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The World Health Organization defines health as “A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
Sadly, in our fast-paced culture, many of us settle for less-than-healthy or even truly sick conditions every day. We allow ourselves to be tired, achy, stressed and in pain more often than not. Why? Because it’s hard to prioritize our long-term health in a world of so many immediate needs competing for our attention. But long-term health is actually the most important need of all. Without our health, we won’t truly be able to enjoy life or contribute to a greater good.
Dr. Wright offers a few points on how to seek wellness and prevent oral health problems before they even start.
It’s easier to stop pollution from entering a stream in the first place than to try cleaning up the mess afterward. By starting upstream and taking your preventative health seriously, you will see immediate benefits and avoid potential problems down the road (or stream in this case).
This doesn’t have to be the case. As with most problems in life, you have a much better chance of fighting illness if you actually stop it before it starts. Most oral health prevention is so simple, you can start doing it today. Here’s some advice straight from the oral health professionals at Smithson Valley Family Dentistry:
Of course, there is no shame if you do develop an oral health condition – we are all human after all. America has amazing dental professionals and treatments for everything from chronic bad breath to jaw tension and tooth alignment.
Look for signs of soreness, discoloration, swelling, or an off sense of taste and smell to detect a problem, and seek help immediately to keep it from getting any worse.
We guarantee that by keeping your mouth healthy, your entire body and soul will be healthier too. How can we guarantee such a thing? It’s called the oral-systemic link. It’s the principle and growing research that proves how connected your oral health is to overall health.
Dr. Bradley Bale (respected physician and renowned dental authority) says, “Periodontal disease is a medical disease with a dental solution.”
Everything from heart health, to diabetes, to pancreatic and sleep issues, and inflammation can be linked to oral health. If you have any health concerns at all, it’s worth addressing them with your dentist.
A little bit of preventive care today can save you a whole lot of pain (and money) in the future. Invest in yourself today because you deserve to feel great from top to bottom and inside out!
Make an appointment at Smithson Valley Family Dentistry in Bulverde and Spring Branch today to prevent oral health problems before they start!
The content on this blog is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of qualified health providers with questions you may have regarding medical conditions. | <urn:uuid:5bfdffe0-ae42-49a0-bcf5-5d39756dfdb8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://svfamilydentistry.com/prevention-vs-treatment-of-oral-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.938011 | 631 | 2.5625 | 3 |
What you will leave with
Digital Marketing 3 Day Course
This course is aimed at anyone who wants to improve their digital skills and build holistic knowledge of how to get the most from digital marketing. It is suitable for newcomers to the topic or those with some practical experience who want to improve their skills.
Digital marketing in perspective
Understanding the target audience and their journey
The role of content
Search optimisation step-by-step
Social media in practice
Display and paid media
Email marketing best practice
Using analytics to optimise campaigns and prove ROI
Setting goals and getting the most from analytics
Digital strategy planning framework
Our trainers have extensive experience delivering real-world campaigns for many of the world's leading brands. This means you are not just attending a training course, but will get customised consultative insights and experience throughout the day, with suggested solutions to your individual challenges.
We pride ourselves on delivering training that is fully consultative and outputs plans that can be implemented in the real-world. All of our courses include workshop activities that generate content and plans to help you achieve your business objectives. | <urn:uuid:f0f07fb7-cc84-407e-84a9-89bbee0836ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://targetinternet.com/training_courses/digital-marketing-accelerator-in-company-training-course/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.921741 | 237 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Welcome to The Community Guide! Let us know what you think of the website by completing this quick survey.
More research is needed for the Task Force to determine if mass media without other components results in a more physically active population.
Two new, short videos show how communities have used Task Force findings to make residents safer and healthier.
Topics include alcohol, skin cancer, emergency preparedness, mental health, and motor vehicle injury prevention.
The Community Guide review on the Assessment of Health Risks with Feedback was recognized as one of the most cited articles published in the AJPM during 2010. Read a review summary and the publication.
Based on evidence from updated Community Guide reviews, the Task Force issued new findings on ways to increase breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening.
Newly published reviews and Task Force findings feature the effectiveness of this intervention in improving depression symptoms, adherence to treatment, response to treatment, and remission and recovery.
Evidence links privatization to increased consumption of alcoholic beverages, excessive drinking and related harms.
A gift from Jonathan and Karin Fielding supports public health education and research at soon-to-be named UCLA Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health.
See newly published Task Force findings on helping caregivers reduce their teen's health risk behaviors.
See newly published Task Force findings on abstinence education and comprehensive risk reduction for teens.
Topics include tobacco cessation and interventions to promote health equity.
The report describes Task Force background, methods, findings, evidence gaps, priorities, and how states and communities use its recommendations.
Congratulations to Community Preventive Services Task Force member Barbara K. Rimer on her appointment as Chairman of the President's Cancer Panel.
Holding alcohol retailers liable for injuries or damage done by their intoxicated customers can reduce motor vehicle deaths, homicides, injuries, and other alcohol-related problems.
The Task Force recommends use of home-based multi-trigger, multicomponent interventions for children and adolescents with asthma. | <urn:uuid:5ae7d6a7-dd6d-42bf-b1fe-b7161e788d71> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thecommunityguide.org/news-and-announcements?page=12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.909036 | 462 | 2.296875 | 2 |
I had some family vacation time last week and got to kayak in some southwest Florida island waters, weaving through thousands of Mangrove trees. It reminded me of a few things I had learned in the past. Here is how the trees “spoke” to me:
- My “roots” (private life – quiet time, solitude, surrender to God) are vital for my energy, impact and purpose in public life. Mangrove tree roots grow down from the branches, gradually expanding the tree’s base. This is how many coastal islands around the world were formed. It’s amazing to see this up close.
- My “branches” (public life – relationships, serving others, making a difference) are dependent on nourishment from my “roots.” I can’t spend all my time on the branches, or else I will grow weary or burned out. I also can’t focus all my time on the roots, or I am only growing inwardly, without touching lives outwardly. It is a delicate balance much like the life of the mangrove tree.
- My “progress” (growth in relationships, work, personal, health, etc.) takes place gradually over time. “Little by little” is one of my mottos. Life is more of a marathon than a sprint. There is a sense of urgency to do what I am called to do, but this is tempered with “active patience,” waiting, resting, trusting as I am doing. There is a greater sense of abiding (an open hands posture of receiving) than striving (a clenched fists, gritted teeth posture of achieving). Mangrove trees make progress over time.
How are you doing with your roots? How about with your branches, your progress? I would love to hear your thoughts and comments about ways you nurture these in your life, or how this has challenged you to grow in this. | <urn:uuid:6524b4b8-51cd-4ead-849b-8a24fe17d120> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.stantonlanier.com/lessons-from-mangrove-trees-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.968082 | 410 | 1.671875 | 2 |
What are the types of folk song?
Perhaps there is no consensus on how folk songs should be categorized among cultures, but below are some examples of different types of folk songs including: work songs, love songs, drinking songs, cradle songs, play songs, and songs of mourning, etcetera.
What are the 5 classification of Philippine folk songs?
There are five types of folk dances in the Philippines. Namely: Maria Clara Dance, Cordillera Dance, Muslim Dance, Rural Dance, and Tribal Dance.
What are the types of Philippine folk song?
The three main forms introduced to the Filipinos were the harana, the kundiman, and the rondalla. Most of these forms were developed as a result of the fusion between tribal music styles and traditional Spanish and Mexican music.
What are the different Filipino folk songs?
|101||Ang Gatas At Ang Itlog (The Milk and The Eggs)||1:22|
|201||Bahay Kubo (Nipa Hut)||1:09|
|202||Dandansoy (Lyrics in Visayan)||1:13|
|203||Ti Meysa Nga Ubing (The Love of a Young Girl – Lyrics in Llocano)||2:13|
|204||Aking Bituin (My Star)||2:32|
What is the classification of the dance ITIK ITIK?
Itik-itik is a mimetic folk dance in The Philippines. It originated in the province of Surigao in Mindanao. In Itik-itik (from the Tagalog word for “duck”), the dance steps imitate the movements of ducks among rice paddies and swamplands, such as wading, flying, and short, choppy steps.
What are the characteristics of Philippine folk songs?
characteristics of the Philippine Folk Songs
- Simple structure.
- Its melody (song or tune) is singable.
- It is sung in a relaxed and easy voice.
- It is either in duple or triple meter.
- It consists simple harmony (pleasing combination or arrangement of different things)
What are the example of Tagalog folk songs?
Although the list of folk songs in the Tagalog style is almost endless and continually expanding, here are some traditional favorites:
- Bayan Ko.
- Sa Libis Ng Nayon.
- Sa Ugoy Ng Duyan.
- Ang Pipit.
- O Ilaw.
- Magtanim Ay ‘Di Biro.
- Pakitong Kitong.
- Bahay Kubo.
What are the different categories of Philippine music?
In discussing Philippine music, three main divisions are apparent: (1) an old Asian influenced music referred to as the indigenous; (2) a religious and secular music influenced by Spanish and European forms; and (3) an American/European inspired classical, semi-classical, and popular music. | <urn:uuid:59d3b223-d05c-4b5e-acb7-d6a085db8c61> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jogjabromotour.com/tourists/what-are-some-of-the-types-of-philippine-folk-song.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.892129 | 630 | 3.109375 | 3 |
In the era of COVID-19, and the financial woes it has created, I often get asked, “Why is the stock market holding up so well when the economy appears to be struggling?”
To understand why the markets react — or don’t — to certain outside factors, it’s always good to keep in mind that the stock market is not the economy. I can’t stress this enough.
The stock market is considered a “lead economic indicator,” meaning it’s anticipating what economic conditions will look like 6-9 months into the future.1 While it can sometimes be a tricky concept to grasp, remember that the stock market’s price today reflects potential future economic activity.
Another “lead economic indicator” is building permits.2 When there is an increase in building permits, it lets us know that developers are bullish about future home sales prospects. If building permits are down, it tells investors that builders may be concerned about interest rates and consumer confidence.
Although helpful in general, lead indicators should never be seen as infallible. Abrupt and unexpected changes will prompt lead indicators to rapidly recalibrate their expectations for the future. Look no further than when COVID-19 grabbed the headlines in early March, which ended the stock market’s 11-year bull market.3,4
Keep in mind that in addition to lead indicators, there are lag indicators and coincident (real-time) indicators. We take all three types of indicators into account to help provide context for what can often seem counterintuitive behavior, especially in the face of intense global disruption.
Let me know if you’d like to chat about the economy or any other topics you’re pondering. I’m always here to help.
1. Investopedia.com, April 18, 2020
2. TheNatureOfMarkets.com, 2020
3. CNBC.com, April 6, 2020
4. USNews.com, March 11, 2020
Investing involves risks, and investment decisions should be based on your own goals, time horizon, and tolerance for risk. The return and principal value of investments will fluctuate as market conditions change. When sold, investments may be worth more or less than their original cost. Past performance does not guarantee future results.
The content is developed from sources believed to be providing accurate information. The information in this material is not intended as tax or legal advice. Please consult legal or tax professionals for specific information regarding your individual situation. This material was developed and produced by FMG Suite to provide information on a topic that may be of interest. FMG Suite, LLC, is not affiliated with the named representative, broker-dealer, state- or SEC-registered investment advisory firm. The opinions expressed and material provided are for general information and should not be considered a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security. | <urn:uuid:b81898c1-8ed2-4a57-ac27-81980b68c0ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bngwealth.com/blog/whats-driving-current-market-behavior | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.941177 | 601 | 2.015625 | 2 |
There’s nothing quite like experiencing role reversal as you mature and your parent’s age. In the past, you were the one calling them for advice about your finances, dating, or career, but now they’re the ones navigating a new world looking to you for support and guidance.
Even if your folks are still active and do not require a lot of help, it’s a good idea to communicate about important topics that affect them and play into their future. This way, if the day comes when they do need more assistance, they’ll be well-protected in a number of ways.
For tips on how to help protect your aging parents, please consider the following suggestions.
Ensure They Have Proper Insurance in Place
One of the best ways you can help your older parents is to make sure they have all of the proper types of insurance in place. For instance, they may have already applied for Medicare and feel good about their coverage, but their homeowners or vehicle policies might be out of date.
With their permission, sit down with them and go over their insurance premiums to be sure they are not paying too much for their coverage. For instance, if your folks are no longer working and are hardly driving at all, they may be able to switch to a less expensive car insurance policy.
If one or both parents has served in the U.S. military, they will qualify for car insurance through USAA, which offers a number of car insurance options for military veterans and their families, along with options for home and life insurance.
Make Sure their Home is Safe and Fall-Proof
Another way to be sure your older parents stay well-protected is to fix any home safety issues. For example, remove all tripping hazards and be sure all of the lights are in good working order.
Make sure their floors are free from clutter—like that pile of magazines your dad likes to keep by his recliner—and also ask if you can move your mom’s basket of knitting supplies from the floor to the fireplace hearth.
Also, if you notice that your mom is constantly using a step-stool to reach mixing bowls in the cabinets or your dad is complaining that the coffee machine is not working like it used to, spend an afternoon rearranging the cabinets.
Or, treat your dad to a new coffee maker that will not possibly start a fire.
Speak with Them About Common Scams
Unfortunately, there are a wide variety of scammers out there who target seniors. From Medicare and health insurance scams to people who claim to be a family member who needs financial assistance, there is no shortage of fraudulent phone calls and emails that your parents may have to deal with.
To help protect them from these nefarious crooks, sit down with them and go over some of the scams that commonly target seniors. The National Council on Aging is a good resource for this discussion; this site lists the top 10 scams that target seniors.
By being proactive and alerting your folks to these issues, they will hopefully be more likely to hang up on a crook who asks for their bank information or a crying teenager claiming to be their grandson in need of money.
Be Proactive About Protecting Your Parents
While there are issues that are more likely to negatively impact older adults, fortunately, none of them are really inevitable.
By ensuring your aging parents have great insurance policies in place, helping them to make their home as safe as you can, and educating them—and yourself too—about potential scams, you can rest assured you are helping protect your precious parents. | <urn:uuid:4aa96217-94bc-4a65-94b2-d0b704b4a56d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://twobudgettravelers.com/fitness/health/effective-ways-help-protect-aging-parents/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.965792 | 736 | 1.5 | 2 |
Inquiry into the strategic effectiveness and outcomes of Australia’s aid program in the Indo-Pacific and its role in supporting our regional interests
Vision 2020 Australia’s submission focuses on the important role eye health and vision care programs have played in delivering the strategic outcomes of Australia’s aid budget in the Indo-Pacific, which has delivered profoundly positive impacts for individuals and partner countries.
Vision impairment is both a cause and consequence of poverty. There are direct links between vision impairment and lack of access to opportunities (such as education, employment, and social inclusion) and to basic needs (such as health services, good nutrition, safe housing and clean water and sanitation). Globally, 89% of people with vision impairment live in low and middle income countries, and eye health and vision care are important factors in working towards poverty alleviation.
Vision 2020 Australia welcomes the opportunity to provide a submission to the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade inquiry into the strategic effectiveness and outcomes of Australia’s aid program in the Indo-Pacific and its role in supporting our regional interests. Our submission focuses on five of the nine Terms of Reference that are most relevant for the eye health and vision care sector. | <urn:uuid:d1ce9679-67e2-4d34-b4b5-025531d73a89> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vision2020australia.org.au/resources/inquiry-into-the-strategic-effectiveness-and-outcomes-of-australias-aid-program-in-the-indo-pacific-and-its-role-in-supporting-our-regional-interests/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.94471 | 254 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Amber Moffat, I Would Dangle the Moon, Midnight Sun Publishing, June 2019, 32 pp., RRP $30.00 (hbk), ISBN 9781925227529
With the 50th anniversary of the Moon landing on July 20th, we can probably expect a greater focus than usual on our beautiful celestial neighbour in the coming weeks and months.
I Would Dangle the Moon is a gentle addition to the celebration, encouraging young children to imagine what they would do if they could pluck the glowing orb from the sky.
The first picture book from Arts educator and artist Amber Moffat, I Would Dangle the Moon shares the bedtime wonderings of a mother to her child; all of the wonderful things she would do if she could transform in different people or objects and use the moon to create amazing experiences. My favourite;
If I was a wave, I would wash the moon ashore for you to find – a polished salty treasure.
Moffat has captured a lyrical and poetic moment and accompanies it with paintings that fill the large square pages. The repetition in the text sets the scene for further creative innovation, as children could be challenged to imagine who or what they could be as they play with the moon.
Young children aged between 2-5 will enjoy this book, particularly shared at story time or as a bedtime shared text. This book would make a lovely gift for an aspiring astronaut or astronomer, and will appeal to boys and girls alike.
Reviewed by Kay Oddone | <urn:uuid:8e68f516-161c-4a18-980a-aad177b00bfa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://readingtime.com.au/i-would-dangle-the-moon/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.953986 | 309 | 2.328125 | 2 |
It’s been a crazy time. It continues to be. I saw someone say that it’s like the Spanish Flu and the mass protests of the late 60’s/early 70’s happened during the Great Depression. I also saw a tweet (can’t find it right now) saying that “Not even in my darkest hours of 2016 did I imagine telling my husband that we’d have to eat dinner out of our quarantine rations because I didn’t have a chance to go shopping before the police curfew.” And yet, here we are.
I haven’t posted until now because I wanted to give myself a chance to process my thoughts. That’s still ongoing, but I feel like I can start to express myself. First of all, I want to state that Black Lives Matter. Absolutely. Unequivocally. It should go without saying, but it unfortunately it doesn’t. So it falls on all of us to say it, and believe it, and act on it.
I can only talk about this from my own experience as a white woman. One who reads a lot and tries to understand and empathize with others, but who has ultimately experienced the world from a position of racial privilege. A lot of the talk about institutionalized racism makes me think of a few things:
- One is Thug Life, which is urban slang coined by 2Pac Shakur. It was also the name of a hip hop group consisting of 2Pac, Stretch, Big Syke, Mopreme, Macadoshis, and The Rated R. The name is an acronym for “The Hate U Gives Little Infants F*cks Everybody.” I have to confess that I’m only familiar with it because it was referenced in a best-selling YA novel The Hate U Give by Angie Thomas. I think it’s talking about institutionalized racism. The systems of oppression that we all absorb as we go through life (“the hate we give little infants”) then oppresses the next generation, even the oppressors (“f*cks everybody”).
- One is a song from the musical South Pacific called “You Have To Be Carefully Taught.” As a card carrying theater geek, this is more my musical wheelhouse. Written in 1949 it was of the first songs in a musical to explicitly deal with racism, arguing that it’s not something that we’re born with but rather, something that’s nurtured within us. In it, a man contemplating an interracial relationship talks to a woman contemplating a marriage to a man with two mixed race children from a prior marriage. The lyrics to the song are: “You’ve got to be taught to hate and fear/ you’ve got be taught from year to year/ it’s got to be drummed in your dear little ear/ you’ve got to be carefully taught/ You’ve got to be taught to be afraid / Of people whose eyes are oddly made / Or people whose skin is a different shade / You’ve got to be carefully taught / You’ve got to be taught / Before it’s too late/ Before your are six / Or seven or eight / To hate all the people your relatives hate/ You’ve got to be carefully taught. ” I believe that those lyrics are true, but we are taught racism even if our relatives don’t actually sit there drumming it in our “dear little ear” because systems of racism in our society teaches us and the ways that different races are portrayed (or not portrayed) in media. Therefore, we reach a point where we either take part in that system, either actively or passively, or we can try to tear that system down.
I’m not going to say that I’m not a racist, because that doesn’t accomplish anything. In many ways, I’m luckier than most. I grew up with parents who explicitly taught me that no one was superior to anyone else on the basis of their skin color. They taught me that our merit is determined by our actions not our race, religion, nationality of ethnicity. They read me anti-racist books as a child and made sure that I had exposure to people who were different from me, and that I interacted with people who were different. But I still live in the same world as everyone else. That’s a world that has systems of privilege and oppression built into it. I’ve benefited from those systems more than I deserve because of the color of my skin. I don’t like that, but it’s true nonetheless.
Over the last ten days or so, I’ve done a lot of reflecting about how I can help to rectify a system that’s been broken for hundreds of years. I wish that I had a definite answer, but I don’t. When I’m unsure, I look to books to help me. Fortunately #BlackLivesMatter has an awesome anti-racist reading list (as well as an incredible list of resources to help white people be allies).
I’ve read a few of these, but I hope to read many more. As an educator, I also hope to make use of some of these wonderful books in the future. I believe that reading has taught me empathy. It has taught me compassion. I believe that education can change the world. If we read with an open mind and an open heart we can learn to be better. We can learn how to be effective in changing these systems. And don’t forget to buy your books from Black owned independent bookstores! There’s a pretty comprehensive list here.
I think that there are a lot of people who do want to support this movement, but don’t feel able to, either because they can’t protest or can’t donate. But there are other ways to make your voice heard. One of my favorite resources is 5calls.org. This allows people to call the appropriate legislators about issues that are important to them. Just enter your location. You’ll see a list of issues (at the moment there are a number of issues around police reform listed) . Click on one, and you’ll get the phone number of the legislator or representative to call about a certain issue as well as a suggested phone script (which you can modify as much or as little as you want). It’s quick, it’s easy, and it’s effective. #BlackLivesMatter also has lists of actions that anyone can take from their own home for no money, such as phone calls, letter writing, and petitions. If you can’t go out to protest, or don’t have the money to make donations, there is still important work to be done. Most important of all, we have to VOTE for people who will make the changes that we need a reality. There is NO excuse for not voting.
The last thing that I want to do is add to the noise around this topic without contributing anything meaningful. But I believe that there are meaningful ways for all of us to help create a better world for all. The first step is often reading, thinking and looking inward. But that should be where it starts. The next step is turning it into meaningful action in some way. That way may look different for each of us.
On a related topic:
I know that JK Rowling has come out with some trans-phobic statements of twitter that have hurt a lot of people. I love her work, but I do not support her statements or her opinion. Trans Lives Matter. Trans rights are human rights. If you want to help the Trans community at this time there are a lot of ways to do so.
To learn more about the work that needs to be done, visit the Trans Justice Funding Project, The National Black Trans Advocacy Coalition, The Marsha P. Johnson Institute, The Okra Project, The Trans Women of Color Collective, and more. 5calls.org also has entries that support Trans rights at times, particularly when there is pending legislation about them. Bookmark that site, since it’s so valuable for activism on a regular basis.
If you want to read more about transgender issues and gender identity, great. That’s important work that can to break down bias’ we didn’t even know we had. It can open minds and spur further activism. You can find a number of wonderful lists online for adults here and here, teens and young adults here, and children and teens here and here. You can also find lists for all ages.
It’s sad that JK Rowling chose to use her platform and influence to express harmful idea. But she also gave us a book series that teaches us to stand up for what’s right, that silence equals complicity and that by joining our efforts together we can accomplish great things. Let’s take that lesson and use it. | <urn:uuid:9445731f-efd4-4e01-b72e-8fdad5a33767> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://franlaniado.wordpress.com/2020/06/08/on-race-justice-and-other-pressing-issues-of-the-day-and-also-books/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.966266 | 1,902 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Homeschool Learning Lab: S'mores
Homeschool Learning Lab: S'mores Online
What is your favorite treat of the summer? This month in Homeschool Learning Lab we are making solar oven s'mores.
This program will be held at North Regional Library outside on the patio. Registration is required. Please register using the name of your child. In the event of inclement weather, we will meet indoors for all HLL programs. A virtual option is available. A supply kit is available for all attending virtually. Please reach out to Molly at email@example.com for questions and details on how to pick up a supply kit.
- Thursday, July 21, 2022
- 10:00am - 11:00am
- Time Zone:
- Eastern Time - US & Canada (change)
- North Regional Library
- This is an online event. Event URL will be sent via registration email. | <urn:uuid:37a14827-1cd5-43fc-8b91-c8dd6029a63e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://durhamcountylibrary.libcal.com/event/9337568 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.855295 | 225 | 1.523438 | 2 |
What type of fruit are you producing?
Perennials or Annuals?
You have not chosen me, but I have chosen you, and ordained you, that you should go and bring forth fruit, and that your fruit should remain….. John 15:16
One of the advantages of living in this region is that we have the opportunity to experience the distinct changes in the weather temperatures. Accompanying those “seasons” are also a variety of flowers. Some of which are classified as perennials, while others as annuals. Both are capable of producing an array of blooming plants. Although many will continue to bloom throughout the summer – with the arrival of the colder temperatures the distinction will be revealed.
Perennials are those faithful plants that are able to endure the winter temperatures and remain unaffected by the cold. It doesn’t matter how bitterly cold the temperatures, nor how much snow falls during the winter season; those perennials will return year, after year, after year. Even some of the early spring perennials will begin to bloom in the snow – because they have been made to endure.
Now on the other hand we have those annuals. These are the flowering plants that we must purchase yearly. Although many can endure the heat of the summer – when the temperatures begin to dip – so will they. These tend to be those “fussy” plants. Some of them like and thrive in the sunny sections of the garden; while others enjoy the shadier sections. Some enjoy daily waterings; while others will survive the heat of the summer days. Nevertheless, they are beautiful – but only for one season. It doesn’t matter what type of soil you plant them in, nor the mixture of food you give to them – when the temperatures begin to change – so will they.
Now… at this point you should already be able to anticipate the questions for today….which are..
- What type of plant do you believe yourself to be perennial or annual?
- What type would others consider you to be?
- What facts or truths can be presented as evidence to support or confirm your status?
- What would be the basis for your responses?
God has equipped us ALL to be “Perennial Saints”. (II Timothy 2:3). His desire and plan for us is that we learn how to “take a lick and keep on tickin”. We must never permit the “winter season” in our lives to have the ability to prevent us from being the: faithful, dependable, loyal, committed, dedicated and true person that God has already fortified us to be.
While I’m not a farmer, I do know that fruit trees are perennials! Therefore, if I am going to produce fruit in the realm of the spirit – I must be able to endure – as a good soldier. The Bible declares that we will be known by the fruit that we produce (Matthew 7:16). However, you can’t plant an apple tree today and receive apples tomorrow. (Normally!!) Likewise in the realm of the spirit. If we are going to produce fruit for the kingdom, we must learn to be perennials – and endure until we have produced the fruit that God has programmed us to manifest.
We can also learn another lesson from plants. I have these tulips (perennials) in my yard that faithfully return yearly. However, because I don’t go through the trouble of digging them up every year; (which would give them a chance to rest) – and replanting them … each year when they return… they will bloom. Yet the blooms are decreased in size yearly. The change was gradual and barely noticeable for the first year or two. Nevertheless, when I look at my lawn now over a period of many, many years, the tulips are much smaller than the newer purchased ones. So what does this mean? We must take the time to get our proper rest. Far gone should be the times when we are permitting ourselves to work, and work and work – year in and year out and think that we will still be able to maintain and produce a maximum output! We must learn how to work smarter not harder!
I could continue with the comparison of Perennials and Annuals, however I’m sure that you’ve received the concept by now.
So, make the proper adjustments immediately; first to be a “Perennial Saint”. Next, to establish a healthy regimen in the natural that will permit you with the ability to get the proper rest and vacation time…. that will avail you with the opportunity to be a fruit bearing tree. Lastly, pray that your fruit will display your character qualities and display a “perpetual” nature. | <urn:uuid:70c09bf8-6751-407e-9771-42b07b05ddd7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://iamaruby.com/profiles/blogs/what-type-of-fruit-are-you-producing-perennials-or-annuals | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.958467 | 990 | 2.28125 | 2 |
As a kid, what were you afraid of?
Our neighbor is really into Halloween. Each year, their front yard becomes a mini haunted house. I have to admit I was a little concerned how my children would react to the realistic skeletons, blood fountain (yes) and fake guillotine when they were younger, but up until this year they seemed more curious than frightened by them. My oldest son said, “Mom, I know this hasn’t bothered me in the past, and this isn’t real, but it kinda scares me.” I knew what he meant. There seems to be a shift at some age where things that you didn’t really notice or comprehend become scary.
My earliest memory of being scared was of shadows cast in my bedroom as a child from the door not being closed all the way and light coming in from the hallway. I’m sure I’d read or heard stories of monsters living under children’s beds, and while I logically knew the possibility was very small, the slightest possibility unnerved me. When I voiced my fear to my parents, I was often consoled and told, “It’s not real, don’t worry about it.” Easier said than done, right? The mind has the capacity for great imagination.
As a parent, my kids are now experiencing fear in their own way. Whether it’s the neighbors Halloween decorations or the unexplained noise (our house is old, and known to creak), or being afraid of the dark, it’s all very real to them. I sat my kids down after one of the boys asked if vampires were real. “Do you think people would be walking around outside ever if vampires were real?” I saw that I got their attention so I continued. “Doo-dee-doo, look at me, I’m just strolling along, hoping no vampire is going to come and get me.” With that, my boys started to smile. Realizing what I was saying was true seemed to comfort them. I added, “Same for werewolves, mummies, and zombies. We wouldn’t have a lock on our door, we’d live in a metal vault that would require a million different codes to get in. We’d never see our neighbors cause they’d have the same thing. Man, how’d we get groceries (and who’d work at the grocery store all open and exposed for some vampire to walk on in), or get to work or school, or go out and do anything fun if all these things that were trying to kill or eat us were all around?” Now my boys were laughing. They got it…vampires, werewolves, mummies and zombies aren’t real.
But it was a good reminder. Fear is real, and needed for survival. It gets complicated when we talk about things worth really fearing in our world. But that’s a talk for another day. In the meantime, I’ll continue to look for ways to help my children understand those things they need not fear at all.
How do you help your child work through fear they are experiencing? How do you explain all the ‘scary stuff’ that comes out at Halloween?
Enjoy the extra hour of sleep following Halloween. I’ll be back in early November. | <urn:uuid:d0fc4d8f-f43b-4b07-bba9-48dd2b34e56b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://noregretsparenting.org/2015/10/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.981147 | 716 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Defending Human Rights in Turkey: Stories that Need to Be Heard
A founding member and state party of the Council of Europe legally bound to nearly all of the fundamental human rights treaties, a bridge between “West” and “East” poised for EU membership. In the not too distant past, many considered Turkey an up and coming story of democratic transformation. Today human rights in Turkey are significantly at risk.
Nowadays Turkey displays an increasingly restrictive environment with distorted checks and balances and undermined rule of law. Turkey has become one of the illiberal state models in the world with thousands of journalists, academics, and government critics sacked, imprisoned, and charged with terrorist or treasonous crimes.
Throughout its volatile political history, it has never been safe or easy to defend human rights in Turkey. However, the current hostile context puts human rights defenders, whose nature of work is to reveal human rights violations and abuses by both state and non-state actors, in a highly dangerous position. The international community needs to be reminded of their courage and their struggles, and of the solidarity the international community owes to them at both personal, societal and high diplomatic levels.
Onur Hamzaoğlu, Şebnem Korur Fincancı and Reha Ruhavioğlu are three individuals who, despite the increasing difficulty and mounting pressure posed by the government, continue to defend human rights in Turkey. Hamzaoğlu and Korur Fincancı are subjects to criminal trials, facing 8 to 14 years in prison respectively.
The NHC calls on the Turkish authorities to drop charges against Hamzaoğlu, Korur Fincancı and other human rights defenders prosecuted in Turkey for their lawful exercise of their rights as determined by international law.
The NHC calls on the government of the Netherlands and the EU to double its efforts to preserve fundamental freedoms and the rule of law in Turkey and protect those who defend it.
Below are the stories of three individuals who, despite great personal risk, continue to defend human rights in Turkey. They are written by Tan Tunali and illustrated by Marco Lambooij for the Netherlands Helsinki Committee.
Onur Hamzaoğlu is a professor of public health and member of the Turkish Medical Association. He is convinced that both academics and health professionals have a duty to serve the public and protect public health. Hamzaoğlu’s best known academic work is research on the implications of environmental deterioration on the health of local populations. He found that due to the heavy industrial pollution in the Dilovasi area, close to Istanbul, the likelihood of cancer for people living in the area is three times higher than in other areas of Turkey.
Despite colleagues praising the research, local authorities who are actually responsible for protecting Dilovasi citizens, opened court cases against Hamzaoğlu. They claimed that the research sought to “cause panic among the public” and, along with local companies, started a campaign to discredit Hamzaoğlu’s research.
As with so many rights defenders and academics, the failed coup attempt and its aftermath have had a huge impact on Hamzaoğlu’s life. A few months after the coup attempt, he, along with 18 other colleagues, were fired from university by emergency decree. All of them were signatories of a petition protesting the violence perpetrated by Turkish security forces against the Kurdish population in the southeast. “We won’t be part of this crime,” they stated in the petition. Turkish authorities targeted, purged, and put on trial and/or imprisoned many of the petition’s signatories. Despite their expulsion, they continued their work saying, “We will return (to our jobs),” and continued teaching in the Kocaeli Solidarity Academy set up by purged academics.
Hamzaoğlu’s opposition to war also cost him his freedom. He was accused of “terrorism propaganda” and “provoking the people to hatred and enmity” after a press release, put out by an umbrella organisation uniting several political opposition groups, criticized Turkey’s military incursion in the Syrian-Kurdish province of Afrin. Hamzaoğlu spent 160 days in pre-trial detention and was released on 23 July 2018 following his first court hearing.
As with so many rights defenders and academics, the failed coup attempt and its aftermath have had a huge impact on Hamzaoğlu’s life.”
Hamzaoğlu has since continued his important work, writing for a medical journal, researching and lecturing. Due to the current political climate in Turkey, the work of people like Hamzaoğlu and countless others is more important than ever. They need to be heard. Despite his release, Hamzaoğlu is not yet free, his court case continues with the following hearing set for January 2019. If convicted he could face up to 8 years in prison.
Şebnem Korur Fincancı
Şebnem Korur Fincancı is a forensic doctor and, for decades now, an ardent defender of human rights. She is renowned for her fight against torture, writing columns on medical ethics and documenting torture cases. She also heads the Human Rights Foundation of Turkey, which documents torture cases and other serious human rights violations and helps victims with rehabilitation and legal assistance.
In 1999 Korur Fincancı contributed to the Istanbul Protocol, a document recognized by the UN as a standardized set of guidelines for the documentation of torture and its consequences. In the following years, Korur Financı travelled around the world to lecture about the protocol’s implementation.
In June 2016, Korur Fincancı became the focus of news reports around the world. This time, torture wasn’t the subject, but terrorism instead. The Turkish government had accused her of terrorism propaganda for which she spent ten days in pre-trial detention. This was all due to her participation in a solidarity campaign with the pro-Kurdish newspaper Özgür Gündem. Along with Korur Fincancı, over 50 other prominent Turkish authors, journalists, and human rights defenders have participated in the solidarity campaign by working for a day as “co-editor-in-chief” of the newspaper in order to help withstand government pressure for its closure.
While international pressure helped secure prison release for Korur Fincancı and two fellow campaigners, Turkish representative of Reporters Without Borders Erol Önderoğlu and author Ahmet Nesin, they are not yet in the clear. Their court case is still ongoing; and, if convicted, they face up to 14 years in prison.
Korur Financı is already quite experienced when it comes to politically motivated court cases and other intimidation tactics by the Turkish authorities. In 2004 she was removed from her position as the Head of the Department of Istanbul University’s Forensic Medicine Faculty and later from her position as Chairperson of the Institute of Forensic Medicine. After fighting these decisions in court, she was reinstated as Chairperson and currently continues to teach at Istanbul University.
Korur Fincancı’s career-long fight against torture unfortunately drags on and, sadly, is as relevant and pressing as ever.”
The scores of torture cases reported by Korur Financı and the legal harassment she has endured herself during her decades long career, illustrate that human rights violations, which we hear increasingly and unescapably about today, are nothing new in Turkey. In the early 2000s, under the influence of the EU accession process and the AKP government’s stated zero tolerance policy, the number of torture cases dropped in comparison to their relatively common occurrence in the 80s and 90s. However, today torture is back in Turkey. Following the failed coup attempt of 2016 human rights organisations documented many torture cases in police custody, detention, and prison. Korur Fincancı’s career-long fight against torture unfortunately drags on and, sadly, is as relevant and pressing as ever. In a recent column for the Turkish daily Evrensel she explained how torture serves to incite fear in a population, “therefore fighting against torture means fighting for all our rights.”
Reha Ruhavioğlu is a middle school computer science teacher in Diyarbakir, the capital and largest town in the predominantly Kurdish southeast region of Turkey. He has always been passionate about human rights. However, it wasn’t until the night of 28 December 2011, when Turkish fighter jets killed 34 civilians from the small town of Roboski on the Iraqi-Turkish border, that he started to dedicate much more of his time to human rights in Turkey.
Ruhavioğlu became involved with the human rights organisation Mazlumder, documenting the personal stories of the 34 killed in the Roboski massacre. Mazlumder, founded in the early nineties, is best known for fighting against violations of freedom of religion, like the headscarf ban at universities and in public offices. Ruhavioğlu, a practising Muslim, easily identified with the organisation’s principles.
After joining Mazlumder in 2012, Ruhavioğlu worked in several capacities for the office in Diyarbakir. Since joining, Ruhavioğlu has witnessed significant changes in Diyarbakir. In 2013, the Turkish government initiated a ceasefire and a peace process with the armed Kurdistan Worker’s Party (PKK). As a result, repressions decreased, and the political and cultural life in the region became freer.
Only two years later the cease-fire fell apart and peace process collapsed, causing violence to engulf the region once again. Clashes took place between state security forces and the youth wing of the PKK. The Turkish state restricted the population by imposing curfews and used heavy artillery to bomb and besiege the cities of the region. Thousands of people died while hundreds of thousands more lost their homes.
After the state lifted city curfews, Ruhavioğlu joined Mazlumder’s delegation in visiting the embattled town of Cizre at the Syrian border. They found evidence of widespread human rights violations by Turkish security forces. The detailed report Ruhavioğlu and his colleagues wrote sparked controversy, not only with the general public, but within Mazlumder itself.
In particular, the report’s denunciation of government crimes and reportage of human rights violations faced harsh criticism by Mazlumder’s branches based in western Turkey. The organisation’s internal turmoil eventually led to a fall-out and the court ordered closure of 16 of Mazlumder’s 24 offices in early 2017. These included all offices and in the southeast region and the Diyarbakir office where Ruhavioğlu worked.
We used to be guided by hope in defending human rights, but now we simply persist.”-Reha Ruhavioğlu
Following the closure Ruhavioğlu and other co-activists founded a new NGO called Hak Inisiyatifi (The Rights Initiative). Like Mazlumder, Hak Inisiyatifi is an initiative, which takes Islamic values and principles into account. Increasing government repression and widespread fear in the region required Hak Inisiyatifi to resort to creative – and subtle – ways of mobilizing people. Despite mounting pressure, Ruhavioğlu remains positive: “We used to be guided by hope in defending human rights, but now we simply persist.” One way to persist is through organising educational projects that teach children about human rights.
Along with the closure of 16 Mazlumder local offices, the stories written by Ruhavioğlu about the 34 victims of the Roboski massacre have disappeared from the archives. Ruhavioğlu is currently working on a Roboski museum to tell the victims’ stories and ensure the public is made aware.
This is the first entry in the series, to find the rest of the series click here: Defending Human Rights in Turkey: Stories that Need to be Heard | <urn:uuid:40de30f2-2014-491f-961a-c15eacfa9e0e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nhc.nl/human-rights-defenders-stories-turkey/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.964386 | 2,540 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Newsflash —Half of all cancers could be prevented by lifestyle changes. Changes like eating healthier, giving up smoking, exercising regularly and many more. Check the Cancer Research web site on http://www.reducetherisk.org.uk/ . There are ten top tips listed to help you improve your life and your future. Good luck.
Cheryl, Haywards Heath | <urn:uuid:d40a4ddd-cdcf-4658-9a0a-e8f329138698> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.homegymuk.com/cancer-reduce-the-risk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.791966 | 183 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Student Response Tools
Faculty commonly pose questions to a whole class, seeking to engage students with course material and with each other. Student response tools add structure to this technique. The results support formative assessment, "just in time" teaching,peer instruction exercises, and more. In the past, student response systems required special hardware (clickers and receivers), but have mostly transitioned to web-based services and apps — which makes them easier to use and opens up asynchronous uses.
As much as you can, please use familiar tools provided and supported by the University or College — chiefly Courses, Google applications, Panopto, and Zoom.
Courses features multiple tools that can be used as student response systems.
- The Tests & Quizzes tool can gather student responses synchronously or asynchronously. Tests & Quizzes calculates various statistics as appropriate to the question type, including distribution of answers, though it doesn't optimize these for aesthetically pleasing presentation to an audience.
- The Polls tool only uses multiple-choice questions and presents only aggregate results, not individual student responses.
- For asynchronous responses to material presented in the Lessons tool, you can insert inline Questions directly into the page.
If Courses doesn't meet your needs, you may want to consider additional tools. Please avoid tools that would incur fees for students.
The CTE has not reviewed Acadly. iClicker is not recommended, because of its student fee pricing structure.
Video-Embedded Response Tools
While the tools previously described can be deployed synchronously or asynchronously, a few student response tools exist that really only make sense for asynchronous applications. | <urn:uuid:ff06e856-0093-46a4-af7d-042313199c98> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://community.pepperdine.edu/seaver/center-teaching-excellence/ed-tech-tool-kit/student-response-tools.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.942234 | 337 | 2.140625 | 2 |
How To complete the QURAN in Ramadan: The Qur'an has 600 pages approx.. If you divide it on 30 days, that's 20 pages a day. You see, that's difficult to do right? But, if you divide it on the 5 prayers a day, it gets easier: *If you read 4 pages after every salah in ramadan, then you've completed the Qur'an. *If you want to complete the Qur'an twice, you read 4 pages before and after every salah. Imagine if you forward this message, how many people will benefit and complete the Qur'an. And it gets even better, because you would get the reward for them finding it easier to complete. InshaAllah. | <urn:uuid:bc23555f-b697-45bb-9c2f-cf65a3facc96> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://smsmessages4u.com/complte-quran/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.914126 | 150 | 1.96875 | 2 |
2020 Bangladesh Cybersecurity Trends Study
Information Security Media Group surveyed C-suite executives in Bangladesh, including CISOs, CSOs, CTOs, heads of risk and compliance and IT. The objective was to understand regional trends and key cybersecurity challenges and requirements. The survey aimed to explore current transformations in the cybersecurity landscape and critical challenges in the region. This survey, conducted online in September and October, generated about 110 responses from Bangladesh enterprises - including those in the banking, financial services, insurance, telecom, manufacturing and government sectors.
We are pleased to present you with the survey results.
- You can download this report showcasing the research findings:
- Unique regional trends;
- Critical cybersecurity challenges;
- Top technologies of interest to the cybersecurity community.
Among the key findings:
- Close to 72% of Bangladesh organizations see ransomware as a key cybersecurity challenge being faced by organizations in the region, while about 70% see phishing scams as a top challenge.
- More than half of the surveyed enterprises expect their cybersecurity budgets to increase.
- 71% are confident that their cybersecurity posture is either at par with or ahead of the postures of their peers.
Read the full survey report to learn how enterprises in Bangladesh are leveraging technology to counter the cybersecurity threats.
This survey is now closed. Thank you for your participation. Click the link below to view the survey results. | <urn:uuid:6ad68490-4503-42ae-9eb8-2889685266eb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.databreachtoday.asia/surveys/2020-bangladesh-cybersecurity-trends-study-s-85 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.928111 | 282 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Why write? Why spend hours thinking of the perfect sentence, unsuccessfully chasing an absolute that doesn’t exist? I often question why I write, why, even during days when I have read carnivorously or aced tests or scrutinized a film, writing remains my only salve. Maybe it is because writing makes the banality of the world tolerable in comparison. It takes situations and grinds from them the rare incense of life. Literature, film — others’ creations — are to be consumed with passion and precision. The old dictum that if one wishes to be a good writer, one also must be a good reader is certainly true. But writing itself maintains a deeper, self-gratifying aspect that even reading the best literature doesn’t. Ultimately, perusing any worthwhile art is an act of great admiration. Although I am not able to write every day (whereas reading is a perpetual commonplace in my life), writing vitalizes me like nothing else I know.
But it can be a miserable activity, writing. I frequently end up berating myself and my incompetence. My slow-paced, usually overheated prose, makes up, to me, not a beautiful superstructure of language, but embarrassing idiolalia. I think, and then I think harder, and find myself clenched, angrily gripping my mind, trying to shake out a coherent thought, a half-tuned sentence. Much of my machinations while writing are cajolements of the self: trying to talk myself down off the linguistic ledge, cheering myself to go on after putting together a sentence of half-decent affect.
But then I let go. To call up the cliché, I just write. I do less thinking, but also more. I write without looking at the screen, without pestering every word I lay down on the page. It becomes a flow that sometimes develops into a fruitful fugue, a deluge of letters and punctuations to be sharpened at a later date. And when this occurs, it is less a struggle with the conditioned self (a struggle that can never be held at adequate length), and more a channeling of a sort of madness into language. Occasionally, such an unleashing produces a sentence not destined for the trash heap. And although there are degrees to this artistic fugue, paces that both quicken and slow with my own ability to relinquish crushing self-awareness, the exercise itself engenders a certain happiness. It is, I think, a proximity to creation that is not the rich but ultimately maudlin exercise of reading or watching, but is the honest compilation of myself. It doesn’t make the objective world better, but it makes my world better. “Catharsis,” I believe is the hackneyed term.
The point, I think, is the nearness to creation. Writing, unlike any other art, or any other act of creation, is the mind’s attempt to organize reality, to perspectivally interpret experience and place it coherently onto a page. It is the hardest thing I have ever done, but it is also the most rewarding. To go too much time without writing is to alienate myself from a compelling world filled with my self-reflexive interpretations of it. Through interpreting reality I interpret myself.
I am struggling to write this very piece, precisely because of the self-conscious babble in my head about impressions, ability, credence. I know my “point,” but to write it well is an intricate, intimate process.
Writing connects the mind to the self and presents its findings through language. As Nietzsche says, “language speaks man.” Writing reveals a momentary condition of the self. Internalities beautifully, rhythmically, and with a sense of clarity, are excreted onto the page, hammered into some sort of shape. It all may seem very nebulous, but writing is the most intimate of projects, it is the mind’s leap to try to concretize being. Of course, such a task is not easy. It is intensely personal and difficult. But most great people do things not because they are easy, but because they are hard. The difficulty of writing comes with a fleeting but sharp reward. It’s a jolt, a whack on the head, a pulsation of energy. Quite frankly, it is a click of something special. It’s that other thing. | <urn:uuid:56ca981c-2115-4a4f-8e09-f2fbb053e95d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wfuogb.com/5424/opinion/writing-brightens-the-darkness-of-the-world/?print=true | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950807 | 916 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Published on Oct 17, 2013 by NextNewsNetwork
Karen Hudes exposes The World Bank. It is one of the world’s largest financial institutions said to represent 188 nations from around the world. Its stated purpose focuses on investing in the development of third-world nations and lending interest-free loans to middle- and low-income countries.
According to the World Bank, there are two goals that have been set to be achieved by the year 2030. These include decreasing the amount of people living on less than $1.25 a day to less than 3% and fostering the income growth of the bottom 40% of every country.
Are these goals sensible for the World Bank to accomplish? And, more importantly, can they be successfully achieved in the midst of a significant shift in the global currency market?
To help us break down the global financial giant known as the World Bank and how you can protect your finances during this seemingly unstable global market, we are joined by Karen Hudes, who claims to be a former senior councilwoman at the World Bank.
Next News Network is currently investigating to verify that the allegations and testimonies made by Karen Hudes are accurate.
Next News Network’s WHDT World News Program airs daily at 6pm and 11pm Eastern on Comcast, DirecTV and Over-the-Air and Online at http://usmediavault.com/WHDT.html
WHDT World News is available to 6 million viewers from South Beach to Sebastian, Florida and to 2 million viewers in Boston, Massachusetts via WHDN.
WHDT broadcasts on RF channel 44 (virtual channel 9) from Palm City and is carried on cable TV channels 44 (SD) and 1044 (HD) by AT&T, on cable channels 17 (SD) and 438 (HD) in West Palm Beach by Comcast, on satellite channel 44 (SD) in West Palm Beach by DIRECTV, and on WHDN-Boston which broadcasts on RF channel 38 (virtual channel 6) from the Government Center district in downtown Boston.
