on horn sledges to the great 5-seater Bob. Back we hoped to be able to attach ourselves to a wagon or the bus if the coachman or driver did not notice.
However, in order to be able to take advantage of the joys of winter, we asked Peter as a student to provide us with plenty of snow and cold, so that the “coal vacation” would be extended several times. Official winter holidays did not exist then, as they were based entirely on the weather conditions. At set times, we had to meet to receive homework at school. Then the forecourt to the school with the skis stuck in the snow looked like a big spiny hedgehog.
To ensure that the mothers and their infants made good headway even when it was snowing, interchangeable skids were placed under the wheels. Even more convincing, however, were the children’s carriages made entirely of wood, including the tub, in which the child, warmly wrapped in a fur bag, was well protected against the cold.
Also interesting were our first children’s snowshoes, in which one could also board with felt shoes, similar to a large shoe worked “ski binding”. There were walnut sticks as ski poles at that time. When everything was snow-covered, skis were not only a sports equipment but also an important means of transportation. That’s why skiing was popular with young and old.
The snow-covered forests were a romantic sight to behold, when the trees sometimes became fairy-tale formations due to the snow load and the snow crystals glittered in the sun. It was not so romantic in heavy hoarfrost, where especially threatened the free-hanging power and telephone lines by the load on them. Here, Mr. Winter (his name was correct for the time of year), the person in charge of supplying the place, had to work with his men to “knock free” the wires with long poles.
It was interesting to watch the men in the thickly frozen brick pond when they sawed large blocks of ice, sometimes even showing a frozen fish like in an aquarium. The ice blocks were deposited next to the hotel “Bohemian Switzerland” in an earth bunker. They were needed for the cold rooms of the restaurant and the butcher shop, as there were no electric refrigerators back then.
Now, when I’ve raved about the winter and see the tentative attempts to do so by Peter in my present home in Rostock, I still like to think back to the winter season in Tyssa, including the popular coal holidays. | <urn:uuid:961b0e5e-cd64-46aa-9254-5f20f562363a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://peterswald.org/en_US/geschichte/tyssa-war-ein-wintermarchen/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.984358 | 1,062 | 2.078125 | 2 |
What can states do to limit access to guns after the Supreme Court’s decision about gun control in New York?
The ruling prevents states from banning concealed weapons in public places, but California and New York are already drafting new gun control legislation.
For the first time, the Supreme Court has ruled that the United States Constitution specifically protects an individual’s right to carry a handgun in public for self-defence. The ruling was made public on Thursday, a significant victory for gun rights advocates across the country.
The 6-3 decision came in response to a law introduced in New York State that would have imposed restrictions on carrying a concealed handgun outside the home. All six conservative Justices supported the decision, while the three liberal members of the Court dissented.
The ruling, authored by Justice Clarence Thomas, reads: “We know of no other constitutional right that an individual may exercise only after demonstrating to government officers some special need.”
New York looks to curb gun violence
Thursday’s ruling was a major blow for New York Governor Kathy Hochul, who described the decision as “very disturbing”. However she reiterated her desire to see new restrictions placed on gun ownership and revealed that the state was already looking into legislative alternatives to the law that has been struck down.
New York City Mayor Eric Adams said that the ruling makes it more difficult to regulate guns in the US and prevents progress being made in the field of gun violence. Adams, a former police captain, is desperate to introduce significant change in a city that has seen 693 shootings already this year.
“This decision has made every single one of us less safe from gun violence,” he said at a news conference. “The decision ignores the shocking crisis of gun violence every day, engulfing not only New York but engulfing our entire country.”
What can states do to enact gun control laws now?
Likewise in California, another Democrat-led state, further efforts are being made to introduce laws that satisfy the Court’s ruling. A recent law proposed in California would have required those seeking a gun permit to show “good cause” before receiving their license; a condition that would now be unconstitutional.
However California Attorney General Rob Bonta said that “the court did not disturb California’s longstanding efforts to prevent dangerous individuals from attaining these permits.”
New gun control legislation proposed in anticipation of the Supreme Court ruling can now be tweaked so that it satisfies the conditions set down. One of the key points made in the Court’s verdict was to allow certain “sensitive places” to have additional layers of gun control laws, as is already the case in schools and government buildings.
Speaking about the process to rewrite gun control laws with the recent ruling in mind, Bonta said: “The assessment is going to be robust, including looking at arrests, convictions, restraining orders, and other publicly available information that might suggest that a person poses a danger to themselves or to others.” | <urn:uuid:e00f128a-7335-4ba3-bfa9-946871c1d57c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.as.com/latest_news/what-can-states-do-to-limit-access-to-guns-after-the-supreme-courts-decision-about-gun-control-in-new-york-n/?omnil=resrelrecom | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965154 | 625 | 2.0625 | 2 |
It's possible to make good bread with only yeast, flour, salt and water; many of the best artisanal breads contain only those four ingredients. So if you're new to bread baking, you might discover recipes with a lengthy list of ingredients and wonder why you're putting them into your bread. Some ingredients simply alter the flavor of your loaf, but most play more important roles. For example, eggs and oil directly affect bread texture.
How It All Works
Before you can properly understand the effect added ingredients have on your bread, it's important to know how yeast breads work. Bread gets its structure and texture from gluten, long and stretchy strands of protein created when the flour is moistened and worked into dough. As the yeasts in your dough go about their business, they leave behind tiny amounts of carbon dioxide as waste. The rubbery strands of gluten trap those gas bubbles, which then blow up like tiny balloons as the carbon dioxide expands in the oven's heat. The flour's proteins become firm as your bread bakes, just as an egg solidifies in your frying pan, and give the loaf its final shape.
Oil in Your Dough
A few kinds of bread rely on highly flavored oils, such as virgin olive oil, for their flavor. Aside from those, oil is usually added to bread to make it softer. You might enjoy the tough, chewy crust of an artisanal loaf occasionally, but sometimes a softer result is more versatile. Oil serves that purpose. It lubricates the flour's proteins, shortening the strands of gluten and weakening the bonds that hold them together. That makes the bread softer and easier to chew. Vegetable oil shortening serves the same purpose, which is how it acquired its name.
Eggs and Structure
Eggs have a more complicated effect on bread, because they're a more complicated ingredient. They consist largely of water, so they add to the bread's liquids and provide some of the moisture that helps gluten develop. The yolks also contain a high percentage of fat, which like oil lubricates the proteins and weakens gluten development. However, eggs also contain large quantities of protein. Those proteins set and become firm when the bread bakes, helping contribute to its crumb structure. Egg proteins are softer and less chewy than gluten proteins, so the end result is a loaf with a tenderer texture.
Further With Eggs
Those attributes alone would make eggs a noteworthy bread ingredient, but they have a handful of other useful effects as well. They add richness and flavor to the bread, so sweet breads and festive breads almost always include eggs. They also contain powerful emulsifiers that help bring fat-based ingredients and water-based ingredients together into a smooth, pliant dough. That's especially important in butter-rich sweet or holiday breads, a second reason those loaves almost invariably include eggs. Eggs also give the loaf a rich golden color inside and out, and many bakers brush beaten egg over the loaves before baking to intensify the effect.
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How to Make Bread Chewy
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What Happens if You Leave Bread Dough ...
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Main Ingredients of English Muffins
Quick and Easy French Bread Recipe
I Forgot to Put the Egg in the Banana ...
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- On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen; Harold McGee
- King Arthur Flour: Bread Machines & Ingredients
Fred Decker is a trained chef and prolific freelance writer. In previous careers, he sold insurance and mutual funds, and was a longtime retailer. He was educated at Memorial University of Newfoundland and the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology. His articles have appeared on numerous home and garden sites including GoneOutdoors, TheNest and eHow.
Hemera Technologies/AbleStock.com/Getty Images | <urn:uuid:59758e0a-6106-4055-90e6-93c151979ffb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://oureverydaylife.com/eggs-vs-oil-bread-dough-39884.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.947509 | 934 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Georgia County Tax Assessor Websites
Select The Letter that Corresponds To The First Letter Of The County. Then Select The County From The List Below.
The goal of the Jefferson County Assessors Office is to provide the people of Jefferson County with a web site that is easy to use. You can search our site for a wealth of information on any property in Jefferson County.
The information contained herein reflects the values established in the “most current published” tax digest. *Please note that the Assessors Office establishes values only. The Jefferson County Tax Commissioner should be contacted with tax bill related questions.
Did you know?
Jefferson County, originally part of Burke and Warren counties, was created in 1796 and named for Thomas Jefferson.
Wadley was originally known as “Shakerag”. The name was changed to Wadley in the 1870s in honor of the president of the Central of Georgia Railway. The name change coincided with the designation of Wadley as an official stop on the railroad.
Louisville, the county seat, was named in honor of King Louis XVI of France, because of the support given by France to the Colonials in the Revolution. Louisville was Georgia’s third state capital, but its first “permanent” one. The Jefferson County Courthouse, built in 1904, stands on the site of Georgia’s first permanent capitol, constructed in 1795.
Louisville was the site of the Constitutional Convention of 1798 in which the state’s pre-Civil War constitution was adopted. Georgia’s Great Seal, which is still in use today, was adopted at the same time.
The Old Market House, the county’s major tourist attraction, dates to the 1790s and served as the commercial center for the region during the time that the state capital was in Louisville.
Jefferson County is the site of multiple festivals including the Hometown Fest in Wadley (August), Pig Pickin’ Festival in Wrens (June), and Spier’s Turnout Festival in Bartow (May).
JEFFERSON CO TAX ASSESSORS
P O BOX 555
LOUISVILLE GA 30434 | <urn:uuid:58d5e7d3-cbcf-4799-98b1-1b9fc1c58416> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gataxassessors.com/jefferson-county/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.945689 | 480 | 1.90625 | 2 |
“Perhaps vested interests aren’t the best sole source for getting to the heart of the science on this matter without at least including contrasting conclusions coming from perhaps more objective sources?
For instance, http://188.8.131.52/90scientistsletter.pdf”
Now I know some but not many of these “vested interests”. In fact, Jim Burchfield has posted on this blog. As far as I know, all scientists have vested interests in getting research funds. And if you know a lot about something, (say a bird species), you tend to think they are pretty important; hence you are never very objective. Maybe we ought to give up the mythology of the objective scientist and just slog through the claims and counterclaims using logic and practitioner knowledge and see how far we get.
So let’s examine the knowledge claims in this letter.
1. Replacement of fossil fuels with bioenergy does not directly stop carbon dioxide emissions from tailpipes or smokestacks. Although fossil fuel emissions are reduced or eliminated, the combustion of biomass replaces fossil emissions with its own emissions (which may even be higher per unit of energy because of the lower energy to carbon ratio of biomass). Agreed.
2. Bioenergy can reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide if land and plants are managed to take up additional carbon dioxide beyond what they would absorb without bioenergy
This isn’t the clearest statement. Plants will grow and absorb carbon. If the previous plants are removed and used for bioenergy, new plants will grow and absorb carbon equivalent to that released when the previous plants are burned. Are we saying the same thing here? Not sure.
3. Alternatively, bioenergy can use some vegetative residues that would otherwise decompose and release carbon to the atmosphere rapidly. I would add possibly “even more rapidly through fires.”
4. Whether land and plants sequester additional carbon to offset emissions from burning the biomass depends on changes both in the rates of plant growth and in the carbon storage in plants and soils. OK.
6. For example, planting fast-growing energy crops on otherwise unproductive land leads to additional carbon absorption by plants that offsets emissions from their use for energy without displacing carbon storage in plants and soils. Agreed but not many acres around that are unproductive but would also grow energy crops.
7. On the other hand, clearing or cutting forests for energy, either to burn trees directly in power plants or to replace forests with bioenergy crops, has the net effect of releasing otherwise sequestered carbon into the atmosphere, just like the extraction and burning of fossil fuels.
The other letter did not talk about replacing forests with bioenergy crops, or clearing forests. If it is thinning, that carbon would be released anyway when the suppressed trees ultimately die. I am not following this logic for thinnings, or for dead trees. If we take dead trees, they are replacing fossil fuels and the place they vacated will be sequestering carbon. By getting the dead guys out, they are also opening places for new plants to re-sequester faster.
These seem to be the main questions:
1. What biomass are you taking off the acres?
2. What would happen to the carbon if you didn’t remove some biomass?
3. What would happen to the carbon if you removed the biomass but didn’t use it for energy?
3. What is the difference if you did use it for bioenergy?
Let’s use an example.
You are doing a thinning in ponderosa pine to “restore to HRV” and/or for fuels reduction.
You can use the trees for energy to replace fossil fuels OR you can put them into wood products OR you can pile them and burn them.
If you put them into wood products, the carbon will be released more slowly than in the woods. But you would be using the gas for heavy equipment and transportation and electricity (coal?) at the mill, more transportation to the Home Depot, etc. However, at the Home Depot it would replace boards from Canada, which might presumably have the same gas to extract from the woods, maybe hydro for western mills (don’t know) and possibly more transportation.
If you put the trees into bioenergy, you would still have to haul somewhere or chip and haul. But should this be compared to, say, extracting natural gas? There seems to be plenty of hauling associated with that, including heavy equipment drilling, compressors, etc. Or our old friend coal. Say, on an open mine there are huge pieces of equipment moving overburden and coal around (see photo above) (compared to how much for a skidder per energy unit) , and it goes on a train to the power plant, if you are in Wyoming, at least.
In fact, the more you think about this (in our region, we are being litigated on both coal and natural gas impacts currently, but not bioenergy) the more it makes sense to not consider carbon any differently from any other environmental impact.
It makes sense to me to line them all up (carbon, particulates, development impacts, etc.) and then make the judgment about what is the best energy source .
A carbon-o-centric view of energy sources might be good for some things (like setting up carbon trading), but not so good for others (deciding on the least expensive, and impactful energy technology that helps put jobs in rural America, and lets us control our own energy destiny). | <urn:uuid:4805ef6f-2a49-4201-8c18-2b9b36fa6ecc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://forestpolicypub.com/2011/04/11/parsing-biomass-carbon-its-in-the-details/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.94495 | 1,149 | 3.078125 | 3 |
While designing products for hazardous areas underground, our engineers conduct a great deal of testing on site. But nothing beats a real live field test. The Nautitech® team recently conducted a collaborative test with Komatsu in Rutherford, NSW to evaluate the Spitfire® BPLM for communication between a shuttle car and DCB.
We would like to thank Harshal Patwardhan – Manager Control and Automation and Samantha Ince, Automation Engineer from Komatsu Mining, for facilitating our on-site field test.
The purpose of the test was to measure the transmission speed and quality of data between a shuttle car and Gate End Box (to simulate DCB). The test considered both the length of the trailing cable and the influence that slip rings can have on the performance of data transmission while the cable was wound/unwound.
Using the Spitfire® Broadband Powerline Modem, Nautitech® was able to demonstrate the transmission of Ethernet data through the shuttle car trailing cable and slip rings in excess of 44 Mbit/sec. This exceeds the requirements for the transmission of video and operating parameters to the DCB.
Access the full report from our website HERE
For more information about the Spitfire® range of underground communications and data solutions, contact us on email@example.com | <urn:uuid:39751270-fc69-40a3-a35f-3d507478072e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nautitech.com.au/news/nautitech-komatsu-bplm-field-test/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.906566 | 268 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Visit Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary
What to expect
If you are a nature lover and visiting Gangtok, then spare minimum a day to visit Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary. I say minimum a day because you can also stay there overnight in complete solitude in a log hut surrounded by lush forests and with nature as your only company.
Don't expect the big cats or even elephants and rhinos in the forests here... you won't find them. This dense jungle is a home to smaller yet many rare animals, range of colorful birds, and varieties of rainforest plants and trees that comprises of oaks, ferns, bamboo and different medicinal plants. Fambong Lho Sanctuary is spread across 52 sq. kms between Singtam settlement and Dikchu village.
Photo: Wikimedia Commons
Sir Joseph Hooker, the British botanist and explorer had mentioned that among all places in Sikkim, Fambong Lho has the maximum varieties of rhododendrons. Apart from the species R. Nivale which is found in high altitude areas, all other varieties of rhododendrons can be found in this sanctuary. You can also find several varieties of orchids here. The sanctuary gets its name from the Lepcha word "Hambomloh" meaning wild local varieties of avocado trees that are also found in abundance.
Among the animals in the sanctuary, there are Red Pandas, Civet Cats (including the rare species known as the Bear Cat), Barking Deer, Yellow Throated Martens. If you are lucky, you can even spot the Himalayan Black Bear. Other animals include Red Fox, Musk Deer, Takins etc. Occasionally, even Clouded Leopards have also been spotted. However, animal sighting may not be always possible, particularly if it has rained and become foggy when the visibility also becomes low.
Black-eared Shrike-babbler at Fambong Lho WLS
Photo: Dibyendu Ash, cc by sa 3.0
Fambong Lho is a great place for the bird watchers. There are numerous species of birds in this sanctuary including the beautiful and endangered satyr tragopan, fire-tailed myzornis, different types of minla, babblers, chestnut-crowned warbler, different types of laughingthrush, etc.
Photo: Estulif, cc by sa 2.0
Day Trip from Gangtok
Most tourists go there on a day trip from Gangtok and you should be ready for a trek along the jungle trail... there are no jeep safaris inside. Fambong Lho Sanctuary is located 20kms away from Gangtok town and it takes nearly 1 hour to reach by car.
The motorable road from Gangtok ends at a place called Pangthang, and then you need to walk for about 20 minutes to get to the main gate of the forest. Cars can't go all the way up to the entry gate. On the way at Pangthang you will pass by a 10-acre nursery of G.B. Pant Institute... there are so many varieties of colorful orchids and medicinal plants here.
You need to get a permit in order to enter the sanctuary (refer to 'How to visit' section below for details). There is a marked hiking trail inside and you must stick to that and not stray around.
From the gate, the hike is uphill from an elevation of 5000ft to 7000ft over a distance of 3kms and you will reach the highest point of the sanctuary known as Tinjure. The last section of the trail to Tinjure top has a series of steep steps along a ridge leading up to the view point (a gazebo) on top. Once at Tinjure on a clear day, your rewards will be awesome. You can get wonderful view of the Himalayan range including that of Mt. Kanchenjunga snow peaks.
Tinjure View Point
From Tinjure, you can also see the whole of Gangtok town and the river Teesta below flowing through its valley. There are also few watchtowers in the forest including one at Tinjure.
You can do the entire trek (up and down) in 3-5 hours depending on the pace you keep and time you spend in between. You should wear comfortable shoes like sneakers, carry enough water and snacks (but do not litter the forest with the wastes).
Night stays in the sanctuary
In order to properly feel the nature and the sanctuary and get close to your inner soul and silence, a better option would be to stay overnight at the Golitar Log House that belongs to the Forest Department of Sikkim. It is located outside the gate in the buffer zone of the forest.
Log House at Golitar, Sikkim
Photo: Dibyendu Ash, cc by sa 3.0
From Pangthang (the point where you need to leave your taxi/car), the Log House at Golitar is a 7-8 minute walk (can take little more time if you have luggage). You can book this directly through forest department or through a registered local tour operator.
This is a simple lodging with only basic amenities. You will need to get your provisions (i.e. groceries and all edibles) and cook yourself and wash your dishes. The kitchen has cutlery and oven. There is virtually no service. There is a caretaker and his wife. But they won't be at your beck and call, they come and go at their own time. However, if you tip them, they can help you in cooking.
They can also arrange for some vegetables which they pluck from the forest. If you ask them, they can prepare a curry from wild bamboo shoots right in front of you which is quite tasty. And if you give them some money (around Rs. 150-200), they will get log wood in the evenings and fill in the huge earthen oven in the kitchen, and light it so that you can stay warm while having dinner.
When the night falls, all you can hear are the occasional sounds of the animals, and when the sun rises, you hear only chirping of the birds. Wake up early in the morning and you get magnificent views of sunrise over Kanchenjunga from this log house. You get lovely views of the snow peaks from Golitar. Sit on a chair on the small balcony and you will realize there is only one company you have here other than your co-traveler, and that is the nature. Far away from the touristy crowd, you will feel for once that you needed this break and solace quite badly... it was long due.
How to visit Fambong Lho WLS
It is best to go through a registered tour operator in Gangtok to visit Fambong Lho WLS, whether for a day trip or for night stays, combined with a trek. Visit Gantok Local Tours & Operators
and in the last section of the page you will find a list of reputed operators.
Here are few things to note:
You will need a special permit from Sikkim's Forest Department which can be arranged by the operator. The permit fee is nominal (Rs. 55/- per person). You will need a Photo Id proof like your Passport or Voter's Card plus two passport size photographs to get the permit.
You should also go with a knowledgeable guide so that you can understand the flora and fauna of the forests. The operator can arrange for the guide as well.
If you plan to stay overnight, the operator can also book the Log House at Golitar for you. The Log House is about 50 meters outside the gate. The cost is around Rs. 500 per day per person.
The operator will arrange for the transport, drop you and bring you back on the day of your return. If you are going on a day trip and trek, an estimated cost would be Rs. 3,000 per person which includes return transport from Gangtok, permit fee, guide fee and a simple lunch. The rate will however depend on your group size.
Fambong Lho WLS is open from 8am to 3pm.
Best time to visit: March to late May and September to mid-December. | <urn:uuid:3718e814-33dd-4df5-8297-b8ff557dd78f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.darjeeling-tourism.com/darj_000231.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948004 | 1,770 | 1.617188 | 2 |
If you think it is easy teaching HTML, CSS and related web technologies… Let’s see how long it takes you to figure out these puzzlers. I plan to provide one periodically. Keep in mind these are real problems that students encounter as they code their pages. Obviously, you need to view the source code.
For our March, 2014 puzzler, I provide a small page created with HTML and CSS. Nothing spectacular here. In fact, in addition to the link to the problem child page, I provide a series of screen captures below (which should give you some clues as to the problem). Yes, there is only one problem. I took the student’s code and modified it a bit to protect the guilty.
Does the page validate? Of course. Here is a screen capture (taken on March 3, 2014) to prove it.
Let’s see how the page looks in various browsers on a Windows computer. Note that all these browsers have recently been updated to their most current versions (as of March 3, 2014). Ok, Safari is no longer formally supported on Windows, but you get the idea. What could be the problem which causes such vastly different views?
I know I haven’t even included any mobile browsers. However, clearly something is wrong. This would be one of the reasons I insist that students check their work in multiple browsers. I wonder what the problem is. Let’s see who can post the first comment that correctly identifies the problem. | <urn:uuid:cb7cc82b-dfa7-4dd4-ac58-80a949f1b672> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://learning-html5.info/blog/2014/03/march-2014-puzzler/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.956025 | 311 | 2.265625 | 2 |
The new supercar, which is most notable for its lack of a windscreen, has been slotted between the track-focused Senna and the 250mph ultra-streamlined Speedtail hyper-GT in the brand's Ultimate Series line-up.
The roadster pays tribute to the carmaker’s prestigious racing heritage by sharing its name and design inspiration with the McLaren-Elva M1A of the 1960s – a two-seater sports car that serves as a spiritual predecessor to the new road car.
McLaren boss Mike Flewitt says the Elva is “a uniquely modern car that delivers the ultimate connection between driver, car and the elements.”
The highlight of the new supercar is the lack of a glasshouse to protect its occupants from the elements. Instead of a traditional windshield, the Elva is designed to encase its occupants in an aerodynamic “bubble.” A large vent in the front of the car sucks the air and channels it away from the passengers. A windshield is available as an option.
According to McLaren, the rear-wheel-drive Elva is the lightest road car it has ever produced thanks to the new carbon fibre chassis and body. Even the interior has been restricted to a bare minimum to keep the weight down, with seats made of carbon fibre.
Under the hood is an 804-horsepower twin-turbocharged 4.0-litre V8 engine that is coupled to seven-speed transmission that sends the power to the rear wheels. McLaren says the Elva rockets from zero to 124 miles per hour in a Senna-beating 6.7 seconds and takes less than 3 seconds for the 0-60mph sprint.
Only 399 examples of the McLaren Elva will be available for sale, with a starting price of $1.7 million. Deliveries are expected to begin by the end of 2020. | <urn:uuid:65ed97bd-e209-4e72-9971-f39bfa72acc1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.superyachts.com/lifestyle/story/introducing-the-dollar17-million-mclaren-elva-9814 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950814 | 395 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Re: Japanese input in an English environment
On Wed, 21 Aug 2002 00:29:44 +0900
> At 20 Aug 2002 23:07:01 +0900,
> email@example.com wrote:
> > Is there any possibility of extending multilingualization to more
> > programs? I would like to have everything work like emacs and allow
> > mixing of languages, since I'm working on being bilingual. I would
> > like things under linux to work kinda like Mac OS X or Windows, with
> > a default language, but allow for other languages to show up, and
> > for a decent unified input method.
> Unfortunately, for Japanese users and developers, support of
> singly Japanese has more priority than multilingual, because
> Japanese monolingual environment is yet poor. Of course there
> are much more people who need Japanese support than people who
> need bilingual support of Japanese and another language.
> International input is one of the most difficult fields in i18n.
> It is because ...
> (1) XIM (X Input Method) protocol is difficult to understand.
> (2) XIM can be used only from softwares which supports XIM, unlike
> XKB.(3) XIM is required only by east Asian languages, which causes
> lack of active developers who understand XIM, write patches
> for various softwares in the world, send them developers in the
> world, and explain the patches and persuade to adopt the patches.
> It also causes developers in the world (outside east Asia) to
> tend not to be interested in XIM.
> (4) Even though it is true that there are a certain amount of
> which support XIM, there are few softwares which support
> switching of XIMs.
> To solve these problems, modern widget sets like GTK and Qt supports
> XIM. By using XIM-supported widgets, general developers can be free
> from studying XIM. However, the problem is that these sets have
> non-XIM-supporting version of widgets (and, even more, non-fontset-
> supporting version of widgets)! Novice developers may choose these
> non-internationalized widgets! Note that Xaw is also
> For bilingual or multilingual input, emacs or xemacs-mule has been
> the only solution for a long time. However, recently, there are
> several softwares which support multilingual input, such as:
> yudit ... Unicode editor with its own multilingual input mechanism
> mlterm ... terminal emulator which can switch multiple XIM servers
> Gnome2 ... I heard that this can switch multiple XIM servers.
I am using Gnome2, and it's the best solution for multingual i found for
now. Even there's still problems with XIM. But in facts I can have my
french locale set, and having all my applications in french (and accents
like "é" doesn't print a kanji on my screen...), while being able to
input Japanese with the use à XIM. The problem is we still need to set
the locale to ja_JP to be able to input japanese, if not, XIM doesn't
One of the good idea i like in GNome2 is the way you can change your
input method, you just have to right click in any texte box, and yu
choose your way. The default input will take the gnome-session locale
(for me : fr_FR), and will use the accurate xkb, but if you choose XIM,
you can start entering japanese (or chinese or korean) if you defined
the LANG=ja_JP.utf-8 before starting the app. It just misses a keyboard
shortcuts to easily switch between some choosen methods.
Gnome2 uses a not so bad method with the available software, it lacks
many things implemented in yudit, but it's usable, at least i can input
french and japanese without difficulties (sometimes i need to restart my
app, because i didn't set the good locale, but that's usable).
The problem is really with XIM and the need to set a locale to use with
it. You still cannot input Chinese and Japanese in the same application
if you don't have a software that uses setlocale() before.
I'm going to have a look to IIIMF, it looks like to be interesting. | <urn:uuid:b05badfb-42a1-449b-b2e3-cbf3c1ddea68> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lists.debian.org/debian-japanese/2002/08/msg00011.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.928348 | 1,035 | 1.5625 | 2 |
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
NYC EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ISSUES HAZARDOUS TRAVEL ADVISORY FOR THURSDAY
Winter Storm Warning in effect Citywide on Thursday
Heavy snow will create dangerous travel conditions beginning Thursday morning; New Yorkers are urged to avoid traveling on Thursday
February 8, 2017
– The New York City Emergency Management Department today issued a hazardous travel advisory for Thursday, February 9. The National Weather Service has issued a Winter Storm Warning in effect Thursday from midnight through 6 p.m. This system is forecast to bring heavy snow that will create slick and hazardous travel conditions on Thursday, especially during the morning commute.
“Although the weather is warm today, winter will return quickly on Thursday with dangerous conditions for the morning commute,” said NYC Emergency Management Commissioner Joseph Esposito
. “New Yorkers should be prepared for snowfall and slippery roads and plan to take mass transit where possible.”
A coastal storm will develop off the mid-Atlantic coast Wednesday night, bringing a chance for precipitation after midnight. The precipitation could start as rain or a mix of rain and snow for coastal sections, but is forecast to turn to snow early Thursday morning. Snow will continue into Thursday morning, falling heavily at times, creating reduced visibilities. Snow will taper off Thursday afternoon into the evening as the storm pushes away from the area. A total accumulation of 6 to 12 inches of snow is anticipated, but locally higher amounts are possible. New Yorkers should avoid driving during the morning hours and use mass transit where possible on Thursday.
After Wednesday’s unseasonably high temperatures, temperatures plummet Wednesday night, with lows around freezing and wind chill values between 25 and 30 degrees. Temperatures continue to drop Thursday, with highs around freezing and wind chill values in the teens. Temperatures drop to the teens Thursday night, with wind chill values as low as single digits. Temperatures return to around freezing on Friday.
The New York City Department of Sanitation (DSNY) is pre-deploying 689 salt spreaders across the five boroughs. PlowNYC will be activated and more than 1600 plows will be dispatched when more than two inches of snow accumulates.
DSNY will assign 2,400 workers per shift. Workers will be assigned to 12 hour shifts beginning at 7 p.m. Wednesday.
DSNY has 315,000 tons of rock salt available.
Garbage/recycling collections will be suspended once snow operations begin.
DSNY is requesting emergency snow laborers to assist with snow removal operations on Friday. For more information on how to sign up, click here.DOT
Alternate Side Parking is suspended Thursday to facilitate snow removal operations. Parking meters are in effect.
Citi Bike service is expected to remain in service Thursday until further notice.
DOT will deploy crews to pre-treat pedestrian overpasses and step streets, and ensure that ferry terminals and municipal parking garages are pre-salted in advance of any snow.
The Staten Island Ferry is expected to run on a normal schedule, but all passengers should allow extra time should weather conditions impact the schedule.
Crews from JC Decaux Street Furniture New York will be deployed to shovel bus shelters and will follow up with preventive treatments as shelters are cleared.
Typically, during snow operations, DOT deploys over 400 personnel and more than 200 pieces of equipment, including close to 80 trucks for plowing, over several shifts. NYC Emergency Management
NYC Emergency Management is working closely with the National Weather Service to monitor the storm’s track to determine the impacts to New York City.
NYCEM is hosting daily interagency conference calls with city and state agencies and public and private partners to coordinate the City’s preparations for the storm.
NYCEM’s Situation Room will be activated at midnight Thursday to coordinate the City’s response to the storm’s impacts. DHS
A Code Blue Weather Emergency notice is issued when the temperature drops to 32 degrees Fahrenheit or less between 4 p.m. and 8 a.m., including National Weather Service calculations for wind chill values. No one who is homeless and seeking shelter in New York City during a Code Blue will be denied. Should you see a homeless individual out in the cold, please call 311 and an outreach team will be dispatched to offer assistance. Code Blue Weather Emergencies includes the following options for the homeless:
- Shelters: During a Code Blue, shelter is available system-wide to accommodate anyone who is reasonably believed to be homeless and is brought to a shelter by outreach teams or who walks-in.
- Drop-in centers: All drop-in centers are open 24-hours per day when Code Blue procedures are in effect and will assist as many as people as possible for the duration of the emergency. Drop-in staff can also make arrangements for homeless individuals at other citywide facilities.
- Safe havens and stabilization beds: Chronically homeless individuals may be transported directly to these low-threshold housing options.
