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Date: 11/2/2016, 9:00 am—4:00 pm
County: Alameda County
Sponsor: Fred Finch Youth & Family Services
Youth involved in the child welfare and juvenile justice systems often experience extensive trauma in their backgrounds. Many youth experience complex trauma due to chronic exposure to multiple and severe traumatic events. Review the impact of trauma on youth development, including mental health and behavioral consequences. Discuss the trauma related disorders including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); complex trauma; reactive attachment disorder; and disinhibited social engagement disorder. Review evidence-based practices and treatment approaches for working with youth who have trauma-related disorders. Explore the development and components of self-regulation skills in maintaining positive mental health. Discuss cognitive and behavioral techniques for helping youth impacted by trauma develop physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral self-regulation. | <urn:uuid:5cddf7b7-4bd1-4014-b247-7c7e45517c50> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fostercaretraining.org/course/ptsd-complex-trauma-and-attachment-disorders-youth-impact-and-treatment-approaches/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.904919 | 194 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Thinking of taking up volunteering? It's one of the most rewarding and worthwhile experiences you could ever undertake, and Brighton is one of the best places to start. A forward-thinking, socially-aware city, Brighton offers all manner of volunteering options, with commitments ranging from a few hours a week to a long-term role. Here are just a few suggestions for what you could gift your time towards.
Volunteer at a festival or event
Brighton's events calendar is packed with things you could help out with. And since many of these festivals are temporary weekend excursions, there's only a short-term commitment required. If you're new to volunteering, this could be the ideal introduction.
The most obvious choice is the annual Brighton Festival, which takes place in the city every year around May. Organisers are always looking for volunteers to help in stewarding, marketing, planning, and learning. As well as excellent opportunities for CV-boosting and skills, there may also be the chance to see some of the artists and performers for free.
Volunteering with the elderly
Elderly people often suffer from immense loneliness and social isolation in later years. Whether rendered immobile from health conditions, having lost touch with family members, or simply left alone from being widowed, it's a truly unthinkable way to spend your twilight years, in a state of sadness and depression.
Volunteers help the elderly with gardening activities Photographer: EU Social www.flickr.com
Charities such as Contact the Elderly aim to alleviate these problems by organising volunteers to hold monthly Sunday afternoon tea parties with groups of over-75s who live alone. Volunteering in this way takes hardly any time or effort, yet makes an enormous impact on people's lives.
Volunteering with leaving prisoners
The Prince's Trust organises a mentorship programme for people aged 18-30 leaving prison, helping them in the transition from prison back to their community and society at large. Time spent in prison can be an overwhelming experience and it's vital for the journey back into the world to be a smooth one. Volunteers can offer support, guidance, encouragement and inspiration to young people over a sustained period of time and help them focus towards a career and a better life.
Helping former prisoners acquire those skills necessary to land and keep decent jobs. Photographer: Chattanooga Endeavors, Inc www.flickr.com
Organisations like YMCA are always looking for volunteers for its drop-in Youth Advice Centres. You don't have to be an expert in any field. You just need to be a careful and considerate listener who won't shirk from any sort of problem, and who can tactfully refer young people to a specialist worker or service. Young people are among the most vulnerable in any society, and the work of volunteers is invaluable in supporting those difficult years. | <urn:uuid:36a14e28-51d3-4edc-833b-45a69a69b3a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.weekendnotes.co.uk/volunteering-ideas-in-brighton/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.959631 | 586 | 1.6875 | 2 |
The modern educational system is more inclined to use a more research-based curriculum for university courses. The researchers need to produce thesis papers as per their academic courses. While writing the paper, it may happen that the students or researchers have mistakenly included some parts of their reference material into their original content. It is an instance of plagiarism. To avoid intentional or unintentional plagiarism, the students and researchers need to use anti-plagiarism software.
The students may also end up directly plagiarising due to a lack of effort or misconception. Thus, the students interested in higher studies and value their academic papers need to be careful about plagiarism. There are specific ways they can keep their work plagiarism-free.
What Is Plagiarism?
How to Check Plagiarism?
The students need to find out their ideas about the topic they are working on and then break the content in terms of questions that they answer in the paper. Ample research and properly looking for reference material is another crucial step for the researchers. While they are writing the content, they need to be careful about using the reference material.
If the students or researchers use parts of their reference article to substantiate their argument, they need to note the materials. It may be easier for them to credit the source appropriately. Once the writing is over, the researchers or writers need to concentrate on the editing to check for plagiarism.
To avoid plagiarism, they need to use an anti-plagiarism tool. For an accurate result, they can use a grammar checker tool before using the plagiarism checker. The anti-plagiarism software identifies the copied parts in the content so that the student can remove the chances of plagiarism.
Anti-plagiarism software is handy to produce plagiarism-free original content. Here are some reasons why the researchers must use an anti-plagiarism tool.
Plagiarism Content Highlights
The student and writers may end up with plagiarized content within their article without even realizing it. The writers and researchers feel the need to use some parts of their reference material in their work.
While doing so, they may mistakenly leave out those parts with the main content without putting them in quotes. It can also happen that the writer never realized that they had used a part taken from a specific already existing text. It can be the reason for plagiarism.
Many students have the misconception that if they use published work or work, they can get a higher score. This idea can damage the career of a student. Plagiarism can be accidental, or it can be intentional. In both cases, it damages the reputation of a writer or student.
The anti-plagiarism tools scan the papers uploaded by the researchers and writers and then compress them against the other published works present online. The anti-plagiarism application has its database, and the tool conducts a check against the content. The Plagiarism tool then identifies the copied contents present in the article and highlights those parts to identify them quickly.
Additional Reference Offerings
Like misquotations, using the wrong citation is also an instance of plagiarism. On several occasions, the students and writers forget to do a proper citation. An absent citation can be an instance of plagiarism.
Besides that, the researchers need to follow an appropriate citation method, including the name of the book they refer to, the author’s name, publication date, page number, etc. If they are using an online journal, then the writers need to mention the issue of it. For online sites or webpages, they should cite the URL in the citation.
Anti-plagiarism applications are beneficial to avoid plagiarism related to citation. These tools identify the copied contents present in the article uploaded by the writers or students and highlight those parts. Along with that, they also provide users with a link to the original content. It allows researchers and writers to do proper citations. The writers can check if the mentioned parts are not their own, and they must use an originality checker.
Percentage Data of Similarity
As the originality checker compares the uploaded document to the other pre-existing document, it finds out the same content. The similarity can be of phrase, sentence, and paragraph. It may happen that the writer has used some very commonly known facts, which, to some extent, match the content.
Hence, the anti-plagiarism application generates a complete report about the similarity and the identification of the same part. For those parts, the writer can use quotation marks and do a proper citation. The detailed report with the percentage of similarity helps in assessing content.
Proof of Originality
The plagiarism report produced by anti-plagiarism software is an excellent way to complete the writing. For freelance writers, it ensures the quality of their content, and at the same time, the lower percentage means the content is original writing of the writer.
Many organizations that take the help of professional writers may feel worried about the originality of the content. If a website has copied content, search engines like Google remove the website from the search list and lower SEO rank.
For this reason, the website loses its traffic, and this ultimately hampers its business. For e-commerce sites, this damage can be more lasting, so the report with percentage similarity is like proof of the content’s quality.
Assessment of Paraphrased Content
On several occasions, a writer ends up with contents that are paraphrased from another original article. To avoid a citation and to use the quotation, many students prefer to use only paraphrased content. Not using quotes for paraphrased content is an instance of plagiarism. On occasions, the students or writers may substitute parts of writing with similar words and phrases to avoid citations.
Paraphrase software helps them identify the paraphrased parts in an article, and they should know how to cite a paraphrase. If a writer or researcher uses paraphrased content in their article, they need to use proper quotations and citations. The anti-plagiarism tools identify the paraphrased content for the writers to use quotes, which helps them stay away from plagiarism. | <urn:uuid:30315be3-2a46-4c1e-b1e7-e8bc4b6c6a2a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://copyleaks.com/blog/learn-why-anti-plagiarism-software-is-a-handy-tool-for-researchers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.930181 | 1,285 | 3.234375 | 3 |
New Developments in AdS3/CFT2 HolographyMar 20, 2017 - May 12, 2017
Two of the key problems of modern theories of fundamental interactions are the under-standing of strongly coupled gauge theories and quantum gravity. Holographic duality, through the celebrated work of Maldacena, connects these two seemingly very different problems; it does so via a strong/weak correspondence, making it possible to infer the behavior of strongly coupled gauge theory from a weakly coupled theory of gravity and vice versa. This striking conjecture has fundamentally reshaped the way we think of gauge and gravity theories in the quantum regime.
A quantitative description of gauge/string duals with little or no supersymmetry would likely lead to a much better understanding of strongly coupled phenomena such as confinement or black-hole entropy, making their study an important goal of the community. However, a quantitative framework of generic dualities remains very ambitious. Instead, it may be useful to identify examples which have interesting dynamical behaviour that also retain some simplifying features that allow for a quantitative analysis.
The AdS3 /CFT2 duality is an ideal toy-model for such investigations. Since it has a relatively small amount of supersymmetry (half of the maximally supersymmetric AdS5 /CFT4 example) it allows for a rich dynamics. At the same time, AdS3 /CFT2 plays an important role in a variety of diverse problems in theoretical physics including the strong-coupling dynamics of two-dimensional gauge theories, dynamics of three-dimensional black-holes, quantum instanton moduli space of four-dimensional gauge theory, microscopic entropy counting in five-dimensional black-holes, higher-spin spin symmetries and integrable models, to name but a few. As a result, there are a number of approaches to understanding this duality, each with its own set of tools.
The principal aims of this workshop are:
1. To review recent progress in AdS3 /CFT2.
2. To assemble a critical mass of leading international researchers in order to stimulate collaboration and inspire new developments.
3. To contribute to the research training of young researchers in Italy, Europe and world-wide.
Applications for the workshop and the school closed on October 31. Should you wish to submit a late application, please contact the organisers at firstname.lastname@example.org
- Gauge linear sigma models
- Two-dimensional conformal field theories
- Black holes
- Four-dimensional instantons
- Higher-spin symmetries
Jan de Boer, Amsterdam U. (Netherlands), Riccardo Borsato, NORDITA (Sweden), Matthias Gaberdiel, ETH Zurich (Switzerland), Olof Ohlsson Sax, NORDITA (Sweden), Alessandro Sfondrini, ETH Zurich (Switzerland),Bogdan Stefanski, jr., London City U. (UK), David Tong, Cambridge U. (UK), Alessandro Torrielli, Surrey U. (UK)
Classical and quantum aspects of the AdS3/CFT2 correspondence (Conference) - May 02, 2017
Recent developments in AdS3 black-hole physics (Focus Week) - Apr 10, 2017
AdS3: theory and practice (School) - Mar 27, 2017
|Aug 12, 2022 - 01:10||Efrat Gerchkovitz||to be announced||Seminar|
|Mar 20, 2017 - 11:00||Sumit Das||Entanglement Scaling in Quantum Quenches||Seminar|
|Mar 21, 2017 - 11:00||Per Kraus||Into the bulk with conformal blocks||Seminar|
|Mar 23, 2017 - 11:00||Chris Hull||Strings, fields and geometry||Seminar|
|Mar 23, 2017 - 14:30||David Tong||On Particle-Vortex Duality||Seminar|
|Mar 23, 2017 - 16:00||Massimo Bianchi||On micro-state geometries of 4-d black-holes and their stringy origin||Seminar|
|Mar 24, 2017 - 11:00||Takuya Okuda||Supersymmetric vortex defects in two dimensions||Seminar|
|Apr 03, 2017 - 11:00||Shlomo Razamat||2d dualities from 3d dualities||Seminar|
|Apr 04, 2017 - 10:15||Efrat Gerchkovitz||to be announced||Seminar|
|Apr 04, 2017 - 11:30||Eva Llabres & Charlotte Sleight||Spinning (geodesic) Witten diagrams||Seminar|
|Apr 07, 2017 - 10:15||Ida Zadeh||to be announced||Seminar|
|Apr 07, 2017 - 11:30||Romuald Janik||Gluing and wrapping: from the Octagon to the SFT vertex||Seminar|
|Apr 19, 2017 - 11:00||Antal Jevicki||Solving the SYK Model||Seminar|
|Apr 20, 2017 - 11:00||Daniel Grumiller||Soft Heisenberg hair on AdS3||Seminar|
|Apr 20, 2017 - 14:30||George Jorjadze||SL(2,R) string in light-cone gauge||Seminar|
|Apr 21, 2017 - 11:00||Bo Sundbord||Profiles of stringy and higher spin black holes||Seminar|
|Apr 26, 2017 - 11:00||Sergey Frolov||Free field representation of the Zamolodchikov-Faddeev algebra and form factors of the SU(N) x SU(N) Principal Chiral Field model||Seminar|
|Apr 27, 2017 - 11:00||Cheng Peng||Vector models and generalized SYK models||Seminar|
|Apr 27, 2017 - 14:30||Joris Raeyemaekers||Multi-centered AdS3 solutions: from conformal blocks to W-branes||Seminar|
|Apr 28, 2017 - 14:00||Ben Hoare||3d kappa-Poincare R-matrix and scattering in 3 dimensions||Seminar|
|Apr 28, 2017 - 15:15||Marius de Leeuw||One-point functions in AdS/CFT||Seminar|
|May 08, 2017 - 11:00||Alexandre Belin||Universality of Sparse d>2 Conformal Field Theory at Large N||Seminar|
|May 09, 2017 - 11:00||Yunfeng Jiang||Integrable defects and entanglement entropy||Seminar|
|May 10, 2017 - 11:00||Sanjaye Ramgoolam||Combinatorics and geometry of primary fields in free four dimensional CFTs||Seminar|
|May 11, 2017 - 11:00||Danilo Diaz||On holographic Weyl anomalies and Rényi entropy coefficients||Seminar|
|May 12, 2017 - 11:00||Yuji Satoh||A world-sheet approach to T-folds||Seminar| | <urn:uuid:7db83ae5-490c-44a1-9b99-95e87a0b2298> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ggi.infn.it/showevent.pl?id=241 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.791878 | 1,584 | 1.703125 | 2 |
The use of bonded cellular for ENG has grown as available bandwidth has increased and compression quality improved. ViaSat's next-generation L-band terminals could provide an alternative to terrestrial cellular networks for operations in areas where 4G cellular connections are overloaded or unavailable. ViaSat has demonstrated 1 Mbps throughput over the LightSquared SkyTerra-1 satellite to its 8” x 5” by 2” terminal in fixed configurations and in mobile applications at speeds up to 65 mph. ViaSat achieved the 1 Mbps rate by efficiently balancing power and bandwidth over the LightSquared satellite.
Phil Berry, VP MSS at ViaSat said, "Receiving 1 Mbps with a mobile terminal this small pushes the boundaries of performance per cubic inch and creates an opportunity to address unserved and underserved mobile market segments. We’re designing our network waveform to adapt to the variable link conditions each terminal experiences as it operates in a mobile environment, to maximize data reception. This development is a testament to our team’s capability for innovation.”
Earlier this year ViaSat announced it had received over 3,000 advance orders for its next-generation Mobile Satellite Services (MSS) terminals. No information was provided on the cost of the service or its availability.
Doug Lung is one of America's foremost authorities on broadcast RF technology. He has been with NBC since 1985 and is currently vice president of broadcast technology for NBC/Telemundo stations.
Future US's leading brands bring the most important, up-to-date information right to your inbox
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There was a problem. Please refresh the page and try again. | <urn:uuid:de2b5991-2783-40be-b9d6-25f49b3551bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tvtechnology.com/opinions/viasat-delivers-1-mbps-throughput-nextgen-lband-terminals | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.945361 | 348 | 1.882813 | 2 |
"A book," wrote Edward P. Morgan,"is the
only place in which you can examine a fragile
thought without breaking it, or explore an
explosive idea without fear it will go off
in your face...
It is one of the few havens remaining where
a man's mind can get both provocation and privacy."
We thoroughly enjoy books. From them we can cull
the insights and wisdom of the literary giants of
Their authors auspiciously speak to us and frame
with eloquence the thoughts and feelings of our
own minds and hearts.
Through books, our worlds are expanded both
inwardly and outwardly. We are prompted to
progress and go forward. To feel for humanity
and to witness inhumanity and to dream of peace
and prosperity for all who travel with us on this
Books...fragile and explosive...keys that open doors
and set us free.
Today we shall read some portion of a book and
continue to grow. | <urn:uuid:4319bd67-7c21-497b-bf1b-b8a7c569ec4e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.morganofriverton.com/the-open-road/books | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.934312 | 216 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Schiebel’s CAMCOPTER S-100 UAS (unmanned aerial system) is being used by the Finnish Border Guard to carry out coast guard operations in the Baltic Sea, via a service operated by the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA).
The CAMCOPTER S-100 UAS is based at a coast guard station in Hanko, Finland, and supports the Coast Guard in operations such as maritime border surveillance, search and rescue, monitoring and surveillance, ship and port security, vessel traffic monitoring, environmental protection and response, ship casualty assistance, and accident and disaster response.
Information collected by the unmanned aircraft in the Baltic Sea area is shared in parallel with multiple EU member states, providing a common maritime picture and more comprehensive coordination. The UAS is equipped with an L3 Wescam Electro-Optical / Infra-Red (EO/IR) camera gimbal, an Overwatch Imaging PT-8 Oceanwatch, a Becker Avionics BD406 Emergency Beacon Locator and an Automatic Identification System (AIS) receiver.
This operation marks the third deployment of the UAS for the Finnish Border Guard. The CAMCOPTER S-100 UAS platform is also currently being deployed by EMSA for other maritime surveillance operations in Estonia and Romania.
Hans Georg Schiebel, Chairman of the Schiebel Group, commented: “Another great example of enhanced maritime surveillance and information sharing capabilities of our CAMCOPTER S-100. Since contract begin, we have conducted operations all over Europe and are proud to play such an important role in EMSA’s services for its member states.” | <urn:uuid:d85a5797-f59a-4b0d-8a4e-de9ad002aaa1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.unmannedsystemstechnology.com/2021/06/camcopter-s-100-uas-supports-coast-guard-operations-in-baltic-sea/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.912227 | 338 | 1.625 | 2 |
In this page, we describes about audiences, objective, prerequisites and the topics that are covered as part of tutorial.
Hive is a Hadoop based data warehousing infrastructure. Hive is a framework for data warehousing on top of Hadoop. Hive is designed to support the data summarization, querying and analysis of large volumes of data. Hive provides simple query language Hive QL for ad-hoc querying the large volumes of data.
In this tutorial, all the topics are covered with in-depth information and can understandable by anyone. Readers can be anyone who has a basic knowledge on Hadoop and java language.
The tutorial is intended for the Hadoop developers who are having minimum Hadoop and java knowledge.
Readers who are having Hadoop and Java knowledge in addition to computation background can understand the concepts a bit easily. Reader without having Java knowledge may need to go through the topic more than once to understand clearly. | <urn:uuid:a85d66a8-c5db-4971-b8a0-c040c300c3b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tutorialscampus.com/hive/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.925451 | 216 | 2.546875 | 3 |
He describes the advantages of forest life to be far greater then court life and the audience gets the feeling that life is far more easy going and relaxed in the country as opposed to the busy, eventful life they led in the court. The duke says ‘hath not old custom made this life more sweet. ’ But despite the romanticized nature of the duke’s description of forest life, it also has realistic references such as the ‘winter wind’ and the ‘poisonous toad’.
This passage also gives an insight into the duke’s character. The duke is able to look at the benefits of forest life after having lived in court and having been so unjustly exiled from it. This shows great patience, wisdom, and resilience on his part. His sensitivity towards those around him is highlighted when he says it distresses him that they hunt venison it its own land. The first lord then goes on to introduce Jacques despite his absence on stage.
He recalls Jacques’s exaggerated and dramatic response to the dying deer and how he begins to moralize the abandonment of the deer by its herd. This over-dramatic nature of pastoral life is used as comic relief to balance out the drama that took place in court life, and to an extent its innocence which is shown by the fact that the great tragedies taking place in the forest is dying venison. This in turn highlights the more evil and tragic nature of court life where you have scheming and murderous brothers.
On a larger scale, this scene also presents a contrast between the two brother duke Frederick, and duke senior. In act 1 duke Frederick is shown as a self-involved, paranoid, and power-obsessed character who lacks the generosity, forgiveness, and wisdom that his elder brother, duke senior possess. This scene in general provides an insight into duke senior’s character and presents a contrast between pastoral and court life while providing the audience with a break from the courts vices. | <urn:uuid:da4165ac-1d24-40bd-91c8-f1fd3e69be40> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://runawayfishingcharters.com/essay/as-you-like-it-act-two-scene-1-190065 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.961859 | 416 | 3.203125 | 3 |
The gray wolf (Canis lupus) is hunted in several western states. Photo courtesy U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, photo by Gary Kramer.
The Obama administration is taking heat over a decision to allow the use of helicopters in the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness.
Attorneys representing a coalition of environmental advocacy organizations filed a lawsuit in federal court in Boise, arguing that the plan violates the Wilderness Act and the National Environmental Policy Act.
It is the second time the agency has become enmeshed in controversy over the issue of helicopter use by the state of Idaho. The earlier go-round involved the state of Idaho’s effort to support the federal government’s re-introduction of gray wolves to the wilderness area. U.S. district judge B. Lynn Winmill ruled in a Feb. 2010 decision that the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service could permit the state’s Fish and Game Department to carry out helicopter monitoring of the wolves, but also made clear that its permission indicated a rare exception to the Wilderness Act’s general prohibition of machinery in protected reserves.
This time, the Forest Service has granted a permit to the Idaho Department of Fish & Game so that it can tag elk within the wilderness area. A Jan. 6 notice by the Forest Service said that IDFG would be allowed to make as many as 120 helicopter landings inside the preserve.
The state agency wants to tag the elk as part of its obligation to facilitate hunting.
“Our goal is to manage those [elk] populations in a way that there will be a surplus for hunting and to reduce impacts and instances where, perhaps, predation by wolves, bears, or mountain lions may also be impacting that potential surplus,” Michael Keckler, a spokesperson for IDFG, explained.
IDFG has said that it wants to kill sixty percent of the wolves in the Frank Church-River of No Return wilderness.
The Idaho fish and wildlife agency argued in a 2014 document that the number of elk in the 1.7 million-acre Middle Fork Zone of the wilderness area declined by more than 40 percent between 2002 and 2011. “It’s been five years since we were in there and really been able to see what’s going on,” Keckler said. “We’re pretty sure those declines have continued.”
IDFG has indicated that it believes predation is a major cause of elk population declines in the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness. “Based on population modeling, the MFZ elk population is expected to continue to decline at [three] to [seven percent] annually if predation rates are not reduced,” the agency said in its Predation Management Plan for the Middle Fork Elk Zone. The IDFG plan also specifically blamed wolves for a significant portion of the decline.
Opponents of the state fish and wildlife agency’s plan disagree that predators are the culprit for any decline in the number of elk inhabiting the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness.
“I think, historically, elk populations, they weren’t that high in these areas,” Ken Cole, a biologist with Western Watersheds Project, said. “It’s not what you would consider high quality elk habitat. It was more of a bighorn sheep-mule deer habitat. The reason that elk populations got so high in the 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s, and early 90s is because they eradicated the wolf population and the grizzly population. You would expect the population of elk to decline once the native predators were reestablished.”
The Wilderness Act, which was enacted into law in 1964, includes broad language indicating that helicopters are, for the most part, forbidden in wilderness areas. Section 4(c) of the Wilderness Act provides:
“Except as specifically provided for in this Act, and subject to existing private rights, there shall be no commercial enterprise and no permanent road within any wilderness area designated by this Act and except as necessary to meet minimum requirements for the administration of the area for the purpose of this Act (including measures required in emergencies involving the health and safety of persons within the area), there shall be no temporary road, no use of motor vehicles, motorized equipment or motorboats, no landing of aircraft, no other form of mechanical transport, and no structure or installation within any such area.”
Federal courts have interpreted the phrase “administration of the area” to authorize only those activities that advance a protected preserve’s “wilderness character.”
Winmill’s 2010 decision in Wolf Recovery Foundation v. U.S. Forest Service indicates that he may be skeptical of the Forest Service’s effort to extend helicopter use beyond monitoring of wolves to monitoring of wolf prey. “[H]elicopter use in a wilderness area is antithetical to a wilderness experience, and that the approval of the single project at issue [in that case] — based on unique facts — is unlikely to be repeated,” he wrote in her opinion.
A USDA Forest Service regional forester in Arizona reached a similar conclusion last year.
Salmon-Challis National Forest supervisor Chuck Mark authorized the IDFG plan without requiring USDA Forest Service personnel to complete an environmental impact statement. He wrote in a Jan. 6 Record of Decision that the agency’s authorization of helicopter landings is “very restrictive” and that the aircraft will be permitted to land only in a “mere fraction” of the Middle Fork Zone. Mark did not specify the exact amount of the wilderness area’s acreage that would be directly impacted by helicopter landings or by helicopter flights overhead.
“The map that we’ve seen shows it to be a fairly significant area,” Cole said. “I’d say probably 20 to 30 percent of it.”
The landings would occur on one or more of USDA Forest Service’s eight airstrips within the wilderness area.
According to an editorial column published by Mark in the Jan. 7 edition of the Idaho Statesman, IDFG plans to land helicopters in the Middle Fork Zone on five days between mid-January and March 31.
The Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness encompasses more than 2.3 million acres and is the largest forested designated wilderness area in the country. During 2014 observers noted the presence of 119 wolf packs in Idaho. IDFG thinks the wolf population might be a little lower than that.
“Last year we documented 104 packs within the state,” Keckler said.
About eight of those packs are resident to the Middle Fork Zone of the wilderness area.
Wolves in the northern Rockies were protected by the Endangered Species Act from 1973 until April 2011, when President Barack Obama signed a budget bill that included a rider that forced the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service to remove Canis lupus in Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah, and Washington from the list of threatened and endangered species.
The plaintiffs in the Idaho case include Friends of the Clearwater, Western Watersheds Project, and Wilderness Watch. They seek an injunction to prevent the helicopter landings from going forward.
Winmill has been assigned to hear the case for the Idaho federal court, Cole said. | <urn:uuid:0a3684e2-4029-4f75-8b8a-db90b2e8cd78> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://naturalresourcestoday.wordpress.com/tag/wilderness/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.942857 | 1,535 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Source/Contribution by : NJ Publications
India is a blessed land where gurus have preached the path of self-realisation and enlightenment for aeons. Lord Budhha, the revered founder of Buddhism, is one such name from ancient India who spent nearly 45 years spreading his teachings. These teachings are timeless and are as relevant today as they have ever been.
Interestingly, the lessons of living and life, are even relevant to investors. Beyond the world of financial jargon, technicalities, strategies and plans, there exists a world full of rich spiritual wisdom which can be applied to the investing world. In this article, we look at some of the Buddha’s words as guiding lights on investment matters.
- “A jug fills drop by drop.” Small, regular and consistent investments go a long way in building wealth.
- “The trouble is, you think you have time.” The smart investors do not procrastinate and always act with a sense of urgency.
- “The person who masters himself through self-control and discipline is truly undefeatable.” Truly, a dedicated person with control on his spendings and discipline to follow his investment plans can overcome any financial challenges.
- “If you are facing in the right direction, all you need to do is keep on walking.” Having the right financial plan or investment strategy is the most important, all that remains after that is following it diligently.
- “Do not dwell in the past, do not dream of the future, concentrate the mind on the present moment.” Any financial decision has to be based on your present scenario, not past event or future predictions.
- “The root of suffering is attachment.” The biggest of the losses to investors come from their own biases and opinions, leading to irrational decisions, based on emotions.
- “Believe nothing, no matter where you read it, or who said it, no matter if I have said it, unless it agrees with your own reason and your own common sense.” The investor should always follow his own plans and not be affected by market noise, herd behaviour, avoid FOMO (fear of missing out) or what others say unless there is sound reasoning for the same.
- “What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us.” Clearly, our potential to build our financial well-being is much more than probably what we have achieved or what we think we can achieve.
- “Work out your own salvation. Do not depend on others.” Clearly, one has to avoid debt and be financially independent. One should strive for his own financial well-being and not expect others will take care of you, even your children, especially in old age.
- “An idea that is developed and put into action is more important than an idea that exists only as an idea.” No virtual plans or strategies or dreams hold any value till the time action is initiated for the same. Working towards your plans and having timely execution is the key.
- “What you think, you become. What you feel, you attract. What you imagine, you create.” Before actions, come thoughts, ideas and imagination. Having the right kind of thinking and the right set of people you interact with will also impact your actions and ultimately your success.
- “There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work and learning from failure.” The quality of your plans, your knowledge, your learnings from your past experiences and actions that you take would help determine your success.
- “It is better to travel well than to arrive.” The financial well-being is not a destination but a journey to be enjoyed. Even if one achieves a targetted amount of wealth, that is not the end of it as one has to manage the same.
- “To conquer oneself is a greater task than conquering others.” There is no standard for success and one can only be seen as a success or failure according to his own expectations. We should all aim for our own personal level of success and happiness rather than compare the targets which others have set for themselves.
- “Health is the greatest gift, contentment the greatest wealth, faithfulness the best relationship.” Any amount of absolute wealth may not add anything to your happiness. One who lives within his means and is content is wealthy. True happiness can come when you are healthy and you share your life’s journey with people whom you trust.
The title Budhha, meaning ‘Awakened One’ or the ‘Enlightened One’, was bestowed on Gautama as he taught from his insights into ‘dukhha’ (suffering) and the end of same, by achieving a state of ‘nirvana’. Buddha, in turn, is derived from the words “buddhi” which literally means ‘intellect’, ‘intelligence’ or ‘wisdom’. It would be wise as investors if we also learn from this wisdom and apply them to in our lives as we walk the small path of our own financial independence or nirvana. | <urn:uuid:2ed70855-f1de-45bd-9976-0756d4927096> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pinnaclecapital.in/74-articles-to-read/investment/11512-quotes-by-lord-buddha-every-investor-should-remember | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.964409 | 1,120 | 2.4375 | 2 |
During the Queensland state election, energy has not been such a large issue, as it has in previous elections. The focus in this election was on the marginal seats outside Brisbane, mainly around regional projects in areas such as, Central Queensland and Townsville. The CopperString projects became a prominent discussion topic.
Following the retirement of the energy minister, Hon Dr Anthony Lynham MP, Queensand is in for a new energy minister.
Yesterday, Annastacia Palaszczuk announced a Queensland Cabinet reshuffle. Mick de Brenni will now take up the responsibility of energy, as the Minister for Energy, Renewables and Hydrogen and Minister for Public Works and Procurement. Currently Mick is the Minister for Housing and Public Works as well as Minister for Digital Technology and Minister for Sport.
The new Minister will be tasked with the COVID-19 economic recovery, so it makes sense that energy and public works are in the same portfolio.
Prior to the election the LNP was looking at splitting up Stanwell, CS Energy and CleanCo but, now it looks like the government owned corporation will remain intact with the relaxation of mandates with Stanwell and CS Energy now able to join CleanCo in developing renewable projects then it make economic sense.
The ALP remains committed to 50% renewables by 2030 and has already committed $500 million to its renewable energy plan. Its COVID-19 economic recovery plan added $145 million of support for the development of three renewable energy zones in north, central and south-west Queensland.
Labor is also committed to the implementation of carbon capture and storage (CCS) for existing coal fired power stations and will not approve new fossil fueled power stations without deploying full CCS.
The ALP is looking at public-private partnerships through its government owned corporations to assist in the public investment in large scale storage such as the Kidston pump storage hydro plant in North West Queensland.
The Hydrogen industry development fund has been topped up with an additional $10M on top of the $15M added to the fund in 2019. An extra $30M has been pledged for an energy efficiency project in hospitals and health facilities.
As Townsville was a fiercely contested seat during the election, it has resulted in the CopperString transmission project gaining support from both sides of politics. The ALP is likely to assist with more than $10M. Townsville may also be in for a Battery manufacturing plant with a feasibility study being kicked off. | <urn:uuid:557e7104-99ec-4e49-918f-0013063d839e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://edgeutilities.com.au/queensland-election-changes-in-power/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.970572 | 497 | 1.617188 | 2 |
As far as mistakes go, Twitter's notorious two-factor authentication boondoggle could end being a costly one.
Buried deep inside the company's Monday 10Q filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission is a note that the social media giant might end up on the receiving end of up to $250 million in fines. At issue was Twitter "inadvertently" (it swears) using users' phone numbers for advertising from 2013 to 2019 — numbers that were only provided for security purposes. The Federal Trade Commission apparently didn't take kindly to that, and sent a draft complaint Twitter's way on July 28.
For those blessed to not remember every single Twitter privacy scandal, it's worth a reminder just how problematic the 2019 revelation that Twitter matched some users to advertisers' marketing lists based on their 2FA numbers actually was.
Specifically, privacy experts noted that using phone numbers volunteered for security reasons for advertising represents a fundamental betrayal of trust. And that betrayal comes with real consequences.
"Twitter 'unintentionally' used the information it got from you to secure your account in order to make money," Eva Galperin, the EFF's director of cybersecurity, wrote at the time. "This kind of behavior undermines people's willingness to use 2FA and makes them less secure in the long run."
It also, according to Twitter's Monday filing, might just so happen to violate the company's 2011 FTC consent order.
"In March 2011, to resolve an investigation into various incidents, we entered into a consent order with the FTC that, among other things, required us to establish an information security program designed to protect non-public consumer information and also requires that we obtain biennial independent security assessments," reads the 10Q filing. "[On] July 28, 2020, we received a draft complaint from the FTC alleging violations of the 2011 consent order with the FTC and the FTC Act."
SEE ALSO: Not even Jack Dorsey can figure out how to use Periscope
Twitter says the matter "remains unresolved," and estimates the "probable loss in this matter is $150.0 million to $250.0 million."
Whether such a fine would be enough to prevent similar privacy mistakes in the future is anyone's guess, but it would at least be a start. | <urn:uuid:5be8094f-dbb5-4420-b58e-1adcb2dd9526> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mashable.com/article/twitter-ftc-investigation-fines-250-million-2fa-advertising | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.958516 | 463 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Maintaining your gardening equipment is as important as taking care of the garden itself. You need to learn how to clean your gardening tools properly so that they will not fail when you need them the most. Moreover, clean tools will ensure that your plants do not get contaminated.
So, let’s find out how to clean gardening tools effectively! But before that, let’s learn the importance of hygiene in gardening!
Why is it important to clean your garden tools?
It is important to clean your gardening tools because they come directly in contact with your plants. You do not want any type of contagion latching on your equipment when you use it on your beloved plants.
The way contamination can happen varies depending on the type of the tools.
Sensitive tools like gardening scissors and knives are very prone to contamination. If fungus or germ contaminates the blades, the next time you use them, your plant may get infected. Open wounds on plants can easily cause rots.
Moreover, unclean gardening tools may spread the contamination, infecting other healthy plants. For example, you are taking care of a sick plant with your gardening knife.
If you are using the same knife on a healthy plant without disinfecting it, the disease will spread.
It can even be devastating if you are working with seedlings. The fragile little plant babies will not stand a chance.
Grafting is another example of a case that needs sterile equipment. When you are opening a wound on the branch of your tree for grafting, you have to be absolutely sure that your blade is clean.
We guarantee that the chance of failure will be high if you use a dirty knife. Rot may develop, and no new roots will survive. Or even worse, the decay may spread onto the whole tree, killing it.
Those are the reasons why you must know how to clean gardening tools properly!
How to clean rust from gardening tools
If your gardening tools are rusting, then you have done something wrong. You should not have let your tools get rusty in the first place. Not knowing how to clean gardening tools properly definitely will make them rusty.
Do not expose your tools to moisture for a prolonged duration. Otherwise, it will oxidize the metal on your blades or spades. After washing your tools with water, make sure to dry them thoroughly.
However, if your tools are already rusty, you need to clean the impurity as soon as possible. Depending on the type of material used for the tools, you can use various chemical compounds to clean rust.
For instance, you can use vinegar and water mix with a fifty-fifty composition. You can also use baking soda paste as an abrasive agent to remove deeper rust.
And finally, use potatoes! Yes, there is a chemical compound inside a potato that can help you remove oxidation. Just mix it with dish soap, and you are good to go. It is one of the most unique ways to clean your gardening tools!
Read more about this : How to Remove Rust From Gardening Tools in a Simple Way
Best way to disinfect garden tools
Alcohol is the best disinfectant for your gardening tools. It will kill 99.99% of germs and fungus that have latched on your equipment.
However, before you apply alcohol, you must thoroughly wash your tools. Make sure that it is free of mud, resin, and other pollutants. Use dish soap or detergent for tools such as spades and buckets to disinfect them.
For how to clean gardening tools made out of heavy metals, you need to treat them differently. You need to use strong chemicals like bleach or chlorine.
Dry them before you put them inside storage. Avoid humid places because you do not want your equipment to get rusty.
For bladed tools, alcohol will be a good way to sterilize them. You can use regular rubbing alcohol or liquid alcohol to do it.
Bladed tools are especially susceptible to contamination because you use them to cut your plants. So, sterilizing your scissors and knives is imperative!
Alcohol is good for cleaning your metal blades because the liquid will evaporate quickly. It won’t leave any wet mess, and it will not attract rust like water. And that is how to clean gardening tools with alcohol!
In extreme cases, for example, when you need to perform grafting, you can use hot boiling water to sterilize the knife before you make the cut.
In conclusion, knowing how to clean your gardening tools is part of gardening itself. If you are new to gardening, you must pay attention to hygiene. Do not let dirty tools kill your plants because of your carelessness!
Do not forget to also read our article about brussels sprouts planting guide for extra gardening wisdom! | <urn:uuid:1a145e87-71aa-44e2-bd6d-642ca7ab0132> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nuridurr.com/how-to-clean-gardening-tools/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.92317 | 981 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Transformation through Education
We strongly believe that every child should have the opportunity to survive and thrive in education. The children in these nations face tremendous barriers that not only include extreme poverty, but the existing schools have 100 students to 1 teacher ratio, limited resources, and lack safe water and transportation.
In addition, early marriage is prevalent resulting in females having less access to education. The lack of access to safe water in schools increases the potential for disease, some children must choose fetching water over education, all of these factors derail children’s education and is demoralizing.
Addressing the Educational Needs
To address the need, Favor International opened a primary school in 2008 that serves over 400 students. We maintain a 30:1 student to teacher ratio. Along with their studies the students are also instructed in the bible and Christian living. Our school has been recognized for students’ outstanding academic achievement by the Educational District. Although we take great pride in what has been accomplished, it is only a dent and we are continually striving to expand our educational program.
Uganda has the world’s youngest population- 78% are below the age of 30 and has one of the highest youth unemployment. The median age of the population in Uganda is 15.8 years. Our approach is to increase access to quality education by expanding and building new facilities including secondary schools. We also partner with the community organizations and parents to galvanize better educational opportunities.
But, our efforts are not focused on the youth only. We have literacy programs attached to our Portable Bible Schools for adults. Many are motivated to read the bible, which is now used as one of our main text to teach reading skills. Because literacy becomes a key factor in alleviating poverty, it has become such a natural focus as we continue to share the Gospel. | <urn:uuid:e14e70f2-a29a-4d15-8b89-bc4b0f31bed2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.favorintl.org/what-we-do/education-discipleship/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.97102 | 367 | 2.5 | 2 |
The German Economy: Strong Economic Activity in Germany and in the World
At the beginning of 2017, the global economy appears rather strong. Business sentiment has risen in many places, and both industrial production and world trade increased at the end of last year. In the U.S. as well as in the euro area, domestic demand further strengthened at the end of 2016.
Since spring 2013, the German economy has been in a long-lasting upswing. Oliver Holtemoeller, Head of the Department Macroeconomics and IWH vice president, expects it to continue. Domestic demand and in particular private consumption are strong, due to the favourable labour market situation. Construction activities of private households will continue to expand, as will those of the local authorities, not least because tax revenues are high. “However, the growth rate of gross domestic product will be 1.6% this year and thus slightly lower than in 2016, due to the lower number of working days. Growth is expected to reach 1.8% in 2018”, Holtemoeller says. At 1.7% both in this year and in the next, the rise in consumer prices will be moderate, though stronger than in the previous three years. Unemployment will decline a bit further. Public budgets continue to generate substantial surpluses, also in cyclically-adjusted terms. The East German economy is, as in the previous year, expected to grow faster than Germany as a whole by two tenths of a percentage point.
Risks to the German economy mainly come from the international political environment.
Whom to contact
IWH list of experts
The IWH list of experts provides an overview of IWH research topics and the researchers and scientists in these areas. The relevant experts for the topics listed there can be reached for questions as usual through the IWH Press Office. | <urn:uuid:974b7c97-a107-4557-8722-fa291e20cdb4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.iwh-halle.de/en/press/press-releases/detail/the-german-economy-strong-economic-activity-in-germany-and-in-the-world/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.958491 | 373 | 2.046875 | 2 |
An extraordinary situation has emerged in Australia where community members from Biloela, a small town in regional Queensland, have come out fighting for four of their own — an Eelam Tamil family whose father and mother arrived by boat in 2012 and 2013 as asylum seekers, and their two children, both born in Biloela.
The family had been locked in a Melbourne immigration detention centre for 18 months, thousands of miles away from Biloela, while they appealed the government’s decisions to refuse their asylum applications, but since 31 Aug 2019, they have been detained on Christmas Island, a remote Australian territory close to Indonesia.
Australian Senator Nick McKim exposed the government had spent $30 million dollars to keep the detention centre open on the island for only two months. On top of the $26.8m spent running the centre, the family’s detention and legal costs have so far cost more than $4.5m, according to the department of home affairs. Their next court hearings are scheduled for 21 and 25th of February 2020.
The only occupants of the detention centre were this family until recently. In a new development on 28 January 2020 the Australian Government announced it would send Australian citizens from Wuhan, China who may have the coronavirus to the same immigration detention centre for quarantine.
The UN Human Rights Committee had earlier instructed the Australian Government to remove the family from detention by 1 Nov 2019, in recognition of the long-term harm caused by detention to the family and children. As an signatory to the Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, Australia has a legal obligation to follow the Committee’s interim measures. However the Australian government has refused to comply.
The Biloela community’s appeal to allow the family stay has won wide support across Australia and the campaign reached a new level of public sympathy when distressing footage emerged of the attempted deportation of the family on the 29th of Aug 2019, halted by a last minute court injunction:
Following the court’s order, rather than returning the family Melbourne, from Darwin where they had been taken, the family was put on a chartered Sky Traders jet and sent to Christmas Island. The government has justified the detention of the family on the island, in part, for their own “safety” to protect them from supporters who may try to stop their deportation.
On 18 Sep 2019, the Federal Court of Australia ruled that the youngest daughter had a prime facie case that should be heard at full hearing.
For the moment they family are surrounded by Serco guards and the Australian Border Force whom are keeping them under constant surveillance with body cameras. (A report last year by the Australian Human Rights Commission on the use of force in immigration detention has called for a public inquiry and recommended compensation be paid in multiple cases of abuse.)
The family had previously been living in detention in Melbourne for around 18 months after being bundled into vans from Biloela in a dawn raid and transported thousands of kilometers from their home. The removal happened despite the fact, Priya and her daughter still had legal avenues open to challenge their negative asylum finding. On this basis, the courts stop three attempts to deport the family in the last 18 months. Rather than allowing the family to return to Biloela while their legal appeals were heard, the government held them in detention, in damaging conditions for the children’s physical and mental development according to medical reports.
What justifies such cruel policies? Home Affairs Minister Peter Dutton who holds the portfolio of border security in an opinion piece (1 Sept 2019) made a range of justifications.
One was this punishment of the family was about stopping the boats and therefore saving lives at sea. The film Stop the Boats – the lie of saving lives at sea exposed this very falsehood. See at 25 min version below:
(Read more about our campaign to resettle the Andika refugees featured in this film here)
Tamils “have been accepted back by a democratically elected inclusive Government“
Home Affairs Minister Peter Dutton also made the claim that it was safe for the Eelam Tamils to return: “The civil war in Sri Lanka is now over and Tamils from around the world have returned to their country and have been accepted back by a democratically elected inclusive Government.”
The appointment of Shavendra Silva, the commander of the 58th division of the army in 2009, to chief of the army last year was an example that the abusers of the Tamils have remained continuously in power, even after the so-called “regime change” in 2015. However the facade of ‘regime change’ has collapsed with the election of Gotabaya Rajapaksa, former defence secretary, as President late last year.
The character of the Sri Lankan state and its armed forces that the Tamils are so fearful of was graphically revealed in the Permanent Peoples’ Tribunal on Sri Lanka in 2010 at the Dublin session and in 2013 at the Bremen session. Some of the evidence of the conduct of Gotabaya’s army and Shavendra Silva’s 58 division in 2009, is presented below (the content on all of these video’s are of a disturbing nature):
Foreign policy a determining factor for Australian refugee policy
In recent years the Australian government has taken an extraordinary series of measures to stop Tamil asylum seekers reaching its shores, stopping them, punishing them and denying their claims.
When Tamil asylum seekers first arriving in large numbers in Australia, after 2009, over 90% were found to be refugees. But in 2010 Australia announced it was suspending processing asylum applications from Sri Lanka (and Afghanistan), it also began detaining Tamil asylum seekers who had been found to be refugees under secret intelligence assessments as security threats, thereby nullifying their refugee claims (all of these security assessments would subsequently be overturned, but the refugee status of these persons was not). In 2012 the government would institute the ‘enhanced screening’ process, applying only to Sri Lanka arrivals, sending many Tamils back directly into the hands of the Sri Lankan government without their claims being heard. In 2013 the Australian Foreign Minister said too many asylum seekers were being granted protection calling them ‘economic migrants’:
INTERVIEWER: Do some mathematics here. If they’re economic migrants, why do nine out of 10 of them pretty much get accepted as genuine refugees? Are you saying we’ve got that wrong?
AUSTRALIAN FORIEGN MINISTER: Yeah, we’ve reached the view that as a result of court and tribunal decisions, it’s coming up wrong. We need a tougher, more hard-edged assessment.
Since then, Tamil asylum seekers have gone from a 90% approval rate, to 40% approval rate under the new Fast Track System, where 90% of Tamil claims are rejected by the Immigration Assessment Authority on review.
All these measures occurred with no acknowledgement that the Australian government itself was one of a coalition of nations that created the conditions for Tamils to want to flee the island by torpedoing the peace process between the Government of Sri Lanka and LTTE which formally began in 2002. The Tamil analyst Sivaram’s analysis helps one understand why Australia supported its allies the USA and UK with the war against the Tamils (Sivaram would be killed by pro-government death squads not long after this video was made): | <urn:uuid:8fb17ee2-0992-45d4-b54a-f3622fd2806e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://humanrights.de/4121 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.971825 | 1,522 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Learn about Pekingese Pet Insurance
The Pekingese is a royal dog, bred as a cherished companion. Canines in this breed have a distinctive rolling gait and they are developed for ancient China’s ruling classes. The Pekingese is known for its sophistication but the breed also has unreserved loyalty. The dogs stand 6 to 9 inches and weigh about 14 pounds and are compact and stocky toy dogs.
The breed is nicknamed “Peke”; they are charming and confident with a long coat at the shoulders and neck. The dogs are always alert and make good watchdogs. The Chinese believe that Buddha struck a lion down to dog size to create the Pekingese. But many historians believe that Chinese emperors and their courtiers created the Peke by breeder down a larger dog to toy size. The Pekingese is such an old breed that its origin is not known.
Pet owners who own dogs of this wonderful breed have a lot of obligations towards them. You are expected to take care of your dogs and provide for all his needs and one way to do that is by taking out Pekingese pet insurance. With the right pet insurance, you will be able to cover the cost of medical emergencies, accidents, illnesses, hospitalization, diagnostic tests, emergency care, etc.
Before taking out Pekingese pet insurance, it is required of pet owners to carefully research the insurance coverage and the insurer to make sure that they are getting the best coverage for their pet. No two pet insurance providers offer exactly the same services and products. Even for those offering similar products, the costs may be different. So, you need to compare policy options and shop around before taking out Pekingese pet insurance.
To get a quote for Pekingese pet insurance, click here. | <urn:uuid:d38b76a7-4084-4edc-8494-be2a01d7ffb5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.insurdinary.ca/insurance/pet/pekingese-pet-insurance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.963687 | 368 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Dr. Uzi Rubin is the Bhishma Pitamah of the Israeli Air Defense Business
The Iron Dome and many other Israeli missile protection methods these kinds of as Arrow are deeply indebted to Dr. Uzi Rubin. Rubin served as the first head of Israel’s Ballistic Missile Defense Corporation from 1991 to 1999. This was also the time when Israel modernized its air defenses as missile threats enhanced. Rubin was born in 1937. He is an Israeli defense engineer and analyst. Rubin is viewed as just one of the distinguished analysts of missile devices in the Middle East. Uzi Rubin has been included in Israel’s armed service exploration, advancement and engineering systems for virtually forty decades. In recognition of his contribution to the defense sector, he was awarded the Israel Defense Prize in 1996. He also offers his services at the Jerusalem Institute for System and Security. Viewing Rubin’s perform, Israel has supplied him VIP safety.