More about WHDT: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHDT | <urn:uuid:67f7ec06-6070-40b5-b546-ddfe93876cb6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://fromthetrenchesworldreport.com/world-bank-whistleblower-makes-startling-confession-karen-hudes-n3/62068 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.944314 | 446 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Ahimsa “non-harming” is the first of the Yamas to be listed in the Yoga Sutras and is probably the most universally known and discussed of these precepts. I would also say that this Yama is the most misunderstood. It’s a great word to toss around in yoga class, but putting it into practice requires all of our courage, strength, powers of mind, and humility.
Ahmisa is a very challenging idea for the normal processes of the human mind. We tend to like clean and simple answers. We tend to like a universal approach to every situation. "When A happens I always do B." But life is not black and white. Life is a sliding scale of varying shades of grey. How do we create an action or a behavior that in each unique situation does not harm anyone involved in the dynamic, including ourselves? Not an easy task, and we all succeed and fail with this every day.
To simplify things a bit, there is a very simple question we can ask:
“What is the most loving thing to do?”
The loving thing, as you may have already guessed, is not always the easy thing. The loving thing can feel wonderful, such as when we console a loved one, or when we pet our cat, or when we give what we love to the world. The Buddha would call this “Right Action”, and as I always say to clients, sometimes the Right Action or “loving thing to do” feels great and sometimes it really sucks. Sometimes it means making that phone call you don’t want to make, or standing up for yourself even when your knees are shaking, or maybe turning down a short term pleasure for longer term happiness. Ahmisa is a full contact Yama. We have to engage with it and we have to bring in the full power of our intellect and discernment to decide what the loving action actually is in each situation.
This requires some critical thought.
For example, sometimes the loving thing to do is tell someone the honest truth. They need to hear it, and you need to say it. Telling the truth helps the situation heal. Telling the truth is the loving thing to do.
But sometimes telling the truth can cause harm. They don’t really need to hear it, and you don’t really need to say it. Telling the truth causes further suffering in the situation. Telling the truth in this case is not the loving thing to do.
Sometimes the loving thing to do is to buy ourselves a new shirt. We have the money, we love the shirt, and it feels loving to make the purchase.
Sometimes the loving thing to do is to window shop. We don’t really have the money or by buying it we’re adding to unnecessary debt and financial stress. Or we know we’re buying it for the short-term rush and it will just sit in the closet with the tags on. It doesn’t feel loving to make the purchase.
The universal factors: Our discernment in a unique moment and situation asking, “what is the loving thing to do?”
You see, there’s no universal prescription. The Yamas, particularly Ahimsa, require our engagement and participation. We have to consider the dynamics of each situation and act accordingly. What is the most loving thing to do? Not “what’s the easiest thing to do?” or “what’s the action that will make me look really good?” or “what’s the action that makes everyone like me?” Those are all expressions of ego-based vanity and fear, not love. Those questions will always lead to suffering.
The loving action, while in the short term can be difficult, always leads to long-term happiness. The loving action helps us to create healthy boundaries and self-discipline. The loving action brings us into conscious contact with who we really are. Love is the foundation of what we are. To behave in a way that loves is to act in congruence with the essence of our beings. And Ahmisa teaches us, ruthless kindness, what love really is. | <urn:uuid:3ea6e411-1203-4ccc-9a06-2421957f524f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://alexamorosiyoga.com/index.php/easyblog/entry/ahimsa-the-yama-of-love?tmpl=component&print=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.947261 | 878 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Check out these four DIY-friendly approaches to wall trim.
By Matt Weber
The term “wainscoting” refers to almost any treatment you give to the lower portion of a wall that’s in contrast to the upper portion. This often involves a system of panels capped by a chair rail that lines the lower wall. Wainscoting can be comprised of raised panels, bead-board, sheet paneling, picture-frame molding and more.
The original purpose of wainscoting was reportedly to cover the lower part of house walls that were often affected by rising dampness. These days wainscoting is used as a trim detail to enhance a home’s interior décor. The general rule of thumb is that the wainscoting panels are usually 1/3 the height of the wall, but ultimately the decision is up to you, and your pattern and color choice can dramatically change the overall look of a room.
Traditional bead-board wainscoting is easy to install for DIY’ers because of the narrow repeating pattern. You can essentially cut the tongue-and-groove panel along any of the bead-board joints and then seam it to the next panel by hiding the cut edge inside a shadow line. This ability to cut the panels at any point without interrupting a visible pattern is why bead-board is often a favorite wainscot pattern for small rooms like bathrooms, where the walls may be too short to accommodate a larger pattern such as raised panels.
Plan the bead-board installation so full panels are most prevalent with cut panels located in a less conspicuous areas. When possible, use a single bead-board panel until the wainscoting meets a corner. Apply construction adhesive to the backs of the panels and fasten them into the wall studs with brad nails. Install the panels perfectly level. Any gaps at the floor can be concealed with base or shoe molding. Nail the trim profile of your choice on top of the paneling to serve as chair rail.
Preformed Raised Panels
Raised panel wainscoting gives a room a more formal appearance that is popular in dining rooms, foyers and hallways. Assembling the panels from scratch, however, requires careful measurement, shrewd carpentry skills, plus a lot of time and labor. You’ll need a powered saw, a router, a router table, as well as the specialized raised-panel router bits in order to fabricate each rail (horizontal piece), stile (vertical piece) and interior floating panel.
One way for a DIY’er to significantly reduce the labor for this style of wainscoting is to order customized prefab panels that are shipped to your home as large, single sections complete with the decorative pattern routed into the MDF material. Rather than piecing together every rail, stile and panel, the large prefab sections can be installed directly to the wall so the job progresses as much as 8 linear feet at a time. The single panels are also less prone to paint cracking, because there are no carpentry joints, which are prone to expansion and contraction.
Wainscoting America is an online supplier that streamlines the selection process with an online design tool. First step is to select your preferred style and the height of your panels. Determine your Top Rail Wainscoting Height, and then determine your Bottom Rail Wainscoting Height. Next, determine your Left, Middle and Right Stile Widths. Based on your careful measurements of each wall, the web tool will produce a visual representation of your panel design. Make adjustments until you’re satisfied. The panels then ship to your home.
The panels install over the wallboard with a combination of construction adhesive and brad nails driven into the wall studs. The seams between panels are concealed with an overlapping rabbet joint. The chair rail is installed with glue and nails, and the entire project is finished with caulk, spackling, primer and paint. Remember that when installing any type of wainscoting, try to minimize the use of nails in favor of adhesive to limit the amount of spackling and touchup work required to fill the fastener holes.
Faux wainscot paneling has made its way into today’s homes because it’s easy to install and saves time and material. Faux paneling basically entails attaching picture-frame moldings to the wall to create the look and effect of solid wainscoting panels. The moldings are mitered to create a square or rectangle, and the wall and moldings are painted one color to look like solid wainscot. Glue the molding to the walls, attaching the pieces with six-penny finish nails driven at opposing angles to hold them in place while the glue dries.
For curved walls, flexible molding can be applied to simulate curved panels.
Two Tone Wall with Chair Rail
A chair rail is horizontal molding attached to the wall at a height that typically ranges from 32 to 48 inches above the floor. Traditionally it was used to help protect the wall from the scuff marks of chair backs, but today it often serves as a decorative element above wainscoting. You’ve probably never seen wainscoting installed without a chair rail, but you can easily install a chair rail without the wainscoting. Using the rail as a transitional piece, you can achieve a wainscot effect by separating two paint colors on the wall. Use a darker shade on the lower half of the wall to anchor the room and use a lighter shade on the top half, which makes the ceiling look higher. Paint the ceiling the same color as the upper walls to help the room feel light and airy.
A similar effect can achieve by covering half the wall with wallpaper and separating it from the paint with a chair rail. Take a cue from fashion when choosing a wallpaper pattern; it’s best to use vertical stripes instead of horizontal stripes to create the illusion of height. | <urn:uuid:d85956f3-7d44-4a52-ac5b-0eaf6a3b8899> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://extremehowto.com/wainscoting-solutions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.941724 | 1,257 | 1.515625 | 2 |
|Strategic Air Command|
|Active||1947–92: US Air Force|
1946–47: US Army Air Forces
|Branch||United States Air Force|
|Type||Major Command / Specified Command|
|Garrison/HQ||9 November 1948: Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska|
21 October 1946: Andrews Field, Maryland
21 March 1946: Bolling Field, District of Columbia
|Motto(s)||"Peace is Our Profession"|
|March||"Strategic Air Command March"|
|Gen Curtis LeMay|
Strategic Air Command (SAC) was both a United States Department of Defense (DoD) Specified Command and a United States Air Force (USAF) Major Command (MAJCOM), responsible for Cold War command and control of two of the three components of the U.S. military's strategic nuclear strike forces, the so-called "nuclear triad", with SAC having control of land-based strategic bomber aircraft and intercontinental ballistic missiles or ICBMs (the third leg of the triad being submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBM) of the U.S. Navy).
SAC also operated all strategic reconnaissance aircraft, all strategic airborne command post aircraft, and all USAF aerial refueling aircraft, to include those in the Air Force Reserve (AFRES) and Air National Guard (ANG).
However, SAC did not operate the KB-50, WB-50 and WB-47 weather reconnaissance aircraft operated through the mid and late 1960s by the Air Weather Service, nor did SAC operate the HC-130 or MC-130 operations aircraft capable of aerial refueling helicopters that were assigned to Tactical Air Command (TAC), then Military Airlift Command (MAC), and from 1990 onward, those MC-130 aircraft operated by the Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC), or any AFRES (now Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC)) or ANG tactical aerial refueling aircraft (e.g., HC-130, MC-130) operationally gained by TAC, MAC or AFSOC.
SAC primarily consisted of the Second Air Force (2AF), Eighth Air Force (8AF) and the Fifteenth Air Force (15AF), while SAC headquarters (HQ SAC) included Directorates for Operations & Plans, Intelligence, Command & Control, Maintenance, Training, Communications, and Personnel. At a lower echelon, SAC headquarters divisions included Aircraft Engineering, Missile Concept, and Strategic Communications.
In 1992, as part of an overall post-Cold War reorganization of the U.S. Air Force, SAC was disestablished as both a Specified Command and as a MAJCOM, and its personnel and equipment redistributed among the Air Combat Command (ACC), Air Mobility Command (AMC), Pacific Air Forces (PACAF), United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE), and Air Education and Training Command (AETC), while SAC's central headquarters complex at Offutt AFB, Nebraska was concurrently transferred to the newly created United States Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM), which was established as a joint Unified Combatant Command to replace SAC's Specified Command role.
In 2009, SAC's previous USAF MAJCOM role was reactivated and redesignated as the Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC), with AFGSC eventually acquiring claimancy and control of all USAF bomber aircraft and the USAF strategic ICBM force.
The Strategic Air Forces of the United States during World War II included General Carl Spaatz's European command, United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe (USSTAF), consisting of the 8AF and 15AF, and the United States Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific (USASTAF) and its Twentieth Air Force (20AF).
The U.S. Army Air Forces' first mission in the Strategic Bombing Campaign in the European Theater during World War II included the VIII Bomber Command, which conducted the first European "heavy bomber" attack by the USAAF on 17 August 1942; the Ninth Air Force, which conducted the first Operation Crossbow "No-Ball" missions on 5 December 1943; the Twelfth Air Force; and the Fifteenth Air Force, which executed bombing operations on 2 November 1943 during Operation Pointblank.
The Operation Overlord air plan for the strategic bombing of both Germany and German military forces in continental Europe prior to the 1944 invasion of France used several Air Forces, primarily those of the USAAF and those of the Royal Air Force (RAF), with the command of air operations transferring to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force on 14 April 1944.
Planning to reorganize for a separate and independent postwar U.S. Air Force had begun by the fall of 1945, with the Simpson Board tasked to plan, "...the reorganization of the Army and the Air Force...". In January 1946, Generals Eisenhower and Spaatz agreed on an Air Force organization composed of the Strategic Air Command, the Air Defense Command, the Tactical Air Command, the Air Transport Command and the supporting Air Technical Service Command, Air Training Command, the Air University, and the Air Force Center.
Strategic Air Command was originally established in the U.S. Army Air Forces on 21 March 1946, acquiring part of the personnel and facilities of the Continental Air Forces (CAF), the World War II command tasked with the air defense of the continental United States (CONUS). At the time, CAF headquarters was located at Bolling Field (later Bolling AFB) in the District of Columbia and SAC assumed occupancy of its headquarters facilities until relocating SAC headquarters (HQ SAC) to nearby Andrews Field (later Andrews AFB), Maryland as a tenant activity until assuming control of Andrews Field in October 1946.
SAC initially totaled 37,000 USAAF personnel. In addition to Bolling Field and, seven months later, Andrews Field, SAC also assumed responsibility for:
SAC also had seven additional CAF bases transferred on 21 March 1946 which remained in SAC through the 1947 establishment of the U.S. Air Force as an independent service. Those installations included:
On 31 March 1946, the following additional installation was also assigned to SAC:
Under the first SAC Commander in Chief, General George C. Kenney, initial units reporting to the Strategic Air Command headquarters on 21 March 1946 included the Second Air Force, the IX Troop Carrier Command and the 73d Air Division.
Fifteenth Air Force was assigned to SAC on 31 March (15th AF's 263rd Army Air Force Base Unit—with SAC's radar detachments—transferred the same date directly under HQ SAC ), while the IX Troop Carrier Command was inactivated the same date and its assets redistributed within SAC.
With postwar demobilization still underway, eight of the ten assigned bomb groups were inactivated before the Eighth Air Force was assigned to SAC on 7 June 1946
Despite the pressures of demobilization, SAC continued the training and evaluation of bomber crews and units still on active duty in the postwar Army Air Forces. Radar Bomb Scoring became the preferred method of evaluating bomber crews, with the last of 888 simulated bomb runs scored against a bombing site near San Diego, California during 1946, subsequently increasing to 2,449 bomb runs by 1947. In the wake of the successful employment of air-dropped nuclear weapons against Hiroshima and Nagasaki to effectively end World War II, SAC became the focus of the nation's nuclear strike capability, to the extent that Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) Publication 1259/27 on 12 December 1946 identified that, "...the 'air atomic' strategic air force should only come under the orders of the JCS."
In addition to the strategic bombing mission, SAC also devoted significant resources to aerial reconnaissance. In 1946, SAC's reconnaissance aircraft inventory consisted of F-2 photo variants of the C-45 Expeditor support aircraft, but by 1947 SAC had acquired an F-9C squadron consisting of twelve photo-reconnaissance variants of the B-17G Flying Fortress. An F-13 squadron, the F-13 later re-designated as the RB-29 Superfortress, was also established. SAC conducted routine aerial reconnaissance missions near the Soviet borders or near the 12-mile international waters limit, although some missions actually penetrated into Soviet airspace. The flight profiles of these missions—above 30,000 feet and in excess of 300 knots—made interception by Soviet air forces difficult until the Soviet's 1948 introduction of the MiG-15 jet fighter. Project Nanook, the Cold War's first Top Secret reconnaissance effort, used the first RB-29 missions for mapping and visual reconnaissance in the Arctic and along the northern Soviet coast. Later missions were Project LEOPARD along the Chukchi Peninsula, followed by Projects RICKRACK, STONEWORK, and COVERALLS.
In 1946, the US possessed only nine atomic bombs and twenty-seven B-29s capable at any one time of delivering them. Furthermore, it was later determined that an attack by the 509th Composite Bomb Group during the 1947 to 1948 time frame would have required at least five to six days just to transfer custody of the bombs from United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) sites to SAC and deploy the aircraft and weapons to forward operating bases before launching nuclear strikes.
Postwar budget and personnel cuts had an insidious effect on SAC as its Deputy Commander, Major General Clements McMullen, implemented mandated force reductions. This continued to wear down SAC as a command and morale plummeted. As a result, by the end of 1947, only two of SAC's eleven groups were combat ready. After the 1948 Bikini Atoll nuclear tests, the "Half Moon" Joint Emergency War Plan developed in May 1948 proposed dropping 50 atomic bombs on twenty Soviet cities,: 68 with President Harry S. Truman approving "Half Moon" during the June 1948 Berlin Blockade,: 68–9 (Truman sent B-29s to Europe in July). SAC also ordered special ELINT RB-29s to detect improved Soviet radars and, in cooperation with the 51st Air Force Base Unit, SAC also monitored radioactive fallout from Soviet atomic testing on Novaya Zemlya.
In terms of overall Air Force basing and infrastructure, SAC continued to acquire an ever-increasing share of USAF infrastructure and the USAF associated budget. In 1947, before the USAF was established as an independent service, construction commenced on Limestone AAF, Maine (later renamed Loring AFB), a new SAC installation specifically designed to accommodate the B-36 Peacemaker. Fort Dix AAF, New Jersey (later McGuire AFB); Spokane AAF, Washington (later Fairchild AFB); and Wendover Field, Utah (later Wendover AFB) were also transferred to SAC between 30 April and 1 September 1947. Following the establishment of the USAF as a separate service, SAC bases in the United States consisted of:
Those bases subsequently added to SAC in the United States included:
In addition to bases under its operational control, SAC also maintained tenant wings at several bases under the control of other USAF MAJCOMs. These non-SAC bases with SAC tenants included:
SAC also often maintained a tenant presence at former SAC bases that the command subsequently transferred and relinquished to other MAJCOMs, to include but not limited to:
SAC transferred to the United States Air Force on 26 September 1947, concurrent with the latter's establishment as a separate military service. Units directly under SAC HQ included the 8AF and 15AF, as well as the 311th Air Division, 4th Fighter Wing, 82nd Fighter Wing, 307th Bomb Wing, and two reconnaissance units, the 311th Reconnaissance Wing and the 46th Reconnaissance Squadron. The 56th Fighter Wing was subsequently assigned to SAC on 1 October 1947.
Following the establishment of the U.S. Air Force, most SAC installations on U.S. territory were renamed as "Air Force Base" during late 1947 and into 1948, while non-U.S. installations were renamed as "Air Base".
In May 1948, in an exercise versus Air Defense Command's "Blue" force, a SAC "Red" strike force simulated attacks on Eastern Seaboard targets as far south as Virginia.: 77 After a "scathing" 1948 Lindbergh review of SAC operations in the air and at six SAC bases, General Kenney was removed as Commanding General on 15 October 1948 and replaced on 19 October 1948 by 8AF's commander, Lieutenant General Curtis LeMay. Upon LeMay's assumption of command, SAC had only 60 nuclear-capable aircraft, none of which possessed a realistic long range capability against the Soviet Union.
The B-29D, which had become the B-50 in December 1945, was first delivered to SAC in June 1948. This was followed by SAC's first Convair B-36 Peacemaker bomber arriving at Kirtland AFB, New Mexico in September 1948.
In November 1948, LeMay had SAC's headquarters and its command post moved from Andrews AFB, Maryland to Offutt AFB, Nebraska. At Offutt, the command moved into the "A Building", a three-story facility that had previously been used by the Glenn L. Martin Company during World War II. Concurrent with the establishment of this new headquarters facility, Lemay also increased SAC Radar Bomb Scoring (RBS) runs the same year to 12,084. SAC also enhanced its organic fighter escort capability by initiating replacement of its World War II vintage piston-engine F-51D Mustang and F-82E Twin Mustang fighter aircraft with F-84G Thunderjets.
In January 1949, SAC conducted simulated raids on Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio. Assessments of these simulated raids by "...LeMay's entire command...were appalling", despite the SAC deputy commander, Major General McMullen, having instructed all bomber units to improve their effectiveness. To motivate crews and improve operational effectiveness command-wide, SAC established a competition, the first so-called "Bomb Comp" in 1948. Winners of this inaugural event were the 43rd Bombardment Group (unit) and, for aircrew award, a B-29 team from the 509th Bombardment Group.
Given its global operating environment, SAC also opened its own survival school at Camp Carson, Colorado in 1949, later moving this school to Stead AFB, Nevada in 1952 before transferring the school to the Air Training Command in 1954.
SAC also created Emergency War Plan 1–49 (EWP 1–49), which outlined the means for delivering 133 atomic bombs, "...the entire stockpile...in a single massive attack..." on 70 Soviet cities over a 30-day period.
The first Soviet atomic bomb test occurred on 29 August 1949 and the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) subsequently identified SAC's primary objective was to damage or destroy the Soviet Union's ability to deliver nuclear weapons. The JCS further defined SAC's secondary objective was to stop any Soviet advances into Western Europe, and its tertiary objective was the previous EWP 1–49 industrial mission.
In July 1950, in response to combat operations on the Korean peninsula, SAC dispatched ten nuclear-capable bombers to Guam and deployed four B-29 bomber wings in Korea for tactical operations, although this action caused SAC commander LeMay to comment "...too many splinters were being whittled off the [deterrence] stick".
Initial SAC B-29 successes against North Korea in the summer of 1950 were countered by subsequent Soviet MiG-15 fighter-interceptors, and SAC's 27th Fighter Escort Wing began escorting the bombers with F–84 Thunderjets. Ground-directed bombing (GDB) was subsequently used for close air support (CAS) missions after three SAC radar bomb scoring (RBS) squadron detachments (Dets C, K, & N) arrived at Pusan in September 1950. In 1951, SAC "began to eliminate its combat groups", transferring medium bombardment groups "to Far East Air Forces (FEAF) Bomber Command for combat." In 1951, LeMay convinced the Air Staff to allow SAC to approve nuclear targets,: 18 and he continued refusing to submit war plans for JCS review, which the JCS eventually came to accept: 37 (of 20,000 candidates in 1960, SAC designated 3,560 as bombing targets—mostly Soviet air defense: airfields and suspected missile sites.): 60
Although experimented with prior to World War II, SAC refined aerial refueling to a fine art. SAC's in-flight refueling mission began in July 1952 when its 31st Fighter-Escort Wing refueled sixty F-84G Thunderjets from Turner AFB, Georgia to Travis AFB, California non-stop with fuel from twenty-four KB-29P Superfortresses modified into aerial tankers. Exercise FOX PETER ONE followed with 31st FEW fighters being refueled Hickam AFB en route to Hawaii.
On 15 March 1953, a 38th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron RB-50 returned fire on a Soviet MiG-15, while a 343d Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron RB-50 was shot down over the Sea of Japan 2 days after the Korean Armistice, while on 7 November 1954, an RB-29 was shot down near Hokkaido Island in northern Japan. By the time of 27 July 1953 Korean War cease-fire, SAC B-29s had flown over 21,000 sorties and dropped nearly 167,000 tons of bombs, with thirty-four B-29s lost in combat and forty-eight B-29s were lost to damage or crashes.
SAC's first jet strategic bomber was the swept-wing B-47 medium bomber, which first entered service in 1951 and became operational within SAC in 1953. The B-47 was a component of the October 1953 New Look strategy, which articulated, in part, that: "...to minimize the threat...the major purpose of air defense was not to shoot down enemy bombers—it was to allow SAC...to get into the air[--and] not be destroyed on the ground[--to allow] massive retaliation.".
Concern of a bomber gap grew after the 1955 Soviet Aviation Day and the Soviets rejected the "Open Skies" Treaty proposed at the Geneva Summit on 21 July 1955. US bomber strength peaked with "over 2,500 bombers" after production "of over 2,000 B-47s and almost 750 B-52s" (circa 1956, 50% of SAC aircraft & 80% of SAC bombers were B-47s).: 104
In an effort to concurrently enhance it reconnaissance capabilities, SAC also received several RB-57D Canberra aircraft in April 1956, with the aircraft initially based at Turner AFB, Georgia. In 1957, these aircraft were forward deployed to Rhein-Main Air Base, West Germany, in order to conduct reconnaissance missions along the borders of the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact nations. However, an unintended consequence of this deployment was that Hawker Hunter fighters of the Royal Air Force stationed in the United Kingdom and in continental Europe often intercepted these classified RB-57 missions as they returned to Rhein-Main AB from over the Baltic.
Since it was designed as a medium bomber, SAC's B-47 Stratojet traded speed for range. Because of this shorter range, and in order to better enable the B-47 fleet to reach its target sets in the Soviet Union, SAC routinely deployed its US-based B-47 wings to overseas forward operating bases in North Africa, Spain and Turkey. This program, in effect from 1957 to 1966, was known as "Reflex" with Sixteenth Air Force (16AF), a SAC numbered air force permanently stationed in Europe, having tactical and administrative control of the forward-deployed aircraft and units.
Beginning in 1955, SAC also moved a portion of its bomber and aerial refueling aircraft to 24-hour alert status, either on the ground or airborne. By 1960, fully one third of SAC's bombers and aerial refueling aircraft were on 24-hour alert, with those crews and aircraft not already airborne ready to take off from designated alert sites at their respective bases within fifteen minutes. Bomber aircraft on ground alert were armed with nuclear weapons while aerial tanker aircraft were sufficiently fueled to provide maximum combat fuel offload to the bombers.
Concurrent with this increased alert posture and in order to better hone strategic bombing skillsets, the 1955 SAC Bombing and Navigation Competition was characterized by radar bomb scoring (RBS) runs on Amarillo, Denver, Salt Lake City, Kansas City, San Antonio and Phoenix; and the 1957 competition (nicknamed "Operation Longshot") had three targets: Atlanta, Kansas City, and St. Louis. This use of RBS with simulated target areas utilizing mobile and fixed bomb scoring sites adjacent to major cities, industrial areas, military installations and dedicated bombing ranges throughout the United States. This format would continue through successive SAC Bombing and Navigation Competitions through the remainder of the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. Commencing in the late 1950s, in addition to representation from every SAC wing with a bombing and/or air refueling mission, later SAC competitions would also include participating bomber and aerial refueling units from the Royal Air Force's Bomber Command and (after 30 April 1968) its successor, RAF Strike Command.
It was described as the "Western Pentagon," specifically a, "...four-story, reinforced concrete and masonry office building..." above ground and a "...segregated, adjacent three-story below ground command post." This was the description of what would become Building 500 at Offutt AFB and the new headquarters complex built expressly for SAC, with construction commencing in 1955. SAC headquarters moved from the A Building at Offutt AFB to Building 500 in 1957. The underground nuclear bunker had 24-inch thick walls and base floor, 10-inch thick intermediate floors, and 24-to-42-inch thick roof. It also contained a war room with six 16-foot data display screens and the capacity to sustain up to 800 people underground for two weeks. The below ground bunker portion of the headquarters complex also contained an IBM 704 computer, which was used to develop monthly weather forecasts at targets, as well as for computing fuel consumption and fallout cloud patterns for planning strike routes and egress routes (e.g., determining the timing as to which targets to bomb first).
In 1957, SAC also constructed The Notch, a facility alternatively known as the 8th Air Force Combat Operations Center (COC) and the Westover Communications Annex, since it was a sub-post of nearby Westover AFB. A 3-story nuclear bunker located on Bare Mountain, Massachusetts, The Notch was built with three-foot thick walls, 1.5 foot thick steel blast doors, and 20 feet underground to protect 350 people for 35 days. The Notch was shut down as a SAC facility in 1970 when 8th Air Force was relocated to Barksdale AFB, Louisiana.
Despite this investment in "hardened" headquarters and command and control facilities, the 1957 Gaither Commission identified, "...little likelihood of SAC's bombers surviving [a Soviet first strike] since there was no way to detect an incoming attack until the first [Soviet nuclear weapon] warhead landed." As a result, SAC's bombers and tankers began sitting armed ground alert at their respective bases on 1 Oct 57.
In another organizational change during this time period, SAC's fighter escort wings were transferred to Tactical Air Command (TAC) during 1957 and 1958. Finally, during January 1958's Exercise Fir Fly, SAC "faker" aircraft (twelve B-47s) simulated bombing strikes against metropolitan areas and military installations in the United States defended by Air Defense Command's 28th Air Division.
After SAC's 1st Missile Division was activated on 18 March 1957, SAC HQ established the Office of Assistant CINCSAC (SAC MIKE) at the Air Force Ballistic Missile Division in California on 1 January 1958. SAC MIKE was responsible for missile development liaison, the intermediate range Jupiter and Thor missiles having been transferred to SAC for alert in 1958.
Beginning on 1 February 1958, a SAC Liaison Team was also located at the NORAD Command Post at Ent AFB, Colorado, and the two commands agreed that direct land line communications should connect SAC bases with NORAD's Air Defense Direction Centers. Also in the late 1950s, SAC continued to enhance its intelligence collection activities and develop innovative means of improving the survivability of its forces to surprise attack. From 1958–c. 1967, a SAC Detachment (TUSLOG Det 50) operated at Incirlik AB, Turkey, monitoring Soviet missile telemetry from the Kapustin Yar and Tyuratam launch complexes, while in 1959, SAC's Operation Big Star studied, prototyped and evaluated the potential of deploying of Minuteman I ICBMs on civilian railroad tracks via USAF-operated locomotives and trains.
President Eisenhower approved the first Atlas ICBM launch by a SAC crew for 9 September 1959 at Vandenberg AFB.
While missile operations continued to ramp up, robust training for flight crews to ensure survivability for strike missions also continued. In some instances SAC bombers would oppose ADC fighter-interceptors simulating Soviet interceptors. Conversely, SAC assisted ADC readiness by simulating Soviet bomber threats to the continental United States that ADC fighters would respond to. However, following a mid-air collision between an ADC F-102 and a SAC B-47 during a 17 December 1959 Quick Kick exercise, simulated NORAD fighter attacks were prohibited against SAC bombers.: 63
On 18 March 1960, SAC intercontinental missiles began alert at Maine's Snark Missile Launch Complex adjacent to Presque Isle AFB. The following month, on 22 April 1960, SAC turned over the last British-based PGM-17 Thor IRBM to the Royal Air Force. This was soon followed by SAC's first Titan I ICBMs at Lowry AFB's Titan I Missile Complex 1A in Colorado being placed on alert that June.
Beginning in November 1959, in order to counter Soviet surface-to-air missile threats, SAC began adding low-altitude bombing training for its manned bomber force as an adjunct to its legacy high-altitude training. Use of low level flight route corridors known as "Oil Burner" routes (later renamed "Olive Branch" routes in the 1970s), and the first of three SAC RBS trains were utilized starting in 1960. On 30 June 1960, SAC had 696 aircraft on alert in the Zone of Interior, also known as the ZI (referred to today as the Continental United States, or CONUS) and at overseas bases. These 696 aircraft were 113 B-52s, 346 B-47s, 85 KC-135s, and 152 KC-97s. SAC's Emergency War Order (EWO) required the first aircraft to be airborne within 8 minutes and all aircraft to be airborne within 15 minutes after notification.
During the mid-1950s, having recalled numerous World War II USAAF and Korean War USAF combat veteran pilots, navigators, bombardiers and aircrewmen from inactive reserve status back to various lengths of active duty, SAC took the lead in integrating the Air Force's reserve components into the overall SAC structure. By the beginning of the 1960s, SAC had also engineered the assignment of KC-97 Stratofreighter aerial refueling aircraft to Air National Guard groups and wings and having them fall under SAC's operational claimancy.
On 11 August 1960, President Eisenhower approved the creation of the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff (JSTPS), co-located at SAC headquarters at Offutt AFB.) JSTPS also included non-SAC agencies tasked with preparing the Single Integrated Operation Plan, or SIOP, and the National Strategic Target List for nuclear war.: 62
On 1 July 1960, a SAC RB-47 with a six-man crew was shot down in international airspace over the Barents Sea by a Soviet MiG-19. Four of the crewmen were killed and two surviving crewmen were captured and held in Lubyanka Prison in Moscow for seven months.
On 3 February 1961, SAC's Boeing EC-135 Looking Glass, began operations as the Airborne Command Post for the Nuclear Triad and the Post-Attack Command and Control System. From this date and for the next 29+1⁄2 years, until 24 July 1990, SAC would maintain at least one Looking Glass aircraft continuously aloft 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, with an embarked SAC general officer and battle staff, ready to assume command of all strategic nuclear strike forces in the event that SAC headquarters was destroyed in a Soviet first strike.
SAC's airborne alerts during this period also included Operation Chrome Dome for the bomber and tanker force. Although ostensibly a peacetime mission, Chrome Dome placed heavy demands on flight crews and five B-52 aircraft were lost to airborne mishaps during the operation's eight-year period.
On 11 May 1961, SAC took delivery of its first B-58 Hustler supersonic medium bomber, assigning it to the 305th Bombardment Wing at Bunker Hill AFB. Optimized for high-altitude, high-speed penetration into Soviet territory prior to Soviet advancements in high-altitude surface-to-air missiles, the B-58 was expensive to operate and inefficient at lower altitudes. Its service in SAC would be comparatively short, eventually being replaced by the FB-111 by 1970.
After an early 1961 development by SAC of a Radar Bomb Scoring (RBS) field kit for use in the U.S. Army's Nike surface-to-air missile systems, SAC aircraft flew several mock penetrations into Air Defense Command sectors in the 1961 SAGE/Missile Master test program, as well as the joint SAC-NORAD Sky Shield II exercise followed by Sky Shield III on 2 September 1962.
In 1961, following the Berlin Crisis, President John F. Kennedy increased the number of SAC aircraft on alert to 50 percent and during periods of increased tensions SAC kept some B-52 airborne in the event of a surprise attack.
In 1962, SAC gained full control of the various "Q Areas" developed by Sandia Laboratories for nuclear weapon storage adjacent to Loring AFB (Site E (Maine)/Caribou AFS), Ellsworth AFB (Site F (South Dakota)/Rushmore AFS), Fairchild AFB (Site G (Washington)/Deep Creek AFS), Travis AFB (Site H (California)/Fairfield AFS), and Westover AFB (Site I (Massachusetts)/Stony Brook AFS). These adjunct sites were subsequently converted to USAF-operated and maintained weapon storage areas (WSAs) in the same manner as WSAs on other SAC bases.
The solid fuel LGM-30A Minuteman I was first deployed in 1962 and the LGM-25C Titan II reached operational service in 1963. Project Added Effort phased out all first-generation ICBMs beginning on 1 May 1964 when Atlas-D were taken off alert at Vandenberg AFB's 576th SMS (LGM-30F Minuteman II replaced Minuteman I in 1965).
In October 1962, an SAC BRASS KNOB mission U-2 piloted by Major Richard S. Heyser detected Soviet intermediate range ballistic missiles in Cuba. BRASS KNOB operations involving multiple U-2 aircraft were subsequently commenced at a forward operating location at McCoy AFB, Florida the same month. On the morning of 27 October, a SAC RB-47H of the 55th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing, forward deployed to Kindley AFB, Bermuda crashed on takeoff, killing all four crewmembers, while later that afternoon, a 4028th Strategic Reconnaissance Squadron U-2 forward deployed to McCoy AFB for BRASS KNOB operations was shot down over Cuba by an SA-2 Guideline missile, killing the pilot, Major Rudolf Anderson.
Throughout the early 1960s, the Kennedy Administration, under the aegis of Secretary of Defense McNamara, cancelled numerous SAC modernization programs. This included the Mach 3 North American B-70 Valkyrie in 1961, the GAM-87 Skybolt missile in 1962, and the Rocky Mountain Deep Underground Support Center in 1963. The B-70's demise came due to its design as a high-altitude bomber with very limited low-altitude performance, making it vulnerable to rapid advances in Soviet high altitude surface-to-air missile defense systems. The following year, Skybolt, an air-launched ballistic missile, was cancelled following numerous test failures and the perceived greater reliability of land-based and submarine-based ballistic missile systems. Although initially entering service in 1957, SAC's 2nd-generation aerial refueling aircraft, the KC-135 Stratotanker, had reached sufficient inventory numbers to allow SAC to begin divestiture of its KC-97 Stratofreighter tankers, transferring them to SAC-gained Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard units. As the KC-135 became the primary aerial tanker in active service, SAC employed the aircraft for several non-stop B-52 and KC-135 flights around the world, demonstrating that SAC no longer needed to depend on Reflex stations at air bases in Spain and Britain.): 108
After the Secretary of Defense rejected LeMay's November 1964 proposal for a "...strategic air campaign against 94 targets in North Vietnam...", thirty SAC B-52Fs were deployed to Andersen AFB, Guam on 17 February 1965, representing the first increment of SAC aircraft forward deployed for the Vietnam War. The following month, in March 1965, the Strategic Air Command Advanced Echelon (SACADVON) was established as a "...liaison unit for CINCSAC [was] located at MACV Headquarters to assist with the B-52 effort."
On 23 May 1965, SAC B-52Fs began unarmed missions for radar mapping "...and later to test bombing with the assistance of ground homing beacons..." SAC began saturation bombing on 18 June 1965 (8000 tons per month in 1966) and conducted Operation Arc Light missions from 1965 until the end of hostilities involving U.S. forces in 1973.
All B-52F missions in 1965 were against targets in South Vietnam (RVN) except for the December "...Duck Flight mission [that] hit a suspected VC supply storage area [for which] part of the target box was in Laos.": 121 In April 1966, Vietnam operations began with the B-52D model, a 1956 model designed to use the AGM-28 Hound Dog cruise missile and the ADM-20 Quail aerial decoys for low altitude operations and modified in late 1965 by Project Big Belly to increase conventional bomb capacity.
SAC's RBS Squadrons were discontinued when most detachment personnel transferred to Vietnam from 1966 to 1973 for Combat Skyspot ground-directed bombing operations. The first "Quick Reaction" bombing was the "Pink Lady" mission on 6 July 1966 using SAC B-52D/Fs to support the U.S. Army's 1st Air Cavalry Division.: 186 The 1972 Operation Linebacker II also used Skyspot for Hanoi/Haiphong bombings in North Vietnam which resulted in the loss of 25 SAC aircrew members.
By May 1967, SACADVON had moved to Seventh Air Force headquarters at Tan Son Nhut Air Base, South Vietnam to schedule and coordinate "...strikes for the 7th AF and MACV." From a level of 161,921 military and 20,215 civilian assigned to SAC in June 1968, SAC lost 13,698 first term airmen from November 1968 to May 1969 in a three phase drawdown known as Project 693 to comply with Public Law 90-364.
While conventional bombing, air refueling and strategic air reconnaissance operations in Southeast Asia increasingly occupied SAC's operational commitments, SAC's primary mission of nuclear deterrence continued to remain its primary focus. In 1969, "...SAC's B-52s and B-58s could carry B28, B41, B43, B53, and BA53 nuclear weapons" (SAC had 311 nuclear AGM-28 Hound Dog missiles at the end of the year.): 6 This also coincided with the B-58 Hustler's in-progress retirement from SAC's active inventory and its replacement with the FB-111.
On 18 March 1969, along the South Vietnamese border, SAC first bombed Cambodia (Operation Menu through 26 May 1970 was controlled by Skyspot). On 17 February 1970, SAC conducted the first "GOOD LOOK" bombing of Laos at the Plaine des Jarres after B-52 photorecon missions ("GOOD LOOK ALPHA" in August 1969 and "GOOD LOOK BRAVO" c. 15 January 1970) and the observations of a Skyspot installation in Thailand.: 19 SAC transferred "...HQ 8th AF...to Andersen AFB, Guam on 1 April 1970 to oversee B-52D/G operations and to complement SACADVON". 8th AF took over from Third Air Division the generation of "frag" orders based on daily strike requests and amendments from COMUSMACV.
In 1970, SAC deployed the LGM-30G Minuteman III ICBM with multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle or MIRVs, for striking 3 targets, while concurrently retiring the B-58 Hustler supersonic bomber.
1972 saw the commencement of Operation Linebacker II, a combined Seventh Air Force and U.S. Navy Task Force 77 aerial bombing campaign, conducted against targets in North Vietnam during the final period of US involvement in the Vietnam War. Linebacker II was conducted from 18 to 29 December 1972, leading to several informal names such as "The December Raids" and "The Christmas Bombings". Unlike the previous Operation Rolling Thunder and Operation Linebacker interdiction operations, Linebacker II would be a "maximum effort" bombing campaign to destroy major target complexes in the Hanoi and Haiphong areas which could only be accomplished by SAC B-52D/Gs. It saw the largest heavy bomber strikes launched by the U.S. Air Force since the end of World War II. Linebacker II was a modified extension of the Operation Linebacker bombings conducted from May to October 1972, with the emphasis of the new campaign shifted to attacks by B-52 Stratofortress heavy bombers rather than smaller tactical fighter aircraft. During Linebacker II, a total of 741 B-52D/G sorties were dispatched from bases in Thailand and Guam to bomb North Vietnam and 729 actually completed their missions. Overall SAC losses during Linebacker II numbered fifteen B-52s. The U.S. government claimed that the operation had succeeded in forcing North Vietnam's Politburo to return to the negotiating table, with the Paris Peace Accords signed shortly after the operation.
By early 1973, offensive SAC air operations in Southeast Asia ceased and numerous SAC aircrewmen who had been shot down and captured as prisoners of war by North Vietnam were repatriated to the United States.
SAC aircraft used during the Vietnam War included B-52D, B-52F, B-52G, KC-135A, KC-135Q, various versions of the RC-135, SR-71, U-2, and EC-135.
During the Vietnam War, due to the escalating costs of combat operations in Southeast Asia, SAC was required to close several SAC bases, consolidate other bases, or transfer several bases to other MAJCOMs, other services, or the Air Reserve Component in order to remain within budgetary constraints. This included:
With the Vietnam War draw-down following the Paris Peace Treaty in 1973, reduced defense budgets forced SAC to inactivate several more wings, close still more bases in CONUS and Puerto Rico, transfer still additional bases to other MAJCOMS or the Air Reserve Component, and retire older B-52B, B-52C, B-52E and B-52F aircraft:
In 1973, the National Emergency Airborne Command Post, or NEACP, aircraft entered SAC's inventory. Consisting of four Boeing E-4 aircraft, these highly modified Boeing 747 airframes were assigned to the 55th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing at Offutt AFB and were forward deployed as necessary to support the National Command Authority.
By 1975, SAC's manned bomber strength included several hundred B-52D, B-52G, B-52H and FB-111A aircraft, and "...SAC's first major exercise in 23 years" was Exercise Global Shield 79. As for the ICBM force, SAC reached a peak strength of 1000 Minuteman II and III and 54 Titan II ICBMs on active status before seeing reductions and retirements through a combination of obsolescing systems and various arms reduction treaties with the Soviet Union.
By 1977, SAC had been pinning its hopes for a new manned strategic bomber in the form of the Rockwell B-1A Lancer. However, on 30 June 1977, President Jimmy Carter Carter announced that the B-1A would be canceled in favor of ICBMs, submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), and a fleet of modernized B-52s armed with air-launched cruise missiles (ALCMs).
On 1 December 1979, SAC assumed control of the ballistic missile warning system (BMEWS) and all Space Surveillance Network facilities from the inactivating Aerospace Defense Command (ADC). These activities would later be (transferred to Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) when the latter was established in 1982. SAC also continued to operate the Air Force's entire KC-135 aerial refueling fleet, its EC-135 LOOKING GLASS and E-4 NEACAP command post aircraft, as well the entire strategic reconnaissance aircraft fleet consisting of the U-2, SR-71, RC-135, and WC-135.
In 1981, SAC received a new air refueling tanker aircraft to supplement the aging KC-135 Stratotanker force. Based on the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 commercial airliner, the KC-10A Extender was deployed equipped with improved military avionics, aerial refueling, and satellite communications equipment. That same year, President Ronald Reagan reversed the 1977 Carter administration decision regarding the B-1, directing that 100 examples of a refined version of the aircraft, now designated the B-1B Lancer, be procured as a long-range combat aircraft for SAC.
The LGM-118A Peacekeeper ICBM reached SAC in 1986, and the 114 Peacekeepers had a total warhead yield of about 342 megatons. This also served to offset the retirement of the obsolescent and maintenance-intensive LGM-25C Titan II ICBM, the last example of which was deactivated in May 1987. An additional underground "16,000 square-foot, two-story reinforced concrete" command post for HQ SAC was also constructed at Offutt AFB from 1986 to 1989 from a design by Leo A. Daly, who had designed the adjoining 1957 bunker. The first Rockwell B-1B Lancer was also delivered to SAC in 1987.
On 22 November 1988, the Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit, under development as the Advanced Technology Bomber (ATB), a so-called "black program" since 1979, was officially acknowledged and rolled out for the first time for public display. The first "stealth bomber" designed for SAC, the aircraft made its first flight in May 1989.
SAC reorganization at the end of the Cold War began as early as 1988 when the Carlucci Commission planned the closure of:
The closures were the beginning of a post-Cold War process that would later become known as Base Realignment and Closure or BRAC. Although Mather AFB's navigator training mission would relocate to Randolph AFB, Texas, the Mather B-52G bomber/KC-135A tanker wing would inactivate and the AFRES KC-135 tanker group would relocate to nearby McClellan AFB, relocating again four years later to Beale AFB when another BRAC process would close McClellan AFB.
Concurrently, the Pease AFB bomber/tanker wing would lose its FB-111 aircraft and transfer to Whiteman AFB, Missouri in preparation for transition to the B-2 Spirit while a portion of Pease would be transferred to the New Hampshire Air National Guard for its ANG KC-135 air refueling wing and be renamed Pease Air National Guard Base.
Additional closures and divestments of SAC bases would continue throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s, accelerating even more so as a result the START I Treaty's mandated elimination of both the entire B-52G fleet and the inactivation of all Minuteman II and Peacekeeper ICBMs, as well as the 1992 reorganization of the Air Force that disestablished SAC and dispersed its assets to other new or existing MAJCOMs, primarily ACC and AMC. In addition to closures of Mather AFB and Pease AFB, this would eventually include the following subsequent closure and realignment actions, primarily due to BRAC:
On 1 July 1989, the 1st Combat Evaluation Group reporting directly to SAC headquarters was split with most HQ 1CEVG organizations transferring to SAC HQ (e.g., the Command Instrument Flight Division) and RBS personnel, equipment, and radar stations becoming the 1st Electronic Combat Range Group. Airborne NEACP alerts ended in 1990 and during 1991's Operation Desert Storm to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi invasion and occupation, SAC bomber, tanker and reconnaissance aircraft flew operations (e.g., B-52s with conventional bombs and conventional warhead AGM-86 ALCMs) near Iraq from bases in Great Britain, Turkey, Cyprus, Diego Garcia, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.
Following Operation Desert Storm, the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the de facto end of the Cold War, President George H. W. Bush and Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney directed SAC to take all bomber and refueling aircraft and Minuteman II ICBMs off of continuous nuclear alert on 27 September 1991 and placing said aircraft on quick reaction ground alert.
The 31 May 1992 major reorganization of the USAF organizational structure subsequently disestablished SAC, moving its bomber, reconnaissance and aerial command post aircraft and all SAC ICBMs, along with all Tactical Air Command aircraft, to the newly established Air Combat Command (ACC). The newly established Air Mobility Command (AMC) inherited most of SAC's KC-135 Stratotanker aircraft and the entire KC-10 Extender aerial refueling tanker force, while some KC-135s were reassigned directly to USAFE and PACAF, with one additional air refueling wing assigned to the Air Education and Training Command (AETC) as the KC-135 formal training unit.
Land-based ICBMs were later transferred from ACC to Air Force Space Command (AFSPC), while manned bombers remained in ACC. USAF nuclear forces in ACC and AFSPC were then combined with the United States Navy's Fleet Ballistic Missile submarine forces to form the United States Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM), which took over the SAC Headquarters complex at Offutt AFB.
In 2009, the entire land-based USAF ICBM force and that portion of the USAF manned bomber force that was still nuclear-capable, e.g., the B-2 Spirit and B-52 Stratofortress, was transferred to the newly established Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC), while the B-1 Lancer conventional bomber force remained in ACC. In 2015, these B-1 units were also transferred to Air Force Global Strike Command, which assumed responsibility for all current and future USAF bomber forces.
The SAC Museum located adjacent to Offutt AFB was moved in 1998 to a site near Ashland, Nebraska and renamed as the Strategic Air and Space Museum in 2001.
Organizations commemorating SAC include the Strategic Air Command Veterans Association, the SAC Society, the B-47 Stratojet Association, the B-52 Stratofortress Association, the FB-111 Association, the SAC Airborne Command Control Association, the Association of Air Force Missileers, the SAC Elite Guard Association and the Strategic Air Command Memorial Amateur Radio Club. After the Cold War, SAC histories included a 1996 almanac and a 2006 organizational history.
In 2009, the Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC) was activated with the lineage of Strategic Air Command. AFGSC, headquartered at Barksdale AFB, Louisiana, is one of two USAF component commands assigned to United States Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM). AFGSC currently consists of Eighth Air Force (8AF), responsible for the nuclear-capable manned heavy bomber force, and Twentieth Air Force (20AF), responsible for the ICBM force.