- Street homeless outreach: Teams will contact vulnerable individuals on their Code Blue Priority Lists a minimum of once every four (4) hours beginning at 8 p.m. during Code Blue Alerts and once every two (2) hours beginning at 8 p.m. for Enhanced Code Blue Alerts to encourage them to accept transport to a safe place. DHS coordinates Code Blue efforts directly with agencies such as NYPD, DSNY, and the Parks Department, at a borough level.
Travel Safety Tips
- If you must drive a vehicle, monitor weather and traffic reports for the latest road conditions. Use mass transportation whenever possible.
- Drive slowly. Posted speed limits are for ideal weather conditions. Vehicles take longer to stop on snow and ice than on dry pavement.
- Use major streets or highways for travel whenever possible.
- Four-wheel drive vehicles may make it easier to drive on snow-covered roads, but they do not stop quicker than other vehicles.
- Keep the name and phone number of at least one local towing service in your car in case you break down or become stuck in snow.
- If you get stuck on the road, stay with your car and contact a towing company.
- Exercise caution and avoid slippery surfaces; some ice may not be visible.
- Use handrails when using stairs.
- Wear layers including a hat, gloves/mittens, and a scarf to stay protected from the cold. And keep clothes and shoes dry, if a layer becomes wet, remove it.
- Keep fingertips, earlobes, and noses covered if you go outside.
- Have heightened awareness of cars, particularly when approaching or crossing intersections.
- Wear sturdy boots that provide traction to reduce slipping. Use handrails when using stairs.
- Seniors should take extra care outdoors to avoid slips and falls from icy conditions.
Check on your neighbors, friends, and relatives — especially the elderly and those with disabilities and access and functional needs. People most likely to be exposed to dangerous winter weather conditions include those who lack shelter, work outdoors, and/or live in homes with malfunctioning or inadequate heat. Seniors, infants, people with chronic cardiovascular or lung conditions, people using alcohol or drugs, and people with cognitive impairments such as dementia, serious mental illness or developmental disability, are at increased risk.
For more winter weather safety tips, visit NYC.gov/EmergencyManagement. New Yorkers are also encouraged to sign up for Notify NYC, the City’s free emergency notification system. Through Notify NYC, New Yorkers can receive phone calls, text messages, and/or emails alerts about winter weather conditions and other emergencies. To sign up for Notify NYC, call 311, visit NYC.gov/notifynyc, or follow @NotifyNYC on Twitter.
Nancy Silvestri/Omar Bourne (NYC Emergency Management)(718) 422-4888STAY CONNECTED:
Twitter: @NotifyNYC (emergency notifications); @nycoem (emergency preparedness info); Facebook: /NYCemergencymanagement | <urn:uuid:b814d0dd-03f2-4261-b420-be96a490a6f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www1.nyc.gov/site/em/about/press-releases/20170208_pr_nycem_EMERGENCY-MANAGEMENT-ISSUES-TRAVEL-ADVISORY-FOR-THURSDAY.page | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.907941 | 1,702 | 1.53125 | 2 |
• Topics / Human Rights Abuses in Russian-occupied Crimea
Russia uses standard falsification for new persecution of pro-Ukraine activist in occupied Crimea
Under Russian occupation, the FSB in Crimea clearly sees no need to fatigue themselves by looking for real criminals. The scenario of planted explosives, daubed with illegally obtained DNA traces, which is unfolding in the prosecution of Ukrainian activist Oleh Prykhodko, has already been used against at least three Ukrainian political prisoners whom Russia designated as ‘saboteurs’. No actual crime is needed, and the ‘courts’ understand their role in the persecution far too well to ask inconvenient questions.
61-year-old Prykhodko had, from the beginning, made his opposition to Russian occupation of his Ukrainian homeland very clear, and had already suffered various forms of harassment, including at least one search. This is of major relevance since, just like Volodymyr Balukh, Prykhodko had every reason to expect a new FSB visitation. Even had he genuinely possessed explosives, he would hardly have stored them where they would immediately be found by the FSB.
He was arrested on 9 October after the FSB turned up and carried out ‘an inspection” of Prykhodko’s garage. Judging by video footage, Prykhodko was not allowed into the garage and the FSB almost certainly had ‘witnesses’ whom they had brought with them. They allegedly ‘found’ a TNT type 200 explosive, a detonator for UZRGM-2 and cut welding arcs, supposedly for insertion within the explosive device. They claimed that Prykhodko had been planning to blow up the local administration building, but that the FSB had prevented this .
Prykhodko was taken away, and remanded in custody the following day.
As feared, on 28 October, the FSB formally laid ‘terrorism’ charges. According to his lawyer, Nazim Sheikhmambet, Prykhodko is accused of ‘planning an act of terrorism’ (Article 205.1 of Russia’s criminal code) and of illegally preparing explosive substances (Article 223.1).
Another ominous similarity with previous politically motivated prosecutions emerged the following day with the news that the FSB had illegally ttaken DNA samples from Prykhodko. Sheikhmambet explains that on 9 October, after he was brought to the FSB in Simferopol, a person came up to him, claiming to be a doctor. Claiming that this was part of an examination, the individual asked him to open his mouth and with a cotton wool tampon, he took DNA samples.
Without any procedural safeguards in place, such ‘traces’ are likely to be added to the items which Prykhodko is adamant were not in his garage before the FSB arrived.
Former political prisoner, Ismail Ramazanov notes that the same thing happened to Crimean Tatar activist Edem Bekirov. The same tactic was also used in the ‘trial’ of retired sea captain Volodymyr Dudka and academic Oleksiy Bessarabov. On that occasion, the biological traces were ‘found’ on a map allegedly showing places that they were supposed to be trying to blow up. Once again the FSB had not overly exerted themselves. The biological traces were only present on the edge of the map which contradicted the prosecution’s claim that the men had used the map. This, and multiple other contradictions were simply ignored by the first Russian court that sentenced the men to 14 years, and then by the Russian Supreme Court that upheld the totally unwarranted sentences.
Ramazanov also reports that the same FSB ‘investigator’, Ivan Romanets who tormented Edem Bekirov, is now involved in the ‘case’ against Prykhodko. Romanets gained particular notoriety for refusing to hospitalize Bekirov despite a number of grave illnesses that made the charges against him nonsense and his ongoing detention tantamount to torture and against even Russian legislation.
The terrifying thing about all these prosecutions is that essentially any nonsense, however wildly implausible, will do. Russia began fabricating ‘terrorism’ charges against Ukrainians within two months of its invasion and annexation. This new arrest, so soon after the release through an exchange of several prominent political prisoners ‘convicted’ of terrorism, including Oleg Sentsov and Volodymyr Balukh, confirms that such political trials will continued until Russia is forced to leave Crimea. | <urn:uuid:da2841d2-8fa4-4ab9-9385-2512b3a26c93> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://khpg.org/en/1572369262 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.978458 | 956 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Our language and literacy practices are shaped by the cultural, social, historical literacy experiences in our own lives. In this session, we’ll consider beliefs, ideologies, language used, instructional materials and instructional practices that resonate with our own literate histories. And in doing so, we must also unpack our own biases, assumptions, and racisms that marginalize and oppress children of color.
This is one session in the Literacy Leadership group series. GET MORE INFORMATION ABOUT LITERACY LEADERSHIP GROUP > | <urn:uuid:af3cf275-6d37-4c6e-84f2-892fddf11bb1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://partnershipforinquirylearning.org/event/literacy-leadership-unpacking-our-own-histories-and-identities/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.892251 | 111 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Most of us send and receive an on-going stream of emails throughout the day, most of which are back-and-forth workaday communications. But every so often, we’ll have to write one that literally gives us pause.
With no way around it, we’ll have to relay a message – whether to a colleague, a higher-up or a prickly in-law – that sends our shoulders northbound and staggers our breathing. If you’re faced with this situation, here is our advice:
1 – Take a deeeeep breath
And remind yourself to keep on breathing 🙂
2 – Flip the script
If it were the other way around, what would you like to hear? For the sake of argument, let’s say you screwed up – and let’s face it, we all do. Ask yourself: if you were the email recipient, what would you like to hear? Put yourself in the recipient’s shoes before banging out an email.
3 – Ask yourself: what’s your ultimate aim?
As the magnificent Mary Poppins taught us, “A spoonful of sugar makes the medicine go down.” Remember Mary’s advice if you’re about to serve a potential bitter dose of medicine.
Do you need to gently remind a colleague that you – not them – have ownership of a project? Do you have a client who changes her mind every other day, two steps forward and three steps back? Or perhaps you’d like your adult children to know that you’re no longer willing to host all of the holiday meals?
Whatever the case, put a positive spin on it! You simply want the optimal outcome, the best possible product and a truly enjoyable holiday meal!
4 – Set the tone
At some point in time, we’ve all been on the receiving end of messages along the lines of, “I run the show and you will do as I say.” Honestly, is this approach really conducive to achieving any objective? We think not.
Nearly always, the how is remembered far more than the what. The late, great Maya Angelou said it best: “People will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.” With this in mind, reflect on the right tone to achieve your objective.
And while we’re at it, a word about capital letters. As most – but trust us, not all – people know, THEY MEAN THAT YOU’RE YELLING. Never use them unless you mean it, and try not to mean it!
5 – Write it, read it, revise it. Repeat last two steps. Then wait.
Say what you have to say, re-read it at least twice and if possible, wait a while before sending it. Never be afraid to speak your truth, but remember that emails last forever like Willy Wonka’s everlasting gobstoppers, so don’t be in a rush to hit that “send” button! | <urn:uuid:83095d72-af47-47bc-8bd3-5da6eb703c8c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://seneca-communications.com/tag/email/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950105 | 650 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Green screening is one of the most important techniques in digital video editing.
By shooting in front of a flat contrasting color, new backgrounds can be added in post-production. It’s a studio technique that has become accessible to all thanks to software like HitFilm.
In this guide we examine the process by defining what Chroma Key means. By first understanding the basics, we’ll outline how the feature works in HitFilm.
1. What is Chroma Key?
Most simply, Chroma Key or Chroma Keying is the technical name for green screening.
It is defined as the process of layering, or compositing, two images together based on color hues. The word Chroma relates to the “chroma range” that makes up a color.
By selecting a contrasting color in a video shot we can Chroma Key it out. Any sight of that color in a frame can then be replaced by another shot or image.
HitFilm Pro includes an industry-leading Chroma Key effect. The feature delivers accurate, broadcast-ready green screen extraction with amazing realism.
How do I use it within my projects?
Chroma Key green screen has become incredibly easy for everyone to perform.
The same trick used in cinema blockbusters is regularly seen in homemade YouTube videos. Commonly it’s how streamers show gameplay behind them or how podcasters make a living room look like a TV studio.
How you use it is your creative choice, but it all starts with the screen itself…
Quick tip checklist for green screen greatness:
- Green or blue?
Choose the best color that contrasts most with your shoot.
- Keep it clean.
Unmodulated color – no wrinkles, creases, patterns or shadows.
- Light it right.
Not necessarily too bright, but well enough to evenly show color.
- Good distance.
Don’t shoot your actors positioned too close to the screen.
Try this guide for making a homemade green screen and shooting it correctly.
2. Green screening glossary
If all the phrases and terms around green screening seem a bit confusing, have no fear.
Here we identify some key terms to describe the meaning and practical applications:
|Keying||To “key” a color, you identify the hue and use that value to extract and replace the region in shot.||Makes all automatic green screening possible without the need to rotoscope.|
|Spill (Light Spill)||Light “spill” is when background color is reflected forwards and visible on the actors or objects.||HitFilm’s Spill Suppression tool reduces this for cleaner composites.|
|Luminance||Luminance is the brightness or reflectiveness of a color or screen.||Good screens aren’t overly reflective but light evenly and flat.|
|Compositing||Compositing is the combining of two video shots into a single shot.||Every VFX shot or green screen background is a composite shot.|
|Rotoscoping||Another editing technique used for separating an element from the background of each individual video frame.||Rotoscoping often involves drawing masks that track an object or actors movement for animation or VFX purposes.|
|Masking||In layer-based video editing, masks are opaque or transparent layers that overlay shots.||Masks are used to isolate (block out) video elements, place text, VFX or other shots.|
3. How to Chroma Key in HitFilm
HitFilm has three primary effects for carrying out green screen removal on your videos.
- Color Difference Key is the simplest, basic effect for beginners.
- Hue & RGB Key is an intermediate solution found in all versions of HitFilm.
- Chroma Key effect is a more advanced option promising professional results.
All can be found inside HitFilm’s Effects inside the Keying folder.
In this part we will focus on the last two and explain how to use them on your shots.
TIP: The Color Difference Key lets you quickly key out red, green or blue screens.
3.1 Hue & RGB Key
The Hue & RGB Key goes beyond the Color Difference Key to allow any color to be picked. It uses a dropper or color picker that you can use to choose your screen color.
- To find this effect, visit Effects>Keying>Hue & RGB Key.
- Use the Tolerance slider (0.0-100%) to set the removal strength.
- Adjust the Edge Softness slider (0.0-100%) to add blur to foreground edges.
The View Matte checkbox is a useful two-tone guide for checking the extraction. If similar colors are being removed from the foreground subject, try changing Match Colors By to RGB instead of Hue.
TIP: Toggle the Invert checkbox to flip the extraction between foreground and screen.
3.2 Chroma Key
For the very best results, the Chroma Key effect has additional controls. As a premium feature, Chroma Key is only available in HitFilm Pro.
- To apply this effect, visit Effects>Keying>Chroma Key.
- Pick the background screen color using the dropper.
- Switch the View dropdown to Matte for a clearer guide.
- Use the Gain slider (0.00-5.00) to adjust the effect strength.
- Refine edges with the Clip Background and Clip Foreground sliders (Matte).
The Spill Suppression controls are an important Chroma Key feature. By adjusting the Amount slider (0-100%) you can set how much reflected screen light is removed.
Take a look at the guide How to green screen in HitFilm (right) for a practical demonstration using all these effects.
4. Extra reading: Image manipulation
Removing your video backgrounds is just the beginning in HitFilm. By combining other manipulations like masking, scaling and positioning you can create impressive composite shots.
To take the next steps, try following these associated guides:
- How to use Masking tools for creating overlays or wipes over shots.
- Scaling & Positioning – Transform and move keyed shots into position for overlays.
- Compositing – Improve shots with our top 5 green screen compositing techniques.
Motion Array is a great way to get royalty-free assets you can practice with. Here you can find stock photos, videos and motion graphics that already have green screens in shot.
Final FAQs for green screening
Green screening can seem pretty daunting, so here’s some answers to frequently asked questions.
There is no certain color you must use, but chroma green is recommended (#009933).
As a general rule you want a color that is distinctly different or contrasting with your shoot. So pick a green that is unique and won’t be confused with other elements in front.
Green screening is a post-production effect so it happens after a shoot. This makes it difficult to preview how a scene might look inside the camera.
CamTrackAR is a mobile app that can help with this. In addition to camera tracking, the paid version offers VFX pre-visualization including Live Chroma Key. | <urn:uuid:fad6f00c-e22a-4bb6-aa85-f8355a96cca5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fxhome.com/blog/how-to-chroma-key-in-hitfilm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.856106 | 1,520 | 2.34375 | 2 |
From Guifi.net - English Wiki
Beaglebone is a SBC with an ARM processor and several input-output interfaces. For that reason is needed an operative system prepared to run on an ARM architecture and with the corresponding drivers to make these interfaces work.
Note: this guide has been done with Ubuntu distribution, but it is possible that with the same steps it work with another Debian based distribution.
Install the base system
- Insert the microSD Card into your computer and observe which device it registers as by typing ls /dev/sd. If you are uncertain, remove the microSD Card and the entry should go away. Once you know which device your microSD Card is, follow the instructions below replacing /dev/sdX with the name of the microSD Card in your system.
- Begin partitioning the microSD card by typing
- Initialize a new partition table by selecting
o, then verify is empty by selecting
- Create a boot partition by selecting
1to specify the first partition. Press enter to accept the default first sector and specify
4095for the last sector.
- Change the partition type to FAT16 by selecting
efor ‘W95 FAT16 (LBA)’.
- Set the partition bootable by selecting
- Next, create the data partition for the root filesystem by selecting
nfor (new), then
2to specify the second partition. Accept the default values for the first and last sectors by pressing enter twice.
pto ‘print’ the partition table.
- Finally, commit the changes by selecting
wto write the partition table and exit fdisk.
- Continue to format the partitions and to install the boot system and the root system.
- Format partition 1 as FAT by typing
- Format partition 2 as ext4 by typing
- Install u-boot to the microSD Card.
wget http://s3.armhf.com/dist/bone/bone-uboot.tar.xz mkdir boot mount /dev/sdX1 boot tar xJvf bone-uboot.tar.xz -C boot umount boot
- Install the desired root filesystem to the microSD card (Ubuntu Trusty in this example).
wget http://s3.armhf.com/dist/bone/ubuntu-trusty-14.04-rootfs-188.8.131.52-bone-armhf.com.tar.xz mkdir rootfs mount /dev/sdX2 rootfs tar xJvf ubuntu-trusty-14.04-rootfs-184.108.40.206-bone-armhf.com.tar.xz -C rootfs umount rootfs
The microSD Card is now ready to boot. Note that for ubuntu installations, the login userid is ubuntu and the password is ubuntu.
Tip: the package cache has been flushed to reduce the size of the images. Run
apt-get update after boot to update the package cache, then run
apt-get upgrade to ensure the latest updates are installed.
To install Cloudy you can follow the instructions to convert a plain Debian installation in Cloudy by adding the system the specific files and tools of the distribution.
We call it "cloudynize".
We recommend to use a script to automate the process. You can know how to in the wiki page that explains how to "cloudynize". | <urn:uuid:885f595a-5d0d-415c-9e75-a66b7a27de9e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://en.wiki.guifi.net/w/index.php?title=Cloudy_Beaglebone&redirect=no | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.756323 | 806 | 2.203125 | 2 |
In the United States alone, a crime is committed every 3.5 seconds. As the world is evolving, crimes don’t solely happen on the streets. Crimes also occur online. And sometimes, those crimes often go unresolved because of the complexity involved with it.
If you’re not careful enough when you’re on the internet, then you can be a victim of a crime without even knowing it. There are lots of terrible stories online about people getting notices for something they didn’t do. Tales of ATM cards being zeroed out, credit cards becoming unusable, identity theft, and so on.
On the internet, a lot of things can happen. You can order clothes, sell food, post pictures, play games, watch movies, etc. With the internet, you name it; you got it. Although the internet brings ease and positivist for some, sadly, most also use it as a tool to commit a crime.
Although most hackers rarely participate in illegal activities, some commit crimes that come with massive implications. These acts done by rogue hackers are the reason why the word “hacker” sounds so negative. For a skilled criminal to get access to your data, all it takes are a few simple mistakes and an unsecured connection.
Most of the time, people often connect to public WiFi as a way to save on bills. They also think that free WiFi is more convenient. However, since public WiFi is, well, public, a lot of users can get on it and discreetly target unsuspecting people. Sound horrible? Here are few more causes why you shouldn’t connect to public WiFi:
ISP and Government Involvements
A local, or your Internet Service Provider or ISP can sometimes unlawfully check your activity through a public network. These bits of data can be used against you if you’re suspected of a crime (whether you did it or not). This is particularly true if you’re in a country that belongs to the five eyes, nine eyes, or fourteen eyes.
The countries that belong to these so-called eyes are Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Other participants that complete the fourteen eyes are Denmark, Netherlands, Norway, France, Spain, Belgium, Germany, Italy, and Sweden.
All these countries have a binding agreement to cooperate and legally access information from their citizens without consent. These data can be used for intelligence, counter-terrorism, Interpol, etc. As an honest citizen of one of these countries, you wouldn’t want to be involved in some deep level intelligence ring.
If you must use public Wi-Fi for anything, you can always check out the sites that list down the Best VPN 2019. A VPN or a virtual private network blankets your connection and makes it untraceable.
Although it’s not foolproof, breaking the intricate encryption methods involved with VPNs can be very time consuming and expensive. Unless you’re a high-level target for the government, then you’re not worth spending the time and resources. Just to be safe, always use a VPN if you’re in doubt.
Most Public WiFi’s are unsecured
As mentioned earlier, public WiFis allow almost everyone to connect to them. Skilled criminals can quickly get in a connection and use their tools and knowledge to do their crimes. Hackers can send in ransomware where they hold your private data and demand payment. They can steal your private information, credit card numbers, and they can even eavesdrop on your conversations.
Don’t let password-protected public connections fool you. A coffee shop that requires a customer a password to connect can just be as dangerous as an open connection. A hacker can simply order a cup of coffee and ask for the password and instant access. What’s the price of a single cup of coffee compared to the thousands of dollars they’ll get?
Viruses, Malware, and Trojans
Public WiFi is littered with these three. If you’re not careful, any virus, malware, or Trojan can easily get into your system and wreak havoc. You may get your cards stolen, held up for ransom, or you can ruin your laptop with viruses and other harmful programs on public Wi-Fi.
Public Wifis sometimes use login screens that let you log in to use the said connection. However, some WiFis don’t use that and allow you to directly login. Hackers can use that exploit and send you a fake page where you need to enter personal login credentials such as Facebook passwords to “bind” your account with the Wi-Fi.
What they’re really doing is getting your password. Binding your account with a Wi-Fi doesn’t even make sense, but these things do happen. These are common pitfalls for unsuspecting people wanting to connect to a public hotspot.
As the world is changing, so do the ways of criminals. Crime isn’t committed exclusively on the streets. It’s also done online. You might think that the law can protect you, but in a cruel twist of fate, the law can also spy on you and your activities online. Be careful when using and connecting to public WiFis. You never know who might be watching or listening. | <urn:uuid:5feed88d-36da-4e7f-9ece-092b67fa90b2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.techyv.com/tips/3-reasons-why-you-shouldnt-connect-to-public-wifi/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.940975 | 1,108 | 2.765625 | 3 |
The symptoms of salmonella include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, moderately high fever, and frequent chills. These symptoms are not life-threatening, but can lead to medical complications if proper treatment is not done at the early stages.
Salmonella is a bacterial strain, which when ingested via contaminated food and water, causes food poisoning, which is referred to as salmonellosis. The worst part with this bacteria is that it can foul any type of food item. Salmonella food poisoning is a worldwide problem, affecting millions of people every year. In the United States alone, approximately 500 people die every year because of the medical conditions caused by salmonellosis. Overall, incidences of food poisoning are much higher in crowded regions having poor sanitation.
The root cause is lack of hygiene and sanitation. In a healthy individual, the body manifests infection symptoms after invasion by millions of salmonella. However, some people suffer from food poisoning even when attacked by a small number. After infection, there is an incubation period of about 12 hours to three days. The symptoms are not very serious themselves, but a prolonged condition can lead to medical complications. Thus, timely treatment and following self-care tips are of utmost importance to avoid worsening of the condition.
Humans (as well as pets) infected by salmonella remain as carriers of this deadly organism and pass them out in feces. When the bacteria comes in direct contact with food items or at the time of processing again contaminates food, rendering it unpalatable for human consumption. If, by any chance, people ingest these fouled foods, poisoning symptoms are manifested. This way, salmonella transmission takes place from an infected individual to another.
- The first notable sign of salmonella food poisoning is nausea and dizziness. Within 12 – 48 hours of ingestion, the patient feels an urge to throw up.
- As the incubation period is over, the affected person manifests vomiting, forcing the stomach to empty with pressure. The frequency of vomiting may increase with passing time.
- Nausea, vomiting, and other gastroenteritis symptoms are associated with abdominal cramps and passing of loose stools. Diarrhea symptoms may range from watery feces to bloody stools.
- Some affected people report moderate fever and chills. Weakness, headache, muscle pain, and fatigue are present in all patients with salmonellosis.
- In severe cases, salmonella enters the bloodstream, resulting in bacteremia, after which it may invade the internal tissues of the body, causing a condition called septicemia.
The duration the symptoms vary from one person to another, depending upon factors like overall fitness, age, extent of ingestion, and type of strain. Symptoms are severe and manifested for an extended period in children, older citizens, and those who have underlying health problems. If vomiting and diarrhea persist for a longer period, patients are at a risk of developing dehydration complications.
Even if the symptoms are profound, correct diagnosis is crucial to provide further treatment. This is because, there are several medical problems that mimic the symptoms of salmonella infection. Salmonellosis is suspected, if many people are showing the same gastroenteritis signs, that too after eating the same food. Once in a hospital, the physician will perform stool analysis and culturing of the feces as an appropriate testing medium. Poisoning is confirmed after identifying the same strain from the medium.
The correct treatment method is debatable. While some physicians prescribe antibiotics for killing salmonella, others are against prescription of medication, considering that salmonellosis is a self-limiting condition. Nevertheless, administration of antibiotics is imperative for people who have a compromised immune system. | <urn:uuid:814106cf-c24b-43ca-95f9-1e93b1a335cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://healthhearty.com/salmonella-symptoms-in-humans | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.94161 | 770 | 3.796875 | 4 |
Humankind’s health and quality of living and economic advances in the 20th-century are correlated with an unprecedented rise in energy consumption.
Up to 32% of America’s energy comes from clean, affordable, and abundant natural gas. But natural gas isn’t yesterday’s energy — it’s the fuel of the future. SGA members, both operators and suppliers are creating cleaner fuel by finding new sources and using creative technology to make this reliable energy source cleaner than ever. These investments are driving innovation across the industry, and powering progress for our shared planet, and the people who call it home. Yet, today, businesses and consumers face demands for the forcible phasing out of fossil fuel energy.
There is a gale force tailwind on a transition to low carbon energy. Today’s overcharged, divided political climate requires that energy companies must constructively communicate their ESG journey. Open dialogue with stakeholders about current operations and how operations perform in context of environmental, societal, governance frameworks is essential.
Finally, ESG is not a compliance exercise, it requires leaders who are equipped to meet the heightened expectation of business. Stakeholders are in quest of genuine sustainable solutions and companies that care about intergenerational well-being. It is not enough to be profitable; your organization’s investors, customers and employees seek companies and leaders that make decisions from an alignment of economic, social equity and justice, and environmental perspective.
Don’t miss Suzanne’s presentation at Enercom Dallas on April 6, 2021
Wanting more information on Environmental Social Governance (ESG)? Join SGA and Suzanne on April 29, 2021 for the Introduction to ESG Webinar. | <urn:uuid:6b58dcf1-1ce7-4dd9-b6a8-1ec1c5aa202c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://southerngas.org/2021/04/suzanne-ogle-president-ceo-of-sga-to-present-at-enercom-dallas-on-april-6-2021/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.919267 | 354 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Convergent Thinking & Decision Making: Three Archetypes Every Manager Should Know
Client: American Production & Inventory Control Society (APICS) Continuing Education
Project duration: Boot Camp
Project category: Convergent Thinking & Decision Making
The American Production & Inventory Control Society (APICS) is a non-profit international education organization that regularly hosts continuing education & development events for its members. We presented “Three System Archetypes every Manager Should Know”, one of our boot camp offerings, for a mixed audience of professional practitioners, graduate students, project managers, and engineers.
We presented a brief overview of Structured Systems Thinking including how to distinguish between the visible and latent system effects as well as how to read system archetype models. We then reviewed three common system archetypes managers encounter: Limits-to-Growth, Fixes-that-Fail, and Drifting-Goals. We illustrated how managers might recognize the presence of these archetypes in their daily work. And for each archetype we indicated how problems arose by only attempting to create a fix in the “visible” system and what that caused in the latent, or hidden, system structure. We also provided more holistic suggestions and policy options that enabled navigating these archetypes that both increased performance while avoiding problems.
Review of Systems Thinking Perspective
Presentation of Limits-to-Growth System Archetype
Presentation of Fixes-that-Fail System Archetype
Presentation of Drifting-Goals System Archetype
Improvement to forecasting by knowledge of system archetypes
Better decision-making and policy formulation by avoiding fixes-that-fail
How to diagnose what archetype a manager is experiencing and what to do
Demonstrating how the same archetype could apply to many scenarios | <urn:uuid:2af4674d-2b45-4ea3-83bd-573b943586ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://dialecticsims.com/case-studies-item/threearchetypes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.88367 | 364 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Bermuda is divided as much by class as it is by race
I never thought I would reach the stage when I would question the efficacy of democracy. This is not to suggest that the voice of the people or the majority is not worth seeking, but to question whether liberal democracy and freedom are actually attainable.
Certainly as an ideal and aspiration it is hard to argue against the rights and freedom of all and the right for an individual to enjoy personal liberty. The United States of America is a great experiment for testing and understanding all the nuances of how to achieve balance in a democracy. Over the past five years and right up to today, Donald Trump in particular has thrown up questions that are testing the very limits of its efficacy and durability.
The American Revolution brought to light an inspired thought, which allowed humanity to go beyond the dogmatism of religion. It placed the elements of morality such as "thou shalt not steal or kill", etc, under a judiciary, hence the separation of church and state.
That kind of arrangement facilitated freedom of the individuals who now are considered as equal human beings regardless of their beliefs or sense or regard for notions of morality. It further recognised the potential for the tyranny of the majority and tried to structure a legislative and electoral environment to achieve some balance. None of the ideals can be achieved without the spirit, if not the conviction, to achieve what the founding fathers envisioned within the constitutional construct. All of this may be esoteric for Bermuda.
I can fully subscribe to freedom of thought and belief, because there should be no compulsion for religion. But the reality of freedom sets the stage for any majority to advance a construct that can support an evil. Constitutionality is meant to bring human society above personal or tribal bias. Constitutionality, however difficult, is meant also to create a level playing field where the status of equality and participation reaches everyone. How is that status of equality protected and how is reason able to prevail if a majority can institute policies or rule that circumvents it? Shouldn't there exist an authority where an appeal can be made to address and repeal an evil or injustice or something that defies reason?
In our and other systems, that is partly what a Senate is meant to be, but one simple answer may be found with human rights commissions and ombudsmen that are created for those purposes. However, as the structural remedy systemically and legislatively enshrined, can they properly fulfil that function if they are appointed and beholden to the very governments as instruments that represent that majority? They would need to be totally independent and not dependent on the appointment of the ruling governments.
The issue of equality and fairness transcends political opinion or parties. The ability to seek justice and equality should also transcend politics and needs to be available as a feature of freedom from tyranny.
Bermuda has historically been plagued by a type of tribalism. We have focused on race, but class divides have been a deep and insidious problem that continue up until this very day. If we were to put aside race, we would see an unbroken chain of classism since our inception.
There has never been any sense of egalitarianism. The whites among the whites understood elitism and pedigree through different families based on wealth and attitudes of status dating back to the "landed gentry".
The blacks among blacks today are divided by proximity to political power. Racism is not our biggest abiding problem. The PLP is not a party that represents the Black cause. In reality it represents a class within a class when you examine who gains the privileges.
The very belief that the PLP represents the Black population is a marketable ideology that sells and is used much as propaganda, but the reality is that it represents a political elite that has created a class of its own whose privileges are afforded by adherence to a doctrine that they are the benefactors to the Black population.
The real truth is if there were no white people in Bermuda, there would still be a huge problem of class, and equally, if there were no Black people, the historical problem for Bermuda would again have been class.
The only way up from this form of this tribalism based on either race or class is adherence to constitutionality and principles of conduct that are equitable.
That truth is a universal phenomenon, where we will observe that mankind has evolved out of religious tribalism and culture with tribal gods to that of universal ideas based on one ultimate source and one human family. We have evolved religiously to the understanding that truth and access to that source is available to all and not by adherence to a culture.
Evolved democracies have copied that reality and created a structure for society that can be a reflection of that higher truth beyond their tribal impulses. Such a constitutional adherence should provide freedom and justice for all simply because you are a human.
