text stringlengths 160 608k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 2 values | url stringlengths 13 2.97k | file_path stringlengths 125 140 | language stringclasses 1 value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 48 145k | score float64 1.5 5 | int_score int64 2 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Almost one in four Australians believe they are definitely or mostly ‘living the dream’, according to recent research from the Financial Planning Association. Here are six traits that have helped them to achieve their dreams.
Australians living the dream are family oriented, spending more quality time with their family during the week than the average Australian. And they’re five times more likely to meditate or engage in spiritual activity.
Australians living their dream life dream more about the future than others. Four in five (82%) often, or always, dream about their future, compared to just 61% of those who say they are not living the dream.
These people are planners. They’re almost five times more likely than the average Australian to plan and stick to the plans they’ve made (23% compared to 5%). They are more likely to act quickly on their plans (71% compared to 41%), turning their vision for the future into reality.
High self-belief correlates strongly with those who are living the dream. Almost all Australians (96%) who are living the dream believe in their ability to create the life they want, compared to just 54% of those not living the dream.
They make their financial decisions in consultation with others and are nearly three times more likely to seek advice from a financial adviser when making financial decisions (24% compared to 9% of those not living the dream). Nearly half (45%) are currently receiving or have received advice from a financial adviser, compared to just 22% of those not living the dream.
They are less likely to have regrets in life than those who are not living their dream life. A quarter (26%) say they have no regrets at all. Those who do have regrets mostly regret not saving enough (24%) or making poor decisions (19%).
Australians who are living the dream have the lowest levels of financial stress. More than one in three (34%) are not at all stressed about their finances (compared to 11% of those not living the dream).
Australians believe living the dream means having the lifestyle of their choice.
Most of the measures we attribute to ‘living the dream’ are linked to success in the area of personal finance.
Australians in 2017 define the ‘Great Australian Dream’ as the ability to have the lifestyle of their choice and move forward each day towards greater financial independence. They place strong emphasis on their ability to create safety and security for their family, own a home, pursue hobbies, and free up time with those they love – all without fear of regret.
Start a conversation with us today about your idea of living the dream and how we can help you achieve personal finance success.
You need to consider with your financial planner (or adviser), your objectives, financial situation and your particular needs prior to making an investment decision. Futuro Financial Services Pty Ltd and its authorised representatives (or credit representatives) do not accept liability for any errors or omissions of information supplied on this website
Steve May, Luke Styles and May Wealth Pty Ltd T/A Steve May Financial Services are Authorised Representatives / Corporate Authorised Representative of Futuro Financial Services Pty Ltd ABN 30 085 870 015, Australian Financial Services Licensee, Licence number 238478. Please refer to our website at www.stevemayfs.com.au to reference our Financial Services Guide and business/adviser profiles.
May Wealth Pty Ltd ABN 71 612 234 518 trading as Steve May Financial Services is a Corporate Authorised representative of Futuro Financial Services Pty Ltd ABN 30 085 870 015, Australian Financial Services Licensee, Licence number 238478.
Steve May and Luke Styles are Authorised Representative’s of Futuro Financial Services Pty Ltd ABN 30 085 870 015, Australian Financial Services Licensee, Licence number 238478 | <urn:uuid:1ae33a7a-01d9-4d2e-8942-7fe20b0086ea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.stevemayfinancialservices.com.au/six-traits-australians-living-dream/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.949304 | 800 | 2.203125 | 2 |
As promised, my senior thesis as I graduate myself from my self-created culinary school. Here you have my nominations for the Top 25 Raw Vegan Super Foods:
Apples – Help women lose weight, and lower the risk of death from heart disease, lung cancer, and type-2 diabetes.
Apple Cider Vinegar – In its raw, organic, unfiltered form, ACV helps manage diabetes by lowering blood glucose levels. Studies show it may also lower cholesterol and blood pressure, kill or slow the growth of cancer cells, and decrease the appetite.
Asian Pears – Extremely high fiber content, which lowers bad LDL cholesterol levels, aids colon health, and promotes weight loss. Also a good source of vitamin C, which prevents macular degeneration and the growth of cataracts.
Avocados – Lower risk of heart disease and macular degeneration. Great source of soluble fiber, vitamin E, folate, and potassium.
Beans, Sprouted – Packed with fiber, protein, calcium, potassium, and magnesium. Reduce heart disease, type-2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and breast and colon cancers.
Blueberries – Lower risk of heart disease and cancer, anti-inflammatory, and prevent memory loss, urinary tract infections, and eyestrain.
Broccoli – Fights cancer, heart disease. Also acts as a hypoallergenic, which means that it lowers the impact of allergy-related substances on the body.
Cinnamon – Found to stabilize blood sugar and relieve indigestion. Cinnamon is a potent antiviral, and helps prevent colorectal and skin cancer, as well as the development of Alzheimer's.
Dark Raw Chocolate/Cacao – Very high in antioxidants, mood-elevating nutrients like tryptophan (which improves sleep), and chemicals that mimic the brain's chemistry when in love. It can also lower blood pressure. (By the way, “cocoa” and “cacao” differ only in English. Cacao is commonly used to describe raw cocoa; cocoa describes the ground bean after it has been roasted. Carobis a different bean altogether, though it shares some properties.)
Dark Greens – Best source for an array of vitamins and minerals. Rich in antioxidants that protect cells from free radical damage. The beta carotene and lutein in dark greens can improve eyesight. High fiber helps with weight management. Lipoic acid regenerates the body’s vitamin C and E stores, defends against free radicals, and regulates blood sugar.
Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Cold-Pressed –Monounsaturated fats lower "bad" LDL cholesterol and raise "good" HDL cholesterol. Heart healthy and full of antioxidants that help reduce the risk of cancer and other chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer’s.
Figs – A primary source of potassium, which lowers blood pressure and prevents muscle spasms. Also a major source of calcium, vitamins A and C, and laxative substances.
Flaxseed – High in dietary fiber as well as lignans (an antioxidant), micronutrients, and healthy omega-3 fatty acids. Flax helps prevent cardiovascular disease, decreases insulin resistance, and decreases waist circumference.
Garlic – Boosts the immune system, lowers blood pressure, prevents heart disease. People who eat a lot of garlic have low rates of ovarian, colorectal, and other cancers. Its allicin fights infection and bacteria. Let crushed garlic stand for 30 minutes before heating or adding acids (such as lemon juice), to activate and preserve enzymes that protect the heart.
Guavas – Five times the vitamin C of an orange, and more heart-disease-preventing lycopene than tomatoes. Full of dietary fiber, vitamin A, folic acid, and potassium, copper and manganese. Microbiologists say they can protect against certain foodborne pathogens (Listeria and staph).
Lychees – More heart-healthy polyphenols than grapes. These polyphenols fight the flu, and help prevent degenerative diseases such as cancer. Low calories and high fiber are an aid to weight loss. Rich in potassium, copper, B-complex vitamins and vitamin C. And they’re my kids’ favorite fruit.
Miso – A living food. Contains lecithin (a kind of phospholipid caused by fermentation), which is effective in preventing high blood pressure. A top food source of probiotics, high in protein and rich in vitamins and minerals. Find it in paste form in the refrigerated section of Asian and well-stocked Western markets.
Nuts – The most popular vegan protein source, but also a good place to get your calcium, iron, manganese, magnesium, potassium, selenium, zinc, vitamin-E, and B-complex vitamins. The monounsaturated fatty acids in nuts help lower "bad" cholesterol and increase "good" cholesterol," which may prevent coronary artery disease and strokes. Nuts are an important source of omega-3 essential fatty acids, an anti-inflammatory that may decrease blood pressure, coronary artery disease, strokes and breast, colon and prostate cancers, and help with arthritis, depression, Alzheimer’s and even schizophrenia. Also contain certain antioxidants that protect against heart disease, cancer, Alzheimer's, viral and fungal infections, and degenerative nerve disease.
Quinoa – A gluten-free grain and a complete protein, with all eight essential amino acids. It’s also a source for calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and iron. Sprout quinoa to get your daily dose of dietary fiber.
Red Bell Peppers – A better source of vitamin C than citrus. People who eat more vitamin C have less arthritic knees, better skin (fewer wrinkles, less dryness), faster recovery from colds and flus, and a much lower risk of stroke.
Spinach – Spinach is famous for its iron and folate (a B vitamin that prevents birth defects). But did you know the yellow pigment lutein in spinach protects your eyes from age-related macular degeneration, a leading cause of blindness? It also keeps the walls of your arteries clear, which may protect against heart attacks.
Spirulina – Sprinkle this microalgae into salad dressings, smoothies, spreads, dips, and juice to get the benefits of this chlorophyll-rich, protein-laden brain food. Spirulina is an immune booster, and an anti-fungal with antibacterial properties that come from high levels of GLA (an essential fatty acid), RNA, DNA, folate, vitamins A through E, vitamin K, a large number of important minerals, calcium, carotenoids, omega3, and omega 6 (which help protect cells from damage).
Sweet Potatoes – Full of beta-carotene, and the best source of vitamin A, which protects mucus membranes, skin, vision, and the lining of the urinary, respiratory, and intestinal tracts. Also contains essential vitamins such as vitamins B-5, B-6, and thiamin, niacin, and riboflavin, as well as calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, and potassium.
Tomatoes – A primary source of lycopene, an antioxidant reported to protect against heart disease and breast cancer.
Turmeric – A natural anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflamatory. May fight cancer because it contains curcumin, a tumor inhibitor that also suppresses the enzymes that activate carcinogens.
- - - | <urn:uuid:57e46cab-98c4-4119-8457-7d5e01d84894> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.hundredraw.com/2012/11/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.896447 | 1,583 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Unity is a word that has been thrown around a lot this last week or so. The Democratic convention has been all about unifying the left. The truth is the big party establishment abandoned progressive and subverted the democratic process ignoring the voice of the people. Now they want your votes.
What’s better than uniting behind a candidate who has gone against your values? Uniting the country behind another candidate. Unite for good and sound government. Unite for supporting the freedom of personal choice for all Americans. Unite for finally bringing our brave men and women home. Unite for protecting the environment, real criminal justice reform, term limits in Washington, and more.
There is a real alternative to the status quo. Gov. Gary Johnson and Gov. Bill Weld have a history of bringing together people on both sides of the aisle. Both men were GOP Governors in Democratic strong holds (during Johnson's terms New Mexico Democrats held a 2:1 majority and Massachusetts Republicans were only 14% of the electorate). Did I mention that Gov. Johnson won both times by a 10 point margin and Weld was reelected with 70% of the votes?
Did I mention that both men were reelected for second terms? Both men were hugely popular for not raising taxes, promoting job growth, and staying out of people’s personal business.
So how does this happen? Most Americans are for smaller and more responsible government. Most Americans believe they should have the right to make their own decisions. Neither of the “big parties” fulfill both sides of American’s interests. The Libertarian Party stand for both responsible government and civil liberties.
If you are for responsible government, lower taxes, job growth, your freedom to make your own decision, bringing our troops home, then you should be for Governors Gary Johnson and Bill Weld. Two parties have controlled Washington for far too long, neither has an interest in fighting for you and your rights. The only way to affect real and lasting change is to vote Libertarian and vote Johnson-Weld. | <urn:uuid:31671281-506d-4355-9010-08575cb0883a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.livefreekentucky.com/lobby-20161514/archives/07-2016 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.962663 | 414 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Hunter Road Force Wheel Balancer
Road force wheel balancing is the best ways to sort out those unwanted vibrations through the steering wheel or the rear of the vehicle.
What is the difference between standard wheel balancing and roadforce?
A wheel is spun and the standard balancer identifies the imbalance in the wheel assembly. Weights are applied opposite the heavy area, so when spun the wheel rotates without imbalance.
Road Force Balancing
A wheel is spun and a standard balance measurement is taken but in addition to this the wheel is also taken on a simulated road test. This is where a load roller is lowered onto the wheel, putting the wheel under load to simulate actual road force. This additionally identifies:
1.Road Force Variation: if the wheel is out of round (Run out) or there is uneven tread/tyre wall stiffness. All of which are contributing to vibration over and above that caused by simple imbalance.
2.Lateral Force: the amount of conicity (the amount of Flex) in the tyre wall, which when excessive can cause the car to pull.
How is excessive Road Force Corrected?
By the technician rotating the tyre on the rim; so aligning the stiff spot in the tyre to the low spot in the rim. This is called ForceMatching™ and solves the vibration.
Occasionally tyres and rims with excessive Road Force cannot be matched and therefore must be replaced.
We have the only Hunter Road Force Wheel Balancer in Scotland and have customers travelling from all over the country to our department for this service. | <urn:uuid:d9f11f03-f7f9-4c4e-b8ce-f33e1828e61c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gttyresforres.co.uk/hunter-road-force-wheel-balancer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.929756 | 323 | 2.359375 | 2 |
English Idioms and Phrases is dedicated to one of the most difficult lexical topics in the English language – Idioms. All English language learners face these unusual phrases from the very beginning of their curriculum. When you meet them for the first time you get confused and usually try to translate each word and only after that you try to understand the meaning of the whole phrase. But very quickly you realize that you can not understand it at all. Such extraordinary phrases are called idioms. To understand what they mean we have to learn them.
Some users often ignore these important topic. But when they begin to communicate actively they realize that native speakers use idioms in their everyday speech with great pleasure. Of course it is almost impossible to learn all idioms at once – there are thousands of them. But you should definitely try to learn the most common idioms. With this pack of knowledge you will soon become an interesting communicator for sure.
That is why our app is the most easy and suitable way to reach this aim. We have created a list of the most widespread idioms. Each idiom has a clear and simple explanation and an example of the context usage.
But this is not the only way to use the app. There are lots of tests which we have made up to help you improve your skills and knowledge.
So having downloaded our application “Idioms” on your smartphone you will be able to find and understand necessary phrases, learn them and also test your knowledge.
The app is absolutely free and it does not have in-app purchases and offers. | <urn:uuid:4537e444-3ab2-4146-a26e-bc668dfa480f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://apkmb.com/english-idioms-and-phrases/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.960292 | 323 | 2.203125 | 2 |
GRCC’s Calkins Science Center hosts a seismometer that’s part of the MIQuakes network, a group of Michigan high schools, community colleges and universities that host seismometers recording earthquake activity worldwide.
GRCC’s seismometer — GRMI — has picked up four earthquakes so far this month that were equal to or greater than magnitude 6:
On Aug. 5 at 11:46 a.m. Coordinated Universal Time, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake was generated near Pulau Lombok, Indonesia. Our seismometer recorded the earthquake 20 minutes later — the red arrow shows the arrival of the primary wave:
On Aug. 12, GRMI picked up two earthquakes — a magnitude 6.4 and 6 — both from northern Alaska. The primary waves from the Alaska earthquakes only took six minutes to arrive at the GRMI station.
Finally, on Aug. 15, a magnitude 6.6 earthquake shook the Tanaga Volcano in the Aleutian Islands and was picked up by GRMI 10 minutes later. | <urn:uuid:ac2e9823-e417-468d-8569-cf8fc8f07e70> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://grcctoday.wordpress.com/2018/08/17/grcc-seismometer-records-four-magnitude-6-earthquakes-this-august/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.920674 | 213 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Bowie is a suburban area within Prince George’s County near the metropolitan area of Washington DC. On your commute between the two areas, residents may come in contact with some wildlife along the way. While wildlife is enjoyable among a suburban area, it can be hard to identify different species. If you come across a specific species of snake, bird, or bug on more than one occasion, chances are that species is commonly found in your area. It is helpful to know which species are common to your area, especially when dealing with snakes. Out of the 27 different species of snake that can be found throughout the state of Maryland, only 2 are poisonous, with one of the two species being found in the Bowie area.
Some of the most commonly found snakes in the Bowie area include:
- Northern Copperhead- This tan to brown snake is one of the two venomous snakes found in the state of Maryland. The Copperhead can be confused with other species of snake that are not as dangerous, so caution is always advised.
- Northern Water snake- Not to be confused with the poisonous water moccasin or cottonmouth, the Northern Water snake is harmless and can be gray to brown in color.
- Northern Brown Snake- This tiny snake can grow up to 15 inches in length with brown spots running down its back.
- Ring-Necked Snake- This snake can grow up to 20 inches in length with a yellow to orange ring around its small neck along with a yellow to orange belly.
- Worm Snake- Pink to brown in color, this small shiny snake can be mistaken for a large worm.
- Red Bellied Snake- This small gray to black snake can be recognized by it’s red stomach.
- Black Rat Snake- This useful snake can grow to be 80 inches long with a white checkered pattern trailing down its black back.
- Garter Snake- This green to brown snake has checkered spots going down its back and grow up to 48 inches long.
If you ever spot a snake on your Bowie property, call the professionals at Mid Atlantic Wildlife Control. Our technicians are able to identify the species of snake within your home as well as remove the snake from your home in a way that is humane and effective. Our professionals are also able to recognize where the snake was able to enter your home while using methods and techniques to prevent future snakes from entering your home. Call Mid Atlantic Wildlife Control today at 443-417-3137 or visit our contact page. if you are in need of our snake removal services. Follow us today on Google+, Pinterest, Twitter, and Facebook. | <urn:uuid:8c7fdbfe-579c-4b62-91e0-ddd6a86c1aef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.midatlanticwildlifecontrol.com/commonly-found-snakes-bowie/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.939545 | 535 | 3.234375 | 3 |
The U.S. Supreme Court’s conservative majority have made themselves known in a 5-4 vote reinstating Trump’s ban on transgender people in the military, NPR reports. It’s yet another move by the right exposing their abhorrent disregard for trans people.
This ruling allows the Pentagon to keep transgender people from joining or remaining in the military. Trump claimed in a 2017 tweet that the ban is to keep the military from being “burdened with the tremendous medical costs and disruption that transgender [sic] in the military would entail.”
It’s worth bearing in mind that there are only about 900 openly trans people serving in the whole of the U.S. military, according to the Washington Post. Which proves the point: this isn’t about saving money; it’s about denying trans people rights.
The military first opened itself to trans personnel in June 2016 under the Obama administration. Trans people currently serving were given first priority under the policy so that they could legally stay in their positions and would be provided with medical care. Transgender recruits would have been permitted from July 1, 2017 on, except that Trump’s former Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis delayed the opening by six months, claiming there was a need for further study. Then, Trump shared the above tweets and told Mattis to instate a ban on transgender service members by March 23, 2018.
However, in Oct. 2017, a U.S. district judge in Washington, D.C., ruled against the president’s discriminatory policy. As per NPR, the judge said transgender troops have “a strong case” for Trump’s ban violating their Fifth Amendment rights.
Now, the court’s decision puts a stay on the injunctions from two lower court cases (Trump v. Karnoski and Trump v. Stockman) that had halted the ban. The two cases are being appealed through the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit.
Liberal Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Stephen G. Breyer, Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan all voted to maintain a stay on the ban. Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. and Justices Clarence Thomas, Samuel A. Alito Jr., Neil M. Gorsuch and Brett M. Kavanaugh all showed their true colors, ruling to resurrect the restrictions.
Pentagon spokesperson Air Force Lt. Col. Carla Gleason told the Washington Post that the Defense Department’s “proposed policy is NOT a ban on service by transgender persons.” She continued:
It is critical that DoD be permitted to implement personnel policies that it determines are necessary to ensure the most lethal and combat effective fighting force in the world. DoD’s proposed policy is based on professional military judgment and will ensure that the U.S. Armed Forces remain the most lethal and combat effective fighting force in the world.
In short, the U.S. military cares more about its bloated fighting ability than ensuring it’s staffed with personnel who are able to simply be themselves and seek medical treatment.
The Supreme Court order mentions that, if the 9th Circuit court rules against the Trump administration, the ban will still stay in effect until the Supreme Court either refuses to hear the case or rules against the restrictions. | <urn:uuid:2f0932e6-cf10-4282-a8c6-2affbe63831e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://staging.pastemagazine.com/politics/transgender-military-ban/supreme-court-sides-with-trump-on-trans-military-p/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.95537 | 685 | 1.679688 | 2 |
The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway corrects DNA damage caused by sunlight, environmental mutagens and certain antitumor agents. This multistep DNA repair reaction operates by the sequential assembly of protein factors at sites of DNA damage. The efficient recognition of DNA damage and its repair are orchestrated by specific protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions within NER complexes. We have investigated an essential protein-protein interaction of the NER pathway, the binding of the XPA protein to the ERCC1 subunit of the repair endonuclease ERCC1-XPF. The structure of ERCC1 in complex with an XPA peptide shows that only a small region of XPA interacts with ERCC1 to form a stable complex exhibiting submicromolar binding affinity. However, this XPA peptide is a potent inhibitor of NER activity in a cell-free assay, blocking the excision of a cisplatin adduct from DNA. The structure of the peptide inhibitor bound to its target site reveals a binding interface that is amenable to the development of small molecule peptidomimetics that could be used to modulate NER repair activities in vivo.
- DNA repair
- Nucleotide excision repair
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
- Immunology and Microbiology(all) | <urn:uuid:873dc7cb-638b-4bab-9434-af05bf8c0bbc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scholars.uthscsa.edu/en/publications/structural-basis-for-the-recruitment-of-ercc1-xpf-to-nucleotide-e | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.896692 | 310 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Lexmark Z517 InkCartridge prices starting at $13.95
Shop Cartridges for Z517
How to Replace Cartridge(s)
To replace a cartridge for the Lexmark Z517, just follow these steps:
- Make sure the printer is turned on.
- Open the printer cover. This will move the cartridge carriage to the center of the machine.
- Wait until the cartridge carriage is idle and silent. Squeeze the tabs on the cartridge lids and then lift the lids.
- Remove the old ink cartridge to be replaced.
- Remove the new ink cartridge from its packaging. Remove protective covering on the new ink cartridge.
- Insert the new ink cartridge into its corresponding slot.
- Lower the lid and push down to close.
- Close the printer cover.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the advantages of buying remanufactured ink cartridges?
Remanufactured ink cartridges for the Lexmark Z517 let you save on costs without compromising your desired printing quality. They also support recycling efforts, making them good for the environment.
What are page yields?
Page yields refer to the estimated number of pages that replacement cartridges can produce and can be used to estimate overall cost per page.
Do you have guarantees in place?
All replacement Lexmark 16 (10N0016) Remanufactured Black Ink Cartridges, Lexmark 26 (10N0026) Remanufactured Color Ink Cartridges, and Lexmark 27 (10N0227) Remanufactured Color Ink Cartridges from Inkjets.com are guaranteed to work or you get your money back--no questions asked. | <urn:uuid:bbcb2aa5-e8da-44bf-859d-f183ca538674> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.inkjets.com/lexmark/z-series/z517.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.8744 | 344 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Efficient Scheduling of Smart Home
Appliances for Energy Management
by Cost and PAR Optimization
Algorithm in Smart Grid
Sahibzada Muhammad Shuja1, Nadeem Javaid1(B
), Sajjad Khan1,
Hina Akmal2, Murtaza Hanif3, Qazi Fazalullah1, and Zain Ahmad Khan4
1COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
2University of Lahore (Islamabad Campus), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
3Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
4COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22010, Pakistan
Abstract. As the energy demand for consumption is comparably higher
than the generation of energy, which produce the shortage of energy.
Many new schemes are being developed to fulfill the energy consumer
demand. In this paper, we proposed our meta-heuristic algorithm Runner
Updation Optimization Algorithm (RUOA) to schedule the consumption
pattern of residential appliances. We compared the results of our scheme
with other meta-heuristic algorithm Strawberry Algorithm (SBA) and
Firefly Algorithm (FA). Critical Peak Price (CPP) and Real Time Price
(RTP) are the two electricity pricing scheme that we used in this paper
for calculation of electricity cost. The main objective of this paper is to
minimize the electricity cost and Peak to Average Ratio (PAR). However,
consumer comfort is not satisfied.
Keywords: SA ·FA ·RUOA ·Meta-heuristic techniques ·
Home Energy Management System ·Smart Grid
The traditional Grid (TG) has insufficient capabilities to solve electricity grid chal-
lenges: security of transmission line, bi-directional communication scalability and
robustness against any fault . Therefore, advanced architecture of the TG is
strongly wished to overcome these challenges in an efficient way. Smart Grid (SG)
integrates various communications information to TG. SG allow consumer to con-
trol electricity consumption through bi-directional communication between con-
sumers and source via Smart Meter (SM) in Advanced Metering Infrastructure
(AMI) . Demand Side Management (DSM) is the main section of SG to cre-
ate balance for both demand and supply sides . DSM has two main features:
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
L. Barolli et al. (Eds.): WAINA 2019, AISC 927, pp. 398–411, 2019.
Efficient Scheduling of Smart Home Appliances 399
Demand Response (DR) action taken by consumer on dynamic pricing scheme and
load management to schedule the electricity consumption in an efficient way. Elec-
tricity consumption is optimize to reduce electricity cost by DR Program in i.e.
different electricity consumption patter dynamic electricity price.
The main concern of SG is to reduce the PAR, electricity bills and maximize
the consumer comfort. Electricity bills and PAR are reduced at demand side by
efficient management of electricity consumption pattern. Utility provide differ-
ent pricing scheme: Real Time Price (RTP), Critical Peak Price (CPP), Inclined
Block Rate (IBR) etc. Electricity can be managed for the home appliances for
reduction of cost and Peak to Average Ratio (PAR) by pricing schemes. Cur-
rently many DSM mechanisms deployed to overcome previously mention chal-
lenges. In past research work, many of non-heuristic technique are presented to
optimize the home appliances , the researcher used Integer Linear Program-
ming (ILP) for reducing load at low price time slot to increase consumer comfort
(CC). However, this technique is not consider for complex energy consumption
Scheduling of residential appliances in architecture of SG is provided by Home
Energy Management System (HEMS). HEMS is an intelligent system that opti-
mizes the load consumption pattern in peak hours. In previous work of HEMS,
authors categories the load management as real-time and predictable based. In
, predictable approach of load management is deployed. However, this app-
roach is costly and complex to produce uncertainty of solution. While real-time
optimization is employed to overcome the uncertainty issues that is deployable
for large scale of area .
In , real-time approach of load management is deployed for peak hours.
The exclusively management of energy utilization pattern in residential area is
feasible for optimization of different appliances at home. However, CC is not
satisfied. In this paper, we deployed the meta-heuristic algorithm for real-time
environment. In our work, Strawberry Algorithm (SA) and Firefly Algorithm
(FA) are simulated for their results to compare with our proposed scheme Runner
Updation Optimization Algorithm (RUOA). We developed a new scheme to get
optimal solution for reduction of total electricity cost and PAR as compared
with SA and FA scheme, while CC is sacrificed in our scheme. However, there
is trade-off exist for CC to cost and PAR. Moreover, many spaces exist to fill
the area of load management and more researches are going on to overcome the
The rest of the work is organized as follows: In Sect.2, we present the related
work for scheduling of appliances in according with different technique. Section 3
explains the problem statement to tackle the issues. In Sect.4, we discussed
our proposed scheme in detail along with pricing scheme that has been used.
Scheduling techniques are presented in Sect. 5to work out our proposed scheme.
Simulation results are discussed in Sect. 6. At the end paper conclusions are
drawn in Sect. 7.
400 S. M. Shuja et al.
2 Related Work
In HEMS lot of research has been presented by many authors for optimization
of residential appliances’ scheduling. Researchers trying to induce the efficient
scheduling of electricity consumption pattern by the appliances placed at any
home. Different authors have main objective to consumed electricity in reliable
and efficient way by reducing electricity cost and PAR or increasing CC. Further,
some related research works are discussed below and summarized in Table 1.
Authors highlighted the multi residential electricity load scheduling problem
in . According to author, in previous research only single residential area is
considered, to keep this thing in mind they want to maximize the user comfort for
large residential area. They proposed electricity load scheduling algorithm named
as PL-Generalized Benders Algorithm. The aim of their proposed algorithm is
to schedule the load of appliances and maximize the user comfort. However, it
is not defined how will they schedule load when appliances are near optimal to
Discussion about the trend by authors in , to schedule the electrical load
from on peak hours to off peak hours. The consumer needs scheduling in an
online manner that they can easily find out the prices of electricity and schedule
the load of their appliances according to that manner. To make electricity users
aware about their load scheduling of appliances online Load Scheduling Learning
(LSL) algorithm is proposed in . The aim of their algorithm is to reduce PAR.
However, cost of electricity and performance of proposed algorithm is not defined
Community based cooperative energy scheme is proposed in . The aim of
proposed scheme is to discuss the electricity cost consumption of the user and
smart grid. In their work, they want to minimize the cost and PAR, to fulfill
their aim they considered community between SG to consumer and consumer to
SG. To evaluate the results of their proposed C2C (community to community)
scheme, MATLAB is used. The cost is minimized because of reducing PAR dur-
ing on peak hours. However, User comfort and security issues are compromised.
In , the HEMS system is proposed to schedule the operation of electric
appliances. Authors perceive about Quality of Experience in their work because
they want to check the effects of the proposed system. For this purpose they
consider the profiles of the users and also proposed allocation algorithm. By
applying the proposed system and algorithm electricity cost is minimized. On
the other hand, they have not consider PAR and CC in their proposed work.
The Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA)
and cuckoo search meta-heuristic algorithm is used in . In their paper, the aim
of authors is to schedule the load of homes appliances and convert them in smart
homes. They also want to reduce the peak load and electricity bill reduction.
To schedule the appliances load of the homes they also used renewable energy
resources in their work. The electricity bill is minimized. However, the electricity
bill can be reduced further.
The multiple problems such as reducing electricity bill cost and peak reduc-
tion is considered in . They want to solve above mentioned problems, to
Efficient Scheduling of Smart Home Appliances 401
solve these problems meta-heuristic algorithm is proposed in their work. The
MATLAB is used to perform the simulations of their proposed meta-heuristic
algorithm. The simulations show the reduction of peak during peak hours and
it also affects the electricity bill. On the other hand, the CC is compromised.
The GA and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithms are proposed in
. The aim of these proposed algorithms in this work is to minimize the peak
load of SHs. They also want to reduce the electricity bills of the users without
compromising their comfort. Multiple SHs are considered at different time slot
to check the results of their proposed algorithms, which shows that reduction in
the load and electric bill is performed. However, the performance of optimization
Short term decision making model is proposed in . In this paper, the renew-
able energy resources are used to manage the load of SHs and minimize the elec-
tricity cost. The mixed-ILP method is also used in this paper to make system more
efficient. The proposed model with this method also gives the offer for electricity
to use in fewer rates at specific hours. However, the implementation cost of this
proposed model on the basis of renewable energy resources is very high.
3 Problem Statement
The reduction of electricity cost and energy management in SG is our main
objective due to irregular behavior of energy consumption. Consumer comfort
is usually neglected while considering reduction of electricity price. A scheme is
presented in , to optimize the operation of residential appliances in such a
way that minimize the total electricity consumption cost and maximize the CC.
There is always trade off exist between cost and CC.
A model of Energy Management System (EMS) is presented in . It pro-
poses a meta-heuristic technique with RTP and IBR pricing signal for efficient
optimization of home energy to manage the home appliances. Simulations depict
that the significant minimization of electricity cost and PAR. However, the CC
is not considered. In this paper, we performed simulation on SBA and FA algo-
rithms to compared the results with our new proposed RUOA algorithm for
scheduling of home appliances.
3.1 System Description
The proposed system model is shown in Fig. 1. Our system model is working for
scheduling SH appliances. Cost of electricity and PAR is increasing periodically
so there is need of well adaptable system, which can minimize average electricity
price and PAR. A HEMS is used for optimization of home appliances to regulate
the schedule of their operational time. HEMS ease the consumer with respect
of reduction in electricity dissipation and electricity cost. For optimization the
appliances are classified into three different categories; Shiftable appliances, Non-
Shiftable appliances and fixed appliances. Shiftable are those appliances whose
operational time can be shifted from peak hour time slots to non-peak hour time
402 S. M. Shuja et al.
slots, while Non-Shiftable operational time cannot be shifted or interrupted dur-
ing their operational time and fixed appliances operate on the basis of consumer
demand which cannot be fixed for specific time slots. Appliances of different
classification with their power rating are given in Table 2.
Fig. 1. Proposed system model
In SG system consumer can bi-directionally communicate with utility
through SM, this communication can give information to the consumer for
recently consumed electricity and estimated cost of electricity. In this paper
we used CPP and RTP pricing scheme through which load is shifted from peak
hours to non-peak hours, which enable us to know the energy consumed and cost
charged against per hour. We can reduce our electricity cost by knowing the con-
sumption of energy. In our work, we used our proposed algorithm RUOA in EMC
of SM, compared the result with SA and Firefly algorithm. The results shows
that proposed algorithm RUOA perform in a better way from other algorithm
for scheduling of residential appliances.
To estimate the cost of electricity CPP and RTP pricing scheme is used in
our work. The main objective of our work is to reduce the consumption of energy
to reduce PAR and electricity cost. In Eq. 1, total electricity cost is estimated
with PAR reduction.
Rate ×App(hour)),App(hour)=[1/0] (1)
In above equation EHour
Rate shows the electricity cost per hour, PApp
Rate shows the
power rating of each appliance and App(hour) values present the ON/OFF status
of appliances. In Eqs. 3and 4total load and PAR is estimated.
Rate ×App(hour)),App(hour)=[1/0] (2)
PAR =(Max(LoadApp)/Avg(LoadApp)) (3)
Efficient Scheduling of Smart Home Appliances 403
Table 1. Appliances classification
Appliances class Appliances Power rating
Shiftable Vacuum cleaner 1.2 6
Electric water heater 2.6 8
Water pump 1 8
Dish washer 2.5 4
Steam iron 1.2 3
Refrigerator 0.225 20
Air conditioner 1.5 14
Non-Shiftable Washing machine 3 5
Tumble d ryer 3.3 4
Fixed Oven 1.23 4
Blender 0.3 2
Ceiling fan 0.1 12
Desktop PC 0.3 10
TV 0.3 9
Laptop 0.1 8
4 Scheduling Techniques
Many of the mathematical techniques are presented for scheduling of residen-
tial appliances; MILP, DP, MINLP etc. However, due to slow computation for
large number of appliances consumer demand is not satisfied. Therefore, meta-
heuristic algorithms are used for efficient optimization of home appliances to
reduce the electricity price and manage the load between peak and non-peak
hour. In this paper, we choose some meta- heuristic algorithm SBA and FA to
propose our algorithm RUOA for optimization of energy consumption pattern
of appliances. Algorithms are described further in below subsection.
4.1 Strawberry Algorithm
SBA is a nature based meta-heuristic algorithm of strawberry plant presented in
. These plants grow through runner because of their intelligent nature; they
get their food from nutrient, light and water. If a plant found a good location
for enough food, then it will never move from this location. In another case, if
plant is placed at a location where it found not enough food for its growth then
it try to finding some optimal location by sending long runner for its survival.
The plant propagates some long runner to calculate maximum optimal solution
for survival in Eq.(4). It is hard to provide enough sources to runner especially
when plant is located at place where no good resources for survival. Natural
resources decide the location for plant that its good or not.
r2=[r1+drunner ∗(rand(m, N)−0.5)r1+droot ∗(rand(m, N )−0.5)].(4)
404 S. M. Shuja et al.
r1=ul +(uh −ul)∗(rand(m, N ).(5)
SA generates population in form of 1 and 0 for optimization of appliances
using Eq. (5). Every binary number represents a solution for respective time
slot and binary representation of number show the ON/OFF status of home
appliances. The SBA searches for local best solution of minimizing cost and
PAR through runner on the basis of fitness function. SBA performs global best
solutions for search in reproduction step from local solutions.
4.2 Firefly Algorithm
FA is developed on the basis of flashing feature of firefly in . As the entire fire-
fly attracts toward the brighter light so brightness is the main objective function
of firefly. The quality of best solution is depend on the intensity of light emitted
by firefly. Every firefly has values for fitness of brightness as solution and attract
toward the brighter firefly. In simple understanding of FA, basic step of rules are
•Present brightness objective function.
•Generate firefly population.
•Calculate the light intensity of firefly.
•Calculate attractiveness of firefly.
•Movement toward the brighter firefly.
•Update the light intensity rank and select the best solution.
4.3 Runner Updation Optimization Algorithm
RUOA is our proposed scheme for optimal scheduling of residential appliances. It
is derived from two other above mentioned nature based meta-heuristic scheme
SBA and FA. We built a feature of population updation of runner from SBA in
flashing scenario of FA. In SBA, the plant propagates few runners upon lower
and upper limit of resources to find optimal solution for survival. We get a
refined updated location of resources by comparing rand number of location.
When condition is satisfied then best solution is being updated for population
through runner .
While in FA ideal flashing algorithm is perform for the random population
to acquire the possible optimal solution. They get refined value when condition
for brighter firefly is true, which not better for optimal solution. The value of
updated population is unrefined output, because every time FA takes random
number for optimization so in comparison step population may not achieve the
best solution . In RUOA, we refined the updated population with best fitness
feature of runner from SBA to deploy in FA.
5 Simulations Results and Reasoning
In this section, results of proposed algorithm and comparison with other algo-
rithm are evaluated. MATLAB based simulations are analyzed to verify the
Efficient Scheduling of Smart Home Appliances 405
Algorithm 1. Algorithm of Runner Updation Optimization Algorithm.
Require: Input: [Initialize random population, MaxIt, Electricity Price;]
1: Determine Length of operational time for appliances and their power rating;
2: for t=1:24do
3: Evaluate the value of xl and ul limits random population;
4: Evaluate LOT;
5: Find local best solution;
6: for i=1:10do
7: Determine the Population Size and no of appliances;
8: Identify initial random population between xl and ul;
9: for iter ≤iterMaxIt do
10: Propagate Runner from SBA on search spaces;
11: Identify fitness criteria of notify location;
12: Evaluate the location and update it;
13: end for
14: end for
15: Rank the population;
16: Find the best population for identified location;
17: end for
18: end for
19: Update the LOT of appliances;
20: Decrement from currently selected appliances LOT;
21: end for
22: end for
results of proposed algorithm RUOA. In our work, we compared the result with
existing meta-heuristic SBA and FA algorithm. CPP and RTP pricing scheme
are used for our main objective of cost minimization, PAR reduction and load
management in simulations. Figures2and 3shows the hourly electricity cost
along with plots of pricing signal CPP and RTP.
The hourly load consumptions are shown in Fig. 4for CPP and Fig. 5for RTP
along with scheduled and unscheduled pattern of consumption. Our proposed
Fig. 2. Hourly cost with CPP signal
406 S. M. Shuja et al.
algorithm RUOA show that its peaks for hourly load graph are better than other
meta-heuristic algorithm SBA and FA for both CPP and RTP. We realize that pat-
tern of per hour load consumption of schedule is much better than unscheduled.
Our simulation result depict that proposed algorithm RUOA optimize the hourly
load consumption by shifting load from peak hours to non-peak hours.
Fig. 3. Hourly cost with RTP signall
Fig. 4. CPP hourly load
Fig. 5. RTP hourly load
Efficient Scheduling of Smart Home Appliances 407
The result of PAR value generated by SBA, FA and proposed scheme RUOA
for CPP and RTP are shown in Figs. 6and 7. Both CPP and RTP signals in
figure verify that proposed algorithm outperformed than other algorithm. PAR
is reduced by 70.76% in SBA, 45.21% in FA and 75.1% in proposed RUOA
for CPP, while 65.45% in SBA, 45.2% in FA and 75.02% in proposed RUOA
for RTP with refer to unscheduled PAR. Simulations show that our proposed
scheme RUOA performed in a better way than other algorithm.
The hourly cost of electricity shown in Figs.8and 9for CPP and RTP, which
simulated by SBA, FA and our proposed algorithm RUOA. Simulations depict
the result of our proposed scheme is good enough from other scheme, as schedule
peak of graph show the lower cost at higher price time slot as compared with
Total electricity cost value is estimated in Figs. 10 and 11 simulated by SBA,
FA and RUOA for CPP and RTP pricing scheme. Simulation shows that perfor-
mance of our proposed scheme is outclassing as compared with SBA and FA. In
Total Cost plots, the total electricity cost is reducing by 24.53% in SBA, 55.4%
in FA and 65.97% in proposed RUOA for CPP, while 19.78% in SBA, 15.21% in
FA and 35.19% in proposed RUOA with respect of unscheduled case. There is
trade-off between cost and waiting time, which mean that our proposed scheme
RUOA is reducing cost while sacrificing consumer waiting time.
Fig. 6. CPP PAR
Fig. 7. RTP PAR
408 S. M. Shuja et al.
Fig. 8. CPP hourly cost
Fig. 9. RTP hourly cost
Fig. 10. CPP total cost
Consumer waiting time for CPP and RTP pricing signal are presented in
Figs. 12 and 13. In our case, waiting time shows the time limit to turn ON the
home appliances. The consumer comfort level is calculated in term of consumer
waiting time, we have to minimize the waiting time for consumer to maximize the
comfort level and vice versa. The waiting time calculated for CPP is 3.8876 h by
SBA, 6.7775 h by FA and 4.9879 h by proposed RUOA, while for RTP is 3.8409 h
by SBA, 6.7775 h by FA and 4.5403 h by proposed RUOA. Simulation shows that
Efficient Scheduling of Smart Home Appliances 409
Fig. 11. RTP total cost
Fig. 12. CPP waiting time
Fig. 13. RTP waiting time
SBA well performed than other algorithm in consumer waiting time. However,
there is trade-off for our proposed RUOA to SBA and FA in waiting time and
total electricity price.
An electricity load management is concerned to evaluate at DSM. In this
paper, we develop the scheme for load management from existing meta-heuristic
410 S. M. Shuja et al.
technique SBA and FA with pricing scheme of CPP and RTP. We proposed an
RUOA algorithm to optimize the residential appliances based on their electric-
ity consumption pattern. We analyzed the performance of our simulation, which
shows that the performance of our proposed technique is better than other meta-
heuristic technique SBA and FA in term of total electricity price and PAR. On
the other hand SBA outperformed for consumer comfort as compared with our
1. Gungor, V.C., Sahin, D., Kocak, T., Ergut, S., Buccella, C., Cecati, C., et al.:
Smart grid technologies: communication technologies and standards. IEEE Trans.
Ind. Inform. 7(4), 529–539 (2011)
2. Esther, B.P., Kumar, K.S.: A survey on residential demand side management archi-
tecture, approaches, optimization models and methods. Renew. Sustain. Energy
Rev. 59, 342–351 (2016)
3. Wu, Z., Tazvinga, H., Xia, X.: Demand side management of photovoltaic-battery
hybrid system. Appl. Energy 148, 294–304 (2015)
4. Strbac, G.: Demand side management: benefits and challenges. Energy Policy 36,
4419–4426 (2008). Vancouver
5. Zhu, Z., Jie, T., Lambotharan, S., Chin, W.H., Fan, Z.: An integer linear pro-
gramming based optimization for home demand-side management in smart grid.
In: 2012 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), pp. 1–5. IEEE
6. Agnetis, A., de Pascale, G., Detti, P., Vicino, A.: Load scheduling for household
energy consumption optimization. Smart Grid IEEE Trans. 4, 2364–2373 (2013)
7. Colmenar-Santos, A., de Lober, L.N.T., Borge-Diez, D., Castro-Gil, M.: Solutions
to reduce energy consumption in the management of large buildings. Energy Build.
56, 66–77 (2013)
8. Marzband, M., Ghazimirsaeid, S.S., Uppal, H., Fernando, T.: A real-time evalu-
ation of energy management systems for smart hybrid home Microgrids. Electr.
Power Syst. Res. 143, 624–633 (2017)
9. Moon, S., Lee, J.-W.: Multi-residential demand response scheduling with multi-
class appliances in smart grid. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 9(4), 2518–2528 (2018)
10. Bahrami, S., Wong, V.W.S., Huang, J.: An online learning algorithm for demand
response in smart grid. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 9(5), 4712–4725 (2018)
11. Bera, S., Misra, S., Chatterjee, D.: C2C: community-based cooperative energy
consumption in smart grid. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 9(5), 4262–4269 (2018)
12. Behrens, D., Schoormann, T., Knackstedt, R.: Developing an algorithm to consider
mutliple demand response objectives. Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res. 8(1), 2621–2626
13. Javaid, N., Ullah, I., Akbar, M., Iqbal, Z., Khan, F.A., Alra jeh, N., Alabed, M.S.:
An intelligent load management system with renewable energy integration for
smart homes. IEEE Access 5, 13587–13600 (2017)
14. Aslam, S., Iqbal, Z., Javaid, N., Khan, Z.A., Aurangzeb, K., Haider, S.I.: Towards
efficient energy management of smart buildings exploiting heuristic optimization
with real time and critical peak pricing schemes. Energies 10(12), 2065 (2017)
15. Khan, I.U., Ma, X., Taylor, C.J., Javaid, N., Gamage, K.: Heuristic algorithm
based dynamic scheduling model of home appliances in smart grid (2018)
Efficient Scheduling of Smart Home Appliances 411
16. do Prado, J.C., Qiao, W.: A stochastic decision-making model for an electricity
retailer with intermittent renewable energy and short-term demand response. IEEE
Trans. Smart Grid (2018)
17. Ma, K., Yao, T., Yang, J., Guan, X.: Residential power scheduling for demand
response in smart grid. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 78, 320–325 (2016). 129,
18. Marzband, M., Yousefnejad, E., Sumper, A., Domnguez-Garca, J.L.: Real time
experimental implementation of optimum energy management system in stan-
dalone microgrid by using multi-layer ant colony optimization. Int. J. Electr. Power
Energy Syst. 75, 265–274 (2016)
19. Merrikh-Bayat, F.: A Numerical Optimization Algorithm Inspired by the Straw-
berry Plant. arXiv 2014, arXiv:1407.7399 (2014)
20. Yang, X.-S.: Firefly Algorithms for multimodal optimization. In: International
Symposium on Stochastic Algorithms. Springer, Berlin (2009) | <urn:uuid:66ddd077-20f5-4175-949d-8a4fe71aa7d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331746481_Efficient_Scheduling_of_Smart_Home_Appliances_for_Energy_Management_by_Cost_and_PAR_Optimization_Algorithm_in_Smart_Grid | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.878839 | 6,922 | 1.804688 | 2 |
- Open Access
Community health workers at the dawn of a new era: 6. Recruitment, training, and continuing education
Health Research Policy and Systems volume 19, Article number: 113 (2021)
This is the sixth of our 11-paper supplement entitled “Community Health Workers at the Dawn of New Era”. Expectations of community health workers (CHWs) have expanded in recent years to encompass a wider array of services to numerous subpopulations, engage communities to collaborate with and to assist health systems in responding to complex and sometimes intensive threats. In this paper, we explore a set of key considerations for training of CHWs in response to their enhanced and changing roles and provide actionable recommendations based on current evidence and case examples for health systems leaders and other stakeholders to utilize.
We carried out a focused review of relevant literature. This review included particular attention to a 2014 book chapter on training of CHWs for large-scale programmes, a systematic review of reviews about CHWs, the 2018 WHO guideline for CHWs, and a 2020 compendium of 29 national CHW programmes. We summarized the findings of this latter work as they pertain to training. We incorporated the approach to training used by two exemplary national CHW programmes: for health extension workers in Ethiopia and shasthya shebikas in Bangladesh. Finally, we incorporated the extensive personal experiences of all the authors regarding issues in the training of CHWs.
The paper explores three key themes: (1) professionalism, (2) quality and performance, and (3) scaling up. Professionalism: CHW tasks are expanding. As more CHWs become professionalized and highly skilled, there will still be a need for neighbourhood-level voluntary CHWs with a limited scope of work. Quality and performance: Training approaches covering relevant content and engaging CHWs with other related cadres are key to setting CHWs up to be well prepared. Strategies that have been recently integrated into training include technological tools and provision of additional knowledge; other strategies emphasize the ongoing value of long-standing approaches such as regular home visitation. Scale-up: Scaling up entails reaching more people and/or adding more complexity and quality to a programme serving a defined population. When CHW programmes expand, many aspects of health systems and the roles of other cadres of workers will need to adapt, due to task shifting and task sharing by CHWs.
Going forward, if CHW programmes are to reach their full potential, ongoing, up-to-date, professionalized training for CHWs that is integrated with training of other cadres and that is responsive to continued changes and emerging needs will be essential. Professionalized training will require ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the quality of training, continual updating of pre-service training, and ongoing in-service training—not only for the CHWs themselves but also for those with whom CHWs work, including communities, CHW supervisors, and other cadres of health professionals. Strong leadership, adequate funding, and attention to the needs of each cadre of CHWs can make this possible.
The roles of CHWs have changed substantially over recent decades as the services they provide and the specific groups that they have commonly focused on—historically, mostly children and women of childbearing age—have also expanded. CHW responsibilities now may also include newborns, subpopulations with other infectious diseases, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), and mental health as well as other services such as registration of vital events, disease surveillance, and response to humanitarian disasters and pandemics (including COVID-19) [1,2,3,4]. CHW programmes have seen a gradual shift from comprising mostly lay workers providing health promotion and education and linking communities to services offered by other health professionals, to becoming first-line providers for many services. These may include provision of immunizations, injectable contraceptives, vitamin A supplementation, and deworming medicine; diagnosis and treatment of childhood pneumonia, diarrhoea, and undernutrition using protocols for integrated community case management (iCCM); the provision of commodities including contraceptives and insecticide-treated bed nets; the detection and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) patients; and working in a range of vertical programmes such as those to control HIV and malaria [5,6,7]. Many CHW programmes have also improved maternal and child health through their support for antenatal care, safe delivery, postnatal care, and home-based care of the newborn [8,9,10]. The roles that CHWs are currently providing in large-scale CHW programmes is discussed further in Paper 5 in this series on roles and tasks .
In recent years, health systems are increasingly facing epidemiological and demographic transitions and also crises such as climate change, conflict, and outbreaks like the current COVID-19 pandemic. This is pressuring health system leaders to look for strategies to respond to these complex and often long-term care needs of their populations [12,13,14]. While much of the health systems strengthening literature does not explicitly identify community or CHW roles , CHWs are providing an increasing range of care, managing more complex health issues, collaborating more closely with other health workers, and helping to better link communities with health systems as part of a better integrated health system [16, 17].
All of these shifts have direct influences on the selection criteria and the duration, content, and modalities of pre-service and in-service training for CHWs. Training has been identified as an important factor for CHW programme successes as well as a barrier when not adequately provided. While very important, the broader literature on training of health workers in low- and middle-income countries [18, 19] suggests that training CHWs in isolation from the context in which they work is not likely to improve their performance, and even if combined with supervision and group problem-solving approaches, their effects on provider quality of care may not be as significant as might be expected.
The recent WHO guideline on health policy and system support for CHW programmes break out guidance on selection criteria, duration of pre-service training, competencies for curriculum, modalities of training, and certification . While all of the recommendations are conditional on the specific programme context and objectives, it is clear from the guideline that decisions related to the kind and extent of CHW training must reflect the kinds of roles and tasks they will perform, which in many contexts, are becoming more extensive and more highly integrated into the health system .
Recognizing the recent renewed interest in CHW programmes in light of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the goal of achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) by 2030, there is intensified attention on how to optimize and scale these programmes [22, 23]. This paper aims to provide actionable guidance for practitioners and researchers, based on the current literature and our experiences, regarding training related to CHW programmes in the years ahead. This is the sixth paper of an 11-paper series [11, 24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32] concerning the growing importance of CHW programmes and their potential significance for contributing to an acceleration of progress in achieving global health goals.