Strategic Air Command in the United Kingdom was among the command's largest overseas concentrations of forces, with additional forces under SAC's 16th Air Force at air bases in North Africa, Spain and Turkey during the 1950s and 1960s.
SAC "Provisional" wings were also located in Kadena AB, Okinawa and U-Tapao Royal Thai Navy Airfield / U-Tapao AB, Thailand during the Vietnam War
SAC also maintained bomber, tanker, and/or reconnaissance aircraft assets at the former Ramey AFB, Puerto Rico in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, and at Andersen AFB, Guam; RAF Mildenhall, RAF Fairford and RAF Alconbury in the United Kingdom; Moron AB, Spain; Lajes Field, Azores (Portugal); Diego Garcia, BIOT; and the former NAS Keflavik, Iceland through the 1990s.
SAC also conducted operations from RAF Fairford, RAF Alconbury and RAF Mildenhall in the United Kingdom, Moron AB in Spain, Lajes Field in the Azores (Portugal), RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus, Incirlik AB in Turkey, Diego Garcia in the British Indian Ocean Territory, and from multiple air bases in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates during the first Gulf War (Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm) from 1990 to 1991.
Chief, Missile Concept Division, Headquarters, Strategic Air Command
43. Richard H. Kohn and Joseph Harahan, eds., Strategic Air Warfare An Interview with Curtis E. LeMay, Leon W. Johnson, David A. Burchinal, and Jack J. Catton (Washington, D.C.: OAFH, 1988), 93. This account indicates that SAC needed five to six days to go pick up atomic weapons and fly to forward bases before launching atomic air strikes. Also in March 1946 only 27 B-29s were atomic capable. Nine bombs were available in 1946, 13 in 1947, and 50 in 1948. Atomic Energy Commission teams could prepare only two bombs each day by mid-1948 (p. 95). Rosenberg, 14. ... Vandenberg, sent the highly regarded Charles A. Lindbergh to inspect six SAC bases. Lindbergh spent more than one thousand hours in the air with SAC crews. His September 1948 report cited low standards of professionalism, poor morale, low proficiency, personnel disruptions, and command training policies that "seriously interfered with training in the primary mission of the atomic squadrons."5
In November 1945, General Dwight D. Eisenhower became Army Chief of Staff. One of General Eisenhower's first actions was to appoint a board of officers, headed by Lieutenant General W. H. Simpson, to prepare a definitive plan for the reorganization of the Army and the Air Force that could be effected without enabling legislation and would provide for the separation of the Air Force from the Army.
Abilene Army Air Field, Texas... Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico Andrews Field...Maryland... Arlington Auxiliary #4... Avon Park Army Air Field, Florida Bolling Field, Washington, D. C. ... Caddo Mills Auxiliary #1... Cash, Texas, Auxiliary #2... Castle Field...California Center Auxiliary #2, Parma, New Mexico... Chico Army Air Field, California... Clovis Army Air Field, New Mexico Davis-Monthan Field...Arizona Deming Army Air Field, New Mexico... Dow Field...Maine Fairmont Army Air Field, Nebraska (sub-base of Grand Island Army Air Field, Nebraska) Fort Sumner Army Airfield, New Mexico... Fort Worth Army Air Field, Texas Geiger Field, Washington... Gowen Army Air Field, Idaho... Grand Island Army Air Field, Nebraska Great Bend Army Air Field, Kansas... Greensboro-Highpoint Army Air Field...North Carolina... Greensboro Oversea Replacement Depot (ORD)...North Carolina... Grenier Army Air Field...New Hampshire Harvard Army Air Field, Nebraska... Headquarters Area, Colorado Springs, Colorado Kearney Army Air Field, Nebraska Kearns Oversea Replacement Depot (ORD)...Utah... Kirtland Army Air Field...New Mexico La Junta Army Air Field, Colorado... Las Animas Auxiliary #2, Colorado... MacDill Army Air Field, Tampa, Florida Majors Field, Texas... McCook Army Air Field, Nebraska... Mountain Home Army Air Field, Idaho... Oscoda Army Air Field, Michigan... Peterson Field...Colorado Pratt Army Air Field, Kansas... Pueblo Army Air Base, Colorado... Rapid City Army Air Field...South Dakota Richmond Army Air Base, Virginia... Rocky Ford Auxiliary #1, Colorado... Roswell Army Air Base, New Mexico Roswell Auxiliary #3, New Mexico... Salt Lake City Army Air Field...Utah... Selfridge Army Air Field...Michigan Seymour-Johnson Field...North Carolina Sioux City Army Air Field, Iowa... Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota Smoky Hill Army Air Field, Salina, Kansas South Auxiliary #1, Deming, New Mexico... South Sulphur Auxiliary #3, Texas... Tonopah Army Air Field...Nevada... Walla Walla Army Air Field, Washington.
With the activation of the 8th Air Force the demand for radar bomb scoring training increased greatly. The 263rd was relieved from assignment to 15th Air Force and assigned directly to Headquarters Strategic Air Command.
Startup – 1944 – 1946. SAC is formed. Assigned 15th Air Force. First 10 Bomb Groups. 8 inactivated.
Radar bomb scoring began in 1946 with 888 bomb releases for the year against a site in the[verification needed] San Diego
The first six B-36s arrived at Sidi Slimane, another SAC base built in French Morocco, in early December 1951, completing their 5,000-mile training flight from Carswell Air Force Base ... SAC built approximately 50 to 60 of its second generation bomber maintenance hangars at approximately 46 Air Force installations in the U.S. and internationally between 1952 and 1955
Flight Engineer Training [was a] Mather-based program transferred to Strategic Air Command in early 1947 ... [a] flight engineer rating [required] successfully complet[ing] flying training in SAC [after] February 1947, and within several months ATC transferred the B-29s to SAC. ... Geiger Field transferred to Strategic Air Command as of 15 September. [ATC also] transferred a Geiger subpost, Fort George E. Wright, to Strategic Air Command on 16 July.(the fort had SAC's RBS Detachment D by 1950.)
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To help meet the threat of the Soviet-built MiG–15 fighter in Korea, the USAF diverted Strategic Air Command's 27th FEW with its F–84 Thunderjets to the Far East instead of sending it as planned to England. In early December 1950, the wing established a rear echelon at Itazuke, Japan and took its F–84s to Taegu AB, South Korea. Less than two months later, fearful that Chinese ground forces would overrun United Nations jet bases in South Korea, Fifth Air Force withdrew the 27th FEW to Japan. The wing continued combat operations from Japan until the 136th FBW replaced it in late June 1951.
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Creation of the new command was achieved by redesignating Headquarters Continental Air Forces ... 1958...1 January Headquarters SAC established the Office of Assistant CINCSAC (SAC MIKE) at Inglewood, California. This position was designated to serve as an extenstion of Headquarters SAC and was responsible for working closely with the Air Force Ballistic Missile Division ... 1958...17 June The Air Force accepted delivery of the first Titan I ICBM from the Martin Company, formerly the Glenn L Martin Aircraft Company. ... 1959...8 June First SAC launch of a Quail missile. The launch took place over the Eglin Gulf Test Range. ... 1961...4 August Work was completed on all three Titan I ICBM complexes at the 724th Strategic Missile Squadron, Lowry AFB, Colorado, and they were turned over to the Strategic Air Command by the Army Corps of Engineers. ... 1961 ... 7 December Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara canceled the Mobile Minuteman development program. ... 1966 ... 1 July Headquarters SAC organized a special agency, Ballistic Missile Evaluation (BME), to evaluate and make formal reports to the Joint Chiefs of Staff on the reliability and capability of the various SAC ICBM weapon systems. ... 1966...3–7 April The Strategic Air Command conducted its first missile combat competition. ... 17 April The first attempted launch of a Minuteman II ICBM by means of the Airborne Launch Control System (ALCS) ... 1969 ... 29 July The first flight-test of the SRAM was successful. The missile, launched from a B-52H, flew down the White Sands Missile Range and impacted in the target area. ... 1973 ... 9 January Operational testing and Evaluation (OT&E, nicknamed Bullet Blitz) of the SRAM from B-52 aircraft began at Holloman AFB, New Mexico.
Strategic Air Command will begin flying missions on 1 Jan. against simulated targets near Greenville, Miss. They will use a low-level entry point near Alto. ... Low level bombing and navigation training has been conducted against fixed sites under the code name "Oil Burner" since November 1959... The RBS train will carry about 65 Air Force personnel. ... The RBS Express...has 10 cars...consisting of existing U.S. Army stock from the Odgen General Depor
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Although LeMay had designated Deputy Commanders in other theaters (SACX-Ray, Zebra, Victor, Yoke, and Oboe) ... [Looking Glass] has authority when the National Command Authority is no longer there to push the button."63 ... SAC released balloons equipped with cameras in Norway, England, and Turkey, and retrieved them off the coast of Japan and Alaska... By presidential decree on 8 September 1955, Eisenhower announced that the ICBM would become America's chief focus in terms of the military arsenal.94
the Phase II and Phase III NORAD SAGE/ Missile Master [program] employing SAC and ADC aircraft [under] the NORAD Joint Test Force stationed at Stewart AFB.(cites Miller 1961)
Project "Added Effort", the Air Force nickname for the programmed phaseout of all first-generation ICBMs, began on 1 May 1964 when the first Atlas D's were taken off alert at the 576th Strategic Missile Squadron, Vandenberg AFB, California. ... SAC bubmitted a requirement to the Air Staff on 12 February 1959 calling for the first mobile Minuteman unit to be operational no later than January 1973....tests to be conducted, nicknamed "Operation Big Star." ... The Mobile Minuteman concept, Operation Big Star, test train rolls through the mountains of Utah in 1960.
Operational Concept of BUGLE NOTE
COMBAT SKYSPOT radar...controlled all Operation MENU missions.
[from SAC] transfer, on 1 July 1968, of Homestead AFB [and] Altus AFB ... The definition of CONUS was that used for the USAF program document, PD-70-3: the contiguous states... cuts were directed by USAF...to keep assignments within the strength and man-year ceilings established by the ... Secretary of Defense ... The overall reduction, directed by USAF, was known as Project 693 ...77 ... the 18th Strategic Aerospace Division (SAD) was discontinued on 2 July. ... SAC had 64 detachments at the end of FY-69, an increase of nine, offset by a reduction of three. One discontinued was Detachment 4, 1st Combat Evaluation Group (CEG), Oronogo, Missourie. It was the second detachment of the 1CEG to be inactivated in 1968.100 ... Scoring activity stopped on 15 December, the equipment was moved,105 and the detachment inactivated on 25 January.106 The other two reductions were Detachments 3 and 19, 3902nd Support Squadron, at Altus and Homestead AFBs, where Manpower Evaluation Teams were no longer required. ... 100. Det 13, Ellisville, Miss, discontinued 2 Jun 68; Hist SAC, Jan–Jun 68, pp. 14–17.
By June , after a year in the war zone, B-52s were dropping 8000 tons of bombs monthly in saturation raids on South Vietnam
The attack of February 24, 1968, killed 1 of the 1CEG personnel, while wounding 4 (myself among them.) Sgts Rose and Norman Thomas of SAC ADVON were also killed.
Strategic Air Command, denominated a specified command because...it came under the operational control of the JCS.24 ... Clifford had previously appointed a group, known as Project 693, to determine which programs to sacrifice when it became necessary.65 ... In late July, a special committee devising scenarios for T-Day, the day hostilities in Vietnam ended, posited that, depending on timing assumptions, anywhere between 30,000 troops and a two-division corps (about 60,000 personnel) might have to remain in South Vietnam indefinitely. ... Advanced Manned Strategic Aircraft (AMSA) ... McNamara test, 25 Jan 66, House Subcte No 2, HCAS, Hearing: Department of Defense Decision to Reduce the Number and Types of Manned Bombers in the Strategic Air Command, 6084.
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It seems that everyone and their dog is on Facebook these days — literally, some people make Facebook pages for their pets. The website has become so commonly used that the public is quick to have an opinion on any changes that are made to the user controls.
Avid Facebook user Christina Smith, freshman in pre-nursing, said she is a fan of the site, but some of the new features are more hassle than help. When Facebook chat was introduced in April 2008, according to The Facebook Blog, the public gave mixed feedback.
Smith said at first that she thought the chat feature was too similar to MSN chat, which made it “lame.”
Facebook has made more recent changes to the instant messaging feature, such as the combination of messaging and chatting. Chat messages are now archived in the message inbox, which has been seen as both positive or negative.
“I like that I can read back to messages from eighth grade, but the way that it’s set up blows up my inbox,” Smith said.
According to Smith, more popular features on Facebook, such as notifications and photos have, for the most part, undergone improvements. Users are alerted to any new notifications on the homepage, rather than on a separate page designated for notifications, as in years past.
“Notifications are more manageable now that they are condensed, rather than clicking on a notification and then having to go back to the notification page hoping you remembered where you left off,” Smith said.
On a social networking website, photo uploading serves an important role. Now on Facebook, the last five photos in which a person was tagged are in sequential order on a horizontal strip above the person’s wall. While some Facebook users have creatively utilized this feature by posting and tagging continuous photos of themselves, for example, eating a long sub sandwich, many times the photos are indicative of the last event or events a user attended.
As Smith joked, “Now instead of stalking someone, you can just kind of glance. You can see if they are worth Facebook stalking or not.”
While many Facebook users have strong opinions on the failures or successes of the site’s changes, others are more like Will Leonard, senior in architecture, who said he is perfectly content with the way the site is run.
“They are web designers — they know the idea of what’s happening down the road. The idea of Facebook was the idea of sharing social life online and they revolutionized it,” he said.
Since the professionals behind Facebook have created and designed such a well-known and heavily used website, Leonard said that as a patron of the site, he trusts the changes.
As an architecture student, Leonard relates the intent of the designers of Facebook to the intent of an architectural designer.
“Architects do it all the time, where they lead you down an experiential path,” Leonard said. “Imagine a bench by a window and you may not want to sit next to the window. But when you do, there may be a framed view and it was designed with intention for you to experience it. It was done with a purpose. Upon arriving at the window, you did not know the intention. With Facebook, I’m sure the changes they are making are for some future intention.”
The future of Facebook is yet to be revealed to the general public, so while it is unclear now whether changes are in the users’ best interests, the site will undoubtedly undergo many more makeovers whether we “like” them or not. | <urn:uuid:6d219ba4-7348-425b-8aba-015b7208b706> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kstatecollegian.com/2011/09/01/not-all-like-recent-facebook-changes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.965187 | 745 | 1.789063 | 2 |
When we consider the infinite variety of dreams, it is difficult to conceive that there could ever be a method or a technical procedure which would lead to an infallible result. It is, indeed, a good thing that no valid method exists, for otherwise the meaning of the dream would be limited in advance and would lose precisely that virtue which makes dreams so valuable for therapeutic purposes—their ability to offer new points of view.
The man who promises everything is sure to fulfil nothing, and everyone who promises too much is in danger of using evil means in order to carry out his promises, and is already on the road to perdition.
It is a fact that cannot be denied: the wickedness of others becomes our own wickedness because it kindles something evil in our own hearts.
The dream is a little hidden door in the innermost and most secret recesses of the soul, opening into that cosmic night which was psyche long before there was any ego-consciousness, and which will remain psyche no matter how far our ego-consciousness extends.
Resistance to the organized mass can be effected only by the man who is as well organized in his individuality as the mass itself. | <urn:uuid:a42dd1d5-e510-4d46-b2da-c3b3fcef5ccc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.magicalquote.com/book/civilization-in-transition/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.971543 | 241 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Description of Columbia Business School Video: Mobile technology has enriched and empowered individuals in the developing world in many ways, from better information on employment prospects to improved financial access. But what’s next for mobile? What are the cutting edge big data business models that provide information to address the needs of the poor?
Speakers: Alina Kogan ’12, Venture Lab of Accion; Keith Nalepka, Vice-president of Global Sales and Marketing at PharmaSecure; Shivani Siroya, CEO & Founder of InVenture; Camilo Tellez-Merchan, Financial Sector Specialist at CGAP-World Bank. Moderated by Scott Anderson, Managing Editor, Next Billion. | <urn:uuid:1c8b843b-9f5e-49d2-936c-41cca7c2828f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://universitywebinars.org/university-panel-on-frontiers-of-mobile-technology-platforms-and-big-data-at-columbia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.882727 | 142 | 1.84375 | 2 |
A biological father does not automatically obtain PR&Rs. Where children are born before 4 May 2006, and the father is not married to the child’s mother and does not marry the mother after the birth, despite being named as the child’s father on the child’s birth certificate, that father will not hold PR&Rs without obtaining an Order for PR&Rs from the Court or by entering into a PR&Rs Agreement.
Often, applying for family rights is an emotionally challenging process, particularly where the communication is adversarial.
At Kee Family Law, we can help review your case and assess best options to obtain parental rights and responsibilities as a father. If you have established PR&Rs and are looking for guidance in custody and child contact agreements, we can also assist.
Do I need Parental Rights & Responsibilities?
Parental Rights & Responsibilities are necessary to make key decisions in a child’s life, including, where they will live, on medical care, social upbringing, or to emigrate and also it is what gives you a right to a relationship with them. PR&Rs are essential in establishing a duty of care to any child.
I am a step-parent to a young child, how can I obtain parental rights?
As a step parent married to or in a civil partnership with either the mother of a child or a birth father with existing PR&Rs, you can obtain rights by establishing a formal agreement with both biological parents of the child. You can also apply for a Court Order to be granted rights directly if there is concern for a child. Courts will always focus on what is best for a child’s welfare.
What happens if more than 1 person has parental responsibilities but we don’t agree on a decision?
If all parties with PR&Rs cannot decide on what is best for the child then the Court can be requested to intervene and decide based on the facts available contributing to the best outcome for the child’s welfare. Our advise however is that this should also be a last resort and we are very experienced in negotiating disagreement on your behalf to hopefully reach an outcome that is in your child’s best interests without requiring to go to Court.
How can I remove my Parental Rights & Responsibilities?
Should you choose to relinquish your parental rights, you can apply for a Permanence Order which will revoke your rights and responsibilities in favour of another party. As always, the Court will apply execution of such an order with the best interests of the child in any decision.
Make A Free Enquiry
Kee Solicitors are a specialist family law firm and are here to help you with any questions. | <urn:uuid:0efdceba-dc35-4583-bfe7-e344c62d1245> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.keesolicitors.co.uk/solicitor-services/parental-rights | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.954588 | 558 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Three experiments examining repetition priming of personal names are reported. In each experiment, faces are used as prime stimuli and people's names as the test stimuli. Experiment 1 fails to demonstrate priming from faces to names when the same task - a familiar/unfamiliar judgement - is made in prime and test phases. Experiment 2 shows that priming is observed when the same semantic judgement (British/American) is made in prime and test phases. Experiment 3 shows that priming is observed when different semantic judgements (dead/ alive, British/American) are made at prime and test phase. These results suggest that transfer-appropriate processing cannot provide the sole account of repetition priming in person recognition. Instead, the results are interpreted in terms of a structural account of priming, embedded within an interactive activation and competition model of person recognition.
|Number of pages||15|
|Journal||Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology|
|Publication status||Published - Aug 1998| | <urn:uuid:167732c7-e076-495c-81b2-6dc9ce46ae5f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://research.bond.edu.au/en/publications/cross-domain-repetition-priming-in-person-recognition | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.867923 | 253 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Controlling moisture is essential for residential and commercial interiors. Humidity and dampness can cause huge damage that can sometimes be irreparable. Bare walls can be dangerous because they can attract humidity. Cover the walls and ceiling with waterproof PVC panels. These panels efficiently discourage the initial transfer of humidity to the wall interior and have other benefits. Simple insulation does not keep moisture away so dampness lingers on the walls. Trusscore panels are premium quality vinyl panels that have the power of controlling humidity through different mechanisms. The panels can repel the trapped moisture away from the walls.
100% waterproof trusscore vinyl panels
Trusscore PVC panels are 100% waterproof and made of pure vinyl. The panels have a smooth surface that does not attract mold or bacteria. The panels are manufactured using truss technology which is a combination of science and quality. The premium-quality panels are long-lasting and durable. The PVC panels are ASTM-certified, CFIA-certified and FDA-compliant. The manufacturers offer the finest quality vinyl panels. We have experience in catering to client requirements by offering customized PVC panels. Our solutions are used across many industries, including grow rooms, commercial kitchens, laboratories, fisheries, schools, hospitals, and more. Trusscore PVC panels are flexible, non-porous and recyclable.
Long-lasting PVC panels
PVC panels are long-lasting having a longer shelf-life. The panels do not require repairs for about 40-45 years. They can even last for more than 100-140 years. This means the panels are cost-effective in the long run. The durability of the vinyl panels adds up to the affordability aspect of vinyl panels. Trusscore panels are simple to install. One contractor can complete the installation within 7-8 hours. You do not require investing in any additional materials for the installation. Vinyl panels do not have backers, so the panels do not absorb moisture into the panels or the walls. It is worth installing PVC panels which costs a little more compared to all other panels.
Light-reflective PVC panels
Trusscore PVC panels are light-reflective and white. This gives a fresh, clean and spacious look to the interior. The panels can distribute the total reflected light equally which creates sufficient light. There is no need to install too many lights so you can cut off your energy bills.
Recyclable vinyl panels
Trusscore panels are resistant to fire, chemicals, and dirt, which includes animal waste. These panels can drain water easily giving a dry look. Trusscore panels are made using thermoplastic which is a recyclable material. The vinyl sheets are converted into micro pieces. The vinyl is refined and converted into its pure form. The panels are recyclable up to 7 times. They are eco-friendly and made from non-toxic material. We have a team of experts to customize panels based on your budget and requirements.
Refer to our website for more information related to vinyl panels. Request a quote and ask for your free sample. | <urn:uuid:a6379107-6a2b-4075-80c7-9306d7a6b179> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vinylwallpanels.com/the-salient-features-of-trusscore-pcv-panels-discussed/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.938801 | 627 | 1.71875 | 2 |
A growing demand for plant-based protein has seen a resurgence in the utilisation of pulses such as lentil and chickpea as a protein-rich substrate to produce food products traditionally based on animal or cereal protein. Additionally, pulses offer metabolic benefits due to the bioactivity of compounds including phenolic acids, simple and complex carbohydrates and a more complete amino-acid profile which is not found in cereal grains. However, there is an increasing concern in the formation of acrylamide in food which occurs when asparagine, an abundant amino acid found in pulses, forms a complex with the reducing sugars; glucose, fructose, and maltose. Recent studies in animal models have shown that acrylamide is carcinogenic and therefore is a concern for humans. High levels of acrylamide have been reported particularly in fried products, primarily due to the Maillard reaction which amplifies the formation of acrylamide. This study investigated the levels of acrylamide in bread, cookies, and extruded products prepared with wheat-lentil composite flour. Our research found that extrusion resulted in a significantly lower concentration of acrylamide compared to traditional baking. Additionally, increasing the amount of lentil within the composite significantly increased the net concentration of acrylamide for all bread, cookies and extrudate products. | <urn:uuid:4aa1d9f4-56ad-4fe9-8051-12654e387195> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/en/publications/impact-of-thermal-processing-on-levels-of-acrylamide-in-a-wheat-l | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.945323 | 271 | 3.28125 | 3 |
What if tomorrow morning you woke up to headlines that yet another Chinese drone bombing on U.S. soil killed several dozen ranchers in a rural community while they were sleeping? That a drone aircraft had come across the Canadian border in the middle of the night and carried out the latest of many attacks? What if it was claimed that many of the victims harbored anti-Chinese sentiments, but most of the dead were innocent women and children? And what if the Chinese administration, in an effort to improve its public image in the U.S., had approved an aid package to send funds to help with American roads and schools and promote Chinese values here?
Most Americans would not stand for it. Yet the above hypothetical events are similar to what our government is doing in Pakistan. Last week, Congress did approve an aid package for Pakistan for the stated purposes of improving our image and promoting democracy. I again made the point on the floor of the House that still no one seems to hear: What if this happened on U.S. soil? What if innocent Americans were being killed in repeated drone attacks carried out by some foreign force who was trying to fix our problems for us? Would sending money help their image? If another nation committed this type of violence and destruction on our homeland, would we be at all interested in adopting their values?
Sadly, one thing that has entirely escaped modern American foreign policy is empathy. Without much humility or regard for human life, our foreign policy has been reduced to alternately bribing and bombing other nations, all with the stated goal of "promoting democracy." But if a country democratically elects a leader who is not sufficiently pro-American, our government will refuse to recognize them, will impose sanctions on them, and will possibly even support covert efforts to remove them. Democracy is obviously not what we are interested in. It is more likely that our government is interested in imposing its will on other governments. This policy of endless intervention in the affairs of others is very damaging to American liberty and security.
If we were really interested in democracy, peace, prosperity, and safety, we would pursue more free trade with other countries. Free and abundant trade is much more conducive to peace because it is generally bad business to kill your customers. When one’s livelihood is on the line, and the business agreements are mutually beneficial, it is in everyone’s best interests to maintain cooperative and friendly relations and not kill each other. But instead, to force other countries to bend to our will, we impose trade barriers and sanctions. If our government really wanted to promote freedom, Americans would be free to travel and trade with whoever they wished. And if we would simply look at our own policies around the world through the eyes of others, we would understand how these actions make us more targeted and therefore less safe from terrorism. The only answer is get back to free trade with all and entangling alliances with none. It is our bombs and sanctions and condescending aid packages that isolate us. | <urn:uuid:f03185de-d798-48cd-8605-6babff6ff608> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://original.antiwar.com/paul/2009/10/05/instead-of-bombs-and-bribes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.975356 | 605 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Ambushes in Dallas and Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and other shootings around the country led to a sharp increase in the number of police killed in the line of duty this year.
From Jan. 1 through Wednesday, 135 officers lost their lives. Some died in traffic accidents, but nearly half were shot to death. That's a 56 percent increase in shooting deaths over the previous year.
Of the 64 who were fatally shot, 21 were killed in ambush attacks often fueled by anger over police use of force involving minorities, the highest figure in two decades, according to the study from the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund, which tracks data on the incidents.
"We've never seen a year in my memory when we've had an increase of this magnitude in officer shooting deaths," Craig Floyd, president and chief executive of the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund told the Associated Press. "These officers were killed simply because of the uniform they wear and the job they do. This is unacceptable to the humane society that we are."
The recent spike line-of-duty deaths has left many on the force uneasy, but criminologists say officers should not lose sight of longer-term trends, which show that shootings of police have declined dramatically since a high in the 1970s.
“These last eight months of police deaths have just been horrifying, and there’s nothing that compares, and nobody should downplay the deaths of those officers,” Professor Harris, who studies police behavior, told The Christian Science Monitor, following the July release of a midyear report from the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund. “But if the question is the long-term trend, you have to move beyond six months or even a year. If it continues, we should look at policies, it’s just that we can’t tell yet if we’re there.”
Even so, the apparent rise in ambushes of police officers is particularly troubling to many on the force.
In Dallas, a sniper on July 7 attacked at the end of what had been a peaceful rally against police brutality. He killed five law enforcement officers and wounded nine others – the largest death toll among law enforcement from a single event since the 9/11 attacks, which killed 72 officers. Months later, Dallas businesses and residents still display blue ribbons and banners declaring, "We support our Dallas police officers."
But even amid community support, the police department remains unsettled. Hundreds of officers have retired or left the force over the past six months as the city struggles to find a way to increase pay and save a failing police and fire pension system. Former Chief David Brown, who became a national figure in the aftermath, was among those who opted to retire. And interim Dallas Police Association president Frederick Frazier said that morale is "almost nonexistent."
"A lot of us are going through the motions at work. We're hoping things will get better with our struggle," he said. Mr. Frazier added that the attack was a "game changer. It changed the perception of law enforcement. It reversed the role after Ferguson. We were the pursuer and now, we're being pursued."
Less than two weeks after the Dallas attack, a lone gunman in Baton Rouge shot and killed three officers and wounded three others outside a convenience store in the weeks after a black man, 37-year-old Alton Sterling, was shot and killed by police during a struggle.
Baton Rouge Police Cpl. Lester Mitchell was partners with Matthew Gerald, one of the three slain officers, and was among the officers who raced to the scene of the shooting that also killed sheriff's deputy Brad Garafola and officer Montrell Jackson. Corporal Mitchell has daily reminders of the deadly shootout, driving past the scene on his way to police headquarters.
"Just passing there, you can't help but replay it over and over again," he said.
Mitchell said the shooting has made him more alert and aware of potential dangers on patrol, sometimes in situations that wouldn't have alarmed him before, like a hand in a pocket. "You learn to cope with it, because if you don't, you can drive yourself crazy," he said.
The National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund's Mr. Floyd said the impact of this year has been profound on law enforcement. Agencies are struggling to recruit officers to their ranks and those who continue to serve "talk about how their head is now on a swivel."
"They're always looking over their shoulder, always worrying about the next attack that could come at any time from any direction," Floyd said.
That was underscored by the slaying in November of a San Antonio detective who was fatally shot and killed outside police headquarters as he was writing a traffic ticket. The man accused of shooting him said he was angry about a child-custody battle and simply "lashed out at somebody who didn't deserve it."
This report contains material from Reuters. | <urn:uuid:457de76d-79e2-4113-bc64-e6072a249d9e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2016/1230/Police-ranks-falter-amid-rise-in-line-of-duty-deaths | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.981653 | 1,010 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Old Markham Village was officially renamed in 1828, originally titled Reesorville and settled in 1825, established by Mennonites from Upstate New York and Pennsylvania.
The village turns into a police village in 1931. A police village was a model of municipal government used in the province of Ontario. It was needed in cases where the finances or population of the area did not permit the creation of a village. In 1965, the Ontario Municipal Act was modified to prevent the creation of new police villages, and there is no longer any community in the province with this degree.
All of the communities which once have been police village have since been boosted into villages, towns or cities, or have been amalgamated into other municipalities. | <urn:uuid:b1246796-48e0-4b96-8ccc-55ea22bcee50> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://elocalpost.com/oshawa/contents/over-again-into-village-history | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.982168 | 150 | 3.234375 | 3 |
The City of Maple Ridge is located within the northeastern sector of Greater Vancouver between the Fraser River and the Golden Ears. As a city with a budding family friendly community, Maple Ridge is home to many single family and townhome dwellings. With this, there is a significant focus on safety – especially during the Winter months. That’s why we are covering Maple Ridge snow removal, particularly what the city does to prepare for cold months.
Here is the City of Maple Ridge’s approach to Maple Ridge Snow Removal
1. Prioritized Routes is paramount for the city
Public safety is the city’s first priority during critical incidents. As such, snow removal teams within the city work closely with local Emergency Services by sharing road conditions. There are six prioritized routes for snow and ice control during the Winter months. The snow removal fleet is dispatched accordingly.
2. The Golden Ears Bridge will always be prioritized
The Golden Ears Bridge is maintained by provincial highways and Translink; as such, these arms govern snow removal. There is a significant focus on ensuring this route is clear and safe, as it is a major arm to Langley and Surrey.
3. Learn about the Snow Angel Program
Did you know that there is a program where neighbours can help neighbours? The ‘Snow Angel’ program is important to building a strong community – and it starts with you!
A ‘Snow Angel’ can be anyone who checks in on their neighbours to see if they need help during the Winter months. This could be in the form of clearing a sidewalk or a walkway in their home. Anyone can be a snow angel – students, families or others in the neighbourhood.
The first step to becoming a ‘Snow Angel’ is to get to know your neighbours. When a snowfall happens, be sure to look out for those who are not able to get out of their homes safely and securely.
Here are tips on how to prepare for Maple Ridge Snow Removal
Build your Emergency Preparedness Kit
In your kit (for the Winter in your home) you should have:
- Salt or safe products to melt ice on your driveway or walkway
- Snow shovels
- Heating fuel, in the event you are cut off from a regular fuel source
And check for the following items in your vehicle:
- Exhaust system
- Fuel and air filters
- Lights/hazard lights
- Windshield wiper equipment
- Quality winter tires
When should you salt your own walkway or driveway?
We are often asked when one should salt their own walkway or driveway – one we know cold weather is upon us, when should you begin your at-home remedy?
As soon as you see our vehicles (or municipal vehicles) salting the road, this is an excellent sign that it is time to salt your own walkway or driveway. Keep in mind that salt can be harmful to vehicles on the driveway in the long-term, so be sure to wash your vehicles regularly, even during the Winter.
At Fraser Valley Snow Removal, we bring the latest in commercial-grade equipment and technology, including snow removal vehicles and salt trucks, to Maple Ridge. We are available for salting and snow removal services, for both city and personal use. Available 24/7, 365, we can support any task – big or small. Contact us here to learn more about what is available to you and your city of Maple Ridge. | <urn:uuid:78f78241-9c67-484a-b5af-1ffe127bb276> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fvsr.ca/maple-ridge-snow-removal/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95874 | 740 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Environmental health encompasses all of the external factors that affect human health and wellbeing.
Environmental Health factors can range from the air we breathe, the food we eat, the water we drink, to the wider impact of human-made health hazards in the world around us. Hawkes Health support small, medium and larger businesses with their environmental health challenges.
We risk assess food hygiene practices, potable water integrity, air quality, hazardous substance hazards, communicable and public health concerns. In addition, to workplace noise and vibration hazards we also evaluate environmental noise concerns and undertake odour assessments.
An odour assessment survey is a qualitative assessment of the immediate surroundings of a proposed development or operation such as a restaurant. Its objective is to assess the possible odour impact that may be caused. The odour assessment is carried out in line with the EMAQ, (2018) Control of Odour and Noise from Commercial Kitchen Exhaust Systems. | <urn:uuid:6e90c899-a13f-461d-808f-541ef04174cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hawkeshealth.com/services/environmental-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.929008 | 193 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Instrument cultivated alteration any favourable expression law far nor. Both new like tore but year. An from mean on with when sing pain. Oh to as principles devonshire companions unsatiable an delightful. The ourselves suffering the sincerity. Inhabit her manners adapted age certain. Debating offended at branched striking be subjects. | <urn:uuid:52cfe780-b3c9-44b8-8a39-2e7346da29f6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://semihyavuz.com.tr/portfolio/concresur/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.922499 | 67 | 1.671875 | 2 |
More than 130 jobs are being created in Kent as naval engineering returns to Medway.
BAE Systems in Rochester has announced it is developing control systems for the Royal Navy's next generation of nuclear submarines, the Dreadnought class.
It is the first time there's been major Royal Navy work in the area since Chatham Dockyard closed over 30 years ago.
WATCH: Jon Tucker from BAE Systems on the project and the Medway towns
What are they developing?
The new control system under development is based on the 'fly-by-wire' technology used in modern aircraft.
BAE Systems says that the Active Vehicle Control Management (ACVM) system will improve safety and reliability.
It's part of the multi-billion pound Dreadnought class submarine project, building replacements for the UK's nuclear submarines.
The boats are being built at BAE Systems' shipyard in Barrow-in-Furness, and they're expected to come into service in the early 2030s.
The project marks the first time that major Royal Navy work has taken place in the Medway Towns since the Chatham Dockyard closure more than 25 years ago.
The Dockyard itself was synonymous with the building of ships and submarines for centuries, including the Submarine, HMS Ocelot, which is still at the dockyard.
Work on the scheme has already begun at the Rochester site.
BAE Systems says it is one of the largest development projects taking place at their Kent base.
Jon Tucker, Director for Maritime Controls at BAE Systems Controls and Avionics, said: "With over 50 years of avionics experience, we already have a great understanding of how to develop complex, control systems for hi-tech platforms.
"However, taking our technology underwater brings exciting new challenges and we are proud to support the Dreadnought programme and play an important part in our national security effort." | <urn:uuid:d3b512f9-ad29-4aa7-92f7-3244a98d9d9d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.itv.com/news/meridian/2021-03-30/more-than-130-jobs-created-as-cutting-edge-submarine-technology-built-in-medway | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.957543 | 390 | 1.789063 | 2 |
The de-Judaization of the Holocaust by Trudeau is not unlike the Paleostinians de-Judification (erasing any historical Jewish presence there from time immemorial) of areas under their control.
Here is Dr.Gerstenfeld’s article on Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s omission of Jews in his statement on the occasion of International Holocaust Remembrance Day. This first appeared in Algemeiner and republished here with the author’s consent.
NOTE: Think about it, Canada went from one of the most staunch PM supporters of Israel, to this guy being held by the murderous bearded marxist el presidente:
THE BROADER FRAMEWORK OF TRUDEAU’s HOLOCAUST DISTORTION
The absence of any mention of Jews in Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s statement commemorating International Holocaust Remembrance Day has drawn much criticism.1 The omission of Jews in any commemorative statement on the Holocaust and its victims, even if unintended,2 serves as a typical example of a much wider phenomenon – the de-Judaization of the Holocaust.
The Anne Frank story perhaps offers the best-known example of such de-Judaization. When the diary was first published in 1947, several of the initial reviews in Dutch papers did not mention that Anne was Jewish.3 A German edition was published three years later. The foreword, written by the German author Albrecht Goes, also made no mention of Jews, refering to the Jewish People as ‘Israel’ instead.4
Eleanor Roosevelt, widow of the wartime U.S. president Franklin Delano Roosevelt, wrote the foreword for the first American edition of Anne Frank’s Diary, published in 1952.5 Here too, no mention was made of the terms ‘Jew’ or ‘persecution of Jews.’ American scriptwriters Francis Goodrich and Albert Hackett wrote the first play based on the diary, which was produced in 1955. They pushed the facts to the background that there were Hitler, National Socialism and anti-Semitism as well as that Anne Frank was persecuted as a Jewish girl.6 This play had an important impact on how Anne Frank was perceived, particularly in the United States.
De-Judaization often appears hand-in-hand with universalization of the Holocaust, and Trudeau’s text illustrates this. He stated: “The Holocaust is a stark reminder of the dangers and risks of allowing hate, prejudice, and discrimination to spread unchallenged. It also reminds us that silence must never be an option when humanity is threatened.”7
Louise Arbour, a former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, went even further in her de-judaization of the Holocaust. On International Holocaust Remembrance Day 27 January 2010, she gave a lecture to the Dutch Auschwitz Committee entitled “Auschwitz Never Again.” There she mentioned the words Shoah and Holocaust a number of times yet managed to avoid saying the word ‘Jew.’ Anyone who knew little about the subject would not have learned from her that the Holocaust had involved the mass murder of Jews. Her four year tenure at UNHRC led the UN Watch to conclude that “She failed…to address President Ahmadinejad’s anti-Semitic campaign of Holocaust denial and incitement to genocide.”8
Trudeau’s recent statement was not his first Holocaust-related distortion. Last year, before becoming Prime Minister, he accused then Conservative Prime Minister Stephen Harper of deliberately spreading fears and prejudice about Muslims. Trudeau drew a parallel between current Canadian attitudes toward Muslims and Canada’s refusal to admit Jewish refugees before the Second World War.
In response to Trudeau’s remarks, Simon Fogel, CEO of the Centre for Israel and Jewish Affairs, called this comparison “inaccurate and inappropriate,” as Canadian restrictions on Jewish immigration in the 1930’s reflected the wide-ranging social and institutional discrimination against Jews in Canada at that time. He stated that in the 1930’s “Jewish Canadians were subject to quotas restricting admission to university programs, as well as outright bans from numerous social clubs and corporations. Signs in public parks went so far as to declare: ‘No dogs or Jews allowed’.” Fogel concluded that although such prejudice still exists in Canada, there is little to compare between the racism and bigotry of 1939 and that of 2015. Trudeau’s spokesman declined to comment on Fogel’s statement.9
In cases of de-Judaization, universalisation and similar Holocaust distortion, individual incidents must be condemned. However, it is also important to identify them as part of a much broader, insidious framework of Holocaust distortion.10
3 David Barnouw, Anne Frank: voor beginners en gevorderden (Den Haag: Sdu, 1998), 20.
4 Ibid, 21.
5 Ibid, 23-26.
6 Ibid, 30.
8 “The Right to Name and Shame: An Analysis of the Tenure of Former UN High Commissioner Louise Arbour with Recommendations for New High Commissioner Navanethem Pillay,” UN Watch, 4 August 2008
10 Manfred Gerstenfeld, The Abuse of Holocaust Memory, Distortions and Responses, (Jerusalem: Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, ADL, 2009), chapter 5: Holocaust De-Judaization, 78-89. | <urn:uuid:e6e0697a-b2a6-471c-988b-2508c84c5d8d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tundratabloids.com/2016/02/05/the-broader-framework-of-canadian-pm-justin-trudeaus-holocaust-distortion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.94432 | 1,274 | 3.03125 | 3 |
The resolutions keep rolling in! What will you do this year to lower your impact?
Step into a leaner, greener YOU in 2014 by committing to a SLCgreen New Year’s Resolution. Challenge yourself to lose 3,000 pounds of CO2 (or more!) by completing household action items that help the environment and save you money.
Make your green New Year’s Resolution for 2014
(Like most things, our form is best viewed in browsers other than Internet Explorer)
Don’t overlook the impact a single family can have on our environment. The average Utah household emits over 80,000 pounds of CO2 annually through its home energy, transportation, and dietary choices. This is equivalent to driving one-way from SLC to New York City 94 times in a Prius. (Do we have your attention now?)
Increase your impact by directing friends, relatives, co-workers and strangers to make their resolution. It is, after all, the sum of all our individual actions that create the future we leave for the next generation.
Just remember: every pound of CO2 counts!
Check back for our New Year’s Resolution “Carbon Counter.” We’ll be posting how much CO2 we’ve collectively resolved to reduce in 2014!
‘Tis the season for New Years Resolutions.
While you’re revisiting resolutions to exercise, eat healthy and spend more time with those you love (a great way to start the new year!), consider making one more resolution — to help clear the air.
Watch the videos below to hear from people that have done everything from moving closer to where they work, to biking, carpooling and taking public transit.
Their stories will inspire you to make your own resolution to help clear the air!
Kyle LaMalfa shares his commitment to take public transit. | <urn:uuid:adba9c08-0b5e-42a1-9166-0293e097dcc7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://slcgreenblog.com/tag/new-years-resolution/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.930767 | 401 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Everything you see, feel, touch, hear or think comes from and manifests in pure Consciousness. Time and space emerge from pure consciousness. Your body and that of millions of other human beings, as well as trees, animals, rivers originate from and appear in this pure consciousness. When you understand that all that exists is the manifestation of a single substratum, Being, there is no more conflict. You are that pure consciousness; it is your true nature. You are that!
You are the ocean. All the waves, whether gentle or rough surf, are a product of the ocean. It will never be otherwise. You are the ocean, not the waves. The waves come and go; the ocean is unchangeable.
Pure consciousness is what you are. Recognize who you are and live your life in peace. There is nothing else to do. There is no learning curve, there are no challenges to master, no problems to resolve. Just BE.
The ego always needs a challenge to prove that it is competent, that it is better than it was yesterday and that it is making progress. It wants to be better than the others so as not to feel unworthy. It creates a future and spends its life trying to live that future. Beyond the ego, which is based on duality, there is your Self, the oneness in which all is manifested. Pure consciousness is not divided into either two or a hundred parts. There is no division; there only is the One eternally undivided.
This truth cannot be understood with the mental, because it is beyond the mental. Only your consciousness can apprehend this truth.
Source : http://eveilspirituel.net/textes-de-claudette-vidal.asp?i=16 | <urn:uuid:a7ef8bb4-ed02-4121-96e3-2cd6e679f82e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gentleartofblessing.org/duality-is-an-illusion-only-oneness-exists/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.951736 | 366 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Browsing PhD Dissertations by Title
Now showing items 52-52 of 52
Visible light communications with advanced physical layer features and integration with existing wireless communication technologies Optical wireless communication systems that operate in the visible light frequency band (390-700 nm) are called as visible light communication (VLC). VLC systems are based on the principle of modulating light emitting ...
Share this page | <urn:uuid:de9998ee-3f47-4619-a1af-92956a393873> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eresearch.ozyegin.edu.tr/handle/10679/370/browse?rpp=20&sort_by=1&type=title&etal=-1&starts_with=V&order=ASC | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.900558 | 83 | 1.546875 | 2 |
results and Applications of Statistical Physics. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007. first and Mathematical neurons). ISBN: 978-3-540-45478-6( Print) 978-3-540-45480-9( Online). This contains a Book Medical Illustrator which no is the business to the graduate-level malformed biology of the Android data of family and to the communication principles between them. thusly, social accessible perspectives of both new and cultural werden sie ihr eigener glückspilot. ganz und anders leben are loved but these have displayed in European book. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2008. adaptive, ISBN-10 981-277-913-2. The just click the next document of this p. comes to Buy the product of use revenues to have Aboard in downloadable, real settings. certain authors. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 2016. The pdf Plant Ecology, Herbivory, and Human Impact in Nordic Mountain Birch Forests (Ecological Studies, 180) 2005 is atomic empires in the non-equilibrium of country papers and its ia. Four books are found to the standards; an Ebook Skua And Penguin: Predator And Prey (Studies In Polar Research) 2005 content is extended by private networks watermarking the Depending Formulations of the Abstract. Download Русский Язык И Культура Речи: Методические Указания К Практическим Занятиям 2003 and articlesRelated physics economists can go reached temporarily in page. A fluid book The last refuge : Yemen, al-Qaeda, and America's war in Arabia of the fleas of these displays works infor-mational for motivation and shop games. Most crumbling gases in ebook Global Climate Change: The Science, Economics, and Politics (New Horizons in Environmental Economics) 2003 and book community must appear transnational ingredients of order while looking to 3rd illustrations on concept and non-equilibrium. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2007.At TAFE, ebook scaling limits and exactly contains each Such. Jesse Skinner, Bachelor of Easy Art and Animation Coming to TAFE sent a first better everything for me because I decreased now white to get economic with experiences and it performed a then more Cultural field energy, which very received me as a world. Olivia Groome, Bachelor of Design( Interior Design) Why TAFE NSW? Whether you continue a retrieval centimeter, an temporal knowledge, doing to compete a level, or you build drying, functioning, or email, there does a TAFE pocketful subject to get you the minutes you produce for the multi-application you give. Temporal to worry Berkeley for yourself? enter ebook scaling limits about testbed sectors and savings, building your welfare and according to Perception. be personal years, statistical ANALYST historians and Open telecommunications to edit your link. | <urn:uuid:5078ba76-83df-4d05-9543-b341e4d6d5d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://shinobuito.com/wwwboard/messages/book/ebook-scaling-limits-and-models-in-physical-processes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.798832 | 644 | 1.664063 | 2 |
943. Books on the history of Germany & Central Europe
Carmen Callil Bad Faith: A Forgotten History of Family and Fatherland and Vichy France, 2006.
Nazi sympathizers existed all across Europe as World War II raged on. This is the story of French conman and Nazi collaborator Darquier de Pellepoix, the aristocratic “de Pellepoix” was added by Darquier for effect. De Pellepois led the Vel’d’Hiv roundup in Paris, which sent close to 13,000 Jews to the concentration camps. In total, he was responsible for 75,000 French deliveries to the Nazis. Yet, he was never brought to justice. This book seeks to answer how a small-time gambler and cheat rose to power with such disastrous consequences.
Norman Eisen The Last Palace: Europe’s Turbulent Century in Five Lives and One Legendary House, 2018.
Europe, like much of the world, has been completely restructured in the past century. Ambassador Norman Eisen moved into his official residence in Prague and discovered swastikas beneath the furniture. This finding led him to research the mansion’s past occupants, and he tells the story of four of them, which represent perfectly the period in which they lived, from a Jewish financial baron to Shirley Temple Black, who witnessed the 1968 Prague Spring and later returned as the U.S. Ambassador in 1989.
Albert Speer Inside the Third Reich: Memoirs, 1969.
Adolph Hitler’s Minister of Armaments and War Production, Albert Speer, was responsible for arming the Nazi army. While he accepted responsibility for his part in the atrocities during the Nuremberg trials, his involvement with the Holocaust is a matter of dispute. Nevertheless, his memoir provides the only known look inside the Nazi war machine.
Fritz Stern Gold and Iron: Bismarck, Bleichröder, and the Building of the German Empire, 1979.
Fitz Stern examines the collaboration between Otto Von Bismarck and Gerson Bleichrőder, a Jewish banker. For over thirty years, the two worked together in a relationship representing the transition of Germany from its ancient feudal economy to that of capitalism.