Bermuda will remain a tribal community until there arises from among its people a similar adherence to a constitutionality based on principles and not tribal and cultural affiliation. | <urn:uuid:6ae564ec-5936-48e0-9563-621277118ec6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.royalgazette.com/opinion-writer/opinion/article/20211230/bermuda-is-divided-as-much-by-class-as-it-is-by-race/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.968081 | 1,011 | 2 | 2 |
Georgetown, Ohio (population 3,786), is the county seat and largest village in Brown County in the Cincinnati metro area. It was incorporated in 1832.
Georgetown's Historic District was placed in the National Register as a U.S. bicentennial project in 1976, after façade restorations and a signage ordinance were completed. It is centered on the 1851 Greek Revival courthouse, which was restored after a devastating fire in the late 1970s.
One block away is the boyhood home of Ulysses S. Grant, a National Historic Landmark. Built by his father, the home was Ulysses S. Grant's residence for 16 years. Another related site is the schoolhouse attended by Grant, built in 1829. Both sites are owned and operated by the Ohio Historical Society. Trained volunteers interpret Georgetown's 19th century homes and businesses for visitors, including more than 800 school children annually.
Marketing itself as the "Land of Grant," Georgetown hosts an annual U.S. Grant Celebration and Living History program that attracts 1,500 visitors and boosts the local economy. Reenactments include the arrival of Morgan's Raiders, a Civil War wedding and ball, and demonstrations of period skills.
Main Street's Commercial Row features Victorian Italianate buildings, and nearby Federal Row contains buildings constructed between 1828 and 1850. Georgetown's historic theater, first opened in 1907 as a vaudeville house, was the first place in town to show "talkies" and remained in use as a movie theater until 1962. Now beautifully restored to its original splendor, the Gaslight Theater is a cultural hub for the region.
Other historic attractions include an 1870s jail, home to the Historical Society Museum, and the New Hope Road Bridge in Georgetown, the longest single covered bridge still standing in Ohio.
Designated a Preserve America Community in August 2005. | <urn:uuid:c4b262bf-aad8-49a4-9902-ebcc315c960d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.achp.gov/preserve-america/community/georgetown-ohio | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.967061 | 386 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Which sector is tourism in?
In a nutshell
The sector can be divided into two parts – the travel industry and the tourism services industry. These include transport services, accommodation, food and drink establishments, travel agencies, transport rental and cultural, sport and recreation services.
Is tourism an industry or a sector?
$460 bn contribution to India’s GDP by 2028
Travel and Tourism was the largest service industry in India was worth $234 bn in 2018. The industry has become one of the largest Foreign Exchange Earners in India with earnings of $29.962 billion over Jan 2019 – Dec 2019 equating a growth of 4.8% over the previous year.
What are the 5 main tourism sector?
To this point we have learned about the five sectors of tourism: transportation, accommodation, food and beverage, recreation and entertainment, and travel services.
What comprises the tourism industry?
In its broadest sense, the tourism industry is the total of all businesses that directly provide goods or services to facilitate business, pleasure and leisure activities away from the home environment.
What is a tourism sector definition?
1. An economic sector where users spend their time by recreational activities mostly but not necessarily in remote locations other than where they permanently work and get education.
How many sectors are there in tourism?
Canada’s tourism sector is composed of five distinct but related industry groups: accommodation, food and beverage services, recreation and entertainment, transportation and travel services.
What are the 8 tourism categories?
The 8 Sectors of the Tourism Industry
- The 8 Sectors of the Tourism Industry.
- Adventure Tourism and Recreation. …
- Attractions. …
- Events and Conferences. …
- Food and Beverage. …
- Tourism Services. …
- Transportation. …
- Travel Trade. | <urn:uuid:0f3b70f0-6efb-4eda-943e-4771707c2988> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://roamonurown.com/travel/in-which-sector-is-tourism-included.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.921948 | 378 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Name any exemplary artist you’ll need. It doesn’t matter whether they’ll be in sport, business or entertainment. It applies in each and every field. If you want to understand these products they are doing, could it be actually are wonderful… don’t inquire. Individuals who’re excellent in anything they do generally can’t inform you why. This is often relevant from plumbers to professors from maqui berries maqui berries maqui berries maqui berry farmers to pharmacologists from rat catchers to researchers. Famous performance investigator Dr Thomas Gilbert claims that exemplary performers buy one take into account keeping. They are excellent in anything they do.
What Exemplary Performers Think
I’m not to declare that exemplary performers won’t or can’t inform you these products they are doing. I am stating that what you appear initially sight doing along with the things they are doing may be… well… quite different.
Evidence has me overwhelmed. The research goes back decades. I’m able to pages and make use of a raft of studies that will likely mean nothing to you. They aren’t big names. Get in touch direct and I’ll point you for your work they are doing.
Before I preferred my chance online, Used to formerly become an consultant to large companies. To satisfy government legislation around australia, it elevated to acquire fashionable for companies to conduct “performance analyses”. Effective employees within their fields, whether plant operators, accountants or factory workers were requested to explain what you did that built them into delicious in their jobs. Among my client companies put themselves towards the work enthusiastically to uncover the thing it was their “best” workers did that built them into “best”. The workers co-operated fully without coercion.
The issue was, when the researchers sitting and observed these employees for doing things, they didn’t function what you stated they did. They found there’s been lots of small but significant variations between what outstanding workers stated they did along with the things these were really observed doing. The workers weren’t lounging. They simply weren’t conscious within the significance or the advantages of this.
“Plan, Organize, Lead and Control”
I have to admit this. There’s without any strong evidence to suggest that effective managers pay most concentrate on what this famous theory suggests. It is only a concept. It absolutely was recommended obtaining a French engineer, Henri Fayol in 1916. If you’re looking inside the good status for management you have to understand about Fayol’s theories. However, if you want to know effective managers do, there’s a mountain of empirical research indicating that effective managers perform an infinitely more important things than traditional POLC.
What’s All This Mean?
What this means is this: if you wish to copy the task connected obtaining a outstanding artist inside your business, asking these products they are doing won’t help. They just do not know. Be it instinct, talent, experience or plain rat cunning, it’s unlikely they’ve known precisely anything they do, additionally to why they’re doing the job. But to acquire helpful, they’ll inform you what you think they need to say.
Watch, Ask, Confirm
Observe what outstanding performers – exemplars – do. Then inquire concerning anything they do. “I observed that you just always achieve least a couple of momemts early by getting a scheduled appointment. You think that’s important? What’s essential regarding this?” Once they have described their position, confirm what you say together.
The Little Things
The variations between “say” and “do” are frequently small. Nevertheless the influence or price of individuals small problems is big. The exemplar may not consider them important. But greater than a season, the primary among hitting 65% and 75% within the free throw line a lot of points.
I am aware that the couple of a few things i have stated within the following sentences flies when confronted with whoever you hire and so are really trained or told. If you don’t believe me, consider somebody who’s efficient at something: barbecuing steaks, fishing for bass, ironing clothes any type of many ordinary tasks. Inquire could it be actually are wonderful. Immediately after observe them carefully and record your observations. I rest my situation. | <urn:uuid:071c93a6-451e-4d59-bda1-1b1f3a311b02> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.restfile.net/exemplary-worker-performers-dont-just-ask-watch-then-ask/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.958488 | 959 | 1.609375 | 2 |
THE WOODLANDS, TX
One of the most common types of plastic surgery is rhinoplasty, or nose surgery. Rhinoplasty makes it possible to reshape, augment or reduce your nose as a means of boosting your confidence and achieving facial harmony.
Though often performed strictly as a cosmetic procedure, rhinoplasty can also be a reconstructive procedure that corrects a birth defect or injury, such as a broken nose. In other instances, rhinoplasty may be a means of addressing breathing issues. Nose reshaping combined with endoscopic sinus surgery or septoplasty is a very effective method of treating many types of breathing problems.
If you’ve ever considered undergoing rhinoplasty in Houston, you’ve likely wondered whether or not you are a good candidate. The good news is that many people are, indeed, good candidates. The best candidates are individuals who are over the age of 14 and have finished facial growth and have been contemplating surgery for a while. You also should not be a smoker, and you need to be in good overall health. To determine whether rhinoplasty is right for you, Dr Khetarpal will discuss your goals with you to make sure your desired results are realistic and that you want the surgery for personal reasons and not for someone else.
HOW RHINOPLASTY WORKS
Rhinoplasty is usually performed on an outpatient basis using general anesthesia or IV sedation. During the procedure, one of two techniques is typically used. Your surgeon will likely opt for closed rhinoplasty, with incisions made inside the nostrils, or open rhinoplasty, with an incisions made in the tissue between the nostrils. During either procedure, the surgeon will gently lift the soft tissue covering the nose. This provides access to the bone and cartilage which is then sculpted to the desired shape. If augmentation is desired, additional cartilage is taken from the septum, the ear, rib or banked cartilage may be used.
Once reshaping is complete, the soft tissue is then redraped over the underlying structure and stitched closed. The entire procedure typically takes about one to two hours.
For a short time following nose surgery, you may experience swelling, bruising, pain, bleeding, stuffiness or headaches. In most cases, these symptoms subside within a couple days, and most patients are able to return to work within a week.
The result of your surgery will gradually become apparent in the days following your procedure, with full results appearing once the swelling has gone down completely. The vast majority of patients with realistic expectations are extremely happy with the results of rhinoplasty.
RHINOPLASTY IN HOUSTON & THE WOODLANDS, TX
For rhinoplasty in Houston, contact Dr. Khetarpal at the Khetarpal Facial Plastics Institute (facenosemd.com). | <urn:uuid:3cd2bcc2-3888-44ad-af1e-8856f3cde858> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sinusmd.com/rhinoplasty | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.940774 | 644 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Role of NGOs in Municipal Solid waste Management
Huge amounts of municipal solid waste create massive challenges for all Asian cities across the economic spectrum. The issues and vary as such the techniques used to manage solid waste should vary in accordance to local conditions as this is the only way to maintain sustainability.
Most of the Asian cities are home to over 1 million billion people and by 2025, it is expected it will be inhabited by over 4 billion people. Half of this population is found in cities and is expected to produce over 180 million tonnes of municipal solid waste per day. Waste managed by municipalities includes waste from offices, small businesses, restaurants and households.
However, in other countries especially those that have limited waste legislation, it might include waste from some of the small industrial plants. NGOs play an important role in municipal solid waste management in these countries. Some of these include the following:
- They provide prominent support to waste workers in the informal sector and enterprises so they can organize themselves to improve working facilities and conditions, increase earnings and also extend access to some of the important social services like schooling for children and healthcare.
- When NGOs come into the picture, privatization means there will be transfer of ownership and management from the public to private sector. While this is the case, it has proven to be a reliable and powerful technique of improving waste management services like haulage, disposal and collection.
- By operating in different partnership forms with public sector, NGOs also provide management, organization capacity capital, technical skills and labor.
NGOs are also mainly involved with collection of waste from different sources of generation suc as hotels, houses, restaurants and markets. After collecting waste, they dispose it in the nearest SDSs. However, it is important to note that most of the NGOs don’t handle composting of the organic waste as well as medical waste. This is especially true in cities such as Khulna.
What is more, NGOs also set up collection systems. This means that waste collection from the generation sources is carried out by the NGOs and some even transfer the waste to compost plants. More importantly, some of the NGOs also collect waste from some of the households and they receive payment in small amounts from dwellers.
For NGOs to play their role in municipal solid waste efficiently, they need to collection facilities as well. As such, most of them have vans used for collection and manpower in order to increase efficiency. It is because of all these reasons and more that NGOs are an important part of municipal solid waste management.
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Contact our support team today, place your order and we guarantee it will be the best decision you ever made! | <urn:uuid:e65ba4f2-5817-40a3-990c-be49e296fff6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.essaysexperts.net/blog/sample-essay-on-role-of-ngos-in-municipal-solid-waste-management/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.971309 | 621 | 3.046875 | 3 |
The answer to that question very much depends on what you plan to do with the car. If you enjoy the act of driving, and are in no particular hurry, then an automatic gearbox is ideal.
- Automatic Gears –An auto gearbox makes the gear shift when the engine rpm hits a certain figure, and with today’s units, the change is as smooth as it gets. The major difference from the driver’s perspective is the lack of a clutch pedal, leaving you with a very wide brake pedal, operated by the left foot, while the smaller accelerator pedal is on the right. One can apply the brakes in any gear and even bring the car to a stop, where the engine will idle until you release the brake. This is great when in bumper-to-bumper traffic, as you don’t need to make the gear change, and can crawl or inch forward effortlessly. If your gears seem to be changing at the wrong time, or not at all, there is affordable gearbox reconditioning in Romford, and that will transform the car.
- Manual Gears – Driving a high performance car requires the use of a manual gearbox, as driver control is far better, you can hold a gear until you get maximum power delivery onto the drive wheels. You can also use the gears to slow you down, which takes a lot of the strain from the brake pads, and with a responsive gearbox and a skilled driver, speeds can reach 300kph, thanks to the manual gearbox.
Most people prefer the automatic, yet the true performance driver will never relinquish his control, by going automatic. Premier vehicles have auto gearing as standard, unless you specifically order a manual version. | <urn:uuid:fe43ff36-82c5-45c8-b824-9b4d52878ffd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://moto-champ.net/automatic-or-manual-whats-the-best/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.951931 | 351 | 2.09375 | 2 |
The Thulasizwe Primary School in Boksburg celebrated the opening of a brand-new library and information centre this week which was donated by Hyundai Automotive South Africa and the Hyundai Motor Company, in collaboration with the Imperial and Motus Community Trust.
It is the 14th library that has been opened at selected schools in previously disadvantaged communities in the Witwatersrand region, as a result of the partnership between Hyundai and the Imperial and Motus Community Trust.
“I have represented Hyundai at most of the library openings, and every one of them has been a very special occasion. It is our vision that these libraries and information centres will bridge the gap of illiteracy at primary schools in our communities and that it will prepare the learners for a bright future,” said Niall Lynch, Chief Executive Officer of Hyundai Automotive South Africa, at the opening ceremony held on Thursday 28th July.
“Our aim is to assist these selected schools to provide a balanced and holistic education that will enable their learners to excel and realise their potential both academically, and as young individuals.”
The library and information centre at Thulasizwe Primary School in Windmill Park, Boksburg, was installed in one of the classrooms which was prepared for this purpose. The cost of the whole project, which includes the acquisition of books, computer laptops, learning aids such as a digital “white board” and the salary of a librarian for year, amounts to R 1,62 million.
The librarian will manage the teaching programmes and support the school for five years, while training staff members at the school to take on the role of librarians after this period.
Hyundai Automotive SA has also partnered with the Reel Gardening initiative to establish a vegetable garden at Thulasizwe Primary School.
The aim of this project is to work together to educate and employ community members to establish their own gardens.
Reel Gardening consists of a vegetable garden kit which contains a biodegradable seed tape that can be planted straight into the ground. The tape takes all the guesswork and confusion out of starting a vegetable garden. It contains high quality, non-chemically treated seeds.
The seeds are held within the tape at the correct depth and distance apart for the plants to grow.
Hyundai will introduce the Reel Gardening kits to each school to which a library is donated to help provide food security to underprivileged communities.
At the opening ceremony, Khanya Magudulela, Human Resources Director at Hyundai Automotive SA, encouraged the learners of Thulasizwe Primary to gain knowledge by reading and using the library.
“Reading can let your imagination go and let you create your own pictures. Books can keep you entertained even when there is load shedding. Reading and education can help you to go places, to get a good job and save money to travel and broaden your mind,” she said.
In his address Mr Peter Moropa, Principal of Thulasizwe Primary School, thanked Hyundai and the Imperial and Motus Community Trust for their involvement with education and the establishment of the library and information centre.
“It is only through education that learners from this community will be able to face the challenges of the future,” he said.
Mr Nathan Harris, Deputy Principal of Windmill Park Primary School which received a library in February this year, said at the handover, they have noticed that school attendance improved after the library was opened. | <urn:uuid:a4917e7b-3501-4485-be97-7d3db889f5ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.showbizscope.co.za/thulasizwe-primary-gets-brand-new-library-from-hyundai/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.967704 | 715 | 1.898438 | 2 |
(The Stanleys refused to be called “kings” and instead adopted the title “lord of Mann,” which still holds.)
The lordship of Man passed to the dukes of Atholl in 1736, but in the decades that followed, the island became a major centre for the contraband trade, thus depriving the British government of valuable customs revenues.
In response, the British Parliament purchased sovereignty over the island in 1765 and acquired the Atholl family’s remaining prerogatives on the island in 1828.
The government consists of an elected president; a Legislative Council, or upper house; and a popularly elected House of Keys, or lower house.
The two houses function as separate legislative bodies but come together to form what is known as the Tynwald Court to transact legislative business.
The House of Keys constitutes one of the most ancient legislative assemblies in the world.
The Isle of Man levies its own taxes.
Though fishing, agriculture, and smuggling were formerly important, offshore financial services, high-technology manufacturing, and tourism from Britain are now the mainstays of the island’s economy.
The island’s annual Tourist Trophy motorcycle races (in June) attract many visitors.
The island’s farms produce oats, wheat, barley, turnips, and potatoes, and cattle and sheep graze on the pastures of the central massif.
The principal towns are Douglas, the capital; Peel; Castletown; and Ramsey.
There is an airport near Castletown, and packet boats connect Man with the British mainland. Pop. (1995 est.) 69,600.
Scandinavian invasions of Ireland are recorded from 795, when Rechru, an island not identified, was ravaged.
Thenceforth fighting was incessant, and although the natives often more than held their own, Scandinavian kingdoms arose at Dublin, Limerick, and Waterford.
The kings of Dublin for a time felt strong enough for foreign adventure, and in the early 10th century several of them ruled in both Dublin and Northumberland.
The likelihood that Ireland would be unified under Scandinavian leadership passed with the Battle of Clontarf in 1014, when the Irish Scandinavians, supported by the Earl of Orkney and some native Irish, suffered disastrous defeat.
Yet in the 12th century the English invaders of Ireland found the Scandinavians still dominant (though Christianized) at Dublin, Waterford, Limerick, Wexford, and Cork.
THE CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE AND FRANCE
Viking settlement was never achieved in the well-defended empire on the scale evidenced in the British Isles, and Scandinavian influence on continental languages and institutions is, outside Normandy, very slight.
Sporadic raiding did occur, however, until the end of the Viking period; and, in the 10th century, settlements on the Seine River became the germ of the duchy of Normandy, the only permanent Viking achievement in what had been the empire of Charlemagne (see Norman).
Farther south than France – in the Iberian peninsula and the Mediterranean coasts–the Vikings raided from time to time but accomplished little of permanence.
The eastern Viking expansion was probably a less violent process than that on the Atlantic coasts.
Although there was, no doubt, plenty of sporadic raiding in the Baltic and although to go on the “east-Viking” was an expression meaning to indulge in such activity, no Viking kingdom was founded with the sword in that area.
The greatest eastern movement of the Scandinavians was that which carried them to the lands of encient Ukraine, called at that time Rus(which mistakenly transfered to a modern word “Russia”). “Conquering” of Ukraine-Rus was much less violent.
Envaders came for trading on their longboats, which could go in “High seas” as well as on small rivers, and where easy to drag from one body of water to another.
Vikings (variags as they were called in Rus) merged with the local population. Chieftains maried doughters of nobels, while “druzhyna”(footmen, small army) blended with freemen, so that by beginning of 1000’s only names reminded of variags presense.
The Rus were clearly in the main traders, and two of their commercial treaties with the Greeks are preserved in the Primary Chronicle under 912 and 945; the Rus signatories have indubitably Scandinavian names. Occasionally, however, the Rus attempted voyages of plunder like their kinsmen in the West. Their existence as a separate people did not continue past 1050 at the latest. The first half of the 11th century appears to have seen a new Viking movement toward the East.
A number of Swedish runic stones record the names of men who went with Yngvarr on his journeys. These journeys were to the East, but only legendary accounts of their precise direction and intention survive.
A further activity of the Scandinavians in the East was service as mercenaries in Constantinople (now Istanbul), where they formed the Varangian Guard of the Byzantine emperor.
After the 11th century the Viking chief became a figure of the past.
Norway and Sweden had no more force for external adventure, and Denmark became a conquering power, able to absorb the more unruly elements of its population into its own royal armies.
Olaf II Haraldsson of Norway, before he became king in 1015, was practically the last Viking chief in the old independent tradition.
‘Longship’, also called VIKING SHIP, type of sail and oar vessel that predominated in northern European waters for more than 1,500 years and played an important role in history.
Ranging from 45 to 75 feet (14 to 23 metres) in length, and clinker-built (with overlapped planks), the longship carried a single square sail and was exceptionally sturdy in heavy seas.
Its ancestor was, doubtless, the dugout, and the longship remained double-ended; fully developed examples have been found dating from 300 BC.
It carried the Vikings on their piratical raids of the 9th century and bore Leif Eriksson to America in 1000; it was also used by Dutch, French, English, and German merchants and warriors. | <urn:uuid:f43ae4c0-495a-4f55-831f-9fa8a657c870> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.lost-civilizations.net/vikings-isle-man-leif-eriksson.html/2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.966461 | 1,339 | 2.890625 | 3 |
More often than not, a author gets some ideas for the essay tale away from nowhere. Nonetheless, perhaps the inspiration that is highest at its performance top only will perhaps maybe not work with out a narrative essay outline. a narrative essay outline has basic guidelines tutorial. The writer should adhere to them in order to create an effective narrative essay.
The outline associated with narrative essay has a thesis statement utilizing the clear conflict or more front side.
“I learned Spanish hard and now I’m fluent at talking Spanish”.
Expert essay author should take effect from the essay with a subject phrase. For instance, “My incapacity to talk Spanish fluently had been a major burden for me within the class”. The outline is written ensuring the chronological set of events as there are many ways for the writer to begin the narrative story writing.
Essay Outline Details
An essay outline can be called the also narrative arc. It will start out with the exposition, explaining the right some time spot when you look at the essay introduction. Additionally, it should introduce the primary essay or story characters вЂSetting: Stockton, Calif. St.Endrew Twelfth Grade, very early September 2012. Characters: John Olafson, protagonist, recently arrived from Bakersfield, Calif. Character’s primary features: tall, red locks, blue eyes.”
Bear in mind, that the essay outline is mainly just records for the writer, the outline ought not to move whilst the essay it self.
- Following the essay characters and exposition that is setting obviously stated, the author should complete the unknown aspects of the protagonist life utilizing the conflict, hard situation, antagonists and actions. “The main conflict described in the essay is John’s incapacity to speak Spanish though he understands all of the sentence structure rules along with his language is rich”.
- The outline may state. “In addition, he gets constant heckling from a course bully, Ben Waldo.”
- The outline has a target to exhibit the conflict it self, nevertheless the antagonist that is main be involved in it too.
- The action that is rising provide details to your problems that look through the conflict. “John includes a fantasy to ask their Spanish-speaking friend Jane out, but he cannot try this while he could possibly get no term out.” “Jane continues on a night out together with Ben.”
Essay Conclusion Outline
- The finish for the essay is really important. The orgasm must be a point that is turning. It does not make a difference exactly just how much writing you used to explain it. Once the conflict is settled, the author may check out the outline finishing. “Jane realizes that John is unique and sees him in a fresh method.”
- The narrative essay could also have an unhappy ending. “Jane confesses to John that she actually is likely to marry Ben.”
- It does not make a difference just exactly what ending are you going to select, the pattern essay-writing.org/write-my-paper/ exposition-rising action- climax-resolving must certanly be utilized in all conditions. This is actually the most useful pattern for several narrative tales.
Do you realize we could compose your Essay for You?
Essay Outline Construction
We take in our life” below you can find the example of the real outline of the 5 paragraph essay on the topic “Decisions.
Thesis declaration: throughout the life, an individual should encounter decisions that are many however the choices manufactured in youth had been the toughest.
Body Paragraph 1
Topic Sentence: Brooklyn may be the destination where I launched my eyes into the globes when it comes to time that is first.
Detail 1: Family information.
Example: I spent my youth with my dad, coping with their part of this household.
Detail 2: Where I skilled experienced my very very first life challenges.
Example: I experienced to .
Example: Playing regarding the roads during the summer.
Body Paragraph 2
Topic Sentence: Being created and raised in Brooklyn and making all of it.
Detail 1: it’s difficult to split up through the social people i spent my youth with.
Example: the majority of my entire life I invested with my grandmother.
Example: I accustomed venture out with my friends and cousins.
Detail 2: I happened to be afraid to go out of my environments.
Example: Description of my neighbor hood.
Example: Description of my loved ones.
Detail 3: Reluctance to erase the goals and objectives I had.
In order to become a person that is successful the hometown.
Body Paragraph 3
Topic Sentence: The point that is turning of life time.
Detail 1: just how to keep all you know away from shock.
Example: not time that is enough see everybody else before making.
Detail 2: prerequisite to restart the life.
Example: brand brand New individuals.
Example: New places.
Detail 3: Getting used to people entirely contrary than you.
Example: College hostel.
Example: Real student’s life through the very first college 12 months.
After every one of the experience got because the youth, I became more separate and learned steps to make my very own choices, without getting put through the impact associated with other folks. | <urn:uuid:bde70690-704d-47d5-9486-8972b8271552> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://web2.sagradocorazon.edu.co/2021/08/22/simple-tips-to-write-a-narrative-essay-outline-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.943756 | 1,214 | 2.5 | 2 |
When we talk about human health, unfortunately, some people still hear severe diagnosis because their disease was diagnosed too late. Some conditions have almost no symptoms until the situation gets really bad and only regular health checks can reduce the risk.
Same applies to plants. And we are ready to help them to avoid this scenario.
This technology leverages precision agriculture, artificial intelligence and hyperspectral imaging for optimized crop yield and fertilization while reducing the environmental impact. It focuses on potatoes and wheat. The key is targeted application rather than whole-field treatment.
Since algorithms can be described as opinions in code, the visualisation of these opinions is the foundation on which advisors and farmers alike can base their decision making. The benefits are usability, rapid assessment, accuracy and consistent results.
Main problems that the technology solves:
However, as the application of pesticides and fungicides is hampered by adverse weather conditions and outdated agricultural machinery, farmers need to rely on advisors that know the regional specificities. Their service includes a web platform for hyperspectral data submission and storage, as well as data aggregation and integration with the GIS-based FMIS AgroSmart for analysis result presentation and delivery. Further integrations with other FMIS (such as 365FarmNet and Akkerweb) are currently explored.
Successful agricultural operations depend on field management including crop monitoring for nutrients, irrigation, diseases, and overall plant health. Traditionally this has been carried out by visual examination of crops on the ground. However, these methods are limited and only fighting the symptoms instead of proactively preventing them. | <urn:uuid:adbd0381-d7f8-499a-b18d-69a88757b10e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://art21.lt/en/projects/item/mobile-flying-laboratory.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.957093 | 318 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Transition metal disulfides crystallizing in the pyrite structure (e.g., TMS 2, with TM Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) are a class of materials that display a remarkably diverse array of functional properties. These properties include highly spin-polarized ferromagnetism (in Co 1- xFe xS 2), superconductivity (in CuS 2), an antiferromagnetic Mott insulating ground state (in NiS 2), and semiconduction with close to optimal parameters for solar absorber applications (in FeS 2). Exploitation of these properties in heterostructured devices requires the development of reliable and reproducible methods for the deposition of high quality pyrite structure thin films. In this manuscript, we report on the suitability of reactive sputter deposition from metallic targets in an Ar/H 2S environment as a method to achieve exactly this. Optimization of deposition temperature, Ar/H 2S pressure ratio, and total working gas pressure, assisted by plasma optical emission spectroscopy, reveals significant windows over which deposition of single-phase, polycrystalline, low roughness pyrite films can be achieved. This is illustrated for the test cases of the ferromagnetic metal CoS 2 and the diamagnetic semiconductor FeS 2, for which detailed magnetic and transport characterization are provided. The results indicate significant improvements over alternative deposition techniques such as ex situ sulfidation of metal films, opening up exciting possibilities for all-sulfide heterostructured devices. In particular, in the FeS 2 case it is suggested that fine-tuning of the sputtering conditions provides a potential means to manipulate doping levels and conduction mechanisms, critical issues in solar cell applications. Parenthetically, we note that conditions for synthesis of phase-pure monosulfides and thiospinels are also identified.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy(all) | <urn:uuid:1aa2b564-9c79-47f9-baba-65467873f8cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nyuscholars.nyu.edu/en/publications/reactive-sputter-deposition-of-pyrite-structure-transition-metal- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.863348 | 402 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Changing the Game: A critical analysis of large-scale corruption in Mega-Sport Event infrastructure projects is the second in a series of three EAP Insights briefings focusing on issues surrounding Mega-Sport Events (MSEs). The paper highlights the ramifications of corruption in MSE infrastructure, a reoccurring issue in MSE history resulting in poor quality and inflated constructions. Issues are assessed across major events, finding concerns in project planning and ineffective channels to report wrongdoing. Its recommendations are focused on using transparency and collaboration and are based on what has worked elsewhere.
These recommendations include:
Implementation of the expert-developed Open Contracting for Infrastructure Data Standard (OC4IDS), which could massively heighten data transparency. Intended for incorporation into online platforms, the OC4IDS can be integrated with existing government systems and allow data to be compared from across contractors, helping to encourage honest bidding.
To address poor project planning, host governments could partner with a project preparation facility in their bid for the events to create a robust planning process with an accurate budget and to ensure their preparedness from the outset.
A scoring system between contractors and clients and adequate whistle-blower mechanisms. Including these and other measures as an obligation in the infrastructure project bidding stage would ensure they materialise and are used. | <urn:uuid:0554e967-f750-4a79-a0f4-bd8302443dc4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://apo.org.au/node/310718?utm_source=APO-view&utm_medium=solr-mlt&utm_campaign=resource-mlt | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.94285 | 263 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Midwives are the primary source of care and support for mothers and newborns at the most vulnerable time in their lives.The Ethiopian National Reproductive Health Strategy targeted reduction of Maternal Mortality rate to 267/100,000 live births in the years 2006–2015. Midwives play a crucial role in the care of pregnant women, from the first antenatal visit right through to the delivery and the postpartum period.
Institution based cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2015 to April 2015 in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia to assess job satisfaction and its determinants among midwives working at government health facilities. A total of 234 midwives were involved from 84 health centers and 8 governmental hospitals proportional to the size of health centers and hospitals using simple random sampling method. A total of 175 and 59 midwives were taken from health centers and government hospitals respectively. Different variables like Socio demographic, Job related domain and Organizational domain were collected using pre structured questionnaire after getting written consent. Data entry and analysis were done using SPSS 21.00. Binary logistic regression was used to determine factors affecting job satisfaction. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
From 234 eligible respondents 221 midwives participated in this study which makes a response rate of 94.44%. The overall mean job satisfaction was 52.9%. Independent predictors of job satisfaction includes Sex [AOR = 4.07 (95%CI: 1.36–12.37)], working unit [AOR = 0.04 (95%CI:(0.001–0.45)], Educational status [AOR = 5.74(95%CI: 1.48–40.47)], Marital status [AOR = 3.48 [1.01–11.97)], supervision [AOR = 4.33 (95%CI: 1.53–20.22)], standard of care[AOR 4.80, (3.38–50.10)] and work load [AOR 8.94, (95%CI 2.37–22.65)]. Midwives were least satisfied from salary, extrinsic reward and professional opportunity subscales while they were most satisfied from coworker relation and the standard of care they provided to clients.
Citation: Bekru ET, Cherie A, Anjulo AA (2017) Job satisfaction and determinant factors among midwives working at health facilities in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia. PLoS ONE 12(2): e0172397. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172397
Editor: Angel M. Foster, University of Ottawa, CANADA
Received: May 28, 2016; Accepted: February 3, 2017; Published: February 17, 2017
Copyright: © 2017 Bekru et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Data Availability: All data are contained with in the paper and Supporting Information.
Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Health services organizations require highly qualified health professional to improve service provision of health care facilities in order to promote community health and to prevent diseases transmission [1, 2]. Midwives have been playing a pivotal role in the reduction of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality [3–5]. They are key actors in the achievement of Millennium Development Goal (MDG4) and MDG5 [6–7]. However, attainment of these goals in the least developed countries is still low(8). According to Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) 2011 report; Ethiopia Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) continues in the high range of 676/100,000 live births .
Midwives are the primary source of care and support for mothers and newborns at the most vulnerable time in their lives. Almost every mother's birth experience and all forms of care in between are attended by midwives. Midwives can provide 87% of all basic sexual and reproductive as well as maternal and newborn health services . They play vital role in the reduction of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality [4, 9]. Previous studies have shown that midwifery service could avert about two thirds of all maternal and newborn deaths. Achieving better maternal health requires quality reproductive health services and a series of well-timed interventions to ensure women’s safe passage to motherhood [3, 5].
Efficiency and productivity of human resources depends upon many factors, and job satisfaction is one of the most important factors . The term job satisfaction refers to the attitude and feelings people have about their work .Job satisfaction of midwives has been a primary concern to health service organizations in both developed and developing countries. Job satisfaction is a pleasurable or positive emotional state from the appraisal of one's job or experiences. It is central to quality of maternal health care . Low job satisfaction may result in increased turnover, tardiness, absenteeism, complaints and making the health care delivery system weak and extravagant. It may lead also to undesirable job performance and poor quality of service to clients [12–14].
Job Satisfaction can be affected by both external and internal factors. Job satisfaction among health professionals is derived from many interrelated factors and results in unintended output in health care service [15–16]. Every factor has its own importance and which cannot be neglected. It is known that reduction of maternal mortality was not achieved as planned in MDG. Level of motivation and level of satisfaction of job in health personnel could contribute for decreased achievement in stated MDG goal [8, 13–14]. More over Job satisfaction predicts job performance, staff morale, organizational citizenship, and quality of care, safety of patients and stability and effectiveness of an organization. Low job satisfaction leads to absenteeism, labor turnover and negative publicity of the organization. Unsatisfied workers are liabilities to any organization [13, 15]. It can affect the quality of service provision and number of clients who visits health facilities.
Job satisfaction of nurse measured by McClosky’s job satisfaction scale and satisfaction assumed if the score is greater than the mean of computed sub scale [3, 8, 14]. Other than demographic characteristics among nurses, satisfaction subscale and each containing different subscale to be rated by using likert score method are common variables in the study. The sub scales includes variables that may contribute for job satisfaction level of midwifes like extrinsic reward, prize and recognition, control and responsibility, coworker relation, interaction opportunity, scheduling and professional opportunity [12, 14, 17].
Shortage of midwives and high turnover resulting from low job satisfaction are the major impediments to achieve these goals [18–19]. Information from the Ethiopian Midwifery Data Base showed that Ethiopia has an estimated 4,725 midwives for a population of 85 million giving a ratio of 1: 17,989 which is inconsistent with WHO recommended midwife population ratio; which is 1:5000.
In recent years, a major target of the health care delivery system has been the provision of quality care to patients. A fundamental challenge, however in Ethiopia, still remains how to achieve improved patient outcome especially on maternal health care. As key members of the health care team, midwifes' job satisfaction plays an important role in the delivery of high-quality maternal health care along with other health professionals . Factors like Level of motivation and satisfaction of job in health personnel were taken as challenge to achieve MDG goal [8, 13–14].
Factor affecting job satisfactions among health professional were varies from time to time and place to place . Therefore, this study intended to assess level of job satisfaction and factors associated with level of job satisfaction among midwives working in hospitals and health centers under Addis Ababa city administration health bureau in Addis Ababa. Understanding level of job satisfaction and factors responsible for job satisfaction of midwives has supreme importance in the delivery of effective, efficient and sustainable services and reduction of maternal and neonatal morbidities and mortality [6, 8, 22–23].
Study area and period
Institution-based Cross-sectional study was carried out from March 10 to April 10, 2015 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Addis Ababa is one of the regions and the federal capital of Ethiopia which lies at an altitude of 7,546 feet (2,300 meters). It covers a total area of 54,000 hectares. A total of 3,207,697 populations live in ten sub-cities distributed in 116 Weredas. Addis Ababa city administration health bureau consists of 116 health offices distributed in each Weredas and eight hospitals. Based on Ethiopia Service Provision Assessment and Census 2014; there are 84 health centers and a total of 6441 health professionals and technical staff distributed in each sub cities, contained in Arada sub city and Nifas silk sub city 8 health centers each, Addis ketema, Bole and KolfeKeranio sub cities 9 health centers each, Yeka sub city 11 health centers, Akake and kirkos sub city 7 health centers each, Lideta sub city 6 health centersandGulele sub city 10 health centers were providing health care for the public. Moreover there were eight government hospitals; Ras-Desta Hospital, Gandi Hospital, Minilk II Hospital, DagmawiMinilk Hospital, Zewditu Hospital, Yekatit Hospital, Hopco and Tirunshe Beijing Hospital with a total of 2686 supportive and professional staffs. The total population of midwives in hospitals and health centers under Addis Ababa city administration health bureau was 428
The sample size was calculated using a single population proportion to achieve a 95% confidence interval.We assumed 50% of the proportion of midwives job satisfaction, since no similar study was conducted in the past among midwives in Ethiopia with a 5% of margin of error and a 10% o non-response rate. However a total population of midwives in hospitals and health centers under Addis Ababa city administration health bureau was less than 10,000. Thus a total of 234 midwives were involved using correction formula from 84 health centers and 8 governmental hospitals using simple random sampling method; proportional to the size of health centers and hospitals. Based on proportional allocation a total of 175 midwives from health centers and 59 from government hospitals were distributed.
Study subject eligible for this study were Midwives working in government hospitals and health centers in Addis Ababa city for at least six month during the study period, who have academic rank diploma and above.
Data collection instrument and procedure
Data were collected by highly qualified professionals using a semi structured self-administered questionnaires. Questionnaires were given to midwives working in health centers and government hospitals proportional to number of midwives present in the health facilities; 175 midwives from health centers and 59 from government hospitals participated in this study. The data collection instrument was adopted from a previous study . Questionnaires were prepared and administered in English (S1 File). The questionnaire consisted of two parts. The first part which contains eight questions were used to assess the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents and the second part includes 55-item of job satisfaction subscale(31 McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale item)for measuring job satisfaction, and job and organizational dimension(25 items) of job satisfactions determinants. The assessment tools were scored by 5-point Likert scale (S1 File).
Socio-demographic, job satisfaction and organizational dimension data entry and analysis were done using Epi data 3.1 and SPSS 21.00 version statistical software respectively. Each item of the overall job satisfaction were measured by a 5 point likert scale having a total of 31 items and their sum score ranging from a minimum of 31 to maximum of 155. Predictor items were also summated accordingly to determine agreement status of respondent by using computed mean for each sub scale and the higher means score indicating higher satisfaction from the subscale among the domains. Multivariable regression was used to adjust or control the possible confounding factors and to identify factors of job satisfaction. The cut point for Statistical significance was P < 0.05.
The study was approved by Ethics and Review Committee of Department of Nursing and Midwifery research ethics review board, College of Health sciences, Addis Ababa University. Letter of support was obtained from Addis Ababa city administration health bureau. Written consent was obtained from study participants in order to collect data.
Socio demographic characteristics
Utilization of professionals’ data collectors with an academic degree of B.Sc maximized the response rate. From 234 eligible participants 221 provided the required data and giving the response rate 94.44%. From all study subjects 153(69.2%) were females and 68(30.8%) were males. Most of the respondents 148(66.9%) were single. Majority of the study subjects were younger age group, 185(207 (83.7%) were below 29 years of age with mean age 25.88 (±4.62) years. Of all 156 (70.6%) respondents had Diploma and 65(29.4%) bachelor’s degree (BSc)(Table 1).
Nearly half, 121(54.8%) of midwives were working in the delivery unit, 121(24%) in the ante natal clinic, 121(13.1%) in the post natal and 52(7.0) % in the family planning clinic(Fig 1).
Level of job satisfaction.
Component of job satisfaction were assessed by 31 scales. Each item was classified as satisfied and unsatisfied by using component mean as cut of point. The items on the scale with which respondents were satisfied were significance of the job 179(81.0%), colleague relationship 164(74.2%), availability of maternity leave/other holiday leave 154(69.7%), opportunities to interact with other disciplines 153(69.2%), opportunities to participate in morning rounds 143(64.7%), recognition from head 139(62.9%), and opportunities for social contact 139(62.9%).
The items on the scale with which respondents were least satisfied were salary 154(69.7%). Staff rotation 122(55.2%), opportunities for part time work 121(54.8%), flexibility in scheduling 110(49.8%), compensation for working weekends & holidays, 119(53.8%) opportunities for on job training/short term training 119(53.8%) and opportunities for further education 111(50.2%) (Table 2) and (Fig 2).
The mean scores of the eight subscales of job satisfaction were calculated and those responded below the mean of the subscale were considered as unsatisfied and those who are equal and above the mean were classified as satisfied. On the basis of these, four satisfaction and four dissatisfaction factors were identified. Among the satisfying factors Family/workplace balance 128(57,9%) min 2 max 10 mean 5.79±1.98, Coworker relation 131(59.3%) mean 6.84±, Interaction opportunities 117(52.9%) mean 4.24± 4.24 min 4 max 20 and control and responsibility 117(52.9%) Mean 19.67± 5.92 min 6 max 30.
Four of the dissatisfaction reported factors were professional opportunity 118(53.4%, extrinsic reward 117 (52.9%), scheduling 116(52.5%) and praise and recognition 113(51.1%)(Table 3).
The overall job satisfaction was computed by using the mean score values of 31 job satisfaction facet scales. The highest potential score was 155, and the minimum potential score was 31 and he mean value of 92.64 ±22.53. On the basis of this only 52.9% of respondents reported satisfaction about their job(Fig 3).
Levels of job satisfaction was determined by using data driven classification based on tertile classification rank order of overall job satisfaction score. The lower tertile rank corresponds to the low level of job satisfaction, the middle tertile corresponds to moderate and the upper tertile indicate the high level job satisfaction. Almost above one third (38.46%, n = 85) of the study participating midwives had low level of job satisfaction(Fig 4).
Determinate of job satisfaction
Factors affecting job satisfaction which includes organizational and work domain were assessed by using 25 scales. Among respondents 175 (79.2%) agreed that the general standard of care given in the unit they work is good. In addition only 89 (40.3%) and78 (35.3%) of the respondents stated that they are satisfied by the work load and amount of responsibility respectively; which are all components of job related domain. From organizational domain items, among all respondents 172 (77.8%) agreed on receiving updates on equipment, forms, & protocols and only 103 (46.6%) agreed the fairness of payment for overtime and demanding hours. Nearly half of respondents (50.9%) have a pleasant attitude towards hospital/health center leadership(Table 4).
Job and organization domain sub scales were also determined by using the subscale mean score after the scales under the sub scale were summated. Job related domain consist of five subscale which includes, working conditions, achievements, work itself, work load and standard of care and organizational domain consisted of three subscales including pay, Supervision and accessible administration policies(Table 5).
Correlation analysis of job satisfaction, organization domains and job related domains were checked by Pearson Correlation. The relation between job satisfaction and standard of work was found to be significant with moderate strength. The other variables show weak correlation with job satisfaction(Table 6).
Bi-variable and multi variable logistic regression analysis was conducted to find the significant association of the dependent variable overall job satisfaction with the independent variable (sex, marital status, educational qualification, work experience and position/title of the midwives) and organizational and job related subscale. Correlation analysis preceded the logistic regression analysis to check for the existence of multi-collinearity. But none of the variables exceeded 0.70.
Multivariate logistic regression was done for variables that had statistically significant association with job satisfaction in crude analysis. The cut point for Statistical significance was P < 0.10 in Crude analysis. Females were about four times more likely to be satisfied than males [AOR = 4.70 (95%CI: 1.36–12.37)], educational status [AOR = 5.74(95%CI: 1.48–40.47)], and marital status [AOR = 3.48 [1.01–11.97)]. Significant association was also observed for working units. Those working in delivery unit were less likely to be satisfied than those working in other units[AOR = 0.04 (95%CI:(0.001–0.45)]. Those respondents who agreed by the fairness of supervision [AOR = 4.33 (95%CI: 1.53–20.22)] were around four times more likely to be satisfied in their job than the others. In addition perception of good standard of care [AOR 4.80, (3.38–50.10)] and fairness of work load [AOR 8.94,(95%CI 2.37–22.65)] were significantly associated with job satisfaction.
Other variables including, work experience, achievement, working condition, nature of work, accessible organizational policy and fairness of salary had shown no significant association with midwives job satisfaction(Table 7).
In most countries, midwifery is an additional qualification to the nursing qualification. So that many nurses are also midwives. Descriptions of the roles of nurses in Africa have usually been based on the opinions of expert groups such current roles of nurse/midwives in Sub-Saharan Africa health services, and the role expectations of stakeholders for nurses in Sub-Saharan Africa; the health, illness and care needs of the Sub-Saharan Africa population in the light of the type of health workers and their availability (skills mix) in the health team, with special reference to nurses.
In this study half of the participated midwives in this study were satisfied with their job. The overall job satisfaction in this study was 52.9%. This is almost comparable with previous studies in Ethiopia [19, 25] and a study in Islamabad . Nonetheless, the job dissatisfactions by nearly half of the respondents are a reason for concern. Midwives play vital role in the provision of health services to mothers and newborns at the most critical period in their lives. In addition, institutional mother and new born care is one of the strategies to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality and to achieve MDG. Thus, Job dissatisfaction among midwives has effect on the efficiency and effectiveness of the service and may retract the achievement of reduction of maternal and neonatal mortality.
This study pinpointed that more than half of midwives in this study were dissatisfied by extrinsic reward, scheduling, absence of praise and recognition and professional opportunity. Provision of opportunities for further education and training both short term and long term is imperative for amplified motivation and maximized satisfaction and improving the knowledge and skill of midwives. In addition, recognition of the work done, acknowledgments of outstanding efforts and good performances and proper balance and fairness in scheduling can heighten the morale of midwives and intensify the quality of service [27–29].
High job satisfaction was observed from good interpersonal relationships with co-workers which is similar to Lebanon and Malaysian studies [28,30]. This should be encouraged since good interpersonal relationship and teamwork has impact in the service rendered. From job and organization domains the list satisfied sub scale in this study was pay which was in line with a study done in Jimma specialized hospital south west Ethiopia among health professionals, nurses in sidama zone south Ethiopia and descriptive study design to assess job satisfaction of registered nurses in South Africa[13,19,31]. But a survey of registered nurse in USA, and descriptive study carried out on job satisfaction among nurses in India, showed slight satisfaction for payment [32–33]. This might be due to insufficient salary compared to the task and responsibility given for midwives.
From multi variable analysis it was observed that Female respondents were about three times more likely to be satisfied than male respondents. This was congruent with a study conducted in USA and in line with a cross sectional study in Jimma which showed more dissatisfaction among males but different from a study made on male nurse working in Nigeria where high satisfaction was observed among males. This discrepancy might be from perception about the nature of the work especially in working in labor ward and the societal believes that midwifery is mostly female’s profession. There are also literatures describing old English literal interpretation of midwifes as “with women” which may have negative feeling among male professionals. It is also part of most history that Traditional birth attendant are female mother. Married midwifes were more satisfied than those who are not. The same result was observed among those nurses in Sidam zone. These might be due to stability in life and emotional situation and encouragement from marriage partners. The same was also observed with Nigerian nurses .
Midwives with BSc were more likely to be satisfied by their job than those who are diploma holders. This contradicts with a study in USA and Kuwait which showed nurses with higher level of education were dissatisfied by their job. But a study in England found that nurses without updates and education are less knowledgeable and less motivated . The difference might be due to limited numbers of midwives are available in Ethiopia which makes increased opportunity for part time work and create good carrier opportunity.
Midwives working in delivery unit were 40% less likely to be satisfied than those working in other units. This might be due to the invasiveness of the procedure in delivery room which increases the risk of contamination, stress and tiredness. More over providing care for laboring mother requires conscious, alert state of mind and extended hour of care which might predispose to excessive tiredness. This is also supported by a study done in Senegal which indicated that midwives were dissatisfied with their working conditions, remuneration, and extremely high levels of tiredness .
Those who agreed with fairness of supervision were about four times more likely to be satisfied than their counterparts. This result is inconsistent with a study done in Pakistan among public health workers which showed dissatisfaction with supervision . The result in this study might be due to supportive supervision which makes workers and supervisors to work together. Supportive supervision makes workers to like their working environment and, improve their efficiency, which in turn will increase job satisfaction. This is similar with a study done in Canada .
In this study respondent midwives who reported fair work load were 8 times more likely to be satisfied than those who were overloaded. Increased work load limits achievement, communication time with patients and quality of care to be provided.
Participants who perceived high level of patient care were 6 times more likely to be satisfied with their job than those who reported poor standard of care. This is different from Pakistanis public health worker who showed no significant association between job satisfaction and standard of service they were providing to the client . The possible explanation could be helping a person in pain may give satisfaction which was evidenced by a study in Jimma specialized hospital health workers which showed that helping the patient was the main reason for their job satisfaction.
Conclusion and recommendation
This study revealed that only half of midwives were satisfied with their job. More over the satisfaction have shown significant association with those factors including sex, education status, marital status, working unit, coworker interaction, supervision, standard of care and work load. More than half of respondents were dissatisfied by extrinsic reward, scheduling, absence of praise and recognition, professional opportunity and salary.
We would like to pass our gratitude and appreciations to all study subjects. We also extend our thanks to Addis Ababa University and Addis Ababa city administration health bureau.
- Conceptualization: ET AC AA.
- Data curation: ET AC AA.
- Formal analysis: ET AC AA.
- Investigation: ET AC AA.
- Methodology: ET AC AA.
- Project administration: ET AC.
- Resources: ET AC AA.
- Software: ET AC AA.
- Supervision: ET AC.
- Validation: ET AC.
- Visualization: ET AC AA.
- Writing – original draft: ET AC AA.
- Writing – review & editing: ET AC AA.
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GRIFFIN B. BELL, Circuit Judge, and MORGAN, District Judge:
Mr. Bond, one of the plaintiffs in this matter and a Negro, was refused his seat as a member of the House of Representatives of the General Assembly of Georgia. He was a Representative-elect, having been duly elected by the voters of House District No. 136 for the session of the General Assembly commencing January 10, 1966. This was a special election for a one year term made necessary by the reapportionment decision of this court. Toombs v. Fortson, N.D., Ga., 1965, 241 F.Supp. 65.
On the first day of the session, at which time Mr. Bond and other members of the House were to take the oath of office, Mr. Bond was asked to step aside because of challenges to his qualifications having been filed by seventy-five of the two-hundred-five members of the House. After the other members were sworn, including seven Negro representatives, petitions protesting the seating of Representative-Elect Bond were referred by the Speaker of the House to a special committee designated to hear the contest. This committee, after a hearing, recommended that he not be seated. This recommendation was accepted by the House and he was denied his seat by a vote of one hundred eighty-four to twelve.
Dr. King and Mrs. Keyes, the other plaintiffs, seek along with Mr. Bond to represent the citizens and voters of House District No. 136 as a class, and it is affirmatively alleged that they are Negro citizens of House District No. 136 and that they are registered voters. They allege that there are common questions of law and fact affecting the civil rights of Negroes to vote and to have members of their race represent them in the House of Representatives of the State of Georgia. It is undisputed that Dr. King and Mrs. Keyes are residents of the district, but it is also undisputed that Dr. King is not registered to vote in the district but in the House District No. 132.
The defendants are the Speaker of the House, the Speaker Pro-Tem, several members of the House representing the membership, certain officers of the House, and the Secretary of State of the State of Georgia. Jurisdiction for declaratory and injunctive relief is asserted under 28 U.S.C.A. §§ 1331, 1343(3), 1343(4), and 2201; and 42 U.S.C.A. §§ 1971(d), 1983, and 1988. Three-Judge District Court jurisdiction was premised on 28 U.S.C.A. § 2281 by a claim that the provision of the Georgia Constitution which permits the members of the House to judge the qualifications of its members, and House Rule 61 which embodies the same provision are unconstitutionally vague, or were unconstitutionally administered with respect to Mr. Bond.
The additional causes of action set forth in the complaint were refined by briefs into claims that Mr. Bond was barred from membership because he was a Negro; that the action of the House denied him his First Amendment right to free speech; that he was denied procedural due process as guaranteed by the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment; that he was denied substantive due process in that there was no rational basis for the action of the House; that the House resolution barring Mr. Bond constituted an ex post facto law and a bill of attainder; and that the House action deprived the residents of the House District No. 136 of a republican form of government, equal protection of the law under the Fourteenth Amendment, and the right as Negroes under the Fifteenth Amendment to vote. The prayer is that defendants be enjoined from excluding Mr. Bond from membership in the House.
The defendants, by motion, have denied the jurisdiction of the court. Additionally, in the alternative, they have
The facts which gave rise to the challenge to Mr. Bond stem from a statement issued on January 6, 1966 by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, an organization active in the civil rights field. Mr. Bond is and was Communications Director of this organization. After the statement was issued, Mr. Bond, upon inquiry, advised the news media that he supported the statement in its entirety. He added that he admired the courage of persons who burned their draft cards; that he was a pacifist who was eager and anxious to encourage people not to participate in the war in Viet Nam for any reason that they might choose; and said that as a second class citizen he did not feel that he should be required to support the war in Viet Nam.
The SNCC statement follows in full:
On the same day a newspaper reporter asked Mr. Bond for his views on the subject of the burning of draft cards. He stated that he would not burn his own but admired the courage of those who did.
During a taped interview with a representative of the media, Mr. Bond, after endorsing the SNCC statement was asked why he endorsed it, and his answer was as follows:
When asked if he thought his views were at variance with the duties that might be required of him as a Representative in the House of Representatives of the State of Georgia, Mr. Bond replied:
These facts were introduced before the House committee hearing the challenge. Mr. Bond was represented by counsel at the hearing and testified. He reaffirmed his adherence to all of these statements at the hearing and stated that they were still his views. There was no evidence then nor at the hearing before this court that Mr. Bond had receded in any way from his views. However, by way of explanation, he did state to the House committee that he had never suggested or advocated that anyone burn his draft card. He stated his willingness and desire to take the prescribed oath to support the Constitution of the United States and the State of Georgia.
The petitions challenging Mr. Bond which were before the special committee of the House contain several grounds, including the contention that Mr. Bond's actions and statements gave aid and comfort to the enemies of the United States, and also violated the Selective Service laws, 50 App., U.S.C.A. § 462(a) and (b),
The challenge was also on the basis that the statements and views of Mr. Bond disqualified him to take the oath to support the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of Georgia as is required of a member of the House of Representatives. The theory was that Mr. Bond's statements were so repugnant to and inconsistent with his oath as to make it apparent that he could not honestly take the oath. This theory presents the central issue in the case.
Defendants moved to dismiss the complaint on the ground that the court lacks jurisdiction over the subject matter. Their view is that the determination of the qualifications of a member of the State House of Representatives is a matter which state law vests in the sole and exclusive jurisdiction of the House of Representatives, and that the federal questions asserted are insubstantial. They urge that the absence of any substantial question concerning deprivation of federally protected rights indicates that the action of the House is not subject to federal judicial review.
The extent of review under the circumstances will be discussed hereinafter under the merits of the controversy. However, we do hold that the court has jurisdiction over the subject matter of the complaint. It could hardly be argued that the House could refuse to seat a member because of his race or for any other reason amounting to an invidious discrimination under the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Cf. Baker v. Carr, 1962, 369 U.S. 186, 82 S.Ct. 691, 7 L.Ed.2d 663. The denial of a seat to a Negro representative-elect would also violate the Fifteenth Amendment. Cf. Gomillion v. Lightfoot, 1960, 364 U.S. 339, 81 S.Ct. 125, 5 L.Ed.2d 110. We think it follows that the court has jurisdiction over a denial of First Amendment rights by the state, and that the federal rights asserted here are not so insubstantial as to warrant our refusing jurisdiction. The motion of the state to dismiss will be overruled and an order may be presented accordingly.
The defendants also have motions pending to strike the plaintiffs King and Keyes on the ground that they do not have such a direct interest in the litigation as would give them standing. They base their standing on an absence of representation in the House because Mr. Bond was deprived of his seat. The Governor has called an election for February 23, 1966 to fill the vacant seat.
It is settled that one seeking to challenge the constitutionality of the statute must show that he has sustained or is in danger of sustaining some immediate direct injury. Liverpool, N. Y. and P. Steamship Company v. Comm. of Emigration, 1885, 113 U.S. 33, 5 S.Ct. 352, 28 L.Ed. 899; Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Mellon, 1923, 262 U.S. 447, 43 S.Ct. 597, 67 L.Ed. 1078. Dr. King and Mrs. Keyes have not "* * * alleged such a personal stake in the outcome of the controversy as to assure that concrete adverseness which sharpens the presentation of issues * * *." necessary in determining constitutional questions. Baker v. Carr, supra.
In a case involving the temporary lack of representation because an United States Senator had been denied his seat pending inquiry into his election and qualifications, Barry v. United States ex rel. Cunningham, 1929, 279 U.S. 597, 49 S.Ct. 452, 73 L.Ed. 867, the court said:
We are of the opinion that plaintiffs King and Keyes do not have such a direct interest in the litigation as would give them standing to bring the complaint. This is particularly so in view of the fact that the complaint of Mr. Bond alone will resolve every conceivable issue. Moreover, Dr. King is not a registered voter in the House District in question. The motion of the state to dismiss as to these two plaintiffs will be granted and an order may be presented accordingly.
The contention that Mr. Bond was denied his seat because of his race was resolved adversely to him from the bench during the hearing of this matter. To support this contention it was urged that Mr. Bond was a Negro; that SNCC was a militant civil rights organization; and that the question of race was inextricably related to each and every statement forming the basis of the challenge. This logic would create license in the name of race. Furthermore, seven Negroes, as stated, were seated on the same day as representatives. Two served on the special challenge committee at the request of Mr. Bond; two Negro senators appeared before the committee as character witnesses for him; and two of the Negro representatives spoke on the floor of the House for him before the final vote. The charge of racial discrimination and thus of denial of equal protection of the law is without foundation in fact.
This ruling also disposes of any claim that Mr. Bond or the citizens and voters of House District No. 136 have been deprived of any right as Negroes under the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment or under the Fifteenth Amendment. For the reasons stated on the standing question we reject also the contention that the action of the House denied them a republican form of government. This is not even a justiciable issue. Baker v. Carr, supra.
The substantial issue in the case rests on the guaranty of freedom of speech or to dissent under the First Amendment as that amendment has long been applicable to the states under the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Gitlow v. People of State of New York, 1925, 268 U.S. 652, 45 S.Ct. 625, 69 L.Ed. 1138; De Jonge v. State of Oregon, 1937, 299 U.S. 353, 57 S.Ct. 255, 81 L.Ed. 278. But the inquiry does not end simply on the question of deprivation of First Amendment rights per se. Rather the inquiry must be in the context of two fundamental principles of government: separation of powers and state government under our system of federalism. The right of free speech would not long exist absent a government founded on these principles.
James Madison writing in Federalist No. 47 said with respect to the separation of powers doctrine:
And from the begining states have claimed and enjoyed the protection of the separation of powers principle as between their respective branches of government. This, to date, has been a part of our federalism.
Georgia adopted the separation of powers principle in its first Constitution. Art. I, Const. of 1777. McElreath, Constitution of Ga., § 239, p. 229. The Constitution of 1789, Art. I, § XIII, McElreath, supra, § 314, p. 243, provided that each House of the state legislature would be the judge of the elections, returns and qualifications of its own members and have the power to expel or punish for disorderly behavior. Similar provisions have been included in every other Georgia Constitution. Ga.Const. of 1798, Art. I, § XIII, McElreath, § 364, p.
This language is to be compared with Art. I, § 5, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution of the United States:
The Georgia courts have consistently refused to take jurisdiction over controversies having to do with the qualifications of legislators. The Senate or House, as happened to be the case, was deemed to have exclusive jurisdiction under the Georgia Constitution. Rainey v. Taylor, 1928, 166 Ga. 476, 143 S.E. 383; Fowler v. Bostick, 1959, 99 Ga.App. 428, 108 S.E.2d 720; and Beatty v. Myrick, 1963, 218 Ga. 629, 129 S.E.2d 764. This is the general law in this country. Indeed we believe that there is no case to the contrary, federal or state.
Plaintiff recognizes the separation of powers principle as such on both the federal and state levels. He argues however that it exists on the state level only insofar as it does not conflict with the Federal Constitution and must therefore give way to First Amendment rights in view of the vertical application of those rights to the states through the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This is a correct statement of the law subject to whatever rights were left by the Fourteenth Amendment to the state legislative branches for control of their internal affairs under our system of federalism. We thus must measure Mr. Bond's freedom to speak in this frame of reference.
Before attempting to resolve this new and substantial constitutional question we must concern ourselves with the threshhold question, not asserted by plaintiffs, of whether the legislature had the power under the state Constitution or laws to bar Mr. Bond. Our distinguished and able Chief Judge is of the firm view that no such power existed. He seems to find the power of expulsion, but limits the power of judging qualifications to those expressed in the Georgia Constitution. We believe this to be a restrictive view, unfounded in recognized authority and not in keeping with our history or the principle of separation of powers.
Judge Story gave the reasons for vesting exclusive jurisdiction in the legislative branch in such cases (Story, Comm. on the Const., Vol. II, § 831, p. 294):
The Supreme Court in Re Chapman, 1897, 166 U.S. 661, 17 S.Ct. 677, 41 L.Ed. 1154, a case involving a senate investigation of the conduct of some of its members, said:
We believe a state legislative body necessarily possesses this same inherent power of self-protection if the separation of powers doctrine is to have any real meaning on the state level. And self-protection goes to the process of qualifications as well as expulsion.
In Hiss v. Bartett, 1855, 3 Gray 468, 63 Am.Dec. 768, the question concerned the legislative power to expel a member. The Massachusetts Constitution contained no such power but did contain the power to judge returns, elections and qualifications. The court said:
Art. I, § 5, of the United States Constitution, as noted, provides that each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns and qualifications of its own members. Art. I, § 3 provides that no person shall be a representative unless he meets certain age, citizenship and residential requirements. In the Constitutional Convention there was an attempt to set up affirmative qualifications. During the debate on that draft which was later rejected, Mr. Dickinson of Delaware, opposed the formulation because it would be held to be exclusive. He stated that he was "against any recitals of qualifications in the Constitution. It was impossible to make a complete one, and a partial one would, by implication, tie up the hands of the Legislature from supplying omissions." Mr. Wilson of Pennsylvania took the same view, saying: "Besides a partial enumeration of cases will disable the Legislature from disqualifying odius and dangerous characters." (Proceedings in Congressional Record, 80th Congress, First Session, January 3, 1947, Vol. 93, p. 12, Senate debate on whether Senator Bilbo of Mississippi was disqualified.)
By way of a historical precedent, Mr. Bilbo was denied his seat in the United States Senate because, among other reasons, his views regarding the right of Negroes to vote were repugnant to the oath he would be required to take. The Senate did not believe that it was limited to the qualifications expressed in the Constitution.
See Willoughby, The Constitutional Law of the United States, 2nd ed., Vol. I, p. 610, where after discussing in § 340 the subject of qualifications for membership being determined by Congress, the author states:
In the case of Senator Reed Smoot of Utah who had been seated but whose
This situation is analogous to the Georgia Constitution. There is nothing in it which limits qualifications of a legislator to those expressed therein. In point of fact there is at least one disqualification in the Georgia law which is not contained in the Constitution. Ga. Code, § 89-101, subd. 5, provides:
The qualifications and disqualifications of legislators in the Georgia Constitution are not all inclusive. In sum, we find nothing that would compel the House to seat a member if a reasonable basis, within the context of due process of law as we shall next discuss exists for the denial.