This paper builds on Chapter 9, “Training Community Health Workers for Large-Scale Community-Based Health Care Programs”, written by one of us (IA) in the 2014 publication entitled Developing and Strengthening Community Health Worker Programs at Scale: A Reference Guide for Program Managers and Policy Makers (which we refer to as the CHW Reference Guide). That chapter synthesized extensive evidence to date and laid out several takeaway messages: (1) tailor the training to the context as well as to the ongoing needs of individual CHWs rather than design “one-size-fits-all” trainings; (2) learn from and build on what is working, (3) draw from examples of diverse exemplary cases of how training has been accomplished; and (4) ensure a comprehensive training package that integrates pre-service training with in-service training of CHWs, training of supervisors of CHWs, training of communities for their roles, and training of others in the health system about CHWs (the roles and responsibilities of CHWs) and their value to the health system.
Here, we update the contents of that 2014 chapter to provide a summary of the current status of training CHWs in order to understand the new status quo. Also, we identify a set of current priorities for additional actions and research related to training CHWs—and other workers involved in supporting primary healthcare (PHC) and community health programmes such as supervisors, clinicians, and managers—based on current evidence regarding the approaches to training now being utilized by national CHW programmes throughout the world . Finally, we consider training from a broader perspective as well—not only the training needs of CHWs but the training needs for all those involved with the CHW programme—in order to sustainably enhance the quality and performance of the entire programme. We utilize case examples and current literature to explore the opportunities and challenges that each priority issue presents.
As mentioned above, we updated and expanded a chapter from a previous book on training of CHWs in large-scale programmes . We explored the limited existing peer-reviewed literature as well as grey literature pertaining the recruitment and training of CHWs. We also relied on the extensive personal experience of the authors related to training of CHWs along with their wide knowledge of this topic as a result of long-standing work in this area. We reviewed the systematic review of reviews concerning CHWs to ascertain publications related to the training of CHWs [4, 36]. We reviewed the 2018 WHO Guideline for CHW programmes to include their recommendations regarding training . Most importantly, we relied on recently published information from a recently published compendium of 29 national CHW programmes entitled Health for the People: National Community Health Programs from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe . All of the case studies followed the same format in terms of topics addressed, and one of those topics is “selection and training”. To our knowledge, this is the most detailed current information about national CHW programmes that is available at present.
Current status of training in national CHW programmes around the world
A recently published compendium of 29 case studies (including one example of a failed national CHW programme) provides an array of experiences regarding training CHWs themselves (Table 1). The duration, modalities, and main content varies widely, from just a few days or weeks up to as much as 3 years (for Nigeria’s community health extension workers [CHEWs]). In Paper 1 of this series , we classify CHWs into three categories: community health volunteers (CHVs), health extension workers (HEWs), and auxiliary health workers. CHVs have only a few days of training and may receive some intermittent per diem payments or other forms of limited remuneration and/or other informal incentives such as recognition and respect from their community. Higher-level CHWs are more extensively trained and may receive a regular salary. We have delineated our discussion of priority issues and opportunities by these categories of CHWs where appropriate.
Training of other health workers to more effectively engage and collaborate with and support CHWs has been limited, with many programmes providing no explicit training and or support to other cadres . While issues and challenges related to supervising CHWs (both for clinicians and managers who supervise CHWs as well as for CHWs who supervise other CHWs) have been explored in South Africa, Tanzania, and other contexts [39, 40], there is limited documentation in the academic literature of any training programmes or similar support services that have been developed and utilized to prepare and support supervisors in these important roles . Technology has also been held up as a solution to CHW supervision challenges—some of which it can alleviate, such as timely communication and access to current information [42,43,44]—but it is not a replacement for key relational aspects that are critical to CHW motivation and effectiveness, including valuing their unique contributions and establishing appropriate incentive structures. (See Paper 7 on supervision and Paper 8 on motivation in this series for further discussion of these issues.)
Training-related priorities for the future of CHW programme scale and sustainability
This section is organized around a set of priority considerations related to training for CHW programmes going forward. We have organized these around three overall themes: (1) professionalization, (2) quality and performance, and (3) scale-up. We will describe each and provide some background on the experience to date and examples for each one, and then describe some challenges and opportunities that can help CHW programmes navigate each going forward.
Implications of the recent professionalization of training for CHWs
Over time, the engagement of health systems with communities has increased [45,46,47]. Communities expect a more professionalized and capable health system, including professionalized CHWs [48,49,50]. Professionalization entails the processes, including for CHWs, whereby an occupation becomes established as a recognized line of work, with formal entry-level training and established remuneration. CHWs and health systems have been evolving to meet this demand by expanding training programmes, establishing standards, improving remuneration, and ensuring that CHWs are recognized by communities and other professionals in the health systems . Two major pressures driving professionalization are rising expectations by communities for (1) a trained healthcare worker to be available on a full-time basis to provide clinical services and advice at the community level and (2) referral to and counter-referral from higher-level healthcare services . Generally, the shifts in roles have included expansion of services to include prevention and treatment of NCDs, mental health, data management and disease surveillance, as well as expanded clinical care roles; further details about the changes in CHW roles were described earlier in the Context section as well.
At the same time, socioeconomic inequities persist and are even increasing regarding who can afford what kinds of care . All of this means that CHWs require additional training in order to provide the level and complexity of clinical care and authoritative guidance and coordination to navigate the rest of the health system that is needed to support improved health status at the community level—particularly for remote and underserved populations—and to meet community expectations [53,54,55]. Numerous factors, such as distance, lack of money for transport, and medical fees, are clearly demarcating sections of the community who do not have access to health facility-based care [56,57,58]. The inability of some people to travel to a facility for essential services has led to further task sharing and shifting to CHWs in some countries, though not all.
Pressures on CHWs are compounded by the continued shortage of other key cadres of PHC workers, including nurses and primary care physicians in many contexts, particularly in rural and disenfranchised populations [9, 59,60,61,62,63,64]. In addition to social and cultural drivers of shifts in the roles and expectations of CHWs, changing healthcare needs of populations caused by ongoing demographic and epidemiologic transitions are also driving the burden of disease and what is needed to sustain and improve the health of communities [65, 66]. Further, CHWs also need to be considered as full partners and as adult learners, and they need to have a role in designing and engaging in their training experiences in order to have strong ownership of their roles and carry forward with their essential services, even during times of transition and challenge in the systems where they work. Health systems must evolve, and therefore so must the package of health services that CHWs are expected to provide. Of course, these services are often organized in collaboration with other providers, and some countries are also seeking to expand the number of workers in other cadres of workers such as doctors and nurses. As new priorities arise, such as NCDs, mental health, and newborn care, stronger PHC teams that include a formal role for CHWs that are able to provide valued services directly to communities and can also employ referral strategies are needed [67,68,69]. New services and protocols will need to be added to packages of essential services provided by CHWs at the household level, and trainings will be needed to conduct this work effectively.
Increasingly, health programmes are training and using higher-level CHWs. Some of these CHWs have a significant community engagement focus (such as the HEWs in Ethiopia), while others (such as the CHCPs in Bangladesh) spend most or all of their time based at a health post. Even in instances where health systems rely on volunteer CHVs to promote healthy behaviours and to link their communities with the health system, these volunteers often include more highly educated youth who are seeking professional opportunities to secure more stable and better-paying work as their careers progress .
As more highly educated CHWs are recruited and are trained more extensively, new challenges will arise. For instance, it may become more difficult to recruit CHWs from the communities they will service, and it may also become more difficult to retain them there . As training durations increase, CHWs will need to invest more time in school and may also have to travel to official and approved training institutes that can manage and staff these longer, more intensive training programmes. These more academically oriented training venues provide opportunities for trainees to be exposed to other health professionals and gain confidence working in different settings, but the training may also become less connected and less relevant to the local contexts where CHWs will work.
The single strong recommendation related to training in the WHO guideline proposes that marital status not be a criterion for selecting CHWs for training and deployment. The guidelines call for selection of candidates who are first approved by and acceptable to the community where they will be working and who have the minimum level of education appropriate to the tasks for which they will be trained and with the necessary cognitive abilities, integrity, motivation, interpersonal skills, commitment to community service, and a public service ethos. Community participation in the recruitment and selection process not only enhances the appropriateness of the persons selected, but it also “enables a dialogue between community members and health organizations, helping them understand local issues” .
As the package of services expands, the training of CHWs needs to become more professionalized and better integrated into the health system [71, 72]. If not, CHWs can become overworked, burned out, and frustrated . Questions then arise about the benefits and polyvalent versus specialized CHWs to support specific subpopulations or to provide a more targeted set of services, such as screening and support for chronic disease management [3, 6]. (This is an issue we discuss elsewhere in this series .) There is no simple way out of this dilemma, but as more countries and health systems shift towards handling higher burdens of chronic disease, testing different approaches to integrated versus more specialized roles for CHWs will help guide policy and best practices.
At the same time, as the demand for highly skilled and professionalized CHWs is growing, appropriate and invaluable roles remain for lower-level CHWs, often working at the neighbourhood level with a smaller scope of responsibilities and on a voluntary basis. These CHWs, such as the Women’s Development Army (WDA) members in Ethiopia (see Box 1), are able to have frequent contact with their neighbours and focus on promoting healthy household behaviours, identifying pregnant women, and linking households to higher levels of care when needed. In addition, these lower-level CHWs are directly connected to, trusted by, and have first-hand understanding of the poorest and otherwise socially marginalized sections of communities with the most limited access to facilities. Such volunteer CHWs are often trained and supervised by more professionalized cadres of CHWs, and they rely on job aids such as flip charts and culturally appropriate approaches such as songs, stories, and role playing to share health information and to demonstrate healthy behaviours [74, 75]. In addition, collaborations between different cadres of CHWs can support the effective provision of services such as home-based neonatal care (HBNC) as is done by the NGO SEARCH in Maharashtra, India, as well as in other programmes [76,77,78,79,80,81,82]. Finally, female CHWs, such as the female community health volunteers (FCHVs) in Nepal [83,84,85] and the volunteer female CHWs in Rwanda (the animatrice de santé maternelle [ASM] and the female member of a pair of CHWs called a binôme) have the ability to promote women’s empowerment and social solidarity as well as to address the social determinants of health in ways that professionalized CHWs will not have time to do.
In our haste and under various societal pressures to modernize and professionalize large-scale CHW programmes, we must not forget the value and the unique contributions that can be made by community-embedded, sustainable, and trusted volunteers and workers who have no intention to leave their community.
|Key message 1|
|Professionalism of CHW training does not negate the invaluable contributions of volunteers working in community settings to improve the health of populations.|
Assuring quality and performance selection of CHWs, job-design, training approaches, job-aids, task shifting, and strategies for achieving high performance and quality
The responses of health systems in low- and middle-income countries to the challenges and opportunities they face have important implications for the roles and training of CHWs and their relationships with health facility staff—both clinicians and managers. CHWs have contributed to the progress made by health systems in many countries. However, in order to continue this progress, greater equity in service provision and improved overall CHW programme performance and quality will be required. This calls for new strategies, including a greater emphasis on integration of community-based activities with facilities.
The WHO guideline on CHWs does indicate a general consensus that inadequate training will leave CHWs unprepared for their role and most certainly adversely affect their level of motivation and commitment, not to mention the quality of their work . The length of training should be based on the scope of work and competencies required, the trainees’ pre-existing level of knowledge and skills, and other contextual factors. Most of all, the duration of training should be sufficient to ensure that the desired competencies and expertise are achieved but also that they are feasible, acceptable, and affordable . However, there is not a strong evidence base upon which to make decisions regarding what kind of trainings and what lengths are most effective.
Selection of CHWs
Some programmes, like the Afghanistan programme, deliberately have both male and female CHWs in a community and encourage selection of men and women who are related so that they can work together . The selection of women is sometimes constrained by educational requirements, leading to an under-representation of women in the CHW workforce. The effectiveness of male CHWs can be restricted by their gender, particularly in discussing issues related to sex and reproduction . Examples exist of successful programmes that have selected CHWs from among the poor . Even when CHWs are selected from among the poorer members of a community, other factors can still impede success.
The emerging role for CHWs is that of a multipurpose, professionally trained, and salaried worker who brings services closer to the community and coordinates with other health professionals when patients require additional care. Increasingly, these more highly trained CHWs are complemented by village volunteers who serve a smaller number of households. For instance, in Ethiopia, the HEW, who serves about 500 households or 2500 people, WDA volunteer leaders who coordinate 30 or so households . Another example of the dual-cadre approach is in the BRAC CHW programme (see Box 2), where a higher-level, salaried shasthya kormi, who is herself a CHW, supports the lower-level shasthya shebika. When a shasthya shebika identifies a new pregnancy or birth, she calls on her shasthya kormi to come to the home to provide care and education, which are beyond the scope of work of the shasthya shebika [96, 97].
Training for CHWs has evolved over the years and has recently expanded in terms of scope and modalities. More emphasis has also been placed on application of knowledge through simulations, supervised practice, being able to demonstrate skills under observation, and peer assessments. In addition, attention to how CHWs can most effectively learn has taken on a higher priority in recent years. Increased focus on storytelling, case-based learning, and peer learning and teaching have helped align CHW training with cultural norms for sharing information with each other.
Teaching problem-solving skills and other more complex tasks and responsibilities has required other training approaches beyond basic classroom lectures and memorization. Training is also needed on how to interact with families and communities and how to handle challenging situations that they will certainly face: conflict within and between families (including gender-based violence), lack of medicines and supplies, lack of supervision, and how to deal with health problems for which they do not have adequate training (e.g., severely ill patients, mental health problems, social conflicts) but which communities expect them to be able to address. Finally, and critically, trainees need guidance on how to deal with stress and burnout arising from these issues as well as from the common issues of being stigmatized and overworked.
The WHO guideline on CHWs recommended that training encompass at a minimum: (1) promotive and preventive services, (2) identification of family health and social needs, and risk factors for them, (3) integration within the wider healthcare system (referral, collaboration with other health workers, patient tracing, disease surveillance, monitoring and data collection, and analysis and use of data), (4) social and environmental determinants of health, (5) provision of psychosocial support, (6) strengthening of interpersonal skills related to confidentiality, communication, community engagement, and mobilization, and (7) personal safety . The guideline concluded that training for diagnosis, treatment, and care be added to this basic set of domains when these are a part of the expected role of the CHW and when regulations on scope of practice are not prohibitive .
Although the level of evidence was low, the WHO guideline for CHWs also made a conditional recommendation that the content of training be a balance of theory-focused knowledge and practice-focused skills, including supervised practical experience . The WHO guideline recommends that every effort should be made to provide training in or near the community and with learning methods in a language appropriate for the trainees. When possible, interprofessional training (with other types of health workers) should be encouraged, as well as the creation of a positive training environment. E-learning can supplement other modalities of training and is particularly appropriate for follow-up and refresher training . This has been found in Ethiopia and Bangladesh (see Boxes 1 and 2), and has also been found to be cost effective and to support knowledge exchange between CHWs .
An important but unexplored field of inquiry concerns the pros and cons of what kind of organization is best suited to provide training for CHWs and at what level in the healthcare or educational system. In some countries, universities and ministries of education take responsibility for training CHWs, while in others, the training is provided by the MOH or by technical institutes within the MOH. The level of centralization or decentralization of training is also a consideration, and how far away from home CHWs have to travel to attend training is an important issue that training programmes have to face.
Since the initial development of the concept of the integrated continuum of care in maternal, neonatal, and child health (MNCH) was developed, the scope of activities recommended for traditional birth attendants (TBAs) and CHWs has been expanded beyond health promotion. This is particularly important for implementation in populations in which access to facility-based healthcare is limited. These recommendations include distribution of nutrition supplements to pregnant women, the provision of bed nets and monthly intermittent presumptive treatment (IPT) of malaria, the administration of misoprostol to prevent postpartum haemorrhage for home deliveries, and the provision of injectable contraceptives . There is accumulating experience with community-based implementation of nutrition supplementation [101, 102], malaria control [103, 104], misoprostol [105, 106], and injectable contraceptives [107, 108]. There is also growing support for the benefits of training of TBAs in clean delivery and cord care, immediate newborn care and referral of complications , newborn resuscitation , and organized postnatal home visits and management of neonatal infections [111, 112].
Professionalized CHWs are also often expected to provide training to other volunteer cadres, and most CHWs are expected to provide health education to community members. What sorts of visual aids and tools are most helpful for this to be done effectively? For example, the shasthya kormis in the BRAC programme in Bangladesh have recently started this, using computer tablets for this purpose (see Box 2). Tablets are emerging as an important resource for showing key health messages through drawings, thereby eliminating the need for heavy paper flip charts.
Shasthya kormis are now also using tablets to record census data as well as case records of pregnant women (see Box 2). An Android-based mHealth system was used in a similar way to survey a population of two million individuals in Western Kenya for TB and HIV. Several hundred government-trained CHWs offered home-based counselling and testing for HIV along with sputum collection from individuals with symptoms of TB. Data were downloaded to a central server and then deleted from the CHWs’ phones for reasons of confidentiality. Collated information was provided to the clinics that were supervising specific communities. The CHWs found the system easy to use and preferable to the previous paper-and-pen alternatives. The system was also found to be more cost-effective than the pen-and-paper system .
Strategies for improving performance and quality care
The comprehensive review of the evidence regarding the effectiveness of community-based PHC in improving MNCH identified four community-based strategies used by effective projects: a) treatment and/or referral of sick children by parents or CHWs, b) routine systematic visitation of all homes, c) facilitator-led participatory women’s groups, and d) provision of outreach services by facility-based mobile health teams . Most importantly, most (78%) of the studies included in the review that measured equity effects of community-based programmes reported that these effects were “pro-equitable”, meaning that the effect of the programme was more favourable for the most disadvantaged segment of the population served than for the rest .
Participatory women’s groups have been particularly successful in changing complex sets of behaviours that are embedded in cultural belief systems. Recent experience has demonstrated that it is in the realm of pregnancy, childbirth, and newborn care that participatory women’s groups have been effective. Both maternal and neonatal mortality rates have been reduced in communities, in proportion to the numbers of pregnant women participating . Four mechanisms seem to explain the impact of the women’s groups. The first is that during their pregnancy women learn about appropriate care and how to prevent and manage problems. This process is enhanced by discussion and learning from each other. The second is the development of confidence. This is particularly important when dealing with mothers-in-law or other authority figures in the community who are advocating traditional beliefs and practices or resisting healthy practices. The third is the dissemination of information to others in the community. In addition to the formal community meetings, there was continued informal sharing among family members and neighbours. In one project in Malawi, there was more intentional home visiting to share information. Finally, the fourth mechanism is building the community’s capacity to take action [118, 119].
Training needs to provide all stakeholders, not just CHW trainees, with exposure to evidence-based new approaches such as those described here so that they can at least begin to sense the potential of modifying their strategies to improve performance and quality of the CHW programme.
|Key message 2|
|Assuring quality of CHW training does not just entail more training, but rather ensuring that training is relevant, that associated job aids are available, and that tasks and expectations are aligned with the training provided.|
Scaling up of CHW programmes includes expanding population coverage, of course, but it can also include improving quality and adding new components to existing programmes [123, 124]. Scale-up often builds on the experience of a pilot phase or on the experience of more widespread programme implementation. As such, when designing the adaptation or expansion of a CHW programme, it is important to consider who all the stakeholders will be, how their roles will change or grow in the new programme, and what kinds of training needs may arise for them. Secondly, considering who the best-placed trainers and mentors are for different stakeholders is essential. It is also important to consider the policy and regulatory standards and expectations for a particular context as well as global best practices relevant to the revised programme.
Since the roles of many stakeholders often need to change when programmes scale up, training needs are not limited to only CHWs. In fact, some of the most important training related to scaling CHW programmes is often training for other cadres of PHC workers, such as nurses and physicians, and supervisors and managers of health systems from the district up to national level. Training these other cadres can help them understand how to effectively collaborate with and support CHWs and also to avoid or allay concerns about CHWs contributing competition, confusion, or poor quality of care to the existing health system. National-level and mid-level buy-in and support for scale-up of CHWs includes training and support for the managers and supervisors that are overseeing these programmes at several levels. The entire PHC system needs to adapt as CHW programmes are introduced and scaled up.
Defining orientation and/or training requirements of each stakeholder and then determining who will be responsible for designing and delivering the orientation and training is the second critical consideration. Attention to who is best-placed and appropriate to teach CHWs is important in ensuring context-specific content . Some of the key trainers that have been found to be appropriate include senior CHWs, experts with first-hand experience of the context where these workers are based, community leaders, and others with specific technical or other skill sets [126,127,128]. Training for other clinical cadres and managers can include sharing and learning peers, experiences from working directly with CHWs, and guidance and encouragement from higher levels of government or experts from different development partners. The WHO guideline advises that faculty for the training of CHWs should ideally include other health workers, thereby facilitating the incorporation of CHWs as members of multidisciplinary PHC teams, and the faculty should also include supervisors of CHWs. The creation of a safe and supportive training environment is critical, with special attention to the needs of women trainees and of trainees who are members of minority and other vulnerable groups. Approaches for training diverse stakeholders may also include implications for setting up training-of-trainer (TOT) structures in order to scale training rapidly.
Next, scaling up of CHW programmes also needs to consider existing regulatory frameworks and changes in these frameworks that are needed. These frameworks and the policy approval processes associated with creating them have important implications for training. In addition, best practices from the WHO guideline on CHWs also need to be consulted and aligned with the national context.
The WHO guideline considers that competency-based formal certification has many benefits, including increasing the self-esteem of CHWs and the respect they receive from other health workers. It is also useful as CHWs transfer to other sites and other employers, and as they apply for further education and training. It provides protection to the public from those who do not have the requisite skills and training yet purport to be qualified. And it can provide a basis for reimbursement for CHW services. Finally, WHO recommends that efforts be made to establish a formal accreditation process for educational institutions that provide training for CHWs . In addition to global and national policies to guide training at scale, considering roles for village health councils or village health committees in the training process can be valuable to provide local context and community-level engagement [129, 130]. These committees also often include CHWs as members.
We recognize several important limitations of our paper. While the paper covers a lot of ground, it cannot explore every aspect of CHW training in depth, and for some countries, even basic data were missing. Further, the case examples of training in Ethiopia and Bangladesh and for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic provide a more in-depth view of training of CHWs, but many more case examples could be cited. Finally, we acknowledge that this paper was not able to make specific recommendations for CHW training programmes given the wide variation in programme contexts, approaches, and goals.
Finally, in order for CHW programmes to sustainably scale up high-quality training, adequate resources are necessary. Building the scaled-up training programme and the evidence of impact is often an iterative process that includes experimenting with different approaches and evaluating what is working well and where challenges arise in order to modify accordingly .
The rapid progression of the COVID-19 pandemic throughout the world and the need of CHWs to quickly acquire the skills they need to contribute to pandemic control led to challenges and opportunities that are relevant to this paper. Box 3 provides an overview of some of the training approaches used at scale in CHW programmes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
|Key Message 3|
|Scaling up CHW training requires providing knowledge and skills not only to CHWs, but also to ensuring that other cadres that they work with and relevant regulatory bodies are prepared to acknowledge, certify, and integrate these workers.|
This paper has laid out a set of considerations across three broad themes—professionalization, quality and performance, and scale-up—related to training for CHWs. While every context is different and requires consideration for how approaches need to be adapted, as evidence continues to mount some cross-cutting approaches and considerations are becoming clear. Currently, there is a great deal of support and enthusiasm for CHW programmes. If this can be leveraged now to further embed well-trained CHWs into strong PHC systems, their contributions and impact will support continued future investment and action to ensure that they remain a critical and well-supported cadre of the PHC workforce.
Training is a comprehensive and dynamic element of CHW programmes that needs to be well funded and professionalized (meaning that there is ongoing assessment of quality and continuous quality improvement). Training must be seen as much more than just pre-service training, but rather as ongoing iterative training. Training for effective CHW programmes also needs to be seen not only as training of CHWs but also as training the community, supervisors of CHWs, and others within the health system in order to help these stakeholders appreciate, understand, and make effective use of CHWs.
CHW roles will continue to change over time, and therefore ongoing and dynamic training updates will be an essential element of an effective CHW programme. This includes adding trainings for new evidence-based interventions and approaches in response to unmet, new, and emerging population health needs. Public health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, bring urgent further attention to the need for ongoing and responsive training of CHWs.
Availability of data and materials
All of the data and findings reported in this paper are from appropriately cited sources for from the personal experience of the authors and their colleagues.
Auxiliary nurse midwife
Accredited social health activist
Community health volunteer
Community health worker
Home-based neonatal care
Health extension worker
Human immunodeficiency virus
Integrated community case management (of childhood illness)
Maternal, neonatal, and child health
Sustainable Development Goals
Training of trainers
Women’s Development Army
Perry H, Zulliger R, Rogers M. Community health workers in low-, middle-, and high-income countries: an overview of their history, recent evolution, and current effectiveness. Annu Rev Public Health. 2014;35:399–421.
Freeman PA, Schleiff M, Sacks E, Rassekh BM, Gupta S, Perry HB. Comprehensive review of the evidence regarding the effectiveness of community-based primary health care in improving maternal, neonatal and child health: 4. Child health findings. J Glob Health. 2017;7: 010904.
Mishra SR, Neupane D, Preen D, Kallestrup P, Perry HB. Mitigation of non-communicable diseases in developing countries with community health workers. Glob Health. 2015;11:43.
Scott K, Beckham SW, Gross M, Pariyo G, Rao KD, Cometto G, Perry HB. What do we know about community-based health worker programs? A systematic review of existing reviews on community health workers. Hum Resour Health. 2018;16:39.
Gross K, Pfeiffer C, Obrist B. “Workhood’’’-a useful concept for the analysis of health workers’ resources? An evaluation from Tanzania.” BMC Health. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-12-55.
Kim K, Choi JS, Choi E, Nieman CL, Jou JH, Lin FR, Gatlin LN, Han H-R. Effects of community-based health worker interventions to improve chronic disease management and care among vulnerable populations: a systematic review. Am J Public Health. 2016. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302987a.
El Arifeen S, Christou A, Reichenbach L, Osman FA, Azad K, Islam KS, Ahmed F, Perry HB, Peters DH. Community-based approaches and partnerships: innovations in health-service delivery in Bangladesh. Lancet. 2013;382:2012–26.
Callaghan-Koru JA, Gilroy K, Hyder AA, George A, Nsona H, Mtimuni A, Zakeyo B, Mayani J, Cardemil CV, Bryce J. Health systems supports for community case management of childhood illness: lessons from an assessment of early implementation in Malawi. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13:55–55.
Ahmed SM, Hossain MA, RajaChowdhury AM, Bhuiya AU. The health workforce crisis in Bangladesh: shortage, inappropriate skill-mix and inequitable distribution. Hum Resour Health. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-9-3.
Lewin S, Munabi-Babigumira S, Glenton C, Daniels K, Bosch-Capblanch X, van Wyk BE, Odgaard-Jensen J, Johansen M, Aja GN, Zwarenstein M, Scheel I. Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of infectious diseases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;3:1–211.
Glenton C, Javadi D, Perry H. Community health workers at the dawn of a new era: 5. Roles and tasks. BMC Health Res Policy Syst. 2021;24–32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-021-00748-4.
Haines A, de Barros EF, Berlin A, Heymann DL, Harris MJ. National UK programme of community health workers for COVID-19 response. Lancet. 2020;395:1173–5.
Varghese J, Kutty VR, Paina L, Adam T. Advancing the application of systems thinking in health: understanding the growing complexity governing immunization services in Kerala, India. Health Res Policy Syst. 2014;12:47–47.
George A, Scott K, Garimella S, Mondal S, Ved R, Sheikh K. Anchoring contextual analysis in health policy and systems research: a narrative review of contextual factors influencing health committees in low and middle income countries. Soc Sci Med. 2015;133:159–67.
Sacks E, Swanson RC, Schensul JJ, Gleave A, Shelley KD, Were MK, Chowdhury AM, LeBan K, Perry HB. Community involvement in health systems strengthening to improve global health outcomes: a review of guidelines and potential roles. Int Q Commun Health Educ. 2017;37:139–49.
Kok MC, Kane SS, Tulloch O, Ormel H, Theobald S, Dieleman M, Taegtmeyer M, Broerse JEW, De Koning KAM. How does context influence performance of community health workers in low- and middle-income countries? Evidence from the literature. Health Res Policy Syst. 2015;13:13–13.
Huicho L, Dieleman M, Campbell J, Codjia L, Balabanova D, Dussault G, Dolea C. Increasing access to health workers in underserved areas: a conceptual framework for measuring results. Bull World Health Organ. 2010;88:357–63.
Crigler L, Fort AL, Diez OD, Gearon S, Gyuzalyan H. Training is not enough: factors that influence the performance of healthcare providers in Armenia, Bangladesh, Bolivia, and Nigeria. Perform Improv Q. 2006;19:99–116.
Rowe AK, Rowe SY, Peters DH, Holloway KA, Chalker J, Ross-Degnan D. Effectiveness of strategies to improve health-care provider practices in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6:e1163–75.
Cometto G, Ford N, Pfaffman-Zambruni J, Akl EA, Lehmann U, McPake B, Ballard M, Kok M, Najafizada M, Olaniran A, et al. Health policy and system support to optimise community health worker programmes: an abridged WHO guideline. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6:e1397–404.
Perry HB. 9ed. Health for the people: national community health programs from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe. https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00WKKN.pdf. Accessed 18 April 2021.
Tangcharoensathien V, Limwattananon S, Suphanchaimat R, Patcharanarumol W, Sawaengdee K, Putthasri W. Health workforce contributions to health system development: a platform for universal health coverage. Bull World Health Organ. 2013;91:874–80.
Pozo-Martin F, Nove A, Lopes SC, Campbell J, Buchan J, Dussault G, Kunjumen T, Cometto G, Siyam A. Health workforce metrics pre- and post-2015: a stimulus to public policy and planning. Hum Resour Health. 2017;15:14–14.
Hodgins S, Lewin S, Glenton C, LeBan K, Crigler L, Musoke D, Kok M, Perry H. Community health workers at the dawn of a new era: 1. Introduction and tensions confronting programs. BMC Health Res Policy Syst. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-021-00752-8.
Afzal M, Pariyo G, Perry H. Community health workers at the dawn of a new era: 2. Planning, coordination, and partnerships. BMC Health Res Policy Syst. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-021-00753-7.
Lewin S, Lehmann U, Perry H. Community health workers at the dawn of a new era: 3. Program governance. BMC Health Res Policy Syst. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-021-00749-3.
Masis L, Gichaga A, Lu C, Perry H. Community health workers at the dawn of a new era: 4. Program financing. BMC Health Res Policy Syst. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-021-00751-9.
Carpenter C, Musoke D, Crigler L, Perry H. Community health workers at the dawn of a new era: 7. Supervision. BMC Health Res Policy Syst. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-021-00754-6.
Colvin C, Hodgins S, Perry H. Community health workers at the dawn of a new era: 8. Incentives and remuneration. BMC Health Res Policy Syst. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-021-00750-w.
LeBan K, Kok M, Perry H. Community health workers at the dawn of a new era: 9. CHWs' relationships with the health system and the community. BMC Health Res Policy Syst. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-021-00756-4.
Kok M, Crigler L, Kok M, Ballard M, Musoke D, Hodgins S, Perry H. Community health workers at the dawn of a new era: 10. Program performance and its assessment. BMC Health Res Policy Syst. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-021-00758-2.
Perry H, Crigler L, Kok M, Ballard M, Musoke D, LeBan K, Lewin S, Scott K, Hodgins S. Community health workers at the dawn of a new era: 11. Leading the way to "Health for All". BMC Health Res Policy Syst. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-021-00755-5.
Crigler L, Glenton C, Hodgins S, LeBan K, Lewin S, Perry H. Developing and Strengthening Community Health Worker Programs at Scale: A Reference Guide for Program Managers and Policy Makers. Perry H ed. Washington, DC: USAID-MCHIP; 2014.
Health for the People: National Community Health Worker Programs from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe. Baltimore, MD: USAID and Maternal and Child Survival Program; 2020.
Aitken I. Training community health workers for large-scale community-based primary health care programs. In: Perry H, Crigler L, editors. Developing and strengthening community health worker programs at scale: a reference guide for program managers and policy makers. Washington, DC: Maternal and Child Health Integrated Programs/United States Agency for International Development; 2014. p. 9-1-9–24.
Scott K, Beckham S, Gross M, Pariyo G, Rao K, Perry H. The state-of-the-art knowledge on integration of community-based health workers in health systems: a systematic review of literature reviews. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021.
WHO. WHO guideline on health policy and system support to optimize community health worker programmes. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/275474/9789241550369-eng.pdf?ua=1. Accessed 18 April 2021.
O’Brien MJ, Squires AP, Bixby RA, Larson SC. Role development of community health workers: an examination of selection and training processes in the intervention literature. Am J Prev Med. 2009;37:S262-269.
Malik AU, Willis CD, Hamid S, Ulikpan A, Hill PS. Advancing the application of systems thinking in health: advice seeking behavior among primary health care physicians in Pakistan. Health Res Policy Syst. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4505-12-43.
Roberton T, Applegate J, Lefevre AE, Mosha I, Cooper CM, Silverman M, Feldhaus I, Chebet JJ, Mpembeni R, Semu H, et al. Initial experiences and innovations in supervising community health workers for maternal, newborn, and child health in Morogoro region, Tanzania. Hum Resour Health. 2015;13:19.
Kok MC, Vallières F, Tulloch O, Kumar MB, Kea AZ, Karuga R, Ndima SD, Chikaphupha K, Theobald S, Taegtmeyer M. Does supportive supervision enhance community health worker motivation? A mixed-methods study in four African countries. Health Policy Plan. 2018;33:988–98.
Henry JV, Winters N, Lakati A, Oliver M, Geniets A, Mbae SM, Wanjiru H. Enhancing the supervision of community health workers with whatsapp mobile messaging: qualitative findings from 2 low-resource settings in Kenya. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2016;4:311–25.
Zulu JM, Kinsman J, Michelo C, Hurtig A-K. Hope and despair: community health assistants’ experiences of working in a rural district in Zambia. Hum Resour Health. 2014;12:30–30.
Sennun P, Suwannapong N, Howteerakul N, Pacheun O. Participatory supervision model: building health promotion capacity among health officers and the community. Rural Remote Health [electronic resource]. 2006;6:440–440.
Denno DM, Hoopes AJ, Chandra-Mouli V. Effective strategies to provide adolescent sexual and reproductive health services and to increase demand and community support. J Adolesc Health. 2015;56:S22-41.
De Allegri M, Sanon M, Sauerborn R. “To enrol or not to enrol?”: A qualitative investigation of demand for health insurance in rural West Africa. Soc Sci Med. 2006;62:1520–7.
Nekoei-Moghadam M, Parva S, Amiresmaili BM. Health literacy and utilization of health services in Kerman Urban Area 2011. J Toloo-e-behdasht. 2013;11:123–34.
Kardanmoghadam V, Movahednia N, Movahednia M, Nekoei-Moghadam M, Amiresmaili M, Moosazadeh M, Kardanmoghaddam H. Determining patients’ satisfaction level with hospital emergency rooms in Iran: a meta-analysis. Glob J Health Sci. 2015;7:260–9.
Nekoei Moghadam M, Amiresmaili M, Sadeghi V, Zeinalzadeh AH, Tupchi M, Parva S. A qualitative study on human resources for primary health care in Iran. Int J Health Plan Manag. 2018;33:e38–48.
Sandiford P, Cassel J, Montenegro M, Sanchez G. The impact of women’s literacy on child health and it interaction with access to health services. J Demogr. 1995. https://doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000148216.
Catalani CE, Findley SE, Matos S, Rodriguez R. Community health worker insights on their training and certification. Prog Commun Health Partnersh. 2009;3:201–2.
Brown H, Green MA. At the service of community development: the professionalization of volunteer work in Kenya and Tanzania. Afr Stud Rev. 2015;58:63–84.
Scheil-Adlung X. Global evidence on inequities in rural health protection: new data on rural deficits in health coverage for 174 countries. International Labour Organization: Extension of Social Security; 2015.
Maes K, Kalofonos I. Becoming and remaining community health workers: perspectives from Ethiopia and Mozambique. Soc Sci Med. 2013;87:52–9.
Kenny A, Hyett N, Sawtell J, Dickson-Swift V, Farmer J, O’Meara P. Community participation in rural health: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13:1–8.
De Costa A, Diwan V. “Where is the public health sector?” Public and private sector healthcare provision in Madhya Pradesh, India. Health Policy. 2007;84:269–76.
Acharya SS. Access to health care and patterns of discrimination: a study of Dalit children in selected villages of Gujarat and Rajasthan. Child Soc Exclusion Dev. 2010;1:1–38.
Buchan J, Fronteira I, Dussault G. Continuity and change in human resources policies for health: lessons from Brazil. Hum Resour Health. 2011;9:17–17.
Ahmed SM, Hossain MA, Rajachowdhury AM, Bhuiya AU. The health workforce crisis in Bangladesh: shortage, inappropriate skill-mix and inequitable distribution. Hum Resour Health. 2011;9:3.
AbuAlRub RF, El-Jardali F, Jamal D, Iblasi AS, Murray SF. The challenges of working in underserved areas: a qualitative exploratory study of views of policy makers and professionals. Int J Nurs Stud. 2013;50:73–82.
El-Jardali F, Dimassi H, Jamal D, Tchaghchagian V. Comparing reasons for nurse migration against intent to leave Lebanon: a two-hosptial case study. Middle East J Nurs. 2009:26–33.
Sacks E, Alva S, Magalona S, Vesel L. Examining domains of community health nurse satisfaction and motivation: results from a mixed-methods baseline evaluation in rural Ghana. Hum Resour Health. 2015;13:81.
Bourgeault IL, Kuhlmann E, Neiterman E, Wrede S. How can optimal skill mix be effectively implemented and why? WHO Regional Office for Europe. 2008;1–23.
Daviaud E, Chopra M. How much is not enough? Human resources requirements for primary health care: a case study from South Africa. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86:46–51.
Buse K, Hawkes S. Health in the sustainable development goals: ready for a paradigm shift? Glob Health. 2015;11:13.
Mokwena K, Mokgatle-Nthabu M, Madiba S, Lewis H, Ntuli-Ngcobo B. Training of public health workforce at the National School of Public Health: meeting Africa’s needs. Bull World Health Organ. 2007;85:949–54.
Rowe LA, Brillant SB, Cleveland E, Dahn BT, Ramanadhan S, Podesta M, Bradley EH. Building capacity in health facility management: guiding principles for skills transfer in Liberia. Hum Resour Health. 2010;8:5–5.
Mash BJ, Mayers P, Conradie H, Orayn A, Kuiper M, Marais J. How to manage organisational change and create practice teams: experiences of a South African primary care health centre. Educ Health (Abingdon). 2008;21:132–132.
Kotecha J, Han H, Green M, Roberts S, Brown JB, Harris SB, Russell G, Webster-Bogaert S, Fournie M, Thind A, Reichert S. Influence of a quality improvement leanring collaborative program on team functioning in primary healthcare. Fam Syst Health. 2015;33:222–30.
Bracho A, Lee G, Giraldo G, De Prado RM, Latino Health Access Collective. Recruiting the heart, training the brain: the work of Latino health access. Berkeley, CA: Hesperian Health Guides; 2016.
Maes K. “Volunteers are not paid because they are priceless”: community health worker capacities and values in an AIDS treatment intervention in urban Ethiopia. Med Anthropol Q. 2015;29:97–115.
Huang W, Long H, Li J, Tao S, Zheng P, Tang S, Abdullah AS. Delivery of public health services by community health workers (CHWs) in primary health care settings in China: a systematic review (1996–2016). Glob Health Res Policy. 2018;3:18.
Uskun E, Ozturk M, Kisioglu AN, Kirbiyik S: Burnout and job satisfaction among staff in Turkish community health services. 2005; 10: P1–P7
Perry H, Morrow M, Borger S, Weiss J, DeCoster M, Davis T, Ernst P. Care groups I: an innovative community-based strategy for improving maternal, neonatal, and child health in resource-constrained settings. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2015;3:358–69.
Seward N, Neuman M, Colbourn T, Osrin D, Lewycka S, Azad K, Costello A, Das S, Fottrell E, Kuddus A, et al. Effects of women’s groups practising participatory learning and action on preventive and care-seeking behaviours to reduce neonatal mortality: a meta-analysis of cluster-randomised trials. PLoS Med. 2017;14:e1002467–e1002467.
Lassi Z, Haider B, Bhutta Z. Community-based intervention packages for reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality and improving neonatal outcomes. The Cochrane Collaboration 2010.
Baqui AH, Rosecrans AM, Williams EK, Agarwal PK, Ahmed S, Darmstadt G. NGO facilitation of a government community-based maternal and neonatal health programme in rural India: improvements in equity. Health Policy Plan. 2008;23:234–43.
Bang A, Bellad R, Gisore P, Hibberd P, Patel A, Goudar S, Esamai F, Goco N, Meleth S, Derman RJ, et al. Implementation and evaluation of the Helping Babies Breathe curriculum in three resource limited settings: does Helping Babies Breathe save lives? A study protocol. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014;14:116.
Bang AT, Baitule SB, Reddy HM, Deshmukh MD, Bang RA. Low birth weight and preterm neonates: can they be managed at home by mother and a trained village health worker? J Perinatol. 2005;25(Suppl 1):S72-81.
Bang AT, Bang RA, Baitule SB, Reddy HM, Deshmukh MD. Management of birth asphyxia in home deliveries in rural Gadchiroli: the effect of two types of birth attendants and of resuscitating with mouth-to-mouth, tube-mask or bag-mask. J Perinatol. 2005;25(Suppl 1):S82-91.
Bang AT, Reddy HM, Deshmukh MD, Baitule SB, Bang RA. Neonatal and infant mortality in the ten years (1993 to 2003) of the Gadchiroli field trial: effect of home-based neonatal care. J Perinatol. 2005;25(Suppl 1):S92-107.
Bang AT, Bang RA, Reddy HM, Deshmukh MD, Baitule SB. Reduced incidence of neonatal morbidities: effect of home-based neonatal care in rural Gadchiroli, India. J Perinatol. 2005;25(Suppl 1):S51-61.
Perry H, Akin-Olugbade L, Lailari A, Son Y. A comprehensive description of the three National Community Health Worker Programs and contributions to maternal and child health and primary health care: case studies from America (Brazil), Africa (Ethiopia) and Asia (Nepal). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; 2016.
Shrestha S. A conceptual model for empowerment of the female community health volunteers in Nepal. Educ Health (Abingdon). 2003;16:318–27.
Schwarz D, Sharma R, Bashyal C, Schwarz R, Baruwal A, Karelas G, Basnet B, Khadka N, Brady J, Silver Z, et al. Strengthening Nepal’s female community health volunteer network: a qualitative study of experiences at two years. BMC Health Serv Res. 2014;14:473.
Napier H, Mugeni C, Crigler L. Rwanda’s Community Health Worker Program. In: Perry H, editor. National Community Health Programs: descriptions from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe. Washington, DC: USAID/Jhpiego/Maternal and Child Survival Program; 2020. p. 320–44.
Exepmlars in Global Health. Overview: community health workers in Ethiopia. https://www.exemplars.health/topics/community-health-workers/ethiopia. Accessed 18 Apr 2021.
Damtew ZA, Schleiff M, Worku K, Tesfaye C, Lemma S, Abiodun O, Haile MS, Carlson D, Moen A, Perry H. Ethiopia: expansion of primary health care through the health extension program. In: Bishai D, Schleiff M, editors. Achieving health for all: primary health care in action. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2020. p. 180–98.
Ye-Ebiyo Y, Yayehyirad K, Yohannes AG, Girma S, Desta H, Seyoum A, Teklehaimanot A. Study on health extension workers: access to information, continuing education and reference materials. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2007;21:240–5.
Miller NP, Amouzou A, Tafesse M, Hazel E, Legesse H, Degefie T, Victora CG, Black RE, Bryce J. Integrated community case management of childhood illness in Ethiopia: implementation strength and quality of care. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014;91:424–34.
Teklu A, Alemayehu Y. National Assessment of the Ethiopian Health Extension Program. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: MERQ Consultancy PLC; 2019.
Aitken I, Arwal S, Edward A, Rohde J. The community-based health care system of Afghanistan. In: Perry H, editor. Health for the people: National Community Health Programs from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe. Baltimore, MD: USAID/Jhpiego; 2020. p. 23–41.
Rafiq MY, Wheatley H, Mushi HP, Baynes C. Who are CHWs? An ethnographic study of the multiple identities of community health workers in three rural districts in Tanzania. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019;19:712.
McCollum R, Gomez W, Theobald S, Taegtmeyer M. How equitable are community health worker programmes and which programme features influence equity of community health worker services? A systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:419.
Damtew Z, Lemma S, Zulliger R, Moges A, Teklu A, Perry H. Ethiopia’s Health Extension Program. In: Perry H, editor. Health for the people: National Community Health Programs from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe. Washingon, DC: USAID/Maternal and Child Survival Program; 2020. p. 75–86.
Quayyum Z, Khan MN, Quayyum T, Nasreen HE, Chowdhury M, Ensor T. “Can community level interventions have an impact on equity and utilization of maternal health care”—evidence from rural Bangladesh. Int J Equity Health. 2013;12:22.
Joardar T, Javadi D, Gergen J, Perry H. The BRAC Shasthya Shebika and Shasthya Kormi Community Health Workers in Bangladesh. In: Perry H, editor. Health for the people: national community health programs from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe. Washington, DC: USAID/Jhpiego/Maternal and Child Survival Program; 2020.
Sissine M, Segan R, Taylor M, Jefferson B, Borrelli A, Koehler M, Chelvayohan M. Cost comparison model: blended eLearning versus traditional training of community health workers. Online J Public Health Inform. 2014;6:196.
Campbell N, Schiffer E, Buxbaum A, McLean E, Perry C, Sullivan TM. Taking knowledge for health the extra mile: participatory evaluation of a mobile phone intervention for community health workers in Malawi. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2014;2:23–34.
WHO. WHO Recommendations: optimizing health worker roles to improve access to key maternal and newborn health interventions through task shifting. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/77764/1/9789241504843_eng.pdf. Accessed 18 Apr 2021.
Goudet S, Murira Z, Torlesse H, Hatchard J, Busch-Hallen J. Effectiveness of programme approaches to improve the coverage of maternal nutrition interventions in South Asia. Matern Child Nutr. 2018;14(Suppl 4): e12699.
Kavle JA, Landry M. Community-based distribution of iron-folic acid supplementation in low- and middle-income countries: a review of evidence and programme implications. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21:346–54.
Win Han O, Gold L, Moore K, Agius PA, Fowkes FJI. The impact of community-delivered models of malaria control and elimination: a systematic review. Malar J. 2019;18:269.
Orobaton N, Austin AM, Abegunde D, Ibrahim M, Mohammed Z, Abdul-Azeez J, Ganiyu H, Nanbol Z, Fapohunda B, Beal K. Scaling-up the use of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy: results and lessons on scalability, costs and programme impact from three local government areas in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Malar J. 2016;15:533.
Smith JM, Gubin R, Holston MM, Fullerton J, Prata N. Misoprostol for postpartum hemorrhage prevention at home birth: an integrative review of global implementation experience to date. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013;13:44.
Hobday K, Hulme J, Prata N, Wate PZ, Belton S, Homer C. Scaling up misoprostol to prevent postpartum hemorrhage at home births in mozambique: a case study applying the ExpandNet/WHO framework. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2019;7:66–86.
Kennedy CE, Yeh PT, Gaffield ML, Brady M, Narasimhan M. Self-administration of injectable contraception: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health. 2019;4: e001350.
Weidert K, Gessessew A, Bell S, Godefay H, Prata N. Community health workers as social marketers of injectable contraceptives: a case study from Ethiopia. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2017;5:44–56.
Sibley L, Sipe T, Barry D. Traditional birth attendant training for improving health behaviours and pregnancy outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;8: CD005460.
Patel A, Khatib MN, Kurhe K, Bhargava S, Bang A. Impact of neonatal resuscitation trainings on neonatal and perinatal mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2017;1: e000183.
Shukla VV, Carlo WA. Review of the evidence for interventions to reduce perinatal mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2020;7:2–8.
Tiruneh GT, Shiferaw CB, Worku A. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of home-based postpartum care on neonatal mortality and exclusive breastfeeding practice in low-and-middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19:507.
Rajput ZA, Mbugua S, Amadi D, Chepngeno V, Saleem JJ, Anokwa Y, Hartung C, Borriello G, Mamlin BW, Ndege SK, Were MC. Evaluation of an Android-based mHealth system for population surveillance in developing countries. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2012;19:655–9.
Perry HB, editor. Engaging communities for improving mothers’ and children’s health: reviewing the evidence of effectiveness in resource-constrained settings. Edinburgh, Scotland, UK: Edinburgh University Global Health Society; 2017.
Perry HB, Sacks E, Schleiff M, Kumapley R, Gupta S, Rassekh BM, Freeman PA. Comprehensive review of the evidence regarding the effectiveness of community-based primary health care in improving maternal, neonatal and child health: 6. strategies used by effective projects. J Glob Health. 2017;7: e010906.
Schleiff M, Kumapley R, Freeman PA, Gupta S, Rassekh BM, Perry HB. Comprehensive review of the evidence regarding the effectiveness of community-based primary health care in improving maternal, neonatal and child health: 5. equity effects for neonates and children. J Glob Health. 2017;7: e010905.
Prost A, Colbourn T, Seward N, Azad K, Coomarasamy A, Copas A, Houweling TA, Fottrell E, Kuddus A, Lewycka S, et al. Women’s groups practising participatory learning and action to improve maternal and newborn health in low-resource settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2013;381:1736–46.
Morrison J, Akter K, Jennings HM, Kuddus A, Nahar T, King C, Shaha SK, Ahmed N, Haghparast-Bidgoli H, Costello A, et al. Implementation and fidelity of a participatory learning and action cycle intervention to prevent and control type 2 diabetes in rural Bangladesh. Glob Health Res Policy. 2019;4:19.
Morrison J, Thapa R, Hartley S, Osrin D, Manandhar M, Tumbahangphe K, Neupane R, Budhathoki B, Sen A, Pace N, et al. Understanding how women’s groups improve maternal and newborn health in Makwanpur, Nepal: a qualitative study. Int Health. 2010;2:25–35.
NGO Advisor. Announcing the 2020 TOP 100 SPO/NGO. https://www.ngoadvisor.net/ngoadvisornews/announcing-the-2020-top-100-spo-ngo. Accessed 18 Apr 2021.
BRAC. BRAC: Who we are. http://www.brac.net/who-we-are. Accessed 18 Apr 2021.
Chowdhury A, Perry H. NGO contributions to community health and primary health care: case studies on BRAC (Bangladesh) and the Comprehensive Rural Health Project, Jamkhed (India). In: Oxford research encyclopedia in global health. New York: Oxford University Press; 2020.https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190632366.013.56. Available at https://oxfordre.com/publichealth/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190632366.001.0001/acrefore-9780190632366-e-56?rskey=vf7ygF. Accessed 18 Apr 2021.
Taylor D, Taylor C, Taylor J. Empowerment on an unstable planet: from seed of human energy to a scale of global change. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012.
Naimoli JF, Frymus DE, Wuliji T, Franco LM, Newsome MH. A Community Health Worker “logic model”: towards a theory of enhanced performance in low- and middle-income countries. Hum Resour Health. 2014;12:56–56.
Pigg SL. Acronyms and effacement: traditional medical practitioners (TMP) in international health development. Soc Sci Med. 1995;41:47–68.