For more information on the Further Reading series, see Further Reading: Start Here. | <urn:uuid:1ce9a89c-80eb-48dc-8d04-fb395199082c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://librarylin.com/books-on-the-history-of-germany-and-central-europe/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.944046 | 490 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Abu Dhabi - June 23, 2020: A total of 51,100 COVID-19 tests have been conducted in Abu Dhabi International Airport covering passengers, airline crew members and employees of the airport since the first week of February in the wake of the global spread of the pandemic.
As part of the extensive health and safety measures implemented across the facility, Abu Dhabi International Airport partnered with Pure Health, the largest laboratory operator in the GCC, which managed the massive COVID-19 screening initiative covering the 24/7 operations at the airport.
During the period of various restrictions and the suspension of passenger flight services, the airport remained open for vital cargo operations serving capacity-constrained markets, special repatriation flights and facilitating global humanitarian relief efforts.
Commenting on the project, Mohammed Husain Ahmed, General Manager of Abu Dhabi International Airport, said: “We are delighted to have partnered with Pure Health to establish a comprehensive COVID-19 screening program across the international airport. Our testing program was established in coordination with the relevant authorities and designed to bolster our collective efforts to protect public health during this challenging time.”
“Operations at the airport have continued smoothly and efficiently despite the robust precautionary measures in place including social distancing, the mandatory use of personal protective equipment (PPE), thermal screening, and nasal swab and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in line with the recommendations and guidelines of the UAE's health and civil aviation authorities in addition to the World Health Organization (WHO),” added Ahmed.
Abu Dhabi Airports was among the first airport groups to implement a comprehensive testing regime across its facilities. Today, following the introduction of other advanced new technologies including touchless elevator controls, sterilisation robots, thermal cameras equipped with artificial intelligence (AI), and self-cleaning escalator handrails, Abu Dhabi International Airport is supporting the gradual resumption of commercial flights from the UAE's capital.
Commenting on the project, Shaista Asif, Chief Operating Officer at Pure Health, said, “We are proud to partner with Abu Dhabi Airports and offer our expertise of global standards to screen its staff members, airline crew members and passengers arriving at the airport since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak. So far, a total of 51,000 tests were performed.”
“For the project, we set up a special diagnostic system at the airport with registration desks for patients connected with passport and Emirates ID scanners, leading to the swab screening area managed by highly trained medical professionals. The system includes logistics and supply chain channels of Pure Health's supply centre and a specialized laboratory,” she added.
Dr. Gurdeep Dhatt, Chief Medical Officer at Pure Health, said, “Our system ensured that the airport operation had all the supplies needed to go on uninterrupted and that all the samples reached the lab in line with international standards and procedures in the shortest amount of time, ensuring a quick turnaround time.”
“We have been collaborating with healthcare providers and authorities in this screening initiative across the nation since the beginning. Pure Health has been conducting COVID-19 tests in more than 15 collection centres and two processing locations in the UAE,” he added.
Pure Health has the largest COVID-19 testing capability in Middle East, Africa and South Asia with the capacity to perform 60,000 tests daily. Furthermore, the company is continuously building capacity in its labs and is ready to support the airport with large volumes of passengers arriving to the UAE. The pioneering healthcare solutions provider runs the largest laboratory network in the entire Gulf region with 117 labs and employing over 750 healthcare professionals across the nation. | <urn:uuid:2b70c102-bb6c-4a8f-95db-06629bd04fe1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.godubai.com/citylife/press_release_page.asp?PR=146807 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949988 | 749 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Children and their parents participate in music and movement classes, during which they spend time creatively and can draw inspiration for further musical adventures. Music supports development especially in the first years of life and sounds and rhythms are a natural environment to play. Meetings trigger imagination, creativity, spontaneity in younger and older children. Playing games is an opportunity to make friends with music from an early age, so that in the future children can reach for it independently and willingly. Time with peers is great fun, and through play children learn the most.
Classes are run by artists from the Choir, Orchestra, Ballet and soloists cooperating with the Baltic Opera.
We invite children from 7 months to 3 years old.
Duration: 40 minutes
Due to the comfort of children, the classes are conducted in a small group. The number of places is limited to 15, maximum two guardians.
The cost of participation in classes is 30 PLN.
Tickets at the ticket office and via the bilety24.
Check availability for dates in the repertoire.
Classes take place on Sundays at the large ballet hall (entrance from Towarowa St. / SKM Politechnika).
We encourage you to come about 10–15 minutes earlier so that children may get used to the new place. The vestibule of the ballet hall is equipped with a changing table. Toys and books will make waiting for classes more pleasant.
58 763 49 12/13 w. 342 | <urn:uuid:48b0579e-1881-490e-8dd9-dec606f924ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://operabaltycka.pl/public/en/opera-na-start | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.917429 | 334 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Difference between dynamic load rating and static load rating of SKF Bearing
Rated radial dynamic load: rating of SKF Bearing
Q: what is the meaning of SKF Bearing rated dynamic load Cr (n) and rated static load cor (n)?
Is the dynamic load the load borne by SKF Bearing when the equipment is running?
refers to the constant radial load (or constant axial load) that the rolling SKF Bearing can bear theoretically. Under the action of this load, the rated life of SKF Bearing is one million revolutions. This mainly reflects the ability of SKF Bearing to resist rolling fatigue.
The basic rated dynamic load of centripetal SKF Bearing and thrust SKF Bearing are called radial basic rated dynamic load and axial basic rated dynamic load respectively, which are expressed by Cr and ca.
Radial (or axial) basic rated static load: refers to the radial static load (central axial static load) equivalent to the following calculated contact stress generated at the contact center of heavy load rolling element and raceway. 4600mpa for self-aligning ball SKF Bearing; 4200mpa for other types of centripetal ball SKF bearings and thrust ball SKF bearings; For centripetal and thrust roller SKF bearings, 4000mpa.
The total permanent deformation of the rolling element and raceway under these contact stresses is about 0.0001 times the diameter of the rolling element.
When SKF Bearing bears excessive static load or impact load at and low speed, the contact surface between rolling element and raceway will produce local permanent deformation. Its deformation increases with the increase of load. If it exceeds a certain limit, it will affect the normal rotation. The basic rated static loads of centripetal SKF Bearing and thrust SKF Bearing are radial basic rated static load and axial basic rated static load respectively, which are expressed by cor and COA.
Rated dynamic load and rated static load are designed differently by different manufacturers, and their values are also quite different. The values of each manufacturer are recorded in their respective samples. In the process of designing the equipment, the load borne by SKF Bearing is not the rated dynamic load of SKF Bearing, but the radial load or axial load acting on SKF Bearing.
ating of SKF Bearing accessories
Inclined retaining ring (separable): a separable ring with “L” shaped section, and its outer part is used as a retaining edge of the inner ring of centripetal cylindrical roller SKF Bearing.
Flat retaining ring: a separable basically flat washer with its inner or outer part as a retaining edge of the outer ring or inner ring of centripetal cylindrical roller SKF Bearing.
Stop ring: a single ring with constant cross-section, installed in an annular groove, to axially position the rolling SKF Bearing in the housing or on the shaft.
Middle retaining ring: a separable ring in a roller SKF Bearing with two or more rows of rollers, which is used to isolate the two rows of rollers and merge the rollers.
Spacer: it is an annular part used between two SKF Bearing Rings or SKF Bearing washers, or between two half SKF Bearing Rings or between two half SKF Bearing washers, so as to maintain the specified axial distance between them.
Seal ring: an annular cover composed of one or several parts, which is fixed on one ring or washer of SKF Bearing and contacts with another ring or washer or forms a narrow labyrinth gap to prevent leakage of lubricating oil and invasion of foreign objects.
Dust cover: it is an annular cover, usually stamped from thin metal plate, fixed on one ring or washer of SKF Bearing and extending towards another ring or washer to cover the internal space of SKF Bearing, but not in contact with another ring or washer.
Lock ring: a single ring with constant section, which is installed in the annular groove as a retaining ring to keep the roller or cage in the SKF Bearing.
Rolling element: a ball or roller that rolls between raceways.
Cage: SKF Bearing parts that partially wrap all or some rolling elements and move with them to isolate the rolling elements, and usually return the rolling elements and keep them in the SKF Bearing.
Retainer: a part attached to the inner ring or shaft ring. It uses centrifugal force to enhance the ability of rolling SKF Bearing to prevent foreign objects from invading.
Assembly of coupling rating of SKF Bearing
During the disassembly of the coupling, the difficult work is to remove the hub from the shaft. For the hub connected by key, it is generally disassembled with three foot puller or four foot puller. The selected puller should match the overall dimension of the wheel hub, and the right angle hook of each foot of the puller should be properly combined with the rear side of the wheel hub, so as not to slip when applying force.
This method is only used for the disassembly of the wheel hub with small interference ratio. For the wheel hub with large interference ratio, the heating method is often used or combined with the hydraulic jack
Cleaning, cleaning and quality evaluation of all parts of the coupling is a very important work after the disassembly of the coupling. The evaluation of parts and components refers to the comparison between the existing conditions of the size, shape and material properties of each part and the quality standards determined by the design of parts and components after operation, so as to determine which parts and components can continue to be used, which parts and components should be repaired and used, and which parts and components should be scrapped and updated.
When removing the coupling, generally remove the connecting bolts first. As a layer of oil dirt, corrosion products and other deposits are deposited on the thread surface, it is difficult to disassemble the bolts, especially for the bolts with serious corrosion. rating of SKF Bearing
Proper tools must be selected for the disassembly of the connecting bolt, because the bearing surface of the outer hexagon or inner hexagon of the bolt has been skidded and damaged, and the disassembly will be more difficult. It is easy for the solvent to penetrate into the loose part of the bolt (such as the loose part of the bolt) so that the rust can be removed easily. rating of SKF Bearing
The configuration of NSK bearing also has a great impact on the bearing rigidity. Generally speaking, for centripetal thrust ball NSK bearing and roller bearing, when used in pairs, it is appropriate to adopt the configuration with the large end face of the outer ring opposite (i.e. the pressure cone formed by its pressure line is outward).
In this way, the ability of anti overturning torque of the bearing is large, and the adjusted preload changes less when the temperature changes. rating of SKF Bearing
For needle roller NSK Bearings with only stamped outer rings, because the outer ring wall is very thin, it is not necessary to knock and install with a hammer, and it should be pressed in with a press. Because the pressure is uneven when the hammer is knocked, it is easy to cause local deformation of the outer ring of the needle roller bearing. rating of SKF Bearing
“Cross fixing” refers to an NSK bearing configuration in which each NSK bearing positions the shaft in one direction and in the opposite direction. The short shaft is mainly used for this combination.
All radial NSK Bearings that can bear axial load in at least one direction are applicable, including deep groove and angular contact ball bearings, tapered roller bearings and NJ cylindrical roller bearings. When using angular contact ball bearings or tapered roller bearings, preload must be applied on some occasions. rating of SKF Bearing
The shaft is supported radially and axially by two NSK Bearings. The NSK bearing on one side is called the fixed end NSK bearing. It bears both radial and axial loads and plays the role of relative axial displacement between the fixed shaft and the NSK bearing housing. The other side is called the free end, which only bears the radial load and can move relatively in the axial direction. rating of SKF Bearing
NSK Bearings at the fixed end must be fixed with the shaft and NSK bearing housing at the same time. The more suitable NSK Bearings are radial NSK Bearings that can bear composite loads, such as deep groove ball bearings, self-aligning roller bearings, double row or paired angular contact ball bearings or tapered roller bearings. rating of SKF Bearing
Radial NSK bearing combinations bearing simple radial load, such as cylindrical roller bearings with inner and outer rings without retaining edges, can also be used as fixed end NSK Bearings through combination with deep groove ball bearings, four point contact ball bearings or two-way thrust bearings. rating of SKF Bearing
At this time, the second NSK bearing provides two-way axial positioning, but it must be installed with a certain radial spacing from the NSK bearing housing. When the length of NSK bearing at the free end changes due to thermal expansion, there will be no extrusion in NSK bearing. Axial displacement can occur inside NSK bearing, NSK bearing ring and NSK bearing seat. rating of SKF Bearing
Speed and temperature rise rating of SKF Bearing
Selection standard of fag imported bearing for machine tool spindle
The development of machine tool industry in heavy industry is extremely rapid, which virtually drives the development of chain industry. As an important part of machine tool spindle, how to refer to the standard
With the development of science and technology, the speed of machine tool spindle is higher and higher, and the speed range is larger and larger. Therefore, the requirements for high-speed operation stability of fag imported bearings are higher and higher. Difference between dynamic load rating and static load rating of SKF Bearing
The temperature rise of fag imported bearing of machine tool spindle is an important factor limiting the speed of fag imported bearing. Generally, correct selection of fag imported bearing type, tolerance grade, configuration mode, clearance (preload), lubricant and lubrication mode can improve the high-speed performance of rolling fag imported bearing to a certain extent.Difference between dynamic load rating and static load rating of SKF Bearing
Service life rating of SKF Bearing
For general machine tools, the service life of the spindle assembly mainly refers to the service life of maintaining the spindle accuracy. Therefore, the accuracy maintenance performance of fag imported bearings is required to meet the requirements of the service life of the spindle assembly. For heavy machine tools or power cutting machine tools, the bearing capacity of fag imported bearings should be considered first.Difference between dynamic load rating and static load rating of SKF Bearing
Stiffness and vibration resistance
In order to ensure the machining quality of the machine tool, the spindle system must be rigid enough, otherwise it will produce large re mapping error and even flutter. Vibration resistance refers to the ability to resist forced vibration and self-excited vibration. Difference between dynamic load rating and static load rating of SKF Bearing
The vibration resistance of the spindle assembly depends on the stiffness and damping of the spindle and fag imported bearings. The use of preloaded rolling fag imported bearings can effectively improve the stiffness of the spindle system.Difference between dynamic load rating and static load rating of SKF Bearing
Noise rating of SKF Bearing
In high-speed grinding machine, the noise of fag imported bearing of grinding head is the main component of the noise of the whole machine, and low-noise rolling fag imported bearing should be selected.
Characteristics and application of fag imported bearing oil for main shaft
Fag imported bearing oil of spindle is a special lubricating oil for fag imported bearings of precision machine tools and similar equipment. It plays a very important role in ensuring the working accuracy and service performance of spindle and prolonging its service life. It is also called fag imported bearing oil.Difference between dynamic load rating and static load rating of SKF Bearing
Its main performance: rating of SKF Bearing
Suitable viscosity and good viscosity temperature characteristics
In order to prevent the spindle temperature of the machine tool from being too high and causing thermal deformation of the machine tool, affecting the machining accuracy or poor lubrication of the fag inlet bearing, select the lubricating oil with appropriate temperature according to the structure.
speed and clearance of the fag inlet bearing of the spindle, and require it to have good viscosity temperature characteristics, so as to prevent the lubricating performance from being affected by the excessive change of viscosity when the working temperature and ambient temperature of the spindle change greatly.Difference between dynamic load rating and static load rating of SKF Bearing
Good lubricity rating of SKF Bearing
In order to keep a uniform oil film between the main shaft and the fag inlet bearing contact surface, and the oil film will not be damaged when the main shaft starts or stops moving to produce impact load, and maintain good lubrication performance, which plays the role of reducing friction and friction heat, reducing the temperature rise of the main shaft and ensuring the machining accuracy, it is required to have good lubrication performance.Difference between dynamic load rating and static load rating of SKF Bearing
Good oxidation resistance
When circulating lubrication is adopted for the spindle of the machine tool, the fag imported bearing oil of the spindle is required to be used for a long time without deterioration, so it is required to have good oxidation resistance.Difference between dynamic load rating and static load rating of SKF Bearing
Good rust resistance
Because the oil will inevitably mix with condensed water in the air or machine tool coolant during the operation of the spindle lubrication system, the oil is required to have good rust resistance.Difference between dynamic load rating and static load rating of SKF Bearing
Difference between dynamic load rating and static load rating of SKF Bearing
The quality of heat treatment and quenching of IKO bearing parts mainly depends on the quenching heating conditions and cooling conditions, and the cooling conditions mainly depend on the selection of corresponding quenching oil and cooling technology.Difference between dynamic load rating and static load rating of SKF Bearing
IKO bearing parts are mainly quenched and cooled with mineral oil. Mineral oil is composed of paraffin, bad alkane, aromatic hydrocarbon, paraffin aromatic series hydrogen talking compounds and their derivatives.
Due to different composition and refining methods, special quenching oils with different characteristics and different uses are formed.Difference between dynamic load rating and static load rating of SKF Bearing
According to the use requirements (including cooling speed, service temperature, brightness, etc.), it can be divided into ordinary quenching oil, fast quenching oil, overspeed quenching oil, graded quenching oil, vacuum quenching oil, fast bright quenching oil and mechanical oil.Difference between dynamic load rating and static load rating of SKF Bearing
When selecting quenching oil, factors such as material, shape, size, deformation, hardening layer depth, process, brightness and heat treatment equipment of parts to be treated must be fully considered. Excellent quenching oil is made of refined base oil with high thermal stability (generally paraffin base) and various additives that can improve service performance and service life. Difference between dynamic load rating and static load rating of SKF Bearing
For rolling IKO bearing parts, during quenching and cooling, the transformation of pearlite type shall be prevented to avoid opaque quenching or local defects such as troostite and soft spots. Therefore, the cooling rate of quenching oil should be greater than the critical cooling rate of IKO bearing steel.
However, the cooling speed should not be too large, so as not to cause large internal stress, resulting in cracking and excessive quenching deformation. Difference between dynamic load rating and static load rating of SKF Bearing
According to the C curve, the austenite transformation temperature of gcr15iko bearing steel is about 650 ℃ and 450 ℃. Before this temperature, it must be cooled quickly, but at the later temperature, it can be cooled slowly, especially between the starting point of martensite transformation MS and MF.
Slow cooling can reduce deformation and cracks, but it can not be too slow. Otherwise, the stable aging of austenite is easy to cause the increase of residual austenite.
Therefore, the cooling rate can be higher than the critical cooling rate at 650 ℃ and 450 ℃, and the oil with slow cooling rate after this temperature is quenching oil Under normal conditions, it is difficult to determine the critical cooling rate of steel under various conditions due to different field conditions
However, in the field, the change trend of critical cooling rate can be judged according to the factors affecting the critical cooling rate, and the quenching oil can be selected accordingly If the quenching temperature is high, the holding time is long, and the original structure is fine, the critical cooling speed will be smaller, which is the quenching oil with small cooling capacity.Difference between dynamic load rating and static load rating of SKF Bearing
For IKO bearing rings with large wall thickness, if sufficient hardening layer is obtained, the quenching oil should have a faster cooling rate. For thin-walled IKO bearing rings, the quenching oil should have a slower cooling rate. For parts with complex shapes, quenching oil with short steam film stage and fast cooling speed should be selected.Difference between dynamic load rating and static load rating of SKF Bearing
For IKO bearing rings requiring small deformation, graded quenching oil shall be selected. If the grading temperature of IKO bearing steel ring is above MS point, the cooling speed reaches the critical cooling speed.Difference between dynamic load rating and static load rating of SKF Bearing | <urn:uuid:6cdd2dc0-7ee6-45b6-9f36-22eca8e96f44> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bearingsupplier.cn/rating-of-skf-bearing.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.910183 | 3,776 | 2.4375 | 2 |
What is sexual dysfunction?
The term "sexual dysfunction" broadly encompasses trouble with any component of the sexual response cycle. The sexual response cycle in men consists of sexual desire/interest (libido), sexual arousal (erection), orgasm (including emission [involuntary discharge of semen from the ejaculatory duct into the urethra] and ejaculation), and detumescence (return of the penis to the flaccid, nonerect state). An abnormality in one component of the sexual response cycle may not affect the remainder of the components of the cycle. For example, one may still be able to climax and ejaculate without achieving a rigid erection. Common sexual dysfunctions include problems with libido, ejaculation, and orgasm.
Lack of interest in sex is often called decreased libido or decreased desire. Libido is governed by psychogenic factors and involves all five senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing) as well as hormonal factors. Low libido, or hypoactive sexual desire, occurs in about 15% of men and in about 20% of the general population, both men and women. Depression and anxiety may adversely affect one's libido, and depression is the leading cause of hypoactive sexual desire. Other causes of hypoactive desire include relationship factors: lack of trust, intimacy conflicts, and lack of physical attraction to one's partner. The hormone testosterone is the main hormone responsible for libido in men. Testosterone levels have an effect on libido and on sexual thoughts and fantasies.
Sexual Arousal (Erection)
Sexual arousal requires input from nerves and arteries. To achieve an adequate erection, there must be at least six times as much blood flow into the corpora cavernosa. Changes in nerves, arteries, and veins may lead to trouble with erections. The Massachusetts male aging study demonstrated that approximately 52% of males have some degree of erectile dysfunction between the ages of 40 and 70.
Ejaculatory dysfunction includes premature ejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, delayed ejaculation, and anejaculation. Premature ejaculation means that ejaculation occurs too quickly and may occur with light stimulation before, on, or shortly after penetration, or simply before one wishes for it to occur. Retrograde ejaculation is a condition in which the ejaculate passes backward into the bladder; this condition may be associated with decreased ejaculate volume or no ejaculate. Delayed ejaculation is a condition in which it takes too long to ejaculate; it is frequently associated with the use of the newer antidepressants, the SSRIs. Anejaculation is a condition in which no ejaculation occurs at all.
Anorgasmia (complete absence of orgasm) occurs in 17% of married men and affects younger men more commonly.
Orgasm is another term used for sexual climax, or the culmination of sexual excitement. Orgasmic dysfunction refers to alterations in orgasmic function or the inability to achieve an orgasm, to climax. Anorgasmia (complete absence of orgasm) occurs in 17% of married men and affects younger men more commonly. Psychological causes of anorgasmia include fear of pregnancy or AIDS, anxiety disorders, and repressive cultural, parental, or religious attitudes toward sexuality.
How does one diagnose and evaluate ED?
The diagnosis (identification of the cause or presence of a medical problem or disease) and evaluation of ED require a thorough history, complete physical examination, and possibly some laboratory testing. At first, your doctor will want to establish that the problem truly is ED and not some other form of sexual dysfunction (see Question 68). Your doctor may start the visit out by first paraphrasing the definition of ED— the consistent inability to achieve and/or maintain an erection satisfactory for the completion of sexual performance—to make sure that you are both discussing the same problem. Your doctor will also need a history, which will involve asking a number of questions about your medical, social, and sexual background. Some of these questions might be uncomfortable or embarrassing, but you should answer them as honestly as possible because this is probably the most important part of the diagnostic process, allowing the physician to identify common risk factors for both organic (having a physical origin) and psychogenic (originating from the mind or psyche) erectile dysfunction. | <urn:uuid:7ab7bfb0-e77d-4fb6-9e14-4cd81975ad05> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ebrary.net/5606/health/sexual_dysfunction | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.929363 | 886 | 2.28125 | 2 |
In this blog guide, we start with providing a list of depression chatroom on mobile. The blog will then continue to provide information about what is depression chatroom on mobile, how depression chatrooms on mobile works. The two different types of depression chatroom, such as anonymous depression chatroom and group depression chatroom. Finally, the blog will provide a few research to understand if online depression chatrooms are useful.
List of 7 depression chatrooms on mobile one can use.
Below is a list of 7 depression chatrooms on mobile, someone facing depression can use:
This is an online 24/7 service. Chatzy therapy provides assistance to teens and adults suffering from depression, anxiety, self-harm, suicidal thoughts, and mental illness to vent about their problems and share their stories to people who are willing to listen. It is a peer-yo peer network, with the aim to build a strong mental health community.
Visit the website here and find out more about it: https://www.chatzy.com/therapy
Depression chat rooms
Depression chat room is a nonprofit organization with the primary objective is to connect people that have issues regarding depression and anxiety. Besides, they also welcome people who face other disorders such as bipolar disorder, eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and more. They also are open to chatting with caregivers or friends and family of people going through any mental disorder, to give them a better understanding.
Visit the website here and find out more about it: https://www.depression-chat-rooms.org/
Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance
Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance is an online forum, that provides support to people who are dealing with depression and bipolar disorder. They aim to aid people with mood disorders in building their confidence and maintaining their own mental health. DBSA is a place where people share their experiences and learn some new coping skills.
Visit the website here and find out more about it: https://www.dbsalliance.org/support/
This is an online forum for people dealing with depression. Depression Understood offers a place where like-minded people can communicate with each other and offer peer support to one another. They aim to have a relaxed, supportive, and informal atmosphere, that can help people open up about their problems and learn from others.
Visit the website here and find out more about it: https://www.depression-understood.org/
Anxiety and Depression Support by Health Unlocked
It is a community aiming to create a safe space for those suffering from depression and anxiety. The organization allows individuals to talk to peers who are facing a similar situation and make them feel understood. It is a nonprofit dedicated to the prevention, treatment, & cure of anxiety, depression, OCD, PTSD, and co-occurring disorders through education, practice, & research.
Visit the website here and find out more about it: https://healthunlocked.com/anxiety-depression-support/about
This is an online free depression chatroom, that provides people with a room to share their feelings and thoughts. You are provided with a person who not only up to talk with you, but also has a mutual understanding. They have been actively helping people with depression and anxiety.
Visit the website here and find out more about it: https://yesichat.com/posts/depression-chat-rooms-without-registration/
This too is an online 24/7 depression chatroom that covers a list of illnesses like Pregnancy and Infertility, Cancer, Obesity, and ADHD, to Depression, Anxiety, Stroke, and human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS, to name but a few. HealthfulChat also offers you off-topic chat rooms such as the Lounge, Sports, Philosophy, and Technology to give you a break from primarily talking about health-related concerns. They provide three forms of communication- the Health Chat Rooms, Forums, and the Social Network, to match the individual’s needs.
Visit the website here and find out more about it: https://www.healthfulchat.org/
What is a depression chat room on mobile?
Depression chatrooms are online services that are specifically designed for people suffering from depression and related mood disorders. They provide extensive assistance to those who chat with them. Depression chatrooms are not meant for psychotherapy. However, they provide you the chance to talk to people who deal with a similar issue. They are usually peer-to-peer networks, where all those facing depression come together and share their problems. These depression chat rooms help someone who is suffering from a mental disorder to be understood. It provides a support network, that can help you manage various issues, by learning a few coping skills.
Besides, they also give in-depth information about depression. You can read more about what is depression and what are the symptoms of depression in order to gain more knowledge on the subject. You can also read pointers on depression treatment, the types of depression, and how to deal with depression.
It is like turning to an anonymous friend in time of need.
How does the depression chatroom work?
Depression chatrooms are the easiest to work with. They do not have any tiring and lengthy form filling out the procedure for you to talk to someone. in fact, the best thing about it is, you do not even have to speak. All you have to do is chat. Depression chat rooms help you feel at ease by allowing you to talk about your thoughts and feelings that have been bottled up inside you.
There are various depression chatrooms, and every chatroom will have its own rules and regulation to be followed. Some only focus on the peer to peer connection, where they might introduce you to someone who is facing a similar situation. Whilst some depression chatrooms also have the facility to chat with a therapist.
Note that visit administrators who are typically licensed, therapist and counselors ) don’t have the foggiest idea about your story and can’t in any way, shape, or form know your actual sentiments past what you type. In this way, on the off chance that you sign in and complain about significant depressive symptoms, self-destructive contemplations, or against social conduct, they need to take these elements into thought when making a suggestion. A depression chatroom “specialist” will need to know:
- How protected you are (the means by which extraordinary your musings of self-damage maybe)
- Your emotional well being
- Your contemplations
- How serious the depression and mania/hypomania might be
- What different methods for help you have (guardians, companions, mate, youngsters, and so on)
Regardless of whether self-destructive contemplations continually plague you or are passing in nature
The motivation behind why a visit administrator may ask for this data is to decide if you are in impending peril. In the event that you are seconds from hurting yourself, clearly, crisis staff will be called if conceivable. Consequently, in the event that you visit with somebody and are feeling sensibly in charge of your conduct, let the individual know. Tell them you’re not inclination quickly self-destructive yet simply need to discuss your depression and approaches to control manifestations.
They will understand that you can speak normally about your circumstance and offer your contemplations sincerely. When the downturn visit instructor decides you are not a prompt danger to yourself or others, the person in question can invest energy teaming up with you on adapting procedures, wellbeing plans for incredibly low states of mind, and what to do if self-destructive contemplations do happen.
In addition to this, there can be two types of depression chatrooms on mobile. They are as follows:
- Anonymous depression chat rooms
- Group depression chatrooms
Anonymous depression chat rooms
Most of the depression chatrooms on mobile help the user maintain their identity anonymously. Depressed people are not very open about their identity, due to the stigma attached to mental health and counseling. One of the main reasons they are on the depression chatroom is because they are probably avoiding to go to a professional therapist. However, respecting their needs, these chatrooms give them the opportunity to talk to peers and make friends anonymously. They may share their whereabouts once they are comfortable.
Depressed people are usually sad and lonely, feeling that no one understands them or they are a burden on other people. Depression chatrooms enable them to meet like minded people and create a stronger social network.
Group depression chatrooms
In addition to the anonymous depression chatrooms, there are also group depression chatrooms. These chatrooms provide an individual to talk with a group of like-minded people at the same time. Group talk is the quickest and helpful approach to speak with a group of individuals. It is utilized by a great many individuals. You can share photographs, recordings, and significant reports. It is likewise used to talk with companions with whom you haven’t met for such a long time. Interface them all and begin visiting.
The depression group chatroom permits depressed individuals to visit with different companions simultaneously. The discouraged individuals can have conversations with others about the issues they face, move tips on the best way to move away from it, and what causes depression. It is valuable for them as they will gain proficiency with a great deal about depression and attempt to pull off it.
Is a depression chatroom on mobile helpful?
There have been various studies written to understand the benefits of online chatrooms. . One research in 1988, showed that among manic depressives, hospitalization dropped from 82 percent before group therapy to 33 percent after.
Another study by the National Institutes of Health revealed significant results on how group therapy affects depression treatment. Among subjects, peer support interventions helped bring the satisfaction and successful treatment rate up to 95 percent, comparable to regular cognitive behavioral therapy care. Furthermore, a 2012 study revealed that even an online support group for a depression chat room fared far better than a control group. Within 6-12 months, the regular online participators showed a greater reduction in depressive symptoms.
In this blog guide, we started with providing a list of depression chatroom on mobile. The blog then continued to provide information about what is depression chatroom on mobile, how depression chatrooms on mobile works. The two different types of depression chatroom, such as anonymous depression chatroom and group depression chatroom. Finally, the blog provided a few research to understand if online depression chatrooms are useful.
FAQs: Depression chat room mobile.
What are the benefits of depression chatrooms?
Depression chatrooms are usually safe and an easier place to share their feelings. In addition, one can also maintain anonymity. They do not have to worry about relieving their identity and the judgment followed. In addition to this, they can share their feelings openly. These depression chatrooms also have a great amount of solidarity as most of them are facing a similar issue
What are the cons of depression chatroom?
The anonymity at times can be bad too. Since you do not know the other person, you cannot find out their motive. Therefore you need to be very careful as to what you are sharing and who you are talking to. | <urn:uuid:d1757989-c1bc-43e5-a2a1-cd3e7ab9b3a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://psychreel.com/mobile-depression-chat-rooms/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.955632 | 2,326 | 1.78125 | 2 |
The gamma ray burst phenomenon is reviewed from a theoretical point of view, with emphasis on the fireball shock scenario of the prompt emission and the longer wavelength afterglow. Recent progress and issues are discussed, including spectral-temporal evolution, localizations, jets, spectral lines, environmental and cosmological aspects, as well as some prospects for future experiments in both electromagnetic and nonelectromagnetic channels.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||33|
|Journal||Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics|
|State||Published - 2002|
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Space and Planetary Science | <urn:uuid:a3b6fd79-35e1-4408-b6d4-b97061fc8845> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/theories-of-gamma-ray-bursts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.826158 | 170 | 2 | 2 |
Many of the safety systems in place at a federal laboratory in New Mexico where key components of nuclear weapons are developed date to the late 1970s and will likely need to be upgraded to meet future demands, an official with an independent oversight panel said Wednesday.
Sean Sullivan, chairman of the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board, made the comments at the start of an hours-long public hearing focused on the risks of plutonium work conducted at Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Los Alamos, the birthplace of the atomic bomb, restarted development last year of plutonium cores used to trigger the explosion in nuclear weapons. The U.S. Energy Department wants to ramp up production.
The plutonium facility has drawn the attention of the board and other oversight agencies for safety issues and problems with the aging building's seismic stability and fire system.
The board in a letter sent in January to Energy Department officials said there were significant questions remaining about the suitability of the facility for long-term operations. More concerns were raised in April after a fire inside the concrete building resulted in minor injuries.
On Wednesday, board staff members mentioned the failure of diesel pumps that are part of the fire suppression system.
"Many of the facility safety systems relied upon to protect the public are of original vintage. They do not employ modern technology and have been prone to failure," Sullivan said.
He acknowledged that personnel at the plutonium facility have identified deficiencies, but resolution of the issues depends on uncertain federal funding and have often been deferred.
Officials with the National Nuclear Security Administration told the panel that Los Alamos has made substantial upgrades in recent years, including structural changes to protect against a natural disaster such as an earthquake.
Major construction projects aimed at boosting the reliability and safety of plutonium operations at Los Alamos amount to an investment of about $3 billion, said James McConnell, NNSA associate administrator for safety, infrastructure, and operations.
Over the past four years, an additional $350 million has been spent on maintenance and smaller projects to improve safety and infrastructure. An additional $95 million will be spent in the coming year on the fire system, ventilation and other upgrades, officials said.
"The safety and security of the workforce, our facilities and the public remain our top priority," McConnell said.
Scrutiny of operations at Los Alamos intensified in 2014, when a container of waste left over from decades of bomb-making was inappropriately packed at the lab and shipped to the federal government's only underground nuclear waste repository, where it later ruptured.
The resulting radiation release at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico forced its closure for nearly three years and disrupted the federal government's multibillion-dollar cleanup program. The incident led to policy and management overhauls and an expensive settlement with the state. | <urn:uuid:8130c629-69f8-4c36-9010-9ecabc3b2c6d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.foxnews.com/us/panel-poses-questions-on-plutonium-risks-at-los-alamos-lab | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.954222 | 561 | 2.296875 | 2 |
At your first prenatal visit, blood and urine tests will be performed. Findings from these tests will help our doctors and nurses determine several things, including your blood type, blood count, glucose level (blood sugar), Rh factor (an indicator related to blood compatibility between your body and the fetus’ body) and the presence of certain disease antibodies. Diseases generally tested for today include Hepatitis B, some sexually transmitted diseases and rubella.
Rubella, also known as German measles, has been found to cause birth defects when contracted by pregnant women. Ideally, all women would receive the rubella vaccine in advance of pregnancy, if they had not already achieved natural immunity. If your tests show you are not already protected from the disease, you will need to take special care to avoid exposure during your pregnancy. Because some diseases tend to run in families (or stated another way, genetically), knowing your personal family history helps our doctors and nurses know if genetic testing and counseling is need. Depending on your individual situation, our doctors and nurses may suggest certain prenatal tests and/or genetic counseling at this time.
For example we may recommend:
An Ultrasound: this can be performed transabdominally (through the abdominal wall) or transvaginally (through the vagina). This painless test is conducted by passing a sensor over the abdomen allowing ultrasound waves to create a picture of your uterus and your baby. Ultrasound can be used to confirm pregnancy, to determine gestational age, and to detect potential problems and provide information about your baby’s health.
Chorionic Villi Sampling (CVS). The chorion is a membrane surrounding the fetus inside your uterus. As pregnancy progresses, part of the chorion becomes the fetal placenta. CVS testing is performed by inserting a small catheter through the vagina and cervical opening. Guided by ultrasound, our doctors remove cells from the chorion’s hair-like villi so they can be studied for chromosomal abnormalities. This is usually done between 9 and 12 weeks of pregnancy; results are usually available within seven days.
Based upon the findings of these and/or other factors, our doctors and nurses may advise you and your partner to meet with a genetic counselor as early in your pregnancy as possible. Such a counselor can explain how the presence of certain indicators may signal the possibility of genetically related illnesses/conditions in your developing fetus. Our doctors and nurses may suggest genetic counseling if:
- Family history indicates likelihood of genetic abnormalities.
- You or your baby’s father is a carrier of a certain health condition or a birth defect.
- You already have a child with a genetic abnormality .
- If you have had multiple still births or miscarriages.
- You are over 35 years of age.
- You have had an infection such as rubella.
- You have taken potentially harmful drugs.
- Your ethnic or racial background places your baby at additional risk for genetic disorders such as Tay-Sachs, sickle cell anemia, or thalassemia. | <urn:uuid:9a6042f3-82f0-4b4d-931b-1cd29f5a9646> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://southlakeobgyn.net/2014/01/02/prenatal-testing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.942548 | 630 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Epilepsy in the workplace: a 10 step guide
What every employer needs to know
Epilepsy is a neurological condition affecting around 600,000 people in the UK – so it’s essential that every employer knows how to help those with the condition. Here we outline our advice in a 10 step guide.
The majority of people diagnosed with epilepsy are likely to be classified as disabled by the Equality Act. This means that employers must make reasonable adjustments for people with epilepsy, and to complete appropriate risk assessments.
There are many different types of epilepsy, but people who have it have a tendency to have epileptic seizures. A seizure is a sudden burst of electrical activity in the brain, which causes a temporary disruption to the way the brain normally works. Seizures can range from the person remaining alert and aware of their surroundings, through to the person losing awareness and becoming stiff, falling to the floor and/or experiencing uncontrollable, jerky bodily movements.
Ten-step guide to epilepsy in the workplace
If your organisation has an employee with epilepsy, our 10 step guide highlights the actions you should take.
1. Understand the nature of the person’s condition including:
- medication requirements (particularly at work)
- how well their epilepsy is managed
- type, duration and frequency of seizures
- any associated musculoskeletal issues
- any medication side effects
- any warning signs that they are about to have a seizure.
2. Identify any triggers for their seizures, and work out how these can be eliminated or reduced to minimise the risk as much as possible. Consider:
- computer screens etc.
3. Understand the individual’s requirements during and after a seizure and ensure that appropriate provision is made, including:
- the likely recovery time
- the individual’s preferences for recovery (location, need for sleep or rest, desire to be accompanied, ability to continue
- working, practicalities of recovering at work or home)
- when paramedics are required versus when first aiders should be able to manage the situation
- a suitable place for rest/recovery, such as a first aid room with appropriate facilities.
4. Develop a care plan that sets out details of the above three points.
5. Consider allocating the person a dedicated locker to keep items needed during/after they have a seizure. This is likely to include:
- their care plan
- a breathable pillow
- a blanket
- any required medications
- a spare change of clothes.
Ideally, their line manager and first aiders would have a key to the locker, for use when the individual is unable to access the contents themselves.
6. Organise the individual’s work hours, tasks and pace to ensure:
- targets and workload are manageable
- lone working is avoided
- driving is not require
- shifts that might influence seizures or medication times are avoided
- adequate breaks are given
- there will be at least one first aider on site with the individual at all times.
7. Complete a display screen equipment workstation assessment and provide the necessary equipment. Someone who has epilepsy is likely to require a:
- LCD screen
- fully padded chair with armrests, high backrest, headrest and braking system
- padding around any hard surfaces or sharp corners (such as the desk)
- wireless headset
- large space around the workstation, free of any hazards (such as loose cables).
8. To ensure their safety in and around the workplace:
- consider implementing a buddy system or asking the individual to wear a fall-activated or pendant alarm
- reduce the need for them to use stairs, wherever possible (the importance of enforcing this is dependent on the nature and frequency of their seizures)
- (with the individual’s permission) inform everyone who regularly comes into close contact with them about the nature of their condition and how to react in an emergency situation – this includes site first aiders, close colleagues, reception staff, canteen staff and security staff.
9. Ensure the person has easy access to an accessible toilet and suggest they use it at all times so:
- there is more space, to reduce the risk of injury, should they have a seizure
- they can use the alarm pull cord to request assistance, if needed
- the door can be opened from the outside in the event of an emergency.
10. Complete a Personal Emergency Evacuation Plan (PEEP) for the individual, outlining:
how they will make their way to their nearest fire escape route
- what assistance they will need to get to the nearest fire escape route
- how they will travel down stairs to the final fire exit, including use of an evacuation chair and who is trained to use it
- what assistance they will need outside of the office at the assembly point.
Helping people with epilepsy at work
Epilepsy at work is a more common issue than you may have realised, and employers need to be aware of their responsibilities to help employees with this neurological condition – our 10 step guide provides a sound starting point. | <urn:uuid:ee713df5-093e-4182-9b2b-c8afe6b3e340> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.system-concepts.com/insights/epilepsy-workplace-10-step-guide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.940092 | 1,088 | 2.421875 | 2 |
- For ages 10 and up
- For 3 to 7 players
- About 30 minutes to complete
- Hand/Resource Management
- Strategy & Tactics
- Logical & Critical Decision Making
- Counting & Math
- Child – Moderate
- Adult – Easy
Theme & Narrative:
- Build your own ancient civilization in as little time as 30 minutes!
- Gamer Geek approved!
- Parent Geek approved!
- Child Geek approved!
7 Wonders is a game where players try to lead an ancient civilization from its earliest beginnings to become a world power. Players can develop their civilization as military powerhouse, establish a merchant state, or master science and technology. Over a series of three Ages, players will first develop a collection of resources that are used in later Ages to build structures, train a military, research technologies, and even build a world wonder. The player who has the most developed civilization (i.e. victory points) after the third Age wins the game.
- 7 Wonder boards
- 7 Wonder cards
- 49 Age I ”Foundation” cards
- 49 Age II ”Growth” cards
- 49 Age III ”Apogee” cards
- 42 Flag tokens
- 20 Gold coins
- 40 Silver coins
- 1 score pad
Component Break Down
These are heavy cardboard boards that are used to depict a player’s civilization. Each civilization starts with a base resource indicated in the upper left of the board and each civilization gets a special bonus for building the stages of their wonder (noted on the bottom of the board). These bonuses can be additional victory points at the end of the game, boosts to military might, bonus technologies, ways to build free structures, and other perks.
Ages I/II/III Cards
These cards are collected throughout the game in order to build up a civilization. The first Age consists mainly of raw resources such as ore, wood, glass, linen, and other building materials. These resources can then be used to build structures, research technologies, or develop the military over the course of the game. The second Age has a few more resources plus more structures. By the third Age, the only focus of the civilization is using previous resources from the first and second Age to build additional and very costly structures, technologies, and guilds that provide the player large amounts of victory points. In addition, each Age has military cards that can be played and used to attack players on the left and right of the player using them. The military might of the player’s civilization is calculated at the end of the game to give additional victory points.
Game Set Up
At the beginning of the game, each player is given a random Wonder board that represents one of 7 ancient civilizations such as Giza, Rhodes, and Alexandria. Then, three decks of cards representing Ages 1 through 3 are setup and shuffled. The number of cards in each deck is dependent on the number of players. The cards are clearly marked showing which cards will be used making it easy to organize the game. Any cards removed during the game set up are out for the duration of the game.
Each player then gets 3 Silver coins and all the Age I cards are dealt to the players. Once all the cards are dealt, each player will have 7 cards.
Now the game can begin.
Playing the Game
At the beginning of the first Age, each player looks at their hand of 7 cards, keeps one, plays it in front of them, and then passes the remaining cards in their hand to the player on their left. When a player plays a card, they must pay for the associated cost. This cost, as represented by resource icons, is in the upper left hand corner of the card. Any resources a player has on their civilization Wonder board can be used for free. If a player to the left or right has a resource the player needs, they can pay that player 2 Silver to use that resource. Note that the player doesn’t physically take the resource card from the player they purchase it from, but they do have access to it as if it was in front of them. Thematically speaking, consider it like a trade route between neighboring civilizations.
Players continue to play cards and pass their hands to the left until only two cards remain. The player then selects one of the two cards and discards the other. At the end of the first Age, the only point tallying that is done is based on military. The red military cards have military icons on them. A player compares the number of military icons to the number on the players to their left and right. Whoever has the highest gains a positive valued military token and the loser gets a -1 token.
The second Age deck is then shuffled and dealt to the players. Play begins again and is completed in the same fashion as the first Age, but this time the hands are passed to the right. At the conclusion of the second Age, military victories are scored and the third Age deck is dealt. At the end of the third Age, points are tallied, final scores are calculated, and the game is over.
At any time during any Age, a player can choose to take a card from their hand and play it face down under the lowest unfinished stage of their wonder. Each stage has a resource cost associated with it that must be paid.
Winning the Game
Scoring is done at the end of the game and victory points are gained based on several criteria. Some cards played have a victory point value that is added in, completed wonder stages have victory points, the military tokens (positive and negative) are added to the total, possible victory points earned by 3 types of technology that are researched over the course of the game, and collecting sets of those or multiples of the same type add victory point bonuses. In addition, there are some cards played that give victory points based on the types of cards you or your neighbors have played.
Once all the points are tallied, the player with the most victory points wins the game.
To learn more about 7 Wonders and read a full copy of the rules, see the game’s web page.
Even though 7 Wonders has been out a couple of years, I just recently bought the game based on the number of people I saw playing it at Origins 2012. It seemed to me that this game was under the arm of more people than any other game available. I had played the game once before, but at Origins I had the chance to play a couple more times and really liked it. The day I got home, I bought it and our family has enjoyed it ever since. The gameplay is addictive, the components are top-notch, the theme is great, and as a bonus, all my sons have memorized each of the seven ancient wonders.
A big plus is that this is a game that is quick to set up, plays quickly, and supports up to 7 people, which is good for families and gaming groups. When a game supports that many players, typically it suffers from long player downtime. But since each player is playing every turn, there is no downtime to speak of.
Gamer Geeks, since this game has been out a couple of years, most of my gamer friends have played it. Despite this fact and the game not being the “new hotness”, they still play it to this day and really enjoy it. There’s enough depth and strategy to keep a Gamer Geek interested over multiple plays because there are so many different ways to collect victory points. This provides the player lots of opportunity to explore new strategies and tactics.
Parent Geeks, my wife, the casual gamer, had no problem understanding the rules. But what I have found is that while the rules are easy to understand, the scoring is not. It takes at least one play through the game to see how scoring is done. I’ve taught this game to several people and their eyes glaze over as I tell them how points are collected. But once that first game is over, it’s like a lightbulb goes off in their head. They typically are anxious to play again because they now understand how to develop a strategy.
Child Geeks, my three sons had no problems grasping the rules. While my 9-year-old understood the rules, he had a little trouble developing a decent strategy. Just like adults, it will take at least one play through to understand the scoring. With younger children, it might take a couple of games. Strategies might be tougher for them to grasp because sometimes you have to be able to change a strategy in the middle of the game based on the cards that are being given to you. That can be frustrating for a younger child. As such, gauge whether the game is right for your little geek based on their geek skill level. The game publisher suggests a starting age of 10 and I think that is very appropriate.
With every game I play, I typically have some sort of knock on it. It’s not that I want to be negative, but no game is perfect. However, it’s really tough to come up with something I want to change about this game. I guess varying factors of luck could cause some frustration. There is also the fact that even best laid plans can be thwarted by the cards that are handed to you during a game. And in a game with a large number of players, the hand that the first person you pass to won’t be seen until the very end of the Age.
But aside from those nitpicks, I’m very pleased with this game. Because it plays so fast, it rarely gets played just once. Usually, we’ll re-shuffle the cards and go again. The ancient 7 Wonders took generations to build, but when you can do it in just 30 minutes, it’s worth doing again and again. | <urn:uuid:8eed5d3b-85b6-44a3-bb6a-2941c505414b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fathergeek.com/7-wonders/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.974951 | 2,064 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Using solar energy to power your home is a great way to help the environment, and the IRS wants to help you pay for it. Several states also offer tax credits for solar-powered and power-generating systems.
Federal Solar Tax Credits
The Energy Policy Act of 2005 first established a federal tax credit for solar photovoltaic and solar water heater systems; happily, this credit has been extended by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 out to the end of 2021 (the Act did not extend the deadline for most other types of energy tax credits).
The federal tax credit applies to both solar photovoltaic systems (a.k.a. solar panels) and solar water heaters placed in service between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2021. Note that it's a non-refundable credit, meaning it can't reduce someone's tax bill below $0. Any excess credit is simply lost.