Iraqi missile assault informed Israel the value of air defense
The initial Iraq War broke out concerning 1990 and 1991. During this, Iraq fired 42 Scud missiles at Israel from January 17-23 February 1991. Some of them hit their goal precisely, but this created very clear the reality of a missile threat to Israel. This was the rationale why Israel centered its total notice on modernizing the missile protection process. For this, the then Israeli federal government gave Dr. Uzi Rubin a complete free of charge hand to operate by making him the head of the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization. At that time Israel had the American Patriot missile defense procedure, but it did not turn out to be as efficient. Iraqi missiles on lots of bases in Israel blew the government’s snooze. This assault shook The usa as well. Just after this assault, The united states also begun working to make its Patriot technique a lot more helpful.
Why Israel necessary an air protection system
Israel is mostly threatened by Syria and Iran, as perfectly as the terrorist companies Hamas and Islamic Jihad. The two these terrorist organizations are active in the Gaza Strip and the West Financial institution. On the other hand, Hezbollah has also turn out to be a significant headache for Israel. This terrorist firm usually carries out missile and drone assaults on Israel from Lebanon and Syria. In this sort of a predicament, the menace of an all-out assault on Israel continues to be. To counter these threats, Israel positioned a lot more emphasis on air protection methods.
Israel produced this air defense process less than Rubin’s management
Rubin led many tasks developing missile protection techniques in Israel. Simply because of this Israel developed superpowerful very long-assortment interceptor programs these types of as the Iron Dome, David’s Sling, Arrow, Arrow 2, Arrow 3 and now Arrow 4. Now these devices continue being the foundation of Israel’s existence. If Israel’s Bass did not have this sort of weapons, it would have to go via an existential disaster now. Rubin, who is now 85 many years outdated, is operating as an advisor to Israel’s protection corporations. He is also lively as an analyst at the Start-Saadat Middle for Strategic Scientific tests. He also often writes and lectures thoroughly on regional and worldwide threats. | <urn:uuid:76c71355-6fbc-4cb0-94a0-e98ea121d991> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wholepost.com/israel-air-defense-iron-dome-davids-sling-and-arrow-how-a-lot-do-you-know-the-bhishma-pitamah-of-the-israeli-air-defense-procedure-uzi-rubin-what-do-you-know-about-father-of-the-israeli-ai/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.962563 | 659 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Exactly what Wiring Diagram?
A wiring diagram is an easy visual representation of the physical connections and physical layout of the electrical system or circuit. It shows how the electric wires are connected with each other and can also demonstrate where fixtures plus parts may end up being linked to the system.
When and the way to Make use of a Wiring Diagram Use wiring diagrams to assist inside building or manufacturing the circuit or perhaps electronic device. They are also useful for making repairs.
Briggs And Stratton Wiring Diagram 14Hp
DIY enthusiasts use cabling diagrams but they usually are also common inside home building plus auto repair. For example, a residence builder will would like to confirm the physical location associated with electrical outlets and light fixtures utilizing a wiring diagram to be able to avoid costly errors and building program code violations.
How to Draw a Routine Plan SmartDraw arrives with pre-made wiring diagram templates. Customize hundreds of power symbols and swiftly drop them with your wiring diagram. Specific control handles close to each symbol let you quickly resize or rotate them as required.
To draw the wire, simply click on within the Draw Outlines option on the left hand part of the pulling area. If you right click over a line, you may replace the line's colour or thickness plus add or remove arrowheads as required. Move a symbol on to the line and it will put in itself and snap into place. When connected, it will remain linked even if you move the wire.
If an individual need additional icons, click the arrow close to the visible catalogue to bring upward a fall menu and select More. You'll be capable to search for additional symbols in addition to open any appropriate libraries.
Click on Set Line Hops in the SmartPanel to show or perhaps hide line hops at crossover details. You may also change typically the size and form of your collection hops. Select Show Dimensions to demonstrate the size of your cables or size associated with your component.
How is a Cabling Diagram Different from a Schematic?
The schematic shows typically the plan and function regarding an electrical circuit, but is not necessarily concerned with typically the physical layout of the wires. Wiring diagrams show how the wires are linked and where they will should situated in the specific device, as well as the bodily connections between all the components.
How is a Wiring Plan Different from a Pictorial Diagram? As opposed to a pictorial plan, a wiring picture uses abstract or even simplified shapes and lines to demonstrate components. Pictorial diagrams usually are often photographs along with labels or highly-detailed drawings of typically the physical components.
Regular Wiring Diagram Emblems If the line pressing another line has a black us dot, it means the particular lines are connected. When unconnected lines are proven traversing, you'll see the line hop. | <urn:uuid:f3663133-b2ab-49f7-959e-648555244be2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wiring.coloring.best/briggs-and-stratton-wiring-diagram-14hp-free-download/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.909176 | 578 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Office of Experiential Learning
Connecting Bauer to Business through GENB 3302
Ever wonder what your employers want you to learn in business school?
GENB 3302: Connecting Bauer to Business is designed in collaboration with employers and prepares students to enter the world of business, create their career paths and set professional goals. Students have the unique opportunity to meet business leaders from various business field and discuss their career paths and industries.
All students in the class also participate in case competitions or in projects sponsored by corporations and non-profits on a variety of issues. This fast-paced, multi-dimensional, mandatory introductory course helps students find their niche in the business world while networking with potential employers.
Personal Financial Planning starts in the community
Want a career in the financial services industry?
Students pursuing the Personal Financial Planning Track incorporate and share their track learnings through leading financial literacy workshops in the community. This course allows students to begin their career of choice before graduation educating high school students on ways to minimize debt, grow their savings and increase their financial strength.
Finance majors who complete the track will have met the CFP Board of Standards Education Requirement for CFP Certification.
Experience the #1 ranked entrepreneurship program
What you learn in the classroom through the Wolff Center for Entrepreneurship is only the beginning.
Bauer's Entrepreneurship Program is ranked #1 in the country, in large part because of how experiential the program is. BBA students in the Wolff Center for Entrepreneurship manage product launches, have team competitions running short-term businesses at WolffFest, and compete in national business plan competitions, among other things.
In addition, every Entrepreneurship major at Bauer is partnered with successful entrepreneurs as mentors throughout their time at Bauer.
Program teaches art, science behind selling
The Program for Excellence in Selling (PES) is a nationally recognized sales program that prepares students for a career in selling, facilitates internships and provides career placement for program graduates.
While housed in the C. T. Bauer School of Business's Stephen Stagner Sales Excellence Institute, the program is not limited to business major students only. Open to all majors, this program teaches students the invaluable art of identifying the needs of others and communicating potential solutions to meet those needs.
Because they participate in national sales competitions, and get hands-on experience with live selling across the various courses in the Sales Minor, PES graduates typically graduate with multiple job offers.
Visit the official website of the Stephen Stagner Sales Excellence Institute for more information on PES and how to apply.
With technology, solve real-world problems for non-profits
The MIS 4374 course allows students to solve real-world, technical problems for real non-profits in the Houston area.
Students participating in this program have positively impacted hundreds of organizations over the years by helping them solve technical problems they otherwise would not have the resources to address, while also building skills to make the students more marketable to potential employers.
Engage Yourself in Houston's Entrepreneurial Community
“Each assignment takes me out of my comfort zone of imagination, and on to a plane of practicality. This is better than any internship because you have a stellar support system and more encouragement than I imagine even the best of interns could expect.”
Sharlicia McEachnie, Bachelor’s of Finance, 2019
Real World Experience. Real World Impact.
Undergraduate business students provide consultancy to under-resourced, Houston-based entrepreneurs, allowing them to synthesize their business knowledge in a meaningful contextual setting.
During the first semester (BUSI 4334/FINA 4397), business students apply the full spectrum of business ideas to new or existing ventures, providing them with solid foundation for growth. This valuable experience provides the students with the big picture of how a business can be run and the entrepreneurs with the institutional knowledge to see their dreams come true.
The second semester (BUSI 4397/FINA 4397) allows students who were successful consultants to become project leaders, providing mentorship and leadership to fellow students and creating a project tailored to their interests and the needs of the SURE℠ program. This flexible program tests a student’s ability to take initiative and create solutions.
- Trained 370 student consultants
- Over 400 businesses started or materially expanded from the program
- Benefits provided to over 1,300 Houston-based entrepreneurs so far
- Program model is sought after by other top universities!
Discover the two sides of Supply Chain Management
Supply Chain Management: The Procurement and Sourcing Side
The supply chain pertains to the buying, making, shipping and selling of a product or service. Consider a track that prepares you to manage product development at any stage which includes mini internships along the way and the chance to finish off your Bauer SCM experience in a strategic supply competition sponsored by Halliburton through the SCM 4351 course. Customize and create your own emphasis in the classroom and put classroom theory to the test with corporate projects and professional certificates upon track completion.
Supply Chain Management: The Process Management Side
Bauer supply chain track students in SCM 4367 learn how to make small improvements with large returns to the company’s bottom line. Taught primarily through live demos and project-based learning, this course teaches students how to review processes and optimize resources where and when it matters. The end result is an eye for trimming down inefficient business and service models and developing enough working knowledge of LEAN and or Six Sigma to pass industry level certification tests.
Impact your community, personal decisions and professional growth with data
Kickstart your ability to make sound data-driven decisions
Data gathering and analysis is valuable in both professional and personal settings. Kickstart your ability to make sound data-driven decisions by developing a intermediate proficiency in excel through MIS 3300. Whether you need to keep track of medications in inventory for a hospital, track your spending, or create financial plans, Excel enables you to do these activities efficiently and accurately in any setting. This course also incorporates public data sets and gives students the opportunity to use their acquired excel skills in the local community to advise programs like the Harris County Scholastic Award program. | <urn:uuid:84aefffb-241d-483a-9461-5a67a2141599> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cba.uh.edu/experiential-learning/undergraduate/courses/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.932469 | 1,292 | 2.015625 | 2 |
By Muneeb Nasir
The companions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) transformed themselves and their societies in a short period of time.
We cannot be but amazed at what they achieved.
These women and men were from among the most deprived lot in their society - many came from among the poorest segments of society, some were enslaved and many were destitute.
Yet their names have reverberated throughout history, so much so, that Muslims feel honoured to name their children after companions such as Bilaal, Salman, Aisha, Muadh ibn Jabal, Sumayyah, Abu Huraryah, Talha, Ubayy ibn Kaab …
Even if we don’t know the finer details of their lives, their legacy is honoured by Muslims throughout the world.
So, what is it that made these men and women of such excellent character, conduct and achievement.
Undoubtedly, these were blessed peoples, chosen by God to accompany the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and they had certainty of faith.
But there is one factor that stands out when we read the historical accounts of their lives – and this is their sense of mission.
They understood and firmly believed that God had placed them on this earth as companions of the final Messenger to witness and communicate God’s final revelation to humanity.
They followed the Messenger who was entrusted by God with this mission statement:
“Prophet, We have sent you as a witness, as a bearer of good news and warning, as one who calls people to God by His leave, as a light-giving lamp.” (Qur’an, 33:45-46).
This sense of mission – of being witnesses to humanity of the good news and inviters to God’s Grace was engraved in their consciousness.
For them, their new way of life (Deen) was not an afterthought or at the periphery of their lives.
The sense of mission of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) - their ‘why’ is what we are to model in our life as believers in One God.
God has brought us here and placed us in this land and at this moment in history.
We are not here by chance - it is the plan of God. We should feel that God has brought us here, at this moment, so that we can witness the good news of the message of mercy, peace and justice to others.
Our ‘why’, our mission statement, has been given to us:
“Say, ‘My prayers and sacrifice, my life and death, are all for God, Lord of all the Worlds.” (Qur’an, 6:162). | <urn:uuid:1bb50ae0-7d54-4ceb-819a-e3477ea373bc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.iqra.ca/2022/friday-reflection-finding-our-why/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.974462 | 569 | 2.375 | 2 |
Though Facebook seems like the 750-million-user gorilla in the social gaming space, a new report claims that other social networks combine to bring in more gaming revenue, a trend that's expected to continue into the near future.
Social platform distributor Viximo's latest 'Beyond Facebook' Report [PDF link
] uses information from Superdata Research to examine more than 750,000 transactions from over 150,000 users in early 2011 to determine that social gamers currently spend roughly $3.2 billion annually on non-Facebook networks, compared to just $1.3 billion spent on Facebook games.
This revenue is mainly concentrated in Asian, European and South American markets where Facebook faces stiff competition from dominant, entrenched networks like Hyves (the Netherlands), Tuenti (Spain), VKontakte (Russia), StudiVZ (Germany), Yonja (Turkey) and Orkut (Latin America).
Viximo, whose business is focused around distributing social titles in these emerging markets, claims the bulk of growth in social gaming over the next few years to come from these markets, especially areas like Russia, Brazil and Turkey.
By 2014, this growth will help non-Facebook gaming revenue balloon to an estimated $7.6 billion, with Facebook gaming expected to represent $3.1 billion in revenue that year, according to claims made by Viximo.
"With Facebook maturing and becoming a more costly investment, smaller, more focused platforms
provide room for growth and diversification," the report reads. "This multiplicity of vibrant social networks creates a significant opportunity for social game developers willing to port their content to new networks and localize for non-English speaking regions." | <urn:uuid:5ecd27d2-6a96-4df4-b061-21140b060f22> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/report-non-facebook-networks-form-bulk-of-social-gaming-revenue | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.930588 | 344 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Santa Marta is a great base from which to explore Tayrona National Park, with its stunning jungle-fringed, golden sand Caribbean beaches. There are some lovely spots for swimming and sunbathing, and archaeological sites associated with the indigenous Tayrona culture.
Within view of the Colombian coast and Santa Marta are the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta Mountains, often topped with snow and the highest coastal range in the world. Trekking to the Ciudad Perdida - the ‘Lost City' of the Tayrona - is a classic South American adventure and one of the coastal region's most popular attractions. A visit to Aracataca, the birthplace of the Colombian writer, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, is also recommended. | <urn:uuid:0fdf099d-6207-4972-96e1-d53ba200e649> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wexas.com/holidays/south-america/santa-marta-tayrona-national-park-and-la-guajira-peninsula | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.924891 | 155 | 1.695313 | 2 |
The Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research (BIMR) at McMaster University is located in beautiful Hamilton, Canada, on the western tip of lake Ontario. Hamilton is 70 km from two major tourist destinations, Toronto and Niagara Falls, providing an ideal opportunity for IUCr Congress attendees to expand their visit to Canada.
The trip from Montreal to Toronto is one hour by plane and 7 hours by train. The trains between Montreal Central Station and Toronto Union Station are especially convenient, cost under 100 CAD if purchased in advance, and offer good free wi-fi service.
Travel to McMaster University from Toronto’s Pearson-International Airport or Union Station can be accomplished either by car or via public transport (click here for directions). Parking for guests is available on campus but fairly expensive. The HSR transit in and around Toronto, Hamilton and McMaster University is very accessible. We provide a summary of the most important public-transport options, but caution you to download and cross-check the relevant timetables as you plan your itinerary.
The main office of the Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research is located in room 453 of the A.N. Bourns Science Building, which is marked as building #25 on the Campus Map. The exact location of the workshop will be announced later. Participants staying in on-campus accommodations will be directed to one of the residence halls shown on the map after registration.
There are many internet resources that can guide your exploration of the natural beauty, historic character, and exciting activities in and around Toronto, Hamilton, Niagra Falls, and the greater Lake Ontario region. Among other things, we recommend that you read about the Cootes Paradise Sanctuary. | <urn:uuid:83af262f-92f6-4417-bb30-86d37a3daa79> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://magcryst.org/meetings/cmsworkshop2014/travel/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.935357 | 343 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Assembly Instructions (1)
Make the Pressure Chamber
The finished pressure chamber will be 1 1/2” tall. It will be made from the top and the bottom of the paint can.
Remove the paint can lid and mark a line around the side that is exactly 5/8 down from the top. Mark another line around the outside that is exactly 5/8” up from the bottom. Cut carefully along this line. Cut carefully so that you also preserve the center section of the can. You are going to use the center section to cut some additional parts.
I use a sheet metal nibbler to cut my paint cans. I drill a small hole (about 1/4”) to start the cut, insert the nibbler, then work my way around the can.
Use tin snips to cut the center band of the paint can. Make a vertical cut parallel to the weld that is in the side of the can. Measure and cut a strip of metal from the bottom of the can that is exactly 1 3/16” tall. This cut is parallel to the cut made when you removed the bottom of the can. This piece of metal will be used to make the pressure chamber sidewall.
The pressure chamber sidewall will be glued to the inside of the top and bottom can parts. Use the high temp silicone glue for this. Glue all three pieces together at the same time (top, side, and bottom). Start by gluing the sidewall to the inside of the pressure chamber top. (The top is the piece with the lid.) Use enough silicone to get an air tight seal everywhere. I used a small piece of metal (about 1/2” x 1 1/8”) to reinforce the seam in the sidewall. Set this assembly aside until the glue is completely cured.
Make a Displacer
The displacer is cut from a piece of 3/16” thick foam core poster board. Measure the opening of the paint can. The displacer will have to fit into this opening, so it must be made a little smaller. Use a compass to mark a circle on the poster board that is exactly 1/8” smaller in diameter than the opening of the paint can. This will provide 1/16” clearance between the edge of the displacer and the opening of the can. Cut carefully on the line.
Cut a 3” piece of 1/16” music wire. The easiest way to cut music wire is to score it with a file and then bend it and break it. Good quality music wire is very hard and will break like tool steel when it is scored and bent. Place a 90 degree bend in the music wire 3/4” from one end. This bend should be as close to 90 degrees as you can get it to be.
If you have a drill press you can use it to create a simple jig for gluing the displacer rod to the displacer. Simply drill a 3/32” hole through a flat board. This hole will hold the displacer rod at the correct angle while the glue is curing.
Press the long end of the displacer rod through the center of the displacer and down through the hole in the jig. Apply enough pressure to compress the poster board just a little bit around the center. Fill the depression with epoxy glue and set it aside until the glue has cured. Once the glue cures remove the assembled part from the jig and check the alignment. The rod must be perpendicular to the surface of the displacer and in the exact center of the disk.
Prepare the Drive Cylinder
Drill a 7/16” hole in the center of the bottom of the film can. This hole is drilled to fit the short pipe nipple that is used to connect the drive cylinder to the pressure chamber lid.
Drill a hole in the center of the lid and carve it out until it is as large possible, until only a ring remains. This ring will be used to seal the diaphragm to the drive cylinder.
Prepare the Pressure Chamber Lid
Use a compass to find the center of the paint can lid. To do this, set the compass to match the radius of the lid, and then use it to draw a line near the center of the lid. Rotate the lid 90 degrees and repeat the process. Continue to rotate the lid and draw marks with the compass until you have established the center point of the lid.
Drill a 1/4” hole through the center of the lid.
Locate the position of the drive cylinder. The drive cylinder will be positioned as close to the edge of the lid as possible while still being mounted to the flat surface of the lid. Mark the position of the hole using the film can as a guide. Drill the hole with a 7/16” drill bit.
Make and Attach the Pressure Chamber Gland
The “gland” allows the displacer rod to pass through the top of the pressure chamber without causing a leak and without creating significant friction. UHMW plastic is a good choice for this purpose. It is naturally slippery.
Cut a piece of UHMW plastic to be 1” x 1” x 3/8”. Locate the center of the square and drill a 1/16” hole using a drill press (if you have one). Test the fit with a piece of 1/16” music wire. If it is a snug fit that does not allow the music wire to slide easily, the hole must be enlarged. Increase the drill size by 1/64” (to 5/64”) and drill it again. Test the fit again. 1/16” music wire is actually slightly oversized and should be a good match with a 5/64” hole.
Use RTV silicone to attach the gland over the center hole of the lid. Keep the silicone away from the center hole in the UHMW as it will cause friction if it gets in the way of the displacer rod. | <urn:uuid:fde22899-0cea-4fb9-a311-1fe994f357c1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.stirlingbuilder.com/paint-can-stirling-engine/paint-can-assembly-instructions-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.897672 | 1,256 | 2.0625 | 2 |
What Types of Speech Therapy Are Available?
There are many types of speech therapy, but the basics of the field are simple. Speech therapists treat speech and language impairments. Some are even known as speech and language pathologists. Regardless of the name, speech therapy is vital to treating many disorders. The following information provides an overview of some of the most common speech disorders. Read on to learn more. After all, speech therapy is not just for stuttering!
Treatment of stuttering
There are several different treatment options for stuttering. Early identification of the problem is essential to prevent the disorder from progressing. Several genetic factors contribute to stuttering, including a slight glitch in brain connections. Genetics is a contributing factor as stuttering often runs in families. Identical twins are more likely to stutter than fraternal twins. Learn more here www.childdevelopment.com.au/services/speech-pathology/.
A therapist may help a stutterer reduce negative feelings about their disorder in the early years. The therapist will encourage the stutterer to open up about their disorder and share their experiences with others. During the stuttering treatment, the patient will learn to identify and accept their disorder. During the sputtering process, they will learn how to speak in situations that they fear.
Treatment of swallowing problems
If you’re experiencing difficulty swallowing, you might need speech therapy. The condition can cause social and health problems, and speech-language pathologists specialise in helping people overcome their challenges. Swallowing involves several phases, including chewing and sucking. When food reaches the throat, it must be moved down the esophagus, where it is dissolved in saliva. The final phase is swallowing, which moves food into the stomach.
During speech therapy, therapists will show patients how to use their muscles to swallow effectively. During these sessions, they may suggest dietary changes or hold the head in a specific way to improve swallowing. Exercises are also a standard part of speech therapy. Most speech therapy exercises work to strengthen the tongue. Speech therapy aims to increase control of the muscles in the throat, tongue, and esophagus.
Treatment of language impairments
People with speech, language or cognition impairments can benefit from speech therapy. Aphasia, a disorder that affects a person’s ability to speak, understand, or write, is a common cause of disability. While it is most often caused by stroke, other brain disorders, such as tumours, can cause the disorder. Dysarthria, or poor voice quality, interferes with students’ ability to form cooperative groups, participate in classroom discussions, and establish and maintain peer relationships. In addition to the underlying language disorder, absenteeism, anxiety, and classroom behaviour may be signs of a speech impairment. Learn more here www.childdevelopment.com.au/services/speech-pathology/.
In young children with language impairments, group therapy may be most beneficial. Group therapy gives children an opportunity to understand the challenges of others and work with people with different strengths. However, children in the group must be of the same age and development level. If not, it may hurt the child’s self-esteem and lead to withdrawal. It can also be counterproductive. Therefore, consider your child’s age, IQ, and other factors when choosing a speech therapy Adelaide program.
Treatment of voice disorders
Speech-language pathologists treat people with various communication issues, including stuttering, voice problems, and language disorders. Their specialty is speech therapy, and their training allows them to work with patients of all ages. These speech-language pathologists are skilled at assessing and treating various communication skills, including language, reading, and writing. They also treat swallowing and feeding disorders.
The length of voice therapy depends on the disorder’s severity and the problem’s cause. Treatment is typically provided as individual sessions lasting six to eight weeks. The process begins with educating the patient about their condition and identifying the vocal habits detrimental to their voice. Once they have identified the causes, they can begin an exercise program to correct the problem. It may also be necessary to undergo psychological therapy for those suffering from voice disorders. | <urn:uuid:a7d13922-954c-4a53-a7ad-bc3eda6349cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://nextreflexdc.com/what-types-of-speech-therapy-are-available/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.956148 | 860 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Use the vinegar and baking soda combination to help clear a sluggish drain. If there is no standing water in the way, pour a half-cup of baking soda down the drain, then add a half a cup of white vinegar. Pour the boiling water down the drain to flush the vinegar and baking soda through. …
Is it safe to use baking soda and vinegar to clean a drain?
Pour boiling water down the drain again. The bubbling reaction from the baking soda and vinegar helps to loosen the drain clog, and the boiling water in step 4 helps remove it from your pipes. Baking soda and vinegar can serve as a natural drain cleaner.
What is the best homemade drain cleaner?
Mix 1/2 cup baking soda with 1/4 cup table salt and pour down the drain giving you trouble. Follow by pouring 1 cup of heated vinegar down the drain (it will foam and bubble). Cover the drain with a plug or duct tape to prevent the mixture from escaping. Let it sit for 15 minutes.
What is the ratio of baking soda to vinegar to clean a drain?
Instead of using harsh chemicals that could potentially damage your pipes, unclog and refresh your drain by pouring in a ½ cup of baking soda and 1 cup of vinegar. Always keep the ratio one-part baking soda to two parts vinegar. The mixture will fizz and bubble, like your favorite middle school volcano science project.
How do I clean my shower drain with vinegar and baking soda?
Pour a cup of baking soda down the clogged drain first, and then after a few minutes add a cup of vinegar. Give the mixture a few hours to work to dissolve the blockage, and then rinse out the drain with boiling water.
Will vinegar hurt PVC pipes?
Most chemical-based cleaners generate heat inside the pipe; PVC may not withstand the heat and it will melt, or harm the integrity of the pipe joints. … If you want to try a home-based chemical remedy, try vinegar and baking soda. They pose no danger whatsoever to your pipes.
Is baking soda good for cleaning drains?
Freshen your drains by adding 1/2 cup of baking soda to the drain and allowing it to sit overnight, then flushing with hot water or hot vinegar in the morning. Both the baking-soda-and-vinegar and the baking-soda-and-salt methods can be used to clean and freshen your garbage disposal.
Can Coke unclog a drain?
Coke. Coke is a lesser-known fix you can find in your refrigerator. Pour a 2-liter bottle of cola — Pepsi, Coke, or generic brand substitutes — down the clogged drain. Coke is actually quite caustic and effective at clearing away buildup in your drains, but it’s far milder than commercial drain cleaners.
Can hydrogen peroxide unclog a drain?
Mix a cup of hydrogen peroxide with a tablespoon of baking soda. Pour this mixture down your drain and let it foam. This should help to break up the clog and clear your drain. … When you pour hot water down the drain, keep your face back to avoid steam burns.
Should I pour salt down my drain?
The salt will help break down grease and emulsified fats so that they can be flushed through the pipes more easily by the vinegar and hot water.
Is it dangerous to mix vinegar and baking soda?
Nothing dangerous happens when you mix baking soda and vinegar, but basically they neutralize each other and you lose all the beneficial aspects of the two ingredients.
What happens when you mix vinegar and baking soda?
When baking soda is mixed with vinegar, something new is formed. The mixture quickly foams up with carbon dioxide gas. If enough vinegar is used, all of the baking soda can be made to react and disappear into the vinegar solution. … Sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid reacts to carbon dioxide, water and sodium acetate.
What happens when you drink vinegar and baking soda?
Combining the two also creates a chemical reaction that produces gas. Therefore, this mixture may cause gas and bloating in people who ingest it before all the gas has escaped. However, no studies have researched this effect. Baking soda and apple cider vinegar may also interact with certain medications.
What vinegar is best for cleaning?
White distilled vinegar is the best vinegar for cleaning because it doesn’t contain a coloring agent. Therefore, it won’t stain surfaces. Staining can happen when cleaning with a darker-colored vinegar.
Is it safe to pour boiling water down the drain?
Do NOT pour boiling water down your sink or toilet.
This can melt PVC piping and pipe seals, causing serious damage. … However, this likely won’t accomplish much with more severe clogs, as all the fizzing reaction does is shift around whatever is clogging the pipe. | <urn:uuid:5c71d380-2266-4a4b-9d75-67f5898f919f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://orangekitchens.net/bakeing/can-you-mix-baking-soda-and-vinegar-to-clean-drain.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.8609 | 1,011 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Anyone who markets something as being “climate neutral” must explain in more detail how this is accomplished. That was the conclusion of the Landgericht (LG) Konstanz – the Regional Court of Constance – in a judgment from November 19, 2021 (case ref.: 7 O 6/21 KfH).
Despite being a popular selling point in advertising, we the commercial law firm MTR Rechtsanwälte note that it is often unclear what exactly is meant by “climate neutral”. That is why the Wettbewerbszentrale – Germany’s Center for Protection against Unfair Competition – has been pushing for greater transparency, demanding that businesses ensure that the advertising elaborates on how this is achieved. This approach was recently endorsed in a ruling from November 19, 2021 by the Landgericht Konstanz, which granted an action for an injunction brought by the Wettbewerbszentrale.
On the receiving end of this action was a supplier that had been marketing its heating oil as being climate neutral. No further information was provided regarding how this was being realized or what measures the company had taken to contribute to this end. The claim was said to be unclear, which is what led the Wettbewerbszentrale to file for an injunction against the advertising.
The Landgericht Konstanz held that the company was required to explain in more detail how climate neutrality was being achieved. The Court noted that environmental claims, e.g., that a product is “climate neutral”, can have a particularly emotional advertising appeal. At the same time, the interplay of complex scientific phenomena exists alongside a relatively low level of factual knowledge on the part of consumers. The conclusion of the LG Konstanz was that requirements in relation to the duty to inform must be strict and far-reaching.
A similar case saw the Landgericht (LG) Kiel – the Regional Court of Kiel – find an advertisement promoting “climate-neutral” trash bags to be anticompetitive (case ref.: 14 HKO 99/20), with the advertisement being deemed to be misleading to consumers. The Court stated that the imprint “climate neutral” above the name of the business gave the impression that the firm as a whole was climate neutral and not simply the product in question. Moreover, it was not clear that the phrase “climate neutral” only referred to certain trash bags. Indeed, the impression created was that other garbage bags provided by the company were also being produced in a climate-neutral manner. The Court therefore concluded that the advertisement was unfair and anticompetitive due to its misleading content, reasoning that it was important for consumers to receive unproblematic information about how climate neutrality is being achieved when considering whether or not to make a purchase. This necessary step could be realized, e.g., by including a reference to the website on the packaging or a QR code. The appeal is pending before the Schleswig-Holsteinisches Oberlandesgericht (OLG), the Higher Regional Court of Schleswig-Holstein (6 U 46/21).
Lawyers with experience in the field of antitrust and competition law can advise on how to avoid warning notices, injunction suits, and claims for damages.
For more information: | <urn:uuid:84eb0905-57a4-4eec-84f8-111f4d6b94da> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mtrlegal.com/en/news-and-press/detail/news/anticompetitive-advertising-touting-climate-neutral-status.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.960024 | 687 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Every year the ECHA and Competent Authorities conduct IT and manual screening to identify any substances that are classified as hazardous or pose a risk to human health or the environment. Any identified substances are then progressed to REACH and CLP to ensure their safe use.
The IT Screening for the last three years have identified 893 chemicals which require further investigation and 581 are being referred to Member State authorities. 78% required regulatory action and some require multiple outcomes. This year, 162 chemical substances from the REACH registrations have been identified for further investigation by Member States’ Competent Authorities who will decide on regulatory actions.
Automated IT Screening compiles a shortlist of substances requiring further investigation, which are then further shortlisted depending on whether they are likely to be released into the environment or lead to human exposure when in use. The categories of substances screened include:
- Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT’s)
- Carcinogenic, Mutagenic or Toxic to Reproduction (CMRs)
- Chemicals with Specific Target Organ Toxicity from Repeated Exposure (STOTRE) properties
Letters will be sent to any companies who have registered aby of the 162 identified substances, and affected companies are advised to update their REACH Dossiers as soon as possible. Any substances that require action will be listed on the ECHA’s website once the decision has been made. | <urn:uuid:57003fe9-3ebb-4e54-a9d6-856b1ccc8a19> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.riskbriefing.co.uk/162-substances-shortlisted-potential-regulatory-action-echa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.936005 | 307 | 2.5625 | 3 |
With Christmas holiday days away, the nation's flu markers are showing spirited rises, with 29 states reporting widespread activity and the disease affecting nearly all regions, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said today.
With the H3N2 virus as the clearly dominant strain, health officials have been closely tracking a mismatch with the strain included in the vaccine, which has now risen to account for 69.4% of the circulating H3N2 viruses, up from 67.5% the week before.
The CDC said today that it expects flu activity to increase even more in the weeks ahead, and it urged people who haven't been immunized against the disease to get vaccinated now.
Flu markers show steady rise
Among other flu markers, 25.9% of respiratory specimens were positive for flu last week, increasing from 21.2% the previous week. The percentage of doctors' visits due to influenza-like illness (ILI) rose to 3.7%, putting it above the national baseline of 2.0%. Nine of the CDC's 10 regions were above their baselines for doctors' visits for ILI.
Thirteen states and Puerto Rico reported high ILI activity, another indicator of doctors' visits for the disease. Except for Minnesota, most are southern and central states.
Hospitalization rates were highest in adults age 65 and older and in children up to age 4. Nearly 95% of hospitalizations related to flu were linked to influenza A, which includes H3N2.
Four more pediatric flu deaths were reported, bringing the season's total so far to 11. Two were linked to H3N2, one was from an unsubtyped influenza A virus, and one was associated with influenza B. Overall deaths from pneumonia and flu remained below the epidemic threshold of 6.7%.
The reach of the disease also expanded dramatically last week. The CDC said 29 states and Guam reported widespread flu activity, up from 14 the week before. Except for Colorado and Texas, most of the states reporting widespread flu are in the eastern half of the United States.
Fourteen states and Puerto Rico reported regional spread, and only two—Hawaii and Oregon—reported sporadic activity.
Enough Tamiflu, but spot shortages
Rising flu activity is increasing the demand for Tamiflu (oseltamivir), and though spot shortages are being reported in some locations, Genentech, the company that markets the drug under Roche, said yesterday that it anticipates ample supply for the season.
The company said it is working with distributors and retail chains to provide consistent access to the drug. It said if necessary, pharmacies should work with authorized distributors to get additional supplies of Tamiflu capsules and oral suspension.
Genentech said that if oral suspension isn't available, pharmacists can mix 75-mg capsules into an oral suspension. The oral suspension is typically given to young children and others who have difficulty swallowing tablets.
Scattered shortages of the oral suspension have been reported in past flu seasons, including in January of this year and in 2013, 2011, and during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, requiring pharmacies to compound it from capsules. In the past the company has said it takes significantly more resources to make the liquid suspension compared with the tablets.
Global flu patterns
Globally, the World Health Organization (WHO) said flu activity in North America has passed the seasonal threshold, with most disease linked to H3N2. Flu levels are climbing in Europe, but there is no clear indication that the region's flu season has started, the agency said in its Dec 15 report.
Other parts of the world seeing increases include eastern Asia, where H3N2 is the dominant strain; northern and western Africa, where influenza B is predominant; and some tropical areas of the Americas, such as some Caribbean countries.
Dec 19 CDC Flu View
Dec 19 CDC flu situation update
Dec 18 Genentech statement
Dec 15 WHO global flu update | <urn:uuid:af1ef038-203c-4fe4-aeb7-fbe2403ec857> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2014/12/us-flu-activity-rises-ahead-holiday-season | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.961926 | 817 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical)
Bachelor of Mathematics
PhD in Electrical Engineering
Signal processing for speech, audio and acoustics
Multimedia Quality of Experience (QoE)
Spatial and 3D Audio recording, analysis and synthesis
Acoustic design of 3D printed musical instruments
Perception-based media signal processing
Christianleads a team of researchers focusing on three main research areas: Spatial Audio Coding, Microphone Array Signal Processing and Multimedia Quality of Experience (QoE). He has developed a significant track record in multichannel audio compression that has has direct application to communication systems for next generation audio applications such as 3D TV and 3D teleconferencing. Christian has lead research into the use of miniature microphone arrays that has direct application to hands-free communication systems such as teleconferencing and recording and automatically annotating “speaker turns” in meetings. His QoE research focuses on understanding the user perception of interactive multimedia applications for mobile and online environments (e.g.augmented reality), which is critical to ensuring their success.
Christian's current research projects include co-located microphone arrays for hands-free speech communication, sound source estimation from microphone array recordings, reproduction of spatial audio in noisy environments, "quality of experience" estimation for multimedia applications and services and the acoustic design of novel instruments using 3D printing technologies. My research has been funded by the Australian Research Council (ARC) and the SmartServices Cooperative Research Centre (CRC).
Christian is an experienced lecturer in electrical, computer and telecommunications engineering and actively involved in the scholarship of teaching including the embedding of graduate qualities within the curriculum, professional degree accreditation and quality assurance of learning and teaching. He is actively involved with academic governance, chairing several committees responsible for Engineering Education and regularly serving as the Acting Head of School. | <urn:uuid:1f0764e1-3ac3-4b29-a69e-11479453a95a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://uowji.ccnu.edu.cn/info/1043/1721.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.919334 | 415 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Chelate (Chelated Fertilizer) – 5 Kg
- Chelate Fertilizer
- This product has all the micronutrients needed by plants.
- It can be used as a foliar fertilizer
- It can be fertigated to plants
Chelate or chelated fertilizer contains micronutrients that are useful to plants. Chelate is a fertilizer product that can address micronutrients deficiencies in plants.
Though plants need a little amount of micronutrients, a deficiency in any of the micronutrients can lead to a significant loss in yield.
Chelates are surrounded by ligands or chelators.
Components of Chelate or Chelated Fertilizer
Crops Chelate can be used for
Chelated Fertilizer can be used for vegetable crops, tree and fruit crops, broad acre crops, flowers and fodders.
Benefits of using Chelate or Chelated Fertilizer
The following are the benefits of using chelated fertilizer:
- It can help in supplying needed micronutrients to plants.
- The micronutrients supplied to plants by this fertilizer can provide synergistic advantage to the plant’s usage of macronutrients.
- This product can significantly increase the yield of crops.
- The product can enhance the quality of fruits.
- This product can positively impact the process of photosynthesis.
How to Use Chelate
To use chelated fertilizer, the following has to be done:
Chelated fertilizers can be applied to plants through fertigation. This involves the passing of the fertilizer to the root zone of plants using the drip irrigation system.
Chelate can also be foliar sprayed on plants.
To order Chelate or chelated fertilizer on phone, please call 08025141924. | <urn:uuid:8f76f7f1-7243-4c1c-b8a2-188c77e5858a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://store.veggieconcept.ng/product/chelate-chelated-fertilizer-5-kg/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.857101 | 469 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Lean logistics defined In the logistics sector, being lean is simply a way to recognise and eliminate wasteful activities from the supply chain. Lean Logistics is all about improving operations at all levels and optimising the supply chain by reducing waste, which is important for supply chain control.
- 1 What does lean mean in supply chain?
- 2 How is lean relevant to logistics?
- 3 What is the concept of lean?
- 4 What is lean in simple terms?
- 5 What is Lean Sourcing?
- 6 What is Lean supply structure?
- 7 What is Lean Thinking model?
- 8 What are lean production methods?
- 9 What is meant by bullwhip effect?
- 10 How do you work Lean?
- 11 What is Lean business?
- 12 What are the 5 S of Lean?
- 13 Why lean is important?
What does lean mean in supply chain?
What is a lean supply chain? A lean supply chain is a supply chain operating at its very best: it supplies the goods or products to the end customer in the most efficient manner possible, with minimal waste, loss, and with enough flexibility that it can adapt to unexpected delays.
How is lean relevant to logistics?
Lean logistics is a great way to minimize inventory risk. Lean logistics processes also remove wasteful processes from the supply chain, which shorten lifecycles. This increases efficiencies and profit. Also, you don’t need as much warehouse space if you are consistently turning product at a measured rate.
What is the concept of lean?
Lean is the concept of efficient manufacturing/operations that grew out of the Toyota Production System in the middle of the 20th century. Lean is centered on preserving value with less work; with the ultimate goal of providing perfect value to the customer through a perfect value creation process that has zero waste.
What is lean in simple terms?
Lean is defined as a set of management practices to improve efficiency and effectiveness by eliminating waste. The core principle of lean is to reduce and eliminate non-value adding activities and waste.
What is Lean Sourcing?
Lean sourcing gives organizations the capacity to discern between sourcing tasks that lead to waste and those that can add value to the processes. This way, organizations are in a better position to pinpoint wasteful activities and eliminate them.
What is Lean supply structure?
A lean supply chain defines how a well-designed supply chain should operate, delivering products quickly to the end customer, with minimum waste. Thus organizations striving to become lean would benefit from a systematic approach towards building and managing their supply chain.
What is Lean Thinking model?
The Lean Thinking model is a process to facilitate improvement in patient care with existing resources, meaning the same things can be achieved using fewer people.
What are lean production methods?
Lean production is an approach to management that focuses on cutting out waste, whilst ensuring quality. This approach can be applied to all aspects of a business – from design, through production to distribution. Lean production aims to cut costs by making the business more efficient and responsive to market needs.
What is meant by bullwhip effect?
The bullwhip effect (also known as the Forrester effect) is defined as the demand distortion that travels upstream in the supply chain from the retailer through to the wholesaler and manufacturer due to the variance of orders which may be larger than that of sales.
How do you work Lean?
6 Lean Principles That Can Make You More Efficient
- Focus on your customer. Ultimately, what all customers want is value.
- Figure out how the work gets done.
- Remove inefficiencies and waste.
- Track numbers and manage by evidence.
- Empower the people operating the process.
- Go about all this in a systematic way.
What is Lean business?
Simply stated, a Lean business is a business that maximizes value while minimizing waste. A Lean business model focuses on improving processes across the value stream in order to eliminate waste and deliver optimized value to the customer.
What are the 5 S of Lean?
The 5S pillars, Sort (Seiri), Set in Order (Seiton), Shine (Seiso), Standardize (Seiketsu), and Sustain (Shitsuke), provide a methodology for organizing, cleaning, developing, and sustaining a productive work environment.
Why lean is important?
Lean manufacturing improves efficiency, reduces waste, and increases productivity. Improved lead times: As manufacturing processes are streamlined, businesses can better respond to fluctuations in demand and other market variables, resulting in fewer delays and better lead times. | <urn:uuid:7f02866f-bbb4-4bce-beca-1d45fcc43d03> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://otranlogistics.com/logistics/what-is-lean-in-logistics.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.943609 | 945 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Does Ichetucknee Springs have camping?
We have beautiful shaded campsites that are surrounded by hundred year old oak trees and thick green foliage, giving each site a cozy and private feel. In addition to its natural beauty, we provide many amenities to make your stay more comfortable and more memorable.
Are there alligators in the Ichetucknee River?
No gators, but snakes – yes. The snakes that swim underneath submerged in the water are harmless but if you see one swimming up along the top of the water with its head up, watch out as it’s a cottonmouth (water moccasin) and they are aggressive.
How long does it take to float the Ichetucknee?
about two hours
It will take you about two hours to float down to the Last Take Out where a tram will shuttle you back to the parking area. There is also an exit at the 45-minute mark at Dampier’s Landing. You can always get out there and walk back to the South parking lot.
Can you drink on the Ichetucknee River?
Fireworks, alcohol, and hunting are prohibited within the park. Coolers, floating coolers, food and disposable containers are prohibited on the river. Water is permitted on the river in non-disposable containers only. Tubes larger than 60″ are not allowed on the river.
How much does it cost to get into ichetucknee?
State Park Admission: $6 per vehicle. Limit 2-8 people per vehicle. $4 Single Occupant Vehicle. $4 Motorcycle Fee (one or two people).
How cold is Ichetucknee Springs Water?
With water that remains a constant 72 degrees Fahrenheit year-round, this spring can be an all-season experience.
Are there snakes in the Ichetucknee River?
Dangerous Wildlife There are snakes in the Ichetucknee River and spring areas! Some snakes might be venomous, so pay attention and be careful. We talk more about snakes in our Tubing Guide.
Is tubing safe in Florida?
You will be completely safe to float around in the designated swimming area. With temperatures at a constant 72F, the water is a great way to cool down on a hot Florida day!
How much does it cost to tube at Ichetucknee?
Admission to the park is $6 per vehicle (up to 8 people), and the charge for the tubing tram is $5.50. The fee is good all day for trams to the midpoint launch site.
Can I bring my own tube to Ichetucknee Springs?
Can I bring my own tube or rent my tube outside the park? Private tubes and outside tube rentals are allowed, however, rental through Paddling Adventures within the park is recommended for convenience. Tube transportation services are not available for private tubes or outside rentals.
How cold is the Ichetucknee River?
72 to 73 degrees
The water is too cold for them! The Ichetucknee River -due to it’s spring fed source- stays a consistent 72 to 73 degrees year round. Alligators are ectothermic- they rely on external sources of heat to regulate their body temperature.
How much does it cost to rent a tube at Ichetucknee Springs?
Ichetucknee Springs tubing in summer Admission to the park is $6 per vehicle (up to 8 people), and the charge for the tubing tram is $5.50. The fee is good all day for trams to the midpoint launch site. What is this? If you don’t bring your own tube, you can rent one, which range from $6 to $25. | <urn:uuid:fa74f3d1-fd47-49d4-a27b-32eed1760a8e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.denguedenguedengue.com/does-ichetucknee-springs-have-camping/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.935613 | 770 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Addu City, Maldives — Addu EOC has disclosed that currently there are 345 people home quarantined in Addu.
They are 156 people in 76 houses of Hithadhoo, 33 peole in 16 houses of Maradhoo, 10 people in 5 houses of Maradhoofeydhoo, 54 people in 27 houses of Feydhoo, 60 people in 24 houses of Hulhudhoo and 32 people in 17 houses of Meedhoo.
While everyone has to stay in home quarantined for 14 days, they will only be discharged from quarantine if they get tested negative for Covid-19 after 14 days.
HPA declared special regulations to allow those who were stuck in Male’ due to lock down to come back to their homelands and get self quarantined at their home themselves.
This regulations state that those who wish to return back to their homelands from Male’ must have no symptoms of Covid-19 and that the cost will be handled by the government.
HPA informed that it is the responsibility of the Public Health Unit of the island and the island council to confirm whether the accommodation designated to the individuals who travel to the islands are up to the requirements of the regulation.
The regulations says that anyone that can be included in the following category must not be in the same accommodation as someone who is in home quarantine. They are:
- anyone over 60 years.
- anyone pregnant.
- anyone having asthma.
- anyone with any type of kidney disease.
- anyone with diabetes.
- anyone with severe diseases such as heart disease.
The people to be quarantined must be kept in a room separated from anyone else living in the house and if more than one person is being quarantined in one room then there must be minimum 3 feet distance between each bed. It is also necessary for these people to use a separate bathroom when in home quarantine. | <urn:uuid:3e1024fb-982a-4618-ae3a-567c15ee739d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://timesofaddu.com/2020/06/23/345-people-home-quarantined-in-addu/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.973263 | 401 | 1.554688 | 2 |
With the onset of the pandemic, many have turned to online platforms for shopping, delivery and other activities that were once done in physical mode. And while the pandemic may have been over, this transition of online transactions has not deterred in the slightest.
However, this has created a lot of traffic and thus, competition in the online market space; making it difficult for new businesses to emerge without paying a hefty prince for advertisement. This is where the method to buy Google Reviews (Google Bewertungen kaufen) can help a new, emerging business to boost its profit and reach.
Why should one purchase reviews?
A study shows that as high as 57% of online customers decide whether to buy a product or a service after reading the reviews the place or the said company has received. The fewer reviews a product or service may have, the more people find it unreliable or look over it as they equate ordering it as a gamble. After all, isn’t it a popular misconception that if everyone is using it then it must be good?
Thus, to gain even a levelled playing field with the other products, one needs to have enough reviews to attract the customers’ attention — especially on popular social platforms or even popular search engines.
How do buying reviews works?
There are several authentic websites on the internet that provide such reviewing services for any products needed. All one has to do is find such a website, place an order mentioning how many reviews they desire as well as the average ratings that these reviews may have and wait. The reviews will be delivered as per the website or company’s policy.
One can also customize what the reviews may say or provide the required keywords if they so desire. It entirely depends on the buyer and their choice. However, one should research properly to check whether the company provides genuine reviews or not.
Many bought reviews are often made by bots or unverified users which may be of no use. To avoid this dilemma, the buyer is suggested to check the policy of the website and take the free trial assessment, if given. Since many such websites provide genuine and authentic reviews from verified users as delivery, it is better to find such websites than trusting on any available website one may find on the front page of one’s browser.
What platform should one buy reviews for?
Since there are many platforms a product may be on for its sale, buying reviews for all platforms may become pricey for a small business. The best way to tackle this issue is by prioritising which online platforms are better for the sale of the product and which may be found first if one searches about the product. That platform will act as the best advertisement for the product and will attract genuine customers who will leave actual reviews.
In the case where one is not sure which platform may be the best, it is better to buy the reviews that may show up on popular search engines, like Google. This method to buy Google reviews (Google Bewertungen kaufen) can help the business grow exponentially through all the platforms available as these reviews will pop up on Google whenever they are searched. This makes its image reliable and attracts genuine customers looking for verified products.
In the end, with online platforms becoming more and more popular as a shopping space than the actual physical market, buying reviews can act as a method of cheap yet reliable advertisement that will attract genuine and interested customers. | <urn:uuid:0d283312-4d68-4023-8376-46dd8c70426f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aidsmemorialpark.org/buy-google-reviews-cheap-advertisement-with-quality-reviews/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.9657 | 695 | 1.53125 | 2 |
By Sergio Centofanti
This year 8 December will mark the 55th anniversary of the end of the Second Vatican Council. It is an important moment in this period since a new debate has been provoked in the ecclesial community, a debate in which some are increasingly distancing themselves from the Council, and others seek to diminish its scope and significance.
A new Pentecost
Benedict XVI has used a strong word: he has spoken of a “new Pentecost.” He was a direct witness of the Council, participating as an expert assisting Cardinal Josef Frings, and later as an official peritus (theological expert). “We were hoping that all would be renewed, that there would truly be a new Pentecost, a new era of the Church,” he told the priests of Rome on 14 February 2013. “There was a feeling that the Church was not moving forward, that it was declining, that it seemed more a thing of the past and not the herald of the future. And at that moment, we were hoping that this relation would be renewed, that it would change; that the Church might once again be a force for tomorrow and a force for today.”