Srivastava A, Gope R, Nair N, Rath S, Rath S, Sinha R, Sahoo P, Biswal PM, Singh V, Nath V, et al. Are village health sanitation and nutrition committees fulfilling their roles for decentralised health planning and action? A mixed methods study from rural eastern India. BMC Public Health. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2699-4.
Kitaw Y, Ye-Ebiyo Y, Said A, Desta H, Teklehaimano A. Assessment of the training of the first intake of health extension workers. Ethiopia J Health Dev. 2008. https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhd.v21i3.10053.
Nsibande D, Loveday M, Daniels K, Sanders D, Doherty T, Zembe W. Approaches and strategies used in the training and supervision of Health Extension Workers (HEWs) delivering integrated community case management (iCCM) of childhood illness in Ethiopia: a qualitative rapid appraisal. Afr Health Sci. 2018;18:188–97.
Scott K, George AS, Harvey SA, Mondal S, Patel G, Ved R, Garimella S, Sheikh K. Beyond form and functioning: understanding how contextual factors influence village health committees in northern India. 2017;1–17.
Scott V, Schaay N, Olckers P, Nqana N, Lehmann U, Gilson L. Exploring the nature of governance at the level of implementation for health system strengthening: the DIALHS experience. Health Policy Plan. 2014;29:59–70.
Dahn B, Tamire Woldemarian A, Perry HB, Maeda A, Panjabi R, Merchan N, Vosberg K, Palazuelos D, Lu C, Simon J, Brown D, Heydt P, Qureshi C. 2015. Strengthening primary health care through community health workers: investment case and financing recommendations. http://www.mdghealthenvoy.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/CHW-Financing-FINAL-July-15-2015.pdf. Accessed 18 Apr 2021.
Raeisi A, Tabrizi JS, Gouya MM. IR of Iran National Mobilization against COVID-19 epidemic. Arch Iran Med. 2020;23:216–9.
Lotta G, Wenham C, Nunes J, Pimenta DN. Community health workers reveal COVID-19 disaster in Brazil. Lancet. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31521-X.
Mc Kenna P, Babughirana G, Amponsah M, Egoeh SG, Banura E, Kanwagi R, Gray B. Mobile training and support (MOTS) service-using technology to increase Ebola preparedness of remotely-located community health workers (CHWs) in Sierra Leone. Mhealth. 2019;5:35.
Wiah SO, Subah M, Varpilah B, Waters A, Ly J, Ballard M, Price M, Panjabi R. Prevent, detect, respond: how community health workers can help in the fight against COVID-19. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2020/03/27/prevent-detect-respond-how-community-health-workers-can-help-fight-covid-19/. Accessed 18 Apr 2021.
Bearak M, Mogotsi B. South African is hunting down the coronavirus with thousands of health workers. https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/south-africa-is-hunting-down-coronavirus-with-thousands-of-health-workers/. Accessed 18 Apr 2021.
McPake B, Dayal P, Herbst CH. Never again? Challenges in transforming the health workforce landscape in post-Ebola West Africa. Hum Resour Health. 2019;17:19.
Goldfield NI, Crittenden R, Fox D, McDonough J, Nichols L, Lee Rosenthal E. COVID-19 crisis creates opportunities for community-centered population health: community health workers at the center. J Ambul Care Manag. 2020;43:184–90.
Goldfield N. Fitting Community-Centered Population Health (CCPH) into the existing health care delivery patchwork: the politics of CCPH. J Ambul Care Manag. 2020;43:191–8.
Elsevier Foundation. Amref Health Africa—Leap. https://elsevierfoundation.org/partnerships/health-innovation/amref-health-africa-leap/. Accessed 18 Apr 2021.
COVID-19 Digital Classroom. Quality-Assured COVID-19 Library of Resources for Community-Based Health Workers. https://covid-19digitalclassroom.org/. Accessed 18 Apr 2021.
We appreciate the work of many colleagues in providing the case examples described in this paper.
Dr. Perry’s contribution as well as publication expenses were supported in part by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Investment ID OPP 1197181) and by the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) of Jhpiego, funded by the United States Agency for International Development. The funders had no role in the conduct of our work.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Consent for publication
All coauthors declare that they have no competing interests.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
About this article
Cite this article
Schleiff, M.J., Aitken, I., Alam, M.A. et al. Community health workers at the dawn of a new era: 6. Recruitment, training, and continuing education. Health Res Policy Sys 19, 113 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-021-00757-3
- Community health worker
- Continuing education
- Health workforce | <urn:uuid:f090bf2b-d29b-443d-a2cc-3c185d2eb29a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://health-policy-systems.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12961-021-00757-3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.908047 | 17,863 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Manitoba company helps land Perseverance rover on Mars with high-speed camera
Camera from Minnedosa-based Canadian Photonic Labs used in landing on Red Planet last week
It's only about the size of a loaf of bread. But a high-speed, tough-as-nails camera created by a company in Minnedosa, Man., played an instrumental role in landing NASA's Perseverance rover on Mars last week.
"You could run over it, it could fall, you could throw it out your window. That's how tough they need to be," Canadian Photonic Labs president Mark Wahoski said of the camera used in the monumental landing on Feb. 18.
His company, based in the southwestern Manitoba town — population around 2,500 — manufactures high-speed cameras for industrial, scientific and military markets, according to its website.
It took years to design the Perseverance camera in a way that would allow it to withstand the planet's gravitational force — and snap images fast enough, Wahoski told host Marjorie Dowhos on CBC's Radio Noon on Friday.
"It's really hard to comprehend just how fast that is," he said. "They go anywhere from normal, 30 frames per second — like your cellphone camera — all the way up to 250,000 frames per second."
And the testing involved to make sure it's up to the task before it gets sent into space is just as complex.
One of the simulations involved sending a metal sled with rocket engines strapped on top of it down a five-mile railroad bed in California, Wahoski said.
Another saw a helicopter lift a parachute, tied to that same rocket sled, up thousands of feet in the air before sending the sled down the track.
"On one of the tests, they determined they had to make this particular part stronger. So without those tests, the lander probably would not make it," Wahoski said.
The Manitoba company's relationship with NASA dates back roughly 15 years, he said — but much of the work that's happened in that time has been cloaked in secrecy.
"A lot of it you can't speak about…. You do the test and you do the support and you move on to the next project," he said.
However, the attention around the Perseverance rover landing has been an exciting development, Wahoski said.
Once the landing finally happened, he said he had one word to describe how he felt: awesome.
"We had to just reflect back and say, 'Oh gee, yeah, we did some of that.'"
With files from Marjorie Dowhos | <urn:uuid:a0057ade-e888-4245-9ffa-6c64d0e7f01f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/mars-rover-perseverance-landing-minnedosa-manitoba-company-1.5930798 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.964794 | 547 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Brewing beer and making money at the same time! Starting your own brewery, however, requires ample financial capital.
For a complete picture of the cost of starting your brewery, read this article from nerdwallet.
How much does it cost to start a brewery in texas. The cost to start a microbrewery could reach up to $750,000 according to profitable venture. We notify license holders before they expire as a courtesy. There are basically three ways to go:
However, that's on the high end and by no means the rule. So how will you pay these costs and still have operating capital available to keep you going until you get cash flow from sales? Cost will depend on a myriad of factors.
Don’t forget to analyze the drinking trends in the community, as those would drastically influence your revenue. The bureau of labor statistics shows employment among. The cost to open a bar for this type usually runs around $20 thousand up.
Start a grape winery and also produce mead, maybe 25% of the mead on the market is made by a winery also producing grape wine. Tabc license and permit fees chart. Most microbreweries make less than 15,000 barrels a year, and some make only a few hundred.
Brewer’s permit or brewpub permit. These extra costs need to be planned as much as possible going into starting a brewery. The license and permit fee chart shows the total fee you pay when you apply for or renew a license or permit.
Say a beer bar in texas would generate more profits, compared to the same sized bar in a trendy nyc neighborhood. But, be prepared to take out a small business loan. But, as a good rule of thumb, plan on a standard $300k and $500k to start.
It’s important to roll with the punches. Set up a meadery and produce your own product. At the texas legislature’s direction, tabc updated fees on sept.
There are some basic differences in the licenses, they are as follows: Good quality stills have various price points based on your business model, bottles are about a dollar a piece, cork will set you back.10 cents to a dollar per cork but the most important part of. Starting your own brewery, however, requires ample financial capital.
Additionally, licensure and business registration can run upwards of $10,000 on their own. According to an article in the wall street journal,it costs roughly $450,000 to $800,000 to start a small brewery. marketing and selling new beer brands can take on additional costs. Remember that 1 barrel = 31 gallons = 320 12 oz glasses of beer.
Upfront costs such as securing a location, inventory, renovations, employees, and marketing will be the most expensive, sometimes totally $100,000 at minimum. Once you know how much it will actually cost to get you started, compare that with the funds you actually have. Find out what is needed to start a microbrewery in texas and what laws and regulations to follow to stay open.
Cost to start a brewery in texas. One of the key determinants of your investment and business plan will be how many barrels of beer you want to brew. License, bond, and permit fees;
A lot of the misconceptions come from a general lack of understanding on what the two main permits in texas are. Things break, a batch doesn’t turn out right, etc. However, there are many used equipment websites out there where you may be able to save some money.
Now, with some quick calculations scribbled on a napkin, you estimate that this pint of beer for which you just paid $5.00, if brewed on premise, could yield gross margins of up to 80% or 90%. The average cost to start a brewery depends on your desired business scale. There will always be surprises when running a brewery.
Our guide on starting a distillery covers all the essential information to help you decide if this business is a good match for you. If you have savings, that’s great. Sometimes there is a license fee, form, copies of.
Licenses and permits expire two years after the issue date. To operate a place brewing beer in texas, you will have to have one or the other permits; How much does it cost to start a brewery in texas.
As a home brewer of many years, you already know the cost savings of brewing your own. Starting your distillery with what you have. Depending on the size of your operation, you may need $500,000 or more to get your brewery up and running.
Then plan how you’ll make up any difference. Contract out the production of your mead (much lower start up costs). We also wish we knew how much money it really takes to start a brewery.
In addition to equipment and legal needs, marketing can be another substantial expense to be aware of. | <urn:uuid:a52c8188-de50-4c56-9605-c95aa8589204> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://seariderdivecenter.com/how-much-does-it-cost-to-start-a-brewery-in-texas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.952418 | 1,030 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Search engine optimization is essential to most websites. The industry is worth more than $70 billion a year, and it’s only going to grow. It has specialists, sub-specialists, thought leaders, dedicated publications, fantastically complex tools, and constant uncertainty at its heart. As Bob Dylan says, it’s just a shadow we’re all chasing.
All the more reason to stay sharp, no? Every tweak to major search engine algorithms sends shockwaves throughout the web. For those who don’t follow the SEO space it can be easy to lose track of the latest trends, authorities, and resources.
READ FULL ARTICLE ON THIS WEBSITE: https://www.smashingmagazine.com/smashing-guide-search-engine-optimization/ | <urn:uuid:866429fd-cddb-48a1-8e14-5bff5e87c876> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://arcosmultimediagroup.com/a-smashing-guide-to-the-world-of-search-engine-optimization/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.876272 | 163 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Many women want to know if they are menopausal and at what age does it start and stop, so they can prepare. Unfortunately, there is no ideal test that determines when menopause begins or when to expect it.
However there are a number of typical symptoms she can watch out for. There is a test known as the Follicle Stimulating Hormone test (FSH) that can help determine if someone is in menopause. But it doesn’t determine how long the symptoms are going to last and it is dependent on the communication (or lack thereof) between the ovaries and brain.
Historically women can look to their mothers, grandmothers, older sisters, and aunts to determine a pattern for menopause in the family but this is not always the case.
What are the common symptoms of menopause? There are a lot and some women experience them from time to time, all at once, or only a few. Some symptoms come and go while others remain for the entire duration.
It’s a definite time of transition and change. I remind my patients that they are a new person and cannot compare themselves to who they were in their teens, twenties and thirties. Everything is different.
You are entering menopause when ...
Your cycles start to change -- skipping months, coming every two weeks, and being overall unpredictable which is new.
Your bleeding becomes heavier and for more days than before.
You start to experience hot flashes, warm flushes, night sweats, and temperature changes.
Insomnia starts to become a problem -- you can’t fall asleep or stay asleep.
Memory (especially short-term) begins to challenge you.
Multi-tasking does not come as easy as it used to.
Abdominal weight gain creeps up into a muffin top that didn’t used to be there (or is getting worse).
Your skin changes -- it becomes drier or oilier.
Joints hurt more and you begin to feel stiffer than before.
Vaginal dryness that causes may cause irritation and pain with intercourse.
A decrease in your sex drive.
Do these symptoms last forever? Of course not, but they may hang around for several years even after your periods stop. Menopause can start as early as 40 years old and run through until 60 years old.
Sometimes the symptoms can feel overwhelming but you don’t have to suffer. Talk with your healthcare provider about options to support this process.
1) Menopause Age Related to When Mom Went Through It. Web. Web. 28 September 2011.
2) Menopause—What's It all about? Web. 28 September 2011.
Reviewed September 28, 2011
by Michele Blacksberg RN
Edited by Jody Smith | <urn:uuid:ed089fcd-84e3-48db-876e-acb9cb70a702> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.empowher.com/menopause/content/are-you-menopause-yet?allcomments=yes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.943302 | 616 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Portland State University. Department of Geography
Teresa L Bulman
Date of Publication
Master of Science (M.S.) in Geography
Vandalism -- Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area (Or. and Wash.), Rock paintings -- Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area (Or. and Wash.), Indians of North America -- Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area (Or. and Wash.) -- Antiquities
1 online resource (2, ix, 131 p.)
Archaeological sites in the New World are the fragile and non-renewable remains of cultures which flourished for thousands of years prior to European contact and displacement. Sites which escape the effects of erosion and development often fall victim to vandalism. Cultural resources, including rock art and other archaeological sites, are protected by state and federal laws which prohibit the removal or disturbance of the sites, whether from development or from vandalism. Vandalism is frequently seen as a problem for law enforcement rather than a problem for cultural resource management. Management plans which include cultural resource protection provisions and guidelines often focus on threats to cultural resources from development, and omit planning which targets vandalism. The rock art sites of the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area ("Scenic Area") have been affected by developments such as The Dalles Dam and by the vandalism. In this study, the nature and degree of vandalism to the rock art sites in the Scenic Area is considered in the context of public awareness of, and access to, these sites. Rock art sites which are easily located and which have been the focus of public awareness are hypothesized to be the most severely vandalized. To test this hypothesis, fifteen of the 44 rock art sites in the Scenic Area were selected for study, and were assessed for kind and degree of vandalism, and means and ease of access. The results of analysis yielded two statistically significant associations of variables which support the hypothesis: an association between vandalism and public awareness of sites, and an association between vandalism and the primary means of access. The analysis suggests that public awareness is one of the most important issues which land managers must address when designing cultural resource protection plans.
In Copyright. URI: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
Wilt, Julia J., "A Location Analysis of Vandalism to the Rock Art of the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area" (1993). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 4661. | <urn:uuid:da158fa6-61fd-41ac-af79-cadf3dcb87b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4661/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.926043 | 652 | 2.859375 | 3 |
In data sequences measured over space or time, an important problem is accurate detection of abrupt changes. In partially labeled data, it is important to correctly predict presence/absence of changes in positive/negative labeled regions, in both the train and test sets. One existing dynamic programming algorithm is designed for prediction in unlabeled test regions (and ignores the labels in the train set); another is for accurate fitting of train labels (but does not predict changepoints in unlabeled test regions). We resolve these issues by proposing a new optimal changepoint detection model that is guaranteed to fit the labels in the train data, and can also provide predictions of unlabeled changepoints in test data. We propose a new dynamic programming algorithm, Labeled Optimal Partitioning, and we provide a formal proof that it solves the resulting non-convex optimization problem. We provide theoretical and empirical analysis of the time complexity of our algorithm, in terms of the number of labels and the size of the data sequence to segment. Finally, we provide empirical evidence that our algorithm is more accurate than the existing baselines, in terms of train and test label error.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Statistics and Probability
- Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
- Computational Mathematics | <urn:uuid:46e9dac2-11c9-4c36-b6fb-e45d732b0d26> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://experts.nau.edu/en/publications/labeled-optimal-partitioning | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.884126 | 290 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Nationwide nursing shortage hitting Michiana
South Bend, Ind -- There is a nationwide nursing shortage.
Local nurses say that nationwide shortage is now affecting the Michiana area.
The shortage of nurses is affecting hospitals, clinics, and long term care centers.
When i asked Indiana University South Bend assistant dean of the nursing school Teresa Dobrzykowski when asked where is the shortage at its worst
“I would say probably the long-term care area which includes extended care facilities rehab facilities, hospices, and all of these areas have a true need for qualified nurse says IUSB assistant dean of the school of nursing Teresa Dobrzykowski”
The average age of a nurse is 50-years old and many will be retiring soon.
Healthcare centers in the area are making changes to help lessen the shortage and its impact.
Many hospitals offer signing bonuses and tuition reimbursement to attract people.
On top of those many incentives it can be a rewarding career.
“I want to say that with all of that i've been a nurse for 28-years -- it's the most wonderful profession. In very grateful to be a nurse and its a new and exciting profession even though it's an old profession” says Dobrzykowski
It is reported that by 2024 there will be a need for a million additional nurses nationwide.
Rural counties will see the biggest need for nurses. | <urn:uuid:841e8a83-b4a8-40eb-b8c8-bee23d724be0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.abc57.com/news/nationwide-nursing-shortage-hitting-michiana | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.960071 | 286 | 1.75 | 2 |
A tax rate of $0.4240 per $100 valuation has been proposed for adoption by the governing body of the City of Georgetown. This rate exceeds the lower of the effective or rollback tax rate, and state law requires that two public hearings be held by the governing body before adopting the proposed tax rate. The governing body of the City of Georgetown proposes to use revenue attributable to the tax rate increase for the purpose of growth in demand for services in planning, public safety, recreation and transportation.
|Proposed Tax Rate||$0.4240 per $100|
|Preceding Year’s Tax Rate||$0.4340 per $100|
|Effective Tax Rate||$0.3941 per $100|
|Rollback Tax Rate||$0.4284 per $100|
The effective tax rate is the total tax rate needed to raise the same amount of property tax revenue for the City of Georgetown from the same properties in both the 2015 tax year and the 2016 tax year.
The rollback tax rate is the highest tax rate that the City of Georgetown may adopt before voters are entitled to petition for an election to limit the rate that may be approved to the rollback rate.
Your taxes owed under any of the above rates can be calculated as follows:
Property tax amount = (rate) x (taxable value of your property) / 100
For assistance or detailed information about tax calculations, please contact:
You are urged to attend and express your views at the following public hearings on proposed tax rate:
August 9, 2016 at 6 p.m. at City Council Chambers, 101 E. Seventh Street, Georgetown, TX, 78626
August 16, 2016 at 6 p.m. at City Council Chambers, at 101 E. Seventh Street, Georgetown, TX, 78626
Go to the our financial reports section to view the FY2017 Proposed Budget to see a copy of the proposed City of Georgetown budget for the 2017 fiscal year, which starts on October 1, 2016.
Newspaper tax rate notices: | <urn:uuid:5ee0ebad-dd6e-4364-866e-dcbbd2c99541> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://georgetown.org/2016/08/01/notice-of-2016-proposed-property-tax-rate-for-city-of-georgetown/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.937815 | 432 | 1.773438 | 2 |
126 more deaths were recorded with 54 tallied in KwaZulu-Natal and 45 in Gauteng.
As of Tuesday, 22 September, 1 346 new cases of Covid-19 were identified in South Africa, bringing the total number of cases to 663 282.
The Department of Health reported 126 new Covid-19 related deaths:
- 54 from KwaZulu-Natal
- 45 from Gauteng
- 5 from North West
- 17 from Western Cape
- 5 from Eastern Cape
This brings the total number of Covid-19 related deaths to 16 118.The total number of tests conducted to date is 4 064 117 with 16 394 new tests conducted since the last report.
The country’s recoveries stands at 592 904, which translates to a recovery rate of 89.4%.
Notice: Coronavirus reporting by Kormorant in partnership with Caxton Local Media aims to combat fake news.
As your local news provider, we have the duty of keeping you factually informed on Covid-19 developments. As you may have noticed, mis- and disinformation (also known as “fake news”) is circulating online. Kormorant is determined to filter through the masses of information doing the rounds and to separate truth from untruth in order to keep you adequately informed. Kormorant follows a strict pre-publication fact-checking protocol. A national task team has been established to assist in bringing you credible news reports on Covid-19.
Readers with any comments or queries may contact Kormorant editor Deon van Huizen (email@example.com), National Group Editor Irma Green (firstname.lastname@example.org) or Legal Adviser Helene Eloff (email@example.com).
Read original story on reviewonline.co.za | <urn:uuid:d25e5a70-5385-480d-8d58-5beec719f76a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kormorant.co.za/1-346-new-covid-19-cases-brings-sas-total-to-663-282/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.915722 | 402 | 1.734375 | 2 |
The ones I speak of are the artists. For ease of writing I include under the title artists all of the painters, architects, sculptors, musicians, singers, actors and writers. These artists create works that last beyond their own lifetimes. Works that they pour a bit of themselves into. In one of my previous blogs I explained how the writer does this by transforming their secret selves into lies. Other artist may carry out this quest for immortality differently, but they all pull from that same place inside themselves and share it with the world.
Often the world misunderstand what it is being shown. The world changes over time and truths once universally known are lost. Pretty much everyone knows of the works of William Shakespeare, but knowing of them and truly understanding them are two different things. Most of Shakespeare’s plays are performed in Modern English. By doing so Shakespeare’s immortality is slowly fading into nothingness. For by performing them in the modern tongue and not in the original Early Modern English we are missing many of the truths that he tried to convey to us. The subtle yet intricate play on words, the rhymes and the jokes are lost.
So even the concept of immortality is a false dream. False dream or not we still strive to achieve it, but why? For even a short stint of immortality is far better than fading into nothingness when our time comes to an end. | <urn:uuid:4ca97812-3467-4754-ade1-8ed342f91b5b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dantecraddockauthor.com/dantes-blog/immortality | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.965002 | 282 | 2.296875 | 2 |
A basic Meditation Practice
Find a quiet place where you feel safe and will not be disturbed.
Use your phone or some other device to keep track of time, I suggest you start with just 5 or 10 minutes. I found that it really helps me to stay focused on my meditation practice if I use a set time instead of to decide to just meditate for a while. Without a set time, I have noticed that my thoughts wander much more often, I’m simply less focused.
You can sit down or lie down. Sitting is highly recommended by most experienced meditators, but for myself I have found that lying down sometimes helps me reach a much deeper and relaxed state. But there is the risk of falling asleep when I lie down. I would maybe start with sitting, and also try lying down a few times to see what works for you, and how you feel, everyone is different :)
Start by taking a couple of deep breaths. Pay attention to your body, how does it feel? Do you notice tension or pain somewhere? Are you clenching your jaw? Are your shoulders stiff? Notice and feel what is going on in your body, and breathe into those spaces where you feel tension, and breathe that tension out on the outbreath, consciously relaxing all those areas in your body that need it, softening them and relaxing them deeply.
Then, focus on your breath, notice how it flows in and out of your body in it’s gentle soft rhythm. Every time your attention wanders, gently bring it back to the soft rhythm of your breath. And your mind will wander, that is what it does. You may even forget you are meditating during your meditation, because your mind took you for a ride with thoughts about what you still need to do and the things you worry about. This is absolutely normal and to be expected. Through your meditation practice you will train your mind to take breaks, so you can relax and recharge. So each time your mind wanders and thoughts appear, there is no need to get upset or be disappointed with yourself, just gently acknowledge what has happened and bring your attention back to your breath. Keep doing this for as long as you have decided to meditate.
When the time is up, take a few deep breaths and stretch a bit if that feels good. Thank yourself for giving yourself the time to meditate and calm your mind and relax your body. | <urn:uuid:d3bf3bfa-9e0f-4eb3-854c-a0560cb507b3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://heartshapedlife.com/just-testing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.969237 | 493 | 2 | 2 |
The epidemiology and organic history of adult gliosarcomas (GSMs), aswell as treatment and patient factors connected with outcome, are ill defined. elements impacting general success, the prognosis for GSM shows up somewhat worse than for GBM (HR = 1.17, 95% CI, 1.05C1.31). GSM can be a uncommon malignancy that displays very much like GBM having a somewhat higher propensity for temporal lobe participation. Optimal treatment continues to be to become defined. Nevertheless, these retrospective results recommend tumor excision, instead of biopsy just, and adjuvant RT may improve result. Despite therapy, prognosis remains to be dismal and results may be inferior compared to those observed in GBM individuals. fashion wherein factors were entered in to the model with < 0.05 and eliminated if the significance of that variable exceeded = 0 subsequently.10. The validity from the proportional risks assumption was examined for each adjustable incorporated in to the last Cox versions using log-log success curves. No situations where this assumption had not been met were determined. SEER*STAT edition 6.3.5 (Surveillance Study Program, NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA) was utilized to extract case level data through the SEER public-use databases. All analyses had been carried out using the Statistical Bundle for the Sociable Sciences (SPSS, V14.0). Outcomes The scholarly research human population contains 16, 388 individuals identified as having GBM or GSM. GSM accounted for 353 individuals, or 2.2% of the population. Individual, tumor, and treatment features are shown in Desk 1. GBM and GSM are very identical; both malignancies have a tendency to occur in the display and seniors hook male predominance. Rabbit Polyclonal to IL18R In comparison to GBM, GSM comes with an obvious proclivity for the temporal lobe. Individuals with GBM tended to get less aggressive medical resection, with almost a quarter going through no cancer-directed medical procedures 360A IC50 (we.e., biopsy just) in comparison to significantly less than 10% of GSM individuals. Table 1 Individual, tumor, and treatment features Overall success for both cohorts can be demonstrated in Fig. 1. Obviously, the prognosis for both GBM and GSM can be poor, with median survivals of 9 and 8 weeks, respectively. Elements impacting general success for both cohorts had been examined, as well as the univariate evaluation is demonstrated in Desk 2. Unsurprisingly, age group at presentation, degree of resection, and adjuvant RT had been connected with GBM success significantly. Likewise, these three elements impacted GSM success. Age at demonstration also remained a substantial predictor of general success when examined as a continuing variable (data not really shown). A little impact of gender on general success was seen in both GBM and GSM, with males faring much better than females slightly. Similarly, bigger tumor size got a little, but significant statistically, impact on general success in the GBM cohort. The impact of tumor size on general success in GSM individuals was of similar, small magnitude. Nevertheless, given the very much smaller test size, this didn’t attain statistical significance. Tumor area do impact general success in both GBM and GSM individuals, but this effect was generally of little magnitude and limited by unusual sites of demonstration (e.g., ventricle). Kaplan-Meier general success curves for both GSM and GBM, reflecting the three factors most closely connected with success on univariate evaluation (age, degree of resection, and adjuvant RT make use of), are demonstrated in Figs. 2C4. To improve for postoperative mortality, the effect of adjuvant RT was reanalyzed using the exclusion of individuals who survived significantly less than 2 weeks after analysis (Fig. 4C and D). Exploratory analyses using alternative exclusion time factors (one month and three months) created similar outcomes (data not demonstrated). Fig. 1 Kaplan-Meier general success curves for GSM (solid range) and GBM (dashed range) individuals. Fig. 2 360A IC50 Kaplan-Meier overall success curves for GBM and GSM individuals by age group. (A) GSM individuals. (B) GBM individuals. (A, B) Solid solid range: 40 years; heavy dashed range: 40C49 years; slim solid range: 50C59 years; slim dashed range: 60C69 … Fig. 4 Kaplan-Meier general success curves for (A) GSM and (B) GBM individuals who received (solid range) and who didn’t receive (dashed range) adjuvant rays therapy. Similar Kaplan-Meier general success curves for (C) GSM and (D) GBM individuals who 360A IC50 received … Desk 2 Univariate evaluation of the effect of individual, tumor, and treatment elements on general success (hazard percentage 95% self-confidence intervals) Multivariate Cox proportional risks versions for GSM and GBM are demonstrated in Desk 3. Age, degree of resection, and adjuvant RT.
- Epistasis has been frequently observed in all types of mapping populations.
- Clinical research is normally burdened by complicated pathways, tiresome steps, many | <urn:uuid:670111c6-e9f7-4e21-9db7-4c225558c26b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://chenglilab.org/the-epidemiology-and-organic-history-of-adult-gliosarcomas-gsms-aswell-as/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.928817 | 1,100 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Spark Interview Questions
51. Define Spark architecture
Ans: Spark uses a master/worker architecture. There is a driver that talks to a single coordinator called master that manages workers in which executors run. The driver and the executors run in their own Java processes.
52. What is the purpose of Driver in Spark Architecture?
Ans: A Spark driver is the process that creates and owns an instance of SparkContext. It is your Spark application that launches the main method in which the instance of SparkContext is created.
· Drive splits a Spark application into tasks and schedules them to run on executors.
· A driver is where the task scheduler lives and spawns tasks across workers.
· A driver coordinates workers and overall execution of tasks.
53. Can you define the purpose of master in Spark architecture?
Ans: A master is a running Spark instance that connects to a cluster manager for resources. The master acquires cluster nodes to run executors.
54. What are the workers?
Ans: Workers or slaves are running Spark instances where executors live to execute tasks. They are the compute nodes in Spark. A worker receives serialized/marshalled tasks that it runs in a thread pool.
55. Please explain, how worker’s work, when a new Job submitted to them?
Ans: When SparkContext is created, each worker starts one executor. This is a separate java process or you can say new JVM, and it loads application jar in this JVM. Now executors connect back to your driver program and driver send them commands, like, foreach, filter, map etc. As soon as the driver quits, the executors shut down
56. Please define executors in detail?
Ans: Executors are distributed agents responsible for executing tasks. Executors provide in-memory storage for RDDs that are cached in Spark applications. When executors are started they register themselves with the driver and communicate directly to execute tasks.
57. What is DAGSchedular and how it performs?
Ans: DAGScheduler is the scheduling layer of Apache Spark that implements stage-oriented scheduling, i.e. after an RDD action has been called it becomes a job that is then transformed into a set of stages that are submitted as TaskSets for execution.
DAGScheduler uses an event queue architecture in which a thread can post DAGSchedulerEvent events, e.g. a new job or stage being submitted, that DAGScheduler reads and executes sequentially.
58. What is stage, with regards to Spark Job execution?
Ans: A stage is a set of parallel tasks, one per partition of an RDD, that compute partial results of a function executed as part of a Spark job.
59. What is Task, with regards to Spark Job execution?
Ans: Task is an individual unit of work for executors to run. It is an individual unit of physical execution (computation) that runs on a single machine for parts of your Spark application on a data. All tasks in a stage should be completed before moving on to another stage.
· A task can also be considered a computation in a stage on a partition in a given job attempt.
· A Task belongs to a single stage and operates on a single partition (a part of an RDD).
· Tasks are spawned one by one for each stage and data partition.
60. What is Speculative Execution of a tasks?
Ans: Speculative tasks or task strugglers are tasks that run slower than most of the all tasks in a job.
Speculative execution of tasks is a health-check procedure that checks for tasks to be speculated, i.e. running slower in a stage than the median of all successfully completed tasks in a taskset . Such slow tasks will be re-launched in another worker. It will not stop the slow tasks, but run a new copy in parallel.
- Spark Certification & Training Material
- Spark Interview Questions-1
- Spark Interview Questions-2
- Spark Interview Questions-3
- Spark Interview Questions-4
- Spark Interview Questions-5
- Spark Interview Questions-6
- Spark Interview Questions-7
- Cloudera (Hadoop/Data Engineer) Certification
- Hortonworks (BigData) Certifications
Home Spark Hadoop NiFi Java
1. Hortonworks® is a registered trademark of Hortonworks.
2. Cloudera® is a registered trademark of Cloudera Inc
3. Azure® is aregistered trademark of Microsoft Inc.
4. Oracle®, Java® are registered trademark of Oracle Inc
5. SAS® is a registered trademark of SAS Inc
6. IBM® is a registered trademark of IBM Inc
7. DataStax ® is a registered trademark of DataStax
8. MapR® is a registered trademark of MapR Inc.
2014-2017 © HadoopExam.com | Dont Copy , it's bad Karma | | <urn:uuid:c416f893-7365-4a8d-9cd2-9dcd39ec5a87> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://interview.hadoopexam.com/spark/spark-questions-6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.920699 | 1,068 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Battery electric vehicles and hybrid plug-in electric vehicles are considered critical technologies—especially in urban environments, where they address concerns about energy costs, energy independence and environmental damage, said Rajesh Uppal, director and founder of International Defense, Security & Technology, Inc.
Because of their various benefits, the transition to electric cars is imminent. But the speed of adoption remains debatable. Many bold claims have been made about when the tipping point will come. Some believe it will be no more than 10 years from now, while others are more cautious, citing 2040 as a target. As ground transportation in the United States electrifies, the impact on automotive lubricants will be significant.
According to government data, there are about 275 million passenger cars and light trucks on U.S. roads. For the past several years, annual new car and light truck sales have hovered around 16.5 million.
Those sales are partially offset by vehicles being removed from the market. About 15 million vehicles were scrapped last year in the U.S. Presently, the average age of cars and light trucks surpasses 12 years, and that number continues to increase. Further, vehicles 16 years old and older are becoming more common. IHS Markit estimates that these aged vehicles represented 35 million vehicles on the road in 2002 and are projected to account for 84 million by 2023.
Why are these old cars sticking around? Two factors weigh heavily. First, cars and light trucks are expensive. Statista reports that the average cost of a new car or light truck was $34,450 in 2016 and rose to $38,960 by 2020—a 13% increase over the period. The second factor is the increased quality and durability of modern vehicles. While 100,000-mile mechanical life was believed to be good fifty years ago, now this number is expected to be in the 200,000-250,000-mile range.
Transmission design has improved significantly, too. Fifty years ago, there were manual and automatic transmissions. Today, these are joined by dual clutch and constant velocity transmissions, which offer better fuel economy. Vehicles now are almost universally front-wheel drive and more light trucks (including sport utility vehicles) are sold than sedans or minivans.
“As the annual sale of BEVs reaches the 1.4 million mark by 2025, there will be more than 18 million electric cars in the U.S. alone,” said PolicyAdvice, an automobile insurance research group. “By that time, every BEV owner will expect to charge their vehicles at home and outdoors—hence the demand for a more robust charging infrastructure will grow as well.”
Supply Chain Woes Slow Adoption
EV battery costs continue to decrease, but recent materials supply issues have slowed progress. The federal government requires an eight-year minimum warranty on batteries. Most car manufacturers warrant them for 8-10 years. Currently, the cost of a new battery package after the warranty expires is $5,500.
These batteries are not what most people would envision. They are actually boxes with up to fifty individual cells that look a bit like a AA battery. The number of battery packs determines how many kilowatt hours are included.
Other more substantive concerns center on product availability and dependability. Are there enough vehicles available, and how long they can be expected to operate? As of last year, there were about 1.8 million electric vehicles registered in the U.S., according to the International Energy Agency. Both Ford and GM have announced major investments in BEVs. Certainly, production capabilities will increase but are currently hampered by the shortage of microchip and other electronic componentry.
E&E News reported that “the shortage is a result of pandemic-related constraints on supply chains and other factors, and it could prolong the world’s sluggish transition to electric vehicles if chips remain scarce in the coming months.”
Show Me the Money
Dependability of BEVs seems to be satisfactory, if not better than ICE vehicles. Consumer Reports noted that “lifetime fuel and maintenance costs for ICEs are greater than the purchase price. By contrast, BEVs have higher up-front purchase costs, but in the long run they save on operating expenses.” For instance, Tesla recommends transmission fluid changes every 150,000 miles or 12 years, while many ICEs with automatic transmissions require a refresh every 60,000-100,000 miles.
How much money can a BEV save over an ICE? When adjusted to account for federal incentives, BEVs depreciate at the same rate as ICEs in the same class over the first five years of ownership. BEVs are expected to cost less because electric motors and other drivetrain components have fewer moving parts than ICEs. The bottom line, according to a reliability survey of thousands of Consumer Reports members, is that BEV owners generally pay half as much as ICE owners for repairs and maintenance.
One issue that has limited BEV growth in the marketplace is driving range. ICE range is commonly reported as 350-400 miles. BEV range varies greatly but generally lies around 250 miles. Originally, there was concern that American drivers would be uncomfortable with the shorter ranges of BEVs. However, newer vehicles with more efficient and larger battery packs are pushing the range up. Projections are that a 95-kWh battery system could reach the 350-400 mile range.
The unexpected “Deep Freeze” in Texas in February 2021 highlighted another potential trap for BEVs. When temperatures drop too low, battery performance is substantially reduced. Xiaosong Hu, in an article written for Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, noted that ”the overall performance of traction batteries deteriorates significantly at low temperatures due to the reduced electrochemical reaction rate and accelerated health degradation, such as lithium plating.”
Internal battery resistance increases drastically at extreme conditions below 0 degrees Fahrenheit, causing a considerable decrease in power sourcing and sinking capabilities. When the battery is charged at extremely low temperatures, lithium plating at the surface of the anode occurs, resulting in significant capacity loss and even internal short circuits once the growing lithium dendrites pierce the battery separator, Hu said. A cold start-up is typically needed after parking an EV for a long period in cold weather. This results in performance degradation of 30%-40% in lithium-ion batteries and leads to a significant reduction of the driving range.
Infrastructure Comes Up Short
According to the Energy Information Agency, the U.S. produced 4.1 trillion kWh of electricity in 2020, 3.7 trillion kWh of which were sold to end use customers. The sources of electric generation were 60% fossil fuel, 20% nuclear and 20% renewables.
That amount of electricity would be insufficient to support widespread adoption of EVs. As of 2017, the U.S. had about 115,400 fuel delivery stations, according to Statista. While it seems logical that eventually these stations would convert to BEV charging stations, the truth is that electric delivery is much more complicated.
Electric generation is now leaning toward renewable sources. The largest of these is wind, followed closely by hydroelectric and solar. As the need for electricity to charge batteries grows, additional generation capacity will be needed. Wind and solar will most likely be the go-to solutions.
EV Lubricant Requirements
How will EV adoption affect the lubricants industry? A report in Electric Vehicles InSite noted that “electrification of the four-wheeler passenger vehicle fleet may affect the quantities of transmission fluids, greases and other types of lubricants used in automobiles, but the impact of electric vehicles on overall consumption can largely be distilled down to engine oils.” The rate at which BEVs enter the market will determine how quickly the U.S. market for engine oils declines.
Further, hybrid EVs will likely be an interim solution to the need for more fuel efficient, reduced emissions transportation. There will be a continuing need for traditional engine oils for these vehicles, albeit at lower volumes. Additionally, hybrid engine oils must have an increased load carrying feature, since it is likely that the engine will need to be started “on the fly” when the battery charge is exhausted. This will result in some shock loading on the engine.
EV lubricants will also need to have sufficient thermal and electrical properties. Base oil is an excellent insulator, and improved volatility properties, higher viscosity index and lower viscosity are all favored for EV applications. There will be room for such non-traditional base oils as biobased, synthetic (including Group III) and non-hydrocarbon base fluids, like silicone- or glycol-based chemistries.
There will be a need for additive chemistries that enhance load carrying properties without degrading electrical properties. Because there will be greater amounts of copper in EV motors, additive technologies that improve corrosion resistance will be needed. Because of the higher temperatures and the electrical environment, vapor space corrosion inhibition will be vital, too.
Selda Gunsel, vice president global commercial technology at Shell, said that additive innovation and technology developments that will improve the thermal and electrical properties of fluids, is required. Fluids that meet the specific needs of different drivetrain technologies are important, whether it is for hybrids or BEVs, with additive requirements dependent on unique EV hardware setups and the requirements of individual customers.
The lubricants for BEVs will be led by transmission and gear oils. The transmissions in BEVs are more like a two-speed gear box. Since there is no increase in loading as the motor winds up but rather a direct and instantaneous full load on the driveline and axle, there will be shock loading applied to the gears. That indicates that a gear oil-type EP lubricant may be more appropriate.
Beyond that, EV batteries need to be cooled, and antifreeze or some chemical variant will be needed. Grease for the wheel bearings and constant velocity transaxles will probably be similar to current products. Again, there will likely be improvements once a better understanding of the electric motor’s impact on these assemblies is understood. The specialized greases and oils used in such things as door locks will probably be the same as current applications.
Steve Swedberg is an industry consultant with over 40 years experience in lubricants, most notably with Pennzoil and Chevron Oronite. He is a longtime member of the American Chemical Society, ASTM International and SAE International, where he was chairman of Technical Committee 1 on automotive engine oils. He can be reached at email@example.com.
For more information about the interface between lubricants and the EV market visit Electric Vehicles InSite. | <urn:uuid:783eb102-c1c7-48b2-b039-576a1125e4ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lubesngreases.com/magazine/28_1/what-factors-are-swaying-ev-adoption-in-the-u-s/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.94771 | 2,196 | 3 | 3 |
The healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) occur in patients both in nosocomial environments and in community. % of situations) and surgical-site attacks (SSIs; 15.7 % of cases) [5,12,13]. The power of the microorganisms to develop developing biofilm makes the treatment of attacks more difficult and perhaps network marketing leads to its failing [14,15]. A biofilm is certainly a cellular set up of one or even more microorganisms encircled with a complicated self-produced polymeric matrix which typically includes components in the host, such as for example fibrin, immunoglobulins or platelets [16, 17, 18, 19]. This complicated encapsulating structure defends the microbial cells against the web host immune-response system and a niche site Veliparib dihydrochloride for the adhesion of various other bacterial cells [20, 21, 22]. Furthermore, antibiotics may not penetrate in to the biofilm levels, as well as the existence of characteristic drinking water channels in the biofilm matrix can determine a incomplete antibiotics leaking as well as a modification of the surroundings in the biofilm matrix that may antagonize the antibiotic actions [23, 24, 25]. Finally, systems of plasmid gene moving may conduce towards the starting point of resistant bacterial strains that may generate substances that antagonize the antibiotics inducing a reduced amount of their healing function [26,27]. Certainly, there are various technological evidences that bacterias living in an adult biofilm can tolerate antibiotics concentrations 10-1000 higher in comparison CD209 to planktonic bacterias [24,28,29]. Because of the cost-effective and scientific relevance of the subject, new approaches for the treating attacks due to the biofilm proliferation are unceasingly researched by Veliparib dihydrochloride researchers [30,31]. The data of the potential function of vitamin supplements as antibiofilm/antimicrobial agent isn’t latest. In 1999 Habash et al. looked into the function of supplement C in the reduced amount of adhesion of some uropathogens onto biomaterials used inside the urinary system . Newer studies hypothesized an identical function for supplement E. The ability of ssp. also to type biofilm onto different biomaterials combined with supplement E was looked into. Although not constant results have already been attained by different research due to the different methods used and different pathogens tested [1,33, 34, 35, 36]. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of vitamin E to reduce the biofilm formation for a larger panel of human pathogens, including and genus were further investigated. More precisely, the vitamin E was directly spread Veliparib dihydrochloride on a silicone catheter lumen to evaluate its influence around the bacterial colonization and biofilm formation. 2.?Strategies Ethical acceptance: the conducted analysis is not linked to either individual or animals make use of 2.1. Chemical substances Tryptic Soy Broth (Sigma Aldrich), blood sugar (Sigma Aldrich), supplement E (-Tocopheryl acetate) (96%, 0.95 g/ml, Sigma Aldrich), 96 well cell culture dish flat bottom Veliparib dihydrochloride (Orange Scientific), NaCl (Sigma Aldrich), methanol solution (for HPLC, 99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich), glacial acetic acid (99.85%, Sigma Aldrich), 2% crystal violet solution (in the Gram color kit Liofilchem). 2.2. Analyzed strains ATCC 29213, ATCC 12228, ATCC 11775, ATCC 700603, ATCC 29906, ATCC 19606, ATCC 27853 and ATCC 12633. 2.3. toxicity check The toxicity of supplement E was approximated through a microdilution assay as recommended by Tintino et al. with some adjustments . Analyzed bacterial strains had been harvested in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) and TSB with 1 and 2.5% glucose, at 37C every day and night. All civilizations were diluted towards the cell focus of 108 CFU/ml, and 100 ul serial dilutions had been ready in triplicates in the 96 well microtiter plates. Supplement E was put into the next wells at the number of final focus from 100 to 400 mg/ml, with focus increments of 100 mg/ml. Also, triplicates of different mass media and only had been prepared in dish wells as handles. The plates had been incubated at 37C every day and night and bacterial development was established plating correct dilutions from the bacterial civilizations on 1.8% agarose TSB by colony counting after a day Veliparib dihydrochloride of incubation. The best focus of supplement E that didn’t. | <urn:uuid:3f95fd6a-d535-4628-a613-1073b85ce3e0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://hudsonneurosciences.com/%EF%BB%BFthe-healthcare-associated-infections-hcais-occur-in-patients-both-in-nosocomial-environments-and-in-community/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.923623 | 1,007 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Federal health agencies in America have called for the rollout of the Johnson & Johnson (J&J) vaccine to be paused immediately due to some recipients developing rare blood clotting disorders within two weeks of being vaccinated. So far, nearly seven million people in the US have received shots of the J&J vaccine, which is not currently used in the UK. Six US recipients of the vaccine have developed disorders involving blood clots, all of them women aged 18-48. The New York Times has the story.
Federal health agencies on Tuesday called for an immediate pause in use of J&J’s single-dose coronavirus vaccine after six recipients in the US developed a rare disorder involving blood clots within about two weeks of vaccination.
All six recipients were women between the ages of 18 and 48. One woman died and a second woman in Nebraska has been hospitalised in critical condition. …
“We are recommending a pause in the use of this vaccine out of an abundance of caution,” Dr Peter Marks, Director of the Food and Drug Administration’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, and Dr Anne Schuchat, Principal Deputy Director of the CDC, said in a joint statement. “Right now, these adverse events appear to be extremely rare.”
While the move was framed as a recommendation to health practitioners in the states, the Federal Government is expected to pause administration of the vaccine at all federally-run vaccination sites. Federal officials expect that state health officials will take that as a strong signal to do the same.
Scientists with the FDA and CDC will jointly examine possible links between the vaccine and the disorder and determine whether the FDA should continue to authorise use of the vaccine for all adults or limit the authorisation. An emergency meeting of the CDC’s outside advisory committee has been scheduled for Wednesday.
While the majority of the US’s vaccine supply comes from other sources, it is expected that this pause could “substantially complicate” the nation’s vaccination efforts. The move comes after Europe’s medicines regulator announced last week that it was reviewing possible links between the vaccine and rare blood clots. The jab is expected to be approved for use in the UK “within days“, with 30 million doses having already been ordered by the Government.
J&J said the following in a news release:
We are aware that thromboembolic events including those with thrombocytopenia have been reported with Covid vaccines. At present, no clear causal relationship has been established between these rare events and the J&J Covid vaccine.
The New York Times’s article is worth reading in full.
Stop Press: The European rollout of the vaccine has now been paused, according to a statement released by Johnson & Johnson. The company said: “We have been reviewing these cases with European health authorities. We have made the decision to proactively delay the rollout of our vaccine in Europe.” | <urn:uuid:d972f773-7de9-4e2a-b7aa-8244f6508515> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dailysceptic.org/2021/04/13/us-calls-for-pause-on-johnson-johnson-vaccine-due-to-clotting-fears/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.963915 | 616 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Yield: 2 Servings
|3 cups||All-purpose flour|
|1 pack||Active dry yeast|
|1 \N||Beaten egg|
|3 tablespoons||Light cream or milk|
|1½ teaspoon||Ground cinnamon|
|2 cups||Thinly sliced peeled apple*; OR|
|2 cups||Sliced rhubarb; OR|
|2 cups||Sliced plums; OR|
|2 cups||Cottage cheese|
BH&G HERITAGE COOKBOOK
In large bowl mix 1½ cups flour and yeast. In saucepan heat ¾ cup milk, butter, ⅓ cup sugar, and salt just till warm (115-120), stirring constantly. Add to dry mixture; add 2 eggs. Beat at low speed of electric mixer ½ minute, scraping sides of bowl often. Beat 3 minutes at high speed. By hand, stir in remaining flour. Divide dough in half. With lightly floured fingers, pat into two greased 9 x 1 ½-inch round baking pans.
Cover; let rise till double (45 to 50 minutes). Combine the beaten egg and 3 tablespoons cream or milk. Stir in 1 cup sugar and cinnamon. (If cottage cheese is used, stir into sugar-cream mixture.) Arrange fruit atop risen dough. Carefully spoon suggar-cream mixture over fruit. Bake at 400 for 20 to 25 minutes. Cool slightly. Cut in wedges; serve warm.
* If desired, cook apple slices for 3 minutes in boiling water. Drain, then arrange atop dough.
Posted to MC-Recipe Digest by Nancy Berry <nlberry@...> on May 02, 1998 | <urn:uuid:7af88d64-8571-4054-8292-e76fc3932a3f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.astray.com/recipes/?show=Dakota-style+kuchen | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.726947 | 412 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Transfagarasan is one of the most famous roads in Romania and possibly in the entire world.
That’ why I want to help you understand all there is to know about Transfăgărășan and that you need to plan a road trip to see this beautiful road in Romania.
Transfagarasan: Seen by Romanians
Transfăgărășan became popular worldwide after the BBC Top Gear team came to Romania in 2009. Ever since the Transfăgărășan road in Romania is known as the best driving road (or at least one of the best) in the world.
As a Romanian, I can’t say I am really amazed by this statement, as I know about this great road since I was a child and I’ve been there many times. But even after all this time, it amazes me every time.
I’ve been there with my parents when I was only a child, and then I drove my own car on Transfăgărășan. I’ve been hiking in Făragaș Mountains, and the starting point is the highest point of the road, Balea lake.
After I’ve seen it from all sides, it still takes my breath away with every visit I pay. Simply said, for Romanians, Transfăgărășan is one of the best roads there is, and we are proud to have it our country.
As I imagine that you are not a Romanian, you probably have a lot of questions about Transfăgărășan, such as how was it made, and what can you do around it.
That’s why I want to share you some of the most interesting facts about Transfăgărășan, the best driving road in the world.
TIP: You’ll need a car to get here. Check out all rental companies on RentalCars and pick the best option for you.
Transfăgărășan Romania Facts
Transfăgărășan Romania name
The road is officially called national road 7C, but everyone knows it by the name of Transfăgărășan.
Regarded as Romania’s best road, in terms of scenery and location, Transfăgărășan gets its name from the mountains it crosses. Trans means across, and făgărășan refers to the Făgărăș mountains which the Transfăgărășan goes through. Note that Făgărăș mountains are the highest mountains in Romania and the hike for the two highest peaks in Romania start from the highest point on the Transfăgărășan.
Transfăgărășan is one of the main ways to drive from the south part of Romania to Transylvania.
Transfăgărășan Romania Construction
The best driving road in the world was built during the communist regime in Romania, and its construction started in 1969. There were two teams, each starting the construction of Transfagarasan from one side of the mountain. They met on the 16th August 1971, and you will find a monument to mark their encounter on the north side of the mountain, at 1600 meters altitude.
The entire road was finished in 1974 and paved in 1980. The alpine route has 833 bridges and 28 viaducts. In order to be built, Transfagarasan required three million tons of rock to be blown up, and they used 6520 TNT tons to do so.
Besides the hundreds of tons of materials, Transfagarasan also took the life of 40 people during its construction. There are two monuments placed along it to remind us of their sacrifice.