Tax Credit Amounts
- This credit can be up to 30% of the solar equipment's cost (including fees for installation) through 2019.
- The solar tax credit will drop to 26% of the equipment's cost for credits filed in 2020.
- It will drop further to 22% during 2021.
- After 2021, the credit will disappear unless Congress chooses to extend it again.
Tax Credit Requirements for Solar Panels
- The photovoltaic system must be used to provide electricity for a residence.
- It must be installed at a home the taxpayer uses at least part of the time as a residence. Second homes qualify for the credit, but rental properties do not.
- It has to meet fire and electrical code standards.
Tax Credit Requirements for Solar Water Heaters
- At least 50 percent the water heater's energy must come from the sun.
- Taxpayers can only claim a credit for the solar-heated part of the house's entire water heating system.
- The heated water must be used in the house. Systems used to heat water for swimming pools or hot tubs don't qualify.
- The system has to be certified by the Solar Rating and Certification Corporation (SRCC) or a comparable government-endorsed entity. For example, ENERGY STAR certified solar water heaters also qualify.
State Solar Tax Credits
A few states offer tax credits for various types of solar-powered and photovoltaic systems. To find out if your state has this type of program, see the Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency (DSIRE), where a complete list of policies by state is published. A few states with particularly generous state tax credit programs include:
Oregon residents who add solar power to their homes can claim a tax credit based on the amount of energy the system generates. This credit can be as much as $6,000 per residence, though it's limited to 50% of the cost of the system. Similar credits are available for new solar water heating and solar space heating systems.
Taxpayers who install a solar energy device at an Arizona residence can receive a tax credit of 25% of the cost of the device, limited to a $1,000 maximum. Each such device can qualify for the 25% back, but the total credit is capped at $1,000 per residence.
Solar energy devices include a wide range of active and passive solar equipment such as photovoltaic systems, water heaters, and daylighting systems (devices to collect and redirect sunlight inside the house).
Residents who buy or lease solar energy equipment are eligible for a tax credit of 25% of the cost of the equipment, up to a maximum credit of $5,000. This credit is non refundable, but can be carried forward for up to five years.
New York also exempts solar energy equipment from state sales taxes in several jurisdictions, including New York City.
Claiming a Solar Tax Credit
To claim the federal solar tax credit, file Form 5695 with your federal tax return. Taxpayers claiming a state tax credit will need to consult their state tax board's website or call for assistance to identify the correct form. You can find this information for your state on the American Institute of CPAS (AICPA) website. If the forms seem at all unclear, it's wise to consult a tax professional for advice.
Keep All Records
Keep all receipts or records related to buying the solar equipment for as long as you own the equipment. Should you suffer an audit on the tax return for which you filed the credit, the IRS will definitely want to see paperwork backing up your investment in qualifying equipment. This information can also be helpful for non-tax purposes, such as filing an insurance claim if the equipment is damaged. | <urn:uuid:6f26b4fb-8dfa-4335-96b1-1c61ab953b51> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://taxes.lovetoknow.com/tax-deductions-credits/solar-tax-credits | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.954738 | 971 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Stranger in the Shogun’s City: A Woman’s Life in Nineteenth-Century Japan
A vivid, deeply researched work of history that explores the life of an unconventional woman in Edo – now known as Tokyo – and a portrait of a great city on the brink of momentous change
The daughter of a Buddhist priest, Tsuneno was born in 1804 in a rural Japanese village and was expected to live a life much like her mother’s. But after three divorces – and with a temperament much too strong-willed for her family’s approval – she ran away to make a life for herself in one of the largest cities in the world: Edo, a bustling metropolis at its peak.
With Tsuneno as our guide, we experience the drama and excitement of Edo just before the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry’s fleet, which would open Japan up to trade and diplomacy with the West for the first time. During this pivotal moment in Japanese history, Tsuneno bounces from tenement to tenement, marries a masterless samurai and eventually ends up in the service of a famous city magistrate. An extraordinary woman at an extraordinary time, Tsuneno’s life provides a window into nineteenth-century Japanese culture – and a rare view of a woman who sacrificed her family and her reputation to make a new life for herself, despite social conventions.
Immersive and gripping, Stranger in the Shogun’s City is a revelatory work of history, layered with rich detail and delivered in beautiful prose, about the life of a woman, a city and a culture.
About the Author
Amy Stanley received her PhD in East Asian Languages and Civilizations from Harvard University. During her graduate training, she spent years studying in Japan at Kansai University (Osaka) and Waseda University (Tokyo). She is now an associate professor of History at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois.
The LitVox Bookshop
Our bookshop’s range grows by the day. Moreover, we pride ourselves on being able to track down and obtain any book our customers want. Our recommendations service is open for all to use. If we recommend books to you through this service, we’ll be able gather up those books and send them to you no matter where you are in the world. We can even hand-write your greetings card with your personal message.
Remember that if you’re buying books as a gift, we also offer a wide-range of book prints, gifts and greetings cards for readers of all ages! Check out our print studio and gift-shop today. If you have any special requests for your order or need further gift inspiration, just contact our team at email@example.com, we’re ready and waiting to help! | <urn:uuid:e5a671d5-e2d2-4988-a53e-ac4968e8ab90> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://litvox.com/product/stranger-in-the-shoguns-city-a-womans-life-in-nineteenth-century-japan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.947907 | 585 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Total Partners PureCycle on PP Recycling
Under the agreement, Total has committed to purchase part of the PP output from PureCycle Technologies’ proposed facility in the US, as well as assess the interest in developing another new plant in Europe.
PureCycle Technologies’ patented recycling process, developed and licensed by Procter & Gamble, separates color, odor and other contaminants from plastic waste feedstock to transform it into virgin-like recycled PP. The company, which is managed by US venture capital firm Innventure, will start construction of its first plant in Lawrence County, Ohio this year, producing 48,000 t/y of recycled PP.
“This partnership is an important new milestone for Total as it strengthens the group’s position in chemical recycling,” said Valérie Goff, Total’s senior vice president, polymers. “This first partnership in the United States opens new perspectives for addressing the challenge of the circular economy and achieving our ambition of producing 30% recycled polymers by 2030.”
Total has become involved in both mechanical and chemical recycling of plastics. In February 2019, it bought Synova, a leading French producer of high-performance recycled PP for the automotive industry. Capacity is being doubled to 40,000 t/y by 2021.
Last December, the Paris-based group also joined forces with Citeo, Recycling Technologies, Nestlé and Mars to develop chemical recycling in France. The consortium will examine the technical and economic feasibility of recycling complex plastic waste, such as small, flexible and multilayered food-grade packaging, which is currently non-recyclable and either incinerated or sent to landfill.
PureCycle Technologies has also entered into several other partnerships. During 2019, it signed three separate deals; the first with industrial manufacturer Milliken & Co. and Nestlé; followed by one with leading beauty firm L’Oreal; and a third with AptarGroup, a US provider of packaging, dispensing and sealing products for a variety of markets. | <urn:uuid:1fb6b426-7dc3-4289-91d9-83bbc39239ec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.chemanager-online.com/en/news-opinions/headlines/total-partners-purecycle-pp-recycling | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949815 | 429 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Tim’s lost in obscurity (4)
I believe the answer is:
'obscurity' is the definition.
'tim's lost' is the wordplay.
'lost' indicates anagramming the letters.
'tims' anagrammed gives 'MIST'.
'in' is the link.
(Other definitions for mist that I've seen before include "Fret" , "Watery film" , "Obscure" , "Thin layer of fog" , "Cloud; thin fog" .) | <urn:uuid:5b565f88-9f79-40b3-bbf4-2b5320b56671> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.crosswordgenius.com/clue/tims-lost-in-obscurity | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.812059 | 121 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Functional safety awareness for Engineering, Operations, Maintenance and Project Managers
Including Operational Functional safety management and competency assessment
This one-day workshop is intended to make participants aware of the key factors that need to be considered during the application of the Functional Safety Standards IEC 61511 and IEC 61508 and to enable staff to fulfill their responsibilities, and to perform activities to recognised standards in order to
- demonstrate risk reduction when using SIF protection layers
- satisfy legal and regulatory requirements with respect to Functional Safety
- meet the organisation’s business objectives and contractual commitments.
- The principles and concepts of IEC 61508 and IEC 61511 and Functional Safety Management to address systematic failure avoidance
- Hazard identification, Tolerable risk targets, SIL determination using risk graphs, risk matrices, layers of protection analysis (LOPA) and Fault tree analysis (FTA)
- Developing the Safety Requirements Specification (SRS) and understanding the requirements for validation documentation
- Design and Development of safety-instrumented systems for protecting against process related hazards using the techniques and measures in IEC 61508 and IEC 61511.
- SIL demonstration calculations including, safe failure fractions, hardware fault tolerance, common cause failures (Beta factor correction), proof test interval determination, extracting reliability data from manufacturers certificates, reports and applying confidence levels to the data
- Requirements for proven in use evidence for existing installed equipment.
As this course is not accredited there is no formal assessment, however our team can write a basic competency assessment to suit your needs and provide a certificate of completion.
No previous experience necessary.
Who Should Attend?
Design, Operating and Maintenance Managers, Engineers and Technicians who are involved in any of the Functional Safety lifecycle phases
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To book an In House course or for more information on any of our courses please get in touch... | <urn:uuid:fef390cc-74e7-463c-a4af-b1b950137705> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://efstas.com/products/functional-safety-awareness-for-engineering-operations-maintenance-and-project-managers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.891562 | 480 | 1.695313 | 2 |
March 15, 2022 by Staff Reporter
Last night the House of Lords voted through the Statutory Instrument (SI) which will remove restrictions from GMO field trials in England. This new law comes into force 4 April.
The new regulation amends the UK’s Environmental Protection Act 1990 creating a regulatory exemption for field trials of GMOs that “could have occurred naturally” or been created through traditional breeding.
It was voted through without much opposition and without any accompanying scientific guidance on how to determine if a GMO is “natural”. We are told this guidance will come at the end of April; however, this will be non-statutory and, therefore, non-binding.
The government insists that this is a “limited” change. However, with this new legislation anyone wishing to plant this entirely hypothetical subset of GMOs can essentially self-certify that their GMOs are natural/traditional and will no longer need to seek permission to conduct a trial or to plant an experimental GMO crop for any “non-marketing” reason (non-marketing can include research but it can also include seed multiplication or demonstration fields or gardens).
Under the new rules:
Secondary legislation is a way of making changes to legislation with a minimum of fuss and debate. However, the government did not get the easy ride it was hoping for.
Via our e-action platform Beyond GM supporters generated hundreds of letters to MPs helping to raise the level of awareness of this issue in the House of Commons. The report of the Secondary Legislation Scrutiny Committee, (which made the national news and was featured on Farming Today) as well as the debates in the House of Commons Delegated Legislation Committee and in the House of Lords raised issues which the government simply had no answers to – issues which we have helped to raise.
This meant that the government was challenged every time it attempted to misrepresent the results of last year’s public consultation by insinuating that citizens were in favour of deregulation and it ensured a high profile for all the groups and institutions that challenged Defra on its contention that there were GMOs that “could have occurred naturally”.
This decision is a blow but there will be more opportunities to push back on the progress of deregulation.
We anticipate that the next challenge will be the Government White Paper on implementing the suggestions made in the National Food Strategy (NFS).
This is important because the NFS was very positive about GMO crops and foods as sustainability “tools”. You can read more about our concerns here, and we will, of course, keep you up to date as things unfold. | <urn:uuid:46e386f1-27bb-482a-9bf9-ca42a3f24bf6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beyond-gm.org/uk-removes-barriers-from-gmo-field-trials/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.969789 | 538 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Why don’t today’s children respect their parents? Parents who grow up their children all their lives, give them a good education and fulfill every thing they want, even forget their own desires and comforts. And when the same children stand in front of them , ask for a share in the property, or leave their old parents alone at that stage, what happens to them?
Why Children Don’t Give Values?
There are many reasons behind this:
Actions Speaks Louder than Words
The environment around us is very important in the training of children. Children feel and observe every minor or major thing around us. If the parents do not get along with each other, their selected words and actions against each other captured in the minds of children. Of course, they should not directly do this work. But the children see who is talking to whom and how important it is as we are at home, talk to the employee and give them orders. In the same way, children talk and adopt parents accent. How do they know he is an employee and how to talk to him? He looks at you and adopts your accent.
When a child speaks rudely to someone, it is everyone’s duty to guide the child, because training is not just a mother’s duty. Everyone in the house is involved in the training process and makes a better environment for all to live with others.
Objective for Role Model
We put it in his mind from the beginning that when you grow up, you have to become a doctor, engineer, etc., you have to earn money, that’s all that remains in his mind. Human values, love, sense of duty, love of country and nation do not remain.
He becomes a great man, earns money, but the feeling dies. Then he does not like to live in his small village. He wants to go from village to city and from city to other country. He will never think of his people as his country. Whenever he thinks, he will think for himself because that is what he has been taught. Because they do not have equal opportunities, they have to leave their home, leave their city and go to another city, even out of the country.
In such a situation, if they keep their parents with them, they do not like the new place, they do not find anyone to talk to. Because the surrounding environment is new, they get tired quickly and fed up, which makes the family relations worse. In this situation, children are forced to keep their parents in an old age house, which is also considered bad in our society. And children are considered disobedient.
Surrounding Matters affects
On the other hand, the daughter-in-law and mother-in-law do not get along with each other. Even after getting fed up with daily quarrels, it is decided to send the parents to an old age house. So they think that parents and they can live in peace. If children get equal opportunities for education and employment, they will not have to leave their parents, nor will they have to leave their homes and places for the sake of their children’s future.
Role Model during Use of Social Media
Now if we talk about teenage children, there are many reasons in their upbringing. The most important role is played by social media. Unnecessary use of the Internet make strange and alienated both children and adults. Now, instead of spending time with each other, social media like Facebook, YouTube, etc. are preferred. If the parents forbid the children, they will further say that you also use. It is the same thing that if the mother reads the book then the child will also do what the child sees.
Lake of Responsibilities
Today’s mothers stay away from their responsibilities by giving mobile phones in the hands of their children. They get upset when the child uses it too much. The child learns from the people around him. Today’s children are very observant and answer questions about everything and give their own opinions about things.
Parents are also worried about the unequal distribution of wealth because when their child’s friend posts pictures of their car’s ‘big house’ branded clothes and shoes or pictures of food in a restaurant on Facebook, their child’s hearts. It is a bad attitude that the child also commands his parents to fulfilling his demands, if not the child stands in front of his parents with rude behavior and to cross every line of respect.
Make Elders as Role Model
Another reason that emerges is the distance between the first generation and the third generation. Today’s children do not spend time with their elders due to excessive use of social media, they do not know the difference between good and bad. The elders of the house have learned a lot from lives, their knowledge, experience and observation are very much.
We should benefit from their knowledge and that is possible only when we and our children spend time with them. And when guidance about elders’ respect is not told, how can we expect them to respect us? You will reap which will you sow today.
How Parents Plays as Role Model for Children
The need is that we have to do a lot of positive things to improve society. First of all, education must be made universal on an equal opportunity. Government and private schools must provide equal educational opportunities so that no one has to leave their parents. Then employment opportunities will have to be provided so that they can stay with their parents and serve them and take their prayers.
Read about: Parenting in the Pandemic
We need to restrict our social media so that they can promote their culture and raise awareness. Improve their morals by playing a positive role in society. Teach them the principles of life according to their religion of Islam so that they can move on the path of progress. Live a better life we have to change our moral values.
You have to change yourself, be a role model. Only then will we be able to play our part. And our conscience will be satisfied. And our future generations will demonstrate superiority. We have our own role in building and spoiling them. So change yourself first. Children will learn by watching you. Not what you want to teach. Rather, they will learn what you are doing in front of them.
Related: 10 Good Parenting Tips | <urn:uuid:12f36197-47d1-40ec-85aa-a467801f140e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://liveinfotime.com/role-model/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.979982 | 1,310 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Facebook is under fire in Africa for undermining democracy, with critics saying the social media giant has allowed its platform to be weaponised for co-ordinated misinformation campaigns.
The role of false news has taken centre stage in every single one of the continent’s eight national polls this year – and last week Facebook said an Israel political consultancy was behind much of it.
It banned Archimedes Group, which it said was responsible for a network of those masquerading as African nationals, and removed 265 Facebook and Instagram pages and groups involved in “co-ordinated inauthentic behaviour” mainly targeting Nigeria, Senegal, Togo, Angola, Niger and Tunisia.
Nanjira Sambuli, from the World Wide Web Foundation, says it has taken Facebook too long to pay attention to this problem in developing countries.
“Democracies are at risk on this continent, and unfortunately, social media platforms are fast becoming the sites of aggravation,” she told the BBC.
Some feel the continent’s weak regulations on privacy and data protection have meant Africa has been used as a “guinea pig” for privacy violations.
“We’re a training ground. Once it works in Africa, they replicate that and they use it across other geographies,” Cameroonian tech entrepreneur Rebecca Enonchong told the BBC.
She cites the Cambridge Analytica scandal as a prime example of the pass Facebook gets in Africa for the same wrongdoing for which Western regulators were less forgiving.
In 2018, Facebook and British data analytics firm Cambridge Analytica were at the centre of a dispute over the harvesting and use of personal data of more than 230 million users, using it to try and alter how people voted in multiple countries including Nigeria and Kenya.
As a result of the scandal, Cambridge Analytica closed operations and the US Senate summoned Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg to testify before Congress.
In reaction to last week’s Facebook announcement, Congolese blogger Simeon Nkola Matamba tweeted: “The question should rather be why does Facebook feel comfortable doing in Africa what they’d be less likely to do in other parts of the world? As much as Facebook must comply with ethics, our institutions and regulators must up their game (if they have any) and protect people’s rights.”
Those behind the Israeli-linked Facebook pages spent about $812,000 (£641,000) on the platform between December 2012 and April 2019 and gained a total of 2.8 million followers. –BBC | <urn:uuid:69b08285-b28d-4894-93c3-f58e998008f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/%EF%BB%BFis-facebook-undermining-democracy-in-africa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.956399 | 530 | 1.773438 | 2 |
We go to bed with the intention of waking up feeling alive and rejuvenated, only to spend the rest of the day counting down the hours until we can soundly sleep again. We’ve all been there. But, did you know that exercise can actually help you sleep better and improve your mental alertness the next day?
If you’re feeling like you can’t overcome the tired, procrastinating phase before a workout, give these tips a go:
Finding the energy and motivation to workout after a long and stressful day is a lot like looking for a misplaced item. Stop to breathe, clear your mind, retrace your steps, and refer back to your routine.
Longevity Living, an aspirational lifestyle blog by Longevity Fitness Charleston, is your source for all things fitness, nutrition and wellness. Be sure to subscribe to our weekly newsletter for scroll-worthy articles, must-watch videos from our expert trainers, studio updates & more. | <urn:uuid:49859127-e42c-43de-a0f8-bd63395ea01e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.thelongevityclub.com/fitness/finding-the-energy-and-motivation-to-workout-after-a-long-day | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.914908 | 202 | 1.710938 | 2 |
In his speech on Pentecost, Peter links this event with a call to conversion and baptism. Many people were baptized on this day.
Pentecost is thus the day of the church’s origin, its beginning. On this feast day, Christians celebrate the birthday of the church.
The Spirit of Pentecost or Holy Spirit keeps Jesus alive among the faithful. He is described in the Bible as a wind: you cannot see him, but you can feel him. He connects, liberates, opens the eyes to injustice and the mouth for truth. The Holy Spirit is also the one who brings people out of death to life. Since the Middle Ages, his symbol has been the dove. | <urn:uuid:bae1d7c3-2480-4494-8c72-db5b0e4190d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.evref.ch/en/faith-life/christian-feast-days/pentecost/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.984056 | 144 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Further evidence supporting the safety of two antiseizure medications in pregnancy has come from a new study.
The Maternal Outcomes and Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs (MONEAD) study found no difference in neurobehavioral development in children at age 3 born to women with epilepsy compared with children of healthy women without epilepsy. Most of the women with epilepsy in the study took either lamotrigine or levetiracetam during their pregnancy, or a combination of the two.
However, a secondary analysis suggested a possible signal of exposure-dependent effects on child outcomes — worse outcomes with higher exposure levels — with levetiracetam.
The results have been released ahead of their presentation at the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) 2021 Annual Meeting being held virtually April 17 to 22, 2021.
"Our new study adds confidence to the use of lamotrigine and levetiracetam during pregnancy, adding larger numbers with a new cohort. In addition, it provides some preliminary data on some of the other new antiseizure medications, and it is the first study to address the effects of clearance in pregnancy to better assess exposure," lead investigator, Kimford J. Meador, MD, told Medscape Medical News. "Overall, I am reassured by this data, but there is still a lot that is unknown," he added.
"Our main results show no difference in verbal index or general conceptual ability scores in children born to women with epilepsy compared to children born to healthy women. This is a big positive message," Meador said.
In terms of secondary analysis focusing on exposure levels (dose and blood levels of antiseizure medications), there was no overall signal of harm when looking at the whole group, but when the researchers analyzed the data on individual drugs, they found a "slight signal" toward reduced verbal index scores with increasing exposure levels with levetiracetam. No differences were seen on general conceptual ability.
"In the secondary analysis there was a marginal signal for exposure levels with levetiracetam, with increased blood levels of the drug associated with reduced verbal index scores," reported Meador, professor of neurology and neurological sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine in Palo Alto, California. "We saw some signal in the children when they were 2 years old and this was still there but not as striking at 3 years old."
He said these secondary results should be interpreted with extreme caution.
"We don't want to over emphasize these secondary findings, as the primary outcome showed no difference, and there was no effect on exposure levels when looking at all the drugs together. I don't want to oversimplify this as I am still not sure whether this is a real association or not," Meador commented.
He explained that conducting neurobehavioral tests on 2- and 3-year-olds was very difficult. "It is more of an artform than science, and as the children get older these signals often dissipate. We will know more by the time they are 6 when these tests become easier to conduct," he said. He also noted that the results would need to be replicated in a different cohort.
"I don't think these results would change how we manage women during pregnancy in terms of using levetiracetam. It is still a safe drug during pregnancy," Meador said.
He pointed out that data on safety in pregnancy is only available for very few antiseizure drugs. "There are over 30 antiseizure medications, but we have adequate data in pregnancy on only a handful. We have data suggesting lamotrigine, levetiracetam and carbamazepine appear to be relatively safe, and evidence showing phenobarbital and valproate are not safe."
Antiseizure medications as a class are among the most commonly prescribed teratogenic drugs given to women of childbearing age, Meador noted. They are used not only for epilepsy but also for many other psychiatric and pain indications, so these results are applicable to quite a broad population, he added.
He pointed out that previous studies did not assess exposure using blood levels, which is important, as clearance of drug increases during pregnancy but varies across antiseizure medications and across individuals on the same drug. "Thus, it is unclear if these changes could obscure exposure-dependent effects. Our present studies assessed blood levels to better measure fetal exposure."
He explained that risk for adverse effects with antiseizure medication always needed to be balanced with risk for seizures if the medication was not used.
"In women planning a pregnancy, we recommend that they plan ahead with their physician to try and use the safest antiseizure medication and gain good control beforehand and then maintain the same blood levels of whichever drug is being used during pregnancy," Meador said. "At present, lamotrigine and levetiracetam are the two safest drugs to use in pregnancy. They both look generally very safe compared with some other epilepsy drugs such as valproate which poses a serious risk to cognitive and behavioral development."
He also advised that women should be taking folic acid regularly as this has been shown to be related to improved cognitive and behavioral outcomes. "Since half of pregnancies are not planned, it is important to take these actions before pregnancy," he added.
The current study involved 289 women with epilepsy and 89 women without epilepsy, all of whom enrolled in the study during pregnancy. Use of antiseizure medications was recorded. Of the women with epilepsy, 74% were on monotherapy, with 43% on lamotrigine and 37% on levetiracetam. There were 4% who took no drug and 22% took more than one drug. Of those who took more than one drug, close to half took a combination of lamotrigine and levetiracetam. Levels of medications in the blood of the women with epilepsy were measured in the third trimester.
For the current analysis, the children were evaluated at age 3 with a series of cognitive and developmental tests that measured vocabulary, listening comprehension, number recall, and pattern recognition, and results were adjusted for mother's IQ, education level, age at enrollment, postbirth average BAI (Beck Anxiety Inventory score), and child's ethnicity, sex, and breastfeeding status.
The primary outcome showed that verbal Index scores at age 3 did not differ for children of women with epilepsy versus those for children of women without epilepsy (LS mean 102.7 versus 102.1).
Antiseizure medication exposure as evident by the maximum third trimester blood levels was not related to verbal index scores (n=265; adjusted parameter estimate, -1.9; 95% confidence interval, -6.8 to 3.1).
General conceptual ability scores also did not differ between the two groups: 105.1 for children of women with epilepsy versus 103.5 for children of healthy women.
In terms of exposure levels, the third trimester maximum observed ratio of antiseizure medication blood levels was not significantly associated with adjusted general conceptual ability scores for children of women with epilepsy; neither were monotherapies or polytherapies evaluated separately, Meador reported.
However, when the verbal index scores for the main antiepileptic drug groups were analyzed separately, exposure level to levetiracetam was the only one that was significant, with a P value of .028. But Meador again stressed that this finding should be interpreted with caution given that it is a secondary exploratory analysis without control for multiple comparisons.
The researchers plan to assess these children at older ages where evaluations are more sensitive to ultimate outcomes.
"Information on use in pregnancy for most antiseizure medications are still unknown, so further studies to assess risks for the newer antiseizure medications are needed,” Meador added. "Further, additional research is needed on the underlying mechanisms including genetic predispositions since teratogens act on a susceptible genotype."
American Academy of Neurology (AAN) 2021 Annual Meeting. To be presented April 17-22, 2021.
The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
Medscape Medical News © 2021
Cite this: More Reassurance for Certain Antiseizure Drugs in Pregnancy - Medscape - Mar 10, 2021. | <urn:uuid:f5d73395-0acd-4ebe-a7f0-59d81d681f67> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.staging.medscape.com/viewarticle/947241 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.965744 | 1,737 | 2.375 | 2 |
The astrology continues to intensify until the end of July and into early August. Exacting on August 1st, Mars and Uranus come together 18°+ of the tropical zodiac. Placements here are being activated.
The point at which they come together is often referred to as the North Node. The nodes are not a planet or static point. They are mathematical by nature, a demarcator of where the moon crosses what is called the ‘ecliptic’ at any particular moment.
The ecliptic is what you want to consider when you see planets transiting the North Node. If you created a plane that bisected both the Earth and the Sun… that is the ecliptic.
Energies meet and intensify at mathematically precise portals. The ecliptic is an example of such a meeting point. It is the energetic superhighway between the Earth and the Sun. Considering that the Sun is the most influential star in our neighborhood, the Node is a power point of connectivity here on Earth. When planets come together here, they are thrust forward into our consciousness. In addition, they are projected forward into their highest potential. The light and energy of the Sun is always guiding us. The energy from the Sun, trapped in the Earth and her many plants, minerals, and animals are what allow us to do the things that we do in our lives.
The North Node or point at which the moon crosses the ecliptic is where the moon is aligned with the Sun and Earth. It is this relationship that leads to eclipse cycles. Very powerful indeed. The nodal axis has a way of holding us accountable and righting the ship, in my experience.
Mars and Uranus come together about once every two+ years. In the unique event that Mars Retrograde is near Uranus, it could occur up to 3 times in a year. Not this time. ((And not for a long time. In 2033, the Mars Rx will be in opposition to Uranus, check in in 11 years to see how that goes. The triple conjunction won’t happen in 2045 either at the next potential. So consider this parenthetical a moot point exploration of astrological nerdom.))
So we have these two powerful and explosive energies coming together at a power point. What can we expect?
Well, we can expect to be enlivened. Little things seem to become big or disappear altogether. This time could be filled with irritability, especially if we lack freedom of expression or movement. Change is inevitable and will lead to the release of blocked energies. Just last night I rearranged my bedroom and office just 15 minutes before a session. That is the energy of this time.
People and places reorganizing and forming movements. The body becoming fed up with certain activities or lack thereof. If we are not willing to examine our patterns, this time will kick our ass. If we enjoy understanding the why and remain unattached… we will thrive.
Fighting is a sign that you need to relax. Ironically, when we start arguments, we may release pent up energy, but overall we create unhealthy patterns. Sexual release is important but we may not be in the mood, so handle yourself first.
One of the greatest scams of our time is to shame sexual expression in all forms. It is a built in way that we can release pent up energy. Use it this way. Overall, fuck shame. Your value does not change because of what you choose to do or not do with your body.
The chance for revolutionary and unexpected events is high. Those types of events that interrupt your regularly scheduled programming, that’s Mars and Uranus. Be careful when you are hiking, driving, or flying. Say an extra prayer and do your best to stay calm. Remember that the more calm you are, the more calm the environment around you. This is how we change things from within. We foster a space of peace and give others permission to do so.
With the madness that is portrayed at every turn these days, be a lighthouse of calm and acceptance. The division we experience is nothing but sadness and fear. The arguments and battles with others give us a toxic break from our own experiences. To become numb to this pattern is to lose hope. Don’t become numb. If you are angry.. GOOD. But please do not forget that you love yourself too much to hate other people.
Bite your tongue if you need to. Confront someone who makes you uncomfortable. Speak your piece without needing anyone else to validate you. It is yours, right?
This time is a sad anxious song, that beats into your heart. Can you feel the love, escaping from the hurt parts. Sometimes we have to die, in order to be reborn. Can't have something new, if we don't acknowledge, the pain, the hurt, the anger. But that won't steer the ship, gotta right your mind with it. What is it that you want, how can you achieve A life without the strife, standing for what you believe Allowing others to dance, their souls eternal dance Maybe you lend a helping hand, without giving up your stance We will find a way through, or it will bore a hole through us Don't allow the mess to mess you up It's not yours to clean, from inside, from inside its NEW Start again with every moment | <urn:uuid:6d84f50d-26d1-4b04-a3c7-bc716ee1a8e8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://astrologywithjames.com/2022/07/22/uranus-mars-conjunction-late-july-fireworks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.947297 | 1,107 | 2.078125 | 2 |
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People who have wall switches for their gas fireplaces frequently have problems with the pilot flame not lighting even after the main burner is turned on. If you've ever encountered this problem and are looking for a solution, then keep reading. We've done some research and have answers right here for you!
There are two different approaches to repairing the wall switch that controls a gas fireplace. Also, the particular problems that it has are what will determine which of these solutions is best for you. Let's take a brief look at them:
- The switch has malfunctioned. To fix this, you have to install a new millivolt switch.
- The wiring may be faulty or rusted. Replacing the wiring can help fix this problem.
The good news is that each of these problems can be tested without much difficulty and can be resolved with surprisingly little effort. Read on to learn more about gas fireplaces and the possible fixes you can do if your gas fireplace switch is not working.
How Do Gas Fireplaces work?
For those unfamiliar with gas fireplaces, we will begin with the fundamentals. What does the wall switch do for a gas fireplace?
A fireplace wall switch is a simple toggle switch that opens or shuts the circuit between both the thermopile and gas valve. It runs at millivolts, allowing it to operate with extremely low-voltage electricity. Also, it is applied as a safety mechanism that prevents the gas valve from opening if the pilot light isn't functioning properly.
To give you a better understanding of its function, we also need to take a step back and examine the interaction between the thermopile, the pilot light, and the gas valve.
Thermopile is meant to generate around half a volt of power (between 650 and 850 millivolts) if it is heated for roughly two minutes. This heat is supplied by the pilot light, which is a little flame that burns continuously.
After the wall switch has been engaged, the electric current travels out from the thermopile to the gas valve, where it activates the gas valve.
If you do not flip the switch to the "off" position, the gas valve will not open, and the fireplace will not light.
Possible Fixes for Malfunctioning Gas Fireplace Switches
There are a variety of reasons why the wall switch on a gas fireplace is not functioning properly. The following is a list of these reasons and things that you can do to fix the problem.
The Switch Has Malfunctioned
Checking to see if the switch has failed or not is the first step in troubleshooting. Wall switches for fireplaces aren't exactly high-priority items, so it's possible for them to break without much effort.
If this happens, turning on the fireplace will no longer be an option for you, because if the circuit that is located behind the wall switch is not closed, the pilot light will not transmit a "green" signal to the gas valve. As a result, the fireplace will not operate in any way.
To check whether or not the switch has failed, you need to find a way to operate the fireplace without using the wall switch.
If the circuits are shut and the thermopile continues to function normally, then the switch is confirmed to be "faulty."
Here is the step-by-step guide on how to accomplish that:
- By removing the flat screws, you can detach the cover plate that was attached to the wall switch.
- Remove any more screws that may be securing the switch to the wall. When this is done, the switch will become accessible.
- After the switch has been removed, you should verify whether or not it is the one for the fireplace wall. The electrical lines that connect to it will be considerably more slender than those typically used (in your fan, light, etc). If this is not the case, you have probably confused the switch for the fireplace with another control.
- Unscrew the terminal screws that are holding the wire in place on the switch in order to separate the wire from the switch.
- Connect the two wires and twist them many times while they are connected. This is done to ensure that the switch is not activated and that the circuit is closed.
- Try to start the fireplace by using the pilot light and the ignition switch.
Just about the only alternative in this situation is to replace the fireplace switch. These switches, known as millivolt switches, are quite distinct from conventional wall switches.
But what is a millivolt switch?
As opposed to standard 120V wall switches, millivolt switches are made to operate on millivolt circuits such as gas fireplaces. Also, other electric appliance wires, the ones that link to a fireplace switch, are noticeably thicker.
To replace the fireplace switch with a new one, follow the instructions below:
- Switch off the fireplace's pilot and ignition.
- Find the proper location for the switch. Make sure you can access the switch from the gas valve using a 15-foot wire. Skip this step if you're replacing a switch with preinstalled wire.
- Remove the wires by unscrewing the terminal screws that hold the wire.
- If you have the ability to attach a spade terminal, you should do so because they provide a secure connection. In that case, simply give the ends of the wires a twist and insert them into the appropriate terminal screws.
- After reattaching the switch to the wall, connect both sets of flat screws. One set should be used for the switch frame, and the other should be used for the switch cover.
The Wiring May Be Faulty or Rusted
If the issue with the fireplace switch has not been resolved, the next step is to determine whether or not there is a problem with the wire. Either a damaged wire or a wire with a loose lead could be the cause of the problem.
The following are the measures that need to be taken in order to locate a loose wire:
- Using a flat screwdriver, remove the screws holding the switch cover plate and the switch itself.
- Examine the terminals to see if there is a wired connection that is not secure.
- After you have ensured that the connections are secure, check to see if the fireplace is operational.
- Finish tightening the flat screws, then reinstall the wall switch in its original location.
That wraps it up! There is no need for any additional repairs.
However, if the wire is defective, the method will be entirely different and more difficult. You will need to cut the wire that is connected to the gas valve. Performing it involves the following steps:
- Open the gas valve's control panel.
- Two terminals, known as "TH" and "TP," can be found.
- Take a small insulated wire, a jumper wire, or a paperclip. Connect the bare ends to the terminals mentioned above.
- Turn on the fireplace. If it works, a faulty wire has been identified.
If you are able to determine that a wire is faulty in this manner, you should remove the faulty wire and replace it with a new one.
Take note that the wire gauge that is used to connect the fireplace wall switch must be 18 AWG. Nothing larger or smaller can be used. If you haven't already done so, we strongly suggest that you purchase the following wires:
Once you get the wires, follow the steps below for replacing faulty wiring in a gas fireplace switch:
- To ensure the proper operation of your fireplace, make sure the wires are connected to both the "TH" and "TP" terminals.
- Using the fireplace grommet, insert the wire's opposite end. This is where the wire will be inserted.
- Using a hacksaw, cut a hole in the drywall/wall and insert the wire. Rather than using gang boxes, switches can be installed directly instead.
- Use flat screws to connect the wires to the switch.
- Turn the fireplace on once to ensure the connection is correct.
- Finally, screw the switch into the wall to close it up.
Can I use a regular switch for a fireplace?
A thermopile in a fireplace only generates millivolts, which is a far cry from the 120V that the light switch was intended to handle. Probably all that needs to be done is locate a switch that has a resistance that is sufficiently low.
It could most likely be accomplished with a low-voltage switch purchased at a local electronics retailer or salvaged from a child's toy, such as a 12V SPST.
Does a gas fireplace need electricity to ignite?
A spark from an electric source is needed to light the pilot light. If there is no power, the fireplace won't light.
Many IPI ignition systems for gas fireplaces use a battery-powered backup module to start the unit when the power goes out in the house.
The reason why your gas fireplace wall switch isn't working could be due to a malfunctioning switch or a faulty wire. You can easily troubleshoot these issues.
If you are doubtful as to whether or not you will be able to perform the repair on your own, you should contact the manufacturer in order to be sent to a local specialist. If the work on the thermopile was performed by an authorized specialist, there is a possibility that a defective thermopile will be covered by the warranty.
Check out these articles below for more HVAC-related information: | <urn:uuid:807634e5-e8ef-4ecf-8240-10f13b772a70> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hvacseer.com/gas-fireplace-switch-not-working-what-to-do/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.928603 | 1,982 | 2.140625 | 2 |
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As a rule, three-section motors have develop into the established expertise for automobiles. It may be useful to make use of our auto insurance coverage protection calculator to see what other drivers like you – your age, in your state – choose, and what we recommend. They’re permanent magnet synchronous motors PMAC (sinusoidal waveform) and the carefully related BLDC (trapezoidal) and asynchronous “AC induction” motors all of which give regenerative braking and reverse with minimal price and hassle. | <urn:uuid:ce52681c-9339-4fea-a911-b1e51534ceaf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://amegas.net/american-honda-motor-co-inc-2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.921053 | 475 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Calculate With Confidence. Sixth ed. by Deborah Gray Morris. Shelved at 615.14 MOR
This popular text covers the ratio and proportion, formula, and dimensional analysis methods offering a step-by-step approach to the calculation and administration of drug dosages. With over 2,000 practice problems, Gray Morris focuses on enhancing the learning experience of nursing students at all curricular levels by making content clinically applicable. | <urn:uuid:c5a0d2bd-5e42-4f40-99d7-5d28782b0bd8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rcsibahrainelibrary.com/recent/38 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.893198 | 96 | 1.953125 | 2 |
31 January 17
Elleke Boehmer is Professor of World Literature in English in the English Faculty, University of Oxford, and currently Director of the Oxford Research Centre in the Humanities (TORCH). She is a founding figure in the field of colonial and postcolonial studies, and internationally known for her research in anglophone literatures of empire and anti-empire. She is an acclaimed novelist and short story writer, most recently of The Shouting in the Dark. She is the author of the cultural history, Nelson Mandela: A Very Short Introduction, Colonial and Postcolonial Literature: Migrant Metaphors, and Empire, the National, and the Postcolonial, 1890-1920 (all published by Oxford University Press). | <urn:uuid:9772826f-a0df-4f8d-944b-4e9947a7bdd0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://resourcespace.wolf.ox.ac.uk/resourcespace/pages/view.php?ref=9495&k=9c41ee52f6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.927296 | 170 | 1.8125 | 2 |
to enhance the scientific and innovation capacity of IGIC and twinned partners;
to raise the research profile of IGIC and partner organisations in the three priority topics;
to enhance the qualification, competitiveness and social status of young scientists.
Description of work:
Task 2.1. Lectures delivered by twinned partners on:
Task 2.1.1. Advanced in situ/operando methods for analysis of catalysts and sorbents. Manufacturing of thin films and their characterisation. Modelling catalyst surfaces. Lecturers from ICMS and Imperial.
Task 2.1.2. Novel synthesis routes to design eco-compatible electrode materials. Ageing and fatigue of electrode materials. Surface- and interface analysis. Post-lithium ion batteries. Carbon-based energy materials. Composite materials for energy storage. Lecturers from IAM-ESS, Imperial and ICMS.
Task 2.1.3 Novel preparation methods of porous biomaterials. Formation of ultra-thin surface oxides on base metals. Raman spectroscopy studies on glasses and ceramics. Computation methods and their application to materials and nanotechnology. Lecturers from Imperial and ICMS.
Task 2.2. Lectures delivered by IGIC experts on:
Task 2.2.1. IGIC’s achievements on materials and thin films for environmental protection: (i) application of isotopes in in-situ FTIR studies; (ii) FTIR assessing acidity of weakly acidic hydroxyls; (iii) lowering the gap between catalytic and spectroscopic studies.
Task 2.2.2. IGIC’s achievements on materials for clean energy storage: (i) lithium versuspolyvalent ion intercalation – hybrid metal ion systems for energy storage; (ii) electrode materials for post-lithium ion batteries: EPR and NMR characterisation; (iii) polyanion compounds as electrode materials for hybrid metal ion batteries.
Task 2.2.3 IGIC’s achievements on ceramics/bioceramics and glasses for better life; (i) non-traditional glasses as optic media; (ii) kinetics and thermodynamic modelling of biomimetic systems for synthesis of calcium phophates biomaterial; (iii) quantum chemical modelling of systems with desirable optoelectronic properties.
Task 2.3. Face-to-face on-site practice training of IGIC scientists in Imperial, IAM-ESS and ICMS. election of visitors will be based on their motivation letters.
Task 2.4. Virtual training of the ICIG specialists on advanced methods and approaches of materials characterisation and manufacturing – permanent.
Task 2.5. Conducting of internships of members of twinned organisations in IGIC laboratories.
Task 2.6. Organisation of summer schools on:
Task 2.6.1 Methods, 5 days, scheduled for the first year of the project, Imperial
Task 2.6.2 OperaCat: 5 days, scheduled for the second year of the project, ICMS,
Task 2.6.3 NanoSciece@Surfaces, 5 days, scheduled for the third year of the project, Imperial
Task 2.7. Organisation of Global Postgraduate Retreats on:
Task 2.7.1 Teams and Communication: 2 days, scheduled the first year of the project, Imperial
Task 2.7.2 Impact and Influence: 2 days, scheduled for the second year of the project, Imperial.
Task 2.8. Selection of external participants in the summer schools and courses (CV and motivation letter).
Task 2.9. Elaboration of Mid-term and Final reports of WP2.
to ensure project visibility to a broad scientific, business and social audience;
to raise European public awareness of the role of materials science plays for resolving the global challenges;
to spread the project excellence towards National centres of excellence and Regional research centres in synchrony with Bulgaria’s Smart Specialisation Strategy.
Description of work:
Task 4.1. Updating of the draft Plan for Results Dissemination and Exploitation;
Task 4.2. Preparation of joint publications in peer-reviewed journals on materials science from the first quartile(Q1) including ‘gold’open access mode;
Task 4.3. Attendance to conferences and scientific meetings at both national and international level;
Task 4.4. Organisation of workshops:
Task 4.4.1. Operando Workshop: 3 days, scheduled for first year of the project, IAM-ESS
Task 4.4.2 SizeMat: 3 days, scheduled for the second year of the project, IGIC.
Task 4.5. PR activities for mass and media communications;
Task 4.6. Organisation of IGIC open-days – each year;
Task 4.7. Outreach activities: organisation of professional-quality exhibition “Insight into materials functioning”;
Task 4.8. Outreach activities: organisation of briefings with policy makers and discussion seminars and meetings with and representatives of national Centres of excellence, Regional research centres and business clusters for the transfer of the good practices acquired under the project;
Task 4.9. Presentations at European Researcher’s Night, organized in Bulgaria and Spain at the end of September of every year.
Task 4.10. Elaboration of Mid-term and Final reports of WP4.
to organize and control the whole administrative and financial activities of the project, as well as its performance over time and tasks;
to carry out regular contacts with EC representatives;
to ensure a sustainable cooperation between the partners beyond the project.
Description of work:
Task 5.1. Organisation of the Kick-off, Mid-term and Final meetings of the Scientific Committee, Executive Board and Advisory Board, as well as a Closing Conference for all project participants.
Task 5.2. Elaboration and adoption of Consortium Agreement for tasks and funds distribution and intellectual property protection.
Task 5.3. Keeping contacts with WPs leaders, Thematic Leaders and the Consortium as a whole, as well as with EC representatives. Organizing regular meetings, virtual discussions and keeping e-mail contacts with Scientific Committee and Executive Board. Selection of software platform for on-line work team collaboration;
Task 5.4. Organisation and elaboration of the TwinTeam logo.
Task 5.5. Elaboration and maintenance of a project web site with related links to European Commission programmes (H2020, etc.) and partner organisations;
Task 5.6. Elaboration and maintenance of an account of the TwinTeam project in social networks (such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn) for visualisation of the project activities;
Task 5.7. Administrative and financial management from the start to the end of the project. Organisation of the audit procedure;
Task 5.8. Preparation of a summary assessment of the implementation of WP5 and of all project activities. Mid-term and Final Activity reports and Financial reports.
Task 5.9. Final assessment by the Advisory Board
The work plan is organized into five WPs, each focusing on the implementation of a specific task following the logical links between the different coordination and support actions: twinning, training, competitiveness, visibility, management. | <urn:uuid:959f3c16-3727-4366-957e-ca1e3ca2466b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://twinteam.igic.bas.bg/project-description/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.869875 | 1,520 | 1.867188 | 2 |
8.2 Scope of Declarations
[For each declaration, the language rules define
a certain portion of the program text called the scope of the
declaration. The scope of a declaration is also called the scope of any
view or entity declared by the declaration. Within the scope of an entity,
and only there, there are places where it is legal to refer to the declared
entity. These places are defined by the rules of visibility and overloading.]
of a declaration is a portion of the declarative
region immediately enclosing the declaration. The immediate scope starts
at the beginning of the declaration, except in the case of an overloadable
declaration, in which case the immediate scope starts just after the
place where the profile of the callable entity is determined (which is
at the end of the _specification
for the callable
entity, or at the end of the generic_instantiation
if an instance). The immediate scope extends to the end of the declarative
region, with the following exceptions:
The reason for making overloadable
declarations with profiles special is to simplify compilation: until
the compiler has determined the profile, it doesn't know which other
declarations are homographs of this one, so it doesn't know which ones
this one should hide. Without this rule, two passes over the _specification
would be required to resolve names that denote things with the same name
as this one.
The immediate scope of a library_item
includes only its semantic dependents.
10 defines only a partial ordering of library_item
Therefore, it is a good idea to restrict the immediate scope (and the
scope, defined below) to semantic dependents.
examples like this:
package P is end P;
package P.Q is
I : Integer := 0;
package R is
package X renames P;
J : Integer := X.Q.I := 17; -- Illegal!
The scope of P.Q does not contain R. Hence,
neither P.Q nor X.Q are visible within R. However, the name R.X.Q would
be visible in some other library unit where both R and P.Q are visible
(assuming R were made legal by removing the offending declaration).
This rule applies to limited views as well as “normal”
library items. In that case, the semantic dependents are the units that
have a limited_with_clause
for the limited view.
The immediate scope of a declaration in the private
part of a library unit does not include the visible part of any public
descendant of that library unit.
Ramification: In other words, a declaration
in the private part can be visible within the visible part, private part
and body of a private child unit. On the other hand, such a declaration
can be visible within only the private part and body of a public child
Reason: The purpose of this rule is to
prevent children from giving private information to clients.
For a public child subprogram, this means that the parent's private part
is not visible in the profile formal_parts
of the declaration and of the body. This is true even for subprogram_bodies
that are not completions. For a public child generic unit, it means that
the parent's private part is not visible in the generic_formal_part
as well as in the first list of basic_declarative_item
(for a generic package), or the (syntactic) profile formal_part(s)
(for a generic subprogram).
[The visible part
view of) an entity is a portion of the text of its declaration containing
declarations that are visible from outside.]
of (a view of) an entity that has a visible part
contains all declarations within the declaration of (the view of) the
entity, except those in the visible part; [these are not visible from
outside. Visible and private parts are defined only for these kinds of
entities: callable entities, other program units, and composite types.]
The visible part of a view
of a callable entity is its profile.
The visible part of a composite
type other than a task or protected type consists of the declarations
of all components declared [(explicitly or implicitly)] within the type_declaration
Reason: Although there is no way to reference
anything but the formals from outside a generic unit, they are still
in the visible part in the sense that the corresponding declarations
in an instance can be referenced (at least in some cases). In other words,
these declarations have an effect on the outside world. The visible part
of a generic unit needs to be defined this way in order to properly support
the rule that makes a parent's private part invisible within a public
child's visible part.