And quoting John Paul II in the General Audience of 10 October 2012, Benedict XVI made his own the definition of the Council as “the great grace bestowed on the Church in the 20th century: there we find a sure compass by which to take our bearings in the century now beginning (citing Apostolic Letter, Novo millennio ineunte, n. 57)”. The “true driving force” of the Council, he added, was the Holy Spirit. A new Pentecost therefore: not to create a new Church, but “a new era of the Church.”
Fidelity consists in movement
What the Council has shown more clearly is that the authentic development of the doctrine that has been transmitted from generation to generation is realized in a people walking together, guided by the Holy Spirit. This is at the heart of the celebrated discourse of Benedict XVI to the Roman Curia on 22 December 2005. Pope Benedict speaks about two hermeneutics: a hermeneutic of rupture and another of renewal in continuity. The “correct interpretation” is that which sees the Church as “a subject which increases in time and develops, yet always remaining the same, the one subject of the journeying People of God.” Pope Benedict speaks of a “synthesis of fidelity and dynamism.” Fidelity consists in movement, it is not static, it is a journey that advances along the same path, a seed that develops and becomes a tree that spreads its branches ever further, that flowers and bears fruit, like a living plant, which on the one hand grows, and on the other has roots that cannot be cut.
Continuity and discontinuity in the Church's history
But how can a renewal in continuity be justified in the face of certain dramatic changes that have taken place in the Church's history? One can begin with Peter, when he baptised the first Gentiles, upon whom the Holy Spirit had been poured out. Peter said, “Truly I perceive that God shows no partiality, but in every nation anyone who fears Him and does what is right is acceptable to Him” (Acts 10:34-35). The circumcised criticised him, but when Peter explained what had happened, they all glorified God, saying, “Then to the Gentiles also God has granted repentance unto life” (Acts 11:18).
It is the Spirit that shows us what to do and makes us move, makes us advance. In 2000 years of history there have been many changes in the Church: the doctrine on the salvation of the non-baptised; the use of violence in the name of truth; the question of women and laity; the relationship between faith and science; the interpretation of the Bible; the relationship with non-Catholics, Jews, and followers of other religions; religious liberty; the distinction between the civil and religious spheres, to name just a few. In that same speech to the Curia, Benedict XVI recognises this: on certain issues, a “de facto discontinuity had been revealed.” For example, if one sets aside philosophical, theological or historical contextualization that demonstrates a certain continuity, at one point freedom of worship for non-Catholics was not allowed, and later it was. There was, therefore, a very different approach in practice.
The scandal of a Church that learns
Benedict’s words are telling: “We must learn to understand more practically than before,” a “great openmindedness” is required, “it was necessary to learn to recognize”… Like Peter who, even after Pentecost, still had to learn new things, still had to say, “Truly I perceive…” We don’t have the truth in our pockets, we do not “possess” the truth as a thing, but rather belong to the Truth. Furthermore, Christian Truth is not a concept, it is the living God who continues to speak. And referring to the conciliar Declaration on Religious Freedom, Benedict XVI affirms, “The Second Vatican Council, recognizing and making its own an essential principle of the modern State with the Decree on Religious Freedom, has recovered the deepest patrimony of the Church. By so doing she can be conscious of being in full harmony with the teaching of Jesus Himself (cf. Mt 22: 21), as well as with the Church of the martyrs of all time.” And he adds, “The Second Vatican Council … has reviewed or even corrected certain historical decisions, but in this apparent discontinuity it has actually preserved and deepened her inmost nature and true identity. The Church, both before and after the Council, was and is the same Church, one, holy, catholic and apostolic, journeying on through time.”
A spiritual continuity
We are better able to see, then, that continuity is not simply a logical, rational or historical perspective; it is much more. It is a spiritual continuity in which the same, one and only People of God walk together, docile to the indications of the Holy Spirit. The hermeneutic of rupture is embraced by those who separate themselves from the community, who break that unity, whether because they stop short or go too far in advance. Benedict speaks of two extremes: the extreme of “anachronistic nostalgia” and that of “running too far ahead” (Mass for the Opening of the Year of Faith, 11 October 2012). They no longer listen to the Spirit, who calls for dynamic fidelity, but follow their own ideas, attaching themselves either only to what is old, or only to what is new, no longer knowing how to bring together old things and new, as the disciple of the kingdom of heaven does.
The newness of Pope Francis
After the great Popes who preceded him, Francis arrived on the scene. He is following in the footsteps of his predecessors – it is the seed that develops and grows. The Church goes forward. A lot of distorted or false news about Pope Francis has been circulated, as happened with his predecessor Benedict and with so many other Successors of Peter. Dogmas and commandments; the sacraments; the principles concerning the defense of life, the family, education: none of these have changed. Nor have the theological and cardinal virtues, or the seven deadly sins. In order to better understand the newness in continuity of Pope Francis, and to get past the distortions and outright falsehoods, it is necessary to read the Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii gaudium, the paradigmatic text of his pontificate. It begins: “The joy of the gospel fills the hearts and lives of all who encounter Jesus. Those who accept his offer of salvation are set free from sin, sorrow, inner emptiness and loneliness. With Christ joy is constantly born anew.” The very first thing is the joy of the encounter with Jesus, our Saviour.
A style of closeness and affectionate welcome that does not condemn
The Pope invites us “to recover the original freshness of the Gospel,” and to transmit it to all. He asks us to focus on the essential — love of God and of neighbour — avoiding a manner of proclamation “obsessed with the disjointed transmission of a multitude of doctrines to be insistently imposed.” “In this basic core,” he says, “what shines forth is the beauty of the saving love of God made manifest in Jesus Christ who died and rose from the dead.” He calls for the first proclamation to “ring out over and over”: “Jesus Christ loves you; He gave His life to save you; and now He is living at your side every day to enlighten, strengthen and free you.” The Pope calls for a style of “approachability, readiness for dialogue, patience, a warmth and welcome which is non-judgmental.” He points to an “‘art of accompaniment’ which teaches us to remove our sandals before the sacred ground of the other” which must see with a “compassionate gaze which also heals, liberates and encourages growth in the Christian life.”
The Eucharist: Not a reward for the perfect, but nourishment for the weak
Pope Francis desires a Church with open doors: “Nor should the doors of the Sacraments be closed for simply any reason.” Thus, the Eucharist, “although it is the fullness of sacramental life, is not a prize for the perfect but a powerful medicine and nourishment for the weak. These convictions have pastoral consequences that we are called to consider with prudence and boldness. Frequently, we act as arbiters of grace rather than its facilitators. But the Church is not a tollhouse; it is the house of the Father, where there is a place for everyone, with all their problems.” Hence the suggestion ndicated in the Apostolic Exhortation Amoris laetitia to open up paths of discernment, on a case-by-case basis, to consider the possible re-admission to the Sacraments for those who live in irregular situations. It is a step intended to draw people in and accompany them, by seeking the salvation of persons and the mercy of Jesus.
Norms can become stones, as happened with the woman caught in adultery. Certain questions today recall those asked of Jesus by the scribes and Pharisees two thousand years ago: “Teacher, this woman has been caught in the act of adultery. Now in the law Moses commanded us to stone such. What do you say about her?” We all know Jesus’s answer.
John Paul II: The Council will continue to bear fruit
Pope Francis is doing nothing more than continuing along the path of the Council. There is a spiritual continuity, because the Spirit continues to speak. “The ‘little seed’ which John XXIII planted … has grown and become a tree which now spreads its majestic and mighty branches in the Vineyard of the Lord,” said St John Paul II on 27 February 2000. "It has already produced many fruits … and it will produce many more in the years to come. A new season is dawning before our eyes … The Second Vatican Ecumenical Council was truly a prophetic message for the Church's life; it will continue to be so for many years in the third millennium which has just begun.”
John XXIII: The Church uses the medicine of mercy
It is the same today as yesterday. Opening the Council on 11 October 1962, St John XXIII affirmed, “It sometimes happens that We hear certain opinions which disturb Us—opinions expressed by people who, though fired with a commendable zeal for religion, are lacking in sufficient prudence and judgment in their evaluation of events. They can see nothing but calamity and disaster in the present state of the world. They say over and over that this modern age of ours, in comparison with past ages, is definitely deteriorating. One would think from their attitude that history, that great teacher of life, had taught them nothing. They seem to imagine that in the days of the earlier councils everything was as it should be so far as doctrine and morality and the Church's rightful liberty were concerned. We feel that We must disagree with these prophets of doom, who are always forecasting worse disasters, as though the end of the world were at hand.”
Speaking of errors of a doctrinal nature, he added, “The Church has always opposed these errors, and often condemned them with the utmost severity. Today, however, Christ's Bride prefers the balm of mercy to the arm of severity. She believes that, present needs are best served by explaining more fully the purport of her doctrines, rather than by publishing condemnations.”
Paul VI: For the Church
At the close of the Council, on 8 December 1965, St Paul VI, in his “universal” greeting, affirmed, “For the Catholic Church, no one is a stranger, no one is excluded, no one is far away… Our universal greeting goes out to you, men who do not know us, men who do not understand us, men who do not regard us as useful, necessary or friendly. This greeting goes also to you, men who, while perhaps thinking they are doing good, are opposed to us. A sincere greeting, and unassuming greeting but one filled with hope and, today, please believe that it is filled with esteem and love… Behold, this is our greeting. May it rise as a new spark of divine charity in our hearts, a spark which may enkindle the principles, doctrine and proposals which the council has organized and which, thus inflamed by charity, may really produce in the Church and in the world that renewal of thoughts, activities, conduct, moral force and hope and joy which was the very scope of the Council.”
Good words in difficult times
At this time, in which the Catholic Church is particularly affected by conflicts and division, we would do well to remember St Paul’s exhortations to the first Christian communities. He reminds the Galatians that “the whole law is fulfilled in one word, ‘You shall love your neighbour as yourself.’” But, he continues, “if you bite and devour one another take heed that you are not consumed by one another. But I say, walk by the Spirit, and do not gratify the desires of the flesh” (Gal 5:14-16). And to the Ephesians he adds, “Let no evil talk come out of your mouths, but only such as is good for edifying, as fits the occasion, that it may impart grace to those who hear. And do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, in whom you were sealed for the day of redemption. Let all bitterness and wrath and anger and clamour and slander be put away from you, with all malice, and be kind to one another, tender-hearted, forgiving one another, as God in Christ forgave you” (Eph 4:29-32).
What would happen if we were to put this Word into practice without trying to explain it away?
This is a working translation from the Italian original. | <urn:uuid:c121203e-068d-4996-853e-f04ee4ba1fa8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vaticannews.va/en/church/news/2020-07/vatican-council-ii-a-seed-that-continues-to-grow.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.971423 | 3,242 | 1.765625 | 2 |
New Pepi Tree Apk Download
Pepi tree is an educational sport wherein kids explore tree-dwelling animals and their conduct in a amusing manner.
the application has an academic historical past that specialize in a tree as an eco-machine or – the use of easier phrases – a domestic for different animals. Youngsters get to recognize many information about them: what they appear like, what they devour and how they get their food, in which exactly they stay – within the branches, at the leaves or below the floor, once they sleep and extra.
inspire your youngsters gambling and getting friends with those lovable tree inhabitants – a bit caterpillar, an owl, a spider, the squirrels, a hedgehog and a mole.
Last Pepi Tree Apk Full
– 6 one-of-a-kind games, some with more stages inner;
– 6 authentic song tracks and sounds youll love;
– greater than 20 cute characters;
– stunning illustrations and animations;
– desires no translation;
– no policies, win or lose conditions;
– no 1/3-celebration marketing;
– no in app purchases;
endorsed ages: three-7
view pepi tree video: http://www. Pepiplay. Com/apps | <urn:uuid:ed7c1790-7fbe-4ab2-ac1c-b6d038001fb7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://boldscripts.com/new-pepi-tree-apk-download/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.907019 | 273 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Bai-Ka is dedicated to providing a space of collaboration, education, workshops, creativity, and production of original works by Immigrant/International Artists.
Established at the beginning of year 2021, amidst the pandemic, Bai-Ka’s objective is to cultivate opportunities in the art sector, battling the shutdowns of various art institutions.
To create means to reinvigorate, interrogate and empower. The absence of voice leads to its capture and erasure.
Bai-Ka is located in New York City, the ancestral land of the Munsee Lenape. | <urn:uuid:05387c5f-e05a-4457-8499-1bbf13bc4791> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bai-ka.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.929437 | 128 | 1.515625 | 2 |
- Status Report
- August 12, 2022
NASA Space Station On-Orbit Status 15 April, 2020 – Three Crew Members Leave Tomorrow
NASA astronauts Andrew Morgan and Jessica Meir and Oleg Skripochka of the Russian space agency Roscosmos are preparing to depart the International Space Station Thursday evening in their Soyuz MS-15 spacecraft and return to Earth.
Today the Expedition 62 crew conducted a change of command ceremony in which Skripochka ceremonially handed command of the orbiting laboratory to newly arrived NASA astronaut Chris Cassidy. Expedition 63, a three-person crew of Cassidy and Roscosmos cosmonauts Anatoly Ivanishin and Ivan Vagner, begins when the Soyuz departs the station Thursday.
NASA Television and the agency’s website will provide live coverage beginning at 6 p.m. EDT April 16 as the departing crew members say farewell and close the hatches between their Soyuz and the spacecraft at about 6:30 p.m.
NASA coverage will resume at 9:30 p.m. prior to the trio undocking the Soyuz from the aft port of the station’s Zvezda service module at 9:53 p.m. At midnight, NASA TV will return to provide coverage during the deorbit burn at 12:22 a.m. Friday, April 17, that will put the Soyuz on course for a parachute-assisted landing at 1:16 a.m. (11:16 a.m. Kazakhstan time) on the steppe of Kazakhstan, southeast of the remote town of Dzhezkazgan.
On-Orbit Status Report
Functional Immune: Dry saliva collection was performed in support of the Functional Immune investigation. The Functional Immune Alterations, Latent Herpesvirus Reactivation, Physiological Stress and Clinical Incidence Onboard the International Space Station (Functional Immune) investigation analyzes blood and saliva samples to determine the changes taking place in crew members’ immune systems during flight.
ISS Experience: In preparation for capturing an event later this week, the crew reviewed material containing goals of the investigation, guidelines, and an overview of the hardware it uses. The ISS Experience creates a virtual reality film documenting daily life aboard the ISS. The 8 to 10 minute videos created from footage taken during the six-month investigation cover different aspects of crew life, execution of science aboard the station, and the international partnerships involved. The ISS Experience uses a Z-CAM V1 Pro Cinematic Virtual Reality (VR) 360-degree camera with nine 190° fisheye lenses.
Repository: The crew performed sample collections in support of the repository investigation. The NASA Biological Specimen Repository (Repository) investigation is a storage bank that is used to maintain biological specimens over extended periods of time and under well-controlled conditions. This repository supports scientific discovery that contributes to our fundamental knowledge in the area of human physiological changes and adaptation to a microgravity environment and provides unique opportunities to study longitudinal changes in human physiology spanning many missions.
Environmental Health System (EHS) Microbial Air and Surface Sampling: The crew took surface and air samples for microbial analysis using the Microbial Air Sampler (MAS) and Surface Sample Kit (SSK). These samples will be incubated in Petri dishes, giving medical personnel a gauge of microbial growth in the air and on surfaces of the ISS. The EHS monitors the atmosphere for gaseous contaminants from nonmetallic materials off-gassing, combustion products, and propellants, microbial contaminants from crewmembers and Station activities, water quality, acoustics, and radiation levels.
Change of Command Ceremony: Today, the ISS Crew participated in a Change of Command Ceremony during which Expedition 62 Commander Oleg Skripochka handed over command of the ISS to Expedition 63 Commander Chris Cassidy. Oleg Skripochka, Jessica Meir and Drew Morgan will return to Earth Thursday night/Friday morning on 61S. Undocking is scheduled for 8:53 pm CT Thursday evening with the landing in Kazakhstan scheduled early Friday morning at 12:17 am CT.
Completed Task List Activities:
Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Resize
Today’s Ground Activities:
All activities are complete unless otherwise noted.
LSR Rack Activation Support Commanding
Look Ahead Plan
Thursday, 4/16 (GMT 107)
61S Departure Ops
Emergency Hardware Relocate from SM Aft
Friday, 4/17 (GMT 108)
No utilization items
No systems activities
Saturday, 4/18 (GMT 109)
ISS Experience stow
USOS Window Shutter Close
Today’s Planned Activities:
All activities are complete unless otherwise noted.
HRF Generic Saliva and Urine Collections
HRF Generic MELFI Sample Retrieval And Insertion Operations
OMIKi-SPK. Capillary Blood Collection
Functional Immune Saliva Collection Dry Booklet
HRF Generic HRF Centrifuge Frozen Blood Collection Ops
JEM Ethernet Hub Unit Power Cable Reconfiguration
CARDIOVECTOR. Experiment Session and Photos during preparation
Check and maintain comm from Soyuz 744 via RGS (VHF2)
JAXA Mouse Mission 5 Item Consolidation
Maintenance of SM АСП-О Hatch Sealing Mechanism and Soyuz 744 Active Docking Assembly [ACA] Hatch cover
Sanitary-Hygiene Status Monitoring
Magnetic 3D-bioprinter. Experiment Session 2 cleanup ops.
Environmental Health System (EHS) – Surface Sample Kit (SSK) Collection/Incubation and Microbial Air Sampler (MAS) Kit Sample Collection
Veggie Monitoring Surface Sample Collection Historical Documentation Photography
Crew Departure Preparations for Return to Earth
LBNP Exercise (CLOSEOUT)
Magnetic 3D-bioprinter. Gathering and transfer of Cuvettes No.1 and Cuvettes No.2 kits to Soyuz
Microbial Air Sampling (sample collection) Download
ISS Crew Orientation
Food Acceptability Survey
ISS Experience Payload Review
Inventory Management System (IMS) Conference
KORREKTSIYA. Actimeter battery charging
Transfer of items for 61S from USOS crew to RSOS crew.
Familiarization with onboard computer network (Auxiliary Computer Systems)
Soyuz 744 Stowage Ops for Return. Note 8
Public Affairs Office (PAO) Event in High Definition (HD) – JEM
Soyuz 745 Transfers and IMS Ops
Food Physiology Crew Diet Briefing & Work Area Prep
Soyuz 744 P/L container transfer operations Report
Food Physiology Fecal Sample Collection (Review, Setup, Stow)
Food Physiology MELFI Sample Insertion
HRF Generic Ambient Blood Collection Setup
Signing ISS RS Handover Protocol
Change of Command
Standard Measures Pre/Post-sleep Questionnaire
Soyuz 744 [СА] cooling down prior to descent | <urn:uuid:c19bffdd-a598-4fb5-8515-a97363e8612d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://spaceref.com/space-stations/nasa-space-station-on-orbit-status-15-april-2020-three-crew-members-leave-tomorrow/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.805042 | 1,534 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), also known in medical literature as Alzheimer disease, is the most common form of dementia. There is no cure for the disease, which worsens as it progresses, and eventually leads to death. It was first described by German psychiatrist and neuropathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906 and was named after him. Most often, AD is diagnosed in people over 65 years of age, although the less-prevalent early-onset Alzheimer’s can occur much earlier. In 2006, there were 26.6 million sufferers worldwide. Alzheimer’s is predicted to affect 1 in 85 people globally by 2050.
Although Alzheimer’s disease develops differently for every individual, there are many common symptoms. Early symptoms are often mistakenly thought to be ‘age-related’ concerns, or manifestations of stress. In the early stages, the most common symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events. When AD is suspected, the diagnosis is usually confirmed with tests that evaluate behaviour and thinking abilities, often followed by a brain scan if available, however, examination of brain tissue is required for a definitive diagnosis. As the disease advances, symptoms can include confusion, irritability, aggression, mood swings, trouble with language, and long-term memory loss. As the sufferer declines they often withdraw from family and society. Gradually, bodily functions are lost, ultimately leading to death. Since the disease is different for each individual, predicting how it will affect the person is difficult. AD develops for an unknown and variable amount of time before becoming fully apparent, and it can progress undiagnosed for years. On average, the life expectancy following diagnosis is approximately seven years. Fewer than three percent of individuals live more than fourteen years after diagnosis. | <urn:uuid:e6e67d1b-820d-4c02-a636-b7e649992ee8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bigacare.com/alzheimers-disease/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.974044 | 362 | 3.640625 | 4 |
I needed something to remove the smoke when soldering and build this USB powered solder fume fan lamp with an ESP8266 arduino, WS2812b/Neopixels, a fan with an active coal filter and a PIR sensor.
Scad/svg files are available on Thingiverse.
The case is lasercutted in 4 mm plywood.
When there is no movement beneath the lamp the fan turns off after e.g. 60 seconds (can be extended to e.g. 1800 when holding down the fan button) and the LED turns off after 1800 seconds of inactivity. The LED intensity can be dimmed by holding down the LED button.
* 4 mm plywood for the laser cutted case
* Ikea Forså lamp ( https://www.ikea.com/us/en/catalog/products/80146777/ )
* WS2812b / Neopixel strip (30 LED/m, 12 LED’s are used for the lamp. I bought it on Ali Express)
* Level shifter from 3.3 V to 5 V for the 3.3 V output from the PIR sensor (https://www.adafruit.com/product/757 I bougt it on AliExpress)
* 1.5 mF capacitor betwen +5 V and ground near the Neopixels, for evening out voltage drops and ripple from the USB power.
* PIR sensor (https://www.adafruit.com/product/189 I bought it on AliExpress)
* Fan (80 mm, 12 V. It was just laying around)
* Wemos D1 mini (https://www.wemos.cc/product/d1-mini.html)
* Wemos ProtoBoard (https://www.wemos.cc/product/protoboard.html)
* Wemos RelayShield for turning the fan on and off (https://www.wemos.cc/product/relay-shield.html)
* MT3608 DC-DC Step Up Power Module from AliE for the power for the 12 V fan
* Activated coal filter (adjusted the size with a scissor) (https://www.conrad.de/de/aktivkohlefilter-3teilig-toolcraft-79-7201-588546.html i bought it on AliE)
* two push buttons, connecting the pins from the ESP8266 to ground.
* USB cable
* A few strips, pig tail wires, bolt and nuts etc.
The case is glued together with normal wood glue and the PIR sensor and the WS2812b Neopixel strips are glued against the case with cyanoacrylate. The DC-DC converter is fixed with a cable tie. The Wemos D1 mini is fixed with a small bolt through a drilled hole in the ProtoBoard. The capacitor and the level shifter is glued with a hot glue gun. Be aware that there is very little room for the boards and the wires. If I were to build it again I would make some more room.
Also the “stack” of the Wemos ProtoBoard, D1 mini and RelayShield is higher than the fan + activated coal filter, so it sticks out of the top, which I think is fine. All the parts do not need to be hidden away for the eye to see 🙂
The software is available at:
Since the ESP8266/Wemos D1 mini has wifi capability future improvements of the software will of course be to make it controllable via wifi 🙂 | <urn:uuid:057a86d8-ad57-4ed7-810a-ce85a07de446> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.sman.dk/2016/11/02/solder-fume-lamp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.836752 | 795 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Four load balancing strategies are supported to
distribute statements over the configured MySQL slave servers:
Chooses a random server whenever a statement is
- random once (default)
Chooses a random server after the first statement
is executed, and uses the decision for the rest of the PHP
It is the default, and the lowest impact on the
- round robin
Iterates over the list of configured servers.
- user-defined via callback
Is used to implement any other strategy.
Servers can be prioritized assigning a weight. A
server that has been given a weight of two will get twice as many
requests as a server that has been given the default weight of one.
Prioritization can be handy in heterogenous environments. For
example, you may want to assign more requests to a powerful machine
than to a less powerful. Or, you may have configured servers that
are close or far from the client, thus expose different | <urn:uuid:8c860897-9425-49d7-9e45-17c9e257fcc7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.instarr.in/mysqlnd-ms-php-loadbalancing-0/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.835682 | 234 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Jump to navigation Jump to search
|Used on these elements|
|Tools for this tag|
The sauna:heating key is used in combination with the sauna=* key to describe the method of heating in the sauna.
See below for details of commonly used values:
|sauna:heating=once||The sauna is heated before using it and heating is not continued during usage.|
|sauna:heating=continuous||Heating the sauna is continued during usage.|
Multiple values in the same location should be separated with a semicolon. | <urn:uuid:d8457b85-9b38-4a5e-824c-a51ff36f8182> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Key:sauna:heating | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.762837 | 172 | 1.554688 | 2 |
COPD can be difficult to treat. Doctors say one approach to helping patients may have nothing to do with medications.
The reason it's so hard for people with COPD to breathe is because the disease causes damage to the lungs over several years. And it can involve a mix of more than one type of lung disease, causing airways to become inflamed and irritated.
Tackling stairs, Kay Ferguson starts her day with a 10-minute trek, toting around a 28-lb. oxygen tank, and that's just the beginning of her day.
The pandas at the San Diego Zoo give Kay the motivation to stay healthy.
"This is Gal Gal. He's my terrible two-year-old," she said. "Bears keep me coming to work every day."
After 15 years as narrator at the panda exhibit, Kay had to take a break when her COPD took over.
"At first, I didn't want to survive," she said.
Although Kay gave up smoking 25 years ago, the 30 years she did light up caught up with her. She became housebound --until she found rehab could get her back to her bears.
A new way of treating COPD takes a natural approach.
At the University of California-San Diego pulmonary rehabilitation program, patients focus on exercise and weight training. The key is to find out what motivates each person.
"When you do that, people feel better able to do life," said Trina Limberg, UC San Diego respiratory therapist.
Therapists help the patients do more and be more aware of their body while doing it.
"People don't think taking a shower is exercise, but if you have a lung disease, and you have limited air flow, it's exercise," said Limberg.
Also, what you put into your body can make a difference. New research finds 100 milligrams of ginseng per day for three months improved a patient's ability to exercise. Vitamins C, D and E help reduce inflammation, and kali mur eases wet coughs.
Japanese researchers have found that omega-3 fatty acids decreased inflammation in the airway and helped more than 64 percent of patients breathe easier.
Exercising, eating right and incorporating oxygen into her daily routine got Kay back on track.
"It should make you work harder for your life," said Kay.
And it's the work with her pandas that will keep Kay moving for many years to come.
" I love my job," she said.
Eating more than 60 grams of soy in foods like tofu and bean sprouts also decreases breathing attacks.
Experts say patients with COPD tend to have a higher rate of depression, and in one study, St. John's wort was shown to help elevate their mood.Smoking is the most common cause of COPD. | <urn:uuid:0897abb9-e91e-4f0b-a997-429887b32877> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://abc7chicago.com/archive/8472505/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.973659 | 591 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Gwalior fort is the most well-known monument of Gwalior City Madhya Pradesh. The Fort located on top of the hill Gopalchanl. Suraj Sen was the first king of this fort.
This fort was contracted by red sand stone. It can visible from every direction of the city. There are two way to reach in fort. First gate called Gwalior gate, you can reach by walking through this gate. For vehicle you can only reach through Urvai gate which is very high and thin. Around the road we can see very beautifully and closely designed statues of Jain Tirthankar on big rock. Fort three hundred fifty feet elevation is witness to the fort unbowed. The internal design of the fort is wonderful examples of medieval architecture. Gujri Mahal is one of them built in 15th century which is symbol of deep love between Raja Man Singh and Gujariya Queen Mrignayani. The outer part of the castle in its original kept safe by the State Archaeology Department but internal part changed in the Museum where rare ancient’s cultures are priced according to carbon dating of the first 20th century AD. These rare sculptures are obtained from nearby areas of Gwalior.
Over the past 100 years, the fort is located in Gwalior. One of India's most impermeable forts passed through many hands. It is built on sandstone hills and spared 100 meters on plains area. The outer wall of the fort is about 2 miles long and its width ranges from 1 kilometer to 200 meters. The walls of the fort are very steep ascents. The turmoil of the era fort has witnessed many Ldaiyon it in times of peace as well as numerous festivals are also celebrated. The rulers did justice to the fort, which many people held captive. The event will be held in Fort gorgeous but Jahron rip ears are voices.
Entry fees and Visiting Time of Gwalior Fort
Adult Indian: - 75 per person
Children Indian: - 40 per person for children
Foreign tourists: - 250 per person for
Timings: - 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM All days of the week | <urn:uuid:3d63ead1-ac51-4b8c-a8b5-bfe2c635c8de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fpinfo.in/search/label/Madhya%20Pradesh | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.967354 | 463 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Blessed Sr. Marta Wiecka Daughter of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul
Sister Marta Wiecka was only thirty years old when she died. But in that short time she achieved great sanctity. Her whole life as a Daughter of Charity was dedicated to serving the sick in a Vincentian spirit of humility, simplicity and charity.
Marta Wiecka was born 12 January 1874 in Nowy Wiec, the administrative district of Kościerzyna in the region of Pomorze. She was the third of 13 children in the family of a wealthy landowner Marcello Wiecki and his wife Paolina Kamrowska Wiecka. Marta was baptized six days after her birth on 18 January 1874, in the parish church of Szczodrowo.
Since 1772 a large part of Poland was divided and occupied by several of its more powerful neighboring states. The region were the Wiecka family lived was under the control of Prussia, which tried to suppress the national and Catholic identity of Poland through a program ofKulturkampf (fight for culture). As part of Kulturkampf, schools were forbidden to teach the Polish language, Polish history, and the Catholic faith. The Wiecka family, like many others, was staunchly Catholic and Polish. So Marta learned about her Polish identity and her Catholic faith from her family. She was nourished by family prayer in common, spiritual reading and studies of each Sunday’s homily.
The Wiecka family had a great devotion to Mary, the Mother of God. When Marta was two years old she became very ill. After medical intervention failed, the Wiecka family turned to Mary, the Mother of God of Piseczno to intercede on behalf of their little Marta. Miraculously, she was healed. All her life Marta had a great love for the Blessed Mother and often turned to her for help. And it seems that Mary never disappointed her.
As a child Marta cheerfully help her mother with domestic chores. Neighbors admired the child for her prayerfulness, good character, kindness and optimism which she shared with those around her. Family and friends knew that Marta was an ardent admirer of Saint John Nepomucen. They often saw her standing, immersed in prayer, in front of a wayside shrine to the saint. Throughout her life she cherished the prayer to St. John Nepomucen which she had learned as a child from the parish priest.
On 3 October 1866 Marta made her first Holy Communion. From then on, Jesus became the center of her life. Whenever she had a chance to attend Mass, she never hesitated to walk the 12 kilometers to the parish church in Skarszewy. At home she often spent time in prayer. During this period her mother was often ill. So it fell to Marta to take care of her younger siblings who called her their ‶second mum.”
Following her call
When Marta was sixteen she decided to become a Daughter of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul. But when she visited the Daughters of Charity in the nearby city of Chelmo, she learned to her disappointment that she was too young to enter.
Two years later Marta tried once again to join the Daughters of Charity, this time with her friend Monika Gdaniec. Because the Prussian government restricted the number of aspirants a religious community in Chelmo could accept, Marta and her friend approached the Daughters of Charity in Krakow. They were accepted. So at the age of 18 Marta left her beloved family to begin her life as a Daughter of Charity.
On 26 April 1892 Marta was accepted as a postulant at the Provincial House of the Daughters of Charity at number 8 Warszawska Street in Krakow. Her next stage of formation began a few months later on 12 August when she entered the Seminary (novitiate). Over the next eight months, she learned the spirit of the Daughters of Charity which would guide the rest of her life.
On 12 April 1893 Sr. Marta received the habit of the Daughters of Charity and was sent on her first mission to a hospital in Lviv. Once there she quickly gained the reputation as a Sister who loved her patients and serve them with great devotion.
A year and a half later on 15 November 1894, she was missioned again to a hospital in Podhajce. Here for the next five years she tirelessly served the sick as a good nurse and a faithful Daughter of Charity.
On 15 August 1897 she made her first vows as a Daughter of Charity, sealing her commitment to serve God in the person of the poorest of the poor.
Under the burden of accusation
In 1899 Sr. Marta was missioned to the Daughters of Charity house in Bochnia. The Sister Servant (local superior) of this house was Sr. Maria Chabło, who in time would become a very important advocate for Sr. Marta.
Around this time Sr. Marta had a vision of our Lord Jesus on the cross. He urged her to patiently endure adversity and promised that one day she would come to Him. This experience increased Sr. Marta’s dedication to her ministry and inspired in her a longing for Heaven.
Not long after the vision of our Lord, the adversity which it predicted appeared. A disturbed man, recently released from the hospital where Sr. Marta ministered, began telling people that she was pregnant after having an affair with one of her patients – a student who was a nephew of the parish priest. Faced with this obscured accusation Sr. Marta still had to live and work surrounded by libelous gossip. As a matter of principle the Sister Servant of the house Sr Maria sought to keep Sr Marta in Bohnia in order to prove her innocence in time. Throughout this trying time Sr Marta never stopped serving the sick with her usual gentleness and care. She bore this insult with serene patience relying all the while entirely on God.
The Charism of Sr. Marta
After the situation in Bohnia fade away, Sr. Marta was sent to serve at the hospital in the town of Śniatyn. It was not long before her reputation for holiness and wisdom attracted the attention of the local priest. Soon he began sending to Sr. Marta parishioners with problems and spiritual crises. In her these people found the help they needed both spiritually and physically. She did all of this while still faithfully fulfilled her hospital duties.
Sister Marta loved her vocation. She exuded joy and satisfaction while serving the sick. Always smiling, full of patience and goodness, she brought spiritual as well as physical relief to the suffering. She found time to teach the sick about the Catholic faith, to help them prepare to receive the sacraments and to pray with them. When she led the Way of the Cross in the hospital chapel as many as 40 patients would attend.
Sr. Marta had the unusual gift of helping people to be reconciled with God. No one in her department died without first receiving the sacrament of reconciliation. Often Jewish patients under her care would ask to be baptized. For Sr. Marta all of her patients were equally important, regardless of whether they were Polish, Ukrainian, Jewish, Orthodox or Catholic. She served all of them with the same love, drawing strength for this from her deep prayer life.
Just as the life of Sr. Marta abounded with acts of selfless love, and so too did her death. During an epidemic of typhoid fever a young man, who was a nurse and a father, was given the dangerous duty of disinfecting the room of a person ill with typhoid. Seeing this man’s fear for himself and his family, Sr. Marta volunteered to take his place. This generosity would cost her her life. She came ill with typhoid. As she lay dying, everyone who knew her prayed for her recovery. Even Jews from the local synagogue held a special prayer service for her. Those with her at the time said that she was in ecstasy after receiving her Lord in Holy Communion for the last time. Sr. Marta died on 30 May 1904 in Śniatyn.
At the time of her death Sr Marta was, to the many people who knew her, a very special person. Time has proved that they were right. People of all ages, nationalities and confessions came to visit her grave. And they still come today, convinced that she will help them in their difficulties. And often they are rewarded for their trust in her help with an answer to their prayers.
The Vincentian Family organizes a pilgrimage to the tomb of the Blessed Martha Weicka in Sniatyn the eighth year consecutively. More than 1000 pilgrims came on May 27-28 to pray and ask for the grace with the patronage of the Blessed. | <urn:uuid:e65d6521-bcdf-4cc8-8eb2-15aaa04f07fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rkc.lviv.ua/category_2.php?cat_1=8&cat_2=99&lang=4 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.984493 | 1,878 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Group picture during socially distance lunch, June 2021.
From left to right: Yi Ding, Josephine Spiegelberg, Megan Cowie, Yacine Benkirane, Avya Stolow, José Bustamante, Logan Fairgrieve-Park, Catherine Boisvert.
The Grutter group is one of the internationally leading groups in the development of atomic force microscopes (AFM) and its application to understanding how nanoscale objects can be used for information storage and processing (the field commonly known as nanoelectronics). AFMs are a unique tool for the nanoscale: they are capable of imaging, measuring properties and manipulating nano objects such as single electrons, individual molecules or individual neuronal synapses in almost any environment. A dynamic, creative and highly collaborative team builds or adapts AFM hardware to investigate and manipulate:
the behaviour of individual electrons in quantum dots (relevant for quantum information processing or catalysis)
how one or a few single molecules conduct electricity and how this depends on the atomic structure of the contacts and interaction with light (relevant for fundamental understanding of charge transport in molecules or to probe the fundamental limits of organic photovoltaics),
ions by combining electrochemistry and atomic resolution imaging (relevant to fundamental understanding of the solid-liquid interface or the rate limiting diffusionof Li ion in battery cathodes)
individual live neurons (to understand synapse formation or develop a new method to repair neurons after injury or disease).
The Grutter group is motivated by exciting fundamental ‘big’ science questions. It is also interested in translating the scientific discoveries to societal relevance including commercial applications. Past team members have gone on to very successful careers in academia, industry or government. | <urn:uuid:72fc20b9-22d2-4c27-934d-f8216b4ecc7a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://spm.physics.mcgill.ca/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.890415 | 353 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Workers across America (and the world) owe a great debt to the work of Labor Unions. 40 Hour Work Weeks? Thank Unions. Labor Day? Thank Unions. A generally safer and more equal work environment? Thank Unions.
We here at JCALPRO work a lot with the IATSE Local 11, based a few minutes down the road here in South Boston, so for this Blog Post I wanted to give a brief overview of IATSE’s one hundred and twenty-six year history, and help shed some light on one of the largest and oldest Labor Unions in the US (and beyond).
The Founding of IATSE
If you look up the history of IATSE online, you’ll find a lot of official sources dating their founding to 1893. And while IATSE, then the National Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, was officially founded in 1893, the history of IATSE really begins in 1886.
In New York City, members of the Theatrical Protective Union of New York went on strike. They had a number of reasons, such as workers being forced to work outside of their field of expertise, but one of their main goals was to achieve a $1 a day wage. In response, producers from various theaters, such as the Academy of Music, hired strikebreakers. However, those producers got exactly what they paid for when a set built by the scabs toppled over on then famous Actor Louis James. After this, numerous actors (including James) refused to continue working until the striking stagehands were re-hired. This show of solidarity worked, and the strikers were rehired after most of their demands were met.
Following this success, representatives of stagehands from eleven cities (New York, Boston, Chicago, Pittsburgh, Brooklyn, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Denver, Philadelphia, Syracuse, and Buffalo) met at the Elks Hall in New York in 1893 to discuss working conditions within the Industry. On June 17th, the National Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees was founded.
The Union soon expanded from original 11 locals (including Boston’s Local 11) when, in 1896, the Los Angeles Theatrical Workers Union joined the National Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees. Then, in 1898, the Union welcomed two Canadian Locals (the Montreal Local 56 and Toronto Local 58) into the fold. In 1902, with their reach still growing, the National Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees swapped out “National” for “International”, and became the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (IATSE).
Important Developments and Achievements
You don’t get to be the size of IATSE without a little bit of innovation. So, listed below are a few achievements that helped IATSE grow throughout the 19th and 20th century:
- 1895: The National Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees creates the “Home Rule”, which established that “no other members of locals [were] allowed to work within the jurisdiction of other locals without (their) consent.” In essence, IATSE members from Chicago could work in New York without the New York Local’s consent, or unless all New York members were already employed, and vice versa.
- 1912: IATSE develops the “Yellow Card” system, allowing individuals travelling with attractions to send basic information (such as the size of the show) ahead to local crews at the next destination. This system, still in use today, assured that there would be enough union crews ready to staff each theater.
- 1933 – 1938: IATSE is recruited by the National Recovery Administration (NRA) to help establish an industrial code of conduct for the entertainment industry. This resulted in four Codes, including The Code of Fair Competition for the Motion Picture Industry, which shortened working hours and spread out work. In 1938, this partnership also produced the Fair Labor Standards Act, which gave workers a 44-hour work week (which would be shortened to 40 by 1941).
- 1996: On November 6th, IATSE and the Association of Independent Commercial Producers, Inc. (AICP) signed the first-ever agreement between the two organizations, establishing rules for wages and working conditions within the Film and Television industries for production technicians and artisans.
National and Local Organization
The organization of IATSE can be broken down generally into two parts: the National Organization, primarily through Departments, and the Locals.
- Stagecraft – Represents workers for both behind the scenes and front-of house work at live venues
- Motion Picture and TV Production – Represents workers with a variety of roles such as set construction, audio recording, editing, and animation, to name just a few
- Trade-show – Represents workers who install and dismantle various conventions and trade shows, both large and small.
- Canadian Affairs – Oversees all Canadian affairs and supports the members of IATSE’s 40 Canadian locals through negotiation, training, and more.
- Education and Training – Facilitates ongoing learning by promoting work shops and skills courses for current members, while also reaching out to high school and college students.
- Communications – Maintains IATSE’s website, social media channels, and email program, while also working to promote and share the hard work of other locals and departments.
- Broadcast – Represents workers who specialize in live television and sports broadcasting.
- Political Action – Maintains IATSE’s political influence through Advocacy, policy, and grassroots actions.
Locals are smaller groups that make up IATSE as a whole. They operate autonomously, and have their own constitutions, by-laws, elections and dues, among other things.
Locals, like Boston’s Local 11, also negotiate work contracts on behalf of their members, provide training courses and administer health/retirements funds to their members. I think the Local 11’s mission statement sums all of this up pretty neatly:
“We are dedicated to the principals of trade unionism.
Our object is to unite all workers within its jurisdiction for the following purposes:
1. To improve their wages and hours of work, to increase their job security, and to better their working conditions.
2. To advance their economic, social, and cultural interests.
3. To establish peaceful and harmonious relations between its members and their employers and to increase the stability of the industry.
4. To assure full employment.
5. To promote and support democracy and trade unionism.
6. To engage in such other activities as may be necessary or proper to strengthen the labor movement and to extend the process of collective bargaining throughout all trades and industries.”
Sorry that this wasn’t exactly a brief history, but there’s a whole lot to cover when it comes to organizations like IATSE. Even after all of this, I’ve only really scratched the surface of IATSE’s history, so if this primer has piqued your interest, I recommend looking further into the history of IATSE and other organizations like the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO). Labor Unions and similar organizations have made important contributions to American life, and understanding their history will help you to understand their impact, and what steps can be taken now to continue improving the workplace for everyone.
IATSE Local 11’s Website: Link IATSE National’s Website: Link “IATSE Celebrates its 125th Anniversary”, Stage Directions: Link “History of Labor Day”, Department of Labor: Link AFL-CIO’s Website: Link | <urn:uuid:5f5d644a-0a81-46c7-bcd4-ae9e2aa16ee8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jcalpro.com/2019/09/a-brief-history-of-iatse/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.951515 | 1,624 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Women’s History Lecture: Two Elizas in Old New York (1875) | Eliza Greatorex/Picturing Eliza Jumel’s Mansion with Professor Katherine Manthorne
Where: Morris-Jumel Mansion
65 Jumel Terrace
212-923-8008 Price: Free, needs RSVP
Buy tickets/get more info now
See other events in these categories:
Join as Professor Katherine Manthorne explores the interconnected lives of two influential women from 19th Century New York, Eliza Jumel and Eliza Pratt Greatorex. Eliza Jumel, a self-made woman who used her intellect to become one of the richest women in New York, was the mansion’s longest living resident. Four years after Jumel’s death, Eliza Pratt Greatorex was one of America’s most famous women artists and only female member of the National Academy of Design. Professor Manthorne’s illustrated presentation focuses on Pratt Greatorex’s folio volume Old New York: From the Battery to Bloomingdale (1875) in which the artist depicted the city’s threatened architectural landmarks during the post-Civil War building boom, including Morris-Jumel Mansion and its grounds. Enjoy this special preview of Manthorne’s forthcoming book, Restless Enterprise: The Art and Life of Eliza Pratt Greatorex, which will be published in January 2021.
Katherine Manthorne is a Professor of Art History at the Graduate Center, City University of New York, and specialist in American art and culture with attention to the contribution of women. Soon to be published by University of California Press in Jan. 2021, her book, “Restless Enterprise: The Art and Life of Eliza Pratt Greatorex,” brings back to life this feisty, remarkable figure and her extensive network.Buy tickets/get more info now | <urn:uuid:9e53fcb1-20d7-48a2-a2c7-d041c9f7fee3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thoughtgallery.org/events/womens-history-lecture-two-elizas-in-old-new-york-1875-eliza-greatorex-picturing-eliza-jumels-mansion-with-professor-katherine-manthorne/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.909306 | 406 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Effects of Multidisciplinary Education and Extracurricular Activities on Career Adaptability of University Students.
We analyzed the effects of grade, gender, and extracurricular activities on career adaptability among students at the Faculty of Human Health Science in order to understand and elucidate the career development of university students. We distributed a questionnaire to 509 students (333 responded, response rate: 65.4%). A factorial analysis of variance was performed to evaluate career adaptability based on grade type. However, Career adaptability of grade 2 students was significantly lower than others. Furthermore, career adaptability scores were evaluated using the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CA), Career Resilience Scale (CR), and Career Indecision Scale (CI). Multiple regression analysis with CA, CR, and CI scores as dependent variables, while controlling for grade, gender, and extracurricular activities, revealed that extracurricular activities are a significant predictor of CA, CR, and CI sub-scales. Consequently, our study demonstrates that extracurricular activities based on multidisciplinary education are an effective factor to facilitate the career adaptability development of the target population. It is also pivotal to consider support that caters to the needs of university students to aid them in career development.
Departmental Bulletin Paper | <urn:uuid:00e804ea-d7b8-4d3a-b977-e3d5497637a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://harp.lib.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/hbg/detail/1260420220331153902 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.821665 | 664 | 2.078125 | 2 |
An international research collaboration led by the University of Southampton will unlock the potential of innovative smart textiles for use across a range of high growth industries.
The €5.5 million SmartT programme brings together specialists from the UK and France to advance functional inks for new applications in fashion, sport, safety ware, advertising and mapmaking.
The three-year project combines the University of Southampton’s expertise in Organic Chemistry and Electronics and Computer Science under the direction of Professor David Harrowven and Professor Steve Beeby.
SmartT aims to make over 100 smart inks that each emit different coloured light following electrical stimulation, creating a colour chart spanning the entire visible spectrum from red to violet and beyond into the ultraviolet region.
Scientists will also work at the atomic level, aided by high-performance computation, to deliver a drug-free bandage that delivers superbug-killing UV irradiation. The prototype could represent a vital solution to growing the worldwide issue of antimicrobial resistance.
Professor Beeby, Head of the Smart Electronic Materials and Systems (SEMS) group, says: “This collaboration will enable us to develop some unique screen printable inks suitable for use on flexible and textile substrates. It is particularly relevant to our e-textiles research activities and this project will enable results to be rapidly evaluated in real applications.”
Southampton’s leadership in electronic textiles and energy harvesting was recently recognised in the award of a prestigious Chair in Emerging Technologies from the Royal Academy of Engineering. Professor Beeby is one of just eight UK-based researchers to share funding worth a total of £22 million to support disruptive innovations with the potential to considerably benefit society and the UK economy.
Smart e-textiles are produced by embedding pixels (OLECs) that emit light when stimulated electrically. Each pixel has a sandwich structure comprised of five layers.
The top and bottom layers are colourless polymer coatings designed to protect the functional inner layers from scratching, oxidation by air or leaching/corrosion on washing. The inner layers are composed of positive and negative electrical contacts separated by the functional ink which produces the light when live.
To maximise business opportunities and impact, SmartT has specialists in device fabrication working alongside experts with the skills needed to tune each layer of the pixel for a specified application.
The Interreg grant, which includes €3.7 million from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), includes expertise from France’s Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, the University of Rouen, the Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), L’Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) and SME SplashMaps Ltd.
Professor Harrowven, Head of Organic Chemistry: Synthesis, Catalysis and Flow, says: “Smart e-textiles are projected to grow from €100 million to €2 billion over the next decade and our goal is to help SMEs realise their potential in this rapidly emerging field through the cooperation of experts on both sides of the Channel.
“SmartT will help develop new products and services, ranging from dynamic fabric mapping products for the tourism and outdoor leisure market to a drug-free anti-infective bandage prototypes and eco-friendly anti-fouling surfaces.”
Rebecca Mayrhofer, SmartT Project Manager, says: “Our aim is to bridge the gap between our academic innovators and industry, paving the way for new product developments and applications.”
Source: University of Southampton
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Learn more about PCIAW®, visit www.pciaw.org | <urn:uuid:cafa773f-070b-4b2b-8c56-48724a1b2458> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pciaw.org/multi-million-pound-research-programme-to-expand-smart-inks-and-textiles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.887927 | 765 | 2.34375 | 2 |
|PDH Online Course Description||PDH Units/
Learning Units (Hours)
Communication is an essential skill for professionals, especially in the construction and manufacturing industries. It is a two-way process: sending and receiving. Many focus only on the sending portion. However, in order to be a great communicator, you must also learn to listen with understanding. This course presents an overview of communication barriers as discussed by the late Professors Carl R. Rogers and F. J. Roethlisberger in their famous article Barriers and Gateways to Communication published by the Harvard Business Review. Prof. Rogers is the creator of client-centered therapy and counseling, student-centered education, and person-centered approaches to human relations and community building. By adapting to these approaches, you will be able to overcome communication barriers and become an effective communicator.