Transfăgărășan Romania Length
The total length of Transfăgărășan is 152 km, but only 90 km go through the mountains.
Transfăgărășan Romania Altitude
The best driving road in Romania has its highest point at Bâlea Chalet, where the altitude is 2042 meters.
Transfăgărășan Romania Weather and Temperature
Romania has a continental climate, and fortunately, that means that even mountain weather predictions are mostly reliable. The weather for Transfagarasan is generally pleasing during summer. Except for the highest point at Balea Lake, where the weather can be unpredictable, the rest of the Transfagarasan route is manageable.
During hot summer days, the temperature drops at around 10°C at its highest point (Balea Lake) during day time. That’s why it’s recommended to bring some warmer clothes if you want to stop for a longer time.
Transfăgărășan Romania Route
Transfagarasan has a length of 152 km, but most Romanians think about the most spectacular section of the road when talking about it. That is between Vidradu Lake and Cârţişoara village. That’s 85 km of Transfagarasan, and it will take a minimum of two hours to cross it.
Transfăgărășan Romania schedule and road conditions
Because Transfagarasan is a dangerous mountain road, the access is restricted to only six per year, between 30th June and 1st of November, between 6 am and 10 pm. The recommended speed is 40km/h. The road doesn’t have any protective elements or reflective signs, and it’s considered especially dangerous due to its many sharp curves, which present a high risk of falling off the road.
There are road signs indicating the exact conditions at the beginning of the road on each side.
During winter the road is covered with snow and it can’t be used. Some parts are also particularly dangerous due to the risk of avalanches during winter and falling rocks (all year round). During winter the road is closed between Piscu Negru (South) and Balea Cascada (North).
There is a cable car connecting “Bâlea Cascadă” Chalet to Balea Lake, which functions all year round. This is on the north side of the mountain. The road to “Bâlea Cascadă” Chalet is open all year round. Driving on the closed section during winter is forbidden, and the road is physically blocked. Also, there is a fine for those who attempt it. And even if you could somehow avoid the road obstacles, the tunnel which crosses the mountain at the highest point of the road is closed with a gate. That is if the entire thing isn’t covered in tons of snow.
Tips for visiting Transfagarasan during summer
Transfagarasan is the second highest road in Romania, after Transalpina, and one of the most popular touristic attraction for Romanian and foreign tourists. That’s why the Transfagarasan gets crowded on most summer weekends.
It gets even worse during public holidays when most people aren’t working. The road can get jammed with hundreds of cars, and the few parking options will be full. Such an experience can ruin what it should have been a wonderful day trip on Romania’s most spectacular road.
Plan your visit to Transfagarasan
After some bad experiences I had myself, here’re some tips to help you plan your visit to Transfagarasan:
- Arrive early, and you will be able to stop wherever you want and take all the pics you want. Early means 7 am.
- If possible, spend the night before in one of the villages close to the start of the spectacular part of the road (Arefu on the south side; Cârțișoara on the north side). This is highly recommended if you want to start a hike from Balea Lake.
- Bring some warmer clothes you can easily change into once you reach a higher altitude. It will be under 10 °C when the sun is not shining and even less during the night. And the real feel can be even below.
- Don’t plan to drive on Transfagarasan if you’re a beginner driver. It can overwhelm you, and the road isn’t for the faint of heart.
- Don’t overload your car. Not with luggage and not with people. You’ll understand why once you start ascending on Transfagarasan.
- Check out the webcam from Balea Lake to get a sense of the weather conditions. (It works all year round.)
- Going from North to South might be better if you plan to spend more time on the Transfagarasan. The Southside has more sun as the sun sets, whereas the Northside is in the shades after 1 pm, and it gets colder.
- Make sure you have a full tank of gas, there’s a distance of over 120km between the two gas station on each side and the road is more challenging than a flat road. That means that our car will have a higher consumption rate than usual.
- The sunrise is at 8 30 am during summer and then it starts to get cold after 5 pm, as the sun rays don’t reach all parts of the road.
- Don’t pick up any Edelweiss flowers. And don’t buy any from the souvenirs vendors, in case they sell them. It’s illegal to pick them up and you can get finned. Also, the entire world will hate you for doing so.
- Don’t leave any trash behind. What belongs to the mountain, stays on the mountain. Everything else must go the same way it came.
Transfagarasan, Romania: Things to See and Do
Transfagarasan is the main attraction in itself. The views are spectacular, even if you don’t want to stop for pictures. The driving experience on the Romanian Transfagarasan is one of a kind.
And if that isn’t enough, there are many viewpoints and famous stops along the Transfagarasan, which might be interesting for a first time visitor. Just to name a few:
- Vidraru Dam and Lake
- Capra Chalet (at 1585 m altitude, and 9 km before Balea Lake). They have accommodation and a restaurant.
- The longest mountain tunnel in Romania, the one before Balea Lake. It’s 887 meters long and situated at over 2000 meters altitude.
- Balea Lake. At the highest point of Transfagarasan, you will find Balea Lake, which is a glacial lake. Next to it is Balea Chalet, which offers accommodation and also has a restaurant. There is also another chalet, Paltinu Chalet, which is newer construction. During summer, the entire area gets crowded with tourists, and many streets vendors sell food and other traditional souvenirs.
- Balea Lake is the starting point for the hiking trails towards the two highest peaks in Romania. You can park your car near the lake and start the hike from there. These are full-day hikes.
- The two monuments for the men who built Transfagarasan: “Poarta Geniștilor” (The gate for the and “Poarta Întâlnirii”.
Transfagarasan Hiking Trails
Did you know some people come to Romania with the primary goal to hike in the Romanian mountains? Well, if you are a mountain lover, you will understand why.
Transfagarasan is not only a scenic road, but it is also a convenient way to get as close as possible to the highest mountain peaks in Romania:
- Moldoveanu Peak (2544m) and
- Negoiu Peak (2535m).
Although other trails can get you to the summit, Balea Lake is one of the most common starting point for both these hikes. They are in opposite directions, so you will have to decide which one you want to conquer right from the beginning.
Bear in mind that the trail to Moldoveanu Peak from Balea Lake and back is a 14h hike, and most people make that trail in two days, with a stop on the first day at Podragu Chalet. Some finish it in one day, but it is not recommended, especially if the weather is bad and your fitness level isn’t above average.
The trail from Balea Lake to Negoiu Peak and back is a one-day hiking trail and can be done in about 8 hours, at a leisure pace. I did it in one day, and after I got off the mountain, I drove all the way to Bucharest. I wouldn’t recommend driving before or after these trails, but it’s possible.
Transfagarasan Hotels and Restaurants
Where can you stay on Transfagarasan? Note that it is custom that most hotels also have a restaurant, so most likely you can stop for lunch at most of these hotels on Transfagarasan.
There are many chalets and homestays that will welcome you, even without a reservation. During summer, when it’s the peak season, most hotels with mountain views tend to be fully booked, so bear that in mind if you plan a trip on Transfagarasan and you want to spend a night around.
It’s cheaper to stay somewhere in the villages than in the touristic hotels with great views. As always, you pay (a lot) extra for the location.
Here are some recommended hotels on the Transfagarasan:
- Budget accommodation: Livada cu Meri, Pensiunea Bujor de Munte, Piscu Negru- La insule
- Mid-range accommodation: Complex Dracula & Spa, Casa Mosului, Cabana Capra (great location if you want to hike), Piscul Negru Hotel – Transfagarasan
- Expensive accommodation: Hotel Posada Vidraru
Transfagarasan vs Transalpina
Some will say Transfagarasan is the best road in Romania, while others will argue that Transalpina is the ultimate alpine road. And they are all right. It’s a matter of personal preferences.
While Transfagarasan is a winding spectacular road between Romania’s highest peaks, Transalpina is the highest road, built on the mountain’s ridge. Both roads offer spectacular views, and both are pretty dangerous, and I wouldn’t recommend them to a beginner driver.
If you decided to check out Transfagarasan while visiting Romania, I have a better idea for you. Why not check out the two best roads in Romania during the same trip?
Planning a road trip in Romania can be a lot of fun. If you’re aiming to see more of Transylvania, then you can consider driving on Transfagarasan on your way towards Transylvania and then checking out Transalpina on the way back to Bucharest. Or vice versa. The only recommendation would be to treat these roads as attraction and to plan your schedule accordingly. | <urn:uuid:e7ba768a-d9d7-4a48-9d0f-b660b39a8714> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://juliasomething.com/transfagarasan-road-romania/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.949764 | 3,358 | 1.585938 | 2 |
A Class of 2015 graduate from The Episcopal School of Dallas, Christina Gordon was recently one of 10 named to Richmond Inno Under 25's 2021 list. Gordon, a Virginia Commonwealth University doctoral student in dentistry, developed the Proxy-Flosser to help people with braces clean their teeth. The Proxy-Flosser idea came from Gordon's real-life experiences. She used $10,000 from the VCU Commercialization Fund to develop the prototype and was one of five to receive funding.
This is not Gordon's first time to use her experience to help others. In ninth grade at ESD, she launched Friendsinkneed.com to encourage and support fellow student-athletes recovering from injuries.
Gordon published Finding Hope: A Dog's Tale her junior year. On a fun note, she read her book to the (then) fourth-grade Class of 2022 as part of their Texas history study! Read more about her book here.
Proud of you, Eagle! | <urn:uuid:322e1415-0524-440c-8c45-f93043967245> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://parkcities.bubblelife.com/community/episcopal_school_of_dallas_1/library/35669253/key/355525550/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.963576 | 200 | 1.71875 | 2 |
by Kerry Hansen
Feng shui is a tradition that originated in ancient China. It is the practice of being mindful of the spaces in the home to create a more peaceful and nourishing life.
Feng shui is a tradition that originated in ancient China. It is the practice of being mindful of the spaces in the home to create a more peaceful and nourishing life. The goal is to harmonize individuals with their surrounding environment through spatial arrangement and orientation to optimize the flow of energy. Energy flow, also known as Chi is the life force that runs through each individual and their space. Chi means energy or air. In feng shui, ensure that the five elements, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water, and Wood interact in harmony with each other and maintain the flow of energy. Chi, like all energy, is constantly evolving, shifting, and flowing. It cannot be created or destroyed and should be able to flow freely around and through the home.
Energy enters the home through the front door. Energy should move freely through the entry. This area should be brightly lit, clean, and free of clutter. The door represents communication and is a portal for opportunities. All doors in the home should open to 90 degrees and be in working order with a functioning doorbell. For energy to move freely, the main door should not open into a wall. Ideally, front and back doors and windows should not be directly in line with one another because it can cause chi to escape. Windows symbolize the eyes of the adults in the home and the voice of children. Clean windows regularly. Clean windows allow you to see the world clearer. Keeping them clean and clear will let in more sunlight which energizes the space and renders all colors more vibrant. Fresh air and natural light are essential. Open windows to allow for this.
Get a feel for the space, feel the energies and their effects by setting focus on the senses when planning a room. If a designer is hired, make sure to include pieces that are meaningful to you, pieces that you have chosen. Keep the home free from clutter. This isn’t so much about de-cluttering as it is about making space. Remove items that are old or no longer necessary. Letting go creates space to invite in fresh opportunities.
Letting go creates space to invite
in fresh opportunities.
Keep key pieces of furniture, the ones that are occupied the most in a commanding position. Command position is one of the most important concepts in feng shui. It means that a person’s back is never facing towards a door. The sofa and bed, for example, should be as far from the main entrances as possible and have a solid wall behind them for support. These pieces should always be out of line with the path of the doorway where energy is flowing in.
Base color choices off of the five elements. Each element represents a certain type of energy. Bring that into the home by incorporating and balancing their colors. Color is one of the easiest ways to incorporate feng shui into the home. The colors of wood and water represent prosperity. Add shades of fire to invite passion, liveliness, and boldness to a room. Bring in the green earth to create a sense of peace and calm. The colors of Metal range from bright whites to light gray or pastels and represent clarity, precision, simplicity, joy, and integrity.
Here are some tips for every room in the house.
The entry should be brightly lit. It should be clean and free of clutter. All doors in the home should open to 90 degrees and should be in working order with a functioning doorbell.
Ensure that every person in the home has a seat and configure them in the commanding position. Incorporate color from the five elements. Connect and ground the family by placing a rug in the center of the room. Invite growth into the home by incorporating house plants. They also increase wellness and kindness.
The kitchen is an important part of the home and a symbol of wealth. To keep the energy positive and active, the kitchen stove should be used at least once per day. Be sure to keep it clean and in good repair. Take the time to regularly dispose of expired food in the pantry and refrigerator. Keep the countertops free of gadgets. Colors like yellow or white are excellent choices for the kitchen because they are bright and clean. House plants, like aromatic potted herbs, add fresh energy to the kitchen.
Keep the dining room table free of clutter. If this area is used for other purposes throughout the day, make sure to clear it off before mealtime and use it regularly for meals. According to the principles of feng shui, doing so will attract new friendships into your life. Add energy to this room with fresh flowers.
Bedrooms are one of the three most important parts of the home, also known as the trinity. The trinity includes the bedroom, kitchen, and bathroom. These rooms have a profound effect on wellbeing, both emotional and mental. They also affect wealth, creativity, and fertility.
Following these basic feng shui principles will bring balance to the room thereby helping to create a quiet place or sanctuary to retreat to. Use subdued harmonious colors. When possible, place your bed in the commanding position against a solid wall. The main door to the bedroom should not be in line with the bed. Keep the bed away from the window. The head of the bed should never be under a window. Make sure that the headboard is securely fastened to the bed. The headboard should also be solid with no slats or cutouts. This represents stability in marriage and relationships. Remove anything stored underneath it. Ideally, it is completely open allowing air to circulate freely. The bedroom is strictly for rest. Never set up a desk in the bedroom. Workspaces should be kept separate from the resting place.
Place your desk in the command position using a chair that has a back. A desk chair with a back provides more support and represents support in career endeavors. Make sure there are at least three feet of space for the chair to move away from the desk.
A bathroom is a place that has the potential to suck energy from other rooms of the house. Keep the bathroom mirror clean so it reflects clearly. Place a house plant on top of the toilet to balance the downward water energy with upward life energy. Plants can also cleanse the space of bad chi. Keep the toilet seat shut when not in use. Fix any leaks and keep the bathroom fresh and organized.
Orderly closets and dressers are a very good thing in feng shui. Having closets and dressers that leave a little open space allows room for new energy and lets the universe know that new opportunities are welcome here. Regularly declutter and donate anything that is no longer needed. Sweep out any dust that may have accumulated in the hidden corners.
Like other areas of the home, keep hallways well lit and clear of clutter. It should be easy to walk through the hallway. Having objects in a hall that need to be maneuvered around, represents obstacles in our lives. | <urn:uuid:9351662d-2d81-484e-a142-f4f609582c43> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.chiefarchitect.com/blog/feng-shui/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.946251 | 1,484 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Due to the pandemic situation we faced for quite a few months, it’s not easy for the academic structure to work the way it used to work before. As all things nowadays have become digital, the digital market has taken an important place in our new way of living. Everything from booking a car, making reservations, or giving a test online is done through online means. With the use of digital means one can easily complete their work without any sort of hindrance. As due to the current situation the education system is facing the biggest challenge, so online testing platform has been extremely helpful.
Through the use of one’s device one can give an online test, as due to the situation it is not possible for the people to travel a long journey to complete their test. If a person has gadgets like laptop, tab or mobile phone they can easily complete their education by being seated at home. In the current scenario the online methods are increasing quickly due the facilities we get through the online process. Online exams have given a new way to the educational system and therefore even the academic people are accepting the online methods.
Benefits of online examinations
- Decreased the burden: – while holding the examination a university has to go through many arrangements which are to be for holding an exam. They have to invest a certain amount of money for the preparation of any sort of exams, invigilators are to be selected to keep an eye through exams, question papers are to be printed, answer sheets are to be arranged, an extra amount of time is wasted on such arrangements. Here online exams decrease the burden of extra charges faced by the examination holder. A university can hold online exams, with no extra cost and not much need of manual power which can be cost efficient and helpful for the university.
- Ease of access to isolated places: – There are many such areas from where it is not at all easy for the people to travel all the way for the exams. Most of the time there are tendencies where they almost miss their important exams. By the means of the online exams one has an opportunity to sit in their exams from any remote place. One just has to take care of a good internet connection to be available in the online examinations.
- Extremely amenable: – As while preparing for the exams vast quantities of syllabus are to be kept in mind. Considering all the important things for the examination the online exams are executed in such a way it can be easily accessible by the students preparing for it. The main benefit of the online exams is that a student doesn’t need to invest much in just one computer with the facility of a webcam and a good quality of internet connection is required which can be easily handled by the student.
- Multiple question types are available: – While preparing for exams that are conducted online one can easily make their preparation as the exams hold MCQs, where we come through varieties of question types. Selected famous types kind of questions are fill in the blanks, long answers, short answers, coding, and check boxes and so on. Thereby due to the numerous kinds of questions it will be exceedingly easy for the students to take their time and complete the exam. One can increase an immense amount of knowledge in them by applying the proper method of question answering.
- Online grade system: – When the examinations are held practically, faculty members need to check all the answer sheets manually, which creates an extra burden for the faculty member. By making the use of this methodology the answers are auto corrected, and the grades are given online. At times faculty members even show partiality to their dear ones. But in the case of online exams, as it is not manually done, everything is computerized. Sometimes when a student achieves less marks than other classmates they start feeling inferiority complex, but with online means one doesn’t need to go through such issues.
- Use a comfort zone: – As it is an online exam, one doesn’t need to stick to one place, they can give their exams by comfortably taking a seat in their eased environment. So, this brings a sense of relief to the students as they can relax and attempt the examination without their nervousness of sitting in an examination hall empowering them.
- Machine Driven test setup implements: – After the set of questions are sanctioned, the authorities can easily select the apt questions from it and prepare a question paper or they can also set the question paper with the help of various test setup implements mechanically.
How is the examination conducted?
- The test taking atmosphere is created and the question papers are uploaded in it by the test operator.
- Majority of candidates are set in one platform, furthermore the time and date of a specific exam are decided, and after that the links are provided to all the candidates, for any other instructions mails are sent. The instruments and guidelines are strictly to be followed by the candidates.
- The candidates can login by using the direct links given to them. Then the test starts, the proctors are there to keep a check on the candidates, either human proctors or device based proctors are there throughout the test.
- After the submission of the test paper one can get automated results through which they can check their rankings.
Thus online examination tests provide tremendous advantage to the candidates. The best feature of the online examination is that it is extremely convenient to the candidates as well as the faculty conducting exams since it saves time, energy and money. The results are also quick, one does not need to wait long for them. Online examination has provided a new direction for the educational system, and by applying it one has been more benefited rather than the practical examinations. | <urn:uuid:39f67a68-6d9e-4d70-806c-cd86a69b7039> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fullpcsoftware.com/major-impact-of-online-examination-and-testing-platform/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.960386 | 1,156 | 2.375 | 2 |
One typically thinks of ghost towns being worn relics from the 19th Century or of earlier time periods. However, in the case of Glenrio, New Mexico/Texas, the town was founded, prospered, and died during a narrow time span within the 20th Century.
As the images within this post depict, all that remains of this one-time Rock Island railroad stop and Route 66 venue are decaying buildings, dusty streets, and echoes of the past. The final deathblow to the border-straddling town of Glenrio came when Interstate 40 bypassed it in 1975.
Despite the town’s forlorn legacy, history buffs, Route 66 travelers, and the curious still exit the highway and stop here for a brief glimpse back in time to see the abandoned remains of Glenrio and perhaps reminisce about days gone by. Glenrio is of particular interest to me because I passed through here on a cross-country road trip to Disneyland with my parents and brother several years prior to the Interstate bypassing the town.
Visitors may also be treated to faint echoes of the Dust Bowl era, of America’s western migration, of mid-century Route 66 roadside businesses serving locals and travelers alike, and other unique aspects of life in a dusty small town situated on the rugged High Plains.
An important historical and archeological aspect about Glenrio is how it contains a nicely concentrated collection of mid-century travel-related buildings (a diner, cafe, motel, and several former service stations). As a child of the mid-20th Century, I would like to see more of this era being preserved for posterity by local, state, federal, and charitable entities.
Wouldn’t it be wonderful if the states of New Mexico and Texas, the various Route 66 preservation groups, the National Trust for Historic Preservation, and the National Park Service could work in unison to preserve and protect Glenrio? Otherwise, the ravages of time, weather, and circumstance will eventually obliterate a great opportunity to tell a uniquely 20th Century story of American settlement, travel, and change. Peace!
If you find these aspects of American history to be interesting, here are a couple of books available through Amazon.com* that may be of interest.
*A small commission is earned from purchases that are made using these links to Amazon. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. | <urn:uuid:84aa6587-2abe-4df0-a3a2-66c2a45d0a79> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://panethos.wordpress.com/2021/06/15/echoes-from-a-20th-century-ghost-town-glenrio-nm-tx/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.954862 | 496 | 2.296875 | 2 |
The German industrial giants Siemens and Evonik have launched a joint project to build and run a test plant to make valuable chemicals from water and waste carbon dioxide using bacteria — a process known as artificial photosynthesis.
The test plant, which is currently under construction, will be based at Evonik’s site in Marl, Germany, and will be run purely on renewable energy.
Germany’s Federal Ministry of Education and Research has contributed €3.5M to help build the plant, which is due to begin operations in early 2020 and run until 2021. After this point the success of the experiment will be assessed and the future of the plant decided.
The project, named Rheticus II, builds on work the two collaborators did in an earlier iteration called Rheticus I. In the earlier project, Siemens and Evonik worked on developing the technology to perform ‘artificial photosynthesis’ — essentially using energy to produce chemicals from carbon dioxide and water in a similar way to plants.
The process used in Rheticus II first converts carbon dioxide and water into carbon monoxide and hydrogen using an electrolyzer. The second step involves specialized microbes in a bioreactor that can convert the hydrogen and carbon monoxide byproducts into different chemicals. Siemens has contributed its expertise by developing the specialized electrolyzers and Evonik has developed the bacterial strains and the bioreactor.
“The innovative technology used for Rheticus has the potential to contribute to the success of Germany’s energy transition,” said Thomas Haas who is responsible for the Rheticus project at Evonik.
“In the future, this platform could be installed anywhere CO2 is available — for example, at power plants or biogas plants.”
The test plant includes an 8 meter-high bioreactor with a capacity of 2,000 liters to house the microbes and the world’s first automated carbon dioxide electrolyzer. These two sections will soon be combined, as well as an additional unit to extract the desired chemicals.
Initially, the test plant will focus on producing butanol and hexanol, used as a starting point for making some plastics and food supplements. But the company stated that varying the bacterial strain and conditions in the plant could allow a variety of different chemicals to be produced in the future.
Images via Evonik | <urn:uuid:d09ea2c3-8cde-48fd-82ea-7d5140367b68> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cannabinoidssales.com/evonik-siemens-launch-artificial-photosynthesis-driven-chemical-plant/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.937873 | 503 | 3.4375 | 3 |
December 24, 2016 marks the 25th anniversary of the formal end of the Soviet Union as a political entity on the map of the world. A quarter of a century ago, the curtain was lowered on the 75-year experiment in “building socialism” in the country where it all began following the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, led by Vladimir Lenin in November 1917.
Some historians have estimated that as many as 200 million people worldwide may have died as part of the 20th century dream of creating a collectivist “paradise on earth.” The attempt to establish a comprehensive socialist system in many parts of the world over the last 100 years has been one of the cruelest and most brutal episodes in human history. Making a new “better world” was taken to mean the extermination, liquidation, and mass murder of all those who the socialist revolutionary leaders declared to be “class enemies,” including the families and even the children of “enemies of the people.”
The Bloody Road to Making a New Socialist Man
The evil of the Soviet system is that it was cruelty for a purpose.It has been calculated by Russian and Western historians who had limited access to the secret archives of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the KGB (the Soviet secret police) in the 1990s that as many as 68 million innocent, unarmed men, women, and children may have been killed in Soviet Russia alone over those nearly 75 years of communist rule in the Soviet Union.
The evil of the Soviet system is that it was not cruelty for cruelty’s sake. Rather, it was cruelty for a purpose – to make a new Soviet man and a new Soviet society. This required the destruction of everything that had gone before and entailed the forced creation of a new civilization, as conjured up in the minds of those who had appointed themselves the creators of this brave new world.
In the minds of those like Felix Dzerzhinsky, Lenin’s close associate and founder of the Soviet secret police, violence was an act of love. So much did they love the vision of the blissful communist future to come that they were willing to sacrifice all the traditional conceptions of humanity and morality to bring their utopia to fruition.
Thus, in a publication issued in 1919 by the newly formed Soviet secret police, the Cheka (later the NKVD and then the KGB), it was proclaimed:
We reject the old systems of morality and ‘humanity’ invented by the bourgeoisie to oppress and exploit the ‘lower classes.’ Our morality has no precedent, and our humanity is absolute because it rests on a new ideal. Our aim is to destroy all forms of oppression and violence. To so, everything is permitted, for we are the first to raise the sword not to oppress races and reduce them to slavery, but to liberate humanity from its shackles ...
Blood? Let blood flow like water! Let blood stain forever the black pirate’s flag flown by the bourgeoisie, and let our flag be blood-red forever! For only through the death of the old world can we liberate ourselves from the return of those jackals.
Death and Torture as Tools of Winning Socialism
The famous sociologist Pitirim A. Sorokin was a young professor in Petrograd (later Leningrad, and now St. Petersburg) in 1920, as the Russian Civil War that firmly established communist rule in Russia was coming to its end. He kept an account of daily life during those years, which he published many years later under the title Leaves from a Russian Diary – and Thirty Years After (1950).
Here is one of his entries from 1920:
The machine of the Red Terror works incessantly. Every day and every night, in Petrograd, Moscow, and all over the country the mountain of the dead grows higher ... Everywhere people are shot, mutilated, wiped out of existence ...
Every night we hear the rattle of trucks bearing new victims. Every night we hear the rifle fire of executions, and often some of us hear from the ditches, where the bodies are flung, faint groans and cries of those who did not die at once under the guns. People living near these places begin to move away. They cannot sleep ...
Getting up in the morning, no man or woman knows whether he will be free that night. Leaving one’s home, one never knows whether he will return. Sometimes a neighborhood is surrounded and everyone caught out of his house without a certificate is arrested ... Life these days depends entirely on luck.
This murderous madness never ended. In the 1930s, during the time of the Great Purges instituted by Soviet dictator Josef Stalin to wipe out all “enemies of the revolution” through mass executions, millions were sent to the Gulag prisons that stretched across all of the Soviet Union to be worked to death as slave labor to “build socialism.”
Before being sent to their death or to the forced labor camps, tens of thousands would be interrogated and cruelly tortured for confessions of non-existent crimes, imaginary anti-Soviet conspiracies, and false accusations against others.
Stalin personally sent instructions to the Soviet secret police that stated that to obtain confessions from the accused, “the NKVD was given permission by the Central Committee [of the Communist Party] to use physical influence … as a completely correct and expedient method” of interrogation.
When Stalin was told that this method was bringing forth the desired results, he told the NKVD interrogators, “Give them the works until they come crawling to you on their bellies with confessions in their teeth.” Then, in another purge, this one after World War II, Stalin simplified the instructions even more: “Beat, beat and, once again, beat.”
Thousands of the victims wrote letters to Stalin from their exile and hardships in the labor camps, all of them were persuaded that it had all been a terrible mistake. If only the great and good Comrade Stalin knew, he would set it all right and they would be freed and restored as good, loyal Soviet citizens ready to once again work to “build socialism.”
Stalin’s Personal Hand in Building Socialism through Blood
But Stalin knew. He personally signed off on tens of thousands of death warrants and orders for tens of thousands more to be sent to their horrifying fate in the Gulag camps.
Dmitri Volkogonov, a Soviet general-turned-historian, gained access to many of the closed Soviet archives in the 1980s and wrote a biography of Stalin, titled Triumph and Tragedy (1991), meaning Stalin’s “triumph” to power and the resulting “tragedy” for the Soviet people. Volkogonov told a Western correspondent at the time:
I would come home from working in Stalin’s archives, and I would be deeply shaken. I remember coming home after reading through the day of December 12, 1938. He signed thirty lists of death sentences that day, altogether about five thousand people, including many he personally knew, his friends ...
This is not what shook me. It turned out that, having signed these documents, he went to his personal theater very late that night and watched two movies, including “Happy Guys,” a popular comedy of the time. I simply could not understand how, after deciding the fate of several thousand lives, he could watch such a movie.
But I was beginning to realize that morality plays no role for dictators. That’s when I understood why my father was shot, why my mother died in exile, why millions of people died.
Soviet central planning even had quotas for the number of such enemies of the people to be killed in each region of the Soviet Union, as well as the required numbers to be rounded up to be sent to work in the labor camps in the frigid wastelands of the Siberia and the Arctic Circle or the scorching deserts of Soviet Central Asia.
A Russian lawyer who had access to some of the formerly closed Soviet archives of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the 1990s said at the time,
Recently I read a Central Committee document from 1937 that said the Voronezh secret police, according to the ‘regional plan,’ repressed in the ‘first category,’ nine thousand people – which means these people were executed. And for no reason, of course.
Twenty-nine thousand were repressed in the ‘second category – meaning they were sent to labor camps. The local first secretary [of the Communist Party], however, writes that there are still more Trotskyites and kulaks who remain ‘unrepressed.’
He is saying that the plan was fulfilled but the plan was not enough! And so he asked that it be increased by eight thousand. Stalin writes back, ‘No increase to nine thousand!’ The sickness of it. Its’ as if they were playing poking [and upping the ante in tragic human lives].
The Victims of Socialism Literally Reduced to Burnt Ash
In the last years of the Soviet Union, a Russian historian took New York Times correspondent David Remnick to the Donskoi Monastery in Moscow, which was used in the 1930s as a burial ground for the thousands regularly killed on Stalin’s orders in the capital of the Red Empire. In his book Lenin’s Tomb: The Last Days of the Soviet Empire (1993), Remnick told what the Russian historian explained:
See this gate? ... Well, every night trucks stacked with bodies came back here and dumped them in a heap. They’d already been shot in the back of the head – you bleed less that way ... They stacked the bodies in old wooden ammunition crates.
The workers stoked up the underground ovens – right in through the doors – to about twelve thousand degrees centigrade. To make things nice and official they even had professional witnesses who counter-signed the various documents.
When the bodies were burned they were reduced to ash and some chips of bone, maybe some teeth. They then buried the ashes in a pit ... When the purges [of the 1930s] were at their peak ... the furnaces worked all night and the domes of the churches were covered with ash. There was a fine dust of ash on the snow.
The Kalitnikovsky Cemetery in Moscow also served as a dumping ground for thousands of tortured and executed bodies in the 1930s. That same Russian historian told David Remnick,
In the purges, every dog in town came to this place. That smell you smell now was three times as bad; blood was in the air. People would lean out of their windows and puke all night and the dogs howled until dawn. Sometimes they’d find a dog with an arm or a leg walking through the graveyard.
Enemies of Socialism Sent to Torture in the Mental Ward
The nightmare of the socialist experiment, however, did not end with Stalin’s death in 1953. Its form merely changed in later decades. As head of the KGB in the 1970s, Yuri Andropov (who later was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union after Leonid Brezhnev’s death in 1982), accepted a new theory in Soviet psychiatry which said opposition to the socialist regime was a sign of mental illness.
Why? Because only the mentally disturbed would resist the logic and the truth of Marxian dialectical determinism and its “proof” that socialism and communism were the highest and most humane stage of social development. Those who criticized the system or wanted to reform or overthrow the Soviet socialist regime were mentally sick and required psychiatric treatment.
In his book Russia and the Russians (1984), former Moscow correspondent for the Washington Post Kevin Klose told the story of Alexei Nikitin, a coal mine worker who complained to the Soviet government about the safety and health environment in the mines of the Soviet Union. He was arrested, tried, and found guilty of subversion and committed to a Soviet mental institution.
Various drugs were prescribed as a treatment to bring him to his proper socialist senses. Explained Kevin Klose:
Of all the drugs administered [at the mental institution] to impose discipline, sulfazine stood at the pinnacle of pain ... ‘People injected with sulfazine were groaning, sighing with pain, cursing the psychiatrists and Soviet power, cursing with everything in their hearts,’ Alexei told us. ‘The people go into horrible convulsions and get completely disoriented. The body temperature rises to 40 degrees centigrade [104 degrees Fahrenheit] almost instantly, and the pain is so intense they cannot move from their beds for three days. Sulfazine is simply a way to destroy a man completely. If they torture you and break your arms, there is a certain specific pain and you somehow can stand it. But sulfazine is like a drill boring into your body that gets worse and worse until it’s more than you can stand. It’s impossible to endure. It is worse than torture, because, sometimes, torture may end. But this kind of torture may continue for years.’
Sulfazine normally was ‘prescribed’ in a ‘course’ of injections of increasing strength over a period that might last up to two months ... The doctors had many other drugs with which to control and punish. Most of them eventually were used on Alexei ... At the end of two months, Nikitin was taken off sulfazine but regular doses of ... other disorienting drugs continued the entire time he was imprisoned.
The significance of these accounts is not their uniqueness but, rather, their monotonous repetition in every country in which socialism was imposed upon a society. In country after country, death, destruction, and privation followed in the wake of socialism’s triumph. Socialism’s history is an unending story of crushing tyranny and oceans of blood.
Socialism as the Ideology of Death and Destruction
As the Soviet mathematician and dissident Igor Shafarevich, who spent many years in the Gulag slave labor camps for his opposition to the communist regime, said in his book The Socialist Phenomenon (1980):
Most socialist doctrines and movements are literally saturated with the mood of death, catastrophe, and destruction ... One could regard the death of mankind as the final result to which the development of socialism leads.
That 20th-century socialism would lead to nothing but this outcome was understood at the time of the Bolshevik victory in Russia. It was clearly expressed by the greatest intellectual opponent of socialism during the last 100 years, the Austrian economist, Ludwig von Mises. Near the end of his famous 1922 treatise Socialism: An Economic and Sociological Analysis, Mises warned that
Socialism is not in the least what is pretends to be. It is not the pioneer of a better and finer world, but the spoiler of what thousands of years of civilization have created. It does not build, it destroys. For destruction is the essence of it. It produces nothing, it only consumes what the social order based on private ownership in the means production has created ... Each step leading towards Socialism must exhaust itself in the destruction of what already exists.
When voices are once again heard calling for socialism – even by a recent candidate for the Democratic Party nomination for US President or on university campuses around the country – it is important, no, it is crucial, that the history and reality of socialism-in-practice in those parts of the world where it was most thoroughly imposed and implemented, as in the Soviet Union, be remembered and fully understood. If we do not, well, history has its own ways of repeating itself. | <urn:uuid:8cbf7ce3-2488-490e-b226-e47d2e61c4b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fee.org/articles/the-25th-anniversary-of-the-end-of-the-soviet-union/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.974022 | 3,251 | 2.5 | 2 |
Florence produced rainfall exceeding 10 inches across much of southeastern and south- central North Carolina and northeastern South Carolina, with totals exceeding 20 inches from the North Carolina-South Carolina border eastward across southeastern North Carolina, especially along and to the right of the track of the …
How high was the storm surge in Hurricane Florence?
Thousands of downed trees caused widespread power outages to nearly all of eastern North Carolina. The historic legacy of Hurricane Florence will be record breaking storm surge of 9 to 13 feet and devastating rainfall of 20 to 30 inches, which produced catastrophic and life-threatening flooding.
How many inches of rain did Wilmington NC get from Hurricane Florence?
Some of the largest rainfall totals were measured in Elizabethtown, where nearly 3 feet of rain fell, Hampstead and areas south of Wilmington measured over 29 and 30 inches, respectively. Overall, most locations in southeastern North Carolina saw between 15-20 inches of rain.
Why was Hurricane Florence so bad?
Hurricane Florence was a powerful and long-lived Cape Verde hurricane that caused catastrophic damage in the Carolinas in September 2018, primarily as a result of freshwater flooding due to torrential rain.
How much rain did Hurricane Dorian drop?
Rainfall and Flooding
While Dorian moved near the coasts of South Carolina and North Carolina, the hurricane produced significant rainfall, with a peak of 15.21 inches measured at Pawleys Island, South Carolina (Fig. 10).
Is a Category 1 hurricane worse than a Category 5?
To be classified as a hurricane, a tropical cyclone must have one-minute-average maximum sustained winds at 10 m above the surface of at least 74 mph (Category 1). The highest classification in the scale, Category 5, consists of storms with sustained winds of at least 157 mph.
Where did Hurricane Florence hit the hardest?
The hardest hit areas included New Bern, Newport, Belhaven, Oriental, North Topsail Beach and Jacksonville, along with portions of Carteret County. Florence also produced extensive wind damage along the North Carolina coast from Cape Lookout southwestward across Carteret, Onslow, Pender, and New Hanover counties.
What was the last hurricane that hit Wilmington North Carolina?
The most recent storm to affect the state was Hurricane Florence. Florence made landfall at Wrightsville Beach on September 13, 2018.
How many have died in Hurricane Florence?
Officially, 59 people died due to Hurricane Florence, though it’s likely the true death toll was higher. Roll over a dot to learn more about each recorded case.
What is the hurricane prediction for 2020?
An above-normal 2020 Atlantic hurricane season is expected, according to forecasters with NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center, a division of the National Weather Service. The outlook predicts a 60% chance of an above-normal season, a 30% chance of a near-normal season and only a 10% chance of a below-normal season.
Is it safe to ride out a Cat 1 hurricane?
The good news is that hurricanes give plenty of warning. … It might be hard to imagine what hurricane-force winds are capable of if you’ve never experienced them firsthand. You could face: Category 1 — roof and siding damage, downed tree limbs, power outages lasting several days.
Is a Cat 1 hurricane that bad?
Hurricane with sustained wind speeds of 74 mph to 95 mph are classified as Category 1 strength. Category 1 hurricanes can cause damage to unanchored mobile homes and signs. … Trees can also be severely damaged by Category 1 hurricane winds, with large branches breaking and some trees being completely uprooted.
Why is the Saffir Simpson Scale bad?
The central problem with the Saffir-Simpson scale is that — as its full name clearly states — it measures only wind. It doesn’t capture such threats as coastal storm surge and heavy rainfall or say anything about the size of a hurricane.
What was the strongest hurricane?
Currently, Hurricane Wilma is the strongest Atlantic hurricane ever recorded, after reaching an intensity of 882 mbar (hPa; 26.05 inHg) in October 2005; at the time, this also made Wilma the strongest tropical cyclone worldwide outside of the West Pacific, where seven tropical cyclones have been recorded to intensify …
When was the last Category 5 hurricane?
|Name||Dates as a Category 5||Sustained wind speeds|
|Irma||September 5–9, 2017 †||180 mph (285 km/h)|
|Maria||September 18–20, 2017 †||175 mph (280 km/h)|
|Michael||October 10, 2018||160 mph (260 km/h)|
|Dorian||September 1–2, 2019||185 mph (295 km/h)|
Why was Hurricane Dorian difficult?
The head of the National Hurricane Center, Ken Graham said, “Dorian’s forecast was extremely difficult because we were tracking three centers.” One early track for Dorian had it crossing over Hispaniola where high mountains were expected to tear the storm apart. Another showed it heading toward Florida. | <urn:uuid:d83476a3-311f-4989-b5d1-fcdb076b93f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dreamingsophiabook.com/travelers/how-many-inches-of-rain-did-hurricane-florence.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.950414 | 1,065 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Every industry, every sector of every industry, every business is faced with the challenge of selling their product, selling it in an ever increasing and competitive business landscape. No matter the industry, no matter the product or service, good or bad, critical need or silly fluffery, it must be sold and sold well.
As we enter 2020, you will find books upon books, programs upon programs, training systems upon training systems, unique languages and symbols, motivational messages and materials … all by the truckload about sales.
For almost thirty years now, that is just what I have been doing, studying the magic of sales in all these different industries and then attempting to bring what I have learned back to gaming to use it to create a fully-functioned, complete “sales program” for casinos that sell the gaming experience to avid experienced players all across the globe. And when I started, I was sure that the most prevalent and significant thing I would encounter was the mystery of selling, the magic, the psychology. How do you entice someone to buy a product they did not even know existed twenty minutes ago?
How do you maneuver someone into purchasing something that costs more than their monthly salary? What is the magic formula to not only keep someone on the phone when you cold call them at dinner, but get them so excited they just can’t wait to pull out their credit card to buy your wonderful product? Selling must be about these things, about psychology, and manipulation, the magic of persuasion and negotiating techniques and smooth-talking pitchmen and women. Right?
Forget all that mumbo-jumbo, selling is about … MATH!
That’s right. It starts and ends with math. Oh don’t get me wrong, the rest of that stuff is important too. You must be likable (as an individual and a company or product) for people will generally not buy from those they don’t like. Persuasive techniques, getting inside the customer’s mind and understanding how they think and what is important to them, player psychology and product knowledge, yes these are all important to the art of selling. But without the math you are like a blind man trying to understand color by learning the science of photons and prisms. You may understand it, but you still won’t SEE it.
Who, What, Why and When of Selling
Math tells you the WHO, WHAT, WHY, and WHEN of selling. Without that, your salespeople are running blind.
Math tells you WHO to sell to. Where are the qualified sales leads in your database of tens of thousands of prospects?
Math tells you WHAT is most important to your business. Is it new business, repeat business, retention or growth, getting more out of one customer or getting less out of more customers?
Math tells you WHY your efforts are successful or not. Did you apply a sales strategy based on the right metrics? For instance, in gaming, what are you trying to do with a prospect, get them to spend more when here? Or come more often? Don’t say both, you can’t have your cake and eat it too.
Math also tells you WHEN to sell. When is the prospect ripe for a sale? When should you approach, when should you pitch, and when in your sales process it is appropriate to apply the turn and try to CLOSE the sale?
These are the rather surprising things I began to learn once I truly started to study the magic of selling in all these other industries. I began to realize that no sales program for the gaming industry would be complete until it had a suite of underlying mathematical formulas and principles to provide the foundation for all of a casino’s sales efforts with gamblers.
Selling in Player Development
I have run into many PD professionals in the business who are experts at the soft skills of selling, of understanding and getting inside their players’ heads, of knowing how to schmooze them, and negotiate with them, and take care of them when on property. But when it comes to the back of house, the math of the equations, they are still blind.
That is why so many PD professionals today are focused only on the “usual suspects,” the top value players in the database that give you so much business. Yes, they are valuable to your casino, but you already have their business. Where are the prospects? Where are the sales leads? Where are those hidden players that if you identified them and properly approached and sold to them would BECOME your top players?
The Magic of Math
Enter the magic of math. It is not within the scope of this article to cover all the ways we have developed mathematical formulas and strategies to accomplish these feats within our wonderful industry. But I can offer you one thing of utmost importance, and share with you a number of questions you need to apply to your current PD system to see how it stacks up.
First, while you may be thinking, as does most everyone, that Player VALUE is the most important mathematical metric in PD, it is most certainly not. Value is only the qualifier. The true metric you must focus on is Player TRIP. Trip is the magic metric that will lead to a successful sales-lead generation program.
And now to the questions. Consider these as you examine your current PD setup
Do you have a mathematical tool that you can use to determine the sales potential of any segment of your database of players (or the database as a whole)?
Do you have a mathematical solution to the task of finding qualified sales leads within your exiting database?
Do you have a mathematical strategy for categorizing those qualified sales leads according to an appropriate sales strategy for each one?
Do you have a mathematical formula for prioritizing sales leads from “most likely” to “least likely” to grow their gaming spend under your sales efforts?
Do you have an appropriate mathematical tracking strategy to show where your sales efforts are working and where they are NOT?
Ponder these and begin to understand just how important the math of your business is to your selling efforts. Then get to work developing them. Of course, as always, if you need assistance, we at Raving are happy to help. Some will tell you they can teach your hosts how to make a sales pitch or take care of a guest. Some will tell you they have a technology solution that will give your hosts the tools they need to simply do their job. Are these important? Sure.
But without the math behind them, and a system that exploits that math in every aspect of your selling efforts, well, they are selling blind.
And that just don’t work. Why, because it’s math …
This article was originally published in the December 2019 issue of Casino Journal. | <urn:uuid:06afb264-2df3-462f-9b5a-e8458a2a332b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://betravingknows.com/weekly-reports/host-player-development/2020/02/player-development-and-selling-the-experience/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.964412 | 1,412 | 1.601563 | 2 |
If you are looking for nameplates for your products that will fit your industry’s standards, you have probably stumbled upon engraving. You may be wondering if engraved nameplates are the right option for your business’s needs and how the process works.
Etched, engraved, screen-printed and embossed nameplates all have their benefits. But an engraving can offer many advantages, such as resistance to fading and abrasions and a superior aesthetic that will stand the test of time.
In this guide, we’ll discuss how engraved nameplates are made, their unique advantages and how they can work for your business.
How Are Engraved Nameplates Made?
Engraving nameplates is a precise science. First, you must choose the best material for your purposes. While some textures have a beautiful appearance, others are more durable and better suited to withstand the elements. After you choose a material, submit a design and select a shape, your nameplate will be engraved. A computerized process produces accuracy that’s impossible to get using other imprint methods.
Materials for Engraved Nameplates
The most common materials for engraved nameplates are plastic and metal. Popular choices for engravings include:
- Aluminum: Aluminum offers a durable and cost-effective material. It’s more common than other pure metals and alloys, making it less expensive. Aluminum is malleable, which makes it great for logos, diagrams or custom fonts with intricate details. As one of the least-dense pure metals, it is easy to shape and adhere. Many admire aluminum for its natural coloration, which varies depending on the metal’s source and its finish.
- Brass: This metal gives off a brushed finish and has many aesthetic nameplate applications. Plaques, mounted nameplates, engraved awards, and emblems all standout against its gold or scarlet color. In industrial settings, this zinc and copper alloy is durable and malleable when heated.
- Stainless steel: A popular choice for almost any nameplate, stainless steel is stain resistant, anti-corrosive and sturdy. Impervious to most nicks and dents, stainless steel also provides a mill finish and a natural sheen, making it as attractive as it is tough.
- Monel: Monel is an alloy of nickel and copper that offers another choice for outdoor use. With traces of iron, carbon, and silicon, monel is resistant to wind, rain, and other elements. The naturally dark bronze or the high-polished finish of nickel-silver offer elegant branding.
- Phenolic: If you need a non-conductive material, try phenolic. Phenolic is a material made from a thermoset resin that is low-glare and scratch-resistant. While it’s not recommended for outdoor use, it is a great option for nameplates on indoor electrical equipment.
- Engraver’s stock plastic: Engraver’s stock allows for a two-toned finish, so the print will match your brand’s color palette. Plastic is a low-cost option that will work for most indoor applications.
How Engraving Works
Engraving creates a recess in whichever material you’ve chosen for the engraving. The process uses a rotary cutting tool synced with a computer, which creates a clean edge and cuts to a small depth.
Engravers might also use a carbon dioxide laser, which creates a more shallow incision. Laser engravings can also produce barcodes alongside custom text and graphics. With laser engraving, a high-heat laser beam cuts into the metal or plastic and vaporizes this material to reveal a cavity.
An engraving can be filled in with paint or left without fill, depending on your preferences.
If you have specific needs, you can choose to send a blueprint of your design and specifications to our specialists to confirm an engraved nameplate will meet your needs. Or you may send an artwork file and select from a variety of shapes, sizes, and materials from our quote form. At American Nameplate, we accept AI, EPS, PDF, CDR, DWG, and DXF file types.
After submitting materials, you will receive a proof to ensure the plates meet all of your requirements. After your approval, the nameplates will go into production. Production time will vary depending on your order specific variables.
At American Nameplate, we offer some of the fastest turnaround times in the business, with a standard of two to three weeks. We also provide an Eagle Express service for time-sensitive requests. If you need to reorder a nameplate you’ve already ordered from us in the past, Eagle Express will send your order within three business days. For new requests, we will ship within six business days after proof approval.
Benefits of Engraving Nameplates
Between its durability and superior workmanship, engraving offers several key advantages. Engraving allows you to meet the highest standards, so crucial information will last as long as the products you manufacture do. Engraving is precise enough to carve bar codes, specific fonts, and logos.
These benefits combine to produce nameplates a cut-above those created using other techniques. Some of the most significant benefits of engraving nameplates include:
Some engravings carved in ancient Rome are still readable today. On the face of historic buildings or churches, you’re likely to find plaques that were engraved hundreds of years ago. Engraving stands the test of time. Engravings have a deeper and cleaner line than etchings or stamps, which helps them resist wear.
Thanks to detailed computer codes and precise cutting tools, engraving is more accurate than etching or silk screening. Against the right material, the crisp edge can endure many environments, including:
- Extreme temperatures
- Rough surfaces and abrasion
- Demanding weather conditions
- Corrosive substances
Customization and Flexibility
Engraved nameplates offer more customization. While you can stamp a nameplate, you’ll be limited to the typefaces that the nameplate manufacturer has in stock. But with engraving, screen printing, and etching, various fonts, graphic, or design you come up with can be engraved into metal or plastic.
You can carve essential safety procedures alongside illustrative pictographs, or serial numbers and contact information alongside a beautifully rendered logo.
With laser engraving, you will get even more flexibility. You can work with varying degrees of thickness for both materials and line depth. But, laser engraving also allows you to engrave onto rough, rounded, or uneven surfaces with ease.
The strength, legibility and professional look of engraved nameplates make them so versatile. They also stand out for their distinct appearance, perceivable by sight and touch. It’s easy to see the craftsmanship of an engraved nameplate, and using one on your products will be a testament to their quality, too. Engraving has a long history, so engraved fixtures look old-fashioned, smart and sophisticated.
Because both rotary and laser engraving uses such precise cutting tools, you can expect the quality and accuracy of the engravings will be consistent, even on orders in the thousands or higher.
Common Uses and Applications for Engraved Nameplates
Many industries use engraved nameplates when their products or machinery need to be custom. Logos, branded graphics, informative diagrams and more look best engraved.
We often think of engraved nameplates for plaques, awards and mounted plates, but they are practical in the industrial space as well. You will often find engraved labels on motors, pumps, asset identification tags, and industrial machinery.
Engraved nameplates last for years, which makes them ideal for permanent signage and safety information. For example, industrial laboratories use engraved nameplates to label fixtures, such as eyewash stations, and to print safety instructions on the equipment. Engraved signage for fire exits, warning signs and traffic route labels on warehouse floors are visible and permanent.
Manufacturers, rental companies and businesses with lots of equipment to keep track of should consider laser-engraved asset identification tags. Engraved barcodes are peel and fade resistant, helping you track your assets for years to come.
Engraved metal nameplates are heat resistant and can provide readable instructions, even in harsh environments. In areas like boiler rooms that need quick in-the-moment instructions, engraved nameplates can provide quick operating instructions for valve plates or pump tags.
Some other industries that can benefit from engraved nameplates include:
Vehicles must pass thorough inspections and federal regulations, so proper identification should be visible on all parts of an automobile. To keep up with competitors, branding that won’t fade with time is critical for the automotive industry. Because of this, engraving is an excellent way for automotive manufacturers to display information for dealers, mechanics, and customers. Serialized parts can help ensure replacement parts are correct for a car’s make and model.
Nameplates preserve records for companies and contractors, making it easy for them to keep track of parts and reference information during resales and accidents.
Airplanes and airplane manufacturers face increasingly high standards for machinery and parts. In an industry where safety is paramount, proper labeling can save lives.
