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Good interaction in a romance is crucial to a healthy, long-lasting relationship. You should listen to your partner’s terms, not just browse them. Positively listening to the partner’s how to get a wife words will assist you to connect on the deeper level. Your body language and tone of voice will help you display your feelings even more clearly. Additionally important avoid interrupting your lover’s thoughts or opinions, a common fault.
When conversing with your partner, it could essential to tune in to what they say. This will help you comprehend how they think and be even more compassionate. In the event you refuse to notice your partner’s point of view, the challenge may choose unresolved. Instead, find a privately owned place and go over the issue. The majority of communication issues occur mainly because partners forget to figure out each other peoples needs. It’s vital that both partners will be met, therefore try to are more understanding of one another’s feelings.
Being able to notice your lover’s point of view is very important for boosting communication within a relationship. Witnessing things through your partner’s point of view enables you to see the environment from their point of view, and it helps you be a little more empathetic. When you fail to do so, you’re simply hindering the relationship. Additionally , refusing to listen to the partner’s suggestions and opinions will only lead to poor communication and larger problems.
Good communication is vital in a romance. If your spouse feels that you may speak their language well, try to use another type of method of conversation. For example , you could try using more than one language, but when you have to contact someone who speaks only one words, you should use the most common words practical. In this manner, you will avoid misunderstandings. You have to be honest along with your partner.
Successful communication signifies that you pay attention to your partner’s needs, therefore you understand all their point of view. You will be more compassionate and understanding if you appreciate your partner’s perspective trying to understand his or her motives. Learning to listen to your partner’s words can be a long way toward building a strong and lasting romantic relationship. However , it’s vital to not become overbearing, since it will put pressure on your own partner.
Furthermore to listening to your spouse-to-be’s thoughts, the way you talk to each other is likewise crucial to the relationship. You will be considerate and listen to the partner’s emotions, and acknowledge the things they want. Your partners need to feel comfortable with you, so it’s important to understand all of them. In turn, you can do the same your kids. Your voices should sound natural and respectful. And you should be able to hear them.
Often , communication is approximately listening to your partner’s angle. It is also a vital tool to develop mutual respect and understanding. Without great listening, a relationship will damage quickly. Your spouse will feel robbed and resentful, and will likely want to keep. When this happens, you can both get rid of your reference to your partner. If you would like your relationship to previous, you must be prepared to face any future problems.
In order to gain love and care, you need to be able to converse effectively. If you don’t talk to your partner, he or she will end listening to you. The same is true when you are certainly not communicating with each other. In fact , you may end up making more mistakes in this department than you may with your partner. If you don’t pay attention to your partner, certainly lose more than you think, and he/she will never get the support they need.
As a partner, you need willing to listen to your spouse-to-be’s feelings. If you don’t, the conversation might end in failure. You’ll never obtain love and care from your partner if you listen to her or him. You can also be rude to your partner. If you don’t speak to your partner, he or she will imagine you don’t like him or her.
Healthful communication will involve listening to the additional person. You need to talk to one another about what both of you like and dislike. Don’t talk about your own feelings, as they will influence your partner’s actions. A relationship can be described as mutual attempt, so it’s extremely important to be honest with your partner. Consequently, you’ll be on the same page. You are allowed to communicate better when you’re both equally happy. | <urn:uuid:c4c94f93-6142-4903-85c6-0409dae4a0ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.top10slot.com/methods-to-improve-conversation-in-a-romantic-relationship-9713/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95194 | 970 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Change a little, yes.
In my opinion, we\the Govt, need to take small steps in getting people to reduce emissions with vehicle choices.
A better way would be to encourage people towards hybrids and PHEV vehicles, then they can get a feel for electric running, then decide later on if a pure EV will work for them. A change to a pure EV is a big big change to there private transport.
To be honest, I had to replace my previous vehicle of a Cruze late last year, and a EV wasn't even a consideration, nor was a Hybrid or PHEV for that matter.
Only having 1 vehicle, that vehicle had to fill the role of family car, touring\traveling car, shopping car\everyday car.
And simply the range anxiety of a EV, just simply doesn't cut it to fill the above mentioned roles of the vehicle at the price point I brought at (mid $20K)
Also, not owning my own home and renting, means I don't have guaranteed home charging available to me. My current residence does have a garage where an EV could be charged, but if I were to move\have to move, there is no guarantee the next place would
On a road trip from Wellington to Tauranga over the Christmas break, we did make a couple of stops on the way up, (Bulls & Taupo), where we stopped at Bulls, I didn't see EV charging nearby, or where we stopped (Vivs Kitchen\25 minutes stopped) that doesn't mean it wasn't there, I just didn't see it.
And Taupo was, as you'd expect, crazy busy. Again, where I stopped (Taupo Cossie Club \ 45 minutes stopped), I didn't see EV charging there or nearby, again, that doesn't mean it wasn't there, I just didn't see it.
Yes, reduce emissions and every little bit counts, but take the public on a journey to EV's. As part of that journey, don't penalize those who can't immediately change
Even in the absence of plug in vehicle's a policy like this would be logical to decrease our fleet emissions. Alternatives are cranking the price of fuel up, which would be quite regressive, or subsidizing more efficient vehicle's, which would cost the taxpayer $$ and undermine non private car modes of transport.
In terms of serving people with a single car for everything, no off street paring and moderate budgets, something like a 2018 fielder hybrid can be had for $20,500, and come in substantially under the limit so would collect credits for the importer.
Should also note that many of the cars on our roads today will still be running for the next decade or two.
It is also likely that new car offerings will be cleaner by the time the policy takes full effect in 2025.
Re PHEV's, we don't really have time to spend 5 - 10 years working on a stepping stone approach, we need a fairly fast timeline for action. I also don't think the government should be picking technology winners, rather setting results based targets and letting industry / consumers pick the technologies that work best for them.
Re your road trip's EV comparability, Both Taupo & Bulls have fast chargers. The taupo one is about 1km from where you stopped. The bulls one is close to the main intersection.
You can look up charger locations here:
Click the three bars in the top left than set the filter so only CCS/SAE plugs show. That will get you all the chargers that are fast enough to be of value on a road trip.
Something like a Kona electric would only require one 20min stop. If you wanted a cafe meal when you charged you would need to pick one within walking distance.
At the moment the big issue is the cost of road trip comparable EV's. Cheapest used Kona electric on trademe is a $60k ex aussie damaged import. $20k only buys you a 24kWh leaf at the moment. Which would be very painfull to make that trip in (I say that as somebody that owns one). | <urn:uuid:fa645e75-bee3-4f6d-b073-23cc6bdbc015> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.geekzone.co.nz/forums.asp?forumid=162&topicid=281091&page_no=4 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.971428 | 870 | 1.671875 | 2 |
About Food Dignity
The name of this project–Food Dignity–aims to convey both a statement of values and a hypothesis. The ethical stance is that human and community agency in food systems is an end in itself. Our hypothesis is that expanding such agency, especially within communities dealing with food insecurity, will improve the sustainability and equity of our local food systems and economies.
Food justice community-based organizations (CBOs) in the US work at the front lines to increase community power in reshaping local food systems to nourish us all now and our grandchildren in the future. Five such CBOs agreed to collaborate in the Food Dignity project to deepen their investments in that work and, with academic partners, to co-investigate and document their work to share and learn more about how communities do, can and should work to create sustainable, equitable and food secure community food systems.
With nearly $5 million from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (AFRI Competitive Grant no. 2011-68004-30074) nine organizations collaborated over five funded years and two “no-cost extension” years, from 2011-2018, on research, action and education. The partnering organizations were Blue Mountain Associates, Dig Deep Farms, East New York Farms!, Feeding Laramie Valley, Whole Community Project, University of Wyoming, Cornell University, Ithaca College, and University of California Davis. (See the Investigative Team.)
The research was largely via case studies about how communities work to create more sustainability, equity, and food security through food system work. Our secondary research question was about means for creating more equitable community-university collaborations in research, action and education. We learned about both by doing. For the first question, we relied upon the collective decades of expertise and experience the five community-based organizations (CBOs) brought to the table. Also, we traced the CBOs’ work and Food Dignity subaward investments during our five years of collaboration. For the second question, we were striving for such relations in our own collaborations. (See Results.)
The five CBOs led the action, or extension, components by further investing in activities such as funding citizen action with minigrants, supporting leadership development, and investing in food production, processing, marketing and sharing. (See Communities Remaking Food Systems and Results.)
The education work included developing new food system courses and undergraduate minors at Cornell and University of Wyoming, as well as community-university collaborations on those minors and in student internships programs. We also supported five master students and partially supported three PhD students. (See Academics and Learning Guides.)
We invite you explore our paths and destinations in the journey we called Food Dignity: Action research on engaging food insecure communities and universities in building sustainable community food systems. | <urn:uuid:e959f010-fa7d-40ce-98b1-79949a234e95> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fooddignity.org/about | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.951448 | 573 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Health of feet is our second heart.
Feet’s health is a barometer of our health
Lavender contains an ingredient referred to as ester, which is excellent in relieving fatigue and insomania by assisting user to have sound sleep through lowering blood pressure, and relaxing body and mind. Lt is a pure natural ingredient with unique aroma and vital life energy extracted from herb with effect in releasing tension tension and pacifying the nerves without toxicity.
01. What is Sap Patch?
The Sap Patch is originated from a folk remedy. Its spirit of trees absorbs accumulated wastes and toxic materials in the body as ointments in oriental medical science do, and radiates negative ion, promoting the circulation of the blood to make your body refreshes and light. It is basically applied on the sole of the going to bed and taken off the next morning, normally applied 4~8hours.
02. Principle of sap
Trees can survive for hundreds of years without any water or nutrient supplied by humans. They stand dry in winter with little rain and sunlight and recover their vitality in spring. Applying the principle that trees absorb the water in the ground up to the leaves, Sap patch attached on the sole of the foot absorb unnecessary waters from the body. Modern people, living in polluted environment, have accumulated wastes in their body, which lead to numerous diseases. With waters in the body sucked in, you feel refreshed and renewed.
03. How is sap made?
When trees are heated in a charcoal kiln, the extract within trees evaporates with smoke. This essence is quickly refrigerated, which finally leaves the extract containing various components. This liquid extracted from tree is called sap or forest sap.
04. Why is it applied on the sole of the foot?
Human beings are destined to have waste-accumulated feet, which support the body. You can see that by daily experiences like stained socks at night and swollen feet when tired. Accumulated wastes in the body can lead to dropsically legs, fatigue, and even disharmony of the body when metabolism doesn't work well. The sole of the feet, where acupuncture points are concentrated as a reflected area of the whole body, has a great influence on the circulation of the blood as to be called " a second hear".
05.Apply it on the sole of the foot.
In order to enhance the effect of Sap Patch, it is necessary to apply it on the sole of the feet regardless of symptoms. The sole of the foot is so-called second heart which affects the circulation of the blood as a reflector on which human-body is projected and as an area where acupuncture points are concentrated. Toxic matter often stagnates in the feet, and thus the sole of the foot is the best area to apply to experience the effect.
06. Apply it repeatedly until it gets wet.
Sometimes Sap patch never gets wet for days in the beginning although applied on the sole of the foot. It is recommended to use it repeatedly. There is an example it took 20 days for Sap Patch to get wet.
07. When applying on the affected part.
Sap Patch is more effective when applied on the affected part as well as on the sole of the foot, but the rest of the sole of the foot often doesn't get wet at once. Since it is not that only the affected part makes it wet, it is effective to apply broadly around the part at first. Once you confirm the part which makes it wet, you can apply Sap Patch there.
08. Until when should it be used?
It is ideal to apply it everyday until it doesn't get wet, but, for those who have a serious symptom or took medicine for a long time in the past, Sap Patch tends to get wet continuously. Although the toxic matter is thought to be eliminated when Sap Patch doesn't get wet, it is better to use Sap Patch once or twice a month even after it doesn't get wet because toxic matter keep stagnating.
How to use
(1) Detach the center paper for protecting adhesion from the sheet and place it on the flat floor.
(2) Make the contents of the sap patch flat.
(3) The white side of the Sap patch which has no printed letters with some small holes should be attached on the feet or skin. The opposite printed side should be attached to the adhesive sheet.
(4), (5) Apply them to the targeted area of the feet or the body tightly.
(6) Wash your feet or applied area of the body after detaching them. | <urn:uuid:fcd9094e-ce6e-41b6-ad1d-a6db1a282a43> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gobizkorea.com/user/goods/frontGoodsDetail.do?goods_no=GS20180317098718 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.951933 | 942 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Keeping sugar levels at bay isn’t mainly for diabetics. When sugar levels spike from eating a bad foods, an overload of insulin can be released. Getting cause your own body to visit fat-storing mode leading to weight gain and frequently belly physique fat.
The 1 staple and well-known involving protein all of the nutrition world is fowl. Chicken breast has great nourishment. It contains high protein and little fat. 100g of chicken breast contains up to 29.6g of protein, 7.7g of fat and zero carbohydrates. Chicken and beef are great foods to acquire ketogenic diet.
The first super powerful top secret tip for losing weight, stomach fat, and http://vibrantsourceketoboost.net/ toning the rest of your is to ignore those stupid videos and commercials on morning shows about routine routines, exercise equipment, and hundreds of other possible solutions. They all cost a dollars, require hours of your respective each day, and take weeks or months to obtain any regarding results.
The reduced carbohydrate diet been recently called a lasting “fad” in the news media. The right variations for the low carb diet, it appears that this eating system will forever have the up-to-date news information. Whether you are a football coach, administrative assistant or high school teacher, seeking looking to turn fat into something else, namely muscle, the locarb cyclical keto guidelines is for you.
Creating a ketosis diet plan menu for women is often a great critical for take toward trying to lose the weight. A common pitfall is the temptation of falling back into your old habits of eating bad balanced snack .. If you create and stick a few weekly ketosis diet plan menu for women, if at all possible know to be able to eat as soon as to eat it. Better of all, you actually prepare all the foods yourself, you can choose what ingredients to include to assure that you’re eating only the freshest, healthiest food.
To stop these things, the individual concerned ought to be encouraged to do exercises commonly. To minimize the weight gain side effects, the carbohydrates should certainly be introduced in into the regular diet gradually. Never change the foods you eat abruptly because this could have radical effects to your body. You may also get upset by gradually introducing the improvements. After the carbohydrates are re-introduced, you also have to reduce the ingestion of fats. Your own will offer a supply of excess high fat calories. You can start with vegetable recipes with breads, rice, or pasta.
If you consume large amounts (or within a people, Vibrant Source Keto Boost might be amounts) of sugar alcohols, you could experience what could tactfully be called the “green apple quicksteps,” i.e. diarrhea. Sugar alcohols are not normally within large quantities in natural foods along with the body get a a hassle digesting each of them. What the body has trouble digesting, it tends to get rid of as quickly as possible (if you’re familiar but now results of eating Olestra, the fake fat, realize that some understand what I’m talking about).
An exclusive protein diet was never meant for diet program for normal healthy individual, but simply individuals with epilepsy. A protein weight loss program is high in fat and low in carbs. When not having carbs various of various things will start to happen. | <urn:uuid:765c8a62-9aa7-45ec-9d06-d56206d47b9e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mafz.net/ending-the-cyclical-ketogenic-diet-is-it-necessary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948818 | 700 | 1.992188 | 2 |
A welding training center focused on returning veterans, job-transitioning adults, former inmates, and at-risk teens is slated to open in January, and the group behind the effort is studying a location in southwest Detroit. Graduates of the program will leave with more than just a certification in hand, however.
“(The program) gives them soft skills, financial literacy, and on-the-job preparedness,” says Gary Hendrickson, co-founder of the Welding Artisan Center. He adds the nonprofit is working with different employers to help provide transportation to graduates once they have completed training and have secured employment. “Because when you have a welding job, you may not always be able to get to the job site (using) the bus.”
The Welding Artisan Center will offer three levels of certification, staring with a 15-week course (375 hours) that prepares students for production welding, millwright, and maintenance welding in small job shops. The second level, at 30 weeks, offers certification in structural welding for bridges and buildings. At 50 weeks, the final level provides training in both structural and pipe welding, which prepares students for jobs in the energy field, at oil refineries, and inside chemical plants.
In turn, the organization can customize programs for specific employers and will offer specialized classes on the weekend for welding enthusiasts and artisans.
“The shortage for welders nationally is pretty well known,” Hendrickson says. “You can go to North Dakota, and if you know how to weld, you can make six figures in your first year because demand is so great there.”
He attributes the talent shortage to the fact that young people aren’t entering the trade at the same pace the older workforce is retiring. In southeastern Michigan, the demand for on-site welding is only going to grow — the planned international bridge that will connect Detroit to Windsor, and the M-1 Rail line on Woodward Avenue in Detroit, for instance.
“Those projects — totally set apart from manufacturing — are going to create a huge spike in demand for welders here,” Hendrickson says. “Otherwise, (the welders will come from) Ohio, Illinois, and Texas, which is a shame. We have high unemployment in Detroit and young kids that are looking for alternatives to college — this solves the shortage of welders and it solves a social problem, too.”
While the Welding Artisan Center is still in negotiations for its location, Hendrickson says the nonprofit’s leadership is eyeing southwest Detroit, which is in close proximity to industry organizations and provides easy access to public transportation.
Tuition prices will range from $6,750 for the first level, $13,500 for the second level, and $22,500 for the third level. The organization — which recently received the Consumers Energy and Thaw Community Transformation Prize through the 2014 Michigan Social Entrepreneurship Challenge — hopes to begin accepting applications by late 2014.
For more information, visit weldingartisancenter.com. | <urn:uuid:01b683ff-949e-4fdd-8e19-0d51c8688864> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dbusiness.com/daily-news/new-welding-artisan-training-center-eyes-southwest-detroit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.944 | 630 | 2.171875 | 2 |
We can feel the sun staring down hard at us. But don't despair as we tell you some easy, interesting ways to beat its tactics...
By: Dr Tania Bardhan, ESPA, The Leela Palace New Delhi
Posted on: May 22, 2014
We can feel the sun staring down hard at us. But don’t despair as we tell you some easy, interesting ways to beat its tactics…
While the word summer conjures images of exciting getaways for many of us, it also brings on the thought of unique skin and hair care challenges, not to mention specific health problems. Not that you’ll hear it from many, but summers can be a great time to refresh and rejuvenate ourselves, while making the most of the bountiful energy of the sun.
While common perception is that skin becomes oilier and stickier during this time, constant exposure to air conditioned environments, being out in the sun for long, or spending a day at the beach along with excessive sweating can also lead to parched skin. An instant fix for this at home could be to keep some fresh aloe gel at hand in the summers. Aloe Vera gel helps in soothing skin exposed to the sun and provides deep hydration without adding to oiliness.
It is wonderfully balancing for the skin, helping those who suffer from acne to moisturize without making the skin feel oily, and is suited to the most sensitive skin types. For those with mature skin types, aloe gel may be further fortified with some honey to make it a more nourishing moisturizer. It is always best to use organically grown fresh aloe gel for skin care. A little aloe plant won’t look too bad on your window sill too!
For a very effective summer toner for the face you could use green tea leaves brewed in water. Once it cools down, the mixture can be stored for up to a week in the refrigerator. In addition to refreshing the skin, green tea also packs in high doses of antioxidants which keep the effects of environmental pollutants at bay.
For those who want to combine DIY home care with some top of the line natural products for their summer care regime, ESPA has many wonderful natural ingredients in their products to benefit skin during summers. The skin radiance moisturizer helps in achieving a wonderful glow with extracts of bearberry, mulberry and liquorice combined with Hawaiian algae to smooth away dead cells.
For the tresses
Our hair demands special attention during summer months as they tend to get either too flat or frizzy from increased levels of humidity. Frequent shampooing to combat these problems often causes overly dry hair. A better solution is rinsing hair with apple cider vinegar which imparts a deep shine, giving your hair body and bounce, while also helping to eliminate dandruff, itchiness and rashes on the scalp.
Pink hair and scalp mud from ESPA is a very popular hair care product. It contains the goodness of Vitamin C rich watercress extracts and apricot kernel oil combined with mineral rich clays to keep the scalp healthy and leaves hair soft and easily manageable.
Not many know or have tried dry skin brushing. This summer, however, try your hand at it. For this, investing in a good quality body brush with natural bristles helps immensely; ESPA makes a body brush with bristles of Mexican cacti for this purpose. Dry skin brushing is an invigourating practice which helps in exfoliating dry dead skin cells, increase lymphatic drainage of toxins from the body, improves circulation and also helps with cellulite. It is an inexpensive, easy to do yourself way to keep your body looking summer and beach ready at all times.
Similar effects can be achieved by using ESPA salt and oil scrubs regularly during the summer. These scrubs combine sea salt with natural ingredients like lavender and menthol to help exfoliate dead skin cells while keeping the skin baby soft and nourished.
As scared as we women are of summer, it’s time to make it fun and happy. There are easy and luxurious solutions to all woes!
With a wealth of experience at leading national and international hotels, Dr. Tania Bardhan is a Doctor of Homeopathy and Acupuncture. Currently at ESPA at The Leela Palace New Delhi, she believes in integrating holistic practices with wellness and lifestyle programmes. In her current role, she leads a diverse team of therapists, gym instructors, nail technicians, and attendants to deliver memorable spa journeys. She was recently conferred the ‘Spa Manager of the Year’ award at GeoSpa asiaSpa India Awards 2013. ESPA at The Leela Palace New Delhi combines exquisite interiors and design with state-of-the-art treatment rooms and advanced rejuvenation techniques. Treatments offered blend European wellness with ancient therapies from Ayurveda. The spa was recently chosen by thousands of readers of Condé Nast Traveller Readers’ Travel Awards. | <urn:uuid:61ae0921-b642-4c85-a645-85b4ff46c67b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.luxuryfacts.com/index.php/sections/article/Be-Summer-Ready | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.946092 | 1,023 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Klaipeda, Lithuania’s third largest city with a population of roughly 150,000, was once dependent on Russia for natural gas. However in recent years, Klaipeda's liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal and its free economic zone (FEZ) have driven the country’s economic independence.
The primary objective of the LNG terminal was to secure gas supplies and secure the energy market, according to Tadas Matulionis, the business director at the Klaipeda LNG terminal. Today, however, the terminal (coupled with the Klaipeda FEZ) has enabled Lithuania to break free from Russia’s regional monopoly on natural gas, while creating an attractive environment for foreign investors.
Moored in the northernmost non-freezing port of the Baltic Sea is the Klaipeda LNG floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU). This 290-metre tanker, named Independence, enables the port to store and convert LNG into other burnable fuels. Owned by Höegh LNG and chartered by Klaipedos Nafta, the FSRU receives gas deliveries via tankers from natural gas-producing countries, such as Qatar, Australia and, more recently, the US. The imported gas is then stored and re-gasified before being transferred to the regional gas grid via an 18-kilometre pipeline.
The LNG terminal has played an integral role in transforming Lithuania’s economic growth. Since being commissioned in December 2014, the facility has allowed Lithuania to diversify its sources of gas. Previously it purchased all of its natural gas from Russia’s Gazprom, which charged some of the highest prices in the EU.
“Consumers were forced to pay whatever price was asked [for gas]. Over the years statistics demonstrate that price gap has been 20% – sometimes more – above the EU average,” says Mr Matulionis. With the LNG terminal, Lithuania can buy natural gas on the competitive market, thereby lowering prices and removing the risk of being subject to volatility in Russian gas markets.
“Nobody in Europe had seen an energy project done in that short a period of time,” says Eimantas Kiudulas, director at Klaipeda FEZ. “But it was done. And it happened because the team at the company was new world management, which came to power with no Soviet baggage. They’re just new, young and educated people. So that was a very good example where, if we want to do something confined with a dedicated budget, we can do it.”
Lithuania’s neighbours have also benefited. Because the LNG terminal operates a third-party access regime, any country in the EU is entitled to the same terms and conditions as Lithuania. Mr Matulionis says: “A Latvian or Estonian trader could come to the terminal and book capacities exactly on the same terms.” As a result, countries that traditionally had their energy infrastructure tied to Russian markets can now buy gas supplies at a reduced price from Lithuania.
Links beyond Baltics
Beyond the Baltics, Finland, Poland and Ukraine could also benefit from the Klaipeda LNG. Upon completion of the Baltic Connector pipeline, Finland will no longer have to rely solely on Russia for its gas, as the pipeline will allow the country access to EU markets. Meanwhile, the Gas Interconnection Poland-Lithuania pipeline, or GIPL, is scheduled to be completed in 2019, and will have the capacity to deliver 1 billion cubic metres of gas a year from Lithuania to Poland and 2.4 billion cubic metres a year from Poland to Lithuania.
For Ukraine, energy security is crucial, particularly given its ongoing conflict with Russia. Although Lithuania and Ukraine are connected via a pipeline that crosses Belarus, the “pipelines do not have an open-access regime”, says Mr Matulionis. Barring any setbacks, the completion of the gas interconnection in Lithuania will allow it to export LNG to Ukraine via Poland in 2021.
The LNG terminal’s success has been complemented by the Klaipeda FEZ. Arturas Drungilas, marketing director at Klaipeda State Seaport Authority, says: “The FEZ is a very important part of our goal because when [manufacturing] companies decide to establish themselves, they are usually choosing clients in a free economic zone because they’re within the vicinity of the port.”
For example, Singapore-based plastics manufacturer Indorama was already operating in the FEZ, “but it was feeling the risk of the increase in gas price because of [Russian-imposed price volatility],” says Mr Kiudulas. “But this establishment of the LNG terminal started to be a benchmark between Russian gas and Norwegian gas and US gas, and we had an opportunity for decreasing the gas prices. We allowed for the free market. Before, it was a huge political and economic risk for any company who wanted to invest here.”
Off to a quick start
The FEZ offers a Fast Factory Launch scheme and Flexstart programme that enable investors to hit the ground running. Fast Factory Launch provides companies with completed construction permits and permission to alter a site to meet their needs, while Flexstart enables investors to be operational in less than a month by offering access to pre-built manufacturing facilities.
The growing investment in LNG operations has increased the demand for industry-relevant skills, which is why Klaipeda’s Science and Technology Park is working to develop a new LNG cluster and faculty to train LNG engineers using curricula designed around those relevant fields. “We’re pushing this way through the energy cluster, with new companies joining them, and we’re trying to think of which new industries we can build on that,” adds Mr Kiudulas.
The more than 100 companies that have invested in Klaipeda employ about 4500 people, many of whom work in the ship repair and building industry. In total, Mr Drungilas says the FEZ and LNG terminal have created about 15,000 jobs for Lithuania’s economy.
The Klaipeda FEZ is continuing to invest in additional infrastructure. In October, Klaipeda FEZ Management Company announced an investment of €2.7m into a 6000-square-metre universal production building. Scheduled for completion in early 2018, the building can be customised specifically to the needs of the investor, demonstrating yet again that Lithuania is dedicated to creating an independent economic ecosystem for investment. | <urn:uuid:37aaf851-f1c4-4fe9-9f9d-eee4e3f67bc3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fdiintelligence.com/content/news/klaipeda-gives-lithuania-a-gaspowered-independence-70504 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.954452 | 1,394 | 2.5 | 2 |
Szekeres and Turán found in 1937 a formula for the sum of the squares and the sum of the fourth powers of determinants of all $n$ by $n$ matrices with $\pm 1$ entries. (The sum of squares case follows easily from Cauchy-Binet identity.) Later Turán published a simpler proof for the sum of the fourth powers but in Chinese. I vaguely remember that there are simpler probabilistic proofs for both cases.
My question is about simple proofs for these identities, especially the one for 4th powers.
Is there a formula for the 6th power? | <urn:uuid:d87f3d3d-1ef2-40d4-840c-392141e0a311> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mathoverflow.net/questions/137377/a-simple-proof-for-a-theorem-of-szekeres-and-tur%C3%A1n/138280 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.932595 | 126 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Greenham Control Tower Ltd was established in 2018 to manage the newly refurbished building and with their kind support, agreed to Newbury And District Amateur Radio Society (NADARS) having a permanent radio station on the ground floor using what was the Signals Workshop (and at one time the Air Traffic Controllers office) as an operation room.
NADARS then obtained planning permission from the local authority for the erection of multiple antennas on the Grade 2 listed building and, during the Autumn of 2019, three antenna poles were erected and feeders installed to run a state-of-the-art amateur radio station.
OFCOM (the UK Government Regulator) issued NADARS with the special event callsign GB4GCT (Greenham Control Tower) and for it to be used on a permanent basis.
The radio station is an ongoing project with many different amateur radio facilities being installed. By October 2019 we were fully on air using a Flex 6500 TX/RX and the first of our antenna systems - a 130ft inverted V doublet at 50ft at the centre for multiband HF operation.
Plans are well advanced for an Oscar 100 satellite receiving station with NADARS members being given the challenge to build a TX for communication with the satellite. It is also planned to have a UHF Fusion repeater on site.
With the regular footfall of the general public visiting the Control Tower Visitors Centre, Museum and Cafe while visiting the Common, this is an excellent opportunity for the promotion of Amateur Radio and its different facets to a new audience.
It is planned to have the station operational on many weekends throughout the year for members of NADARS to hone their operating skills and visiting licenced amateurs of all levels are welcome to operate.
The public are actively encouraged to visit our radio station and find out more about amateur radio and for them to pass greetings messages over the air to other amateurs around the world.
While visiting the GB4GCT station you can also enjoy a drink, cake and much more in the Control Tower Cafe.
The History of Greenham Control Tower
Greenham Control Tower is one of seven identical control towers built in the UK in the early 1950s, during the Korean War. The other six were located at fighter bases at Biggin Hill, North Weald, Brize Norton, Fairford and Upper Heyford, and at the Mildenhall tanker air base.
Historically Greenham Common was a massive area of common land. An airbase opened in 1942 and was used by the RAF and USAF during WW2. In 1973 in became home of the International Air Tattoo before transfer to RAF Fairford. In 1980 it was announced that USAF Cruise missiles were to be deployed at Greenham Common Airbase, putting in on the front line of the Cold War. The IRNF (Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces) Treaty was signed in 1987 by the USA and Soviet Union which led to the removal of the missiles and the closure of the base. In 1992 the USAF returned RAF Greenham Common to the Ministry of Defence. In 1993 the airbase was declared surplus, closed and put up for sale. In 1997 Greenham Common was designated a public parkland; after the runway was removed the area was opened to the public in 2000. The park is approximately 2 miles long and half a mile wide and is now a haven for wildlife and outdoor activities
Since 1993, when the Greenham Common airbase was decommissioned, the control tower had been disused and as a result is was still largely in its original state, which has resulted in Grade II listed status.
After a long bidding process, in 2013 West Berkshire Council agreed to sell the building to Greenham Parish Council for £100,000 under the Government's Community Right to Bid scheme.
Greenham Trust has committed £250,000 towards the project. During 2014 substantial works were started to prepare the building for use as a Visitor's Centre, where the public can see both the historic past and learn about the present natural landscape of the Common.
The ground floor now comprises of the Amateur Radio Operation Room (run by NADARS) and the cafe. The first floor includes an interpretation area, with displays not only about the history of the Common but also about its wildlife and how to enjoy the Common without damaging valuable habitats. The top floor, where once men sat directing planes landing and taking off during the Cold War, is a viewing platform from which the panorama of the Common can be fully appreciated.
NADARS hopes to operate GB4GCT from the Greenham Control Tower on other dates throughout the year and for different events, so please regularly check the NADARS web site for more details.
If you have a comment or question, please don't hesitate to contact us by email.
>>>We would very much welcome comments or details from personnel who have worked or been involved with the base over its history.
Whether you were based there, or maybe you were on a flight to/from the base, please let us know.
Why not send us your recollection of your time at the base (pictures are also welcomed).
We will be pleased to pass on any messages to the people who are now responsible for Greenham Control Tower.
Please contact us by sending your email to GB4GCT-at-NADARS.ORG.UK (replace -at- with @ )
Note: Please QSL ONLY via M0OXO OQRS | <urn:uuid:83e7d04d-4c53-4bb6-b54d-f6fe4f18525e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nadars.org.uk/GB4GCT.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.969106 | 1,127 | 1.617188 | 2 |
A Japanese Imari “La Dame au Parasol” plate. Edo Period
The circular dish with wide rim decorated in iron-red, black, green and aubergine enamels and gilt on underglaze blue with the well-known scene after Cornelis Pronk showing a Japanese lady in Kimono attended by her maidservant holding a paper parasol, the revers decorated with seven iron-red insects.
- Japan (Arita)
- Period :
- Edo period (1603-1868), first half of 18th century
- 9.25 in. (23.5 cm)
- Reference :
A private European Collection made circa 1960
Plates with this design are in the collections of the Victoria & Albert Museum (London) or the Ashmolean Museum (Oxford), the Minneapolis Institute of Art (Gift of Leo and Doris Hodroff), the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New-York).
C.J.A. Jorg, Pronk Porcelain, pp. 71-3.
T. Volker, The Japanese Porcelain Trade of the Dutch East India Company after 1683, (Leiden, 1959), p. 78-81.
For a similar example, see Soame Jenyns, Japanese Porcelain, (London, 1965), pl. 46A.
Cornelis Pronk was a Dutch draughtsman and porcelain designer. Born in 1691, he became a pupil of Jan van Houten and Arnold Boomen. He was commissioned by the Dutch East India Company to make a series of designs to be used for porcelain. The first dawning was in 1734 and received in Batavia in 1735. This one was the only known design to be produced both in Japanese and Chinese porcelains and became known as La Dame au Parasol. In sending the drawings to Japan, Volker records, “we are pleased that your Honours have had the drawings of porcelains, sent from this country, presented to the Japanese factors in order to test out whether the same can be made in Japan in conforming with the drawings.”
However, it did not prove possible to agree a reasonable price with the Japanese potters and no orders were placed. In 1740, the merchants abandoned their attempts on orders of the Dutch East India directors. A small number of pieces were made in Japan and until now only dinner plates are known, Groninger Museum acquired a small saucer dish. A very large unrecorded dish appeared on the market in 2019 which suggest it was a private commission. | <urn:uuid:549db382-bf6a-4857-9d43-6966758cf2db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.galerienicolasfournery.com/collection/a-japanese-imari-la-dame-au-parasol-plate-edo-period/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.951114 | 582 | 2.90625 | 3 |
We’ve all seen the nativity plays. We’ve all seen the nativity scenes. There’s a lovely one out in Oldham town centre. All of them depicting the baby Jesus, overlooked by his parents, some wise men and a bunch of animals in what looks remarkably like the sort of wooden barn you still find knocking about in the countryside if you know where to look.
The problem with this, of course, is that the Bible doesn’t say Jesus was born in a stable. It doesn’t mention a stable. In fact, while we’re at it, it doesn’t mention a donkey or an inn keeper either. What seems to have happened is that we have made hay (I know, don’t write in) with mention of a manger and the word for guest room.
It’s not my intention to lay out here the reasons why Jesus wasn’t born in a stable, but in an ordinary home. Ian Paul has done an excellent job corralling the information in a blog post he re-posts every year. You can read that here. If you prefer another source, TIm Chaffey from Answers in Genesis has written up some of the common misconceptions here. Ian gives the more fulsome, and frankly more compelling, case for why Jesus was born in an ordinary family home.
My interest in this post is not to make that case, rather it is to look at the implications of it being true. If Jesus was born in an ordinary family home in Bethlehem, what does that means for us in practice?
On the traditional telling of the story in which Jesus is born in a stable, it is frequently stated that Jesus wouldn’t be relatable if he was born in a palace. It is certainly true that, despite being a new born king, Jesus was not born in a palace because he was not going to be that sort of king. But the traditional version misses the fact that being born in a stable is pretty odd too.
But if Jesus was born into a normal family home, he is not an unrelatable king beyond the average person in a palace and nor is he some other-wordly figure born in an equally unusual stable. Rather, he was a normal child, born into a normal family home, just like the overwhelming majority of others born at the time. This means Jesus is entirely relatable because he really was born just like the rest of us.
God with us
Jesus was to be called Emmanuel – God with us. Of course, if he was born in a stable, he very specifically is not with us. He is with the animals where most people weren’t! Out of sight and out of mind, away from the very ones he was sent to be with.
But if Jesus was born in a family home, surrounded by people and family, he is very much with those whom he came for. He is not away from those he came to save, but very much with them, in the place where they ordinarily were. Jesus is very much more with us when he is born in a family home where we typically are.
Entering the mess of the world
Many like to point to the mess of a stable and insist that Jesus was born into the ordinary mess of the world. But, in truth, the mess Jesus was born into was not one of mud, straw and animals but a world that had been blighted by human sin. Jesus was, indeed, born into the mess and chaos of the world in order to redeem it, but it was very much the mess caused by human sin.
This is significant because what makes ‘God with us’ so exceptional is that we are sinners and God, in the ordinary run of things, cannot be in the presence of sin. Or, rather, we cannot be in the presence of a holy God. In taking on human flesh and veiling his glory, man could see God and God could really be with us. That is how Jesus could say, ‘whoever has seen me has seen the Father’ (John 14:9).
If Jesus was born in a stable with the animals – away from people – he might have been born into some physical mess, but he was away from the actual mess and chaos of the sin that caused him to come in the first place. But if Jesus was born in a family home – surrounded by the very sinful people he came to save, who could not see God face to face, who could not enter into the holy of holies in the temple to be in the special presence of God – he was entering the messy world he came to fix and was showing that God was making it possible for mankind to be in relationship with him again.
Whilst Jesus is the God-Man, so not exactly like us, the Christmas story tells of the birth of a real man, born in a real way, in an ordinary town, in an ordinary home. Whilst it was necessarily different for God to be born (virgin birth, born of the Spirit, in whom the fullness of God dwelt), there is another sense in which it was very ordinary indeed. And that is particularly fitting for one who came to be a representative for ordinary people like us. | <urn:uuid:ae5f3014-b20f-4642-a4e0-2df2ffe9bbfb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://buildingjerusalem.blog/2020/12/10/jesus-wasnt-born-in-a-stable-what-difference-does-it-make/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.990974 | 1,088 | 2.171875 | 2 |
After delivering a keynote speech at the 13th International Conference of the European Academy of Design (EAD), Design Indaba founder Ravi Naidoo sent out a challenge to the audience.
The challenge turned into a competition called DUNDEED, where the EAD collaborated with Design Indaba to set the challenge to design research teams around the world to creatively engage with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.
We received entries from around the world tackling different issues. The judges selected a shortlist of five candidates.
The shortlisted candidates not only wanted to address the United Nations' SDGs but also spoke to a sense of community and collaboration.
The projects included Victoria Stoch's communication design project to help HIV/Aids patients in tracking their progress throughout their monthly course of medication; while another entry by Alejandro Mandrio, called ALO, explores how we can build healthier and more sustainable futures by stimulating individuals at early stages.
After more deliberation among the judges, the winner was chosen.
We're proud to announce that Debalina Bera with the project she entered, The Welcome Tent, is the winner of the £5,000 prize.
The aim of the project is to design a strategy for an inclusive safe-space to amplify silenced voices through idea generation in order to fight existing systematic injustice, in collaboration with humanKINDER.
A social innovation enterprise, humanKINDER, runs projects to better support displaced communities all over Europe. The Welcome Tent project makes use of an ex-army catering tent from 1956, which has been repurposed for peace.
The tent is used as a space to bring uprooted people together over food, cooking with a global community who are acting with courage and determination, despite the authoritarian conditions which are criminalising solidarity and increasingly ignoring International Human Rights Law.
Food is a universal language and a basic life necessity. 12 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals feed into Food and Nutrition (WHO).
The thought of food gets us excited, happy, nostalgic, experimental, hungry. Food is present silently in everything we do and don't, in celebrations, in sorrow, in need, in every possible walk of life.
The intention of the project is to help facilitate diverse growth and sense of belonging amongst displaced local communities.
The judges found that in terms of research and innovation, this project was strong as its solution involved communities as part of the solution.
Design Indaba, International Conference of the European Academy of Design (EAD), University of Dundee and Imagination Lancaster at Lancaster University would like to thank all who participated.
More on the Dundeed challenge: | <urn:uuid:94367252-1d18-49a3-a19f-9ffe12c2ddf2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.designindaba.com/articles/creative-work/were-proud-announce-%C2%A35000-winner-dundeed-challenge | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.939494 | 538 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Colombia’s Congress will hold extra sessions to debate the pending demobilization and concentration of thousands if not tens of thousands of FARC guerrillas, President Juan Manuel Santos announced.