Having assumed jurisdiction, we come then to the main question of whether Mr. Bond was improperly denied his seat, but this question is prefaced by the test to be applied. With respect to the test, we hold that the free speech issue should be resolved in the context of giving effect to the separation of powers principle, and also our system of federalism to the extent that it permits self-government to the states under the supremacy of the Federal Constitution.
There is some authority for such an approach. On the federal level we have some guidance in the case of Barry v. United States ex rel. Cunningham, 1929, 279 U.S. 597, 49 S.Ct. 452, 73 L.Ed. 867. That case arose out of the refusal to seat Senator Vare because of alleged corruption in his election. The issue was over whether the District Court could grant relief to a witness who had been arrested by the Senate because he refused to testify at the subsequent inquiry. The Supreme Court pointed out that the Senate was acting within its constitutional powers which were judicial in character and refused relief. It was said:
On the state level, with respect to state elections and thus giving effect to federalism but in no way involving the separation of powers principle, we begin with Wilson v. State of North Carolina,
Snowden v. Hughes, as well as Baker v. Carr, supra, at least teach that there must be a showing of invidious, purposeful discrimination to give rise to relief under the equal protection clause. Here we have the due process clause and First Amendment rights. We think these cases show that some restraint is to be practiced by the courts in considering state political questions concerning particular offices as distinguished from whole systems such as are prevalent in malapportionment, or racial discrimination. If this premise be correct, then there is room for a balance between the separation of powers principle, a system of federalism and individual rights afforded under the federal Constitution.
Being of this view, we conclude that a reasonable test under circumstances such as are presented in this case would be to assume jurisdiction for the purpose of determining whether Mr. Bond was denied due process of law, either procedural or substantive. Notice, an opportunity to be heard, to be represented by counsel, to testify and to offer evidence and to cross-examine adverse witnesses are envisioned in procedural due process. The transcript of the hearing which was held on the challenge to Mr. Bond demonstrates no absence of due process. It is true that there was no subpoena power but no request for an absent witness was made. We reject the contention that procedural or substantive due process was violated by allowing the challengers to vote. A holding to the contrary would do violence to the power to judge qualifications.
Does the action rest on any evidence which would support the denial? Thompson v. City of Louisville, 1960, 362 U.S. 199, 80 S.Ct. 624, 4 L.Ed.2d 654, 80 A.L.R.2d 1355; Garner v. State of Louisiana, 1961, 368 U.S. 157, 82 S.Ct. 248, 7 L.Ed.2d 207.
Mr. Bond's right to speak and to dissent as a private citizen is subject to the limitation that he sought to assume membership in the House. As such he was required to take an oath to support the Constitution of the United States. This is a legitimate requirement. Indeed, the Federal Constitution requires it. Art. VI, § 3. One of the charges against him was that his statements were inconsistent with and repugnant to that oath. Was there any basis for this charge?
The SNCC statement is at war with the national policy of this country: To make certain that every citizen stands equal before the law; to make certain that every citizen has a fair chance to benefit in the freedom and opportunities and bounties of this country; to export these same principles of democracy to the balance of the world wherever and whenever possible, even to the extent of lending military assistance where self-determination is denied in order that those denied may choose freedom if they so desire. A citizen would not violate his oath by objecting to or criticizing this policy or even by calling it deceptive and false as the statement did.
But the statement does not stop with this. It is a call to action based on race; a call alien to the concept of the pluralistic society which makes this nation. It aligns the organization with "* * * colored people in such other countries as the Dominican Republic, the Congo, South Africa, Rhodesia * * *" It refers to its involvement in the black people's struggle for liberation and self-determination * * *". It states that "Vietnamese are murdered because the United States is pursuing an aggressive policy in violation of international law." It alleges that Negroes, referring to American servicemen, are called on to stifle the liberation of Viet Nam.
The call to action, and this is what we find to be a rational basis for the decision which denied Mr. Bond his seat, is that language which states that SNCC supports those men in this country who are unwilling to respond to a military draft. The fact that the last paragraph calls on them to devote their energies to the alternative of working in the civil rights movement in no way avoids the fact that the organization offers support to men who are unwilling to respond to a military draft. Cf. Gara v. United States, 6 Cir., 1949, 178 F.2d 38.
Mr. Bond was careful to affirm this statement. He went further, and he was more than a private citizen; he was an officer and employee of SNCC and was about to become a member of the House of Representatives of Georgia. He stated that he admired the courage of anyone who burned his draft card. He stated that as a pacifist he was eager and anxious to encourage people not to participate in the war in Viet Nam or in any other war for any reason that they choose, and lastly, he stated that, as a second class citizen, he did not think that he had the requirement to support the war in Viet Nam.
The Congress has the obligation under the Federal Constitution for providing for the common defense of this nation. The Selective Service System is a part of that defense. We are committed in Viet Nam. The Congress approved this course in Public Law 88-408, August 10, 1964, 78 Stat. 384, wherein the president was empowered to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression from the campaign being waged by the "* * * Communist regime in North Vietnam." This resolution states that the United States "* *
Whether Mr. Bond should have been seated was a question which presented itself to the House of Representatives of Georgia under our system. Whether the wisest course was followed is not for us to say. The judgment of the court is not to be substituted for that of the House. Our function is to determine whether he has been denied some fundamental federal right to which he was otherwise entitled. We find and hold that his statements and affirmation of the SNCC statement as they bore on the functioning of the Selective Service System could reasonably be said to be inconsistent with and repugnant to the oath which he was required to take. This suffices as a rational basis for the action of the House. The fact that the statement was otherwise freighted with racial overtones and was at variance with the established national concept of a country accommodating all nationalities and ethnic groups is a part of the basis of our holding only insofar as it relates to the call not to support the Selective Service System.
The charge that the constitutional provision of Georgia authorizing the House to judge the qualifications of its members and the House rule embodying it are unconstitutionally vague is without merit. It follows from what we have said that neither was unconstitutionally applied to Mr. Bond. It also follows from what we have said that the resolution denying Mr. Bond his seat was not an ex post facto law or a bill of attainder. To so hold in the face of a finding that there was a rational basis for the action of the House would be to destroy the constitutional power of judging qualifications.
All relief is denied and the complaint will be dismissed. Defendants may present a judgment accordingly.
TUTTLE, Circuit Judge (dissenting).
With deference I must dissent. I am convinced that Representative-elect Bond was illegally deprived of his seat in the House of Representatives of Georgia and that this court should so hold.
Julian Bond, the plaintiff in this action, was duty elected by the voters of his General Assembly District No. 136 as their representative in the House of Representatives of the Georgia General Assembly for the session commencing January 1, 1966. This is a one-year session, made necessary by this Court's previous decision requiring a reapportionment of the Georgia State Legislature.
Upon his presenting himself along with the other newly elected members of the House of Representatives, he was asked to step aside because challenges to his qualifications had been filed by some 75 members of the House. After the other members had been duly sworn in, a resolution protesting the seating of Representative-elect Bond was referred by the Speaker of the House to a special committee designated to hear the contest. The committee, after a hearing, recommended that he be not seated. This recommendation was accepted by the House, and he was denied his seat.
Since the first attack that is made is based upon the contention that the House exceeded its authority in voting to reject Bond, we turn first to a consideration of the provisions of the Georgia Constitution dealing with the qualifications and eligibility of members.
Article III, Section VII, Paragraph I, of the Georgia Constitution (§ 2-1901, Ga.Code Ann.) provides as follows:
Article II, Section II, Paragraph I, of the Constitution of the State of Georgia (§ 2-801, Ga.Code Ann.) provides as follows:
Article III, Section IV, Paragraph VI, of the Georgia Constitution (§ 2-1606, Ga.Code Ann.) provides as follows:
Article VII, Section III, Paragraph VI, of the Constitution of the State of Georgia (§ 2-5606, Ga.Code Ann.) provides as follows:
Article III, Section IV, Paragraph V, of the Georgia Constitution (§ 2-1605, Ga.Code Ann.) provides as follows:
The foregoing provisions of the Georgia Constitution are the only stated qualifications or rules of eligibility contained in the State Constitution touching on the membership in either the Senate or the House of Representatives of the Georgia General Assembly.
Julian Bond was denied the right to take his oath as an elected member of the
The said resolution expressly "adopted" the report of the special committee which was appointed for the purpose of conducting, and did actually conduct, a hearing on the matter of the challenge to the seating of Representative-Elect Bond. The report of the committee follows:
The contest which was thus submitted to the special committee, and thereafter decided by the House, resulted from charges and specifications filed by certain members of the House of Representatives in two separate petitions which, in essential part, are as follows:
At the Committee hearing, the proponents of the contest sought to substantiate their claim by having played into the record a taped newscaster's interview with Mr. Bond which, although not made by him as a public statement upon his own initiative in the normal manner of making a hortatory expression, was made, it may be assumed, with the knowledge that it would be broadcast by the newscaster. The Committee also invited from Mr. Bond his comment. He stated to the Committee that he "did support" the statement of the SNCC, quoted above, in its entirety.
In support of the charge that Bond had "said that he admires the courage of those persons who burn their draft cards", the following question was asked: "Do you admire the courage of persons who burn their draft cards?" after which, the following question and answers occurred:
In a written response to the charges and during the proceedings Representative Bond stated his willingness and desire to take the oath to support the Constitutions of the United States and the State of Georgia as prescribed by the Georgia Constitution.
It is clear that the refusal to seat this elected representative was upon the charge, adequately proven, of his stated support in an interview with a newsman and subsequently in the corridor of the House of Representatives (after the challenge had been referred to the Committee) of the SNCC statement and his views touching on the draft card matter.
The suit before us challenges the authority of the House of Representatives, under the provision making it "the Judge of the * * * qualifications of its members" to deny an elected member, the right to be seated for any lack of qualifications not specifically prescribed in the Georgia Constitution. Further, the complaint asserts that the actual ground of his rejection as a member was the disapproval by the House of his conduct, to-wit: the expression of the extremely unpopular (characterized as illegal and disloyal by the proponents of the contest) views as above set out; that a denial of his seat because of such conduct constitutes an abridgment by the State of Georgia of Bond's freedom of speech in violation of the guarantee of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guarantee is made effective as against State action by "absorption" into the guarantee of due process by the Fourteenth Amendment. See Palko v. State of Connecticut, 302 U.S. 319, 324, 326, 58 S.Ct. 149, 82 L.Ed. 288.
The complaint requires the convening of a three-judge District Court under Title 28, Section 2281, United States Code Annotated, because it charges that if Article III, Section VII, Paragraph 1 of the Georgia Constitution, supra (making each House the judge of the qualifications of its members), is construed in the manner in which it was applied in this case, then the said Section of the Georgia Constitution is invalid under the Fourteenth Amendment. Once convened properly, such a court has jurisdiction to decide every question involved in the litigation, state as well as federal. Public Service Commission of State of Missouri v. Brashear Freight Lines, 312 U.S. 621, 61 S.Ct. 784, 85 L.Ed. 1083; R.R. Comm. of State of Calif. v. Pacific Gas & Electric Company, 302 U.S. 388, 58 S.Ct. 334, 82 L.Ed. 319.
It is a basic principle of jurisprudence that if, by construction of a statute in a manner that will make it constitutional, this avoids the question whether the statute, differently construed, would be unconstitutional, a court should first construe the statute with an eye to the avoiding of the constitutional question if possible. See Rescue Army, et al. v. Municipal Court of City of Los Angeles, 331 U.S. 549, 568, 67 S.Ct. 1409, 91 L.Ed. 1666, et seq.
Thus, we look first to determine whether the challenged provision of the Georgia Constitution may properly be construed so as to permit the unseating of Representative-Elect Bond on the grounds stated. Of course, if the Georgia Supreme Court had construed the statute in such a manner this construction of the Georgia Constitution would be binding on us. The Court has not so construed it.
The State of Georgia claims that, at least within the factual context of this contest, the power of the House of Representatives to judge Bond's qualifications is "plenary." It offers, in support of this proposition, three Georgia Court decisions: Rainey v. Taylor, 166 Ga. 476, 143 S.E. 383 (1928); Beatty v. Myrick, 218 Ga. 629, 129 S.E.2d 764 (1963); and Fowler v. Bostick, 99 Ga.App. 428, 108 S.E.2d 720 (1959).
The Rainey case dealt with a charge by one Taylor, in a quo warranto proceeding against Rainey, that Rainey was, at the time of his election to the Georgia General Assembly, an acting superintendent of Schools. It being provided in the Georgia Constitution that the "qualifications of members" is to be decided by the House of Representatives, and, the Constitution in what is now Section 2-1606, quoted supra, providing that the holder of another state office "shall not have a seat in either House," it was a question for the General Assembly to judge whether Rainey was disqualified under a stated ground in the constitution. The Court merely held that a rule of "eligibility" was comprehended within the term "qualifications."
In the subsequent case of Beatty v. Myrick, in a headnote opinion, the Supreme Court of Georgia stated that the question was which of two named candidates was legally elected to represent the Third Senatorial District in the State Senate. There was thus no question of testing the "qualifications" of the senator-elect. It was simply a matter of judging who was the winner of the election. This question is expressly confided by the Constitution to the State Senate.
Fowler v. Bostick was in all respects similar to the Rainey case. It was an action for a declaratory judgment seeking to disqualify Bostick as ineligible to be seated as Representative of Tift County because he was, at the time, alleged to hold the office of Clerk of the Superior Court of Tift County. Here, as in Rainey, the court was asked to determine whether an elected member met the qualifications expressly stated in the Georgia Constitution. Of course, no criticism can be made of such a decision as these three by the Georgia courts. The question, not before the Court there, is whether, under the Georgia Constitution, the Legislature can find a lack of qualifications beyond those expressly provided for in the Constitution itself and as set out above.
In the absence of a strong showing of judicial interpretation to the contrary, it would seem that simple justice would require a holding that where specific qualifications are stated for an office and the Legislature is given the power to judge whether an aspirant for the office is "qualified", the legislature, as judge, should be required to look to the stated qualifications as the measuring stick. To hold to the contrary and permit the House as judge to go at large in a determination of whether Representative-Elect "A" meets undefined, unknown and even constitutionally questionable standards shocks not only the judicial, but also the lay sense of justice.
It can be readily understood why there are few legal precedents to give guidance in such a situation. In the first place, it can be assumed that members of a state or national legislature are prone to recognize the right of the electorate to choose as their representative whom they want to serve them. Thus, there may not be expected to be many clear precedents. Further it is readily apparent that in those cases in which a legislative body has exceeded its authority the shortness of the term of office may make moot any contest in court.
Nevertheless, there are some legislative precedents. In a New York state general election held on November 4, 1919, five members of the Socialist party were elected as members of the General Assembly of the State of New York. They appeared and took the oath of office, and thereupon, as soon as the House was organized, a motion was made to deprive them of their rights to participate, or, in other words, to expel them from membership in the House. A resolution for such expulsion was submitted and referred to a committee which conducted hearings resulting in a resolution to expel, and the members
During the pendency of the hearings, the annual meeting of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York adopted a resolution authorizing appointment of a committee "to appear before the Assembly or its Judiciary Committee and take such action as may in their judgment be necessary to safeguard and protect the principles of representative government guaranteed by the Constitution, which are involved in the proceedings now pending."
This Committee, under the Chairmanship of Honorable Charles E. Hughes, a former Governor of the state of New York and a former member of the United States Supreme Court who resigned to be a candidate for the presidency of the United States in the elections in 1916, and who later was reappointed to the Supreme Court of the United States and became Chief Justice, and including in its membership Honorable Joseph M. Proskauer, later an eminent New York Supreme Court Justice, and Honorable Ogden L. Mills, who later became Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, (the other members, Honorable Morgan J. O'Brien and Honorable Louis Marshall, all doubtless men of similar public spirit and competence, but their names do not at the moment call to mind the character of their other public service) filed a careful brief, because, as the Committee said, they regarded "these proceedings as inimical to our instutions, because they tend to subvert the very foundation upon which they rest—representative government." In the course of the discussion of the situation then pending, the Committee made it plain that the action was an action for expulsion rather than an action to determine the qualifications of the members under the provisions of the New York Constitution similar to that of the State of Georgia. In pointing to the reason why they considered the proceedings not a testing of "the qualifications" of the members, they cited from the proceedings of the United States Senate, in which Senator Reed Smoot, of Utah, was the subject of proceedings attacking his membership in the United States Senate on the charge that he was one of the twelve apostles of the Mormon Church, and, therefore, a prominent member of the hierarchy, and, though not a polygamist, sanctioned polygamy, a practice prohibited by the organic act of Congress admitting Utah as a state.
In the course of the Smoot proceedings, Senator Philander C. Knox, a distinguished Senator from the state of Pennsylvania, discussed the question of testing the qualifications of a member of the Senate under the United States Constitutional provisions that are similar to those in Article III, Section IV, par. V, etc., set out above. His statement is a complete answer to the claim that a legislature may require any qualifications it chooses. Senator Knox said:
The record discloses that the Senate declined to expel or otherwise deny Senator Smoot his right to sit. However, the five members of the New York State Legislature, whose cause was so eloquently presented by the Hughes Committee, did not fare so well. They were denied their seats.
Expressing their own views again on the question of the power of the Legislature to disqualify a member for grounds other than those stated in the Constitution, the Hughes Committee stated:
A number of actions of the United States House of Representatives or the United States Senate are cited by the State as illustrative in its argument that the term "qualification," is broad enough to encompass a test of the representative elect's general character and loyalty. Based upon the excerpts from these cases as contained in the State's brief, each of them is to be distinguished.
The United States Constitution, in describing the crime of treason provides that "the Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of Treason," Article III, Section 3, Clause 3(2). Congress has determined that one of the punishments for treason is that "Every person so convicted of treason shall, moreover, be incapable of holding any office under the United States." This was the language of the statute that was in effect at the time of Berger's contest. The present counterpart is found in 18 U.S.C.A. § 2381, in which it says that a person so convicted "shall be incapable of holding any office under the United States."
Thus, although he had been convicted of sedition and not treason, Berger's rejection by the House of Representatives was on a determination by the House that he had committed treason, which, if found by a court would be a lack of qualifications prescribed by the United States Constitution. Although in the committee report, it was argued that the House was not limited to constitutionally defined "qualifications" in passing upon Berger's eligibility, nevertheless the action of the House in rejecting him falls within the pattern of what is permissible under the principles discussed in the Hughes Committee Report, supra. There was no court test of this exclusion.
William Blount, of Tennessee, was expelled from the Senate after having been seated. He was expelled "for conduct inconsistent with his public duty, rendering him unworthy of further continuance of his present public trust." This action was taken under the provision of the United States Constitution which authorizes "each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behavior, and, with the Concurrence of two-thirds, expel a Member." Article I, Sec. 5, Clause 2. It has nothing to do with Article I, Section 5, Clause 1, which provides that "each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members * * *." This is an important distinction because the authority to expel, unlike the provision relating to qualifications, is not limited by any language in the Constitution prescribing the grounds for expulsion.
John Smith, of Ohio, was cited for treason and misdemeanor as an accomplice of Aaron Burr. The Senate voted 19 for expulsion and 10 against. On the resolution failing to secure the necessary two-thirds, Smith retained his seat. Here, again, it was an action of expulsion. It is no precedent for giving "plenary" power to judge qualification.
John D. Bright, of Indiana, was expelled because it was found that he had written a certain letter to assist a member of the Confederate states to buy firearms. Note again that this was a matter of expulsion for an act of misconduct while a member and not a matter of determining qualification to be seated.
Joshua Hill and H. V. M. Miller, of Georgia, were refused seats in the United States Senate because of the manner in which the Georgia General Assembly, which had elected Hill and Miller, was conducting its elections. (Of course, this was at a time prior to the adoption of the 17th Amendment, and senators were elected by the State Legislatures.) This, of course, went directly to the question of judging "the election," which is expressly authorized by the United States and Georgia Constitutions. The Reed Smoot case has been discussed previously. It was again, a question of expelling a senator and not one of passing on his qualifications at the time he presented himself.
The most recent case involved Senator Theodore G. Bilbo, who was not administered the oath pending an investigation of charges that his actions dealing with racial policies were said to be "contrary to the public policy, harmful to the dignity and honor of the Senate, dangerous to the perpetuity of free government, and taint [sic] with fraud and corruption of the credentials."
If a substantial part of the charge was the question of fraud and corruption of the credentials, this, of course, would be a matter of judging "the election," which is specifically authorized. In any event, Senator Bilbo was forced to step aside for an operation and he died before action was taken on his seating.
In 1926, William S. Vare, of Pennsylvania, and Frank L. Smith, of Illinois, were refused seats for excessive expenditures during their respective election campaigns. Once again this was a question of judging "the election," authority for which is expressly given to the Senate.
If there are other cases involving action by the United States Congress in which it is expressly shown that it has assumed the right to expand the list of qualifications beyond those stated in the United States Constitution, they have not been brought to our attention.
It is quite difficult to ascertain from available materials, which, if any, state cases cited in the briefs of the parties were decided on a basis that explicitly shows that a state House or a state Senate has considered that it can determine a prospective member to be not qualified for grounds other than those stated in the respective constitutions as the qualifications or basis of eligibility for the office.
Representative-Elect Bond was not challenged on the ground that he was not 21 years of age; that he had not been a citizen of the State for the requisite two years and a resident of the county from which he was elected. Nor was he challenged on the ground that he had been convicted of treason against the state, embezzlement of public funds, misfeasance in office, bribery or larceny or any crime punishable by the laws of the state, punishable with imprisonment in the penitentiary. He was not charged with having received any interest, profit or perquisite arising from the use or loan of public funds. He offered to take the prescribed oath of office.
Since it cannot be claimed that he was found disqualified on some ground other than those of which he was charged, as this would be the clearest sort of deprivation of due process guaranteed not only by the United States Constitution, but also by the Georgia Constitution as well, Article I, Section I, Paragraph III, Constitution of the State of Georgia, Section
As pointed out above, no Georgia decision has held that the courts of this state are helpless to intervene where a House of the Legislature undertakes to disqualify a person on a ground not specified. The decisions thus far reach only the proposition that where the Georgia Constitution authorizes the House to pass upon the qualifications of its members, all of the provisions in the Constitution touching on qualifications may be considered by the House in determining whether a member-elect meets the specified standards. In view of my conclusion that the action of the lower house of the General Assembly was in violation of the State Constitution, it would seem that Article I, Section IV, Paragraph II, would come into play. This section provides: "Legislative Acts in violation of this Constitution, or the Constitution of the United States, are void, and the Judiciary shall so declare them." Section 2-402, Ga.Code Ann. Since, therefore, a Georgia court is given the authority to declare such an act void, as in violation of the Georgia Constitution, pendent jurisdiction places this obligation upon this Court.
While it might be argued that, under normal circumstances, if there were nothing before this Court other than the charge that the State Legislature violated the Georgia Constitution, rules of comity might require that this Court refrain from assuming jurisdiction over such a controversy, this is not such a case. If we were to refrain from acting on the State constitutional question, we would then be faced squarely with the necessity of deciding the grave Federal constitutional question. That question is, whether the plaintiff has been deprived of his First Amendment rights by the action of the Georgia House. The gravity of that question cannot be doubted, since it is clear that it was for expression of his views that Bond was denied his seat. In view of the fact that all of plaintiff's rights can be fully adjudicated by our construction of the Georgia Constitution itself, we need not, and, indeed, we should not, proceed to a consideration of the Federal constitutional issue.
I would find that the act of the Georgia House of Representatives was void as being in violation of the Georgia Constitution and would require that he be seated to the place to which he was elected.
Mr. Bond is a candidate for the vacant seat and is the only candidate. The qualifications closed on February 7, 1966. The General Assembly will adjourn its present session on Friday, February 18, 1966. There will be no other regular session of the General Assembly during the year 1966. | <urn:uuid:5e5c9bee-11fb-4cb8-9b64-ecf28f5f0f55> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.leagle.com/decision/1966584251fsupp3331529 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.97544 | 10,359 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Too often we try to convince people when we really should persuade them.
Seth Godin writes:
Marketers don’t convince. Engineers convince. Marketers persuade. Persuasion appeals to the emotions and to fear and to the imagination. Convincing requires a spreadsheet or some other rational device.
It’s much easier to persuade someone if they’re already convinced, if they already know the facts. But it’s impossible to change someone’s mind merely by convincing them of your point.
Author Terry Fallis explains the difference:
We are convinced by evidence or arguments made to the intellect. … We are persuaded by appeals made to the will, moral sense or emotions.
Jonathan Dunn adds:
…we are convinced to think something; persuaded to think & do something.
The implication of this for marketing is significant. I couldn’t care less if you were convinced that my widget is better than my competitors widgets if I haven’t also persuaded you to do something about it – buy it, support it, donate to it, tell your friends about it.
In her TED talk, Kathryn Schulz, author of Being Wrong, explains what happens when we unsuccessfully try to convince someone:
The first thing we usually do when someone disagrees with us is that we just assume they are ignorant. You know, they don’t have access to the same information we do and when we generously share that information with them, they are going to see the light and come on over to our team.
When that doesn’t work. When it turns out those people have all the same information and they still don’t agree with us we move onto a second assumption. They’re idiots. They have all the right pieces of the puzzle and they are too moronic to put them together.
And when that doesn’t work. When it turns out that people have all the same facts that we do and they are pretty smart we move onto a third assumption. They know the truth and they are deliberately distorting it for their own malevolent purposes.
So this is a catastrophe: our attachment to our own rightness. It prevents us from preventing mistakes when we need to and causes us to treat each other terribly.
If you’re always trying to convince people, you’re doing it wrong. | <urn:uuid:75cb937c-358f-498b-8ee4-127c0b0529d7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fs.blog/the-difference-between-persuading-and-convincing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.958819 | 489 | 2.125 | 2 |
I have a confession: I hate the term “business development.”
Despite having spent most of my career “doing business development,” I must admit that I’ve always secretly harbored an uneasy relationship with the label of “business development” as a job title.
I mean, isn’t anyone who works for a business thereby charged with developing it?
According to my own Grand Unified Theory of business development, the goal of this ambiguously-named function is to create long-term value for an organization from customers, markets, and relationships. And yet, if you ask a biz dev person at a startup to describe their day-to-day role, you’re likely to hear a vastly different description than someone doing business development at a more mature company. And the differences are likely to be just as vast between a startup at the seed stage and one after their Series B.
Why is that? The answer: The role of business development changes as a company grows because what is valuable in the long-term changes as the company grows.
Here’s how the role of business development evolves as a company evolves, from an early stage startup to a mature big company.
Business development at a startup
Early stage startups (pre-seed, seed, Series A)
At the youngest of startups, the greatest opportunity to create long-term value is by finding customers to validate product-market fit. There won’t be a business in a few years if an early stage startup cannot find traction within a few months, so value that is “long-term” to early stage companies may actually be realizable in a relatively short-term period. Getting customers, users, or early adopters on board to validate the need for a product helps confirm (or dispel) whether the business has a solid base on which to build a future. Accordingly, the role of business development in a very early stage startup is often focused at the intersection of sales and product development.
Early-stage business development is often so integral to a company’s foundation that it’s primarily the responsibility of a sales-focused cofounder or CEO. At the same time, a company whose founding team is more heavily weighted with subject matter experts instead of business experience (for example, an all-engineer team or a company founded by industry domain experts) may prioritize an early hire of an experienced “business guy” to play the BD role while allowing the founders to exert their experience where it is best applied.
“Business development” in an early-stage company is focused on establishing a firm footing that will allow a product to become a company. By helping to fund the continued existence of the business, business development at early-stage startups is fundamentally about creating long-term value to the organization.
Growth stage startups (Series B or later)
Once a startup has traction, the universe of realizable growth opportunities begins to expand.
Business development roles now focus on evaluating the best paths to pursuing growth by relying on a backbone of existing products and customers. A company with runway, funded either by investors or revenue, can explore a variety of options in the pursuit of long-term value. As new growth opportunities become apparent—for example, ideas for developing new products, pursuing customers in new markets, investing in marketing or distribution efforts to attract customers—a growth stage startup must still carefully manage its limited resources and will still be forced to prioritize the most valuable uses of its people’s time.
Having achieved product-market fit, a growth-stage startup’s customers, products, or reputation, become an asset that may be leveragable for partnerships. Partnerships become an attractive option to pursue distribution, product enhancements, or brand equity. The ability to sell other companies on the idea of partnership and “do deals” that drive scale becomes a go-to arrow in a growth-stage business developer’s quiver.
Repeating the cycle of identifying, assessing, and pursuing strategic growth opportunities has the potential to create a snowball effect that leads the company down a course towards self-sufficiency, and ultimately, an exit via IPO or acquisition.
Large organizations survive by milking cash cows but create long-term value for shareholders by pursuing new avenues of growth. Even for a mature big company, growth opportunities abound: from extending a brand with a new product, to engaging with new and old customers in new ways, to innovating around entirely new lines of business.
At a big company, the day-to-day tasks required of a business developer can vastly differ from team-to-team within any given organization. Specifically, I believe there are three ways that business development manifests itself within a large organization: intrapreneurial BD teams, agent BD teams, and de facto BD teams.
Intrapreneurial BD teams
Some big company business development teams act as vanguards in unexplored territories, evaluating how an idea can hatch into a new line of business. These teams lead the charge in vetting “whitespace” opportunities, often ideas that caught the attention of senior executives as a prospective growth area in which to invest (case in point: every company that sprouted a “big data” division over the past few years). To a large extent, this approach resembles a hybrid of those found at earlier-stage companies: being the intrapreneurial “business guy” that’s focused on iterating on an idea until it finds a willing audience of customers (or doesn’t, and gets mothballed).
These teams may operate independently from the rest of the organization, but just as often, an intrapreneurial BD team can operate from within an existing business unit. When they have responsibility for a budget, these teams may act on their own to explore and execute on ideas that result in new products, partnerships, or other initiatives that tie back into a larger goal of the organization (such as a mandate to “drive customer acquisition of millennials” or “grow our market share in Asia”).
Once an idea is brought to market, an individual in an intrapreneurial business development role may transition into an operating role within the new business, or they may move onto a new project and continue the cycle.
Agent BD teams
Another form of a big company business development team is one that lacks the funding to incubate ideas on their own, and instead serves as an internal scout for opportunities that may benefit other teams within the organization. Frequently, these business development teams will operate as agents of a division of the organization. For example, a business development team for a company’s small business products division may evaluate opportunities for new products or partnerships that help the marketers, product developers, or other colleagues of the division scale their efforts.
Agent business development teams may spend their days stepping through Excel models to analytically assess the value of an opportunity and decide on whether to “build, buy, or partner.” While the execution of a “build” or “buy” path may be handed off to counterparts on another team, such as product development, marketing, corporate development, or procurement, the pursuit of a partnership often remains in the hands of the agent BD team. These teams can manage the sourcing, due diligence, and negotiation of a contract that brings a partnership to life that will ultimately wind up in the hands of colleagues.
De facto BD teams
And further still, many people “doing business development” within big companies don’t actually have the words “business development” written anywhere on their business card. They are social media marketing managers, or directors of customer service, or senior architects—the operators who drive the day-to-day functions of a business and therefore evaluate the many paths that they may take to do their jobs better. Sometimes those paths lead to marketing partnerships, or new product development, or a recommendation to acquire a company. Recognizing a growth opportunity in front of them, a de facto BD team (which is a quote-unquote “BD” team at all) may spring into action to perform the very functions that we may traditionally associate as the exclusive domain of a dedicated BD team. De facto BD teams prove that creating long-term value is not the exclusive domain of any one job title.
A commonality across each of these three archetypal big company BD roles is the need to sell internally. Having evaluated the myriad paths to creating long-term value, a big company business development team can become as much focused on selling an idea up the chain within their own company as it is focused on closing deals externally. The fight for budget, resources, and executive approval all dictate which growth opportunities will be green-lit and which will be passed over.