This course includes a multiple-choice quiz at the end, which is designed to enhance the understanding of the course materials.
NY PE & PLS: You must choose courses that are technical in nature or related to matters of laws and ethics contributing to the health and welfare of the public. NY Board does not accept courses related to office management, risk management, leadership, marketing, accounting, financial planning, real estate, and basic CAD. Specific course topics that are on the borderline and are not acceptable by the NY Board have been noted under the course description on our website. | <urn:uuid:cef0dd01-adae-4627-9485-db886d5200e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pdhonline.com/cgi-bin/quiz/courses/courselist.cgi?class_name=p215f | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.937697 | 336 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Clear concise communication within the multidisciplinary team and across organisational boundaries is pivotal to the delivery of safe quality care. When the methods of communication are based on a hybrid model encompassing paper and electronic notes there is a risk of suboptimal communication within a health care setting. This can potentially lead to serious adverse outcomes across the maternity pathway.
We spoke to Misbah Mahmood, Digital Midwife at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust (LTHT), to hear her thoughts on how digital solutions can be used to combat common communication breakdowns in a maternity unit.
Consolidating all notes
Maternity units are at varying stages in their transition to a fully integrated electronic maternity records system. It’s a positive step in the right direction but a stage that’s not without its challenges. A hybrid model increases the risk of the practitioner not having all of the relevant documentation easily accessible and therefore may create challenges when formulating a plan of care.
“This may impact the care that the woman and baby receive due to incomplete documentation; however, whilst this is not ideal this risk is recognised and mitigation is in place to minimise this risk,” explains Misbah.
She adds that digital maternity solutions like K2 Athena consolidate all records, which is beneficial not just for the current pregnancy but for any subsequent pregnancies. “You no longer have to pull out the brown paper notes, you just go to the archives and look at the woman’s previous history,” she says.
Connecting community midwives
Electronic maternity records also enable community midwives to access all of the other Trust IT systems which historically have been more challenging to access for midwives who are not working on-site. This also has benefits in terms of saving time at points of increased acuity and capacity as it eradicates the need for multiple phone calls to other services. Digital maternity records enable midwives and other members of the team to remotely access everything on a woman’s record. This has a positive impact on the timeliness of providing information and answering queries as the woman doesn’t have to wait for the midwife to ring the hospital to get further information.
“I feel like the community midwives feel a bit more connected to the hospital,” says Misbah. “Now they just log onto Athena from anywhere and they can have a look. It’s all audited as well so they feel more secure.”
Facilitating safer care
COVID-19 has impacted pathways of care throughout the Health Service. The maternity services have had to make adjustments in line with emerging evidence from expert groups. Pregnant women are included in the list of people who are at moderate risk, while all healthcare staff need to take every possible precaution to both protect themselves and stop the spread of the virus. This can be challenging for community midwives, for whom it may not be instantly clear whether a woman has received a positive COVID-19 test or whether she is waiting for test results. This is no longer an issue for LTHT, which has just had the COVID functionality updated in Athena.
“It highlights any women who are COVID positive and any women who are waiting for results,” explains Misbah. “This enhances communication and ensures that appropriate risk assessments can be undertaken prior to the delivery of care. This is particularly relevant in protecting staff and women in the event of a positive COVID-19 swab.”
No more missing phone records
Historically when a woman phoned the hospital for advice this was logged in a separate paper book. Although all of the relevant information was still available, the electronic record provides a platform for all of the contemporaneous documentation to be viewed in one defined area. This enables prompt oversight of all contact episodes and enables seamless communication with the woman.
“We record all our phone calls on K2,” explains Misbah, referring to how the maternity units at LTHT solve this common issue. “Now it’s easy to find that information. Having the data collated in one place within the woman’s medical record enhances analysis of records if investigations due or complaint reviews are required.”
Improving data shared between sites
Data analysis is an integral part of improving care and can contribute towards quality improvements within the maternity services. But as with all things, you get out what you put in. Managing the data and producing reports when it is stored in different locations requires an immense amount of organisation which even the most meticulous of people can struggle with. Misbah has found that using a digital solution to capture and manage the data enhances the ability to audit records when required.
“LTHT have two sites, LGI and St. James’, and are part of the West Yorkshire and Harrogate local maternity system. Each month, LTHT collate data to populate the local and regional dashboard to identify performance against key indicators. Now that LTHT have a fully integrated end-to-end electronic system, reports can be extracted within minutes to accurately inform internal and external stakeholders of the quality and safety of care within the maternity services.” | <urn:uuid:06bee389-bb70-42fd-b339-761b2660d491> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.k2ms.com/blog-five-ways-communication-breaks-down-maternity-unit-antenatal-care/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.93991 | 1,063 | 1.554688 | 2 |
The process of changing the engine Oil is not that hard. Every car owner should know the process of changing engine oil. The process is simple. But knowing the right tools is necessary. The right tools will help you change your engine oil without any hassle.
Most people think they need to raise the car to change the oil. But you don’t need to raise your car to change the oil. Most cars have enough space under the car to change the oil. If your car has enough ground clearance, you don’t need a jack to change the engine oil.
But if you drive a car with low or almost zero ground clearance, you will need a jack. So, if your question is, “do you need a Jack to change oil?”. The answer is negative. A jack can help change engine oil, but it’s not a must tool to change your engine oil.
Tools you need to change engine oil:
There are only a few tools you will need to change the engine oil. You will need to buy some of these items only once, and some you will need to buy every time you change the oil. Here are the descriptions of the tools you will need to change the engine oil.
- Oil filter: You will be needed an oil filter when you are changing your engine oil. It’s better to change the oil filter While changing the engine oil. But you can also reuse your filter if it’s just one short oil circle.
- Oil filter wrench: An oil filter is a small tool attached to your engine. Mostly it is like a white, black, orange, blue, etc., colored cylinder-shaped tool. Detaching an oil filter without an oil filter wrench is a bit problematic. So, take an oil filter wrench while changing the oil.
- A regular wrench: Take a regular wrench to unscrew the drainage screws and other nut bolts.
- Funnel: The funnel helps to fall the oil smoothly into the engine. Pouring oil straight into the engine through the oil cap can be risky. It can make a mess anytime. Pouring through a funnel will reduce the risk and make your job easier.
- An oil pan: Take an oil pan where you could put the dirty oil. Choose the perfect size of the oil pan. Make sure that your oil pan will not overflow during the oil change.
- Gloves: Take gloves if you don’t want a messy hand. You can also do the job with bare hands. But using gloves can save you from the messy oil and dirt of the engine.
How to change oil without a jack?
If you don’t have a jack or if you don’t want to use a jack to change oil, you don’t need to be concerned. Here is an easy process to change your oil without raising your car with a jack. If you can pursue this procedure step by step, within 15 to 30 minutes, you will be able to change your engine oil.
- Take the tools:
Take an oil filter wrench, a regular wrench or wrench set, a funnel, an oil pan to collect dirty oil, gloves to protect your hands, and a rug or newspaper to avoid mess.
Make sure that your oil pan can hold that amount of oil. A small pan can cause an overflowing of dirty, messy oil.
- Take the materials:
Take a new oil filter suitable for your car. Users can use an oil filter for two oil cycles. But changing the oil filter with changing engine oil helps provide cleaner oil in the engine.
Take the perfect amount of suitable engine oil.
- Take a good position:
Take your car to the perfect position. Try to park on a flat surface. Or, park so that the front and the end of the car are positioned on the upside of a slope.
- Heat the oil:
Heating the oil will help to drain the total oil smooth as butter. To heat the oil:
- Start your engine.
- Turn it on for around 5-minutes.
- Don’t heat for a long time.
After heating, turn off the car.
- Check the tires:
Make sure that the car is on the parking brake. Pull the handbrake on. If you have an emergency brake mood, turn that on for more safety.
- Unscrew the drain hole:
Search under the engine; you will find a screw attached to the oil drain hole. You can use a mat to lay under the bottom of the engine to find a hole. Or, if you know the drain hole location, you can easily do the job with your hands only.
Unscrew the nut using a wrench. Before unscrewing, take the oil pan and place it under the draining hole. After setting, unscrew the nut, and the oil will start falling smoothly. Wait some time to empty the engine. You can make the process faster by opening the oil cap on the engine. But that can make a mess cause oil will start to fall fastly.
- Pour clean oil into the engine:
When you find that your engine is empty and all the oil is fallen, carefully remove the oil pan. Wait until the last drop falls. Plug the drain hole tightly with a perfect size wrench.
Open the oil cap and remove the dipstick. Recheck whether the drain hole is plugged or not. Put the funnel in the hole, and start pouring clean oil into the engine. Pour the perfect amount for your engine model. Please don’t use too much oil than it needs. That can cause trouble after some days.
- Change the oil filter:
After completely draining the oil, take your oil filter wrench and detach it from the engine. Take the new filter, and use some clean engine oil to lubricate the bottom surface. You will find a rubber O-shaped ring; apply some oil to it with your finger. Pour around a quart of oil into the oil filter. Carefully attach it tightly to the engine.
- Check oil level and seal:
Check your oil level using the dipstick. Make sure it’s on the perfect level. Too much oil and low oil are harmful to the engine. After checking, seal the oil cap of your engine. Congratulations. You have changed your engine oil without a jack.
If you own a car, you must know how to change the engine oil. People think that they don’t have enough tools or it is a hard job to do. But in reality, it’s not.
Using a jack is trouble for some car owners, or some owners don’t have a jack with their car. It’s a common question, do you need a Jack to change oil? A jack helps you to change engine oil. But you can change your engine oil without using a jack. | <urn:uuid:e84e3468-83cf-4a52-8255-0afa9e5a7e6b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://automotivewidget.com/do-you-need-a-jack-to-change-oil/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.938608 | 1,426 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Research and evaluate current AI development for business
This program seeks to provide you with an opportunity to develop a comprehensive knowledge of working with artificial intelligence and data, and an understanding of their application in business and business management.
Detailed coverage of various machine learning (ML) models and hands-on AI exercises will give you the chance to gain an understanding of AI and the data analytics process.
This program presents AI methods such as neural networks, with particular attention to their use in data analytics for business context. The aim is to equip you to solve complex problems through the application and implementation of such AI methods, with emphasis on dealing with business and business management problems. | <urn:uuid:cce96f4f-1534-404a-8857-b8aa6809ca75> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.futurelearn.com/programs/ai-technologies-for-business-management | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.945007 | 132 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Admissions Open 2022 - '23
Admissions Open 2022 - '23
The School offers a CBSE curriculum with a holistic child centre approach and exceptional learning opportunities through excellent and inventive teaching methods. The School fosters academic excellence and encourages goal setting in students.
The Curriculum comprises a dynamic potpourri of academics, sports, and Fine arts. The curriculum frameworks aims at developing creativity, self confidence and independent thinking in children and thereby prepare them to face the global challenges.
Yagappa offers child-centered approach in providing a strong learning experience to the children. The information is imparted while keeping the innocence intact. Here the teachers are facilitators who guides the children in their learning process. The classroom transaction takes place only through group activities and individual expressions by the children who explore, investigate and infer the solution thereby gain experiential knowledge. The learners are expected to be self learners rather than spoon fed. The activity based learning is always application oriented and practical. The academic activites are well planned throughout the year with this aspect being taken care.
Yagappa school is known for its holistic approach to education which includes developing an appreciation for nature, art and music among more traditional subjects. The school gives to students the scope and the spirit of healthy competition — to excel at all levels. Art competitions of different level of students are arranged and the excellence in that are rewarded and encouraged. There are boys and girls who have a knack of oration. They have in them an amount of self-confidence that they can face spectators and audience. Elocution contests and debates offer them the chance to exhibit this latent talent of theirs. Such inter-class or inter-school competitions are regularly held which would further them to become good debaters. Cultural shows; dramatics performances, mono- acting's are events which the school generally holds. Students also get to learn through Pot Painting, glass painting, sculpturing, and cookery classes. That is also at of total education.
Taking part in such events gives children a sense of self-confidence and embellishes their accomplishments which they possess or can even develop. Anything, any activity which helps in the development of the total personality of young boy or girl is a part of education and competitions, the effort to excel from others, is an incentive which must be provided to a young mind.
Such an opportunity is offered to them only through such cultural and extra-curricular activities Opening up of personality; developing the latent talents- promotion of the intellectual effort and an opportunity of healthy competition — all these are factors which we always encourage — thus fulfilling the role in the total education of the young minds.
Copyright © 2022 Yagappa International Residential School - All Rights Reserved.
Trichy Expressway, Sengipatti, Thanjavur - 613 402
for the academic year 2022 - '23 | <urn:uuid:81b32e20-6e9b-4ea3-a12d-7137489a161b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://yagappainternationalresidentialschool.in/curriculum | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.958983 | 578 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Blue Lab is EDF Energy’s innovation accelerator – the department who make ideas and innovations come to life to make energy better for the UK. Blue Lab work with start-ups, businesses and innovators to develop great ideas for the energy sector.
Recently, we held the EDF Energy Pulse Awards to give businesses the chance to be celebrated for their work towards building a better, more sustainable energy future. One of the winners in the Pulse Awards was Powervault – manufacturer of an amazing new energy storage system for the home, specifically designed for the UK.
We caught up with Noeleen Keane, a senior manager of innovation at Blue Lab to find out all about how EDF Energy can help us be more sustainable in the UK.
Hey Noeleen, what actually is Powervault?
Powervault is a company that makes fully-integrated and easy-to-install home energy storage systems. The Powervault 3 is their latest model that stores free energy generated from rooftop solar panels during the day for use in the evening.
How does it work?
The Powervault 3 is compatible with all solar PV systems and lets you use more of your solar generation when you need it. It's not limited to just daylight hours, saving you more on your energy bills.
It comes with a hybrid solar inverter, ready for action when your old one fails, saving you the replacement cost of that too.
If you're on a time-of-use tariff, such as Economy 7, you could save even more on your bills by charging on cheaper overnight electricity. And the easy-to-use customer portal gives you full visibility of how much you’re saving on a day-by-day basis.
Why did Powervault win the Blue Lab Innovation category in the EDF Energy Pulse awards?
Powervault won due to the great potential both for the consumer and the industry that we saw in the product.
Run annually, the Pulse awards look for the best new innovations for customers while Blue Lab is here to bring innovations to life!
90 companies originally applied to the Blue Lab competition and Powervault was shortlisted along with eight other brands. Powervault was selected as the winner after a competitive pitch day in London. They've had access to Blue Lab’s facilities and energy experts over the past six months. As well as mentoring they’ve been given access to industry knowledge and consumer insight, and have been supported to accelerate their ideas to the next stage of development.
What's Powervault's mission for the future?
Powervault is focused on changing consumers’ energy consumption behaviours by encouraging energy efficiency and the adoption of renewable energy technologies. They're currently working with companies such as EDF Energy and National Grid to reduce dependency on coal-fired plants by shifting energy demand away from peak times. This flexibility helps enabling the roll-out of electric vehicles and accelerates the U.K.’s transition to a low-carbon, decentralised energy network.
Can you tell us about the discount on Powervault 3 from EDF Energy?
Yes! EDF Energy is aiming to make the purchase of a battery clear and simple – the special price we're running is all-inclusive with:
- Standard installation
- 10 year warranty
- Customer portal to view your savings wherever you are
- Grid services option
Battery technology can be expensive for homeowners so if you join our grid services programme we are offering a substantial upfront discount off the retail price of the battery, unlike other offers in market which give a nominal amount per year.
If you choose the EDF Energy grid services package you get over £1,500 off the retail price of a 4kWh package, or over £2,000 off an 8kWh one. It's a really good deal.
Why would someone want a Powervault 3 for their home?
Powervault 3 is ideal for anyone who already has a solar PV system. Adding a battery to your solar PV system allows you use more of the power you generate at the times you need to use it because you can store your solar generation for use when it's dark or charge up your battery on cheap overnight electricity for use in the expensive hours (if you’re on a time-of-use tariff such as Economy 7).
The Powervault Portal shows you what you’re using when, from anywhere. Plus if you sign up to the grid services, you get the battery at a significant discount, in exchange for allowing EDF Energy to occasionally access it and join into a network of other batteries helping balance the grid.
The system also contains a replacement solar inverter so if your PV system is a few years old, the Powervault inverter can replace your old one, saving you the cost of a new one which is usually about £1,000!
What are grid services? And how does Powervault help the grid?
Grid services just means how we make sure there's enough energy for the country to use. Right now, when the electricity grid runs short of capacity during peak periods, extra power can be generated but usually not in the cleanest or greenest way. Conversely, when there's excess renewable generation, demand can't be increased, so we end up with wasted green energy, which is not good at all.
EDF Energy is building a network of small-scale batteries to help balance the peaks and troughs of energy production and customer demand for energy. This is why we want to offer the discount up front – because owners of small-scale batteries are helping balance the grid. The grid services all happen in the background, without Powervault owners needing to do anything.
Can you tell us a bit about the Powervault portal?
Customers can log in to the online portal to view the performance of their Powervault 3. The online portal monitors charging, discharging, solar generation and energy usage in their home over time, showing the information in easy-to-understand graphs.
Can you tell us about any other exciting projects?
We are at a time of big, big changes in the way in which we power our homes. Using solar generated power after dark is just the start. EDF Energy Blue Lab works with numerous start-ups and entrepreneurs to foster their ideas and bring new innovations to market. Watch this space!
Want to generate your own energy and help balance the grid? | <urn:uuid:6beb0e7c-d098-46bf-8bbd-e68057677ffd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.edfenergy.com/for-home/energywise/battery-storage | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.943382 | 1,335 | 1.765625 | 2 |
The Risks of Gambling Online
Many people have the misconception that gambling online is safe. In fact, the risks are actually
greater than what you might expect 新加坡线上赌场. The main reasons are that you’ll be more comfortable
playing games online than you are at a real casino. This is why it is important to be careful when
gambling online. Not only will it be more difficult for you to get caught, it’s also much more
difficult to get other people to trust you. But if you have a problem with gambling, you should
know the facts and make sure that it’s not getting out of control.
First of all, online gambling is illegal in the United States. This means that the creators of
gambling websites cannot operate from the U.S., and the owner must remain outside of the
country 新加坡在线娱乐场. This means that you can only play casino games or sports betting online. Moreover, it’s
illegal to accept ads from gambling websites. You may even end up losing your home or device.
While it’s tempting to gamble, remember that you should always play responsibly.
Another major benefit of gambling online is that it’s extremely convenient. You can easily switch
between multiple accounts without having to move your money from one account to another. In
addition to this, you can play hundreds of games on different websites, and you can even bet on
the upcoming big sporting events. Unlike land-based casinos, you can use these gambling
websites to place bets on the outcomes of major sporting events. The best part about gambling
online is that you can always withdraw your winnings.
When it comes to funding online gambling, it’s important to consider the safety of your computer.
Some websites are designed to be safer than others, but you should always follow their rules,
including the age restriction. You should also be aware of any malicious sites, as they could be
malicious. There’s no way to ensure your safety, so be cautious when you’re online. If you’re
underage, you should never gamble online.
Despite these risks, you should be aware of the risks of gambling online. While it’s perfectly legal
to play online, it’s also important to avoid playing while intoxicated. The stigma attached to
gambling online is higher than that of traditional gambling. So, be aware of any signs that can
make you a victim. A casino can be a scammer. Don’t let yourself fall victim to this. It’s important
to take precautions before you start betting.
Although gambling online is a safe environment for learning how to play new games, it is still
dangerous for some people. If you’re addicted to gambling, you might end up losing your job or
destroying your computer. If you’re addicted to gambling, this can lead to bankruptcy. You may
be tempted to play on websites that allow you to place a small wager, but it’s not a good idea. It’s
best to stay away from such websites. | <urn:uuid:6829f623-8f5b-48ff-bfa0-1cbfc2a72a25> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.trippie.co/the-risks-of-gambling-online/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.932461 | 692 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Everyone knows that buying a home can be incredibly stressful—albeit, very rewarding. The home buying process involves a lot of attention to detail, financial planning, and a willingness to cooperate with each of your potential lenders.
On average, it takes about 47 days to successfully close on a house. Though this number can vary quite a bit, depending on your personal financial situation, the seller’s situation, the housing market, and other factors, you should expect to be engaged in the home buying process for at least a month.
During this time, it will be critical that you carefully manage your finances and focus on the end goal (having a place you can call your own). About ten percent of “done deals” fall through towards the end, which can be incredibly frustrating and disappointing for all parties involved.
There are plenty of lists of things you should do when preparing to close on the house of your dreams. But what about the things you shouldn’t do, no matter how tempting they might be?
Let’s take a closer look at the eight things to avoid before buying a home:
Avoid These Key Things...
1. Don’t Make Any Assumptions
There are a lot of general “rules of thumb” people use to navigate the home buying process and, in general, these rules of thumb can often be very useful. However, they can also sometimes be very misleading. For example, many people assume that in order to buy a home, you must be able to put 20 percent down—though this used to be the case, times are changing. Today, people regularly finance home purchases with five percent down or even less if they’re able to qualify for a loan backed by the VA or FHA.
2. Don’t Ignore Your Lenders
One of the surest ways to cause a housing deal to collapse is to not communicate with your lenders. During the homebuying process, they are going to ask for a lot of paperwork, which can include bank statements, proof of income, tax returns, and other important pieces of financial information. If your lender asks for something, even if it might feel a little intrusive, it is important to send it over as soon as you possibly can.
3. Don’t Make Any Major Purchases
Many people might think to themselves, “I’m about to buy a home, that means it’s also time to buy some furniture and even a new car.” While it’s natural to want these things, making a huge purchase—one that either increases your debt or decreases the amount you can use for the down payment—might cause the entire deal to fall through. Though potentially inconvenient, it’s best to save these large purchases for later.
4. Don’t Make Any Major Career Changes
When your lender approved you for a home loan, they did so assuming that—more or less—you’d continue working the same job and continue making the same income. They will want to see that you are regularly getting paid and don’t just have some money in the bank. Quitting your job before closing a home can cause the deal to fall through.
Wait, avoid these things as well...
5. Don’t Increase Debt to Cover the Down Payment
Making a larger down payment will decrease your monthly payment, which is desirable for a lot of people. However, if the only way you can make this down payment is by maxing out a credit card or taking out a personal loan, you’ll only be asking for trouble. Any action that changes your debt-to-income ratio should be avoided.
6. Don’t Be Afraid to Shop Around
In the excitement of the home buying process, it can be very tempting to settle on the first house you look at or go with the first lender you hear from (especially if the lender was recommended by your realtor). However, it’s important to remember that your home is one of the largest purchases that you will ever make—don’t be afraid to shop around and explore your options.
7. Don’t Mislead Your Lenders
Everybody wants to “look good” for their lenders, which is why you might be tempted to misrepresent your financial situation. Overstating your income or assets might temporarily move the mortgage-closing process along, but these sorts of misleading statements will eventually catch up with you. It’s better to be honest and “appear” a little bit poorer to lenders than to lie and set yourself up for future problems.
8. Don’t Give Up
A home is a huge purchase—naturally, the home buying process will be both exciting and nerve-wracking. With all the stress you are experiencing, you might be tempted to just give up and call it quits. However, you should know that there is a light at the end of the tunnel. As long as you continue cooperating with your lender and following the steps to close on a home, you will eventually get there.
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Phone: (770) 423-8200, Fax: (770) 423-8201, Toll Free: (888) 766-3506
Get an official Loan Estimate before choosing a loan. This is not an extension to lend credit. Your actual rate, payment and costs could be higher. Not all applicants will qualify. | <urn:uuid:3aff326a-12f4-4467-8229-481d46a356a1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ifolio.cloud/8ThingsToAvoidBeforeBuyingAHome | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.950477 | 1,168 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Clean sweep, it’s just completely normal
Evergreen leaves on shrubs and trees do not last forever. They are destined to die and often there will be an annual leaf fall. A classic example is the holly when suddenly you have a carpet of brown leaves on your lawn. In most cases of evergreen leaf fall, only a proportion of the leaves drop on a single occasion. There is nothing to worry about. It’s just old age and is called senescence. Now in my dotage, I too sometimes feel senile.
Usually leaf fall is accompanied and followed by a flush of fresh new growth. Wish the same worked for me.
No doubt that my cedar is thriving, it has grown an extra five metres in ten years.
A fairly extreme example of evergreen Spring leaf fall is my Cedrus atlantica glauca. In April it suddenly looks somewhat sick and most of the leaves become yellow and brown and fall to the ground. If I were a beginner I would be extremely concerned. Within just a few days it starts a strong soft green transformation.
Leaves failing to fall on deciduous trees
Leaves on deciduous trees usually fall to the ground in Autumn. Not all, juvenile beech holds its leaves overwinter and becomes very untidy when leaves fall in Spring.
I feature today Hamamelis ‘Arnold Promise’ to which Autumn leaves stick like glue right through Winter and if not manually removed ruin the flowers
|Beautiful Autumn colour after several weeks turns brown and without physical removal will hide the best of the flowers|
I remembered to pluck all of 200 dead leaves last Autumn. Fortunately for blog illustration I missed these!
nb ‘Arnold Promise’ is the only common variety to suffer.
Leaf fall on my calomondin orange
As I have previously reported our calomondin orange which has held its fruit through most of the Summer is brought in from outside into our warm light conservatory around the beginning of December.
Its leaves are looking rather tired after a hard working life. Many of the leaves start to yellow. After just a few weeks in the warmth of our conservatory the first of the flowers that will give next years fruit are starting to appear and new leaf growth is awakening. The yellowing leaves are destined to fall, usually gradually and need to be swept up over a protracted period.
I had a lucky ‘accident’ this January when I inadvertently allowed the pot to become too dry. By the time I had noticed and given the plant a thorough soaking, the yellow leaves with the help of a shake cascaded down. Eureka, the plant shouted hurrah, and accelerated into new healthy growth. I have never seen my plant looking healthier! I suspect I will have another accident next year.
|All in one go?|
|The other conservatory plants are not quite so cooperative. Can you identify the debris?|
Most of the senescent yellow leaves have gone and new leaf growth is strong.
nb the plant had a 60gm top dressing of YaraMila fertiliser in December
link to ‘winter fertiliser application’ | <urn:uuid:1b0d8b89-dd00-477c-9140-33c60cfcedf9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.nodiggardener.co.uk/2015/02/sudden-leaf-fall-on-evergreens.html?showComment=1424187388846 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.961974 | 668 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Anthrax is considered a serious biowarfare and bioterrorism threat because of its high lethality, especially by the inhalation route. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are the most commonly used nonhuman primate model of human inhalation anthrax exposure. The nonavailability of rhesus macaques necessitated development of an alternate model for vaccine testing and immunologic studies. This report describes the median lethal dose (LD50) and pathology of inhalation anthrax in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Gross and microscopic tissue changes were reviewed in 14 cynomolgus monkeys that died or were killed after aerosol exposure of spores of Bacillus anthracis (Ames strain). The LD50 and 95% confidence intervals were 61,800 (34,000 to 110,000) colony-forming units. The most common gross lesions were mild splenomegaly, lymph node enlargement, and hemorrhages in various organs, particularly involving the meninges and the lungs. Mediastinitis, manifested as hemorrhage or edema, affected 29% of the monkeys. Microscopically, lymphocytolysis occurred in the intrathoracic lymph nodes and spleens of all animals, and was particularly severe in the spleen and in germinal centers of lymph nodes. Hemorrhages were common in lungs, bronchial lymph nodes, meninges, gastrointestinal tract, and mediastinum. These results demonstrate that the Ames strain of B. anthracis is lethal by the inhalation route in the cynomolgus macaque. The LD50 of the Ames strain of B. anthracis was within the expected experimental range of previously reported values in the rhesus monkey in an aerosol challenge. The gross and microscopic pathology of inhalation anthrax in the cynomolgus monkey is remarkably similar to that reported in rhesus monkeys and humans. The results of this study are important for the establishment of an alternative nonhuman primate model for evaluation of medical countermeasures against inhalational anthrax.
Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis, a Gram-positive, aerobic or facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped spore-forming bacterium. Infection follows dermal, gastrointestinal, or inhalation routes of entry, each with slightly different clinical manifestations; however, the final outcome, regardless of portal of entry, is often septicemia. The inhalation route is most lethal, with nonspecific initial clinical signs such as fever, malaise, headache, nausea, and vomiting. The spores are phagocytosed by pulmonary macrophages and germinate in the draining mediastinal and thoracic lymph nodes. Rapid progression to chest pain and respiratory distress leads to an almost 100% case fatality rate in humans. The incubation period in humans varies from 12 hours to 5 days, depending on the dose received, and can be longer following exposure to low doses or removal of therapeutics. Death is thought to be due to effects of the two major anthrax exotoxins, lethal toxin and edema toxin. Species differ in susceptibility, with ruminants most susceptible and carnivores generally less susceptible. Highly susceptible species often have minimal pathology, including splenic enlargement, widespread hemorrhages, and serous effusions. More resistant species often have lesions at the portal of entry (eg, enteritis, pharyngitis, pharyngeal lymphadenitis, or dermal necrosis and ulceration). Primates appear to have intermediate susceptibility. In addition to widespread hemorrhages, mediastinitis and hemorrhagic meningitis are prominently described in inhalation anthrax of humans. Following the recent bioterrorism events involving anthrax in the United States, there has been increased interest in the immunology of this disease and in production of new vaccines. The low availability of rhesus macaques as a model for human inhalation anthrax necessitated evaluation of more readily available nonhuman primate species as models. Cynomolgus monkeys have been used in a model of chronic industrial exposure, where lesions produced were similar to those observed in human cases of occupational exposure (Brachman et al, 1966). This paper describes the pathology associated with acute experimental inhalation anthrax in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis).
Cynomolgus monkeys were exposed to aerosolized spores of B. anthracis (Ames strain) in a head-only exposure chamber within a class III biosafety cabinet to determine the median lethal dose (LD50). In each stage, lethality data from the preceding stages were used to determine the doses for subsequent exposures. All monkeys that died or were killed (n = 14, consisting of 11 female and 3 male) received a complete necropsy examination, including examination of all orifices, body cavities, and major organ systems. Mean postmortem interval was estimated to be 6 hours. Blood cultures taken from moribund monkeys (or soon after death) were used to confirm B. anthracis infection. Tissue samples, including all major organs and all gross lesions, were fixed in 10% phosphate-buffered formalin and processed to hematoxylin and eosin–stained slides for microscopic examination.
Results and Discussion
Monkeys that were part of this report received between 4.56 × 104 and 2.94 × 106 colony-forming units (CFUs) of B. anthracis each. Monkeys generally showed few clinical signs until 1 to 2 hours prior to death, when they became progressively less responsive to external stimuli. All monkeys died within 10 days of aerosol exposure, with a tendency for those receiving higher doses to succumb more quickly than those receiving lower doses. Monkeys exposed to > 2.0 × 105 CFUs all died within 4 days of exposure. All animals were culture-positive for B. anthracis.
The probit slope was 4.21 (p = 0.08), with a standard error of 2.42. The LD50 and 95% confidence intervals were 61,800 (34,800 to 110,000) CFUs for an aerosol challenge of B. anthracis (Ames strain).
Gross Pathologic Findings
Gross findings are summarized in Tables 1 and 2. Mild splenic enlargement (1.5- to 2-fold in seven of eight affected monkeys) was the most consistently observed finding (57% affected). Although the degree of splenic enlargement was subjectively not remarkable, affected spleens were often noticeably soft, even in animals necropsied immediately postmortem. At least one lymph node was enlarged in eight monkeys (57%); most commonly the bronchial or mediastinal nodes were affected (four of the eight, with at least one enlarged lymph node). Lymph node enlargement was usually mild (2- to 3-fold). Hemorrhages and edema affected a wide variety of tissues, particularly the meninges (50%, Fig. 1), adrenal glands (29%), and gastric mucosa (29%). Mediastinal hemorrhage and/or edema were considered to be present when the thymus or pericardial sac was affected; this occurred in four monkeys (29%). Fluid transudate was present within body cavities of five animals. The stomach wall of one animal was diffusely edematous in addition to having two large ecchymotic hemorrhages; in the other affected animals, small mucosal hemorrhages or focal areas of pallor and thickening (edema) of the stomach wall were present. The one animal in which intestinal hemorrhage was diagnosed had a diffusely reddened jejunum. The small intestines were diffusely fluid-filled in three monkeys (#151, #156, and #157). One animal (#152) had multiple small (5 × 5 × 3 mm) dark areas of hemorrhage within the hepatic parenchyma.
Microscopic findings are summarized in Tables 3 and 4. Bacteria (large rods) were present intravascularly in many organs and were present extravascularly in more than one organ in every animal. Bacteria were recorded in the sinuses or parenchyma of bronchial lymph nodes of all animals but one. The most common microscopic finding was hemorrhage (usually small ecchymoses) in various organs but particularly in the lungs (100% affected), bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes (79% and 50% affected, respectively), meninges (57% affected), gastrointestinal tract (43% affected), mediastinum (36%), heart (29%), and adrenal glands (29% affected). Hemorrhage in the meninges usually affected the occipital pole or was diffuse throughout the meninges. Hemorrhage in the stomach varied from ecchymotic pools to smaller mucosal extravasations. Small mucosal hemorrhages were characteristic of all hemorrhages in the intestinal tract. Congestion and edema in the lungs were present in 64% and 50% of animals, respectively. Acute suppurative inflammation was present in the lungs of four animals but was graded as minimal (barely detectable).
Lymphocyte apoptosis was characterized by presence of tingible body macrophages. Lymphocyte necrosis was characterized by presence of karyorrhectic debris without macrophages present. Both of these lesions and atrophy of lymphoid tissues were recorded together as lymphocytolysis. Lymphocytolysis was very common, affecting all animals' splenic corpuscles, splenic periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths of 93%, and the germinal centers of all animals' mediastinal and bronchial lymph nodes (Fig. 7). Such lymphocytolysis was graded as at least mild in the splenic lymphoid tissue in all but one animal and in the bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes of 57% and 36% of the monkeys, respectively; seventy-one percent of the monkeys exhibited marked lymphocytolysis in at least one lymphoid organ. Lymphocytolysis was also observed in the medullary cords and paracortices of lymph nodes, but less commonly and generally with lower severity. Minimal to mild lymphocytolysis was observed in the thymus but was considered to be consistent with spontaneous thymic involution of a juvenile cynomolgus monkey. Suppurative inflammation of lymph nodes was diagnosed when there were neutrophils within the lymph node parenchyma (ie, not only in vessels and sinusoids) or extracapsularly. Minimal to mild suppurative inflammation was present in at least one lymph node in 50% of animals, usually in the intrathoracic lymph nodes or the mandibular lymph node. Macrophage necrosis was diagnosed in the intrathoracic lymph nodes (bronchial lymph nodes of 4 of 14 monkeys and mediastinal of 2 of 14; total 5 of 14 affected), where macrophages had pyknotic nuclei or hypereosinophilic granular cytoplasm, which often made the cytoplasmic borders indistinguishable from the surrounding granular background.
In the spleen, suppurative inflammation and fibrin thrombi were present together in 5 of 14 (36%) monkeys, all but one of which exhibited gross splenic enlargement. In all animals but one, there were numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes present within the liver (acute inflammation), often clustered within sinusoids. This hepatic inflammation was associated with multifocal acute hepatocellular necrosis in 5 of 14 animals (36%).
In addition to hemorrhages, gastrointestinal tract lesions included necrosis of the tips of the villi in the jejunum or ileum in 9 of the 14 animals, suggestive of ischemic necrosis. Two of the 14 animals had inflammation associated with bacilli (consistent with vegetative B. anthracis) in the mucosa of the stomach. One animal had ulceration of the gastric mucosa.
Mediastinitis, denoted by the presence of neutrophils within the mediastinum in excess of what might be expected from the hemorrhage present, was observed in 4 of 14 animals (29%, Fig. 8).
In addition to hemorrhages in the myocardium, acute suppurative inflammation was present in 4 of 14 animals (gross, Fig. 2; microscopic view, Fig. 6). Similarly, in the adrenal glands, 2 of 14 animals exhibited cortical necrosis (Fig. 9), and one of these had acute suppurative inflammation.
In the brain, necrotizing vasculitis was observed in 2 of the 14 animals and may have contributed to some of the other lesions present, including hemorrhages and leukomalacia. Leukomalacia was observed in 2 of 14 monkeys and involved the supraventricular white matter of the cerebellum (Fig. 5). Eosinophilic globules representing degenerating myelin and eosinophilic round cells with pyknotic nuclei (interpreted to be either necrotic oligodendroglia or macrophages) were present within the white matter. Bacteria, some of which were encapsulated, were present within the ventricle. Suppurative meningitis was diagnosed when neutrophils were present in the meninges in numbers in excess of what seemed likely to be associated with any hemorrhage present (Fig. 4). Meningitis was present in 3 of 14 animals.
Inflammation and necrosis were also observed in the pancreas and ovary of one animal (#155). One animal (#161) had laryngeal inflammation with associated edema that was considered severe enough to contribute to the death of the monkey (Fig. 3).
Although direct comparisons between species based on this study and previous reports are hampered by differences in study design (eg, age of animals used, strains and doses of spores, aerosol particle sizes involved, and potential pre-existing lesions), comparisons are made herein to draw attention to potential differences and similarities between the primate species. The differences described would not be statistically significant with the small sample sizes used, although they may nevertheless represent true differences in predilection for lesion development. This study suggests that rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys have a pattern of inhalation anthrax lesions largely similar to each other and to humans. Grossly, hemorrhages were common in the meninges, lung, and mediastinum of both rhesus (Fritz et al, 1995) and cynomolgus monkeys, and in at least the meninges and mediastinum of human cases (Abramova et al, 1993)). Gastrointestinal hemorrhages were observed in both rhesus (Fritz et al, 1995) and cynomolgus monkeys. Microscopically, lesions for which both nonhuman primate models appear to have an incidence similar to that in humans included acute hepatic necrosis, acute pulmonary inflammation, and lymphocytolysis within the lymph nodes and spleen (incidence approached 100% in all three species) (Fritz et al, 1995; Grinberg et al, 2001). Among the human cases at Sverdlovsk, 16% had overt centrilobular necrosis, whereas 23% had morphologic evidence of increased apoptosis in the liver (Grinberg et al, 2001). Although overt coagulation necrosis was by far the more common of these two manifestations of hepatic damage among the cynomolgus monkeys, the proportion affected (36%) is comparable to that in humans. Multifocal necrotizing vasculitis was observed in all three species.
Of the gross lesions, the greatest differences between this study and that of Fritz et al (Fritz et al, 1995) were in the incidence of lymph node enlargement: Fritz et al recorded enlarged lymph nodes in 85% of rhesus monkeys, whereas we recorded enlarged nodes in only 57%. Because there is considerable normal size variation in the lymph nodes of young monkeys, many of the lymph nodes in our study were not considered to be outside the normal size limits. Microscopically, the incidence of hemorrhage and edema in the cynomolgus monkeys (≥79%) was similar to that in the rhesus monkeys (77%), and both were less than is reported in humans (94%) (Fritz et al, 1995; Grinberg et al, 2001).
Splenomegaly was recorded in 57% of the cynomolgus monkeys, although in most cases it was mild (1.5- to 2-fold in seven of eight affected animals). This is also comparable to Gleiser et al's report (Gleiser et al, 1963) that splenomegaly was frequently seen, although it is apparently not a common finding in humans (Abramova et al, 1993; Grinberg et al, 2001). Only one of the affected animals in this study was killed; the splenomegaly in that case may have been due to barbiturate administration. Cardiac lesions were seldom reported in rhesus monkeys (Fritz et al, 1995; Gleiser et al, 1963) but were present in two of the cynomolgus monkeys.
Microscopically, meningitis appeared to be approximately twice as common among rhesus monkeys as among humans, and the incidence among cynomolgus monkeys was approximately half of that reported in humans (Fritz et al, 1995; Grinberg et al, 2001). However, meningitis was only recorded in the cynomolgus monkeys when the number of leukocytes, particularly neutrophils, exceeded the number expected from the hemorrhage that was commonly present (ie, to distinguish between hemorrhage alone and meningitis). This appears similar to the criteria used in diagnosing meningitis in the rhesus monkeys (Fritz et al, 1995). However, Grinberg et al (2001) recorded the presence of various types of leukocytes rather than diagnosing meningitis per se, leaving the actual incidence of meningitis open to interpretation. Because the average severity reported was 0.5 (ie, “present but barely detectable”), this probably overestimates the number of cases that would be diagnosed as meningitis in either nonhuman primate study. As a result, the actual percentage of human cases with meningitis by our criteria may be closer to the incidence in cynomolgus monkeys than in rhesus.
Mediastinal hemorrhage and inflammation were less frequently reported in the nonhuman primates than in humans from the Sverdlovsk epidemic (Grinberg et al, 2001). As in the present report, Fritz recorded mediastinal changes in 30%. However, if capsulitis and hemorrhage of the bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes are included as mediastinal inflammation and hemorrhage, the incidence of mediastinal lesions becomes similar in all three species. Gleiser et al (1963) noted in rhesus monkeys, as also noted in the present report in cynomolgus monkeys, that mediastinal hemorrhage, edema, and inflammation were minimal and almost always associated with more extensive lesions in the intrathoracic lymph nodes. He also inferred that the mediastinal changes were most likely secondary to the lymph node lesions. Thus, the apparent discrepancy between incidences of mediastinal lesions between species may be a difference in terminology and reporting of lesion sites between authors, rather than a true difference in lesion incidence. In addition we observed that affected bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes often became so hemorrhagic that their identification was based on the presence of a few residual lymphocytes and a capsule remnant. It is possible that lymph node lesions of greater severity might cause disruption of the capsule and total loss of the normal architecture, and hence be recorded as mediastinal in origin.
Lesions for which cynomolgus monkeys appear to have incidences more similar to humans than do rhesus monkeys (ie, lesions for which cynomolgus monkeys more closely simulate the human disease) include the following: hemorrhages of the adrenal glands, hepatic inflammation (each 4-fold higher than reported for rhesus, and comparable to that reported in humans), and pulmonary edema and hemorrhage (30% of rhesus, 100% of cynomolgus, and 66% to 86% of humans) (Fritz et al, 1995; Grinberg et al, 2001).
Cardiac inflammation was more common in cynomolgus monkeys than in rhesus and was not reported in the human cases. This may represent a real difference in organ susceptibility between species. One of the animals with myocarditis (#155) had abundant cocci associated with the inflammation, although anthrax bacilli were also present, and only B. anthracis was cultured.
Some of the lesions present appeared to be a more common finding in monkeys with a longer disease progression, ie, in those that survive longer postchallenge. Adrenal edema and hemorrhage began to appear by 4 days postchallenge, and their incidence increased among the few animals surviving longer. Adrenal inflammation and necrosis were only present in those animals living more than 4 days. Similarly, adrenal lesions were present in 62% of the monkeys that died following chronic exposure in the study by Brachman et al (1996). Meningeal hemorrhage was more common in those animals surviving at least 4 days, and cerebral vasculitis was only observed among animals surviving 4 days. The incidence of meningeal hemorrhage in cynomolgus monkeys dying of anthrax following chronic exposure was reported as 43%, quite similar to the incidence in this study (Brachman et al, 1966). Hepatic necrosis also occurred with increasing incidence commencing on Day 4 postchallenge. The incidence reported for hepatic necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys dying following chronic exposure was almost identical (33%) (Brachman et al, 1966). Surprisingly, however, these are all lesions for which the incidence reported herein was higher than that previously reported for rhesus monkeys, despite the fact that the mean survival time in this study was only 4.1 days, compared with 5.5 days in the rhesus report (Fritz et al, 1995), suggesting true differences in incidence between species.
Unusual lesions of anthrax reported herein include cerebellar leukomalacia, which was deemed to be secondary to vasculitis even though vasculitis was not diagnosed in the cerebral vessels of all animals with leukomalacia. Adrenal necrosis was described previously by Gleiser et al (1963) but appears uncommon in all primates. Gastric ulceration has been previously described in an anthrax-infected rhesus monkey, although the associated massive bacterial proliferation seen in the present cynomolgus case was not described; however, infarcts associated with bacterial proliferation have been previously described in the large intestine (Fritz et al, 1995; Gleiser et al, 1963). Macrophage necrosis, though a described effect of anthrax toxins in vitro (Hanna et al, 1993), does not appear to have been morphologically described previously (Fritz et al, 1995; Gleiser et al, 1963; Grinberg et al, 2001). Renal tubular casts were observed in one animal in this study compared with the presence of cellular casts in 4 of 41 affected people; however, the casts observed in the animal in this study were protein casts rather than erythrocytic casts. Protein casts are fairly common spontaneous findings among laboratory monkeys, and hence may not be related to infection with B. anthracis. Myocarditis, and ovarian and pancreatic necrosis and inflammation, were observed in an animal that appeared to have a mixed septicemia (#155). Although the slightly unusual spectrum of changes may have been due to the presence of other bacteria, it is worth noting that mixed infections are a potential complication of anthrax infection.
All animals except the one described above (#155) appeared to die directly from anthrax septicemia/toxemia. Monkey #155 had abundant cocci in the heart and other organs, in addition to modest numbers of large rods interpreted to be B. anthracis. As it is exceedingly rare for a laboratory monkey to spontaneously develop and die from septicemia, it seems likely that this monkey developed a mixed infection subsequent to development of anthrax septicemia. Previous reports demonstrate that a high proportion of irradiated mice develop mixed infections with enteric organisms when challenged with B. anthracis (Brook et al, 2001), suggesting that B. anthracis enhances translocation of organisms from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream, possibly by causing vasculitis.
Not all animals had gross lesions suggestive of anthrax: one had only meningeal hemorrhage (#158) and one had fluid-filled intestines and no other gross lesions (#157). This suggests that without microscopic examination, such inhalation anthrax cases could be missed.
Lymph Node Lesions and Pathogenesis
A comparison of severities of lymphocytolysis among germinal centers of various sites (Table 4) reveals two major patterns. Intrathoracic lymph nodes (bronchial and mediastinal) and splenic lymphoid tissues were frequently affected by moderate to marked lymphocytolysis, whereas other lymphoid tissues were commonly only minimally to mildly affected. Minimal to mild lymphocytolysis is commonly seen in lymphoid tissues due to corticosteroid release secondary to the stress of disease, and hence may well be an indirect result of infection. Thus, the intrathoracic lymph nodes and spleen may be considered to be targets of inhalation anthrax, whereas other lymphoid tissues are probably not.
There have been conflicting reports regarding whether T or B cell–rich areas are affected more by anthrax: Fritz et al recorded more damage to B cell–rich zones, whereas Grinberg et al stated that T cell–rich zones were somewhat more affected (Fritz et al, 1995; Grinberg et al, 2001). With the exception of the splenic periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths in the present study, B cell–rich zones appeared more severely affected. The absence of thymic lesions supported this finding. The animals in the present study were young and had thymic tissue that was essentially normal. That is, the minimal to mild apoptosis observed is commonly seen in pubescent monkeys either as the thymus begins to involute or due to corticosteroid release from a variety of causes. Such sparing of the thymus was also noted by Gleiser et al (1963), who used rhesus monkeys of 2 to 4 kg, which were likely to be even younger than those used in our study. Brachman et al (1966) used monkeys of approximately 3 lbs, likely to be of similar age to those in the present study, yet he made no comment regarding thymic lesions, although mediastinal edema was considered one of the most consistent lesions present. Fritz et al (1995) did not mention thymic lesions; however, the animals in Fritz et al's study were larger than those in the present study (6.0 to 16.8 kg compared with 2.4 to 7.4 kg in the present study). Even though rhesus monkeys are a larger species than cynomolgus monkeys, these weights suggest that a greater proportion of the rhesus monkeys were adult and would have already had complete thymic involution. Thymic involvement in human cases does not appear to have been described. However, reports of human cases have largely described adults in whom thymic tissue would be scant (Abramova et al, 1993; Grinberg et al, 2001). The apparent predilection for B cell–rich areas and sparing of the thymus suggest that lymphocyte populations may have heterogeneous susceptibilities to anthrax and the mediators of anthrax-induced lesions (toxins and cytokines). This may provide an area for future research regarding the pathogenesis of inhalation anthrax.
Materials and Methods
Cynomolgus monkeys were exposed to spores of B. anthracis (Ames strain) in a head-only exposure chamber as part of a study to determine the LD50 of B. anthracis by inhalation route. In each stage, lethality data from the preceding stages were used to determine the doses for subsequent exposures. All monkeys were juvenile (1.7 to 3.8 kg) Macaca fascicularis obtained from Battelle primate holding facility. All monkeys were negative by enzyme-linked immmunosorbent assay for herpes B virus, had negative tuberculin tests, and were seronegative for simian immunodeficiency virus, simian T-lymphotropic virus-1, and simian retrovirus. Monkeys were pair-housed in a facility fully accredited by the International Association for the Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care and registered with the United States Department of Agriculture as a Research Facility (Number 31-R-021). All procedures and care were carried out by trained personnel in accordance with guidelines set forth in the “Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals” (National Research Council, National Academy Press, 1996) and in the regulations and standards of the Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, pursuant to the Animal Welfare Act of August 24, 1966, as amended. Monkeys were pair-housed, fed commercially available monkey chow (PMI, Inc., Certified Monkey Chow), and were provided with enrichment opportunities to promote and enhance their psychological well being. Each monkey was examined by a veterinarian prior to inclusion in the study and again prior to aerosol exposure and found to be free of malformations or clinical signs of disease.