The FARC, Colombia’s largest and oldest rebel group, has been negotiating peace with the Santos administration since late 2012 and are in the final stretch of talks.
In the event of a final peace deal — or possibly before that — the government expects between 20,000 and 40,000 guerrillas and militia members to demobilize.
FARC spokeswoman Tanja Nijmeijer on Monday told Colombia Reports it is “too early” to clarify how many people the guerrilla group will demobilize.
On Tuesday, Congress will return from its holiday recess and continue debating a number of proposals made by the government that seek the implementation of an eventual peace deal.
“I am going to convene extra sessions in Congress to approve a modification in the Law for Public Order with the intent to allow the president of the Republic to begin the procedures for the concentration of the FARC in the negotiated sites,” Santos said over the weekend.
The concentration areas will be used for FARC members to register and go through a screening process that will determine their judicial future; those free of war crime charges will receive amnesty and those suspected of war crimes will be sent to the penal chamber of a transitional justice court.
The government and the guerrillas are still negotiating how many of these concentration areas will be necessary for an orderly demobilization of the guerrillas and their abandoning of weapons.
Additionally, the FARC has demanded security measures that would prevent the killing of guerrillas on their way to or inside these demobilization sites.
Santos said that the guerrillas’ security is one of the issues to be debated in Congress.
According to Santos, the congressional procedure should be done by February, meaning the FARC will not demobilize before that.
Peace talks between the warring parties will continue on Tuesday “with some very clear instructions.”
The most important instruction is to “put the negotiations in acceleration to end this process hopefully before March 23,” the date agreed by Santos and FARC leader “Timochenko” in September last year.
The FARC has since backtracked on the deadline, claiming that the government improvised a renegotiation on transitional justice after this deal had been announced to the public already.
Notwithstanding, both parties have shown to be optimistic about a positive outcome of the talks and expect to finalize negotiations and end the 51-year-long conflict this year.
The post Colombia begins preparations for mass demobilization of FARC rebels appeared first on . | <urn:uuid:93ebfe3f-4142-4ec4-8347-483a8724e6ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://qcolombia.com/colombia-begins-preparations-for-mass-demobilization-of-farc-rebels/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.944647 | 573 | 1.734375 | 2 |
What Is A SaaS?
SaaS stands for software as a service, which means selling cloud-based software as a service to the customers.
Let’s decode this jargon.
Software as a service is called service because it’s not sold as a one-time transaction, instead offered as a service with a monthly charge.
Cloud is just a term for the internet where the companies have built their resources and allocate a part of these resources to the customers while onboarding them.
Customers who subscribe to the services, use this software through the web or mobile application. There is no requirement for downloading and installing software to the system.
These SaaS products can be aimed to serve other businesses, known as B2B (Business to Business) services like FreshBooks, Mailchimp whose features are more relevant to an organization’s growth.
Why Deploying SaaS Makes Sense
Cloud-based delivery creates several advantages over previous software distribution models:
SaaS Applications Don’t Require Physical Distribution
Because SaaS is distributed online, software distribution based on shipping physical memory devices like compact discs is no longer required. This makes it easier to obtain, access, and distribute the software. New software features, upgrades, and patches can also be deployed more quickly.
SaaS Applications Don’t Require Long-Term Commitments
The subscription basis for SaaS enables companies and users to use software that suits their purposes without fear of becoming “locked in” to lengthy contract commitments.
For many users, this enables a “best in breed” approach to software use. Tools can be adopted quickly (and old tools jettisoned) if a new application offers improved functionality or design.
Most SaaS Applications Don’t Require Special Knowledge or Training
Because it doesn’t require physical storage on the premises it’s deployed, SaaS tools do not necessarily require a specially trained IT specialist for deployment. And many are designed to be user-friendly, frequently eliminating the need for software-specific training.
Why Businesses Need SaaS Management
SaaS now represents the default delivery model for business software. It’s overtaken traditional on-premises practices for software deployment and management. Given its soaring popularity and ubiquitous adoption, what are the downsides to its widespread adoption?
Here are a few reasons why businesses should consider deploying a SaaS Management strategy:
Prevent and Reduce Shadow IT
Shadow IT occurs where technology applications or systems are bought or built within an organization without the IT department’s direct approval or knowledge.
In many cases, the growth of shadow IT has a direct correlation to increased frequency of lines of business, teams, and individual users purchasing SaaS applications directly.
SaaS License Management
As more lines of business or teams purchase SaaS tools, the potential to mismanage SaaS licenses is high. After all, few business unit managers undergo IT management training for best practices. Foremost among the concerns for license mismanagement is under-utilized or unused licenses.
Without the clear attribution of ownership to individual teams or employees, an unused license can pose a security threat. For example, how can the organization be sure a former employee no longer has access to sensitive company data stored in a SaaS application? Without active management, an unused license can also have the potential to trigger an automatic renewal and incur unnecessary costs.
Underutilization of licenses represents a diminished practical value of the SaaS investment. Optimizing SaaS licenses ensures the number of licenses or seats meets the organization’s actual need and helps preserve value. | <urn:uuid:dbd28978-5385-4289-892b-73439f55a9e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.camerafilmroll.com/the-saas-business-model/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.915346 | 768 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Sh. Baldev Raj Mahajan was hardworking from his childhood. He worked as a part time worker in a factory for 4 years. He shifted to Chandigarh in December 1971 and worked as a clerk with Sh.
Who is the present advocate General?
List of Advocate Generals in States
|Karnataka||Prabhuling K. Navadagi|
|Kerala||K Gopala Krishna Kurup|
|Madhya Pradesh||Prashant Singh|
Who is the first advocate general of Haryana?
Sh. Anand Swaroop also had the Honour of being the First Advocate General of the newly carved out State of Haryana w.e.f. 2nd November, 1966 till 2nd March, 1969. He was also a leader of the Bar and also remained the President of the Punjab and Haryana High Court Bar Association in the year 1971-72.
Who is advocate General of India?
Hence, they must have been a judge of some high court for five years or an advocate of some high court for ten years, or an eminent jurist in the opinion of the President. The 15th and current Attorney General is K. K. Venugopal. He was reappointed by President Ram Nath Kovind in 2020.
Who is appointed advocate general?
The advocate general is appointed by the governor. He must be a person who is qualified to be appointed a judge of a high court. In other words, he must be a citizen of India and must have held a judicial office for ten years or been an advocate of a high court for ten years.
Who was the first Solicitor General of India?
Unlike the Attorney General, Solicitor General does not give legal advice to the Government of India. His workload is confined to appearing in courts on behalf of the Union of India. The first Solicitor General of independent India was C K Daphtary.
Who is the governor of Haryana?
Incumbent. Bandaru Dattatreya
This is a list of governors of the Indian state of Haryana, which was carved out from Punjab on 1 November 1966.
Who is the advocate general of Haryana in 2021?
AG Haryana. The Haryana Govt. has accorded the rank and status of a cabinet Minister to Advocate General(AG) Haryana, Baldev Raj Mahajan. It is for the first time in Haryana that its AG has being conferred with the status of a Cabinet Minister.
Who is Chief Justice of Haryana?
As of 1st November, 2021, there are 50 Judges in the High Court, comprising 44 Permanent and 6 Additional Judges.
Punjab and Haryana High Court.
|Punjab and Haryana High Court.|
|Website||High Court of Punjab and Haryana|
|Currently||Ravi Shankar Jha|
|Since||6 October 2019|
Who appointed the Advocate General of a state?
The authority and function of Advocate General is also specified in the Constitution of India under Article 165 and 177. The Governor of each State shall appoint a person who is qualified to be appointed as a Judge of a High Court to be Advocate General for the State.
Who appoints the Governor?
The Governor of a State shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal (Article 155). A person to be eligible for appointment as Governor should be citizen of India and has completed age of 35 years (Article 157).
WHO IS A highest law officer of state?
Advocate General of the State is the highest law officer in the state. The Constitution of India (Article 165) has provided for the office of the Advocate General for the states. Also, he corresponds to the Attorney General of India.
Who can remove the advocate general?
He can be removed by the governor anytime. He usually resigns during change of government. He must be qualified to be judge of HC [hold a judicial office for 10 years within the state].
What is the Article 76?
Article 76 of the constitution mentions that he/she is the highest law officer of India. As a chief legal advisor to the government of India, he advises the union government on all legal matters. He also is the primary lawyer representing Union Government in the Supreme Court of India.
What is the Article 148?
Article 148 – Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
There shall be a Comptroller and Auditor-General of India who shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal and shall only be removed from office in like manner and on like grounds as a Judge of the Supreme Court. | <urn:uuid:3d67c1ab-eb87-4788-9a45-a1fb4de9e054> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://flworkerscomp.org/helpful-info/who-is-the-present-advocate-general-of-haryana.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.966748 | 1,003 | 1.828125 | 2 |
CBD would be the acronym for cannabidiol. It's been used by people today for a very long time and helps to eliminate the indications of many popular ailments. Recently it absolutely was identified that numerous popular issues including lack of cognitive abilities, psychological Problems, nervousness, and equally inner and external discomfort can be relieved by the use of CBD oil in any type. CBD is extracted through the cannabis plant but It's not at all psychoactive in nature as a result of absence of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Quite a few buyers want the use of CBD oil more than standard medications because of its speedy effect and rapid Restoration with the troubling signs or symptoms.
What precisely are the main advantages of employing CBD oil that happen to be impressing even professional medical professionals? Let's Look into some great benefits of CBD oil and extract below:
CBD oil has actually been located to help you the center increase more robust. It helps the circulatory process from the patient as well as can help in preventing significant hypertension.
CBD oil also has some neuroprotective Qualities. It propagates Mind safety in addition to can help ease the signs of any form of mental problem.
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CBD oil could also cbd benefits ease particular most cancers-similar signs and symptoms, based on the hottest research. CBD aids in alleviating pain and vomiting caused by chemotherapy.
Constant usage of CBD on both of those animals and people has also demonstrated favourable outcomes on reducing despair and nervousness. It's selected Houses resulting from which it functions much like a traditional anti-depressant.
CBD, when administered into a individual with THC, will help reduce discomfort brought on by sure diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and numerous sclerosis.
CBD has also demonstrated specific Homes resulting from which it may avoid diabetes combined with the spreading of any sort of tumor growth in animal and human glands.
Scientists have also revealed that CBD can be utilized to deal with clients involved with material abuse and sufferers struggling from mental Conditions like bipolar dysfunction and schizophrenia.
CBD oil and extract would not have any form of Unwanted effects commonly, nevertheless it may cause sure troubles in individuals who may need formulated an allergic response to CBD. The side-outcomes consist of fatigue, any type of change in the weight or urge for food or diarrhea.
CBD is usually consumed in the form of candy or tea. It can be utilized on to the impacted part in the shape of oil or product.
CBD is an awesome supply of medication which might be employed as an alternative to typical medication. Nonetheless, you have to check with all your physician before employing it mainly because you could be allergic on the products. CBD is a great solution, but you will need to be extremely careful though applying it. Also, CBD is efficient only if used with the initial or intermediate levels. It is best to refer to a medical Qualified in the event of a significant case of any condition.
CBD is definitely the question drug that can be extracted from cannabis plants. It's got medicinal Homes on account of which it is actually consumed by a sizable A part of the population. Not long ago it absolutely was located that ache, stress and anxiety Ailments, and in many cases lack of cognitive qualities is often relieved by CBD extract. | <urn:uuid:14a3a874-a525-4dc4-a591-5e66057600b3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://apkprefercom04602.jaiblogs.com/37412459/anything-you-have-to-know-with-regards-to-the-cbd | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.968022 | 731 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Scribendi.com Hosts a BBQ to Benefit Local Greening Initiative
Proceeds will provide pots, soil, seedlings
Our staff came together to organize a barbecue to raise funds for a local greening initiative. All proceeds benefitted the Lower Thames Valley Conservation Authority (LTVCA)—a foundation Scribendi.com has a history of supporting.
"The owners and staff at Scribendi.com demonstrate a keen interest in the ecological health of our region and have contributed to several environmental causes over many years," says Randall Van Wagner, Environmental Project Coordinator for the LTVCA. "Funds raised from this event will assist this not-for-profit program of increasing tree coverage in our region and go towards the purchasing of pots, soil, metal stakes, and seed collection bags. These items will help us propagate seedlings to be planted in the community."
In September, our staff will help plant seedlings and shrubs—purchased with the proceeds from the barbecue—in Chatham, Ontario.
The LTVCA is dedicated to providing services and programs that protect, manage, and improve the local environment. Since 2006, the LTVCA has facilitated the planting of more than 400,000 trees throughout their 3,275 square-kilometer jurisdiction of the lower Thames River.
"Preservation of the environment is the key to everything," stated Chandra Clarke, President of Scribendi.com. "A clean, healthy environment is vital for human health and well-being, and by extension, it is crucial to our community and our economy."
In 2010, Scribendi.com volunteered to spend Earth Day planting trees at Paxton's Bush to benefit the LTVCA. In order to improve the area’s natural habitats, they also donated $1,000 to the Chatham-Kent Green Initiative and the municipality in May 2009, and donated 10,000 peat pots to the Municipality of Chatham-Kent in February 2008. Scribendi.com's head office is also designed to be as green as possible; they have instituted mandatory recycling, installed energy-efficient lighting, and reduced unnecessary paper waste. | <urn:uuid:f87e8c60-b4a2-4c2c-9bd5-4aeff2ac2890> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scribendi.com/news/bbq_for_ltvca.en.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.940172 | 435 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Photo: geaviation.comReading Time: 4 minutes
As the performance of aircraft has increased, the requirements of their engines have also increased. The first aircraft had gasoline engines with pistons and carburetors, current aircraft are powered by jet engines, and new experimental engines might bedriven by ramjet and scramjet technology.
The First Aircraft Engine
The 1903 “Wright Brothers Flyer” was powered by a simple, in-line four cylinder, gasoline powered engine. The engine block was made from cast iron and machined by hand. By current standards it wouldn’t even be used to power a motorcycle, let alone an aircraft. Even though the engine’s horsepower exceeded the amount which the Wright Brothers had originally planned, it still only produced 12 horsepower, which is roughly the same as a riding lawnmower.
Flash forward forty years to the testing grounds of World War II when the American fighter plane, the P51B “mustang” sported an internal combustion engine which in theory, is the same as the Wright brothers engine. Both the Wright Brothers’ and the Rolls-Royce Merlin engines turned a shaft using liquid fuel explosions and pistons, but that’s where the similarities ended. The Merlin engine in the “mustang” (designated V-1650-3 Packard Merlin engine) produced 1,520 horsepower and allowing the plane to have a cruising speed of 340 knots at 10,000 feet. Towards the end of WWII, jet technology was dawning and would forever change the way aircraft were powered.
The Rise of Turbojet Technology
In 1952 the de Havilland Comet jetliner began the first commercial operations using jet technology. This new jet liner was powered by two pairs of de Havilland Ghost 50 Mk1 turbojet engines, which produced 5,000 lbf (22.5 kN) of thrust.
These engines differed greatly from the piston-driven prop setup which had dominated aviation since the very beginning. Jet technology allowed for faster, quieter and more comfortable flight which was better suited the needs of airline passengers. Over the years jet technology became more advanced and more efficient.
Current Jet Engine technology
The venerable Boeing 777 is an example of the optimization of theories developed through four decades of jet travel. It has safely and speedily carried people to their destinations each and every year since 1995. It is the standard for modern travel and flight. The General Electric engines which power this aircraft are feats of engineering and have been improved and perfected constantly since their introduction.
The General Electric GE90 is a series of high-bypass turbofan aircraft engines built by GE Aviation for the Boeing 777, with thrust ratings ranging from 74,000 to 115,000 lbf (330 to 510 kN). According to the Guinness Book of Records, the engine holds the record for the highest thrust at 127,900 lbf (569 kN). This thrust record was accomplished inadvertently as part of a one-hour, triple-red-line engine stress test. The new record was set during testing of a newly developed engine at GE Aviation Peebles Test Operation center. This record beat the engine’s old world record of 122,965 lbf (546.98 kN).
Experimental Ramjet and Scramjet Engines
This type of performance leaves little room for improvement, but on the horizon ramjet and scramjet experimental engines offer insane speed and power for future aircraft. Ramjet and scramjet engines have no moving parts and are powered by the titanic pressures caused by supersonic flight. These types of engines rely on this pressure to ignite the fuel and air mixture in their respective combustion chambers. In ramjets and scramjets the engine relies on high vehicle speed to forcefully compress the incoming air before combustion, but a ramjet decelerates the air to subsonic velocities before combustion.
Ramjets and scramjets differ in that, scramjet engines have supersonic airflow throughout the entire engine, where ramjets slow the air down to subsonic speeds before igniting it. The design of both engines allows them to operate efficiently at extremely high speeds, with the advantage given to the scramjet. How fast do you ask? Well In May 2013 an unmanned X-51A WaveRider reached 4828 km/h (Mach 5.1) during a three-minute flight under scramjet power. If an aircraft were traveling at that speed it would take it 45 minutes to reach New York from London.
The engines used to power our planes through the air have come a long way since the Wright Brothers. Current technology continues to improve. New engines and improvements make flying faster and more efficient. It’s exciting to see what new developments will do to make flight even more comfortable and accessible. Aviation technology like scramjets and ramjets could even make intercontinental commuting something commonplace. There is simply so much advancement and innovation happening, who knows what aviation may look like in twenty years! | <urn:uuid:72e4fb72-81ff-4fae-a242-6dfb32fb0e38> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aviationvoice.com/aviation-engines-past-present-and-future-201606301753/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.961661 | 1,034 | 3.609375 | 4 |
SPRINGFIELD, Ill. – State Rep. Katie Stuart, D-Edwardsville, is working to reverse the increase in license plate fees for small trailers, having introduced legislation that would reduce the annual registration fee from $118 to $18.
“The massive increase in trailer registration fees really hurt local drivers and small businesses,” said Stuart. “These are small trailers that most residents use a few times during the year, and the cost of the fee is out of line with the amount of use people actually get out of their trailer.”
Stuart’s House Bill 36 reduces the annual registration fee for trailers that carry lightweight items like boats or riding lawn mowers from the current $118 back to $18. Lawmakers approved the $100 increase in 2019 as part of a plan to help fund capital projects. Stuart voted against the 2019 increase. Her bill would reverse the increase and alleviate the financial burden on small business owners and working families.
“Many boaters and other residents who use small trailers were surprised to see the jump in registration fees and are struggling to afford it,” said Stuart. “I’ve heard from families for whom it’s now a strain in their budget to register a vehicle that sits in their driveway most of the year. My bill would restore the fee to its original amount, which is much more reasonable.” | <urn:uuid:cfab2257-e688-4c46-9be7-36dadc41fc14> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ilhousedems.com/2021/03/29/stuart-working-to-cut-trailer-registration-fees/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.97324 | 287 | 1.578125 | 2 |
12 окт. 2017 г.
Great into to Java, instructors have clearly put thought in to the format with the choose your own learning style videos, and additional coverage where it may be needed. These have been very helpful.
18 дек. 2015 г.
The course curriculum is well designed and teaches students the basic data structures needed to be a successful software engineer. The project is good, and the weekly assignments are challenging.
автор: Sheikh H A•
22 дек. 2020 г.
Excellent explanation and interactive learning. The way u guys have planned this course is exceptional.
автор: Leonel S A S•
7 июня 2016 г.
Super easy and practical way of leraning the basic data structures, and some other important CS topics.
автор: Shiyang L•
11 мая 2017 г.
Great course. Very clear explanations for java data structures and interesting projects. Thanks UCSD.
автор: krishna s•
30 дек. 2015 г.
Best course on Data Structures with a very cool project to apply the concepts learned in this course.
автор: Jordi C•
12 дек. 2016 г.
This was another outstanding course. I will review what I've learned because everything was useful.
10 июня 2020 г.
I really loved this course. It has a lot skills to learn. And I really appreciate the instructors.
автор: Shashikanth G•
6 июля 2018 г.
Good course on intro to data structures and performance. Excellent explanations of all the topics.
15 авг. 2020 г.
Fantastic ! Interesting ! I love the projects in this course. Looking forward to the next course!
автор: Mert D•
5 дек. 2019 г.
Very good explanations on data structures and various algorithms, I like the topics were covered.
автор: Patrick S C•
14 мар. 2018 г.
Excellent for those eager to learn about more advanced data structures in Java, specially tries.
автор: Guo F•
15 февр. 2020 г.
All of the assignments are well prepared and interesting. I learned quite a lot and enjoyed it!
автор: Vignesh V•
2 сент. 2019 г.
The course was good in terms of the assignments and how it helped at solidifying the knowledge!
автор: baljeet s•
11 дек. 2015 г.
Learned a lot of useful ideas specially how to implement your own data structure efficiently.
автор: Ardi G•
18 февр. 2016 г.
Here I had a good introduction to regular expressions also I like the design of the project.
автор: Hazel P•
13 дек. 2015 г.
A great and comprehensive course. It was well organized and carefully incorporated the user.
автор: Tahir M•
12 июля 2018 г.
Very clear and intuitive explanation of data structures. Well-prepared and fun assignments.
автор: Xuhao W•
20 февр. 2016 г.
A very good course. The concepts are common and basic but the projects are fun and useful.
автор: Hugo R•
26 янв. 2016 г.
Este modulo está muy cargado de información, sin embargo los vídeos están muy bien hechos.
автор: Rajesh S•
18 окт. 2020 г.
Highly recommended course as it focuses on fundamentals and lots of programming practice.
автор: Barkha K•
15 мая 2020 г.
Really nice course got some real implementation of data structure using java.Thanks,team.
автор: Li Y•
15 янв. 2017 г.
Such a wonderful course! It will help you walk through a challenging path to learn java.
автор: Reyter O G C•
5 окт. 2020 г.
Very interesting course, I refreshed some knowledge and learn other things. Very nice
5 апр. 2020 г.
Direct to the point. I can say now I much better understand data structures in Java!
автор: Jekaterina S•
18 янв. 2020 г.
Liked this course very much, comprehensive explanations and challenging assignments.
автор: Pradyumn A•
16 июня 2017 г.
A great course indeed. Taught how to use Data Structures in software development. | <urn:uuid:9e297698-3b52-46c6-b1b1-f208137db532> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ru.coursera.org/learn/data-structures-optimizing-performance/reviews?authMode=signup&page=6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.737274 | 1,157 | 1.703125 | 2 |
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- Greensboro Housing Coalition (GHC) : GHC is a HUD certified Housing Counseling Agency that works with individuals and families at any stage of the continuum from homelessness to homeownership.
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- Guilford County Solution to the Opioid Problem (GCSTOP) : The program engages individuals in harm reduction practices, distributes and trains community members and high-risk populations on the use of naloxone, conducts community health education, coordinates community resources with other community partners, operates mobile and fixed-site syringe exchange programs (SEP), and builds relationships focused on ending opioid overdose
- Faith Action International : We serve and advocate alongside thousands of newcomers each year, while educating and connecting diverse communities across lines of culture and faith – turning strangers into neighbors! | <urn:uuid:fd16e481-6e0b-4666-bc10-0ced4006ed1b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://triadhealthproject.org/get-support/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.925532 | 310 | 1.8125 | 2 |
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according appears beauty become body called cause character Christian church circumstances common Company consequence considerable considered consists constitution course criticism death direct Divine effect employed England English equally established evidence existence expressed eyes fact faith feel France French give given grace ground habits hand heart Holy honour hope House human important increase individual interest labour land language learning least less letters light live look Lord manner means mind moral nature never object observed opinion original parish party perhaps persons poet political poor practice present principles produce question readers reason received religion remarks respect rocks says seems sense Sheridan society soul spirit things thought tion true truth whole writer
Стр. 47 - How calm, how beautiful comes on The stilly hour when storms are gone, When warring winds have died away, And clouds, beneath the glancing ray, Melt off, and leave the land and sea Sleeping in bright tranquillity...
Стр. 88 - twere anew, the gaps of centuries ; Leaving that beautiful which still was so, And making that which was not, till the place Became religion, and the heart ran o'er With silent worship of the great of old ! — The dead, but sceptred sovereigns, who still rule Our spirits from their urns.
Стр. 88 - Caesars' palace came The owl's long cry, and, interruptedly, Of distant sentinels the fitful song Begun and died upon the gentle wind. Some cypresses beyond the time-worn breach Appeared to skirt the horizon ; yet they stood Within a bow-shot.
Стр. 53 - Alas! — how light a cause may move Dissension between hearts that love ! Hearts that the world in vain had tried, And sorrow but more closely tied ; That stood the storm, when waves were rough, Yet in a sunny hour fall off, Like ships that have gone down at sea, When heaven was all tranquillity...
Стр. 145 - It is not growing like a tree In bulk, doth make man better be; Or standing long an oak, three hundred year, To fall a log, at last, dry, bald, and sere: A lily of a day, Is fairer far, in May, Although it fall, and die that night; It was the plant, and flower of light. In small proportions, we just beauties see: And in short measures, life may perfect be.
Стр. 187 - And to the end that we should alway remember the exceeding great love of our Master and only Saviour Jesus Christ, thus dying for us, and the innumerable benefits which, by his precious bloodshedding, he hath obtained to us...
Стр. 87 - Midst the chief relics of almighty Rome ; The trees which grew along the broken arches Waved dark in the blue midnight, and the stars Shone through the rents of ruin ; from afar The watch-dog bayed beyond the Tiber ; and More near from out the Caesars...
Стр. 274 - ... promises, kindly stepped in, and carried him away, to where the wicked cease from troubling, and where the weary are at rest ! It is during the time that we lived on this farm, that my little story is most eventful.
Стр. 160 - This corruption of nature, during this life, doth remain in those that are regenerated; and although it be through Christ pardoned and mortified, yet both itself and all the motions thereof are truly and properly sin. | <urn:uuid:5ce796d6-89ce-486d-9d2e-496df06a66b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://books.google.com.qa/books?id=uPwEAAAAQAAJ&dq=editions:STANFORD36105002500119&hl=ru&output=html&lr= | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.908004 | 888 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Practice Tests >> Test 19
Before trying the test
- You should complete our ‘Environment‘ vocabulary exercises.
- You should watch our ‘Expressing likes and dislikes‘ lesson for Part 2.
Part 2 and Part 3 Practice Test
You’ll need to create a Voicethread account to record yourself. Click the forward arrow at the bottom of the image to begin.
NB: This service requires Flash. Using an ipad or iPhone? | <urn:uuid:38a707ae-f903-42d1-a468-8f60e86cf4d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ieltsspeaking.co.uk/ielts-sample-speaking-test-19/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.830289 | 100 | 2.265625 | 2 |
What Happened To Advertising? What Would Gossage Do?
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Praise for: What Happened To Advertising? What Would Gossage Do?
Massimo Moruzzi, who has lived through the trenches of the dot com implosion and now the ever accelerating growth of social media, is extremely well qualified to stick a giant pin in the ever expanding social media hot-air balloon. And by heck, he certainly does that.
- George Parker, Mad Man, Author of: The Ubiquitous Persuaders
Massimo did not disappoint taking apart the bullshit in advertising today. Buy this book and take the time to read all the references to his research. You will not be disappointed.
- Tony Mariani, Account Executive, Corus Entertainment, Canada
A fantastic semi-rant. Very relevant, especially for suits in the industry who need a little push to start thinking about what advertising is, and how (little) it has actually changed. Also, great source list in every chapter. The sources make it a book that keeps on giving.
- Aron Lindegård, Art Director, Geelmuyden Kiese, Norway
Clear-eyed call to arms from an insider looking at everything that's wrong (and there's a lot) with what passes for modern advertising. Social media won't save you. Ad tech won't save you. Not even all the data in the world will save you. After reading this book you'll know it's time for a creative revolution.
- Stefano Boscutti, Independent Writer and Director, Australia | <urn:uuid:18af9ff1-e4b5-4b8a-97a2-0a33fcc8b360> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bookshop.org/books/what-happened-to-advertising-what-would-gossage-do/9788469727270?aid=2533 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.931041 | 382 | 1.539063 | 2 |
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) protects individuals who are 40 years of age or older from employment discrimination based on age. The ADEA's protections apply to both employees and job applicants. Under the ADEA, it is unlawful to discriminate against a person because of his/her age with respect to any term, condition, or privilege of employment -- including, but not limited to, hiring, firing, promotion, layoff, compensation, benefits, job assignments, and training.
It is also unlawful to retaliate against an individual for opposing employment practices that discriminate based on age or for filing an age discrimination charge, testifying, or participating in any way in an investigation, proceeding, or litigation under the ADEA.
The ADEA applies to employers with 20 or more employees, including state and local governments. It also applies to employment agencies and to labor organizations, as well as to the federal government.
It is generally unlawful for apprenticeship programs, including joint labor-management apprenticeship programs, to discriminate on the basis of an individual's age. Age limitations in apprenticeship programs are valid only if they fall within certain specific exceptions under the ADEA or if the EEOC grants a specific exemption.
JOB NOTICES AND ADVERTISEMENTS
The ADEA makes it unlawful to include age preferences, limitations, or specifications in job notices or advertisements. As a narrow exception to that general rule, a job notice or advertisement may specify an age limit in the rare circumstances where age is shown to be a "bona fide occupational qualification" (BFOQ) reasonably necessary to the essence of the business.
The ADEA does not specifically prohibit an employer from asking an applicant's age or date of birth. However, because such inquiries may deter older workers from applying for employment or may otherwise indicate possible intent to discriminate based on age, requests for age information will be closely scrutinized to make sure that the inquiry was made for a lawful purpose, rather than for a purpose prohibited by the ADEA.
The Older Workers Benefit Protection Act of 1990 (OWBPA) amended the ADEA to specifically prohibit employers from denying benefits to older employees. An employer may reduce benefits based on age only if the cost of providing the reduced benefits to older workers is the same as the cost of providing benefits to younger workers.
At an employer's request, an individual may agree to waive his/her rights or claims under the ADEA. However, the ADEA, as amended by OWBPA, sets out specific minimum standards that must be met in order for a waiver to be considered knowing and voluntary and, therefore, valid.
Among other requirements, a valid ADEA waiver: (1) must be in writing and be understandable; (2) must specifically refer to ADEA rights or claims; (3) may not waive rights or claims that may arise in the future; (4) must be in exchange for valuable consideration; (5) must advise the individual in writing to consult an attorney before signing the waiver; and (6) must provide the individual at least 21 days to consider the agreement and at least 7 days to revoke the agreement after signing it. In addition, if an employer requests an ADEA waiver in connection with an exit incentive program or other employment termination program, the minimum requirements for a valid waiver are more extensive.
Reprinted from www.eeoc.gov | <urn:uuid:a28519ef-8027-41cb-8c56-18b86e7515ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.local1222.org/?zone=/unionactive/view_article.cfm&HomeID=32263&page=Know20Your20Rights | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.943745 | 692 | 2.21875 | 2 |
This article aims to study the materiality of diplomatic relations between Mamluk Egypt and the Mali and Borno sultanates by reconstructing a Mamluk diplomatic letter from 1440, which has now disappeared. Using the Computer‑Assisted Drawing and 15th century Mamluk chancery manuals, it is possible to reconstruct a Mamluk pseudo‑letter from a copy of a letter authorizing the Sultan of Takrūr’s visit to Cairo for the pilgrimage to Mecca. The reproduction of an artifact of Mamluk power for the Islamic rulers of the Sahel is an opportunity to test the chancery standards enunciated by the Mamluk secretaries on a text that is deprived of its validation marks. Above all, the analysis of the result makes it possible to question the material role of letters in trans-Saharan diplomatic exchanges, in the context of the diplomacy of the ḥaǧǧ of Sahelian sultans as well as the material flows of the written materials on both sides of the Sahara.
|Translated title of the contribution||Resurrect the archive. Reconstruction and History of a Mamluk Letter to the Sultan of Takrūr (1440)|
|Number of pages||37|
|Publication status||Published - 20 Oct 2020| | <urn:uuid:32f1f9af-d95e-49e9-bc40-fcbca75b6746> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://researchportal.northumbria.ac.uk/en/publications/resurrect-the-archive-reconstruction-and-history-of-a-mamluk-lett | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.87257 | 319 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Leinster House is covered in protective screens, as refurbishment on the parliament building continues. They provide an opportune canvas for proclaiming the centenary of Dáil Éireann, marked last week in the original setting, Dublin’s Mansion House.
On Tuesday a matter of days after that milestone, Seanad Éireann, the step-sibling of the Dáil and brainchild of the 1937 Constitution as a replacement for the old Free State Senate, conducted a curious piece of business – an address to the house by GAA president John Horan.
It was curious in that it didn’t command much advance publicity and it was the first time that the president of the association (which is of course 35 years older than Dáil Éireann) had been invited to address one of the Houses of the Oireachtas – as provided for under the procedures of the Senate, allowing ‘people from public and civic society’ to appear before the House.
Horan’s address covered a range of topics, none likely to start a row – or on a given night even a conversation – in a club bar, but a snapshot of broader concerns in the life of the association as filtered for a legislative assembly: acknowledgement of the crossover between the GAA and politics, gratitude for public funds, the social value of the association as both a recreational outlet in increasingly sedentary times and a ‘focal point in the community’.
There were also more direct hits. The question of sporting infrastructure – a particular concern in Horan’s own county, Dublin – was raised.
“Green space and sports facilities are the lungs that communities use to breathe. Without them, we can see how areas can feel closed and claustrophobic and choked – starved of the oxygen that sport, any sport, can provide.
“We urgently need politicians and planners to promise, protect and provide green space to let people breathe and let communities play.”
Referring to the ever-closer ties between the association and its sister sports camogie and women’s football, he announced that next month’s annual congress would hear a motion to put the CEOs of the two women’s organisations onto the GAA’s management committee.
This wasn’t going to be a hard audience. The nature of the invitation made that obvious but so did the very crossover between the GAA and politics that he had initially referenced.
The association is well represented in the Senate and a number of the senators have had high-profile roles in the GAA. Leader of the House Jerry Buttimer – who together with Cathaoirleach Denis O'Donovan issued the invitation – was a member of the Cork county executive, John O'Mahony managed All-Ireland-winning teams and Paudie Coffey hurled for Waterford.
Much of the interaction was positive with speakers commending the work done by the GAA and acknowledging policies such as the distancing of the association from gambling and alcohol sponsorships.
There were, however some more querulous notes struck. Last week’s announcement of admission price increases surfaces, as does the Sky television deal.
Aodhán Ó Ríordáin was one of those to express that concern: “Cost needs to be re-examined when it’s the difference between going and not going [to matches] or watching and not watching”.
Without taking the president's senate experience into Julius Caesar territory, Sinn Féin senator Rose Conway-Walsh details a list of questions, including the above matters but also launches the most party political point of the afternoon, quoting Rule 1.2 from the GAA rule book:
"Basic Aim – The Association is a National Organisation which has as its basic aim the strengthening of the National Identity in a 32 County Ireland through the preservation and promotion of Gaelic Games and pastimes."
She asks what steps the association has taken to engage in the conversation on national unity.
(Presumably, ‘the preservation and promotion of Gaelic games and pastimes’.)
Horan was more assured when dealing with the price increases than he had been a week previously when a detour into corporate speak – “business structure” and “our product, our games” - caused annoyance. But no matter how worthy the projects to be funded by price hikes, they are a hard sell.
In a way the most interesting contributions came from those with a non-GAA background, outlining how they became involved. Victor Boyhan refers to his Church of Ireland upbringing in Monkstown ("halfway between Cuala and Kilmacud Crokes") and how despite problems – "even playing on a Sunday in the 1960s" – he became interested in hurling.
The GAA faces a number of difficult issues in the next couple of years: finding optimum championship structures, rebalancing the club-county fixtures and coping with whatever challenges a redrawn EU might create on the island.
These weren’t up for discussion in the Seanad but the event demonstrated one of the GAA’s proudest claims – that it retains a central place (or ‘relevance’ as the president puts it) in the life of the country.
That sense of connection between the GAA and the community at large was vividly and sadly evident in a number of references by speakers to the awful road accident at the weekend in Donegal, which took the lives of four young men: John Harley, Shaun Harkin, Mícheál Roarty and Daniel Scott. The GAA president offered his condolences to the families. | <urn:uuid:0c4f3cd3-8227-4ec1-b77b-b42a819bc8dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/gaelic-games/horan-breaks-new-ground-as-gaa-president-addresses-seanad-1.3775206 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.964832 | 1,184 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Trivialising the plight of landless black people denigrates our Constitution and spits in the face of the fight for social justice
The preamble to the Constitution asserts that the people of South Africa recognise the injustices of the past and are therefore committed to the attainment of social justice for all who live in the country.
The Constitution has been hailed as progressive.
In a society that threatens to be quite conservative, our Constitution stands valiantly. Bold in its inclusiveness, it is coloured in liberal ideas and cloaked in transformation.
Praise for the Constitution extends beyond our borders.
Harvard scholar Cass Sunstein called it the most admirable Constitution in the history of the world, and a US Supreme Court Justice hailed it as a “great piece of work that embraces basic human rights”.
The presumption would therefore be that South Africans are reaping the rewards of the social justice promised by this supreme law.
Unfortunately, this praised progression is a myth for the majority of black people.
Despite all the rights that stand attractive on paper, a simple look into the world’s most unequal country informs even the biggest optimist that the Constitution alone is unable to translate into the attainment of social justice.
The deification of the Constitution has led to what legal scholars like Tshepo Madlingozi call a “fetishisation of human rights”.
Such glorification makes state representatives oblivious to the fact that the struggles that confront most black people today are the same as those they faced pre-1994.
If one were to put aside the promises that exist on paper and look only at lived realities, it would be clear that black people still carry the burden of normalised social injustices. Umhlaba usabolile.
The prevalence of illegal evictions is one of these normalised social injustices.
On July 1, a video of a naked Bulelani Qolani being violently evicted from his home in Khayelitsha, Cape Town, circulated on the internet.
It shows law enforcement officials from the City of Cape Town dragging the nude 28-year-old out of his shack in full view of the public.
The city continues to conduct these illegal evictions despite the Disaster Management Act’s prohibition of evictions during lockdown.
Apartheid’s spatial planning and racist land and property laws left many black people displaced and dispossessed.
These laws entrenched socioeconomic inequality through common law.
Legislation favoured property rights and thus private landowners could vindicate these rights through eviction processes without consideration of the occupiers’ circumstances.
Spatial planning meant that many black people were deprived of formal access to land and housing, and were relegated to the homelands.
Because of an abundance of legislation, including the Natives Land Act 27 of 1913, the Group Areas Act 41 of 1950 and the Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act 52 of 1951, the majority of black people still find themselves on the periphery of human rights.
The residue from racialised land and property laws has left an unshakeable stench that has resulted in the right to housing being one of the most litigated rights.
Today, most black people find themselves in undesirable living conditions, waiting on the promise of service delivery.
The disparities between people’s lived realities and the Constitution’s promise of human rights are inescapable.
Section 26(1) of the Constitution provides that “everyone has the right to have access to adequate housing”, while section 26(2) indicates that “the state must take reasonable legislative and other measures, within its available resources, to achieve the progressive realisation of this right”.
This momentous right is a preventive measure against a system of laws that sought to ostracise black people from their own country.
To this end, section 26(3) provides that “no one may be evicted from their home, or have their home demolished, without an order of court made after considering all the relevant circumstances. No legislation may permit arbitrary evictions.”
The Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act was enacted to give effect to section 26(3).
It protects against the eviction of unlawful occupiers living on both privately and publicly owned land.
Despite these rights and an array of case law in support of them, poverty continues to be criminalised in South Africa, as communities and individuals are frequently and violently evicted from the places they call home.
The right to housing is an all-encompassing right. As shown by Government of the Republic of South Africa and Others v Grootboom and Others in 2000, housing is about more than bricks and mortar.
The right is informed by and informs other rights such as the right to dignity, privacy, water, and safety and security.
More than half of South Africa’s population live in poverty, and it is probable that the housing crisis is at the heart of their destitution.
The rights exist and the legal jurisprudence is rich, but they often fail to translate into people’s lived experiences.
In an article titled Social Justice in A Time of Neo-Apartheid Constitutionalism: Critiquing the Anti-Black Economy of Recognition, Incorporation and Distribution, Madlingozi eloquently states that poor black people fall on the other side of the promise of a new South Africa.