The common link
While a day in the life of a business developer may seem to change dramatically as a company evolves over time, there will always be one common link. No matter how you slice it, at companies of all sizes the role of “business development” will always be focused on seizing growth opportunities and creating value that persists for the long-term.
Feeling overwhelmed? Get more out of your to-do list by working smarter, rather than harder. | <urn:uuid:b47d52f6-b663-474c-a8df-ad05b64cd765> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wework.com/ideas/professional-development/business-development-differs-startups-big-companies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.951608 | 1,924 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Students from different public sector universities have developed an application called TrackReps which would help the public in tracking the performance of elected members of the KPK Provincial Assembly.
The young IT developers presented the application at Peshawar Press Club which contains all the data of the elected representatives and their activities and performance, from passing bills to ongoing projects etc. All of this information will be available to the public soon.
This app has the potential to facilitate the public in making informed decisions during the next elections, which bodes well for not just KPK, but for all of Pakistan.
Shehroz Rashid, the founder of TrackReps believes that this application can help ensure the much-needed transparency which is lacking in Pakistan.
Talking about the possibility of scaling up the idea, Hamail Raza, the local engagement analyst said,
This idea can also be scaled to National Assembly of Pakistan, representing the whole nation. Since the model is to monitor the performance of public representatives, it can also be introduced and replicated in other countries both developed and developing.
Having transparent data in hands is a rare thing in Pakistan and this application can provide insights to how well the people’s representatives are performing during their tenure.
With more than 40 million internet users in Pakistan – with 31% of the 116 million phone users with smartphones – such applications bring hope for a better Pakistan.
The app is available for Android phones only and can be downloaded from the Play Store here. | <urn:uuid:313aa844-f73e-4199-93a1-fbdbf940a65f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://propakistani.pk/2017/08/16/kp-citizens-can-track-mpas-performance-app/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949939 | 299 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Don’t lie to me…
You’ve daydreamed at least once or twice about what you’d do if you have unlimited money.
I know I have!
In fact, one time my dumba** friends and I were SO convinced we were going to win the lottery that we spent a whole day hanging out in my living room talking about what we were gonna do after we won the lottery.
In case you were wondering, it didn’t work out…that time.
But the dream is still alive!
What would you do if you woke up and had all of Jeff Bezos’ money?
AskReddit users dared to dream…
1. Good point.
If you are a billionaire and you aren’t literally Batman then wtf are you even doing?”
2. Done working.
“Turn off the alarm, go back to sleep.
I no longer have to go to work.”
3. Have some fun first.
“I call IKEA and let them know I’ll be purchasing their entire showroom and renting out the facility for a couple days.
I then have a giant paintball match in IKEA.
THEN I call a financial advisor.”
4. I see…
“I purchase The Amazon.
Not Amazon, but THE Amazon.”
5. Here’s the plan.
“Pay off all my debt.
Pay off the debt of all my family and closest friends.
Buy land in the mountains on a lake and build our dream house along all the toys for lake life and a big guest house.
Buy our dream cars.
Travel the world.
Build and fund homeless shelters that will provide people with: a private room with their own kitchenette and bathroom, 3 nutritious meals a day, medical care, access to mental health professionals, access to job training and career coaching, transportation to work and interviews, and assistance to help them transition out of the shelter once they are back on their feet.
Build and fund animal shelters that will provide animals with: veterinary care, daily exercise/play, and their own comfortable rooms. The goal would be to make the animals feel like they’re already in a home and not a cold, concrete kennel.
Build and fund high quality senior citizen living facilities that include security measures to prevent and monitor for a*se. Also provide an appropriate salary for staff.
Make donations toward converting to clean energy sources and other things to help combat climate change, like helping farmers make food production more sustainable.
Fund free school breakfast and lunch for all children.”
“Buy Unmak Island in the Bering Sea, 200,000 acres including a Volcano for a measly $16.5M, and as it’s only accessible via air and boat at certain times of the year gives me some nice privacy.
Construct a Castle on the property in Gothic Revival style of architecture, include modern features like electricity and heating but still try to keep it like a real gothic castle with similar materials as used throughout history. Must be at least 100,000 square feet as I like room to put my feet up.
Bring polar bears to the island (hopefully some are there already), giving them proper food sources so their population can thrive. I want the island to be basically infested with polar bears, like have a higher density than any where else on the world, and breed them for aggression.
Transportation around the island would need to be done in caged vehicles outfitted with 50 cal rifles to defend against the rampaging threat of hyper violent polar bears.
Hire staff of 100 military contractors to protect the island from another staff of 100 military contractors I have pitted against each other.
Hire a harem of beautiful women who constantly seek my attention, continually deny their advancements because I’m not into women.”
7. Be responsible.
“After doing all the responsible things like talking with lawyers, accountants, and brokers, I will first do something for myself: buy a pinball machine. I’ve always wanted one and that’s my extravagant gift that I would buy for myself if I ever had the money to burn.
My second thing is to quit my job, after they find a replacement for me, and go to work on charities. I first want to work on a way to renovate old buildings and turn them into housing for the homeless. These will be nice living spaces for people in need. But it won’t just be living spaces either.
There will be a rec room/gym, a cafeteria, a daycare, therapy offices, an office to help people find jobs, and even a methadone clinic. I want to help people get back on their feet. When I see people down on their luck, I don’t like myself because all I want to do is help but I don’t have the finances to do so.
If I woke up to find myself the richest person in the world, how could I not want to help everyone. I guess it’s been a dream of mine to help people in this way. I want to make an impact in the world for the better.”
8. I like this.
“Use $208 billion to fight disease, climate change and poverty.
Use the last billion to live it up till I d**.”
9. Endless possibilities.
“I would be building all kinds of affordable housing for starters. Also I would be funding a myriad of initiatives including:
Setting up spay/neuter clinics in places like India, northern Canada, etc. where the street dogs suffer immensely.
Fully funding anti-poaching units like the Black Mambas and the Akashinga,
Large endowments to groups like The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust and Wildlife SOS,
I’d love to get involved in providing funding for women/families in poor countries to have clean safe housing, access to birth control and health care along with training for them to have small businesses or run small farms to grow and sell food,
There’s just so much good a person can do with that kind of money. The possibilities are endless.”
10. Going green.
“Mine is to find the ocean clean up, really take care of the plastic patch. Fund solar energy in the Sahara and Nevada. Buy alot of land in the amazon and have it guarded from loggers and farmers.
Fund social programs in the areas responsible for pollution, education to the population so that they understand what they are doing and have the means for it not to be the easiest way of getting rid of their trash.”
11. Only she can know.
“1st: I don’t tell anyone jack s**t! Except my wife.
2nd: I call a lawyer
3rd: I setup anonymous trusts for all my family members and close friends so they get a monthly check for the rest of their lives. I also setup yearly gifts to my favorite charities.
4th: I buy a lot of land in the mountains and build a home in the middle.
With guest houses for friends and family.
5th: I built the most awesome home computers, network, and storage.
6th: I buy a great sports car, truck, and sedan. I also find a 1959 Cadillac and have it restored with modern engine, transmission, brakes, and suspension.
7th: Travel the world and enjoy life.
This is also my plan if I ever win the lottery.”
12. Keep it a secret.
“Being most realistic, I’d probably experience 30 seconds of total joy & excitement… followed by a crippling several hours of anxiety panic attack as the realization sets in that nearly every human alive would be willing to k**l me for a fraction of that money, that the rest of my life will be spent in the national spotlight, that this will ultimately destroy every relationship I’ve ever built.
Don’t get me wrong – I’m still taking the money, I’m not trying to push some “money can’t buy happiness” bulls**t. But I think I’d need to keep this an absolute secret from everyone until I get a rock solid battle plan of affairs in order.
Once the media finds out, you’d better not be anywhere that a horde of desperate lunatics can find you. (Or your family / loved ones – they’re great for ransom).”
What would YOU do if you had all that cash?
Talk to us in the comments and let us know.
We’d love to hear from you! | <urn:uuid:4e6938ea-b26c-42ae-a282-cdecf34e7b17> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stories.wimp.com/what-would-you-do-if-you-woke-up-with-all-of-jeff-bezos-money-people-responded/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.953604 | 1,855 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Young Male Deer in Central Texas at night. Cropped from original image which included environmental details from the specialty camera. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Reminder for the week: Winter is time to bring in, repair recreational crab pots
DOVER (Nov. 26, 2014) – To achieve public compliance through education and enforcement actions that help conserve Delaware’s fish and wildlife resources and ensure safe boating and public safety, DNREC Division of Fish & Wildlife Enforcement Natural Resources Police officers between Nov. 17-23 made 907 contacts with anglers, hunters, boaters and the general public, including nine vessel boardings for boating safety and fishing regulation compliance checks. Agents responded to 40 complaints and issued 39 citations. This week, with an expanded Fish and Wildlife Enforcement presence continuing to be deployed as a deterrent, no citations were issued at the C&D Canal Conservation Area and associated recreational trail.
Incidents of particular note were:
- On Nov. 21, Fish & Wildlife Enforcement officers arrested Wingate D. Streett, 59, of Wilmington, and charged him with theft under $1,500, impeding a lawful hunt, third degree criminal trespass and hunting after legal hunting hours in connection with a Nov. 14 incident near Harbeson. Streett was arraigned in Justice of the Peace Court 3 in Georgetown and released on $$1,550 unsecured bond, pending trial at a later date.
- On Nov. 22, Fish & Wildlife Enforcement officers arrested Bayard P. Keeler, 49, of Camden-Wyoming in connection with an incident near Harrington and charged him with two counts of possession of a firearm by a person prohibited. Keeler was arraigned in Justice of the Peace Court 7 in Dover and released on $2,000 secured bond, pending trial at a later date.
- On Nov. 22, Fish & Wildlife Enforcement officers cited a Greenwood resident for possession of a loaded firearm in a motor vehicle, possession of an unlawfully taken antlerless deer, failure to tag an antlerless deer and illegal method of take using a rifle. The charges carry fines and court costs totaling $544. Note: It is illegal to use a rifle to hunt deer in Delaware.
Citations issued by offense type included the following, with the number of charges in parentheses:
Wildlife Conservation: Trespassing to hunt (4), and hunting illegally on a wildlife preserve (3), New Castle County; Unlicensed hunting (1), hunting with an unplugged shotgun capable of holding more than three shells (1), failure to check antlerless deer within 24 hours (1), butchering antlerless deer prior to registration (1), and hunting in a state deer stand without required permit (1), Kent County; Failure to tagantlerless deer (9), Kent and Sussex counties; Possession of unlawfully taken antlerless deer (2), illegal method of take using a rifle (1), impeding a lawful hunt (1), and hunting after legal hunting hours (1), Sussex County.
Fisheries Conservation: Recreational: Unlicensed fishing (2), Sussex County.
Public Safety: Failure to display required hunter orange during a firearms deer season (4), New Castle, Kent and Sussex counties; Reckless driving (1), New Castle County; Possession of a firearm by a person prohibited (2), Kent County; Possession of a loaded firearm in a motor vehicle (2), Kent and Sussex counties; Possession of a firearm during commission of a felony (1), first degree felony reckless endangering (1), criminal mischief (1), theft under $1,500 (1), and third degree criminal trespass (1), Sussex County.
Are you AWARE?
DNREC’s Division of Fish and Wildlife Enforcement Section reminds recreational crabbers that all crab pots must be removed from the water from Dec. 1 through Feb. 28.
Winter is a good time to repair crab pots and replace or refresh required markings. Recreational crab pots must be marked with the owner’s full name and permanent mailing address, either on the required white buoy or on a waterproof tag attached to the buoy.
Crabbers also should check the condition of the required by-catch excluder, a rigid metal or plastic frame measuring 1.75 inches by 4.75 inches that is attached at the funnel entrance of all recreational crab pots to reduce the possibility of diamondback terrapins entering the pot and drowning. By-catch devices are available at local tackle shops or may be handmade of heavy wire. Directions to make a by-catch reduction device are available online at Crabpot excluder.
The DNREC Division of Fish & Wildlife recognizes and thanks the majority of anglers, hunters and boaters who comply with and support Delaware’s fishing, hunting and boating laws and regulations. Citizens are encouraged to report fish and wildlife and boating violations to the Delaware Fish & Wildlife Enforcement Section by calling 302-739-4580. Wildlife violations may also be reported anonymously to Operation Game Theft by calling 800-292-3030 or online at www.dnrec.delaware.gov/fw/Hunting/Pages/OpGameTheft.aspx. | <urn:uuid:c6388882-1bee-4e9a-85c6-253b832a8245> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gloucestercitynews.net/clearysnotebook/2014/11/fish-wildlife-enforcement-blotter-nov-17-23.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.916723 | 1,066 | 1.578125 | 2 |
When you test your maze with users, you might be asking how many testers you need. We recommend you test each maze with twenty users or more to get valid results.
Variability between users’ performance
With Maze, you do quantitative usability testing and collect metrics about your designs’ performance with real users. As a standard practice, twenty testers are recommended to allow for the variability that might exist between users.
Some people might be novice users of your product and will take more time to learn the interface. If you test with too few users, the difference in user performance can affect the viability of your results.
Similarly, although not as influential, some people may find the concept of usability testing new, and the testing interface confusing at first. To account for the novelty of the experience, we recommend you start your maze test with a simple task that gives context to users.
When you conduct unmoderated remote testing (i.e., you send your testers a link, and they take it on their own), external circumstances might influence the results you get.
For example, your testers might leave the maze tab open when distracted by something else. This natural behavior happens in a live product too—so it’s worth thinking about it.
However, when measuring usability metrics, this may lead to outlier metrics, which will not be design-related, such as high time on screen or high give up rate. Having more people take your maze will help you account for this deviation if it happens.
Confidence in the data
If your product is mission-critical and you want to be confident all issues have been uncovered before you implement your design live, it’s better to test with more users to make sure all harder-to-find problems have been discovered.
More testers mean greater confidence that the results you get are accurate and increased confidence in the results. For mission-critical designs that can potentially affect a high number of users, you should test with as many users as you can.
In quantitative studies, the more users you can test with, the better chance your results are accurate, and you’ve uncovered even the harder-to-find problems.
As a rule of thumb, we recommend you test with at least twenty users to account for all enumerated occurrences. When your project is critical or if you want to have high confidence in the data, test with as many users as you can afford. | <urn:uuid:be476832-3e7e-4cf1-8067-9eb5ad402d75> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://help.maze.co/hc/en-us/articles/360051963734-How-many-testers-do-I-need- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.932682 | 502 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Bacolodnons can now be considered “protected” against COVID-19, Mayor Evelio “Bing” Leonardia said at the launching of the “Resbakuna sa Botika” at the Mercury Drug outlet at the Ayala Malls Capitol Central in the city Feb. 3.
“We have already vaccinated 131 percent of our target population, and is still counting. In terms of our total population, our vaccination rate is over 91 percent. I understand that it is one of the highest in Western Visayas,” Leonardia said, citing data from the Emergency Operations Center–Task Force.
Leonardia’s statement was echoed by Dr. Chris Sorongon, EOC-TF deputy for medical, data analysis and management.
The Resbakuna launching was attended by Negros Occidental Governor Eugenio Jose Lacson, Health Secretary Francisco Duque III, vaccine czar Carlito Galvez Jr., deputy chief implementer Vince Dizon, and Office of the Presidential Assistant for the Visayas undersecretary Anthony Gerard Gonzales, among others.
“When I first came here with Secretary Galvez, our biggest problem was testing. It was very difficult during that time, but now it is very different,” recalled Dizon, as he lauded the city’s resilience to inoculate its residents, a press release from the city said Feb. 4.
He also recognized the efforts of Dr. Edwin Miraflor Jr., officer in charge of the City Health Office, and his team for their continuous effort despite the difficulties.
Galvez explained that with the help of the private sector, more COVID-19 projects from the national government will be expanded to other parts of the country to end the pandemic.
“Your help will be instrumental for us to save our people from COVID-19,” he said.
Duque thanked Western Visayas district manager, Ma. Agnes Navarro, for making Mercury Drug an “implementing unit of the private sector” to bring life-saving vaccines closer to the people.
“In your heart, you want others to feel your service, especially now that you are part of our vaccination program,” Duque said.
He also expressed his gratitude to Ayala Malls for their support in the government’s vaccination program all over the Philippines. — NND | <urn:uuid:1eb07809-19c7-4256-b2e3-83612819efe7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://negrosnowdaily.com/bacolodnons-protected-against-covid-19-bing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.947726 | 507 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Leaving a financial legacy or planned gift is a way to create sustainable financial support for a charitable organization. It is a means of making a gift that maximizes the tax and estate planning benefits to the donor. It is also a reflective process that takes time, careful thought and above all, provides meaningful outcomes.
Legacy giving can usually be established without affecting current financial circumstances and often involve the use of financial or legal instruments such as wills, life insurance policies, endowments, and trusts.
There are many planned giving options; we can help you find the one that works for you:
- Gifts that pay you income: Donate to Kin Canada Foundation and receive payments through charitable gift annuities and charitable remainder trusts.
- Gifts you make today: Start a charitable lead trust or make a memorial or honorary gift.
- Gifts that benefit us after your lifetime: Extend your commitment to Kin Canada Foundation with a bequest, beneficiary designation or endowed gift. | <urn:uuid:e6e43efb-0fd5-4269-a5b8-9ede2c8c9145> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://kincanadafoundation.ca/ways-to-donate/leave-a-legacy-gift/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.932397 | 196 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Proglacial icings as records of winter hydrological processes
- 1Hydrology, Climate and Climate Change Laboratory, École de technologie supérieure, Montréal, H3C 1K3, Canada
- 2Geography Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, V2N 4Z9, Canada
Correspondence: Anna Chesnokova (firstname.lastname@example.org)
The ongoing warming of cold regions is affecting hydrological processes, causing deep changes, such as a ubiquitous increase in river winter discharges. The drivers of this increase are not yet fully identified mainly due to the lack of observations and field measurements in cold and remote environments. In order to provide new insights into the sources generating winter runoff, the present study explores the possibility of extracting information from icings that form over the winter and are often still present early in the summer. Primary sources detection was performed using time-lapse camera images of icings found in both proglacial fields and upper alpine meadows in June 2016 in two subarctic glacierized catchments in the upper part of the Duke watershed in the St. Elias Mountains, Yukon. As images alone are not sufficient to entirely cover a large and hydrologically complex area, we explore the possibility of compensating for that limit by using four supplementary methods based on natural tracers: (a) stable water isotopes, (b) water ionic content, (c) dissolved organic carbon, and (d) cryogenic precipitates. The interpretation of the combined results shows a complex hydrological system where multiple sources contribute to icing growth over the studied winter. Glaciers of all sizes, directly or through the aquifer, represent the major parent water source for icing formation in the studied proglacial areas. Groundwater-fed hillslope tributaries, possibly connected to suprapermafrost layers, make up the other detectable sources in icing remnants. If similar results are confirmed in other cold regions, they would together support a multi-causal hypothesis for a general increase in winter discharge in glacierized catchments. More generally, this study shows the potential of using icing formations as a new, barely explored source of information on cold region winter hydrological processes that can contribute to overcoming the paucity of observations in these regions.
Winter baseflow increases in response to climatic changes have been observed in a multitude of arctic and subarctic rivers (Brabets and Walvoord, 2009; Chesnokova et al., 2020; Danilovich et al., 2019; St. Jacques et al., 2009; Makarieva et al., 2019; Lammers et al., 2001; Rennermalm et al., 2010; Smith et al., 2007; Tananaev et al., 2016; Qin et al., 2020; Walvoord and Striegl, 2007; Wang, 2019; Woo and Thorne, 2014; Yang et al., 2002). The hypotheses proposed to explain this positive trend mainly fall into two categories: those based on a change in water storage capacity of aquifers and those based on a change in water inputs to aquifers from different hydrological sources (Liljedahl et al., 2016). Increases in aquifer storage capacity result from delays in soil freeze-up (e.g., Yang et al., 2002), increases in suprapermafrost layer thickness (e.g., Ge et al., 2011; Toohey et al., 2016), or both. These phenomena may lead to an increased amount of water accumulated in the aquifer during summer that can be released during the freezing season. The term “suprapermafrost layer” (e.g., Connon et al., 2018) refers to the layer on top of permafrost and includes both the active layer and suprapermafrost taliks (i.e., perennially unfrozen zones). Hydrological sources that might increase their contribution to winter discharge include precipitation (e.g., Makarieva et al., 2019; Neal et al., 2002), permafrost thaw (e.g., St. Jacques et al., 2009, and glacier melt (Liljedahl et al., 2016). By increasing the aquifer recharge, these sources would indirectly promote an increase in winter discharge.
Although the aforementioned hypotheses are widely accepted, the exact sources responsible for the observed increase in winter discharge remain difficult to identify. This is especially true in proglacial settings where numerous hydrological components exist. Several studies have shown that the extra water volumes originating from the permafrost thaw alone cannot explain the observed trend in winter baseflow (e.g., McClelland et al., 2004). In addition, positive trends in winter discharge are observed in both permafrost-underlined and non-permafrost-underlined areas (McClelland et al., 2004; Smith et al., 2007; Tananaev et al., 2016), and some watersheds experienced a decrease in winter flow even though permafrost thaw had been observed (Lyon et al., 2009). Similarly, the hypothesis that glacier downwasting alone would be responsible for the changes in baseflow is confronted by the observed baseflow increase in both glacierized and non-glacierized watersheds (Chesnokova et al., 2020). Finally, due to data scarcity in cold regions, testing the hypothesis about changes in precipitation input to aquifer recharge is problematic (Smith et al., 2007; Woo and Thorne, 2014). More generally, due to an overall lack of field observations over the winter, the direct evaluation of winter discharge composition in proglacial areas represents a major challenge.
In the present study, we propose to compensate for the scarcity of direct observations of winter hydrological processes in glacierized catchments in cold regions by attempting to extract information on potential parent hydrological sources, which we expect is recorded in proglacial icings. An icing (“Aufeis” in German and “naled” in Russian) is a sheet-like mass of ice formed during the winter when surface water or groundwater floods onto existing surfaces (ground, ice, snow) and freezes to form an additional ice layer (Alekseyev, 1987; Carey, 1973; Kane, 1981). This flooding is intermittent and may incorporate snowfalls (Hodgkins et al., 2004; Wadham et al., 2000). Icings redistribute runoff in the course of a year by releasing, during the ablation season, the water stored during the winter (Pavelsky and Zarnetske, 2017). Their contribution to summer runoff can be important for unglaciated watersheds in northern regions, accounting for up to 30 % of the annual baseflow (Kane and Slaughter, 1973; Reedyk et al., 1995; Yoshikawa et al., 2007). In glacierized watersheds, icings can form from the different water sources that are active during the winter. Both polythermal (Bukowska-Jania and Szafraniec, 2005; Hambrey, 1984; Sobota, 2016; Stachnik et al., 2016; Wadham et al., 2000; Yde et al., 2012) and cold-based glacier meltwater (Bælum and Benn, 2011; Hodgkins et al., 2004, 1998; Naegeli et al., 2014) can be responsible for icing formation. At some locations, features such as lakes (Moorman, 2003; Veillette and Thomas, 1979; Wainstein et al., 2014; Yde and Knudsen, 2005) and buried ice formations within proglacial fields (Gokhman, 1987) can contribute to icing growth. In regions underlain by permafrost, water that flows to the surface through taliks over the winter has been observed to be involved in icing formation. Where this happens, both supra- (Ensom et al., 2020; French and Heginbottom, 1983; Markov et al., 2016; Pollard, 2005) and sub-permafrost water (Ensom et al., 2020; Hu and Pollard, 1997; Kane and Slaughter, 1973; Kane, 1981; Pollard, 2005; Romanovsky, 1973; Yoshikawa et al., 2007) can contribute.
Since types of water sources that produce proglacial icings are also likely to contribute to winter runoff, learning from the hydrological records preserved in icings can provide new insights into winter hydrological processes and active sources in many cold regions (Crites and Lacelle, 2020). In light of the above, the main objective of this study is to explore the possibility of identifying water sources that remain active during the winter in the headwaters of subarctic glacierized watersheds by tracing back those that contribute to the formation of icings. This is achieved by addressing three research questions. (1) What are the main parent sources responsible for icing formations in the studied watershed? (2) What is the most promising set of methods for extracting information from icings about the winter hydrological process? (3) What are the findings on winter hydrological processes and baseflow trends that can be derived from studying icing formations in the study area?
The Duke River valley, Yukon, Canada, is used as the study site. Numerous icings are observed almost every year in the upper part of the Duke watershed. In addition, this subarctic glacierized watershed is a complex hydrological system in which numerous hydrological components, such as glaciers, buried ice formations, talus slope and hillslope tributaries, snow cover, and permafrost, act as potential water sources. The study targeted six different icings found in two glacierized sub-catchments in the upper part of the Duke watershed in June 2016 within both proglacial fields and upper alpine meadows.
Being the only direct method available for the study, the use of time-lapse camera (TLC) images is considered as the primary detection method for parent hydrological sources for icing formation. Because using TLCs at the scale of an entire sub-catchment is difficult and because TLC images may not detect some of the contributing sources, we tested four secondary methods in parallel: analyses of (a) stable water isotopes, (b) water ionic content, (c) dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and (d) cryogenic precipitates. As none of these four secondary techniques can be considered conclusive by themselves, the results they generate are ultimately expressed as “supporting” or “not supporting” a source as being the potential parent water for icing formation.
The two studied sub-catchments are located in the headwaters of the Duke River (Kluane First Nation name: Shar Ndu Chu) in the St. Elias Mountains, Yukon. The climate in this region is continental with a mean annual air temperature between −8 and −12 ∘C and a mean annual total precipitation of 500 to 600 mm, depending on the location in the region (Wahl et al., 1987). The glaciers in the region are not in equilibrium with the current climate and experience long-term negative mass balances (Arendt et al., 2002; Barrand and Sharp, 2010). Large glaciers are polythermal (Flowers et al., 2014), whereas smaller glaciers are probably cold-based (Wilson et al., 2013). Many glaciers in the area, including the Duke Glacier, are surging (Clarke et al., 1986). As a result of glacier retreat and surging events, their proglacial fields contain climate-sensitive hydrological features, such as buried ice and ice-cored moraines (Johnson, 1971, 1978, 1986, 1992).
The study region is located in a zone of discontinuous permafrost (Brown et al., 2002). However, local permafrost coverage can be continuous at elevations above 1600 m above sea level (a.s.l.) (Bonnaventure and Lewkowicz, 2008). Most of the permafrost-monitoring sites in North America display a thawing trend driven by air temperature increase. Indeed, permafrost warming and active layer deepening are reported in the Arctic (Hinzman et al., 2005) and the Subarctic (Smith et al., 2010; Smith et al., 2005; Tarnocai et al., 2004).
The two study catchments are contiguous. As we were unable to learn the name of that particular valley, we refer to the first study catchment as Watershed B (Fig. 1a). Its drainage area of 8.7 km2 is 36.6 % glacierized, and its elevation ranges from 1674 to 2906 m a.s.l. The Watershed B surface is, to a large extent, composed of bare rocks and debris. The main stream originates from a glacier, which we named B. The other two glaciers in the same Watershed B form a tributary that reaches the main stream in its upper section.
The second study catchment is named the Upper Duke watershed (Fig. 1a). Its drainage area of 69.1 km2 is 39.7 % glacierized, and its elevation ranges from 1598 to 3042 m a.s.l. The main glacier of the catchment is named Duke Glacier. It is categorized as a surging glacier (Clarke et al., 1986). The Duke Glacier is considered to be the Duke River headwater. The Duke River is fed by numerous tributaries of glacier and non-glacier origins. This part of the watershed can be divided into two areas of different natures (Fig. 1a). Starting around the Duke Glacier tongue and extending several kilometres downstream is the proglacial field. It is a barely vegetated debris-covered area that has been shaped by previous glaciations and/or surging events. Further down, the watershed is characterized by relatively gently sloping alpine meadow.
3.1 Methods overview
The analysis of TLC images, in conjunction with the winter air temperature records, is conducted for two winters: 2015–2016 and 2016–2017. This primary method permits the monitoring of icing formation, as well as the visual location of hydrological sources contributing to their growth throughout winter. The TLC image analysis presents an advantage over other methods since it is based on direct observations with limited possibilities of producing false-positive results (i.e., indicate sources that are not active). TLC coverage, however, is limited in its range of coverage, is vulnerable to certain weather/environmental conditions (e.g., snowfall, darkness), and is inconclusive for parent sources that are not observed in the images. We thus test four other methods that potentially are able to provide complementary information on parent sources responsible for icing formation. These indirect methods are all based on the principle that waters originating from different sources present unique hydrochemical and isotopic signatures as a result of the specific hydrological, geological, and biological processes they have been exposed to (Drever, 1997). We hypothesize that comparing the hydrochemical signatures of icing water and cryogenic precipitates to those of other hydrological sources can provide insights into the sources that contributed to icing formation.
Taken individually, each of the indirect methods presents a substantial level of uncertainty. They are all based on the hypothesis that relative chemical and isotopic concentrations of parent sources do not change significantly over the year in glacierized catchments, as was observed by Beylich and Laute (2012). This hypothesis can be considered robust in the case of DOC and cryogenic precipitates. In pristine environments, DOC originates mainly from plant and microorganism decomposition (Hagedorn et al., 2004). The presence of significant amounts of DOC in icings can therefore allow the rejection of the contribution from DOC-free parent sources. Similar reasoning is used for cryogenic precipitates. The formation of cryogenic precipitates requires high relative concentrations of the elements that precipitate in parent waters (Bukowska-Jania, 2007) that further increase due to freezing-driven exclusion (Kuo et al., 2011). The same phenomenon can affect the relation between the relative concentration of solutes in parent sources and in icing meltwater. In addition, because there is a link between stable water isotopes and elevation (Baraer et al., 2015), isotopic signatures of meltwater can potentially vary throughout the year. Moreover, icing remnants, which are observed in spring, might not be formed by a unique source or process but rather may represent aggregated features formed as a result of multiple sources and processes. Taking into account these aforementioned processes, the interpretation of the results for indirect methods for each potential parent source is limited and is simply expressed either as “+”, indicating that the source is supported as a contributor to the icing formation, or as “−”, indicating that the source is suggested as not being a contributor. Resulting outcomes are compiled into a decision matrix. Unlike the indirect methods, sources identified as contributing to the growth of a given icing are given a “”, as TLC images interpretation is considered the primary method. Due to the limitations mentioned above, the analyses of stable water isotopes, DOC, and cryogenic precipitates were used only to rule out potential parent sources (i.e., support as non-contributor). These are based on the principle that similitudes between icing and a given source for a unique tracer do not necessarily imply the source is a parent water, but dissimilitudes suggest the source is not a parent water. The opposite principle (i.e., similitude between icing and a given source does imply the source is a potential parent water) applies when results of many tracers agree with each other, as is the case for the ionic-signature-based principal component analysis (PCA).
The methodological approach is first applied to Watershed B, which is smaller and of lower hydrological complexity than the Upper Duke watershed. Watershed B serves as a proof of concept, and we use it to fix or validate thresholds for secondary methods, such as the analysis of stable water isotopes. Once tested on Watershed B, the methods are then applied to the hydrologically complex Upper Duke watershed.
3.2 Analysis of time-lapse images
TLCs were oriented to target icing formations with the objective of capturing flooding events and possible contributing sources. We installed three TLCs during the summer of 2015 (Fig. 1a). TLC1 was installed above Glacier B's tongue and pointed toward the Glacier B proglacial field, proglacial field icing (Icing PF), and the east-side moraines. TLC2 was installed in the Duke watershed, just above the Duke Glacier margin, and pointed toward the Duke Glacier's proglacial field and the Duke River, where Icing 4 formed. TLC3 was placed just above the proglacial field–alpine meadow border and pointed toward the Duke Glacier's tongue and the upper part of its proglacial field, thus featuring icings 3 and 4. All cameras took four visible colour images per day at 8, 11, 13, and 16 h at 72 dpi.