In the aerospace business, we recommend pairing your engravings with durable metal. Metal engraved nameplates can show inspectors and workers vital information, such as technical specifications, serial codes, dates, places of manufacturing and warning labels. This helps planes pass inspections and pilots avoid disasters.
Labeling lets employees keep track of parts, eases navigation through supply chains and aids in resales, organizational changes, and disasters.
If you manufacture construction equipment and tools, your instruments are being used every day at job sites. Having branded nameplates will help associate your quality products with your name. Construction workers and site managers will be able to tell whose products they are using with a customized nameplate featuring your logo.
For construction businesses, engraved nameplates offer a way to improve communication with your employees. Having printed safety instructions, policies and OSHA regulations on heavy-duty equipment keeps your employees safe and increases trust. While you should always train workers before they operate machinery, it can be easy to forget information like weight limits or the proper PSI needed for tires. Nameplates make this information readily available.
Whether you are a manufacturer or a construction manager, engraved nameplates can help you clearly label your equipment and resist wear. Your signage can be read even in bright light, and will not fade even after years of harsh sunlight.
In the furniture industry, an engraved nameplate adds an elegant branded element to any piece that will last as long as the product does. Branding lets customers know who manufactured their goods years later when it’s time for them to redecorate. In addition to adding brand visibility to these pieces, a nameplate offers a space for contact, warranty or manufacturing information.
Proper labeling of furniture can offer a benefit to inventory management for both furniture manufacturers and furniture rental companies. They can help you record pieces during large production runs, or help you track and prove ownership of your rental collection to prevent property loss.
Original Equipment Manufacturing Industry
For original equipment manufacturers, nameplates are essential for helping end-users stay safe when working with new equipment and tools. For items that will withstand harsh weather or wear and tear, an engraved nameplate will ensure that all safety information and protocols stays firmly adhered to their surfaces.
Engraved nameplates can feature technical specifications, manufacturing locations, serial numbers and warnings for products. The durable markings of a recessed engraving ensure this information stays clean and readable, no matter the conditions. Original equipment manufacturers need to meet strict regulations on the permanence of markings and labels, so make sure to source your engravings from an Underwriters Laboratories (UL) recognized provider. Make sure to contact American Nameplates before selling your products to ensure proper labeling that meets the regulations of your industry.
For custom designers, one of the most significant benefits of engraved nameplates is their high-customization. When you create one-of-a-kind commission pieces or limited-edition runs, an engraved nameplate offers a high-quality label or branded element to the finished product. The precision of engraving allows you to produce nameplates as unique as the work you create. Including sleek contact information that lets those who work with your product know who to call for their custom-design needs.
American Nameplates allows custom designers to order nameplates in batches as small as one, so you can give yourself credit for the work you produce without worrying about minimum order quantities.
Trust American Nameplates With Your Engraved Nameplates
Engraved nameplates can offer a superior appearance and a durable alternative to other nameplate options. At American Nameplates, we can work with you and the regulations of your industry to ensure an inspection-passing, long-lasting engraved nameplate.
If you are unsure of where to start, we can recommend materials that can withstand the necessary conditions and provide you with the most cost-effective options. If you already have a blueprint or the exact specifications you need for your plates, we can execute your engraving flawlessly in any quantity. Request a free quote today, or send us your artwork and specifications to get started.
When you design a nameplate, you may not realize how essential it is to consider the material. You have different options for nameplate metals that provide varying appearances and practical benefits. The choice may seem overwhelming at first, but with some knowledge about nameplate metals, their benefits, and common applications, you’ll have a better idea of what to choose for your nameplate material. Take a look at our tips for choosing nameplate metals below to make the perfect selection for your business.
Common Metals for Nameplates
In looking for metal nameplates, you’ll find you have an array of possibilities with different appearances and purposes. Take a look at the options you have for nameplate metals below for some information about the materials and benefits of each to help guide your decision.
Aluminum is a lightweight and versatile material that’s surprisingly durable. The material is pliable and comes in many thicknesses depending on the particular application. Its appearance makes it suitable for decorative uses, while its durability makes it useful for various practical applications that expose the nameplate to the elements or harsh environments. Some of aluminum’s benefits as a nameplate metal that make it suitable for such conditions include its ability to be:
Once aluminum is finished or sealed, it will have these durable properties that protect it from moisture, chemicals and more. You could choose a photo seal for your aluminum nameplate, or you could opt for other designs in a classic aluminum silver color. Achieve those looks with finishes like:
- Anodized, in clear or color options
- Brushed for a classic commercial look
- Milled for a light grain finish
- Polished for a shine
Consider where your aluminum nameplate will go and its purpose as you decide a finish. Polished aluminum draws attention as a decorative piece and may be easier to read indoors rather than bright conditions outside because of its impressive shine. Milled and brushed aluminum creates a natural aluminum texture, which makes an excellent background for text options if you need something easier to read in various conditions.
Stainless steel is a sleek and popular choice, especially if you need a durable nameplate. Industrial and military applications are well-suited for stainless steel nameplates, especially uses that display model or serial numbers because this material offers a crisp look that’s easy to read. The durable material also comes with other beneficial qualities, such as resistance to:
With these qualities, stainless steel tags will withstand a variety of harsh conditions. Though stainless steel has many practical uses, you can also use it for a decorative touch. If you want different looks for your nameplates, choose one of the various finishes that stainless steel comes in:
- Brushed finish, commonly known as #4
- Matte finish, commonly known as #2B
- Polished finish, commonly known as #8
As you would with aluminum, think about where you’ll use a stainless steel nameplate as you decide between matte, polished and brushed options. Along with the finish, you’ll also have to consider the thickness and weight. You’ll find various options depending on the application. Choose from sleek styles with a low profile or something a bit thicker and more durable but that still has a refined look. Stainless steel is as versatile in appearance as it is in practical uses.
If you’d like decorative metals, brass nameplates may be the right selection for you. Brass nameplates often come in thicknesses ranging from 0.016 inches to 0.125 inches, depending on the application and the manufacturer. Despite its primarily ornamental use, brass has some practical benefits, including:
- Tarnish resistance
- Chemical resistance
- Abrasion resistance
While brass has beneficial qualities, it may last longer in an indoor environment, making it well-suited for decorative purposes. If you choose brass nameplates, you can opt for a brushed or light milled finish for different textures. Because brass is malleable, it works with various nameplate styles and techniques, giving you more flexibility in your design, especially if you want a refined look. Brass often has a yellow- or gold-tone that enhances its potential for decorative use.
As a nameplate material, bronze is quite similar to brass, just with a more red or copper color. Like brass, bronze is a malleable and decorative choice for your nameplate tag. It comes with some benefits that make it suitable for different conditions. Those advantages include:
- Corrosion resistance
- Metal fatigue resistance
Bronze can stand up to stress and corrosion from various chemicals but is still best to use as a decorative nameplate. To enhance ornamental bronze nameplates, choose from brushed and light milled finishes, just as you can with brass. As with other metals, you have to choose a thickness. With bronze nameplates, you don’t have as many options as you do with other metals. The standard thickness option for bronze nameplates is 0.045 inches, but you may be able to find other sizes available in various styles.
Other Nameplate Metals
The four metals above are popular choices, but they are not the only nameplate metals out there. As you explore your material options, you may also find:
- Cold-rolled steel: Cold-rolled steel (CRS) comes in brushed or milled finishes for a textured look. Manufacturers create the blank CRS canvas by taking hot-rolled steel, allowing it to cool, then working with it more to get their desired size and surface. You’ll find CRS tags in 0.020-inch, 0.050-inch and 0.075-inch varieties, though other styles and manufacturers may offer other thicknesses.
- Monel: This material is a nickel-copper alloy that can have a brushed or milled surface. You’ll find certain types of monel nameplates in thicknesses from 0.020 inches to 0.063 inches. Monel creates nameplates with excellent corrosion resistance, and it’s also easy to form for various tag styles and applications.
- Nickel silver: You’ll also find brushed or milled finishes in this material and nameplates ranging from 0.020 inches to 0.032 inches in thickness. Nickel silver is a strong material that’s non-magnetic, which you may need for certain applications. This is commonly used for a decorative plate nameplate option.
You’ll find even more nameplate metals than the ones we’ve described, but these seven are popular options for their appearance and other qualities. With so many nameplate metals to choose from, it may help to know what other businesses commonly use each type of metal for as you make a decision.
Common Uses and Applications for Metal Nameplates
You can choose from a wide selection of metals for a particular nameplate purpose, but some options are more popular than others. Depending on what you want your nameplate to say and where it will go, you may want:
- Aluminum: Since it is such a durable material, aluminum is a smart choice for informational nameplates. When you provide essential information on or near equipment, you want it to be on a reliable surface that will last through time and the elements. Display serial numbers, instructions, boundary markers, computer information and more on the easy-to-read surface of aluminum. As a bonus, aluminum is lightweight, meaning you can mount it with an adhesive in certain applications. Aluminum is also an excellent choice for aerospace uses or other industries that have to follow weight specifications.
- Stainless steel: While the style of tag you select can impact readability, designs on stainless steel nameplates are often easy to read. It makes a great choice for instructions, etched serial numbers, and other important information. Use stainless steel nameplates in indoor or outdoor applications exposed to the elements and abrasions because this metal can withstand a lot. Stainless steel is heavier than aluminum, though, so make sure you plan to mount these nameplates appropriately.
- Brass: Zinc and copper usually create brass material, but the ratio of the components creates different qualities in the brass. Some combinations are more durable, and some take on a gold-tone. Because of the appearance, brass works well for decorative nameplates rather than informative tags with serial numbers, instructions or other essential information. Instead, use brass nameplates for ornamental purposes, such as displaying names or logos.
- Bronze: If you like the decorative purpose of brass but aren’t looking for something in a gold-tone, consider bronze nameplates instead. Bronze brings a copper or red tone to your tags that are for ornamental use. Include bronze nameplates on plaques or display names and logos with them.
If you still can’t decide between your options of nameplate metals, consider a few other factors to make the right choice for your business.
Factors When Choosing A Metal for Your Nameplate
As you choose a type of metal for your nameplate, you can take into account some of the differences above, but you have a few more factors to consider. These considerations will ensure that you make the right choice of nameplate style and material for your specific purpose. First, you should consider your industry or purpose, some of which include:
Your industry will guide the style of your nameplate along with the qualities you need from the material. If you work in a hands-on job or need an outdoor metal nameplate, you’ll need a more durable metal than at an indoor computer, for example., you’ll need a more durable option than you would at an indoor computer, for example. Along with the function of your tag, you should also consider the style and appearance, which also contribute towards practicality.
Think about the style you’d like since some manufacturers are limited in the type of material they can use for various options. The types of nameplates you can select from include:
- Etched metal: Chemical or acid etching brings your design to life in the type of metal you choose without compromising the strength of the material. You can select a standard surface or opt to add epoxy or enamel fillings that protect the etchings and make them stand out better. Military products, manufacturing equipment, and directional signs inside or outside a building may use etched metal nameplates.
- Screen printed: Screen printed nameplates are durable enough to use on interior or exterior applications. Ink is applied to the nameplate using a mesh screen then apply a surface coat to the product to help it withstand different elements and environments. With screen printed nameplates, you can select from an array of colors. This process is often used for aesthetic purposes to create graphics and background colors, though it can have a purpose for various industries.
- Photo seal: Aluminum is used to create photo seal nameplates, screening on your text or an image with ink and sealing it with a finishing layer. The result is an aluminum nameplate with a design that can’t be removed. A durable, photo seal nameplate works for indoor and outdoor applications from equipment and utility tags to specification plates and an array of other purposes.
- Embossed: Think of embossed nameplates as the opposite of etched varieties. The process sandwiches the type of metal you choose between two die cuts, called male and female dies, pressurizing it all together to add your design. The text or image is raised on the nameplate, creating a three-dimensional tag that’s sure to capture attention. Embossed nameplates will outlive other varieties of tags, even in harsh conditions that would take ink or paint off a sign. They come in stainless steel, CRS, aluminum and brass options. Some regulations also require certain signs to be embossed, making this a smart choice that’s up to code.
- Engraved: Engraved nameplates are somewhat similar to an etched metal, but instead of chemicals manufacturers use a physical process. Options include using a computerized cutting tool or CO2 laser to engrave the nameplate, which can come in a range of materials.
The environment the nameplate will be in also influences the type of metal and style of tag you should choose. Will your nameplate metals be in a hot, humid or other potentially damaging conditions? In those cases, you’ll need to choose a durable material. Across various industries, nameplates are often exposed to:
- Rain or other outdoor elements
- Abrasion and other physical contact
Think about your work environment to select the right nameplate material. Combine the considerations above, and you’ll get what you need for your business. Do the options still overwhelm you? Speak with a manufacturer, like us at American Nameplate. We’ll advise you on the right choice for your application and other needs, so you get a nameplate that provides information or decoration and is sure to last.
Get Nameplates With American Nameplate
If you need custom nameplates, we’re ready to make your creation a reality. Get the tags you need for your industry, whether you need something practical or decorative. At American Nameplate, we offer a variety of products that can meet your needs with one of the fastest turnaround times in the nameplate industry.
Make your workplace safer with informational tags that are durable and easy to read, or add a decorative nameplate to your business. Browse our custom nameplate options or contact us with any questions you have about the products we offer. We’ll help you get the professional appearance you need with nameplates that are sure to impress.
Nameplates are a necessary component for a wide variety of industries. They might be needed for machine identification, brand promotion, warnings, and much more. These nameplates could be exposed to harsh environments with physical risks like scratching, denting or covering up the plate with dirt or paint. Abrasive chemicals and moisture can also pose risks for a metal nameplate, so you need a material that is up to the challenge. Two materials stand out for their durability and versatility — aluminum and stainless steel. Both are great options for making a nameplate that lasts, but aluminum and stainless steel nameplates do have a few key differences, including their longevity, workability and colorizing options. You’ll want to consider your application carefully when choosing a metal for your nameplate.
Let’s go over how to identify stainless steel vs. aluminum, the characteristics of each and what their uses are in the world of nameplates.
Aluminum vs. Stainless Steel Nameplate
Both metals are excellent in tough environments and can hold up to a variety of substances. They are easy to install with a specific adhesive or simple rivet holes. Text is readable, with high visibility and there are design options that help you display information clearly.
When we compare these two metals, three characteristics come to the forefront. Some significant features of aluminum and stainless steel are their durability, weight and the available methods of customization.
The durability of a nameplate is especially important for people working in rough environments. Highly acidic, caustic or chemically reactive environments can cause signs to wear away or stain. If you work with dangerous substances, nameplates are especially critical to identifying what is inside certain containers, which rooms are off-limits and more. They can prevent dangerous situations from happening by keeping everyone informed.
Less hazardous environments may have trouble keeping signs clear as well from general wear and tear, fading or spilling, which could cause stains or rust to develop and impede a sign’s legibility. Other environments that can cause excessive stress to metal nameplates include those where it may see scratches, dents or moisture. If operating procedures make scratches and dents a hazard, you’ll need a tough metal that is resistant to this kind of physical damage. Moisture can cause problems for some metals too, but both aluminum nameplates and stainless steel nameplates will not corrode in water.
The good news is that aluminum and stainless steel are both excellent in many harsh conditions. Aluminum is known for great durability and will hold up well in inclement weather and around chemicals and workplace wear and tear. It is resistant to corrosion and can last many years. Aluminum is particularly resistant to corrosion due to the layer of aluminum oxide that forms on its surface in response to oxygen. This extra layer helps protect it from damaging substances. The most notable downside to aluminum vs. stainless steel for nameplates is its durability in comparison. While aluminum is a highly durable metal, stainless steel is still stronger. Aluminum nameplates can dent more easily and scratch as well.
As for stainless steel, it is incredibly durable. It can stand up to harsh weather, dents, scratches, chemicals and other extreme environments, such as those that are acidic and caustic. Stainless steel creates a similar surface layer to the aluminum oxide one, but it contains chromium, which protects the steel further and can even repair itself at levels above 10.5%. It is very low maintenance and is resistant to being dented or stained. Stainless steel nameplates lack high UV resistance, so they may wear more quickly in long-term outdoor environments. One feature to consider with your nameplate is what kind of physical pressure it may undergo. If it is likely to be bent, stainless steel is probably the best choice since aluminum may break instead.
Another quality that concerns our two metals is that of weight, which is especially notable in aerospace and military applications. Often, aluminum is alloyed with small amounts of another material, like iron, to add strength. Aluminum alloys are well-known for their high strength-to-weight ratio, meaning they are as strong as many other metals at a fraction of the weight. For instance, aluminum has one-third the density of iron or copper. This allows it to have comparable durability to many heavier metals without excessive weight. Aluminum nameplates are excellent for applications where you need minimal weight but high strength. Aluminum is also easy to shape, making it a more versatile metal for unique applications.
Stainless steel, on the other hand, does not have the benefit of being lightweight. Its excellent durability comes at the cost of added weight, like many other tough metals. This characteristic limits the use of stainless steel in many aerospace or military applications, but is less of a concern for other applications. While it may not work in a newly constructed jet, for example, a stainless steel nameplate would be right at home as an informational panel on a stationary machine in a manufacturing plant.
Each metal is also distinct in how it can be modified. Depending on your application, you may need a bright sign that holds its colors in an outdoor environment, one that can be engraved or one that works with welding processes. Each of these tasks will work differently on the two metals.
There are two processes unique to aluminum that both involve the addition of ink.
- Anodization: One of the most notable differences between aluminum and stainless steel lies in anodization. Anodization works with the process in which aluminum gains a thick surface layer of amorphous aluminum oxide. It absorbs colored dye effectively and makes it more corrosion-resistant. It allows you to add a variety of colors to a nameplate, which makes aluminum nameplates excellent for identification, organization, or straightforward visibility.
- Photo sealing: Aluminum also allows for metal photo sealing, in which the ink is pressed into the surface and sealed in. It is resistant to scratches and great for adding specific vibrant colors to a sign. The result is a metal tag that has ink on an inner surface, not the top. It’s also permanently sealed, so the design of your tag or label is unable to be scratched off or removed.
Stainless steel cannot be anodized, so ink processes won’t last near as long. Instead, stainless steel works well for indenting the metal itself through serial stamping or chemically etching. These give you the benefit of being a part of the metal, so they won’t scratch off or fade on their own. Another approach to impart a design onto stainless steel is to chemically etch onto it. Chemical etching bathes the plate in special chemicals that remove material in certain spots to carve out the design.
One of the bonuses of stainless steel is its capabilities for welding. Several characteristics make it easier to work with than aluminum. Aluminum’s thermal conductivity is much higher than that of steel, causing it to solidify faster. It also requires you to work through the oxidized skin on the surface and doesn’t show color changes very well, which many people use to judge progress on a welding job. Stainless steel has no oxidized skin and reveals color more effectively. However, some applications may need to avoid carbide precipitation, which occurs during welding and may require special precautions.
It is important to note that some of these customization options can affect the nameplate’s durability. Screen printing, for instance, can fade or wear a sign quickly if it is placed outdoors in specific environments. The effects vary based on the metal, design process, environment, and other factors.
Common Uses for Aluminum Nameplates vs. Stainless Steel Nameplates
You can find metal nameplates in many areas of various industries. They are appropriate for labeling equipment, making identification badges, offering warning or navigation information and even promoting your brand.
As mentioned, aluminum nameplates are great for various applications. They can be stamped, embossed, engraved, screen printed and etched. Here are a few of the items you can make with aluminum nameplates:
- Equipment identification tags and labels
- Barcoded nameplates
- Valve tags
- Asset badges
- Fire Door plates
These items can help with identification, classification and showing important information to the reader. Part of the appeal of aluminum is its versatile color and texture. Its silvery-white color makes it an excellent backing for colors and high-contrast text while offering a unique polished, brushed effect.
Stainless steel provides similar uses, including, stamping, etching, and more. Its applications include:
- Designation plates
- Military Placecards
- Instrument panels
- Brand promotion
- Compliance badges
- Navigation panels
- Control panels
- Asset tags
Embossed tags are a common use for aluminum in which the information is raised up through the metal. The design can’t be worn off and you can paint over it as needed. Embossing stainless steel can be a bit more difficult due to the hardness of the material itself.
One factor that can influence the use of aluminum or stainless steel is the cost. Aluminum is more commonly available and tends to be cheaper than stainless steel. Thicker or more specialized applications may make aluminum a more costly option.
Industries That Use Aluminum Nameplates vs. Stainless Steel Nameplates
Industries far and wide turn to both metals for their various plating needs and many use them in different applications. The industries that frequently use aluminum and stainless steel nameplates include:
Aerospace applications are a significant user of stainless steel and aluminum plating due to their detailed standards and unique demands. They must be able to meet strict specifications and maintain high durability. Aluminum comes in handy with its low weight, but stainless steel offers higher durability for tough conditions, so each is useful in certain applications. Another benefit of stainless steel is its antibacterial properties, which make it useful in health or food industries.
All industries benefit from the reliability of aluminum and stainless steel nameplates. Many workplaces have regulations to adhere to that require them to place safety and security information front and center. For any facility that needs to keep important information highly visible, they turn to signage material that won’t wear away. With these metals, you can avoid paint chips and scratched-off images. Vital information stays legible and safe.
Another feature that applies to industries across the board is the opportunity for permanent branding signage. Whether you need a bright, durable sign to go on your lobby wall for years to come, a small plate to identify manufacturer information on a machine or anything in between, aluminum and stainless steel are excellent ways to keep your brand’s image bright, readable and a cut above the rest.
Types of Metal Nameplates That Use Both
While most nameplates are quite versatile, some methods work better on one material than the other. Some styles are a matter of personal preference and application. Let’s go over some of the nameplate types that can go on stainless steel or aluminum.
- Etched metal nameplates: In etched metal nameplates, we use chemicals to remove specific parts of the metal, leaving behind the design. Then, the cut-out areas can be filled with colored enamels or epoxies. These nameplates work well with both materials, providing high contrast and color.
- Engraving: Engraving cuts your design out of the metal with a rotary tool. Aluminum is easier to cut as it is not as hard as stainless steel, which requires dedicated, tougher tools. Stainless steel can also enlist the help of a CO2 laser for creating linear marks and two-dimensional barcodes.
- Screen printing: You can screen print on both metals, but it may be less durable than some of the other methods. The inks are bright and work well for applications that won’t see wear and tear or long-term sun exposure, but they can fade quickly and be scratched off in harsher environments.
Both metals provide exceptional durability and a premium appearance. They are versatile in both construction and the designs that you can put on them. Serial numbers, QR codes, instructions, bar codes, and images can all be placed on these nameplates.
Explore Options With American Nameplate
Aluminum and stainless steel are both excellent choices for metal nameplates and work well across a variety of styles and applications. Aluminum offers a durable and lightweight substance while stainless steel can hold up against the toughest of environments. Whether you need nameplates for manufacturing, facility signage, branding, badges, informational panels or any other purpose, American Nameplate can help you get the job done right.
We can create metal nameplates in any size run and meet strict requirements while providing quality and environmentally sensitive work. We’ve been around since 1934 and are recognized by Underwriters Laboratories (UL), FM and Intertek, working to meet the needs of OEM providers, manufacturers, and distributors alike. Explore our product selections today to learn more about the nameplates we offer. | <urn:uuid:b521bca5-8285-4964-ac9d-a6be0076ac04> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.american-nameplate.com/blog/2020/01/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.925641 | 8,361 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Colorado Springs, Colorado (NAPSI) - Today, getting older isn’t about looking back. It’s about moving forward and embracing healthy habits to prepare for what lies ahead. But, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the risk of chronic disease increases significantly with age.
In fact, adults 50 and older have a 70 percent chance of developing at least one chronic condition.1
These serious risks demand more attention be placed on healthy living and prevention after 50-especially because the number of older Americans is expected to rise to 45 percent by 2015.2 Taking a comprehensive approach to health is critical, through a combination of being physically active,3 taking preventive measures like getting regular health screenings and vaccinations,1,4 healthy eating5 and staying socially active and connected.6
To make it easier to start or continue improving healthy habits of men and women 50 and older, the YMCA and Pfizer Inc have partnered to create 50 MOVING FORWARD, which aims to help adults learn about and engage in habits centered on health, prevention, fitness and fun.
“Prevention is crucial to staying healthy,1 so I encourage anyone over 50 to try 50 MOVING FORWARD for new ideas and advice on creating or maintaining healthy habits,” said Jim Kauffman, National Director for Health and Well-being at YMCA of the USA. “Each and every person can take a proactive role in staying healthy as they age.”
50 MOVING FORWARD offers information about healthy living and staying socially connected, as well as downloadable patient/health care provider discussion guides and tips on physical activities. Additionally, select YMCAs around theUnited Statesparticipating in 50 MOVING FORWARD will host healthy aging activities and events.
“50 MOVING FORWARD got me up off the couch and back into the full swing of life,” said Trish Comer, 50 MOVING FORWARD participant from the Greater Burlington YMCA in Burlington, Vt. “The fitness classes, nutrition workshops and group activities reminded me that I’m not too old to try new things, expand my circle of friends and to live healthier through regular checkups, screenings and vaccinations.”
Beyond healthy eating and physical activity, 50 MOVING FORWARD highlights the importance of screenings and vaccines to help prevent illness and health problems before they arise,1,4 and the health benefits of staying socially active.6 Even those who already practice healthy habits can benefit because the immune system naturally begins to weaken as people age.7
“As a 50 MOVING FORWARD partner, Pfizer offers unique expertise into the health needs of adults 50 years and older,” says Dr. Freda Lewis-Hall, Chief Medical Officer at Pfizer. “Many adults don’t realize they need to be vaccinated for diseases such as influenza, shingles and pneumococcus. Screenings and vaccinations play a vital role in helping adults prevent illness,1,4 which is why they are primary elements of 50 MOVING FORWARD.”
To learn more or sign up for 50 MOVING FORWARD, visit the website at www.ymca.net/50movingforward or contact your local Y.
What Does Your Doctor Recommend For You?
These questions will help start the conversations you should have with your health care provider about healthy aging:
• As I age, what can I do to reduce my potential health risks?
• What kinds of screenings will benefit me most?
• What can I expect to learn from these screenings and how often do I need them?
• What vaccines are recommended for me?
• How will these vaccines benefit me?
1. Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Promoting Preventive Services. 2009. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/aging/pdf/promoting-preventive-services.pdf. Accessed October 30, 2012
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Audience Insights: Communicating to Boomers.
3. Helpguide. Senior Exercise and Fitness Tips. How to Gain Energy and Feel Stronger. March 2010. Available at http://helpguide.org/life/senior_fitness_sports.htm.Accessed January 6, 2012.
4. National Institutes of Health Medline Plus (NIH). Preventative Health Care. 2012. Available at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001921.htm. Accessed October 30, 2012.
5. Helpguide. Senior Nutrition-The Joy of Eating Well. January 2011. Available at http://helpguide.org/life/senior_nutrition.htm. Accessed January 9, 2012.
6. Helpguide. Healthy Aging Tips. How to Feel Young and Live Life to the Fullest. 2010. Available at http://www.helpguide.org/life/healthy_aging_seniors_aging_ well.htm. Accessed January 26, 2012.
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Recommendations and Guidelines: Adult Immunization Schedule. December 2011. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/recs/schedules/adult-schedule.htm. Accessed January 10, 2012. | <urn:uuid:ee3353cf-3b74-4beb-8f81-7259f8cbd1a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://rivernewsnow.com/index.php/homepage/health/984-reduce-health-risks-and-revitalize-your-future-with-50-moving-forward | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.913676 | 1,096 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Investing in Technology – What is It?
The term “tech” refers to a collection of methods, processes, and techniques that are used to perform certain tasks. These methods are utilized in the production of goods and services, scientific investigation, and research. The field of technology is vast and encompasses a number of areas. It is used in almost all industries and in every day life. This is why it is critical for people to understand the role that technology plays in modern life. This article will explore some of the most common examples of tech.
Many have argued that tech companies have invaded privacy and destroyed jobs. Others have argued that globalization, economic deregulation, and a lack of understanding of technology have resulted in a tech oligopoly. While some politicians and consumers have raised concerns about tech, it is important to note that these companies are increasingly popular and are not a threat to the economy. Moreover, the term “tech” is used as a prefix for words that relate to computers and technology.
In the tech industry, we’ve come to recognize some of the biggest players. These companies are called the Big Five. These companies are known as the giants of the industry. They are often the dominant players. They have changed the way we learn and communicate, created revolutionary products, and pioneered a variety of industries. However, there are hundreds of thousands of other start-ups competing directly with these five. This makes it crucial to understand the differences between the Big Five and the rest of the tech industry.
In contrast to these two industries, tech products are both finite and based on software platforms. These companies often have an evolving product line, but are still primarily defined by their software platforms. These companies are characterized by their diverse culture and a high level of commitment to learning and development. In addition to embracing tech and leveraging new technology, they also disrupt existing industries and provide a service that consumers cannot live without. This diversity of thought is crucial for determining the direction of a company’s future.
A tech business must have an agile mindset in order to survive in this industry. They need to be flexible and adaptable to change and are able to come up with new ideas. Investing in technology is a smart way to make money. By investing in companies whose products are vital to other businesses, you can build a diversified portfolio. These companies are not merely profitable, but also innovative. A company should be based on a variety of factors, and it should never be a risky endeavor.
The definition of a tech company is somewhat flexible. For example, a retailer that sells cars could be considered a tech firm. Similarly, a chimpanzee that lives in a cave uses a branch as a walking stick. The term “tech” can be applied to other industries and jobs. For example, an engineer who creates software would be a tech worker. A software developer may have a background in engineering, while a computer programmer’s focus on the science of technology could make it a more complex business. | <urn:uuid:fd7b77c4-d04c-418e-b891-8441b8d1dd11> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gtpcurrency.com/investing-in-technology-what-is-it/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.970957 | 613 | 2.796875 | 3 |
For Immediate Release
April 14, 2021
Contact: Jenn Wood, 412-508-6517, firstname.lastname@example.org
Stunning New Reports Detail How Repairing the Damage Created by Abandoned Wells, Mines Could Bring 30,000 Jobs to Appalachia
Appalachia— This morning, the Ohio River Valley Institute and ReImagine Appalachia released a striking set of new reports detailing how Appalachian communities can create more than 30,000 new jobs by reclaiming and remediating abandoned coal mines and oil and gas wells.
Across the United States, millions of oil and gas wells are no longer in production, but have no party legally or financially responsible for plugging them. These “orphaned” or abandoned wells pose serious risks to public safety and our environment, leaking oil and gas into our water and soil and releasing climate-warming methane into the atmosphere. An estimated 538,000 abandoned wells remain in the Ohio River Valley, and plugging them could cost upwards of $34 billion.
Says Senior Researcher at the Ohio River Valley Institute Ted Boettner: “Over the last five years, the states comprising the mid and upper Ohio River Valley have lost nearly 13,000 upstream oil and gas jobs. Plugging and restoring orphaned and abandoned wells in the Ohio River Valley could create 15,000 jobs in our region.”
An additional 17,000 jobs could also be created with a $13 billion appropriation to clean up abandoned mine lands. For more than 200 years, the coal industry has extracted billions of tons of coal in the U.S., damaging thousands of acres of land and leaving it unreclaimed. The thousands of sites that remain unreclaimed threaten death or injury to local residents, deter local development, harm local ecosystems and downstream residents, and fuel the climate crisis by leaking methane into the atmosphere.
An estimated $26.3 billion in abandoned mine lands remain across the U.S., a cost significantly higher than the government’s current $11 billion cost estimate for clean up. Appalachian states account for 84.2% of unreclaimed costs, and approximately 565,508 total acres of abandoned mine lands are located in Appalachia.
“Poverty has persisted for decades in many Appalachian counties with mining damage, disproportionately impacting women, people of color, and young people,” said Eric Dixon, Researcher with the Ohio River Valley Institute. “To address climate change and tackle our region’s persistent inequality head-on, we need to do more than just increase the scale of funding. Congress should consider creating a public reclamation jobs program within a Civilian Climate Corps (CCC), to make sure reclamation jobs are accessible to those most in need.”
The release of these reports comes on the heels of President Biden’s recent American Jobs Plan announcement in Pittsburgh, where he proposed a $16 billion investment in cleaning abandoned mines and wells– the most significant federal investment in abandoned mines and orphaned oil and gas wells in recent history.
“It is very encouraging that President Biden recognizes the clear opportunity to create jobs and spur economic development created by reclamation,” said Dana Kuhnline of ReImagine Appalachia. “For too long, Appalachian communities have suffered from a lack of investment and from the serious public health and economic consequences of orphaned gas wells and abandoned mines, but with this historic investment, we are optimistic that a more prosperous future lies ahead for Appalachia. Solving the climate crisis is a reemployment plan for the Ohio River Valley and an investment in our region’s future. The investments we make to stem climate change will protect our communities and ensure the health of future generations to come.”
“Federal investments should require that workers be afforded the opportunity to fully support themselves and their families,” said David Mallino, Legislative and Political Director with Laborers International Union of North America. “As Congress adopts innovative funding and financing mechanisms for infrastructure, tax dollars should not be allowed to drive down wages and standards of living, damaging communities and the families who live in them.” | <urn:uuid:be8a2303-f41c-448f-8b7b-f5a5ce3fa26b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://reimagineappalachia.org/stunning-new-reports-detail-how-repairing-the-damage-created-by-abandoned-wells-mines-could-bring-30000-jobs-to-appalachia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.938723 | 845 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Teachers have been encouraged to apply for £10,000 ‘golden hellos’ for working in “challenging” schools before the summer holidays.
Starting today, teachers who join tough schools will also be eligible for extra training and early access to a new Masters in Teaching and Learning qualification, according to the Training and Development Agency for Schools (TDA).
The new financial and training package will be available from September for more than 500 schools and up to 6,000 teachers, but potential applicants would need to register their interest ahead of time.
TDA chief executive Graham Holley said the UK needed better training for better quality teachers.
“Teaching in a challenging school can be tough, but with the right training and a great team around you it can be immensely rewarding,” he said. “Our research shows that good teachers can have a profound effect on students in these schools, from getting pupils from poorer backgrounds into university to improving self-esteem.
The scheme was originally revealed in January as part of the New Opportunities White Paper to boost social mobility.
A survey by the TDA found one in three people who went to a challenging school have seen their employment prospects and pay improve dramatically thanks to inspirational teachers.
One-third (34%) said they would be in a less rewarding career, while 33% said they would be in a lower paid job were it not for the support and encouragement they had from their teachers. | <urn:uuid:7edc65fe-9221-4acc-92de-7aa1232281d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.personneltoday.com/hr/teachers-offered-10000-and-extra-training-to-work-in-tough-schools/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.981876 | 300 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Our poor, overworked feet. In a single day, they absorb about 1,000 pounds of force. And we mistreat them terribly -- standing on them for hours; walking on hard, unyielding surfaces; and cramming them into shoes that may be fashionable but are often far from comfortable. It's no wonder that four out of five adults eventually suffer from foot problems.
While certainly not as glamorous as the heart or the brain, the feet are amazing pieces of engineering, perfectly designed to give years of service -- if you treat them right. Each foot has 26 bones -- together the feet have almost one-quarter of the bones in the entire body. Thirty-three joints make the feet flexible, and 19 muscles control movement of foot parts. Tendons stretch tautly between muscles and bones, moving parts of the feet as the muscles contract. Two arches in the midfoot and forefoot, constructed like small bridges, support each foot and provide a springy, elastic structure to absorb shock. Numerous nerve endings in the feet make them sensitive (and ticklish). And the whole structure is held together by more than 100 ligaments.
Much of the foot pain we experience comes from overworked lower limbs. Movement of the foot is controlled by four groups of muscles in the leg. These muscles get a workout not only when our feet are visibly moving (such as when we walk or run) but even when we stand still, because they help keep us balanced and upright. And like nearly all muscles (the heart muscle is an exception), these muscles can become fatigued, decreasing their ability to properly support the feet and causing discomfort. Standing in place for long periods also tends to result in a pooling of blood in the lower extremities, which can cause uncomfortable swelling.
Here are some common problems that cause foot pain, most often due to an overuse injury.
Plantar fasciitis. A heel injury, affecting the area where the arch meets the heel. Plantar fasciitis is marked by heel pain with first steps in the morning, possible swelling, and heel pain while walking. It can usually be worked out with activity. What to do: Wear better shoes, or try orthopedic shoes prescribed by a podiatrist. Don't walk barefoot. Use ice unless you have circulatory problems or are diabetic. Try heel cups in your shoes for shock absorption. If the pain is persistent, see a podiatrist.
Heel spurs. A little outgrowth of the bone, a result of the bone's attempt to heal after repetitive stress and inflammation in the plantar fascia. What to do: If it causes foot pain, a simple surgery to shave the spur away may be required.
Neuroma. A pinched nerve, causing pain between the third and fourth toes. It can feel like a tooth that needs a root canal. One of the most common causes is a poor shoe fit. What to do: Buy a shoe with a wider toe area.
Tendonitis. An inflammatory process in the tendons, common in athletes. It can be a serious, painful, and persistent problem. What to do: Rest, ice, use anti-inflammatory drugs, and change exercise technique and shoe gear.
Stress fracture. A break in the bone usually resulting from repetitive pounding. Common to athletes. What to do: Limit weight bearing, and stick to low impact exercise. An orthotic device may be necessary to reduce pressure at the fracture site. Be sure to confirm and locate the stress fracture via X ray for proper treatment.
Ankle sprains. A ligament that is stretched or torn. It is the most common athletic injury. What to do: Ice, compression with an elastic bandage or splint to eliminate motion, and elevation to decrease swelling. Limit weight-bearing activities, and stay off feet for a few days. In cases of a severe sprain, your podiatrist may recommend a brace or surgery.
Here are a few more foot aches that aren't attributed to overuse. Instead, these are caused by simple everyday wear and tear, as well as poorly fit shoes.
Black toenail. A hematoma (bruising) under the nail. What to do: Wear proper-fitting shoes that aren't too tight or too loose, clip toenails short so they won't rub against the shoe, soak foot in salt water.
Bunions. A misaligned big toe joint in which the toe slants outward causing inflammation and swelling. The most common cause is tight-fitting shoes. What to do: Wear proper-fitting shoes and padding, and rest and soak the foot. Bunions must be treated by a podiatrist
Hammertoe. When a toe, usually the second toe, bends up to look like a claw. It frequently accompanies a bunion, and while the actual cause is a muscle imbalance, the underlying cause of that imbalance is usually an ill-fitting shoe that cramps the toes. What to do: Wear proper-fitting shoes and padding. Hammertoes must be treated by a podiatrist
Ingrown toenail. This happens when the side of your toenail cuts into your skin. The cause is usually a bad toenail clip job, but pressure from a bad shoe fit can cause it, too. A mild ingrown nail can be removed with careful clipping, but if it is deep or painful, consider a trip to the podiatrist.
Bad Shoes, Good Shoes
Bad shoes are what many foot injuries have in common. Bad shoes, according to the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons, are to blame for about 90 percent of all foot problems.
No matter what type of shoe you're wearing, a bad shoe is one that does not fit properly, has lost its shape, causes pain or rubbing, or is worn unevenly. Bad shoes cause foot and ankle problems. But they can cause leg and back problems, too.
To get a good fit for any type of shoe:
- Buy shoes at the end of the day, after work or exercise, when your feet are at their largest. If you buy shoes earlier in the day, they may be too tight.
- Measure both feet and fit your shoe to the largest one, since your feet aren't both the same size.
- Make sure you can wiggle your toes. If you can't, the fit is too tight. Also make sure the widest part of your foot is comfortable but secure.
- Walk around the store to see if the shoes are comfortable. Never buy shoes without first trying them on, and don't assume they will get comfortable with wear. If they don't feel good when you try them on, don't buy them.
- Try on shoes with the socks you plan to wear with them.
- When the shoe is on and you're standing up, make sure you can fit the width of your little finger between your heel and the back of the shoe -- no more and no less.
- If your heel slides in the shoe as you walk, the shoe doesn't fit.
- Don't let anyone tell you the shoe will stretch. Good shoes fit properly when you buy them.
- And, no matter how much you're attached to your closet full of comfortable old shoes, toss them in the trash when they are worn out and get new ones.
Now that you know what that foot pain might be, as well as possible treatment options, here are a few home remedies to help heal those tired, aching dogs. Visit these links to learn more about home remedies for foot ailments:
- To see all of our home remedies and the conditions they treat, go to our main Home Remedies page.
- Read Home Remedies for Back Pain to learn about home remedies that will help your aching back.
- If you're dealing with a serious case of foot funk, learn how to banish the odor in Home Remedies for Foot Odor.
- Learn how to stop the uncomfortable itching and burning of athlete's foot in Home Remedies for Athlete's Foot.
- Learn how to use natural home remedies to ease the discomfort of corns and calluses in Home Remedies for Calluses and Corns.
This information is solely for informational purposes. IT IS NOT INTENDED TO PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. Neither the Editors of Consumer Guide (R), Publications International, Ltd., the author nor publisher take responsibility for any possible consequences from any treatment, procedure, exercise, dietary modification, action or application of medication which results from reading or following the information contained in this information. The publication of this information does not constitute the practice of medicine, and this information does not replace the advice of your physician or other health care provider. Before undertaking any course of treatment, the reader must seek the advice of their physician or other health care provider. | <urn:uuid:a4c5fa4b-a186-44b0-af27-0937d61c05e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/natural-medicine/home-remedies/home-remedies-for-foot-pain.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.937892 | 1,836 | 3 | 3 |
Help with id of a moth.
I recently visited a butterfly park in London and took this picture of a moth but I cannot id it. Can you help? I though it might be a variety of silk moth. Thanks
If this is not a Cynthia Moth, Samia cynthia, it is a closely related species. Also known as the Ailanthus Silkmoth, the Cynthia Moth was introduced to North America from China in the 19th Century in a failed attempt at silk production. That introduction is also responsible for the introduction of that pestiferous tree, the Ailanthus Tree. The Ailanthus Tree, or Tree of Heaven, is the larval food plant and it has spread across the country, along roads and in cities, and has penetrated an estimated 30% of the Shenandoah Forest in Virginia. It is a noxious weed tree that displaces native vegetation, is invasive and very difficult to eradicate as it spreads by seeds as well as an extensive root system. | <urn:uuid:8d0dc7f8-45e9-4db3-8b85-fe6af60f47e4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.whatsthatbug.com/cynthia-moth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.977585 | 209 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Wearables are fast becoming part of ‘always on’ corporate culture
Could wearing smart eyeglasses, watches, or other digital gadgets eventually become a workplace requirement?
At least 72% of the 2,009 U.S. workers responding to a survey sponsored by the software company Cornerstone OnDemand think it’s possible. In fact, at least 66% of the respondents would willingly embrace this, a 7% increase over last year’s survey on the same topic.
“We now live in a world where physical presence is optional, lines between work and life are increasingly blurred by tech, and flex schedules are viewed by employees as a right, not a perk,” says Cornerstone OnDemand CEO Adam Miller. “Employers who empower their people to get their work done in the best ways possible, where it is through policies, resources or workplace culture, are best positioned to attract and retain top talent. Fortunately, cloud and mobile tech is making it easier to intertwine physical and virtual workspaces in ways that still encourage collaboration and connectivity.”
The data dovetails with two other recent surveys suggesting wearables will make an impact in the workplace more quickly than in the average individual’s personal life. Some large businesses encourage this through employee engagement programs and incentives. Up to 80% of the Cornerstone OnDemand survey respondents indicated they would be “motivated” to use wearable technologies that track health and wellness metrics. Those who were reluctant would change their minds for monetary benefits such as a bonus, reduced health insurance premiums, or discounted exercise programs.
Seattle-based Limeade, which sells technology for managing employee engagement initiatives, reports a higher level of participation from workers who are using fitness tracking devices and apps in conjunction with its application. These devices record metrics from “walking meetings” (where individuals meet in motion rather than sit in a conference room) or contests to see which employees can walk to nearby lunch spots most quickly. “It allows companies to connect their workforce in a low-stress way,” says Limeade CEO Henry Albrecht.
The company raised $25 million in late October led by Oak HC/FT (the same team behind Athenahealth, Castlight Health, and Benefitfocus) and existing investor TVC Capital. Limeade has more than 100 large business clients, including Green Mountain Coffee, Jamba Juice, MolsonCoors, and Nokia.
“We see two trends that make companies like Limeade,” Albrecht says. “One is healthcare costs have gone up 80% in the past decade, and the other is that people are feeling increasingly disengaged at work.”
This item first appeared in the Nov. 12, 2014 edition of Data Sheet, Fortune’s daily newsletter on the business of technology. Sign up here.
Next, read: “‘Search: How do I punch this rivet hole?’” by Erin Griffith. | <urn:uuid:1ee15e95-24cf-4df3-8403-b571e41e9ff6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fortune.com/2014/11/12/wearables-business-culture/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.949325 | 613 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Namibia economic profile
Namibia, with a long coastline on the South Atlantic, borders South Africa, Botswana, Zambia and Angola. Namibia is rich in mineral resources, including diamonds and uranium, has close economic linkages to South Africa and is a member of the Common Monetary Area (CMA) with Lesotho, Eswatini and South Africa.
Namibia is largely enjoying political stability and sound economic management. However, socio-economic inequalities inherited from the past apartheid system remain extremely high and structural constraints continue to limit employment creation. The COVID-19 pandemic is set to have an unprecedented impact on Namibia’s economy and has exacerbated pre-existing structural challenges. (Source: The World Bank)
TFSA sector work in Namibia
TFSA’s main focus in Namibia is on the aquaculture, and cosmetics and natural ingredients sectors. Production in both sectors is largely in rural areas and already have significant export, though the high-end seafood sub-sector has suffered significant setback as a result of COVID related lockdowns in the region. Cosmetics and natural ingredients enjoy a high participation of women across the value chain, and both sectors have a high potential for unlocking of further export opportunities through trade promotion, linkage to international buyers and assistance to improve compliance.
TFSA works closely with the Namibia Network of Cosmetics Industry (NANCI) to reach producers in that sector. | <urn:uuid:cb7909d2-c44a-44dd-a8d5-405f816403d8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tfsouthernafrica.org/countries/namibia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.928699 | 296 | 2.125 | 2 |
Blockchain Applied: Practical Technology and Use Cases of Enterprise Blockchain for the Real World
Ashurst, Stephen, Tempesta, Stefano
Blockchain is the popular name given to the exciting, evolving world of distributed ledger technology (DLT). Blockchains offer equitable and secure access to data, as well as transparency and immutability. Organisations can decide to use blockchain to upgrade whatever ledgers they are currently deploying (for example, relational databases, spreadsheets and cumbersome operating models) for their data and technology stack in terms of books and records, transactions, storage, production services and in many other areas.
This book describes the applied use of blockchain technology in the enterprise world. Written by two expert practitioners in the field, the book is in two main parts: (1) an introduction to the history of, and a critical context explainer about, the emergence of blockchain written in natural language and providing a tour of the features, functionality and challenges of blockchain and DLT; and (2) a series of six applied organisational use cases in (i) trade finance, (ii) healthcare, (iii) retail savings & investments, (iv) real estate, (v) central bank digital currencies (CBDC) and (vi) fund management that offer the reader a straightforward, easy-to-read comparison between 'old world' technology (such as platforms, people and processes) versus what blockchain ledgers offer to enterprises and organisations in terms of improved efficiency, performance, security and access to business data.
Blockchain is sometimes tainted by association to Bitcoin, Onecoin and others. But as cryptocurrencies and stock markets continue to rise and fall with volatility and the world economy emerges changed by coronavirus, working from home and the threat of inflation, many enterprises, organisations and governments are looking again at the powerful features of blockchain and wondering how DLT may help them adapt. This book is an ideal introduction to the practical and applied nature of blockchain and DLT solutions for business executives, business students, managers, C-suite senior leaders, software architects and policy makers and sets out, clearly and professionally, the benefits and challenges of the actual business applications of blockchain.
Stefano Tempesta works at Microsoft in the Azure Confidential Computing product group to make the Cloud a more secure place for your data and apps. Additionally, as advisor to the Department of Industry, Australia, on the National Blockchain Roadmap, his current focus is on helping people gain and own their digital identity.
Stefano is also a technology advisor to Carbon Asset Solutions, a climate action and sustainability network with a mission to slow carbon dioxide emissions and remove excess atmospheric CO2 by using regenerative agriculture technologies.
By day, Stephen Ashurst is an independent software writer and wealth tech consultant. By night, a fintech entrepreneur.
Stephen did manage to get an undergraduate degree in PPE, but failed Bar School miserably. Seeing the light, he quit law and turned his attentions to the IT industry - a good move, for all concerned.
A resident of London, Stephen travels constantly for pleasure and work. But home is where the heart is. And so are family, friends, dogs and 3,000 books. Sadly, so is his kitchen, the site of varyingly successful cooking experiments. | <urn:uuid:569f3c81-5431-4e4a-bef3-6e23d8c4678f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tenlong.com.tw/products/9780367677367?list_name=sp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.925546 | 699 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Sāmoan authors say their language is more than just a means of communication, but also a way to build confidence amongst their fellow youth.
For one children’s author, using her Sāmoan language is an act of decolonisation. For another group of Sāmoan writers, it’s a means to reconnect to home.
It’s Sāmoan language week and for Reina Vaai, just the simple act of speaking her mother tongue, has powerful ramifications.
“When our parents first migrated here, they were trying to assimilate – so speaking Sāmoan was not a good thing,” she says. “But now there’s a huge revival from second-generation Sāmoans wanting to reclaim their language, participating [in Sāmoan language week] is actually an act of decolonisation.”
The criminal barrister turned writer has four books for children to her name, all peppered with the Sāmoan language, colourful characters and her culture. Parents often tell her the books, which she distributes in schools and libraries both in Auckland and back in Sāmoa, are helping their families rediscover a love for their language.
“It’s been amazing to see the messages from parents, who can’t speak Sāmoan but are really keen to give these books to their children, so they can reconnect.”
She says being proficient in the language has helped her work out her own identity in a western context.
“Growing up I wasn’t allowed to speak English at home, as my parents were huge on knowing my culture. And it’s really helped to guide me, as it’s been a foundation for my life as the language is a tool for me to better navigate different pressures as well as support my family.”
‘It gives you more confidence’
For a group of 10 student authors at Tangaroa College in Ōtara, sharing stories of home in a soon-to-be-release bi-lingual book has helped to rekindle memories of families back in Sāmoa, while encouraging New Zealand-born Samoan peers to preserve with their language skills
The Spinoff spoke with Fiapule Tanuvasa, Togisau Chan Sau and Petala Nanai about their experiences writing La’u Penina Tautele My Pearl of Great Price. The trio all came to New Zealand for secondary school but haven’t seen their parents and younger siblings since Covid resulted in travel restrictions being imposed between the two nations.
Tanuvasu, 16, says it’s been hard not seeing her parents for such a long time, but contributing to the book has been a special way to recall life back home and it’s inspired her to want to write a second book about her family.
“I know that English is our second language, but it’s important to keep our culture active and because our language is so important to us,” she says.
Nanai, 15, says being strong in her language gives her more confidence.
“It’s important for our young people not to be shy to share our culture. I know we have to learn English because that’s how we’ll get jobs, but you have to know your first language, because then it’s easier to learn your second language. And it also gives you more confidence.”
Togisau Chan Sau’s message to his fellow Sāmoan peers is clear: “with the Sāmoan language and culture, you can be anything you want”.
Auckland councillor Fa’anana Efeso Collins grew up in Ōtara at a time when speaking only English was encouraged, so seeing the opportunities available to students at his old school is “inspiring”.