Informed by a report from the shack dwellers’ movement Abahlali baseMjondolo, Madlingozi refers to South Africans who have been excluded from the miracle of the transition as “the forgotten”, those who are excluded from reaping the benefits of basic human rights despite the legal jurisprudence that continues to develop in their name.
My first introduction to the Constitution and constitutional law was in my second year of my public policy and administration class, when a student was explaining the separation of powers doctrine and used the Grootboom judgment as an example of a case in which the court reminded government of its constitutional obligation to provide adequate housing.
That case concerns Irene Grootboom, who brought the application on behalf of 510 children and 390 adults who were rendered homeless when they were evicted from their informal homes situated on private land.
The application was for an order that required government to provide the respondents with adequate basic shelter or housing until they obtained permanent accommodation.
True to the circuitous nature of the legal system, Grootboom died eight years after the judgment, still waiting for reasonable accommodation from the state.
Today, the judgment remains a powerful precedent for communities under threat of eviction as it implores government to be consistent with its constitutional obligations to provide adequate housing.
That case is an example of how legal jurisprudence is enriched in the name of the forgotten, who, unfortunately, never see beyond their deplorable living conditions.
But developing legal jurisprudence often conceals the fact that black South Africans are still confronted with the same issues that trammelled them during the merciless years of apartheid.
Black people still bear the brunt of normalised social injustices, and the promise of the Constitution is frequently offered as a panacea.
It has been 26 years since apartheid property and land laws were abolished, but the stain of displacement still lingers.
Black people still exist on the periphery of belonging.
A day after the video of Qolani’s eviction circulated, he told a journalist: “Basihlisile isidima sam [They have deprived me of my dignity].”
These fervent words lament the history of dispossession suffered by black people at the hands of a merciless state.
It all comes down to the fight for dignity; a fight for the attainment of social justice for all who live in South Africa.
Dondashe is a postgraduate law student at the University of Cape Town | <urn:uuid:e36dc35e-cbeb-4472-8c9a-2365b2ab133b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.news24.com/citypress/voices/the-plight-of-landless-black-people-20200804 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.951643 | 1,635 | 2.265625 | 2 |
ATP Swab Testing
While methods to clean and sanitize surfaces and equipment in the healthcare environment vary, the need to measure the effectiveness of cleaning practices is universal.
Contaminated surfaces and equipment can quickly lead to microbial contamination, and ultimately, the infection of patients or personnel. ATP cleaning verification provides accurate and meaningful results that can help a healthcare facility or vehicle define and monitor a cleaning standard to make sure that standard is maintained.
The detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the universal unit of energy in all living cells, immediately determines if surfaces and reusable medical equipment are truly clean. This is why INNOV8 uses only the best products available and is proud to partner with Hygiena™.
Hygiena™ has been closely monitoring the Coronavirus (COVID-19) situation and the implications it has for our employees, customers and communities. During this time we have received a multitude of questions regarding our solutions as they pertain to the situation.
Due to this, we wanted to take this time to explain how our ATP Cleaning Verification products work and are suggested to be used in this troubling time.
How Hygiena ATP Cleaning Verification Products work
- Hygiena’s cleaning verification products can tell you in as little as 15 seconds if a surface has been cleaned properly using ATP.
- ATP is an energy molecule found in all plant, animal and microbial cells. It fuels metabolic processes such as cellular reproduction, muscle contraction, plant photosynthesis, respiration in fungi, and fermentation in yeast. All organic matter (living or once-living) contains ATP, including food, bacteria, mould and other microorganisms.
- Hygiena™ ATP testing devices contain a natural enzyme found in fireflies. This enzyme, called luciferase, produces a simple bioluminescence (light-producing) reaction when it comes into contact with ATP. Using bioluminescence technology, our ATP Meters can measure extremely low levels of ATP collected with testing devices. Measuring the amount of bioluminescence from an ATP reaction provides an excellent indication of surface cleanliness because the quantity of light generated by the reaction is directly proportional to the amount of ATP present in the sample. | <urn:uuid:1ad665d3-4ecf-46b6-8f19-39a86ae288be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.innov8cleaning.co.uk/technology/atp-swab-testing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.919692 | 468 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Canadian Forest Service Publications
Trace gas and particulate emissions from biomass burning in temperate ecosystems. 1990. Cofer, W.R.; Levine, J.S.; Winstead, E.L.; Stocks, B.J. J.S.Levine, editor. Pages 203-208 in Chapman conference on global biomass burning: atmospheric, climatic, and biospheric implications. Williamsburg, VA March 19-23. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Maine.
Issued by: Great Lakes Forestry Centre
Catalog ID: 38692
Availability: PDF (request by e-mail) | <urn:uuid:42683b4f-5017-4aef-aef6-9e77de3b3884> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/publications?id=38692 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.727538 | 133 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Purpose: To evaluate refractive error and its demographic associations in an urban and rural population in northern China.
Design: Epidemiological study.
Participants: The Beijing Eye Study is a population-based cohort study in northern China including 4439 subjects. Excluding pseudophakic and aphakic patients, the present study involved 4319 subjects. It was divided into a rural part (1905 [44.1%] subjects) and an urban part (2414 [55.9%] subjects). Mean age was 55.85+/-10.33 years (range, 40-90).
Methods: Standardized ophthalmologic examination. For statistical analysis, the spherical equivalent was converted to binary variables, and logistic regression was used to investigate the association with continuous or categorical independent variables.
Main outcome measure: Refractive error.
Results: Mean refractive error measured -0.33+/-2.22 diopters (D) (range, -20.88 to +7.88). Myopia of >-0.50 D, -1.0 D, >-6.0 D, and >-8 D, respectively, occurred in 22.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.7-24.2), 16.9% (95% CI, 15.8-18.0), 2.6% (95% CI, 2.2-3.1), and 1.5% (95% CI, 1.1-1.9) of the subjects, respectively. Myopic refractive error was associated significantly with younger age (P<0.001), urban region (vs. rural region) (P<0.001), higher educational background (P<0.001), higher degree of nuclear cataract (P<0.001), decreasing uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) (P<0.001), decreasing best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (P<0.001), and female gender (P<0.001). Prevalence of high myopia (myopic refractive error >-8 D) was associated with age (P<0.001), female gender (P = 0.020), urban region (P = 0.023), and lower BCVA (P<0.001). Mean anisometropia was 1.09+/-2.03 D (median, 0.38; range, 0-22.0). Prevalence of anisometropia of > or =1 D was associated significantly with age (P<0.001), refractive error (P<0.001), BCVA (P<0.001), and region (P<0.001). Mean astigmatic error measured 0.62+/-0.90 D (median, 0.25; range, 0-7.50). Astigmatism of > or =1 D was associated significantly with age (P<0.001), lower UCVA (P = 0.003), lower BCVA (P<0.001), urban area (P<0.001), and degree of cortical cataract (P = 0.027).
Conclusions: As in other population-based studies on Chinese, myopia was more prevalent in younger subjects. Myopia was associated with urban region, educational background, female gender, decreasing visual acuity, and nuclear cataract. If longitudinal studies confirm the association of refractive error with age, refractive surgery may achieve emmetropia only for a limited time. | <urn:uuid:b4ae06ce-40ad-4632-9494-5e36015bba69> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16111755/?dopt=Abstract | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.86998 | 739 | 1.867188 | 2 |
For the past 68 years, BP has published its Annual Statistical Review of World Energy, an impressive collection of global energy data that offers a retrospective view of what has happened in the world of energy production, consumption, trade, and related issues.
This week, host Jason Bordoff is joined by Spencer Dale, BP’s Chief Economist. He is responsible for advising BP’s board and executive team, and manages BP’s global economics team, providing economic input into the firm’s commercial decisions.
Jason and Spencer discuss trends, key findings and insights from this year’s report, including the fact that as global energy consumption grew rapidly in 2018, carbon emissions rose at their highest rate in seven years. Jason and Spencer discuss the mismatch between growing calls to act on climate change, growing energy demand, and increasing global carbon emissions. They discuss the unique double-firsts in the U.S. last year, recording the single largest-ever annual increases by any country in both oil and gas production. They discuss how an unusually large number of hot and cold days in the U.S., China and Russia drove strong growth in energy consumption in 2018, and the importance of decarbonizing the power sector to meet our global climate goals. They also discussed BP’s role in fighting climate change. | <urn:uuid:5608f0da-61cd-4f7a-a7e0-00fc9d41cc30> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://columbiaenergyexchange.libsyn.com/podcast/bp-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2019 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950361 | 268 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Winter Activities Math- Dress warm Seasonal Clothing & Activities Write about the Seasons Spring- Clothes & Actvities Math-Dress the Snowman Spring- ClothingSummer Activities Activities we do in seasons Activities we do in seasons Things we do in the Fall Summer Activities Summer Olympic Swimming Clothes for the Seasons Clothes for the seaons Dressing & Playing in the Fall Things we do in the Fall
What do people wear in the 4 different seasons of the year? How does weather affect how we dress? What activities do people do in each season? How does weather affect what we do? | <urn:uuid:670298fb-e54a-4a29-aa63-255e5b8065a1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://eduiphone.symbaloo.com/mix/seasons-people | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.882866 | 135 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Judging a safe speed
All vessels must travel at a safe speed at all times. A safe speed gives you enough time to stop or turn your vessel to avoid any sudden danger, such as a collision, injury to people, or damage to things.
Most NSW waterways have no speed limit. However, you must always travel at a safe speed.
A safe speed depends on many variables. These include the conditions, time of day, type of vessel, and your experience driving it. As the skipper, a safe speed is something you must constantly judge and adjust as you travel.
When judging your vessel's speed, you must always consider these circumstances and conditions:
- visibility – for example, rain, fog, mist, smoke or glare
- other vessels – on busy waterways and near moored or anchored vessels, commercial vessels displaying special signals, and large vessels that are restricted in their manoeuvrability
- manoeuvrability of your vessel – in particular the distance it takes to stop or turn. Your manoeuvrability is affected by your speed, the wind and current, and the vessel's design.
- at night (between sunset and sunrise) – potential hazards may not be lit or easily seen. Background lights on the shore – or even lights on your own vessel – can make it hard to see other vessels.
- navigation hazards – such as unmarked or unlit hazards, and signs, buoys, marks or lights that have moved or been damaged.
- shallow water – water depth can vary and change frequently.
In these circumstances or conditions you may need to slow down to travel at a safe speed.
If you drive at a speed that's not safe for the conditions, your licence can be cancelled and your vessel can be taken away.
Some areas do have speed limits. Where there's a speed sign, you must not travel faster than the speed shown on the sign.
Even when there's a speed limit, you must travel at a safe speed at all times. This may mean going slower than the speed limit.
Speed limits are in knots, in the direction shown by arrows on the sign. They are usually 4 or 8 knots, but can also be 6, 10 or 15 knots.
There are also speed limits when towing.
The Sydney Harbour Bridge Transit Zone has a 15 knot speed limit. | <urn:uuid:0a53c1be-b2f7-4895-b833-52d114f3d11e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nsw.gov.au/driving-boating-and-transport/waterways-safety-and-rules/rules/safe-speed | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950293 | 480 | 2.875 | 3 |
Comprehension by Inference Is Reading Between Lines
As you learned in a previous column, there are four levels of comprehension or understanding: literal (stated facts), interpretive (implied facts), critical (making judgments), and creative (evoking an emotional response or forming new ideas).
Today, we are going to explore the area of interpretation (often referred to as “inference”) because your child deals with this level of understanding very often in school.
Let me repeat: Applying inference skills involves the interpretive level of comprehension. Often a textbook author does not literally state information. Thus, it is up to the students to infer such implied facts from the information given.
So, in order for students to better understand textbook materials at the inferential level, they must have the ability to thoroughly understand the writer’s written words, including indirect messages. In practice, students must learn to combine information from their own background knowledge and experiences with the facts from the textbook for inferential comprehension to occur.
In other words, the more familiar your child is with the textbook information (having past exposure to the topic), the easier it is for him or her to infer unstated facts. Simply stated, a reader who uses inference skills is “reading between the lines” to extract deeper meaning from the textbook selection.
The following are 12 types of inferences that are found in most textbooks. Learning these uses of inference will give the student a more complete awareness of comprehension at the interpretive level. Also, to see how well you can infer, try to answer the question after each inference example. The correct answers are at the end of the column.
1. Location Inferences: They imply where an event takes place.
Example – The taste of salt was in Bob’s mouth after swimming and surfing. Where was Bob?
2. Agent Inferences: They imply what a person’s job or occupation is.
Example – With a mop in one hand and a bucket of soapy water in the other, Fred prepared to clean the office floor. What is Fred’s occupation?
3. Time Inferences: They imply when an event takes place.
Example – When the street lights went on, the boys headed home on their bikes. When did the street lights turn on?
4. Action Inferences: They imply what a person is doing.
Example – The slope was covered with layers of snow, but Margaret knew she must push off quickly if she wanted to reach the bottom of the mountain first. What was Margaret doing?
5. Instrument Inference: They imply what thing is being used.
Example – We heard a buzzing sound, then a gnawing sound, as it cut through the tree limb. What is being used?
6. Category Inferences: They imply that groups of things or experiences are related.
Example – The workers picked Macintosh, Greenings, Delicious, and Granny Smiths. To what category do these names belong?
7. Object Inferences: They imply what an object is.
Example – They marched proudly down the street, carrying the “stars and stripes.” To what does the phrase “stars and stripes” refer?
8. Cause-Effect Inferences: They imply what caused something to happen.
Example – In the hallway closet were old woolen clothes with many holes in them. What caused the holes in the clothing?
9. Problem-Solving Inferences: They imply how to solve problems, especially in the areas of mathematics and science.
Example – John was cutting the grass in his yard when the lawnmower stopped running. What should John do?
10. Feeling-Attitude Inferences: They imply how a person is feeling.
Example – What Larry made the final winning foul shot of the championship game, all his fans began to wildly cheer him. What feelings did Larry experience?
11. Forward Inferences: They imply what will happen next.
Example – Tom put his Callaway clubs in the trunk of his car and left. What was Tom planning to do?
12. Backward Inferences: They imply what happened in the past.
Example – Mr. Wiley made sure to place smoke detectors in every room of his new three-bedroom house. What happened in the past to Mr. Wiley?
In sum, being able to read literally in a subject area is not enough if students are to engage in serious textbook study. They must also read to identify what the author meant as well as was stated on the surface. In other words, students need to know how to interpret or “read between the lines.”
Answers to inference questions: 1. The Ocean; 2. A Custodian; 3. Nighttime; 4. Skiing; 5. Chain Saw; 6. Apples; 7. The American Flag; 8. Moths; 9. Check the Gas; 10. Pride and Elation, etc.; 11. Play Golf; 12. Mr. Wiley’s old house burned down.
“You must get involved to have an impact. No one is impressed by the win-loss record of the referee.”
– John H. Holcomb.
Next Month’s Column: “The Importance of Context Clues.”
Dr. Bill Welker is a retired reading specialist who was a K-12 classroom teacher for 40 years. He was selected as a “Teacher of the Year” by the Wheeling Area Chamber of Commerce. Most recently, Dr. Welker was inducted into the West Virginia University College of Education and Human Services’ Jasper N. Deahl Honors Society for career achievement and community involvement. His e-mail is firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:6891d223-89af-4c69-a638-fb8cbcaf9a14> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theintelligencer.net/opinion/local-columns/2014/11/comprehension-by-inference-is-reading-between-lines/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.954989 | 1,203 | 4.125 | 4 |
SelfMade Health Network envisions a nation in which multi-generational vulnerable populations with low socioeconomic status, residing throughout rural, urban and frontier regions have equitable awareness and access to geographic and culturally-relevant information.
We envision a nation in which underserved communities also possess equitable access to current, evidence-based resources and affordable services provided by a national, regional, local and statewide network of health, human, and community-based systems. As valued members of society, they routinely utilize these services leading to greater opportunities for more informed decisions about cancer-free living and tobacco-free environments.
SelfMade Health Network specifically focuses on reducing and eliminating tobacco-related and cancer health disparities in documented populations with low socioeconomic status (SES) characteristics. Through the establishment of membership-based partnerships at national, state and regional levels, coupled with the promotion of new insights and innovative solutions, SelfMade Health Network strives to link vulnerable populations to essential information, resources and services to assure the provision of equitable preventive care and environmental support where otherwise unavailable.
Through the establishment of cross-cutting leadership, the mission of SelfMade Health Network is to create a collaborative network in which generations of populations “at risk” of having poor physical, psychological, and/or social health can connect with resources to effectively meet their needs related to cancer prevention and reduced risks associated with tobacco use.
The SelfMade Health Network is operated by Patient Advocate Foundation. SelfMade Health Network’s funding comes from the Office on Smoking and Health (OSH) and Division of Cancer Prevention and Control (DCPC) within the CDC, distributed through the CDC-RFA-DP18-1808 "Networking2Save"-National Network Approach to Preventing and Controlling Tobacco-related Cancers in Special Populations Agreement.
SelfMade Health Network is one of the newest members of the CDC’s consortium of national networks established to advance prevention efforts related to tobacco-related and cancer health disparities among vulnerable populations. Working alongside SelfMade Health Network as sibling networks, the following have also been awarded a cooperative agreement to address tobacco-related and cancer health disparities in their respective populations.
This information would be helpful to organizations (private, non-profit), and national associations new to the CDC world or these terms or acronyms such as: Networking2Save, DP18-1808, etc. This information is also beneficial to state programs (especially those with new staff) and their partner organizations, as it reveals an official designation by the CDC and displays that we are part of a larger entity.CDC National Comprehensive Cancer Control Program (NCCCP) - Networking2Save (DP18-1808) CDC Smoking & Tobacco Use- Networking2Save: CDC’s National Network Approach to Preventing and Controlling Tobacco-related Cancers in Special Populations
Other sibling networks include:
Reaching Asian Americans Pacific Islanders through Innovative Strategies to Achieve Equity (RAISE)
The Center for Black Health & Equity
Nuestras Voces (Our Voices)
Geographic Health Equity Alliance
National Native Network
National Behavioral Health Network for Tobacco & Cancer Control | <urn:uuid:b6858411-11f9-46ac-bc81-892d5e759f16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://selfmadehealth.org/about/mission/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.899145 | 648 | 2.171875 | 2 |
The ancient Roman city of Luni, and in villages scattered in the hills of the Riviera of La Spezia. Visit La Spezia and surroundings, with the biological disctrict of Val di Vara, historic Sarzana
The bay, windy storms, three islands, a gulf, many medieval villages, each with its own identity, all under the aegis of slightly larger, unique and refined municipalities. In one word poetic
Visit of Portovenere: one of the most enchanting Italian Fishing Villages. Discover how is quarried the world-famous ‘White Carrara marble’. Lunch at the Marble Village of Colonnata and tasting of Local Products
Nature, Culture, Food & Wine, History. Visiting Portovenere and the Lunigiana means discovering a land full of history and a bit of mystery, between Liguria and Tuscany.
Visit the Italian Riviera; Portofino does not have its own train station, so if you are taking a train for your Portofino day trip the closest station is in Santa Margherita Ligure.
Visit the lovely hamlets, Portovenere, Tellaro, Le Grazie & Fezzano, La Spezia, Lerici, San Terenzo
Escape the crowds and explore the Cinque Terre and surrounding coastline by road, from La Spezia to skirt the Ligurian shore past Portovenere to the most famous fishing villages in Italy. Enjoy free time to explore on your own. On the way back to La Spezia, stop in Portovenere to sightsee and visit. | <urn:uuid:b9c200aa-3bfc-4bf4-bbd5-72aabf11bb7e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.itmoving.it/portfolio-filter/bay-of-poets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.876398 | 339 | 1.570313 | 2 |
2.4.1. Digital TV frontend open()¶
fe-open - Open a frontend device
Device to be opened.
Open flags. Access can either be
Multiple opens are allowed with
O_RDONLY. In this mode, only query and read ioctls are allowed.
Only one open is allowed in
O_RDWR. In this mode, all ioctls are allowed.
O_NONBLOCKflag is given, the system calls may return
EAGAINerror code when no data is available or when the device driver is temporarily busy.
Other flags have no effect.
This system call opens a named frontend device
/dev/dvb/adapter?/frontend?) for subsequent use. Usually the first
thing to do after a successful open is to find out the frontend type
with ioctl FE_GET_INFO.
The device can be opened in read-only mode, which only allows monitoring of device status and statistics, or read/write mode, which allows any kind of use (e.g. performing tuning operations.)
In a system with multiple front-ends, it is usually the case that
multiple devices cannot be open in read/write mode simultaneously. As
long as a front-end device is opened in read/write mode, other
calls in read/write mode will either fail or block, depending on whether
non-blocking or blocking mode was specified. A front-end device opened
in blocking mode can later be put into non-blocking mode (and vice
versa) using the F_SETFL command of the fcntl system call. This is a
standard system call, documented in the Linux manual page for fcntl.
open() call has succeeded, the device will be ready for use in
the specified mode. This implies that the corresponding hardware is
powered up, and that other front-ends may have been powered down to make
220.127.116.11. Return Value¶
open() returns the new file descriptor.
On error, -1 is returned, and the
errno variable is set appropriately.
Possible error codes are:
On success 0 is returned, and
ca_slot_info is filled.
On error -1 is returned, and the
errno variable is set
The caller has no permission to access the device.
The the device driver is already in use.
The process already has the maximum number of files open.
The limit on the total number of files open on the system has been reached.
The generic error codes are described at the Generic Error Codes chapter. | <urn:uuid:223570c7-705a-416e-97c4-943d9434c98c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v5.12/userspace-api/media/dvb/frontend_f_open.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.856247 | 654 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Shopping for consumer goods
Shopping is a very important part of life, but shoppers arc faced with a confusing and rapidly changing situation. The confusion arises from the claims made by advertising, a wider choice of goods than ever before, and new places to shop. The prices of clothes, shoes, and make-up have gone sky-high, so it's vital that you do not waste your money and that you shop carefully for value.
Be sure of what you want — never shop vaguely, because when you get home your purchase may not match anything else you've got.
Shop around for the best price and quality. Start with a department store, where they stock a wide range of goods and souvenirs. There you can find many departments: haberdashery, hosiery, drapery, millinery, ladieswear, menswear, and footwear. If you are looking for a skirt and a top to go with it, you'll need "Separates". You'll find shorts or T-shirts in "Leisurewear", jumpers in "Knitwear", and a nightdress in "Nightwear". In "Accessories" they sell belts, gloves, and purses. Try on all the trousers or dresses they have in the line although it may be quite boring to wait if the changing room is occupied. Check out the racks with the sign "sale". Although it usually seems to be the small sizes that are offered in sales, you can sometimes find some super buys.
Feeling cheered up by your new purchase, don't forget to keep the receipt, in case an item turns out to be faulty. You'll need the receipt if you want to exchange the item or have your money refunded. If you are a bargain-hunter, try clothes markets. They often don't have the high overheads of town shops and can therefore keep prices lower, though they can stock substandard goods. Flea markets are not the best place to buy anything. The prices are low, but the quality is, too.
Don't put off the purchase of festive gifts until there are only two days left before a holiday. Department stores are swarming with last-minute shoppers, so you may haveto queue for half an hour at the checkout till. From everywhere you can hear people swapping rumours, 'They have sold out all the scarves', 'They have run out of that cream'. You inevitably get involved in exchanging remarks with other people in the queue or with salesgirls. Sometimes the talk gets so interesting that the cashier's question whether you want to pay in cash or by credit card takes you by surprise. Anyway, you pay and feel happy that you have made a bargain, which puts you in a good mood.
Dear friends, make shopping entertaining. Shop together with your friends. Enjoy attractively designed displays and well-dressed shoppers browsing through trendy items. Then you will definitely like it.
Date: 2015-04-20; view: 1251 | <urn:uuid:d851278f-f42c-4277-90ff-408abdcf41a7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://doclecture.net/1-19831.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.966728 | 611 | 2.234375 | 2 |
- Reading and JLPT level
見通し, 見透し, 見通 JLPT 1
- Kana Reading
- Word Senses
Examples of 見通し, 見透し, 見通, みとおし in a sentence
What will the Japanese economy be like next year?
They hoped to change their outlook and plans.
They blamed me for my lack of foresight.
Clear foresight contributed greatly to his success.
There are bright prospects of success.
The outlook was negative.
Kanji in this word
transparent, permeate, filter, penetrateLearn more
traffic, pass through, avenue, commute, counter for letters, notes, documents, etc.Learn more
The Nihongo Master Podcast!
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With three subscription types to choose from, there's one to fit every student's budget.Start your free 7-day trial now! | <urn:uuid:e3cb1dca-3071-42cc-a1af-dc38a981e318> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nihongomaster.com/japanese/dictionary/word/58208/mitooshi | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.876871 | 322 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Date of Award
Program or Major
Master of Science
Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is a high precision time synchronization protocol designed to operate over a local area network. PTP, often referred to as 1588, is defined by the IEEE Standard 1588(TM)-2008. The protocol theoretically allows synchronization at the nanosecond level. New devices with support for 1588 are emerging into the market, but there have been few studies on real 1588 devices. Our research was broken into two parts: Phase 1 and Phase 2. Phase 1 studied performance of the protocol in an environment where two 1588 devices are connected via a network in which impairments that are typically observed in real networks are introduced and non-1588 devices are present. Measuring the Pulse-Per-Second (PPS) clock outputs of the 1588 boards, we were able to calculate the standard deviation and the mean synchronization error of the 1588 clocks. When we applied latency via network emulators and traffic generators between the 1588 connections, we found that 1588 boards were unable to maintain high accuracy time synchronization under variable and asymmetric latency. The results provide valuable insight into the real-world accuracy and robustness because it is rare that a network will contain neither variable or asymmetric latency. In Phase 2 we studied the impact of latency and high-bandwidth background traffic on 1588 clock synchronization when connected through 1588 and non-1588 aware switches. We found that 1588 aware switches provide higher precision time synchronization in small networks; but in large networks where congestion is present 1588 aware switches were unable to maintain high accuracy clock synchronization without prioritization. Our results also show that having cut-through Enterprise Ethernet switches connected to high congestion endpoints with priorities enabled is adequate for maintaining sub-microsecond synchronization performance.
Zarick, Ryan A., "The Impact of Network Latency on the Synchronization of Real-World IEEE 1588-2008 Devices Using 1588 and non-1588 Aware Switches" (2011). Master's Theses and Capstones. 646. | <urn:uuid:e6122ae6-3819-4f91-9cb6-4395f327e89f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/646/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.915684 | 468 | 3.03125 | 3 |
On September 26, 2017, Mick was a panelist at the “Breaking the Sound Panel,” an event hosted by University of Connecticut.
“Deaf individuals have struggled through a history of marginalization, with limited opportunities for employment and education among countless other barriers. We at the University of Connecticut are honored to host a vibrant community of Deaf and Hard of Hearing students, faculty, and staff. Because the Deaf/Hard of Hearing community has grown, so has the community of ASL users on campus. In an effort to increase awareness across the board about the thriving Deaf and Hard of Hearing community here in Connecticut, this evening will offer you the opportunity to meet Deaf scientists, engineers, doctoral students, psychologists, mathematicians, medical providers, counselors, and just about any other professional field imaginable.” – UCIS
University of Connecticut Interpreting Services (UCIS)
Recently, Mick was identified as a Master Teacher for the New England New Teacher Seminar (NENTS, 2.0) in Greenfield, MA, where, drawing from 10+ years of experience, he was able to provide support, feedback and resources for newly hired ASL teachers in the New England region.
After three weeks of being featured on CCADV’s Facebook page, the ASL video featuring Rachel reached almost 6,000 views and has been shared at least 130 times. This is a strong showing for an unique, local agency.
Posner Inclusion, LLC partnered with CT Coalition Against Domestic Violence to produce informative videos in American Sign Language (ASL) so that important information can also be shared with the deaf community.
Recently, Rachel gave an interview for NPR, discussing a broad range of topics, including the importance of giving deaf children all the tools possible to foster language skills. We were told that this will air sometimes in August 2017 as well as be featured as an article on NPR’s website. Once published, we’ll post the link here.
This is a project Rachel has been working on in partnership with the Connecticut Coalition Against Domestic Violence.
She is working with the agency on meeting several objectives such as:
1 – providing American Sign Language translation so that information from the CCADV website is accessible for members of the Deaf community.
2 – strategically guiding the agency in improving outreach, allowing information/services to be accessed by a wider population, especially D/deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals.
For more information about what we can do for your agency or business, feel free to contact us. We’d love to hear your ideas.
We are Rachel and Mick Posner, of Posner Inclusion, LLC. Our goal is to provide services to business to help them achieve growth in all directions by catering to diverse communities. After all, who wouldn’t want to unleash their inner potential? | <urn:uuid:56f37fb7-cb12-4b73-b2d6-dfa34849e93f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://posnerinclusion.wordpress.com/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949666 | 601 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Torture, she says, is not primarily about obtaining information to protect civilians. Torture, she says, is a weapon of control to promote fear and to stifle political opposition. She describes how, post 9/11, the public consensus that torture was, unconditionally, wrong, was quickly dismantled.
Bill Durodié, then senior lecturer in Risk and Corporate Security at the Defence Academy at Cranfield University speaks on the problems that UK society has with managing risks, especially those associated with terrorism. I hesitated to put him on the show, since he appears to takes the official narratives of 7/7 and 9/11 more or less at face value. However, even without raising the essential issue of False Flag terrorism, he makes some important observations about risk management and the broader social changes associated with the war on terror. Durodié identifies "two core social and political drivers which have lent themselves to encouraging an exaggerated sense of vulnerability right across society, well before Sep 11th": political disengagement and social disconnection. He points out that Islamic terrorists seem clearer on what the are against (Western capitalist society) than what they are in favor of, that they are reflecting the values of the dominant society.
This is quite ironic given his failure to point out the elephant in the room - but otherwise his analysis is well worth listening to, such as for example his observation that use of the word "risk" in the UK broadsheet press went up by an order of magnitude from 1994 to 2000 - establishing that the "war on terror" was being ramped up even before Sep 11th.
We conclude with another section of the interview of Sibel Edmonds by James Corbett. Focusing as before on Turkey, she outlines the role of NATO's Operation Gladio (A) in the business of refining Afghani opium and their clandestine operatives' use of diplomatic credentials in heroin distribution through the Balkans and to Europe/USA. The war on Afghanistan, she suggests, allowed NATO to effectively cut out the Russian mafia from the opium trade, and to upscale operations by traditional replaced methods of transport with military aricraft. Edmonds notes Yaşar Öz's remarkable "escape" from a DEA interrogation in New Jersey (a deep state 'get-out-of-jail free card'). Also mentioned are Öz's boss, Abdullah Çatlı, and his boss, Mehmet Ağar (whose NATO bosses protected him after the Susurluk incident). The case of Willem Matser is also cited as further evidence of NATO's connections with the high level international drugs trade.
Thanks to David Swanson and Steve Lerman of Talk Nation Radio for the Rebecca Gordon interview. | <urn:uuid:35bb706d-b7e1-408c-ae15-02cb8e3a7d9d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sheffield.indymedia.org.uk/2014/10/518474.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.956391 | 548 | 1.515625 | 2 |
NOT Accepting New Applications
Over 700 Applicants Remaining on the Housing Voucher Waiting List
The Lancaster County Housing Authority administers the Housing Choice Voucher (“Section 8”) rental assistance program in Lancaster County, outside the Lancaster City limits. Under the program, income-eligible tenants pay a minimum of thirty percent (30%) of their monthly incomes for rent and utilities and the Lancaster County Housing Authority pays the remaining portion of the rent. Tenants are given a housing voucher and they are responsible for locating a suitable rental unit. The landlord must agree to participate in the Program.
All types of rental housing (single family homes, apartments, duplexes, and mobile homes) are eligible as long as the rent is reasonable in comparison to the fair market rent limits established by US Department of Housing and Urban Development and the unit is decent, safe, and sanitary. Any units for which a household receives rental assistance must pass an annual inspection to ensure that the unit is safe and decent.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How will I know when you are taking Section 8 applications?
An announcement will be posted on our website and published in the newspaper. We also notify local TV and radio stations, the United Way and many of the local agencies and churches where people go for assistance.
What is the difference between the Lancaster City Housing Authority and the Lancaster County Housing Authority?
The Lancaster City Housing Authority (www.lcha.ws) serves people living within the City of Lancaster while the Lancaster County Housing Authority serves people living in Lancaster County outside the City of Lancaster.
What is the difference between Section 8, Public or Subsidized Housing, and HUD?
Section 8 refers to the Section 8 Housing Voucher Program. It is a program that helps low income households by paying a portion of their rent in houses or apartments owned by private landlords. Tenants are not restricted as to where they can live as long as the rent for the apartment is considered by the Housing Authority to be affordable and reasonable.
Public Housing and Subsidized Housing is housing that is generally owned by a housing authority or other non-profit organization. It is similar to the Section 8 program in that it helps low income households by paying a portion of their rent, however, a tenant must live in the public or subsidized housing unit in order to receive assistance.
HUD is not a type of housing, it is the federal agency (the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development) that provides the funds to help lower income household pay their rent.
My landlord said he would accept Section 8. How do I apply?
You must be on the Section 8 waiting list in order to obtain Section 8 assistance. We serve people in the order in which they applied for assistance so even if your landlord said he would accept Section 8, you have to wait until your name reaches the top of the waiting list before you receive assistance. Unfortunately, our waiting list is closed and we are not accepting new applications at this time.
I am on the Section 8 Waiting List but I do not have a permanent address to give you. What should I do?
It is very important that we always have a current address at which to reach you. If we mail something to you and you do not respond or if it is returned to us, we will remove you from the Waiting List. You can either get a Post Office box until you have a permanent address or use the address in care of (c/o) a friend or relative that you trust to notify you if you receive mail from the Housing Authority.
I am a tenant having trouble with my landlord or I am a landlord having trouble with my tenant. Can you help?
The Lancaster County Housing Authority only deals with problems where the tenant is receiving Section 8 assistance. For information on Tenant/Landlord Rights and Responsibilities, click on the link for a comprehensive manual produced by the Fair Housing Program. http://lhop.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/TenantLandlordRightsResponsibilities0813.pdf. Or, you can call 717-291-9945, extension 7 to order a copy. It is available in multiple languages.
How do I report a property that is a health or fire hazard?
If the property is in Lancaster City, call the Bureau of Housing and Health Code Enforcement at 717-291-4706. If the property is outside the Lancaster City, call your township or borough office and ask for assistance. If you are reporting a fire hazard, call the nearest Fire Company.
Are there any websites where I can search for housing or related services?
The Lancaster Housing Opportunity Partnership website (http://www.lhop.org) has a housing locator and a housing resource center. The Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency also has a listing of housing in Lancaster (http://www.phfa.org/forms/multifamily_inventory/dv_lancaster.pdf).
What other agencies can I call for help with housing or other services to help with my living costs?
Your best resource for information and referral services for many problems or support needs is United Way LINC (dial 211 or 717-291-5462 on your phone). They provide a free, confidential, up-to-date information and referral service that can provide you a referral for almost any problem. Visit their website at http://www.uwlanc.org/Need-Help.
If you are dealing with a physical disability, United Disability Services has programs and services to support your needs. Visit their website at http://www.udservices.org/services/.
If you need help with an aging parent or friend, the Lancaster County Office of Aging has a walk-in information and referral center where you can meet with a case worker to discuss any issue related to a senior including housing issues. They can be reached at 717-299-7979.
If you are stressed out and frustrated about how difficult your situation is, call the Contact Helpline at 717-299-4855 or visit their Facebook page at https://www.facebook.com/ContactLancaster. | <urn:uuid:79e0df45-7f32-490b-a62d-d7b90720297f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lchra.com/rental-assistance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.943488 | 1,273 | 2.078125 | 2 |
A US study that looked at heterosexual women from different backgrounds found that women believed love was necessary for maximum satisfaction in both sexual relationships and marriage. Speaking to Science Daily, researcher Beth Montemurro said "Women said that they connected love with sex and that love actually enhanced the physical experience of sex.” Women who loved their sexual partners also said they felt less inhibited and more willing to explore their sexuality. "When women feel love, they may feel greater sexual agency because they not only trust their partners but because they feel that it is OK to have sex when love is present," Montemurro said. Coined by Relationship counselor Gary Chapman, the Five Languages of Love, can help you bring love back into your relationship. Words of Affirmation Expressing affection through spoken affection, praise, or appreciation. Acts of Service Use actions to show love rather than just words. So, be kind to each other. Receiving Gifts It shows that you think about each other. And equate beautiful things to how much you care for your partner. Giving and receiving gifts can make you fall for each other over and over again. Quality Time Put aside all the things that can wait, and dedicate some time to each other. Give each other undivided attention. Physical Touch Touch in a relationship is important whether it’s intimate, sexual or simply holding hands. It keeps you connected. * But, about 18% of the study participants said that they can have just as much pleasure having sex in an casual relationship.
- Middelburg unrest: Two workers die, while calls for acting manager to step down intensify
- House of deputy: Inside the scramble to be the ANC's number two
- Thabi Leoka | Whatever the US wants to call it, its economy is ailing
- Former DA Free State leader lambasts party for mistreating black people
- 'We did it to Zuma, we will do it to Ramaphosa,' vow opposition MPs in battle to unseat president
Read your favourite magazine in a convenient PDF form.Read now | <urn:uuid:1de2cf16-144b-45aa-ae59-0af9f1009404> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.news24.com/truelove/Archive/love-can-make-sex-more-satisfying-20170728 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.959922 | 426 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Sea urchins undergo complete metamorphosis, forming a “primary larva”—the pluteus—which is later jettisoned pretty much in its entirety. Almost the entire body of the adult sea urchin comes from the left coelomic sac of the pluteus archenteron. The larval skeleton is abandoned, while the rest of the larval body undergoes programmed cell death, providing raw materials for juvenile growth. As the pluteus forms, the top of the archenteron meets the blastocoel wall. Here, the secondary mesenchyme cells form the right and left coelomic pouches (see Figure 10.10, 13.5 hours). Under the influence of Nodal protein, the right coelomic sac remains rudimentary while the left coelomic sac undergoes extensive development to form the structures of the adult sea urchin. This growth involves activating BMP signaling on the left side. The small micromeres, which give rise to the germ cells, are attracted to the coelomic sacs by chemoattractant factors synthesized by means of a gene regulatory network similar to that of the Drosophila eye (Yajima and Wessels 2012; Campanale et al. 2014; Martik and McClay 2015). These primordial germ cells are preferentially retained by the left coelomic pouch (Luo and Su 2012; Warner et al. 2012).
The left sac eventually splits into three smaller sacs. An invagination from the ectoderm fuses with the middle sac to form the imaginal rudiment, and only the aboral epidermis is derived from the larval dermis. This rudiment develops a fivefold (pentaradial) symmetry (Figure 1), and skeletogenic mesenchyme cells enter the rudiment to synthesize the first skeletal plates of the shell. The left side of the pluteus in effect becomes the future oral surface of the adult sea urchin (Bury 1895; Aihara and Amemiya 2001; Minsuk et al. 2009). During metamorphosis, the larva settles on the sea floor and the imaginal rudiment separates from the larva, which then degenerates. As we will see in Chapter 24, the cues for larval settlement often include a mixture of environmental factors such as photoperiod, turbulence, and chemicals released by potential food sources. In some sea urchin species, the shear force generated by turbulence enables the larvae to sense and respond to chemicals emanating from algae and bacteria (indicating that food for the adults is abundant) (Rowley 1989; Gaylord et al. 2013; Nielsen et al. 2015). While the imaginal rudiment (now called a juvenile) is re-forming its digestive tract, it is dependent on the nutrition it receives from the disintegrating larval structures.
The pentaradial symmetry of adult echinoderms is unique and distinguishes them from the many bilaterally symmetrical animals. Note, however, that pluteus larvae are bilaterally symmetrical—evidence that echinoderms share a common ancestor with the bilaterally symmetrical chordates (Zamora et al. 2012, 2015). The sea urchin larvae and adult differ dramatically. Indeed, the pluteus larva is a free-swimming planktonic dispersal stage with no sexual reproductive capacity, whereas the adult grazes on algae on the sea floor and produces thousands of gametes. It is also interesting that, like amphibians, echinoderms such as sea urchins use thyroid hormones to cue metamorphosis (Chino et al. 1994; Heyland and Hodin 2004).