Aerosol exposure was performed in an exposure box located within a class III biological safety cabinet, under Telazol anesthesia (3 to 6 mg/kg im), and was followed by 3 to 5 minutes of fresh air. Ames strain of B. anthracis was used. The monkeys' heads were decontaminated prior to removal of the animals from the cabinet. Aqueous suspensions of B. anthracis were aerosolized by a three-jet collision nebulizer. Samples of the aerosol stream were assayed to determine CFUs per milliliter. The mass median aerodynamic diameter of the generated particles for all exposures was between 1 and 2 μm as determined by an API Aerosizer (Amherst Process Instruments, Inc., Hadley, Massachusetts) or Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (TSI, Inc., St. Paul, Minnesota). Respiratory rates, tidal volumes, and minute ventilation were determined by plethysmography for each monkey before and during aerosol challenge. All exhausts were filtered through HEPA filters before exhausting into the class III biosafety cabinet and then double HEPA-filtered before leaving the building. Following challenge, all monkeys were observed at least twice daily (morning and evening) for signs of illness or death, and were killed according to predetermined criteria approved by the Battelle Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Euthanasia was by injection with an agent containing pentobarbital following anesthesia with Telazol (3 to 6 mg/kg im). Blood cultures obtained immediately prior to euthanasia or prior to necropsy (for animals found dead) were used to confirm B. anthracis infection.
The primate model of inhalation anthrax is based on the calculated number of inhaled spores. A stage-wise approach was used to determine the LD50 to within a target 0.5-log dilution. Preliminary lethality results from all preceding stages were used to select doses for subsequent stages. A probit dose-response model was fitted to the lethality data combined over both sexes and over the experiment dates, as a function of total inhaled dose (CFU). The resulting probit curve was used to estimate the LD50. The probit model was fitted using the SAS (version 8.2) PROBIT procedure.
All monkeys that died or were killed in moribund condition (n = 14, 11 female and 3 male) received a complete necropsy examination by an ACVP board-certified veterinary pathologist. Necropsies included examination of all orifices, body cavities, and major organ systems. Mean postmortem interval was estimated to be 6 hours, and ranged from 0.5 hours to 14.5 hours.
Samples of the following tissues were fixed in 10% phosphate-buffered formalin, processed to 5-μ–thick sections, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin: adrenal glands, brain, epididymides, esophagus, eyes, gallbladder, heart, intestines (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum), kidneys, liver, lungs, lymph nodes (axillary, bronchial, inguinal, mandibular, mediastinal, and mesenteric), mammary gland, muscle, nerve (sciatic), ovaries, pancreas, pituitary, prostate, salivary glands, seminal vesicles, spleen, sternum with marrow, stomach, testes, thymus, thyroids with parathyroids, trachea, urinary bladder, uterus with cervix, and all gross lesions. Lesions were graded semiquantitatively as follows: a severity score of 1 represented a barely detectable alteration (minimal), a severity score of 2 represented a mild alteration likely to have functional or subclinical significance, a severity score of 3 represented a moderate change likely to have clinical significance, and a severity score of 4 represented a marked alteration approaching the maximal extent possible in that organ. Diagnoses were recorded in the Xybion PATH/TOX data management system for production of tables and storage of data. All data and slides were peer-reviewed by a second ACVP board-certified pathologist.
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We thank Kandy Audet, William Hart, Hubina Hirst, Tracy Hoff, Robert Jarvis II, Pamela Kinney, and Melanie (Autumn) Smiley for necropsy support and animal care; Connie Essman-Wood for histology coordination; Craig Ault, Jay Bailey, Marijo Cistone, Pauletta Cochrane, Dave Cook, Padmini Fernando, Zachary King, and Seth Walker for histologic preparations; and Michael Ryan for peer review. Supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Defense Sciences Office (DARPA/DSO) anthrax therapeutics acceleration program. Approved for public release.
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Vasconcelos, D., Barnewall, R., Babin, M. et al. Pathology of Inhalation Anthrax in Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Lab Invest 83, 1201–1209 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1097/01.LAB.0000080599.43791.01
Single dose of DPX-rPA, an enhanced-delivery anthrax vaccine formulation, protects against a lethal Bacillus anthracis spore inhalation challenge
npj Vaccines (2019)
BMC Microbiology (2006)
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Many branches of a national economy supply services and goods for tourism. In the case of some branches all, or almost all, of their activity is related to tourism, for example, hotels and similar accommodations, charter air passenger companies and travel agents; in the case of other branches, tourism supplies a major part of their revenue, for example, restaurants and souvenir shops in tourist resorts. Tourism plays a major part in the balance of payments of many countries, frequently exceeding in importance the imports or exports of merchandise.
In addition to international tourism, domestic tourism consists of hundreds of millions of holidays and other recreational and business trips away from home. The development of tourism may, in certain circumstances, contribute to pressures on the general level of prices. Its inflationary effect varies considerably from one country to another. Although the main effects are encountered in the accommodation sector, such as has happened with AirBnB, in some countries they may extend to basic items, including food and clothing, creating local socio-economic problems.
Travel practically ground to a halt during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), international tourist arrivals plunged 93 per cent in June when compared to 2019 and the arrivals dropped by 65 per cent in the first half of the year. This massive drop in international travel demand over the period January–June 2020 translated into a loss of 440 million international arrivals and about $US460 billion in export revenue from international tourism. This is around five times the loss in international tourism receipts recorded in 2009 amid the global economic and financial crisis. But the pandemic didn’t affect all countries equally. Some countries almost entirely reliant on tourism were effectively shut down, while other countries with more diverse economies fared better: Asia and the Pacific the hardest hit with a 72 per cent fall in tourist arrivals in the first half of 2020, partly due to being the first region to feel the impact of COVID-19; Europe was the second-hardest hit with a 66 per cent decline; Africa and the Middle East both saw a 57 per cent decline, while the Americas saw arrivals decline by 55 per cent. Data from the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), showing the dependence of GDP on tourism for countries (with large economies), listed Mexico as the country most affected, with 15.5 per cent of its GDP coming from tourist-related activities. Spain and Italy were the worst hit of the European nations. China and Australia also featured in the top-fifteen list, with South Korea (4.2%) at the bottom. | <urn:uuid:7532e579-3b78-45b5-93a6-625956d3f88a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://encyclopedia.uia.org/en/problem/151473 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.946714 | 522 | 3.40625 | 3 |
TODAY’S SIGNATURE VERSE ••• He answered and said, “But I see four men unbound, walking in the midst of the fire, and they are not hurt; and the appearance of the fourth is like a son of the gods.” (Daniel 3:25 ESV)
PRAISE & PRAYER PROMPT ••• In our worries over Coronavirus, riots, unemployment, and the economy, we tend to forget that there are other problems going on. Cancer treatments are still taking place. Hunger is very real. And for many, the fear of domestic violence has been magnified by the stay-at-home orders. With so much emphasis on these other issues that are detracting from other real issues, people may feel they are in their own personal nightmares without support.
Today, let’s talk about Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego who were thrown bound into a fiery furnace for their refusal to bow down to King Nebuchadnezzar. When confronted, they told the king, “If this be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace, and he will deliver us out of your hand, O king” (Daniel 3:17). Their faith was beyond all common sense! We all know fire burns, yet their faith was so rock solid, it overshadowed everything else. And we talk about the power of a mustard seed… I want the face-the-fire kind of faith of these guys! As we see in verse 18, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were willing to die in the fiery furnace even if God didn’t choose to rescue them.
You can read the whole story in Daniel 3. But let’s concentrate on verses 24-25. These verses say, “Then King Nebuchadnezzar was astonished and rose up in haste. He declared to his counselors, ‘Did we not cast three men bound into the fire?’ They answered and said to the king, ‘True, O king.’ He answered and said, ‘But I see four men unbound, walking in the midst of the fire, and they are not hurt; and the appearance of the fourth is like a son of the gods.’”
Who was the fourth person in the fire? Growing up, I remember hearing this story and being told there was an angel in the fire. But the phrase is “like a son of the gods.” Well, we know there is only one God and He has a Son. My commentary believes that Jesus, the Son of God was in the fire—not an angel. And I’m inclined to agree. The wording is too specific.
And in my copy of the Believer’s Bible Commentary 2nd Edition, it beautifully wraps up the commentary on this verse saying, “The Lord either saves us out of troubles or He is with us in the troubles.”
Whatever you’re facing, hold onto your faith. Look at the consistency of God throughout the Bible. All who have leaned on Him, He has taken care of… from our Old Testament heroes whom He delivered from the fiery furnace… and even when Stephen was the first Christian martyred—he saw the heavens open and Jesus standing at the right hand of God (Acts 7:56). Whatever you’re facing—Jesus has promised to be with you (Matthew 28:20). He will walk with you through the valleys and even in a fiery furnace if that’s what it takes. But those who have chosen to follow Him never need to fear anything they face. Jesus is there.
Today, as you pray, thank Jesus for His promise to never leave you. Ask the Holy Spirit to encourage you and strengthen your faith this week in whatever fiery furnace your face.
SHARING ••• My Grace-Full Life is written by Denise Heidel. You are welcome to share anything I write, but please credit my writing and graphics accordingly. Visit www.MyGraceFullLife.com to read past blogs. Subscribe through my website to have My Grace-Full Life delivered to your email. You can unsubscribe at any time. Unless noted otherwise, all Scripture references are from the ESV translation. | <urn:uuid:e2f6de63-51b6-4952-b195-a6b56bf2895d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mygracefulllife.org/7-6-20-praise-prayer-prompt-even-in-the-fiery-furnace/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.96049 | 900 | 1.546875 | 2 |
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Mentoring is a process in which one person with experience, guides and supports another person who is learning and/or developing their skills towards certain career goals and outcomes.
Important note: In the context of AKA requirements, mentoring hours are the hours you spend in clinic that are discussed with a mentor, not the hours you spend with a mentor.
What is the difference between Supervision and Mentoring?
Watch the video below to understand the difference between supervision and mentoring. In a nutshell, supervision is direct observation of a kinesiology balance whereas mentoring is a discussion between you and your mentor about balances you have conducted where the hours you spent balancing clients is counted, not the hours spent with the mentor.
Watch this short video to understand how you can get your required supervised and mentored clinic hours.
The following outlines the requirements of a supervisor and/or mentor:
To become accredited with the AKA, you require a minimum of 20 hours supervised clinic and a minimum of 30 hours mentored clinic. These minimum hours will allow you to apply for Level 4 – Registered Kinesiology Intermediate Practitioner. Whilst on level 4, you will need to completed an additional 45 hours of mentored clinic within two years of achieving Level 4 practitioner status to reach the required 20 supervised clinic hours and 75 mentored clinic hours. Level 5 and 6 require all 200 clinic hours (50 supervised clinic hours and 150 mentored clinic hours).
Your membership requires that you complete 200 hours of Supervised Mentored clinic in total.
Level 4 Requirements
If you are level 4 and you have not yet reached 95 hours of clinic (20 supervised clinic hours and 75 mentored clinic hour), each year at renewal time you need to submit proof of a minimum of 20 hours of mentoring in order to maintain your current membership level.
Not yet eligible for registration
Similarly, if you have not yet completed enough hours to register with the AKA, you will need to gain 200 hours of supervised mentored clinic. You can begin by completing a minimum of 20 hours supervised clinic and a minimum of 30 hours mentored clinic and then apply for level 4 membership. If you are studying, you may join as a student member in the meantime.
How to get supervised/mentored hours
In order to do this you will need to document the details of your supervision and/or mentoring and you will need to use the services of an AKA approved Clinical Supervisor and/or Clinical mentor for this to be recognised.
You must maintain a record of the mentoring and supervision you receive. You require in total:
- 20 hours of face to face supervision, for AKA Practitioner registration level 4 plus
- 75 hours of non face to face mentoring, for AKA Practitioner registration level 4
- 50 hours of face to face supervision, for AKA Practitioner registration levels 5 & 6 plus
- 150 hours of non face to face mentoring, for AKA Practitioner registration levels 5 & 6
What does mentoring entail?
This is a 15 minute video of a mentoring session between Peter Morningstar (AKA Registered Mentor) and Gail Medland (AKA Level 4 Practitioner) providing an example of what may be covered in and demonstrating the simplicity of a mentoring session.
Being a Clinical Mentor can give you satisfaction in your career goals with the knowledge that you have assisted someone else in the kinesiology industry to upgrade their skills.
Read the guidelines before applying to become an AKA registered mentor or supervisor.
As a registered clinical mentor or supervisor, you must maintain records of the sessions you conduct. Use these forms to submit annually to the AKA. | <urn:uuid:28fb8ea9-8831-4119-b3c0-00bf22fef76a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aka.asn.au/mentoring/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.914012 | 775 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Staying Put in Lower Bucks County is a program designed to help seniors in our area “Age in Place.”
Staying Put in Lower Bucks program permits the elderly to remain in their homes when they no longer can drive or can’t take care of the issues associated with home maintenance. A membership into this program for a year that costs $350 per person or $500 for a couple can save them $5,000 to $8,000 per month in avoided costs of living in an assisted-living facility and improves their quality of life.
According to a recent study, which AARP endorses, nearly all older adults would like to stay in their own homes as they age, i.e., aging in place.
Income from membership dues is needed to pay for the administration of the program, phone and mailing expenses, background checks of all volunteers, expenses associated with social events, and facility expenses. These membership dues are among the lowest in the nation of over 100 such similar programs.
The services offered through the Staying Put program will help area residents avoid a crisis point where they are forced to give up living in their homes and MUST MOVE to an assisted-living facility, which can be emotionally traumatic, more costly than staying in their home and decrease their quality of life.
The primary service offered is transportation to medical and other necessary local appointments, local shopping, pharmacy pickup and to and from local train stations and the Trenton-Mercer Airport.
Other services offered are the following:
- Resource & Referral If the member needs a type of service not provided as part of the Staying Put program, then a suitable service agency or another service provider will be contacted and informed of the member’s need.
- Social Events Ivins staff will coordinate periodic luncheons and teas, as a means to socialize with other members. If there is sufficient interest from members, other social events will be planned so members can socialize and stay connected to the community.
- Medical Appointment Notes Ivins staff will schedule a volunteer to accompany a member to a medical office appointment to take notes on behalf of the member if pre-approved in writing by the member.
- Shopping and Errands Ivins staff will coordinate the local transportation need to members for shopping assistance and hairdressers, as needed, either picking up groceries and prescriptions and running errands for them or accompanying them as they do so themselves.
- Elder Education This is a periodic seminar program coordinated by the Ivins staff geared toward seniors and those caring for seniors. Professionally developed seminars on topics related to aging will be offered.
- Periodic Check-in Upon request, Ivins staff, other members, and volunteers will make periodic, at least weekly, phone calls or quick stop-ins to those members who are shut-ins and live alone to check on their well-being.
- Home Repair and Handyman Services Ivins staff will provide members with the names of at least two qualified, pre-screened home repair and handyman service providers who satisfy Ivins qualifications. Some providers may offer services at reduced rates. Ivins staff will follow up to ensure satisfaction with the work performed. Ivins staff will develop a list of names of home repair and handyman service providers who have good ratings on Angie’s List, and have no serious complaints with the Better Business Bureau. In addition, any contractor who provides home improvements must be registered in Pennsylvania with the Attorney General’s Office.
- Minor Home Assistance Ivins staff will coordinate volunteers for changing light bulbs and batteries for smoke/fire detectors in member’s home.
- Help with Technology The Ivins staff will coordinate volunteer assistance at home for those members who need help using computers and cell phones.
- Home Safety Assessments The Ivins staff will coordinate volunteer home safety assessments.
This program is a member of the Village to Village Network, a national organization that provides guidance, resources, and support to help communities establish and maintain their non-profit, community-based programs. | <urn:uuid:d10b2533-c76e-47f9-8163-9567afce438d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ivinsoutreach.org/home/community-programs/staying-put-in-bucks-county/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.941352 | 832 | 1.625 | 2 |
There are thousands of mantras in the various streams of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism. However, it is the Gayatri Mantra that takes the most central place. The Gayatri Mantra has a special place in Vedic culture. Sathya Sai Baba claimed that the Gayatri Mantra has the power, wisdom, and energy of all the ancient Vedic texts. One who practices the Gayatri Mantra daily gains the realization of all right desires, as well as the destruction of negative aspirations.
The Gayatri Mantra helps to unleash the potentials that are dormant within you. This amazing mantra develops super powers, develops intelligence. A practitioner of the Gayatri Mantra establishes a spiritual connection with Sathya Sai Baba, receives his blessings. One can practice Gayatri always while sitting in a meditative posture, walking, even while taking a shower. Any mantra turns on and begins to reveal its power gradually, sometimes it takes several years of intensive practice.
Gayatri Mantra: History and Practice
The Gayatri Mantra has an amazing history. According to some assumptions, 20,000 years ago, in the very north of India, there lived a divine teacher whose name was Rama Avatar. When Rama Avatar was a young man, he was educated by two great sages - Vasishtha and Visvamitra. Rama was born in a royal family, in that era, even princes were educated by the saints.
The education included mathematics, astronomy and astrology, literature, music, medicine, martial arts, military affairs, architecture and construction, the Vedic philosophy and practice of meditation was an obligatory part of the education. The ashrams of the sages Vasidshha and Vishvamirta were located in the foothills of the Himalayas. They lived in ashrams with their wives and children and ran the household. The sages were familial, setting an example of a righteous and harmonious human life.
Vasishtha and Viswamitra realized that Rama was not an ordinary prince, but an incarnation of Vishnu, that is why the sages paid special attention to his upbringing and education. The very first disciple who was blessed by the sages to practice the Gayatri Mantra was Rama Avatar. The tradition of practicing this great mantra dates back to that era. The Gayatri Mantra is recited in Sanskrit. Sanskrit is the ancient language in which the Vedas were written. The purity of the sacred vibration of Sanskrit is great for people of all nationalities and religions.
The practice of the Gayatri Mantra is one of the most important and powerful methods by which people have been working with a positive intention for many ages. You create a thought for your goals and then reinforce it with the strongest energy of the Gayatri Mantra. As a result of practice, what you have in mind begins to happen and you achieve the goal. The Gayatri Mantra has healing energy and power. Regular practice of the Gayatri Mantra produces healing results. Remember that healing and strengthening health, working with positive intentions, is a process that takes effort and time. Solving problems and difficulties is never quick and instant.
The Gayatri Mantra is a great source of life energy. You need to be very conscious and attentive of how and where you use the strongest energy. It is like electricity, it can be directed to the benefit of people or harm. The Gayatri Mantra is, in a sense, like a powerful power plant. Where exactly to direct the energy depends only on you. With the power of the mantra, you can heal or destroy. What determines where the energy of the mantra goes? The direction of movement of energy depends on emotions and motivation. When you chant a mantra, consciously or unconsciously, you are experiencing all kinds of emotional states and moods. It is important to be aware and attentive to what visualizations appear in your mind while chanting the mantra. If you are in a negative emotional mood, you can harm yourself and others.
Before practicing mantra, you need to tune in to positive thoughts and feelings, clearly imagine what you want to achieve. Instead of contemplating healing, you should focus on excellent health. Instead of thinking about freeing yourself from personal failure, you need to focus on the image of a wonderful family relationship. Instead of thinking about how to free yourself from financial difficulties, you should focus on material abundance. While chanting the Gayatri Mantra, create the image and thoughts of happiness and success. Thought is material, the vibration of your thought creates the real circumstances of your life. The strongest life energy of the Gayatri Mantra goes in the direction where you want to direct it with the help of emotions and thought.
Gayatri mantra text
Gayatri mantra translation and meaning:
OM BHUR BHUVA SVAHA
(these are sounds of cleansing of the physical, astral and causal bodies)
TAT SAVITUR VARENYAM
(we worship God as the upper light)
BHARGO DEVASYA DHIMAHI
(we meditate on the absolute form of God - the upper light)
DHIYOYO NAH PRACHODAYAT
(we ask God to enlighten our intellect so that we can realize the Truth)
Sathya Sai Gayatri Mantra
There is another version of the Gayatri Mantra, dedicated directly to Sathya Sai Baba.
Gayatri Sathya Sai Baba:
OM SAISHWARAYA VIDMAHE
(we know that he is the Lord of the entire universe)
SATYA DEVAYA DHIMAHI
(we meditate on the God of Truth)
TANNA SARWAH PRACHODAYAT
(we ask Sai to enlighten our intellect so that we can realize the Truth) | <urn:uuid:8ee566e5-0709-4018-b787-7ad2b6d8bff5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dubyanskiy.com/articles/gayatri-mantra | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.950827 | 1,221 | 2.515625 | 3 |
The definition of enjoyment varies depending on the context. It could be a concept, task, or task that holds a person’s attention as well as offers satisfaction to the participants. No matter the context, enjoyment is a key part of human culture. As a whole, we appreciate enjoyment when it is amusing for ourselves or others. In some societies, entertainment may be as basic as a movie or a performance by a star. In various other societies, it can consist of anything from dance to a song.
There are many kinds of enjoyment, including plays, concerts, and films. Along with being fun, enjoyment can be instructional, unfortunate, or frightening. In some cases, it can even be a game. Eventually, enjoyment is what holds individuals’s focus and also maintains them away from their lives. Whether you’re trying to find a method to sidetrack on your own from life’s challenges, you’ll find something to entertain yourself with. No matter what the genre, you’re sure to locate something you appreciate.
The interpretation of amusement is broad. It can include any type of activity that gives amusement to a large target market. This includes music performances, performance, and also various other forms of live performance. In the media globe, enjoyment can be delivered with television, radio, and also newspapers, in addition to via social networks. It can additionally be a spiritual celebration or satire, as well as it is frequently associated with enjoyable. However, entertainment can additionally serve a much more significant objective, such as intellectual development.
A variety of different types of entertainment are available. As an example, the arts market includes tv, movie theater, as well as film. The entertainment industry consists of many types of jobs, such as composer, movie supervisor, as well as songs manufacturer. It can consist of a clown at a birthday celebration celebration or a stadium rock show. In addition to these typical jobs, there are plenty of new kinds of work in the entertainment industry, consisting of those related to archery and also fence. The show business is an important location of the economic climate, with numerous industries employing legal representatives.
Other forms of entertainment are a part of the electronic media industry. For example, there is the art of cooking, as well as it is commonly understood throughout the globe. The music and film sector have remained to be important forms of enjoyment throughout history. Besides tv, opera, and also cinema are various other types of entertainment. Traditionally, these activities have actually been made use of as an entertainment indicates. Today, public implementations are prohibited in most nations. These tasks are typically planned to give a selection of entertainment for the masses.
The various kinds of enjoyment are likewise a part of the culture of a country. They are preferred in the USA as well as lots of other countries around the globe. These forms of enjoyment are mainly social. They are prominent in countries where there are large minority populaces. These types of amusement are also popular in creating nations. A typical day for a performer includes lots of things, from playing a video game to learning about a new culture. They belong of the material of our lives, and they provide us with opportunities to reveal our creativity.
The kinds of amusement consist of songs, dancing, and drama. Some types of amusement are much more popular than others. Some individuals like certain sorts of enjoyment, such as funny or horror. As a matter of fact, a show can interest a wide audience based upon its web content. Various other types of enjoyment can interest all type of people. The form of amusement is usually defined by the audience of the spectator. The objective of a documentary film is to videotape a certain event. The movie can be insightful or it can captivate a target market.
The advancement of technology has actually made amusement the most popular form of amusement. Computer systems, computer game, as well as live performances have all evolved as well as end up being an indispensable part of society. It is likewise a fundamental part of education and learning and also discovering. The growth of these modern technologies has considerably contributed to the progress of the sector. These technologies have actually transformed the worlds of the entertainment industry. With the help of brand-new innovation, many of the traditional kinds of home entertainment have actually altered forever. While kids may more than happy to play computer game or watch their favorite cartoons, they will certainly not be planned for adult duties.
A lot of the forms of home entertainment are lawful. In the USA, entertainment legislations need a property licence. In other countries, it is not unusual to locate an event with multiple occasions. This is since it is a wonderful area to meet as well as mingle. There are celebrations throughout the year that give people the opportunity to take pleasure in numerous kinds of enjoyment. As well as, of course, celebrations are a chance to celebrate a neighborhood’s culture. In Europe, festivals are an excellent method to bring individuals together as well as celebrate multiculturalism.
Whether it’s a suggestion or a task, entertainment holds a target market’s attention. It’s the satisfaction it provides individuals as well as it establishes over hundreds of years. And also like all things, it can be both physical and also psychological. Along with this, it can be something brand-new and also exciting. The key is that the audience doesn’t know what to expect up until the program is ended up. Fortunately, there are plenty of ways to find enjoyment in any kind of category.
Depending on the event, entertainment can be as straightforward as a dance party for 2 or as complicated as a worldwide stage show for 10 thousand. Whatever the event is, enjoyment can be customized to fit it. From small, intimate events to huge range events, there are several alternatives to select from. A reception for 2 to an enormous arena, there are numerous methods to include enjoyment in any type of place.
There are many ways to develop enjoyment. One way is to involve a target market in a spontaneous performance. Then, the audience can also be easy. An official scripted performance can be amusing. For a a lot more intricate instance, there are various sorts of home entertainment. As an example, there are different kinds of cinema, songs, as well as funny. The aim of all amusement is to produce a pleasant and also unforgettable ambience for the audience. As well as, in order to keep the audience’s attention, amusement must include an audience. Article source
Today, entertainment is an important part of the modern globe. From an animation character to a Broadway program, everybody has the chance to be amused. From online performances to amusement park, the entertainment industry has ended up being a fundamental part of society. Despite what type of enjoyment, it’s important to bear in mind that it is an important element of contemporary life. It is likewise a lucrative market, as well as has actually made its method into our everyday lives. And if you remain in business of generating or dispersing home entertainment, you can rely on a terrific business to be your companion. | <urn:uuid:e59bf6bf-53a6-4c66-984e-1db49e8e7e6e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://epicuriouschicliving.com/2021/11/29/why-is-everybody-discussing-enjoyment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.968332 | 1,440 | 2.25 | 2 |
As the Florida Supreme Court continued to weigh the issues, the state and a group of insurance companies have settled a long-running battle about the constitutionality of a 2016 life-insurance law.
Attorneys for the Florida Department of Financial Services and four life-insurance companies that are subsidiaries of Kemper Corp. filed a document Friday that said an agreement had been reached to dismiss the case. The Supreme Court heard arguments in December but had not issued a ruling.
The companies — United Insurance Company of America, The Reliable Life Insurance Company, Mutual Savings Life Insurance Company and Reserve National Insurance Company — filed the legal challenge shortly after the law passed.
They fought a requirement in the law that life insurers retroactively search what is known as the “Death Master File” to determine whether policyholders have died. The Death Master File is a database run by the federal Social Security Administration.
While the insurers did not challenge the requirements for new policies, they argued that their rights were violated by having to conduct retroactive searches dating back to 1992. Also, they argued in court documents that the law could improperly lead to financial penalties.
“What this statute does is (it) imposes upon us a huge obligation that is going to have to be carried out manually in a lot of cases,” Robert Hochman, an attorney for the insurers, said during the Supreme Court arguments in December. “You are talking about policies going back decades.”
But insurance companies were accused in the past of routinely using the Death Master File to identify people whose deaths would end annuity payments, while not as promptly identifying people whose deaths would require payouts of insurance policies.
Under the 2016 law, insurers that find matches between policyholders and people in the Death Master File are required to try to find beneficiaries. If beneficiaries cannot be found, insurers are supposed to remit the money to the state as unclaimed property.
“Once there is a death of the insured, then what happens to the money?” Joe Jacquot, an attorney for the Department of Financial Services, said during the Supreme Court arguments. “Does it get paid out to the beneficiaries? The new statute says that there is an obligation to go in and enhance your records and check the Death Master File to identify that death.”
The settlement includes a process to conduct an audit to identify unclaimed benefits, while saying Kemper would be shielded from liability “with respect to all unclaimed property reported and remitted in good faith in accordance with the terms of this agreement,” according to a copy of the settlement.
A Leon County circuit judge in 2018 sided with the insurers, finding that the law violated due-process rights. But a divided panel of the 1st District Court of Appeal in 2020 upheld the law, spurring the insurers to take the dispute to the Supreme Court. | <urn:uuid:88767bf1-f372-46ad-b4f2-76f7ef60ef3d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tampafp.com/battle-over-florida-insurance-law-settled/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.9666 | 586 | 1.554688 | 2 |
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Having a great alternative for you to the subject, “What might be any functionality essay?” can be not even sufficiently to help you prove your preferred effects on the British making chicago form article format word.
To fully understand the simplest way that will be able to write a new activity dissertation, it all is without a doubt necessary to memorize 3 elementary issues about any activity paper:
A blogger is usually given an important timely to help review.
These kind of really are a information geared up from this instructor (e.g., ‘argue in order to help support your passion of which supports for problematic faculty assignments’).
Draft a fabulous sensitive thesis fact – typically the chief controversy in the particular overall paper. That is definitely typically the very first strategy which in turn is available to the particular writer’s your thoughts concerning all the proposed subject matter. Without having some very good investigation, the item is definitely unachievable that will come up with an important candies apart associated with this kind of idea; assistance your current terms academic information designed for homework essays typically the legitimate material you will see choose to web based as well as during that stockpile.
Some sort of example: “I presume your eagerness for the purpose of sipping Coke definitely effects my personal helpful general performance since caffeinated drinks effects neurological activity.”
Once the particular thesis is normally geared up, transfer in order to typically the time-consuming course of action from deciding on resources.
Ron goldman contribute to associated with demise essay is definitely your primary groundwork a person has to habits to help you collect research. All the solutions generate persons are convinced your writer’s case produces feeling. One could possibly analyze facts right from 6-7 excellent resources, however some small number in all of them is going to help that will produce a highly effective thesis statement.
Amongst all of the origins, utilize convincing, up-to-date pieces:
The trustworthiness for places will depend on relating to the importance connected with chosen subject matter.
Typically the nearby looking at can be all the approach of which uses any kind of decent explore. Put together annotated bibliography (list used sources), highlight many primary word tips, and also take hints for the period of this unique method.
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To understand the correct way to make sure you understand typically the prompt and additionally go for options, we all contain prepared various instances attached with Cola.
Anyone currently have targeted 8 diverse methods for you to pace in place ones own penning. The actual blogger makes a decision Origins multitude Step 2, 3, as well as Five concur with the help of any essential perspective (thesis). Most of these places aid to help substantiate sipping Pepsi can help for boosting informative operation.
Source 2. Ones synthesis papers authoring positive aspects with deciding on a good written with regards to that manufacturing connected with Diet coke.
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Various mother and father can not really help most of the kids sip that beverage mainly because involving the already present myths; attempt to prove any antipode working with your essay’s bickering. a expert adds:
“If the application might be your demo, use that artwork importance associated with employability competencies articles essay for you to show you the thesis and also supporting facts.
Clearly show the particular never-ending potential fight amongst all the Pepsi owners not to mention haters that will substantiate everyone admire together facets. Do not really pay no attention to naming this negative problems connected with any drink! The idea can be fundamental to help you respond so that you can just about any objections for you to provide you with all the specific audience through a powerful neutral position connected with view.”
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Two styles about synthesis composition authoring exist:
The explanatory activity essay purposes to be able to produce that looking through signifier classification occasion essay fully understand that picked out subject.
This creator phosphoribosylamine activity essay the try to be able to separate all the entire subject in independent regions towards symbolize just about every from these folks definitely. This informative composition is definitely designed involving a is thermite suitable essay interpretations annotating any bibliography essay goods, sites, functions, persons, and / or express of considerations.
The writer shows details for a great function, sober approach. This article writer skips totally obvious data regarding that screened wording. This sort of report is liable to help include several parts.
The controversy synthesis essay might be pertaining to exhibiting a important lay claim is definitely accurate throughout working with a variety of helpful riveting systems.
The scholar student must make an application reputable options through English tongue to make sure you assist his particular tips. The actual argumentative functionality composition authoring demands countless specifics, information, in-text details, bids, in addition to various other systems put to use to make sure you confirm your special perspective.
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Good activity composition topics will often be products of which are actually controversial, designed for example:
You will want to help you understand the punctual. Even in the event a person are generally acquainted utilizing any particular target origin, propel on your own to learn the application at the time more; see the spot. Undertake one assistance all the case study content material and have got your destructive review? Design a say as well as create it down just for the particular whole entire activity essay; push to make sure you typically the functionality composition outline.
Lots for students solely don’t notice the simplest way crucial this specific step is usually just for making any variety regarding composition or possibly several other academics written documents. The application is certainly the top time to become the dissertation composition appropriate. All the summarize will be any path place. In cases where one write some usual synthesis essay or dissertation through a few pieces (Introduction, Body system, Conclusion), you will really should come up with 3 varied elements within the outline for you.
Phosphoribosylamine functionality essay affordable most all the fights, promoting pieces of information, plus facts during the good building arrangement.
Each issue really should approve a proclamation smooth transitions just for essays paragraphs are actually supporting; take into consideration things who head out alongside any primary thesis and additionally notion.
It measure may produce an individual's essay quite possibly more muscular and even even more diverse. You need to take note of, the fact that studies may certainly not lead to outlining - you will need to help answer relevant subject matter questions.
Synthesis provides standard structure, in addition to that looks including that:
Main debate 1
Main state Some
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The sizes phosphoribosylamine functionality essay functionality scholarships requesting personal statement are generally in addition popular with regard to many educative documents.
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Any key matter in which impact on your standard is certainly about guarding ones maintain plus issue in watch.
Three major sections involving AP The english language along with Article tutorial which usually anyone have to aim concerning are:
Anyone basically want to are available upward with your own record phosphoribosylamine functionality essay acquire many boosting specifics. Them most of ought to work towards coerce the audience this ones perspective is usually right.
You should certainly establish a arrangements and even disagreements among companies. The item will probably benefit towards can be purchased upward through the claim.
Just what has been typically the main theory about the text?
We should certainly dialogue with regards to acronyms. Key versions in which will assistance a person for you to work through it article are:
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Occasion: Identity just what exactly was initially your period project runway canada essay destination anytime the base connected with the functionality essay is created; acquire the particular explanation as to why the software appeared to be formulated.
Most people might appear " up " together with your current personal advice together with build up your own words all over the idea.
Audience: Identify the particular projected audience from the actual primary copy
Purpose: Identify the particular meaning with discovering some sort of primary essay together with purpose connected with a copy
Subject: What appeared to be this main state inside main piece?
Another prepare to help you come up with ones activity what happen to be typically the primary triggers associated with stress and anxiety essay these kind of about three ideas elegance to help distinct elements of which everyone have to find and additionally investigate.
Logos is certainly the particular reason. If any piece word features a variety of definitions not to mention prices, an individual need to have for you to makeup some more expansive vary of reassurance tips for you to secure effective with your current essay.
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Pathos is actually emotions. It succeeds wonderful just for clear photos scrolls using potent terminology : join your readers with your origin on an emotional level.
It again will be any tough job for you to transform someone’s see should a human being will be already joined to typically the source sentimentally.
It is certainly your effortless clarification involving these some features. So that you can plant breeding essays some sort of higher level utilizing an individual's AP Lang, you will need to have that will look at a great deal more in relation to this.
1 past guideline so that you can compose ones manufactured article perfectly is actually so that you can make an application this unique palette to make sure you an individual's researching. Become most of these five issues identified: Diction, Imagery, Particulars, Words, and even Composition – look free that will add anything at all altogether different that will a study around instance them might be exceptional.
Few major elements which will influence a person's quality pertaining to synthetic essay writing:
You have to observe which usually any perfect works together with greatest degrees often tend to be people through your strong creating trend.
The idea indicates which any article need to be your stand alone bit : not really only just some sort of basic test composition so that you can get the idea completed. Consider so that you can grow your current unique publishing design and style together with pick up a intellect towards any article. Everyone can learn quite a few examples associated with a almost all well known not to mention triumphant works in order to need various concepts as well as alternative points to help help make your own pieces of paper more muscular.
Well, all these was fundamental helpful hints in addition to info in relation to ersus functionality essay not to mention it has the crafting main features.
That can be encouraged to help you understand extra with regards to investigating AP English tongue works right from additional methods upon that website : it all could assistance one to make sure you acquire an important more substantial enjoy for all the mission by itself.
Typically the a large number of very important matter everyone have to have to give engenders empathy essay that will is certainly the actual thesis proclamation.
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Many any arguments should appear like very little motive and even outrageous.
What people wish so that you can recommendation is normally to help you require one self a fabulous question whenever a thesis announcement will be quite on the subject of an individual's emotions in addition to perspective. When you will can be publishing a person's dissertation using a lot of way too quick final target time in any assessment, everyone have to have to help you emotional tension on any controversy throughout just about every single one part.
Therefore join any associated with ones own choices to make sure you the thesis declaration. Publish straight down the thesis declaration together with placed the software previously dealing with your essay or dissertation -- them should guidance everyone to help you completely focus in that and additionally include that every single precious time an individual craft some sort of brand new sentence.
Synthesis article authoring within My real wood em forster essay is normally complex with no experiencing a fabulous high-quality synthesis essay instance around entrance associated with your own big eyes.
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Just before reading ways to help you generate a new activity article, it is actually imperative so that you can add the classification in this unique term. Activity appertains to help you acquiring information as well as backdrop coming from a number with different suppliers and designing your full articles and other content out and about in this. An educative article is normally a new composing project educators provide that will check student’s very own awareness and even proficiency relating to any certain.
Anthranilate phosphoribosyl transferase (TrpD) comes with really been very well characterised just for their job around this tryptophan biosynthetic process. In this case, we indicated a good innovative reaction catalyzed from TrpD which resulted within all the foundation about your purine/thiamine second time beginners metabolite phosphoribosylamine (PRA). All the records exhibited that will 4- and even 5-carbon enamines poured simply because substrates regarding TrpD, and also a reply solution was basically.
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Inorganic Portrayal Regarding PHOSPHORIBOSYLAMINE, Your SUBSTRATE Meant for Fresh Noticed TRIFUNCTIONAL Required protein Including GLYCINEAMIDE RIBONUCLEOTIDE SYNTHETASE Action Y simply. Erinarians. CHENG,* Mirielle. MURRAY,* p SCHENDEL,* l OTVOS,t Vertisements. WEHRLIt not to mention l STUBBE* College in Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706 tDepartment involving Chemistry, .
The simplest way To Prepare The Functionality ESSAY!! So that you can SYNTHESIZE suggests for you to collect portions right into the brand new whole entire. Any parts are typically the completely different origins, just about every addressing some defined access and ideas concerning a good specific question. The particular “whole” can be your own essay in that most people discuss ones position, looking at ideas via a suppliers the fact that reveal at the same time attributes about typically the issue.!
Enzymatic Activity involving Phosphoribosylamine around Person Cells* (Received regarding newsletter, May 20, 1973) GABRIELLE l REEM Via all the Work group for Pharmacology, Completely new You are able to College Clinical Target, Cutting edge York, Completely new York, 10016 Summary A couple of enzyme exercises which inturn catalyze phosphoribosyl-l- Cited by: 21.
Aug Thirty-one, 2018 · Likewise, associated with the 12 outcome techniques needed regarding that activity, 10 yield N−C bonds as a result of that infiltration for any −N: nucleophile to help a strong electrophilic carbonyl k atom (Scheme 1). Typically the pyrimidine functionality can be a lot easier (Scheme 2). Having said that, all their substrates are usually frequent that will purine synthesis: 3 ATPs, 1 NH 3, 1 HCO 3 −, 1 Or net, and 5 Public relations. This effort, your oxidation of dihydroorotate by flavin mononucleotide (FMN) .
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Phosphoribosylamine (5PRA) is actually the more advanced with purine metabolism.It is a good precursor in order to IMP.It is certainly developed coming from Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP).. It chemistry write-up can be a stub.You could assistance Wikipedia by way of expanding this.
a activity connected with 5 phosphoribosylamine as a result of prpp all the. This kind of preview seems to have deliberately confused chapters. Signal up to help you view typically the full release. Typically the nitrogen atom added in to be able to IMP in order to sort GMP is normally taken by A) aspartate B) glycine C) glutamine D) lysine E) arginine Ans: c Quality regarding Difficulty: Mild Section: 28-1. Activity of Purine Ribonucleotides 100%(5).
Any synthesis for 5 phosphoribosylamine coming from prpp your. It examine provides purposefully blurred segments. Indicator together to watch all the full rendition. That nitrogen atom increased that will IMP so that you can mode GMP might be made out of A) aspartate B) glycine C) glutamine D) lysine E) arginine Ans: g Levels of Difficulty: Slight Section: 28-1. Synthesis involving Purine Ribonucleotides 100%(5).
Phosphoribosylamine (5PRA) might be some sort of advanced throughout purine metabolism.It can be a new precursor to IMP.It will be resulted in via Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP).. That biochemistry and biology page is actually a new stub.You can certainly help Wikipedia through raising them.
Phosphoribosylamine (5PRA) is any more advanced around purine metabolism.It can be your precursor to make sure you IMP.It is without a doubt produced as a result of Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP).. The following biochemistry guide is definitely the stub.You can easily allow Wikipedia as a result of widening the idea.
Jan Eighteen, 2013 · Phosphoribosylamine Creation Assay. Activity of PRA appeared to be established for the reason that an important purpose about 14 C-GAR formation with the help of any packaged assay defined formerly (11, 17, 15).Cited by: 13.
Any chemical Portrayal For PHOSPHORIBOSYLAMINE, An important SUBSTRATE Intended for Newly Discovered TRIFUNCTIONAL Required protein amounts Formulated with GLYCINEAMIDE RIBONUCLEOTIDE SYNTHETASE Action Y simply. Azines. CHENG,* Michael. MURRAY,* s SCHENDEL,* m OTVOS,t 's. WEHRLIt and even n STUBBE* College involving Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706 tDepartment in Biochemistry, .
Look at regarding purine synthesis. All five important components: This souce involving ribose is without a doubt 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP).Synthesis involving PRPP is certainly catalyzed through purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP).. The first of all wholly commited stage in purine activity is usually this foundation regarding 5-phosphoribosylamine as a result of the particular enzyme PRPP glutamylamidotransferase.. 6-MP and even 6-TG enter using typically the "salvage pathway" in which PRPP .
Assessment from purine activity. Your five essential components: The actual souce with ribose is without a doubt 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP).Synthesis in PRPP is actually catalyzed by simply purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP).. The particular initially perpetrated stage around purine functionality is actually that square in 5-phosphoribosylamine by means of all the enzyme PRPP glutamylamidotransferase.. 6-MP as well as 6-TG enter in as a result of the "salvage pathway" exactly where PRPP .
Anthranilate phosphoribosyl transferase (TrpD) provides been recently very well described for their character throughout that tryptophan biosynthetic walkway. In this case, you indicated some completely new outcome catalyzed as a result of TrpD this lead within this creation regarding the actual purine/thiamine advanced beginner metabolite phosphoribosylamine (PRA). Your statistics proved that will 4- plus 5-carbon enamines made mainly because substrates for the purpose of TrpD, and even any kind of reaction merchandise is.
Phosphoribosylamine (5PRA) is a strong intermediate within purine metabolism.It can be a good precursor to make sure you IMP.It is certainly created via Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP).. This unique biochemistry and biology guide is certainly a fabulous stub.You can guide Wikipedia by broadening the application.
For maximal activity with 5’-phosphoribosylamine, any reply essential ribose 5-phosphate, ammonium chloride, ATP, and also magnesium ions. Extended warming from 80” killed a hobby connected with all the enzyme. The application will be recommended in which a good varied process with regard to the particular initial measure with purine activity.
Your synthesis regarding 5 phosphoribosylamine as a result of prpp this. That examine comes with purposely confused solar panels. Signal in place to help you observe your complete rendition. Typically the nitrogen atom included so that you can IMP to be able to kind GMP might be come right from A) aspartate B) glycine C) glutamine D) lysine E) arginine Ans: g Stage for Difficulty: Medium Section: 28-1. Synthesis of Purine Ribonucleotides 100%(5).
Aug Seventeen-year-old, 2017 · Report connected with Functionality Composition Topics Thoughts with regard to Superb Essays You actually may well find a new significant associated with prospect lists that will gift several themes designed for activity papers upon typically the net still any truth is certainly that not even all of the of them are actually made the same and additionally not most publishing options will be beneficial in cases where people wish to get some wonderful composition this is going to endure through.
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Anthranilate Phosphoribosyl Transferase (TrpD) Creates Phosphoribosylamine pertaining to Thiamine Functionality as a result of Enamines and Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate Post in ACS Substance Chemistry and biology 8(1) · .
With this kind of document all of us should explain approximately the particular biosynthesis from several forms of nucleotides: 1. Pyrimidine Nucleotides Three. Purine Nucleotides. 1. Pyrimidine Nucleotides: Biosynthesis from pyrimidine nucleotides starts off using moisture build-up or condensation involving a good carbamyl deposit connected with carbamyl phosphate through aspartic stomach acid to help produce carbamyl aspartate and inorganic phosphate.
Compound Depiction For PHOSPHORIBOSYLAMINE, a SUBSTRATE To get Recently Noticed TRIFUNCTIONAL Aminoacids Comprising GLYCINEAMIDE RIBONUCLEOTIDE SYNTHETASE Hobby Ful. Ersus. CHENG,* Mirielle. MURRAY,* m SCHENDEL,* t OTVOS,t Ohydrates. WEHRLIt and m STUBBE* Collage for Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706 tDepartment in Chemistry, . | <urn:uuid:a6541765-a120-409c-861f-d9216966d3fa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lakelandcommunitycollegeauctions.com/coursework-a-documentation-essay/phosphoribosylamine-synthesis-essay.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.926862 | 6,300 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Parents in the Creggan area of Derry urged to speak to their children after fireworks set off by young people over recent nights
07 Sept 2018 12:09 PM
Sinn Féin Councillor Kevin Campbell has appealed for parents in the Creggan area of Derry to be on the alert for children getting caught up in the use of fireworks in the area. He was speaking following complaints from residents about fireworks being used in the Central Drive area over the last few nights. Councillor Kevin Campbell said: "I was contacted by residents concerned that fireworks were being set off in the vicinity of Central Drive in and around the shops and from lane ways in the same area .Fireworks have also been targeted at passing cars which could result in a serious road traffic accident or damage to vehicles. "If one of these firework goes off in a child's hand or hits someone in the vicinity it could unfortunately result in someone being maimed or seriously injured. "The use of legally and illegally bought fireworks and bangers can make life a misery for many people across our city and it has to stop. Fireworks should only be used in a controlled zone under the supervision of adults. "By all means enjoy the festivities at the likes of Halloween, but be safe and do not let what should be a bit of fun turn into a nightmare, the consequences of which could be scars or disfigurement, which last a life time.
This publication supports the work of the Press Council of Ireland and Office of the Press Ombudsman, and our staff operate within the Code of Practice of the Press Council. You can obtain a copy of the Code, or contact the Council, at www.presscouncil.ie, Lo-call 1800 208 080 or email: firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:c3002a06-f9fa-4105-9033-c9cccc717097> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.derrynow.com/news/local-news/440929/parents-in-the-creggan-area-of-derry-urged-to-speak-to-their-children-after-fireworks-set-off-by-young-people-over-recent-nights.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.968057 | 377 | 1.617188 | 2 |
A car park under a raised pitch is one of the features of evolving plans for a new Bath Rugby stadium at the Rec.
While the imagery currently on display in the Ricoh Suite of the South Stand is still at the conceptual stage and a final design has not yet been decided, there are a number of firm objectives in place.
One of those is to raise the playing surface 3.8m above the floodplain of the River Avon - decreasing the likelihood of it flooding or becoming waterlogged - and building a 600-800 capacity car park beneath it.
It would be available for public use outside of matchdays, with "short-stay" prices.
Stadium for Bath - made up of the rugby club, the Bath Rugby Foundation charity and architecture and planning firm Arena 1865 - is aiming to build an 18,000-capacity stadium which also caters for the community and regenerates the riverside.
"The Rec is an important and active floodplain within the city and is known historically to flood," said Stadium for Bath.
"The level of the water table also provides a challenge with regard to the provision of a playing surface which can be used outside matchdays.
"It is also intended that there will be food and beverage provision at pitch concourse level. In order to achieve these objectives, the new multi-use pitch surface will be raised above the flood zone.
"It is proposed to raise the pitch surface by approximately 3.8m out of the worst-case flood level, which is in line with the colonnades level across the river.
"The void under the raised pitch will continue to provide storage capacity in the event of flood.
"The primary opportunity for use of the space is the provision of short-stay car parking. It will be a similar design concept to parking under the leisure centre."
If planning permission is granted, the new stadium would increase the capacity for Bath Rugby's home matches by 3,500.
Currently, there is very little on-site parking and there is no park and ride to the East side of the city.
The leisure centre car park has a capacity of 128 spaces, Manvers Street 159 and Bath Cricket Club off North Parade 140, although some of the cricket club's capacity will be reduced due to the building of student accommodation.
The preferred access point to the underground car park would be off North Parade, running past the leisure centre and Pavilion.
The new pitch on the proposed stadium is expected to be either part- or fully-synthetic to allow it to be used outside of Bath Rugby's home matchdays.
Stadium for Bath hope to submit a full planning application to Bath and North East Somerset Council by the end of the year.
Stadium for Bath’s public consultation will be held in the Ricoh Suite, in the South Stand at the Rec, from 12pm-7pm on Wednesday and Thursday, 10am-5pm on Friday and 10am-4pm on Saturday.