“I went to school at a time when kids were being told not to speak their native tongue at home. But language is a key pillar of one’s culture so learning and maintaining your home language is pivotal to your identity. As a semi proficient speaker of Sāmoan I take any opportunity to speak the language, however embarrassed I feel in certain contexts.”
The students wrote the book as part of a Auckland Council-funded project, which councillor Alf Filipaina says is to increase the Pacific language and te reo Māori content in libraries.
“A lot of reading material comes from places like the US and the UK. We want to see more content that reflects Aotearoa and the incredible stories and people who call here home.”
Council’s libraries publishing partnership lead, Anne-Marie Shepherd says the project cost $15,000 and will be the first of many.
“I knew David Riley from Tangaroa College was already working in this space. So we had a chat and we just went from there. And I have to really hand it to David and the students, it was touch and go that we would have it ready for Sāmoan language week. It was a pretty tight deadline, but we managed to achieve it.”
La’u Penina Tautele My Pearl of Great Price will be launched at Tupu Library in Ōtara at 6pm on Friday June 4, where the book will be available to the public to borrow. | <urn:uuid:7ad08729-76b3-4097-a613-dd8eb4577520> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thespinoff.co.nz/books/03-06-2021/rekindling-memories-and-righting-wrongs-writers-on-samoan-language-week | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.968967 | 1,147 | 2.34375 | 2 |
LOW COST AND EASIEST TO ERECT
Universal Steel of America (USA) has designed many steel framed industrial buildings across North America including:
or Call Toll Free 1-800-993-4660
Universal Steel of America was also very conscientious when it came to safety for the steel mining buildings.
The purpose of these surrounding prefab steel buildings was to help keep the mine and miners secure and to allow round the clock mining. We understood that coal/gas mining is very dangerous so we wanted to make sure the miners remained safe at all times.
Our industrial steel buildings are designed to stand up to the harshest of weather conditions. Our clients were very pleased with the outcome. They now have a place to work, shower, eat and relax, and are able to continue the recovery of coal and minerals from the earth comfortably and securely.
One excellent example of a unique prefab industrial steel building that we designed is the Federal Mine #2 project in Blacksville WV.
Universal Steel of America designed four prefab steel buildings around the mining shaft to act as a mini-city. These four steel prefab buildings were complete and included:
The purpose of these industrial steel buildings was to keep the miners out of the elements during shift changes to allow for round the clock mining.
We were able to fully sheet and enclose the existing elevator tower and the industrial steel buildings were designed complete with roll-up doors and windows.
This West Virginia coal mine is owned by the Federal Government so the design and construction of the industrial steel buildings had to undergo a strenuous permit approval process.
Universal Steel of America was able to meet the most stringent building requirements and the industrial steel buildings were put into fabrication December 2011.
Regardless whether you need a modern steel storage building or a customized industrial steel building, Universal steel of America can custom design industrial steel buildings to accommodate a variety of building materials. All of our Steel Building Products can incorporate any of the following:
In fact, USA can incorporate many other types of construction materials to suit your architectural and design needs.
For more information about Prefab Metal Buildings storage or prefab industrial steel buildings for manufacturing, warehousing, mining, agriculture or aviation, please contact our USA industrial prefab buildings specialists: | <urn:uuid:b69c58e0-cf1b-41c6-b5a4-2429eb4514e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.universalsteel.com/industrial-steel-buildings/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.962228 | 460 | 1.5 | 2 |
3 Daring Women Producers take over the Music industry in 2021
We know it, and you know it. Men are still in control of the music industry. According to the University of Southern California’s Annenberg Institute, the number of women writing, performing, and producing hit songs dropped low in 2020.
This fourth annual report analyzed the gender and race/ethnicity of artists, songwriters, producers, and creators across 900 top songs out in the last nine years. Turn out women represent only 21.6% of all artists, 12.6% of all songwriters, and only 2.6% of all producers. The study reveals the rate of women in this industry also decreased from 2019 to 2020. The number of female artists went from 22.5% to 20.2%. Female songwriters declined from 14.4% to 12.9%, and female producers lowered from 5% to 2%.
It’s a pity. Therefore, this observation gets sadder when it comes to production. “Women producers — and particularly women of color — are virtually erased from the music industry,” says Stacy Smith. She’s the Communications professor leading this statement. These results may be discouraging, but this is also a valid reason to battle to get equality.
When a little girl says she wants to play music, people assume she wants to become a singer. That may be true in some cases, but this scheme is a reducer. Sounds So Beautiful stands alongside women musicians and presents three artists. All of them speak their truth and have several points in common, including their desire to share with others. They always believed in their talent, even when people tried to shut doors in front of them. Music guided them to find and defend their identity.
1. Aisha Gaillard on drums: Hit it like a girl!
Let’s start with the Los-Angeles-based drummer-producer Aisha Gaillard. She was only three years old when her aunt took her to an African dance class. However, an African hand drums caught her eyes next to the drummers. She fell in love with it instantly, and the feeling was mutual. Once she played, her aunt noticed her touch was natural. Then, Aisha Gaillard went on a Monday evening drum workshop in Leimert Park at a music venue called the World Stage. Jazz musician and humanitarian Billy Higgins was the one who taught her drums.
Her love for music didn’t fade away when she hit middle school. She took violin lessons and got on stage when she was only seven. She performed with Sweet Strings at the Hollywood Bowl and Royce Hall at UCLA. She began to take music as a serious business, and her musical experiences diversified during high school. Then, she multiplied performances and musical programs. It helped her discovering various music genres and various mentors.
As the years go by, she took part in formations, quartets and teaches drums to kids. Yet, she struggled with finding a music program for the university. She even had to step academically away from music for a while. Once she got her Bachelors’s degree in Hospitality Management from Long Beach State, she hoped to own a restaurant with live music. Except that her love for music was more powerful.
It took her to even more lessons, travels, and recordings. 2018 is the year where she performed in front of a crowd of 30 000 youth in Houston, Texas, during a Christian event called “The ELCA Youth Gathering.” This experience blew her mind. She quickly quit her day job and decided to become a full-time musician.
She recently played behind singer/songwriter Mereba and toured with UMI. Can we just say that these collaborations make sense to us? As these three female artists pledge for women’s recognition and women’s empowerment. On UMI’s EP “Introspection Reimagined”, Aisha’s groove and rhythm perfectly match UMI’s universe. She uses her creativity to express melancholy, joy, rage, determination, and emotional insecurity…
Accents, slower or jerky rhythms add tension to the melody. She connects easily to these emotions because she uses her sensibility to produce music. Moreover, it’s not uncommon to see her lip-syncing while she plays on the drums. She lives music as she plays it. She puts a bit of her personality and her experience into her creations too. By looking at her Instagram account or her YouTube Channel, Aisha appears to be quite a solar character. We dare you to find a photo or a video of her where she isn’t smiling.
Proud of her career choices she can be. Collaborating with Mereba also led her to do a Tiny Desk Concert is yet another great accomplishment.
She makes it look easy when she plays. Her versatility (jazz, neo-soul, R&B) probably makes her one of the most promising musicians of her generation. Her content online proves how approachable she is. She shares covers, original productions, and she even gives guidance to bring people together around her love for drums. Only to show how vibrant music can be in your life.
2. Emmavie: Collaboration over competition
As a young black woman, Aisha Gaillard faced some issues trying to make her place in this industry, and so did Emmavie. The London-based beatmaker-DJ-singer-songwriter-producer loves music since childhood. When she was a little girl, her dad brought her a karaoke machine and she would record her little-girl-prowess on audio cassettes. To this day, she fondly remembers it as her very first audio record.
When still in high school, she used to experiment music through dance. Creating her own dance mixes to rehearse, she realized over time she would preferably produce than dance. It didn’t take long for her to find her signature sound. She mixes 90’s R&B vibes to her love for digital audio representation. The results give sensual tunes that help her express the more complex parts of herself. 2013 is the year where the music took a big part in her life.
Emmavie is an independent artist with no PR nor label. To this day, she already released two EPs, and her debut album “Honeymoon” came out in 2019.
Her career took a new turn when she bounded with others artists over social media. Together, they founded Her Songs, a collective of female artists from around the world. Emmavie declared she used to struggle when it came to trusting somebody in this industry. However, this reunion felt right to all of the members. Her Songs is also composed of London-based artist-producer Marie Dahlstrøm, Colombian/Miami native songwriter-producer Dani Murcia, French/English songwriter The Naked Eye, New Zealand-based songwriter Emily C. Browning, Copenhagen-based graphic designer, and photographer Malthe Milthers, and LA-based artist and producer Maddie Jay.
The music industry encourages women to be competitive towards each other, but not in a good way. According to Emmavie, competition can be toxic and lead you to tread. She admits that collaborating allows all of them to go further in their art. They’re out of their comfort zone, but they’re free to do it in a safe space.
Through discussions, the idea of Her Songs is to create something future generations could look up. They reunite during intense camps to write, produce and share their stories. They first met in L.A. for one week in 2018 to create and deliver their debut EP “Los Angeles.” They renewed the experience in 2019 while in Toronto; two new EPS were born from this reunion.
Different experiences and profiles enrich this project. Women are free to share their thoughts and their stories without any fear of judgment or discrimination. Emmavie regrets that women musicians or producers aren’t considered good enough. They’re often considered beginners before their performance, even when it’s not their first show. Just because you’re a female, then you’re not professional enough. Her Songs stands up against that.
Emmavie herself had to “act like a boy” during her sound art studies. To this day, she still thinks this teaching was gendered and sexist. They were only 2 girls among 300 students. She was the only one in the 2nd year. Emmavie wishes more black female superstars could emerge, and that’s what Her Songs is about. Giving talents the opportunity they deserve.
3. Jenn Clemena: Being at ease with your identity
Indeed, sometimes you have to push your luck. Jenn Clemena learned to play the guitar by herself when she was 13 years old. San Francisco-based multi-instrumentalist quickly joined her father in the band of their local church once she mastered her instrument. She took her talent outdoors two years later. She performed around bustling San Francisco areas like Powell Street Bart Station and Pier 39.
She refers to it today as a challenging experience, but this episode undoubtedly forged part of her beginning career. Music helped her being at ease with her identity. She especially expresses how it feels to be a part of the LGBTQ community when you grow up in a religious family. Jenn’s melodies are smooth and soulful.
Her notes lead us into the whirlwind of her thoughts. Her original song “Let Me Know” gives us that feeling. The words repeat themselves and the melody is heady. It’s running in circles, and maybe the guitar’s part expresses what can’t be said.
Jenn Clemena is also used to sharing her passion and creativity with others thanks to social media or her YouTube channel. Furthermore, her videos sometimes tend to be registered in what seems to be her bedroom. It’s an intimate place, but it proves that she’s ready to show herself vulnerable through her art.
Her jam sessions are a place for her to keep exploring her creativity. By doing that in front of her community, she includes the audience in her creation process. She even encourages them to let their imaginations speak for themselves. Other improvisations are welcome during passages of her creations.
“Left 16 bars open at 3:50-4:30 for any of you musicians out there who would like to jam 🙂 Chords are CM7 – D7 – Em” she wrote in the description box on the first Jam session.
It’s not unusual to see men playing guitar, but it’s refreshing to see a young female producer choosing for herself how she’s going to tell her story. Aisha Gaillard, Emmavie, and Jenn Clemena aren’t the only ones trying to find their ways through the jungle. The road might seem far, but patience and determination are keys for female artists to get the recognition they deserve. | <urn:uuid:88860d83-a36e-4d4a-8733-cf0c0410dd50> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://soundssobeautiful.net/2021/05/14/women-producers-music-industry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.975044 | 2,309 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Recently, we’ve noticed an interesting term bandied about in networking circles. It’s called imposter syndrome. We don’t like to miss anything, so we decided to do a little research.
Here’s what we learned.
Impostor syndrome is “the idea that you’ve only succeeded due to luck, and not because of your talent or qualifications.” (Yes, Imposter Syndrome Is Real. Here’s How to Deal With It. Abigail Adams, Time Magazine, June 20, 2018).
While it smacks of insecurity, it’s not very unusual. According to Melody Wilder In her Fast Company article “The Five Types of Impostor Syndrome and How to Beat Them”, “70% of people experience impostor syndrome at some point in their career.”
If these figures are accurate, 7 out of 10 people feel they put on a good show. They’ve internalized the negative connotation that the word imposter implies – fraud, charlatan, cheat. Actually, Fake It Til You Make It sounds a whole lot better. So does Act As If. But they’re all the same — Act Confident Til You Really Know What You’re Doing — Pretend and Hope No One Notices.
The idea that 7 out of every 10 people you know believe they’ve achieved success or recognition due to luck is hard to fathom. Especially if you fall into the 7. Maybe we need to rethink how we’re thinking.
The fact is that insecurity comes quite naturally to many of us when faced with something unfamiliar — particularly if you’re a perfectionist or micromanager.
Any time you learn something new, there’s a learning curve. The more you learn, the more you understand, the more your confidence grows.
One day you realize you know this topic pretty damn well. You may not fashion yourself an expert or a specialist, but you know you can deliver a product you’re proud of. Imposter no more!
If you’re starting a business or beginning a new career, you will face hurdles. Odds are, you’ll also need to stretch and learn on the fly.
Technology changes at a maddening pace. You can’t be expected to be on top of everything in your field. But you can learn. You can attend seminars and workshops or take classes. You can network with people in your industry who may specialize in areas you don’t or who’ve found a smarter way to handle a problem. And you can ask for advice. Or help. Yes, it’s what smart people do!
For example, a web developer might belong to a developer’s forum where members share common problems, discuss solutions and evaluate themes, upgrades and plugins. A newcomer to the group might feel intimidated by members who’ve been around for a while. This can lead to the they-know-more, they’re-experts – I’m not mindset. Their advice to you? Do your best and learn as much as you can. In the meantime, act as if you know what you’re doing. It’s probably what they did starting out.
How to beat the imposter blues.
If you’re not 100% comfortable with your knowledge on a particular topic or issue, you may find yourself faking it till you are. Or you may BELIEVE you are faking it while actually knowing a lot more than you give yourself credit for (never end a sentence with preposition…apologies to my English professors).
See if this make you feel any better:
- No one starts out as an expert. It’s something you achieve with study, effort and time.
- Just because someone calls themselves an expert doesn’t make it so. Don’t let a label make you feel insecure.
- Everything we learn is new. That’s what learning is all about. Becoming knowledgeable on a topic — whether your goal is to be an expert or simply good, really good — takes work.
- Unless you feel you know something inside and out, you may still doubt your expertise.
Perfectionists often feel like imposters. This comes from never being satisfied. But you can learn how to lighten up.
Maybe it’s time to work on your self-confidence and stop worrying about what you don’t know. Glass half full time.
Jeff Atwood, who blogs at codinghorror.com, “If I’ve learned anything in my career, it is that approaching software development as an expert, as someone who has already discovered everything there is to know about a given topic, is the one surest way to fail.”
I like Atwood’s attitude. It’s humble and honest and celebrates all there is left to learn rather than getting stuck on what you don’t know.
On that note, I think this is a good place to stop.
For some excellent tips on dealing with imposter syndrome, read Abigail Adams’ Time Magazine article, ”Yes, Impostor Syndrome Is Real. Here’s How to Deal With It.”
Feel free to share any comments if imposter syndrome is something you’ve dealt with. We might use it for a follow-up post on getting ahead. | <urn:uuid:2889188f-bfa8-4d06-9d6b-8e80f9cc43bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://whatagreatwebsite.net/blog/fake-it-till-you-make-it/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.925276 | 1,152 | 2 | 2 |
On Thursday, President Barack Obama appointed Megan Smith the new U.S. Chief Technology Officer. Previously a vice president at Google, Smith ran the company’s secretive skunkworks and led business development—helping to acquire the products that would become Picasa, Google Earth, and Google Maps.
Obama also appointed Alex Macgillivray, Twitter’s former general counsel, as deputy U.S. CTO.
Smith and Macgillivray will serve as only the third appointees to their roles*. The CTO is a position of Obama’s invention, one he promised to create during his campaign. It’s a symbolic position for an administration which has long spoken of an eventual happy union of government and technology.
And when considering the president’s five years in office, technology becomes one of the sole connective threads. This is the man who was called “the Internet candidate,” whose early Middle East policy embraced online social networks, whose second term has been hampered because of the Snowden leaks and—somewhat more mundanely—a broken website.
But to me, something’s off here. Technology as a publicly considered concept has changed enormously over the past half-decade. In February 2007, when Obama first proposed the position, “you” (of -Tube renown) had just been named Time’s Person of the Year. Tech companies were focused on building giant networks where people would gather en masse. Nowadays, a tech firm is more likely to produce a tiny, niche smartphone app than a gigantic social website.
Can we track how the changing nature of technology (even digital technology, which is usually what’s intended) is understood by the White House? Other writers have asked what the CTO should do: Can we, by looking at the White House’s communication about them, figure out what CTOs are supposed to do in the first place?
Today’s tech firms and yesterday’s tech firms are similar in one big, indisputable way: They are firms—private corporations. So when the candidate Obama first proposed the idea of a government technology czar in a 2007 position paper, he borrowed its title (CTO) from the corporate world. His new administration wouldn’t introduce some measly advisor to the White House—there’d be no labels like “Assistant to the President, Associate Director for the Office of Science and Technology Policy.” (Though that is, in fact, what the CTO position is officially called.)
No, this new government position would be a C-level executive:
Obama will appoint the nation’s first Chief Technology Officer (CTO) to ensure that our government and all its agencies have the right infrastructure, policies and services for the 21st century.
And what would they do, beyond functioning as a federal sysadmin? According to the same paper, the CTO would “focus on transparency” and ensure “that each arm of the federal government makes its records open and accessible as the E-Government Act requires.” They would also, the paper says, try to get more information back from citizens—a kind of nationwide comment box—and help implement a national wireless network for emergency responders.
Most importantly, though, the CTO would sit around and know how technology companies actually work. Because in 2007 technology was a growth area in a still pre-recession economy: “In the 21st century, our economic success will depend not only on economic analysis but also on technological sophistication and direct experience in this powerful engine of our economy.”
Then the rest of campaign happened and Obama won.
On April 18, 2009, the now-President Obama announced the government’s first CTO. It was Aneesh Chopra, who hailed not from a tech firm but from the office of Virginia governor Tim Kaine. Kaine served as Virginia’s Secretary of Technology. The announcement came in his weekly radio address. Obama spent only a few sentences on Chopra—the announcement mostly dwelled on former Advisory Board CEO Jeffrey Zients joining the administration as “Chief Performance Officer.”
But there were a few sentences on Chopra. The new CTO would “promote innovation,” Obama said. This innovation would include everything from “creating jobs and reducing health care costs to keeping our nation secure.” With technology, Obama said, “we will get our deficits under control” and “put an end to the mismanagement that has plagued our government.”
There’s not much of a hard sense of what digital technology is, here. What’s interesting to me is how much the concept of technology has changed to allow it to do whatever Obama needs, politically. Budgets needed to be reduced, so technology could do that. Bureaucracy needed to be less bureaucratic—and what do you know, technology could do that too.
It’s the first time, too, Obama described the CTO and tech in general as fostering “innovation.” In terms of general amelioratives, nothing could be as all-purpose: Innovation could somehow create jobs but also lower healthcare costs. In the face of a laggard economy, innovation could always be gesticulated at.
Chopra served for nearly three years, eventually stepping down in January 2012. John Holdren—the director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy—sent him off with a blog post on the bureau’s website. Chopra, Holdren wrote, had helped set a few policies, including developing that public safety network the President had talked about as a candidate.
And among Holdren’s list was this: Chopra helped “establish a set of Internet Policy Principles including the call for a Consumer Privacy Bill of Rights.” It was the first time privacy had been mentioned in connection with the job.
The CTO slot went unfilled for a few months. In March 2012, Holdren announced the new assistant director and CTO: Todd Park. Park, like Chopra, hadn’t come out of a private firm, but had been the old CTO of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. In his welcome announcement, Holdren singled out one of Park’s most successful efforts:
He led the successful execution of an array of breakthrough initiatives, including the creation of HealthCare.gov, the first website to provide consumers with a comprehensive inventory of public and private health insurance plans available across the Nation by zip code in a single, easy-to-use tool.
These were the good old days, before ignominy shrouded that troubled URL. When Park began, HealthCare.gov was still something to be proud of. The website and its troubled implementation would wind up dominating Park’s tenure. In his final months on staff, he spent much of his time managing its rescue.
And in this week’s announcement of Smith and Macgillivray’s appointment, there were new appearances and timely allusions as well. The CTO, writes Holdren (again), will “unleash the power of technology, data, and innovation” in the administration.
Technology, check; innovation, check—but data is a new one! Indeed, the “transparency” of the 2007 announcement has been replaced by openness and data. Privacy, from Chopra’s tenure, is here too: Macgillivray will focus on “the intersection of big data, technology, and privacy.”
Thinking about technology is often instrumental thinking. We ask ourselves, what can this do for me? But a look at how Obama’s administration has talked about technology through the years reveals that the concept of technology itself is as informed by need as by changing hardware and software. Sure, data gets a mention because that’s now the rubric we use to understand any large bulk of information, but otherwise, “technology” might be described as whatever you need it to be.
* This post originally stated that Alex Macgillivray was the first U.S. Deputy CTO. We regret the error. | <urn:uuid:ffbaffa1-4cee-44b9-a2e9-c042d607326b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/09/what-does-the-chief-technology-officer-of-a-country-do/379665/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.968239 | 1,715 | 2.125 | 2 |
Lutheran Social Services helps those in need with Grateful Giving Calendar
The calendar was created by the Blue Earth County Homeless Response Team
MANKATO, Minn. (KEYC) - Lutheran Social Services is active in nine counties in southern Minnesota.
Their services include disaster assistance, family, financial and legal services to name a few.
They are also partnering with Greater Mankato Area United Way to help those who need it most this holiday season with the Grateful Giving Calendar.
“It’s more food insecurity where they don’t know where their next food is coming from. They may not have the ability to have a balanced diet,” said Kate Hengy-Gretz, crisis nursery facilitator at Lutheran Social Services.
The calendar was created by the Blue Earth County Homeless Response Team.
“Starting maybe about five years ago. Just to bring awareness to issues involving hunger and homelessness in our area,” Hengy-Gretz explained.
The calendar shows that small acts of kindness can snowball into something spectacular.
“The need is greater than ever and with the Grateful Giving Calendar, we know that we aren’t going to raise a ton of money. The important thing is to raise awareness, and if someone is aware that their neighbor is hungry. Maybe, they will offer to take them to the grocery store or maybe they might pick up an extra sack of groceries and just drop it off at their house,” Hengy-Gretz stated.
Here’s how it works: participants create a ‘bank’ at home and then follow the instructions every day in the designated month.
For example, you can deposit one dollar if you have a working furnace in your home or deposit 25 cents for each video streaming service that you have.
When the month is over, you can choose over 20 nonprofits to donate your savings to.
“We are hoping that over time the awareness grows larger,” Hengy-Gretz explained.
It’s more than just sharing what you have, it’s a way to educate your family, and friends on hunger, and homelessness.
Copyright 2021 KEYC. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:cdd7876e-4471-468f-8aab-2f0a7ef31096> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.keyc.com/2021/11/19/lutheran-social-services-help-those-need-with-grateful-giving-calendar/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.945055 | 459 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Sometimes, people will find themselves on the wrong end of the long arm of the law. When this happens, they usually face some form of punishment from a judge, but luckily, most people we know (and, probably, most people reading this article) will, at worst, commit a minor misdemeanor or a non-violent crime, and the courts will be a bit lenient.
In times of judicial leniency and mercy, the courts will often use probation rather than hard jail time to teach offenders a lesson. But what exactly is court probation, what are its conditions, and what happens if you violate it?
What is Court Probation?
In layman’s terms, a court probation is a sentence that allows the offender to serve out their sentence outside of jail, albeit under the supervision of the court and its officers. Often, court probation is handed down to offenders who have committed non-violent crimes, minor misdemeanors, and other offenses that don’t necessarily endanger the lives of the community. This doesn’t mean, however, that it’s a sign that the criminal case was weak; rather, probation comes after thorough analysis by a judge, taking into consideration numerous factors like previous criminal records, the crime itself, and so on and so forth.
Under court probation, an offender is usually given a long and exhaustive list of conditions that they must follow if they wish to continue living outside of jail. Often, people under probation must meet with a probation officer (a court-assigned individual that assesses whether or not an offender is following the court probation conditions) on a regular basis, and must usually report to court-mandated community service and/or therapy. Any violation of the conditions, and they risk being sent to jail to serve out the rest of their sentence.
Court probation is held in a special type of court called a probate court or a probation court. Here, judges exclusively deal with probation cases, from handing down probation, reviewing a person’s probationary status, or analyzing whether or not a person violated their probation conditions. If it’s the latter, the probate court will also decide what additional punishment will be meted out for every instance of a violation.
What are the Conditions of Court Probation?
The exact conditions of a persons court probations will vary wildly depending on your jurisdiction, the offense that you were convicted for, your criminal record (if applicable), how good your trial lawyer argued for you, and how lenient the judge is. It also depends on the type of court probation handed to you, whether it’s supervised or unsupervised (also known as formal and informal probation, respectively).
Often, the conditions of a person’s court probation are set by the judge who heard the case, and in most cases, the judge has broad and sole discretion on the conditions they set. There are, of course, guidelines that judges must adhere to regarding statutory probations; however, the judge can either add or subtract certain conditions depending on their judgment. In some cases, usually during formal probation, it’s the probation officer who sets the conditions using state and federal guidelines, although the judge may or may not agree to all of it.
Some of the most common conditions for informal court probations include, but are not limited to:
- Financial restitution to the victims and/or payment of fines
- Serving a set amount of community service hours
- Scheduled meetings with a probation officer
- Regular court appearances (or when ordered to appear)
- Submission to random drug testing
- Submission to warrantless searches by a probation officer
- Avoidance of individuals with criminal records
- Avoidance of places that are associated with criminal activity
- Avoidance of committing any further offenses or crimes
Common special probation conditions include:
- Compliance with a house arrest program
- Attending drug or alcohol treatment programs
- Regular payment of all court-ordered child support or other family support obligations
- Registering as a sex offender if required
Is Court Probation Different from Parole?
Yes, court probation and parole are different. Probation refers to a situation wherein the offender can serve their sentence without jail time, while parole is the supervised release of a person after they’ve served their jail and/or prison sentence. Another key difference is that a court probation is issued by a judge during the trial, while parole is granted after an offender has served a nominal amount of jail time. Probation is issued by a judge, while parole is granted by a parole board.
Either way, both scenarios offer the offenders a chance at rehabilitation and saving them from future prison time. In both scenarios, however, the offender must adhere to a very strict set of rules and regulations set by the court as well as by their probation officers.
What are the Different Types of Probation?
There are different types of court probation that a judge could issue, all of which is dependent on the type of crime, the history of the offender, what risks they pose to others and their community, and other discretions the judge may take. Regardless, however, the goal of probation is to provide the offender with a chance at rehabilitation, and as such, allows them to lead a normal life and reintegrate into lawful society.
The different types of probation that can be issued include, but are not limited to:
- Unsupervised Probation – Often issued for less serious and non-violent offenses, this type of probation allows the offender to be without direct supervision from an officer. However, they’re still required to adhere to the court-mandated probation conditions.
- Supervised Probation –This type of probation requires the offender to check-in with a court-mandated probation officer on a regular schedule. The schedule and the type of interaction is dependent on the conditions set by the court, but it usually requires either daily, weekly, or monthly phone calls and/or personal appearance with the probation officer.
- Community Control Probation – This type of probation is also called House Arrest, and requires the offender to be confined to their homes at all times until their sentence is complete. In this type of probation, the offender is required to wear a tracking device that allows the court and police to monitor their whereabouts at all times. In some cases, however, the offender can be allowed to leave their homes, but only to go to work or school.
What Happens if You Violate a Court Probation?
When an offender violates the terms of their court probation, they can be issued a felony probation violation, which will usually result in either additional restrictive conditions or, depending on the violation and the initial offense, jail time. The exact consequences for a felony probation violation will be different depending on the severity of the violation, the seriousness of the initial crime, and the discretion of the judge and/or probation officer. Often, the court will look at the offender’s past violations (if there are any), and the circumstances surrounding their violation.
The most common types of probation violation include, but are not limited to:
- Failure to appear in court dates (or when ordered)
- Failure to report to the probation officer
- Failure to pay fines or restitution
- Failure to carry out the court-mandated community service
- Associating with people with criminal records
- Traveling out of the county or state without permission from the court or the probation officer
- Possession and usage of illicit substances
- Being arrested for any reason
Depending on the situation, a probation officer can either file the violation and submit it to the court, where a judge will then review the case and decide whether or not to increase conditions and/or recommend jail time, or simply issue a warning. Again, this will vary depending on the context of the violation, the amount of times you’ve violated conditions before, and whether or not your viu | <urn:uuid:1c54c692-0ad4-4fc3-b14a-a3274063fcba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lawyersincorporated.com/court-probation-what-you-need-to-know/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948637 | 1,629 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Time is incredibly important, and unfortunately, it is impossible to magically add more minutes to the day.
If you find yourself getting distracted throughout the workday, you’re likely to waste those precious minutes.
On the other hand, when you become more productive, not only will you shine at work, but you’ll also have more time for the things you enjoy doing!
So, what can you do to be more productive?
Keep these tips in mind to get more done at work:
1. Plan your workday. Before you get started working, or even the night before, set your priorities so that you’ll know what the most important tasks are. Make a to-do list with the most important tasks at the top.
*If you’re working with your ADHD, you may experiment with adding something that is an easy warm-up task to feel successful. Avoid checking email first thing if possible, it will pull you possibly in every direction but your to-do list.
2. Follow your plan. Tackle the tasks on your to-do list in order. Complete the most important tasks early in the day! When you know that you’ve done the most important ones, the rest of the day is easier.
*With ADHD, you may want to spend more time paying attention to the energy demands of a task. Match the task to your available energy.
* When other items come up that demand your immediate attention (as they inevitably will), handle them quickly and get right back to your to-do list.
* When other tasks come up unexpectedly, determine their priority. If they have a lower priority than your current task, try to delay doing them until you finish the higher priority task.
3. Reduce distractions. If you have a private office, close the door. If you work in an open room, consider investing in some noise-canceling headphones. Playing some light music can help you to tune out the distractions.
* In order to limit interruptions from your coworkers, let others know how long you’ll be unavailable. Set a timer or block out “unavaiable” time on your calendar.
*Keep only what you need for your current task on your desk. Too much clutter is distracting. Designate a place to keep all your supplies and return them to their proper place when you’re done using them. This will also keep you from wasting time to look for needed items.
4. Avoid multitasking. You may think that you can juggle multiple jobs at the same time, but the truth is that those tasks that you’re juggling won’t be completed with the quality that you strive for. This may result in errors that you then have to spend time rectifying.
*some times having two tasks to rotate between may be helpful for a mental break. Be intentional about these!
* Research shows that it invariably works out better when you focus on one task at a time. Finish one task and then go on to the next.
5. Learn to delegate. Choose tasks from your to do list that others can complete or help you with and delegate these tasks to them. This will free up some of your time for high priority tasks that you must complete yourself.
* Trying to do too much results in an overall drop in the quality of your work, which ultimately negatively affects productivity. You only have so much time, energy and attention.
6. Take breaks. When you work for an extended period of time without taking a break, your productivity levels and efficiency drop. Try to take a break for about 5 minutes each hour.
* In your break, give your mind a rest from your work. Put it out of your mind for just a few minutes.
*Stand up and walk around. Take some deep breaths. Do a few stretches and jumping jacks to get your blood moving again.
*Go for a walk. Even if it’s just 5-10 minutes out of the office, you’ll return feeling refreshed and ready for the next task.
Keep these tips in mind to become more efficient with your time at work. You’ll get more done at work, which will make your boss happy and give you more spare time to enjoy doing the things that you love. | <urn:uuid:ced2b17f-7d63-46b5-845f-f5e323773f32> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.creativecatapultcoach.com/2020/09/productivity-at-work-6-tips-that-increase-your-efficiency-and-adhd-mods/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.943132 | 890 | 2.125 | 2 |
Law As Byproduct: Theories of Private Law Production
Abstract: Public lawmakers lack incentives to engage in a socially optimal amount of legal innovation. Private lawmaking is a potential solution to this problem. However, private lawmaking faces a dilemma: In order to be effective privately produced laws need to be publicly enacted, but under current law enactment eliminates the intellectual property rights that are essential to motivate private lawmakers. Because of this dilemma, much private lawmaking is done as a byproduct of other activities. The mixed incentives entailed in this "byproduct" approach make it a second-best response to the problems of public lawmaking. Potential solutions involve finding a better balance between public access and private rights. | <urn:uuid:0d61660f-890f-4f35-b2e6-47c6a5564c81> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://papers.sioe.org/paper/625.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.941766 | 141 | 1.601563 | 2 |
PHILADELPHIA - Language used in everyday social media posts may have a strong connection to an individual's health, according to new research from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. In the first study of its kind, the new results suggest that not only are many adult Facebook and Twitter users willing to share their social media data and medical data for research purposes, but that by building a language databank, it may be possible to link social media content to health outcomes. Results of the study are published online today in the journal BMJ Quality & Safety.
"We don't often think of our social media content as data, but the language we use and the information we post may offer valuable insights into the relationship between our everyday lives and our health," said the study's senior author, Raina M. Merchant, MD, MSHP, director of the Social Media and Health Innovation Lab and an assistant professor of Emergency Medicine at Penn Medicine. "Finding ways to effectively harness and mine that data could prove to be a valuable source of information about how and why patients communicate about their health. There is a rich potential to identify health trends both in the general public and at the individual level, create education campaigns and interventions, and much more. One of the unique aspects of this data is the ability to link social media data with validated information from a health record."
In the study, patients visiting an Emergency Department were asked if they used social media, and if they would be willing to share their social media data and electronic medical data with health researchers, for the purpose of building a research database. Similar to existing banks of genomic data, the research database of language and other social media data allows researchers to draw correlations between participants' online content and their health. More than 1,000 participants consented to share their social media and medical data over seven months. Analyzing content from as far back as 2009, the shared social media data consisted of nearly 1.4 million posts and tweets to Facebook and Twitter, comprising almost 12 million words.
"The social media and health data bank, which we are continuing to build, serves a valuable purpose in helping us think about health in new ways, some of which we haven't even begun to consider," Merchant said. "Just as genetic information is banked to track potential future health, previously unobservable social media postings -- made up of words, language, and conversations -- may also be banked from consenting individuals and evaluated for potential correlations with health and health outcomes."
Some of the information is explicit like "I forgot to take my water pill for my heart failure today," and others are more subtle like a series of photos with salty foods. Variations in word complexity could suggest cognitive decline, or a change in the number of words per post or network size might be indicative of a depressed mental status. Posted content could also reveal information about adherence to prescribed medications, new medical conditions, or health behaviors like exercise and diets.
The researchers also found that individuals with a given diagnosis in their electronic medical record were significantly more likely to use terms related to that diagnosis on Facebook than patients without that diagnosis in their electronic medical record. For example, among individuals diagnosed with abdominal pain, 21 percent used terms such as "stomach pain" and "belly ache" on Facebook compared to eight percent of individuals without that diagnosis who used those terms.
"These findings suggests that social media is a promising avenue for exploring how patients conceptualize and communicate about their specific health issues," said Lyle Ungar, PhD, a professor of Computer Science at the University of Pennsylvania's School of Engineering and Applied Science, and a co-author on the study. "We see this as just the first of many studies to come examining the relationship between health and social media."
Merchant emphasized that attention to patient confidentiality was critically important for the research project. "All participants consented to having their data shared, and strict policies for protecting health record data were adhered to. The opportunity for studying new connections in social media and health is significant as we were able to collect patients' digital footprints in a way that is transparent and attentive to issues of patient privacy."
Other Penn co-authors are Kevin A. Padrez MD (also with the department of Emergency Medicine, the University of California, San Francisco); H. Andrew Schwartz PhD; Robert J Smith; Shawndra Hill PhD; Tadas Antanavicius; Dana M. Brown; Patrick Crutchley; and David A. Asch MD, MBA.
The study was funded through an Innovation Grant from the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics at the University of Pennsylvania.
Penn Medicine is one of the world's leading academic medical centers, dedicated to the related missions of medical education, biomedical research, and excellence in patient care. Penn Medicine consists of the Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (founded in 1765 as the nation's first medical school) and the University of Pennsylvania Health System, which together form a $4.9 billion enterprise. The Perelman School of Medicine has been ranked among the top five medical schools in the United States for the past 17 years, according to U.S. News & World Report's survey of research-oriented medical schools. The School is consistently among the nation's top recipients of funding from the National Institutes of Health, with $409 million awarded in the 2014 fiscal year.
The University of Pennsylvania Health System's patient care facilities include: The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania -- recognized as one of the nation's top "Honor Roll" hospitals by U.S. News & World Report; Penn Presbyterian Medical Center; Chester County Hospital; Penn Wissahickon Hospice; and Pennsylvania Hospital -- the nation's first hospital, founded in 1751. Additional affiliated inpatient care facilities and services throughout the Philadelphia region include Chestnut Hill Hospital and Good Shepherd Penn Partners, a partnership between Good Shepherd Rehabilitation Network and Penn Medicine.
Penn Medicine is committed to improving lives and health through a variety of community-based programs and activities. In fiscal year 2014, Penn Medicine provided $771 million to benefit our community.
BMJ Quality & Safety | <urn:uuid:c5d30569-3d14-4a67-829e-e34a23aa1f05> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/519340 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.951906 | 1,263 | 2.796875 | 3 |
American multinational corporation, the Ford Motor Company, has produced some truly iconic and varied vehicles over the decades. The 1980s saw the rise of the performance daily driver, from powerful hot hatches like the Fiesta XR2 and Ford Escort RS Turbo to legendary sedans like the Sierra RS Cosworth. Due to economic uncertainty and a fuel crisis, the specialty sports car had fallen somewhat out of favor and Ford had to come up with new models to reclaim sales.
As the end of the combustion engine performance car seems inevitable, now is a good time to look back at some of the best models Ford produced in the 1980s.
10 1986 Ford Sierra RS Cosworth
Ford’s legendary Sierra RS Cosworth was launched in 1986. The car was designed to enable Ford to participate in “Group A” races, to achieve this, 5000 road models had to be built to homologate the car.
The car takes its name from the 2.0-litre four-cylinder “Cosworth” turbo engine located under the hood. The most distinguishing feature of the car is the huge rear wing, also known as the ‘whale tail’.
9 1982 Ford Capri 2.8i
The Capri was Ford of Europe’s answer to the Mustang. The third generation car was released in 1978 and remained in production until 1986. In 1982 the car got a powerful 2.8-litre V6, which replaced the 3.0-litre Essex V6 fitted earlier, but due to emissions regulations was destroyed.
The new engine produced 160 hp, allowing the car to propel itself from 0 to 100 km/h in 7.8 seconds, before reaching a top speed of 131 km/h.
8 1986 Ford RS200
The RS200 for the road was put into service to homologate the car for Group B rallies. About 200 units were produced, each equipped with four-wheel drive.
The car had a mid-engine configuration, which was based on a 1.8-liter turbocharged four-cylinder engine. The unit delivered 253 horsepower and the car was fast, completing 0-60 mph in 6.1 seconds. Mated to a five-speed manual transmission, the car had a top speed of 140 mph. A more powerful “Evolution” model officially became the fastest accelerating car in the world, holding a Guinness world record for 12 years. This version took just 3.07 seconds to go from 0-60 mph, which is exceptionally fast even by today’s standards.
7 1983 Ford Escort XR3i
The hot Escort XR3i was produced by Ford from 1983 to 1986. The car was a hit with buyers as it combined performance with affordability and good looks too. The XR3i was equipped with a 106 hp 1.6-liter engine.
To develop the car, Ford added fuel injection to the XR3’s engine and managed to get more performance.
6 1987 Ford Thunderbird Turbo Coupe
The ninth generation Ford Thunderbird was introduced in 1983, before undergoing a major overhaul in 1987 for its final two years of production. The exterior of the car was modified to improve aerodynamics and a revised headlight design was introduced.
The car had a 190 hp 2.3-liter turbocharged 4-cylinder engine. The slimmed down engine was unlike many rivals, which were usually equipped with V8 units. The Thunderbird had a top speed of 137 mph, while 0-60 mph took 8 seconds.
5 1984 Ford Fiesta Mk2 XR2
Powered by a 1.6-litre, 97-hp 4-cylinder engine, the XR2 had a top speed of 112 mph and would go from 0-60 mph in just over 10 seconds.
The look of the car was a major force, with round grille mounted lights and an overall sporty look. Compared to many others on this list, the car didn’t get the recognition it deserved, so it remains quite affordable.
4 1984 Ford Mustang SVO
The 1984 Mustang was the first car released by Ford’s “Special Vehicle Operations” (SVO) group. The aim of the car was to lure gearboxes back to the brand, after increasing competition and profitability.
Under the hood was a 2.3-liter 4-cylinder turbo engine. The unit had enough poke to blast the car from 0-60 mph in just 7.5 seconds, while the top speed was 128 mph. Approximately 10,000 units were produced during the production run, making it quite an exclusive model.
3 1985 Ford Escort RS Turbo
Powered by a 1.6 liter turbo engine, the Escort developed 134 horsepower and earned its “RS” badge, one of the fastest hot hatches on the market. The car had distinctive styling, with most units finished in white and coming complete with seven-spoke alloy wheels and a small rear spoiler.
Notably, Princess Diana owned a modified SVO divisional version of the car, which came in a beautiful jet black paint color not available from the factory. The car has just come up for sale and will be auctioned on August 27, 2022 by Silverstone Auctions.
2 1982 Ford Cortina Crusader
Like a swan song, Ford introduced the Crusader to mark the end of Cortina production. The car was very well specified and came with a range of engine options from the basic 1.3-litre to the top-end 2.0-litre.
The car sold well and became one of Ford’s best-selling special edition cars. In total, approximately 30,000 copies were purchased. Both sedan and station wagon versions were available, adding to its appeal and helping to justify its sales success.
1 1987 Ford Mustang GT 5.0
The 1987 Ford Mustang received a radical restyling compared to the models that preceded it. Despite the “Fox” bodied Mustang being available for a number of years, the 1987 version brought the look all the way up to date.
Changes were also made under the hood, with an updated 5.0 V8 making 225 horsepower, an increase of 25 horsepower. | <urn:uuid:ec83d665-df29-4838-b68f-5f1822ec861d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sultanbeyliihl.com/10-best-ford-creations-of-the-1980s/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.970897 | 1,293 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Iraqi Foreign Minister Fuad Hussein announced on Thursday that his country is hosting mediation talks between Egypt, Jordan, and Iran.
Without giving any further details, the top diplomat made the revelation during an interview with a Saudi-funded television.
Both Cairo and Amman have yet to comment on the report.
Improving relations between Tehran and Cairo serves the interest of the region and the world, Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian stated earlier this week.
Since the two countries severed their relations following the 1979 Islamic Revolution, diplomatic representation between Egypt and Iran is at the level of interest section office.
In an effort to ease tension between the two regional arch-foes, Iraq has hosted several rounds of mediation talks between Saudi Arabia and Iran.
Hussein called for turning the talks between Tehran and Riyadh into a “declared dialogue” during the interview.
Following an attack on the Saudi Embassy in Tehran after Shia cleric Nimr al-Nimr was executed by Saudi authorities, Iran and Saudi Arabia severed diplomatic relations in January 2016.
After Iran, in September 2016, accused Riyadh of deliberately causing the death of around 400 Iranian pilgrims in a 2015 stampede in the Muslim holy city of Mecca, the relationship between the two rivals deteriorated further.
Often accusing each other of waging a proxy war for regional influence the two sides have since been engaged in a strong regional rivalry. | <urn:uuid:2b1fb4e1-cf91-4956-a922-1f6f8ea6f7ea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://menaaffairs.com/mediation-talks-between-egypt-jordan-iran-hosted-by-iraq/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.962329 | 286 | 1.75 | 2 |
pls explain why is this error( NameError : name ‘ds’ is not defined)
from torchvision import datasets, transforms
path = 'D:/work/train'
ds = datasets.ImageFolder(root=path)
NameError : name ‘ds’ is not defined
ds = dataset.ImageFolder(root=path) seems to raise an exception, which is caught in the
expect block and thrown away since you are just using
pass instead of notifying the user.
ds is never initialized and
len(ds) will raise the next exception.
yes. The problem is some folders(labels) are empty. so any other way to load the dataset with empty folders?
You need to provide a path to a valid dataset where each subfolder contains valid image data types.
If some of the folders are empty, this error will be raised, so remove these empty folders. | <urn:uuid:8d1b3a64-5200-4215-a0b8-8fcd6b94b882> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://discuss.pytorch.org/t/pytorch-dataset-image-loading/155700 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.804532 | 217 | 1.945313 | 2 |
How to Enable NTFS Writing on M1 Mac? | In the recent release of computers, the Apple Silicon M1 Mac is the latest MacBook introduction in the Apple laptop collection. Just like its Intel sibling, the M1 Mac still has the read-only NTFS drive restriction as to its default. This Mac version does not support editing files or folders on NTFS external hard drives that connect to it, and it is also unable to enable NTFS writing. This article will show you some solutions to deal with such problems.
Solutions to Enable NTFS Writing on M1 Mac
Below are some of the ways you can enable writing functionality on NTFS drives on M1 Mac. They include:
#1 NTFS for Mac Software
To breach the compatibility between NTFS devices and your M1 Mac, you can use few software options. The most effective is iBoysoft NTFS for Mac program. This software can read and write to NTFS drives that are connected to your Apple silicon M1 Mac. This NTFS read-only solution is a fully compatible solution that works well across the various operating system versions on the M1 Mac. To start using this software solution and enjoying the benefits it provides, here are the requirements.
- Download iBoysoft NTFS for Mac app from the official site of iBoysoft and install it following the instruction from the installation wizard.
- On completion of the installation, enable system extension, and then restart your M1 Mac.
3. After restarting, connect the NTFS drive to your Mac and use the software to read and write to your NTFS drives on your Apple silicon M1 Mac.
The above steps are the requirement you need to follow if you want to start enjoying the benefits that come with the iBoysoft NTFS for Mac software. On installation and restart, you can now read and write to any external NTFS drive on the M1 Mac.
Using the Terminal program to enable writing support to NTFS drives is another action you can take to enable NTFS writing on your M1 Mac. To enable NTFS writing on M1 Mac via Terminal, follow the steps below.
- From your Finder program, search and select the Terminal command window. You should find the Terminal option under ‘Utilities’.
- Launch Terminal and type in the following command sudo nano /etc/fstab to access the /etc/fstab system configuration file. This is useful for editing nano text editor.
3. Continue by typing the command LABEL=NAME none ntfs rw, auto,nobrowse.
Note: replace ‘NAME’ with the NTFS drive name before entering this command.
- Press ‘Ctrl+O’ before pressing the enter button to save the fstab system configuration file.
After completing the above steps, you can proceed to close the Terminal and enjoy the ability to read and write on NTFS drives without any limitation.
#3 exFAT/FAT32 Format on M1 Mac
The exFAT and FAT32 file systems are compatible file systems with the M1 Mac. Converting NTFS drives into exFAT/FAT32 file systems makes them writable automatically. The conversion process is detailed below.
- From the ‘Finder’ program, search and select the ‘Disk Utility’ option.
- Select the NTFS drive from the left side panel of the ‘Disk Utility’ menu.
3. Select ‘Erase’ on the top menu of the Disk Utility menu
4. Select either ‘exFAT’ or ‘FAT32’ file system option from the drop-down option and then click Erase.
5. This reconfigures the external drive to your file system selection. Make sure that the external drive does not contain any data or you have backed up it before you are going to carry out this reformatting. This is to avoid losing your important data.
The three methods mentioned in this article can be used to fix the NTFS drive read-only issue on M1 Mac. Among them, using NTFS for Mac software is the simplest way. On the internet, there are software solutions that provide the compatibility to read and write to NTFS drives on Mac. However, there are a handful of software solutions that are compatible with the Apple silicon M1 Mac. iBoysoft NTFS for Mac is one standout software you can trust. | <urn:uuid:40be8590-4396-4689-974b-6fb1917f9634> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://negosentro.com/how-to-enable-ntfs-writing-on-m1-mac/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.877505 | 955 | 1.710938 | 2 |
What is Variance Analysis?
Variance Analysis is defined as an analysis of the performance of a business or process by means of variances which involves the process of computing the amount and isolating the cause of variances between actual cost and standard cost. Variance Analysis helps in analyzing the difference between Actual Cost and Standard Cost and provides the key to cost control which enables management to correct adverse tendencies as well as understand the areas of concern and improvement. In short Variance Analysis involves the computation of Individual Variances and determination of causes of each such variance.
When Actual Cost is higher than the Standard Cost, Variance Analysis is said to be Unfavorable or Adverse which is a sign of inefficiency and thereby reduces the profit of the business. Similarly, when Actual Cost is less than the Standard Cost, Variance Analysis is said to be Favorable and is a sign of improvement in efficiency or it may be due to the production substandard product or an incorrect standard.
Accordingly, Variance Analysis helps the management of the business to:
- Understand the amount of variance
- Its occurrence and factors responsible for it
- Take appropriate action to obviate or reduce such a variance
However it is pertinent to note here that not all variances which are reported through Variance Analysis are controllable, some are Uncontrollable as well. An uncontrollable Variance is one that is not amenable to control by individual or departmental action and is caused by external factors such as a change in market conditions, fluctuations in demand and supply, etc over which the business doesn’t have any control and as such are uncontrollable in nature.
Variance Analysis can be computed under each element of cost for which standards have been established and each such variance can be analyzed to ascertain the causes and necessary action can be undertaken. For instance, Material Price Variance will help the business to understand the variance caused due to a change in the price of the material. Furthermore, by analyzing the total variances component-wise, a business can determine and isolate the causes giving rise to each variance.
Examples of Variance Analysis
Let’s understand the Variance Analysis with the help of few examples:
Standard Cost of Product AB manufactured by Ram International is furnished below:
|Material (5 units @ Rs 4 each)||
|Labor (20 hours @ Rs 1.50 per hour)||
|Total Product Cost||
Actual Units produced were 8000 units and Actual Cost is as follows:
|Material ( 40500 units @ Rs 5 each)||
|Labor ( 150000 hours @ Rs 1.60 per hour)||
Based on the above illustration let’s do the Variance Analysis for each component of Cost
|Particulars||Standard Cost ( in Rs)||Actual Cost ( in Rs)||Variance ( in Rs)|
|Material||160000 (8000* 20)||202500||42500 (Adverse)|
|Lab0r||240000 ( 8000* 30)||240000||—|
|Overhead Expenses||80000 (8000*10)||90000||10000 (Adverse)|
Thus by using Variance Analysis Ram International can identify the cost components which are showing variation and accordingly can take corrective actions.
The Standard Material input required for 20000 kgs of a finished product are given below:
|Material||Quantity ( in Kg)||Standard Rate Per Kg||Total (Quantity * Std Rate)|
And now we have to calculate the standard output we have a standard loss of 2000 kg
Minus standard loss from Total Quality kg to we get the standard output
Actual production in the period was 20000 kg. Details of Actual quantities of material used and the prices paid are as under:
|Material||Quantity ( in Kg)||Purchase Price per Kg||Total (Quantity * Std Rate)|
And now we have to calculate the Actual Cost we have an Actual loss of 3000 kg.