Aihara, M. and S. Amemiya. 2001. Left-right positioning of the adult rudiment in sea urchin larvae is directed by the right side. Development 128: 4935–4948.
Bury, H. 1895. The metamorphosis of echinoderms. Quart. J. Microsc. Sci. 29: 45–135.
Campanale, J. P., T. Gökirmak, J. A. Espinoza, N. Oulhen, G. M. Wessel and A. Hamdoun. 2014. Migration of sea urchin primordial germ cells. Devel. Dyn. 243: 917– 927.
Chino, Y., M. Saito, K. Yamasu, T. Suyemitsu and K. Ishikawa. 1994. Formation of adult rudiment of sea urchins is influenced by thyroid hormones. Dev Biol. 161: 1–11.
Gaylord, B., J. Hodin and M. C. Ferner. 2013. Turbulent shear spurs settlement in larval sea urchins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110: 6901–6906.
Heyland, A. and J. Hodin. 2004. Heterochronic developmental shift caused by thyroid hormones in larval sand dollars and its implications for phenotypic plasticity and the evolution of nonfeeding development. Evolution 58: 524–538.
Luo, Y. J. and Y. H. Su. 2012. Opposing nodal and BMP signals regulate left-right asymmetry in the sea urchin larva. PLoS Biol. 10: e1001402.
Martik, M. L. and D. R. McClay. 2015. Deployment of a retinal determination gene network drives directed cell migration in the sea urchin embryo. Elife 4. pii: e08827.
Minsuk, S. B., F. R. Turner, M. E. Andrews, and R. A. Raff. 2009. Axial patterning of the pentaradial adult echinoderm body plan. Dev. Genes Evol. 219: 89–101.
Nielsen, S. J., T. Harder and P. D. Steinberg. 2015. Sea urchin larvae decipher the epiphytic bacterial community composition when selecting sites for attachment and metamorphosis. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 91: 1–9.
Rowley, R. J. 1989. Settlement and recruitment of sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus spp.) in a sea-urchin barren ground and a kelp bed: Are populations regulated by settlement or post-settlement processes? Mar. Biol. 100: 485–494.
Warner, J. F., D. C. Lyons and D. R. McClay. 2012. Left-right asymmetry in the sea urchin embryo: BMP and the asymmetrical origins of the adult. PLoS Biol.10(10): e1001404.
Yajima, M. and G. M. Wessel. 2011. Small micromeres contribute to the germline in the sea urchin. Development 138: 237–243.
Zamora, S. and I. A. Rahman. 2015. Deciphering the early evolution of echinoderms with Cambrian fossils. Palaeontology 57: 1105–1119.
Zamora, S., I. A. Rahman and A. B. Smith. 2012. Plated Cambrian bilaterians reveal the earliest stages of echinoderm evolution. PLoS ONE 7: e38296. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038296. | <urn:uuid:da7ed115-bcf6-4994-8467-a89e5b8d493e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://learninglink.oup.com/access/content/barresi12xe-student-resources/barresi12xe-further-development-21-12-metamorphosis-of-the-pluteus-larva | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.809516 | 1,585 | 3.5 | 4 |
The US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has issued a warning regarding an active zero-day vulnerability in Google’s Chrome browser. A zero-day vulnerability is a system or device flaw that has been disclosed but is not patched. As they are discovered before security researchers and software developers become aware of them—and before they can issue a patch—zero-day vulnerabilities pose a higher risk to users for the following reasons:
- Cybercriminals prioritize these vulnerabilities to commit cybercrime
- Vulnerable systems are completely exposed until the vendor issues a patch.
On Friday, March 25th, Google issued an emergency fix, and Microsoft followed suit the next day, updating its Chromium-based Edge browser. Evidence indicates that the security flaw had already been exploited before the emergency fix was implemented, potentially exposing billions of users to cybercriminals.
Google Threat Analysis Group (TAG) has revealed it believes two threat groups—whose activity have been named Operation Dream Job and Operation AppleJeus, respectively—exploited the flaw as early as Jan. 4. According to a leading member of the TAG Group, they have carried out coordinated campaigns “targeting U.S. based organizations spanning news media, IT, crypto, and fintech industries.”
The latest issue comes just a few weeks after news that the newest Chrome update included 11 security fixes, including 8 with a “high severity rating.” These flaws, which can allow sandbox escape or remote code execution, are mostly used-after-free issues. Google doesn’t typically assign high severity ratings to security vulnerabilities of this type.
The easiest way for users to protect against this latest flaw is to allow Chrome to update their browser. To update: click on Settings > About Chrome > Chrome will confirm if you have the latest version > If not, Chrome will automatically download the update > once downloaded, chrome will prompt the user to restart. Please note - the update cannot be fully installed without restarting the browser.
This latest flaw and the associated security breaches on the most widely used web browser highlight the ever-evolving avenues of attack open to cybercriminals. Protecting businesses by implementing correct cybersecurity protocols and cyber insurance coverage is increasingly necessary for all business types, from small to large. In addition, companies should actively assess their cyber risk profile and protect themselves from residual risk. To start, click here to get a cyber insurance quote in 60 seconds. | <urn:uuid:72ef0af5-a12c-4bef-80f2-762e4e3b06a4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://get-cyber-frontend-yidahgoku-metasure.vercel.app/blog/google-chrome-vulnerability | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.938265 | 565 | 2.03125 | 2 |
The number of young people not in education, employment or training (NEET) in the last three months of 2011 increased on figures for 2010.
Latest data, released today by the Department for Education (DfE), shows the proportion of 16-18 year-olds classified as being NEET increased by one per cent to 9.6 per cent in the fourth quarter of 2011 (178,000), compared to the fourth quarter of 2010 (162,000).
Meanwhile, the proportion of 19-24-year-old NEETs decreased by 0.1 per cent in the same time period – but the figure rose from 777,000 to 780,000.
Finally, the proportion for 16-24-year-old NEETs increased by 0.3 per cent – from 939,000 to 958,000.
The government has pledged to reduce the statistics with a range of new measures.
A spokesperson said: “The number of young people who are not in education, employment or training has been too high for too long – we are determined to bring the numbers down.
“We are investing almost £1 billion extra over the next three years in supporting 16-24 year olds into education, training and work.
“Earlier this week, we launched a pioneering new scheme, targeting funding through our most experienced charities and businesses to help disengaged 16-17 year olds back into learning or employment.
“We are making sure that young people have the skills they need to get ready for work – creating the biggest apprenticeships programme our country has ever seen and overhauling vocational education, so all employers can be confident about the rigour of our qualifications.
“We are driving up standards right across the school system so that all young people, whatever their background, have the chance to succeed.
“Through the Pupil Premium, worth £2.5 billion by 2015, we are targeting funding at disadvantaged pupils, so that schools have the money they need to make a difference.” | <urn:uuid:7031ae79-67a8-46f2-901d-354751a56308> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://feweek.co.uk/quarterly-rise-in-young-neets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.962844 | 416 | 2.421875 | 2 |
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The BoE is assessing if contagion from this scandal could spread to the broader housing market and cause a model new financial crisis. Return on Equity is a measure of a company’s profitability that takes a company’s annual return divided by the worth Business of its total shareholders’ fairness (i.e. 12%).
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If the fryers in your restaurant are on the fritz or you should replace that manufacturing line fast, you would possibly consider trying intoequipment financing. You borrow cash from the lender for the explicit function of buy gear, and the equipment becomes the collateral needed to secure the loan. Like financing any tangible gadgets , you keep making funds until the loan is up. Rates can go from a low 8% to over 30%, so do your homework to find the APR that works finest for you. Not surprisingly, the big mortgage you qualify for, the extra years you’ll should pay back.
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What makes swine influenza dangerous is that just like most influenza viruses it undergoes the process of antigenic drift. When spot mutations occur on the hereditary material which causes modifications in the physiological make-up of the virus.
These small changes are what frustrate scientist's attempts to create the vaccination for flu. As a result of constant adjustments to the enzymes of the outer coats of viruses (which the immune system is targeted for during vaccination) brand, new vaccines are always required to combat ever new variants of these viruses.
If you have symptoms of the influenza virus then you should protect yourself with a face mask. To know about the best face mask for flu protection you can visit online sources.
Swine influenza is a good illustration of this kind of change. However, what exactly are these changes, and what regions of herpes cause the damage that destroys normal cells that are wholesome?
The H1N1 designation of the swine influenza virus gives us a clue into the inner workings of the virus. It represents the functional proteins on its surface.
The 'H' means hemagglutinin which is a protein that binds the bronchial flu virus to the cell and injects its material. The 'N' stands for neuraminidase that possesses a number of technical enzymes that cause the infected cells to release the viruses that are newly formed.
All these elements of influenza make it very dangerous. Before the winter occurs, Although the shape that's currently dispersing is mild it may still turn right to a strain from the next month or two.
The fact that it is also an illness means there isn't any current vaccine to the virus. If it becomes deadly, we'll have no protection against it except for those given by generic antibacterial drugs. | <urn:uuid:15f9bc30-2be9-4b89-a8c1-4a41a2198c4e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://warmwishesfromadland.com/tag/disposable-face-mask/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.9463 | 359 | 3.828125 | 4 |
One original sentence, I wonder does that count when you write fiction, how about when every word they want is a lie, or how about when you can’t honestly speak at all or do I just hate people that much. “The Anatomy Of Hi,” sorry I can’t write it ha
Friday, February 16, 2018
Lesson 230 ~The Anatomy of Hi~
Hey Lady Sophia,
I Am Not Afraid Anymore or instead my characters aren’t afraid, you should see how they introduce themselves, and then you’ll know why I’m a writer and live vicariously through them all. It still has to be said though I haven’t been doing any writing recently because I’m busy practicing “Hi” in the mirror and that takes so much out of me on every occasion even when I can’t say it at all, I don’t want to.
Yes I know it sounds like a f*ing excuse, so I’m practicing censorship today; yet for a few minutes, unfortunately, I still remember the b*itch I said goodbye too, the man who said much more than hello and think of the man who should have never spoken. Again my characters don’t say hi, in any traditional sense, to me it invites expectation, but they say “hey” is for horses, and what about Sup, Good Morning, lifting my chin by an inch? Hello gives up the element of surprise, though it might make a lot more sense only that’s the thing, Lady Sophia, my writing never does, and that isn’t a prerequisite to do it, so no more excuses am I right, should I start writing?
If anything I’m falling behind as is between movies and books, The Last Jedi, Fifty Shades Freed, Black Panther, Hostage, and nowadays I’m going to have even more time on my hands. Maybe I’m just upset that my last herculean effort against the bastard I worked for went nowhere and in fact, I wrote an email saying that I won’t be pushing any further. What happened to just writing for me you know, I did finish answering a few text, but that’s par for the course, I guess I shouldn’t knock it though, Fifty Shades started out on the phone.
A phone I never answer because the people on the other end don’t say hi, scammers; what about a woman from one of the “ranches” down Nevada way… yeah, that’s money, but I can respect her at least. My characters introduce themselves with deadly viruses, kidnappings, gunfights, and speaking of which I remember when a gun blast woke people up and now it’s just another day as John Legend would say, “In America, In America, I still can’t breathe in America,” or anywhere just saying.
For now, though I should probably get to writing and worry less about Hi unless my stories suddenly turn normal because who knows what would happen if we all did understand The Anatomy Of Hi.
I Will Have No Fear | <urn:uuid:56a99435-a67b-494a-95e4-0937c4fbe8d3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://willswritingswitticismsandwisdom.com/lesson-230-the-anatomy-of-hi/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949629 | 671 | 1.679688 | 2 |
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Higher Education and Regional Languages
- 27 Aug 2021
- 9 min read
This article is based upon “Is it practical to conduct higher education in regional languages?” which was published in Livemint on 27/08/2021. It talks about the introduction of India’s regional languages in higher education and the pros and cons associated with it.
In India, teaching and learning have largely been in foreign languages whereas Indian languages have never got the much deserving importance in the field.
However, the National Education Policy, 2020 (NEP, 2020) has emphasized the use of regional languages for instruction at the primary and higher education levels.
With regard to this, the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) has granted permission to 14 colleges across the country to offer select engineering courses in 11 regional languages including Hindi, Marathi, Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Gujarati, Malayalam, Assamese, Punjabi and Oriya.
The unavoidable question here is whether it is practical to precipitate a regional-medium shift in higher education, especially in the face of a largely dysfunctional public education system.
Positive Aspects of Higher Education in Regional Language
- Subject-Specific Improvement: Several studies in India and other Asian countries suggest a positive impact on learning outcomes for students using a regional medium rather than the English medium.
- Performance in science and math, in particular, has been found to be better among students studying in their native language compared to English.
- Higher Rates of Participation: Studying in the native language results in higher attendance, motivation and increased confidence for speaking up among students and improved parental involvement and support in studies due to familiarity with the mother tongue.
- Poor grasp of English has been tied by many educationists to dropout rates at the premier engineering education institutions as well as poor performance of some students.
- Additional Benefits for the Less-Advantaged: This is especially relevant for students who are first-generation learners (the first one in their entire generation to go to school and receive an education) or the ones coming from rural areas, who may feel intimidated by unfamiliar concepts in an alien language.
- Increase in Gross-Enrollment Ratio (GER): This will help provide quality teaching to more students and thus increase Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education.
- Promotes Linguistic Diversity: It will also promote the strength, usage, and vibrancy of all Indian languages.
- This way, private institutions too will be motivated to use Indian languages as a medium of instruction and/or offer bilingual programmes.
- It would also help prevent language-based discrimination.
- Shift in Hiring Paradigm: The decision to promote regional language in tertiary education will interfere with the hiring decisions of the premier institutions as they will be forced to consider language proficiency as a primary criteria as opposed to subject matter expertise.
- They will also have to give up on looking from the global talent pool for teaching.
- Insignificant for Institutions with Pan-India Admissions: A regional language focus is not meaningful in a scenario where the institutes see entrants from across the country such as IITs.
- Availability of Quality Material in Regional Languages: Another challenge is the availability of study material such as textbooks and scholarly literature.
- Also, quality control of these translations will be of utmost importance to keep semantic irregularities at bay.
- Placement Associated Challenge: Many public sector units accept Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) scores for entry-level positions, which is conducted in English medium.
- Given the already lamentable employability of college-educated individuals, studying in a regional language could further inhibit job opportunities.
- Availability of Faculty: Given the English-medium legacy of higher education in India, attracting and retaining quality teachers who are willing and able to teach in regional languages will be a challenge.
- Maintaining Pace with Global Standards: Delivering technical courses in regional languages may prevent students from competing in global labour and education markets, where fluency in English yields a distinct edge.
- A lack of opportunities for Indian students at the international level may prove counterproductive to the NEP, 2020’s aim of bridging the gap between elites and the rest.
- It also goes against the vision of promoting the internationalization of education.
- Building Foundation: Promoting regional languages by the kind of fiat that the government has adopted is problematic.
- A foundation needs to be built first, for instance, through grants to popularise science and technological education in the regional language, etc.
- Bringing IITI into Play: High-quality learning and print material in Indian languages, shall be first developed by creating quality programmes in translation and interpretation.
- In this regard, the Indian Institute of Translation and Interpretation (IITI) will be established which will employ scholars in Indian languages, subject experts and experts in translation and interpretation.
- Fair and Equitable System for Education: The Government shall work to develop an equitable system based on the principles of fairness and inclusion.
- It must ensure that the personal and social circumstances of students should in no way be obstacles to realising their full academic potential.
- At the same time, ensuring inclusion through the use of the mother tongue/ regional language, it should also set up a basic minimum standard of education which eliminates all disparity.
- Adopting the “Regional Language Plus English” Notion: While it is necessary to strengthen Indian languages as a medium of education, it is equally imperative for students to have a good command over the English language since they are global natives in the 21st century.
- Indian languages must be supplemented by English.
- Bridging the Digital Divide: AICTE has recently developed a tool which translates English content online into 11 Indian regional languages.
- To provide such a facility to all of its students, the institutions prioritise providing electronic devices and internet facilities to school and college students from socially and economically weaker sections.
- Indian languages are a sine qua non for educational and cultural development since they strengthen equity in education and will prepare students to live in a local, national and global society utilising a harmonious blend of Indian languages and English.
- A holistic approach is required for the implication of native-language instruction in an increasingly globalized world.
- A shift from “mother tongue versus English" towards the “mother tongue plus English" is required.
Drishti Mains Question
“While education in regional language in the initial years of students may facilitate better learning and understanding, it is equally important for them to have good command over the English language in order to keep pace with the Global standards of education”. Discuss. | <urn:uuid:c5a074c9-8742-4daa-980c-cfca12f98b4f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/higher-education-and-regional-languages | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.927679 | 1,407 | 2.859375 | 3 |
ECHA’s Biocidal Products Committee (BPC) met on 8-9 and 14-16 June 2022 and discussed a great number of opinions. These concern five opinions on active substances, ten on requests from the European Commission and nine opinions on Union authorisation.
The committee stands behind the approval of the active substance formic acid for product-types 2, 3, 4, 5 and for use in preservatives for products throughout storage (product-type 6). The opinions will be available on the BPC’s web page in the near future.
The opinions regarding the requests from the European Commission include those on availability and suitability of alternatives to hexaflumuron and on endocrine disrupting properties of formaldehyde releasers.
Finally, the committee supported the following positive opinions on Union authorisations:
- active chlorine released from chlorineused in disinfectants and algaecides not meant for direct use on people or animals (product-type 2) and for disinfection of drinking water for humans and animals (product-type 5);
- calcium dihydroxide/calcium hydroxide/caustic lime/hydrated lime/slaked limefor product type 2, and for use in disinfectants, disinfecting soaps, oral or corporal hygiene products or with anti-microbial function (product-type 3);
- calcium oxide/lime/burnt lime/quicklimefor product-types 2 and 3;
- peracetic acidfor product-types 2, 3 and for use in disinfecting equipment, containers, consumption utensils, surfaces or pipework associated with the production, transport, storage or consumption of food or feed (including drinking water) for humans and animals (product-type 4);
- hydrogen peroxidefor product-types 2 and 4;
- L-(+)-lactic acidfor product-types 3 and 4;
- L-(+)-lactic acidfor product-types 2, 3 and 4; and
- 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate (IPBC) used in preservation of wood, from and including the saw-mill stage, or wood products by the control of wood-destroying or wood-disfiguring organisms, including insects (product-type 8).
The committee does not stand behind a Union authorisation for hydrogen peroxide for toilet bowl disinfection in professional environments, such as hospitals (product-type 2). The BPC decided that, among other things, the measures that had to be taken to prevent or mitigate exposure throughout use would not be practical nor feasible. It was also said that some co-formulants of the product lead to unacceptable environmental risks.
One Union authorisation opinion concerning chlorocresol was postponed and will be adopted via written procedure.
The European Commission together with EU Member States will make the final decision on approval of active substances and on Union authorisation of biocidal products. | <urn:uuid:70af5457-9fc5-41de-9281-d06b4ef35c2a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.chemsafe-consulting.com/2022/06/28/echa-biocidal-products-committee-updates/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.901633 | 608 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Review Article | Open Access
Yuhao Si, Cenyi Wang, Heng Yin, Jinghui Zheng, Yang Guo, Guihua Xu, Yong Ma, "Tai Chi Chuan for Subjective Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials", Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2020, Article ID 4710527, 19 pages, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4710527
Tai Chi Chuan for Subjective Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Background. This review aims to investigate the efficacy of Tai Chi Chuan on subjective sleep quality among adults. Methods. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and the Wanfang Database from their inception to August 2019 and identified 25 eligible studies that were published in both English and Chinese. Results. 24 out of 25 studies were identified to be high-quality studies according to the PEDro scale. The pooled results confirmed that Tai Chi Chuan elicited moderate improvements in subjective sleep quality (SMD = −0.512, 95% CI [−0.767, −0.257], ). Notably, Tai Chi Chuan yielded more significant effects on sleep quality among the healthy population (SMD = −0.684, 95% CI [−1.056, −0.311], ) than the clinical population (SMD = −0.395, 95% CI [−0.742, −0.047], ) and more benefits among the Asian population (SMD = −0.977, 95% CI [−1.446, −0.508], ) than the American population (SMD = −0.259, 95% CI [−0.624, 0.105], ). After controlling the methodological quality of studies, it has been noted that Asians could achieve the most significant sleep-promoting benefit when Tai Chi Chuan was practiced between 60 and 90 min per session. Conclusions. Available data implied that subjective sleep quality was improved via Tai Chi training, but more thorough studies must be executed to ascertain our findings and optimize Tai Chi practices accordingly toward various populations.
Sleep plays a critical role in the general health of human beings, accounting for almost 1/3 of our lifetimes . Adequate and comfortable sleep is important for motivation and enthusiasm yielding high energy and a happy mood along with the ability to handle daytime routine tasks. However, poor sleep quality has become a universal issue in modern society, causing insidious physical and psychological disorders in both healthy individuals as well as clinical patients [2, 3]. Recent epidemiological investigations indicated that approximately 25% of adults had sleep complaints, 10%–15% experienced insomnia symptoms along with daytime consequences, and 6%–10% met the diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorder [4–9]. Additionally, some indirect consequences caused by poor sleep quality, such as work absenteeism and reduced productivity, may also lead to increased economic and social burdens. Despite the pervasiveness and burden of the issue, poor sleep quality is usually overlooked and untreated due to evaluation and management barriers. It is estimated that only approximately 15% of adults with diagnosed insomnia or sleep complaints attempt to seek professional consultation .
Complementary and alternative approaches have been employed to mitigate sleep disorders for a long time, among which physical exercise draws increasing attention in recent years . As a type of physical exercise rooted in traditional Chinese medicine, Tai Chi Chuan has been practiced to invigorate both physical and mental health and prevent diseases for hundreds of years in China . Nowadays, Tai Chi Chuan is drawing legions of practitioners and followers in western countries . It consists of slow movements, weight shifting, concentration, and meditation. Such movements are thought to improve multiple aspects of body health such as control of breath, calming the mind, increasing musculoskeletal strength, and enhancing balance as well as functions of the autonomic nervous and immune systems [14, 15]. Numerous systematic reviews have been directed as a means of providing high-quality evidence of the role of Tai Chi Chuan in alleviating chronic conditions. Some recent reviews have investigated and supported the use of Tai Chi Chuan exercise for chronic conditions, such as cancer-related symptoms , cognition impairment , type 2 diabetes mellitus , stroke rehabilitation , coronary heart disease , heart failure , osteoporosis , hypertension , chronic musculoskeletal pain , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , osteoarthritis , and rheumatoid arthritis . Notably, Tai Chi Chuan training could also be efficacious in reducing fall incidence and maintaining and enhancing lower limb proprioception and gait ability for the aged . Overall, the aforementioned reviews reported moderate to strong evidence of Tai Chi Chuan’s positive effects on related chronic conditions. However, the application of Tai Chi Chuan on sleep quality seems to dictate varying results.
Some previous systematic reviews evaluated the effectiveness of Tai Chi Chuan (may be presented as a type of mind-body therapies or meditative movements) on sleep quality [29–33]. However, certain limitations were discovered in the previous systematic reviews. Firstly, several systematic reviews meta-analyzed numerous trials regarding mind-body exercises (e.g., Qigong, Yoga, and Tai Chi Chuan), but Tai Chi Chuan only accounted for a small portion of those included trials, implying a lack of independent assessments and weak evidence. This is not to mention that people with various physical conditions or diseases can respond to Tai Chi exercise in different ways, and no analysis was performed based on different types of physical conditions. Finally, some trials of Tai Chi Chuan published in China may potentially have been missed because of the language barriers during the retrieval process. We conducted a systematic review in 2014 to solely investigate the impact of Tai Chi exercise on sleep quality among older adults . In our previous study, five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were pooled in the meta-analysis, which yielded weak evidence showing a beneficial impact of Tai Chi exercise on self-rated sleep quality in healthy older adults. Additionally, due to a lack of evidence, the guidelines presented by the American College of Physicians and European Sleep Research Society both suggested that it is necessary for complementary and alternative therapy or exercise to undergo further assessment as a means to judge its usefulness in the treatment of insomnia [35, 36]. Therefore, for further study, the current review aims to evaluate the effects of Tai Chi Chuan for sleep quality while employing more updated rigorous RCTs that covered both healthy and clinical populations. Sleep quality is assessed either subjectively through self-report or by objective measures. Nonetheless, perceived sleep quality does not necessarily correspond with objective sleep measures. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is one of the most frequently used instruments for measuring subjective sleep quality and has excellent psychometric properties. Therefore, we applied the outcome of subjective sleep quality in this review due to its evaluation convenience and clinical significance .
2.1. Search Strategy
This review was executed according to the guidance in the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” (PRISMA) statement . The protocol was prospectively registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database in March 2019 (registration number: CRD42019129782) and was published in November 2019 .
We designed a broad literature search strategy aiming to identify all the eligible RCTs published in the English and Chinese language in peer-reviewed journals. Six electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CNKI, and the Wanfang Database, were searched to identify trials relating to the effectiveness of Tai Chi Chuan for sleep quality from their inception to August 2019. The following search terms were employed in the English databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus): Tai Chi, Taiji, Tai Chi Chuan, shadowboxing, taijiquan, sleep, sleep quality, sleep complaints, sleep problems, sleep disorders, sleep disturbance, and insomnia. The equivalent Chinese search terms were utilized in Chinese databases. A manual search was also implemented at the library of Duquesne University and the Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine in the event that there were any missing eligible articles.
2.2. Study Selection
Studies involved in this review met the following criteria: (a) trial assessed the effects of Tai Chi Chuan for sleep quality; (b) the study design was RCT; (c) participants were adults; (d) the participants practiced Tai Chi Chuan in the experimental group and did not practice Tai Chi Chuan in the control group; (e) the outcome was measured through the PSQI scale; (f) the trial was published in English or Chinese. Studies that had any of the following criteria were excluded: (a) trials that used comprehensive interventions, such as Tai Chi Chuan with Chinese oral medicine or acupuncture; (b) data were unavailable to extract and calculate whether or not the corresponding author was contacted successfully.
Four reviewers were divided into two pairs, and each pair independently (Guo and Zheng; Si and Wang) screened all titles and abstracts in the initial search. After removing duplicated and unrelated articles, the lists of possibly relevant articles from the two pairs were checked against each other by another reviewer (Xu). The fifth reviewer (Xu) compared the results of two pairs and determined a preliminary list. The full-text reading and evaluation of articles from the preliminary list were implemented by two reviewers (Wang and Guo) following the predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Any disagreement was discussed by the two reviewers to reach a consensus. If the disagreement remained unresolved, a final decision would be made by a third reviewer (Ma).
2.3. Data Extraction and Quality Assessment
The process of data extraction was completed by two reviewers (Si and Wang) and double-checked by a third reviewer (Ma). Subject characteristics and study designs were recorded in a Microsoft Excel document, including information such as first author, publication year, country, average age, geographic population, sample size, physical condition, duration and follow-up, frequency, intensity, Tai Chi Chuan style, control intervention, sleep quality measurement, baseline and outcome data, and adverse events. If such information was not reported in the article, we emailed the corresponding author to request for relevant materials.
Two researchers (Si and Ma) evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies through using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. The PEDro scale consists of 11 items, and each item is rated from 0 to 10 points. A study with 6 points or more was identified as a high-quality study. Several previous studies recommended the PEDro scale to assess the quality of RCTs (mainly in the area of physical therapy) for systematic reviews because of its high validity and reliability [40–43].
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.4.1. Effect Size Calculation
Sleep quality outcomes, in terms of mean and standard deviations (SD), either reported in the study or those that could be obtained from the corresponding author, were included in the meta-analyses. We utilized the changes from baseline scores for continuous data due to inconsistent baselines of eligible trials, being presented as the mean and SD. Moreover, the global PSQI (SD ranged from 0.44 to 5.78) from each study was the score of self-assessment with inevitable confounding factors, and the standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to provide robust evaluation over the unstandardized mean difference in various statistical situations . According to Cohen , SMD is also known as the effect size (ES) and can be interpreted by large (ES ≥ 0.8), moderate (0.5 ≤ ES < 0.8), small (0.2 ≤ ES < 0.5), and trivial (ES < 0.2). The heterogeneity was evaluated using the chi-square and I2 test, which describes the percentage of variability in the effect estimates. I2 of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% implied nil, mild, moderate, and severe heterogeneity, respectively . We chose a random-effects model to be applied for the meta-analysis because the expected diversity of involved subjects and interventions might lead to the possible existence of heterogeneity.
2.4.2. Subgroup Analysis
We conducted two preplanned subgroup analyses to explore the potential explanation for heterogeneity and to test the effects of Tai Chi exercise on sleep quality according to the varying situations. One subgroup analysis was administered based on the different physical conditions of the included adults (good health, stroke, fibromyalgia, cancer, arthritis, depression, chronic kidney disease, and heart disease). The other one was performed in accordance with geographic populations (Asian, American, and European) in the trials that enrolled healthy individuals.
2.4.3. Meta-Regression and Additive Models
The source of heterogeneity was explored utilizing a random-effects meta-regression. Some characteristics of the recruited participants, as well as the study design and execution, were also explored in addition to the Tai Chi exercise movements. Specifically, aspects such as average age, sample size, control intervention (treated and nontreated intervention), physical condition (healthy and illness), disease (good health, stroke, fibromyalgia, cancer, depression, arthritis, chronic kidney disease, and heart disease), supervision (supervised, unsupervised, and both), methodological quality of trials (PEDro score), Tai Chi Chuan style (Yang style, Chen style, and Tai Chi Ball), treatment duration (week), training intensity (min/session), frequency (times/week), and geographic population (American, Asian, and European) were entered as variables. All these covariables were input and analyzed one by one. The final covariables were selected depending on their impact on sleep quality response to Tai Chi exercise, which were tested by the statistical significance of combined with adjusted R2. For the change of PSQI scores, additive models were yielded from all the possible combinations of the final covariables to determine the most significant potential sleep-promoting effects from Tai Chi Chuan. Significant continuous variables such as training intensity (each class: 30–60 min; 60–90 min; 90–120 min) and methodological quality of trials (lowest tier, ≤5; middle tier, 6 to 7; highest tier, ≥8) were coded as category variables in additive models applying prior reviews as a guide [47, 48].
2.4.4. Sensitivity Analysis
Aiming to investigate the stability of our meta-analyses’ results, we applied two methods in the sensitivity analysis. First, we chose the trim and fill technique to perform a sensitivity analysis in all the reviewed RCTs and in trials that only recruited healthy individuals. Second, the negative control group was chosen over the positive control group when the study consisted of two or more control groups. Consequently, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to examine whether involving different control groups would yield different results. The publication bias was appraised for using the funnel plot as well as statistical tests (Egger’s test and Begg’s test).
The meta-analyses were performed based on at least two trials utilizing software Stata version 12.0 (available from the website for purchasing: https://www.stata.com/products/). A two-sided was defined as statistically significant.
3.1. Study Selection
Figure 1 demonstrates the study selection process. A total of 444 studies were considered for inclusion from four English databases and two Chinese databases. We screened 195 relevant studies based on their abstracts and titles after removing duplicates and then excluded 146 studies because they failed to meet the inclusion criteria. We then reviewed 49 full-text articles and identified a total of 25 RCTs that were eligible for this review [49–73], including 16 English articles and nine Chinese articles. The main reasons for exclusion included studies with duplicated publications, those with a nonrandomized design, and studies that did not contain valuable data. Other main reasons included outcomes with non-self-reported measurements or other self-rated scales except PSQI and those combined Tai Chi exercise with other interventions.
3.2. Characteristics of Included Studies
The principal characteristics of all included RCTs are shown in Table 1. A total of 1858 adults (average age from 50 to 75 years old) were involved in eligible RCTs with 951 individuals assigned to the Tai Chi Chuan intervention group. The included RCTs were conducted between 2004 and 2018 from six countries (11 trials in the U.S, 10 in China, and one each in Japan, Vietnam, Italy, and Iran, respectively). The treatment duration of the included studies ranged from 8 to 36 weeks, and the follow-up time ranged between 8 and 64 weeks. The frequency of intervention varied widely ranging from once per week to 7 times per week, and every class duration was 30 to 120 min. An estimate was then made that the treatment duration was approximately 40.93 ± 23.22 (h, mean ± SD), and each class lasted 57.08 ± 23.60 (min, mean ± SD). Among all the eligible studies, 10 trials evaluated the effects of Tai Chi Chuan for sleep quality in healthy individuals [49–53, 56, 58, 59, 62–68, 71, 73–76]; four in fibromyalgia patients [54, 57, 64, 69, 72, 77, 78]; three in cancer survivors [61, 68, 70, 79–81]; two in patients who experienced stroke [55, 60, 70, 82], heart disease [66, 67, 83, 84], and depression [71, 73, 85, 86]; and one each in people with chronic kidney disease and arthritis . The Tai Chi Chuan intervention in the majority of included studies was subjected to the Yang style [49, 50, 52, 54–61, 63–73]. Chen style and Tai Chi Ball [51, 62] were also adopted in the remaining studies. Notably, the control groups were given diverse interventions such as education, routine daily activity, usual care, waiting list, acupuncture, and some other active exercises. No adverse event was reported in all the included trials.
PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; NR, no report; AISI, Athens Insomnia Severity Index.
4. Methodological Quality
As illustrated in Table 2, the PEDro scores of the majority (96.00%) of the reviewed trials are 6 points or greater, which reflects a moderate to high literature quality. The most common flaws were that participants and therapists in most of the RCTs were unblinded to the intervention, and 14 studies failed to blind assessors [50, 51, 53, 55, 56, 58, 62–67, 70, 71]. Furthermore, the process of concealed allocation was reported in eight studies [49, 52, 54, 59–61, 68, 72]. Meanwhile, the intention-to-treat analysis was rated positive in seven studies [49, 52, 54, 59, 60, 68, 72] and more than 15% of participants in the five studies dropped out during the intervention [49, 58, 68, 72, 73]. The remaining items were recorded positive in all the involved studies.
0 = does not meet the criteria; 1 = meets the criteria.
4.1. Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Tai Chi Chuan on Sleep Quality
A total of 25 reviewed studies [49–73] were eligible for the meta-analysis which yielded a moderate effect of Tai Chi Chuan in improving subjective sleep quality in comparison to control interventions (SMD = −0.512, 95% CI [−0.767, −0.257], ; Figure 2). However, a severe statistical heterogeneity was detected (I2 = 85.8%; χ2 = 168.45, df = 24, ).
4.2. Impact of Tai Chi Chuan on Sleep Quality in Healthy Adults
Because a substantial amount of heterogeneity was observed, we ran a subgroup analysis on the basis of various conditions of the involved samples (see Figure 2). 10 trials recruited healthy subjects [49–53, 56, 58, 59, 62, 63]. The merged results assumed that Tai Chi Chuan exercise elicited a moderate to large effect in people with good health (SMD = −0.684, 95% CI [−1.056, −0.311], ) in comparison with the control group. However, significant heterogeneity among studies still existed (I2 = 84.0%, χ2 = 56.18, df = 9, ; Figure 2).
4.2.1. Geographic Population
Preplanned subgroup analyses were conducted according to two geographic populations including 422 Asians [51, 53, 56, 58, 62, 63] and 357 Americans [49, 50, 52, 59] (see Figure 3). The subgroup analysis results indicated that the pooled effects on sleep quality for the six studies recruiting the Asian population were large (SMD = −0.977, 95% CI [−1.446, −0.508], ) and had severe statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 80.7%, χ2 = 25.96, df = 5, ). In contrast, the subgroup of trials that enrolled the American population did not reveal any significant change of sleep quality (SMD = −0.259, 95% CI [−0.624, 0.105], ), and the results were substantially heterogeneous (I2 = 64.4%, χ2 = 8.43, df = 3, ).
4.3. Impact of Tai Chi Chuan on Sleep Quality in the Clinical Population
As illustrated in Figure 4, 15 RCTs targeted the clinical population [54, 55, 57, 60, 61, 64–73]. The pooled results reflected that Tai Chi exercise yielded small effects on sleep quality (SMD = −0.395, 95% CI [−0.742, −0.047], ) and the pooled effect size was notably heterogeneous (I2 = 86.7%, χ2 = 105.41, df = 14, ). The subgroup analyses of these 15 trials were tailored on the basis of various disease types.
Two studies estimated the effects of Tai Chi Chuan on sleep quality in people who have experienced strokes [55, 60]. In comparison to the control intervention, the aggregated results revealed that Tai Chi Chuan did not significantly improve sleep (SMD = 0.196; 95% CI [−0.143, 0.535]; ). No statistical heterogeneity was present in ESs between studies (I2 = 0%, χ2 = 0.64, df = 1, ).
Four RCTs [54, 57, 64, 72] recruited fibromyalgia patients, and the pooled results demonstrated that Tai Chi exercise led to a notable advancement in sleep quality, with a small to moderate effect (SMD = −0.446; 95% CI [−0.674, −0.219]; ). We found no statistical heterogeneity in ESs among the four studies (I2 = 0%, χ2 = 1.56, df = 3, ).
Three RCTs tested the impact of Tai Chi Chuan on the sleep quality of cancer survivors [61, 68, 70]. One trial reported that Tai Chi Chuan had a better sleep-promoting impact compared with control interventions , but the pooled results did not sustain the positive effects of Tai Chi Chuan in enhancing sleep quality (SMD = −0.041; 95% CI [−1.397, 1.315]; ). The statistical heterogeneity in ESs among studies was extremely severe (I2 = 95.7%, χ2 = 46.39, df = 2, ).
Two of the reviewed studies recruited subjects with depression [71, 73] and indicated no significant effect on subjective sleep quality (SMD, −0.875; 95% CI [−1.760, 0.010]; ) with severe heterogeneity (I2 = 76.3%, χ2 = 4.22, df = 1, ).
4.3.5. Heart Disease
Two studies enrolled patients with heart disease [66, 67, 83, 84]. Among all the subgroup analyses based on diseases, these two trials had the largest pooled effects on sleep disorders (SMD = −1.132; 95% CI [−1.455, −0.809]; ) and contained no statistically detected heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, χ2 = 0.11, df = 1, ).
4.4. Meta-Regression and Additive Models
As shown in Table 3, the results revealed that the methodological quality of included studies significantly correlated with the effects of Tai Chi Chuan for sleep quality, and it was the most important source of heterogeneity with a value of 0.012. In addition, geographic population () and training intensity () were also notable factors affecting sleep quality response to Tai Chi Chuan training. Generally, these three covariables (methodological quality, geographic population, and training intensity) could explain the 28.96%, 15.09%, and 17.22% of the heterogeneity source in sleep quality response to Tai Chi Chuan training, respectively.
β, regression coefficient; k, number of trials; adjusted R2, the proportion of the source of heterogeneity explained by each moderator; value, the statistical significance of each moderator in the meta-regression model; value, the statistical significance of subgroup analyses; effect sizes are generated by subgroup analyses based on the three moderators, respectively.
Notably, it has been observed that Tai Chi Chuan elicited greater sleep quality improvements in the Asian population () than in the American population (). It has also yielded more improvements among subjects who engaged in Tai Chi exercise of low () or moderate ( training intensity than vigorous intensity (). Furthermore, sleep quality enhancements were more significant among studies that belonged in the middle tier () of methodological quality assessed by the PEDro scale than those in the highest tier (). The additive statistical models illustrated that after controlling the factors of geographic population and methodological quality of studies, participants could achieve the most considerable sleep-promoting benefits when Tai Chi Chuan was practiced between 60 and 90 min per session (SMD, −0.795; 95% CI [−1.246, −0.344]; ).
4.5. Publication Bias
A funnel plot was completed based on 25 RCTs [49–73]. According to the visual assessment, no significant evidence of publication bias was identified. This is due to the fact that the spots were roughly symmetric, although several studies seemed to be remarkable outliers (see Figure 5). The results of Begg’s test () and Egger’s test () also noted the consistency and registered no significant publication bias in the meta-analysis results.