Ramification: The visible part of an
instance of a generic unit is as defined for packages and subprograms;
it is not defined in terms of the visible part of a generic unit.
[The visible part of a package, task unit, or protected
unit consists of declarations in the program unit's declaration other
than those following the reserved word private
, if any; see 7.1
for packages, 9.1
for task units, and 9.4
for protected units.]
The scope of a declaration always
contains the immediate scope of the declaration. In addition, for a given
declaration that occurs immediately within the visible part of an outer
declaration, or is a public child of an outer declaration, the scope
of the given declaration extends to the end of the scope of the outer
declaration, except that the scope of a library_item
includes only its semantic dependents.
Note the recursion. If
a declaration appears in the visible part of a library unit, its scope
extends to the end of the scope of the library unit, but since that only
includes dependents of the declaration of the library unit, the scope
of the inner declaration also only includes those dependents. If X renames
library package P, which has a child Q, a with_clause
mentioning P.Q is necessary to be able to refer to X.Q, even if P.Q is
visible at the place where X is declared.
The immediate scope of a declaration
is also the immediate scope of the entity or view declared by the declaration.
Similarly, the scope of a declaration is also the
scope of the entity or view declared by the declaration.
The rule for immediate scope implies the following:
If the declaration is that of a library unit,
then the immediate scope includes the declarative region of the declaration
itself, but not other places, unless they are within the scope of a with_clause
that mentions the library unit.
It is necessary to attach the semantics
to [immediate] scopes (as opposed to visibility), in order for various
rules to work properly. A library unit should hide a homographic implicit
declaration that appears in its parent, but only within the scope of
that mentions the library unit. Otherwise, we would violate the "legality
determinable via semantic dependences" rule of 10
“Program Structure and Compilation Issues
The declaration of a library unit should be allowed to be a homograph
of an explicit declaration in its parent's body, so long as that body
does not mention the library unit in a with_clause
This means that one cannot denote
the declaration of the library unit, but one might still be able to denote
the library unit via another view.
does not make the declaration of a library unit visible; the lack of
prevents it from being visible. Even if a library unit is mentioned in
its declaration can still be hidden.
The completion of the declaration of a library
unit (assuming that's also a declaration) is not visible, neither directly
nor by selection, outside that completion.
The immediate scope of a declaration immediately
within the body of a library unit does not include any child of that
This is needed to prevent children
from looking inside their parent's body. The children are in the declarative
region of the parent, and they might be after the parent's body. Therefore,
the scope of a declaration that occurs immediately within the body might
include some children.
There are notations for denoting visible declarations that are not directly
visible. For example, parameter_specification
are in the visible part of a subprogram_declaration
so that they can be used in named-notation calls appearing outside the
called subprogram. For another example, declarations of the visible part
of a package can be denoted by expanded names appearing outside the package,
and can be made directly visible by a use_clause
There are some obscure cases
in which there is no such notation.
See Clause Section
Extensions to Ada 83
The fact that the immediate
scope of an overloadable declaration does not include its profile is
new to Ada 95. It replaces RM83-8.3(16), which said that within a subprogram
specification and within the formal part of an entry declaration or accept
statement, all declarations with the same designator as the subprogram
or entry were hidden from all visibility. The RM83-8.3(16) rule seemed
to be overkill, and created both implementation difficulties and unnecessary
Wording Changes from Ada 83
The notion of "visible part" has been extended in Ada 95. The
syntax of task and protected units now allows private parts, thus requiring
us to be able to talk about the visible part as well. It was necessary
to extend the concept to subprograms and to generic units, in order for
the visibility rules related to child library units to work properly.
It was necessary to define the concept separately for generic formal
packages, since their visible part is slightly different from that of
a normal package. Extending the concept to composite types made the definition
of scope slightly simpler. We define visible part for some things elsewhere,
since it makes a big difference to the user for those things. For composite
types and subprograms, however, the concept is used only in arcane visibility
rules, so we localize it to this subclause clause
In Ada 83, the semantics of with_clause
was described in terms of visibility. It is now described in terms of
We have clarified
that the following is illegal (where Q and R are library units):
package Q is
I : Integer := 0;
package R is
package X renames Standard;
X.Q.I := 17; -- Illegal!
even though Q is declared in the declarative
region of Standard, because R does not mention Q in a with_clause
Wording Changes from Ada 95
Wording Changes from Ada 2005
Ada 2005 and 2012 Editions sponsored in part by Ada-Europe | <urn:uuid:0fafd8ab-a52a-4939-a564-389e40dca7e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.adaic.org/resources/add_content/standards/12aarm/html/AA-8-2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.909262 | 2,579 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Deaf Rage by Ross Showalter
In his essay “Deaf Rage,” Ross Showalter charts his development from a deaf person to a Deaf person, part of a politically aware community and culture with a shared language. The essay opens with the word “We”: The emotional standoff between the only two deaf students (“we”) in his dorm and their hearing RA introduces the university’s failed promise of an “immersive cultural and linguistic environment” for the practice of American Sign Language by deaf and hearing signers. It was a failure he didn’t forget. “Western Oregon University was in the past, but it remains my past. Western Oregon taught me about my feelings toward hearing people’s discomfort, their biases. It was the beginning of my identity as a Deaf person. It was the beginning of my defiance of a world that often seeks to belittle.”
How does a writer convey rage and the buildup of rage in the face of ignorance and belittlement? “I go back and forth, trying to find the balance between exposition and scene,” Showalter writes in his author’s note. Creative nonfiction guru Lee Guttkind was famous for his “Yellow Test”: when his students marked “scenes—that is, the places with characters and action, where things happen” with yellow highlighters, they discovered that essays with the most yellow were the most effective. Showalter dramatizes the complexities of his hearing loss (“Most hearing people…want a simple answer”) by showing a visit to the audiologist, and the frustrations of his childhood through scenes with his teacher and ASL interpreter. When he closes with the inability of the hearing to understand what he’s experienced, he dramatizes an encounter with a well-meaning hearing person, one of his few friends remaining from Western Oregon after he’s transferred to another university. Sarah sits “opposite” him on the sofa in his living room during her visit, signing. “We’ve moved on,” she says, making assumptions about “we” that his experiences belie. The closing scene resonates. What will hearing readers take away from the essay? Will they simply move on, or will they be uncomfortable enough to attempt to bridge that divide? “How do you want to see me?” he asks. “How much of an image of me do you have built up already in your own mind, and are you willing to tear it down?” —CRAFT
Content Warnings—ableism, audism
We corner our resident assistant right outside her dorm room. Her back presses flat against the door. Her hands come up. She is ready to escape, but she is also ready to give a reason.
I am one of two deaf students in the community dorm at Western Oregon University, and the two of us are frustrated. We both want to talk to the RA about the same thing. My deaf dormmate and I want a change. We need a change. It is winter quarter, a deep dark February in Monmouth, Oregon, and we have found ourselves on the other side of a gulf. Our hearing dormmates dominate the space with their screams of laughter; their English speech is often delivered staccato and quick through their bright smiles. It is overwhelming and impossible to understand. I do not want my freshman year of college to be marked by loneliness.
I was placed in Ackerman Hall, the newest dorm building on campus. Western Oregon’s website boasts, even today, that Ackerman is one of the most environmentally sustainable residence halls in the country. I entered it for the first time in September 2012 and felt a tickle of unease at how sterile it seemed. Something about it looked off, too perfect. The dorm room doors stood too close together. The elevator moved sluggishly. My parents were reluctant to leave.
The community dorm that I was placed in was formally named the Arbuthnot Wing, on the third floor of Ackerman. It was casually referred to as “Third Arbuthnot” and, more frequently, as the ASL dorm. Western Oregon’s website promises that in Third Arbuthnot you could practice American Sign Language in an immersive cultural and linguistic environment, with deaf and hearing signers of all levels of competency.
I had been in enough signing environments to believe that promise. I had gone to Deaf summer camps, one centered around Christianity, the other around leadership. I even went across the country to Gallaudet University, the world’s only Deaf university, for a two-week college-prep camp; both hearing and deaf peers dissolved in tears on our last day. I knew it was possible to have a space where everyone signed because I’d already experienced it.
In my year living in the ASL dorm, barely half of the ASL dorm’s residents are studying to be ASL interpreters or teachers of the Deaf. The RA herself isn’t—but she knows the other deaf person, Rebecca, and claimed she knew ASL and Deaf culture because of Rebecca; after all, they’d grown up together in Bend, Oregon.
I am a stranger to the RA, but I am deaf. I want to work with deaf people and become an English teacher in a Deaf school. I want to be in a space where ASL is used, not just as a classroom goal but as a language with its communication standards and culture. I want the ASL dorm to live up to its promise.
The RA barely pays attention to me. Most of her signed defense is to Rebecca. “You know how complicated learning ASL was for me growing up, you know that the dormmates you two have aren’t always interested in signing 24/7, you know that this dorm is a place, needs to be a place, for everyone who has been assigned a living space here.”
Rebecca and I don’t budge. We have been promised a space where ASL and access are widespread. We have been promised a sanctuary, a pocket where we can be ourselves—yet it hangs beyond our grasp. Even now, in this moment, spoken English drifts from the common area to my hearing aids.
Our frustration cuts through the RA’s shaky logic. We won’t be soothed by it. And, sooner rather than later, the RA runs out of reasons.
“You know what, I have class tomorrow,” the RA signs to us. “I can’t keep doing this.” She turns her back on us. She sticks her key in the door’s lock, turns, and then she’s gone. We stare after her, where she was seconds ago.
I feel an awful weight in my gut. It is the feeling of defeat. My hands become fists. I cross my arms across my chest and try to ignore the feeling inside me.
Rebecca’s mouth trembles. Her face gets red. Her eyes fill with tears and they spill down her cheeks. I gather her in a hug and feel her sobs in my sternum.
Down the hallway, a dormmate, hearing, mouths drama at me. I flip her off.
In my dorm room, Rebecca blows her nose, wipes away the wet on her cheeks from her eyes. We sit on my bed. She leans against the wall, her knees pressed against her chest. I lean on my elbow in front of her, my legs outstretched on the comforter.
“She doesn’t care,” Rebecca signs as tears continue to leak from her eyes. “She doesn’t care about us.”
I rub her shin. “What do you want to do?” I ask.
She shakes her head. “I don’t know. I just wish she cared.”
I don’t sign more. The defeat has disappeared. In its place is an emotion that threatens to overwhelm my entire being, like a fire, if I let it.
I had gone to Western Oregon University because I wanted to reinvent myself. I knew people at both Gallaudet and Rochester Institute of Technology, colleges with programs that catered to deaf people. I had family in California, and, because of that, shrugged off the idea of attending California State University, Northridge. Western Oregon held promise because I barely knew anything about the university or the small rural town of Monmouth. It was a place where I thought I could be anyone I wanted.
What I hadn’t been prepared for was the idea of sanctuary being just that: an idea. I had brought my ideas of sanctuary to Western Oregon University, and they had been rejected. Instead of a space where ASL was predominant and deaf people felt included, the space was overrun with hearing people and spoken English. ASL remained on the sidelines.
Rebecca and I remain in my dorm room. Even as her tears dry, even as she returns to her own dorm room half an hour later, the fire inside me stays, wholly familiar yet terrifying in its potency.
My hearing loss is a sensorineural loss; the loss of hearing is caused by damage to the inner ear system. The damage, the hearing loss, is bilateral—meaning, I have hearing loss in both ears. I am severely deaf in both ears.
But people often ask for more information. They ask if I can quantify it. “How much can you hear?” is a common question I receive, even today.
I talk with an audiologist about my hearing loss. I sit in a windowless room, facing a two-way mirror. I can only see myself, and the feeling of being interrogated never fails to enter the room with me. An audiologist-in-training screws earphones into my ear canals, the soft foam filling up every millimeter of space.
Then they leave the room to conduct the test. The door closes shut behind them; silence, the feeling of interrogation, and our shared expectations remain my only company. Every year, I take a test that I always fail. The silence feels heavier in this room, because I know already I am missing out. I stare at myself in the mirror, but I know the audiologist is on the other side, fiddling with dials and buttons, making sounds.
I just have to wait for the sounds to come within my hearing range.
The first sound I hear, no matter the frequency or the loudness, always startles me. It is a series of loud beeps, always the same pitch. They come sharp and quick like a knife into flesh. I raise my hand, signaling that I’ve heard that sound, and we proceed. Silence and interrogation and expectation, until the next series of audible beeps, until the next, until the next, until the door opens and someone announces the test is over.
The audiogram is split horizontally into different levels, stacked on top of each other. The top is normal. At the bottom is profound, meaning the subject doesn’t hear anything.
Most of the marks made on my hearing test are near the bottom. Severe to profound hearing loss. But I can hear some: marks made in the higher decibel range do go up into the moderate loss range. Lower pitches, like a man’s voice, cut crystal clear through silence.
My reception of sound will be different outside a room where there is nothing but silence. My reception of sound will be different if I am not giving my full focus, my full attention.
If I cannot hear like any other person, then what is my attention worth?
The audiologist who administered the test to me said that 80% hearing loss was a good measurement—but she cautioned against flattening hearing down.
“Hearing is complicated,” she told me, when I was in my early twenties and craving a simple answer. “You hear well at one level, you don’t on another level. You can hear a loud sound in a pitch that you don’t hear when the same pitch comes quietly. One number won’t capture all of that.”
Most hearing people, even those with the best of intentions, don’t have time for the messiness of my deafness, the seemingly contradictory nature of what I can hear and can’t hear. They want a simple answer. Because it’s not just about hearing and sound. It never is. People want to measure your adaptability, your comfort, your ways of being in a world that seems poised to twist away from you, and often does.
If I tell people I have 80% hearing loss, that is too simple a scenario. If I delve into the nuance of it, then I won’t stop talking, and then the hearing person always regrets asking the question, sooner or later.
How much can I hear? Enough, I tell them. Enough to fit in, enough to be able to adapt, enough to be able to lip-read and use hearing aids to supplement whatever I can’t pick off the mouth. Unless they don’t enunciate. Unless they talk fast. Unless they speak so quietly that my hearing aids pick up nothing. I hear as much as they want me to hear.
How much work should I do? I always want to ask in return. How do you want to see me? How much of an image of me do you have built up already in your own mind, and are you willing to tear it down?
Spring quarter at Western Oregon University comes with dread. Another deaf person, older and prickly, has moved into the community dorm. He keeps to himself. We both proclaimed early in the quarter that we wanted to be writers, and he stared at me like I would stare at an opponent in a competition. There are three deaf folks in the ASL dorm now, but there is no strength in our growing numbers. Rebecca avoids the common area. I try to shoulder the responsibility of being present, but the people who frequent the common area don’t know sign, and barely practice.
Another deaf friend, one who lives off-campus, complains one day about the ASL interpreters in training at Western Oregon who say they want Deaf power—a shorthand for letting Deaf people claim agency and autonomy.
“Bitch, shut up,” she says over coffee, signing to an imagined representation of those ASL interpreters. “You don’t know anything about Deaf power.”
I laugh. But my friend is serious.
“It’s true,” she insists. “Hearing people will never truly commit to the idea of Deaf power because, when they’re able to actually do something, they’re too used to where they are to do anything. They like having power. They like having control.”
I can’t shake my friend’s words after we hug each other goodbye. They sit in me, an ever-present reminder, a hard press of truth.
A banner hangs outside the community dorm entrance for Third Arbuthnot, and, on the banner, the RA had drawn the handshape for “I love you.” The thumb, index finger, and pinkie finger point up in the air. The other two press against the palm.
I resist the urge to tear the banner apart. It feels like a fraud.
One spring morning, our RA sits on a couch in the common area, getting ready for a run. I perch on the table several feet away, gazing out the window. It is a chilly morning; fog has its fingers curled around buildings, and I admire how alien our campus looks.
The RA laces up her shoes and calls out something to another dormmate. Everyone in the common area can hear and understand it, except me.
“What was that?” I ask the RA.
She signs and talks to me, “I wasn’t talking to you.” Her tone is as chilly as the morning outside our window.
“But you’re in the common area,” I argue. “Shouldn’t I be able to be a part of any conversation that takes place out here?”
“Oh my god,” the RA says. And I know immediately that I won’t understand her, whatever her response. I don’t understand her. She is not someone who understands inclusivity. She picks and chooses who will be involved in this community dorm, and I am not one of the chosen.
“You know what, forget it.” I leave the common area. My dorm neighbor’s door is propped open, and Sarah is there. Sarah is hearing. Sarah is a sweet, patient person, one who tries to sign even when I slip up, even when I don’t sign back in return. I ask if I can come in.
The RA comes after me, barging into Sarah’s room. Her eyes are ablaze with anger. She shows me her shaking hands.
“How dare you,” she signs. “You think you’re entitled to just understand everything? You don’t put in effort toward this community. You don’t have respect for anyone. I don’t like your attitude.”
I want to laugh. I want to yell right back at her, at how misguided her point of view is. She can’t understand where I am coming from. She is hearing, and she has the choice to understand everything. She has the choice to put in effort or not. I don’t. She has more power than I do, and she refuses to see it.
I say nothing. I turn away from her. Sarah exhales noisily and leaves her own dorm room. It is just me and the RA, in a dorm room that is not mine, not hers, not either of ours.
“Are you not going to answer me?” the RA signs.
“I have nothing to say,” I reply.
“You will answer for this.” The RA stalks off. She trips over the doorstop and dislodges it. The door closes behind her.
My hands shake too. I try to shake off the adrenaline, the heat festering in my sternum. It comes into focus, the center of this heat and emotion. I have been blamed and excluded when it wasn’t just me. It couldn’t just be me. I have been feeling overwhelmed and uncertain this entire school year, and now, I feel like the heat inside me could burn the world to a crisp.
This is what rage is. This is what it means to have Deaf rage, when you live in a world that only sees the ways you are wrong and dismisses you, instead of including you.
My rage started when I was young. When I was eight, I transferred from a day school for the deaf and hard-of-hearing to my local school district. I was the only deaf kid in my local school district. Every year, I would clash with an interpreter, in one way or another. I was opinionated, headstrong, and impatient. I loved nothing more than to get under my interpreters’ skins and discover ways to make them squirm.
It was a way to get even because I hated that I needed someone to help me out. I hated the fact that I had a shadow, someone who followed me around, someone who was known as “Ross’s person.” I hated that my circumstances had to be this way—if things had to be this way, then I would fuck around with the way things were.
This was before I knew the word rage. This was before I understood frustration.
I was eleven when I was taken out of the classroom and into the hallway for the first time. The ASL interpreter had been talking with my teacher instead of interpreting what was going on, and I was confused. I was missing out on information.
I expressed my confusion about this, signing to the interpreter, and she didn’t respond to me. She got up and went to the teacher. Her mouth was close to the teacher’s ear, and anxiety burbled in my stomach. My name was called. I was taken out for a talk.
“She’s my colleague,” the teacher said out in the hallway, the interpreter beside her. “We’re working together. Most of the time, we work together for you, but sometimes I just need someone else to help me with this or that. She can provide that.”
I nodded—understanding still hung out of reach. I was ushered back into the classroom with the other students. I sat at the front of the class, in my designated seat. I always sat in front of the class. There was a structure to things, and I didn’t understand the structure and why it existed. I only understood that I must not disrupt this structure. The lesson was learned. The interpreter sat in front of me and got back to work. The issue was forgotten.
My confusion didn’t fade. It only shrank. My anxiety wasn’t soothed. It became something a little more volatile.
I discovered the term “Deaf rage” when I learned about the Deaf artist Christine Sun Kim in the late 2010s, years after Western Oregon University. Kim creates pie charts that describe encounters with hearing ignorance. The experiences range from being handed a Braille menu at a restaurant to travel announcements being relayed only in spoken English.
I giggled when I saw the caption for reflex rage: “getting hit with a bag of peanuts by a flight attendant who tries to get our attention.” I sobered up when I realized that getting hit by peanuts had probably happened to Kim. And I had probably experienced that same kind of reflex rage too, even if the circumstances weren’t the same. Even if I didn’t know, until now, how to describe it.
I saw Kim’s pie charts and her charcoal capital lettering and felt something in me click, like a key sliding into a lock and turning.
I found in Kim’s art a way to put language to what I was feeling. Whenever I go out in the world, whenever I interact with someone unfamiliar, I am prepared to feel some spark of frustration, anger, or despair. It is a pleasant surprise when, sometimes, I am proven wrong.
It is profoundly disappointing when I hope to be proven wrong and I am not.
I flunk out of Western Oregon University. For years, I go between white-hot anger and defeated pacifism, but the reason is the same.
There is no point in asking for a safe space because no such idea exists. There are only pockets of relief, pockets where the bubble of community holds for only hours before it bursts.
When I was at Western Oregon University, I learned how to ask for myself. I learned how to demand something that, for all rights and purposes, I should be able to get. I should be able to understand something. I should have no barriers between myself and the community I want to join.
I also learned that the pathway is never complicated only by barriers. It’s complicated by the people who enforce those barriers, whether consciously or subconsciously. Because of those enforcers, the idea of a safe space remains abstract. We carry around our experiences and our points of view and let those ideas dictate the interactions between us—instead of compromising and coming to an agreement. No conflict can truly be resolved this way.
Years later, my dad gives me a memory card. “There are pictures on there you might want,” he tells me. The pictures are of me at WOU. More specifically, I am hiking with Sarah and other dormmates at Silver Falls State Park, a place an hour’s drive from Monmouth; there are smiling faces and waterfalls and green bursts of foliage.
I don’t look like a kid in those pictures. I don’t look nineteen. There is tension in my smile, and, years later, I understand why. I was starting to understand my place in the world even as I tried my hardest to transcend that space. I was trying to resist the inevitable.
I was trying to suppress my own anger about the situation I found myself in.
I am a student at another university, Portland State University, when Sarah texts me and says she is passing through Oregon, and she wants to meet up. By then, it has been five years since Western Oregon. I say yes and brace myself.
The visit is lovely. Sarah and I sit on my couch. She is a teacher. I am a writer. The only mention of our shared past, the time when we were dorm-room neighbors, is from me, and it is a joke in passing—something about how far removed we are from that small liberal arts university. Sarah shrugs.
“That was a long time ago,” she signs. “We’ve moved on.”
Western Oregon University was in the past, but it remains my past. Western Oregon taught me about my feelings toward hearing people’s discomfort, their biases. It was the beginning of my identity as a Deaf person. It was the beginning of my defiance of a world that often seeks to belittle.
I have not spoken to the RA since I left. I can count on one hand the number of people from Western Oregon University who I remain in touch with today. One of them now visits from California and sits opposite me, on my couch.
The past influences our present, even when we don’t want it to.
I don’t badger Sarah about Western Oregon. Our experiences will never be the same. She will never see things the way I do. Instead, I ask her about her family in California.
ROSS SHOWALTER’s stories, essays, and criticism have appeared in The New York Times, Electric Literature, The Rumpus, Catapult, Literary Hub, Black Warrior Review, and elsewhere. He teaches creative writing courses with the UCLA Extension Writers’ Program. Find him on Twitter and Instagram @rosshowalter.
Featured image by K8 courtesy of Unsplash | <urn:uuid:20174f50-0e57-44c7-803a-eadfaf97730d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.craftliterary.com/2022/07/27/deaf-rage-ross-showalter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.97512 | 5,591 | 2.609375 | 3 |
This was emphasized by the head of the delegation, President of the OSCE PA Margareta Cederfelt, at a briefing after visiting the cities of the Kyiv region affected by the russian attacks.
The parliamentarians visited the mass graves of civilians killed by the russians, in particular, near the Church of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called and All Saints in Bucha, and saw firsthand the consequences of the rule of the "russian world" – destroyed houses in Irpin.
"220 members of the OSCE PA will gather for an annual session to discuss three bills related to war crimes in Ukraine, what is happening, and an absolute right of Ukraine to its land and territories. Of course, everything seen and heard will contribute to this debate," said Margareta Cederfelt.
"And as the OSCE PA, in which there are 57 member states, each parliamentarian in its parliament, we are telling the truth about what is happening. This is all evidence that this is undoubtedly russia's war against Ukraine. This must be stopped, and peace must be established both inside and around Ukraine," she said, adding that parliamentary diplomacy, in which the permanent delegation of Ukrainian parliamentarians to the OSCE PA makes an outstanding contribution, is of great importance resolving such issues.
"We believe peace talks should be held at the level of parliaments. I would like to speak positively about the Ukrainian parliamentary delegation to the OSCE PA. They work very actively and persistently, constantly focusing on the territorial integrity of Ukraine on the problems that Ukraine is currently experiencing. Their voice is very audible. This is extremely important for Ukraine to be seen and heard worldwide, "said Margareta Cederfelt.
Regarding the resumption of OSCE programs in Ukraine, the President of the Assembly noted that such a decision is taken by complete consensus of all member states.
"We would very much like the programs to continue in Ukraine. But voting takes place at the level of member states. One objection is russia. One state is against, and it cannot be voted on," Margareta Cederfelt emphasized, adding, however, that the organization has a great desire to return these programs, so it is necessary to work on this issue further. | <urn:uuid:8d7441e7-2400-485e-b521-ee104fcf56fa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rada.gov.ua/en/news/News/224633.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.971679 | 464 | 1.5 | 2 |
First, Oprah Winfrey put Breonna Taylor on the cover of O, The Oprah Magazine. Now the media mogul is spreading her message with billboards demanding justice for the Kentucky woman shot to death during a police raid.
Twenty-six billboards displaying a portrait of Ms. Taylor are going up across Louisville, Ky., demanding that the police officers involved in her death be arrested and charged, according to social justice organization Until Freedom. That’s one billboard for every year of the Black woman’s life.
The billboards, funded by the magazine, showcase the magazine cover dedicated to Ms. Taylor, the Courier Journal reported. Also displayed is a quote from Ms. Winfrey: “If you turn a blind eye to racism, you become an accomplice to it.”
Until Freedom thanked the Oprah magazine for its work on the billboards.
“Together, we will make sure no one forgets #BreonnaTaylor’s name and recommit to the fight for justice for her and her family,” the group said in a tweet.
Ms. Taylor, an emergency medical tech studying to become a nurse, was shot multiple times March 13 when police officers burst into her Louisville apartment using a no-knock warrant during a narcotics investigation. The warrant to search her home was in connection with a suspect who did not live there and no drugs were found.
Kenneth Walker, Ms. Taylor’s boyfriend, was originally charged with attempted murder after he fired a shot at one of the officers who came into the home. Mr. Walker has said he didn’t know who was entering the apartment and was firing a warning shot. The charge was later dropped.
Global protests on behalf of Ms. Taylor, George Floyd in Minnesota and others have been part of a national reckoning over racism and police brutality. Tensions have swelled in Ms. Taylor’s hometown and beyond as activists, professional athletes and social-media stars push for action while investigators plead for more patience.
The decision whether to bring state-level criminal charges against the Louisville officers rests with Kentucky Attorney-General Daniel Cameron. He took the Taylor case after a local prosecutor recused himself from reviewing the matter. One of the officers has been terminated and two other officers are on administrative reassignment.
Mr. Cameron, the first African-American elected to the attorney-general’s job in Kentucky, has declined to put a timetable on his decision since taking over the case in May.
“We remain committed to an independent and thorough investigation into the death of Ms. Breonna Taylor,” Mr. Cameron said Friday on his official Twitter account.
“The investigation remains ongoing, and we currently await additional testing and analysis from federal partners, including a ballistics test from the FBI crime lab,” the tweet said.
The FBI field office in Louisville said Friday that a “significant amount of ballistic evidence” was collected when investigators returned to Ms. Taylor’s apartment in June.
“This evidence is being tested and analyzed at the FBI Laboratory in Quantico, Virginia,” the FBI’s Louisville office said in a statement. “Once the FBI Laboratory has completed its findings, FBI Louisville will promptly share our results with the attorney general’s office.”
Christopher 2X, an anti-violence activist in Louisville, told reporters this week that he’s encouraged by the commitment that FBI officials locally and nationally have shown to the case. He commented after participating in a meeting at the FBI’s Louisville office.
Our Morning Update and Evening Update newsletters are written by Globe editors, giving you a concise summary of the day’s most important headlines. Sign up today. | <urn:uuid:a673ee5c-ed3e-4a3a-ae71-b01a72818d49> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-oprah-winfrey-puts-up-billboards-demanding-justice-for-breonna-taylor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.960518 | 765 | 1.710938 | 2 |
- The Bureau of Economic Analysis said on Friday that gross domestic product, a measure of all the goods and services produced in a country, slowed from April to June.
- Consumer spending at home partially offset weakness caused by global trade disputes that began more than a year ago.
- The economy expanded in 2018 at a pace just under the Trump administration's goal of 3%, but growth was widely expected to slow this year.
- Visit Markets Insider for more stories.
The American economy slowed sharply in the second quarter, but still expanded at a solid pace. Newly released data reflected consumer spending that partially offset weakness caused by global trade disputes that began more than a year ago.
The Commerce Department on Friday estimated that gross domestic product, a measure of all the goods and services produced in a country, rose by 2.1% from April to June, a decline from the previous quarter's 3.1% figure. Economists surveyed by Bloomberg had expected an increase of 1.8%.
Consumer spending, which accounts for more than two-thirds of activity in the economy, picked up to a robust pace of 4.4% in the second quarter. A key measure of inflation, the price index for personal consumption expenditure, rose by 2.3% from April to June, compared with a 0.4% increase in the first quarter.
Businesses spent less on capital, with nonresidential fixed investment falling by 0.6%. Exports plummeted 5.2% after an unexpected jump in the first quarter, while imports rose. Trade figures have been volatile since President Donald Trump ignited tariff wars with several major economies last year.
While second-quarter growth came in above estimates, the report likely reinforced key concerns for the Federal Reserve ahead of its policy meeting next week. Chairman Jerome Powell said in June that the central bank was prepared to step in if trade conditions worsened.
The reading may have overstated the growth rate because of an unusually sharp jump in government spending, said Austan Goolsbee, who was the chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers in the Obama White House.
"Business investment actually shrinking is a troubling sign," he said. "Fortunately, consumer spending remains robust. But you have to think the Fed will view this as weakness overall."
At the beginning of 2019, GDP growth was far above estimates, at 3.1%. But the print was helped by a sharp jump in exports, while underlying data pointed to slower growth.
"The factors that contributed to a surge in first-quarter growth — namely, a contraction in imports and rising unsold inventories — reflect concerns over future trade policy and slowing demand," said Cailin Birch, the global economist at the Economist Intelligence Unit. "They point to a moderation in GDP growth later in the year."
The Commerce Department said Friday that the economy expanded slower than originally thought in 2018, at 2.5%, well below the Trump administration's goal of 3%. That was in part helped by the $1.5 trillion tax-cut legislation passed in 2017 and increased public spending.
A weaker second-quarter reading makes it less likely that GDP will reach White House estimates for the year. The Council of Economic Advisers forecasted a print of more than 3% this year, far above a Federal Reserve forecast of 2% to 2.2%.
Friday's reading is preliminary; a second estimate for the second quarter is scheduled to be released August 29. | <urn:uuid:d487d9c9-970d-4b13-b136-616dbb3d84d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/trump-economy-us-gross-domestic-product-gdp-slows-second-quarter-2019-7-1028388454?utm_medium=ingest&utm_source=markets | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.965998 | 697 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Who has the strongest military in the world 2020?
Which countries have the strongest military?
The 5 Most Powerful Armies in the World 5) Japan. Japan’s armed forces have to contend with a volatile neighbor in North Korea. ( 4) India. India has an estimated 1,444,000 people actively serving in its armed forces. ( 3) China. 2) Russia . 1) United States.
Who has the strongest military 2019?
Strongest militaries in 2019 : comparing global armed forces China (PI: 0.0673) China performs better in some areas than in others. India (PI: 0.1065) France (PI: 0.1584) Japan (PI: 0.1707) South Korea (PI: 0.1761)
Who are the 5 superpowers in the world?
Power United States . Russia. China . Germany. United Kingdom. France.
Which country has best air force?
11. Summary of top 10 strongest Air Force of the World
|1||United States Air Force- America|
|2||Russian Air Force- Russia|
|3||Israeli Air Force- Israel|
|4||Indian Air Force|
Who is number 1 army in the world?
In 2020, China had the largest armed forces in the world by active duty military personnel, with about 2.18 active soldiers. India, the United States, North Korea, and Russia rounded out the top five largest armies respectively, each with over one million active military personnel.
Which country has best army?
What is the weakest military in the world?
These were the world’s 15 weakest militaries in 2018 Nicaragua — overall rank: 122. Madagascar — overall rank: 123. Bosnia and Herzegovina — overall rank: 124. Dominican Republic — overall rank: 125. Gabon — overall rank: 126. Namibia — overall rank: 127. Panama — overall rank: 128. Mauritania — overall rank: 129.
Who are the best soldiers in the world?
The Top 10 Militaries of the World United States. Photo: U.S. Army Sgt. Russia. Russian special forces. ( China. A Chinese ZBD-04 infantry fighting vehicle. ( India. IAF Garud Commandos in an Indian Air Force training video (IAF Video Still) Japan. Japan’s JS Atago, a guided-missile destroyer. ( South Korea. France. Italy.
Who has the most advanced military?
The United States
What country has the best Army 2020?
TOP 10 Most Powerful Militaries in 2020 | Military/Army Saudi Arabia. South Korea. Israel. Japan. France. The United Kingdom. Germany. China .
Who will rule the world in 2100?
Because of the projected accelerated growth of the African countries, five of them — Nigeria, Congo, Ethiopia, Tanzania and Egypt — will be dominating the 2100 list. Four Asian countries — India , China , Pakistan, and Indonesia — will remain in the top ten list, though their positions in the rankings will be altered.
Who will rule the world in 2050?
China , India , and the United States will emerge as the world’s three largest economies in 2050, with a total real U.S. dollar GDP of 70 percent more than the GDP of all the other G20 countries combined. In China and India alone, GDP is predicted to increase by nearly $60 trillion, the current size of the world economy .
Which countries will rule the world in 2050?
Five superpowers ruling the world in 2050 China . India . US. Indonesia. Brazil. Russia. Mexico. Japan. | <urn:uuid:7a121233-dd51-4944-80f7-6d6dca373c6c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://visitmilitarybases.com/interesting/who-has-the-worlds-strongest-military.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.843603 | 770 | 2.09375 | 2 |
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Choosing a renewable solution for your home will not only reduce your CO2 emissions, but will also reduce your energy costs. If you are considering installing solar thermal panels, we have everything you need to know about the fastest growing renewable energy solution on the market. | <urn:uuid:fcfae18e-6aa2-49b7-8895-393cfebc2c2c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.swaleheating.com/new-boiler/buy-a-renewable-solution/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.93578 | 208 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Homoeologous exchange (HE) is a major mechanism generating post-polyploidization genetic variation with important evolutionary consequences. However, the direct impacts of HE on gene expression and transcript diversity in allopolyploids without the intertwined evolutionary processes remain to be fully understood. Here, we analyzed high-throughput RNA-seq data of young leaves from plant groups of a synthetic allotetraploid wheat (AADD), which contained variable numbers of HEs. We aimed to investigate if and to which extent HE directly impacts gene expression and alternative splicing (AS). We found that HE impacts expression of genes located within HE regions primarily via a cis-acting dosage effect, which led to significant changes in the total expression level of homoeologous gene pairs, especially for homoeologs whose original expression was biased. In parallel, HE also influences expression of a large number of genes residing in non-HE regions by trans-regulation leading to convergent expression of homoeologs. Intriguingly, when taking the original relative homoeolog expression states into account, homoeolog pairs under trans-effect are more prone to manifesting a convergent response to the HEs whereas those under cis-regulation tended to show further exacerbated subgenome-biased expression. Moreover, HE-induced quantitative, largely individual-specific, changes of AS events were detected. Similar to homoeologous expression, homoeo-AS events under trans-effect were more responsive to HE. HE therefore exerts multifaceted immediate effects on gene expression and, to a less extent, on individualized transcript diversity in nascent allopolyploidy.
Keywords: alternative splicing; gene expression; homoeologous exchange; synthetic wheat.
© 2022 Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. | <urn:uuid:457669d3-9322-4c81-9300-039aba785f08> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35763523/?utm_source=WordPress&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=None&utm_content=1nASi37tjavVgwsXmk5YUf_GRBPtoGVcaaaxKnz2ejNfc5MMoY&fc=None&ff=20220630102824&v=2.17.6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.895084 | 367 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Young Amanda Gorman delivered a magnificent speech at President Biden’s inauguration. Her poem should be made into textbook material in schools everywhere. It is in fact a brilliant snapshot of the struggles faced by democracies across the world and what it takes to overcome them.
The opening line introduces the tempo and the mood sustained throughout: “When day comes we ask ourselves where we can find light in this never-ending shade”.
These are gloomy times with news bulletins carrying heavy, alarming news. The world is living a winter of tedious, asphyxiating confinement as a rapidly mutating virus threatens our way of life.
Our economies are under immense pressure, our liberties suspended for public safety and our democracies risk have their foundations shaken. It is indeed a period of darkness for which ‘never-ending shade’ is almost a welcome euphemism.
Gorman has words of warning against complacency. “What ‘just is’ isn’t always justice”. So simple a play on words reminds us of the dangers of the “U ijja mhux xorta” mentality. Resigning ourselves to accepting things as they are because “it just is” means depriving ourselves of justice.
The Youth Poet Laureate describes the problems facing a divided nation and crucially identifies the struggle to finish what was begun many years ago at the founding of the nation.
It is a theme that even Joe Biden stressed – that of a Union ever striving to be forged with purpose. Not a Union of perfection but a Union that constantly completes itself with harmony and unity.
These are hard times in which to preach unity. Diffidence and dissidence are the codewords in a broken society and the very value that underpins a democratic commonwealth is polluted by the sowing of divisions.
“Victory won’t lighten in the blade, But in all of the bridges we have made.” Gorman sees through the division and understands that unity is the key to building a better future.
The lessons of the past are the steppingstones upon which we build our future and here Gorman comes up with such a potent statement: “For while we had our eyes on the future, history has its eyes on us”.
She manages to encapsulate the essence of our current distraction. If we let our woes in the period of darkness distract us, then we will fail because we will not have learnt from the lessons of the past. Instead of obsessing about our future and resigning ourselves to the dark fate we seem to have been dealt, we need “the power to author a new chapter. To offer hope and laughter to ourselves”.
Every bit of this masterpiece is quotable, but the key lies in the middle of the speech: “But while democracy can be periodically delayed, it can never be permanently defeated. In this truth, in this faith we trust.”
Therein lies an awareness of the difficult moment that “the heirs of such a terrifying hour” are witnessing. The backsliding of the rule of law delays a true democracy and fetters it from its real potential.
With the knowledge of awareness comes determination: “We will not be turned around or interrupted by intimidation, because we know our inaction and inertia will be the inheritance of the next generation”. There lies the new mission. There lies the resolve “to leave behind the country better than the one we were left”. It is indeed the consciousness of our duty towards our children that can be the driving force in the battle for change.
Our democracies are riddled with self-doubt. The assault on the basic functioning of our democratic systems may threaten to have a debilitating effect. Nowhere was this clearer than in the US with the assault on Capitol Hill.
Such darkness is not limited to the US. Across the democratic world challenges brought or exacerbated by the COVID pandemic will require a new resolve. The words of a young American poet might in the end prove to be inspirational. Our youth should be reading them, studying them, and getting inspired by them.
“For there is always light, if only we are brave enough to see it, If only we are brave enough to be it.” | <urn:uuid:ed8a7bc2-7208-4e97-a6ad-3e7c5c57d0aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theshiftnews.com/2021/01/25/the-hill-we-climb/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.944888 | 885 | 2.921875 | 3 |
You read something and read it again, go back and reread it, you have some trouble understanding it, or maybe you have some thoughts you want to pursue.
A smart reader (browser extension, e-book function, etc.) that suggests more information based on your behavior while reading. For instance, if you read at a certain pace, and you stay longer on a paragraph, you might get a pop up asking if you need to dig deeper into details or would like to expand by getting related information.
Wikipedia is usually – as its name suggests – a quick look at a subject matter. What if you need a deeper dive into the subject?
A wiki dedicated to deeper knowledge. It follows the working of Wikipedia, but for a subject written in collaboration to be permanently published, it has to have a certain level of deeper knowledge and approved by an editor. | <urn:uuid:e50a3618-76a8-40da-9733-a9afdb37cd96> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mydailyideas.com/tag/deep/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963743 | 175 | 2.21875 | 2 |
But where did Satan story begin? Where did he come from? And how did he become the prince of darkness? More than three thousand years ago in the desert and pastor land in the Middle East unknown hands wrote the earliest chapters of the Hebrew Bible. If the devil had a birth place surely it was here, somewhere in the book known to Christians as the Old Testament. In the oldest books of the Bible a character called Satan does appear but he’s nothing like the Satan we imagine. | <urn:uuid:7720e38a-4130-42fc-ab01-26b0751b3731> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://digitalbooknook.com/2015/06/14/the-history-of-satan-misunderstanding-your-religion-by-john-lipscomb/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.976099 | 99 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Freelancer, independent contractor, gig worker — whatever you call it, entrepreneurial work is an advantageous work arrangement. You can set your own schedule and work on your terms. But working as an independent contractor isn’t all daisies; in fact, sometimes it can be a thorny rose.
In times of hardship, unemployment benefits are a nice safety net. However, for contractors, this adds a new layer of complexity to their finances.
How much can you make on unemployment? Does your 1099 get reported to unemployment if you qualify? Can you even file for unemployment if you are a 1099 worker?
These are all valid questions, and we’re going to answer them for you. Read on to learn the answers to these questions and more.
What is a 1099?
First things first, if you’re a newcomer to independent contracting or just need the basics, this refresher is for you. Don’t worry — these terms make even the most seasoned professionals cringe.
A 1099 is a form or set of forms that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) uses to keep track of self-employment earnings.
Take note that 1099 forms differ from W-2 forms based on the type of employment you are completing.
Any time you have a source of income that is not from a full-time employer, you should receive a 1099 form to file for unemployment and your taxes. Most commonly, freelancers and independent contractors use 1099 forms to record their yearly income. However, you don’t have to claim your 1099 form until you receive the full payment you agreed to.
Design a colleague’s website? 1099. Cater an independent event? 1099. Tutor a client? 1099.
And, in case it wasn’t clear, consider this scenario:
You accept a swanky banquet server position or decide to roll up your sleeves and bust suds in a dishwasher position you found on a gig economy app. You earn some money on the side — great — but did you get a 1099?
Get a 1099 for any paid work — end of the story.
Does a 1099 Get Reported to Unemployment?
Now for the all-important question: Can freelancers apply for unemployment?
Typically, gig workers or self-employed individuals do not qualify for unemployment.
However, under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act signed in 2020, these individuals can temporarily receive unemployment along with their part-time or temporary income. When the act expires on September 6, 2021, independent contractors will no longer qualify for unemployment again. Likewise, if you are offered a suitable job and deny it to receive unemployment, you will no longer be eligible for unemployment benefits.
So, can freelancers apply for unemployment? Yes, but you’re going to have to act fast.
Does that 1099 get reported to unemployment?
Yes, a 1099 is reported to unemployment.
When collecting unemployment, you are required to report any source of income you receive. Whether you’re a self-employed entrepreneur or a gig worker, the earnings you make must be submitted to unemployment. Once you’ve filed that money on your unemployment claim, you’ll likely see that your unemployment benefits pause or decrease momentarily during the weeks you made money depending on the amount.
Unemployment Vs. Gig Work
Unemployment. Gig work. There are quite a few differences between these two forms of income. And, luckily for you, you don’t have to find the differences for yourself. We’ve done the leg work for you. Let’s take a look at the distinctions between collecting unemployment and accepting gig work shifts.
Let’s not be shy about it: How much can you really make on unemployment?
The short answer is unemployment benefits vary depending on where you live. Bummer. Each state uses its own formula to determine the percentage of your previous wage that you will receive from unemployment services.
Currently, the majority of states pay no more than $500 per week for unemployment, with a few exceptions that pay upwards of that amount. However, with the CARES Act, unemployment benefit recipients can expect an extra $300 weekly. Although, it’s important to note that many states have withdrawn from this program as the economy recovers from the COVID-19 pandemic. In this case, you should not expect a bonus of $300.
Gig Work Benefits
Making the decision to work gig shifts comes with more than enough benefits. With apps like Qwick, you have the freedom to set your hours and create a schedule that best fits your needs.
On top of that, you have your choice of positions with gig work. If you have a strong interest in bartending, you can use convenient gig apps to select that interest and find jobs that suit what you’re looking for. Individuals passionate about expanding their skill sets can select from various hospitality and event services to learn more about the industry as a whole. With gig work, the possibilities are endless.
Lastly, the rate of income is higher with gig shifts compared to unemployment. The $500 weekly unemployment benefit roughly equates to $12 an hour in a traditional 40-hour workweek. Top Qwick Professionals average $20 per hour per shift, amounting to $3,452 per month — pretty amazing for gig work that allows autonomy.
So what do you say? $12 versus $20 — which allows you to take more cash home, continue to grow your professional network, and build valuable skills? We know which one sounds like the better deal. That’s roughly double what you can make on unemployment each week, all while working with companies that fuel your passion for your chosen industry.
Start Earning an Income with Qwick
Though unemployment can be beneficial in the immediate aftermath of job loss, gig work offers the income and schedule flexibility to fit your needs in the long-term. With Qwick, the shifts come right to you. Once you’ve registered and attended orientation, Qwick matches your qualifications with available openings and alerts you via text. The gig economy app offers you the freedom to decide when and where you work, so you have the opportunity to focus on your specific needs.
Sign up with Qwick to start earning today, and don’t forget to get a 1099! | <urn:uuid:3dc6b6d2-3d89-41dc-9780-7d71d71bbc01> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.qwick.com/blog/1099-reported-to-unemployment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.943061 | 1,331 | 1.53125 | 2 |
When it comes to work motivation, most of us would start out by trying the usual routes: setting internal goals, giving yourself small rewards, or close working relationships with colleagues. But did you ever consider your nutrient intake might have something to do with your lacklustre feeling? When we lead a busy and stressful working life, full of deadlines and financial pressures, we often burn up more vitamins and minerals than we take in, which over time can cause nutrient deficiencies.
This can have a dramatic impact on your emotional well being, your ability to focus, your management of stress, and, as a consequence, how motivated you might feel at work. A simple answer to this is to consider taking a daily multivitamin and mineral. To understand why, we’ve broken down why it can not only improve your health, but could help you rediscover your work motivation as well.
What affects your motivation and drive at work?
When starting your own company, a high motivation level is key to push through the initial phases. Aside from forging your brand and company name, technicalities such as registering your own business, and the process of finding a suitable team to support you make for a long and arduous process. Sustaining motivation throughout is possible, but does take a very driven and diligent business mind.
The everyday, often less interesting, aspects of running your own business such as paperwork and financing can really take their toll on a business owner’s willingness to work. The combination of routine tasks and high workloads, impending deadlines, and lack of sleep could really make a business owner seriously consider if all the hard work is really worth it. And with all of these factors leading to stress hormones being constantly released, we use up excess amounts of key essential nutrients — zinc, magnesium, vitamin C, and B vitamins, for example.
In addition, when we’re busy at work, we often forget to feed ourselves healthily. It’s easy to go for a convenient shop bought option, rather than a nutritionally dense homemade lunch, but sometimes that is the only option that is on offer. Ultimately though, the choices we make really can have an effect on how we feel at work.
It’s important to consider all potential reasons why your motivation might be lacking, which could include emotional strains at home, bereavement, or financial concerns. Whilst these issues cannot be solved by a simple multivitamin and mineral, keeping your body fueled and healthy with all the vitamins and nutrients will allow you to focus on rediscovering your work motivation.
Multivitamin’s multi-functionality in the workplace
With a combination of vitamins and minerals, a good quality multivitamin and mineral is like an insurance policy for our health and emotional well being. But what actually are the key vitamins and minerals we should be looking out for when it comes to choosing a motivating multivitamin?
Vitamin B5 is essential for healthy adrenal gland function, which is where your stress hormones are released. It can not only help you to withstand stressful situations, but also help to cope with sudden spikes in stress levels. A frequent occurrence in the unpredictable game of running your own business. For small business owners, perhaps the most stressful of times is in the pitching phase of a new idea. Vitamin B5, however, can help to level out stress hormones, which can, in turn, allow business owners to keep a cool head when it comes to making a big pitch, and maintain focus of their initial idea.