There will be a chance to speak to members of the project team, ask questions and give feedback on the initial emerging design concepts.
For those who are unable to attend, the information is also available via www.stadiumforbath.com along with an online feedback form.
The Landlords of the Rec
Bath Recreation Ltd - formerly known as Bath Recreation Ground Trust - is the not-for-profit organisation which is the legal landlord of the Rec.
In December 2016, the First-tier Tribunal (General Regulatory Chamber - Charity) ruled that it has the powers of "absolute owner".
It can "sell, lease, license or otherwise dispose of" all or any part of the Rec as it works to achieve its charitable objectives.
It leases parts of the Rec to a number of tenants, including Bath Rugby and Bath Rugby Foundation, and the income it receives helps to provide "outdoor recreational facilities for the benefit of the public" in or near Bath.
For the Stadium for Bath to become a reality, Bath Recreation Ltd's nine trustees/directors would have to give their consent.
Bath Rugby would also need to lease a larger footprint of land than they currently occupy, which would mean an increase in Bath Rec Ltd's income, allowing for more investment in recreation in and around the city.
- If you have any opinions on the Stadium for Bath plans, let head of sport Daniel Evans know via email@example.com | <urn:uuid:04fa5840-57cf-46bf-b94d-382436cb4849> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.somersetlive.co.uk/sport/other-sport/car-park-under-raised-pitch-1822531 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.952846 | 918 | 1.601563 | 2 |
So when the Europeans come and bring in their thoughts and ideas, the audience has a sympathetic view and understanding of why the Africans are less apt at really welcoming the Europeans. Chielo was not a woman that night" p.
He used more than his fists; on page Achebe brings the hated colonial dynamic into the book for Okonkwo to respond to, as though the author of this book had to make a point about the way in which native peoples drove the colonists out.
After he waited several months without receiving any communication from the typing service, Achebe began to worry. Later, in Things Fall Apart, Achebe describes a similar area called the "evil forest", where the Christian missionaries are given a place to build their church.
While appreciating Ekwensi's work, Achebe worked hard to develop his own style, even as he pioneered the creation of the Nigerian novel itself. Chielo serves as an example of a spirit medium. When an acquaintance showed him a series of papers from colonial officers not unlike the fictional Pacification of the Primitive Tribes of the Lower Niger referenced at the end of Things Fall ApartAchebe combined these strands of history and began work on Arrow of God in earnest.
Other short stories he wrote during his time at Ibadan including "The Old Order in Conflict with the New" and "Dead Men's Path" examine conflicts between tradition and modernity, with an eye toward dialogue and understanding on both sides.
Achebe and John Pepper Clark had a tense confrontation in London over their respective support for opposing sides of the conflict. His social status didn't matter anymore in the community. Okonkwo is the greatest warrior alive, famous throughout West Africa.
This belief is held primarily to offer an explanation of the causes of misfortune or social disorders. Of the scholarly works under review here, a reader might inquire about the necessity of further books on Achebe generally and on Things Fall Apart specifically.
The book describes the simultaneous disintegration of Okonkwo and his village, as his pleas to his people not to exchange their culture for that of the English fall on deaf ears.
According to Alan Hill, employed by the publisher at the time, the company did not "touch a word of it" in preparation for release. Achebe revelled in the social and political activity around him and later drew upon his experiences when describing the city in his novel No Longer at Ease.
How can one accept this behavior and maintain love for the father or God. Of Ezinma, Okonkwo thinks: One of the most respected and high-ranking warriors is dangling from a rope but the culture forbids the act of taking him down. The messenger crouched to an avoid the blow.
Obviously we are not talking about slavery but in Ibo villages females are quite a ways down the ladder, nearly to the bottom rungs. After the youngest daughter was born, the family moved to Isaiah Achebe's ancestral village of Ogidi, in what is now the Nigerian state of Anambra.
The book is written about the African society and it is meant to nullify the misconception that the culture of Africans is primitive and has been savaged and the author achieves this by telling the story from African point of view.
Clearly this is more than chauvinism -- it is fact a brutally unfair and biased attack on females. Discuss ways in which their perception of animals—such as the cat, the locust, the python—differ from your own, and how these different beliefs shape our behavior.
However, scholars including Chinua Achebe challenged this assumption due to possibility of wrong definition and because of its negative connotation. He cut away the second and third sections of the book, leaving only the story of a yam farmer named Okonkwo.
Even though the writer favors the native African culture to the western civilization; Achebe attributes the destruction of the Igbo culture to weaknesses that exist within the native culture. Egwugwu and Obanje are forms of the ancestors.
Achebe indicated that it was not "a very significant question", and that scholars would do well to wait until a body of work were large enough to judge. The two books can be contrasted in that the entire "Heart of Darkness" book was written with the Western Civilization already settled into Africa.
This leads to sending Okonkwo and his family in to exile for seven years so as to appease the gods that he has offended due to the murder. Their youngest daughter was displeased with her nursery school, and the family soon learned that her frustration involved language.
The book is a parable that examines the colonial experience from an African perspective, through Okonkwo, who was "a strong individual and an Igbo hero struggling to maintain the cultural integrity of his people against the overwhelming power of colonial rule. He was chosen to chair the newly formed National Guidance Committee, charged with the task of drafting principles and ideas for the post-war era.
When the time came to change to secondary school, inAchebe sat entrance examinations for and was accepted at both the prestigious Dennis Memorial Grammar School in Onitsha and the even more prestigious Government College in Umuahia.
Bernth Lindfors and Reinhard Sander, ed. For example, on page 13, Okonkwo's several wives, "especially the youngest, lived in perpetual fear of his fiery temper," which for a woman trying to do her best becomes a psychological issue.
What effect does this impose on the tale of Ikemefuma?. Things Fall Apart, his first novel was published in It sold over 2, copies, and has been translated into 30 languages. It was followed by No Longer at Ease, then Arrow of God (which won the first New Statesman Jock Campbell Prize), then A Man of the People (a novel dealing with post-independence Nigeria)/5(39).
Things Fall Apart: And Related Readings by Achebe, Chinua A textbook reader for young adults features Chinua Achebe's "Things Fall Apart," plus short stories, poems, and essays designed to build reading comprehension.
Things Fall Apart study guide contains a biography of Chinua Achebe, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe - Chinua Achebe is a well known contemporary writer from Africa.
In his first novel, Things Fall Apart, deals with the conflict of cultures and the violent changes and values brought upon by the British colonialism of Nigeria. Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, depicts life among the Igbo society in Nigeria.
Okonkwo is a wealthy and respected warrior of the Umuofia. Achebe has written over 20 books, from novels to collections of short stories, essays and poetry.
“Things Fall Apart” () has sold over 10 million copies worldwide and .Essays for things fall apart by chinua achebe books | <urn:uuid:7e9cac4a-440b-4f5a-8c99-e909cc8b2127> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://viruhipeve.turnonepoundintoonemillion.com/essays-for-things-fall-apart-by-chinua-achebe-books-41960cu.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.970311 | 1,460 | 2.484375 | 2 |
AUSTIN, Texas – Scores from the first U.S. standardized tests taken during the pandemic provide a first glimpse of how far behind students are, with some states reporting that the hectic year has reversed years of academic progress.
Texas education officials presented a grim report on Monday as the state became one of the first to release full results from its spring exams. The percentage of students reading at their grade level has fallen to the lowest levels since 2017, while math scores have fallen to their lowest point since 2013. In total, around 800,000 more students are now behind by compared to their grade level in math, according to the state.
“The impact of the coronavirus on what school means and what school is has been really profound”, said Mike Morath, state education commissioner. âIt will take many years of change and support to help children catch up. “
Other states have shared glimpses of alarming results.
In Florida, officials said reading scores fell 4 percentage points from 2019, the last time statewide tests were administered. In Indiana, state officials warn of declining reading scores and a “Significant drop” in math.
Experts warn that low turnout rates in some regions could leave entire states with unreliable data, and that even within states there are pockets where many families have retreated. In Texas, 86% of students took the tests this spring, compared to a typical rate of 96%.
Yet early results provide some of the strongest data to date detailing the effects of the March 2020 school closures, the shift to virtual learning, and the associated disruption. They also align with trends seen in national studies over the past year: students lag behind in reading and even further behind in math.
The setbacks are most pronounced among students of color and those from low-income families. Across all groups of students, those who spent more time learning in person performed better on exams.
“It’s a little sickening to see the bottom fall for so many children” said Robin Lake, director of the Center on Reinventing Public Education at the University of Washington. âIt is clear that distance learning has affected the most vulnerable children the most. It’s what we expected, but it’s still hard to see.
Morath said the results underscore the need for a strong return to in-person learning this fall. In districts with large numbers of students learning online, the proportion of those below math standards increased by 32 percentage points. In districts with more in-person learning, by comparison, the failure rate increased by 9 points.
This gap was larger than the differences between students based on race or income, but the data also found that white students had higher scores than their black and Hispanic peers, and students from larger families. rich had much higher scores than those from poverty.
“These are not numbers, they are children” Morath said, âAnd that represents how much we have supported them in their continued academic growth. “
He called on school districts that were slower to return to in-person learning, including in El Paso, saying they had seen larger learning setbacks compared to rural schools that have reopened classrooms. quickly. In the independent school district of El Paso, 64% of eighth-graders failed to meet math standards this spring, up from 20% in 2019, according to state data.
El Paso Teachers Association president Norma De La Rosa said teachers were doing their best with virtual education, although the model prevented them from paying special attention to children who might have need it.
The district of El Paso maintained online education until January, when the state threatened to withdraw funding from schools that did not offer in-person learning. During distance learning, some families spent long periods in Mexico and many others struggled to access the Internet. Given these challenges, said De La Rosa, the test results are not surprising.
Clay Robison, spokesperson for the Texas State Teachers Association, said the data shows there is no substitute for in-person learning. But he also said giving families the opportunity to learn remotely has likely prevented more deaths from COVID-19.
“We were in the midst of a deadly pandemic and we are sure it saved the lives of some students, it saved the lives of some school employees, it saved the lives of some of their family members and c ‘was necessary, âhe added. said Robison. âFortunately, most of the students and teachers in Texas lived to learn another day. “
In typical years, Texas uses its annual tests to assess schools and determine whether students can progress to the next level. But state officials have suspended those measures during the pandemic and said testing should be used to identify students who need help the most. All students who failed to meet test standards will be eligible for intensive tutoring next year under new legislation passed by lawmakers last month.
In Indiana, which is expected to release test results this week, lawmakers have passed a “To remain harmless” the bill so that bad test scores are not used against teachers or schools. The state has also set aside $ 150 million to tackle learning loss, much of which is spent in grants to expand summer apprenticeship programs.
Students across the United States were given a year off from federally required testing last year after the Trump administration suspended exams while the coronavirus raged. But the Biden administration has ordered states to retake exams this year with new flexibility. States have been ordered not to order students to come to school only to take tests, and the Department of Education has given some states additional leeway to change exams or test fewer students .
Some states continued to push for a complete test cancellation, including New York, Michigan and Georgia. The Education Department rejected their requests but allowed Washington, DC to skip exams because 88% of students were still learning remotely.
The uneven flexibility has drawn criticism from testing advocates who say it has created a patchwork of state testing plans. With so much variation, they say, it will be difficult to get a clear national picture of the impact of the pandemic.
Education experts are particularly concerned about students who will not show up in the new results. Those who chose not to take the exams are more likely to have learned remotely, the researchers say, and may be among the students who need help the most.
Lake, of the University of Washington, said she was concerned about homeless students, as well as students learning English and those with special needs. She fears that they are part of the “missing children” who has not done any tests.
“It’s the tip of the iceberg” said the lake. âThese numbers are the very beginning of what we are starting to understand. And it is possible that these children will continue to decline if there is no early intervention. “ | <urn:uuid:3dbf13f1-e37c-4522-b6a1-bdbf4418010e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://itg-egypt.com/setbacks-to-learning-highlight-with-new-test-results-news-sports-jobs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.97585 | 1,400 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Salmon Watcher - 2003 Maps
Salmon in the Lake Washington Watershed
& Vashon Island
Maps from the 2003 spawning season
The following maps illustrate where salmon were observed during the 2003 spawning season in the greater Lake Washington Watershed and Vashon Island. Observed distributions from prior surveys (1996 - 2002) are also shown on the maps.
Get the FREE Adobe® Acrobat® Reader here, if you don't already have it. You need this program in order to access these documents.
Regional Project Area Maps
- Regional Map of Surveyed Area, including Basins (744 KB)
- Regional Map Showing all Surveyed Sites (898 KB)
Basin Maps Showing Salmonid Observations
- Adult Spawners Observed in Bear Creek Basin in 2003 (208 KB)
- Adult Spawners Observed in Cedar River Basin in 2003 (469 KB)
- Adult Spawners Observed in East Lake Washington Basin in 2003 (366 KB)
- Adult Spawners Observed in Issaquah Creek Basin in 2003 (337 KB)
- Adult Spawners Observed in North Lake Washington Tributaries in 2003 (260 KB)
- Adult Spawners Observed in Sammamish River Tributaries in 2003 (205 KB)
- Adult Spawners Observed on Vashon Island in 2003 (134 KB)
Lake Washington Watershed Maps Showing Observed Fish Distribution
- Chinook Distribution (1,017 KB)
- Coho Distribution (1,030 KB)
- Sockeye Distributions (1,034 KB)
- Kokanee Distributions (981 KB)
This program is conducted in cooperation with the King County Water and Land Resources Division, Bellevue Stream Team, Redmond Stream Team, and the cities of Seattle, Bothell, Kirkland, Renton, Woodinville, and the Vashon-Maury Island Land Trust, with support from the King Conservation District. | <urn:uuid:c41ae988-71cb-4f0a-a974-ed7b22863e91> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kingcounty.gov/services/environment/animals-and-plants/salmon-and-trout/salmon-watchers/maps/2003.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.844931 | 407 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Geothermal energy sources identification after joint interpretation of geo-data from the Baia Mare area (Romania)
Norway Grants – Collaborative Research Projects
The main goal of this project is to evaluate the subsurface geothermal potential of the Baia Mare area, a region that has the highest values of heat flow recorded to date in Romania. This assessment requires a multi-data and multi-disciplinary approach consisting in the evaluation of available data, the collection of modern geoscientific (geological, geochemical, hydrogeological and geophysical) data, and in joint interpretation of this data. The final outcome, 3D lithospheric, hydrogeological and geothermal models, will be used further in geothermal energy exploitation, which will benefit the community from the Baia Mare area, Romania.
Geothermal energy is a renewable source that has little effect on environment. The amount of CO2 emitted during the generation of electrical and thermal energy using this renewable source is very small, close to zero, since no burning process is involved. Our study area is located in the northwestern part of Romania and comprises tens of villages and the town of Baia Mare. In the rural areas, wood is the main source used for space heating. Fossil fuels are also used but into a smaller percentage; these fuels are utilised, mainly, to provide electrical and thermal energy for business and public buildings. As an effect, the measured quantities of CO2 emissions resulted from burning wood and fossil fuel are high. The mining industry from this area also contributes considerably to the air, soil, surface and shallow waters pollution. For decades, this area was an important national source for Pb, Zn, Au, Ag, and Cu, but the mining activity transformed this region into one of Romania’s most polluted with heavy metals mining area. One way to decrease the extreme pollution in this region, in particular the CO2 emissions, is to find a source of green, renewable energy. Measured high heat flow values in this region point towards geological structures with geothermal potential. We therefore propose to undertake a detailed study of the Baia Mare area and to combine geological, geophysical, geochemical and hydrogeological available and new data for assessing its geothermal potential. The project expected results are encouraging since previous geothermal exploration performed in areas located south of Baia Mare showed the efficiency of using the geothermal waters to produce electrical and thermal energy.
In Romania, most of the geothermal reservoirs were identified during surveys performed for hydrocarbon exploration. Until now, focussed geothermal projects were not executed in the Baia Mare area, mainly, because of insufficient financial means. Existing geological, geochemical, hydrogeological and geophysical data can be used in a first stage to create an initial 3D geothermal model. This model will be used to identify subsurface structures which may show high potential for geothermal exploration, as existent heat flow data indicate. Based on the initial assessment, a pilot site will be defined for additional data collection and new geophysical data will be recorded using standard and advanced equipment. Data processing, including various data inversion and modelling, will be performed using commercial and in-house software. 1D temperature models will be obtained based on new temperature data collected from the pilot site. Interpretation of active and passive seismic data will provide information on the subsurface structural geology and the fluid content. Magnetic and magnetotelluric measurements will help to identify subsurface igneous and conductive bodies. Analysis of existing well data (logs) will supply information about the rocks lithology and properties. Modelling will be used to create a hydrodynamic model of the geothermal reservoir. Using hydrogeological data obtained for the pilot area, we will be able to estimate the amount of usable hot waters extracted from the geothermal reservoir. | <urn:uuid:a99f1fb1-f5f8-4777-8db2-654588880648> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://geysirbaiamare.ro/project-summary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.910868 | 784 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Astrology is the oldest system theory of mankind. Originally developed from basic calendars, it was used by ancient cultures as an instrument to analyze the quality of time, as a seismograph of the zeitgeist.
Long before modern personality psychology, astrology was designed to provide an elegant model for describing human types and characters. Long before modern business cycle theories, astrology delivered a subtle model for the cycles of time. Long before modern system theories, it provided a complex conceptual model for describing systemic correlations.
Astrology offers great benefit in management:
The course of fashions, trends and zeitgeist is essential for the strategic planning of companies. #
The imagery of astrological archetypes guarantees successful cross-cultural branding, image building and marketing. #
AstroPERSONNEL analyzes individuals and teams to significantly increase efficiency, performance and satisfaction. #
The knowledge of the characteristic communication patterns of astrological types is invaluable for successful cooperation, negotiation and sales. #
AstroMANAGEMENT is your competent partner in the areas of strategy, branding, personnel and communication. I combine the know-how of modern business management with the ancient art of astrology.
What is Astrology?
For most people astrology is a book with seven seals. In this video I show how „the oldest system theory of mankind“ works and explain the basics of a horoscope with sun, moon, the planets and the astrological aspects and houses. And I demonstrate the precision of an astrological personality profile with the horoscope of Wikileaks figurehead Julian Assange. | <urn:uuid:317de5cc-3486-4913-b1fe-6b03a8d5dcdd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://business-astrology.com/competencies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.895496 | 359 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Mike Moyer has been selected as the 2022 First Things First Pima North Champion for Young Children.
The award is given to local champions who actively volunteer their time to raise public awareness of the importance of early childhood development and health.
In November 2020, Moyer approached the University of Arizona Cooperative Extension’s Family Engagement program staff after watching the documentary “Resilience,” which highlights the impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and toxic stress. Throughout the film, Moyer was moved by how experiences in the early childhood years can shape an individual’s life trajectory, and he knew he wanted to do something in order to raise community awareness around this issue. He began working with the Family Engagement programs, which include parent education workshops that offer tools to make parenting easier and more intentional, to provide funding to screen the film for individuals throughout Pima County. Since early 2020, over 500 community members, including FTF regional council members and community partners, have viewed the film. In addition to film screenings, the Resilience project involves community-building efforts to measure the impact of ACEs and how to collectively work to mitigate the effects of ACEs and prevent them altogether.
We recently caught up with Moyer, who is a retired chemical engineer.
Why did you choose to show your support for young children and families?
I was blown away by the film, “Resilience” five years ago. As an engineer, when I see a problem, I can’t help but start thinking of solutions. The film highlighted many physical and mental health problems that seem to be getting worse lately, and the strong correlations between these problems and ACEs. If we can reduce ACEs, we can reduce a lot of physical and mental health problems that young children and families are facing. EVERYONE should see the film, “Resilience.”
Your actions make early childhood a priority. What inspires you to do that work?
Science has shown that ACEs and toxic trauma physically and permanently affect the brain. Science has also proven that our brains develop fastest during the first five years of life. Unless a loving, caring adult teaches children resilience and how to cope with such adverse experiences as they occur, the children grow up to struggle with mental and physical problems, and our community pays the price. | <urn:uuid:b0b7eb8d-9ba1-49f6-a19d-4afc33eba775> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.firstthingsfirst.org/region-stories/mike-moyer-is-the-2022-pima-north-champion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.962684 | 480 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Are You Guilty of Committing These 7 Dental Sins?
Brushing and flossing twice a day are two essential steps towards good oral health, but are other habits sabotaging your smile? From behavioral tendencies to choices you thought were smart or healthy…the tiniest slip-ups can be the most damaging. Double-check your daily routine to make sure it’s free of these common dental no-no’s.
It seems almost every type of dental product you can imagine is now available with whitening ingredients, but too much exposure to these additives can actually do more harm than help to your smile. Daily use of whitening toothpaste, floss or rinse that contains peroxide can both weaken tooth enamel and aggravate the nerves of your teeth, resulting in chronic tooth sensitivity.
- Sucking on Breath Mints or Hard Candies
Individually wrapped or packaged in tins, their convenience may be appealing to those looking to give their breath a quick boost, but this is one shortcut you’d be wise to avoid. Almost all varieties are rich in sugar, and prolonged sucking on them is a quick and direct route to tooth decay if there ever was one.
- Drinking Bottled Water
Water is arguably the healthiest thing you could drink, but virtually all bottled products are fluoride-free. Those who drink bottled water exclusively may be at real risk of tooth decay due to a fluoride deficiency, especially if they are not getting this enamel-fortifying ingredient elsewhere.
- Using Your Teeth Like an Extra Pair of Hands
Despite their ability to chew through food day in and day out, teeth aren’t designed to do the job of scissors, other tools, or your bare hands. Ripping open packaging, cutting tape, or even carrying a foreign object around with your teeth is a recipe for chips, cracks, broken dental work, and, in the extreme case of an accident, tooth loss.
- Chewing on Ice
Cool and refreshing as it is, chewing on ice (and/or icy treats like popsicles) can cost you. It’s hardness and extremely cold temperature is a dangerous combination that can cause fractures all the way to the roots of your teeth, if you bite down hard enough.
- Nibbling on Pencils or Your Nails
Whether it’s due to nerves, concentration, or mindless daydreaming, chewing on non-food objects can do a number on your teeth. Similar to chewing on ice, biting down hard enough can cause fractures, but even without exerting a lot of force, constant grinding can shift the teeth and/or damage tooth enamel over time.
- Frequent Snacking
Certain diets or schedules may encourage “grazing”, in which snacks and smaller meals are eaten throughout the day. No matter how healthy your food choices are, frequent snacking is still bad for your teeth. Constant contact with food exposes your teeth to harmful bacteria and plaque without rest or chance for remineralization, contributing to both tooth decay and gum disease over time. And if you snack before bed, be sure to brush before going to sleep.
Making Better Choices
Habits are hard to change, but in many cases, there are simple, even effortless ways to correct behaviors that are hurting your teeth. If you find yourself committing any of these oral offenses, ask your dentist for help. He or she can offer a number of healthier alternatives or suggestions to solve the problem for good.
10 Bad (Dental) Habits to Break. (2009, April 29). Retrieved July 9, 2015, from http://www.shape.com/lifestyle/mind-and-body/10-bad-dental-habits-break
Bottled Water: Cause of Cavity Comeback? (n.d.) Retrieved July 28, 2015, from https://www.deltadentalins.com/oral_health/bottledwater.html
Everyday Habits That Damage Your Teeth. (2012, October, 31). Retrieved June 17, 2015, from http://www.webmd.com/oral-health/features/your-teeth-bad-habits?page=2
McCoy, Krisha. (2011, July 29). Common Dental Health Troublemakers. Retrieved June 6, 2015, from http://www.everydayhealth.com/dental-health-pictures/bad-habits-that-can-harm-your-teeth.aspx#06 | <urn:uuid:84f3b30e-3a51-4936-b2ca-f90067959373> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://salempediatricdental.com/7-dental-sins/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.908963 | 951 | 2.890625 | 3 |
We will be exploring themes from the workshop participants’ past experience and/or future projects. The workshop method “Village Triangles” is a playful format combining physical collective movement and collective reflection (involving both systems thinking and qualitive complexity). It was developed by Sacha Kagan, based on the earlier systems thinking game “Triangles” initially developed by Linda Booth-Sweeney and Dennis Meadows, and on the fictional characters of "Number 6" and "the Villagers" in the UK television series The Prisoner (1967-1968).
This workshop format can be especially useful to help participants explore together, and viscerally rather than merely intellectually, the dynamic complexity of an own project or issue. In other words: Together you will practice thinking, enacting, and talking with whole bodies-minds rather than remain in verbal abstraction, all the while discovering unexpected whole-systems relations.
The workshop takes place under the Angewandte COVID regulations.
Sessions will be video recorded and the videos are discussed by the group as part of the methodical approach.
The workshop is open for students of Angewandte and other universities.
Registered participants have to attend the workshop full time on both days. Attending an informal open-ended come together on Wednesday evening is recommended.
Due to a limited number of participants a binding registration is required until 28th October: firstname.lastname@example.org
Registered participants will receive a book chapter and detailed information for preparation beforehand. | <urn:uuid:b6fccae4-0a2d-4286-bb7d-ed763acaf5b3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ipsd.uni-ak.ac.at/news/village-triangles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.913303 | 321 | 1.84375 | 2 |
A rogue, planet-size object 20 light-years away from Earth has stunned astronomers with its incredibly powerful magnetic field.
The scientists found that the object’s magnetic field is more than 200 times stronger than Jupiter’s, which, in turn, is between 16 and 54 times stronger than Earth’s, according to NASA. How the object, which scientists call SIMP J01365663+0933473, can maintain a magnetic field so strong, as well as generate spectacular auroras, is still unclear.
“This particular object is exciting because studying its magnetic dynamo mechanisms can give us new insights on how the same type of mechanisms can operate in extrasolar planets — planets beyond our solar system,” lead study author Melodie Kao, an astrophysicist at Arizona State University, said in a statement from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory published Aug. 2.
And it’s not just the magnetic mechanism that’s leaving scientists with questions right now — there are plenty of other mysteries about the object, which scientists first discovered in 2016.
The object is what scientists call a brown dwarf. Nicknamed “failed stars,” brown dwarfs are larger than planets, but not quite large enough to fuse hydrogen, the way stars do. The boundary line is still debated, but scientists tend to draw it at about 13 times the mass of Jupiter.
Originally, scientists thought SIMP J01365663+0933473 was a gigantic, old brown dwarf. But further study showed that it is instead relatively young, at 200 million years old, and is only 12.7 times the mass of Jupiter. That research also showed that the planet is on its own, not orbiting a star.
“This object is right at the boundary between a planet and a brown dwarf, or ‘failed star,’ and is giving us some surprises that can potentially help us understand magnetic processes on both stars and planets,” Kao said in the statement. “We think these mechanisms can work not only in brown dwarfs, but also in both gas giant and terrestrial planets.”
The team is particularly excited by the new research because it relies in part on radio observations of the object’s auroras — which means that radio telescopes may be able to identify new planets by their auroras | <urn:uuid:9acd5d25-246b-4b1e-a079-0ff668bfbd40> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jasperandsardine.wordpress.com/2018/08/07/drip-feeding-rogue-brown-dwarf-being-studied-by-scientists-after-extreme-electromagnetism-noticed/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.943584 | 481 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Fort Athabasca River
Fort Athabasca River (1778-1788) - An independent fur trading post and fort first established in 1778 by Peter Pond, an American explorer and fur trader. Located on the west bank of the Athabasca River at the junction with the Embarras River near Embarras Portage. Replaced by Fort Chipewyan in 1788. Also known as Peter Pond's Fort, Pond Fort, Athabasca Fort, and Fort Athabasca.
An independent fur trading post and fort first established by Peter Pond in 1778 on the Athabasca River at the junction with the Embarras River near Embarras Portage.
In 1778, Peter Pond left Sturgeon Fort to open direct trade with native peoples in the fur-rich Athabasca country. Pond established a trading post on the Athabasca River, about 40 miles from Athabasca lake, where he wintered in 1778–79. There he intercepted numbers of Crees and Chipewyans, who normally travelled the long & difficult route to the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) Prince of Wales Fort on Hudson Bay. These tribes were happy to see traders who would come to them and they discounted their furs to avoid the trek.
Pond said he made 140 packs of 90 pounds each that season but he left most of them behind, they would not all fit in his three canoes. He traveled east to Grand Portage, later the site of Grand Portage Post, and returned to Athabasca to bring out the remaining furs.
With the formation of the North West Company in 1779 and Peter Pond's participation in that new company, Fort Athabasca River came under the purview of the North West Company. With the selection of Alexander Mackenzie to oversee operations in the Athabasca region, Mackenzie set out to reorganize the forts in the Athabasca area.
Mackenzie traveled to the Athabasca River Fort, arriving on 21 Oct 1787. He quickly determined that it should be replaced with a new fort on the lake where it would be better situated for everyone concerned. The new post was constructed and named Fort Chipewyan. Mackenzie occupied the new fort in December 1788 and this date is use here as the closure of the old fort. | <urn:uuid:624941b5-105b-409f-aa6a-3ee3816585e4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fortwiki.com/Fort_Athabasca_River | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.951054 | 505 | 3.578125 | 4 |
The Town Marshal by Robert Vaughan
THE TOWN MARSHAL is ripped from the annals of authentic American history of the Old West. Its two main participants, James Cooper and Henry Newton Brown, form a close friendship when, along with Billy the Kid, they fight in the Lincoln County War. After that, James and Henry move on, their bond of friendship growing even stronger as James becomes a crusading newspaper editor and Henry, a town marshal feared by outlaws and lauded by his peers and the towns he served.
But something goes wrong, and in an emotive moment, the two best friends find themselves face to face in a dramatic and poignant confrontation. | <urn:uuid:99dc15e4-c3e3-4837-86b8-a2906299896b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wolfpackpublishing.com/book/town-marshal-robert-vaughan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.956998 | 135 | 1.875 | 2 |
This Human Research Ethics commentary reflects on useful approaches to researchers who fail to respond to requests. This includes failure to respond to research ethics review feedback, failure to respond to requests for ethical conduct reports and failure to respond to other requests from the research ethics committee. Hopefully, your institutional approach will be a little bit more practical than the Goldberg machine in this humorous Don Mayne cartoon.
A Human Research Ethics resource about establishing a proportional review arrangement. It includes tips and ideas, based upon AHRECS experience assisting institutions establish arrangements that are effective, efficient and scalable.
A 15-minute Human Research Ethics ‘card game’ to get attendees talking about the values/core principles and elements of the National Statement (2007 updated 2018). | <urn:uuid:d3113a47-941e-43fe-8b9b-9b48c891ee55> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ahrecs.vip/tag/review-feedback/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.862363 | 150 | 1.875 | 2 |
I normally don’t write-up anything on mushrooms that you shouldn’t eat, but then I realized it would be good to have some of the others included just to help people identify some of the look a likes to the delicious edible ones. That and I couldn’t find any of the edible morels today while I was wandering the woods. This spring has been very dry so there is not a lot out in the woods. This is the same problem that we had last fall unfortunately while looking for chanterelle. This mushroom is not edible!
Other common names: California elven saddle (used to be Helvella californica)
- Cap is domed, umbrella-like, or wavy and spreading, the edge of cap is not attached to the stalk
- Caps are yellow-brown to dark brown (almost black) smooth and some what wrinkled . But not honeycombed or pitted.
- Stalks have prominent ribs that extend up the underside and underneath the cap.
Locations you can find them: in the woods (yes I know that is obvious) mainly under conifers along old logging roads. They can be found fall, winter, and spring in the pacific northwest. I have only seen them in the spring so far. Normally in the fall other species of helvella are coming up.
Some great reference books:
All That the Rain Promises and More: A Hip Pocket Guide to Western Mushrooms by David Arora (smaller pocket guide that is excellent to use)
National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mushrooms (National Audubon Society Field Guides) (all inclusive but fairly large)
There are also several E-books that can be found on Kindle unlimited
We are an amazon affiliate so any support helps us make more video and articles. If there are any video subjects or articles you would like to see please comment to let us know | <urn:uuid:25a728e6-ca1c-49fa-8364-d4526074bb41> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shanesoutdoorfun.com/tag/false-morel/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.948363 | 405 | 1.867188 | 2 |
May Wettest In Oklahoma History
KSCB News - June 1, 2015 10:16 am
The month of May has gone down as the wettest month in Oklahoma’s history.
Oklahoma media outlets report the final statewide average rainfall for May was 14.41 inches. State climatologist Gary McManus said that is 9.59 inches above normal.
According to the Oklahoma Climatological Survey, the previous record was 10.75 inches, set in October 1941. The previous record for the month of May was 10.54 in 1957. The agency has kept records since the late 1890s.
The U.S. Drought Monitor says the rainfall has alleviated most of Oklahoma’s drought conditions.
Recent storms, heavy rainfall and floods led to multiple fatalities and widespread damage throughout the state. | <urn:uuid:b474fba4-a94a-4360-89f2-01463f27f044> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kscbnews.net/may-wettest-in-oklahoma-history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.959533 | 172 | 2.25 | 2 |
Facebook released a report Monday acknowledging that it failed to do enough to prevent abuses of its social network that fueled political division, violence, and hatred toward the Rohingya (a persecuted religious minority) in Myanmar. Fmr. White House CIO and CEO of industry leading cyber security firm Fortalice Solutions, Theresa Payton says that — while Facebook is doing the right thing by acknowledging its failures — social media networks need to do more to prevent these abuses (and keep them from boiling over into real-world violence). Tech (and especially social media) companies are often at the center of global risk and political controversy, and it’s time for them to adopt socially responsible practices.
Qualivian Investment Partners performance update for the month ended July 31, 2022. Q2 2022 hedge fund letters, conferences and more Dear Friends of the Fund, Please find our July 2022 performance report below for your review. Qualivian reached its four year track record in December 2021. We are actively weighing investment proposals. Starting in November Read More
According to Payton:
- FB and other social media platforms are in the crosshairs when it comes to global risk and political controversy, due in no small part to rapid and widespread growth (which has significantly outpaced [even self-] regulation.
- On the one hand, that means that they act as a platform for all kinds of information -- political and otherwise -- and connect the world in ways never seen before.
- On the other hand, its central role as a platform for political speech means that they have a heightened responsibility when it comes to monitoring and eliminating speech that incites violence or encourages terroristic and other behavior.
- Facebook is right to acknowledge that it could have done more to prevent hateful speech that stirred up hatred against the Rohingya ... and right to plus up its efforts to prevent online speech from boiling over into real-world violence.
- But when it comes to setting and enforcing community standards that target and eliminate incitement, social media networks have to do more ... and sooner.
- Ultimately, I think we'll see social media companies that prioritize socially responsible standards and behavior far outpace those who prioritize rapid growth at a significant social cost.
Theresa is one of the nation's leading experts in cyber security and IT strategy. She is the CEO of Fortalice Solutions, an industry-leading security consulting company. Under President George W. Bush, she served as the first female chief information officer at the White House, overseeing IT operations for POTUS and his staff. She was named #4 on IFSEC Global’s list of the world’s Top 50 cybersecurity influencers in security & fire 2017. See her profiled in the Washington Post for her role on the 2017 CBS reality show "Hunted" here: Former White House chief information officer is using her cyber skills on a new CBS reality show. See her recent feature in Vox: Election security: An expert explains the “new normal” of cybersecurity. | <urn:uuid:4b5ccf5f-d566-4cba-82f5-54a4698134ed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.valuewalk.com/2018/11/facebook-myanmar-global-risk-and-political-controversy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.954871 | 608 | 1.625 | 2 |
Experts in this subject field are ready to write an original essay following your instructions to the dot!Hire a Writer
The author of the novel "The Giver," Lois Lowry, must have recognized the connection between the period he wrote it and the present turns of events in 2018. The story is entirely centered on the notion of society and mankind. For example, the author focuses on the trade-offs that occurred when Jonas' group favored Sameness above preserving the ideal of individual expression. With this in mind, the novel's two essential features of existence are the value of an individual and the act of heroism (Lowry 12), and a young reader may recognize them in the present moment. According to Lowry, in case that a person fails to experience pain in life, it a sure way that their individuality is devalued (13). Additionally, memories are vital because they sometimes amalgamate pain which awakens past experiences which elicit wisdom. Cumulatively, these events ate true prediction in 2018, in which the individuals are experiencing the external conflict amidst of them and the society which has resulted into pain.
Similarly, the author depicts the aspect of heroism, in which Jonas reside in a repressed society which does acknowledge the value and dignity of freedom.in light of this, both Annemarie and Jonas expressed the act of heroism to risk their lives for the sake of saving people they love (Lowry 14). This act of heroism is a true prediction of 1993, which have been affirmed in the present ages. For example, we have Democrats and human activists in the society who have risked their lives to fight injustices committed to the civilians by the democratically compromised governments and other dictatorship regimes.
To conclude, it is visible that, in the novel “The Giver,” by Lowry, reflect the aspects of the lives which are visible in the present society. The value of the individual and the acts of heroism are two important aspects which a younger reader can identify in the present society. Therefore, these findings indicate that the author must have surely predicted what would have happened in the future.
Lowry, Lois. The giver. Vol. 1. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1993.
This sample could have been used by your fellow student... Get your own unique essay on any topic and submit it by the deadline.
Hire one of our experts to create a completely original paper even in 3 hours! | <urn:uuid:723c5d04-7753-4a6d-9874-db567ec01b14> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.topessaywriting.org/samples/the-giver-notion-of-society | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.962257 | 497 | 2.734375 | 3 |
GreatCollections.com is offering a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for collectors to acquire one of the most famous US error coins. Bidding on the famous 1943 Lincoln “Gumball” Copper cent, graded as AU50 BN by PCGS, ends on Sunday, January 30. The current highest bid (as of the time of publication of this article) is $192,500 USD after three bids. This is only the second time GreatCollections has had the opportunity to offer a 1943 copper cent at auction.
Known as the “Gumball specimen”, this particular coin was first discovered in 1976 by a Philadelphia businessman in a gumball machine in his restaurant located across from the United States Mint. That year, the restauranter sold the coin to a butcher, who was known locally as a coin collector, for $1,000 (almost $5,000 in today’s money when adjusted for inflation).
Prompted by his worried wife, the owner sent the coin to ANACS and then Stack’s in New York for authentication in November 1976. Both companies confirmed that it was authentic. Gifted to his children by the now-retired butcher, the coin has remained in the family until the present day. In 2019, the owners contracted with Mitchell A. Battino, President of Hudson Rare Coins, to submit this 1943 copper cent to NGC for certification.
A year later, the family submitted the coin to Stack’s Bowers to be sold in their November 2020 Auction. Seeking a better grade, the auction house submitted the coin to PCGS. The coin was then placed in the auction at a $135,000 reserve, but it didn’t sell as the reserve was not met. After being resubmitted to PCGS, the coin has now been placed in the current GreatCollections sale. With over two weeks left in the auction, this exciting coin may fetch a record price for the grade.
Background of the 1943 Copper Cent
Due to wartime scarcity, the US Mint replaced the Lincoln cent’s bronze alloy with zinc-coated steel cent planchets. When the first 1943 copper cent was discovered in 1947, collectors instantly recognized the off-metal error cent’s importance. These pieces were struck on a handful of bronze planchets left over from the 1942 batch. Despite this, most examples were found with at least a certain amount of ware. While the lowest grade given to a 1943 Brown Philadelphia piece was simply “Genuine” due to post-mint damage by an overzealous newsboy seeking to authenticate the coin, the highest grade of MS-64 RB was given to the unique 1943-D, which sold for the record price of $840,000.
It is estimated that the Philadelphia Mint struck at least 15, the San Francisco Mint struck seven, and the Denver Mint struck one authenticated example. The current theory is that a few 1942 bronze planchets were hiding in the bottom of the Mint’s fabric storage bins and were mixed in with the new steel blanks. The new steel alloy used in 1943 required much greater force to produce strikes of sufficient quality, so as a result the traditional bronze planchets are generally well struck with sharper than average details.
On the obverse, Victor David Brenner’s portrait of Abraham Lincoln depicts the president from the shoulder up. Lincoln is dressed in a period suit and is wearing a bow tie. At the top of the design, wrapping around the rim is the motto “IN GOD WE TRUST”. “LIBERTY” appears behind Lincoln’s neck, on the left side of the coin. The date appears slightly lower, in front of Lincoln’s portrait, on the coin’s right side. This coin was struck at the Philadelphia Mint, so there is no mintmark.
On the reverse, two sheaths of wheat wrap around the right and the left side of the coin. At the top of the design, the motto “E ·PLURIBUS · UNUM” wraps around the rim. ONE CENT is inscribed in large letters, sans serif, the bottom arm of the E extends beyond the arm at the top. The middle arm is recessed. Beneath, in the same font, but smaller type: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
The edge is plain.
Bidding ends at GreatCollections on Sunday, January 30, 2022, 04:21:48 PM Pacific Time (7:21 PM Eastern). | <urn:uuid:c7800ef8-16e5-43e1-8a30-ec9b130f6724> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://coinweek.com/auctions-news/the-gumball-machine-giveth-greatcollections-offers-rare-1943-copper-cent/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.961576 | 941 | 1.539063 | 2 |
It's difficult to grasp the concept of one person being in control of a billion dollars-a billion dollars!-even in the later stages of a fantastic career. But someone in their thirties? Or even twenties? Crazy.
It's not though, and we can't write the world's youngest billionaires off as merely lucky or just born into the right family, either. Some of them definitely had a little of column A and a bit of column B, but you can lose a billion dollars as quickly as you can lose $100 if luck is all you have going for you.
No, these super-rich young people have a lot more going for them than dumb luck. There's much to be learned from the world's youngest billionaires:
Drew Houston, co-founder of Dropbox
Houston famously said, "Don't worry about failure, you only have to be right once."
He should know-the American Internet entrepreneur is worth about $1.2 billion, according to Forbes, and he just celebrated his 31st birthday in March.
Was he lucky to have found that one great, big, right idea at such a young age? Not really. In his 2013 commencement speech at MIT, Houston credited his closest influencers as key to his success, telling the audience, "They say that you're the average of the five people you spend the most time with.... If I hadn't come here, I wouldn't have met Adam, I wouldn't have met my amazing co-founder, Arash, and there would be no Dropbox. One thing I've learned is surrounding yourself with inspiring people is now just as important as being talented or working hard."
Anton Kathrein Jr., Kathrein-Werke AG
Anton Kathrein Jr. will celebrate his 30th birthday this year as the third-generation leader of Kathrein-Werke AG, the oldest and largest antenna manufacturer in the world-and his family's business.
Founded by his grandfather in 1919, the massive company was run by Anton's father until his sudden, untimely death, in 2012. Kathrein Jr. found himself the new leader of an enterprise worth a reported $1.8 billion.
How many people in their late twenties would be prepared for such responsibility? Since the younger Kathrein has stepped in to fill his father's shoes, he's won and kept the confidence of his board and investors.
It takes a resilient person to succeed in the face of such adversity, particularly after suffering a personal tragedy, as Kathrein had.
Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook founder and CEO
If it seems like you read more about Zuck's wardrobe than his business acumen, you're probably not far off the mark. Silicon Valley media love to pick on the young Facebook leader's casual style. It wouldn't be wise to write him off, though.
Zuckerberg has consistently demonstrated that he understands modern society in a way very few do-what's happening today as much as what will happen tomorrow, or several months down the road.
He's been quoted as saying, "In a world that changes really quickly, the only strategy that is guaranteed to fail is not taking risks."
Time and again, he's shown he can not only keep up with but can also stay ahead of the rapid-fire changes in how people want to communicate with one another. The true test has been in implementing his often lofty and risky ideas-and he's passed with flying colors.
Dustin Moskovitz, co-founder, Facebook and Asana
Once the world's youngest billionaire, Moskovitz helped launch Facebook with Mark Zuckerberg from their shared Harvard dorm room.
"There's an idealization of being an entrepreneur, but the most important thing is to have a really great idea," he's said.
Great ideas are Moskovitz's game. After leaving Facebook and dropping out of Harvard, Moskovitz co-founded the popular collaboration and productivity software brand Asana. He's also a notable angel investor and has backed other ideas he believes worthy, including Dave Morin's 20 million user-strong mobile photo-sharing app, Path.
Perenna Kei, Logan Property Holdings
Perenna Kei became the youngest billionaire on the planet this year at age 24, according to Forbes. The majority owner of Logan Property Holdings through a family trust and a number of different companies, Kei now controls the company her father built.
In the age of reality television and constant connectedness, Kei is a breath of fresh air. The Hong Kong native is such a mystery that news publications have been unable to find a single verifiable photo of her. An economics and finance graduate from the University of London, Kei is living proof that investing in education and working hard can still pay off.
I know, I know, it's hard to believe that while Honey Boo Boo rules the airwaves and the Kardashians have built an empire on celebrity for the sake of celebrity, a young woman could rocket to the upper echelons of international business without so much as a TMZ article about her.
Kei is an inspiration to all people in business, but especially smart, hardworking youth-even those who prefer to stay out of the limelight. | <urn:uuid:18e38bd2-263f-44ac-82af-6718447a24b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.inc.com/larry-kim/5-life-changing-lessons-from-the-world-s-youngest-billionaires.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.979459 | 1,081 | 1.984375 | 2 |
At Honokohau Settlement and Kaloko-Honokohau National Park it’s easy to imagine yourself living life Hawaiian style, catching fish from ponds made of lava rock walls, working on the shoreline and under the shade of palm trees and frond-covered hale. The caretakers here have done a terrific job of preserving, restoring, and educating the public to keep alive an important era.
In addition to learning, this is a great spot to relax with your family and play on the beach. The shallow tide pools and fish ponds are a great place to help keiki (children) learn about the ocean. The soft sands and plenty of shade are a great place to enjoy some sunbathing and a nice picnic. | <urn:uuid:adbb8b08-5d5f-44ef-8d14-b11b352ca1f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.hawaiipictureoftheday.com/kaloko-honokohau-national-park/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.914624 | 152 | 1.796875 | 2 |
The popular initiative against the construction of minarets was submitted on 8 July 2008 with 113 540 valid signatures. Its initiators wish to prohibit the building of minarets in Switzerland. They contend that such constructions symbolise a religious and political claim to power that calls into question the Federal Constitution and the Swiss system of law. In the view of the Federal Council, the initiative does not breach mandatory international law and is therefore permissible. Specifically, it does not infringe upon the core human rights that are recognised by all states and must be upheld by all. It is nonetheless irreconcilable with the various human rights that are guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and by the UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (UN Covenant II).
Violates religious freedom and the discrimination ban
In particular, the initiative violates the principle of freedom of religion. Although the ECHR and the UN Covenant II permit religious freedoms to be restricted under certain conditions, those conditions are not fulfilled here. A general ban on the construction of minarets in Switzerland cannot be justified by the protection of public safety and order. It would rule out the necessary review of reasonableness on a case-by-case basis. Furthermore, the initiative disregards Switzerland's ban on discrimination. It targets an Islamic religious symbol in isolation while leaving the comparable symbolic constructions of other religions untouched.
Contradicts the core values of the Federal Constitution
In addition, this initiative, which purports to protect social and legal order in Switzerland, contradicts a number of the basic rights and principles that are rooted in the Federal Constitution: the principle of equality before the law and the ban on discrimination, the freedoms of religion and conscience, the constitutional guarantee of the right of ownership, the principle of proportionality and the observance of international law. A ban on the construction of minarets would also represent an disproportionate degree of interference in cantonal power. Based on their applicable building and spatial planning laws, local authorities are best placed to determine whether or not a construction project should go ahead. There is no reason to deviate from this tried-and-tested system with regard to buildings for a specific religious community.
Ineffective in the fight against extremism
If the aim of the initiative is to put a stop to the growing influence of Islam in Switzerland, it will not achieve this with a general building ban on minarets. Neither does the proposal represent an appropriate means of preventing and combating violence on the part of extremist fundamentalist groups. Federal and cantonal regulations on both domestic security and non-Swiss individuals already provide for effective measures to prevent such activities and protect Switzerland's constitutional foundations. The provisions governing the activities of foreign imams in Switzerland are an example here.
Endangers peace between religions; hinders integration
A ban on minaret construction might endanger peace between religions and hinder the integration of the Muslim population – the overwhelming majority of whom respect Switzerland's legal and social order. Finally, the passing of this popular initiative would not only be met by consternation among the international community, but would also damage Switzerland's standing around the world. This might, in turn, have a negative impact on the security of Swiss facilities and the interests of the Swiss economy. Like members of other religious communities, Muslims in Switzerland cannot invoke their faith to justify non-observance of universally applicable laws. As such, the state has no cause to impose stricter rules on the practice of this faith.
Last modification 27.08.2008 | <urn:uuid:a76e834d-725b-4939-bd39-7d11e985e600> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ejpd.admin.ch/ejpd/en/home/latest-news/news/2008/2008-08-27.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.925599 | 709 | 2.171875 | 2 |
“In this new uncertain world with the face and shape of work forever changed, how can the workplace support mental health and wellbeing?” This is the first time our members have been together since the pandemic began. So much has changed both in the world and within workplaces. The way we work has changed, the state in which we work has changed. The division between work and home is more blurred than ever before. And now more than ever we are existing in a constant state of uncertainty, which brings about an element of, at minimum unease, if not anxiety for many. So what does this mean for employers? How can workplaces support mental health and wellbeing with workers being remote? Have the psychosocial risk factors that exist in the workplace changed now that what is considered a “workplace” has moved well beyond office walls? During this event, we will hear from those who have supported many throughout this disruption, from members and how they have coped, from people with lived experience and have the time to come together as a network to discuss all these themes and many more. | <urn:uuid:04fd38a8-95c3-47cf-b10d-317fe870edc5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.suicidepreventionaust.org/venue/lendlease-barangaroo/?eventDisplay=past | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.983871 | 222 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Return to home1527 Muslim
Somali Chief, Ahmed Gran, uses firearms against the Ethiopians for
the first time.
c1800 Many Bantu people from
Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania were taken from their homes and sold
as slaves in Somalia.