4.6. Sensitivity Analysis
Severe heterogeneity was detected among studies, which indicated that it was necessary to conduct the sensitivity analysis. Firstly, four out of the 25 reviewed studies [50, 59, 60, 70] had two control groups, and the negative control group was chosen over the positive control group in the preplanned meta-analyses. As a result of this, we directed a sensitivity analysis to determine if selecting substituted control groups would yield varying outcomes. A similar result of the sensitivity analysis (SMD = −0.497, 95% CI [−0.773, −0.222], ) was found in comparison to the preplanned meta-analysis (SMD = −0.512, 95% CI [−0.767, −0.257], ). Secondly, the trim and fill analysis was applied in a random-effects model among all the 25 included trials [49–73], and this was also applied in the 10 trials [49–53, 56, 58, 59, 62, 63] that solely recruited healthy subjects. The results of the trim and fill technique demonstrated that no trial had been trimmed or filled in both study selection methods, which suggests good stability of the meta-analysis results.
The current review investigated the evidence of the effects of Tai Chi exercise on subjective sleep quality in adults. We conducted the meta-analysis utilizing the extracted data from 25 RCTs with moderate to high quality. The central findings of all the meta-analyses are that (1) Tai Chi Chuan training can yield a moderate effect in improving sleep quality in both healthy and clinical populations; (2) Tai Chi exercise is able to elicit greater sleep-promoting benefits in the healthy population than in the clinical population and more benefits among Asians than in Americans; (3) after controlling methodological quality and geographic population, the optimal Tai Chi training intensity for the Asian population is identified to be between 60 and 90 min per session.
We generally detected that there was a moderate effect (SMD = −0.512, 95% CI [−0.767, −0.257], , k = 25) of Tai Chi Chuan on subjective sleep quality in all the included samples. Three previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses also evaluated the impact of Tai Chi Chuan training on sleep quality (healthy and clinical populations were pooled together). Our results were more conservative than those reported by Wu et al. (SMD = −0.64, 95% CI [−0.97, −0.30], , k = 9) and Raman et al. (SMD = −0.89, 95% CI [−1.50, −0.28], , k = 8) and more progressive than those in the study of Wang et al. (SMD = −0.35, 95% CI [−0.63, −0.07], , k = 12). There appeared to be a lack of consistency between current and previous results, but it should be noted that our findings may be more comprehensive to their results for two main reasons: (a) the number of eligible trials in these three systematic reviews and meta-analyses seemed insufficient, and no study published in Chinese was involved in the reviews of Wang et al. and Raman et al. . On the contrary, we compiled and meta-analyzed more updated RCTs published in both English (k = 16) and Chinese (k = 9) which implies a more considerable amount of evidence. (b) Wu et al. included two trials that were published in Chinese in their review. However, the two trials combined Tai Chi Chuan with other interventions (e.g., music therapy), which might have resulted in an overestimation of the aggravated ESs [74, 82]. Therefore, our results may have yielded a more precise representation of the effects of Tai Chi Chuan on sleep quality in both healthy and clinical populations.
Furthermore, we also found that there was a moderate to large effect in nonclinical population (SMD = −0.684, 95% CI [−1.056, −0.311], , k = 10) and a small effect among the clinical population (SMD = -0.395, 95% CI [−0.742, −0.047], , k = 15). To our knowledge, however, no systematic review and meta-analysis which separately evaluates the sleep-promoting effects of Tai Chi exercise in healthy and clinical populations has been conducted. Consequently, we can only compare the current results with the previous study provided by our research group at the Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine . The previous review meta-analyzed five eligible RCTs that recruited healthy older adults, and the results indicated that Tai Chi Chuan elicited significant sleep improvements in older people (SMD = −0.87, 95% CI [−1.25, −0.49], , k = 5), which were more progressive than our current findings. The differences between the previous and current results are most likely because only five RCTs were included in the previous study (all included in this review) which may have resulted in a lack of accuracy and representation. In addition, Yang et al. conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of five RCTs to evaluate the impact of exercise (moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or high-intensity resistance exercise) for self-reported sleep quality in healthy adults (288 participants) and found a nearly moderate effect size of 0.47 (95% CI [0.08, 0.86], k = 5), which was smaller than what was reported by us for Tai Chi Chuan. Unfortunately, we were unable to make any comparison with the previous results in relation to the aggregated effects of Tai Chi exercise on sleep quality among the clinical population as we did not identify any qualified review.
The eligible RCTs in our review enrolled subjects with various physical conditions, including good health, stroke, fibromyalgia, heart disease, cancer, arthritis, depression, and chronic kidney disease. Therefore, one subgroup analysis was administrated based on various physical conditions, the results of which indicated that Tai Chi exercise was more effective in improving sleep quality among healthy adults (k = 10) as well as patients with fibromyalgia (k = 4) and heart disease (k = 2). Nonetheless, only moderate evidence of the impact of Tai Chi exercise on sleep promotion among healthy adults could be preliminarily proved since the results of fibromyalgia and heart disease were yielded by fewer involved trials. Moreover, the other subgroup analysis was to compare the various sleep responses to Tai Chi training between healthy Asian and American populations. The pooled results revealed a demonstrable difference between the two geographic populations that Asian subjects gained statistically significant sleep quality benefits from Tai Chi Chuan, while the Americans did not. One potential cause that may explain the results is as follows: as is known to all, Tai Chi Chuan originates from ancient China and has been developed by the various generations of Chinese people . Simply put, Tai Chi Chuan is fundamentally a tailor-made form of exercise and lifestyle therapy for the body constitutions of Chinese people, which resembles populations from other Asian countries (e.g., Korea and Vietnam) rather than the American population.
Tai Chi exercise was proved efficacious in mitigating poor sleep quality in numerous previous studies [29–32, 34], but its training intensity, frequency, duration, and styles varied immensely. Consequently, a particular objective of this review was to identify the combination of Tai Chi Chuan elements that yields the most effective enhancement of sleep quality by utilizing additive models. After controlling the methodological quality of studies, the most practical and clinically relevant finding in this review was that Tai Chi exercise could yield the most significant sleep quality improvement when it was practiced between 60 and 90 min per session among Asian participants. Several previous systematic reviews recommended the prescriptions of other Tai Chi Chuan elements (style, treatment duration, and frequency) in chronic conditions [18, 26, 75], but no review found any better option of the training intensity (session time) so far. Consequently, our findings might be novel and encouraging with respect to the use of Tai Chi Chuan for chronic conditions.
5.1. How Tai Chi Chuan Elicits Sleep Quality Improvements
Although a number of studies have supported the application of Tai Chi Chuan on adults with poor sleep quality [29–34], the exact biological mechanism remains unclear. It appears that Tai Chi Chuan can enhance the mind-body connection and control through integrating physical, emotional, psychosocial, spiritual, and behavioral elements. The multiple components of Tai Chi Chuan may act through intermediate pathways (e.g., neuroendocrine, immune function, and neurochemical) to improve psychological and behavioral factors associated with poor sleep quality, such as anxiety, depression, and chronic pain [52, 76, 83]. In addition, Montgomery and Dennis claimed that Tai Chi practitioners had higher energy expenditure during the day; thus, they required greater rest at night. Nevertheless, Irwin et al. argued that there were no significant changes in the physical energy expenditure yielded by Tai Chi Chuan, and the sleep enhancement seemed to be independent of energy expenditure. Chao et al. found that the average exercise intensity of Tai Chi Chuan was 3.1 MET (metabolic equivalent). Therefore, Tai Chi Chuan is a low-intensity exercise. As shown in the studies reviewed here, we believe that the gentle movements, slow rhythm, deep diaphragmatic breathing, and emotional relaxation of Tai Chi Chuan can improve the feelings of well-being and ameliorate mental state, which may be the critical factors to the sleep quality improvement. However, the specific mechanism by which Tai Chi Chuan improves sleep quality and other outcomes in the context of these various health conditions are needed to be further studied.
5.2. Tai Chi Chuan and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Our findings support the perspective of applying Tai Chi Chuan as a complementary and alternative therapy for poor sleep quality to some degree because the ESs of the changing global PSQI scores elicited by Tai Chi Chuan are approximately equivalent to the ESs of those reported for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Notably, CBT is currently highly recommended as the first-line treatment by both the American College of Physicians as well as the European Sleep Research Society in the management of insomnia [35, 36, 80, 84]. Because CBT has been proven effective for insomnia and is currently widely used, the following question is: why we still need Tai Chi Chuan to treat people with poor sleep quality? First, CBT is an intensive form of intervention that requires proper administration and supervision by highly trained clinicians . Thus, the CBT medical resources may be low cost-efficient and nonpragmatic in usual medical institutions. This is particularly true for clients with a moderate level of sleep complaints rather than syndromal insomnia . However, Tai Chi Chuan can be learned and practiced in a relaxed manner both indoors and outdoors and can even be directed by a video tutorial at home. Second, people with poor sleep quality may stay motivated with Tai Chi Chuan training as it can be practiced in a group-based form and offers social support and enjoyment . Finally, Tai Chi Chuan provides not only mental health improvements (e.g., dementia, depression, and insomnia) but also positive effects on various common diseases (e.g., osteoarthritis, Parkinson’s disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) . Despite the considerable positive benefits discussed, whether Tai Chi Chuan to some extent is superior to universally recommended CBT is still open for dispute until further studies validate the current findings.
5.3. Analysis of High Heterogeneity among Included Trials
A moderate to high level of heterogeneity was observed either in our review or in the previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses [29, 32–34]. Although we applied more restrictive search strategies that only recruited RCTs with PSQI as the outcome measurement, the heterogeneity of meta-analysis results did not decline as more Chinese and English articles and several conditions of participants were involved. Two preplanned subgroup analyses seemed to explain the high heterogeneity to some degree. On the one hand, the heterogeneity decreased to a moderate level (I2 = 64.6%, ) among studies recruiting healthy Americans in the subgroup of the geographic population. On the other hand, the disease-based subgroup eliminated the heterogeneity among studies that recruited participants with stroke, fibromyalgia, and heart disease, respectively (I2 = 0%). In order to examine potential contributors to the severe heterogeneity among trials, we then performed the meta-regression of the ESs for global PSQI scores, and several moderators of the sleep quality responses to Tai Chi Chuan were identified: (a) sleep quality promotions were most considerable among trials that prescribed Tai Chi exercise for 60 to 90 min per session, followed by trials that practiced Tai Chi for 30 to 60 min per session; (b) sleep enhancements were more effective among trials that recruited the Asian population than trials with the American population; (c) sleep quality improvements were more significant in trials that were ranked in the middle tier of methodological quality than trials that ranked in the highest tier of methodological quality. Interestingly, among all the tested moderators, physical condition (fitness and illness) and disease (good health, stroke, fibromyalgia, cancer, depression, arthritis, chronic kidney disease, and heart disease) did not manifest any statistical significance in the regression model. This could possibly be attributed to the fact that there were so few trials in each disease (stroke: k = 2, fibromyalgia: k = 4, cancer: k = 3, chronic kidney disease: k = 1, heart disease: k = 2, arthritis: k = 1, and depression: k = 2) which led to insufficient statistical power for difference detection. Instead, the methodological quality of studies was the largest source of heterogeneity among the studies reviewed, the exact explanation of which was unclear. Nevertheless, we observed that trials with moderate and lower methodological quality tended to have been implemented in Asia (ρ = −0.743, ) and consisted of a smaller sample size (ρ = 0.543, ) (see Supplementary Data Table S2). More notably, the results of the meta-regression analyses demonstrated that the geographic population was also a cofounder of the heterogeneity identified among studies. This finding suggests that the sleep quality of Asian, American, and European populations may respond to Tai Chi Chuan in different ways. Therefore, it has been identified that the integrated physical, behavioral, spiritual, and psychosocial elements of Tai Chi exercise warrant modification and localization according to the specific constitutions of different geographic populations. Finally, intensity(session time), frequency, and treatment duration were noted to be the three main components of Tai Chi Chuan intervention that were the most influential moderators in our review. However, our analysis of the current data extracted from RCTs revealed that the Tai Chi Chuan training intensity was the only component found that affected sleep quality response to Tai Chi Chuan exercise. Therefore, when physicians and therapists prescribe Tai Chi Chuan exercise for their clients with poor sleep quality or insomnia, training intensity should be emphasized as the first element to be determined according to the health status of clients. Subsequently, the frequency and treatment duration of exercise can be adjusted accordingly based on intensity.
5.4. Strengths: Comparison to Previous Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Some results obtained by this review were consistent with several previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses in that Tai Chi Chuan may be considered beneficial for insomnia [29–34]. However, only two of the previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses regarded Tai Chi Chuan as their main study subject [33, 34], and one of the two studies was directed and supervised by one member (Xu) of our current workgroup . The four remaining systematic reviews and meta-analyses aimed to investigate the evidence of meditative movement interventions or mind-body therapies on sleep quality [29–32]. Two of the four systematic reviews utilized the meta-analysis [29, 32] while the other two used the narrative synthesis [30, 31]. There were nine out of 14 included trials that were related to Tai Chi Chuan intervention in the review of Wu et al. , seven out of 112 in the review of Neuendorf et al. , nine out of 17 in the review of Wang et al. , and 12 out of 49 in the review of Wang et al. , respectively.
This current research remarkably differs from the previous one. The latest systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by Wang et al. was discussed as an example to obtain more detailed information concerning the differences between previous systematic reviews and this review. Wang et al. estimated the impact of mind-body therapies on insomnia in both aged healthy and clinical populations. However, some disadvantages were observed which are listed as follows: (a) the reviewed studies involved interventions of Tai Chi Chuan, yoga, meditation, Qigong, and Qigong Tai Chi but only 12 articles were related to Tai Chi Chuan (total: 40); (b) Qigong Tai Chi only consists of the practice of Tai Chi Chuan; thus, Qigong Tai Chi and Tai Chi Chuan were naturally the same and did not warrant a separate evaluation; (c) no pooled results of Tai Chi exercise were reported since no tailored subgroup analysis of Tai Chi Chuan was performed independently; (d) no planned subgroup analysis was directed in terms of the different kinds of physical conditions or diseases; this typically contributed to substantial heterogeneity and sometimes inaccurate results; and (e) Tai Chi Chuan is a traditional Chinese martial art but only English studies were included. Given such limitations, the effects of Tai Chi Chuan on sleep quality remained vague and inconclusive.
On the contrary, the current work recruited a total of 25 updated RCTs published in English and Chinese. We focused on assessing the impact of Tai Chi Chuan on sleep quality and conducted subgroup analyses according to the various physical conditions and geographic populations. Additionally, meta-regression was implemented as a means to explore the possible sources of the high level of heterogeneity. Meanwhile, additive models were also applied to identify the optimal combination of Tai Chi Chuan elements on sleep quality. Moreover, we employed sensitivity analysis methods to test the stability of the meta-analysis results and examined the publication bias in both visual and statistical manners. More importantly, this review compiled the clinically relevant elements of Tai Chi Chuan intervention, which could guide future studies. As a result of all such factors, our review provided more precise meta-analysis results and stronger evidence for Tai Chi Chuan on subjective sleep quality in comparison with previous reviews.
The primary limitations of the current review are listed as follows: (a) high heterogeneity existed among included RCTs; this is likely attributed to the fact that data were extracted from participants with various populations and physical conditions; (b) there was an insufficient quantity of reviewed trials in some disease categories (heart disease, depression, arthritis, stroke, and cancer); this may have contributed to weak evidence or even meaningless conclusions; (c) the included trials consisted of inconsistent Tai Chi Chuan components (training intensity, frequency, and treatment duration) which may have influenced the pooled results.
Another limitation is that we choose the global PSQI scores as the sole parameter for sleep quality outcomes. It should be noted that PQSI is a widely translated and employed self-reporting questionnaire, which plays a significant role in sleep status evaluation in both research and medical settings [78, 86]. It contains multiple notable advantages such as high cost-effectiveness, easy implementation, and high patient compliance allowing clinicians and researchers to save considerable time . As a result, PSQI is often employed in sleep-related studies. However, Manzar et al. found the multiple PSQI factor structures for sleep quality appraisal in both clinical and nonclinical settings to be doubtful and in possible need of further validation. Besides, sleep quality changes in insomniacs comorbid with psychiatric and medical conditions which could also be embodied through other disease-specific approaches (e.g., applying an electrocardiogram-based spectrogram method to evaluate sleep quality in patients with chronic heart disease) . Nevertheless, we could not assess these disease-specific outcomes as they are not universally utilized in the RCTs with regard to Tai Chi exercise for sleep quality.
Although the meta-regression and additive models identified a clinically meaningful proportion of each factor in ESs, a large amount of heterogeneity of Tai Chi Chuan sleep-promoting effects unsurprisingly remained unexplained. In addition to the factor of geographic population, training intensity, and methodological quality, eight other possible sources of heterogeneity were examined and found to be not statistically significant on the sleep quality responses to Tai Chi exercise (see Supplementary Data Table S1). Otherwise, some researchers from the reviewed Tai Chi Chuan RCTs might have omitted some detailed intervention information (e.g., when was Tai Chi Chuan practiced during the day?) in their studies which were likely to have some objective reasons (e.g., space limitation). This concern could militate against the implementation of our data extraction and analysis. For instance, we were unable to investigate some clinically relevant moderators due to inadequate disclosure, such as the Tai Chi Chuan postures (k = 4, 16.0%) and the assessment of participant fatigue after Tai Chi Chuan training (k = 3, 12.0%). Consequently, it is necessary for our current results to be interpreted with caution in the context of the aforementioned limitations.
In conclusion, this present review suggests that Tai Chi Chuan exercise has a moderate beneficial impact on subjective sleep quality among adults. Sleep quality enhancements of this level rival those reported from CBT, the initial nonpharmacological therapy for adults with insomnia. It also reflects that the current authoritative guidelines may include Tai Chi Chuan as a recommended choice of complementary and alternative treatments. Additionally, we discovered that when practiced between 60 and 90 min per session, Tai Chi Chuan can elicit the most considerable sleep-promoting effects among Asians. However, further studies are necessary as a means to optimize other Tai Chi Chuan components in accordance with the particular characteristics and aspects in different populations. The evidence of the effects of Tai Chi exercise on sleep quality among the clinical population appears to be weak. Consequently, more comprehensive and randomized trials of Tai Chi Chuan for subjective sleep quality need to be implemented in order to ascertain the present findings.
|CBT:||Cognitive behavioral therapy|
|CNKI:||China National Knowledge Infrastructure|
|PEDro:||Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale|
|PRISMA:||Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses|
|PROSPERO:||International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews|
|PSQI:||Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index|
|RCTs:||Randomized controlled trials|
|SMD:||Standardized mean difference.|
All data compiled or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, and publication or development of the manuscript.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
GX, YM, and YS conceived this study. YS, CW, JZ, and YG were responsible for literature search, data screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. YM and GX supervised the study. YS and JZ were involved in the process of data calculation and interpretation. YS wrote the manuscript, and YM, HY, and GX revised it. All authors approved the final paper.
The authors like to express their gratitude to Professor Xi Huang (the “Outstanding Youth” at Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine) for his kind financial support. They also appreciate the native speaker Tina who helped us with English language editing. This study was supported by a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine & Nursing with nos. 2019YSHL154 and 2019YSHL151), the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (no. KYCX20_1462), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 81973878), the Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation (BK20180167), and the Wuxi Municipal Health Planning Commission’s Science and Education Project (QNRC042).
Table S1: meta-regression—the eight covariables that did not show any statistical significance. Table S2: Spearman’s correlation analysis—the relationship between each factor and methodological quality. (Supplementary Materials)
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Copyright © 2020 Yuhao Si et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. | <urn:uuid:4bc18e59-2039-4e8e-9316-007f44c92e3c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2020/4710527/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.924379 | 17,001 | 2.171875 | 2 |
In the first months of the year, we tend to reflect on the past and create wishes and intentions for the new year. Now is the perfect time to journal as a way of engaging in conversation with yourself. Whether you need to vent, ask questions, or explore a complicated situation, there’s nothing quite like sitting down with a journal, a pencil or pen, and a few moments to yourself each day. Over the years there’s been so much public interest in journaling that it’s been scientifically researched and proven to increase our ability to cope with anxiety, focus on important tasks, improve our mood, and so much more.
Journaling is a simple activity, and no previous writing experience is needed. Studies show that writing longhand, free-form without worrying about spelling, grammar, or the quality of content boosts mental clarity, health, and joy.
There are multiple ways to journal. Below are three methods and an optional way to prepare the space if you would like to create a special ambience for the practice.
Preparing to journal is simple. All you need is a notebook to write in, something to write with, and an amount of time set aside to do the practice. Some people might like to make the practice more of a ritual by creating a space in the home that is designated for meditation, journaling, and yoga. In this space, you can have candles, calming or spiritual decorative objects, and a comfortable place to sit. If possible, it would be nice to be near a window so you can feel connected to nature.
With or without a designated space, it will be helpful for you to get comfortable, take a few deep breaths, and decide which type of journaling you will do.
Morning Pages to Make Space
As the name suggestions, “morning pages” is an activity designed for the morning. Best-selling author Julia Cameron coined this term for the practice she guides in her beloved book The Artist’s Way. The method is simple:
- Each morning, handwrite in a journal for three pages.
- Do not write more or less than three pages.
- Write whatever comes to mind and keep the pen moving.
- Do not edit or plan what you are going to write, just write.
For the morning pages, simply write whatever comes to mind, like a brain dump. It’s a way to clear out the cobwebs. Cameron says, “I often think they should be called mourning pages, m-o-u-r-n-i-n-g, because they are really a farewell to life as you knew it and an introduction to life as it’s going to be.”
The practice sounds so simple that it’s easy to underestimate its power. The unforeseen benefits of taking this time every day for yourself to clear your mind and start anew will reveal themselves day after day.
Expressive Writing for Course Correction
Whereas the morning-pages exercise by Julia Cameron is meant to be stream-of-consciousness writing about whatever comes to mind, expressive writing as coined by social psychologist James Pennebaker, PhD, is a way to work through something that has made you uncomfortable, specifically trauma. It’s meant to be a short-term tool to help get you get unstuck and move forward in your life.
Pennebaker came up with this practice because he was curious about the mind-body connection for health. He created a speculative study for students who were generally healthy. He asked some to write about superficial things and others to write about a traumatic event. They wrote for 15 minutes each day for four days. Those who journaled about the challenging events ended up visiting the student health center for illness about half as often as those under controlled conditions.
Pennebaker followed that initial study with additional studies and found those who wrote about their traumas continued to show higher immunity than the others.
Pennebaker stresses that this practice is meant to be a short-term practice. Practice for 15 – 20 minutes for three to four days to see if it helps. It is not a panacea; it is meant to be a supportive tool used in conjunction with getting the help and support you need around traumatic events.
- Set aside 15– 20 minutes each day for three to four days.
- Choose a topic that has been challenging for you.
- Write consistently for the allotted time as the thoughts come to mind.
- Do not worry about grammar or punctuation.
- Allow yourself to feel feelings as you write.
- Make the connections between that traumatic event and other experiences that followed.
- After you are finished, take time to be compassionate with yourself.
- Continue to check in with yourself in the coming days and see how you feel.
- If the feelings get too intense at any point, then stop writing and get support.
Pennebaker believes this tool can help because through writing you will acknowledge something that was a big deal, you will force some kind of structure to the event by putting it into words, and you will make sense of it.
“When you do this, it puts you on a different path,” Pennebaker states. If you don’t go through this process, if you don’t bring it to light and make sense of it, it can keep coming back to you and you can’t get away from it. Bringing it to light, addressing it, and putting a structure to it can make a difference.
Pennebaker has also led a group in this type of writing to help deal with the pandemic, as reported by The Wall Street Journal. He continues to speak on the process decades after his first study in the 1980s.
Gratitude Journal for Better Perspective
Keeping a gratitude journal is an easy way to boost your mood, improve your sleep, and adjust your mindset to create more of what you wish for in your life.
An article called Giving Thanks Can Make You Happier published by Harvard Health refers to studies that have shown benefits of gratitude practice such as: brighter moods, better self-care habits, and improved health. Those are only a few of the many benefits of gratitude, which also include better sleep, improved heart health, and stronger relationships.
There are many ways to practice gratitude, including writing thank-you notes, expressing gratitude to others, and cultivating the feeling of gratitude as part of a meditation practice. If you are looking for something that can quickly and easily turn into a positive habit, then a gratitude journal could be the tool for you.
- Buy a notebook or journal to use only for gratitude.
- Each night before going to bed, pick up the journal and sit up comfortably.
- Take a few deep breaths to relax and feel present.
- Think of three things you are grateful for, and write them down.
- If you cannot think of three things, then write down what is most obvious about the day: that you woke up, you are breathing, and that you have a roof over your head, for example.
- Sit for a few moments, feeling what the experience of gratitude feels like.
This practice is more than honoring the objects, people, and circumstances in your life. The practice also allows you to cultivate the feeling of gratitude within you. Over time, you will become more grateful in general, and your gratitude list will flow with ease. You also will get to a place where you don’t have to have something to be grateful for in order to feel gratitude for this moment.
Journaling is a powerful tool for processing thoughts and feelings that otherwise get buried, for cultivating a more positive outlook, and for letting go of the old to make way for the new. It’s a healthy habit to create and can yield especially fruitful results for a new year. As a unique conversation between you and yourself, journaling can be private, illuminating, and healing. Try journaling in the new year for enhanced clarity about your intentions and a fresh, positive perspective.
*Editor’s Note: The information in this article is intended for your educational use only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health providers with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition and before undertaking any diet, supplement, fitness, or other health programs. | <urn:uuid:e86ab3b4-a018-4d68-8bf9-04a953bca73f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chopra.com/articles/journaling-for-inspiration-and-joy-in-the-new-year | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950954 | 1,743 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Tracey Neidhardt has become a familiar face at BeadFX, teaching seedbeading to many eager students.
"Since I was able to hold a pencil, I've drawn animals, people, flowers, etc. Later I picked up beading" says Tracey. "When I visited a store about 20 years ago, I saw a
peyote stitched amulet pouch and said to myself 'I need to learn how to do
this!' So I took a class. It was amazing! And, I guess I’ve never looked back since
"Basically, I taught myself to learn other stitches
by reading bead books to learn the other weaving techniques, such as brick
stitch, square stitch, netting, right angle weave, and herringbone."
"Nature inspires me a lot," explains Tracey. "The leaves, trees, vines, flowers, and
colours most of all. Also, quilts,
tapestry, embroidery, antique prints such as linoleum and wall paper designs. Kaffe Fasset is definitely an inspiration, as
is Gustav Klimt’s incredible paintings.
Tracey adds, "I tend to see something inspiring, get an idea in my
mind, and then basically pick up a needle and thread. I don’t graph out patterns generally. I make it up as I go – much more fun and creative
for me, personally! It can be anything –
a bracelet design, a three dimensional ring, a pendant. Colour is very important to me."
When asked if she collects and records ideas for projects, Tracey answered, "No, generally I don’t – only in my mind that is! I remember patterns in nature, textiles, art,
etc. that I would like to put into a beaded creation, and then I go from there."
"I absolutely love teaching. I enjoy the interest people take in
creating something unique, the 'Oh my goodness, this is so much fun!' aspect
from my students. Also, the process of
students just beginning, then realizing they can do it, and then knowing they
have created something special in just a few hours. And
– having folks come back to me to show off their other masterpieces at a later
time! If I could, I’d teach every day."
Tracey's advice to others who create? "If you can imagine it – you can create it," says Tracey.
be afraid of colour! You have a
better inner colour palette than you
Upcoming classes with Tracey Neidhardt:
Peyote Ring with Crazy Embellishment
Thursday, September 18
6:00 - 9:00pm
Brick Stitch Leaf Earrings
Thursday, October 16
6:00 - 9:00pm | <urn:uuid:f93668cc-15a5-4252-9f24-f23369172fef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beadfx.blogspot.com/2014/09/getting-to-knowtracey-neidhardt.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.954389 | 609 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Earlier than I entered the Cooper Hewitt’s new exhibition, “Design and Healing: Creative Responses to Epidemics,” I questioned if essentially the most emblematically museum-worthy object from Covid-19 could be a bloodstained hospital “robe” made up of trash luggage and a bathe cap.
That will sum up America’s lack of preparedness for the pandemic risk — and the continuing failure of communities to be taught from the horrors New York Metropolis endured by way of the early weeks of the virus’s unfold. Caregivers sure by the Hippocratic oath are nonetheless being put in danger by the unmasked and the unvaccinated, who bind themselves to no oath to different folks in any respect.
On the Smithsonian Design Museum in Manhattan, guests gained’t see essentially the most extremely charged imagery of the pandemic, which is arguably acceptable at a time once we’re nonetheless residing by way of Covid and the toll it extracts. However together with its curators, they might come to see this international emergency, like epidemics of the previous, as a fount of extraordinary invention, enabling folks to come collectively to remedy issues in actual time, blowing by way of bureaucratic limitations and previous habits.
Innovation has been Covid’s silver lining. The exhibition exhibits how epidemic illness by way of historical past has formed conduct, warfare, the type of buildings and the infrastructure of cities. Face masks, ventilators and tent hospitals are on view, however they acquire appreciable resonance from the wealthy historic context that’s included.
These components are the legacy of an earlier iteration of the exhibition, “Design and the Way forward for Well being Care,” conceived earlier than the pandemic — Covid demanded a pivot to what’s now on view. It’s organized by the Cooper Hewitt’s senior curator of latest design, Ellen Lupton, and the architect Michael Murphy, who leads the MASS Design Group, a Boston-based nonprofit that has been on the epidemiology entrance traces for years. It has constructed amenities to assist folks recuperate from infectious ailments in among the poorest and most conflict-prone locations on the earth, together with Haiti and Rwanda. On Dec. 9, the American Institute of Architects introduced MASS because the winner of its 2022 Structure Agency Award, amongst its highest honors.
The exhibition is loosely based mostly on themes: the healing qualities of sunshine and air, the means by which viruses are unfold and remedy innovation in hospitals and intensive care settings. The present’s preliminary theme is “Monitoring the Physique,” launched on the entry by a model helmeted with sensors that the artist Samuel Stubblefield used on human topics to generate a sound and mild set up.
The exhibition’s by way of line is our elementary want to breathe protected air. “Respiratory is a spatial drawback,” Murphy informed me throughout a walk-through. We’d not want to resort to a set six ft of social distance if we may solely see and dodge viruses swirling round us.
Caret Studio, based mostly in Florence, Italy, elegantly urges distancing by demarcating a piazza in Vicchio in a checked tablecloth sample, known as “StoDistante.” In New York, images by Jennifer Tobias doc the hieroglyphic great thing about social distancing markers adhered to the town’s sidewalks: butterflies, hearts and colourful abstractions that the heels of numerous passers-by are regularly erasing.
“Design and Therapeutic” goes again to the 1850s, when the pioneering nurse Florence Nightingale reworked battlefield medication by recognizing that infectious ailments in area hospitals killed much more servicemen than their accidents did. At about the identical time, doctor John Snow mapped the distribution of a cholera outbreak in London. Whereas authorities have been blaming the slovenly habits of the poor for spreading the illness, Snow correlated that knowledge with the areas served by personal water provide corporations, displaying that contaminated water from a single pump was chargeable for the outbreak.
Nightingale would take her battlefield insights to hospital design, which reworked the structure of these buildings by way of the separation of unpolluted and soiled air, together with sanitation and daylight — massively bettering affected person outcomes. Her legacy is discovered within the slim, daylight-filled wings and glossy curving balconies of the supremely stunning 1933 Paimio Sanatorium, designed by Alvar and Aino Aalto in Paimio, Finland. These kinds aided pure air flow and captured therapeutic rays of daylight, cementing a picture of European trendy structure as wholesome and hygienic.
Thanks to Snow and others, the well being of cities could be reworked by the supply of unpolluted water and sanitary sewers. Later work by the brand new science of epidemiology would hint the supply of ailments like tuberculosis and rickets to poor air flow and lack of entry to daylight. Although not coated within the exhibition, these insights led New York to ban dim, airless tenements and mandate mild courts and “marriage ceremony cake” constructing setbacks to ship daylight and breezes to streets and yards.
“Design and Therapeutic” exhibits how the MASS Design Group has introduced the teachings realized by Nightingale and Snow into the twenty first century through clinics for Gheskio in Haiti, the place dependable clear water and energy are missing. A tuberculosis clinic channels pure airflow to affected person rooms and a therapeutic backyard by way of good-looking grillwork made by native artisans. The undulating roof of a cholera clinic harvests rainwater and attracts in daylight. It cleans its contaminated sewage with an anaerobic reactor that sanitizes by organic means.
Of the uncountable masks that beginner sewers and skilled garment makers have created to filter breath, the handful on view present elegant variations of turbans (designed by Timzy Batra) and hijabs (created by Halima Aden). The Icelandic artist Ýrúrarí produced a knit masks that’s demonstrative if not particularly efficient: Two pink tongues emerge from gritted tooth and lipsticked lips and curl up as if to press the masks across the nostril, a humorous acknowledgment of how inept persons are — effectively, I’m, anyway — at getting their masks to seal correctly. Different masks specific political opinions: One bearing the phrase “I can’t breathe” checks the anti-police-brutality field whereas underlining Covid’s frequent devastation of the lungs.
A photograph of youngsters’s tiny heads peering out from a tanklike iron lung very similar to the one displayed jogs my memory of how scared I used to be of polio as a child, and why I used to be greater than keen to get jabbed with the polio vaccine, which was extensively thought to be a miracle within the late Nineteen Fifties.
But these breathing-assistance machines, in a much less monstrous-looking type, are making a comeback. The exhibition makes the case that the exterior stress utilized by new, extra transportable and much less intimidating variations of the iron lung, equivalent to Shaash, a negative-pressure ventilator on show right here. It was designed and produced by the Bangladesh agency Karnaphuli Industries and is much less damaging to the physique than ventilators that require bodily invasive intubation and typically long-term sedation.
Although many individuals use fitness-monitoring gadgets, the necessity to keep away from contact with medical employees all through the Covid-19 pandemic additional broke down the taboo towards sharing our most private well being info. Starting with gadgets like thermometers and pulse oximeters, the marketplace for information-capturing gadgets exploded. “Design and Therapeutic” shows a number of sensors that monitor varied bodily capabilities. The info they generate provides docs and sufferers real-time info that may warn of harmful medical episodes. Joanna Shulman, who was a marketing consultant in digital well being innovation in Tiburon, Calif., informed me the period of conduct modification by such physique sensors is sort of upon us — to deal with substance abuse, help weight reduction, deal with despair, you title it. The exhibition doesn’t communicate to the capabilities of the sensor know-how it exhibits, so it can’t have interaction the knotty moral quandaries innate to using the intimate info they acquire.
A black poster with a pink triangle and the phrase “Silence = Demise,” an iconic object from the early AIDS period, can be on show, maybe to remind us that there isn’t any equal name to Covid motion right now. Produced for ACT UP, the poster speaks to the urgency of activism within the starkest phrases. The group spurred folks to take part theatrically brazen protests that introduced the AIDS epidemic’s toll to the doorsteps of businesses just like the Facilities for Illness Management, which had been sluggish to reply (and confronted a then unknown official named Anthony Fauci). That so many individuals nonetheless resist defending themselves and others by way of masking and vaccination is the signature communication failure of the Covid pandemic.
The modest “Design and Therapeutic” can’t start to seize the grieving that should be executed over Covid’s monumental losses, nor the reckoning with our public and particular person failures that should happen. It does helps us respect optimism amid hopelessness, and celebrates extraordinary accomplishments underneath duress. The lengthy historical past of pandemic innovation provides us religion that we will nonetheless muddle by way of the Covid period and emerge somewhat higher than we have been getting into.
Design and Therapeutic: Artistic Responses to Epidemics
By Feb. 20, 2023, at Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, 2 East 91st St., (212) 849-8400; cooperhewitt.org.
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Changing the Game, or More of the Same?
Here’s the context: A few days after the Thanksgiving holiday, at a party he attended reluctantly, he met and chatted up a young woman. Somewhat to his surprise, she gave him her phone number. A few days later, he called her and arranged a dinner date for December 28. Having asked around about her, he’d learned, among other things, that she was an ardent Zionist. Determined to make a terrific impression, he figured he’d best bone up on Israel, about which he knew virtually nothing. So he started following news reports, of which there were quite a few. Thus primed, he picked her up on the 28th and headed to one of his favorite restaurants, where they had the following exchange:
He: “Some weekend, huh? The Israelis really let Hamas have it.”
She: “It’s horrible. It’s so endless, so needless, so pointless.”
He: “Well, maybe this time Hamas will learn its lesson. They can’t just shell Israel day-in, day-out and expect the Israelis to swallow. I mean, what’s Israel supposed to do?”
She: “Yeah. That’s the official line. ‘We had no choice.’ That’s what they always say.”
He: “I don’t understand. I thought you were a Zionist. Are you saying Israel did have a choice? What kind of choice? There were more than 300 rockets and mortar shells fired from Gaza into Israel in just this last week, almost 3,000 in the last year. The Israelis warned Hamas over and over, and Hamas did nothing to control the firing. You can’t seriously believe that Israel didn’t have the right to respond?”
She: “I’ll tell you what I think. If you tuned in a week ago, or a month ago, then for sure you’re right. Tactically, the Israelis had to do what they did. No country can allow its citizens to be threatened every day by rockets. But if you tuned in five years ago or, better yet, 20 years ago, which I was too young to do — but I’ve read the history — or better yet 40 years ago, before you and I were born, well, then it’s a very different story. You’re looking at one month in a story that’s been going on for 487 months; you’re looking at one droplet in an ongoing tsunami. Look just at the droplet, and Israel’s totally right; look at the tsunami, and nobody’s blameless. Forty-one years of missed opportunities, of terror and misery, of reciprocal stupidity, of random killing and purposeful killing and collateral killing, of dead kids and dead women and dead flowers and dead hopes.
“You know what? Hamas was co-founded in 1987 by Ahmed Yassin, a quadriplegic who spent his paralyzed life confined to a wheelchair and guiding what he called ‘the armed resistance’ against Israel — the Qassam rockets, the suicide bombings, the whole rotten bloodletting. By the time the Israelis assassinated him in 2004, he was nearly blind. But they’re all half-blind, they’re all paralyzed.
“And yes, dammit, I am a Zionist. I hope and I pray and I sort of expect that my kids will be Zionists, too, and their kids as well. But my God, I am so afraid of how they will react when they watch the documentaries that tell the whole truth about these days, about these years. Can anyone seriously believe that today’s attacks will solve anything? So maybe, just maybe, there’ll be a renewed cease-fire. Excuse me, but that’s not a solution, it’s a respite. You think during their time-out people will come to their senses, decide there’s a better way? C’mon, give me one shred of evidence, one precedent that justifies your thinking that.
“But let’s be clear about one thing: I want a Jewish state. I want a democratic Jewish state. I want a democratic Jewish state that is safe, that is at peace with its neighbors. It’s just that I don’t think Israel’s leaders have a clue as to how to get there, any more than I think the Palestinians do.”
He: “Alright, enough. Let’s say I agree with everything you’ve said. But what you haven’t said is what you would do.”
She: “I’m not sure that’s the right question to ask. If you put the question that way, then Israel’s action makes perfect sense. Hamas fires rockets on Friday, Israel bombs on Saturday and Sunday. Logical. But my grandmother used to say, ‘Beware of logical conclusions that don’t make sense.’ The question you need to ask is how to put an end to the miserable reality, how you can change the rules of the game. What Israel is doing now is just an enhanced version of its standard response — more planes, more bombs, bigger bombs. What’s the end game? What’s the strategy?”
He: “Funny you put it that way. That’s exactly what Ehud Barak said in his interview with Fox News — ‘Our intention is to totally change the rules of the game.’”
She: “I’m impressed; you’re really up on this stuff. But I don’t think Barak and I are talking about the same game. He wants a longer cease-fire and no more rockets and no more tunnels for smuggling in weapons and explosives. But look what’s bound to happen: Israel bombed the best targets in what it calls its ‘target bank’ on the first day, and by the third or fourth day it’ll be bombing sub-prime targets, and there’ll be more and more dead and wounded bystanders, and Fatah won’t be able to maintain its dialogue with Israel, and the new law and order in Jenin will fall apart, and every ounce of benefit Israel may wring from all this will be buried under a ton of new anger, new hatred.”