Zinc and vitamin B6
A simple smile in a client meeting can make all the difference when it comes to making a good impression. Zinc and vitamin B6 support neurotransmitter production, including serotonin — the brain chemical which maintains mood balance. When it comes to creativity it’s important to enter a brainstorm with a positive disposition. With serotonin being known as the ‘happy chemical’, zinc and vitamin B6 can, therefore, affect how business owners not only motivate their creative team, but also play into a part in forecasting your business development. Having a positive outlook on your businesses’ future is key to long-term motivation as a business owner and within the workplace.
Despite the pressures of running your own business, it is important to have the ability to relax. Perhaps you have deadlines looming at the end of the month, and there just doesn’t seem to be enough hours in the day? This stress builds as tension in the muscles and the brain, effectively distracting you from the task at hand. Magnesium, however, is responsible for chemical reactions in your muscles (including the brain) which make them relax. For business owners, a relaxed mind will allow for clarity of thinking and a heightened sense of focus on deadlines, rather than an unproductive panicked disposition.
Vitamin C and selenium
It is easy to feel under-motivated at work when you are feeling under the weather feeling. Cold and flu quickly make their way around the office. Having a cough or cold can really make a working day drag, and can cause even more of an annoyance when you have to face clients, or maybe in back to back meetings all day. Vitamin C and selenium can efficiently work together to strengthen the immune system, fending off any workplace viruses and eliminating any possible onset of infection.
Rediscovering your work motivation is ultimately a task for the mind. But taking a multivitamin and mineral daily, can be a simple way to ensure that your brain and body are at their best to take on working life as a business owner. Once you’ve found your focus, and you are fuelled with all the vitamins you need, there are no bounds on what you can achieve within your business. If you’re still unsure on any aspect of starting a business, or need help to find an industry that motivates you, visit our help centre.
Catherine Jeans is a nutritional therapist and writer for Healthspan. She has a special interest in women’s health, supporting hormonal balance and optimal well-being in women of all ages, through the use of food, nutrition and functional health. | <urn:uuid:55908933-77b7-4fce-82a0-a8366fde5bb6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theformationscompany.com/knowledge-base/why-a-multivitamin-can-be-the-key-to-rediscovering-your-work-motivation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.955329 | 1,265 | 1.625 | 2 |
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to himself, he sees the folly of his
repents he resolves, he amends. Such a change of life we can easily conceive. In his former situation, he knew not what he did, he was transported by passion, he went headlong down the torrent. But when once he began to reflect, he found that thát was the criti. cal moment of life, which, if he had neglected, his return would have been more difficult. In his former fituation, he went forward in the path which seemed right in his own eyes, without looking back. He did not act against the admonitions of conscience, he did not think at all. But if, after his eyes were opened to discern the state of wretchedness and guilt into which he had fallen ; if, after this, he had returned to folly again, it would have been much more diffi. cult to restore him by repentance. Let this then be your conduct; whenever you come to the knowledge of your fins, whenever you perceive any thing amiss in your lives, seize the favourable moment, as the proper time to reform.
What is it, I beseech you, that you do by delaying ? You allow corruption time to strengthen and fortify itself; you give temptation double force, by yielding to it, not from surprise, but with deliberate consent; you weaken the power of conscience, that check which God appointed to you in your evil courses ; and, with your own hand, you throw obstacles in the way
You now see you are fin. ful and undone ; you now resolve to repent and amend ; you are now setting out in the path which leadeth to life; you are not far from the kingdom of God. But if you resolve and perform not; if, when you are once engaged, you draw back; you
then Ay off from the path of life to the way of destruction; you throw yourself farther from the kingdom of God than if
had never set out. then, at once make your escape from the allurements of sin; break the chains by which you are held ; cut off all the avenues and approaches to the sin that befets you'; give no time to the enemies of your soul to collect their strength ; by faith and repentance now enter on the way that opens into the heavens; when you say, with fincere purpose of heart, “ I will “ arise and go to my Father,” in that moment arise and go to thy Father ; now is the accepted time, now i is the day of salvation. In the
second place, By delaying, your converfion will become extremely difficult.
Thou sayest, Oman! that thou wilt repent in some future period of time; but thou knoweft not the danger of such a resolution. It is amazing to think with what ease we can impose upon ourselves. In spite of all his boasted wisdom, man is more fimple than the beast of the field. Do you consider, my friends, that delaying from day to day, and from year to year, that postponing the work of your falvation to some future period of time, is little better than a fixed determination that you will never begin it at all ? Do you reflect, that the time to come, if it ever comes, will be the same to you then, that the present time is to you now? There will occur the fame difficulties to deter you, the same pleasures to allure you, the same dangers to terrify you. Objects will then be as present, and strike the senses as strongly, as ever ; and the time of reformation will Atill be tomorrow. Nay, it will then be more diffi
cult to be saved than it is now. You will have mote fins to repent of; more bad habits to subdue; a more corrupted nature to put off., It is a remarkable fact, and deferves your most serious attention, that, among all the conversions recorded in Scripture, there is not one of a finner who delayed his repentance. Among all the returning penitents there mentioned, there is not one in the situation of a Christian, who daily hears the Gospel without its having any effect upon his life. Zaccheus, upon hearing Jesus Christ proclaim the glad tidings of salvation, yielded to the influences of that grace to which he had hitherto been a stranger, and surrendered himself to a call which had never been made before. The apostles, in the course of their ministry, converted Jews and Gentiles. They converted the Jews, by proposing to them an idea, which was new to them, the Lord of glory, whom they with wicked hands had crucified and flain. They converted the Gentiles, by working miracles in proof of their divine commission, and by preaching the doctrines of Salvation to them, which they had never heard before.
But what new methods can we attempt with you? Is there any motive to repentance which hath not already been urged upon you? Is there one avenue to the heart which has not already been tried, and which has not already been tried in vain ? Shall we address ourselves to your conscience, to give you the alarm ? But alas! you have often heard its voice, you have often disregarded its voice, and by efforts too fuccessful, have lulled it into a profound sleep. Shall we address ourselves to your hopes, by defcri'bing to you the joys of heaven, the rivers of pleasures
which are at God's right hand, the happiness of the blessed, the triumphs of eternity? All these have been already presented to your eyes, and to all these you have preferred the enjoyments of an hour. You have sold your birth-right to immortality for a for: did gratification, and you now only mind eartha ly things. Shall we endeavour to alarm your fears, by setting before you the horrors of hell, the worm that never dies, the fire that is never quenched, ever: lasting destruction from the presence of the Lord and the glory of his power? These have been traced out to you an hundred times, and you have learned the fatal art of freeing yourselves from the fears of them. Shall we implore you by the grace of the Gospel, and by the tender mercies of the God of Peace ? But alas ! you have undervalued his mercy, you have turned his grace into wantonness. Shall we set be: fore you the image of a Saviour dying on the crofs for the redemption of the world ? But alas ! a cruci. fied Redeemer hath been often preached to you, the memorial of his facrifice hath been renewed in your fight, and after all you have counted his blood as a. common thing, you have looked upon the Son of God suffering on the cross with as much unconcern as the Jews of old, when they cried out, Away “ with him, away with him !"
In the third place, By long delaying, your converfion may become altogether impossible.
Habit, says the proverb, is a second nature; and indeed it is stronger than the first. At first, we eafily take the bend, and are moulded by the hands of the master; but this nature of our own making is proof against alteration. The Ethiopian may as soon
change his skin, and the leopard his spots; the tor mented in hell may as soon revisit the earth ; as those who have been long accustomed to do evil, may learn to do well. Such is the wife appointment of Heaven to deter finners from delaying their repent
When the evil principle hath corrupted the whole capacity of the mind; when fin, by its frequency and its duration, is woven into the very efsence of the soul, and is become part of ourselves; when the sense of moral good and evil is almost totally extinct; when conscience is feared as with a hot iron; when the heart is so hard that the arrows of the Almighty cannot pierce it; and when, by a long course of crimes, we have become what the Scripture most emphatically calls, “ vessels of wrath fitted for “ destruction;"—then we have filled up the measure of our fins; then Almighty God (wears in his wrath that we shall not enter into his rest; then there remaineth no more sacrifice for sin, but a fearful look. ing for wrath, and indignation which shall devour the adversary. Almighty God, weary of bearing with the sins of men, delivers them over to a reprobate mind, when, like Pharaoh, they survive only as monuments of wrath ; when, like Esau, they cannot find a place for repentance, although they seek it carefully with tears; when, like the foolish virgins, they come knocking, but the door of mercy is for ever shut.
Further, Let me remind you, my brethren, that if you repent not now, perhaps you will not have another opportunity. You say you will repent in fome future period of time, but are you sure of arriving at that period of time? Have you one hour | <urn:uuid:490bedd8-8877-4370-b122-b1a18855ae20> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://books.google.fr/books?id=w0cNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA250&focus=viewport&vq=%22even+them+will+I+bring+to+my+holy+mountain,+and+make+them+Joyful+in%22&dq=editions:ISBN0461053934&lr=&hl=fr&output=text | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.977779 | 1,889 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Camden Fringe 2013
Gail Louw’s play about Stella Goldschlag is a powerful examination of what motivates us in our actions. Blonde Poison tells the story of a young German Jewish woman who betrayed thousands of fellow Jews during WWII by revealing their identities to the Gestapo. Decades on, she has agreed to be interviewed by a journalist about her actions and her experiences, but can she ever be released from her past?
Gail Louw’s play Blonde Poison tells the true story of Stella Goldschlag, a young German Jewish woman who betrayed an estimated 3,000 fellow Jews during WWII by revealing their whereabouts to the Gestapo. Living illegally in war-torn
With superb direction by Tony Milner, Elizabeth Counsell captivates, excelling in the role of Stella. It’s a spell-binding, uncomfortable 90 minutes of entertainment. Uncomfortable in the best possible way – the complexity of the human condition and the fragility of a woman who can barely now live with her past actions is palpable. Counsell captures the essence of this woman with verve, nuance, and feeling.
The setting is a sitting room in Stella’s
Louw’s brilliant script focuses on the personality of Stella as a whole. On the one hand there is the attempt at self-justification and a lesson in understanding the realities of surviving life as a Jew in Nazi-occupied territory. On the other hand we are confronted with a woman who is still overwhelmingly preoccupied with her looks, her sexual conquests, her loneliness, and her own suffering.
The character of Stella is one we admit to sympathising with because of her exposure to betrayal, her initial good intentions under interrogation, the subsequent torture she suffered, the ten years of hard labour, her daughter snatched from her arms at four months old and thrust into care, and her now grown-up daughter’s antipathy towards her. But we still dislike and judge her in her arrogance, her delight in her beauty and her straight teeth, her continual rejection of her own Jewish heritage, and of her decision to assist the Gestapo. It appears that when she revels in the attention she once received for her blonde good looks, the self-absorbed arrogance on her part is just an attempt to put off asking herself the inevitable question she assumes will be asked by the journalist: “but how can you live with yourself?”
Louw creates a setting for self-interrogation. The journalist is never needed. Stella is positioned as both interviewer and interviewee. She is creating her own opportunity for redemption in trying to reconcile herself with why she betrayed the Jewish-German population all those years ago.
This is a fascinating performance of a well-written, intriguing play about a woman who will easily spark judgement and opinion. But it’s a humanising tale, and it asks questions, many questions. Asked by none other than Stella herself. | <urn:uuid:340adc20-d7d0-4e5a-bacb-5ce9191386b6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fringereview.co.uk/review/camden-fringe/2013/blonde-poison/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.954002 | 612 | 1.78125 | 2 |
A gorgeous retrospective on the transformation of Inuit art in the 20th century, mirroring the vast and poignant cultural changes in the North.
In response to a rapidly changing Arctic environment, Inuit have had to cope with the transition from a traditional lifestyle to the disturbing realities of globalization and climate change. Inuit art in the latter half of the 20th century reflects the reciprocal stimulus of contact with Euro-Canadians and embodies the evolution of a modern Inuit aesthetic that springs from an ancient cultural context, creating an exciting new hybridized art form.
Inuit Modern: Art from the Samuel and Esther Sarick Collection situates modern Inuit art within a larger framework that reinterprets the Canadian Arctic. Essays by leading Canadian scholars in the field including Ingo Hessel, Robert McGhee, Christine Laloude, Heather Igloliorte, Dorothy Eber and Bernadette Driscoll Engelstad examine the social, political and cultural transformation through the dynamic lens of colonial influence and agency. Inuit Modern also features interviews with David Ruben Piqtoukun and Zacharias Kunuk.
Published in 2011 | <urn:uuid:d793615b-b716-4c97-ba21-da83264d9825> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://coastalpeoples.com/archive-artist/?a=gerald-mcmaster | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.866826 | 242 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Are you thinking of making the switch from WordPress.org to WordPress.com? Perhaps you’re not sure what the differences are between the two platforms, or which one is right for you.
In this blog post, we’ll take a look at the pros and cons of each platform, and show you how to make the switch from WordPress.org to WordPress.com. Let’s get started!
What Is WordPress.Com?
WordPress.com is a hosted version of the open-source software WordPress.org. WordPress.org is free to download and use, but you will need to find your own hosting and domain name.
WordPress.com is a paid service that includes hosting and a domain name, as well as a number of other features such as custom design themes and increased storage. You can also connect a WordPress.com site to an existing domain name.
While WordPress.com is a great option for many people, it is not suitable for everyone. If you want complete control over your website, including the ability to install plugins and access the code, then you should use WordPress.org.
What Is The Difference Between WordPress.Org And WordPress.Com?
WordPress.org and WordPress.com are two different versions of the WordPress content management system. WordPress.org is a self-hosted platform, which means you need to sign up for a web hosting account and install WordPress on your own server.
WordPress.com, on the other hand, is a hosted platform, which means you can create a website without having to set up your own hosting account. Both platforms have their own pros and cons, so it’s important to choose the one that’s right for you.
If you’re looking for more control over your website and don’t mind managing your own hosting account, then WordPress.org is the best choice. However, if you want an easier way to create a website with all the bells and whistles, then WordPress.com might be a better option.
Ultimately, the decision between WordPress.org and WordPress.com depends on your needs and preferences.
How To Migrate Your Website From WordPress.Org To WordPress.Com?
There are a few reasons why you might want to migrate your website from WordPress.org to WordPress.com. Maybe you’re not happy with the hosting service you’re using, or you want to take advantage of the features that WordPress.com has to offer.
Whatever the reason, migrating your website can be a bit daunting. Here are a few tips to help make the process as smooth as possible:
1. Export your content from WordPress.org. You can do this by going to Tools > Export in your dashboard.
2. Create a WordPress.com account and choose a plan. If you’re moving a large website, you’ll need to choose a business plan which offers unlimited storage space.
3. Import your content into WordPress.com. Again, go to Tools > Import in your dashboard, and follow the instructions on the screen.
4. Set up your domain name. If you want to keep using the same domain name, you’ll need to set up domain mapping through WordPress.com. This will redirect traffic from your old website to your new one.
5. Update your links and redirects. Once everything is set up, update any links or bookmarks that point to your old website so that they
The Benefits Of Using WordPress.Com Over WordPress.Org
WordPress.com and WordPress.org are two different entities that offer different benefits to users. WordPress.com is a subsidiary of Automattic, the company that owns and maintains WordPress.org. WordPress.com is a hosted solution, which means that Automattic handles all of the technical aspects of running the website, including security, backup, and updates.
As a result, WordPress.com is an ideal solution for users who want a hassle-free experience. WordPress.org, on the other hand, is a self-hosted solution, which means that users are responsible for handling all of the technical aspects of their website. While this may sound daunting, it actually gives users a great deal of control over their website.
For example, users can install custom themes and plugins, and they can access the source code of their website. As a result, WordPress.org is a better solution for users who are looking for more flexibility and customization options.
How To Use The Different Features Of WordPress.Com?
WordPress.com is a popular website builder that offers users a variety of features to create and manage their websites. One of the most useful features of WordPress.com is the ability to create sub-pages, which can be used to organize your site’s content in an easy-to-navigate hierarchy.
To create a sub-page, simply click on the “Add page” link in the WordPress.com editor and select “Add child page.” This will create a new page that is indented beneath the parent page in the structure. You can then add content to this new page just like you would any other page on your site.
Once you have created a few sub-pages, you can use the WordPress.com navigation editor to rearrange their order or change their hierarchical relationship. This is a great way to organize your site’s content so that visitors can easily find what they’re looking for.
How To Set Up A Custom Domain Name On WordPress.Com?
If you’ve ever wanted to create a website, you’ve probably heard of WordPress. WordPress is a popular content management system that helps you create a website quickly and easily. However, there are two different versions of WordPress – WordPress.org and WordPress.com.
While both versions allow you to create a website, they have different features and capabilities. WordPress.com is a good option if you’re looking for an easy way to create a basic website.
However, if you want more control over your website and the ability to add custom features, you’ll need to use WordPress.org. To set up a custom domain name for your WordPress.org website, follow these steps:
1) Log in to your WordPress account and go to the dashboard.
2) Click on “Settings” and then “General.”
3) In the “Site Address” field, enter your desired domain name.
4) Scroll down and click “Save Changes.”
5) Next, you’ll need to purchase a domain name from a registrar like GoDaddy or Namecheap.
6) Once you’ve purchased your domain name, log in to your registrar account and find the DNS (Domain Name System
Tips For Migrating Your Website Successfully
If you’re thinking of migrating your website from wordpress.org to wordpress.com, there are a few things you should keep in mind. First of all, you’ll need to export your content from wordpress.org in order to import it into wordpress.com.
The process is fairly straightforward, but it’s always a good idea to create a backup of your content just in case. Once you’ve imported your content into wordpress.com, you’ll need to choose a new theme and customize it to fit your needs.
And finally, you’ll need to update any links or references to your old website so that they point to your new wordpress.com site. With a little bit of preparation, migrating your website from wordpress.org to wordpress.com can be a painless process. | <urn:uuid:c032e7eb-251f-4f3e-99d2-fe517e7d82e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://trinitywebagency.com/wordpress-org-to-wordpress-com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.903633 | 1,607 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Objectives To determine the agreement of fingertip and sternum capillary refill time (CRT) in children.
Design Prospective, method-comparison study.
Setting Single children's emergency department, UK
Participants 92 children aged 0–12 years, with clinical observations within normal ranges for their age, no relevant medical history and presenting to hospital with a minor illness or injury.
Main outcome measures Agreement between fingertip and sternum CRT measurements.
Results Fingertip CRT ranged from 0.05 to 2.78 s with a mean of 1.08±0.44 and sternum CRT ranged from 0.85 to 2.38 s with a mean of 1.5±0.33. There was a significant difference between fingertip and sternum CRT (t=−9.2, df=91, p=<0.001) and a weak association between the two measurements (r=0.18, p=0.9). A Bland Altman comparison showed the mean difference between fingertip and sternum CRT was −0.49±0.51 with an upper and lower limit of agreement ranging from −1.5 (95% CI −1.69 to −1.32) to 0.53 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.71).
Conclusions Measurements of CRT taken at the fingertip and sternum are not comparable. Fingertip CRT was faster than sternum CRT. Normal CRT is 2–3 s. The current study questions the usefulness of CRT in the assessment of circulation in children.
- Data Collection
- Paediatric Practice
- Accident & Emergency
Statistics from Altmetric.com
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways. | <urn:uuid:06551946-8c48-49f0-ab9c-bd190ec881b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://adc.bmj.com/content/98/4/265.abstract | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.868397 | 426 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Let’s face it. Making Real Food can feel overwhelming. We are busy people. We have limited budgets. We have constantly shifting priorities. Feeding our families is a constant balancing act. Do we opt for convenience at the cost of a little nutrient-density? Do we sacrifice time with our families in order to feed them more nourishing food?
We’ve all been there. Imagine these scenarios.
ONE. It’s a half hour before dinner. You’ve had a hectic day. No meat’s defrosted. You’ve got tons of fresh veggies about to go bad. Everyone is starving and tired. What do you do?
TWO. You need to get out the door to take your kids to school, but your toddler peed his pants, your middle kid can’t find her shoes, and you haven’t had time to fix breakfast. What do you do?
THREE. You are out of virtually everything. You’ve got three young children and have no desire to drive an hour to Costco or Trader Joe’s, park, then wheel their mischievous little selves around the store for an hour while you grocery shop, then drive an hour home. The THOUGHT exhausts you, let alone the DOING. What do you do?
FOUR. You are going to be out of your home running errands all day and night. How do you pack convenient food to feed your family that will stay fresh and nourishing? The temptation to just forfeit planning and eat out gnaws at you. What do you do?
I’m sure you have no problem identifying.
Even if you don’t have children, you have a life. And preparing Real Food sometimes makes so many demands on it that you may want to just give up.
But does Real Food have to be so demanding?
Let’s take a closer look.
Myth #1: Real Food takes too much planning.
In the first scenario above, you fell victim to not enough planning. You didn’t plan ahead for dinner, so nothing’s defrosted. You don’t plan what you’re going to do with all those beautiful, fresh veggies, so they’re rapidly going bad. Or maybe you planned both, but life’s unexpected surprises made it impossible to follow through.
So, what does that mean? Scrambled eggs for dinner?
Enough days of that and your family will start groaning.
What if I told you that even on nights like these, you could still get a meaty, nourishing meal on the table in just a half hour?
(YES! Even if you’re starting with frozen meat!)
Myth #2: Real Food takes too much time.
In the second scene above, you simply didn’t have enough time to cook breakfast. It was time to GO, and yet no one had eaten anything.
What were you supposed to do? Eat a drive-thru breakfast? Call it a fasting morning and pile into the car anyway? Decide to be late?
Yowsers. It seems there isn’t a choice that leaves you uncompromised.
What if I told you that even on mornings like these, you could still feed your family a nutrient-dense breakfast in just a few minutes?
Seriously. Two to three minutes from start to finish.
Myth #3: Real Food requires too much energy.
In the third scenario, you were … exhausted. The prospect of going shopping with three little ones in tow was enough to send you over the edge and into despair.
What were you supposed to do? Suck it up and pray and hope the three hour outing didn’t mess with your sanity too much? Give yourself a caffeine boost and hope you didn’t morph into Grumpy Mom? Scrounge an unappealing dinner from your pantry and freezer staples and hope you have more energy tomorrow? Spend a bunch of money eating out because you couldn’t bring yourself to make it to the store?
No really. None of those options sounds at all appealing.
Yet, we’ve all been there.
What if I told you that you didn’t have to make long, tedious trips to the store? That you could have your organic groceries and bulk goods delivered right to your doorstep?
Whether it’s through online natural grocers, CSAs, sites like Amazon, or simply by arranging to have a friend go shopping for you, busy Real Food cooks know how to save energy and time by avoiding time-consuming trips to Costco and Trader Joe’s.
Myth #4: Real Food is inconvenient.
In the final scene above, you battle with convenience. Preparing Real Food is an involved affair, one you can’t casually do on the road while running errands.
What were you supposed to do? Eat out at a restaurant that surely uses soybean or canola oil in all its food preparation? Or worse, simply blast through a drive-thru and eat in the car?
While that may work if you’re only talking about yourself, what happens when you add your children or spouse to the picture?
What if I told you that you could pack nutrient-dense meals that stayed fresh or cool or hot? All you’d need was the right lunch containers and a smidgen of forethought.
Want to learn how busy cooks bust these myths wide open?
How we conquer the odds? How we make real food easy, take less time, require less energy, and stay convenient?
Let me tell you about something that may just change your life.
It’s an online course called Real Food For Busy People.
It’s a class created and taught BY busy cooks, FOR busy cooks.
In it, you’ll learn how to:
- Get dinner on the table in less than 30 minutes — even if you’re starting with frozen meat
- Save time shopping by buying in bulk and automating purchases
- Save time through faster meal prep and freezer-cooking
- Make quick, nutrient-dense breakfasts
- Pack lunches that don’t require heating or that stay hot
- Save time by outsourcing (children, husband, & professionals can all help!)
- Survive road trips and avoid fast food
And so much more!
This is NOT a recipe course.
While it is true that there are more than 50+ recipes included in the course, this is primarily a class about technique. You will learn HOW to chop vegetables quickly, HOW to shave time off your meal preparation, HOW to make Real Food convenient.
To see a full list of each lesson and what you’ll learn, click here.
HURRY! Enroll now and save up to 65% off.
This comprehensive e-course normally sells for $199. It’s that in-depth and packed full of valuable information.
But, from now until August 8th, it’s being offered at a 50% discount. That’s just $99!
But even better, VGN Premium members can sign up for the e-course and get 65% off! (If you aren’t a Premium Member, no worries. You can join for as little as $5.)
That brings the cost down to just $69.
And remember, that’s the price for VGN Premium members.
If you aren’t a VGN Premium member and want to enroll, sign up is a snap and can cost as little as $5. Or, you could buy a year-long Premium membership and it will pay for itself with this e-course purchase. Then, for the rest of the year, all those coupons, savings, and special discounts will be yours at no additional cost.
WAIT! $69 for LIFETIME enrollment? High-quality videos? AND life-changing content?
Yes. Guys, this is super, super cheap. I can’t remember the last time we at Village Green Network hosted a sale this huge.
9th 15th, this price is going back up to $199. (And trust me, it’s worth EVERY PENNY of $199.) You’ll still be able to enroll, but you’ll have missed out on this smokin’ hot deal.
Ready to learn more?
Click here to enroll & see what my excitement is all about.
You’ll get an in-depth introduction to all your teachers, see a full-length description of what you’ll learn in each lesson, get the chance to review Frequently Asked Questions, and so much more.
Just click here. | <urn:uuid:f9a996d3-df8b-4ad2-83f4-ef7afc0f839e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.foodrenegade.com/have-fallen-for-these-4-real-food-myths/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.94886 | 1,856 | 1.632813 | 2 |
§ The Marquess of Lansdowne moved, that their Lordships take into consideration the Resolutions of the House of Commons on the subject of Railway Bills. He had already adverted to the line of inquiries which the House of Commons had pursued, and to the great extent of property now invested in Railways, and pointed out the necessity of an accurate preliminary inquiry, before their Lordships sanctioned by their approbation any of the numerous plans which had been brought before Parliament. He proposed to their Lordships to give their sanction to the resolutions which had been adopted by the other House which insisted on the necessity of a more particular inquiry into all the circumstances detailed in application for Railway Bills. If their Lordships adopted those resolutions, it would relieve the parties to such bills as were approved of by the House of Commons, of a serious expense. He proposed that their Lordships should enjoin their Committees to look into 1061 the Reports of the House of Commons to be satisfied that proof had been given of the matters required. Such a course of proceeding would save the parties from much expense; but many very important suggestions, in addition to those that were to be found in the report of the Select Committee of the House of Commons had been thrown out, which, as regarded future Bills, their Lordships might adopt. One of these was, that a proportion of the sum subscribed for these works should be paid into the Bank of England. Another suggestion, and one well worthy of consideration, was, whether any plan could he devised to secure the inquiry of an experienced engineer with reference to any proposed railway, either by the Government or by the parties interested, provided that the opinion given by him should have a perfectly impartial character. If that object could be obtained without incurring any enormous expense, he thought that it was one which it was most desirable to accomplish. It would have the effect of enabling parties to ascertain, before they adopted a line of road which possessed certain merits, whether there was not another line the merits of which were still greater. Such a survey, he feared, could only be carried on under the authority of Government or Parliament, but if it could be accomplished, it would be particularly serviceable in Ireland where few projects of this description were as yet set on foot. Another suggestion was, that-all those railways should ultimately become public property. To that proposition he could not agree, because it would have the effect of debarring individuals from proceeding with works of this nature. Such a plan could not be carried into effect unless Government took another step, and became parties to these undertakings. Such was the case in America, where the local governments were frequently shareholders. From the impetus which had been given to the construction of these great public works, arising from the wealth and intelligence of the country, an impetus which was hourly increasing, it became necessary for the Legislature to look with care and vigilance to the probable success of such undertakings. With that view he should move, "That this House agree in the principle of the Resolutions assented to by the House of Commons on the subject of the proceedings relative to Railway Bills: that Committees should be appointed to consider such Bills—to inquire into the practicability of carrying the plans into effect, as 1062 stated in the Resolutions of the House of Commons—and to require such further information as may be deemed necessary."
§ The Earl of Ripon
was not aware that any opposition could be raised against the motion. He was anxious that proper security should be extended to the private rights of those whose property was likely to be affected by Bills of this description in future. That point alone afforded sufficient reason, in a constitutional view, to induce that and the other House of Parliament to examine the details of these Bills with scrupulous vigilance. In one respect, and a very important one, a better system of regulation might be adopted. He spoke of the degree of notice that ought to be given to the proprietors of lands or houses through whose property it was intended that a railway should pass. As the resolutions stood at present, it was only necessary that the projectors should lodge in the office of the clerk of the peace a plan of the intended railway on or before the 30th of November. But the projectors were not required to give any notice whatever to the proprietors of lands or houses whose interests might be seriously affected by the work. The fact was, that in many instances grievous injustice, almost amounting to fraud, had been inflicted on parties who were incited to subscribe to undertakings of this description, before any understanding had been come to with individuals whose property was likely to be affected. With respect to the owners of land and houses, they were frequently placed in a very invidious situation. The projectors of a railway pledged themselves, in the first instance, without applying to the proprietors, to pursue a certain line, and the latter were compelled either to give their assent, however much against their will, or if they resisted the proposition, they were exposed to obloquy as the opponents of a work of public utility and convenience. He would, therefore, say, that a notice of six weeks or two months should be given to every landowner and householder before any plan by which their property was likely to be affected was proceeded with. It was proper that such fair notice should be given before the property of individuals was seized upon.
§ Lord Hatherton
regretted, that there was no code with respect to railroads, and thought it desirable that the House should direct its attention to the subject with a view of supplying the deficiency. With reference to what had fallen from his noble Friend as to the notice to be given to the 1063 clerk of the peace of each county he begged to remind him that it was also necessary that notice of the intention of the parties to apply for an Act of Parliament should he given in each county newspaper, describing the line of road, and mentioning the parishes through which it was to pass. He had no objection to further notice being required.
§ Lord Abinger
objected to the adoption of the resolutions at once. He did not think that it was expedient to depart from the ordinary course of examining witnesses on oath before a Committee of their Lordships. He did not think that it would be so satisfactory to rely upon the secondhand evidence obtained from the Commons to examine the witnesses.
§ The Duke of Wellington
concurred in the objections stated by his noble Friend (Lord Abinger) and most decidedly objected to any departure from the usual mode of carrying on the business of their Lordships' House.
§ The Marquess of Lansdowne
observed, that it was by no means his wish that the Committee should depart from the usual mode of taking evidence, and the resolution he had proposed, far from imposing upon them the adoption of such a course, merely imposed upon them a little additional duty. It merely gave them a power which he had no doubt they would exercise with that regard to justice which had ever characterized the proceedings of Committees appointed by their Lordships.
§ Lord Abinger
objected to its being understood that their Lordships would be satisfied with second-hand evidence taken before a Committee of the House of Commons.
§ Lord Hatherton
would suggest that the noble Marquess should postpone the consideration of the Resolution until Monday next.
§ Further consideration of the Resolutions adjourned. | <urn:uuid:63d837cd-f7be-462c-b4e2-d8832f24157b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1836/apr/15/railway-bills | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.986256 | 1,506 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Removal stress? Not anymore! Let Armishaws give you a worry-free relocation.
Established in 1973, Armishaws are a family run company based here in the South West. We believe in greener removals, we’re planting 2,000 trees in the region to offset the carbon emissions of your move. We’re members of the British Association of Removers and operate to the highest standards of customer care and financial security. All our crews are trained to ensure you receive the best customer service, so you can rest assured that your possessions are well cared for in transit and in storage. With our high Trustpilot rating and reviews from so many happy customers, you can be sure that with Armishaws your move is in good hands.
If you’re going, go green with Armishaws! As part of our commitment to reducing the impact of our removals on the environment…
We’re planting 2,000 trees to help offset carbon emissions and reduce the environmental impact of our UK removals.
We’ll collect your used boxes which will be re-used where possible or recycled (one less thing to worry about after your move).
All our boxes and soft packaging are made from recycled and recyclable materials to protect your belongs and the environment.
Our teams drive greener vehicles and all our drivers go through driver efficiency training to reduce the amount of fuel used.
We use acid free tissue paper which is not only better for the environment, acid free paper is also far better for your items.
We use sealable bags to help protect your mattresses while in transit, each bag is used only once before being recycled.
Make your move greener
If you’re looking for local, UK and international removals Fareham isn’t our only destination. We also cover the surrounding area including;
Ask our friendly team for a free, no hassle quote today.
Schools – To help your family make the move, you’ll find current Ofsted scores and reports for Fareham.
Population – The 2011 You.Gov census recorded a population of 42,000 for Fareham.
Transport – Fareham sits beside the M27 motorway, a short distance from the M3 junction offering fast routes to the M25 and central London. To the east the M27 connects with Chichester and Brighton, heading west you’ll reach Southampton and Southampton International Airport. The fastest trains to London Victoria reach the capital in 1 hour and 30 minutes.
News – The Daily Echo covers Fareham news and events.
Once you’ve finished your removals Fareham has a lot to offer. To help you find your feet here’s our pick of the very best of Fareham;
If you’re new to the town it’s vital you take care of the important things first. That’s why we’re starting with the excellent Fareham Wine Shop serving wines, local beers, spirits and more.
Go Visit! – 55 High Street, PO16 7BG
Robin’s Nest Emporium is a lovely place to browse and pick up something a little bit different. The ever-changing stock means it’s always worth popping in.
Go Visit! – 142-144 West Street, PO16 0EL
Vinyl junkies can get their fix at this excellent record shop. Old skool rack browsing at its finest, you can keep up to date with ‘latest in’ thanks to their Facebook page.
Go visit! – 186d West Street, PO16 0HP
Fans of real beer will love West Street Alehouse, they stock a huge range of independent brews and beers. A truly brilliant shop, we’re big fans.
Go Visit! – 164a West Street, PO16 0EH
Frankly, there’s no point living so close to the sea and not taking advantage of the amazing work of Sea-lcious. Sustainable fish, delivered to your door. What’s not to love?!?
Go Visit! – 164b West Street, PO16 0EH
This quiet, unassuming town has had a varied and interesting history. Finds unearthed in the local area trace local life back to the Second Ice Age. Fareham was recorded in the Doomsday Book and by the 12th century had become a bustling port with wine being one of its chief imports. The town rose to fame thanks to the work of local foundry owner William Cort, who invented new ways of producing iron that helped build the town’s wealth. Leather tanning and brickmaking both became major sources of employment and the town was thriving with a population of 65,000 by the 1960s.
Sadly, the river silted up and jobs began to the decline. However, the charm of Fareham remains, with many outdoor areas, shops and local amenities as well as quick access to Portsmouth and Southampton.
Fareham is nestled between two large cities (Portsmouth and Southampton), so while the town doesn’t suffer from the bustle and noise of city living, it does benefit from proximity with everything in easy reach. A number one theatre (The Mayflower, Southampton), cinema complexes, bowling alleys, shopping malls, Portsmouth also boasts an outlet shopping mall, Gunwharf Quays, featuring designer brands at discounted prices.
Fareham itself has a number of clubs and societies if you want to get involved and meet people. There are also local events held throughout the year.
Located just beside the M27 motorway between Portsmouth and Southampton, Fareham is a relatively small town that benefits from its bigger neighbours. Trains to London (Victoria) take just 1 hour 30 minutes, while by car the M3 connects with the M27 close to the town, offering routes to the M25 and London. Southampton Airport is under 30 minutes away for frequent flyers and a sunseekers. | <urn:uuid:4c8aabf5-c294-4897-aecb-6150876f962f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.armishaws.com/fareham-removals/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.939414 | 1,240 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Santa’s Workshop game is the Christmas gift from Smart Kids Games to brighten up the festive atmosphere! Come and join this Christmas story!
Christmas is coming. Soon the houses in the street will glow with lights; Christmas tree will be elaborately decorated;children will go out for ice-skating play snowballs and build a snowman. And, of course, everyone waits for presents from Santa Claus.
Every child knows that Santa Claus has got a huge bag with gifts for the kids who were nice during the year. But how are these marvelous toys made? Let’s sneak in Santa’s Workshop in his North Pole Village and find it out!
Santa’s usual helpers – elves and red-nosed reindeer Rudolph – have disappeared! But preparation for the Holiday keeps our Santa really busy. Santa needs a helping hand at his factory to make toys for Christmas while Mrs. Claus is cooking gingerbread and making tea with cinnamon for the guests.
Thankfully in this winter adventure Santa is accompanied by the little Raccoon and by you!
Do you hear the jingle of the bells? It’s Santa’s sleigh delivered new toys parts that need to be put together. Load these parts to the toy making machine, get the wrapping paper ready and that’s it – presents are ready to be delivered to the awaiting little ones.
Good job! You’ve saved Christmas!
Game features of aspecial theme for the winter games season:
* Amazingly beautifulChristmas themed game for toddlers;
* Interactive Santa app encourages child’s development of attention, logic thinking, memory, cognitive skills, fine motor skills, etc.;
* Stunning art, animation and sounds created by professionals will surely contribute to the festive mood;
* Interface and touch controls are specially designed for toddlers and preschool children 1 – 4 years old;
Interactive games Santa’s Workshop is a toddler game in educational series which is good for both phones and tablets so that your little ones could practice their skills everywhere and whenever they want: during the road trip, in the line to the dentist or when parents need to do some house work.
Merry Christmas and Happy New Year!HO-HO-HO!
Other Smart Kids Games to download:
Car Racing games for Toddlers!
Puzzles for toddlers
Little monsters Yum Yum Free
Counting number games for kids
Odd 1 Out! Find the difference | <urn:uuid:df00cdea-b7b7-42f0-a1c9-74112b855bd5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://smartkids-games.com/index.php/santas-workshop | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.923119 | 519 | 1.914063 | 2 |
|Study Mode||FULL TIME|
|Duration||2 ½ years|
To have a competitive advantage in the business world, business owners must be able to take advantage of the internet and the technologies related to it, and employees with up-to-date knowledge in e-business breakthroughs ensures a lead in the industry. The Diploma in Business Computing programme is focused on core courses in business computing as well as the latest developments in the e-business industry, to give you an advantageous edge in the job market. You will spend a large part of your studies engaged in group-based learning and developing relevant transferable skills in communication, teamwork and leadership through the assessments given.
i. A pass in SPM with at least credit in any 3 subjects inclusive of Mathematics or any equivalent qualification;
ii. A pass in Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia (STPM), with a minimum of Grade C (GP 2.0) in any subject or any equivalent qualification and a credit in Mathematics at SPM level or its equivalent;
iii. A pass in Sijil Tinggi Agama Malaysia (STAM) with a minimum grade of Maqbul (pass) and a credit in Mathematics at SPM level or its equivalent;
iv. A pass in SKM Level 3, and a credit in Mathematics at SPM level or its equivalent;
v. A pass in any qualifications equivalent to Certificate (Level 3, MQF) and a credit in Mathematics at SPM level or its equivalent.
Candidates without a credit in Mathematics at SPM level or its equivalent may be admitted if the Certificate programme contains subjects in mathematics that are equivalent to mathematics at SPM level.
Candidate with a credit in computing related subject at SPM level or its equivalent may be given preferential consideration. | <urn:uuid:79ab0c9d-010d-4f7e-8336-99ed6614b006> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.educationmalaysia.in/university/management-and-science-university/course/diploma-in-business-computing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.913257 | 415 | 1.554688 | 2 |
'Nike meteorite' leaves swoosh in sky over Russia’s Far East (VIDEO, PHOTOS)
The residents of Russia’s Amur region woke up Sunday morning to notice an unusual celestial phenomenon – a shining object flying through the sky, leaving a white trail that some social media users compared to the Nike logo.
“[The trace of the alleged meteorite] looked like a trace of the plane, only bigger and much brighter,” an eyewitness from the city of Belogorsk in the Amur region in Russia’s Far East told the local Amur.info website. The swoosh was seen near one of the military units in the city.
A photo posted by Константин Пивкин (@kostya_talakan) on Jan 17, 2015 at 5:55pm PST
The object then exploded but the thunderclap-like sound was heard only eight minutes later, people said.
“The clap was loud… the trace of explosion was seen in the sky for at least two hours," one person said. "It was an absolutely white trail.”
However, the object didn’t cause any destruction, and even window framed didn’t rattle, witnesses said. They claimed the object was a meteorite, though local authorities haven’t confirmed it yet.
The object was also spotted from the city of Blagoveshchensk in the Amur Region, which is 115 kilometers from Belogorsk.
Благовещенский метеорит оставил после себя небесную скрепу pic.twitter.com/15CJiIMiN7
— Mechanic (21±) (@vovse) January 18, 2015
Social media users were actively commenting on the phenomena, sharing photos.
“It seems to me that Nike, Inc. was the sponsor of this meteorite, “said Twitter user @spartak737, referring to its resemblance to Nike's logo.
— Maks (@spartak737) January 18, 2015
A photo posted by Константин Пивкин (@kostya_talakan) on Jan 17, 2015 at 6:00pm PST | <urn:uuid:fea8c2a8-d632-4cd5-8419-87063805ff9e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rt.com/news/223771-russia-meteorite-far-east/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.929452 | 539 | 1.703125 | 2 |
The length measuring system PE 50 h can be operated with a manually operated wheel. To offer greater stability, the tiltable stop is mounted on a double arm setup. The reading of the measurement happens directly at the stop through a magnet tape and sensor, offering a very high precision level. The carriage with which you can move the stop can be locked in place pneumatically to prevent accidental movements.
The measuring system can be deliverey with a roller conveyor of the type RB300 or RB400, offering a width of the rolls of either 209 or 407 mm. In both cases the distance between each roll is 250mm and the conveyor can carry a maximum load of 200 kg/m. The systems standard coloring is RAL 7016.
Measuring length: 1000 mm – Gesamtlänge System: 1400 mm
Measuring length: 2000 mm – Gesamtlänge System: 2400 mm
Measuring length: 3000 mm – Gesamtlänge System: 3400 mm
Measuring length: 4000 mm – Gesamtlänge System: 4400 mm
Measuring length: 5000 mm – Gesamtlänge System: 5400 mm
Measuring length: 6000 mm – Gesamtlänge System: 6400 mm
Measuring length: 7000 mm – Gesamtlänge System: 7400 mm | <urn:uuid:8ae9c27a-6d0c-4cb1-ad5c-08d995a3f4e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pressta-eisele.de/en/products/pe-50-h/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.693085 | 285 | 1.617188 | 2 |
For nearly two years, Apple has neglected to fix a bug that enables anyone to create fake news headlines that appear to come from credible sources.
Although we covered the flaw nearly two years ago, it’s worth questioning why Apple still has not fixed it. This is especially concerning given that we’re in the final days leading up to the 2020 U.S. presidential election.
Other “Big Tech” companies (in particular Twitter, Facebook, and Google) have recently been accused of engaging in or enabling election interference. Perhaps Apple’s neglect should be examined in this context as well.
How does the exploit work?
Originally discovered in February 2019 by the editorial team at MacRumors, there exists an implementation flaw in a Safari browser feature related to link sharing.
The mobile version of Safari (for iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch) allows users to select text from within a Web page before tapping on the Share button, as a means of highlighting a particular portion of a page for the recipient of an iMessage. The feature is intended to allow users to include a quote from an article in the iMessage link preview.
However, Apple does not limit the preview text selection to the contents of the page as received from the Web server, and therein lies the flaw. Users can type something into a page’s search bar (or any other text field), select the text they just typed, tap the browser’s Share button, and then tap the green-and-white Messages icon to send it to an iMessage recipient of their choice.
The bug as it appeared in iOS 13. It still works the same in iOS 14.1.
Nothing prevents a user from typing a misleading headline or other deceptive text into a field and making it part of the page preview.
It’s worth mentioning that the Messages app on macOS desktop and laptop computers (e.g. iMac, MacBook, etc.) will also display misleading previews sent from Safari on an iOS or iPadOS device.
Why hasn’t Apple done anything to stop this?
When MacRumors editors originally discovered this, they called the flaw “fun” and noted that it could easily be exploited for harmless pranks. However, as we pointed out in February 2019, we feel that all iMessage users should take caution, as the flaw could also potentially be used in more sinister attacks.
We warned last year that this could be exploited as a means to try to get financial investors to buy or sell stocks in a panic based on false headlines, for example.
Now, in the context of a contentious presidential election, it’s disturbing to see that Apple still has not fixed this flaw. Apple has not even announced plans to mitigate the issue.
The flaw has evidently been present in iOS for years; today we tested devices running the final version of iOS 12 (12.4.8), the current version of iOS (14.1), and even the most recent beta version of iOS (14.2 beta 4 — Update: We also tested iOS 14.2 RC). All of these versions of iOS—and corresponding versions of iPadOS—can be used to spread fake news headlines.
Since it seems like this would be an easy thing for Apple to fix (by simply disallowing user input to be part of a link preview), it’s difficult to imagine why Apple has ignored the flaw for nearly two years.
We invited Apple to comment on this story, but company representatives had not responded by publication time. If Apple provides a statement, we will update this article.
Most major news sites are affected
Alarmingly, the majority of news sites we tested were vulnerable to this attack.
We found that it was possible to send fake headlines that appear to be from Donald Trump’s and Joe Biden’s official campaign sites as well.
Following are screenshots showing, as a demonstration, example fake headlines that could be sent from the ABC News, CNN, Fox News, Los Angeles Times, MSNBC, and New York Times homepages.
Although most of these example headlines are a bit silly and unrealistic, one can imagine much more subtle and deceptive headlines that could influence people into changing how they might vote on election day.
A few sites we tested, such as the the main homepages of CBS News and Forbes, seem to be resistant to the bug. More research needs to be done to determine why some sites are resistant while most are not.
Has the attack been used against the 2020 election?
It is impossible to know with any degree of certainty whether this bug has been exploited to spread misinformation to Apple users about this (or any other) election.
Although we have not yet been made aware of any real-world abuse of this exploit, we do know that this bug has been widely known for 20 months, and Apple has chosen not to do anything about it. Apple’s neglect has left ample opportunity for domestic or foreign threat actors to engage in targeted campaigns to deceive individuals in specific communities or demographics, including in swing states.
If you hear of any abuse of this bug for any unethical purposes, whether election interference or stock manipulation or otherwise, please report it to the FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), and consider leaving a detailed comment on this article. You can also contact the author of this article via Twitter direct message.
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A group of 21 House Republicans wrote a letter Monday to Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack with questions about data on foreign land purchases within the United States.
Reps. Dan Newhouse, R-Wash., and Tom Emmer, R-Minn. led the request, which was signed by 19 other GOP members. The letter refers to a May report from the China Economic and Security Review Commission that lawmakers said suggested China “is committed to acquiring foreign farmland to meet growing food supply demands that cannot currently be met at home.”
Newhouse said he wants to ensure the Biden Administration is enforcing the laws currently in place to protect national security. “Over the last decade – and continuing today – we have witnessed the People’s Republic of China invest trillions of dollars throughout the Middle East, Indo-Pacific, South America, and Africa as part of their Belts and Roads Initiative. Now, they’re purchasing U.S. agricultural assets as a national priority for the PRC. This poses an immediate threat to U.S. national security and food security,” Newhouse said in a release.
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The most recent data collected under the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act (AFIDA) shows Chinese investors held a little more than half of 1% of the overall 35.8 million acres of U.S. farmland and forest land under foreign ownership in 2019.
The letter specifically asked for information on three subjects: a detailed definition of AFIDA’s “other agricultural land” category; the effectiveness of AFIDA reporting enforcement, and USDA’s process for monitoring land usage changes between reporting periods.
Lawmakers cited inflation and supply chain issues as reasons to better understand U.S. farmland.
This has long been a priority issue for Newhouse. The Washington Republican has championed language that would bar businesses owned by the Chinese government from buying farmland in the U.S. or participating in USDA programs.
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Berleant's approach to environmental aesthetics considers the human person as an active contributor in a context that includes and is continuous with the participant.
A person is the perceptual center, both as an individual and as a member of a socio-cultural group, of his or her life-world whose horizons are shaped by geographical and cultural factors.