(NW, 9/2/02, p.35)
1934 Dec 5, Italian and
Ethiopian troops clashed at the Ualual on disputed Somali-Ethiopian
1935 Feb 18, Rome reported
sending troops to Italian Somalia.
1940 Dec 16, British carried
out an air raid on Italian Somalia.
1941 Feb 26, British took the
Somali capital in East Africa.
1960 Jun 26, British Somaliland
became independent and five days later was united with Italian
Somaliland as the Somali Republic.
(SFC, 4/10/96, A-5)
1960 Jul 1, Italian Somaliland
joined the British Somaliland Protectorate to form the Republic of
Somalia. The French Somali Coast (Côte française des Somalis)
continued as a French colony until 1967 when it became an overseas
territory of France as ‘Territoire Francais des Afars et des Issas’,
achieving independence in 1977 as Djibouti.
1961 Somalia adopted its first
constitution. A new one was adopted in 1979.
1969 Oct 21, In Somalia Marxist
dictator Maj. Gen. Mohamed Siad Barre (1919-1995) staged a coup and
threw PM Mohamed Ibrahim Egal in jail, where he spent 12 years.
8/16/96, p.A18)(SFEC, 8/31/97, Par p.16)
1972 The Somali language first
became a written language.
(SFEC, 10/10/99, Z1 p.6)
1977 Feb 24, Pres. Carter
announced the US was cutting off all military aid to Ethiopia
because of its human rights violations. The unstated reason was the
US desire to cooperate with Saudi Arabia to lure Somalia from the
Soviet camp, an effort which was ultimately successful.
1977 Oct 18, West German
commandos stormed a hijacked Lufthansa jetliner that was on the
ground in Mogadishu, Somalia, freeing all 86 hostages and killing
three of the four hijackers, Palestinians of the Popular Front for
the Liberation of Palestine. In 1996 Suhaila al-Sayeh was sentenced
to 12 years in prison by a German court.
(SFC, 11/20/96, p.A17)(AP, 10/17/07)
1977 Somalia and Ethiopia
engaged in battle. The Soviet Union provided tanks to both sides.
Somalia tried and failed to push into the Ogaden area of Ethiopia.
The Somalis managed to reach the walled city of Harer, a center for
Islam in Ethiopia. An Ethiopian counter-offensive backed by Cuban
troops wrecked Somalia’s army and led to the 1991 of the Somali
(Econ, 8/12/06, p.19)(Econ, 10/14/06, p.49)(Econ,
1977 The last case of smallpox,
spread by variola virus, was reported in Somalia.
(WSJ, 10/19/01, p.A9)
1978 Feb 7, Ethiopia mounted a
counter attack against Somalia.
1979 Aug 25, Somalia
adopted a 2nd constitution. The first was adopted in 1961 following
1981 Apr, A group of Isaaq
emigres living in London formed the Somali National Movement (SNM),
which subsequently became the strongest of Somalia's various
insurgent movements. According to its spokesmen, the rebels wanted
to overthrow Siad Barre's dictatorship.
1981 Oct, The Somali National
Movement (SNM) rebels elected Ahmad Mahammad Culaid and Ahmad
Ismaaiil Abdi as chairman and secretary general, respectively, of
1981 Oct, The Somali Salvation
Front (SSF) merged with the radical-left Somali Workers Party (SWP)
and the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Somalia (DFLS) to
form the Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF).
1981 Northern Somalia rebelled
against dictator Mohammed Siad Barre. A national civil war followed.
During the civil was an estimated 40,000 people were killed and
about 400,000 refugees fled to Ethiopia.
(SFC, 4/10/96, A-5)
1981 China emerged as a major
arms supplier to the Siad Barre regime in Somalia.
1982 Jan 2, The Somali National
Movement (SNM) launched its first military operation against the
Somali government. Operating from Ethiopian bases.
1983 Feb, Siad Barre visited
northern Somalia in a campaign to discredit the SNM. Among other
things, he ordered the release of numerous civil servants and
businessmen who had been arrested for antigovernment activities,
lifted the state of emergency, and announced an amnesty for Somali
exiles who wanted to return home.
1984 Feb, During a truth
commission in Kenya in 2011 human rights groups and residents said
up to 3,000 people died in February 1984 in a government-sanctioned
operation meant to crack down on ethnic Somalis who were holding
illegal weapons. The killings occurred at Wagalla airstrip, a town
some 310 miles (500 km) northeast of Nairobi.
1991 Jan 27, Muhammad Siad
Barre, the dictator of the Somali Democratic Republic since 1969,
fled Mogadishu as rebels overran his palace and captured the Somali
capital. Dictator Siad Barre was ousted and power fractured into
some 27 warring sides and Ali Mahdi Mohamed declared himself
1991 The northeast corner of
the country declared itself the independent Republic of Somaliland.
(SFC, 4/10/96, A-5)(SFEC,11/23/97, p.A25)
1991 Thousands of Bantus fled
Somalia for Kenya. In 1999 the US designated this group of people as
persecuted and eligible for resettlement in the US.
(NW, 9/2/02, p.35)
1991-1992 Some 350,000 Somalis died from disease,
starvation and civil war.
1992 Aug 14, Pres. Bush ordered
the Pentagon to begin emergency airlifts of food to Somalia which
was suffering from severe famine and factional warfare.
(AP, 8/14/97)(HNQ, 1/1/00)
1992 Aug 28, US cargo planes
landed in Somalia with tons of food for African famine victims.
1992 Oct 9, To protect the US
food airlift, the first American forces arrived.
1992 Nov 26, An aid agency
predicted disaster if the United States sends a large military force
1992 Dec 3, The U.N. Security
Council unanimously approved a U.S.-led military mission to help
1992 Dec 4, President Bush
ordered American troops to lead a mercy mission to Somalia,
threatening military action against warlords and gangs who were
blocking food for starving millions.
1992 Dec 8, Americans got to
see live television coverage of U.S. troops landing on the beaches
of Somalia as Operation Restore Hope began (because of the time
difference, it was early December ninth in Somalia).
1992 Dec 9, U.S. Marines landed
in Somalia to ensure that food and medicine reach the deprived areas
of that country. The US Operations Restore Hope, Continue Hope and
others began in Somalia and ended Mar 3, 1995. They cost $1.7
billion and left 43 US casualties with 153 wounded.
(WSJ, 9/22/99, p.A8)(HN, 12/999)
1992 Dec 20, U.S. Marines and
Belgian paratroopers in Somalia took control of Kismayu's port and
airport; the first truck convoy in more than a month reached the
starving inland town of Baidoa.
1992 Dec 23, An American
mission to save lives in Somalia lost the first of its own when a
U.S. vehicle hit a land mine near Bardera, killing civilian Army
employee Lawrence N. Freedman of Fayetteville, N.C. In all over 100
peacekeepers died in Somalia including 42 Americans.
1992 Dec 25, U.S. Marines
delivered wheat to a refugee camp in Bardera, Somalia, setting off a
small riot among the Somalis; American and French troops also took
control of Hoddur.
1992 Dec 28, Somalia's two main
warlords, Mohamed Farrah Aidid and Ali Mahdi Mohamed, promised an
end to their hostilities.
1992 Dec 31, President Bush
visited Somalia, where he saw firsthand the famine racking the east
African nation. He praised U.S. troops that provided relief to the
1992 Dec, Italy sent 2,500
combat troops to Somalia as part of the US-sponsored multinational
(SFC, 1/26/98, p.A8)
1992 At least 350,000 people
died in the famine that was compounded by clan warfare.
(SFC, 12/26/96, p.B10)
1992 A UN arms embargo was
imposed in Somalia.
1992-1994 Italian Warrant Officer Francesco Aloi
kept a diary while in Somalia and documented instances of rape,
torture and other brutality against the Somalis.
(SFC, 1/26/98, p.A10)
1993 Jan 1, President Bush
continued to tour Somalia, greeting hundreds of cheering youngsters
and foreign relief workers at an orphanage in Baidoa.
1993 Jan 3, Three days after he
was jeered in Sarajevo, U.N. Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali
took refuge from angry Somalis in Mogadishu.
1993 Jan 7, US forces in
Somalia unleashed tank, helicopter and rocket fire on two clan camps
in Mogadishu where snipers had been taking potshots at the troops.
Cpl. James Perciavalle of Leetsdale, Pa., became the 1st US Marine
wounded by friendly fire in Somalia.
(AP, 1/7/98)(Sewickley Herald (Pa), 3/3/93, p.11)
1993 Jan 13, Marine Pvt. 1st
Class Domingo Arroyo became the first U.S. serviceman to be killed
1993 Jan 25, Lance Cpl. Anthony
D. Botello (21) of Wilburton, Oklahoma, was killed by a sniper in
1993 Mar 16, Canadian soldiers
in Somalia beat to death a local teenager, Shidane Arone, during
their participation in the UN humanitarian efforts. An inquiry led
to the disbanding of Canada's elite Canadian Airborne Regiment,
greatly damaged the morale of the Canadian Forces, and damaged both
the domestic and international reputation of Canadian soldiers.
1993 Jun 5, Militiamen loyal to
Mohamed Farrah Aidid killed 24 Pakistani soldiers.
1993 Jun 11, United Nations
forces launched a nighttime attack against the forces of Somali
warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid.
1993 Jun 17, U.N. forces in
Somalia searched in vain for warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid.
1993 Jul 12, In Somalia a mob
avenging a deadly United Nations attack on the compound of Mohamed
Farrah Aidid killed Dan Eldon (22), a US photo-journalist working
for Reuters, and three colleagues. They were stoned and beaten to
death at the scene of a bombing by UN forces of a house believed to
be the headquarters of Gen’l. Aidid.
(SFEM,11/16/97, p.30)(AP, 7/12/98)
1993 Aug 8, Four U.S. soldiers
were killed when a land mine was detonated underneath their vehicle.
This prompted President Clinton to order Army Rangers to try to
capture Somali warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid.
1993 Sep 5, Seven Nigerian
soldiers were killed in a militia ambush in Somalia as they went to
the aid of other UN peacekeepers surrounded by a stone-throwing mob.
1993 Sep 9, About a hundred
Somali gunmen and civilians were killed when U.S. and Pakistani
peacekeepers fired on Somalis attacking other peacekeepers.
1993 Sep 25, Three U.S.
soldiers in Somalia were killed when their helicopter was downed by
a rocket-propelled grenade.
1993 Oct 3, Eighteen US Rangers
and Delta Force specialists died in a botched raid in Somalia and
over 70 were wounded. Master Sgt. Gary Gordon and Sgt. 1st Class
Randy Shughart pulled injured pilot, Chief Warrant Officer 3 Michael
Durant, from the helicopter. Durant survived while Gordon and
Shughart were killed. In 1999 Mark Bowden published "Black Hawk
Dawn," an account of the failed attempt to capture Mohammed Farrah
Aidid. At least 500 Somalis were killed and 1,000 injured.
10/23/95, p.A-18)(WSJ, 3/11/99, p.A20)(SFEC, 3/28/99, BR p.3)(SSFC,
1993 Oct 4, US troops blasted
their way out of Bakara Market in Mogadishu and left an estimated
500 Somalis dead. Dozens of cheering, dancing Somalis dragged the
body of an American soldier through the streets of Mogadishu.
(SFC, 5/6/99, p.E4)(AP, 10/4/98)
1993 Oct 7, President Clinton
ordered more troops, heavy armor and naval firepower to Somalia, but
also announced he would pull out all Americans by the end of March
1993 Oct 9, Special U.S. envoy
Robert Oakley traveled to Somalia in an attempt to revive a
tentative peace agreement reached by Somali clan leaders.
1993 Oct 10, Thousands of
Somalis demonstrated in the capital of Mogadishu to support warlord
Mohamed Farrah Aidid, an event that coincided with the arrival of
special U.S. envoy Robert Oakley.
1993 Oct 14, U.S. helicopter
pilot Michael Durant and a Nigerian peacekeeper were freed by Somali
fighters loyal to Mohamed Farrah Aidid.
1993 Osama Bin Laden was
suspected of supplying weapons to shoot down American helicopters.
(SFC, 8/17/98, p.A12)
1993 Muhammad Atef, a top Osama
bin Laden lieutenant, and 6 other al Qaeda operatives, set up
training camps in Somalia to help Somali tribes oppose a UN
(SSFC, 9/30/01, p.A13)
1994 Jan 31, A convoy of U.S.
soldiers opened fire on hundreds of Somali civilians outside a food
distribution center, killing at least eight.
1994 Mar 20, Ilaria Alpi (32),
Italian journalist, was shot and killed in Somalia along with her
cameraman, Miran Hrovatin, on the same day that Italian troops left
the country. She had collected evidence of brutality by Italian
officers against Somalis along with evidence of illegal gun-running.
(SFC, 1/26/98, p.A8)
1994 Mar 25, American troops
completed their withdrawal from Somalia following a largely
unsuccessful fifteen-month mission. 20,000 U.N. troops were left
behind to keep the peace and facilitate "nation building."
1994 The laying of mines rose
to new heights of terror as civilian areas were deliberately
targeted. Truck loads of mines were scattered in houses, wells,
river-crossings, markets, and even cemeteries.
1995 Feb 20, An American
Marine, Sgt. Justin A. Harris, died in a helicopter crash during the
evacuation of United Nations forces from Somalia.
1995 Mar 1, Somalia militiamen
loyal to warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid seized control of the
Mogadishu airport after peacekeepers withdrew.
1995 Mar 2, The last U.N.
peacekeepers in Somalia were evacuated.
1995 Mohamed Farak Aidid
declared himself to be president.
(SFEC, 8/31/97, Par p.16)
1995 In Kenya the three Somali
clans in the Wajir district -- the Ajuran, Ogaden and Degodia,
settled their differences in a peace agreement that led to the
formation of the Wajir Peace and Development Committee.
1996 Apr 5, Heavy fighting in
Mogadishu, Somalia, left 75 people dead after peace talks broke down
between clan leaders Mohamed Farak Aidid and his former backer,
Osman Hassan Ali Atto.
(SFC, 4/6/96, p.D-2)
1996 Aug 12, It was reported
that 2 Ethiopian businessmen were killed in retaliation for an
incursion into Somalia by Ethiopia’s army.
(WSJ, 8/12/96, p.A1)
1996 Aug 1, In Somalia Mohamed
Farrah Aidid died from wounds in a gun battle with a faction headed
by his brother. General Muhammad Aideed (Mohamed Aidid) had employed
a printing press to reproduce the country’s 1,000 shillings note.
The value of the note fell from $.13 to $.03, or about the cost of
producing an additional note. Forging stopped as the profit margin
1996 Aug 2, Mohamed Farrah
Aidid was buried after dying from wounds received during fighting in
Mogadishu. Followers named his son, Hussein, as their new leader.
(WSJ, 8/5/96, p.A1)
1996 Sep 23, Ethiopian forces
exchanged fire with Somali militiamen.
(SFC, 9/25/96, p.A10)
1996 Oct 16, An agreement was
reached by faction leaders Hussein Aidid, Ali Mahdi Mohamed
and Ali Hassan Osman Atto, to implement a peace accord.
(SFC, 10/17/96, A11)
1996 Dec 17, Militia fighters
of Ali Mahdi Mohamed attacked the headquarters of Hussein Aidid in
the 5th consecutive day of fighting that brought the number of dead
up to 135.
(SFC, 12/18/96, p.C1)
1997 Jul 3, A Canadian
commission, established to review the actions of peace-keeping
troops in Somalia between 1992-93, concluded that the troops were
unprepared and victimized by commanders who ignored problems that
escalated to torture and the killing of a Somali teenager.
(SFC, 7/3/97, p.C2)
1997 Nov 10, A month of rains
blamed on El Nino caused flooding in the Juba River Valley and left
some 800,000 people homeless and at least 23 dead. The death toll
increased to 564.
(WSJ, 11/10/97, p.A1)(SFC,11/14/97, p.D3)
1997 Nov 15, In East Africa it
was reported that storms over the past three weeks have killed at
least 1000 people in Ethiopia and in Somalia and left some 100,000
families displaced and in competition with crocodiles and hippos for
1997 Nov 21, Five UN and
European aid workers were kidnapped by fighters of the Wasangeli
subclan in apparent retaliation for the seizure of a Palestinian
businessman by a rival subclan, the Marjeteen, earlier in the day.
1997 Nov 22, The Marjeteen
attacked the Wasangeli and 2 fighters on each side were killed.
1997 Nov 23, Somali villagers
isolated for weeks by flooding finally received aid from boats
traveling down the Juba river.
1997 Nov 24, All hostages were
released by the rival Marjeteen and Wasangeli militiamen.
1997 Dec 8, Doctors reported
that 31 children had died of cholera in recent days and that
medicine was needed to prevent an epidemic.
1997 Dec 22, Leaders of the
rival factions approved a plan to restore national government. An
interim government was planned with power shared among the factions.
1998 Jan 4, Some 60,000 Somalis
gathered in Mogadishu to celebrate the peace accord. The top 3
warlords promised to open the seaport and airport.
(WSJ, 2/5/98, p.A1)
1998 Mar 26, A boatload of
Somali refugees sank off the coast of Yemen and killed 180 of 188
(SFC, 4/1/98, p.A10)
1998 Mar 29, Factional fighting
killed 13 people in Hobyo, 2 days before a national reconciliation
(WSJ, 3/30/98, p.A1)
1998 Mar 30, Ali Mohamed Mahdi
and Hussein Mohamed Aidid agreed to a joint administration for
Mogadishu after 7 years of fighting. 30 people were killed as rival
clans clashed in Kismayu.
(SFC, 3/31/98, p.B3)
1998 Apr 15, Ten aid workers
were kidnapped in Mogadishu.
(WSJ, 4/16/98, p.A1)
1998 Apr 24, The kidnapped aid
workers were released.
(SFC, 4/25/98, p.A9)
1998 May 8, Fighting in Kismayo
between rival militias left 23 dead and 30 wounded.
(SFC, 5/9/98, p.A12)
1998 Nov 21, It was reported
the in Somalia African honey bees killed 7 people near the village
of Tikhsile as they searched for food for their livestock.
(SFC, 11/21/98, p.A6)
1998 Dec 8, At least 18 people
were killed and 30 wounded in clashes between 2 rival clans in
(SFC, 12/9/98, p.B8)
1998 Waris Dirie and Cathleen
Miller authored “Desert Flower: The Extraordinary Journey of a
Desert Nomad." It was the story of Dirie and her flight from an
arranged marriage to become a supermodel.
(SFEC, 12/12/98, BR p.6)
1998 Nurrudin Farah published
his novel “Secrets" set amid the strife of the current civil war. It
was part of a trilogy that included "Maps" and "Gifts." Mr. Farah
won the Neustadt Int'l. Prize for Literature this same year. He was
exiled some 20 years earlier from Somalia following the publication
of his novel "Sweet and Sour Milk."
(SFEC, 7/5/98, BR p.4)(WSJ, 9/10/99, p.W6)
1998 Abdulahhi Yusuf (Yussuf)
was elected by elders in Puntland. Yusuf was later challenged by
Jama Ali Jama.
(SSFC, 1/6/02, p.A7)
1999 Feb 15, It was reported
that cholera in Bandera, Somalia, has killed at least 60 people and
infected over 250.
(WSJ, 2/16/99, p.A1)
1999 Feb 23, Militiamen loyal
to Hussein Aidid reported that they had killed 60 civilians in the
Baidoa town and the village of Daynunay.
(SFC, 2/24/99, p.C3)
1999 Jun 28, Ethiopian forces
captured the regional capital of Garba Harre, 250 miles northwest of
(SFC, 6/29/99, p.A9)
1999 Aug 12, Ethiopia claimed
to have almost eliminated 3 rebel groups based in Somalia which it
said were supported by Eritrea. Most of the 1,103 killed or captured
rebels were of the Oromo Liberation Front.
(SFC, 8/13/99, p.D2)
1999 Aug 31, Clan gunmen killed
14 people and wounded 20 in a bus attack outside Mogadishu.
(SFC, 9/1/99, p.A16)
1999 In Somalia Hassan Sheikh
Mohamud helped found the Somali Institute of Management and
Administration Development to train administrators and technicians
to help rebuild Somalia.
2000 Jan 2 Shuab Mohamed
Hussein, a CARE engineer, was killed during an ambush north of
(SFC, 1/4/00, p.A12)
2000 Apr 19, Over 110 people
died over the last 2 days from an outbreak of cholera. 70 dead were
in the Ufatest commune and 40 in the village of Bulo Addey.
(SFC, 4/20/00, p.C4)
2000 Apr 25, In southwestern
Somalia nearly 400 people in famine-ridden villages were reported
dead from cholera over the last 2 weeks.
(SFC, 4/25/00, p.A14)
2000 May 2, Djibouti Pres.
Ismael Omar Guelleh set up talks in Arta to establish a government
(SFC, 8/14/00, p.A1)
2000 May 20, It was reported
that three weeks of excessive rainfall had submerged central
(SFC, 5/20/00, p.D8)
2000 Jul, Thousands of Somalis
took to the streets of Mogadishu in support of a peace conference in
(SFC, 8/2/00, p.A12)
2000 Aug 13, Over 2,000 Somali
leaders gathered in Djibouti to form a central government with a new
225-member parliament. Somalia swore in legislators for its first
central government after almost a decade of internecine warfare.
(SFC, 8/14/00, p.A1)(AP, 8/13/01)
2000 Aug 26, Abdiqasim Salad
Hassan, a former interior minister, won the presidential elections.
(SFEC, 8/27/00, p.C12)
2000 Sep 6, Clan fighting left
at least 25 people dead and 18 injured in villages north of
(WSJ, 9/7/00, p.A1)
2000 Sep 18, Somali gunmen
freed 2 European aid workers.
(SFC, 9/19/00, p.A10)
2000 Oct 14, Pres. Abdiqasim
Salad Hassan returned from Djibouti.
(SFC, 10/16/00, p.F8)
2000 Nov 17, Gunmen killed 7
people in an attack of a convoy escorting Ahmed Dualeh Ghellel, a
prominent businessman and new legislator. This was the 2nd attack in
a week against a new member of parliament.
(SFC, 11/18/00, p.C16)
2000 In Somalia Islamists
formed the Union of Islamic Courts, a national federation of sharia
jurists. It was overthrown in 2006 with foreign help.
(Econ, 10/15/11, p.18)
2001 Jan 6, In Somalia
Rahanwein Resistance Army gunmen attacked government forces
escorting officials and at least 9 people were killed near Teiglow
(SSFC, 1/7/01, p.D2)
2001 Mar 27, Militiamen
attacked a relief convoy and 14 Somalis were killed. 5 kidnapped aid
workers were freed the next day, but 4 remained hostage. 2 Britons
were released April 4.
(SFC, 3/28/01, p.A10)(WSJ, 3/29/01, p.A1)(SFC,
2001 May 12, Aidid forces
gained control of the seaport at Mogadishu in fighting with the
Suleiman clan militia. 40 people were left dead including 21
(SSFC, 5/13/01, p.A13)
2001 cMay 18, The captain and
crew of a cargo ship from Bosaso forced overboard some 150
passengers after the vessel developed engine trouble. At least 86
people drowned. Police arrested the captain on June 21.
(SFC, 6/22/01, p.A16)
2001 May 19, In Somalia luggage
in a bus exploded near Halgan and 26 passengers were killed.
Gunpowder in a suitcase was placed near the engine.
(SSFC, 5/20/01, p.A16)
2001 cJul 1, The fledgling
government staged a show of force in Mogadishu with some 10,000
police and troops.
(WSJ, 7/2/01, p.A1)
2001 Jul 12, Fighting broke out
between rival subgroups of the Abgal clan in the Suq-Fad’ad market
of Mogadishu and at least 14 people were killed.
(SFC, 7/14/01, p.A11)
2001 Oct 28, In Somalia PM Ali
Khalif Galaydh lost a no-confidence vote after a tenure of 13
months. Pres. Abdiqasim Salad Hassan prepared to nominate a new PM.
(SFC, 10/29/01, p.A9)
2001 Nov 25, Ethiopia sent
troops into the northeastern Somali region of Puntland to help Col.
Abdullahi Yussuf (Yusuf) regain power. Yussuf was overthrown Aug 26
after his 3-year term ended. On Nov 21 Yussuf launched an attack on
Garoweh, the capital of Puntland and said it was to crush Islamic
(SFC, 11/26/01, p.A11)(WSJ, 11/28/01, p.A10)
2001 Warlord Hussein Mohammed
Aidid advised Pres. Bush that Al Barakaat, a money transfer and
telecom company, had ties to terrorists and that there were
terrorists in Somalia sympathetic to Osama bin Laden.
(SSFC, 1/6/02, p.A7)
2002 Jan 3, The US announced
increased military operations in Somalia and prepared to send
Marines there. It was suspected that Al Qaeda fighters might attempt
fleeing to Somalia.
(SFC, 1/4/02, p.A19)(WSJ, 1/4/02, p.A14)
2002 Apr 30, A fire destroyed
half of the Bakara market in Mogadishu. At least 7 people were
killed in attempts to stop looters.
(SFC, 5/1/02, p.A13)
2002 May 24, In Mogadishu
hundreds of gunmen, loyal to Mohamed Dhereh and opposed to the
transitional government, attacked the home of Interior Minister
Dahir Dayah and killed at least 8 people.
(SFC, 5/25/02, p.A13)
2002 Jun 27, In central Somalia
rival militias fought a fierce battle over the deaths of fellow
clansmen, leaving 23 people dead and 40 wounded just one day after a
peace deal was reached.
2002 Jun 29, Somalia's
transitional government formally called for the U.N. Security
Council to send an armed force to the Horn of Africa nation.
2002 Jul 5, In Somalia a mutiny
against a prominent faction leader entered a second day, with street
fighting in the city of Baidoa leaving eight militiamen dead and
injuring 25 others, including civilians.
2002 Sep 5, In Somalia
militiamen tied white flags to their weapons as an informal
cease-fire halted two days of fierce fighting in a capital area that
has left more than 25 people dead and 50 wounded.
2002 Oct 4, In central Somalia
heavy fighting between the Sa'ad subclan and the Majerten clan
killed at least 10 people and injured 25 others.
2002 Oct 13, In Somalia a boat
that had carried 120 Somalis and Ethiopians from the village of
Marear more than two weeks ago, landed with 50 survivors. The engine
failed, leaving them drifting in the Gulf of Aden. At least 70
people who were headed to Persian Gulf states in search of jobs
2002 Oct 24, In Kenya would-be
carjackers shot and killed Esterlin Abdi Arush (45), a Somali human
rights activist, at the gate of the house where she was staying in
2002 Oct 29, In southwestern
Somalia hundreds of rival militiamen armed with heavy weapons fought
for control of a strategic border town, leaving 25 dead and 37
2002 Dec 24, In Somalia 3
unidentified gunmen opened fire on a school minibus in Mogadishu,
killing four students and wounding 10 others.
2003 Jan 4, A boat from Somalia
to Yemen developed engine trouble and capsized and at least 80
people were feared dead.
2003 May 20, The first of more
than 12,000 Somali Bantus awaiting resettlement set out for the US,
leaving at long last the refugee camps where most have lived for a
2003 Jul 5, Delegates at a
Somali peace conference agreed to create a federal government.
2003 Jul 9, In northwestern
Somalia 3 days of fighting among hundreds of gunmen from rival
clan-based factions killed more than 40 people and wounded 90.
2003 Sep 15, Over 360 Somali
delegates in Kenya adopted a transitional charter that outlines a
future government for the troubled African nation.
2003 Oct 5, In Somalia
Annalena Tonelli (60), an Italian aid worker who dedicated 33 years
of her life to helping Somalis, was shot and killed outside the
hospital she founded to treat tuberculosis patients.
2003 Dec 16, In central Somalia
rival militias battled over barren desert lands in fighting that
killed at least 31 people and wounded 50 others.
2004 Jan 29, Somalia's feuding
leaders signed an agreement to form a new government based along
clan lines, the first deal of its kind to include all armed groups
that have torn the country apart for the last 13 years.
2004 Mar 30, A boat carrying
107 people sank during the crossing from Somalia to Yemen and only
four other people, including two crew members, were rescued.
2004 Mar, Somalia’s 1st
Coca-Cola bottling plant opened in Mogadishu.
(Econ, 4/3/04, p.50)
2004 Apr, Pres. Kibaki’s
government announced that Kenya would no longer recognize Somali
(Econ, 6/12/04, p.46)
2004 Oct 10, Members of
Somalia’s transitional parliament elected Col. Abdullahi Yusuf (70)
as interim president.
(SFC, 10/11/04, p.A3)
2004 Dec 11, Somalia's
parliament passed a motion of no-confidence against the country's
new prime minister and his Cabinet, effectively sacking the
government. Some 153 members of the 275-member transitional
parliament voted against Prime Minister Ali Mohammed Gedi, accusing
him of failing to respect power-sharing arrangements agreed to by
warlords and the country's main clans.
2004 Dec 26, The world's most
powerful earthquake in 40 years triggered massive tidal waves that
slammed into villages and seaside resorts across southern and
southeast Asia. The initial estimated death toll of 9,000 soon rose
to some 230,000 people in 14 countries. The magnitude 9.0 earthquake
was the world's fifth-largest since 1900 and the largest since a 9.2
temblor hit Prince William Sound Alaska in 1964. The epicenter was
located 155 miles south-southeast of Banda Aceh, the capital of Aceh
province on Sumatra, and six miles under the seabed of the Indian
Ocean. In Indonesia at least 166,320 people were killed.
Bangladesh reported 2 killed; India: at least 9,691 deaths:
thousands were missing and possibly dead in India's remote Andaman
and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia: At least 101,318 people were killed
on Sumatra island and small islands off its coast. Kenya reported 1
killed. Malaysia: At least 68 people, including an unknown number of
foreign tourists, were dead. Myanmar: At least 90 people were
killed. Sri Lanka: At least 30,680 were killed in government and
rebel controlled areas. The Maldives, an archipelago of 1,190
low-lying coral islands and a tiny population of 280,000, at least
82 people were killed and missing. At least 42 islands were
flattened in the low-lying atoll nation. Somalia: At least 298 were
killed. Tanzania: At least 10 killed. Thailand: The confirmed death
toll for Thailand reached 5,322, but many suspected Myanmar migrants
were not counted.
(SFC, 12/28/04, p.A1)(AP, 12/30/04)(SSFC, 1/2/05,
p.A12)(AP, 1/7/05)(Econ, 1/22/05, p.41)(AP, 12/25/09)
2005 Jan 22, Somalia's
government vowed to bring to justice militiamen who exhumed hundreds
of skeletons from an Italian colonial-era cemetery and dumped them
near Mogadishu's airport.
2005 Feb 9, In Somalia BBC
journalist Kate Peyton was shot to death outside a Mogadishu hotel
where she had interviewed some members of the interim parliament.
(SFC, 2/19/05, p.A14)
2005 May 3, An explosion
erupted as Somalia's provisional prime minister was starting a
speech, killing at least seven people and causing an undetermined
number of injuries at a government rally in Mogadishu's soccer
2005 May 14, Warlords began
withdrawing thousands of militia fighters from the Somali capital in
a bid to restore order after more than 15 years of anarchy and civil
2005 June 27, In Somalia gunman
hijacked the MV Semlow, a ship carrying food aid, and held the
vessel for 100 days before it was released Oct. 4.
2005 Jul 4, The UN’s World Food
Program (WFP) said it has suspended aid shipments to lawless Somalia
after gunmen hijacked a vessel it chartered and demanded a $500,000
2005 Aug 13, Rival militias in
arid southwestern Somalia battled for control over a village with
pastures and wells. Twelve combatants died, and hundreds of
2005 Aug 31, Some 200 Somalis
and Ethiopians left Somalia's semiautonomous Puntland region in two
boats. Smugglers making the illegal crossing from Somalia to Yemen
forced passengers into the Red Sea at gunpoint 10 miles from the
Yemeni coastline, leaving at least 57 dead and about 100 missing.
2005 Sep 23, Police in the
breakaway republic of Somaliland raided houses in the capital,
Hargeisa, where al-Qaida militants were believed holed up and
captured four suspects after a shootout. A fifth suspect was
arrested 20 miles away. Pres. Dahir Riyale Kahnin said the men were
mostly locals trained at a camp outside Mogadishu, Somalia.
(AP, 9/23/05)(Econ, 10/1/05, p.43)
2005 Oct 12, In Somalia 6 armed
men hijacked the MV Miltzow, a ship carrying food aid, as it was
unloading at the port of Merka, marking the second such incident in
2005 Oct 14, Somalia's PM Ali
Mohamed Gedi called on neighboring countries to send warships to
patrol his nation's waters after pirates seized a 3rd cargo vessel
delivering food aid.
2005 Oct 17, Abdi Hassan Awale,
who once served as Somalia's interior minister, was arrested on
suspicion of war crimes while attending a conference in Sweden. He
is suspected of being a militia leader during the Oct 3, 1993,
"Black Hawk Down" battle that left 18 Americans dead.
2005 Nov 5, The cruise ship MV
Seaborn Spirit, carrying at least 600 tourists from Europe, narrowly
escaped seizure by gunmen off the pirate-infested Somali coast when
it sped off to the high seas amid a trail of gunfire. At least 23
hijackings and attempted seizures have been recorded off the Somalia
coastline since mid-March, according to the International Maritime
Bureau (IMB), which has warned ships to stay as far away from the
coast as possible and keep radio communication to the minimal.
2005 Nov 6, Gunmen in Mogadishu
threw grenades and a land mine exploded near the convoy carrying
Somalia's PM Ali Mohamed Gedi, but the leader escaped unharmed. At
least two people were killed and 12 wounded in the attack.
2005 Nov 27, Pirates freed a
Ukrainian cargo ship seized nearly 40 days ago off the coast of
Somalia. The Panahia and its 22 crew members were seized Oct 18. It
was not immediately clear if the $700,000 ransom demanded by the
pirates had been paid.
2005 Dec 25, In Somalia
warlords and civilians installed a council to govern Mogadishu, an
action that further fragments the nation but could bring the capital
under the control of a single group after 14 years of anarchy.
2005 Dec 29, Drought was
reported to have triggered extreme food shortages in the East
African countries of Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia, putting millions
of people at risk of famine as the lean dry season approaches.
2005 In Somalia some three
dozen Somalis formed a club of Islamists, soon dubbing themselves
Shabab (Arabic for youth).
(Econ, 6/8/13, p.87)
2005 According to the
International Maritime Bureau the number of overall reported at-sea
hijackings by pirates off the Somali coast was 35, compared with two
2006 Jan 1, East African
leaders said that millions of people in the region faced hunger
because poor rains had affected vital crops and pasture. Burundi,
Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia and Tanzania faced acute food shortages.
2006 Jan 21, US Navy vessels
sent warning shots and captured the crew of a suspected pirate ship
in the Indian Ocean off Somalia's coast. The US Navy boarded the
pirate ship and detained 26 men for questioning. Sailors aboard the
dhow told Navy investigators that pirates hijacked the vessel six
days ago near Mogadishu and thereafter used it to stage pirate
attacks on merchant ships.
2006 Feb, In Somalia a warlord
alliance, the Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and
Counter-Terrorism (ARPCT), was created with US support in a bid to
curb the growing influence of the Islamic courts, hunt down the
extremists they are accused of sheltering and disrupt feared plans
for new terrorist attacks.
2006 Mar 18, Two US Navy
warships exchanged gunfire with suspected pirates off the coast of
Somalia, and one suspect was killed and five others were wounded.
2006 Mar 21, The UN appealed
for nearly $327 million in aid to help starving people in southern
Somalia, which is suffering its worst drought in a decade.
2006 Mar 24, In Mogadishu,
Somalia, 13 people were killed as fighting continued between Islamic
militia fighters and forces opposed to fundamentalist clerics. 3
days of clashes left at least 73 people dead.
(SFC, 3/25/06, p.A3)
2006 Mar 25, In Somalia
hundreds of heavily armed Islamic militiamen launched an offensive
to try to capture a key port and airstrip on the northeastern
outskirts of Mogadishu.
2006 Mar 29, Some 20 Filipino
seamen were seized after their oil tanker, the United Arab
Emirates-registered MT LIN1, offloaded its cargo at a southern
Somali port. The men were released in July 15 following
2006 Apr 4, The South Korean
ship 628 Dongwon was seized by eight armed assailants, who
approached in two speed boats firing guns off the coast of Somalia.
25 crew members were reported safe and officials sought their
release. The sailors were released July 30 after more than $800,000
in ransom was paid.
(AP, 4/5/06)(AP, 7/30/06)
2006 Apr 5, Militants who
captured the South Korean fishing vessel off the coast of Somalia
denied they were pirates and said they were defending their waters
from illegal fishing.
2006 Apr 17, Somalia granted
the US Navy permission to patrol coastal waters to combat piracy.
(WSJ, 4/18/06, p.A1)
2006 Apr, Somalia’s
transitional government named Mohamud Hassan Ali (52), a resident of
Minnesota since 2000, as mayor of Mogadishu. His uncle had served as
mayor of Mogadishu from 1959-1963.
(SSFC, 6/11/06, p.A22)
2006 May 7, Officials said
pirates who hijacked a cargo ship off the coast of Somalia and
killed one of its crew members have released the vessel after
holding it for a week.
2006 May 9, Somalian factions
said they have agreed to a truce following clashes between Islamic
fighters and a warlord alliance that have killed about 60 people.
(WSJ, 5/10/06, p.A1)
2006 May 10, In Somalia a brief
truce collapsed in Mogadishu and renewed fighting pushed the death
toll to almost 100 people over 4 days of fighting.
(WSJ, 5/11/06, p.A1)
2006 May 11, In Somalia
fighters loyal to secular warlords and Islamic extremists fired
artillery and mortars at each other Mogadishu as hundreds of
families fled violence that has killed at least 122 people over five
2006 May 13, In Somalia Islamic
militia and secular fighters pounded each other with heavy artillery
and mortar fire as the death toll rose to 142 in seven days of
fighting for control of a neighborhood north of the Mogadishu.
2006 May 16, In Somalia
fighting between Islamic militias and rival secular fighters killed
two people on the outskirts of Mogadishu, despite a weekend
cease-fire ending days of bloodshed in the capital.
2006 May 16, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, a
Somali-born member of Parliament, said she will resign and leave
Holland after the government said she was improperly granted
citizenship. She became an internationally known opponent of some
violent types of Islam.
2006 May 17, A secular alliance
that is battling fundamentalist Islamic militias in Somalia charged
that its rivals are bolstered by fighters from the Middle East,
Pakistan and elsewhere, and said it has the bodies to prove it. The
interim government said the US was supporting secular warlords
fighting Islamic groups for control of Mogadishu.
(AP, 5/17/06)(SFC, 5/18/06, p.A11)
2006 May 25, In Somalia renewed
fighting between Islamic militias and secular warlords killed at
least 38 people in Mogadishu and sent thousands of frightened
civilians running from their homes.
2006 May 27, In Mogadishu,
Somalia, Islamic militiamen and rival secular fighters traded
machine-gun, rocket and mortar fire, killing at least eight and
wounding a dozen as residents fled on foot or in hired minivans.
2006 May 31, In Somalia Islamic
militias and secular warlords resumed fighting for control of
Mogadishu, killing at least 13 people and wounding 11 after a
2006 Jun 3, In Somalia 5 people
were killed in fighting between Islamic militiamen and their secular
rivals on the outskirts of Mogadishu.
2006 Jun 5, An Islamic militia
said it has seized Somalia's capital after weeks of bloody fighting
and 15 years of anarchy in this Horn of Africa nation, raising fears
that the nation could fall under the sway of al-Qaida. Some 350
fighters and civilians had been killed over the past month with at
least 2,000 wounded.
(AP, 6/5/06)(Econ, 6/10/06, p.44)
2006 Jun 7, In Somalia Islamist
leaders in control of Mogadishu agreed to talks with the country’s
transitional government. A counter-offensive by rival warlords,
supported by the US, still posed a threat.
(SFC, 6/8/06, p.A18)
2006 Jun 13, Seven east African
nations imposed travel bans on Somali warlords, who lost bloody
battles with Islamist fighters over Mogadishu, and froze their
assets in effort to push them into peace talks.
2006 Jun 14, Somali lawmakers
in Baidoa approved a peacekeeping mission for Somalia.
Fighters determined to install Islamic rule across Somalia won a
strategic town, entering Jowhar after their secular rivals fled
their last stronghold in the south.
2006 Jun 16, In Somalia some
10,000 opponents of an international peacekeeping mission
demonstrated in Mogadishu, which is controlled by an Islamic militia
accused by the US of harboring wanted al-Qaida members.
2006 Jun 17, The leader of
Somalia's increasingly powerful Islamic militia accused Ethiopian
troops of crossing into the country, a charge Ethiopia denied.
2006 Jun 22, Somalia's largely
powerless government and the Islamic fighters who control the
country's capital agreed to stop military action and recognize each
2006 Jun 23, In Somalia Martin
Adler, a Swedish television cameraman, was fatally shot by an
unidentified gunman during a demonstration in Mogadishu.
2006 Jun 24, In Somalia Sheikh
Hassan Dahir Aweys, a fundamentalist Muslim, who the US suspects of
collaborating with al-Qaida terrorists, was named as the new leader
of an Islamic militia that has seized control of Mogadishu. Aweys
was aided by fighters loosely linked to the Shabab, the armed wing
of Islamic Courts Union.
(AP, 6/24/06)(Econ, 7/1/06, p.44)(Econ, 7/5/08,
2006 Jun 27, In Mogadishu,
Somalia, members of an Islamic militia that controls most of
southern Somalia battled for a clan-held checkpoint, killing five
people before declaring victory.
2006 Jun 29, The hard-line
Muslim leaders who have seized control of much of southern Somalia
claimed authority throughout the country in yet another blow to the
largely powerless but internationally recognized interim government.
2006 Jun 30, Three Darfur rebel
groups, that have refused to sign up to an African Union-mediated
peace deal for the troubled western Sudanese region, formed a new
alliance to fight Khartoum. Officials from the groups created the
National Redemption Front (NRF) after talks in the Eritrean capital
and reaffirmed their opposition to the Abuja peace agreement.
2006 Jul 1, About 100 Ethiopian
troops entered the Somali border town of Beled-Hawo in eight
military vehicles, the latest sign that Ethiopia might try to
bolster this country's weak interim government as an Islamic militia
gains increasing power.
2006 Jul 2, Africa's leaders
meeting in Gambia agreed to send troops to Somalia to support
regional efforts at calming the chaotic east African state.
2006 Jul 4, Radical Islamic
militia fighters in Somalia shot and killed two people who were
watching a World Cup soccer broadcast. The Islamic group that
controls Somalia's capital soon arrested two of its own militiamen
for killing two people who were watching the soccer match.
(AP, 7/5/06)(AP, 7/6/06)
2006 Jul 6, Members of the
radical Islamic group that controls Somalia's capital met African,
Arab and European officials and repeated their opposition to the
deployment of peacekeepers to stabilize the lawless country.
2006 Jul 8, The Islamic
militiamen controlling the Somali capital broke up a wedding
celebration because a band, the Mogadishu Stars, was playing and
women and men were socializing together. Band members were flogged
with electric cables.
(AP, 7/8/06)(Econ, 7/15/06, p.47)
2006 Jul 9, In Somalia 20
people were killed in bloody fighting as Islamic fighters fought
supporters of Abdi Awale Qaybdiid, who refused to disarm.
2006 Jul 10, Somalia's Islamic
militia battled a pocket of resistance, pounding Mogadishu with
machine-gun fire and rocket-propelled grenades and at least 7 people
2006 Jul 11, Hundreds of
fighters who were battling Somalia's Islamic militia in Mogadishu
surrendered after a surge of violence that killed more than 70
people and wounded 150.
2006 Jul 14, Somalia's nearly
powerless interim government said it would boycott weekend peace
talks with the Islamic militia that has seized control of nearly all
the nation's south, accusing the group of civilian massacres and
ties to foreign terrorists.
2006 Jul 18, In Somalia Islamic
militiamen who rule Mogadishu arrested about 60 people for watching
videos in several overnight raids.
2006 Jul 20, Residents of
central Somalia said that hundreds of Ethiopian troops were
patrolling the town of Baidoa in armored vehicles, less than a day
after Islamic militants moved near the base of the weak, UN-backed
2006 Jul 21, An Islamic militia
leader called for a holy war against Ethiopian troops protecting
Somalia's weak UN-backed government.
2006 Jul 22, Ethiopian troops
sent to bolster Somalia's weak government against a powerful Islamic
militia moved into a second Somali town and seized a strategic
2006 Jul 23, In Somalia a local
rights group said gunmen have killed 682 civilians, including a
foreign journalist, in executions over the past year.
2006 Jul 26, Somalia's
virtually powerless government said a cargo plane landed at the
capital's airport and was carrying weapons for Islamic militants who
have seized control of much of southern Somalia. A spokesman for the
country's official government, based 150 miles northwest of
Mogadishu, said the plane was carrying land mines, bombs and
long-range guns from Eritrea for a militia loyal to the Supreme
Islamic Courts Council.
2006 Jul 27, At least 20
members of Somalia's parliament resigned, accusing the country's
virtually powerless government of failing to bring peace. The
parliament is supposed to have 275 member but 16 members have
defected to the Islamic militia and other seats remain unfilled
after members' deaths.
2006 Jul 28, Hundreds of people
rioted near the headquarters of Somalia's virtually powerless
government after a Cabinet minister was fatally shot outside a
2006 Jul 29, Somalia's PM
Mohammed Ali Gedi accused Egypt, Libya and Iran of providing weapons
for Islamic militants who have seized control of much of this
2006 Jul 30, The first
commercial flight in a decade departed Mogadishu’s newly reopened
international airport, demonstrating how Islamic militants have
pacified the once-anarchic capital and much of southern Somalia.
2006 Jul 31, In Somalia 275
militiamen with 50 pickup trucks mounted with anti-aircraft guns
were sent to central Somalia to break up the bases of Somali pirates
who have been kidnapping sailors.
2006 Aug 2, Somali leaders
struggled to regroup after a week in which 29 ministers quit the
government, with the defectors urging the virtually powerless
administration to reconcile with Islamic militants who have seized
2006 Aug 6, A government
spokesman said Somalia's top interim leaders have agreed to end a
rift threatening the fragile administration after crisis talks led
by Seyoum Mesfin, Ethiopia's foreign affairs minister.
2006 Aug 16, In Mogadishu,
Somalia, Islamic leaders gave seven men 40 lashes each for using or
selling marijuana, meting out the punishment in public in a dramatic
example of the region's new fundamentalist rule.
2006 Aug 21, Somalia’s
embattled PM Ali Mohamed Gedi named a new Cabinet, two weeks after
the old one was dissolved amid a rift within the UN-backed
transitional government over how to respond to the growing influence
of Islamic militants.
2006 Aug 22, Ethiopian troops
reportedly arrived in the central Somali town of Galkayo. The move
may stoke tensions with the Islamic militiamen who control most of
southern Somalia. They were seen inside the town in 13 vehicles.
2006 Aug 23, Somalia’s seaport
in Mogadishu reopened for the first time in 11 years, the latest
sign that the city's Islamic fundamentalist rulers are trying to
restore confidence after more than a decade of anarchy.
2006 Sep 4, Somalia's weak
government and an Islamic militia that controls much of the south
signed an agreement to eventually form a unified national army.
2006 Sep 5, In Somalia
thousands of people massed in Mogadishu vowing to fight any foreign
peacekeepers sent to the embattled nation, while a coalition of East
African nations approved an ambitious plan to deploy troops in
Somalia by early next month.
2006 Sep 10, Islamic militants
controlling much of southern Somalia shut down a radio station for
playing love songs and other music, the latest step to impose strict
religious rule which has sparked fears of an emerging, Taliban-style
regime. Islamic militants, who closed down a Somali radio station,
allowed it back on the air so long as it does not play music or love
(AP, 9/10/06)(AP, 9/11/06)
2006 Sep 17, Sister Leonella
Sgorbati, an Italian nun, was shot dead at a hospital in Mogadishu
by Somali gunmen, hours after a leading Muslim cleric condemned Pope
Benedict XVI for his remarks on Islam and violence. The nun's
bodyguard and a hospital worker were also killed.
(AP, 9/17/06)(AP, 9/21/06)
2006 Sep 18, In Somalia a
massive car bomb exploded outside the makeshift parliament building
in Baidoa, killing 11 people, including the president's brother, in
an apparent assassination attempt. As Pres. Yusuf fled, a gunbattle
broke out between his bodyguards and eight suspected accomplices of
an apparent suicide bomber. Six were killed and two were captured.
(AP, 9/18/06)(AP, 9/19/06)
2006 Sep 24, In Somalia
hundreds of Islamic militiamen in heavily armed trucks took over the
southern town of Kismayo, one of the last seaports that had been
outside their control.