He: “Wow! I didn’t know a Zionist could talk this way. How about another drink? How about New Year’s Eve?” | <urn:uuid:b3e45dc8-85ab-49e5-811d-bf6811bbbba9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://forward.com/opinion/14844/changing-the-game-or-more-of-the-same-03078/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965138 | 1,426 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Bracelet making is something that is not new and has been continued for ages now. The difference that has visited the years is the method of making bracelets as well as the products used for the same. One of the most difficult part is getting the right structure products for creating bracelets of your very own choice. This is where makers such as Mazichands come into photo. They have made a bracelet making kit that includes everything that is needed for making your bracelets. The kit is just perfect for kids and teenage girls who can create bracelets according to their get ups or for their buddies or just for fun. The bracelet making kit comprises of a loom, hook, clips and elastic band. The elastic band are latex complimentary and were made remembering that it would be largely used by kids. The quality of equipment offered with the set is of the top most quality leaving no room for complains. Bracelet maker for girls is something that most parents would enjoy to have, since of several reasons. One for instance is that it produces a sense of responsibility among the kids as they make the bracelets right from scratch. It can likewise be an excellent device to see the imaginative side of your kids. It comes along with instruction manual which is valuable in creating your very own bracelets. The bracelet maker for girls can be purchased or gifted to any individual girl or female who is above 6 years of ages. It includes several elastic band which can be used to create a considerable number of bracelets. The kids can make use of these bracelets either as friendship bands or to compare with their attire and look cool. The bracelet maker for girls likewise provides an opportunity to have some quality time with your kids while they take pleasure in and create their own bracelets. The same can be used as a present item for several occasions such as birthdays, unique occasions, Christmas, holiday, pajama celebration, and so on. The fact that it can be used by various age groups makes it immensely popular. The ease with which one can create bracelets is likewise quite remarkable. Therefore if you are searching for something that not only permits your kids to enjoy but at the same time learn something or represent their imagination abilities, Mazichands have just the right thing for you. | <urn:uuid:d79f004e-4fd3-4c84-b59e-4f18bd6ee1f5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://generalideas.net/hobbies/now-is-the-best-time-to-get-a-bracelet-making-kit.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.978505 | 455 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Autism affects one in 50 United States school age children, according to a new report by the US Center For Disease Control (CDC). The number of reported instances of autism have jumped dramatically since 2007 when the number of children effected by autism was said to be only one in 88 children.
As previously reported by The Inquisitr, ultrasound scans can detect autism within the first few days of life. Autistic children also have a much higher rate of suicide, with 77 percent of those also suffering from depression reporting that they considered or attempted suicide. But it's also been discovered that the presence of cute animals help autistic children concentrate.
Report author Stephen Blumberg, a senior scientist at the CDC's National Center for Health Statistics, says that they were surprised by the results saying autism affects one in 50 US children: "This estimate was a bit surprising. There may be more children with autism spectrum disorder than previously thought."
Blumberg also pointed out that the average school bus holds around 50 children, so there is likely to be an autistic child aboard. Historically, boys were more than four times more likely to be diagnosed with autism than girls. But Blumberg also says that most of these newly diagnosed children with autism have a milder form of the mental problem.
Some scientists like Michael Rosanoff, associate director for Public Health Research and Scientific Review at Autism Speaks, believes that estimates of autism are being underestimated. Rosanoff says, "This study added to the evidence suggesting that we are underestimating the prevalence of autism in the United States."
The new statistic comes from a national phone survey of more than 95,000 parents in 2011 and 2012. But Fox News points out that "the earlier government [autism] estimate of 1 in 88 comes from a study that many consider more rigorous. It looks at medical and school records instead of relying on parents [and] government officials look at how common each illness or disorder is when weighing how to spend limited public health funds."
Do you think the CDC estimate of autism affecting one in 50 US school children is accurate? | <urn:uuid:6447a164-273b-496c-8221-3472e8ee2884> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.inquisitr.com/580713/autism-affects-1-in-50-united-states-school-children-says-cdc/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.974962 | 421 | 2.5 | 2 |
A Close Air Support Flyoff Is a Distraction
In 1830, the scions of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad staged a competition between the first U.S. built locomotive and a horse. The horse won. The victory was emotional, well-publicized, and even well-received. It was also irrelevant, at least as to the adoption of the locomotive. While horses continued to be an indispensable part of American commerce, they could not, and did not, supplant the locomotive as the centerpiece of industrial progress.
Just as the train versus horse race in 1830 didn’t actually resolve anything as to what the future would look like, our present day tactical airpower’s mother of all red herrings — the proposed capabilities comparison flyoff between the F-35 and the A-10 — is a highly emotional but largely irrelevant (and misleading) competition. Inside the beltway, Rep. Martha McSally, a former A-10 pilot and squadron commander (and present advocate for a constituency that includes bases that fly the A-10), argues forcefully for a flyoff. She is joined by numerous commentators, such as Jim Hasik at the Brent Scowcroft Center for International Security, who make very lucid arguments that critical results will be unveiled with far-reaching implications for U.S. tactical airpower. However, with due respect to the well-reasoned analyses provided by these advocates, the truth is that we already know everything we need to know about the capabilities of each aircraft in the U.S. inventory that does close air support (CAS). As such, a flyoff would be a needless distraction from the real issues facing decision-makers who must prioritize among many vital airpower-related missions.
The A-10 is the world’s finest Air Force tactical fighter for performing traditional CAS in an uncontested air environment. No one wearing a flight suit in the Air Force, indeed no one who is knowledgeable about airpower, will argue this point. Consequently, as it pertains to the current budgetary debate and the F-35 vs A-10 “controversy”, the point is irrelevant. Here’s why:
Close air support is a fire support mission, not a platform. The U.S. military supports and protects troops in the field for this mission by utilizing the capabilities of multiple platforms. As described by Jacquelyn Schneider and Julia MacDonald, it is the CAS-mindnessness of the pilots supporting a CAS mission — not the airframe — that matters. Empirical data tells us that A-10s have performed approximately 1/5th of the CAS workload in America’s recent contingencies — the vast majority being tasked to multi-role platforms like the F-16, F-15E, and F/A-18. What this tells us is that while the “Hawg” is undoubtedly the best traditional CAS fighter, the drop-off in quality of effects from other fighters is negligible, provided that sufficient emphasis is placed on CAS training in those airframes that are performing the mission.
Pundits and policymakers have created a false choice between the F-35 and the A-10. Clearly, the Air Force needs both. The A-10 is a highly specialized CAS platform. The F-35, on the other hand, is the centerpiece of a multi-national mutual defense and deterrence strategy. As such, exercises such as the flyoff and arguments based on “warm fuzzies,” distract from what is really important. In our view, here’s the intellectually honest way to fight for the A-10.
The U.S. military needs the A-10 because every mission-capable fighter is needed to meet worldwide requirements. Sustaining fighter capacity entails squeezing out every last drop of utility from the entire legacy tactical fleet, including the A-10. Additionally, the Air Force has a fighter pilot manning shortfall that can only be corrected if there are enough cockpits to train and absorb new pilots.
A-10 proponents should, therefore, pivot to an argument that demands full and proper resourcing for the Air Force’s current and future fighter requirements. This includes sustaining all the iron we have now, funding potential A-10 successors, and applying intellectual rigor to innovate the future of CAS. Stop making this about the F-35 versus the A-10, and don’t make the Air Force choose which of its babies to kill. It’s a false choice, and a bad one, for national security.
Col. Don Kang works on the Air Staff in Washington, D.C. Previous to this assignment, he was the program manager for the Air National Guard’s tactical fighter fleet. Col. Kang flew F-16s in the Regular Air Force and the Air National Guard and is a U.S. Air Force Fighter Weapons School graduate. He is a graduate of the Air War College’s Grand Strategy Program. The views expressed here are his own and do not represent those of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. government.
Col. Rob Preston is a member of The Judge Advocate General Corps of the Air Force specializing in International and Operations Law. For the last several years, he has practiced Government Acquisition Law. Col. Preston is a former United States Marine Infantryman. He is a graduate of the Air War College’s Grand Strategy Program. The views expressed here are his own and do not represent those of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. government. | <urn:uuid:31a89451-46e1-469c-912b-6a184e817a57> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://warontherocks.com/2016/07/a-close-air-support-flyoff-is-a-distraction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95079 | 1,153 | 1.671875 | 2 |
To love or to punish? That is the question
August 11, 2022 1:00pm Online
Hear life stories of people involved in crime from childhood to early middle-age and the challenging things they tell us about offender management and delivering justice.
During this event, we will share some of the life journeys of people involved in serious crime from a young age. These journeys challenge certain popular perceptions about crime and punishment – both their causes and impacts. The event draws on findings from the latest phase of the Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime (funded by the Nuffield Foundation). Join us to explore whether it is tougher on crime to love or to punish.Book Now
Grab a cuppa and engage with experts in a friendly, relaxed environment. There won’t be any slides, notes or formality here – just the chance to ask questions and listen to some of Scotland’s leading thinkers and practitioners on various subjects.
For group discussions on Zoom, the audience will be visible to others taking part in the event (unless you choose to turn off your camera). To encourage discussion and allow everyone an opportunity to ask questions, we have limited the number of spaces available.
To participate in a group discussion you MUST be aged 16+
Important points to note
- This event is suitable for age 16+
- The presentation will include information about experiences of offending, victimisation and poverty, although no explicit details about individuals will be provided.
- Accessibility Statement: We aim to make events as accessible as possible. If you have any accessibility requirements or any questions about how we can support this event, please contact email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:c783d849-6f28-46b6-a53a-569ec92de483> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rse-curious.com/to-love-or-to-punish-that-is-the-question/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.902834 | 356 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Why is it we believe that if we plan things, they will turn out perfectly? Or at least according to our plan? I do this all the time. And then get disappointed when my day doesn’t go as planned, when my best laid plans take a 126 degree detour, when interruptions riddle my day until it looks like everything is sinking to the bottom of the lake. Sometimes it seems Murphy’s law settles in at my house with the sole goal of laughing at my plans.
If you can relate, don’t worry, you are in good company. These speed bumps, the unexpected, the surprises and broken patterns serve a purpose in our lives.
Listen to this amusing story podcast, by clicking the green or white triangle on one of the below players, and learn the what you can do when Murphy’s Laws visit your life.
Join the Discussion: So what is a classic detour of life you remember?
Need another smile or another story? Listen to other episodes here
If you enjoyed this episode, consider sharing it with a friend. Or leave a review on Stitcher, iTunes, or Google Play. A sentence or two is fine. Thanks.
Linking up at: Holley Gerth (#coffeeforyourheart) | <urn:uuid:b002e912-cd00-4fe6-a2a2-b5f3b260e71d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theresaboedeker.com/life-as-it-comes-episode-27/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.908852 | 267 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Figure 10.1.13. This small-scale pork and poultry farm, with direct self-service marketing to consumers, is a highly functional part of a community-based alternative food system.Originally uploaded in Integrate:Teaching for Sustainability:InTeGrate Modules:Future of Food:Student Materials.
Image 174750 is a 351 by 468 pixel PNG Uploaded:
Material on this page is offered under a
Creative Commons license unless otherwise noted below. | <urn:uuid:7a64d9f2-cc47-4a06-a957-d602d2a3cdd1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://serc.carleton.edu/details/images/174750.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.859342 | 134 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Training & Development
Promotion of Voluntary Employee Development Programs
Factors Related to Voluntary ParticipationMany factors influence employee willingness to participate in development opportunities, including:
- Availability of activities – It is important for employees’ to not only have opportunities for participation, but also have multiple options for participation. Simply offering a variety of development opportunities and making these opportunities known is crucial to employee involvement. Although this seems somewhat rudimentary, many organizations fail to advertise and publicize development opportunities, which can reduce participation.
- Attitudes and intentions to participate – Employees who believe that development opportunities will be pleasant and worthwhile are more likely to participate. Additionally, if the development will have some utility or future benefit to the individual they may be more likely to participate.
- Subjective norms – Norms and expectations established by other individuals in the organization, both supervisors and peers, can affect an employee’s desire to participate in development opportunities. Additionally, others’ opinions about a specific development opportunity can influence an individuals’ willingness to participate (i.e. coworker has participated in development and discusses their positive/negative experience with another coworker).
- Perceived control and support – Employees must feel as though they have control over whether or not they participate in development. Allowing employees to choose development opportunities can not only encourage participation but can also increase engagement in the development program. Additionally, the perceived support from the organization, supervisor and peers can be important. This can include:
- Monetary compensation – Company pays for development or rewards the individual monetarily for completing the development program (i.e. pay raise, bonus, etc.).
- Fostering an organizational climate that encourages development – Company policies and procedures support, reward and recognize employee development. This could include formal recognition of the employee, first choice on work projects or informally acknowledging employees’ efforts.
- Reactions to employee development – An individual’s opinion about a specific development opportunity can also impact willingness to participate in future programs. Positive development experiences in the past will influence the desire to participate in the future. Therefore, both the perception of the training itself AND the perception of trainings in the past can influence employees’ willingness to participate.
Practical ImplicationsOrganizations offering voluntary development opportunities should keep in mind that it is important to:
- Offer a wide variety of quality trainings employees perceive as beneficial and applicable to their job. Employee surveys could be a useful mean in determining what employees perceive as valuable.
- Make these development opportunities known to employees. This can be done through advertising and should make the utility and applicability of the development clear, as well as illustrate how the organization will support the employee.
- Ensure employees are rewarded for their participation (whether it be monetary or recognition) as many times employees are devoting time and effort, above and beyond their normal work duties and responsibilities, to participate in the development.
The DeGarmo GroupThis was a summary of the research and practice implications from: Hurtz, G. & Williams, K. (2009). Attitudinal and Motivational Antecedents of Participation in Voluntary Employee Development Activities. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94 (3). 635-653. | <urn:uuid:556916dc-fd9e-4481-941e-005ffb95ab25> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.degarmo.com/promotion-of-voluntary-employee-development-programs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.938096 | 664 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Thinking Outside of The Box
The Phillip J. Patiño School of Entrepreneurship is a new model for secondary education. It’s an applied entrepreneurship school that fosters real-world skills – critical thinking, problem solving, and collaboration – and as seniors, students launch their own companies.
We believe the best learning happens when students have the opportunity to apply knowledge. Students start their own businesses. They build real websites and design marketing campaigns for companies during internships. Every day presents opportunities to problem solve, think critically, and build something new. This learning happens throughout our unique program: from our specialized INCubatoredu entrepreneurship courses, to our technology courses, to AP Capstone which gives students a graduate school experience. We offer courses designed for amazing student outcomes. Most of these courses cannot be found anywhere else in the Central Valley.
- Entrepreneurship: Every student takes the Business Startup Incubator course and the Business Startup Accelerator course. Through these classes, students learn the Lean Startup process: plan a business, pitch for startup capital, and start a business during their senior year.
- Mini MBA: Students who want to learn more about business can be part of our Mini MBA (Master’s in Business Administration) program. Students gain a graduate school experience through the new AP Capstone program. The AP Seminar and AP Research courses allow students to develop a thesis-like research project focused on case studies of real businesses.
- Technologist: All students take a foundational technology course in Online Marketing and Web Development. Students who want to accelerate in these areas can also take Advanced Online Marketing or Web Development and AP Computer Science. Online Marketing and Web Development courses are taught in partnership with the support of a technology consultant from the community.
- 2000 E. Cambridge Avenue, Fresno, CA 93703
- (559) 248-7360
- Student Population: 250
- Grades: 10-12
- School Type: Magnet with Pathway Programs
- School Website: go.fresnou.org/patino | <urn:uuid:33c4072d-79a0-46a7-ba14-5b2a82982205> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hscg.fresnounified.org/resources/pathways-programs/patino/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.918944 | 427 | 2.15625 | 2 |
They recently visited McBean’s, East Sussex for a guided tour of the orchid growing areas and the opportunity to learn more on orchid cultivation from the seasoned growers.
Founded in 1879, McBean’s remains one of the most famous names in orchid hybridization and the recipients of countless awards for Cymbidium and Odontoglossum breeding. They are specialist orchid growers with a long and distinguished history, which also incorporated the renowned Charlesworth odontoglossum.
The floristry students had a very informative tour and a stimulating lecture about the botany and history of the orchid family from the Head nurseryman.
Steph Willoughby, head of floristry at Plumpton College said, “We have linked this visit in our classroom lectures about botany and related aspects. We thank McBean’s for their generosity in arranging this visit and providing a stimulating visit to enhance the classroom experiences of the students. The Floristry team pride itself on making the courses enjoyable and fun as well as hard work, with visits to New Covent Garden, local wholesalers, nurseries and often to the bulb fields of Holland where possible.” | <urn:uuid:d04531a8-e49f-4533-ab20-fa2abca64828> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.southeastfarmer.net/section/news/fragrant-florists-visit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.939427 | 250 | 1.898438 | 2 |
13 April 2021
An open letter is calling on the government of Spain to act to protect Helena Maleno, a human rights defender who has saved tens of thousands of lives and who was recently violently deported from Morocco, where she has lived for 20 years, and separated from her daughter in the process.
The letter, coordinated by the organisation that Maleno founded, Caminando Fronteras (Walking Borders), calls for the Spanish government to publicly recognise the positive impact of her work as a human rights defender, an end to criminalisation and harassment, the protection of Maleno and her family, and reparations for the damages caused to them.
Maleno was acquitted by the Moroccan courts of charges of human trafficking in March 2019, the end of a judicial procedure that last for years and had its origins in a 2012 investigation launched by the Spanish National Police Central Squad of Illegal Immigration Networks and False Documents (UCRIF Central). The unit connected the activist with a "people trafficking network" because of her calls to Maritime Rescue (Salvamiento Maritimo) that led to the lives of hundreds of migrants being saved.
The letter is open for signatures by individuals and organisations and can be signed here.
The letter (translated by Statewatch) is reproduced below. Signatories are being updated on the Caminando Fronteras website.
Addressed to Mr. Pedro Sánchez Pérez-Castejón,
President of the Government of Spain.
On 23 January 2021, human rights defender Helena Maleno was deported and expelled from Morocco when she was returning from a short work trip to Spain. Morocco has been the country of residence for Helena and her family for the past 20 years. After being subjected to a violent and sudden deportation, Helena was forced to remain separated from her daughter, a minor, for several weeks, fearing for her safety whilst she remained in the country that had expelled her mother. Despite the fact that both the courts of Spain and Morocco have recognized that Helena's work is not a crime, the criminalization orchestrated for years by the Spanish Ministry of the Interior - and specifically, by the Central Squad of Illegal Immigration Networks and False Documents (UCRIF) of the National Police of Spain - has managed to force Helena and her family to leave their home.
Helena Maleno is a human rights defender and founder of the collective Caminando Fronteras. She is an expert on migration and trafficking in human beings, focused on women's rights and children. His advocacy work has saved the lives of more than 100,000 migrants on our borders, as recorded by Caminando Fronteras. It is recognized by the UN and the main international human rights organizations, highlighting the support of the UN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary and arbitrary executions and the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders. She has been distinguished with more than 20 national and international human rights awards, and has recently been named Doctor Honoris Causa by the University of the Balearic Islands.
However, after years of criminalization, having won legal proceedings in both Spain and Morocco that were the result of being framed by the police and which ended with the recognition of her defense of the rights of migrants, the violence against her and her family has not ceased.
During the judicial process in Morocco, she saw her right and that of her children to live in the country violated: their residence was retracted and their requests for it to be restored have been systematically rejected. Finally, the Moroccan police violently expelled her from the country in retaliation for her work in defense of human rights.
In this way, we demand:
Image: Caminando Fronteras
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Statewatch does not have a corporate view, nor does it seek to create one, the views expressed are those of the author. Statewatch is not responsible for the content of external websites and inclusion of a link does not constitute an endorsement. Registered UK charity number: 1154784. Registered UK company number: 08480724. Registered company name: The Libertarian Research & Education Trust. Registered office: c/o MDR, 88 Fleet Street, London EC4Y 1DH, UK. © Statewatch ISSN 1756-851X. Personal usage as private individuals "fair dealing" is allowed. We also welcome links to material on our site. Usage by those working for organisations is allowed only if the organisation holds an appropriate licence from the relevant reprographic rights organisation (eg: Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK) with such usage being subject to the terms and conditions of that licence and to local copyright law. | <urn:uuid:18bed0fb-f1b1-49c9-9a62-6d0689a0b59e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.statewatch.org/news/2021/april/spain-government-must-take-action-to-protect-human-rights-defender-helena-maleno/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965629 | 973 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Luc Tuymans is considered one of the most significant and influential contemporary painters working today. He is one of the key figures of a new generation of figurative painters who have continued to paint during a time when many believed the medium had lost its relevance. In the context of the new information age, many artists felt that painting was a deeply conservative form of expression which did not match the heterogeneous nature of contemporary experience. Tuymans' work specifically addresses the challenge of the inadequacy and 'belatedness', as he puts it, of painting.
Tuymans was born in Antwerp, Belgium in 1958 and began to study fine art in 1976. He concentrated on painting but in the early 1980s he lost faith in the medium and gave up for two years. During this time he worked as a film-maker, and when he returned to painting in the mid-1980s, he introduced new techniques such as cropping, close-ups, framing and sequencing, which remain key elements of his work today.
Tuymans' work is a vast repository of data, drawn from photography, television and film, combining a range of different styles and subject matter. His subjects range from major historical events, such as the Holocaust or the politics of the Belgian Congo, to the inconsequential and banal - wallpaper patterns, Christmas decorations, everyday objects There are also paintings which express abstract emotional states, titled 'Embitterment' or 'Insomnia', which imply existential or philosophical responses to the human condition.
Tuymans' range of imagery deliberately resists categorisation. Events and ideas are not expressed explicitly, but implied through subtle hints and allusions, creating an ambiguous collage of disconnected fragments and details. Tuymans has extended this approach in the exhibition hang at Tate Modern. He has chosen to present individual paintings from various bodies of work, bringing together disparate images from different points in his career. This approach signals Tuymans' belief that representation can only be partial and subjective, and meaning must be pieced together, like memories, through isolated fragments. | <urn:uuid:42b880f7-82c7-4800-943c-95a44d6fd8ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-modern/luc-tuymans | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970886 | 421 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Phoenix, AZ | 877-906-1633
Artwork by Joan Miro
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About the Artist
A Spanish painter, sculptor and ceramist, Miro studied at the Barcelona Ecole des Beaux Arts and at the Academie Gali. In 1919 he visited Paris and became a friend of Picasso. In 1925 he moved to Paris and developed his unique style while under the influence of the Surrealist poets and writers. His art often contains organic forms accompanied by sharp lines and splashes. Miro and Kandinsky were among the forerunners of expressive abstraction.
Miro won the 1954 Venice Biennale printmaking prize and in 1980 he received the Gold Medal of Fine Arts from King Juan Carlos of Spain.
Toward the end of his life he created hundreds of ceramics works of art including the Wall of the Moon and Wall of the Sun at the UNESCO building in Paris.
Described by Surrealism founder Andre Breton as "the most Surrealist of us all", though Miro never formally joined the Surrealist movement. | <urn:uuid:d884cfdc-7ce6-4f23-9547-dadb9f406049> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://savvycollector.com/artists/238-joan-miro | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.971986 | 260 | 2.046875 | 2 |
IAA e-Learning Portal – moodle.iaa.ac.tz is simply an online Learning portal where students can access their educational activities online.
To start Institute of Accountancy Arusha (IAA) e-Learning school activities, you will need a IAA e-Learning Portal. Therefore it is advisable that all students should create one.
If you are looking for how to log in, sign in/up, retrieve, change, or reset your profile/account dashboard password on the Institute of Accountancy Arusha, IAA E-Learning login portal online, Check below on how to access IAA e-Learning Portal.
How to access IAA e-Learning Portal
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- Click on the submit button | <urn:uuid:7d536c01-50c1-4a52-914e-3d0c00d470e8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ghanadmission.com/iaa-e-learning-portal/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.729303 | 272 | 1.539063 | 2 |
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their grandest strokes, there we feel most at home. All that Shakspeare says of the king, yonder slip of a boy that reads in the corner, feels to be true of himself. We sympathize in the great moments of history, in the great discoveries, the great resistances, the great prosperities of men ;-because there law was enacted, the sea was searched, the land was found, or the blow was struck for us, as we ourselves in that place would have done or applauded.
So is it in respect to condition and character. We honor the rich because they have externally the freedom, power and grace which we feel to be proper to man, proper to us. So all that is said of the wise man by stoic or oriental or modern essayist, describes to each man his own idea, describes his unattained but attainable self. All literature writes the character of the wise man. All books, monuments, pictures, conversation, are portraits in which the wise man finds the lineaments he is forming. The silent and the loud praise him, and accost him, and he is stimulated wherever he moves as by personal allusions. A wise and good soul, therefore, never needs look for allusions personal and laudatory in discourse. He hears the com
mendation, not of himself, but more sweet, of that character he seeks, in every word that is said concerning character, yea, further, in every fact that befalls,-in the running river, and the rustling corn. Praise is looked, homage tendered, love flows from mute nature, from the mountains and the lights of the firmament.
These hints, dropped as it were from sleep and night, let us use in broad day. The student is to read history actively and not passively; to esteem his own life the text, and books the commentary. Thus compelled, the muse of history will utter oracles, as never to those who do not respect themselves. I have no expectation that any man will read history aright, who thinks that what was done in a remote age, by men whose names have resounded far, has any deeper sense than what he is doing to-day.
The world exists for the education of each man. There is no age or state of society or mode of action in history, to which there is not somewhat corresponding in his life. Every thing tends in a most wonderful manner to abbreviate itself and yield its whole virtue to him. He should see that he can live all history in his own person. He must sit at home with might
and main, and not suffer himself to be bullied by kings or empires, but know that he is greater than all the geography and all the government of the world; he must transfer the point of view from which history is commonly read, from Rome and Athens and London to himself, and not deny his conviction that he is the Court, and if England or Egypt have any thing to say to him, he will try the case; if not, let them forever be silent. He must attain and maintain that lofty sight where facts yield their secret sense, and poetry and annals are alike. The instinct of the mind, the purpose of nature betrays itself in the use we make of the signal narrations of history. Time dissipates to shining ether the solid angularity of facts. No anchor, no cable, no fences avail to keep a fact a fact. Babylon and Troy and Tyre and even early Rome are passing already into fiction. The Garden of Eden, the Sun standing still in Gibeon, is poetry thenceforward to all nations. Who cares what the fact was, when we have thus made a constellation of it to hang in heaven an immortal sign? London and Paris and New York must go the same way. "What is History," said Napoleon, “but a fable
agreed upon?" This life of ours is stuck round with Egypt, Greece, Gaul, England, War, Colonization, Church, Court, and Commerce, as with so many flowers and wild ornaments grave and gay. I will not make more account of them. I believe in Eternity. I can find Greece, Palestine, Italy, Spain, and the Islands,—the genius and creative principle of each and of all eras in my own mind.
We are always coming up with the facts that have moved us in history in our private experience, and verifying them here. All history becomes subjective; in other words, there is properly no History; only Biography. Every soul must know the whole lesson for itselfmust go over the whole ground. What it does not see, what it does not live, it will not know. What the former age has epitomized into a formula or rule for manipular convenience, it will lose all the good of verifying for itself, by means of the wall of that rule. Somewhere or other, some time or other, it will demand and find compensation for that loss by doing the work itself. Ferguson discovered many things in astronomy which had long been known. The better for him.
History must be this or it is nothing. Every law which the state enacts, indicates a fact in human nature; that is all. We must in our own nature see the necessary reason for every fact, see how it could and must be. So stand before every public, every private work; before an oration of Burke, before a victory of Napoleon, before a martyrdom of Sir Thomas More, of Sidney, of Marmaduke Robinson, before a French Reign of Terror, and a Salem hanging of witches, before a fanatic Revival, and the Animal Magnetism in Paris, or in Providence. We assume that we under like influence should be alike affected, and should achieve the like; and we aim to master intellectually the steps, and reach the same height or the same degradation that our fellow, our proxy has done.
All inquiry into antiquity,-all curiosity respecting the pyramids, the excavated cities, Stonehenge, the Ohio Circles, Mexico, Memphis, is the desire to do away this wild, savage and preposterous There or Then, and introduce in its place the Here and the Now. It is to banish the Not me, and supply the Me. It is to abolish difference and restore unity. Belzoni | <urn:uuid:abf5661e-79a6-4e1c-bc4e-498496cee294> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://books.google.com.mm/books?id=u58XAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA12&focus=viewport&dq=editions:HARVARDHN6HM2&output=html_text | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.966202 | 1,299 | 2.375 | 2 |
People protest the separation of families in San Diego June 23. Katie Kuennen, associate director for children’s services for the USCCB’s Migration and Refugee Services office, says hundreds of American adults have called the Washington headquarters of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops seeking to provide foster care for the separated children. (CNS photo | David Maung)
By Rhina Guidos | Catholic News Service
WASHINGTON (CNS) — Some have taken their indignation all the way to the border between the U.S. and Mexico, while others have taken action closer to home, protesting while accompanied by their children and fellow parishioners in cities and towns across the U.S.
Others are volunteering their services to counsel or visit immigrant children separated from a parent or are publicly advocating against the practice.
From coast to coast, Catholics, including cardinals, bishops, women and men religious, priests and laity, and many sisters from an array of religious orders, and the organizations they staff or support, have been among some of the most public and vociferous voices around the country in defense of immigrants. That defense has gone into overdrive in efforts to reunite migrant families and to call for their humane treatment.
“Some of these episodes are right down inhumane, unbiblical and un-American,” said Cardinal Timothy M. Dolan before a crowd of reporters in New York City during a June 28 news conference aired on Facebook by CBS New York. “I’d like to think that America has just experienced a wake-up call. That we’re getting a little bit away from our roots, of a posture of welcome and hospitality and embrace to the immigrant.”
Outside a federal courthouse in El Paso, Texas, where hundreds of protesters had gathered to speak against family separation and detention in late June, Sister Simone Campbell, a Sister of Social Service who is executive director of the Catholic social justice lobby Network, addressed the crowd using the words from the Book of Micah: “What does God ask of us? Act justly, love tenderly and walk humbly.”
“Our nation is failing this mandate,” she said. “We are failing to act justly. We as a nation are not loving. Our leadership is not walking humbly. We must repent and change our course of action.”
On June 26, she tweeted that she was heading toward a detention camp for children to deliver toys and books but had “no luck” in being allowed to do so.
Father Tom Smith, a Conventual Franciscan who runs a retreat center that has housed 500 migrants since November 2016 in New Mexico, had the same experience and was denied entry to a child detention center in Texas on Father’s Day.
“This is a moral and inhumane situation,” said Father Smith in a statement posted on a Franciscan blog June 25. “Scripture calls us to welcome the foreigner, to treat them as we would treat our own. Jesus in Matthew 25 states clearly the way we treat others is the way we will be judged. Is the present immigration approach how we would want to be treated?
“Zero tolerance is vindictive and immoral. Immigration officials may now say we are not separating families, but how long will it take to unite those already separated?”
Though the Trump administration said it would temporarily stop separating children from their parents at the border, Catholics advocating for the migrants worry about the administration’s imminent plans to detain the children and their family members at camps on military bases in Texas.
On June 28, the U.S. Department of Defense released a statement saying it had received a request “to house and care for an alien family population of up to 12,000 people” for the Department of Homeland Security, which deals with immigration detention, since it oversees U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. The request, it said, was for “soft-sided camp facilities capable of sheltering up to 4,000 people at three separate locations” in Texas, Arizona, New Mexico or California.
Some of the children who already have been separated have ended up in places such as New York, with foster parents or in shelters, where organizations such as Catholic Charities are providing legal support to try to reunite them with family, or to provide emotional comfort while awaiting to be reconnected with family.
Msgr. Kevin Sullivan, executive director for Catholic Charities New York, who was present with Cardinal Dolan at the news conference, said the organization was trying to help families deal with the tragedy of the separation and trying to reassure the children experiencing difficulties as a result of the events, while also making sure they receive medical attention they might need.
“They had a plan when they came to the United States: to be with their parents. They’ve been taken away from their parents,” he said.
Father Smith said even though the administration plans to detain the families as a unit, that will not solve the problems of treating them inhumanely.
“We need to respect their dignity. Joseph and Mary and Jesus had to flee their home country because King Herod threatened to kill the child Jesus,” he said. “Would we send them back if they came to our border and say, ‘Sorry, we don’t want you!'”
In Pennsylvania, Chris Zurawski, a secular Franciscan, said she was heartened to hear her pastor’s Sunday homily address the immigration issue as a pro-life issue. The priest started the Sunday homily June 24 with St. John the Baptist and spoke of standing up for what people believed in.
“He asked questions and he said he wanted to see hands, how many are Christians? How many are Catholics? How many pro-life people contacted (their local) representatives?” about immigration and other issues that the Catholic Church backs, she recalled.
The U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops has repeatedly asked Catholics to contact their representatives to back issues that the church supports, and that includes a stance against abortion as a pro-life issue, but also immigration as a pro-life issue.
Though many Catholics, like Zurawski, are voicing support of migrants, some are going against the church’s official stance on welcoming them. Some in her parish, she said, didn’t like their pastor’s approach in tying immigration to the pro-life issue and walked out during the homily asking them to get involved.
“There are people, they don’t want to hear that stuff,” she said, in a June 29 interview with Catholic News Services. “I’m coming from a different angle because I’m a secular Franciscan.”
And that means accepting everyone into the church, she said. | <urn:uuid:cbfadaf0-eeb6-4be2-9b98-2e369ba98e24> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thecatholicsun.com/catholics-mobilize-at-border-and-around-u-s-to-help-separated-families/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.975628 | 1,437 | 1.6875 | 2 |
A growing number of consumers worldwide are demanding grown tea as well as other foods, and their shout for moving"green" has been heard and heeded. Both huge green estates, and also small artisanal farms are turning into grown standards for their tea.
The guidelines regulating organic tea are all closely regulated, and also much like the majority of government regulations and rules, is often quite clumsy. Simply speaking, organic tea is traditionally thought of as tea that has to be grown without using compound fertilizers, fertilizers, or herbicides. You can also buy organic tea via https://cha-do.de/shop/bio-tee/
It has to be described, that simply as tea isn't officially certified as organically grown, it really should not be automatically presumed that it comprises unhealthy ingredients and compounds.
Though the recent rules under green tea have been increased just back over ten decades, many health-conscious tea farmers and estates have increased compound and pesticide-free tea plants for years and years.
Following ancient agricultural approaches and fundamentals handed by their own ancestors and their ancestor's ancestors, also using covert approaches and customs maintained under wraps for years and years, understood solely by the grower, they've proven healthy, organically grown tea plants in substantially the exact same way because they have for years and years. Held for their code of integrity, all these health-conscious farmers provide teas which not just benefit the user, but also the property, atmosphere, and water, also carrying their job to help safeguard the planet. | <urn:uuid:a4acfbba-c5be-4029-be0f-34ae12b23626> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://escouts.net/organic-tea-tea-going-green/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.975789 | 311 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Few actors have managed to write, direct, and play the lead role in a movie all at once before; R. Madhavan succeeds admirably. The fact that Rocketry: The Nambi Effect is a biopic of a scientist with a complicated legacy as an ISRO trailblazer may also make Madhavan’s job more difficult. For instance, who accused him of sympathising with Pakistan and subjected him to cruelty, discrimination, and humiliation before the Supreme Court cleared him?
There are no nuances or complexities in Madhavan’s attempt to elevate Narayanan to the status of a man steadfast in his desire to inspire India’s potential for space exploration and rocket engineering. It is a gushing biopic that is heavy on patriotism and emotion but severely lacking in narrative sophistication.
The post-midpoint section of the movie is where the dramatic action takes place, and this is where we learn about Nambi Narayanan and his family’s stigmatisation. You’ll feel uneasy seeing the scientist being questioned by a group of fairly normal detectives. You’ll cringe at every blow.
Watch the trailer of Rocketry: The Nambi Effect here:
The story of Nambi Narayanan is into two parts by writer-director Madhavan. The young scientist’s time at Princeton! Moreover, his bold intentions to elevate India to the forefront of the aerospace industry is there in the first part of the film.
Then, everything comes crashing down as the puzzled, incomprehensible scientist is accused of spying. The extensive life story is completely under Madhavan’s hands as a writer, director, and actor. He is amazing at both letting storytelling loose and tightening the screws.
Despite the plot’s constant pace, the central theme is one of leisurely meditation. It was a brilliant move to include Shah Rukh Khan in the conversation with Nambi Narayanan. Khan not only hosts the program—no pun intended—but also unintentionally takes on the role of the conscience of the country. Shah Rukh Khan makes a solid impression in a pure Madhavan production. This, in my opinion, is SRK’s best recent screen performance.
The supporting cast, which features mostly uncredited actors, gives the movie more gravitas. Sam Mohan, who plays Unni, is one of my favourite supporting actors. It is a powerful portrayal of a man who, in spite of significant personal differences. Also, supports the heroic scientist who’s falsely convicted.
Every spectator in the room transforms into Unni as he says to Nambi Narayanan, “You have a lot of flaws, but you can never be a traitor to the country.”
In my opinion, you will remember every detail of Nambi Narayanan’s tale for months and years to come. A wonderful man suffered terribly. But at least one positive result came from it.
Also read: Hera Pheri 3 is confirmed!
Don’t forget to follow us on Instagram! | <urn:uuid:db8b6341-0ec4-4802-a413-5b0ae45e7be2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://saltsnap.com/rocketry-the-nambi-effect-a-tale-of-injustice-to-a-superhero-scientist/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.943711 | 638 | 1.53125 | 2 |
In 1779, the Union of Farmers, fulfilling the vow they had made to San Gregory, built a shrine in his honour as he had saved them from a plague of lobsters. The monk and architect P. Gonell from Vinaròs, erected this hermitage one kilometre away from the town. The chapel has a central nave and the body of the temple forms a Greek cross. In the altarpiece, designed by J. B. Nicolau, it is represented St. Abdon and St. Sennen, and St. Gregory is represented in the central niche. There is an altar on each side with murals dedicated to St. Rita of Casia and Saint Nicolas of Tolentino, dated in 1799, as well as the rest of the pictorial decoration of the interior. We should note the vault of the inside that rests on the shells of the presbytery and the pictorial decoration of the whole. | <urn:uuid:940a52ba-e7dc-4b04-90a2-6618c8cb67a1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.turismodecastellon.com/en/que-hacer/cultura/monumentos/show/103325 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.971937 | 195 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Title: Circular Shield (Dhāl)
Date: 19th century
Dimensions: Circ. 18.5 in.
Museum number: 1062
Physical location: Section 2 (Central Hall): Implements of War
This black leather shield is made of dried and lacquered buffalo or rhinoceros hide. The backside of the shield is lined with red velvet and a brocade pad with handgrips sewn on it. These handgrips are held in place with the four steel bosses on the facing that also serve to reinforce the shield’s central area with metal to deflect blows. The projecting circular center of each boss has a perforated border placed around it within a thin outer ring. Above these four bosses is a crescent-like shape with a design similar to the ones encircling the bosses. The two holes atop the crescent must have held a star each as is evident from a shield of similar design on the Aljantiques website (link given below).
Maharaja Ranjit Singh is shown carrying a similar round shield at his back with four bosses and a crescent in several equestrian portraits. One such example is a sepia print of a miniature painting in the Princess Bamba Collection showing the Maharaja on horseback accompanied by his ćhattar or umbrella-bearer and three lance-bearers in the immediate foreground. | <urn:uuid:6be0f5d2-75eb-44bb-a77c-484a4407953a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sikhvirsa.pk/circular-shield-dhal/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.937882 | 303 | 2.46875 | 2 |
A species of elm thought to be extinct in Great Britain for the past 50 years has just been discovered in one of the Queen's gardens in Edinburgh, Scotland.
The two Wentworth elms (Ulmus Wentworthii Pendula) were found hidden in plain sight during a recent botanical survey of the gardens surrounding the Palace of Holyroodhouse, which is the Queen's official residence in Scotland.
The strangest part is that the trees weren't hard to find - at around 30 metres (100 feet) in height, they were two of the most photographed trees in the gardens. But apparently no one had picked up on the fact that the species was supposed to be extinct.
"Such a discovery when the trees in question are just shy of 100 feet [30 metres] and in plain sight does sound rather odd," said Max Coleman from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE).
It was only when the latest survey noted the trees as unique - with their weeping appearance and waxy leaves - that botanists realised they were most likely the only surviving specimens of Wentworth elm left in Great Britain.