Minus standard loss from Total Quality kg to we get actual output.
Based on the above illustration let’s compute Material Cost Variance and Material Price Variance:
- Material Cost Variance = Standard Cost – Actual Cost
- Material Cost Variance = Rs (800000 – 839000)
- Material Cost Variance = Rs 390000 (Adverse)
Now, we will find the Material Price Variance by using the Material Price Variance.
- Material Price Variance= Actual Quantity ( Standard Price- Actual Price)
- Material A = 10000 (Rs 20- Rs 19)
- Material A = Rs 10000 (Favorable)
- Material B = 8500 (Rs 40- Rs 42)
- Material B = Rs 17000 (Adverse)
- Material C = 4500 (Rs 60- Rs 65)
- Material C = Rs 22500 (Adverse)
Things to Remember About Variance Analysis
- Variance Analysis helps in identifying the reasons for higher cost and deviations from standard cost and helps management to analyze whether the higher cost is well justified or requires punitive actions for correcting the same.
- Variances arising out of each factor should be correctly segregated. If a part of variance due to one factor is wrongly attributed to or merged with that of another, the analysis report submitted to the Management can result in misleading and incorrect inferences.
- There should be promptness in reporting Controllable Variances to the Management so that corrective actions can be undertaken timely.
Major Areas of Variance Analysis
Variance Analysis finds its utility in the below-mentioned cost areas of business:
- Variance Analysis is suitable for finding Material Price Variances which can be caused as a result of changes in the market price of the material used in the manufacturing etc.
- Variance Analysis is suitable for finding Material Usage Variances which can be caused as a result of spoilage in the usage of materials, inefficiency in production, etc.
- Variance Analysis is useful in finding Labor Variance which is further subdivided into Labor Efficiency Variance and Labor Rate Variance. By doing such Labor Variance Analysis reasons for variation can be unearthed.
Variance Analysis is an important measure in Cost Accounting and involves an examination of variances in detail and evaluation of them which can be either based on cost or based on Sales and forms an integral part of the Standard Costing System. It serves as an important tool by which business managers ensure adequate control and undertake corrective action whenever the need arises (mostly in the case of Adverse Variation). However, it should be used on major cost and revenue items to safeguard the time and cost involved in doing such an analysis of the management.
This has been a guide to Variance Analysis. Here we look at the calculation and examples of variance analysis including Material Price Variances and Material Cost Variances. You may also take a look at the following articles to learn more – | <urn:uuid:df0f50b7-ecda-4174-bfd1-00ba869ca52e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.educba.com/variance-analysis/?source=leftnav | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.8962 | 1,657 | 3.21875 | 3 |
The main window is the NAMO control center. From here you can manage your local DNS server.
The status indicator is located at the top of the main window on the right.
NAMO Services are background processes that update the configuration files for the DNS Server when address changes occur. This can be the case, for example, if your Mac has been assigned a new IP address or if there are new MAMP Viewer hosts.
The colour of the dots indicates the status.
- grey = does not run or stopped
- green = running or started
Most of the window is taken up by the Hosts table in the middle. Here you can see all hosts that have been resolved by the DNS Server. Duplicate host entries (when a host is displayed in multiple groups) are displayed in light gray. The hosts are divided into three groups:
All manually added hosts to NAMO.
Hosts from /etc/hosts
All hosts from the “/etc/hosts” file. For this, the automatic resolution of hosts from the “/etc/hosts” file must be enabled in the preferences.
MAMP Viewer Hosts
All MAMP PRO hosts with “MAMP Viewer” setting enabled. The MAMP PRO servers must be started and the option “MAMP Viewer hosts from MAMP PRO” must be activated in the preferences.
”+”- / “-“ button
- Click the “+” button to add a new NAMO host.
- Click the “-“ button to remove the selected NAMO host.
With a click on this button you open the preferences.
With the Start/Stop button you can start or stop the DNS Server and the NAMO Services.
- hosts file (Wikipedia) | <urn:uuid:39a06913-631c-4bb8-8e07-694238ba7ceb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://documentation-namo-1.mamp.info/NAMO/en/Mac/Main-Window/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.861827 | 436 | 1.65625 | 2 |
On line payday lending has get to be the crazy West of customer finance, replete with fraudulence, threats and unauthorized account withdrawals.
That’s the image painted by a study released on by the Pew Charitable Trusts thursday. The report employs present actions by federal regulators against fraudulent lenders that are online.
Pay day loans are often tiny, short-term, high-interest loans built in advance of the paycheck. Typically, payday lenders operated away from storefronts, but increasingly, the loans are going towards the Web; about a 3rd of pay day loans are actually originated on line. On the web borrowers tend become more youthful, more educated while having greater incomes than storefront borrowers, the report discovered.
On line loan providers, but, are showing much more problematic compared to version that is brick-and-mortar
The Pew report unearthed that online loan providers account fully for about 90 per cent of complaints about payday advances designed to the greater company Bureau, predicated on overview of 4,070 complaints from 2011.
In a call with reporters, Nick Bourke, manager of Pew’s small-dollar loans task, described the report as being a comprehensive industry overview, according to industry filings, customer focus teams and a study with 703 pay day loan borrowers carried out in 2012. The margin of sampling mistake for the study is plus or minus 4 portion points.
The report unearthed that almost a 3rd of online borrowers reported being threatened in a few real means by way of a loan provider or financial obligation collector, getting, as an example, threats that lenders will contact borrowers’ friends or companies, see their workplace or ask them to arrested when they don’t spend on time. Such harassment is usually unlawful under federal commercial collection agency legislation, Mr. Bourke stated: “Generally, loan providers can’t phone you up and jeopardize to possess you arrested.â€
A twist with online payday lenders is that most obtain clients from alleged lead generators, online agents that take debtor information then offer it to loan providers, whom may spend as much as $125 a job candidate. The charges have a tendency to drive up the expense of online loans, although the operators don’t have actually to keep up branches, the report stated. Lead generators consist of organizations like MoneyMutual, which advertises its solutions greatly on tv and radio, the report noted. Customers with the agents could be confused about whom their lender that is actual is rendering it hard to contact some body if you have an issue, the report noted.
The details gathered by brokers includes banking account information as well as other details that are personal and it has in some instances finished up in the arms of fraudulent loan providers whom take part in so-called money grab schemes. Final month, the customer Financial Protection Bureau together with Federal Trade Commission took action to turn off two sets of online payday lenders accused of creating unauthorized loans then electronically deducting payments from debtor bank reports. Some borrowers had merely been comparison shopping on the web and hadn’t authorized any loans, and had been amazed whenever funds were deducted from their records.
About a third of online borrowers that are payday experiencing unauthorized withdrawals — that is, funds had been extracted from their account without their permission — relating to a loan. And 39 per cent stated that their individual or information that is financial offered to many other organizations without their knowledge.
While issues with online loan providers are extensive, they’re not universal, the report noted;
some bigger loan providers have quite complaints that are few help a crackdown on abusive methods. Users of the web Lenders Alliance, a business team, consent to follow guidelines that assist guarantee treatment that is fair of.
Within an statement that is emailed on the web Lenders stated: “While you will find bad actors nowadays that needs to be identified and driven away from company, O.L.A. and its own people will work to make sure ındividuals are treated fairly and employ the borrowing products responsibly, including supplying help, such as for instance a payment plan, whenever individuals are struggling to repay their loans.â€
Below are a few questions regarding online payday financing:
â– will there be a real way to borrow safely from on line payday lenders?
Customers have to know that “there will be a lot of danger within the online financing market,†Mr. Bourke stated. When you provide information that is personal a lead generator, he stated, it could be offered and resold, and customers have actually small possibility of managing where it eventually ends up. Because of the danger, he stated, “offline options†might be most readily useful.
â– whom regulates payday that is online?
States generally oversee payday lenders, but Pew discovered that about 70 percent of online payday lenders were maybe maybe perhaps maybe not certified in every the states where they operated, which managed to get hard to rein in abuses. The report urges wider regulation that is federal of industry to guard borrowers. The buyer Financial Protection Bureau was examining the industry and is reported to be considering rules that are new payday lenders.
â– Where may I whine about a nagging issue with a quick payday loan?
You can easily whine towards the attorney general or finance regulator in a state, or even the buyer Financial Protection Bureau. | <urn:uuid:b7db36cd-84ee-4a53-a5a8-6c5072da0587> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://knowledgegrab.com/customers-warned-about-pitfalls-of-online-pay-day-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.96807 | 1,114 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Factors that precipitate and maintain inter-personal violence inflicted by binge drinkers
MetadataShow full item record
The article discusses a study that was initiated as a follow-up to a wider study, the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study of 2005, and also reports on factors that precipitate and maintain interpersonal violence inflicted by binge drinkers. Using focus group discussions and in-depth interviews, a total 60 participants was purposefully selected. The results established as precipitating and maintenance factors of the alcoholviolence link: A culture of drinking based on societal norms that condone binge drinking for men; A culture of violence based on social norms and attitudes that condone violence against women; A culture of expectations and a form of entitlement based on patriarchal notions of masculinity related to male control over women and male sexual entitlement. Most women are defiant about these expectations, resulting in gender role transgressions, binge drinking and more violence perpetrated against them. A holistic type of intervention is suggested based on the ecological model.
- Faculty of Health Sciences | <urn:uuid:093a66c9-5328-4c99-bd29-16048ef4125d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://repository.nwu.ac.za/handle/10394/17477 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.927711 | 245 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Updated: October 4, 2020 8:46:15 pm
Written by Shubham Gupta
The micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) sector is the backbone of the country’s economy. Not only does the sector contribute nearly 30 per cent to the GDP, but the six crore MSMEs in the country also promote inclusive growth by providing employment to around 11 crore people. In next five to six years, MSMEs are envisaged to contribute 50 per cent to India’s GDP and create 15 crore jobs.
These staggering numbers highlight our reliance on MSMEs. However, when it comes to meeting climate commitments and transitioning to low-carbon, sustainable development, expectations from MSMEs are low: They are limited to mere compliance with relevant environmental laws. There is no strategic roadmap to empower MSMEs to deal with transition risks, even as the global demand and supply chains swiftly shift to greener, environment-friendly processes and products while capitalising on newly generated business opportunities. For example, the transition from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) is expected to have a significant bearing on MSMEs in the auto-component industry as EVs have just 20 moving parts as compared to 2,000 parts in ICE vehicles. The competition is also expected to increase as new players such as tech companies and battery manufacturers, enter this industry.
Due to its unorganised nature and small size of individual firms (approximately 99 per cent of Indian MSMEs are micro-sized), the sector is among the most vulnerable in the Indian economy. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted this vulnerability as it is apprehended that millions of MSMEs are expected to shut down their operations owing to reduced demand caused by the lockdown. To combat this, the Rs 20-lakh-crore COVID-response package announced by the finance minister has several interventions targeting MSMEs including a much-needed revision in its definition. While these interventions should provide immediate relief to MSMEs, they miss out on the opportunity to provide a green stimulus.
Subscriber Only Stories
As per an assessment report on financial packages announced by various countries, India’s COVID-19 response stimulus is a brown package with no positive impact on the current trajectory of its manufacturing and energy industries. In comparison, countries such as South Korea, Germany, France, etc., have a net green fiscal stimulus.
For India, just achieving economic growth is not sufficient. We require job-led growth to provide employment to 400 million plus workforce. This makes the MSMEs’ green transition extremely important as green sectors such as renewable energy (RE) and energy efficiency (EE) create more jobs than fossil fuel industries. A 2017 study by the University of Massachusetts estimates that a $1-million (approximately Rs 7.34 crore) investment in RE or EE creates more than seven jobs vis-à-vis just 2.65 jobs in fossil fuel industries. A MSME-led green transition can create millions of additional jobs in the country at lower additional cost than large industries.
Catalysing the green transition of MSMEs requires recognition that downside risks of policy and demand uncertainties are more severe for them as compared to upsides. Most of them are technically and financially constrained to invest in new interventions, even if they recognise the business case for greening. However, certain government interventions can contribute in overcoming existing barriers.
Public procurement by the government, the largest purchaser of goods and services, constitutes nearly 20-22 per cent of GDP. Presently, 25 per cent of this procurement is mandated from MSMEs. However, there is no green focus in this procurement. Inclusion of a green procurement mandate in the public procurement can incentivise MSME suppliers to shift to greener products and processes. Green public procurement has been used by most OECD countries. India’s own limited experience in procurement of LED lamps, star rating of appliances, etc., has been encouraging.
Access to finance is one of the biggest challenges among Indian MSMEs, with the overall financing gap estimated to be $ 400 billion. While addressing this gap may take significantly longer time, tailored green financing programmes in key technologies and sectors such as waste management, electric vehicles, energy efficiency, renewables, will boost MSME growth in these sectors.
An increasing number of Indian MSMEs are getting integrated in global value chains, providing products and services to bigger players. A value chain driven approach of promoting greener processes and products will allow for more equitable distribution of the compliance cost. Global tech or corporate giants at the helm of these value chains should be nudged or regulated to co-share the onus of greening their respective sectoral value chains by providing necessary support to MSMEs at lower rungs. Based on global experiences, it is not an easy task but strengthening our policy framework on corporate sustainability should help us move in the right direction.
Incentives and penalties should work in tandem to promote good behaviour. Taxation of negative externalities and subsidisation or tax rebate on green investments can help nudge SMEs to go beyond just compliance. Environment regulations can also be upgraded based on risks posed by different sectors. However, these regulations need to be tested for their impact on MSMEs before large-scale enforcement.
Research and Development (R&D), skill development programmes, and strengthening of network linkages between research institutions, academia and MSMEs are required for enabling greater access to local innovations, knowledge and skill sets that are otherwise inaccessible. While this requirement is consistent across all sectors, sector-specific programmes for MSMEs would be beneficial. Similarly, training and capacity building on managerial aspects such as risk management and business development are crucial for encouraging MSMEs’ participation in new markets for environment-friendly products.
Lastly, MSMEs cannot be responsive to India’s green growth ambitions if their survival is consistently at stake either due to natural disasters or pandemics. To this end, there is a need to focus on adaptation strategies that can help Indian MSMEs withstand and quickly recover from such shocks. This is a multi-dimensional issue which requires continuous research, innovation in risk financing products, awareness and training, and inclusion of MSME considerations in national and state-level disaster and climate adaptation plans.
The writer is Manager (Climate Finance), Climate Resilience Practice programme, World Resources Institute India. Vieware s personal
📣 Join our Telegram channel (The Indian Express) for the latest news and updates
- The Indian Express website has been rated GREEN for its credibility and trustworthiness by Newsguard, a global service that rates news sources for their journalistic standards. | <urn:uuid:91ef6be3-bd7b-4036-8419-1becf8b6666d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/economy-micro-small-and-medium-enterprises-unemployement-6702817/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.929504 | 1,366 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Dear Thomas, didst thou never pop
Thy head into a tin-man's shop?
There, Thomas, didst thou never see
('Tis but by way of simile)
A squirrel spend his little rage
In jumping round a rolling cage?
The cage, as either side turn'd up,
Striking a ring of bells a-top?—
Mov'd in the orb, pleas'd with the chimes,
The foolish creature thinks he climbs:
But here or there, turn wood or wire,
He never gets two inches higher.
So fares it with those merry blades,
That frisk it under Pindus' shades.
In noble songs, and lofty odes,
They tread on stars, and talk with gods;
Still dancing in an airy round,
Still pleas'd with their own verses' sound;
Brought back, how fast soe'er they go,
Always aspiring, always low. | <urn:uuid:5c39d95d-bfcc-4f55-9193-01b3ed9f0df1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://poetree.club/poems/a-simile | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.897965 | 209 | 1.742188 | 2 |
- Funding to Date*
When your cells make instructions in the form of mRNAs, there are also many small RNAs (sRNAs) that regulate those instructions. They regulate the health and disease of all living things, and researchers are now finding out that their activity patterns are indicative of overall patterns in the body.
Turns out, this is a good strategy for biomarker discovery. Gatehouse developed an RNA analytics platform intended to classify patient samples with binary accuracy. The company’s platform identifies small RNA biomarkers and discovers molecular pathways of disease through deep analysis of small RNAs and accelerates the development of targeted therapies, enabling custom bio-markers and companion diagnostics driving cures. | <urn:uuid:b2575b9d-551a-458f-81e7-40d8f4c666ec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://indiebio.co/company/gatehouse-bio-fka-srnalytics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.921584 | 177 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Robert Houdin was actually named Jean-Eugène Robert on his birth in Blois, France, on 6 December 1805 His father, Prosper Robert, ran a business as a watchmaker in Blois. Tragically, Jean-Eugene’s mother, the former Marie-Catherine Guillon, died when he was a very young child. When Jean-Eugène reached the age of eleven, he was sent by his father, Prosper to school to the University of Orléans. He graduated at the age of 18, and returned to Blois.
Although his father wanted him to be a lawyer, he was determined to follow into his father’s footsteps as a watchmaker. Instead of studying law, he tinkered with mechanical gadgets. His employer sent him back to his father. He was told that he was better suited as a watchmaker than a lawyer, but by then, Jean’s father had already retired, so he became an apprentice to his cousin who had a watch-shop. For a short time, Jean-Eugène worked as a watchmaker doing conjuring on the side but later, he would go on to perform at social parties as a professional magician in Europe and the United States. It was at one such party that he met the daughter of a Parisian watchmaker, Monsieur Jacques François Houdin, who had also come from Jean-Eugène Robert’s native Blois. The daughter’s name was Josèphe Cecile Houdin, and it was love at first sight. On July 8, 1830, they were married. He hyphenated his own name to hers and became Robert-Houdin.
He moved to Paris and worked in his father-in-law’s wholesale shop where he was able to tinker with mechanical toys and automatic figures. This would lead to his later fascination with automata.
Along with working in the shop, Jean-Eugène was still practicing magic and after a chance visit to a magic shop on the Rue Richelieu which was owned by a Père (Papa) Roujol, he met fellow magicians, both amateur and professional, and was able to chat about conjuring as well as indulge his fascination with mechanical creations. Soon he was building his own mechanical figures, like a singing bird, a dancer on a tightrope, and an automaton doing the cups and balls magic routine.
Sadly, in 1843, Josèphe died aged thirty-two, and having three young children to take care of, he remarried in August this time to François Marguerite Olympe Braconnier, a woman ten years younger, who soon took over the household.
Of course the fact that he now lived in the French capital gave Houdin much more an opportunity to indulge his love of magic. Robert-Houdin loved to visit and study the big magic shows that came to Paris and he dreamed about some day opening his own theatre.
In 1844, PT Barnum the famous American circus impresario purchased a small android that Robert-Houdin had built for the universal exposition. Robert-Houdin was paid 7000 francs and this financial injection gave him the opportunity to finish the creations he was building for a magic theatre which he was soon to open in Paris.
He had a few failures initially in his ambitious magic shows but soon perfected his craft. The sight of Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin in his elegant evening attire set him apart from other magicians in their long robes and this has led many to see Houdin as the first ‘modern’ magician.
In 1870, Robert-Houdin heard news that his son had been mortally wounded at the Battle of Worth during the Franco-Prussian War. Later, Robert-Houdin was to find out that his son had died of his wounds. With the stress from that and the war, his health deteriorated, and he contracted pneumonia. On June 13, 1871, he died of his illness, aged 65.
His home in Blois is today open to the public as the publicly owned La Maison de la Magie Robert-Houdin. It is a museum and theatre opened by his grandson Paul Robert-Houdin in 1966. | <urn:uuid:646e22d9-0076-450c-b2c8-53b863a3d77d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.card-trick.com/greatest-card-magicians/jean-eugene-robert-houdin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.992677 | 899 | 2.109375 | 2 |
This article was co-authored by Tamara Kelly. Tamara Kelly is a crochet designer and writer of Moogly, a crochet and knitting blog. She has over 14 years of experience with crochet and knitting projects. She was awarded a Top Blogger of 2018 by AllFreeCrochet and FaveCrafts. She was also awarded the Best Top Pattern of 2018 by I Like Crochet, a prominent crocheting magazine.
This article has been viewed 210,291 times.
The chain stitch is a basic foundation element within crochet and it's very easy to make. It looks very similar to a braid and involves carefully manipulating a single piece of yarn, as with all crochet. Once you have your chain you can use it to make many other projects.
Part 1 of 3:Making the First Stitch
1Put the yarn on your finger. Stick out your pointer finger so that the nail is facing away from you. Now, drape the end of the yarn over your finger. The end should be on the front side of your finger, with about 1-1.5" of yarn extending below your finger. The rest of string should fall behind your finger.
- Use your thumb on the same hand pressed at your fingertip to hold the yarn in place.
2Wrap the string around your finger. Grasping the string behind your finger with your free hand, pull it toward you and then up and over your finger to wrap it around. You should see two loops formed around your finger. Now, adjust the second loop that you just made so that it goes over the top of the first loop, forming a sort of slanted X shape.
- Once you've formed this X shape, you can hold the slack from the rest of the string in your middle and ring fingers on the same hand that is wrapped in yarn.
3Pull on the X "arm". Looking down at the top of your finger at the X which is formed, locate the upper "arm" of the X which is closest to the end of your finger (of the left if you made the loop on your right hand, on the right if made on your left hand). Pinch this arm with your free hand and pull on it just a little to make it slack.
4Slide the yarn through to form another loop. Now, from your fingernail side, reach under the arm and grab the other arm from behind it. Pull that string under and through. You should see another loop or circle start to form above your finger, made from the string you're pulling. Once it's about as big as the loop on your finger, slide the whole thing off of your finger carefully.
- This should leave you with a clear loop and a very open, loose, beginning of a knot. If it doesn't, try again.
5Adjust your loop. Pinching the loop with your fingers, pull on the short end of the string to tighten the knot. Adjust as you go to make sure you don't end up with too much tail. You want to maintain a tail length of 1-2". Once the knot is tightened, you should be able to slide it to create a bigger or smaller loop. Place your hook through the loop and set it at a comfortable tightness.
- This structure that you've ended up with is called a slipknot and is the basis for starting most crochet projects.
Part 2 of 3:Creating the Chain
1Hold the hook up in front of you. Hold the hook with the loop on it up in front of you. It should be pointing toward the opposite hand from the one that's holding it, with the long end of the string behind the hook. The loop should be sitting about 1" down from the curved end of the hook.
- This means that the knot should be below the hook.
2Pull the yarn up and over the hook. Taking the long end of the yarn, pull it up and over the top of the hook. The knot should remain below the hook and the rest of the yarn should now be in front of the hook.
- This is called a yarn over.
- Hold the yarn tight enough to keep its tension, but loose enough to let it still slide through your fingers while you are crocheting.
3Catch the yarn with the hook. Pull the hook so that the curved end moves forward and catches the yarn you just pulled over the hook. The yarn should be nested in the hook now.
4Pull the yarn through the loop. Pull the yarn, using the hook, through the slipknot loop. You have now made your first chain.
5Repeat until you have as many chains as you want. Repeat the process of yarning over and pulling it through until you have as many chains as you need for your project.
- If you need to count chains, lay the chain flat. You should see a series of V shapes. Each V is a single chain stitch.
Part 3 of 3:Going from Here
1Tie off your chain. If you just want a chain, such as if you're making a bracelet, you can tie off your chain when it reaches the desired length. Simply clip the yarn at least an inch from your last stitch, catch the last remaining end with the hook, and pull it all the way through the loop. Give it a good tug to secure the end.
2Change direction to start a new row. You can also change direction in order to start a new row. This will be the most common route for most crocheters. When you make a new row, you will be rooting your stitches in the chain that you made. How this is done will depend on your project, so you'll have to follow your pattern. The most likely options are to use single crochet or double crochet.
- Before you start this new row, you will make a couple of extra chains (usually two, it can vary depending on the size and tightness of your stitches). Chain these extras and then root your next row in the last proper stitch in your chain.
- It is best for beginners to start with small projects that are worked in flat rows.
3Join the ends to form a circle. Another option is if you are crocheting a circle. In this case, once you are done making your initial chain (usually four stitches), you will join the ends together to form the beginning of your circle. This is done using a slip stitch.
- With the last loop of your chain on your hook, push the head of the hook into the very first stitch on your chain. This will make two "loops" on the hook. Grab the yarn with your hook, just as if you were chaining normally, and pull it through both loops. This will leave you with one loop on the hook and you'll be ready to start your next "row".
QuestionWhy is my chain loose?Community AnswerMake sure to pull the yarn tight enough so that it is snug to your hook, but not so tight that you can't get the yarn through. And make sure to keep the yarn tight and avoid loosening up as you go through the chain.
QuestionHow do I crochet an animal and make the joints?Community AnswerThere are lots of (free) patterns out there. Depending on the pattern, you can either increase and decrease as you go, or you work the parts separately and sew them together afterwards.
QuestionI'm reading a pattern in a crochet mag, and they say ch9 and then end it with (12). Am I to end up with 12 st from chaining 9? If so, how?Top AnswererThe foundation row consists of the 9 ch stitches. 3 more ch are needed for the start of the next row. The additional stitches bring the total to 12 ch. The 3 ch represent a dc stitch, which is probably what will be worked on the foundation chain.
QuestionCan you do the crochet chain without the hook?Community AnswerThe hook is essential. If you don't use it, the project will not work. They are inexpensive and easy to find.
QuestionCan you use small plastic crochet hooks?Community AnswerYes. At the beginning, using any type of crochet hook is fine. As you crochet more and explore your style, you can adjust your crochet hook. You can use a small hook to make something if that is the recommended size hook for the pattern.
QuestionCould I use a Scotland 5.5mm hook?Community AnswerYou can use any type of crochet hook as long as it fits the kind of yarn that you use.
- Hook size will impact the tension of the chain; always comply with the suggested crochet hook size unless you're extremely confident with your crocheting skills and know what you're doing when making changes. It is advised that if your crochet style is "slack", then it's best to use a finer hook, while if your crochet styles is "tight", then consider a coarser hook. This will become clearer to you as you practice.
- An asterisk (*) in instructions simply means to "repeat" the instructions as many times as specified. If the instructions are placed within parentheses, then the entire instructions within the parentheses are repeated.
- Always crochet in good lighting conditions.
- Don't crochet with dirty hands. This can ruin the yarn color.
- Don't leave unfinished crochet work lying around in case it gets dirty or becomes an object of interest for the pet. Always put crochet projects away after each use.
Things You'll Need
- Crochet hook
About This Article
To crochet a chain, start by draping the yarn over your finger, then pull the string towards you and wrap it round your finger so you have 2 loops. Next, push the second loop over the first to form an "x" shape before making another loop to finish the slipknot and removing it from your finger. To start crocheting, put the loop on the hook, pull the yarn up and over the hook, and pull the yarn through the slipknot loop to complete your first chain. Repeat this process until you have as many chain stitches as you need. To learn how to tie off your chain or change direction to start a new row, read on! | <urn:uuid:530d5ab9-a221-4898-8d28-0659786de67b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wikihow.com/Crochet-a-Chain | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.939942 | 2,184 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Anna Leask and Geraldine Johns, New Zealand Herald, May 31, 2009
A leading expert in human nutrition has caused outrage by calling “over-fatness” a self-inflicted burden on the taxpayer.
Professor John Birkbeck, adjunct professor in human nutrition at Massey University, said anti-obesity efforts won’t work until society refuses to accept the condition as normal and healthy, as it has done for smoking.
The 76-year-old, who moved into semi-retirement this week after 50 years in his field, rejected the notion that some people will get fat regardless of their efforts to keep weight down.
While acknowledging that some may have a genetic propensity to obesity, he said: “You can’t get over-fat without eating more calories than you expend.”
Birkbeck even cited concentration camps to illustrate his point.
“You do not see fat people in concentration camps. Why? Because they get hardly anything to eat and they have to do a lot of work.”
Birkbeck also said “over-fatness” was a bigger problem with Maori and Pacific Islanders than Europeans and an emerging issue with Asian migrants.
His comments outraged groups working to reduce the obesity rate.
Maree Burns, coordinator of the Auckland-based Eating Difficulties Education Network, said they were “flagrant”, “inappropriate”, “intolerant” and “offensive”.
“Shaming and blaming people has never been effective. This is the worst example of fat phobia and doesn’t achieve anything except building discrimination,” she said.
“People that are bigger already experience profound levels of discrimination and feel like health pariahs and social outcasts without these kinds of attitudes. With comments like that I am glad he’s retiring.”
She was particularly upset by his race-based comments.
“Maori and Pacific Islanders have bigger bone structures and bigger bodies. To use BMI and make comparisons across ethnic groups is inappropriate.”
Birkbeck caused further outrage by saying methods used to reduce obesity rates had failed.
“In a dictatorship, you say ‘everybody that comes back in a year’s time with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of more than 30 will be shot’–and you’ll find hardly anyone has a BMI over 30.
“But you can’t do that in society, so what we have to do is find a way to cajole and coerce. And I don’t think they’ve done enough of that.”
Burns said that some people were destined to be fat and were “perfectly fine” at their body weights.
She said a lot of people were overweight as a result of constant dieting, which was unsustainable because it led to cravings and binge eating.
The way to curb obesity was to encourage a lifestyle change–which groups like hers were working to do.
Obesity Action Coalition director Leigh Sturgiss said the condition should be blamed on environment rather than the individual.
“While there is some aspect of people making choices for themselves, we do live in an environment that doesn’t promote healthy eating,” she said.
“I am quite surprised he is saying these things. I would have thought we were past these kinds of positions. He’s quite controversial.” | <urn:uuid:d5d955e4-ff6c-42ed-b3ac-27ea2260acf4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.amren.com/news/2009/06/expert_its_your/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.97884 | 734 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Trading with indicators
What are indicators?
Indicators take the raw data from a chart and present it in a different format to assist in making trading decisions. There are different types of indicators ranging from trend indicators, and momentum to oscillators, all of which help to visualise the condition of a market.
Essentially some technical indicators can be used for trending markets whilst others can be used for non-trending markets.
Why use technical indicators?
The main focus for a trader when using technical indicators is to help time trades for entries and exits. And although the calculations and formulas of some of the technical indicators may appear to be complex or scientific, the art is learning how to read the signals.
Indicators for trending markets
When markets enjoy a sustained trend moving in one direction with minor corrections, indicators such as the Moving Average, MACD and Parabolic SAR can be useful. These indicators can help a trader by staying on the right side of the market as long as there are no major corrections.
Indicators for non-trending markets
At times when the markets are not in a trend mode but instead moving between a range a trader can apply a Stochastic Oscillator or RSI to assess when the market becomes short term overbought or oversold.
Advantages of technical indicators
Analysing a chart without indicators is a skill that comes with experience. Some traders feel that trading without indicators is the antithesis of technical analysis. In other words, a chart without lines and squiggles is not a technical chart.
This is not necessarily true. There are many professional traders who can read charts without any indicators at all and this is referred to as reading Price Action. These traders feel that having too much information can be a distraction as to what the price is already showing us.
Disadvantages of technical indicators
Remember, technical indicators derive their signals from price this means that the indicator can be "lagging" or delayed. It is not uncommon for technical indicators to provide a false signal in some cases, and traders should always be aware of this.
A popular indicator that helps to filter out the noise of the market. It is a lagging indicator, as it is based on past prices. It is literally the simple average of a market over a defined period – e.g. 30 days.
Moving Average Convergence Divergence, a momentum indicator that shows the relationship between two moving averages. It is calculated by subtracting the 26 day exponential moving average from the 12 day.
This indicator keeps track of momentum, and is used by traders to try to anticipate when a market is going to lose momentum and change direction. It is usually shown as a series of dots above or below the market on your chart.
No technical indicator can provide a 100% accurate signal and no trading strategy should be based purely on the signal of a technical indicator. It is important to use trade, risk management and money management in conjunction with all other aspects of trading. The use of technical indicators is subjective and results can vary from trader to trader. | <urn:uuid:8c129ff9-5977-45fa-a5b7-89f7c4f6b131> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cityindex.com/en-au/trading-academy/courses/ciau-technical-analysis/trading-with-indicators/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.929469 | 652 | 2.578125 | 3 |
After the massacre in Sutherland Springs, Texas, the public debate, once again, is focused on gun control. Little is known about the man who was apparently the shooter, but what is known has left many bewildered. A 26 year old, white man who was discharged from the United States Air Force for misconduct. The question: "What made this young man commit such violent act?" underlies many of the reports of the tragedy.
“This isn't a guns situation,” President Trump said. “This is a mental health problem at the highest level. It’s a very, very sad event.”
Yes, there is agreement that the perpetrator had mental health issues. But that doesn’t come close to explaining what’s at the root of America’s epidemic of gun violence. In the United States, we have had 307 mass shootings in this year alone; 93 people on average are killed by gun shots daily; and some 1,300 children and teens are victims of firearms annually.
The President and Congress must consider how scarce the data are for the phenomenon of mass shootings in our country. Though gun violence is among the leading causes of death due to injury in the United States, it is also the least researched. The national discourse has yet to ask the basic questions we ask in public health: “who" "what" "when" and “where”. These questions that have served public health well in discerning patterns that lead to interventions. How did this happen?
The answer is a sobering window on how facts can be mistaken for politics. For the last 20 years – a period during which America has seen a significant increase in deadly shootings – Congress has denied the federal government of critical funding to research the underlying causes of gun violence.
Data collection on firearms used to be the job of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Two decades ago, for example, CDC studies found that homes with guns were three times more likely to have homicides and five times more likely to have suicides than homes without them.
But the gun lobby waged a successful campaign in 1996 and pressured politicians to restrict funding for gun violence research by the CDC. Congress passed the Dickey Amendment, mandating that no funds for studies on injury prevention could be “used to advocate or promote gun control,” effectively imposing a ban on health research around the use of firearms.
In the years since the amendment, CDC funding for gun injury prevention has fallen 96 percent, and no in depth study on the subject has been conducted since 2001. While the CDC does keep a national surveillance database on firearm injuries and fatalities, the system lacks crucial information for states with high gun ownership, including Texas, West Virginia and Tennessee.
We know, or at least we should know, that better data leads to better government. Think of the impact of research on motor vehicles. After seeing a dangerous rise in car accidents and deaths about fifty years ago, the government dedicated funding to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Researchers studied everything from the type of car, to the age and gender of drivers, to alcohol-related accidents and seat belts – by 2009, traffic fatalities reached a record low.
Research on firearms can help save lives. An epidemiological take on this issue will produce critical data and lead to evidence-based policies that can help shape behaviors. Beyond the polarized gun control debate, people deserve more information about the main predictors of gun violence for victims and perpetrators. Even the architect of the Dicky Amendment, the late Arkansas Congressman Jay Dicky, later advocated for the prohibition to be ended. In a Washington Post op-ed two years ago, he wrote, “federal funding for research into gun-violence prevention should be dramatically increased.”
Public health has a crucial role to play. We want to help stop epidemics and prevent people from dying early. Gun violence deaths are preventable, but public health policy and research is essential; without Congressional action, our hands are tied.
Lawmakers must set aside partisan politics and support the need for basic facts on gun violence. Otherwise, America will keep mourning innocent people. | <urn:uuid:f3b3f6c4-318a-4d3a-b4e0-9b7780f6247b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.huffpost.com/entry/americans-deserve-to-know-congress-must-resume-funding_b_5a038955e4b0204d0c171411 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.960907 | 844 | 2.65625 | 3 |
German-American Club planning to build its first Habitat for Humanity house in Una
For decades, they came to the Upstate and were made to feel at home. Now the area's GermanAmerican residents say it's time for them to make someone less fortunate feel at home.
They have set out to build their first Habitat for Humanity home, providing an Upstate family with a chance to join the American dream so many Germans have found, said Dr. Paul F. Foerster, the honorary consul of the Upstate for the Federal Republic of Germany. ``Spartanburg is the most international county in the United States,'' Foerster said. ``There are a tremendous amount of GermanAmericans right here. Many of us have lived here 20, 30 years. Spartanburg has given us a feeling that we belong here, and the time has come for us to reciprocate a little bit.'' Elizabeth Belenchia, president of the German-American Club of the Carolinas, said the group plans to build its first house in the Una community sometime next year. The mission will require hard manual labor as well as an intense fund-raising campaign by the club's 200 members. But BMW has agreed to help with the fund raising, and members are dedicated to the project, Foerster said. ``Our club has as its mission the interchange of cultures between the Upstate South Carolina and Germany,'' Belenchia said. ``We are committed to building a closer relationship with our Carolina home.'' Foerster said the club will make its commitment to Habitat for Humanity the focus of an appearance in this year's Spartanburg Christmas parade. Anyone interested in donating to the cause or willing to help work on the house may call Belenchia at 574-4400 or Foerster at 582-5133. Habitat for Humanity is an international effort that offers qualified applicants a chance to buy their own home with an interest-free loan. | <urn:uuid:aeb5119d-3db9-46fa-bb85-673a890eb4f8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.goupstate.com/story/news/1996/11/22/german-american-club-planning-to-build-its-first-habitat-for-humanity-house-in-una/29590593007/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.964574 | 398 | 1.75 | 2 |
More Christians Stand With Local Communities Against Human and Environmental Exploitation
By Julianne Sapi - Project Leader
A local representative giving his presentation
Local representatives from coastal communities of PNG got an opportunity to express their strong opposition to Experimental Seabed Mining at the annual Caritas PNG retreat in early March. The purpose of this exposition was to inform the arm of the Catholic Bishops Council about Experimental Seabed Mining and give an account on what the proposed Experimental mining is really all about, what it entails and how they feel PNG is being used by the mining industry..
The presentation called for the Catholic community to join them in saying BAN to Experimental Seabed Mining in PNG in line with churches responsibility to be stewards of God’s creation.
The presentation was well received. Feedback from participants was overwhelming and supportive as the church got to hear directly from the people who will be impacted should the proposed mining go ahead.
The Catholic Church through Caritas PNG is now looking into ways to assist and raise more awareness on Experimental Seabed Mining in their respective dioceses, parishes and communities. They are also looking into partnering with other churches and community based organisations (CBOs) to mount a strong awareness campaign in support of the people in the area.
Stay tuned as it appears the local community reps have moved the Catholic Church to begin to take an active role on the Experimental Seabed Mining issue throughout PNG and the Pacific.
Project Reports on GlobalGiving are posted directly to globalgiving.org by Project Leaders as they are completed, generally every 3-4 months. To protect the integrity of these documents, GlobalGiving does not alter them; therefore you may find some language or formatting issues.
If you donate to this project or have donated to this project, you will get an e-mail when this project posts a report. You can also subscribe for reports via e-mail without donating.
Get Reports via Email
We'll only email you new reports and updates about this project. | <urn:uuid:b17f55e8-0612-431d-ad4c-ad5367b0249e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.globalgiving.org/projects/land-is-life-bismark-ramu-group/reports/?subid=86596 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.951468 | 448 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Well, why yet another bike tutorial, the answer is that I have found a better way to rig the front wheel so the suspensions behaves more precisely as the bike pitches. An image:
Now we have a new bike – the old “Chopper” style, as before the model is not important and I only spent a couple of hours building it. We should also look at the armature:
The basis of the new system is two right-angle triangles, the first is based on the bones “pitch” and “RH_loc” – these form a right angle triangle, so as you rotate the pitch bone, the RH_loc bone will move along the horizontal axis. Here are the triangles drawn in magenta:
RH_loc‘s distance from the head of the pitch bone can be expressed as; length of pitch multiplied by cosine of pitch angle. So we put a driver on this bone’s Z location to move it along the horizontal axis, the driver is this:
len * cos(ang) where len is the length of the pitch bone and ang is it’s angle of inclination relative to horizontal, here are the variables:
Next we must position the “wheel-pos” bone correctly to form the other right angle triangle. This bone determines where the front wheel will be, bearing in mind that the wheel moves away from the back wheel when the forks are extended and towards it when the forks are compressed. So the triangle is determined by the position of the tail of the pitch bone, the positions of the RH_loc bone and the position of the wheel-pos bone. The distance of wheel_pos from RH_loc can be expressed as; the distance from the tail of pitch to RH_loc multiplied by the tangent of the angle of inclination fo the forks. So we put a driver on the wheel-pos bone’s Y location (it is lying flat), the driver is this:
len * tan(ang) + len_2 when len is the distance from the fork top to RH_loc, ang is the angle of inclination of the forks (angle of forks_ref relative to vertical) and len_2 is the distance of RH_loc from the back wheel. it should be noted that the RH_loc and wheel-pos bones are located at the back wheel when the armature is at rest, or in Edit mode. They are then moved forward by the drivers. Here are the variables for the wheel-pos bone:
Finally, the bone fork_low is parented to the wheel-pos bone and given a Damped Track constraint to point it towards the top of the forks. The front wheel, mudguard, brakes, etc and then “Bone” parented to this bone so they move as they should. I have also added a “bike_roll” bone, so I can lean the bike in corners and a “horiz_ref” bone, so I can pitch the whole assembly for when the bike is on a hill.
The wheel drivers are based upon the X movement of the bike_lean bone for the back wheel and wheel-pos bone for the front wheel.
Here is an image of the bike pitched up:
And pitched down:
Steering is achieved by rotating the forks-top bone, forks-low has a Copy Rotation constraint to follow the Y rotations of forks-top. As an optional extra, I have also added a Driver to bike_roll so it leans the bike automatically as the steering is rotated. This could also be linked to the bike speed as in previous bike tutorials.
- Bones RH_loc, RH_ang and forks_Ref are merely construction bones used to determine angles for the two Right Angle triangles used to determine the position of the front wheel, they are not used to move any meshes. Bone RH_ang has a Damped Track constraint so it always points towards RH_loc. It is not possible to calculate the position of the front wheel by combining the distance of RH_loc into the calculation for wheel-pos as this would create a cyclic loop and not work. I hope this all makes sense!
- I found out that the Angle Variable for drivers on bones only seems to work for angles between the Z axes rotations – nice to know! It is also important that the Z axes all point the same way and at right angles to the bike, or they don’t work properly. So this is why the construction bones rotate about their Z axes, rather than their X axes…..
Yep, another finished page here 😛 | <urn:uuid:ea973e43-1e80-46fa-9328-14fff476f4d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://clockmender.uk/blender/tutorial-8-bike-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.934644 | 956 | 2.5 | 2 |
When installing your electric vehicle charging station, search for the right place (ev charging stations for home). With its -foot charging cable television, longer than most home charging stations of equivalent rate, the Juice, Box electrical automobile charger offers higher versatility over where it can be installed.
Discover the distinctions in between the charging station alternatives and discover the average costs for charging at home and on the go, Electric Automobile Charging Fundamentals, Picture never ever having to stop at a gas station again and rather, having an endless supply of fuel readily available at home or any place you normally park.
Battery electric lorries never require gas, and for short journeys, plugin hybrids might use no gas. EV charging is basic, costeffective, clean and hassle-free, especially when you are plugged in in the house filling your vehicle, even while you're asleep. ev home charging stations. There are classifications of electric lorry (EV) charging: Level , Level and DC fast charging.
DC fast charging usages different connector systems called CHAde, MO, CCS Combo and Tesla Supercharger. EV motorists mostly charge at house, workplace and public battery chargers are significantly available in communities nationwide. Use our EV Charging Station Map to find neighboring charging stations. Level Charging, Level is the slowest approach of charging however suffices for chauffeurs who charge overnight and travel miles daily.
Level charging works well for charging in your home, work or anywhere a standard outlet is available and when you have sufficient time to charge. Level charging uses a basic J or Tesla adapter that can plug into any EV, either directly, or through an adapter. Level Charging, Level charging is significantly much faster, but needs setting up a charging station, likewise understood as electrical car supply devices (EVSE).
Level is discovered at many public and workplace charging stations, but likewise in many houses. It uses the same standard adapter as Level charging, implying any EV can plug in at any Level charger. Level charging utilizes a standard J or Tesla adapter that can plug into any EV, either straight, or through an adapter.
It requires a volt connection, making DC quickly charging unsuitable for home use, and not every EV model is equipped for it. Stations offering DC quick charging are discovered in shopping centers and typically along major travel passages, enabling EV chauffeurs to charge up quickly and take longer journeys. DC quickly charging uses CHAde, MO, CCS or Tesla adapter systems (ev home charging station). who builds electric car charging stations.
Breaker Box Cost
How Much Does It Cost To Charge A Vehicle
Average Cost For 200 Amp Service Upgrade | <urn:uuid:cc5b623d-9847-4a5d-80de-9e354cc3293d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://electrical-service-upgrade-ottawa.workingonhomes.com/page/side-electric-cars-charge-wGv278umb3jl | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.92713 | 547 | 1.90625 | 2 |
As per the latest statistics published by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, about 9% women suffer from a deficiency of iron. Though the proportion is relatively low, iron deficiency can lead to various diseases, which can be very difficult to cure. So, look out for these telltale signs of iron deficiency and check whether you suffer from any of them.
- Fatigue: Your internal system uses iron for the production of haemoglobin, which is a component in the red blood cells, responsible for carrying oxygen to all parts of the body. So when the iron content is low, there is not enough haemoglobin production and all organ do not receive oxygen in the required quantities. This is bound to make you feel tired at most times.
- Inability to focus: People with iron deficiency often suffer from alteration in the synthesis of neurotransmitters. This can lead to decreased functionality and focusing abilities. This may also lead to the development of apathy towards all things, including family, friends, books, music or anything that you loved and enjoyed doing.
- Breathlessness: Without a proper supply of iron, there could be an oxygen crunch in the body, compelling you to feel breathless. This may happen anytime when you are working out or walking or reading a book.
- Paleness: Do you think your skin has lost lustre and become pale in the last few days? That’s definitely not a good sign and may be a symptom of decreased flow of blood and reduction in the RBC count.
- Trouble doing your daily chores: Low levels of iron in the body can cause your endurance level to suffer. Thus, you may find it difficult to run up the stairs or catch a vehicle or swim for a while.
- Soreness of muscles: Even if you could push yourself to reach the gym, you would experience the burns last longer than normal. Lack of right amount of iron prevents your muscles to recover at the right pace. As a result, you are likely to suffer from muscle aches.
- Brittle nails: If there is a recent a development of spoon shaped or concave depression in the nails, it could be a sign of possible deficiency of iron.
Often people tend to ignore the warning signs that the body gives to inform about the problem that’s cropping up. But you can’t take chances with your health and so, check for these signs without any delay. If you wish to discuss about any specific problem, you can consult a doctor. | <urn:uuid:127cda30-ccd6-40c1-9eac-8c600535fff3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lybrate.com/topic/iron-deficiency-7-signs-to-help-you-spot-it/72c3b3aabffc73e4e5b5ca04813dbb32 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.943643 | 512 | 3 | 3 |
Archived – Digest of Benefit Entitlement Principles Chapter 1- Basic Concepts – section 1.1.5
This page has been archived on the Web
Information identified as archived is provided for reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It is not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards and has not been altered or updated since it was archived. Please contact us to request a format other than those available.
The Digest of Entitlement Principles, (the digest), contains the principles applied by the Employment Insurance (EI) Commission (the Commission) when providing information and guidance on legislative and regulatory requirements. These principles are also applied when making decisions on claims for EI benefits under the EI Act (the act) and its Regulations (the regulations).
The digest is a reference tool for all users and is intended for readers who have a general understanding of the act and regulations. As such, legal terms have been avoided as much as possible. Individuals seeking a less technical overview may prefer to first review the relevant webpages on these topics on the Government of Canada website. The Commission attempts to ensure this information remains accurate and is updated regularly; however, it is not a substitute for the legislation.
The Employment Insurance (EI) program is under the jurisdiction of the federal government. The current legislation is known as the Employment Insurance Act (the act). This act allows for the making of regulations to the legislation, with approval of the Governor in Council.
The regulatory provisions are referred to as the Employment Insurance Regulations (EI Regulations) (EI Act 5(4)(5)(6); EI Act 24; EI Act 54), Employment Insurance (Collection of Premiums) Regulations (EI Act Part IV; EI Act 152), and National Employment Service Regulations (EI Act 60).
NOTE: The Justice Laws Website provides an official consolidation, and up to date version, of the EI Act and Regulations.
The EI program, which is insurance-based, is designed to protect individuals who have lost their job for reasons outside their control, while they look for new employment or upgrade their skills. It may also help unemployed individuals across the country find employment. The EI program also provides temporary financial assistance to workers who are sick, pregnant, caring for a newborn or newly adopted child, or caring for a family member who has a serious medical condition.
The EI program marked its 75th year in 2015, having been implemented in 1940. The last major reform occurred in 1996. At that time, the program introduced changes to better reflect its primary objective of promoting employment, and to better emphasize that access to the program is linked to significant work attachment.
1.1.2 Roles and responsibilities
Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) is the department of the Government of Canada responsible for developing, managing and delivering programs and services. The Minister of Employment and Social Development is responsible for the EI act, except for PART IV - Insurable Earnings and Collection of Premiums, and PART VII - Benefit Repayment.
Service Canada is a federal institution that is part of ESDC. Service Canada oversees all legislative provisions of the act, including the determination of benefit eligibility and entitlement, and issues EI benefits (Part I) directly to EI claimants. Its role is to provide timely and accurate EI benefit payments and services, and to support EI claimants through each stage of the service delivery process. It strives to accurately and efficiently provide benefit information, respond to enquiries, assist employers, process claims and provide the means to request a formal reconsideration of a decision, or to appeal decisions.
Provinces and territories deliver the majority of Employment Benefits and National Employment Services (Part II). These benefits and services are delivered through Labour Market Development Agreements (LMDA) funded by the Government of Canada. Through these agreements, Government of Canada funding enables provinces and territories to design, deliver and manage skills and employment programs for unemployed individuals, particularly for those who are eligible for EI benefits.
The Canada Employment Insurance Commission (CEIC) is a departmental corporation of ESDC. It plays a key role in administering the EI program, including the making of regulations, with the approval of the Governor-in-Council, and reviewing, as well as approving, policies related to the EI program administration and delivery. In addition to its role in EI premium rate setting, the CEIC produces the annual EI Monitoring and Assessment Report.
The Social Security Tribunal of Canada (SST) is an independent administrative body composed of a General Division and Appeal Division, that makes decisions on appeals related to the Act.
1.1.3 EI premiums & Insurable Employment
All workers employed in insurable employment are required to pay EI premiums. The fact that a worker can or cannot qualify for EI benefits is not a criterion to determine whether EI premiums are payable, as it is the employment, and not the individual that is insured.
The fundamental requirement for an employment to be insurable is that there is an employer-employee relationship; i.e. the person is not self-employed. CRA holds the responsibility for making decisions as to whether an employment is insurable or not, and whether EI premiums are payable with respect to that employment.
1.1.4 Purpose of Employment Insurance benefits
As previously stated, Part I of the EI program provides temporary income support to workers who have lost their job for reasons outside their control, while they look for new employment or upgrade their skills. EI Part I also provides temporary financial assistance to workers who are sick, pregnant, caring for a newborn or newly adopted child, or caring for a family member who has a serious medical condition.
The purpose of Part II of the EI Act is to provide employment assistance to eligible insured participants, through various programs and services.
1.1.5 Types of Employment Insurance benefits
There are a number of types of EI benefits available:
Regular benefits are available to individuals who lose their jobs for reasons outside their control and who are available for and actively seeking employment.
Special benefits are available to insured workers and self-employed individuals who are too sick to work, are pregnant or have recently given birth, are providing care to a newborn or newly adopted child, or who must be away from work temporarily to provide care or support to a family member with a serious medical condition. Special benefits include:
- Maternity benefits: for biological mothers who are pregnant or have given birth. These benefits cover the period surrounding the child's birth (up to 15 weeks).