The visual analysis of TLC images consisted of identifying the timing and the extent of flooding events and snowfalls. In TLC images, flooding events are associated with a darkening or bluing of the white ice and/or snow pixels due to increased water content (e.g., Fig. 2b–d) or with a sudden appearance of bright pixels due to the formation of a reflecting layer on top of a previously low-reflecting one (e.g., Fig. 3b and f). Major snowfall events erase traces of flooding on images by whitening the scene, which facilitates the detection of subsequent floods. TLC time series are occasionally interrupted when snowfalls cover the lenses of the cameras. For each detected flooding event, we listed possible water sources based on the flooding location. The timeline of the detected flooding events was then superimposed on the air temperature time series of an automatic weather station installed on the southwestern shore of the Duke River upstream from the confluence with Stream B (Fig. 1a). This station measured mean hourly air temperatures from 11 July 2015 to 24 June 2017 at a height of 1.5 m above the ground.
3.3 Sample collection
During the field campaign of June 2016, we observed and sampled four icing remnants within the Duke riverbed (Fig. 1a and c) and two in Watershed B (Fig. 1a and b). Two of the icings in the Upper Duke watershed (icings 3 and 4) were situated within the proglacial field and the two others (icings 1 and 2) within the alpine meadow (Fig. 1a and c). Icing varied from 70 to 1980 m in length and from several metres to several hundred metres in width. Ice thickness was estimated to range from 0.5 to 1.5 m. In Watershed B, Icing B stretched along the river and was 60 m long and 10 m wide. The second icing (Icing PF) was situated within the proglacial field next to Glacier B's tongue and had a circular shape ca 40 m in diameter (Fig. 1a and b). All icings were characterized by an alternating sequence of layers of blue bubble-free and white bubble-rich ice, which result from slow and quick freezing of water, respectively (Moorman and Michel, 2000). Icings 1 and 2 had layers of candle ice closer to their tops, suggesting that melt events had already altered the ice (Stachnik et al., 2016). An ice mound, a feature that forms when the top surface layer bulges due to the freezing of water lenses trapped underneath (Alekseyev, 2015; Carey, 1973), was still intact on Icing 4. Overall, 13 icing samples were taken in June 2016 (Fig. 1b, c, Table 1) from supra-icing ponds and/or channels (samples 1.3, 2, 3, 4.2, 4.4, Icing B, and Icing PF), from water dripping from the icing surface (samples 1.2, 4.1, and 4.3), or in the form of ice crystals from one of the icing layers (sample 1.1). Thus, most of the icing samples represent the average signature of all the icing layers.
Over the same period, we sampled all potential contributors to icing formation (Table 1). To make the distinction between the roles of proglacial fields and of alpine meadows in icing formation, samples of potential contributors were categorized as PF or AM, respectively.
In Watershed B, the main glacier was sampled at the edge of its immediate proglacial field. Both west and east lateral ice-cored moraines were sampled from purged boreholes made in the buried ice with a steam drill. Within the west moraine complex, we also sampled a moraine lake situated above the main stream but not visibly connected to it. In the downstream part of the watershed, hillslope tributaries originating from taluses were sampled close to their confluence with the main stream. Finally, we sampled a large tributary fed by the two other glaciers of the same watershed (Fig. 1a).
In the Duke watershed proglacial field, Duke Glacier was sampled from water discharging at the glacier snout. Samples from buried ice formations and kettle lakes were found only in the proglacial field. Another proglacial-field-specific group of sources includes small tributaries with headwaters within the borders of the proglacial field, called PFL tributaries.
Alpine-meadow-specific sources consisted of groundwater and suprapermafrost layer water. The northeastern side of the alpine meadow exhibited permafrost-specific features, such as thaw scars. Several small, disconnected ponds/springs were sampled as suprapermafrost layer water, even though they may include a limited amount of direct precipitation. In this area, digging shallow wells has been impossible due to the presence of ice on the ground. No visible signs of permafrost were observed at the southwestern side of the alpine meadow. Samples taken from the wells on that side, once purged, were therefore identified as groundwater. We acknowledge that these samples may also represent water from the suprapermafrost layer, but we decided to make a distinction between them due to their different sampling locations.
Hillslope tributaries from glacier-free areas (with the headwaters on the valley hillslopes) and streams fed by glaciers were found within both the proglacial field and the alpine meadow (Fig. 1a). The latter were sampled twice: upstream close to the glacier snout and downstream close to the confluence with the Duke River. Finally, we also collected rainwater samples during the field campaign.
All the water samples were taken in a very short period of time following a synoptic sampling strategy (Mark and Seltzer, 2003). Samples were collected into high-density polyethylene plastic bottles. We collected 30 mL for stable water isotope analysis and 50 mL for solute and DOC analyses. Samples for solutes and DOC were filtered using 0.45 µm filters and acidified with three drops of 0.5 M nitric acid in the field. All bottles were filled to the brim, sealed, and kept in the dark at 4 ∘C prior to analysis.
During the 2016 field campaign, we collected three solid-state samples at icings 1 and 3 in the Duke watershed and at Icing B in Watershed B (Fig. 1b and c; Table 1). Cryogenic precipitate is commonly encountered on the icing surface (Lacelle et al., 2009). It is formed when sufficient concentrations of precipitating elements exist in the freezing water (Žák et al., 2008). The production of mineral precipitates in such conditions occurs by solute expulsion during freezing (Bukowska-Jania, 2007; Lacelle et al., 2009; Lauriol et al., 1991; Vogt, 1991). The most common minerals found on the surface of the icings in the melt season are carbonates (CaCO3) and gypsum (CaSO4) (Lacelle et al., 2009). In glacierized catchments, these cryogenic minerals represent a unique archive of the hydrologic conditions that prevailed during their formation (Thomazo et al., 2017). Where we assumed to have located a cryogenic precipitate associated with an icing, we collected about 5 g of the solid and stored it in a sealed 50 mL plastic centrifuge tube.
3.4 Analysis of stable water isotopes
We analyzed water samples for relative concentrations of stable isotopes of oxygen, δ18O, and hydrogen, δD, using cavity ring-down spectrometry (Picarro L2130-i Analyzer; guaranteed instrumental precision is 0.03 ‰ for δ18O and 0.2 ‰ for δD). Both δ18O and δD were expressed in per mil relative to the Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water standard (‰) (Coplen, 1996). The spectrometer was calibrated every 100 samples using six laboratory standards. In addition, we analyzed one standard after every third sample to verify the stability of measurements and eventually perform corrections. Results are presented in the form of δ18O–δD plots, which include local meteoric water line (LMWL) built based on rain samples. Potential sources that plot away from the icing samples are then considered as non-contributing sources. The thresholds applied for this decision are fixed using Watershed B results as a reference.
3.5 Analysis of selected ions
We measured the anion concentrations in the samples (F−, Cl−, and SO) using an ionic chromatographer (Dionex ED50, Thermo Fisher Scientific) that was calibrated every 30 samples using seven standards ranging from 0.005 to 3.2 ppm for F−, from 0.1 to 50 for Cl−, and from 0.2 to 75 for SO. We inserted a standard (0.2 ppm for F−, 0.9 for Cl−, and 1.8 for SO) followed by a blank every three samples to guarantee analytical stability and to correct results from an eventual drift in measurements.
Cationic concentrations (Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, Ag+, Ba2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Mn3+, Si4+, Sr2+, Ti3+, and Zn2+) were measured using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (5110 ICP-OES, Agilent). The spectrometer was calibrated every 23 samples using nine standards ranging from 1 to 40 ppm for Ca2+, Si4+, and Mg2+ for some samples (those with high concentrations) and from 0 to 10 ppm for the other ions. We inserted two standards (10 ppm for Ca2+ and 5 ppm for all other ions) followed by a blank sample every three samples to guarantee analytical stability and to correct results resulting from a drift in measurements.
We investigated connections between samples by conducting a principal component analysis (PCA) on selected tracers. Tracers were selected based on their ability to segregate different sample origins/types in bivariate plots (Baraer et al., 2015). As the hydrochemical signature of the icing samples depends not only on the hydrochemical composition of its parent sources but also on the cryochemical fractionation, we used the relative concentrations of solutes (solute ionic concentrations divided by the sum of all anions [SA−] or all cations [SC+]) instead of absolute concentrations in the PCA (Baraer et al., 2015). For each group of hydrological sources, we added error ellipses that illustrate a 95 % confidence interval assuming Gaussian distribution. After being tested on the Watershed B dataset, PCA diagrams were used in a way that the contribution of a given group of hydrological sources to icing formation is supported if the icing sample plots within the error ellipse of this group.
Alongside PCA, we created conceptual maps of the relative concentrations of dominant ions to identify areas with particularly high concentrations of a given solute. The upper quartile calculated for each selected ion based on its relative concentrations was chosen as a threshold value.
3.6 Analysis of dissolved organic carbon
Water sources originating from permafrost-underlined vegetated terrains are usually characterized by higher concentrations of DOC than the nearby permafrost-free areas due to extended exposure to the organic-reach suprapermafrost layer (Carey, 2003; Ma et al., 2019; MacLean et al., 1999). DOC can, therefore, be seen as a tracer for permafrost-related water sources (e.g., Petrone et al., 2006; Toohey et al., 2016; Yoshikawa et al., 2007). We measured DOC concentrations using an Apollo 9000 combustion analyzer. Three injections were made for each sample, and calibration was done every 20 samples using four standards ranging from 0 to 10 ppm. We analyzed a standard every five samples to assess the stability of the measurements. The detection limit for the analysis was 1 ppm. To avoid false-positive results, the threshold for considering a DOC presence in a sample was fixed at twice the limit of detection. Hydrological sources with less than 2 ppm of DOC are therefore considered to be non-contributors to those icings that exhibit DOC concentrations in their samples over this limit.
3.7 Analysis of solid samples
We applied two methods to determine the chemical composition of solid samples that we assumed were cryogenic precipitates: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) (Niton XL3t GOLDD, Thermo Scientific) and acid digestion followed by anion and cation analysis. All samples were first dried at 110 ∘C for 24 h. For XRF, a smooth and plain pellet was produced out of 2 g of sample using a pellet press. For acid digestion, 1 g of dried sample was mixed with 4 mL of nitric acid (50 %) and 10 mL of hydrochloric acid (20 %) and heated for 2 h at 90 ∘C. The resulting solutions were then analyzed by ICP-OES (see above for the characteristics) for cationic concentrations. We employed both methods to determine the relative abundance of ions. Parent source identification was made by comparing the chemical composition of the samples with the ionic concentrations of water samples from different sources by using the conceptual maps of selected ionic relative concentrations (Sect. 3.5). Hydrological sources that do not present precipitate constituents as dominant elements in their samples are considered to be non-contributors to the icing from which cryogenic precipitates originate.
4.1 Time-lapse image analysis
In Watershed B, we detected episodes of hydrological activity leading to the formation of Icing PF throughout both winter seasons. Icing B was not visible in TLC images. The images showed that the remnants of Icing PF persisted late into the melting season for both years (end of September 2016 and July 2017).
The first winter of the study (2015–2016) was characterized by consistently negative air temperatures between late September and late March, except during two warm events: 25–27 November and 30 December. The first identified flooding event occurred in mid-October (Fig. 4a), and, by the beginning of November, we observed icing formation on the west side of the proglacial field. In general, flooding events over the icing surface occurred mainly in two locations: on the west side until January (e.g., Fig. 2b), where the main glacier outlet stream is observed in the summer, and, from January onwards, most often on the east side of the proglacial field (e.g., Fig. 2c). On two occasions during that season, 16 February and 6 March, flooding occurred next to the west-side lateral moraine, where buried ice is exposed in the summer. On 16 February, we observed a stream forming on the slope of this ice-cored moraine (e.g., Fig. 2d and e). As a small moraine lake is situated at the top of this moraine, this stream could originate either from the lake or from buried ice.
During winter 2016–2017, the air temperature stayed below zero between mid-October and mid-April, apart from warm episodes on 30 December and 2 January (Fig. 4). The icing's extent increased in late fall when the air temperature dropped below zero. By the end of October 2016, an icing had formed on the east side of the proglacial field (Fig. 4b). Unlike the 2015–2016 season, flooding events mostly happened on the east side of the proglacial field before January and on its west side afterward. During the 2016–2017 season, we observed signs of contribution of either the west ice-cored moraine or the moraine lake to icing formation on 26 November and 28 March.
For both winters, the sources identified as potential contributors to icing growth based on TLC images are the main glacier and either the west ice-cored moraine, the moraine lake, or both.
4.2 Stable water isotopes
In the TLC images, we observed that Glacier B contributes to the Icing PF formation (Fig. 4). Based on this finding, we use the distance between samples from Icing PF and Glacier B on the δ18O–δD diagram to form a range from other icing samples in both directions along the LMWL for decision-making on isotopic compatibility between icings and potential parent sources (red arrows on Fig. 5a), in which samples outside of the range are ruled out as potential parent sources. Due to cryogenic fractionation, icings samples and parent source samples can have different isotopic signatures and potentially plot further away from each other on the δ18O–δD diagram (Lacelle, 2011); however, this methodology helps us eliminate potential false-positive results. As a result, the sample from the moraine lake cannot be ruled out as a potential parent source for Icing PF since it plots within the range. The sample from the west ice-cored moraine plots further away from the Icing PF sample, and thus its contribution is not supported. Concerning Icing B, we observe that its sample plots with those of the hillslope tributaries and away from the other tested sources.
4.3 Ionic signatures
The results of ionic concentration analyses are presented in Fig. 5b, which shows the projection of water sample data on the reduced space determined by PCA using Ca2+ ∕ SC+, Mg2+ ∕ SC+, LiNaK+ ∕ SC+, SO ∕ SA−, and Sr2+ ∕ SC+. We chose these tracers based on their ability to cluster icings and different water sources in bivariate plots (Figs. S1 and S2, Supplement). For Watershed B, the first two principal components account for 0.86 of the total variance. Due to the small number of samples, it was not possible to include error ellipses for any group of hydrological sources apart from hillslope tributaries. In the PCA diagram (Fig. 5b), none of the sources plot close to the Icing PF. The sample from Icing B plots within the error ellipse of hillslope tributaries, and thus the analysis of ionic signatures supports the contribution from hillslope tributaries to the Icing B formation. Thus, the use of the 95 % confidence intervals was validated based on the fact that for Icing B, the method provides the same indications as the stable water isotope analysis.
4.4 Dissolved organic carbon
None of the samples taken in Watershed B presented a DOC concentration above the equipment detection limit, making this method non-conclusive for this watershed.
4.5 Solid samples
The solid sample taken on Icing B was brown-grey and, according to both methods, namely XRF and acid digestion, presented high concentrations of Al3+ and Fe3+ (Fig. 6). These elements do not correspond to reported compositions of cryogenic precipitates occurring naturally on the earth (Lacelle et al., 2009). Thus, sampled solids are most likely sediments carried out by parent waters. Unlike for cryogenic precipitates, the relation of these sediments to icing formation cannot be proven. Conversely, high relative concentrations of both Al3+ and Fe3+ are observed in the water sample from the moraine lake, and high relative concentrations of Fe3+ are observed in the hillslope tributary sample just upstream of Icing B (Fig. 6), making these sources possible contributors to the icing formation.
5.1 Time-lapse image analysis
In the Duke watershed, we detected hydrological activity only for icings 3 and 4. In comparison with Watershed B, we identified a larger number of water sources as potential contributors to the formation of these icings. In general, floodings detected by TLC occurred when the air temperature was below zero, and all detected sources were active during both seasons. On occasion, several sources showed activity at the same time (on 29 November or 10 December; Fig. 7a).
In the 2015–2016 season, icings 3 and 4 had formed by the end of November and melted away by the end of July. Due to TLC failure, observations for this season are only available until February. The hydrological activities of Duke Glacier and small glacier Gl2 were detected throughout the observation period (Fig. 7a). The only flooding event associated with the small glacier Gl1 was detected in November. In addition to glaciers, hillslope tributaries s3–s7 appear to be contributing to the growth of icings. Tributaries s5, s6, and s7 are represented by the same circle in Fig. 7 since distinguishing between them based on TLC images in winter conditions was not possible.
The 2016–2017 icings formed at the beginning of November. Icing 3 had melted away by the end of July, and Icing 4 persisted until the end of August (Fig. 7b). In November 2016, icings 3 and 4 appear to make one larger icing. The Duke Glacier and small glaciers Gl1 and Gl2 contribute to icing formation throughout this winter season (Fig. 7b). As for hillslope tributaries, s3 and s4 were active before January, and s5, s6, and s7 showed activity from January onwards (Fig. 7b).
For both winters, the sources identified as potential contributors to Icing 4 growth include the Duke Glacier, streams fed by two small glaciers on the right side of the valley, and two hillslope tributaries on the right side. For Icing 3, potential contributors include three hillslope tributaries on the left side of the valley.
5.2 Stable water isotopes
Figure 8a and c present the results from stable water isotopes for the Duke watershed, in which Fig. 8a shows results for icings and potential sources within the proglacial field, and Fig. 8c shows results for the alpine meadow. Samples from the most upstream icing, Icing 4, plot in the lower part of the δ18O–δD diagram (Fig. 8a). When we use the distance obtained for Watershed B as a reference, we see that hydrological sources, such as the main glacier, buried ice formations, PFL sources, and both glacier-fed tributaries and hillslope tributaries, plot within the range indicated by red arrows for Icing 4 (Fig. 8a) and thus are not ruled out as potential parent sources. For Icing 3, this range includes PFL sources, glacier-fed tributaries, and hillslope tributaries. For alpine meadow Icing 2, glacier-fed and hillslope tributaries plot close to the icing sample, and for Icing 1, in addition to these two groups of sources, samples from groundwater wells also plot within the range formed by the arrows (Fig. 8d).
5.3 Ionic signatures
Figure 8b and d present the results from ionic concentration analyses for the Duke watershed, in which the first two principal components account for 0.85 of the variance. For readability, we split the presentation of the results into two sub-figures: Fig. 8b shows results for icings and potential sources within the proglacial field, and Fig. 8d shows results for icings and potential sources within the alpine meadow. On the PCA diagram, samples from both proglacial field icings, icings 4 and 3, plot within the error ellipses formed by samples from buried ice formations (Fig. 8b), and thus ionic signature analysis supports these formations as parent water sources. For Icing 3, this method also supports moraine lakes as a parent source (Fig. 8b). Alpine meadow Icing 2 is potentially fed by hillslope tributaries, and Icing 1 samples do not appear to be related to any water sources (Fig. 8d). Note that the ionic signature of sample 1.1 was not analyzed since it was taken in the form of ice crystals.
5.4 Dissolved organic carbon
Most of the samples taken from icings have DOC concentrations below the fixed threshold (2 ppm) with two exceptions: sample 1.2 (Icing 1) presents DOC concentrations at 5.9 ppm and sample 2 (Icing 2) at 2.3 ppm. Among potential parent waters, only the samples from the alpine meadow ponds and those taken from groundwater wells have high DOC concentrations: P1 (8.6 ppm), P2 (5.4 ppm), P3 (5.4 ppm), Gw1 (4.0 ppm), and Gw2 (4.3 ppm). The hillslope tributary sample S13, sampled just upstream of the suprapermafrost ponds, also exhibits DOC (2.6 ppm) higher than the 2 ppm threshold. DOC concentrations below the threshold in all other samples suggest that these should be considered non-contributing sources to icing samples 1.2 and 2. Since comparatively highly concentrated DOC has been associated with suprapermafrost layers (O'Donnell et al., 2012; Raudina et al., 2018) and since all of our samples presenting DOC in similarly high concentrations are located in an area where permafrost has been detected, our results support the hypothesis of a suprapermafrost water contribution to icing in this lower section of the upper Duke valley.
5.5 Cryogenic precipitate
Unlike Icing B in Watershed B, the solid sample S3 from Icing 3 was white and presented high amounts of Ca and S when analyzed with XRF and high amounts of Ca2+ and SO upon acid digestion (Fig. 6). Such a composition is characteristic of cryogenic gypsum, the second most common cryogenic mineral found on icings (Lacelle et al., 2009). Figure 6 shows high relative concentrations of Ca2+ in buried ice samples (BI 2 and 3) and in samples from the suprapermafrost ponds (P1–3) on the right side of the alpine meadow. High relative concentrations of SO are observed throughout the proglacial field, apart from samples of hydrological components that are related to the Duke Glacier (i.e., samples from buried ice formations, from Duke Glacier, and on the southwestern side of the alpine meadow). All the above-mentioned sources can potentially reach gypsum saturation during freezing and solute expulsion, except the ones that also show high concentrations of carbonates: buried ice formations and suprapermafrost ponds (Fig. 6). Because the solubility constant of calcite is more than 1000 times lower than that of gypsum (Zarga et al., 2013), cryogenic precipitates from these sources should be made mainly of calcium carbonate. The results, therefore, do not support sources that have relatively high concentrations of carbonates as being the parent water for Icing 3, including the Duke Glacier, since buried ice within the proglacial field is likely made of its remains.
The solid sample collected on Icing 1 was brownish-grey and presented high concentrations of Ca2+ and carbonates (Fig. 6). Figure 6 shows high relative concentrations of carbonates and calcium in the upper part of the proglacial field in water samples from buried ice formations (BI2-5) and on the northeastern side of the alpine meadow in samples of suprapermafrost layer water (P1–3) and hillslope tributaries s13 and s11. The distance from buried ice and these hillslope tributaries makes their contribution to Icing 1 formation highly improbable.
Note: “+” indicates the source is supported as being a contributor to the icing formation, while “–” indicates the source is suggested as being a non-contributor. “n/a” indicates cases where a particular method is not applicable. The last column shows the overall score for each possible source, where for each icing, the maximum positive and negative marks are provided to facilitate the interpretation of scores.
6.1 Identification of parent sources for icing formation
6.1.1 Identification of parent sources based on TLC images
For each studied icing, Table 2 provides a summary of the sources contributing to icing formation based on each method, in which only sources that can physically contribute (i.e., geographically close, not downstream of the icing) to each icing are listed. The results from our primary method, the TLC images, showed contributing water sources for each of the icings that were in a camera's field of vision. We marked these sources as “” in Table 2. The main glaciers in both studied watersheds feed their most proximate icings, icings PF and 4, and glacier-fed tributaries, as well as hillslope tributaries, contribute to the formation of icings 3 and 4. For Icing PF, another contributing source was identified, but images did not allow the differentiation between a buried ice formation and a moraine lake. Thus, we marked both sources with a single “+”. These primary results highlight that multiple sources can contribute to icings growth, even for those that form close to the glacier's tongue. This first finding contrasts with the traditional characterization of icing based on a single contributing source (e.g., Åkerman, 1982; Crites et al., 2020). These results show how important tributaries are in hydrologically complex systems, such as the Upper Duke watershed. There are two types of contributing tributaries: those connected to glaciers and those that are not. The contribution to icing formation of small glaciers, which are situated on the main valley slopes, can be hypothesized to be in the form of either surface discharge or discharge through the ground. The latter would mean that these small glaciers are an important source of aquifer recharge. The contribution from non-glacier-fed hillslope tributaries was observed over long periods of subzero air temperatures (Figs. 4, 7), and thus these tributaries can be considered to be groundwater-fed.
6.1.2 Identification of parent sources based on indirect methods for icings within TLC field of view
We tested four indirect methods to detect parent sources because TLC images do not cover all the observed icings and because hydrological sources may be missed by this method. Noticeably, these indirect methods did not contradict any of the findings from the primary method; none of the indirect methods suggested that the main glacier is not a parent source of the Icing PF or that glacier-fed tributaries and hillslope tributaries are not parent sources of icings 3 and 4. Apart from confirming sources identified by TLC, indirect methods also help detect potential parent sources that were not visible in TLC images. In Watershed B, stable water isotopes support moraine lakes as being contributors to Icing PF but not buried ice formation. Thus, indirect methods help to verify sources observed in TLC images for this icing. In the Duke watershed, for Icing 4, the contribution of buried ice formations is supported by ionic signature analysis and is not ruled out by the analysis of isotopes (Table 2). Regarding Icing 3, not much is brought by the indirect methods. For this icing, the results of the ionic signature analysis and isotopic analysis disagree for sources like buried ice formations and moraine lakes. In particular, buried ice formations are rejected as potential contributors by both the analysis of solid samples and isotope analyses, and thus we can consider their contribution to Icing 3 as being of low probability. None of the indirect methods supported main glacier contribution to Icing 3 formation. This is in agreement with TLC images and suggests that TLCs did not miss any flooding events from the Duke Glacier.
6.1.3 Identification of parent sources based on indirect methods for icings that are not visible in TLC images
In Watershed B, we observe a 100 % agreement between the three methods that were applied to Icing B (Table 2), in which all methods support hillslope tributaries (groundwater-fed) as its unique parent source. These results, however, should be met with caution, as for the analysis of isotopes, we used the distance between the B glacier sample and the Icing PF sample on the δ18O–δD diagram obtained for Watershed B to identify parent sources. In the Duke watershed, the contribution of groundwater-fed hillslope tributaries to the formation of Icing 2 is supported by the analysis of ionic signatures and is not rejected by any other method, and the main stream as a source is not supported by any method (Table 2). When we look at the results for other potential parent sources for Icing 2 and for any source for Icing 1, we see that there is no full agreement between the methods.
6.2 Methodological limits
The use of TLC image analysis as the primary method allowed us to capture major flooding events and identify hydrological sources responsible for those events with a reasonable level of confidence. There are, however, three main drawbacks associated with the TLC images: (1) we found difficulties in differentiating between sources situated close to each other, (2) some flooding events were missed because of snowfall events and shorter daylight hours during the winter, and (3) the contribution of some minor sources was not detectable. In addition, the cameras' limited field of view and the difficulties in finding shooting locations that allow image acquisition throughout the whole year proved to be challenging in complex environments. Finally, harsh winter conditions can be responsible for equipment malfunctions. For instance, due to technical problems, one of the cameras in the Duke watershed stopped working at the end of the 2015–2016 season, thus eliminating the possibility of comparing the number of hydrological events for each identified parent source between seasons (Fig. 7a). The use of indirect methods which are based on natural tracers to support TLC image interpretation was informative in the studied watersheds, as none of these methods contradicted TLC findings. When applied to icings that were not covered by a TLC, these indirect methods showed contrasting results. In the smaller Watershed B, they exhibited good agreement for Icing B, providing a good confidence level in the overall findings. The situation is less straightforward for icings 1 and 2 in the Duke watershed. From a total of 11 potential sources evaluated for these two icings, the full agreement between applied indirect methods was reached only twice (Table 2). This lack of uniformity between the results of different methods partly arises from the underlying assumptions and sampling procedure. All methods that use natural tracers are based on assumptions about the tracer's content conservation across the seasons and about the representativeness of the icing sample, which can rarely be verified. While this assumption is conceptually strong for cryogenic precipitates and DOC, it is less certain for stable water isotopes and ionic signatures. We can only use the analysis of cryogenic precipitates and DOC when these properties were detected in icing samples. Thus, the results from these analyses have a lower weight in the decision matrix presented in Table 2 compared to results from the isotopes and the ionic signature analyses. In addition, the four indirect methods used are highly dependent on the sampling strategy. This is illustrated by two icings that have been sampled at multiple points, such as icings 4 and 1; both icings show variability in isotopic and ionic signatures among their samples.
Finally, while the use of indirect methods helped to account for the spatial variability of hydrological components responsible for icing formation, these methods did not provide information about the temporal variability of hydrological activity. Here, despite being unable to give a general picture of sources that remain active all winter long, the analysis of solids and DOC helped to provide indications about parent sources in specific cases, such as the contribution of the suprapermafrost layer water.
6.3 Findings on winter hydrological processes and implications for baseflow trends in the upper Duke River valley
All methods agree on the hydrological activity of glaciers throughout the winter in both the B and Duke watersheds. The Duke Glacier is a polythermal glacier (Flowers et al., 2014; Wilson et al., 2013), and the formation of icings has been commonly associated with this type of glacier in the Canadian Arctic (Moorman and Michel, 2000; Wainstein et al., 2008), Greenland (Yde and Knudsen, 2005), and Svalbard (Bukowska-Jania and Szafraniec, 2005; Hambrey, 1984; Sobota, 2016; Stachnik et al., 2016; Wadham et al., 2000; Yde et al., 2012). The contribution of the Duke Glacier to icing formation detected in the present study confirms that polythermal glaciers are hydrologically active during the winter. Glacier B is also active during winter, but its thermal regime had not yet been categorized. The contribution to icing formation from tributaries connected to small glaciers situated on valley slopes was not expected because these glaciers are visually thin and, therefore, probably freeze to their base (Wilson et al., 2013). Thus, the exact nature of the discharge in these tributaries should be further studied to better understand their winter activity.
Winter hydrological activity of non-glacier-fed hillslope tributaries has been identified at more than half of the icing locations. This highlights the role of groundwater discharge in the winter hydrological system even within the proglacial field, which could have been anticipated to be hydrologically inactive during the winter (Cooper et al., 2011).
Another type of hydrological activity in studied watersheds is related to the presence of permafrost. In Alaska and the Canadian Arctic, most of the studied icings have been shown to be fed by sub-permafrost water (Hu and Pollard, 1997; Kane and Slaughter, 1973; Kane, 1981; Pollard, 2005; Yoshikawa et al., 2007), and several studies that addressed water provenance for icing formation in regions with continuous and discontinuous permafrost explicitly concluded that suprapermafrost water does not participate in icing formation (Kane, 1981, in central Alaska, USA; Veillette and Thomas, 1979, in NWT, Canada; Yoshikawa et al., 2007, in Brooks Range, Alaska, USA). In this study, the results summary provided in Table 2 does not allow us to make a conclusion about the role of suprapermafrost layer water in icing growth. However, DOC results taken independently can shed some light. In particular, samples from alpine meadow icings 1 and 2 exhibit higher DOC concentrations. Among potential sources, suprapermafrost ponds, groundwater wells, and one hillslope tributary also exhibit DOC concentrations above the threshold. Interestingly, this hillslope tributary was sampled in the vicinity of the suprapermafrost ponds, suggesting that this tributary is at least partly fed by the suprapermafrost layer water. The potential contribution of suprapermafrost layer water to icing formation is also supported by the analysis of the cryogenic precipitate. As previously observed, icings fed by suprapermafrost water typically stop growing before the end of the winter when the water stored in the suprapermafrost layer is exhausted (e.g., Pollard, 2005). In the absence of TLC covering alpine meadows, it is impossible to say if discharge from the suprapermafrost layer happens throughout the winter or only at the beginning of the winter season.
While suggested by some methods, the activity of hydrological sources such as buried ice formations and moraine lakes for Icing PF and Icing 4 is impossible to confirm in the absence of DOC in samples from these groups, as well as of cryogenic precipitates on the icings.
The multi-source and distributed hydrological system described above will potentially respond to a further warming climate by sustaining the increase in winter baseflow in the Upper Duke watershed. The contribution of small glaciers to winter baseflow, supported by our results, should lead to a future increase in winter baseflow. Liljedahl et al. (2016) suggested for Tanana River, Alaska, that ubiquitous glacier mass loss leads to a continuous supply of meltwater, which is partly used for aquifer recharge. At the Upper Duke watershed, this recharge could enhance permafrost thaw by heat advection, thus simultaneously increasing aquifer storage capacity (Lamontagne-Hallé et al., 2018; McKenzie and Voss, 2013). As a result, actual glacier retreat should lead to an increase in groundwater discharge during the winter season.