Coleman speculates to the BBC that the reason they went unnoticed for so long could be because Wentworth elms were never very common in the first place.
"If you pull your tree book off the shelf to try and look them up, you won't find Wentworth elm listed in the books," he explained.
Experts are now considering ways they can propagate the Wentworth elm and restore it in other parts of Great Britain - and part of that involves trying to figure out why these trees survived in the first place.
"It is very likely the only reason these rare elms have survived is because Edinburgh City Council has been surveying and removing diseased elms since the 1980s," said Coleman.
"Without that work many more of the thousands of elms in Edinburgh would have been lost. The success of this program may be partly demonstrated in the way two rare trees have been preserved."
To add to the intrigue surrounding the two Wentworth elm specimens, botanists are now speculating that they might have actually been taken from the botanic gardens in Edinburgh at some point last century.
The Edinburgh gardens' archives reveal that three Wentworth elms arrived at RBGE from Germany in 1902, but after that, all records refer to only a single tree in the botanic gardens, which died in 1996 as a result of the disease.
"It is very tempting to speculate that the Wentworth elms at the Palace are the two missing trees from RBGE. There is anecdotal evidence that the young trees could have come in to RBGE then been grown-on before planting-out in their final positions," said Coleman.
"Certainly, there was a close relationship between the Palace and the Garden in the early 20th century and the head gardener at Holyrood, William Smith, had trained here. And, although we have no record here of elms going out, we know that a large number of ivy plants went from here to Holyrood to plant round the abbey ruins."
For now, though, the origins of these two surviving Wentworth elms remains mysterious. Let's just hope the story doesn't end here, and that these two specimens go on to help continue the species on into a new century. | <urn:uuid:cac087dc-502a-44d3-83a3-4a8448e3c9a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sciencealert.com/2-trees-presumed-extinct-for-half-a-century-have-just-been-discovered-in-the-queen-s-garden?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencealert-latestnews+%28ScienceAlert-Latest%29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.979528 | 691 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Chennai, May 9 (IANS): This summer season, it seems some bacterial strains that cause conjunctivitis or “Madras eye” have become stronger and drug-resistant, an eye specialist said.
“We are getting around 10 patients with the Madras eye problem per day. We also find the bacteria that causes the conjunctivitis is becoming resistant to the over-the-counter eye drops,” Sapna Mardi, senior consultant, medical retina and glaucoma services at Vasan Eye Care Hospital here, told IANS.
She said mild forms of bacteria are self-limiting and the eye will be alright soon but the infection by a more severe bacterial strain will take around three/four weeks to cure.
The eye ailment is also known as red or pink eye.
Mardi said Madras eye is an infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inside surface of the eyelids.
She said conjunctivitis is of three types – infective, allergic and chemical. Infective conjunctivitis is caused by bacterial or viral infection while allergic variant is due to seasonal allergies such as dust, smoke and pollen.
“Chemical conjunctivitis is the result of exposure of eyes to irritants such as shampoo, dirt, smoke, and pool chlorine,” she added.
Conjunctivitis caused by virus or bacteria is contagious and spreads from person to person through touching or contact, including contaminated hands, towels, handkerchiefs, and eye makeup.
“More than the bacterial infection, it is the viral conjunctivitis which is more serious as it affects the cornea and vision starts dropping,” Mardi said.
Conjunctivitis makes the eyes look red and blood-shot. There is increased tearing and secretion of mucous and pus, often leading to matting of the eye lashes, particularly after sleep.
The infected person may experience an itching or burning sensation in the eyes, blurred vision or increased sensitivity to light (photophobia). Fortunately, conjunctivitis is self-limiting and usually runs its course in a week to 10 days, Mardi said.
She said keeping oneself well hydrated by drinking around eight glasses of water daily and eating foods rich in cereals and greens are good for the eyes.
A well-rested body and a good night’s sleep show in bright healthy eyes. Chilled cucumber or tea bags applied over eyes refresh them and reduce tiredness.
Mardi said Madras city might be now called Chennai but the eye ailment retains its old name.
Precautions to be taken by people with Madras eye:
* Avoid touching or rubbing the infected eyes.
* Wash your eyes with cold water several times a day, especially after returning home from a long day outdoors.
* Avoid sharing articles such as towels, napkins, pillows, beds and eye cosmetics that can transmit the infection to you or to others.
* Wear glasses over contact lenses and never use anyone else’s contact lenses.
* Shield your eyes with shades while travelling on a two-wheeler.
* Never swim without wearing goggles.
* Wash your hands before and after using eye drops and ointments.
* Do not apply ointments or drops used for an infected eye into an uninfected eye.
* Avoid direct interaction with people who have conjunctivitis until their condition heals.
* Do not touch or shake hands with infected persons. | <urn:uuid:93c5ac92-3912-41c6-91cd-6a8addde21e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newskarnataka.com/health-lifestyle/this-summer-madras-eye-becoming-drug-resistant | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.944689 | 745 | 2.90625 | 3 |
The diversity of bees is important for maintaining
Rutgers scientists assessing the level of bee species diversity needed to sustain wild plant populations have concluded that ecosystems depend on many bee species to thrive, not just a few dominant ones.
The report, published in The Proceedings of the Royal Society B, supports the fundamental idea that biodiversity is essential for sustaining life on Earth, especially at a time when species are rapidly disappearing due to the pressures of climate change and human development.
“This is one of the strongest demonstrations to date of the importance of bee diversity and rare bee species in maintaining healthy ecosystems,” said Dylan Simpson, author and doctoral student on the program. Graduate Studies in Ecology and Evolution from Rutgers. “It’s important because pollination is essential for plant reproduction. And life on earth ultimately depends on plants.
The researchers conducted their investigation by analyzing data from extensive field surveys recording bees visiting flowers in 10 wilderness settings and an experimental garden of native plant species in New Jersey. In the surveys, the researchers directly observed bee-plant interactions, identified the bee species and flower species visited, and tracked the frequency of interactions between specific bee and plant species.
There are about 400 species of bees in New Jersey alone – some familiar ones, like the common eastern bumblebee (Bombus impatiens), but others rarely seen. “There are a lot more bees than you think,” Simpson said. “Many are small, some are metallic and shiny, some are dark, unscratched and inconspicuous.”
While the sightings were all made in open grassland habitats, the bee species observed included those associated with both forests and human-dominated habitats. Pollinated plants included some of the following plants: Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta); bee balm (Fistulous monarda); different species of goldenrod (of the genus Solidago); New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae); species of milkweed (of the genus Asclepias); and common weeds, such as white clover (Trifolium repens) and red clover (T. pratense).
Researchers were trying to establish how many species of bees are needed to pollinate distinct segments of nature. Using this as a framework for investigation, they also wanted to understand the function of rare species in this landscape.
“There is a moral and ethical imperative to try to manage ecosystems to keep communities as they are, so they don’t disappear,” Simpson said. “But there’s also the practical argument to be made to come to a better understanding – much of our food comes from animal-pollinated crops.”
Based on their analysis of the data, the authors found:
- Different species of bees are often important for different plant species. Accordingly, while only a few bee species are important for a particular plant species, the number of bee species needed to support a large plant community must be equally large.
- A significant portion of the bees that pollinated the plants were rare species.
Much of the past research has generally focused on single-species crops and concluded that pollination often depends on a few honey bees.
“In contrast, this study focused on a wider variety of plants and found that even rare bees can be important for particular plants,” Simpson said. “These findings suggest that ecologists have likely underestimated the importance of bee diversity for pollination in various natural ecosystems.”
Other authors on the paper include: Rachael Winfree, a professor in the Rutgers Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources; Lucia Weinman, Michael Roswell, and Molly McLeod, all from Rutgers’ graduate program in ecology and evolution; and Mark Genung of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette.
The title of the article
Many species of bees, including rare species, are important for the functioning of all plant-pollinator networks
Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of press releases posted on EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system. | <urn:uuid:987e58b7-2e37-4ab5-b825-e3df7d0bf937> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://elsverds.org/the-diversity-of-bees-is-important-for-maintaining/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.937276 | 861 | 3.65625 | 4 |
Over the last couple of years, the term Big Data has been bantered around to generally describe systems with the ability to process vast arrays of semi-unstructured and fully unstructured data. IT vendors and market research firms, particularly IBM and Gartner have used the three “V’s” – volume, velocity and variety to describe various attributes of Big Data. Though IDC uses the three “Vs” as well, it added a fourth for “value.”
Unfortunately, the three “V’s” offer little insight into what Big Data actually does. Yes, they describe the information that is involved with Big Data but they do not offer an understanding of its purpose of Big Data. IDC’s addition of “value” to the equation brings the entirety a lot closer to providing a meaningful description.
At Neuralytix, we believe that that it is now appropriate to refine the term of Big Data to “a set of technologies that creates strategic organization value by leveraging contextualized complete data sets.”
Like previous definitions, Neuralytix recognizes that Big Data encompasses a set of technologies; it is not, itself a technology. In an era of convergence, where hardware – compute, storage and network – and software – are often delivered in a prescribed manner, Big Data is most likely to be delivered in a predefined cluster of industry standard (commodity) x86-based servers, storage and networking infrastructure with proprietary software layered on top.
Unlike other definitions, Neuralytix permits the consideration of non-x86 platforms into the equation. This is deliberate. While the concept of Big Data obviously involves some volume of data, it does not define how much. This seems a sensible concept since “big” is a relative term. To a large multi-national conglomerate, “big” could be multiple petabytes of data; while big, in terms of a small business could be a handful of gigabytes.
More importantly, this discrepancy and wide range means that different organizations will require differing kinds and amounts of infrastructure to support its Big Data activities. The largest organizations may need more compute capacity to process the necessary data sets. While significant enhancements have been made to the x86 platform through multi-core, multi-socketed, multi-layered caching, etc. there are likely to be situations in which non-x86 platforms (such as IBM’s Power Systems) may be more appropriate and more cost effective in the value equation.
Supporting IDC’s view that “value” is critical, Neuralytix’s definition extends this to stipulate that Big Data should generate strategic value. The strategic element is significant in this case. Many traditional analytics and data warehouse processes provide operational (read: tactical) efficiencies. In short, they continuously improve existing processes to curtail cost while supporting growth. While Neuralytix’s definition emphasizes strategic value, we in no way diminish the importance of tactical value. In essence, we believe Big Data is less about refining current processes than it is about spawning opportunities for business process re-engineering that can have a long term impact on an organization’s core competitiveness.
Differing from most traditional definitions of Big Data, Neuralytix also does not put as much weight on the concept of variety of data in Big Data since leveraging the right data in the right context is ultimately what will generate strategic value. As such, the concept of contextualization is a critical one. Irrespective of the source or the type of data, strategic value can only generated with the most appropriate data sets. In some cases, a data set may consist of a homogeneous stream of data. In other cases, heterogeneous sets of data may be required. Either way, the cross-referencing of multiple data sets is a basic aspect of contextualizing data. Data has no context without references to other data. Data that persists independent of other data is useless.
Finally, Neuralytix’s Big Data definition specifies “complete data sets” and is perhaps the most differentiated aspect of our approach. Historically, a lack of computational, storage or networking capacity, performance or cost have restricted data analytics, search and discovery to summarized or sampled data sets. Summarized or sampled data sets, by definition are skewed. With the affordability, availability, and accessibility of vast arrays of computational, storage and networking capacity, organizations can now perform analytics, search and discovery on complete data sets.
Ultimately, Neuralytix believes that Big Data is less about what type of data and the amount of data. Instead, Big Data is about creating organizational value – value that can be derived by putting data into context.
Updated July 9, 2012 with thanks to Charles King, Pund-IT | <urn:uuid:1b454cb1-8031-4179-a074-e01a6ce04c6c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://neuralytix.com/archives/redefining-big-data/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.92851 | 1,003 | 2.3125 | 2 |
During pregnancy, you will start to feel your baby’s movements during the second trimester. Exactly when this happens varies for everyone, but it often starts as flutters and turns into jabs and kicks. There are times, though, when you’ll notice jerky, rhythmic movements, which are actually fetal hiccups!
That’s right — babies get hiccups in the womb. Fetal hiccups are normal and usually nothing to worry about. However, there are a few key points to know when it comes to timing and whether those jerking motions should ever be a concern. In this post, we’ll explore fetal hiccups and answer your questions, including when to call your provider.
Why Do Fetal Hiccups Happen?
Experts actually aren’t completely sure why babies hiccup in the womb“What causes hiccups in babies in the womb?” Medical News Today, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322372#how-to-stop-fetal-hiccups. There are a couple theories, though. One is that fetal hiccups help to control the amount of fluid in the amniotic sac. As pressure from the increased amniotic fluid builds, babies are prompted to hiccup and swallow the excess.
Another hypothesis is that fetal hiccups aid in the development of the baby’s lungs, and the tiny movements of the baby’s diaphragm allow them to practice breathing. As the baby inhales, he or she swallows amniotic fluid, and the still-forming diaphragm contracts, leading to hiccups in utero.
What Do Baby Hiccups Feel Like?
Most gestational parents describe fetal hiccups as a rhythmic twitching that originates from one area of the abdomen“My Baby Hiccups in the Womb: Is This Normal?” Healthline, https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/baby-hiccups-in-womb. You might initially think you’re feeling a soft punch or kick, but then you’ll notice it again and again and, well, again. In that case, your baby is experiencing fetal hiccups. They are usually quick, repetitive motions that soon become a familiar pulsing.
Some pregnant people begin feeling fetal hiccups as early as 16 weeks, while others don’t notice them until 20-24 weeks or later“Pregnancy: Weeks 21-24”, Kaiser Permanente, https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health/care/…. Timing varies widely and often depends on the position of the placenta. Not all fetuses get hiccups, but some will experience them often. Just like infants, babies in utero could have hiccups once or several times a day. While this phenomenon might be charming at first, you might get tired of it. There’s nothing you can do about the hiccups, and they will stop soon.
When Should I Contact my Provider about Fetal Hiccups?
In most cases, fetal hiccups are completely normal and not a cause for concern. Feeling them throughout the second trimester and at the beginning of the third trimester usually indicates the baby’s respiratory and nervous systems are developing well, as are their reflexes.
However, the frequency of fetal hiccups should decrease as you get closer to delivery, and you probably will not feel baby hiccups every day. Jerky movements late in the third trimester could suggest a problem with the umbilical cord, which supplies oxygen and nourishment to the baby in utero“Oh, my! What’s this?” Project Alive and Kicking, https://www.projectaliveandkicking.org/operation-due-date/oh-mywhats-this/.
Researchers have studied this hyperactivity and determined it can be a fetal response to umbilical cord compression“Umbilical cord accidents,” Jason H. Collins, MD, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3428685/. This results in disturbances to intrauterine umbilical blood flow, stimulating the fetus to react reflexively and excessively. If you perceive a change or significant increase in the amount of fetal hiccups, reach out to your provider“Association between maternally perceived quality and pattern of fetal movements and late stillbirth,” Billie F. Bradford, et al, Scientific Reports, … Continue reading.
All that said, it’s important to note that umbilical cord accidents are rare, and many babies are able to reposition themselves to relieve any cord compression. For anxious loss parents, though, it is helpful to be aware of the signs of cord accidents. Just like counting movements and kicks is important, pay attention to those fetal hiccups.
- Let’s Talk Fetal Movement
- Braxton Hicks or Contractions: What You Need to Know
- When to Call Your Provider in the First, Second, and Third Trimesters of Pregnancy After Loss
- Did I just feel my baby? Or was that a contraction? How to know for sure.
|↑1||“What causes hiccups in babies in the womb?” Medical News Today, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322372#how-to-stop-fetal-hiccups|
|↑2||“My Baby Hiccups in the Womb: Is This Normal?” Healthline, https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/baby-hiccups-in-womb|
|↑3||“Pregnancy: Weeks 21-24”, Kaiser Permanente, https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health/care/…|
|↑4||“Oh, my! What’s this?” Project Alive and Kicking, https://www.projectaliveandkicking.org/operation-due-date/oh-mywhats-this/|
|↑5||“Umbilical cord accidents,” Jason H. Collins, MD, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3428685/|
|↑6||“Association between maternally perceived quality and pattern of fetal movements and late stillbirth,” Billie F. Bradford, et al, Scientific Reports, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-46323-4| | <urn:uuid:3a602943-b08a-4128-ae99-5e77eae91f1c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pregnancyafterlosssupport.org/baby-hiccups-in-the-womb-what-is-normal/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.903592 | 1,449 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) is again calling on Congress to stop student loan rates from doubling on July 1. The senior senator from Massachusetts says that doing this comes down to two issues: money and values.
Speaking on the Senate floor on Thursday, she first covered the money, pointing out that the government actually profits off student loans:
Some have argued that we can’t afford to keep interest rates low. But let’s be clear: Right now the federal government is making a profit from our students. Just last month, the Congressional Budget Office calculated that the government will make $51 billion this year off student loans. Think about that. $51 billion. And that’s $16 billion higher than the earlier estimate. We have the money to cut interest rates—if we’re willing to reduce the profits we make from our students.
She then connected the loan issue to the bailouts of big banks to argue that we need to adjust our values to support students:
Have we become a people who will support our big banks with nearly free loans, while we crush our kids who are trying to get an education? The student loan program makes obscene profits on the backs of our students. This is morally wrong, and we must put a stop to it.
Our students don’t have high-paid lobbyists to look out for their interests, but they do have their voices. Petitions urging Congress to pass a short-term plan for interest rates to prevent them from doubling have already collected more than a million signatures. Our students and their families are asking for what is right. They are asking for something we can easily afford. Let’s show them that government can work for them.
This chart from the Century Foundation makes it clear what’s largely behind the rise in cost of college, lower government funding being passed on to students: | <urn:uuid:c2193b2a-0d1f-402d-8dd4-0e43899ecc6b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nationalmemo.com/with-about-20-days-until-student-loan-rates-double-elizabeth-warren-says-this-is-morally-wrong | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965503 | 383 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Sustainable CT was created by towns, for towns. Municipal leaders and residents from across the state, CCM, and people from key agencies, non-profits and businesses partnered to develop the program during 2016 and 2017. The Institute for Sustainable Energy at Eastern Connecticut State University led and coordinated program development, with generous support from the Emily Hall Tremaine Foundation, Hampshire Foundation, and Common Sense Fund.
What is it?
Sustainable CT is a voluntary certification program to recognize thriving and resilient Connecticut municipalities. An independently funded, grassroots, municipal effort, Sustainable CT provides a wide-ranging menu of best practices. Municipalities choose Sustainable CT actions, implement them, and earn points toward certification.
Sustainable CT also provides opportunities for grant funding to help communities promote economic well-being and enhance equity, all while respecting the finite capacity of the natural environment. The program is designed to support all Connecticut municipalities, regardless of size, geography or resources. Sustainable CT empowers municipalities to create high collective impact for current and future residents.
Sustainable CT is open to all cities and towns in Connecticut. The program is voluntary and participation is free.
CCM is pleased to offer the Sustainable CT Training Workshop series to help municipalities complete sustainability actions and submit for Sustainable CT certification. The 3-hour workshops are no cost to CCM members and will feature presentations and interactive sessions with municipal leaders that achieved Sustainable CT certification in 2018, highlighting success stories in Sustainable CT's nine action categories. Each workshop will include a brief overview of Sustainable CT in addition to content-specific information. Some workshops will be hosted in Sustainable CT certified towns and include show and tell best practices. All trainings in the Sustainable CT Workshop Series are eligible for Certified Connecticut Municipal Official (CCMO) credits.
Visit the CCM training page to learn more.
Visit the Sustainable CT website at https://sustainablect.org/ to learn more. | <urn:uuid:d66914ba-9d86-4a97-a89b-68e4acbe0837> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ccm-ct.org/Services/Sustainable-CT | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.91497 | 389 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Tom Palmer, Willett Pond Manager & NepRWA Staff Photographer
Here’s the Target store that just opened at 221 University Avenue in Westwood. It looks like a pizza box. I’m still wondering how they got all the snow off the roof.
Just down the road an equally massive Wegman’s supermarket is under construction, with a clock tower on the corner and a 130-unit apartment complex, The Gables, at left rear.
Here’s the space in between, currently used for staging but soon to become a parking lot. As Westwood’s official description states, “all retail and restaurant buildings will be designed to complement each other architecturally, and each will have ample nearby parking within a landscaped lot.” How many parking spaces will there be? Approximately 5,596, according to documents filed with the state.
These new parking spaces will contribute over half of the 84 new acres of impervious surface the $700 million project will create. But are those 84 acres really new? Here’s how University Avenue looked in 1995, when it was zoned industrial. | <urn:uuid:3497759a-cf41-4b07-8981-47b117565c39> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.neponset.org/happenings/photos-big-boxes-come-to-westwood/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.935161 | 237 | 1.5625 | 2 |
The Arizona Revised Statutes have been updated to include the revised sections from the 55th Legislature, 1st Regular Session. Please note that the next update of this compilation will not take place until after the conclusion of the 55th Legislature, 2nd Regular Session, which convenes in January 2022.
This online version of the Arizona Revised Statutes is primarily maintained for legislative drafting purposes and reflects the version of law that is effective on January 1st of the year following the most recent legislative session. The official version of the Arizona Revised Statutes is published by Thomson Reuters.
In this article, unless the context otherwise requires:
1. "Critical infrastructure" means systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, that are so vital to this state and the United States that the incapacity or destruction of those systems and assets would have a debilitating impact on security, economic security, public health or safety.
2. "Critical infrastructure information":
(a) Means information that is not customarily in the public domain, that is related to the security of critical infrastructure or protected systems and that is related to any of the following:
(i) A disaster, either human caused, computer based or natural.
(ii) The ability of critical infrastructure to resist such a disaster, including planned or past assessments of vulnerability and risk management planning.
(iii) Planned or past operational problems regarding critical infrastructure.
(b) Includes emergency response plans.
3. "Critical infrastructure information system" means a program that uses advanced technologies to provide personnel who are involved in homeland security planning and operations with real time information regarding critical infrastructure within this state and critical infrastructure located outside of this state that may affect the safety and well-being of citizens of this state. | <urn:uuid:c0599c84-d666-40d6-87d5-0d8b35fce3f8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.azleg.gov/viewdocument/?docName=https://www.azleg.gov/ars/41/01801.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.930939 | 356 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India launched the country’s brand new app, BHIM to encourage the digital payments. BHIM stands for Bharat Interface for Money and it is named for Dr BR Ambedkar. It is a straightforward UPI app which will let the users to make simple digital payments directly from their bank account. It will allow you to receive or pay the money via online banking.
It is way better than the wallet, because you will have to withdraw money from the ATMs and load the cash in your wallet whereas in the case of BHIM app, you can finish everything in a few clicks. According to PM Modi, this app can be used in all the phones (both Smartphones and feature phones)
PM Modi said:
“One only needs a thumb. There was a time when an illiterate was called ‘angutha chchap’. Now, time has changed. Your thumb is your bank now. It has become your identity now.”
What is BHIM app?
Using the BHIM app, you will be to receive or send money via the app to make a digital payment. Unlike your wallet, as the app is linked with your bank account, you will not have to load the money in your wallet and the merchant will not have to worry about transferring the amount to their bank accounts.
How to get BHIM app on your phone?
How to use the BHIM app?
After the BHIM app is downloaded, you will have to register your bank account using the app and setup a UPI PIN. The payment address would be your mobile number and now you are all set to make transactions. Using the app, you will be able to receive or send money to a phone number, check the balance, or scan a QR code to make the payments without sharing a phone number.
Will it work on feature phones?
Besides the app, you can access the interface via USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Service Data) from feature phones. You will have to dial *99# to initiate the process. An internet connection will not be needed in this method.
Which bank supports this app?
As long as your bank supports UPI, BHIM app will be supported by your bank. However, we have created a list for you.
Vijaya Bank, United Bank of India, Union Bank of India, Syndicate Bank, State Bank of India, Standard Chartered Bank, South Indian Bank, RBL Bank, Punjab National Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Kotak Mahindra Bank, Karur Vysya Bank, Karnataka Bank, IndusInd Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, Indian Bank, IDFC Bank, IDBI Bank, ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Federal Bank, Dena Bank, DCB Bank, Central Bank of India, Catholic Syrian Bank, Canara Bank, Bank of Maharashtra, Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Axis Bank, Andhra Bank, Allahabad Bank.
Is there any transaction limit?
A maximum of Rs 10000 is allowed per transaction and Rs 20000 per 24 hours.
Don’t miss: Digi Dhan Vyapar Yojana and Lucky Grahak Yojana | <urn:uuid:d6b191c8-ff1c-4b62-bfcd-2a007d5047d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.techdotmatrix.com/2016/12/everything-about-the-bhim-app-which-was-launched-by-pm-modi/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.934602 | 679 | 1.789063 | 2 |
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Old Testament Hebrew Lexical Dictionary
Strong's #1123 - בֵּן
1) son, child
1037) nb (בנ BN) AC: Build CO: Tent panel AB: Intelligence: The pictograph b is a picture of the tent. The n is a picture of a sprouting seed and represents continuity as the seed continues the next generation. The combined meaning of these letters mean “the continuing of the house”. The tent was constructed of woven goat hair. Over time the sun bleaches and weakens the goat hair necessitating their continual replacement. Each year the women make a new panel, approximately3feet wide and the length of the tent. The old panel is removed (being recycled into a wall or floor) and the new strip is added to the tent. Since the tent is only replaced one small piece at a time the tent essentially lasts forever. (eng: beam - a component of construction with an exchange for the m and n; between - with the t added)
A) nb (בנ BN) AC: ? CO: Tent Panel AB: ?: There are many similarities between building a tent out of goat hair panels and the building of a house out of sons (The idea of building a house with sons can be seen in ge303) . Just as the tent panels are added to continue the tent, sons are born to the family to continue the family line. Just as the tent is continually being renewed with new panels, the family is continually being renewed with new sons.
Nm) nb (בנ BN) - Son: One who continues the family line. [Hebrew and Aramaic; Transforms to rbwhen used in the possessive] KJV (4925): son, children, old, first, man, young, stranger, people - Strongs: H1121 (בֵּן), H1123 (בֵּן), H1247 (בַּר)
Nf2 ) tnb (בנת BNT) - Daughter: Also a village that resides outside of the city walls as the daughter of the city. [df: tb] KJV (588): daughter, town, village, first, apple, branches, children, company, eye, old - Strongs: H1323 (בַּת)
im ) nbt (תבנ TBN) - Straw: When more permanent structures were built they were constructed of stones and bricks made of clay and straw, replacing the tent panels as the main component of construction for dwellings. KJV (17): straw, stubble, chaff - Strongs: H8401 (תֶּבֶן)
aim) nbtm (מתבנ MTBN) - Straw: When more permanent structures were built they were constructed of stones and bricks, made of clay and straw, replacing the tent panels as the main component of construction for dwellings. KJV (1): straw - Strongs: H4963 (מַתְבֵּן)
V) enb (בנה BNH) - Build: To build or construct a building, home or family. [Hebrew and Aramaic] KJV (398): (vf: Paal, Niphal) build, build up, builder, repair, set up, building, make, children - Strongs: H1124 (בְּנָא), H1129 (בָּנָה)
J) nfb (בונ BWN) AC: Plan CO: ? AB: Intelligence: The skill of the mind and hands to build. Before the tent is constructed the location and orientation must be carefully considered according to weather, view and size. The planning and building of a house, structure or family.
M) nib (בינ BYN) AC: Plan CO: ? AB: Understand: The tent was usually divided into two parts, one for the females and the other for the male. The wall makes a distinction between the two sides. Understanding as the ability to discern between two or more things.
V) nib (בינ BYN) - Understand: KJV (170): (vf: Paal, Niphal, Hiphil) understand, cunning, skilful, teacher, taught, consider, perceive, wise, viewed, discern, prudent, consider - Strongs: H995 (בִּין)
Nm) nib (בינ BYN) - Between: As the wall is between the two sides of the tent. [Hebrew and Aramaic] KJV (36): between, among, asunder, betwixt, within, out of, from - Strongs: H996 (בַּיִן), H997 (בֵּין), H1143 (בֵּנַיִם)
Jeff Benner, Ancient Hebrew Research Center Used by permission of the author.
בֵּן (for בֵּנֶה from the root בָּנָה No. 3), const. בֶּן־ (with prefixes כְּ, בְּ, לְ without Makkeph), rarely בִּן Proverbs 30:1; Deuteronomy 25:2; Jonah 4:10 and whenever followed by the pr.n. נוּן; once בְּנִי (like אֲבִי), Genesis 49:11, and בְּנוֹ Numbers 24:3, 15 Numbers 24:15. Pl. בָּנִים (as if from sing. בָּן), const. בְּנֵי.
A son (Arab. إِبْنُ; pl. بنُونَ const. بنى, بنى; on the Phœn. monuments very often בן; but in Aram. בַּר, ܒܪܐܳ from בְּרָא to procreate, but with pl. בְּנִין, בְּנֵי, ܒܢܝ̈ܐ). Κατʼ ἐξοχὴν used of the king’s son [The son of God really], Isaiah 9:5 compare בֶּן־מֶלֶךְ Psalms 72:1 pl. בָּנִים sometimes used of children of both sexes, Genesis 3:16, 21:7 30:1 31:17 32:12 Deuteronomy 4:10 although more often there is fully expressed בָּנִים וּבָנוֹת Genesis 5:4,, 10, 13 11:11, seq. In sing. a trace of the common gender is found in בֶּן־זָכָר (more correctly בֵּן זָכָר) “a male son,” Jeremiah 20:15 compare υἱὸς ἄῤῥην, Revelation 12:5. It belongs to poetic diction when “sons of the Grecians” is used for the Grecians; Joel 4:6, like υἷες Ἀχαιῶν, and “sons of the Ethiopians,” Amos 9:7, for the Ethiopians; compare יַלְדֵי נָכִרִים Isaiah 2:6, used of foreigners; בְּנֵי אֶבְיוֹן of the poor, Psalms 72:4 and Greek δυστήνων παῖδες, Il. φ΄. 151. The similar condition of the father and the son is shewn everywhere by this phrase.
The name of son, like those of father and brother (see אָב, אָח ), is of wide extent in Hebrew, and is variously applied. It is used
(1) Of a grandson (like אָב of a grandfather), Genesis 29:5; Ezra 5:1 compare Zechariah 1:1 plur. בָּנִים grandsons, Genesis 32:1 (31:55 ); 31:28 (although where there is greater accuracy of speech grandsons are called בְּנֵי בָנִים Exodus 34:7; Proverbs 13:22, 17:6 ); also descendants, as בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Israelites; בְּנֵי יְהוּדָה, בְּנֵי לֵוִי Jews, Levites; בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן Ammonites; בְּנֵי חֵת Hittites; בְּנֵי יִשְׁמָעֵאל Ishmaelites. In the same sense is used בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל, בֵּית יְהוּדָה (see בַּיִת No. 8 ); also אִישׁ יש׳ (see אִישׁ 1, g).
(2) It is a name of age, for boy, youth, like the Greek παῖς; compare בַּת No. 2, Song of Solomon 2:3; Proverbs 7:7. The name of son
(3) is applied to a subject, rendering obedience to a king or lord, as to a father, 2 Kings 16:7. Hence metaph. a son of death is one doomed to die, and as if delivered into the dominion of death; 1 Samuel 20:31. 2 Samuel 12:5 “a son of stripes,” i.q. doomed to stripes; Deuteronomy 25:2 compare νἱὸς γεέννης, Matthew 23:15 τῆς ἀπωλείας, John 17:12. Son is applied to
(4) a foster son, who is brought up like a son, Exodus 2:10 compare Acts 7:21 and a disciple, inasmuch as teachers were treated with reverence and obedience, like parents, and received the title of father (see אָב No. 5 ). Hence בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים “sons of the prophets,” for disciples of the prophets, and the schools of the prophets themselves, 1 Kings 20:35; 2 Kings 2:3, 2 Kings 2:5, 2 Kings 2:7, 4:38, etc.; compare Amos 7:14. (So among the Persians, “sons of the magi,” used for the disciples of the magi; among the Greeks ἰατρῶν υἱοί, ῥητόρων υἱοί, παῖδες μουσικῶν, φιλοσόφων for ἰατροί, μουσικοί, etc.; Syr. ܒܢܰܚ ܒܰܪܕܰܝܨܳܢ sons, i.e. disciples of Bardesanes.) To this usage belongs the manner in which, in the book of Proverbs, the poet [inspired writer] addresses the reader, “my son,” Proverbs 2:1, 3:1, 21 4:10, 20 5:1 6:1 7:1 compare בַּת Psalms 45:11.
(5) Followed by a gen. of place, it denotes a man there born, or brought up, as “sons of Zion,” Zionites, Psal. 149:2 “sons of Babylon,” Ezekiel 23:15, 17 Ezekiel 23:17“sons of the East,” i.e. Arabs (see קֶדֶם); “sons of the province,” Ezra 2:1 “sons of a foreign country,” Genesis 17:12 “son of a house,” i.e. verna (see בַּיִת ); “son of a womb,” born of the same womb (see בֶּטֶן ). This arises from things, which are done in any time or place, being attributed to the time or place itself (see Isaiah 3:26, 8:23 Job 3:3); and countries or cities are regarded as the mothers of their particular inhabitants (see אֵם ), and also nations as fathers; whence there is also said בְּנֵי עַמִּי “sons of my people,” i.e. “those who are of my people” (see עַם ) and בְּנֵי הָעָם of the common people, Jeremiah 17:19, 26:23. Used of animals, Deuteronomy 32:14, “rams, sons of Bashan.” It is also applied to things which are contained in any place, as “sons of a quiver,” used of arrows, Lamentations 3:13.
(6) Followed by a gen. of time, it denotes a person or thing, either born or appearing in that time, or as having existed during that time. Thus, “son of his old age,” i.e. born in his old age, Genesis 37:3 “son of youth,” born to a young father, Psalms 127:4 “sons of bereavement,” born of a bereaved mother, i.e. in exile, Isaiah 49:20 “son of five hundred years,” five hundred years old, Genesis 5:32 “a lamb בֶּן־שָׁנָה of the first year,” Exodus 12:5. Jonah 4:10, of the ricinus שֶׁבִּן־לַיְלָה הָיָה וּבִן־לַיְלָה אָבָד “which sprung up in one night, and perished in one night;” “son of the morning,” poetically of the morning star, lucifer, as if born in the morning, Isaiah 14:12.
(7) Followed by a genitive denoting virtue, vice, or condition of life; it denotes a man who has that virtue or vice, or who has been brought up in that condition, as בֶּן־חַיִל “a son of strength,” a hero, warrior (see חַיִל ); בֶּן־בְּלִיַּעַל “son of wickedness,” a wicked man; בֶּן־עַוְלָה id.; בְּנֵי שַׁחַץ “sons of pride,” poetically used of wild beasts; בֶּן־עֳנִי i.q. עָנָי poor, wretched, Proverbs 31:5 “son of possession,” i.e. possessor, heir, Genesis 15:2 “sons of pledging,” i.e. hostages, 2 Kings 14:14 compare υἱὸς τῆς ἀπειθείας, Ephes. 2:2, τέκνα ὑπακοῆς, 1 Peter 1:14. In other figurative and poetic phrases of this kind, which are also common in other cognate languages (see Gol. v. ابن; Castell and Buxtorf v. בַּר; Jones, on Asiatic Poetry, p. 128, seq.), that is called the son of anything which is like it, as “sons of lightning,” used of birds rivalling the lightning in swiftness, Job 5:7 or which is dependent on it, as “sons of a bow,” used of arrows, Job 41:20 or which by any connection is closely joined with it, as “sons of oil,” those anointed with oil, Zechariah 4:14 “son of oil, or fatness,” fat, fertile, etc.; compare אָב, אִישׁ, בַּעַל.
(8) The appellation of “sons of God,” is given in the Old Test.
(a) to angels, Genesis 6:2, seq.; Job 1:6, 2:1 38:7 Psalms 29:1, 89:7 either as the hosts and attendants of God (see צָבָא ), or on account of a greater likeness to the divine nature, although a body is attributed to them, Gen. loc. cit.
(b) to kings (not those of the Hebrews only, but foreign ones also, Psalms 89:28), as being the substitutes of God on earth, taught and aided by the Divine Spirit, 1 Samuel 10:6, 1 Samuel 10:9, 11:6 16:13, 14 1 Samuel 16:14; Isaiah 11:1, Isaiah 11:2[Here applied to Christ]; thus also in the Greek poets, Διογενεῖς βασιλῆες. Psalms 2:7, “the Lord said to me, thou art my son, this day have I begotten thee,” i.e. constituted king (compare Jeremiah 2:27), [Christ in resurrection is here spoken of]. Psalms 82:6, “I have said ye are gods (O kings), and every one of you children of the Most High;”7, “but ye shall die like (common) men,” etc. Psalms 89:28; 2 Samuel 7:14.
(c) to mem who piously worship God, Psalms 73:15; Proverbs 14:26; Deuteronomy 14:1 specially the Israelites, although sometimes ungrateful children, Isaiah 1:2, 30:1, Isaiah 30:9, 43:6 Hosea 2:1; Jeremiah 3:14, 19. In sing. Israel is called “son of God,” Hosea 11:1 [applied to Christ]; and the first-born and beloved, Exodus 4:22, 23 compare Jeremiah 31:20.-The name of son is used
(9) of the young of animals, as בְּנֵי־צאֹן “sons of sheep,” lambs, Psalms 114:4 בְּנִי אֲתֹנוֹ “son of his ass,” i.q. עִירוֹ Genesis 49:11 “sons of a dove,” i.e. young doves, Leviticus 12:6 “sons of a raven,” Psalms 147:9.
(10) son of a tree appears to be poetically used for sucker, offshoot (compare יוֹנֵק, יוֹנֶקֶת). Genesis 49:22, בֵּן פֹּרָת יוֹסֵף “Joseph (is) the son of a fruitbearing tree)”; for בֵּן (perhaps it would be more correctly בֶּן־) seems to be put in the construct state, and פֹּרָת to be i.q. פֹּרִיָּה Isaiah 17:6, “fruitbearing,” sc. tree. But others take it otherwise; see פֹּרָת.
(11) [Ben], pr.n. m., 1 Chronicles 15:18. Other compound proper names are
(a) בֶּן־אוֹנִי (“son of my sorrow”), [Ben-oni], pr.n. given to Benjamin by his mother, Genesis 35:18.
(b) בֶּן־הֲדַד (“son,” i.e. “worshipper of Hadad,” or Adodus, the greatest deity of the Syrians; compare Macrob. Saturnal. i. 23, and pr.n. הֲדַדְעֶזֶר), [Ben-hadad], pr.n. of three kings of Damascene Syria; the first of whom made war with Baasha, king of the ten Tribes, 1 Kings 15:20, seq., and 2 Chronicles 16:2, seq. The second was cotemporary with Ahab; he twice besieged Samaria, and by various military achievements, he became more famous than his father, 1 Kings 20:1, seq.; 2 Kings 6:24, seq.; 8:7. The third, the son of Hazael, who lost most of the provinces acquired by his predecessors, 2Ki 13:1-25. “The palaces of Ben-hadad,” i.e. of Damascus, Jeremiah 49:27; Amos 1:4.
[בֶּן־זוֹחֵת Ben-zoheth, pr.n. m. 1 Chronicles 4:20.]
(c) בֶּן־חַיִל (“brave,” “warrior”), [Ben-hael], pr.n. m. 2 Chronicles 17:7.
(d) בֶּן־חָנָן (“son of one who is gracious”), [Ben-hanan], pr.n. m. 1 Chronicles 4:20.
(e) בִּן־יָמִין (“son of the right hand”, i.e. of prosperity, see below בִּנְיָמִין ), [Benjamin], pr.n. m.
(1) 1 Chronicles 7:10.
(2) Ezra 10:32; Nehemiah 3:23. Where Benjamin the patriarch is intended, this word is always (exc. 1 Samuel 9:1 כתיב) written together, see בִּנְיָמִין.
(f) בְּנֵי־בְרַק (“village of the sons of Berak,” or “of thunder”), [Bene-barak], pr.n. of a town of the tribe of Dan, Joshua 19:45.
(g) בְּנֵי יַעֲקָן see בֶּאֱרוֹת ב׳ י׳.