- Parental benefits: for any legal parent to care for their newborn or newly adopted child or children. One parent can receive these benefits, or they can share benefits between them (up to 35 weeks of standard parental benefits or 61 weeks of extended parental benefits).
- Sickness benefits: for people who cannot work due to injury, illness, or the need to be isolated in quarantine because they may be carrying a disease (up to 15 weeks).
- Compassionate Care benefits: for people who must be away from work temporarily to provide care or support to a family member who is gravely ill with a significant risk of death within 26 weeks. One family member can receive these benefits, or they can be shared between several family members (up to 26 weeks).
- Family Caregiver benefits: for family members who must be away from work temporarily to care for or support a critically ill or injured family member. One family member can receive these benefits or they can be shared between several family members (up to 35 weeks for caring for a child; up to 15 weeks for caring for an adult).
In certain circumstances various types of special benefits may be combined up to a maximum of 102 weeks of benefits within a maximum 104 week benefit period.
Fishing benefits – are for eligible self-employed fishers who do not meet the eligibility requirements for EI regular benefits in their region.
Job creation partnerships, work sharing, training benefits: for clients participating in developmental programs.
1.1.6 Requirement to apply for benefits
An insured person who wishes to receive benefits must first indicate their intention by making a claim and proving they meet the conditions necessary to establish a benefit period. The filing of an initial claim is the first requirement to be met and it is an essential requirement by which the Commission can begin the process of determining whether a claimant is entitled to benefits (EI Act 48).
The payment of EI benefits is not based on the personal needs or financial obligations of an individual. Equally, the fact that one has paid premiums into the EI fund does not by itself provide a right to receive benefits. It is rather the right to apply for benefits that an insured person may exercise, as would be the case with an insurance policy to which one has subscribed. Eligibility and entitlement depend on meeting the various conditions established by the legislation.
1.1.7 Who can receive benefits?
Under the act, all workers may be able to access the EI program if they are an insured worker; that is they must have paid into the EI account and have worked in insurable employment.
Workers unable to work because they are temporarily unemployed, sick, pregnant, caring for a newborn or newly adopted child, or providing support to a seriously ill family member, may receive temporary financial assistance if they meet specific qualifying and entitlement conditions.
Under separate provisions of the act, self-employed workers, (those who work for themselves), may be entitled to EI special benefits if they are registered for access to the EI program. Detailed information regarding entitlement to benefits for self-employed workers is available in Chapter 24 of this digest.
22.214.171.124 Foreign Workers
Foreign workers employed in insurable employment are required to pay EI premiums, as it is the employment that is insured and not the individual. However, foreign workers are exempt from EI premiums when they remain covered under an EI program in their country while working temporarily in Canada.
Foreign workers, as with any other worker, can receive regular benefits, provided they meet eligibility and entitlement conditions, while in Canada.
They may also be entitled to receive EI maternity, parental, compassionate care or family caregiver benefits after they leave Canada, as long as their social insurance number has not expired (EI Regulation 55(4)). These types of benefits can be paid outside of Canada, as there is no requirement to show availability for work.
Foreign workers, as well as any other worker, may also receive sickness benefits, but only while in Canada. In order to receive sickness benefits all individuals must show that, were it not for their illness, they would be available for work in Canada.
Foreign workers who are allowed to remain in Canada after their work permit expires, and have applied to extend the work permit before it expired, may receive benefits pending receipt of the new work permit. Those who obtain permanent residency status have full rights to receive EI regular or special benefits, provided they meet all of the qualifying and entitlement conditions for the type of benefits requested.
1.1.8 Notification of a decision
Upon receipt of an initial claim the Commission will review the claim and all related information, and make a decision as to whether the claimant is entitled to receive benefits. The claimant will then be notified of the decision. Notification may be in the form of a formal decision letter, or by way of the payment of benefits.
Claimants who disagree with a decision have the right to request a reconsideration of that decision (EI Act 112(1)). A formal request for reconsideration provides a claimant with a review of the decision without having to go through a formal appeal process with an independent decision-making body. Following this review, the EI Commission either changes or reaffirms the decision regarding the issue in question and notifies the claimant of that decision.
Claimants who disagree with the decision made following a request for reconsideration have the right to appeal that decision to the Social Security Tribunal (SST) General Division (EI Act 113).
If the claimant or the Commission is dissatisfied with the decision reached by the SST’s General Division, they may submit an appeal to the Appeal Division of the SST.
Report a problem or mistake on this page
- Date modified: | <urn:uuid:f33207ab-46d6-4c06-be74-9763ce748aeb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.canada.ca/en/employment-social-development/programs/ei/ei-list/reports/digest/archive/2019-march-1-1-5.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.961969 | 2,537 | 1.921875 | 2 |
It’s been 24 years since I earned my first of four personal training certifications in 1995. As I proudly displayed the American Council of Exercise (ACE) certificate on my wall, I thought I had all I needed to help people get fit.
I vowed to motivate, inspire, and heroically save the world from flabby triceps, weak abs, and jiggly thighs!
I would be a fitness superhero, fighting off the bad habits of the planet, armed with fitness tubing, dumbbells, and a yoga mat, carried on the shoulders of the people I’d helped.
Excuse me while I partake in a fit of uncontrollable laughter.
Oh, the fantasies of youth! It should be so easy.
After working with people (mostly women) for over 20 years, I’ve learned a thing or two as I near my 60th birthday.
One is this: No one can motivate another person until they make up their minds to make a commitment.
Another eye-opener is this: Yes, things do change as we age, even when we do all the right things.
You simply can’t fool Mother Nature.
However, the worst thing you can do is blame aging as an excuse to stop exercising altogether.
Truth is, unless you’re in a full body cast suspended from the ceiling, you can almost always do something.
Clearly, I’m not advocating doing anything beyond your abilities, but we often limit ourselves when inactivity can actually worsen the situation.
Case in point: I have knee arthritis. It hurts. I hate it, and yes, my knee pain has put the kibosh on some of the activities I’d like to do.
Walking lunges and high-impact jumps are a long-forgotten fantasy.
Let’s have a moment of silence for those days.
But if I stay within a modified range of motion and stick with exercises that don’t aggravate it, I can still do a lot. So, I do what I can and stop focusing on what I can no longer do.
When I don’t move, it hurts more. Research shows I’m not alone. In fact, regular exercise reduces the risk of limitations associated with knee osteoarthritis.
With this in mind, here are the top three excuses I hear most often that can sabotage results and health.
Fatigue is definitely more of a thing as we age. It takes more energy to perform the same activities and hence, we need more recovery time. It has to do with changes in the workings of our cells, which are too complicated to get into here.
And while you need to listen to your body and give yourself more rest days between workouts, overall, exercise gives you energy. Regular, low-intensity exercise boosts energy levels.
Here’s how it works: For one, exercise increases blood flow through your body and boosts cardiovascular health. This allows more blood and oxygen to provide energy for work.
Numerous studies show this time and again. The best way to experience the results is to try it yourself. Track your energy on days you exercise versus days you do not and let the results speak for themselves.
A reader recently wrote to me saying she can’t do certain exercises because she has such poor balance.
The problem is, if you stop doing things that challenge your balance, your balance will get worse. Breaking a hip or other bone is no joke. Ignoring the problem won’t make it go away, either.
The bottom line: Working on your balance is a crucial part of any workout plan.
Here are a couple of ways to get steadier:
Ah, a subject near and dear to my heart… Arthritis and joint pain is a Catch-22. It may hurt a bit to get moving, but if you don’t move, it will get worse.
Movement keeps joints mobile by circulating the fluid that lubricates them. If you stop moving, you get stiff.
What can you do to ease the discomfort? Here are a few tips:
What excuses will you put aside in the coming year? How will you use these tips to get you going? Let’s chat!
Tags Fitness Over 60 | <urn:uuid:3397b54d-41a2-4a5c-9b44-72cf89bb8965> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sixtyandme.com/3-age-related-exercise-myths-that-hold-you-back-do-you-believe-them/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.937175 | 927 | 1.609375 | 2 |
The german workers party dap, deutsche arbeiterpartei was founded in 1919 for german guys to get together and bond over two subjects. What is the difference between socialism and national. In july of that month, soldier adolf hitler was appointed by german mil. I stumbled onto this book via a footnote in another book.
Difficulties of interpretation emphasize that this system of national etatism was a unique and distinctive economic system. Nationalsozialismus, more commonly known as nazism. The leftist origins of national socialism the debate about where nazism should be placed on the political spectrum has enjoyed a renaissance of late. In 1919 an antisemitic rightwing political party called the german workers party deutsche arbeiterpartei was founded in munich. However, nazism was far more extreme both in its ideas and in its practice. Nationalsozialistische deutsche arbeiterpartei help info, abbreviated nsdap, commonly referred to in english as the nazi party english. The death cafe movement is a social franchise set up in the uk in 2011 by jon underwood and sue barsky reid.
A history of national socialism rle responding to fascism. Versailles created in the midst of europe a nation with an acute sense of. In its intense nationalism, mass appeal, and dictatorial rule, nazism shared many elements with italian fascism. It is national socialism that is the ideology of nature the living of ones life based on natural principles. Democratic socialism the relationship between democracy. Although classified as a hate group by the southern poverty law center, it refers to itself as a white civil rights organization, and compares itself to. Shoah resource center, the international school for holocaust studies. National socialism, holocaust, resistance and exile 19331945 the database provides primary sources for the following research topics. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 140k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Capitalism contained the seeds of its own destruction overproduction, unemployment, etc. Before we can meaningfully analyze the populist origins of the nazi party. The following are books written by national socialist leaders and should be studied closely.
In this context, national meant nationalist, and socialism a doctrine that preached equality between all members of. Mosse in spite of nearly thirty years of research the intellectual origins of national socialism are still shrouded in a darkness as impenetrable as the mystical ideologies present at its beginnings. National socialism before nazism spotlight exhibits at the uc. Check out our large inventory of pertinent titles on the contentious topics of. Democratic socialism encyclopedia of activism and social justice sage reference project forthcoming democratic socialism the relationship between democracy and socialism is a curious one. Hilters miracle lasted a bit longer because he divorced his country from the international banking cartel and thus avoided much of national debt in the traditional sense. Had heidegger attached his great ego to the cause of international socialism, he would have enjoyed the whitewash granted to sartre, merleauponty, hobsbawm and the other apologists for the gulag. The national socialist movement nsm is a neonazi organization based in detroit, michigan. American scientist, american progressive, nazi collaborator. The scientific origins of national socialism oups free. National socialist movement united kingdom wikipedia. Hitlers secret backers the financial sources of national.
The main thesis of this paper is that nazi religiosity has its origins in the. In a few years, of course, italian economy went to shit and mussolini raised the national debt to massive levels. Konrad heiden says that national socialism is a union of causes rather than aims,i and certainly the present form of government in germany is unimaginable without the history of the last twenty years. I am, again, surprised, that books like this disappear from sight, while. Awareness of authentic national socialism as a system wholly distinct from nazism was initially restricted to a few apolitical historians, whose main advantage over the neonazis was that they studied the real policies of national socialist germany post1933 and the factional power plays within the nsdap, as opposed to unrealistically presuming. Like most neonazi groups active in the united states today, the national socialist movement traces its roots back to the 1960s and george lincoln rockwells american nazi party anp, the first wellestablished neonazi organization in america. Colins,17831859 4 warren,17981874 rodbertus,18051875 2 blanqui,18051881 proudhon,180918651 delescluze,i809187i 7 marlo,18101865 2 belinsky,18111848 3 ketteler,18111877 10 herzen,18121870 3 bakunin,18141876 6,8,9 marx,18181883 6,8,10,11 ruskin,18191900 14. In german the party name was nationalsozialistische deutsche arbeiterpartei nsdap. National socialist economics were of pivotal importance to hitlers government, but those policies are sadly very poorly understood today. Lane, nima, what we expected from national socialism. Understanding national socialism translation by high priestess myla limlal introduction this article arose from the need to clarify both those who already consider themselves national socialists while having a limited knowledge of their doctrine, and especially to those who are opposed to national socialism. Full text of pdf understanding national socialism see other formats understanding national socialism translation by high priestess myla limlal introduction this article arose from the need to clarify both those who already consider themselves national socialists while having a limited knowledge of their doctrine, and especially to those who are opposed to national socialism. Choose from 500 different sets of national socialism american flashcards on quizlet.
One can choose to live in a material fashion, pursuing wealth, shortterm gratification, fornication, or other feel good. National socialist state and policy, ideology and propaganda national socialist justice and legislation 3 history of the nsdap holocaust resistance and persecution in the third reich annihilation and expulsion. Though it is well known that nietzsche and wagner were among the predecessors of the. It is a space where people, often strangers, come together to share food, drink tea. Nazism, also spelled naziism, in full national socialism, german nationalsozialismus, totalitarian movement led by adolf hitler as head of the nazi party in germany. National socialism or nazism, doctrines and policies of the national socialist german workers party, which ruled germany under adolf hitler from 1933 to 1945. When people ask why adolf hitler called his party the national socialists, they are often told this was a misnomer. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. The roots of the nsm lay in a split that developed in combat 18 in the mid to late 1990s. There is another brand of socialism that hayek was more concerned about. National socialism was intended to have the total control to decide who would be allowed to procreate, and as a result, those that would be allowed to contribute to hitlers ideal society.
The reason for this linguistic double standard is not merely that leftists wish to dissociate socialism from the national socialist german workers party. The notion of combining the concepts of national and social became popular in germany before world war i. The basic ideas are a healthy shaping of personalities and a national altruism, contrary to atomised ideas of individualism and jewish internationalism that straddles both sides of the political spectrum. Hitlers secret backers financiers the book financial origins of national socialism 1933 by sydney warburg provides another. Lovell industrial society suggests that the dominant marxism was a historical detour for socialism, and invites a reappraisal of the deeprooted ethical strands within socialism.
Conservative, or bourgeois socialism, which has a kind of echo in the socalled socialism of the socialdemocratic and labour parties. Nazism is a convenient abbreviation for the ideology of national socialism, which flourished, principally in germany, in the period 1920 to 1945. Mein kampf english pdf mein kampf german 1936 pdf hitlers second secret book pdf the myth of the 20th century alfred rosenberg pdf white power george l. A study of the evolution of european society from the end of the seventeenth century to the outbreak of world war i. The number one question was how to cover the huge financial hole created by the. Pdf the volkisch modernist beginnings of national socialism. Your economy isnt the greatest, there is a lot of crime in green communities, and the y. The differences between socialism and national socialism. National socialism most often refers to nazism, the ideology of the nazi party german. The great war immensely furthered the popular sense of unity, and augmented german national consciousness. The financial sources of national socialism anonymous english pdf epub kindle english. Many studies of the origins of national socialism claim that the vo. In early 1997 it was claimed on itvs world in action that the original leader of combat 18 charlie sargent, who at the time was on remand for the murder of fellow c18 member chris castle, had acted as a paid informant for the police, although no evidence for this allegation was provided. Hitlers central role in the development of national socialism, this.
The belief that man is a part of the natural world and that he is in no way separate from it. Hitlers secret backers the financial sources of national socialism 1933 sidney warburg pdf. Patriotic dissent books is an independent book distributor that is thoroughly committed to freedom of speech in these very controversial times. We must never stop challenging the evil of the past. The theory of race, specially created, it seems, for some pretentious selfeducated individual seeking a universal key to all the secrets of life, appears particularly melancholy in the light of the. Earlier forms of the argument appeared in theorizing socialism and in my book national ideology under socialism. Feudal socialism, clerical socialism, pettybourgeois socialism, german or true socialism.
The impact of national socialism on the generation of naumann and. Using hitherto unexplored material, daniel gasman calls this generalization into question. Understanding national socialism its foundation, what. Racial idealism is based on the love of your own people. The ideological and structural evolution of national socialism, 1919. Rejecting economic thought as base, national socialism descends a stage lower. The answer is so obvious that we really neednt have bothered. National socialism was a weltanschauung or world view which sought to combine and preserve the racialethnicculturalspirituallinguistic solidarity amongst the german people as a unified nation the volk which is intimately bound to its own soil. National socialist german workers party, nsdap which existed in germany between 1920 and 1945 and ruled the country from 1933 to 1945 the term was used by a number of unrelated groups before the nazis, but since their rise to prominence it has become associated almost exclusively with their ideas, hence. The increasing gap between proletariat and bourgeoisie will be so great that the working classes will rise up in revolution and overthrow the elite bourgeoisie. National socialism ns is a worldview which combines the ethnic solidarity of nationalism with a social conscience towards its people and environment.
National socialist movement extremism in america adl. The party claimed to be the largest and most active national socialist organization in the united states. But socialist, as we shall see, was never to be confused with marxist doctrine, but rather, referred to the. Its politics, the nature of its social system, the workings of its economy, and its intellectual accomplishments. A history of national socialism by konrad heiden this book was written in 1934.
Most scholars in the angloamerican world rely on the slang word nazi to designate hitlers germany rather than the official term national socialist. To explain it as simply as i can, lets say youre blue and you live in an area that has over the years become more integrated with reds, yellows, and greens. Even though they sound almost similar, socialism and national socialism are different political ideologies that first emerged in the 19 th century. The national socialist german workers party german. We happily provide books and media which are now considered, by many, to be of a politically incorrect nature. National socialism is the only one that accepts the concrete fact that humans are indeed part of nature also. Adolf hitlers economic system based partly off the genius of gottfried feder was unlike anything the world had ever seen, and it worked better than anyone predicted at the time. National socialist movement united states wikipedia.241 1097 1213 1111 1262 261 1112 1098 745 1513 187 1213 833 363 1258 50 552 471 1023 1428 290 1072 1267 512 1076 1342 427 603 1136 175 1467 852 512 210 | <urn:uuid:a203d532-e79c-43c2-b642-d6e948424769> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pagurpama.web.app/864.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.935084 | 2,747 | 3.03125 | 3 |
For many of us, an apple is one of the first fruits we remember eating as a child. They conjure up warm feelings and fond memories…crisp apples on a cool autumn day, picking apples in an orchard, bobbing for apples at a fall party, toting apple slices to school in a lunchbox. They symbolize family values, as in apple pie and gifts for school teachers. And, they represent health. We can all recite the old adage, An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
It’s good to know that apples can promote health and well being. Because that saying is more that a cute rhyme. I’ve discovered in the past couple of years just how incredibly powerful this little fruit is!
Apples play a crucial role in fighting inflammation of all kinds. They calm the systems of the body by reducing viral and bacterial loads that inflame the body. In addition, the phytochemicals in apples feed the neurons of the brain and increase electrical activity. That makes them brain food!
Red skinned apples are especially beneficial. The pigments that create that rosy color have anti-obesity properties and strengthen the digestive system. They are the best colon cleanser. Pectin from an apple rids the intestinal tract of bacteria, viruses, yeast and mold. It also helps to eliminate debris that clogs pockets in the intestines.
This powerhouse of a fruit helps to pull heavy metals from the body and detoxifies the brain of MSG. They hydrate the body at a cellular level, providing trace minerals and salts and electrolytes, making them ideal to consume after exercise or a stressful day.
There are so many flavorful ways to enjoy the healing benefits of apples, without baking them in a pie or covering them with sticky caramel.
Slice them up and eat them plain, or pair with celery sticks and dates for a snack that supports the adrenal glands. I like to dip apple slices in organic, no sugar added peanut butter, for a mid afternoon treat, or make a healthy “caramel” dip by combining 6 dates, 1/4 teaspoon cinnamon and a little water in the blender. Yum!
Chopped apples can be added to any salad, for extra flavor and a crisp texture. And they are great for juicing. Apples add sweetness naturally to juices and can be added to other fruits or greens for a refreshing drink. One of my favorite hot beverages combines apple juice with spices, orange slices and cranberries for a soothing cider. Or, if craving something sweet, apples can be sliced in two, cored, and the center filled with walnuts and a dollop of 100% pure maple syrup. Sprinkle with cinnamon and bake about 20 minutes, then serve warm. What a delicious and satisfying dessert.
Try adding an apple a day, or two or three, to your diet and see how your body and health responds.
Apple slices with a sauce of blended dates and cinnamon.
Pick up your copy of Life Changing Foods by Anthony William below, and learn more about apples and 49 other health boosting foods.
I am an Amazon Affiliate and may earn a commission on purchases, at no extra cost to you. Thank you for considering making a purchase of this product, or any other items, through my Amazon link! | <urn:uuid:cba2bace-ccf9-4460-a995-fb4b3fe13d58> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.journeywithhealthyme.com/2018/02/09/apples/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.930679 | 682 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Title: A Lad of Mettle
Author and Title: Nat Gould. A Lad of Mettle
First Edition: London: Routledge, 1897. 1 volume, cr. 8vo., 2s.
References: BL; EC
- Search for title at The Online Books Page (please note: the search will take you out of At the Circulating Library)
How to Cite | <urn:uuid:c643deb2-2e63-4b14-b0fa-cc6b998e751b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://victorianresearch.org/atcl/show_title.php?tid=14363&aid=3188 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.734855 | 83 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Complementary & Alternative Medicine (CAM) refers to the array of therapies that are not typically associated with standard health care and extend beyond conventional Western medical treatments. The term complementary describes treatments used in conjunction with standard care, and the term alternative relates to less conventional methods of treatment. CAM may be used in place of or addition to standard health practices.
People considering using CAM treatments need to make an informed decision, just as they would with any synthetic medication or other treatment, weighing the evidence about effectiveness, drug interactions, side effects, and less dangerous options, to come up with a risk/benefit calculation. These are the issues that any physician must consider, and that anyone considering CAM treatment should consider.
There are many types of therapies people use to help treat mental health problems. These can include physical activity, such as exercise or yoga. They can also include creative therapies. These are therapies done using means of expressing yourself creatively. They can include using art, music, movement, or writing. | <urn:uuid:2dffde89-6f83-49c1-9fd8-6ff133f7a6f6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://morganmentalhealth.com/services/mental-healthcare/how/treatment-approaches/cam/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.960104 | 201 | 3.234375 | 3 |
With global economics the way they are it would be redundant to rant and rave about the downsides of corporate fund-raising. Quick infusions of cash from venture capital firms and institutional lenders are on hold and it is what it is but companies are becoming creative and corporate attention is steering away from the problems and toward the solutions.
The US and Chinese markets are intertwined in many ways and now a new trend in finance is making the relationship even closer. It’s a fact that Chinese corporations are still trying to figure out how to make their domestic stock market profitable and stable. Many of these companies have global ambitions with unique technology solutions business products and strategies but because of the week Chinese economy (compared to the power of other currencies) they have no choice but to head to the Frankfurt Exchange or the OTCBB market here in the United States.
As a corporate consultant that facilitates the process of going public for both domestic and global entities I have received maybe 5 to 10 calls per year from Chinese companies wanting to set up American corporate subsidiaries to absorb their foreign corporations and trade on the Bulletin Boards but all that has changed. I now receive 5 to 10 calls from Chinese and Indian companies per week to take advantage of the global market place that centers around America’s gravitational pull.
Here is how you can take your foreign entity public: set up a domestic corporation (I usually have corporations set up in Delaware because its fast, easy and the states statutes go back to the original 13 colonies so there is sufficient case law and precedence to protect a public entity affectively). Next you will need a professionally written business plan in English. Translated business plans don’t work as Western investors look for different details in transactions than their Asian counterparts. Write a new business plan based off of this new corporate entity.
After this you will use the Regulation D Rule 504 exemption to offer discounted stock to a core group of investors via DPO (direct public offering) we have spent 11 years putting our core group of investors together that can finance around 80% of the public process so it becomes extremely reasonably priced for foreign companies. Then the S1 is put together while simultaneously their SEC audit begins which is simple and fast because the company in the US is a startup. We go through and get the SEC approval, then FINRA and then the market maker that we have attached to the deal goes to work.
Now here is the kicker. If you have any experience with taking companies public you’ll see one common thread throughout all the companies that you work with and that is the fact that the company executives who started this company and are more than likely the majority share holders, want to retain as much equity as possible so this is simple. When the company is publicly trading, limit the issuance of stock specifically to your original core group and let the stock price stabilize then you simply take some of the company owned shares and use them as collateral for equity loans and lines of credit.
Once you’re public the last thing you want to do is liquidate shares to raise capital quickly. Instead, use your shares as collateralized bartering chips and you’ll never have a problem with cash flow or fund raising or the threat of losing control of your company. Foreign companies that want to go public in the United States are often intimidated by the strenuous process and the concern of ‘who to trust’. Find a consulting firm with experience in turnkey ‘go public’ facilitation and you’ll be fine.
categories: export to china,expand to china,exporting to china,China Manufacturers,China Supplier,China Suppliers | <urn:uuid:f358ec3c-da72-4375-a19b-1527e5cc269e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://contenty.org/china-export-products-expand-to-china-fast.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.960738 | 745 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Last January 2011, the Stockholm Convention Secretariat has launched the Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) Elimination Network (PEN) Awards. The Awards will honor outstanding achievements in the environmentally-sound management of PCBs under four thematic areas: inventories of PCBs; maintenance, handling and interim storage of equipment containing PCBs; disposal of PCBs; and open application of PCBs.
The convention received 27 nominations from all over the world, including individual experts and free-lancers, government institutions, industry, civil society and academic institutions. Among these, the Center for Public Health and Environmental Development (CEPHED), an SGP Grantee from Nepal won the PEN Awards for Capacity Building and Outreach Category.
With the support of SGP the CEPHED completed a detailed research on "Study of PCBs and their Impact on Health and Environment" in 2010, widely disseminating the impact of PCBs on public health and environment, and successfully completed four awareness raising training workshops. As a result from this awareness raising and capacity building activity, hospital staff from Kanti Hospital started to practice waste segregation, dispose waste in color coded box, and implementation of non burning mode of waste disposal. Also, the Grill Workers Association has gradually started to phase out the use of PCB contaminated transformer oil during welding process.
Mr Ram Charitra Sah, Executive Director, Centre for Public Health Environmental Development (CEPHED) (on the left), received the award in a ceremony organized by the Secretariat during the Fifth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Stockholm Convention, being held in Geneva, Switzerland.
CEPHED also made presentation during International POPs Elimination Network (IPEN) Annual General Meeting held from October 17 to 22, 2010, Almaty, Kazakhstan. | <urn:uuid:05f9fca3-ae5d-4cb6-a00c-43e5ed8dd90c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sgp.undp.org/resources-155/our-stories/129-sgp-grantee-from-nepal-won-the-2011-stockholm-conventions-pen-awards.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.943377 | 405 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Whether college students select to be in the arts or legislation, Cardona informed the graduating class, their faculty experience has made them stronger. Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona, one of 4 Latinos in President Joe Biden’s Cabinet, urged college graduates to embrace their uniqueness as their “superpower” to perform their profession and life targets. We are looking for expressions of curiosity from faculties throughout Science Victoria to participate on this program. Extend yourself with these free public lectures and professional improvement opportunities. Through education, counselling and psychology, our ardour is to have impact and to make a positive difference in our community. Applicants will no longer be required to submit GRE check scores for graduate admissions in an effort to improve educational access.
- The forty three contaminated college students came from “faraway states and nearby areas as properly,” Gering stated.
- For many years, the state leveraged investments in world-class educational establishments to turn into a worldwide leader in the biotech trade.
t no level in our nation’s history have we asked a lot of our education system as we do today. We ask that our major and secondary colleges prepare all students, regardless of background, for a lifetime of studying. We ask that lecturers guide each baby towards deeper understanding whereas concurrently attending to their social-emotional development. And we ask that our establishments of upper learning serve students with a far broader vary of life circumstances than ever earlier than.
Online Stakeholder Data Collection Within The Czech Republic
“Your health is our guiding concern, and our ideas and prayers are with those that are in isolation or quarantine.” “This outbreak highlights challenges to implementation of prevention strategies related to persuading students at faculties and universities to adopt and cling to really helpful mitigation measures outside campus,” the CDC report mentioned. Among faculty members, 76 p.c said that online studying has “negatively impacted the standard of college education in Ontario,” according to a survey by the Ontario Confederation of University Faculty Associations.
I’m frequently impressed with how Idahoans are weathering this storm, and I know the power and innovation of this time will serve us properly sooner or later. At the SDE, we work intently with districts, constitution faculties, stakeholders and other businesses to help navigate the gentle closure and put together for the approaching year. And we’re working to develop a statewide, opt-in studying management system in order that small rural districts aren’t working at an obstacle in a distance-learning setting. Alum Amy Peterson strives to make her science classroom a space the place every pupil is challenged and comfy sharing their ideas.
Extra From Education
Unlock Literacy focuses on constructing foundational learning and core reading abilities. New ways for education to use knowledge and synthetic intelligence to discover learning gaps or provide higher pupil engagement. The Ministry of Education has reported people to the authorities after they’d found that these folks have been allegedly selling worksheets for college students on social media. A child’s attendance price in ninth grade is a greater indicator of dropping out than check scores.
Two Educators Reflect on Leading for Racial Justice Two education leaders, one an assistant principal, the opposite a school member at Harvard’s ed school, speak about racism in schools. Meet the Parent Activists of the Pandemic Four stories of fogeys who organized others to get children the education and assets they need, despite institutional head winds. Outdoor education instructor Education Mark Savage challenges his students with a game at school at Brewer High School in Brewer, Maine in April. Browse key indicators on the condition of education in the United States at all ranges, from prekindergarten by way of postsecondary, as well as labor drive outcomes and worldwide comparisons.
Nonprofit, Public Service Organization
Learn how one of the nation’s preeminent packages in design and manufacturing stays forward of the curve by educating industry-relevant ideas and getting ready college students for the long run. greater than 200 million children can be out of faculty, and only 60 per cent of young individuals would be completing upper secondary education in 2030. COVID-19 Global Education Coalition, a multi-sector partnership between the UN household Education & Science, civil society organizations, media and IT partners to design and deploy innovative options. Together they assist countries deal with content material and connectivity gaps, and facilitate inclusive studying opportunities for kids and youth during this period of sudden and unprecedented educational disruption.
— Montessori Education (@MontessoriEduc2) May 11, 2021
Still, greater than a third of Division I public universities, 37 percent, reported expenses exceeded revenue that 12 months. Although some donor help may be expected to offset losses, a good portion of donor support comes from seating precedence programs — donors buying the best to pick seats underneath certain circumstances. Because sports activities are strategically necessary for universities, Moody’s expects universities to provide “extraordinary assist” like internal loans in order to stay current on debt payments for athletic facilities. Colleges and universities might faucet their financial reserves to close budget gaps tied to the pandemic, the scores company said in a report released Thursday morning. In addition to shifting its instruction to distant studying, the college mentioned it might continue to “greatly reduce residence corridor occupancy,” which it stated had been at 60 p.c capability. | <urn:uuid:ee69087f-c160-407f-b4d6-ae20f5034df8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gennaraeswingsandmore.com/ny-state-education-division.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948915 | 1,098 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Badgers have become a rare sight in British Columbia, which is why it’s even more surprising that one tried to hop into a Kelowna man’s boat earlier this week.
Ron Lancour told CBC’s Daybreak Kamloops that he was alone in the middle of the Cariboo’s Sheridan Lake when he first spotted something swimming toward his boat.
It was “not something I recognized as an aquatic species,” he told CBC. As it got closer, the animal disappeared along the side of the boat, until Lancour suddenly heard what he describes as a “snarling” noise coming from the water.
As the badger climbed aboard, Lancour tried to poke him back into the water with the handle of his aluminum fishing net, but that didn’t stop the animal.
“I knew that I had to stun him somehow. I certainly didn’t want to hit him across the head and kill him,” said Lancour, who knew that badgers are a protected species in the province.
Although Lancour never expected something like this to happen on an otherwise peaceful day of fishing, badgers are known to be quite capable swimmers. In fact, they often cross bodies of water to follow prey or explore new land. But as one of the most endangered species in Canada, they can be as rare to spot on land as they are on water.
Lancour thought he finally managed to deter the badger by giving it a rap on the nose with the end of a paddle, shoving it back into the water. But just as the fisherman began to breathe a sigh of relief, the badger came around to the other side of the boat and tried to climb aboard once more.
“I was determined I wasn’t going to be the one that ended up in the water,” Lancour said.
This time, he shoved the badger off with his paddle and immediately went for the throttle. The animal, who was left behind in his wake, gave up and began swimming toward an island in the other direction.
“I’ve dealt with animals all my life,” Lancour said. “He just picked the wrong person to get in the boat with.” | <urn:uuid:8ece3623-e5d9-4879-822d-f979c8403c8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cottagelife.com/general/b-c-fisherman-battles-badger-as-it-climbs-aboard-his-boat/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.985702 | 475 | 2.140625 | 2 |
MAINE, USA — Wreaths Across America announced Monday that Arlington National Cemetery will not allow the placement of veterans' wreaths on National Wreaths Across America Day this year because of coronavirus.
Usually, a convoy with thousands of wreaths makes the trek from Maine to Arlington National Cemetery to lay them on the graves of fallen soldiers.
"As an organization, we are shocked by this unexpected turn of events. To say we are devastated, would be an understatement," the organization wrote in a Facebook post.
The event was scheduled for Saturday, December 19 at more than 2,400 cemeteries across the country, including in Maine. Last year, the convoy stopped in Columbia Falls, Ellsworth, and Portland as well as Gorham High School, Thornton Academy, and Kittery Trading Post.
Wreaths Across America asks everyone to stay tuned for details about how they plan to recommit to the mission and join them in honoring and remembering all veterans.
The video below is from 2019. | <urn:uuid:e1577e85-a388-460a-b29c-53011e7d5ee0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.5newsonline.com/article/life/wreaths-across-america-will-not-place-wreaths-at-arlington-national-cemetery-due-to-covid-19/97-6f4e6b96-bc71-446d-8f6d-a315bb841708 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.962223 | 210 | 1.5 | 2 |
This exhibition shows how humans learned about our place in the universe: the development of Astronomy from ~300 BCE to the 1700s. Visiting the exhibit, one can see how scientific knowledge had developed, spread, and changed.
Arranged chronologically, it displays some of the Library’s valuable and rare books by Aristarchus, Ptolemy, Copernicus, and Newton.
Special Collection Items
- Aristarchus of Samos (circa 310–230 BC)
De magnitudinibus, et distantiis solis, et lunae, liber (1572)
Special Collections QB41 .A76 1572
- Claudius Ptolemy (circa 90-168)
Almagestum seu Magnae constructionis mathematicae opus plane diuinum (1528)
Special Collections QB41 .P956 1528
- Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
De revolutionibus orbium cælestium (1617)
Special Collections QB41 .C76 1617 | <urn:uuid:70748977-7391-478b-bdda-e9ea9f937978> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://library.hkust.edu.hk/exhibitions/discovering-the-universe/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.709385 | 222 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Algorithmic Information Disclosure by Regulators and Competition Authorities
Global Jurist, 2019
33 Pages Posted: 24 Apr 2019
Date Written: March 31, 2019
Also in the digital age, markets work properly as long as consumers are well informed. What is peculiar of the digital age is that consumers have become very fragile, also because firms can extensively manipulate the information that they produce and distribute to markets. Antitrust authorities may find their way to prosecute business manipulative conduct, as some rulings suggest. However, the enforcement of antitrust law is subject to precise circumstances and requires cumbersome proceedings, especially when dominant firms are involved. Therefore, a simpler and more widespread intervention is needed. Although over the years traditional disclosure regulation has showed its limits, today algorithmic analysis gives room to more effective forms of disclosure regulation. Therefore, the paper maintains that both regulators and antitrust authorities can use these new forms of disclosure regulation to perform better their functions. Thanks to algorithmic analysis, (a) regulators can provide consumers with targeted co-regulated disclosures; (b) while competition authorities, using their advocacy powers, can provide trustworthy rankings and reviews about firms’ ability to comply with antitrust and consumer protection laws.
Keywords: information disclosure, antitrust, co-regulation, information asymmetry, big data, digital markets, proportionality, algorithms
JEL Classification: K21, L15, L50, D80
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation | <urn:uuid:ed1ef9be-fa54-41c0-aacf-9e33d68b6ce4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3363169 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.944084 | 292 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Jorge E. Cortes, MD, discusses the frontline treatment options for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.
Jorge E. Cortes, MD, deputy chief and a professor of medicine in the Department of Leukemia at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, discusses the frontline treatment options for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). This includes the most recent approval of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), among 3 other FDA-approved TKIs.
The most recent change to the treatment landscape includesthe FDA’s approval of bosutinib (Bosulif), a second-generation TKI. With this approval, there are now 4 FDA-approved TKIs available for the frontline treatment of patients with CML. Cortes says the bulk of the data for these agents show they all look consistent with imatinib (Gleevec) in terms of benefit. It is difficult to reconcile differences between these drugs as the studies are all similar, but Cortes says these are the standard of care.
Other important things that are emerging in this space include lower doses of agents such as dasatinib (Sprycel). Initial results for low-dose regimens of nilotinib (Tasigna) and bosutinib were positive, so Cortes is not surprised to see similar results for dasatinib. | <urn:uuid:4d61106a-0b90-4753-965f-c4fd59f62a20> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.targetedonc.com/view/comparing-frontline-therapies-for-the-treatment-of-chronic-myeloid-leukemia | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.905692 | 286 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Comparison of Two Solutions of Regeneration Circuits for Tramcars
In the following paper are presented comparison of two solution variants for tramcars T3. There are presented results obtained form computer simulations and two principal schemes of both solutions. Also there are presented results obtained from data array and analysis of them, too. 6 characteristics of simulation of these two schemes are showed, too. Then equations with normalized parameters are presented, what is very important for clear understanding and working principles of both schemes from absolute point of view. Then there are presented characteristics that are obtained from equations with normalized parameters. Il. 11, bibl. 3 (in English; summaries in English, Russian and Lithuanian).
How to Cite
The copyright for the paper in this journal is retained by the author(s) with the first publication right granted to the journal. The authors agree to the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) agreement under which the paper in the Journal is licensed.
By virtue of their appearance in this open access journal, papers are free to use with proper attribution in educational and other non-commercial settings with an acknowledgement of the initial publication in the journal. | <urn:uuid:402f8524-5c38-4385-8c11-3ffdf04d8c31> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eejournal.ktu.lt/index.php/elt/article/view/10677 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.92959 | 253 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Premier League Players Will Not Have to Kneel for BLM Before Games This Season
© AP Photo / Frank AugsteinLiverpool's Thiago, centre, and Manchester City's Kevin De Bruyne take a knee before the FA Community Shield soccer match between Liverpool and Manchester City
© AP Photo / Frank Augstein
American Football quarterback Colin Kaepernick originated 'taking the knee' in protest when the US national anthem was played. The English national football team adopted the gesture before the start of games during the 2021 European Championship — after standing to sing 'God Save the Queen'.
English Premier League players will only be expected to kneel in support of the US Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement at the start of certain matches this season.
The captains of the 20 top-flight clubs have agreed to only make the protest act co-opted as a gesture towards racial harmony during certain matches in order to "to amplify the message that racism has no place in football or society".
Those will include special No Room for Racism matches in October and March, Boxing Day fixtures after the World Cup has finished, the last day of the season and the FA and EFL cup finals.
"We have decided to select significant moments to take the knee during the season to highlight our unity against all forms of racism and in so doing we continue to show solidarity for a common cause," the captains said in a statement. "We remain resolutely committed to eradicate racial prejudice, and to bring about an inclusive society with respect and equal opportunities for all."
The Premiership, a corporation made up of the 20 clubs and the Football Association (FA), supported the decision.
"The Premier League supports the players' decision and, alongside the clubs, will use these opportunities to elevate anti-racism messaging as part of the League's No Room for Racism Action Plan," the league said in a statement.
Professional Footballers' Association chief executive Maheta Molango explained that players feared the act of kneeling was in danger of becoming a meaningless gesture.
"We've always been clear that choosing whether to take the knee should be a personal decision for each individual," Molango said. "We've spoken to players about this and what we've heard is that they want to find a balance. They don't want the gesture of taking the knee to become routine, so that it potentially loses its impact."
From Personal Protest to Official Posture
The gesture of "taking the knee" originated in 2016 with American Football quarterback Colin Kaepernick. Kaepernick, who played for the San Francisco 49ers, refused to rise from the team bench and stand for the national anthem at a pre-season game.
"I am not going to stand up to show pride in a flag for a country that oppresses black people and people of colour," He said later. "To me, this is bigger than football and it would be selfish on my part to look the other way. There are bodies in the street and people getting paid leave and getting away with murder".
At subsequent games Kaepernick got off the bench only to kneel down for the anthem, saying his intention was to show more respect for war veterans while maintaining his protest. Others soon imitated the player's gesture, including elected US federal politicians and then-presidential candidate Joe Biden.
31 October 2021, 15:40 GMT
The English national football team knelt before the start of games during the delayed European Championship 2020 tournament in 2021 — after standing and singing the national anthem 'God Save the Queen'. The move drew criticism from some quarters but was supported by Prime Minister Boris Johnson. | <urn:uuid:d05b35ef-5a52-4836-9251-5a905d62df09> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sputniknews.com/20220803/premier-league-players-will-not-have-to-kneel-for-blm-before-games-this-season-1098081124.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.958649 | 729 | 2.1875 | 2 |
A recent data from the Ghana Health Service has revealed that about 41 percent of Ghanaians have some psychological disorder.
Further, the data said 32.4 percent lived with a mental disease while 13 percent of persons with mental disability-adjusted have life years.
The Deputy Executive Director of the Christian Health Association of Ghana (CHAG) gave the statistics at a day’s training workshop on the management of mentally ill persons for faith-based, prayer camp leaders and traditional healers among others in Koforidua, the Eastern Regional capital.
Dr James Duah said the workshop is aimed at improving the lives of people with mental illness in Ghana, improve access to health care, reduce stigma and reintegrate treated mentally ill persons into society among others as the objectives.
The training workshop, he said, is also to sensitize stakeholders on how to manage persons living with mental illness.
He stressed the need to stop chaining mentally ill persons at prayer camps, churches, herbal centres among others, but refer patients to any nearby health facilities across the country.
Dr Duah said, mental illness is a condition that affects a person’s thinking, feeling and mood and it is caused by genetics, environment, lifestyle, traumatic, drugs and alcohol abuse among other practices adding that everyone is at risk of getting mental health illness irrespective of one’s profession and social status.
Dr. Duah noted impaired ability to relate to others, inability to cope with the normal stress of life, inability to function and poor performance, as early signs of mental illness.
Delusions, echolalia, suicidal tendencies, extreme quietness, isolation, dressing and getting on the streets among others, as late signs of mental illness. He, therefore, urged the general public not to traumatize persons with mental illness.
The Director of Catholic Health Services and the Eastern Regional CHAG Coordinator, Victus Kwaku Kpesese said, mental health accounts for a larger portion of the global burden of diseases, as it affects all ages putting everyone at risk.
He said the workshop was also organized as part of activities to officially launch the 50th anniversary of CHAG in the Eastern Region.
Mr Kpesese said UKaid has joined CHAG to help in facilitating people with mental issues. He urged family members not to neglect mentally ill persons to their fate.
The Superior of the St. John of God Brothers of the Koforidua community, Rev. Brother Yohannes Torwoe said, mental illness and stigma should be the concern of all. | <urn:uuid:bfa7c187-668b-45b2-85a9-e5dc9db1ac63> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ghanaiandemocrat.com/42-of-ghanaians-live-with-psychological-disorder-ghs-report/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.945905 | 529 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs) are a class of 50+ cancers arising in muscle and soft tissues of children, adolescents, and adults. Rarity of each subtype often precludes subtype-specific preclinical research, leaving many STS patients with limited treatment options should frontline therapy be insufficient. When clinical options are exhausted, personalized therapy assignment approaches may help direct patient care. Here, we report the results of an adult female STS patient with relapsed undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) who self-drove exploration of a wide array of personalized Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIAs) level and research-level diagnostics, including state of the art genomic, proteomic, ex vivo live cell chemosensitivity testing, a patient-derived xenograft model, and immunoscoring. Her therapeutic choices were also diverse, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgeries. Adjuvant and recurrence strategies included off-label and natural medicines, several immunotherapies, and N-of-1 approaches. Identified treatment options, especially those validated during the in vivo study, were not introduced into the course of clinical treatment but did provide plausible treatment regimens based on FDA-approved clinical agents.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging | <urn:uuid:3340022d-d46c-4e63-b2a5-8ea7744ee0fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scholars.uthscsa.edu/en/publications/deep-functional-and-molecular-characterization-of-a-high-risk-und | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.923002 | 287 | 2 | 2 |
The average family drinks about two gallons of milk each week, or 104 gallons a year. On October 31, 2011, Ohio families won the right to know what's in that milk, after the Ohio Department of Agriculture (ODA) reached an agreement with plaintiffs, including the Organic Trade Association, to withdraw a controversial dairy labeling rule.
In 2008, the State of Ohio had issued an emergency regulation to prohibit labeling dairy products as produced without the use of the artificial growth hormone, recombinant growth Hormone (rbGH).
“This agreement is a victory for consumer choice and transparency. Now, farmers and processors in Ohio will be able to accurately label their milk rbGH-free, and consumers will be able to use this information when they purchase dairy products,” said OEFFA Executive Director Carol Goland. “We applaud the Ohio Department of Agriculture’s commitment to end pursuit of regulations that restrict a consumers’ right to know and a farmers’ right to inform consumers about their production practices.”
The agreement follows a September 30, 2010 U.S. Court of Appeals 6th Circuit decision striking down significant parts of the pending rule created by the ODA to prohibit labeling dairy products as “rbGH-free.”
Critical to the decision was the Court’s reliance on an amicus brief filed by The Center for Food Safety, OEFFA, and other organizations that demonstrated milk produced with synthetic hormones is different than milk produced without it. Significantly, the Appeals Court recognized the compositional differences in conventional milk compared to rbGH-free milk. They acknowledged that milk from cows treated with rbGH has elevated levels of IGF-1, higher somatic cell (dispersed pus) counts, and lower quality of milk during certain phases of the lactation cycle.
"As approval for new genetically-engineered foods is sought, to have a federal court come down on the side of transparency and consumer choice is a broader victory than just rbGH and milk," said Goland.
rbGH, a synthetic hormone injected into cows to boost milk production, has been linked to an increased risk of breast and prostate cancer in humans and increases the incidence of clinical mastitis and lameness in treated cows. Europe, Canada, Japan, and Australia do not allow the hormone to be used in dairy production, and organizations such as the American Public Health Association have called for its ban in the U.S.
Yet, under the ODA’s 2008 rule, Ohio’s dairy producers could not label their milk “rbGH-free" or “artificial hormone free,” and could not make a statement about rbGH on their packaging without also adding: “The FDA has found no significant difference between milk from cows treated with artificial growth hormone and those that have not been treated.”
OEFFA opposed this labeling law from the start, leading the Ohio-based opposition, and coordinating with our national partners, the Organic Trade Association, the Organic Consumers Association, The Center for Food Safety, Food & Water Watch, and Ben & Jerry's.
“After being on every panel, testifying at every hearing, working with our members to write letters and make calls, participating in the first lawsuit, and joining as a partner in the amica curiae brief, we’re pleased to see this multi-year campaign resolved in favor of consumer choice and to have the free speech of dairies and processors restored,” concluded Goland.
Donate — Since 2008, OEFFA worked to overturn the ODA’s restrictive and misleading dairy labeling law. Make a donation now to support OEFFA's continued efforts to protect consumers' right to know what’s in their food.
Find Advocacy Information and Resources — Click here.
Learn More — To find out about OEFFA's other policy work and how you can get involved, click here. | <urn:uuid:cde8c9dc-b273-4c5b-a8c0-8006dacd6c53> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.oeffa.org/farmpolicy_labeling.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.960555 | 813 | 2.890625 | 3 |
How to Paint a Living Room & Kitchen With Grey & Green
Living rooms and kitchens are two of the most utilized rooms in the house. They are often the two rooms most seen by guests and can help set the tone for the rest of the home's decor. When choosing what paint palette to paint these two spaces, remember that even if the two rooms aren't open to one another, the color story of the home has to work together to help form one, cohesive design.
Look for inspiration to select the right colors or color tones from large items in both or either room. Places to look include the flooring, kitchen counters, kitchen cabinets, living room furniture and living room rugs.
Make note of whether the overall color palette in both rooms is warm or cool. Warm colors tend to have a yellow, red or orange undertone, while cool colors often have a blue undertone. For the most cohesive paint palette, stick to whatever the predominate tone is for the space. For example, golden oak floors and a cream sofa indicate a warm color palette, while slate floors and white cabinets would indicate a cool palette.
Make sure that both colors selected have the same undertone. Green and grey work best together when they have a similar hue. This means that if one color is being used in each room, the colors should flow naturally from one room into the next. For example, a cool green leaning toward grey can feed into a darker, more slate grey in the next room.
Consider using one of the colors as an accent if the rooms are in an open floor plan. If the living room feeds right into the kitchen, consider painting both rooms grey, but keep one wall for a bold shade of green to add a pop of color to the space and draw the eye to that area of the room.
Use a cohesive and unifying trim and ceiling paint. Use the same trim color for both rooms. White, for example, can look very crisp against both green and grey and can unify the two areas. Keep the trim paint in tone with the other two colors selected for the rooms: cool white for cool-toned colors and warm white or cream for warmer shades.
Paint a small section of each room in the chosen colors, and look at the two colors in all lights and at all times of day for a week before deciding. Paint colors can change dramatically in the light of a home from the light at a store.
Sarabeth Asaff has worked in and has written about the home improvement industry since 1995. She has written numerous articles on art, interior design and home improvements, specializing in kitchen and bathroom design. A member in good standing with the National Kitchen and Bath Association, Asaff has working knowledge of all areas of home design. | <urn:uuid:8ce01b93-398e-4114-a0f8-3b756bf97df4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://homeguides.sfgate.com/paint-living-room-kitchen-grey-green-63911.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.944673 | 599 | 1.875 | 2 |
Estimated reading time: 2 minutes
These sugar shapes are one of my all time favourite homemade gifts! You can make them in any shape you like as you can see in these pictures and of course you an even make them different sizes to equate roughly 1 or 2 teaspoons. I love the oohs and aahs they evoke from visitors when I serve them with tea or coffee.
The food colouring here is so minimal, you don’t taste it at all.
Do not refrigerate them, keep them in a dry cool place, where you would normally keep your sugar.
These are also perfect for entertaining the kids once school’s closed for the holidays, give them a cutter each and let them have at it!
Shall we get started?
If you like the recipe, don’t forget to leave me a comment and that all important, 5-star rating! Thank you!
And if you make the recipe, share it on any platform and tag me @azlinbloor.
Sugar Shapes – edible gift
- Small cutters of your choice
- 200 g caster sugar
- Food colouring paste of different colours
- Line 2 baking sheets with non-stick baking parchment.
- Put the sugar into a bowl, add 1–2 tablespoons cold water and stir thoroughly until the sugar feels like damp sand, like when you’re making sandcastles.
- Divide the sugar mixture up depending on how many colours you’d like to use.
- Using a toothpick, add a minute amount of colour to each portion of the mix. Combine well.
- Place one colour onto one of the baking sheets and press firmly or use a rolling pin gently to flatten to a thickness of about 1cm.
- Using a small shaped cookie cutter, stamp out shapes. Gently push each sugar shape out of the cutter and onto the second baking sheet. Repeat until you have used up all the different mixtures up.
- Leave to dry overnight. Do not place/store in the fridge.
- Pack in something pretty and label if giving as gifts. | <urn:uuid:51ee08be-95d6-43c8-84cd-6c5da3d580ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.linsfood.com/sugar-shapes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.911078 | 452 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.