An increase in suprapermafrost layer thickness in response to the changing climate should lead to the increased storage capacity of an aquifer, which in turn can also lead to increased winter discharge (Ge et al., 2011; Toohey et al., 2016). In addition, the formation of taliks activates the groundwater system which is otherwise shut down during the winter season (Lamontagne-Hallé et al., 2018; Pomortscev et al., 2010). Our results show that suprapermafrost layer water is a probable source of icing formation, and therefore it is reasonable to suggest that the observed permafrost thaw in the region (Smith et al., 2015) can contribute to the increased winter discharge in the region.
Similarly, under increasing temperatures, the water storage capacity of an aquifer can increase due to delayed freeze-up (Rennermalm et al., 2010; Yang et al., 2002), and thus groundwater-fed hillslope tributaries can be expected to contribute more to the winter baseflow.
Finally, the moraine lake contribution to winter discharge will most likely increase in a warming climate. Moorman (2003) and Wainstein et al. (2014) in Bylot Island, Canada, concluded that marginal glacier lakes did not freeze entirely over the winter and kept releasing water all year long through taliks. The increase in talik formations expected in response to the changing climate should thus enhance the contribution of moraine lakes to winter discharge.
Based on our results and the existing literature, we can anticipate that most of the sources that we detected as hydrologically active during the winter and contributing to baseflow should exhibit positive feedback to climate change in the upper Duke River valley.
Icings form from hydrological sources that remain active during the winter, and we therefore used them to chronicle winter hydrological processes in the upper Duke River valley, a remote subarctic watershed. The use of TLC images coupled with the natural-tracer-based analysis of water and icing samples taken at the end of the winter season revealed valuable information that can be used to understand complex hydrological systems. We explored isotopic, ionic, and DOC concentrations within samples of icing meltwater and of solids removed from deposits on icing remnants and compared them to those of potential hydrological parent sources.
The results show that it is possible to identify hydrological sources that remain active during the winter by studying icing formation and to depict a complex, distributed contribution of different sources to studied icings. As expected, icings forming next to a main glacier terminus are fed by glacier meltwater. However, even in the vicinity of the glaciers, traces of non-glacier-related water sources, such as groundwater-fed hillslope tributaries, buried ice formations, and moraine lakes, have been found. With increasing distance downstream from the main glaciers, the contribution from groundwater-fed and small-glacier-fed tributaries is more pronounced and becomes a major source for icing formation in the alpine meadow section of the watershed. Some hillslope tributaries within the alpine meadow seem to be fed by suprapermafrost layer water.
Even though Watershed B is a small, highly glacierized catchment, it seems that the sources contributing to icing formation, and thus the winter hydrological processes occurring there, are comparable to those present in the longer and wider Upper Duke watershed. However, the Duke watershed shows a larger variety of sources as potential components of winter runoff. The comparison between Watershed B and the Duke watershed shows that the size of the watershed does not affect the spatial patterns of winter runoff generation, but a larger watershed is more complex, and its sources are therefore more diverse.
Our multi-technique approach provided important information about the water sources active during the winter season in the headwaters of a glacierized catchment. Our findings, in the context of a ubiquitous increase in winter discharge in cold regions, show that the investigation of icing formations can help overcome the lack of direct groundwater observations in remote environments and generate new insights about winter runoff trends.
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
The supplement related to this article is available online at: https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4145-2020-supplement.
AC and MB designed the research. AC, MB, and ÉB collected data in the field. AC performed chemical analysis of samples and data analysis and wrote the initial draft of the paper. All authors contributed to editing and revising the paper.
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
We want to acknowledge that this research was conducted on the traditional territory of Kluane First Nation, and we are thankful for their support. We are also grateful for help from Parks Canada. Finally, we are thankful for the thorough and constructive comments of the two reviewers, Olga Makarieva and Tim Ensom, and the TC associate editor, Peter Morse, who helped to considerably improve the paper.
This research has been supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, the École de technologie supèrieure, a constituent of the Université du Québec network, the Geochemistry and Geodynamics Research Centre (GEOTOP) of Quebec, and the Polar Continental Shelf Program.
This paper was edited by Peter Morse and reviewed by Olga Makarieva and Tim Ensom.
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Albany: Meaning and Definition of
Pronunciation: (ôl'bu-nē), [key]
- a city in and the capital of New York, in the E part, on the Hudson. 101,727.
- a city in SW Georgia. 73,934.
- a city in W Oregon. 26,546.
- a seaport in SW Australia: resort. 15,222.
- a city in W California, on San Francisco Bay. 15,130.
- a river in central Canada, flowing E from W Ontario to James Bay. 610 mi. (980 km) long.
- albany (Thesaurus) | <urn:uuid:d4f9c35a-93bb-4073-90af-158d97b7a2f5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.infoplease.com/dictionary/albany | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.667143 | 158 | 2.234375 | 2 |
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Strategic Marketing Plan Objective Question
BU 220 Strategic Marketing Plan
Strategic Marketing Plan Objective:
The objective of this assignment is to create a viable strategic marketing plan using the various concepts from the course including how to conduct an internal and external analysis of the industry, competitive analysis, and understand the marketing mix in order to devise a strong strategic marketing plan for an organization. The analysis of controls and marketing actions programs will be assessed as well.
Strategic Marketing Plan Description:
This project is divided into two parts. Part one will be due in Week 5 and the final project is due in Week 6. You will receive feedback for your week 5 paper. Be sure to review the feedback and apply it to your final submission for week 6. You will use your New Shoes Simulation company for this assignment. Ensure that you use the research and attain information from the simulation as well as from outside sources to ensure that your project is complete. Use this assignment as an opportunity to get creative and create a unique approach to Marketing for your company. Your marketing plan should be 7-9 pages in length (see the minimum length requirements for each section listed below). Ensure that you include scholarly support throughout the plan and that your work is APA formatted. Use the rubrics and template to assist with your successful completion of the plan.
Week 5 Expectations:
Marketing Plan Section I: Situation Analysis (Internal and Environmental Analysis)
· The Internal analysis (background research, company history and product – ½ page)
· Market Description (competitor’s analysis- share a description of your competitors and their strategy- ½ page)
· Current Marketing Mix Description/Situation ( Existing Product, Price, Distribution, Promotion based on the simulation)- ¾ page
· Product- explain the product and what the product line has to offer
· Price- includes the selling price and a pricing strategy (value added, competition based, market skimming, etc.)
· Promotion- explain the promotional tools which are currently being used such as advertising, personal selling, public relations, sales promotions, etc.
· Place (Distribution) – explain how the product is currently distributed (retail, wholesale, etc.)
· The Environmental analysis (SWOT- Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats)
· Provide 2 points of discussion for each component of the SWOT
· Examples- weak packaging/branding compared to competition, lack of online presence, promotions are not effective
· Identify the weaknesses and opportunities and create your plan based on these challenges (1page)
Marketing Plan Section II:
· Objectives and issues: at least 2 objectives (specific and measurable)
· At least 1 sentence for each objective
· Must be measurable
· Examples include:
· Increase product awareness by 15% among the new target audience identified within one year through direct mail and email advertising
· Increase sales of the product by 15% through Internet distribution and in store promotions within one year
· Marketing Strategy:
Branding- explain how the product will be branded, what branding strategy will be used?
Positioning- share how the product will be viewed compared to the competition
Target Market (Market Segmentation) – explain how you will divide the target audience
into several markets and how you will market to each segment specifically (1 page)
Week 6 Expectations:
Add the following information to the week 5 submission-
Section III: Your NEW proposed Marketing Mix for your New Shoes company
· NEW Proposed Marketing Mix (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) ¾ page
· Product- Please explain what changes you would like to make to the current product and/or the product line. Will a new product be added? If not, will you change any features/benefits/packaging/labeling? What other changes will be made to differentiate from competitors?
· Price- Please explain the NEW pricing strategy (if any) and justify why the pricing strategy changed. Be specific on what the new prices are going to be.
· Promotions- Discuss which promotional tools (advertising, personal selling, sales promotions, public relations) you are going to use, and why. How are you changing the company’s previous promotional strategy to meet the objectives that you created in this marketing plan?
· Place (Distribution) – Please describe the new distribution strategy and explain the rationale. (ie- planning to sell online because you do not currently have online presence and the biggest competitor does, opening in more retail locations, etc.) You do not need to change the distribution strategy if it is currently working.
· Marketing Action Programs
· In Week 5, the two marketing objectives were set. As an example, if your objective was to “Increase product awareness by 15% among the new target audience identified within one year through direct mail and email advertising” then the action plan might include some the following questions:
What will be done?
Who will be responsible?
How much will it cost?
When will it be completed? (½ page)
· How will progress of this plan be monitored to review implementation results? This is essential to allow higher management to assess what is/is not successful during the plan. What would the company do if they are not meeting the objectives that were set? What might be offered to customers if the new changes are not working? ( ½ page)
· Conclusion ( ¾ page)
· Executive Summary (belongs at the beginning and summarizes the entire plan- 1page) | <urn:uuid:fc7fcf73-ae68-44dd-89dd-a39adccb183c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://qualitypaperpro.com/strategic-marketing-plan-objective-question/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.92542 | 1,139 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Cardiff University will be home to one of six UK centres aimed at finding new ways to diagnose and treat dementia.
£13m will go to the university, with the potential for another £17m in the next five years.
Up to 60 scientific researchers will be employed in Cardiff by 2022.
Prof Julie Williams, the centre's lead, said dementia could follow in the footsteps of cancer research and "reap the benefits" of therapies brought about by significant investment.
This UK Dementia Research Institute (DRI) Centre is set to be the biggest investment Wales has ever received for scientific study into the disease.
It is part of a £250m initiative, funded by the Medical Research Council, Alzheimer's Society and Alzheimer's Research UK.
Prof Bart De Strooper, director of the UK DRI, said centres were chosen on the basis of "innovative, excellent science".
Prof Williams said: "We've identified 30 genes in the last seven years that increase your risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
"What's exciting about this centre is that we can now take that information forward, find out the disease mechanisms and produce treatments and preventative therapies for the future."
The university's Hadyn Ellis building will house the centre and the research aims to identify and treat the disease at an earlier stage.
Prof Valentina Escott-Price, a data analyst at Cardiff University, said: "I think for those people with dementia, we can give hope.
"I think our research will help to design drugs. To cure, or to fix the problem, there's a long way to go, but just to modify, to slow down the progression, that we could help with."
Living with dementia
Karen Kitch, 54, from Llanharry, Rhondda Cynon Taff, was diagnosed with early onset dementia in 2014.
"There's nothing he [the doctor] could tell me. He couldn't tell me how long before I was into the final part of my journey, how it was going to be through the process because he told me it was an individual disease.
"I had to stop work. I was on quite a good wage, so that disappeared overnight.
"Financially we nearly lost the house because we couldn't keep up with all of the payments because all of the money had gone and it took about six months for the benefits to be sorted out.
"I've done a degree in literature, I don't read any more because I start reading and I read so far and I put it down and I come back the next day and I've forgotten what I've read.
"Research is fantastic, it's really needed. I don't think it will be for my time but it will be for my children, or for my grandchildren... and if by that time they can find a cure, that would make me happy." | <urn:uuid:1763bb7e-022a-4b11-87e5-6d0f2ec374d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-39646667 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.971527 | 595 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Earlier this week, McDonald’s corporation announced that it will adapt its menu to be more in line with the growing diet and health awareness trend, according to The New York Times. With skyrocketing childhood obesity rates, fast food chains such as Burger King, Subway, and McDonald’s have put a new emphasis on healthier food options. McDonald’s says it will cease marketing the more unhealthy options to children and instead offer nutritious alternatives such as fruit and veggies. New menu combos for adults will also feature fruits and vegetables. The goal, says McDonald’s chief executive, Don Thompson, is “to leverage our scale and size and marketing prowess to be able to influence more purchases of fruits and vegetables.” Menu additions include smoothies, whole-grain oatmeal, and salads. | <urn:uuid:c72948ad-2aa7-4b9f-9151-fcd5d545d189> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vegnews.com/2013/9/mcdonalds-announces-shift-to-healthier-options | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.92732 | 163 | 1.96875 | 2 |
HELP Congo gives long-term care to chimpanzees rescued from the illegal wildlife trade, the bushmeat trade, and other cruelty. Furthermore, HELP Congo was the first facility in the world to successfully reintroduce chimpanzees back to the wild. Visit Website.
Species cared for:
Interested in Visiting or Volunteering?
HELP Congo welcomes volunteers coming for both short and longer terms. Eco-volunteers help facilitate the smooth running of camp life (cleaning, cooking, various chores) and various activities on site (chimpanzees care, planting, building, etc.) under the direction of camp leaders.
TBD based on visitor availability. | <urn:uuid:da525fab-0d3f-4eab-b7d3-788ce4e6f463> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pasa.org/project/help-congo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.903102 | 166 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Cover crops can improve water quality, sequester atmospheric carbon and promote pollinators and beneficial insects.
These Ecosystem Services from Cover Crops resources look at the impacts of cover crops on water quality, carbon sequestration, wildlife, pollinators and other ecosystem services. The resource series contains five “Cover Crop Facts” publications, three infographics and one water quality slide set.
This 16-page bulletin will help you use cover crops to encourage populations of pollinators and beneficial insects on your farm while you address your other resource concerns. Download File (840.79 kB) | Online Text Version
While managed colonies of European honey bees are most frequently used for crop pollination, wild or native bees commonly provide the same pollination services for ‘free’ without the costs of renting or maintaining honey bee hives.Download File (382.18 kB)
This chapter from Manage Insects on Your Farm describes how to use cover crops, hedgerows, reduced tillage and other strategies to support native pollinators and beneficial insects.
Dig deeper into cover crops research: SARE has funded hundreds of research and education projects related to cover crops since 1988. This topic room features only a glimpse into SARE's entire portfolio of cover crop research. To discover more, visit SARE's database of projects and conduct full text or advanced keyword searches. | <urn:uuid:3f8e2a31-e43b-4436-855f-dc6b4092dad0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sare.org/publications/cover-crops/environmental-impacts/?tid=4 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.871888 | 278 | 3.078125 | 3 |
A way to teach and learn that challenges students to add their talents to knowledge and skills acquired in the classroom to investigate and meet real community needs – locally and globally.
Service-learning connects school-based curriculum with the inherent caring and concern young people have for their world – whether on their school campus, at a local food bank, or in a distant rain forest. The results are memorable, lifelong lessons for students and foster a stronger society for us all.
Select an Issue that is important to you. Identify and learn about community needs and problems that are connected to the issue. Brainstorm and select a way to address the need and make an impact
Gather a planning team. Create a project goals and a method to track progress. Write a project plan with tasks and timelines. Once you create a strategy for change, put your plan into action.
Implement your project plan. Document your activity. Measure, track and record project outcomes.
Reflect on how you connect with what you are learning and doing. After you become aware of how the project impacted you and how you impacted the community, share your project experience.
Share outcomes and highlights and teach others how to replicate your project. Celebrate your success and thank all supporters. Make plans to continue or expand your project.
Who are Refugees?
People who have suffered human rights abuses and been forced to flee their homes.
People who have crossed into another country to seek safety from persecution.
People who if they return home would face possible death, torture or violence.
People who would return home as soon as they could, but cannot because they fear for their lives.
Normal people - men, women and children forced to take desperate measures to save their lives
Source: Amnesty International (Australia) www.amnesty.org.au
Data from the State Department's WRAPSnet database shows that 27,500 refugees refugees resettled in the U.S. in calendar 2019, compared to 96,874 in 2016; a State Department spokesperson confirmed that the agency regards these numbers as up-to-date and accurate. For its part, Wisconsin welcomed 480 refugees in 2019 — the lowest number since 2008, and a dramatic decrease from 1,877 arrivals in 2016, and greater by percentage than the national drop.
Find one article using one of the listed resources, identifying a challenge facing refugees within our communities.
Useful sample keywords:
Refugees AND Afghanistan; Afghanistan AND child marriage;
After your initial search, review the Global Refugee Needs Handout and identify additional specific needs within these categories.
For example, tutoring can be a way to assist with a need within the Education Category
How can you best assist with the needs identified?
Use the examples listed below to discover student service learning projects that have met the needs of their community members. | <urn:uuid:ab232f33-2e66-4d38-90f2-990f921068dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://guides.library.uwm.edu/visiting/Servicelearning | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.945243 | 583 | 3.34375 | 3 |
NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training - Advanced Life Support
Purdue University will head a center to develop "advanced life support" technologies for sustaining human colonies on Mars and elsewhere in space. Purdue received a $10 million, five-year grant to lead the NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training for Advanced Life Support. The center will include 24 researchers from Purdue and two historically black universities, Alabama A&M in Normal, Ala., and Howard in Washington, D.C.
A group of faculty across departments within the School of Agriculture who carry out research and technology outreach programs focused on the introduction of new and unique crops and plant products including those appropriate to the fields of horticulture, agronomy, and forestry. | <urn:uuid:8d40244d-e126-49ad-9182-ed4d9e98f53e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sp2013.ag.itap.purdue.edu/hla/Hort/Pages/ResearchCenters.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.921054 | 152 | 2.203125 | 2 |
|국가/구분||United States(US) Patent 등록|
|발명자 / 주소|
|출원인 / 주소|
|인용정보||피인용 횟수 : 23 인용 특허 : 0|
A thermally activated case venting safety apparatus is used to minimize the potential for detonation of a warhead or other encased explosive when such item is subjected to excessive thermal environments. An aft end closure plate to a warhead casing is secured using an expandable snap ring with a temperature activated releasing mechanism. The snap ring is expanded using a caliper device with an adjustable slide assembly which adjust the snap ring to the required dimensions. An eutectic solder plug or similar plug is attached to the bottom base of the adju...
A case venting safety apparatus for a warhead that provides for case venting in high temperature environments which comprises: a casing for said warhead having an aft end, said aft end defining an opening; a closure plate dimensioned to fit snugly in said opening of said aft end of said casing; and a retractable thermally reactive means for removably securing said closure plate to said casing. | <urn:uuid:65e572ad-2455-4395-abd6-2030b865ebc1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scienceon.kisti.re.kr/srch/selectPORSrchPatent.do?cn=USP1992105155298&dbt=USPA | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.882709 | 397 | 1.773438 | 2 |
It was reported that the radiation-sensitive Medaka mutant "ric1" has a defect in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by γ-rays during early embryogenesis. To study the cellular response of a ric1 mutant to ionizing radiation (IR), we established the mutant embryonic cell lines RIC1-e9, RIC1- e42, RIC1-e43. Following exposure to γ-irradiation, the DSBs in wild-type cells were repaired within 1 h, while those in RIC1 cells were not rejoined even after 2 h. Cell death was induced in the wild-type cells with cell fragmentation, but only a small proportion of the RIC1 cells underwent cell death, and without cell fragmentation. Although both wild-type and RIC1 cells showed mitotic inhibition immediately after γ- irradiation, cell division was much slower to resume in the wild-type cells (20 h versus 12 h). In both wild-type and RIC1 cells, Ser139 phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) foci were formed after γ-irradiation, however, the γH2AX foci disappeared more quickly in the RIC1 cell lines. These results suggest that the instability of γH2AX foci in RIC1 cells cause an aberration of the DNA damage response. As RIC1 cultured cells showed similar defective DNA repair as ric1 embryos and RIC1 cells revealed defective cell death and cell cycle checkpoint, they are useful for investigating DNA damage responses in vitro.
- Cell cycle checkpoint
- DNA repair
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis | <urn:uuid:6fb5b8f3-3ecc-4f8c-b0d9-1781a50edc1e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tohoku.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/cell-lines-derived-from-a-medaka-radiation-sensitive-mutant-have- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.94308 | 390 | 2.1875 | 2 |
- 1 Why are chromosomes important to your cells?
- 2 Where are chromosomes located in a cell and what are they composed of what important function do they perform?
- 3 What is the importance of chromosomes in our body?
- 4 Where and how are chromosomes found state their significance?
- 5 Why are chromosomes important in meiosis?
- 6 Why are chromosomes important for mitosis quizlet?
- 7 What is the role of the chromosomes in the cell nucleus?
- 8 Where are chromosomes located B what are they composed of?
- 9 Which is the most important chromosome?
- 10 How are chromosomes formed state the significance?
Why are chromosomes important to your cells?
The fundamental importance of chromosomes is that they contain DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, the substance that contains every organism's genetic code. When a cell divides, its chromosomes must first replicate. Cells divide in two basic ways – mitosis and meiosis.
Where are chromosomes located in a cell and what are they composed of what important function do they perform?
Chromosomes are located in nucleus of every cell.lt is composed of tightly coiled DNA which cover histones.It carries genetic informations in the form of gene.
What is the importance of chromosomes in our body?
Each chromosome carries instructions for making many different proteins. The chromosomes are the actual hereditary factors. It is the genes on your chromosomes which determine all sorts of things about you-like colour,your eyes,or hair. Each species of organism has its own number and variety of genes.
Where and how are chromosomes found state their significance?
Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of the cell. They carry genes and help in inheritance or transfer of characters from parents to offspring.
Why are chromosomes important in meiosis?
Because meiosis creates cells that are destined to become gametes (or reproductive cells), this reduction in chromosome number is critical — without it, the union of two gametes during fertilization would result in offspring with twice the normal number of chromosomes!
Why are chromosomes important for mitosis quizlet?
Why are chromosomes important for mitosis? Chromosomes are the form of the genetic material of a cell during cell division. It is this coiled structure that ensures proper segregation of the chromosomes during cell division. During other phases of the cell cycle, DNA is not coiled into chromosomes.
What is the role of the chromosomes in the cell nucleus?
Chromosomes are thread-like structures in which DNA is tightly packaged within the nucleus. DNA is coiled around proteins called histones, which provide the structural support. Chromosomes help ensure that DNA is replicated and distributed appropriately during cell division.
Where are chromosomes located B what are they composed of?
chromosomes are located in the nucleus. they are composed of chromatin which is made up of DNA . chromatin is a material made up of DNA which is genetic material .
Which is the most important chromosome?
Over the years, Y underwent major inversions to prevent the exchange of genetic materials with Chromosome X so that this mechanism was not disrupted.
How are chromosomes formed state the significance?
In the nucleus the DNA is loosely arranged in the nucleus and is known as chromatin. During cell division, the chromatin coils tightly around the proteins called histones to form structures called nucleosomes. The nucleosomes super coil to form the condensed DNA known as chromosomes.]]> | <urn:uuid:96749fe6-4d62-47f7-a16a-131d95503958> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ambrosiospa.com/where-are-chromosomes-located-in-a-cell-how-are-they-important-to-us/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.964945 | 717 | 3.84375 | 4 |
The objectives sought by a particular piece of legislation are usually set out in the preamble. Yet, what happens when a law has multiple objectives that may seemingly conflict with one another? We discuss this matter in relation to the South African Competition Act of 1998.
The preamble of the Competition Act is long and quite expository. For our purposes, we will focus on the objective of creating free markets where consumers can freely choose and the objective of restraining certain anti-competitive trade practices.
In a case brought against SAA by Comair, the former was said to have abused its dominance in the domestic market through its trade practice of offering special perks to travel agents who freely chose their airline. This practice of inducing travel agents away from other airlines by offering perks was found by the Competition Tribunal to be an abuse of dominance and thus anti-competitive.
A trade practice that can be restricted therefore, is not necessarily a criminal act, but rather is a nonviolent or non-forceful act or an act aiming to ensure business success.
SAA was found to be unjustly dominant or to have abused its dominance by the Commission Tribunal since it was freely chosen by consumers, namely travel agents, in a market where they could have otherwise chosen Comair or any other company. The objective of markets that enable free choice seems to have clashed with the objective of requiring the restriction of anti-competitive trade practices.
Which objective from the preamble means more? Why should an objective mean more if it comprises substantive provisions? As stated, the objectives, goals or ends sought by laws are important. As a rule of good jurisprudence, a law should stick to what it was created for: the problems it was drafted to solve or help adjudicate.
Therefore, in interpreting the provisions of the Competition Act, it becomes important to contextualise them within certain ends which were envisaged by the legislature when the law was passed, those ‘ends’ being stated in the preamble or long title.
It’s not unusual to see legislation which was drafted for one reason being used for a variety of other reasons. Therefore, one must look for help at the objectives of the law in its long title or preamble, so as to clarify what actual problems the law seeks to solve and what it aims to achieve.
With our problem of conflicting values, sound jurisprudence implores us to interpret law in a manner that would not give rise to it contradicting itself. [Therefore, I would posit that there ought to be a singular overriding objective.
The overriding end sought by competition law domestically and internationally is open markets where consumer choice is the dominating factor. The preamble of the Competition Act, which mentions market concentration under the previous administrations in South Africa, states that the purpose of the legislation is to facilitate consumer choice.
State-enforced concentration in markets inhibits or distorts choice. The legislation seeks to widen the free choice of South African consumers. That is the context under which the restriction of so called anti-competitive trade practices must be understood. Widening consumer choice as a broad principle promotes efficient and effective markets as well as effective participation in international markets. All the principles in the preamble of the Competition Act ought to be understood as benefiting consumers.
An overriding objective would be to present a singular standard against which businesses can measure the various actions that may concern competition authorities. If the general objective of promoting consumer choice is observed in everything from mergers to trade practices, then the certainty necessary in the rule of law would be present.
This is not a magic bullet to solve the myriad of problems in competition law. It is an introduction to a case for a more sensible and sound interpretation of competition legislation. The Rule of Law needs certainty and is opposed to arbitrariness. Therefore, when objectives of the same legislation can be interpreted in diametrically opposite ways, there is a problem.
The widening of consumer choice and the consequence of respecting those choices as a unifying objective of the legislation ought to be encouraged, if only to enrich our competition law jurisprudence.
The views expressed in the article are the author’s and not necessarily those of the Daily Friend or the IRR. | <urn:uuid:079a90c1-bfeb-493c-a91f-dad4ae745576> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dailyfriend.co.za/2022/08/05/what-does-competition-law-in-south-africa-seek-to-achieve/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.959093 | 862 | 2.5 | 2 |
As a cat grows, its nutritional requirements are bound to change. They cant keep eating the same food they did as a kitten. If you are a feline owner, remember that the right kind of food is really important for your cat. Cats may get settled in a home with you but they are natural hunters. That is the reason they require meat in their meal. Purina Felix cat food is always made of high-quality ingredients that are healthy and delicious.
The Felix As Good As It Looks Doubly Delicious Mixed Selection is formulated with the perfect combination of vitamins and minerals. This multipack of 12 contains beef & poultry, herring & trout, saithe & salmon, and chicken & kidney. These dishes prove to be beneficial for your cats as they are rich in all the essential nutrients. They contain animal protein which is a natural source of amino acids. One such amino acid is taurine that supports good vision and a healthy heart.
Every serving of Felix cat food is a good source of Omega fatty acids that keep your cats skin healthy and coat glossy. Made of 100% natural ingredients; the food does not include artificial colours, flavours or preservatives. You can give the 100g packs of Purina cat food depending on its activity level and weight. If your cat weighs 4kg, it can eat around 3 to 4 pouches daily. Always ensure that the food is served at room temperature along with fresh drinking water.
Product Dimensions: 19.2 (D) x 14.5 (W) x 9.8 (H)
Meat And Animal Derivatives, Beef (4%), Poultry (4%), Chicken (4%), Kidney (4%), Fish And Fish Derivatives (4%), Saithe (4%), Salmon (4%), Herring (4%), Trout (4%), Minerals, Various Sugars
Cu(E4) (2.8), E499 (2 600), Fe(E1) (25.5), I(E2) (0.32), Mn(E5) (5.0), Vit A (725), Vit D3 (110), Vit E (16), Zn(E6) (40)
Moisture (80%), Protein (13%), Fat Content (3%), Crude Ash (2%), Crude Fibres (1%), Linoleic Acid (Omega 6 Fatty Acids)
|Pet Age||Pet Weight||Grams Per Day|
We want to make sure that your parcel gets to you and your pet as quickly as possible.
Typically orders are taking between 1-3 working days to be dispatched. There may be occasions such as a stock availability issue or high orders volumes where your delivery may not arrive within 5 working days.
You must order before 12pm for our 1-2 business day(s) express and 2-3 business days standard shipping.1-2 business day(s) express and 2-3 business days standard delivery is from dispatch from our warehouse. Most orders placed before 12pm will be dispatched the same day.
DELIVERY TO REPUBLIC OF IRELAND CURRENTLY SUSPENDED: Due to the current situation, our carriers are not making deliveries to the Republic of Ireland. Because of this, we are unable to offer delivery for the time being. We will update the site when this changes.
|UK Standard 2-3 business days (order before 12pm) for orders over £35||Free|
|UK Standard 2-3 business days Delivery (order before 12pm)||£1.99|
|UK Express1-2 business day(s) Delivery (order before 12pm)||£2.99|
|Northern Ireland Standard Delivery||£7.99|
|Republic of Ireland Standard Delivery - CURRENTLY UNAVAILABLE||CURRENTLY UNAVAILABLE|
|Isle of Wight Standard Delivery||£13.99|
|Scottish Highlands Standard Delivery||£13.99|
|Isle of Man Standard Delivery||£16.99|
|Channel Islands Standard Delivery||£16.99|
Free UK delivery is only applicable for mainland UK addresses, delivery charges will still apply for Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland, Isle of Wight, Scottish Highlands, Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
We are pleased to announce that Click & Collect is now available across all our stores. | <urn:uuid:de9fb9a8-9e5a-46a2-b294-22b2cb13adb2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jollyes.co.uk/felix-as-good-as-it-looks-doubly-delicious-mixed-selection-12-x-100g.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.890327 | 946 | 1.679688 | 2 |
To celebrate the Queen’s 70 years of service, the Royal Life Saving Society UK (RLSS UK) has developed the Platinum Jubilee Medallion in celebration of Her Majesty’s historic reign. You can achieve the medallion at your local lifesaving club or leisure provider PTP Coaching.
RLSS UK is a national charity, formed in 1981, and the leading provider of lifesaving and lifeguarding training, and water safety education in the UK.
Just last year, Her Majesty The Queen shared her own memories of achieving her lifesaving qualification as a young girl, during a video call with the Royal Life Saving Society. The Queen became the first young person in the Commonwealth to achieve the Society’s Junior Respiration Award, providing an example to young people and helping establish lifesaving and resuscitation qualifications across the Commonwealth. During the interview, Her Majesty said: “I didn’t realise I was the first one - I just did it, and had to work very hard for it!
“It was a great achievement and I was very proud to wear the badge on the front of my swimming suit. It was very grand, I thought.”
The full video call can be viewed online.
Robert Gofton, CEO of RLSS UK said: “We have created this brand new medallion as a modern-take of the award Her Majesty The Queen completed in 1941. The lifesaving award not only celebrates the jubilee but also provides basic rescue skills to those who complete it.
“Our Lifesaving Instructors around the UK and Ireland will deliver the training before assessing each person to see if they can secure this unique award. The award is open to all ages and we would love to see lots of people taking part to develop their skills and knowledge around lifesaving and water safely.”
There are various skills required as part of the assessment to be awarded with the medallion, including accompanied rescues, tows, fitness swim, lifesaving swimming strokes, CPR, and the use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED). The training and assessment can take place at Beckenham Place Park to allow local people of Lewisham, to attain the medallion.
Robert added: “We are excited to launch this medallion, not only to honour Her Majesty The Queen but to offer 1891 people the chance to be awarded with this limited edition medallion and celebrate our fantastic community of lifesavers in the UK and Ireland.”
To find out more about the Platinum Jubilee Medallion and be one of the 1891 people to secure the medallion visit https://www.rlss.org.uk/platinum-jubilee-medallion.
RLSS UK launches Platinum Jubilee Medallion
in honour of Queen
To Be one of less then 2000 people achieving their award | <urn:uuid:f870d6b0-cbc4-4f5f-b7b3-774606ff0c7e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ptpcoaching.co.uk/jubileemedallion | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.956722 | 590 | 1.601563 | 2 |
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