בֵּן Ch. id.; only in pl. בְּנִין, בְּנֵי (the place of the sing. is filled by בַּר); as, בְּנֵי גָלוּתָא those who go into exile, those who leave their country. Daniel 2:25. בְּנֵי תוֹרִין young doves, Ezra 6:9. (Syriac ܒܰܪ plur. ܒܢܺܚܢ id.)
the Week of Proper 15 / Ordinary 20 | <urn:uuid:3dd777b3-7585-42a5-b857-1f6ab2b55242> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://studylight.org/lexicons/eng/hebrew/1123.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.884978 | 5,733 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Involving in any kind of physical activity in today’s lifestyle is very essential. It might be of passion or to get selected in any of the tournaments. Such activities are defined as sports, and if you have the passion for golf, be sure to get your clubs and equipment from www.golf-clubs.com. From this, one can understand the necessity of sports and can show interest to some extent to participate in such activities.
Importance of sports
The evolution of the internet and its availability at affordable prices made today’s generation, both young and adults addicted to digital devices and restricted them by getting involved in physical activities. This creates a lot of health issues and at a certain stage, the consequences lead to severe loss.
It is important to educate the younger generation about the benefits of getting involve d in any physical activities right from their younger age. The flow of the blood will be regulated by such kind of activities and the person can stay fit for a long time
Sports benefits human in many ways such as
- It decreases the risk of diabetes
- It decreases the risk of heart disease
- It reduces the risk of colon cancer
- It reduces the risk of breast cancer
- It prevents early aging
- It enables to increase the life span of an individual
Apart from the health benefits, sports teach social behavior that could help the individual in developing the personality. It includes the interaction between the fellow players, the coach, and the referee who all involved in any sort of physical activity.
The hidden skills are brought and the team or the player will be encouraged t develop their confidence. The value of the team spirit will also be recognized while involving in physical activities that could be useful for them in their later stage of life.
The memory power of the children will be increased when they play their favorite game because of the focus that they tend to use and this will increase their academic progress too. They can make new friends and get to know each other when they come out of their window.
Excellence in sports
A coach or a trainer is needed to train the player or the team to play the games efficiently. They will assist them in all the ways and also explain to them the secrets of winning a game or a tournament.
They will guide them about maintaining their physical fitness by prescribing the right type of diet. Along with the diet, advice regarding the importance of sleep and exercise timings will also be assisted by them.
The coach or the trainer will monitor their health and note their progress in their physical fitness. This will make the player get excellence in their selected game or sports and able to perform well.
Discipline will be maintained by the person who involves in sports activity and this is the quality that leads the human to achieve success in their lives. A well-behaved person is capable to lead the team and make their team a winning team. | <urn:uuid:c210eeac-e1ec-4f31-a0d5-248a8e252eda> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.solutionsforwood.com/how-do-sports-help-in-personality-development/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.967237 | 594 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Fun Facts (at least fun theories) about our cosmos:
• The Universe spans a diameter of over 150 billion light years.
• There Are at Least 10 Billion Trillion Stars in the Universe
• Our Galaxy Is on a Collision Course with the Andromeda Galaxy
• The Earth is not flat – but the Universe is not. Based on Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity, there are three possible shapes that the Universe may take: open, closed, and flat. Once again, measurements by WMAP on the CMBR have revealed a monumental confirmation – the Universe is flat.
• There is no such thing as the Universe’s center. Every galaxy is expanding away from one another.
• Even When You’re Standing Still, You’re Still Moving. A human body, or any object on the Earth, is never at rest. Even when you’re asleep in bed, you’re moving pretty fast. Our Milky Way Galaxy is rotating at 225 kilometers per second, and hurling through the cosmos at an estimated 305 kilometers per second.
Add those figures together, and we’re racing through space at around 530 kilometers, or 330 miles per second. So in one minute’s time, you’ve traveled almost 20,000 kilometers, or more than 12,000 miles. And your friends always complain that you never go anywhere.
• There May Be More Universes: The idea that we live in a multiverse, in which our universe is one of many, comes from a theory called eternal inflation, which suggests that shortly after the Big Bang, space-time expanded at different rates in different places.
According to the theory, this gave rise to bubble universes that could function with their own separate laws of physics.
• At the center of the Milky Way Galaxy, there is a black hole millions of times the mass of the most massive object in the solar system, the Sun.
|You Are Here. Now you Know.|
Cosmology Trivia: Our Earth travels around the sun at a speed of about 18.5 miles a second and is held in orbit by our sun’s gravitational effect on it. If the sun ceased to exist at this very moment, along with its gravitational grip on our planet, how long would it take Earth to zing straight off into space?
Answer in tomorrow’s post D is for Dreams | <urn:uuid:cb874b0d-c8ae-489c-aa01-b4ca9572cad2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://authorstephentremp.blogspot.com/2014/04/c-is-for-cosmology.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.90786 | 497 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Once you do a website, and are happy with it, you want that people actually visit your site. There starts the challenge of bringing traffic to your website. Many people think that by simply doing a website sales will boost, everybody on the internet will come to their website, and loads more. Well, that’s not the real life situation. Once you do a website, without any promotion potential visitors will not even know that it exists.
So the first thing that you would want is the search engines to index your website. Focus on three – Google, Yahoo and MSN. The others will index alone as your website grows and starts to get incoming links.
However, even before submitting your site to any directory and search engine, there are some things that need to be done.
- The most important thing for a successful website is content. Quality content, related to the subject of your website, and lots of it. Focus on providing your visitors with valuable information. Forget any fancy graphics, as websites trends are going, the era of nice, bulky graphics is slowly diminishing in favour of plain, easy to navigate, websites, which provide the information needed fast. Also, remember that search engine crawlers cannot read what is written on graphics – what they want is text.
- Generate a list of keywords and key phrases related to your website (a good tool is located at http://freekeywords.wordtracker.com/ and another at http://freekeywords.wordtracker.com/. Do searches for those keywords, and see what websites rank in the first 10 places. Those are your competitors. Analyze those websites, and see why they rank good. (a good tool to do this is at www.zippy.co.uk)You have to do better to get your website to rank on top of them. A good place to check if your keywords are good is https://adwords.google.com/select/KeywordToolExternal. This is a free tool by Google, which allows you to see if people actually search for your keywords, and also suggest other possible keywords that you can use.
- With your list of keywords in hand, go to the most popular search engines (Google, MSN and Yahoo), and do a search for them. See what websites are in the top 10 positions for each keyword in each search engine. Analyze them, and see why they rank this good. To check how many back-links each website has, select ‘advanced search’ available on every search engines and you will find an option to see how many back-links a website has. A good free tool to help you with this is Webceo, available from www.webceo.com. This company offers a free version that offers some very interesting features available in commercial versions.
So for now you have your list of keywords that you want your website to rank good for, and a list of competitors websites.
Next come the website optimization. You need to include your keywords as often as possible in your website, however, do not exaggerate. Keep in mind that you must first optimize your website for normal people, not search engines. However, try include some of your keywords in the page <title> tag, and meta description and keywords. H1 to H6 tags are to be used as often as possible, and when you have a chance do include some of your keywords inside these tags as well. Last but not least, you need to include your keywords in the website content. The easy way is to add content relevant to your keywords/website topic. This will provide you with natural content, that includes your keywords, and should be interesting for your website visitors. I do suggest the use of free tools to help you in this task. Webceo, the same tool I mentioned above, will automate most of this work for you and provide you with the analysis results. Commercial tools such as Addweb also help in this task, and are normally worth the small initial investment.
Yahoo and MSN consider website updates as very important, so, take care to update your website regularly and add fresh content at least one time a week (ideally daily). Using a blog or a forum will help you in offering updated content.
Google also gives importance to | <urn:uuid:3438b5c2-7e62-4775-a03a-1b93219cb6e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.angmalta.net/2017/12/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949464 | 880 | 1.5 | 2 |
Just days after Prince Edward Island pledged to make the province’s entire school bus fleet all-electric, a network of parents has launched to convince other provincial governments to follow suit.
The new organization, For Our Kids, is starting in British Columbia where the provincial government is actively looking to accelerate climate action to meet its targets.
The call for electric school buses was supported by Dr. Melissa Lem, a mother and board member of the Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment.
“Reducing our kids’ exposure to harmful diesel fumes is good for their lungs and the planet,” said Dr. Lem. “Children are among the most vulnerable members of society health-wise, so we should be prioritizing solutions like electric school buses.”
Paul Shore, a father of two in Whister B.C. says he got involved with For Our Kids because his family had switched to an electric car and even an electric snow blower but every school day he had to watch as the local kids were breathing diesel fumes to get to school and back.
“B.C. says it wants to be a leader on climate change so what’s the hold up? Electric buses are readily available and being adopted all over North America, from Virginia to California to Montreal."
Shore is planning a presentation to his local school board and is already in touch with parents in other regions. “Every new fossil fuelled school bus we buy from this point forward locks our children into many more years of climate pollution and negative health impacts.”
B.C's Ministry of Education issued a news release following the launch of the For Our Kids campaign. The ministry announced that, "school districts will now have the option to purchase electric school buses through the Bus Acquisition Program."
The statement specified that, "The 2020-21 Bus Acquisition Program provides $13 million for 31 school districts to buy 101 new buses, including up to 15 electric buses. Districts that buy electric buses will also have access to provincial funding for charging station infrastructure."
Galen Armstrong, a For Our Kids spokesperson responded that, "15 electric buses out of 101 new ones is a great start, but it also means buying 86 diesel buses that lock us into years more pollution for our kids and the climate they'll inherit,"
“This is why we’ll keep involving parents around BC in the campaign to make all new school buses electric and to transition the existing fleet by 2030 to help BC meet its climate targets,” Armstrong said.
Buses charge up
Electric cars get most of the attention but there are large climate and health gains being made by electrifying buses. And there are several Canadian companies in the space including Quebec’s Lion Electric, North America's largest supplier of electric school buses. Other Canadian companies include Quebec's Nova Bus, Winnipeg’s New Flyer, and B.C. based GreenPower.
The world leader in electric bus adoption is in China where the city of Shenzhen has switched its entire transit fleet and now has over 16,000 (not a typo) e-buses in operation. Bloomberg estimates that, thanks mostly to China, by the end of 2019 electric buses were displacing a cumulative 270,000 barrels of diesel demand per day, "more than three times the displacement by all the world’s passenger electric vehicles."
Several Canadian cities have tested electric buses in winter conditions and are moving forward. Following successful trials, Montreal bought 42 e-buses and has mandated 100 per cent zero emission transit by 2040. Edmonton has bought 25 and the Toronto Transit Commission will purchase only zero emission buses after 2025.
For Our Kids
Galen Armstrong, the For Our Kids organizer, says electrifying the school bus fleet in British Columbia is the new organization’s first project. “I’m a new dad and want my kids’ ride to be clean and green by the time they go to school. We’re calling on moms and dads around B.C. to use their voice to contact Minister Fleming to ask him to make B.C. a leader in electric school buses.” | <urn:uuid:65601cfb-699f-4edd-b98d-04ab7aa6708e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nationalobserver.com/2020/03/09/news/next-stop-parents-rally-electric-school-buses | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.969249 | 849 | 2.375 | 2 |
The Nasdaq 100 is an index of the hundred largest non-financial stocks listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange. The companies included in this index are often technology or biotechnology firms. The Nasdaq 100 is a useful tool for investors who wish to trade technology stocks because it provides a good overview of how all tech sector stocks are performing at any given time.
In this article, we will deep dive into the most widely watched stock index in the world: the NASDAQ 100. Widely seen as the leading benchmark for the largest U.S. non-financial companies, there are multiple ways you can start index trading today to gain exposure to the NASDAQ 100. Before we discuss how to trade indices like the NASDAQ 100, let us have a look at what this index represents and the largest companies included in it.
The NASDAQ is a U.S. stock exchange based in New York City and is the second largest stock exchange in the United States measured by market capitalisation - only behind the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). The exchange is operated by the company NASDAQ Inc. and was founded in February 1971 as the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations.
A company wanting to be listed on the NASDAQ must be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), have at least three market makers and meet the minimum requirements set by the exchange.
The NASDAQ 100 is an index that consists of the 100 largest non-financial companies listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange. The weight each stock has in the index is determined by its market capitalisation, meaning the higher the market cap of a particular component, the higher its influence on the index.
While the index doesn't only consist of technology companies, investors often used it to gauge the performance of the United States' biggest tech companies, since they make up a significant part of it.
The NASDAQ 100 actually consists of 102 shares. The reason for this is that some companies have two share classes - for example, Alphabet has Class A and Class C shares in the index.
The index is calculated by the market capitalisation of its constituents. The value of the index is calculated by multiplying each security’s last sale price with the aggregate value of the index share weights of each of the index securities, then dividing by an index divisor. However, no company can have more than a 24% weighting in the index.
Tip: An index divisor is a number used to compute the nominal value of a price-weighted stock market index.
The NASDAQ trading hours are as follows:
Pre-market trading hours run from 4:00 AM to 9:30 AM (ET) and after-hours trading occurs between 4:00 pm and 8:00 pm.
In the graph below we can see the NASDAQ 100 is heavily dominated by the technology sector, which makes up almost 60% of the index. Buying the index is therefore often seen as a bet on the U.S. technology sector.
The NASDAQ 100 all-time high currently stands at 16,674 points. The 52-week low is 11,878 points.
The index has seen a remarkable performance in the past decade, as seen in the chart below.
Contract for Difference (CFDs) is one of the ways you can trade the NASDAQ 100 cost-effectively and efficiently. Generally, brokers offer a CFD based on the cash index (USTECH) and a CFD based on the underlying futures contract (NAS100.fs).
When you trade the index using CFDs, you can speculate on the direction of the underlying instrument (the NASDAQ 100) without owning it or any of its constituents. You can make use of leverage and you will have the ability to go both long and short.
This can prove especially useful during a downturn. Most investors want to avoid a reshuffling of their portfolio as the costs can quickly add up and it is incredibly difficult to time the market correctly. Therefore, instead of selling a large part of your portfolio when you anticipate a correction, you could use CFDs to speculate on falling prices.
Whether the cash CFD (USTECH) or futures CFD (NAS100.fs) will be more suitable for you will primarily depend on your trading style. If you hold positions for a short period of time, you might prefer the USTECH as it has low spreads. On the other hand, if you are a long-term trader you might prefer the NAS100.fs as there are no swap charges.
Aside from trading the index itself, Axi also offers commission-free share CFDs. You can trade key constituents of the NASDAQ 100 such as Apple, Alphabet, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft cost-effectively.
Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) are the most popular way to invest in the NASDAQ 100 index. It is more cost-effective than buying individual shares and the rebalancing is done frequently.
As the NASDAQ 100 is a popular product, there are a variety of ETFs available. Aside from the classic ETFs that track the index (such as the QQQ managed by Invesco), there are also leveraged ETFs and ETFs that allow you to bet against the index (i.e. short the NASDAQ 100). Some of the most popular NASDAQ 100 ETFs are: Invesco QQQ, ProShares UltraPro QQQ and ProShares Ultra QQQ.
|Trading the NASDAQ 100||Investing in the NASDAQ 100|
|Ways to trade||Cash CFD, Futures CFD||ETFs, Investment Funds|
|Market hours||18:00 Sunday to 16:59 Friday (ET) with trading breaks between 16:15 to 16:30 and 16:59 to 18:00||9:30 AM to 4 PM (ET)|
|Initial capital required||0.5%||100%|
|Losses can exceed deposits||Yes||No|
Read more → 17 Best technical indicators used in trading
The NASDAQ 100 is influenced by a variety of factors that also move the broader stock market. This can vary from economic data, interest rates, monetary policy decisions to geopolitical events and natural disasters.
However, with the NASDAQ 100 being tech-heavy and consisting almost entirely of US-based companies, there are certain factors that affect the NASDAQ 100 more than other indices such as the US2000 or Dow Jones 30.
Earnings reports or company news from one of the heavyweights such as Apple or Amazon can have a significant influence on the overall index.
Furthermore, investors should pay close attention to the overall risk sentiment in the stock market. Tech stocks are likely to suffer the most during periods of "risk-off" as investors will move out of risky stocks and seek safe havens.
In a recent study from NASDAQ, the NASDAQ 100 outperformed the S&P 500 over the 13 years the study was held, maintaining cumulative total returns of approximately 2.5 times that of the S&P500 TR Index.
The NASDAQ 100 has outperformed the S&P 500 over the past decade. However, this was accompanied by higher volatility, as visible in the chart above. It is also worth noting that the S&P 500 offers greater diversification. Not just due to the fact that it consists of 500 instead of 100 companies, but also because the index is not heavily dominated by one single sector as is the case with the NASDAQ 100.
Despite that, the NASDAQ 100 remains a great tool for tracking the performance of the largest U.S. technology companies. Some investors may also prefer buying the index instead of investing in the individual components. NASDAQ has rules in place that prevent one company from gaining too much weight in the index, which is useful.
NASDAQ has several eligibility criteria that companies need to meet to be part of the NASDAQ 100 index:
NASDAQ picks the constituents for the index once per year, in December. The index is rebalanced on a quarterly basis - i.e. in March, June, September, and December.
The top 10 companies in the NASDAQ 100 index are:
Together, those 10 heavyweights make up more than half of the entire index. While some investors don't mind the fact that the index is heavily dominated by only 10 companies, others might prefer indices that are more balanced.
|AAPL||Apple Inc. Common Stock|
|ADBE||Adobe Inc. Common Stock|
|ADI||Analog Devices, Inc. Common Stock|
|ADP||Automatic Data Processing, Inc. Common Stock|
|ADSK||Autodesk, Inc. Common Stock|
|AEP||American Electric Power Company, Inc. Common Stock|
|ALGN||Align Technology, Inc. Common Stock|
|AMAT||Applied Materials, Inc. Common Stock|
|AMD||Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Common Stock|
|AMGN||Amgen Inc. Common Stock|
|AMZN||Amazon.com, Inc. Common Stock|
|ANSS||ANSYS, Inc. Common Stock|
|ASML||ASML Holding N.V. New York Registry Shares|
|ATVI||Activision Blizzard, Inc. Common Stock|
|AVGO||Broadcom Inc. Common Stock|
|BIDU||Baidu, Inc. ADS|
|BIIB||Biogen Inc. Common Stock|
|BKNG||Booking Holdings Inc. Common Stock|
|CDNS||Cadence Design Systems, Inc. Common Stock|
|CDW||CDW Corporation Common Stock|
|CERN||Cerner Corporation Common Stock|
|CHKP||Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. Ordinary Shares|
|CHTR||Charter Communications, Inc. Class A Common Stock New|
|CMCSA||Comcast Corporation Class A Common Stock|
|COST||Costco Wholesale Corporation Common Stock|
|CPRT||Copart, Inc. (DE) Common Stock|
|CRWD||CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. Class A Common Stock|
|CSCO||Cisco Systems, Inc. Common Stock (DE)|
|CSX||CSX Corporation Common Stock|
|CTAS||Cintas Corporation Common Stock|
|CTSH||Cognizant Technology Solutions Corporation Class A Common Stock|
|DLTR||Dollar Tree Inc. Common Stock|
|DOCU||DocuSign, Inc. Common Stock|
|DXCM||DexCom, Inc. Common Stock|
|EA||Electronic Arts Inc. Common Stock|
|EBAY||eBay Inc. Common Stock|
|EXC||Exelon Corporation Common Stock|
|FAST||Fastenal Company Common Stock|
|FB||Meta Platforms, Inc. Class A Common Stock|
|FISV||Fiserv, Inc. Common Stock|
|FOX||Fox Corporation Class B Common Stock|
|FOXA||Fox Corporation Class A Common Stock|
|GILD||Gilead Sciences, Inc. Common Stock|
|GOOG||Alphabet Inc. Class C Capital Stock|
|GOOGL||Alphabet Inc. Class A Common Stock|
|HON||Honeywell International Inc. Common Stock|
|IDXX||IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. Common Stock|
|ILMN||Illumina, Inc. Common Stock|
|INCY||Incyte Corp. Common Stock|
|INTC||Intel Corporation Common Stock|
|INTU||Intuit Inc. Common Stock|
|ISRG||Intuitive Surgical, Inc. Common Stock|
|JD||JD.com, Inc. American Depositary Shares|
|KDP||Keurig Dr Pepper Inc. Common Stock|
|KHC||The Kraft Heinz Company Common Stock|
|KLAC||KLA Corporation Common Stock|
|LRCX||Lam Research Corporation Common Stock|
|LULU||lululemon athletica inc. Common Stock|
|MAR||Marriott International Class A Common Stock|
|MCHP||Microchip Technology Incorporated Common Stock|
|MDLZ||Mondelez International, Inc. Class A Common Stock|
|MELI||MercadoLibre, Inc. Common Stock|
|MNST||Monster Beverage Corporation|
|MRNA||Moderna, Inc. Common Stock|
|MRVL||Marvell Technology, Inc. Common Stock|
|MSFT||Microsoft Corporation Common Stock|
|MTCH||Match Group, Inc. Common Stock|
|MU||Micron Technology, Inc. Common Stock|
|NFLX||Netflix, Inc. Common Stock|
|NTES||NetEase, Inc. American Depositary Shares|
|NVDA||NVIDIA Corporation Common Stock|
|NXPI||NXP Semiconductors N.V. Common Stock|
|OKTA||Okta, Inc. Class A Common Stock|
|ORLY||O'Reilly Automotive, Inc. Common Stock|
|PAYX||Paychex, Inc. Common Stock|
|PCAR||PACCAR Inc. Common Stock|
|PDD||Pinduoduo Inc. American Depositary Shares|
|PEP||PepsiCo, Inc. Common Stock|
|PTON||Peloton Interactive, Inc. Class A Common Stock|
|PYPL||PayPal Holdings, Inc. Common Stock|
|QCOM||QUALCOMM Incorporated Common Stock|
|REGN||Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Common Stock|
|ROST||Ross Stores, Inc. Common Stock|
|SBUX||Starbucks Corporation Common Stock|
|SGEN||Seagen Inc. Common Stock|
|SIRI||Sirius XM Holdings Inc. Common Stock|
|SNPS||Synopsys, Inc. Common Stock|
|SPLK||Splunk Inc. Common Stock|
|SWKS||Skyworks Solutions, Inc. Common Stock|
|TCOM||Trip.com Group Limited American Depositary Shares|
|TEAM||Atlassian Corporation Plc Class A Ordinary Shares|
|TMUS||T-Mobile US, Inc. Common Stock|
|TSLA||Tesla, Inc. Common Stock|
|TXN||Texas Instruments Incorporated Common Stock|
|VRSK||Verisk Analytics, Inc. Common Stock|
|VRSN||VeriSign, Inc. Common Stock|
|VRTX||Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Common Stock|
|WBA||Walgreens Boots Alliance, Inc. Common Stock|
|WDAY||Workday, Inc. Class A Common Stock|
|XEL||Xcel Energy Inc. Common Stock|
|XLNX||Xilinx, Inc. Common Stock|
|ZM||Zoom Video Communications, Inc. Class A Common Stock|
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The information is not to be construed as a recommendation; or an offer to buy or sell; or the solicitation of an offer to buy or sell any security, financial product, or instrument; or to participate in any trading strategy. Readers should seek their own advice. Reproduction or redistribution of this information is not permitted.
An IB traditionally refers new traders to their preferred broker for a commission. Read more about how introducing brokers operate for Axi in this guide. | <urn:uuid:164b5aaa-e3e8-4fa1-bd04-a55d9f9500f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.axi.com/int/blog/education/what-is-the-nasdaq-100 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.891702 | 3,299 | 2 | 2 |
Plans for a new African counter-terrorism force to support vulnerable U.N. peacekeepers in Mali, where militant Islamist groups are stepping up their activities, should be finalised by July, the African Union’s special envoy to Mali said.
The government in Bamako and officials of the U.N. MINUSMA force in Mali have sought more help in combating al Qaeda-linked insurgents, who have become more active despite efforts by French, Malian and U.N. troops to quash them.
As the threat emerged in Mali from several Islamist groups, neighbouring West African states agreed in late 2014 to form a mission along the lines of a special U.N. brigade sent to eastern Congo in 2013.
Diplomats say a bid by the regional states – which include Mali, Burkina Faso, Chad, and Ivory Coast – to launch the force has been hampered by difficulties in harmonising it with other security initiatives and regional rivalries for influence.
“My judgment is maybe in three months, we should have a clear idea of what will be done and how it will be done,” Pierre Buyoya, the special representative to Mali, told Reuters in the Ethiopian city of Bahir Dar during a conference on security.
“This terrorist threat is threatening not only Mali, but also the whole region. Northern Mali has become a base to attack Burkina Faso, to attack Ivory Coast, and maybe tomorrow other countries,” he said in an interview.
French forces drove jihadists out of Mali’s northern cities in 2013 but they have since regrouped, launching attacks such as one on a Bamako luxury hotel in November in which 20 people were killed.
In March, further south, fighters from al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb – the group’s North African branch – shot swimmers and sunbathers before storming hotels in the Ivory Coast town of Grand Bassam, killing 19 people.
Critics say the 10,000-strong U.N. force’s ability to bring peace to Mali is hamstrung by its lack of an aggressive counter-terrorism mandate, so it cannot hunt militants to pre-empt attack.
Buyoya said models such as those of the AU’s AMISOM force in Somalia that is battling al Shabaab Islamists or the multi-national force tackling Boko Haram militants in Nigeria and neighbours were also being considered for the new mission.
The resurgence of Islamist groups such as the Massina Liberation Front (MLF) and al Qaeda-linked Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (MUJWA) have also threatened to derail a Mali peace agreement signed by the government with Tuareg-led rebels last year, officials say.
Buyoya said a preliminary study on the new force had been drawn up by regional defence ministers and chiefs of staff.
“The big challenge now is commitment of partners for funding, because clearly the African Union does not have the means to fund this force,” he said, without suggesting who would finance the new force. | <urn:uuid:b5a48e6c-2d92-4ae3-b0f4-392f5d90eb25> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.defenceweb.co.za/joint/diplomacy-a-peace/au-may-finalise-mali-counter-terror-force-details-by-july/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963538 | 630 | 1.5 | 2 |
Factors involved in setting up company structure
There are different factors involved in setting up company structure and it depends on the type of business, circumstances of the shareholders and their aims for the business.
- if you may sell the company and re-invest the profits a holding company may be useful
- otherwise, the co-founders can be the shareholders
- for contractors and family owned businesses, husband/wife can be shareholders to maximise dividends
- ambitious startups looking to grow should setup a share cap table
- leave an option pool for key staff
- eg 2 co-founders setup a company owning 45% each and leave 10% option pool
Clients often have more than 1 business. The simple and efficient solution is to have 1 company and run the different businesses as divisions of this company.
For tax purposes, the different trades need to have separate profit and loss calculations. This is because losses from a trade can be set against the profits from another trade in the same year. But if losses are carried forward against future profits they can only be used against profits from the same trade.
If you’ll be expecting to sell a business/trade, it can be hived out into a separate company before sale. If its held for at least 1 year before sale, then there is no tax due to Substantial Shareholding Exemption.
Sometimes its better to start off with a group structure, so 1 holding company and 3 subsidiaries for the different businesses/trades, although this can also be achieved later on.
Profits after tax can be given to shareholders, and this is normally the most tax efficient way to extract profits.
Dividends have to be paid according to shareholding. So if a husband and wife hold 50% each, they have to receive equal dividends. Sometimes, it may make sense for 1 spouse to hold 100% shares and shares can be transferred between spouses without tax at any time (with the right paperwork) to maximise differences in tax rates and allowances.
If you’ll be receiving investment, the investors will also be able to receive dividends. So if you have a separate side business operating out of the same company, it will normally be better to hive this out before receiving investment.
If you need more help on setting up company structure then please contact us for a free consultation. | <urn:uuid:8f80c2f5-9f51-41ac-a1b9-a8bd990d9a78> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mah.uk.com/company-structure/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.951931 | 495 | 1.703125 | 2 |
If you go down in the woods today, you’d better not go alone,
It’s lovely down in the woods today, but safer to stay at home,
For every bear that ever there was,
Will gather there for certain because,
Today’s the day the teddy bears have their picnic
Teddy Bear’s Picnic, Henry Hall & His Orchestra
Excessive harvest continues to be the most immediate threat to the persistence of Hokkaido brown bears.
Status and management of the Hokkaido brown bear in Japan, Tsutomu Mano and Joseph Moll, in Brown Bear Conservation Action Plan for Asia
“What does the sign say?” asked the illiterate Dr. T.
One of the pleasures of botanizing with Dr. T is that when two roads diverge, we take the one less traveled, which on this occasion led us, in the rental Prius with me at the helm, at the proper and stately botanizing speed of fifteen kays, up a winding, hill-chiseled, single-track logging road, Route 607, on the Oshima Peninsula at the very southernmost tip of Hokkaido. We hadn’t encountered another human being for at least an hour, no small feat in this crowded land.
“It says, ‘Beware of the bears.’”
“Are there any bears here?”
“Nah,” I replied with the faith of the ignorant, the city-slicker guide masquerading as Mowgli, “We’re too far south. They’re all up in the far northeast.”
Ten minutes later, we rounded a corner. There was a bear in the middle of the road.
“Holy fucking crap! It’s a bear!”
Legion are the species of flora and fauna that are devilishly tough to identify in the field on first glance. Bears are not among them. This was Ursus arctos (so good they named it twice), the Brown Bear, aka the grizzly bear, or in its northeast Asian subspecies incarnation, Ursus arctos lasiotus, the Ussuri brown bear—in Japanese, the higuma.
Memories of what happened next differ. I’m told that I moved with uncharacteristic physical swiftness to close the driver’s side window of the Prius. My recollection is that I coolly asked, with the curiosity of the natural scientist, whether it was an adult.
“Of course it is!” exclaimed Dr. T, scrambling around on the back seat for his Nikon. He had about thirty fumbling seconds before the bear, rightly more wary of us than we were of it (how much I would love to know if “it” were a boar or a sow), lumbered up the hillside and into the beeches and maples, which is why even the best photo looks as if it were taken with a Box Brownie by a leprous dipsomaniac with delirium tremens. No Wildlife Photographer of the Year award for Dr. T, then.
I’d naïvely asked whether it was an adult because, not well versed in matters ursine and reared on wildlife documentaries about the salmon-fat Kodiak bears of Alaska and Hokkaido brown bears of the Shiretoko Peninsula, our bear seemed, well, a tad diminutive. Later, Dr. T, quizzed on how big it had been, replied with typical drunken eloquence, “As big as a really fucking big Alsatian!” On reviewing his photo, that seems about right.
Not that—in this case—size mattered: for both of us, it was our first encounter with a bear in the wild, a moment made so much the more magical for being wholly unexpected and unscripted. Globe-gallivanting Dr. T, one of whose friends is an authority on the Spectacled Bear of the Andes, holds out hope of one day tracking down the inspiration for Paddington Bear in deepest, darkest Peru, but for sedentary city-bound me, this was almost certainly the only bear with whom I will ever cross paths.
The following evening, we watch an item on the evening news: an Asian Black Bear, categorized on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as vulnerable to extinction, has been driven down into residential districts in the central Japan city of Nagano by a poor season for seeds, nuts, and berries, the dearth of which has been so exasperating Dr. T.
“These narratives,” I warn Dr. T, “invariably end in the death of the bear.”
Twenty seconds later, the bear is dead, shot by a local hunter.
“Isn’t there anyone to speak up on behalf of the bear?”
“Well,” I reply, gesturing at the screen, “This guy’s from WWF Japan, but he’s just explaining how there are likely to be more bear incursions this autumn, so your answer is no.”
The Brown Bear is one of only two of the eight species of bear listed by the IUCN as Least Concern—five are listed as Vulnerable and one, the Giant Panda, is listed as Endangered—and while it is safe for now in its strongholds of Russia, Alaska, and Canada, it is long gone from many parts (Mexico, California, the Atlas Mountains, South Korea, the UK, and Germany) of its immense historical range and under intense pressure in many other parts (India, China, Mongolia, North Korea, and most of Europe) of the rest. The Japanese population may be the fifth largest in the world, after that of Romania. But how large is it? I thought, from previous dabbles in ursid research, that I knew the answer—around 2,000-3,000 individuals—but the truth turns out to be more elusive, as this October 6, 2012, article from the online Nikkei newspaper, which I translate in its disturbing entirety, suggests:
How many brown bears on Hokkaido? First survey in 12 years
Survey to be used in trouble countermeasures
How many brown bears are there on Hokkaido? The first population survey in 12 years is to be conducted on Hokkaido, where bear intrusions into forest villages and residential districts are frequent. The previous census, in 2000, estimated the population at 1,771-3,628, but current opinion is divided, with some claiming there are over 10,000 and others that they have been over-harvested. Hokkaido wants to get a precise grasp of the population and use the data in measures to prevent trouble. Between April and September this year, there were 963 sightings and 416 bears were harvested. Reports were made of more than 100 sightings in Sapporo City alone. In the year to March 2012, 825 bears were harvested and researchers are saying that bears are being over-culled in comparison with the estimated population count. How many bears are there really out there? We need a more precise grasp of the number. In September, the prefectural government mailed a questionnaire to some 5,800 hunters within the prefecture asking them to estimate the number of bears in their municipality and whether the number was rising or falling. The results of the survey are to be put together before next March. Discussions have also begun about bringing in the “hair-trap method”, whereby bear fur is collected and DNA analyzed to distinguish individuals, so as to enhance the precision of the survey. The Hokkaido Research Organization’s Environmental Science Research Center is pursuing research into how to cut costs. The generally accepted theory is that up to 10% of a bear population can be harvested annually without impacting the ecosystem. A survey on the Oshima Peninsula in the south of the prefecture using the hair-trap method put the bear population at 800, plus or minus 400. Plans are being drawn up to protect the bears there by putting an upper limit on the harvest at 120 individuals (40 sows).
So noone has a damned clue what is going on and the bear census is to be done shoddily and on the cheap. Assuming the Nikkei numbers are accurate, even at the upper population limit of the 2000 census the recent Hokkaido-wide cull rate (“harvest” is a noxious euphemism widely used around the world) is over 20% a year; at the lower limit it is close to 50%. On the Oshima Peninsula, the cull averaged about 80 bears a year between 1990 and 2008, the vast majority in controlled kills of “nuisance bears” (some, using the Ainu language, talk of kimun kamuy, “good bears” and uen kamuy, “bad bears”) rather than in recreational hunting, and a cull cap at 120 would have only saved bear lives one year in the last two decades. If the peninsula’s bear population is only 400, the low end of the survey estimate, the cull-rate cap would be 30% a year and the average cull rate 20% a year.
This goes some of the way to explaining why the odds were strongly stacked that our bear would seem, well, a tad diminutive: brown bears reach reproductive age at around five to seven years and live, unmolested, for 20-30 years, but at a cull rate of even 10% a year, Hokkaido brown bears have only a roughly even chance of making it to adulthood, even setting aside normal mortality rates. To put this in human terms, a cull rate of 10% equates to a homicide rate of 10,000 per 100,000 people; the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime puts the 2011 homicide rate in Honduras, reckoned to be the most murderous country in the world, at 91.6 per 100,000, more than a hundred times lower.
What of the other side of the ledger of death? Between 1980 and 2009, a total of 14 people (five of them hunters) were killed by bears on Hokkaido—fewer than 0.5 fatalities a year—while in the last dozen years, no more than three people a year have been injured annually. On the raw, unadjusted-for-stupidity data (all 18 of the bear fatalities between 1970 and 2000 were male and a minority of victims are solitary nocturnal salmon poachers), you’re approximately 400 times more likely to be killed in a Hokkaido traffic accident (190 fatalities in 2011) and 7,000 times more likely to be injured in one (19,705 injuries in 2011). You’re also approximately 3,000 times more likely to die by your own sweet hand than at the paws of a bear (1,533 Hokkaido suicides in 2010). With people outnumbering bears by about a thousand to one (and I would guess “Beware of the bear” signs outnumbering flesh-and-blood bears by fifty to one), it’s a massively, massively lop-sided conflict between these two apex omnivores. There’s damage to crops and forests to be taken into account, too, but this could be overcome with a well designed compensation scheme—the damage amounts to a paltry million dollars or so a year.
The human population of the eight towns that make up the remote southern end of the Oshima peninsula, where the bears are densest, is collapsing—from 89,000 in 1970 to 47,000 in 2010 and a projected 27,000 in 2035—and across Hokkaido the hunter population is likewise collapsing, down by more than half since the 1978 peak to 9,400 of late, with 44% of them over 60, but it would be premature to declare victory for the bear on these grounds, as the Oshima bear population has been falling these past four decades, too. As long as bears are seen as a pestilent and lethal enemy to be subdued—a view kept alive by folk memories of episodes from the early settler era such as the Sankebetsu Brown Bear Incident—as long as there are people around, and as long as some have guns, the conflict will run and run.
We pressed on along Route 607, which turned into a deeply, rockily rutted track.
“You know, there are very few roads down which you can’t take a two-wheel drive car,” airily opined Dr. T, whose steed of choice is a Land Rover Defender, who believes all lesser mounts must be—or should be, in a righteous world—just as rugged, and who has previous global convictions as long as a brachiating gibbon’s arm for grievous rental car abuse—if rent-a-car agencies had an Interpol most wanted list, he would be on it.
Moments later, to a banshee wail of stone against steel, the Prius grounded out.
“Fuck this for a lark, I’m turning round.”
We headed up around the coast to the other end of Route 607, but could only get a few kilometers into the interior before being thwarted by a forbidding barrier declaring that the road ahead had been washed away.
Even Dr. T in his Land Rover couldn’t have maneuvered past this—although I bet he would have given it the old college try. Unlike other barrier-blocked roads we had run up against in our travels, this one offered no schedule for reopening. Beside the barrier stood a wooden house, its frail, skeletal rib-cage of a roof staved in as if by a giant, vengeful fist. It’s the same all over rural Hokkaido: the homesteads on the most marginal land, furthest from civilization, are as a rule the first to go. Perhaps, I later mused, just perhaps this is where bear salvation lies, in the withdrawal from the extremities of Homo sapiens sapiens (so good—and so immodest—we named ourselves twice) and the closure of logging roads rendered redundant by the demise of the timber trade.
Darwin’s dice have rolled badly for Earth. Thanks to the selfish genetic success of the human cockroach, the 21st century is destined by many a reckoning to see the extirpation of half of all of the creatures with whom we share the planet, in what may come to be known as the Anthropocene extinction, the greatest and swiftest extinction event since at least the end of the Cretaceous, 65 million years ago. Barring nuclear holocaust, utterly catastrophic climate change, or asteroid impact, the Brown Bear might make it through to the dawn of the 22nd century, along with the American Black Bear and, courtesy of the crudely nationalist and blinkered efforts of the Chinese state, the Giant Panda, already conservation dependent and ecologically extinct. It has to be touch and go for the other five bears. In the follies of my Greenpeace youth, I used to care passionately about these things, until I came to appreciate the enormity of humanity’s indifference.
As Brion Gysin said, man is a bad animal.
Select sources (in no particular order):
The World Wildlife Fund Japan hates bears (J only)
Hokkaido suicide rates (J)
Hokkaido road traffic death and accident rates (J)
Japan Bear Network report on bear-caused deaths and injuries in Japan (J, pdf)
Bear-caused deaths and injuries on Hokkaido, 1970-2000 (J)
Bear-caused injuries in Japan, 2007-2012 (J)
Bears culled in Japan, 2007-2012 (J)
Bears, forests, and bear culls in Japan, 1923-2006 (J, pdf)
Aging hunters on Hokkaido (J)
Interpreting the recent increase of brown bear conflicts in Hokkaido, Japan, from the 20th International Conference on Bear Research and Management, 2011 (E, pdf)
Status and management of the Hokkaido brown bear in Japan, in Brown Bear Conservation Action Plan for Asia (E, pdf)
Population Characteristics of Brown Bears on Oshima Peninsula, Hokkaido (E, ppt)
IUCN Red List data for the Brown Bear (E)
Bear Conservation and Biodiversity, Japan Bear Network (E, pdf)
The status of brown bears in Japan, in Understanding Asian bears to secure their future (E, pdf)
Modeling the brown bear population in Slovenia (E, pdf) | <urn:uuid:0024a028-0787-4748-a322-ba97c9afec3f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://spikejapan.wordpress.com/category/extremities/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95165 | 3,531 | 1.5625 | 2 |
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