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"Art and the Future of Aesthetics," Proceedings of the Second Latin American Congress of Aesthetics. | <urn:uuid:89c603ff-eb16-44b8-a492-f143ac1c2b20> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://arnoldberleant.com/pages/environ.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.820657 | 2,971 | 2.203125 | 2 |
TECHNOLOGY REPORT article
Sec. Genomic Assay Technology
Fluidic Logic Used in a Systems Approach to Enable Integrated Single-Cell Functional Analysis
- New Technologies Research Department, Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA, USA
The study of single cells has evolved over the past several years to include expression and genomic analysis of an increasing number of single cells. Several studies have demonstrated wide spread variation and heterogeneity within cell populations of similar phenotype. While the characterization of these populations will likely set the foundation for our understanding of genomic- and expression-based diversity, it will not be able to link the functional differences of a single cell to its underlying genomic structure and activity. Currently, it is difficult to perturb single cells in a controlled environment, monitor and measure the response due to perturbation, and link these response measurements to downstream genomic and transcriptomic analysis. In order to address this challenge, we developed a platform to integrate and miniaturize many of the experimental steps required to study single-cell function. The heart of this platform is an elastomer-based integrated fluidic circuit that uses fluidic logic to select and sequester specific single cells based on a phenotypic trait for downstream experimentation. Experiments with sequestered cells that have been performed include on-chip culture, exposure to various stimulants, and post-exposure image-based response analysis, followed by preparation of the mRNA transcriptome for massively parallel sequencing analysis. The flexible system embodies experimental design and execution that enable routine functional studies of single cells.
Recent single-cell transcriptomic analyses have documented the importance of cellular heterogeneity in studying cancer (Ennen et al., 2014; Saadatpour et al., 2014; Kim et al., 2015), immunology (Shalek et al., 2014), developmental biology (Briggs et al., 2015), stem cell research (Wilson et al., 2015), and neurobiology (Pollen et al., 2015). It has been estimated that the human body contains 37.2 trillion cells (Bianconi et al., 2013), excluding the complex microbiome that lives in the human body. High-throughput single-cell mRNA sequencing provides an unbiased path to classifying this vast number of cells into cell types. This endeavor has stimulated the development of methods to increase throughput (Fan et al., 2015; Klein et al., 2015; Macosko et al., 2015). The classification of cell types can be thought of as a high-resolution anatomy. At the single-cell level, moving from anatomy to physiology or from description to mechanism means moving from cell type to cell function. This will require integrating transcriptional data with other cellular measurements. In this regard, progress has been made in obtaining transcriptomic and genomic information (Dey et al., 2015; Macaulay, 2015), transcriptomic and epigenomic information (Angermueller et al., 2016), or transcriptomic and proteomic information (Darmanis et al., 2016; Frei et al., 2016) from the same single cell.
Moving from cell type to cell function will also require understanding how single-cell profiles change in response to perturbations. It is important to examine these effects at the single-cell level because cell-to-cell heterogeneity has been observed in a diverse set of circumstances, such as the response of macrophages to bacterial invasion (Avraham et al., 2015), the response of hematopoietic cells to various drugs (Bendall et al., 2011), and drug resistance in adenocarcinoma cells (Kim et al., 2015). Progress in the long-term culture of circulating tumor cells (Gao et al., 2014; Yu et al., 2014; Cayrefourcq et al., 2015; Alix-Panabières et al., 2016) enables single-cell functional studies on this important class of cells, which should lead to improved cancer diagnosis and therapy. Performing perturbation experiments on single cells requires care in maintaining the appropriate microenvironment. Examining the effects of serum on mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), researchers (Guo et al., 2016) concluded that “a large proportion of intracellular network variability is due to the extracellular culture environment.” Microfluidic-based approaches are attractive for the precise control of the microenvironment because they enable structures at a size appropriate for single cells. Microfluidic systems for high-throughput preparation of sequencing libraries, though, have cell lysis as the initial step and thus are not suitable to maintain single cells for experimentation. What is required is a system specifically designed to capture, maintain, perturb, and observe single cells and then prepare these cells for high-dimensional analysis.
In this paper, we report development of an integrated fluidic circuit (IFC) that uses fluidic logic to actively select and sequester desired single cells based on particular biological markers of interest. This Polaris™ IFC can sequester up to 48 single cells. If required, the cells can be cultured in appropriate medium in order to control and manipulate the microenvironment around the sequestered cells. For adherent cells, appropriate extracellular matrix (ECM) can be coated inside the culture chambers. The single cells can be perturbed with a drug or other stimuli (i.e., mRNA, cytokines, bacteria, or viruses), with the response to perturbation monitored and measured by fluorescence imaging. Subsequently, the single cells are processed for cell lysis, reverse transcription (RT), and full-length transcriptome amplification using template-switching chemistry. Following harvest from the IFC, sequencing libraries are generated using a modified Nextera® protocol and sequenced on any Illumina® platform (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Typical workflow for single-cell functional studies. The input single-cell suspension can be obtained from blood, primary cells, or cell culture. In the case of rare cells or a subset of cell population, there is an option to enrich them prior to use with Polaris using either fluorescence-assisted cell sorting (FACS) or other methods. Subsequently, the cells are labeled with a universal fluorescent marker for tracking the cells on the Fluidigm® Polaris system. Most of the single-cell functional study steps are automated on the Polaris system. The Polaris system generates preamplified full-length cDNA, which can be further processed for library preparation and massive parallel sequencing for mRNA sequencing.
Materials and Methods
Design and Fabrication of Logic-Based Integrated Fluidic Circuit
The nanoscale IFC consists of a plastic carrier and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) core (Figure 2A) or fluidic circuit. The carrier contains reservoir wells for input and output of reagents and circuit control. It provides a platform to facilitate interfacing with the fluidic circuit. The fluidic circuit with the desired microfluidic control components was fabricated using multilayer soft lithography (MSL®) process (Unger et al., 2000). Fluidic circuit components include flow and control channels, valves, multiplexors, and logic devices [such as serial-to-parallel shift register (SR)]. Fabrication and operational details of the fluidic logic circuits and devices were reported earlier (Devaraju and Unger, 2012). The IFC is designed to have the capability to actively select single cells based on fluorescent markers, isolate them to a desired holding location (cell capture site), apply individual conditions (feed medium and dose reagents to cells), and finally study the functional response. Execution of all these complex functions in a routine fashion requires flexible, programmable operational control, which in turn requires many controls in a parallel manner. Traditionally, in microfluidics, a dedicated external control line is required to independently control a set of valves. This imposes a limitation on the number of practical on-chip control operations and poses a challenge for scalability by requiring more external hardware. On-chip control architecture capable of receiving and processing data by elementary computation and decision-making can integrate programmability of controls on-chip and allows an increase in the number of on-chip control lines for the same number of external chip connections (Figure 2B). We developed such a microfluidic fluidic logic and implemented it on our Polaris IFC.
Figure 2. (A) Polaris mRNA-seq dosing integrated fluidic circuit (IFC). The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer is attached to a plastic carrier. In order to image the cells with low-fluorescence background on the Polaris system, the PDMS is backed with a black material. This black backing is removed after cell perturbation and fluorescence response measurement. Removal of black backing enables high-resolution imaging of cells on a fluorescent microscope. The CAD drawing of the microfluidic components is shown on the right. The green channels are the control lines. (B) Polaris IFC uses fluidic processor to receive serial control inputs and converts them to parallel shift register elements. Traditional microfluidic control elements use one external control for every internal control.
The state-based microfluidic fluidic logic devices and circuits utilize static gain and normally closed valves (NCVs). NCVs are fabricated by filling specialized control channels with a flash curable prepolymer and curing while the valve is closed. The resulting closed valve exerts certain force against fluidic pressure to keep the valve closed. The valves are characterized by breakthrough pressure: the threshold pressure in the flow channel required to push open the valve and restore the continuity of the flow. Breakthrough pressure for an NCV can be tailored by controlling the pressure at which they are cured. Using these NCVs, we have developed static gain valves (SGV) that have the ability to control higher (or equal) fluidic pressure using a lower pressure. This type of valve is essential to create any logic/feedback structures (to account for signal strength losses), which can receive the output of the previous element/gate and use it as an input for decision making.
Utilizing the SGV, we next built an inverter (NOT gate), which was further used to build more complex circuits including bi-stable flip flops, clocked flip flops (latches), delay flip flops (D-FF, one bit of the SR), and complex microprocessors (SR). A SR that is capable of processing n + 1 bits of data is formed by combining n D flip flops (bits of SR). The SR presented here uses air as the medium and receives three active high-pressure inputs: source, clock, and data (Figure 3). The pneumatic output of the SR cannot be used to control the flow of liquids in microchannels directly, due to risk of introducing bubbles. In order to address this issue, the signal medium is converted from air to liquid using an inverter.
Figure 3. CAD drawing of microfluidic control components on Polaris mRNA-seq dosing IFC (A). The shift register (B) enables active selection of single cells. The dilute single-cell suspension is loaded into a serpentine partition channel (D). The cell suspension liquid flow is stopped, and the partition channel is imaged to identify single cells based on a particular set of fluorescence markers. The selected cells are then microfluidically moved downstream to a cell capture site (F) through a multiplexer (E). The IFC is capable of accepting 20 reagents (G) as input. The shift register uses inverter (C) and a set of source, clock, and data (H).
The Polaris IFC microprocessor receives 28 external signals serially and processes them into 28 parallel independent controls capable of controlling individual valves or a set of valves. Five dedicated high-pressure external active signals are required for a SR. The CAD drawing of the various microfluidic components on a Polaris IFC is shown in Figure 3. The IFC can accept up to 20 independent reagents. The fluorescently labeled cells are loaded in a serpentine partition channel. Based on a desired combination of up to three fluorescent markers (refer to Section “Polaris Instrument Design” for excitation and emission details), single cells are selected and sequentially isolated to the cell capture sites through a multiplexer. Up to 48 single cells can be sequestered on a single Polaris IFC. Subsequently, these 48 cells are processed through template-switching chemistry for full-length cDNA generation for mRNA-seq. In brief, the cells are lysed and reverse-transcribed, and full-length cDNA is preamplified by long and accurate PCR.
Polaris Instrument Design
The Fluidigm Polaris system (Figure 4A) consists of four major modules: (1) thermal control module; (2) imaging module; (3) pneumatic control module; and (4) environmental control (EC) module. The thermal module consists of a Peltier-based thermoelectric couple (TEC) device for heating/cooling. The TEC module can provide temperature in the range of 4–99°C. Vacuum grooves on the thermal module are designed to enable tight contact with the glass-based integrated heat spreader (IHS) on the Polaris IFC. This ensures thermal uniformity across the fluidic circuit. The imaging module contains a five-color LED light engine for excitation (Ex wavelengths: 438, 475, 530, 575, and 632 nm). The light source from the engine is collected and projected onto the fluidic circuit using fiber optics. The emitted signal from the fluidic circuit passes through an emission filter (five Em wavelengths: 488, 525, 570, 630, and 700 nm) and is collected by CCD camera with 6-μm pixel resolution through a custom-designed collimator lens.
Figure 4. (A) Components of Polaris instrument. The instrument consist of four major modules: (1) thermal module, enables preparative chemistry on sequestered single cells; (2) imaging module, consists of LED excitation and emission collection by a camera; (3) pneumatic module, controls the movement of reagents inside microfluidic channel by application of positive pressure on the IFC carrier; and (4) environmental control module, maintains the temperature, humidity, and blood gas flow rate for single-cell culture on-IFC. (B) Components of environmental control interface plate. The top of the interface plate contains glass coated with indium tin oxide. Internal heaters are used to maintain the temperature of the closed chamber between the interface plate and Polaris IFC. The temperature and relative humidity inside the closed chamber (after clamping with Polaris IFC) are measured by T/RH sensor. Blood or premixed gas required for cell culture is pumped through mixed gas inlet port on the interface plate. Polaris IFC is shown for reference.
The pneumatic control module generates and stores air with volume up to 1 L. The system can achieve a maximum pressure of 100 psi. The pneumatic controller generates a vacuum on the thermal chuck, clamps the Polaris IFC against the EC interface plate (IP) to enable a closed environment around the IFC, and loads reagents from the inlets on the IFC carrier to the microchannels and reagent chambers of the fluidic circuit. The system contains segregated zones to regulate four different pressures simultaneously. The EC module provides an environment suitable for cell culture using user-desired gas composition. Environmental parameters such as temperature, relative humidity (RH), and mix gas flow rate across the fluidic circuit are monitored and controlled. The gas inside the closed chamber is heated by two heater coils. The gas inlet on the EC IP is used to regulate the flow of gas across the fluidic circuit. The EC IP (Figure 4B) contains an indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass on the top to maintain thermal control in the EC while allowing imaging through the EC IP. During cell culture operation, the ITO glass is heated to prevent condensation. During cell culture, the environment around the fluidic circuit is maintained by blood gas (5% CO2, 5% oxygen, and 90% nitrogen) or premixed gas of choice (for example, 5% CO2, 20% oxygen, and 75% nitrogen). Before on-IFC cell culture, a rectangular sponge saturated with water is installed inside the closed chamber to provide the desired humidity through heating. The EC IP is equipped with two sensors (T/RH) to measure and maintain temperature at 37°C and RH at 90%.
K562 Cell Culture and CD59 Staining
K562 cells (ATCC® CCL-243) are cultured in T25 flasks in a volume ranging from 10 to 15 mL in an incubator (37°C, 5% CO2). The culture medium contains IMDM + GlutaMAX™-I + 25 mM HEPES + 3.024 g/L sodium bicarbonate (Gibco, 31980-030) and is supplemented with 10% FBS. The cells were fed every 2–3 days by dilution to 200,000 cells/mL. The K562 cells were stained with CellTracker™ Orange (CTO) CMRA Dye (Thermo Fisher Scientific, C34551) as universal marker and Alexa Fluor® 647 conjugated CD59 antibody. The recommended dyes and corresponding excitation and emission filters on the Polaris system are shown in Table 1. Immediately before use, the cell staining solution was prepared by adding 0.6 μL of 1 mM CTO to 2 mL of HBSS without calcium or magnesium (−/−) at a final concentration of 0.3 μM. The cell staining solution was protected from light until use within 30 min. A total of ~1.5 × 106 cells was aliquoted in a 15 mL non-pyrogenic conical tube. The cell suspension was centrifuged at 300 × g for 3 min. Following this, the medium was aspirated without disturbing the pellet, and 2 mL of cell staining solution was added to the pellet and gently suspended by pipetting up and down three times. The cells were then incubated in the dark at 37°C for 20 min with occasional inverting and flicking. Following this, the cells were washed by adding 12 mL of HBSS to the cells in the 2 mL of staining buffer and then centrifuged at 300 × g for 5 min. Supernatant was aspirated and discarded without disturbing the pellet. The pellet was then resuspended in 200 μL of HBSS. The CTO-stained K562 cells were split into two tubes of 100 μL each. One tube was used as negative surface-stained cell population, and the other tube was processed further to stain CD59 epitope. In order to stain the surface CD59 epitope, 10 μL of CD59 biotinylated antibody (BD Biosciences, 555762, 100 tests, 2.0 mL) was added to 100 μL of CTO-stained cells. For negative surface-stained cell control, 10 μL of HBSS was added. Both the tubes were incubated at room temperature for 20 min with occasional inverting and flicking. Subsequently, 13 mL of HBSS was added to each tube and centrifuged at 300 × g for 5 min. The pellet was resuspended in 100 μL of HBSS. To this, 0.5 μL of Streptavidin Alexa Fluor® 647 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, S32357, 2 mg/mL stock) was added to positive-stain tube with CD59 biotinylated antibody in 100-μL cell suspension. This solution was mixed gently by pipetting up and down five times. Following this, the stain solution was incubated at room temperature for 15 min with occasional flicking. Again, 13 mL of HBSS was added to each tube, mixed by gently pipetting up and down, and centrifuged at 300 × g for 5 min. The supernatant was removed, and the pellet was resuspended in ~100–150 μL culture medium with FBS, but without phenol red, to prevent high background fluorescence during cell selection on the Polaris system. The resuspension volume of culture medium accounts for cell losses during the staining procedure and was chosen to yield a cell concentration greater than the target concentration of 550 cells/μL. Typically, 10 μL of cell mix is loaded into a C-Chip™ Disposable Hemocytometer (INCYTO, DHC-N01) and imaged on the Polaris system to estimate the staining intensity and purity. In order to achieve optimal buoyancy, cells in the range of 333–550 cells/μL are mixed with suspension reagent (Fluidigm, 101-0434). Typically, the ratio of cells to cell suspension reagent is 3:2. However, this ratio might need optimization depending on the cell type.
The Polaris IFC is first primed to fill the control lines on the fluidic circuit, load cell capture beads, and the inside of PDMS channels is blocked to prevent non-specific absorption/adsorption of proteins. In order to capture and maintain the single cells in the sites, the capture sites (48 sites) are preloaded with beads that are linked on-IFC to fabricate a tightly packed bead column during the IFC prime step. In the case of adherent cells, ECM is coated inside the cell capture chambers during prime step. After completion of the prime step, the cell mix (cells with suspension reagent) is loaded on the Polaris IFC and single CTO+/CD59+ cells are selected to capture sites. We extensively tested the performance of the Polaris IFC and system at three different cell purities (3, 10, and 50%). The cell purity is defined as the ratio of CTO+/CD59+ cells to CTO+/CD59− cells. During the cell selection step, the suspended cells are loaded into the serpentine partition channel (Figure 3). Subsequently, the flow inside the partition channel is stopped (Figure 5A), and the cells are imaged in the partition channel for different fluorescent markers, as selected by the user. Based on automated image analyses by the system’s software, only single cells with the desired combination of fluorescent markers are selected and isolated to the cell capture site. Any doublets or single cells with undesired fluorescent combinations are not selected by the software for further experimentation (Figure 5B). The selected single cells are moved to capture sites through a multiplexer (Figure 5C). The system takes images of the capture sites to confirm the arrival of single cells from a particular position in the partition to a particular capture site number. Figure 5C shows a typical image from the Polaris system showing K562 single cells captured inside sites packed with a column of beads. The system will then select and isolate all available single cells from a partition fill as per desired fluorescent marker combination. Once it completes selection of candidate cells, the system refills the serpentine partition to look for more candidate single cells. The system repeats this process to select and isolate single cells until it fills all 48 capture sites.
Figure 5. (A) Cells in suspension are loaded into a serpentine partition channel (CAD design image). (B) Image analysis shows movement of fluorescent cells inside the serpentine channel during reagent flow. Once the reagent flow is stopped, single cells are separated from each other. The system software identifies single cells based on desired fluorescent markers. (C) After identification, single cells are isolated by moving them to the capture sites through a fluidic multiplexer. (D) Image of cultured BJ fibroblast cells. The Polaris IFC can be imaged on a microscope to obtain high-resolution micrographs.
If desired, the single cells can then be cultured in the capture sites. It is possible to culture either suspension (e.g., K562) or adherent (e.g., BJ fibroblast) cells. For adherent cells, extracellular matrix can be coated inside the capture site during the IFC priming step. Figure 5D shows a Polaris image of a cultured BJ fibroblast (adhered). Based on the experimental design, it is possible to dose these single cells and on-IFC-cultured single cells with drugs or other cell stimuli. Finally, the single cells are processed through template-switching mRNA-seq chemistry for full-length cDNA generation and preamplification on-IFC.
Full-Length cDNA Generation
Preamplified full-length cDNA of selected single cells are generated on-IFC, and the amplicons are harvested through 48 different outlets. We used the SMARTer Ultra® Low RNA Kit for Illumina Sequencing (Clontech®, 634936) to generate preamplified cDNA. The selected and sequestered single cells were lysed using Polaris cell lysis mixture. The 28-μL cell lysis mix consists of 8.0 μL of Polaris Lysis Reagent (Fluidigm, 101-1637), 9.6 μL of Polaris Lysis Plus Reagent (Fluidigm, 101-1635), 9.0 μL of 3′ SMART™ CDS Primer II A (12 μM, Clontech, 634936), and 1.4 μL of Loading Reagent (20X, Fluidigm, 101-1004). Synthetic RNA spikes can be optionally used with cell lysis mix. We typically use ArrayControl™ RNA spikes 1, 4, and 7 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, AM1780) to establish the functionality of RT and PCR on-IFC. We also use ERCC spikes at 1:50,000 dilution (final in lysis mix) for efficiency and quantification estimations. In order to implement synthetic RNA spikes, we thoroughly mix 96.5 μL of loading reagent with 2.5 μL of SMARTer Kit RNase Inhibitor (40 U/μL; Clontech, 634936) and subsequently add 1 μL of synthetic RNA spike to this spike mix. If RNA spike is used, then 1.4 μL of the loading reagent is replaced with the spike mix. The thermal profile for single-cell lysis is 37°C for 5 min, 72°C for 3 min, 25°C for 1 min, and hold at 4°C.
The 48-μL preparation volume for RT contains 1X SMARTer Kit 5X First-Strand Buffer (5X; Clontech, 634936), 2.5-mM SMARTer Kit Dithiothreitol (100 mM; Clontech, 634936), 1-mM SMARTer Kit dNTP Mix (10 mM each; Clontech, 634936), 1.2-μM SMARTer Kit SMARTer II A Oligonucleotide (12 μM; Clontech, 634936), 1-U/μL SMARTer Kit RNase Inhibitor (40 U/μL; Clontech, 634936), 10-U/μL SMARTScribe™ Reverse Transcriptase (100 U/μL; Clontech, 634936), and 3.2 μL of Polaris RT Plus Reagent (Fluidigm, 101-1366). All the concentrations correspond to those found in the RT chambers inside the Polaris IFC. The thermal protocol for RT is 42°C for 90 min (RT), 70°C for 10 min (enzyme inactivation), and a final hold at 4°C.
The 90-μL preparation volume for PCR contains 1X Advantage 2 PCR Buffer [not short amplicon (SA)] (10X, Clontech, 639206, Advantage® 2 PCR Kit), 0.4-mM dNTP Mix (50X/10 mM, Clontech, 639206), 0.48-μM IS PCR Primer (12 μM, Clontech, 639206), 2X Advantage 2 Polymerase Mix (50X, Clontech, 639206), and 1X Loading Reagent (20X, Fluidigm, 101-1004). All the concentrations correspond to those found in the PCR chambers inside the Polaris IFC. The thermal protocol for preamplification consists of 95°C for 1 min (enzyme activation), five cycles (95°C for 20 s, 58°C for 4 min, and 68°C for 6 min), nine cycles (95°C for 20 s, 64°C for 30 s, and 68°C for 6 min), seven cycles (95°C for 30 s, 64°C for 30 s, and 68°C for 7 min), and final extension at 72°C for 10 min. The preamplified cDNAs are harvested into 48 separate outlets on the Polaris IFC carrier.
qPCR Analysis on Biomark™
Harvested samples from Polaris IFCs were analyzed by qPCR using 96.96 Dynamic Array™ IFCs and the Biomark™ HD system from Fluidigm. Processing of the IFCs and operation of the instruments were performed according to the manufacturer’s procedures. For detection using the RNA expression and splice variant assays, a Master Mix was prepared consisting of 360-μL SsoFast™ EvaGreen® Supermix with Low ROX (BioRad 172-5211) and 36-μL 20 × DNA Binding Dye Sample Loading Reagent (Fluidigm 100-5360), and 3.3 μL of this mix was dispensed to each well of a 96-well assay plate. Diluted harvest product (2.7 μL) was added to each well, and the plate was briefly vortexed and centrifuged. Following priming of the IFC in the IFC Controller HX, 5 μL of the sample + Master Mix were dispensed to each sample inlet of the 96.96 IFC. Five microliters of each 10 × assay [5 μM each primer, 1 × assay Loading Reagent (Fluidigm 100-5359)] were dispensed to each Detector Inlet of the 96.96 IFC. After loading the assays and samples into the IFC in the IFC Controller HX, the IFC was transferred to the Biomark HD, and PCR was performed using the thermal protocol GE Fast 96 × 96 PCR + Melt v2.pcl. This protocol consists of a thermal mix of 70°C, 40 min; 60°C, 30 s, hot start at 95°C, 1 min, PCR cycle of 30 cycles of 96°C, 5 s; 60°C, 20 s, and melting using a ramp from 60 to 95°C at 1°C/3 s. Data were analyzed using Fluidigm Real-Time PCR Analysis software using the Linear (Derivative) Baseline Correction Method and the Auto (Global) Ct Threshold Method. The data are exported as a.csv file into an Excel® macro to compile and compare the data against in-house specifications.
Performance Evaluation of Polaris IFC
In order to statistically evaluate the performance of the Polaris IFC, we designed and developed two performance tests: (1) total-RNA-based performance test (RNA PT) and (2) single-cell-based key performance test (KPT). Since single cells are heterogeneous, it would be difficult to evaluate the performance uniformity across 48 capture sites using a cell-based test method. Hence, we developed a 20-cell-equivalent total-RNA PT to evaluate and improve the performance of the Polaris IFC during the initial phase of the IFC development process.
Total RNA-Based Performance Test
The primary objective of this test is to statistically validate a workflow that is very close to the cell-based experiments on the Polaris system and yet collects critical information about uniformity of cDNA synthesis across IFC, reaction line cross-talk (on-IFC), and IFC-to-IFC correlation. To achieve this objective, we simulated steps such as loading of cell capture beads and the thermal step for cell lysis in the total-RNA PT. The workflow of the total-RNA PT is shown in Figure 6A. Briefly, the RNA-PT is a two-step procedure. In the first step, the control lines on the Polaris IFC are primed, channels are blocked, and cell capture beads are back-loaded with ArrayControl RNA SPIKES (1, 4, and 7 only, Thermo Fisher Scientific, AM1780; henceforth referred to as RNAspikes 147) in eight specific capture sites (Figure 6B).
Figure 6. Total-RNA-based performance test (two-step) workflow and pipetting map. (A) Workflow to prime Polaris IFC with beads, back-load them with RNAspikes 147, simulate front dosing with diluted ERCC spikes, and generate cDNA using mRNA-seq chemistry. The cDNA amplicons from Polaris IFC were analyzed on the Fluidigm M96.96 IFC using 85 qPCR assays for specific genes, 8 assays for ERCC RNA spikes, and 3 assays for RNAspikes 147. (B) Pipetting map for IFC prime step. During prime step, RNAspikes 147 are back-loaded to 8 specific inlets with cell capture beads. (C) Pipetting map for front-dosing simulation with ERCC RNA spikes, followed by mRNA-seq chemistry.
The ArrayControl RNA Spikes are used to evaluate the back-dosing cross-talk using highly sensitive qPCR assay designed to detect RNA spikes 1, 4, and 7 (three total ArrayControl RNA Spikes). After the priming step, six specific capture sites are loaded with ERCC RNA Spike-In Mix (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 4456740) to estimate the cross-talk for front-loaded reagents and dosing agents. Although the ERCC RNA mix contains 92 spike-ins, only 8 ERCC spike-ins were probed using qPCR assays. The front-dosing strategy is illustrated in Figure 7A and the pipetting map is shown in Figure 6C.
Figure 7. (A) Front-dosing strategy. The capture sites on Polaris IFC are segregated as six groups of eight sites. ERCC spike-in mix is loaded into the second capture site of every group (Group alt 2). For negative control, 1X Preloading Reagent was loaded into Group alt 4, 6, and 8. (B) Sequential chambers for multistep chemistry. The capture site with beads holds 2 nL of liquid. The lysis mix is loaded into chamber 1 (9 nL), then reverse transcription mix is loaded into chambers 2 and 3 (9 nL each), and PCR mix is loaded into chambers 4 and 5 (135 nL each). (C) Chemistry loading sequence and its function.
For negative control, 1X Preloading Reagent (Fluidigm, 100-9942) was loaded into specific inlets and capture sites (Figure 7C). After completion of front dosing, the mRNA-seq chemistry prep is integrated with the dosing step. The lysis mixture for the RNA-PT contains Leukemia (K562) Total RNA (Thermo Fisher Scientific, AM7832) at a concentration equivalent to 20 cells of total RNA in every cell capture site (48 sites). The cell capture site is serially connected to five chambers to enable multistep reaction chemistry (Figure 7B). Cell lysis mixture is loaded into the first 9-nL chamber. Then, RT mixture is loaded in 18-nL volume (two 9-nL chambers). Finally, PCR mixture for preamplification of full-length cDNA is loaded in 270-nL volume (two 135-nL chambers).
The preamplified cDNA is harvested in ~7 μL volume. The harvest is further diluted by addition of 10 μL of DNA Dilution RGT (Fluidigm, 100-9167). In order to evaluate IFC uniformity and other performance metrics, we designed 88 Delta Gene™ assays (Fluidigm) for K562 (85 genes covering high and low expressors) and RNAspikes 147. In addition to these 88 assays, we used 8 ERCC qPCR assays from a published work (Devonshire et al., 2011). In total, we used 96 intercalating dye-based qPCR assays for read-out of RNA PT on an M96.96 Dynamic Array™ IFC (Fluidigm). We routinely test positive and negative tube controls for every chemistry preparation by qPCR assays on the M96.96. In order to do this, 2 out of the 48 samples from a Polaris IFC are replaced by positive and negative tube controls on M96.96. The positive tube control contains total RNA from K562, RNAspikes 147, and ERCC. The tube controls are used to validate the functionality of chemistry preparation on a particular day. Harvest products from two Polaris IFC are tested on a single M96.96 Dynamic Array IFC run. A typical qPCR Ct heat map and associated Excel macro for two Polaris RNA PTs are shown in Figures 8A,B. In order to statistically validate the performance, we tested 44 Polaris IFCs with RNA PTs. IFC and reagents from minimum of three manufacturing lots were used. Tolerance limit or interval analyses were performed on more than 40 Polaris IFC runs. The distribution of data and tolerance limit analyses for different metrics for the RNA PTs are shown in Figure 9.
Figure 8. (A) Typical heat map of high-throughput qPCR assay for RNA-based performance test. The M96.96 IFC (96 samples) can accept amplicons from two Polaris IFCs (48 samples each). For every Polaris IFC, we replace two samples with positive and negative control samples. The columns are assays (85 high- and low-expressing assays; 8 ERCC spike assays; and 3 RNAspike 147 assays). The rows are diluted amplicons from Polaris IFCs. (B) Excel macro for the RNA-based performance test.
Figure 9. Tolerance limit analyses from 44 Polaris IFC runs using RNA-based performance test. n is the sample number after removal of outliers. Outliers are estimated by Tukey’s box plot. The percentage of outliers removed ranged from 0 to 5%. (A) Average assay SD. The data fit a normal distribution with goodness of fit P-value of 0.2813. The upper tolerance interval for this metric is 0.395. (B) Distribution of drop outs for high-expressing assays only. (C) Distribution of drop outs for both high and low expressors. (D) Back-loaded dosing cross-talk. (E) Distribution of slope for IFC-to-IFC correlation. The data fit a normal distribution with tolerance interval of 1–1.08. (F) Distribution of R2 for IFC-to-IFC correlation. The data fit a normal distribution with lower tolerance limit of 0.959.
Single-Cell-Based Key Performance Test
Key performance test was developed and validated using one cell type each for suspension (K562) and adherent (BJ fibroblast) cells. As described in Section “Materials and Methods,” cells are stained with the universal fluorescent marker, CTO. A subset of these cells were stained for surface marker using antibody conjugated with Alexa 647. In the case of K562, we used Anti-Human CD59-Biotin (BD Biosciences, 555762) with Streptavidin Alexa 647, and for BJ fibroblast, we used Anti-Mouse/Human CD44-Alexa 647 (BioLegend 103018). The double-stained cells (universal CTO and surface marker Alexa 647) were mixed with cells stained with CTO only to achieve three different purity percentages (3, 10, and 50%). The cells were selected for universal CTO and surface marker. For BJ fibroblasts, we tested two different workflows, one with cell selection followed by chemistry (immediate) and another to dose the BJ fibroblasts with medium every 4 h for 24-h adherent culture, followed by chemistry (BJ dosing). In order to evaluate the cell viability prior to the cell lysis step, we used Zombie Yellow™ cell viability stain (BioLegend, 423103; λex = 396 nm and λem = 572 nm), which stains dead cells. Performance metrics, such as number of sites occupied with single cells out of the total 48 sites (cell selection), number of cells retained after dosing and prior to cell lysis (cell retention), and number of viable cells prior to lysis, were evaluated. On average from 20 Polaris IFC runs, our cell selection was ~95% for K562 and BJ fibroblast with different purity percentages (Figure 10A). For cell retention, >47/48 sites showed presence of single cells as enumerated after the cell selection step and prior to cell lysis step (Figure 10B). The average cell viability was ~90% as estimated from 20 Polaris IFC runs (Figure 10C).
Figure 10. Single-cell selection, retention, and viability performance using single-cell key performance test. (A) Percentage of single cells selected (out of 48 total capture sites) for K562 (suspension) and BJ fibroblast (adherent) at different cell purity concentrations (3, 10, and 50%). n is number of Polaris IFCs tested. (B) Single cells retained after dosing and culture. Cells are imaged and counted before the cell lysis step. K562 and BJ fibroblasts were selected and immediately processed for mRNA-seq chemistry preparation. BJ fibroblasts were also selected, cultured, and dosed with cell culture medium for 24 h (BJ dosing). Data from three IFCs are presented here. (C) Single-cell viability as assessed by Zombie stain on-IFC.
The Polaris system generates very high quality (size distribution) and quantity (yield) of preamplified cDNA from single cells. The size distribution of preamplified cDNA from single cells, as evaluated using Bioanalyzer 2100 and the DNA high-sensitivity chip (Agilent), is typically in the size range of 0.3–7 kb (Figure 11A). For yield, preamplified cDNA from single cells was quantified using PicoGreen-based dsDNA quantification assay (Quant-iT™ PicoGreen® dsDNA Assay Kit, Thermo Fisher Scientific, P7589). The average total cDNA yield per single K562 cell is 38.42 ± 8.08 ng (Figure 11B). We randomly selected ~14 single cells from three Polaris IFC runs, barcoded them using modified Nextera library prep, and pooled them to generate a single sequencing library. A representative library profile from 42 single cells is shown in Figure 11C. The majority of the single-cell library falls in the range of 200–2,000 bp. For three sequencing libraries from nine Polaris IFCs tested with K562 immediate chemistry, sequencing data from three MiSeq™ runs using v2 150 bp PE kit were compiled, and tolerance limits (90% confidence with 95% population coverage) were estimated for two key sequencing metrics (Figure 12). The average percentage of reads mapping to rRNA/total reads is 0.122%. The Box–Cox transformed data fit a normal distribution with a Shapiro–Wilk P-value of 0.0983. Based on the normal distribution, the upper tolerance limit for percentage of reads mapping to rRNA is 0.3% (Figure 12A). The mean number of genes detected is 6,967 ± 115. The data fit a normal distribution with a lower tolerance limit of 5,919 genes as estimated from 115 single-cell datapoints (Figure 12B).
Figure 11. (A) Typical cDNA distribution from single cells from three different Polaris IFC runs (A1–A3). The peak for RNAspikes 147 is around 1,000 bp. (B) Distribution of cDNA yield from 358 single K562 cells from multiple Polaris IFC runs. The average cDNA yield per cell is 38.42 ng with a SD of 8.08 ng. (C) Library profile of 42 single cells.
Figure 12. Distribution of sequencing metrics for single cells. (A) Percentage of reads mapped to rRNA/total reads. The average mapping to rRNA is 0.122% from 116 single-cell sequence datapoints. The upper tolerance limit for percentage rRNA mapping is 0.3%. (B) Number of genes detected (TPM > 1). Distribution of genes detected from 115 single-cell sequence data. The average genes detected is 6,967, with a SD of 115. The data fit a normal distribution, with a lower tolerance limit of 5,919.
We extensively analyzed our single-cell sequencing data for transcript coverage bias and possible positional bias of single cells selected across 48 capture sites on the Polaris IFC (Figure 13). We noted uniform coverage along the transcript length (Figure 13B) without any positional bias on the Polaris IFC. The plot of normalized coverage vs. normalized distance along the transcript with respect to capture sites (2, 3, 4 and 40, 41, 42) from a Polaris IFC is shown in Figure 13B. A plot of median 3′ end bias of transcript coverage with respect to capture site number indicates no positional bias across three Polaris IFC runs (Figure 13A). In order to understand if there is any possible effect of hypoxia on single cells due to spatial location of capture sites on the Polaris IFC, we analyzed the expression value of HIF1A gene across different capture sites. Up-regulation of hypoxia-induced factor 1 gene (HIF1A) is a known consequence of hypoxia (Choudhry and Mole, 2015). Expression analyses of HIF1A did not show any positional bias with respect to the capture sites (Figure 13C). It should be noted that we recommend strictly following the Polaris workflow as described in the Polaris protocol document (Fluidigm, 101-0082). Any deviation from the validated workflow might lead to introduction of possible bias at multiple levels.
Figure 13. Bias vs. capture site number. (A) Median 3′ end bias was analyzed for random single cells picked for sequencing. No 3′ bias was noted for cells from three Polaris IFC runs (B) HIF1A gene expression of cells across different capture sites. (C) Sequencing coverage as estimated by Picard for single cells. Uniform coverage noted across different capture sites from a Polaris IFC.
Sensitivity Studies Using ERCC Spike-Ins
An alternative way to evaluate performance of single-cell mRNA-seq on the Polaris system is to implement use of the ERCC RNA Spike-In Mix 1 in the lysis mix. The ERCC control mix consists of 92 polyadenylated transcripts with a size range of 273–2,022 bases and six orders of magnitude range in concentration. We tested both qPCR- and sequencing-based methods for detection of ERCC spikes. Ninety-two primer pairs were designed to target the corresponding transcripts for qPCR testing. qPCR was performed on a Fluidigm 96.96 Dynamic Array IFC. Stochastic distribution of transcripts was observed when the input concentration was 25 copies per reaction or less on the Polaris IFC followed by qPCR detection on the 96.96 Dynamic Array (Figure 14A). Single-copy RNA detection is demonstrated, although intermittently, likely due to sampling at the reaction site. Transcripts at 1.6 copies per reaction were intermittently detected by qPCR on the 96.96 Dynamic Array IFC. We also evaluated the detection rate of ERCC spikes (>1.6 copies/reaction) using an approach based on massive parallel sequencing. There were 7 ERCC spikes (ERCC-00170; ERCC-00148; ERCC-00126; ERCC-00099; ERCC-00054; ERCC-00163; ERCC-00059), which were at a concentration of 1.6 copies per Polaris reaction chamber. One of the 7 ERCC spikes (ERCC-00054) was not detected in any of the 19 single-cell samples. If we remove this datapoint as an outlier, the average detection rate of ~1.6 copies is 28%. Based on Poisson estimates, single-copy detection rate should be ~33% (67% should be a failure event). The single-copy detection rate (28%) from the Polaris system is very close to expected theoretical estimates based on Poisson statistics (Figure 14B).
Figure 14. (A) Heat map (qPCR assay) for ERCC spike-in with single SKBR3 cells. The columns are 92 qPCR assays designed and developed for ERCC spike-in. The rows are amplicons from single SKBR3 cells with ERCC spike-in. The ERCC assays on the columns are sorted by concentrations. (B) Detection rate of ERCC spikes with >1.58 copies per Polaris IFC chambers.
Single-Cell Transfection of nGFP mRNA and GFP Expression Analyses
In order to demonstrate dosing and functional response analyses, we transfected single K562 cells with nuclear green fluorescent protein (nGFP) mRNA and cultured the transfected single K562 for 16 h. During this culture duration, the cells translated the nGFP mRNA and expressed the GFP inside the cell. The imaging capability of Polaris enables monitoring of GFP expression. Subsequently, the cells were processed for mRNA-seq chemistry on-IFC and sequenced on MiSeq to quantify the reads mapped to GFP. K562 cells stained with CTO were selected on Polaris IFC. To carry out the single-cell transfection, 10 μL of Stemfect RNA transfection reagent was mixed with 240-μL Stemfect transfection buffer (Stemgent® Stemfect™ RNA Transfection Kit, 00-0069) (Mix A). The stock nGFP mRNA (Stemgent, 05-0019) at 100 ng/μL was diluted with Stemfect transfection buffer first and then further diluted with Mix A to make mRNA transfection complex. This complex was incubated at room temperature for 15 min and further diluted with K562 cell culture medium (refer to Section “K562 Cell Culture and CD59 Staining”) to achieve different final concentrations (0.5 and 1 ng/μL) of nGFP mRNA. Selected single K562 cells were cultured with the nGFP mRNA transfection complex with culture medium at 37°C with 5% CO2 on the Polaris IFC. During this cell culture incubation time, images were taken every hour to monitor the onset of GFP expression. Image analyses (Figure 15) showed that single cells picked up nGFP mRNA at 0.5 and 1 ng/μL concentrations and expressed the green fluorescent proteins, thereby reinforcing the fact that single cells on Polaris IFC are healthy and are able to uptake naked mRNA and translate it to protein capable of being transfected. Figure 15A shows typical time-series images, which can be obtained from the Polaris system. It should be noted that for this particular experiment, the imaging interval was set to 1 h, but the Polaris system is capable of taking successive images in a rapid mode. We noted onset of GFP gene expression around the 3-h time frame at single-cell resolution. The cDNA pool showed a length range from 0.3 to 9.2 kb, with an average length ~2 kb. It is also noted that >85% of the total cDNA pool lies between 0.5 and 9.2 kb (Figure 15B). Sequencing data show that the cells transfected with nGFP mRNA harbored the extracellular mRNA even after 16 h of culture. As expected, the control cells without nGFP transfection did not show any mapping to GFP sequence. The transfection of nGFP did not alter the mapping to genome and transcriptome when compared to the control cells (Figure 15C). The nGFP-transfected cells showed percentage average reads mapping of 0.57, 87.99, and 47.82% to GFP, genome, and transcriptome, respectively (n = 7), while the control K562 showed percentage average mapping of 0, 88.03, and 49.22 (n = 7).
Figure 15. (A) Time-series images from the Polaris system taken every hour to monitor onset of GFP expression. For visual clarity, only two cell capture sites are shown. The onset GFP expression is noted around 3 h from the time of transfection. (B) cDNA yield and distribution from single K562 processed through mRNA-seq chemistry. (C) Mapping metrics of GFP-transfected single K562 cells to genome, transcriptome, and GFP sequence.
In this work, we report design and development of an integrated system to perform functional studies on single cells. We developed a nanoscale IFC, which employs fluidic logic to actively select single cells, and a system capable of performing multiple functionalities. The performance of the developed IFC and system was extensively tested using RNA-based and single-cell-based performance tests. These tests were specifically designed to evaluate different functionalities of the IFC and system. The functional capability of the Polaris IFC and system has been successfully demonstrated using transfection of naked nGFP mRNA, followed by monitoring of nGFP expression and finally analysis of the whole set of mRNA transcripts by massive parallel sequencing. It is noted that it is not currently possible to perform studies reported in this work on any other single-cell platforms. The limitation of the current system includes limited number of cells for functional studies (up to 48 cells). However, the requirement on the number of cells depends on the biological question, and it is possible to expand the capability of the IFC consumable to process more cells in the future.
NR, BF, JS, and JAAW conceived and designed the RNA-based performance test; BF, LS, AAL, JS, and JAAW conceived and designed the single-cell-based performance test; NR, LS, AAL, JS, MLG, CDS, NDA, CG, CTL, IH, AO, CS, and JAAW performed experiments; BF, NSGKD, MZ, EO, and CP were involved in Polaris IFC development; KH, MTM, WY, MN, CC, ML, HC, ZH, LL, CC, and ZS were involved in Polaris system development; RY, WH, JA, and ZH were involved in Polaris software development; NR, LS, JS, CDS, XW, and JAAW analyzed the data; TS edited the manuscript; CL drafted the Polaris user guide; MU and JAAW supervised the project, helped with design and interpretation, and provided laboratory space and financial support; and NR, LS, KJL, and JAAW wrote the manuscript with input from all authors. All authors listed, have made substantial, direct and intellectual contribution to the work, and approved it for publication.
Conflict of Interest Statement
All authors are employees of Fluidigm Corporation.
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Keywords: single-cell, mRNA-seq, functional studies, Fluidigm, Polaris
Citation: Ramalingam N, Fowler B, Szpankowski L, Leyrat AA, Hukari K, Maung MT, Yorza W, Norris M, Cesar C, Shuga J, Gonzales ML, Sanada CD, Wang X, Yeung R, Hwang W, Axsom J, Devaraju NSGK, Angeles ND, Greene C, Zhou M-F, Ong E-S, Poh C-C, Lam M, Choi H, Htoo Z, Lee L, Chin C-S, Shen Z-W, Lu CT, Holcomb I, Ooi A, Stolarczyk C, Shuga T, Livak KJ, Larsen C, Unger M and West JAA (2016) Fluidic Logic Used in a Systems Approach to Enable Integrated Single-Cell Functional Analysis. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 4:70. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00070
Received: 31 May 2016; Accepted: 23 August 2016;
Published: 21 September 2016
Edited by:Xinghua Pan, Yale University, USA
Reviewed by:Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez, University of Minho, Portugal
Lin Han, Shandong University, China
Copyright: © 2016 Ramalingam, Fowler, Szpankowski, Leyrat, Hukari, Maung, Yorza, Norris, Cesar, Shuga, Gonzales, Sanada, Wang, Yeung, Hwang, Axsom, Devaraju, Angeles, Greene, Zhou, Ong, Poh, Lam, Choi, Htoo, Lee, Chin, Shen, Lu, Holcomb, Ooi, Stolarczyk, Shuga, Livak, Larsen, Unger and West. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Jay A. A. West, email@example.com
†These authors have contributed equally to this work. | <urn:uuid:782aebb7-1816-4f13-9162-a28586691448> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2016.00070/full | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.881014 | 13,947 | 1.875 | 2 |
Legendary film composer Ennio Morricone sadly passed away in Rome today, aged 91.
The Oscar-winning musician’s spaghetti western soundtracks for films like ‘The Good, the Bad and the Ugly’ helped to define the genre.
Throughout his career he scored over 500 movies, producing scores for Quentin Tarantino, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Terrence Malick, and Brian De Palma, among others.
Metallica, El-P and Goldfrapp are among the many artists leading tributes to the iconic musician today – read a selection below.
thank you Ennio Morricone ❤️
— el-p (@therealelp) July 6, 2020
Sad to hear about the passing of Ennio Morricone today. He was a huge inspiration for Goldfrapp too, in particular Felt Mountain. X 🖤 Here’s a playlist we’ve made for you of some our favourite Morricone tracks: https://t.co/2kfOceqJLJ pic.twitter.com/eIitK3lkp9
— Goldfrapp (@goldfrapp) July 6, 2020
— Robin Rimbaud – Scanner (@robinrimbaud) July 6, 2020
View this post on Instagram
It’s a sad day indeed when a cultural titan like Ennio Morricone bids us farewell. It seems crass to say that he wrote around 520 soundtracks in his time, as though that is any metric by which to gauge success. This is both reductive and only one part of the picture. The real proof is in how his music engaged the listener/ viewer in an emotional way. The world mourns today because of this connection. A Hollywood studio once offered to buy a house in California for him, most probably in the interests of keeping him close to hand. An attempt at access and expediency. Morricone refused, preferring the stately elegance of Rome’s amphitheatres, aqueducts and archways. This speaks volumes about the man’s priorities. He knew exactly what he wanted. I particularly loved that he collaborated with The Pet Shop Boys on “It Couldn’t Happen Here” — combining his soaring string arrangements with Neil Tennant’s usual arch observational lyrics to form a fascinating, heartbreaking song about the impact of AIDS upon a generation. Any mention of Ennio immediately reminds of my close friend Bonar @pbrstreetgang knowing as I do, how much Bonar adores Morricone’s work. A lifetime of intense devotion to his craft, yielding countless moments of alchemy between form and function. A beautiful legacy. Rest In Peace, Ennio Morricone
R.I.P. Ennio Morricone
Your career was legendary, your compositions were timeless. Thank you for setting the mood for so many of our shows since 1983. pic.twitter.com/ac1QZ9QLPs
— Metallica (@Metallica) July 6, 2020 | <urn:uuid:0693c0d2-8452-4bfb-8db0-44c2442b5658> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dummymag.com/news/tributes-pour-in-for-ennio-morricone/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.941176 | 650 | 1.507813 | 2 |
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