2006 Sep 25, Somalia's interim
prime minister called on the UN to partially lift an arms embargo on
his country to allow for the deployment of African peacekeepers,
which he said are necessary to stop the advance of Islamic radicals.
A government order banned human smuggling. Ethiopian troops arrived
in Somalia to support the internationally recognized government in
its faceoff with radicals. The Islamic militia in the seaport of
Kismayo opened fire on thousands protesting the fundamentalists'
takeover of the southern town. Witnesses said a teenager was killed.
(AP, 9/25/06)(SFC, 9/26/06, p.A3)(AP, 10/8/06)
2006 Sep 28, Somali police
investigating a car bomb assassination attempt on the president
arrested three suspected members of a fundamentalist Islamic group
and recovered explosives.
2006 Sep 29, Somalia's Islamic
fighters seized control of Jawill, a strategic village near the
Ethiopian border, widening their grip over much of the southern part
of the country. 3 pro-government militiamen and one Islamic courts
fighter were killed during the gunbattle for the village.
2006 Oct 6, The UN refugee
agency said the number of Somalis fleeing fighting to seek refuge in
Kenya has risen dramatically and could stretch the capacity of aid
organizations to critical levels.
2006 Oct 7, In Somalia dozens
of people protested against an Islamic militia that has seized much
of southern Somalia, a day after the group appointed a new
administration in Kismayo, the country's third largest city.
2006 Oct 8, Authorities in
northeastern Somalia repatriated more than 1,000 Ethiopians whom
smugglers were preparing to take across the Gulf of Aden to the
promise of jobs and a better life in the Middle East.
2006 Oct 9, Somali government
troops with Ethiopian help recaptured Burhakaba. The Islamic militia
that has seized much southern Somalia declared a holy war against
Ethiopia accusing its neighbor of deploying thousands of troops to
prop up the weak UN-backed government.
(SFC, 10/10/06, p.A3)(Econ, 10/14/06, p.49)
2006 Oct 12, The UN said it has
temporarily pulled international staff out of parts of Somalia
controlled by Islamic radicals after receiving written threats.
2006 Oct 13, Somalia's Islamic
radicals repulsed an attack by pro-government forces to recapture
Kismayo, a vital seaport. Islamic radicals carried out their second
public execution in less than a month amid fears of increasing
extremist violence. Mahad Osman Ugas (23) was executed by a six-man
firing squad as several thousand people watched. A jury convicted
him of killing a businessman while trying to steal the man's cell
(AP, 10/13/06)(AP, 10/14/06)
2006 Oct 17, Kenya reported its
first case of polio in 22 years at a refugee camp near the Somali
border as the United Nations appealed for urgent help to cope with a
surge in refugees from Somalia.
2006 Oct 19, Ethiopia's PM
Meles Zenawi told parliament that he had sent military trainers to
help Somalia's struggling government, but had not deployed a
2006 Oct 24, Ethiopia’s PM
Meles Zenawi said Ethiopia was "technically" at war with Somalia's
Islamists because they had declared jihad on his nation.
2006 Oct 29, Somalia's Islamic
group broke off peace talks with the transitional government,
demanding that Ethiopian troops withdraw from the country.
2006 Oct 30, Somali Islamic
leaders banned youthful Somalis from marrying without the consent of
their parents, saying such unions violate Islam.
2006 Nov 5, A delegation of
Somali lawmakers broke ranks with the government and traveled to the
capital to hold peace talks with the country's Islamic militia, the
latest sign of cracks in the fragile administration.
2006 Nov 6, In northern Somalia
Islamic fighters clashed with government militia backed by Ethiopian
(SFC, 11/7/06, p.A18)
2006 Nov 12, Heavy fighting
erupted in central Somalia, a day after the transitional government
rejected a peace initiative with the country's Islamic movement.
2006 Nov 15, A UN report
identified 10 African and Arab countries, as well as Lebanon’s
Hezbollah, as arms suppliers to the Islamic militia in Somalia.
(WSJ, 11/16/06, p.A1)
2006 Nov 17, UN aid bodies said
torrential rains and floods have hit up to 1.8 million people in the
Horn of Africa, driving tens of thousands from their homes and
threatening to trigger epidemics. Torrential rains have pounded the
Horn of Africa this month, bringing misery to large parts of Kenya,
Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan and Eritrea.
2006 Nov 19, In Somalia Islamic
fighters used land mines and ambushed an 80-vehicle Ethiopian
military convoy headed to Baidoa killing 6 soldiers and injuring 20.
(SFC, 11/20/06, p.A3)
2006 Nov 20, Gen. Addeh Museh,
the president of the semiautonomous region of Puntland, said he will
rule according to Islamic law, a surprising move in a relatively
stable area that has resisted the spread of Islamic militants who
control most of southern Somalia.
2006 Nov 23, Somalia's Islamic
militia invited US government leaders to visit the capital,
Mogadishu, the city where 18 U.S. troops on a peacekeeping mission
to the East African nation were killed in 1993.
2006 Nov 29, The UN Security
Council condemned a "significant increase" in the flow of weapons to
and through Somalia in violation of a 1992 arms embargo and voted
unanimously to keep monitoring weapons trafficking in the poor and
lawless Horn of Africa nation.
2006 Nov 30, In Somalia a car
blast killed 9 people near the Somali government seat of Baidoa in
an attack the administration blamed on Islamists backed by al Qaeda.
An attack on Ethiopian troops left 20 dead.
(AFP, 12/1/06)(WSJ, 12/1/06, p.A1)
2006 Dec 1, The US circulated a
UN Security Council draft resolution that would authorize a regional
force to protect Somalia's weak government and threaten Security
Council action against those who block peace efforts and attempt to
2006 Dec 5, Somalia's
government ruled out peace talks with the country's Islamic
movement, citing truce violations, heightening fears of an all-out
2006 Dec 6, In Somalia Sheik
Hussein Barre Rage, an Islamic courts official in Bulo Burto, said
residents who do not pray five times a day will be beheaded, adding
the edict will be implemented in three days. Hoping to head off a
regional proxy war, the UN Security Council came to the aid of
Somalia's virtually powerless government, authorizing hundreds of
East African troops to train and protect the interim administration
in its conflict with an Islamic militia.
(AP, 12/6/06)(AP, 12/7/06)
2006 Dec 7, Islamic militants
in control of most of southern Somalia warned that war will erupt
over a UN decision authorizing an African force to protect the
country's virtually powerless government.
2006 Dec 8, Sheik Sharif Sheik
Ahmed, a top Islamic official, said that militiamen are fighting
Ethiopian troops in Dinsor, a southern Somalia town. He called on
Somalis to defeat "the enemies who have invaded our land."
2006 Dec 12, Somalia’s PM Ali
Mohamed Gedi said thousands of Islamic militants have surrounded
Baidoa, the only town the internationally recognized government
controls, as a top Islamic official promised to attack within a week
unless Ethiopian troops leave.
2006 Dec 15, Somalia's
president said that peace talks with the country's Islamic movement
are no longer an option because the group's leaders have declared
war on his government.
2006 Dec 15, In Kenya 11
African heads of state attending the 2nd International Conference on
the Great Lakes Region signed a landmark $2 billion
(1.5-billion-euro) security and development pact to forestall fresh
violence in the area.
2006 Dec 16, A Somali lawmaker
bypassed the government and signed an agreement to end hostilities
with the country's powerful Islamic militia, a symbolic gesture that
is unlikely to have any real effect. Nearly 200 troops serving
Somalia's weak Western-backed government defected to the Islamic
courts movement, as both sides braced for impending war.
(AP, 12/16/06)(AP, 12/17/06)
2006 Dec 20, Heavy fighting
broke out between Somalia's government troops and rival Islamic
2006 Dec 21, Fighting erupted
for a 3rd straight day between Somali fighters, one day after an EU
envoy got both the government and a rival Islamic movement to agree
to resume peace talks.
2006 Dec 22, In Somalia
Ethiopian attack helicopters and tanks headed for battle as fighting
raged for a fourth day between Somalia's Islamic militia and the
country's secular government.
2006 Dec 23, Somalia's Islamic
militants called on foreign Muslim fighters to join their holy war
against Ethiopian troops after days of fighting killed hundreds of
people and threatened to engulf the region.
2006 Dec 24, Ethiopia launched
an attack on Somalia's powerful Islamic movement, sending fighter
jets across the border and bombarding several towns in a major
escalation of the violence that threatens to engulf the Horn of
2006 Dec 25, Ethiopian fighter
jets bombed Somalia's main airport, the first direct attack on the
city that serves as the headquarters of an Islamic movement
attempting to wrest power from the internationally recognized
2006 Dec 26, Islamic fighters
retreated as Somali government and Ethiopian troops advanced on
three fronts in a decisive turn in the battle for control of this
Horn of Africa nation. Ethiopia’s PM Meles Zenawi said up to 1,000
of the religious movement's fighters had been killed.
(AP, 12/26/06)(WSJ, 12/27/06, p.A1)
2006 Dec 27, Ethiopian and
Somali government troops drove Islamic fighters out of the last
major town on the road to Mogadishu, the Islamist-held capital.
2006 Dec 27, Yemeni authorities
opened fire on boats filled with refugees fleeing the fighting in
Somalia and at least 17 people drowned when one of the vessels
2006 Dec 28, Somali government
troops rolled into Mogadishu unopposed, the prime minister said,
hours after an Islamic movement that tried to establish a government
based on the Quran abandoned the capital.
2006 Dec 29, Somalia's prime
minister entered the capital, a day after an Islamic movement's
fighters retreated ahead of his Ethiopian-backed troops, and was
welcomed by thousands of cheering residents of the battle-scarred
2006 Dec 30, Thousands of
Somali and Ethiopian troops set off for a showdown with Islamic
forces who have regrouped at a southern seaport since abandoning the
2006 Dec 31, Fighting erupted
on the outskirts of the last remaining stronghold of Somalia's
militant Islamic movement, as thousands of residents streamed from
the area ahead of the feared battle with Ethiopian-backed government
2006 Hirsi Ali (36), a refugee
from Somalia and member of the Dutch Parliament, authored "The
Caged Virgin," a look at immigration, integration, women's rights
and the place of Islam in Western countries. Hirsi Ali, who was
raised a strict Muslim, now calls herself an atheist. She would like
to see a Muslim Reformation of the kind that remade European
Christianity in the 16th century.
2006 In the waters off East
Africa unmarked fishing ships carried 23mm anti-aircraft guns and
fished illegally impacting the local fishermen of Kenya, Somalia and
Tanzania. Fish stocks fell as coral reefs were ripped, and
numberless dolphins and turtles were getting snagged.
(Econ, 8/5/06, p.43)
2006 In the borderlands of
Somalia a good quality AK-47 could be had for 3 cows, while an
American M-16 fetched 5 cows.
(Econ, 8/12/06, p.20)
2007 Jan 1, Somali government
troops backed by Ethiopian tanks and fighter jets captured the last
major stronghold of a militant Islamic movement, while hundreds of
Islamic fighters, many of them Arabs and South Asians, fled the
town. PM Ali Mohamed Gedi set a 3-day deadline for gun collection.
(AP, 1/1/07)(SFC, 1/3/07, p.A3)
2007 Jan 2, Ethiopian
helicopters pursuing Somali Islamists missed their target and bombed
a Kenyan border post, prompting Kenyan fighter planes to rush to the
area. The gun collection program in Mogadishu began with little
response. 2 Ethiopian soldiers were shot dead.
(AFP, 1/2/07)(SFC, 1/3/07, p.A3)(Econ, 1/6/07,
2007 Jan 3, Kenya sent extra
troops to its border with Somalia to keep Islamic militants from
entering the country after Ethiopian helicopters attacked a Kenyan
border post by mistake while pursuing suspected fighters.
2007 Jan 4, A Somali government
spokesman said government troops, backed by Ethiopian soldiers, were
fighting about 600 Islamic militiamen in the south.
2007 Jan 4, Kenya said it has
closed its border with Somalia in an apparent effort to keep Islamic
militants and refugees from entering the country.
2007 Jan 6, Somalia's interim
government indefinitely postponed plans to forcibly disarm Mogadishu
as hundreds of people burned tires, looted vehicles and said they
wouldn't give up their guns. Two people were reported killed and at
17 people wounded.
2007 Jan 7, An American AC-130
gunship began attacking suspected al-Qaida positions in southern
Somalia. The US airstrikes were the first offensive in the African
country since 18 US troops were killed there in 1993. The main
target was Fazul Abdullah Mohammed, who allegedly planned the 1998
attacks on the US embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania,
that killed 225 people.
(SFC, 1/11/07, p.A4)(AP, 1/9/07)
2007 Jan 9, In Somalia US
AC-130 strikes were reported to have killed 10 al-Qaida suspects.
Local officials said the toll was much higher and included
(AP, 1/9/07)(WSJ, 1/10/07, p.A1)
2007 Jan 10, US forces launched
a third day of airstrikes in southern Somalia. At least four
separate strikes were reported around Ras Kamboni, on the Somali
coast near the Kenyan border. Unknown insurgents attacked a
transitional government barracks and soldiers responded by sealing
portions of Mogadishu and searching house to house for guns.
(AP, 1/10/07)(SFC, 1/11/07, p.A4)
2007 Jan 11, The UN Security
Council said it backs the speedy deployment of African troops to
Somalia and strongly urges a dialogue among all political players,
in addition to the delivery of humanitarian aid to the country.
2007 Jan 12, A government
official said Somalia's warlords have agreed to disarm and join a
new national army. Violence in the capital brought home the
challenge of restoring order in this fractious and heavily armed
2007 Jan 13, Somali lawmakers
authorized the government to declare martial law as the country's
internationally recognized leaders struggled to assert their
authority after battling an Islamic movement that had controlled
much of southern Somalia.
2007 Jan 14, An African Union
delegation was in Somalia's capital to discuss the deployment of
peacekeepers, as the government struggled to disarm Mogadishu
residents reluctant to give up their guns after years of fending for
themselves amid chaos.
2007 Jan 15, Somali troops and
allied Ethiopian soldiers conducted house-to-house searches,
pursuing gunmen who carried out an attack in the northeastern part
of the capital.
2007 Jan 17, A top Somali
lawmaker closely associated with the recently ousted Islamic
movement was voted out as speaker by parliament, a move that could
undermine reconciliation efforts in the restive country.
2007 Jan 19, The African Union
agreed to deploy a long-discussed peacekeeping force in Somalia.
2007 Jan 20, The last major
warlord in Somalia surrendered his weapons and 200 militiamen to the
army, while an Islamic leader claimed responsibility for a string of
guerrilla attacks and promised there would be more until the
government agreed to talks. An Ethiopian military convoy was
ambushed in a new round of deadly violence in the Somali capital
Mogadishu, hours after the African Union agreed to send peacekeepers
to the war-torn country. Kenya handed over 34 Islamic militiamen to
Somalia's transitional government. A Somali government spokesman
said that some of them may be senior leaders of the country's
(AP, 1/20/07)(AFP, 1/20/07)(AP, 1/21/07)
2007 Jan 21, Sheik Sharif Sheik
Ahmed, a top leader of Somalia's ousted Islamic movement seen by the
US as a potential key to preventing a widespread insurgency,
surrendered to authorities and went under police protection in
2007 Jan 23, Ethiopian troops
who helped Somalia's government drive out a radical Islamic militia
began withdrawing in military trucks and tanks.
2007 Jan 24, In Somalia gunmen
launched several mortars at Mogadishu International Airport, killing
at least two people and wounding several others.
2007 Jan 25, In southern
Somalia gunmen attacked Ethiopian soldiers stationed there, killing
one and wounding another.
2007 Jan 26, In Somalia a spate
of gunfire and mortar attacks in Mogadishu killed five people
overnight and injured at least four others.
2007 Jan 28, In Somalia gunmen
attacked a police station in Mogadishu, sparking an hour-long battle
that killed two people just hours after two other stations were hit
with machine-guns and rocket-propelled grenades.
2007 Jan 30, Somalia's
president agreed to a national reconciliation conference to try to
end 16 years of anarchy in the war-ravaged country.
2007 Jan 31, A senior AU
official said 3 battalions of peacekeepers from Uganda and Nigeria
are ready to be deployed in Somalia and will be airlifted in as soon
2007 Feb 2, In Somalia an
explosion at an Islamic school for women and girls in Mogadishu
wounded at least seven people. At least three mortar attacks were
launched overnight in the city by unknown
2007 Feb 7, In Somalia doctors
said a cholera outbreak has killed more than 115 people and
hospitalized 724 in towns where people were forced to use
contaminated water from a flooded river.
2007 Feb 10, In Somalia mortar
attacks in a residential area and on a hotel in Mogadishu killed
five people and injured 10.
2007 Feb 12, In Somalia a
mortar slammed into a home in Mogadishu, killing a father and his
6-year-old son as they slept and wounding four people.
2007 Feb 12, A vessel smuggling
120 people across the Gulf of Aden from Somalia to Yemen capsized as
it approached the coast. At least 30 Somali and Ethiopian migrants
trying to reach the Arabian peninsula drowned.
2007 Feb 16, A Yemeni official
said a boat loaded with Somali and Ethiopian migrants capsized in
the Gulf of Aden during a night crossing in which at least 112
2007 Feb 18, Fierce inter-clan
fighting killed at least 43 people in Ethiopia's southeastern Ogaden
region, inhabited mainly by ethnic Somalis.
2007 Feb 20, In Somalia mortar
rounds and rockets hit Mogadishu in a series of attacks that killed
15 people, including a 4-year-old boy, and wounded more than 40
others. The UN Security Council voted unanimously to authorize an
African Union force to help stabilize Somalia.
(AP, 2/20/07)(AFP, 2/20/07)
2007 Feb 21, In Somalia gunmen
fatally shot two local government officials in Mogadishu.
2007 Feb 22, Extremists in
Somalia threatened to carry out suicide attacks against African
Union peacekeepers who are to begin deploying in the coming days.
2007 Feb 23, A Somali official
said Uganda's top military officials promised to help train a
national army for Somalia and help provide security for its
2007 Feb 25, Pirates hijacked a
cargo ship delivering UN food aid to northeastern Somalia, at least
the third time since 2005 that a vessel contracted to the United
Nations has been hijacked off the country's dangerous coast.
2007 Feb 27, The UN said Somali
authorities have arrested four suspects in the hijacking of a
UN-chartered cargo ship delivering food aid. The MV Rozen, however,
was still under the control of four pirates who remained aboard with
12 crew members as hostage. Attackers in Mogadishu killed Yusuf
Mohamed Dhisow, the brother-in-law of Somalia's prime minister.
(AP, 2/27/07)(AFP, 2/27/07)
2007 Feb 28, Burundi said that
it will send 1,700 peacekeepers to Somalia as part of an
8,000-strong African Union force, while the first Ugandan contingent
prepared to leave for the war-torn nation.
2007 Mar 1, An advance team of
an African peacekeeping force to Somalia arrived unannounced into
2007 Mar 2, In Somalia 4 mortar
explosions rocked Mogadishu, wounding six people, including two
2007 Mar 5, In Somalia gunmen
shot dead five people in two separate attacks in the lawless capital
of Mogadishu in an escalation of killings ahead of the planned
deployment of African Union peacekeepers.
2007 Mar 6, In Somalia mortar
rounds slammed into Mogadishu's airport during a ceremony welcoming
the arrival of peacekeepers. At least 3 people were killed when a
firefight erupted between unidentified insurgents and Ethiopian
troops near a military base in Mogadishu.
(AP, 3/6/07)(AFP, 3/6/07)
2007 Mar 7, In Somalia a gunman
shot dead two policemen south of Mogadishu, close to the airport
where hundreds of African Union peacekeepers have begun deploying.
2007 Mar 8, In Somalia
insurgents ambushed a convoy of African Union peacekeepers sent to
help stabilize Mogadishu, setting off a gunfight that killed at
least 12 civilians.
2007 Mar 11, In Somalia a
13-year-old boy and a woman were killed by stray bullets and five
others were injured as Ethiopian troops protecting government
installations battled with insurgents in Mogadishu.
2007 Mar 13, Somalia's
president came under mortar attack in his palace, hours after
arriving for a rare visit to the increasingly violent capital,
witnesses said. A 12-year-old boy was killed and three of his
siblings were wounded in the shelling.
2007 Mar 15, In Somalia a bomb
blast destroyed two houses near Mogadishu, killing seven people,
including four children.
2007 Mar 18, In Somalia
insurgents struck the Mogadishu's seaport and former intelligence
quarters, killing two people and injuring at least 16 who were
caught in fighting that drew in Ethiopian and government troops.
2007 Mar 20, The commander of
African Union forces in Somalia pleaded for reinforcements as the
AU's security chief paid a flying visit to volatile Mogadishu.
2007 Mar 21, In Somalia masked
men believed to be Islamic militants dragged the corpses of two
soldiers through the streets of Mogadishu and set their bodies on
fire during fierce battles with government forces trying to
consolidate their control. Medical officials at Mogadishu's three
hospitals said they had recorded at least seven dead and 36 wounded
by early afternoon. One fire-fight left 15 people killed. Un
estimates said 40,000 of Mogadishu’s 2 million residents had fled
(AP, 3/21/07)(Econ, 3/24/07, p.54)
2007 Mar 22, Somali and
Ethiopian troops battled insurgents for a second day in Mogadishu
with 4 people killed and 6 wounded. The Somali government said
Al-Qaeda has named Aden Hashi Ayro, a ruthless Islamist commander,
as its leader in Mogadishu.
(AP, 3/22/07)(AFP, 3/22/07)(SFC, 3/23/07, p.A9)
2007 Mar 22, Smugglers taking
illegal migrants from Somalia to Yemen forced hundreds of Africans
overboard in stormy seas in an effort to make a fast getaway from
security forces. 31 bodies were found and nearly 90 people remained
2007 Mar 23, In Somalia a cargo
plane was shot down by a missile during takeoff died. Ten of the
crew died in the crash. Rescuers found a wounded crew member and
took him to a Mogadishu hospital where he died while being treated.
All crew members were either Ukrainian or Belarussian. Egi Azarian,
acting head of Belarus-based Transaviaexport, confirmed that the
company's plane was shot down.
2007 Mar 23, A human rights
group said Kenya has deported more than 100 people from 19 countries
to Somalia after they crossed the border between the two countries
illegally during fighting earlier this year, and the deportees were
subsequently arrested by Ethiopian troops.
2007 Mar 25, In Somalia one of
the elders involved in negotiations said talks between Ethiopian
military officials and elders of the dominant Hawiye clan in
Mogadishu have reached an impasse, threatening a two-day truce.
2007 Mar 29, Somali troops and
their Ethiopian allies pounded insurgent positions in Mogadishu with
bombs and tank shells, sending residents fleeing a surge in fighting
that killed over 30 people including 7 Ethiopian soldiers.
(AP, 3/29/07)(SFC, 3/30/07, p.A20)
2007 Mar 30, In Somalia
insurgents shot down a helicopter gunship in Mogadishu and mortar
shells slammed into a hospital in the worst fighting seen here in
more than 15 years.
2007 Mar 31, In Somalia
artillery fire and mortar shells rained down on Mogadishu as
government troops and their Ethiopian allies continued a major
offensive to quash a growing insurgency by Islamic militants. A
Ugandan soldier was killed by artillery fire in Mogadishu, marking
the first death among African Union peacekeepers deployed here.
(AP, 3/31/07)(AFP, 4/1/07)
2007 Mar-2000 Apr, Ethiopia
later said that during this period it killed at least a thousand
Shabab fighters, the armed wing of Islamic courts in Somalia.
Human-rights groups said most of the 1,670 recorded dead were
(Econ, 6/2/07, p.47)
2007 Apr 1, Mogadishu's
dominant clan said it has brokered a truce with Ethiopian military
officials who are supporting Somalia's government, even as mortar
shells continued slamming into the capital for a fourth day.
2007 Apr 2, In Somalia a human
rights organization said fierce fighting between Ethiopian-backed
government forces and Islamic insurgents has killed 381 people over
2007 Apr 6, Somali pirates
freed two hijacked merchant ships, including one that had just
delivered UN food aid when it was seized more than a month ago with
12 crew on board.
2007 Apr 11, In Somalia
Ethiopian-backed government troops and Islamic insurgents exchanged
gunfire in northern Mogadishu, killing three people and ending more
than a week of relative calm.
2007 Apr 18, In Somalia
overnight street battles in Mogadishu left at least 11 people dead
and dozens others injured.
2007 Apr 19, In Somalia
fighting between Ethiopian troops and insurgents left at least 12
people dead in Mogadishu, while a suicide car bomb exploded at an
Ethiopian army base.
2007 Apr 20, In Somalia a local
human rights group said 3 days of fighting between Islamic
insurgents and Ethiopian troops backing the government has killed at
least 113 civilians.
2007 Apr 21, In Somalia heavy
fighting between Islamic insurgents and Ethiopian troops backing the
government left at least 52 civilians dead in Mogadishu.
2007 Apr 22, In Mogadishu,
Somalia, the two main hospitals said they admitted 26 civilians
wounded as fighting eased.
2007 Apr 23, In Somalia masked
Islamic insurgents and Ethiopian-backed government forces pounded
each other with machine-gun fire, mortars and heavy artillery in
Mogadishu, bringing the death toll from six days of fighting to at
2007 Apr 24, In Somalia
artillery shells and mortars rained down on Mogadishu in a seventh
straight day of raging battles that have left nearly 250 dead.
2007 Apr 25, In Somalia
civilians were caught in the crossfire as the government's Ethiopian
backers used tanks and heavy artillery to pound insurgent
strongholds. Human rights groups said more than 350 people have been
killed in the last eight days, the majority civilians.
2007 Apr 26, Somalia's prime
minister claimed victory over Islamic insurgents in Mogadishu, where
nine days of battles using tanks and artillery left hundreds dead.
2007 May 4, In Somalia Mohamed
Dheere, a former warlord, was sworn in as mayor of Mogadishu and
immediately ordered residents to get rid of their weapons. Aid
groups said 1,670 people were killed between March 12 and April 26
and more than 340,000 of the city's 2 million residents fled for
safety as the government, backed by Ethiopian troops, pressed to
wipe out an Islamic insurgency.
2007 May 7, The African Union
announced it would send an extra 8,000 peacekeepers to Somalia but
said dialogue remained the only solution to the bloody conflict in
2007 May 9, Authorities said
Somali security forces are seizing and even burning Muslim women's
veils in Mogadishu to stop Islamist insurgents disguising themselves
2007 May 10, A land mine attack
on a convoy of Somali government officials ended in the deaths of
two civilians in Mogadishu. Elsewhere, two aid workers were
2007 May 12, The UN top
humanitarian official made a landmark visit to Mogadishu, but the
trip was disrupted by an explosion that killed four people near the
UN compound. John Holmes said he had come to push the government to
allow humanitarian aid to reach its people.
2007 May 16, In Somalia a
roadside bomb struck a convoy carrying African Union peacekeepers,
killing four Ugandan peacekeepers in one of the deadliest attacks on
the troops since they arrived in March.
2007 May 20, A bomb detonated
in Mogadishu near the mayor's vehicle convoy, leaving at least two
civilians dead. His bodyguards shot and killed a suspected insurgent
who had been in a tree near the explosion.
2007 May 21, Ethiopian troops
backing Somalia's fragile government killed one person and wounded
another after their convoy was targeted by a land mine in Mogadishu.
2007 May 24, Somali police shot
and killed two civilians after attackers hurled a hand grenade at a
2007 May 30, In Somalia
Ethiopian troops shot and killed five bystanders after a land mine
exploded as their convoy passed through the center of a western
2007 Jun 1, At least one US
warship bombarded a remote, mountainous village in Somalia where
Islamic militants had set up a base. One target was said to be Fazul
Abdullah Muhammad (35), a citizen of the Comoro Islands. The next
day Puntland VP Hassan Dahir Mohamoud told The Associated Press that
his government's troops killed eight foreign Islamic militants and
five of them came from Britain, Eritrea, Sweden, the US and Yemen.
(AP, 6/2/07)(AP, 6/3/07)(Econ, 7/14/07, p.52)
2007 Jun 2, In Mogadishu,
Somalia, unknown gunmen killed a government official, Hassan Ali
Sa'id, as he was about to enter his house.
2007 Jun 3, A suicide car
bomber drove through a roadblock guarding the home of the Somali
prime minister and rammed the vehicle into a wall. PM Ali Mohamed
Gedi was whisked to safety, but at least five people were killed in
2007 Jun 4, In Somalia
Ethiopian troops fired at a would-be suicide bomber speeding toward
their base, blowing up the car and killing the bomber and a civilian
2007 Jun 13, Global shipping
officials warned that pirate attacks off Somalia's coast have
spiraled to terrifying levels, with US and international navies
failing to protect seafarers from being kidnapped.
2007 Jun 18, In Mogadishu,
Somalia, a roadside bomb hidden in a pile of garbage exploded,
killing two children and wounding 3 other people just minutes after
security officials drove by.
2007 Jun 26, In Somalia a
roadside bomb explosion in Mogadishu killed five women and a man and
wounded nine other people.
2007 Jun 28, In Somalia a
roadside bomb killed two Somali soldiers in Mogadishu in the latest
of a string of attacks highlighting worsening security.
2007 Jul 2, Somali gunmen shot
dead a senior government official in Mogadishu. A teenager died when
munitions left behind by African Union peacekeepers exploded.
2007 Jul 6, In Somalia 5
children who stopped to play with a land mine on the way to prayers
died when one of them threw the device against a wall, causing a
blast that sent their bodies flying through the air.
2007 Jul 12, In Somalia
insurgents fired more than two dozen mortar shells at government
targets in Mogadishu overnight, including the president's home, in
an apparent attempt to disrupt this weekend's reconciliation talks.
At least 3 men were killed.
2007 Jul 19, A 30-minute
gunbattle rocked Mogadishu in the hours before a long-awaited Somali
peace conference was set to begin. At least two people were killed.
2007 Jul 26, In Somalia 2
separate explosions killed at least five civilians in Mogadishu,
where the government is struggling to contain a lethal insurgency.
2007 Jul 26, UN arms experts
reported that Eritrea has secretly supplied "huge quantities of
arms" to a Somali insurgent group with alleged ties to al-Qaida in
violation of an international arms embargo and despite the
deployment of African peacekeepers.
2007 Jul 29, In Somalia gun
battles and grenade attacks killed two soldiers and two civilians in
Mogadishu, where the government is struggling to contain a violent
2007 Jul 30, In Somalia
insurgents attacked government buildings in Mogadishu, starting a
gunbattle with troops that killed at least 4 people, including a
four-year-old child. In the central town of Belet Weyne, two
children and their father were killed when Ethiopian troops fired
artillery shells into a residential area after a land mine exploded
near their convoy. A land mine exploded near a bus in southern
Mogadishu, killing 5 on board and wounding 3 others.
(AP, 7/31/07)(AP, 8/1/07)
2007 Aug 2, In Somalia mortars
slammed into homes in Mogadishu after fighting between insurgents
and Ethiopian troops, killing 8 people, including a mother and her
2007 Aug 11, In Somalia 2
prominent radio journalists were assassinated in Mogadishu within
hours of each other, one just outside his office and the other as he
returned from his colleague's burial.
2007 Aug 12, In Somalia 2
suspects were arrested in the deaths of two prominent Somali
journalists who were killed within hours of each other.
2007 Aug 14, In Somalia a local
human rights group said fighting in Mogadishu has killed 31
civilians and wounded 60 in the past 24 hours.
2007 Aug 16, Uganda announced
plans to send 250 extra soldiers to a peacekeeping mission in
Mogadishu, but Somalia's government warned they were not enough and
urged other African nations to commit troops.
2007 Aug 18, Rival clan
militias fought over scarce pasture land and wells in central
Somalia, leaving 18 people dead and 15 wounded.
2007 Aug 20, The UN Security
Council authorized an African Union force in chaotic Somalia for
another six months and asked the secretary-general to develop plans
for a possible UN troop replacement.
2007 Aug 22, Denmark's
government said Somali pirates released the crew of a hijacked
Danish cargo ship after receiving a ransom payment.
2007 Aug 24, In Somalia gunmen
shot and killed Abdulkadir Moallim Kaskey, a Somali radio
journalist, in southwestern Gedo province.
2007 Aug 26, In Somalia
bombings and grenade attacks killed two schoolboys and three other
people in Mogadishu.
2007 Sep 16, Saudi King
Abdullah oversaw the signing in Jiddah of a reconciliation agreement
negotiated by several Somali factions in an attempt to stabilize
their country and battle the Islamic opposition.
2007 Sep 21, The Red Cross
warned that a massive aid effort is needed to cope with floods in 18
countries across Africa that have already affected at least 1.5
million people and killed at least 270 in Ghana, Kenya, Somalia,
Sudan, Togo, Uganda and other countries.
2007 Sep 26, Transparency
International's 2007 index ranked Myanmar and Somalia as the most
corrupt nations. Both received the lowest score of 1.4 out of 10.
Denmark, Finland and New Zealand were ranked the least corrupt, each
2007 Sep 27, Somali and
Ethiopian troops ordered thousands to vacate their homes in
Mogadishu to allow the forces to search for arms and insurgents.
2007 Oct 4, The government of
Somalia announced a crackdown on Islamic militants.
(WSJ, 10/6/07, p.A1)
2007 Oct 5, Insurgents in
Somalia killed at least 5 people in a grenade attack at the main
market in Mogadishu.
(WSJ, 10/6/07, p.A1)
2007 Oct 8, Mogadishu Mayor
Mohamed Dheere ordered Somalia's Elman Human Rights, an independent
rights group, to close its offices. The group was accused of
spreading "exaggerated and false information" about the country's
2007 Oct 11, A suicide bomber
in Somalia drove a pickup filled with explosives into an army base
killing himself and 2 other people.
(WSJ, 10/12/07, p.A1)
2007 Oct 17,
Irdris Osman, the head of UN food agency operations in the
violence-wracked Somali capital, was taken away by 50 to 60 heavily
armed government security officers who had stormed the UN compound
in Mogadishu. Osman was freed on Oct 23. Overnight, at least 8
civilians and one policeman died during a battle between Islamic
insurgents and policemen.
(AP, 10/17/07)(AP, 10/23/07)
2007 Oct 24, In Somalia a
roadside bomb killed five civilians and wounded 16 when it exploded
near a minibus full of passengers in the war-ravaged Mogadishu.
2007 Oct 27, In Somalia
insurgents and government-allied forces battled with machine guns,
mortars and rocket-propelled grenades in the heaviest fighting to
hit Mogadishu for months, leaving at least seven people dead and
dozens others wounded.
2007 Oct 28, The USS Porter, a
guided missile destroyer, fired on and destroyed two pirate boats
tied to the Golden Nori, a hijacked Japanese-flagged chemical
tanker. The ship was carrying a load of benzene off the coast of
2007 Oct 29, A long-brewing
power struggle between the Somali PM Ali Mohamed Gedi and Pres.
Abdullahi Yusuf ended with the premier's resignation, throwing the
government of the war-battered Horn of Africa nation into disarray.
In Mogadishu, hundreds of demonstrators marched through the streets
in a second day of protests against the presence of the Ethiopian
troops in the country.
2007 Oct 30, Somalia's
president named Salim Aliyow Ibrow, a former deputy prime
minister, as a caretaker prime minister, a day after the
outgoing premier lost a power struggle in the government and
2007 Oct 30, The US Navy
boarded a North Korean flagged ship at its invitation with a small
team of medics, security personnel and an interpreter. The 22-person
North Korean crew already had regained control of the ship and
detained all the Somali pirates.
2007 Nov 1, The UN said nearly
90,000 people have fled Mogadishu in recent days following the
heaviest fighting to shake the war-battered city in months. About 40
people, mostly Somalis, drowned while crossing the Gulf of Aden on
their way to Yemen in a desperate attempt to escape gunbattles back
home. About 90 others survived and managed to reach the Yemeni
southern shores of Shokara after their rickety vessels capsized.
(AP, 11/1/07)(AP, 11/3/07)
2007 Nov 4, Somali pirates left
the Tanzanian-flagged boats Mavuno 1 and 2, which they had hijacked
in the waters off Somalia on May 15. The newly liberated vessels,
and their crew of 24, were under US Navy escort. Among the crew on
the South Korean-owned vessels were four South Koreans, 10 Chinese,
three Vietnamese, three Indians and four Indonesians.
2007 Nov 5, Somali pirates
released a Taiwanese fishing vessel 5 1/2 months after seizing it.
The US Navy helped free the fifth ship in a week hijacked by Somalia
pirates, attempting to bring security to crucial shipping routes
between the Red Sea and Indian Ocean. The Navy was in contact with
two remaining ships held by pirates in Somali waters.
2007 Nov 7, In Somalia Doctors
Without Borders said the fighting had grown so bad in Mogadishu that
civilians who were shot or hit by shrapnel during the night
frequently bled to death because the violence cut them off from the
2007 Nov 9, In Somalia
witnesses and doctors said heavy fighting between insurgents and
Ethiopian troops backing Somalia's shaky government has killed 50
people and wounded 100 others in the past 24 hours.
2007 Nov 12, UN
Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said deploying a UN peacekeeping
operation to Somalia is not realistic or viable given the
war-wracked African country’s security situation, the intensifying
insurgency and the lack of progress towards any political
2007 Nov 13, Journalists said
the Somali government has shut down three independent radio stations
in two days, as troops backed by Ethiopian soldiers continued to
battle Islamic insurgents in the shrapnel-strewn streets of the
2007 Nov 17, Somali rebels
launched an overnight attack on a camp of Ugandan troops in
Mogadishu, triggering fighting that left at least one insurgent
2007 Nov 21, More than 60
migrants drowned when their boat capsized off Yemen during an
attempt to flee their war torn homeland of Somalia.
2007 Nov 24, In Somalia Nur
Hassan Hussein (1938-2020) became prime minister. He led
negotiations with insurgents that led to a peace agreement in
2007 Dec 2, A Somali human
rights group said violence in Mogadishu has killed 5,960 civilians
2007 Dec 12, Pirates freed a
Japanese chemical tanker loaded with highly explosive benzene off
the coast of Somalia, six weeks after seizing the vessel and its
2007 Dec 13, In Somalia mortar
rounds slammed into the biggest market in Mogadishu and gunbattles
erupted across the city, killing 17 people hours after a government
official said radical Muslims had regrouped and were poised to
launch a massive attack.
2007 Dec 14, Mortar shells
rained down on Mogadishu for a second day, killing at least five
people. The African Union's new representative for Somalia said he
expected more peacekeepers to arrive starting this month.
2007 Dec 17, In Somalia mortar
shells slammed into Mogadishu, killing at least 12 people, including
a mother and her three children, and wounding dozens in an
increasingly ferocious Islamic insurgency.
2007 Dec 23, In Somalia a first
contingent of 100 Burundian peacekeepers deployed in the capital,
joining 1,800 Ugandan troops in an African Union force, AMISOM, that
is still well short of the personnel strength needed to help restore
order. Insurgents armed with rocket-propelled grenades and assault
rifles attacked an Ethiopian army base in northern Mogadishu,
triggering a deadly nighttime clash that sent stray mortar rounds
crashing into homes. At least five Somalis were killed and eight
wounded in the crossfire.
(AP, 12/23/07)(AFP, 10/22/11)
2007 Dec 24, In southwestern
Somalia gunmen threw grenades at the home of the regional police
chief, killing two of his grandchildren and a bodyguard but not
their target. Burundi deployed a 2nd contingent of 92 peacekeepers
to Mogadishu, to bolster an African Union force.
(AP, 12/24/07)(AP, 12/25/07)
2007 Dec 30, In Somalia a
mother and her five children were killed by a mortar round fired
during fighting in Mogadishu between insurgents and Ethiopian
2007 Ayaan Hirsi Ali (b.1969),
Somalia born writer and resident at the American Enterprise
Institute in Washington DC, authored her autobiography “Infidel." In
the Netherlands it was published under the title “My Freedom."
(WSJ, 2/3/07, p.P12)(Econ, 2/10/07, p.87)
2007 US military advisors began
secretly operating in Somalia. This was only made public in 2014 as
Washington planned to deepen its security assistance to help the
country fend off threats by al Shabaab.
2008 Jan 17, In Somalia Islamic
militants fired mortar shells and guns in Mogadishu sparking
crossfire with Ethiopian troops that left at least 20 people dead.
(SFC, 1/18/08, p.A4)
2008 Jan 20, The final 210
members of the first battalion of Burundian soldiers to be deployed
in Somalia as part of an African Union peace-keeping force left
Bujumbura for Mogadishu. Burundi is expected to deploy a total of
1,700 soldiers in Somalia, alongside around 1,600 troops from Uganda
who have been in the capital Mogadishu since March.
2008 Jan 28, In Somalia 3 staff
members of Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF-Holland) were killed and
one wounded when their vehicle hit a land mine on a road between the
international staff members' home and the hospital where they worked
in the southern Somali town of Kismayo. In response Doctors Without
Borders evacuated its 87 employees from Somalia.
2008 Feb 1, Pirates seized a
Danish-owned tug boat and its six crew members off Somalia's
northeastern coast and demanded ransom. The 115-foot Svitzer
Korsakov was built in St. Petersburg, Russia, and was on its way to
Sakhalin Island in the Far East.
2008 Feb 3, In Somalia a
roadside bomb killed eight civilians and wounded nine others when it
exploded near a minibus full of passengers in war-ravaged Mogadishu.
2008 Feb 5, In northeastern
Somalia grenade attack killed 21 people and wounded 100 in Bossaso,
2008 Feb 12, In northern
Somalia gunmen kidnapped a German aid worker after exchanging fire
with his bodyguards. The next day Somaliland forces freed him from
(AP, 2/12/08)(AP, 2/13/08)
2008 Mar 3, The US launched an
airstrike on a Somali town held by Islamic extremists to go after a
group of terrorist suspects. Three missiles hit Dobley, a town four
miles from the Kenyan border, destroying a home and seriously
injured eight people.
2008 Mar 5, In Somalia a
firefight between Islamic insurgents and Somali police at a
checkpoint outside the capital has left five people dead.
2008 Mar 18, The US listed
Shabab, the armed wing of the Islamic Courts Union in Somalia, as a
2008 Mar 24, The WHO said polio
transmission has been stopped in Somalia.
(WSJ, 3/25/08, p.A1)
2008 Mar 29, In Somalia at
least 10 people were killed in Mogadishu after government troops
shelled a market area known to be an insurgent hideout.
(SSFC, 3/30/08, p.A2)
2008 Apr 4, Pirate attackers
off Somalia’s coast stormed the 288-foot Le Ponant as it returned
without passengers from the Seychelles, in the Indian Ocean. French
officials hoped to avoid using force to free the 30 crew members.
2008 Apr 6, In Somalia 4 people
were killed in Mogadishu in separate attacks overnight, as violence
raged in the shattered east African nation.
2008 Apr 11, French officials
said pirates have freed the 30 crew from Le Ponant, a French luxury
sailing ship, which was seized off Somalia on April 4, and had been
tailed by the French Navy. Helicopter-borne French troops seized 6
of the dozen hostage takers, after the hostages were freed, and
recovered sacks of money, apparently ransom paid by the ship’s
(AFP, 4/11/08)(SFC, 4/12/08, p.A9)
2008 Apr 13, In Somalia
suspected Islamist insurgents dragged two British nationals and two
Kenyans out of their home in Beledweyn and killed them.
2008 Apr 20, Pirates off the
Somali coast, armed with grenade launchers, stormed a Spanish tuna
fishing boat, the Playa de Bakio, with 26 crew members.
2008 Apr 22,
Security forces in northern Somalia stormed a hijacked ship carrying
food, rescuing hostages and arresting seven pirates. The seizure was
the latest in a spate of pirate attacks off the increasingly lawless
2008 Apr 23, In Somalia
residents said four more corpses were found Mogadishu, bringing the
death toll from last weekend's shelling and seizure of small towns
by the Islamists' to at least 103. Amnesty Int’l. Ethiopian
soldiers, stationed in Somalia to bolster the interim government,
had killed 21 people and captured dozens of children in a raid on
the Al Hidaaya mosque earlier this week during operations against
2008 Apr 26, The Spanish
government said the 26 crew members onboard the Playa de Bakio
fishing boat, hijacked by pirates off the coast of Somalia nearly a
week ago, have been freed. A maritime official said it was freed
after a 1.2 million-dollar ransom was paid.
(AP, 4/26/08)(AP, 4/27/08)
2008 Apr 29, An explosion in
southwestern Somalia killed four Ethiopian troops and the subsequent
gunfire killed two civilians.
2008 Apr 30, Ethiopian troops
allied to Somalia's shaky government opened fire on civilians in a
street in southwestern Somalia, killing 13 after an explosion there
killed two soldiers.
2008 May 1, An Islamic
insurgent group said the US military killed Aden Hashi Ayro, a man
believed to be the head of al-Qaida in Somalia, and 10 others in an
2008 May 4, In Somalia Islamic
insurgents killed at least three Ethiopian soldiers during a
gunfight in Mogadishu. Inter-clan fighting in western Somalia, which
broke out the previous evening, left at least 12 people dead and at
least 15 others wounded in a land dispute.
2008 May 5, In Somalia troops
opened fire and killed at least two people as tens of thousands of
people rioted over high food prices in Mogadishu.
2008 May 6, In Somalia hundreds
of youths in Mogadishu lobbed stones at shops and cars and set tires
ablaze in a second day of violence over soaring food prices. Amnesty
Int’l. accused Ethiopian troops in Somalia of killing civilians and
committing atrocities, including slitting people's throats, gouging
out eyes and gang-raping women.
2008 May 8, In Somalia two
police officers and five insurgents died in the attack when Islamist
fighters fired rocket-propelled grenades and heavy submachine guns
at the heavily guarded K4 district of Mogadishu. Three other
insurgents were captured. Islamist spokesman Abdirahim Issa Adow
said fighters killed eight police and one Islamist fighter died and
two were wounded.
2008 May 17, Somali pirates
hijacked a Jordanian-flagged ship, called the Victoria, in the
latest in a string of attacks off the lawless coast of Somalia.
Islamic insurgents in Somalia seized a major agricultural center
overnight in Jilib. 2 militia fighters were killed. The UAE-owned
ship was released on May 23.
(AP, 5/17/08)(AP, 5/18/08)(AP, 5/23/08)
2008 May 21, In southern
Somalia dozens of heavily armed gunmen kidnapped two Italian aid
workers and their Somali colleague.
2008 May 23, In Somalia a
roadside bomb exploded near a compound housing African Union (AU)
peacekeepers in Mogadishu, causing some casualties.
2008 May 25, The Amiya Scan, a
Dutch freighter, was hijacked by pirates off the coast of Somalia.
The ship and its crew of 4 Russians and 5 Filipinos were freed on
2008 May 26, In Somalia
Islamist insurgents attacked African Union peacekeepers in
Mogadishu, sparking fierce clashes that killed at least 13 Somalis,
most of them civilians.
2008 Jun 2, Somalia's
opposition alliance ruled out direct peace talks with the country's
transitional government unless it sets a timetable for the
withdrawal of Ethiopian troops.
2008 Jun 2, Foreign ships
gained UN authorization to enter Somali waters when fighting piracy
and armed robbery. The unanimous UN Security Council resolution made
it legal for foreign navies to chase pirates into Somali waters and
if need be sink them.
2008 Jun 8, In Somalia 12
civilians were killed in Mogadishu in a cross fire between troops
and suspected Islamic insurgents.
(SFC, 6/9/08, p.A11)
2008 Jun 9, Somalia’s
government signed an agreement with an opposition alliance calling
for an end to violence and the withdrawal of Ethiopian troops. A
leader of the ousted Islamic movement rejected the UN-brokered deal.
(SFC, 6/10/08, p.A3)(SFC, 6/11/08, p.A15)
2008 Jun 20, The UN reported
that over 40 civilians had been killed this week in Mogadishu,
(SFC, 6/21/08, p.A3)
2008 Jun 21, In Somalia Hassan
Mohamed Ali, head of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees
organization in Mogadishu, was abducted from his home on the
outskirts of Mogadishu. He was released in late August. He had
suffered bullet wounds in the neck and knee from the kidnapping, but
said that he was generally treated well during his captivity.
2008 Jun 22, In Somalia gunmen
killed Mohamed Hassan Kulmiye, a senior official with the
Mogadishu-based Centre For Research and Dialogue (CRD), one day
after kidnapping a UN official, the latest in a string of attacks
against aid and rights workers.
2008 Jun 23, Somali gunmen
reportedly seized 4 Europeans from a yacht off the Gulf of Aden and
took to Puntland, a semiautonomous region of northern Somalia. They
demanded $1 million for the release of a German couple, their young
son and a French boat captain. German officials subsequently said no
child was kidnapped. The German couple was released on August 8
following a $1 million ransom.
(AP, 6/26/08)(AP, 8/9/08)
2008 Jul 1, The African Union,
meeting in Egypt, announced that it was extending the mandate of its
force in Somalia for another six months but urged the UN to take
over the peacekeeping mission. The African leaders also called for
dialogue between Zimbabwe's political foes and a national unity
government following President Robert Mugabe's widely discredited
(AFP, 7/1/08)(AP, 7/2/08)
2008 Jul 6, In Somalia gunmen
opened fire on people leaving a mosque in Mogadishu, killing one of
the country’s senior UN officials.
(SFC, 7/7/08, p.A3)
2008 Jul 8, A German cargo ship
held captive for 41 days off the coast of Somalia was released and
all aboard were safe and unharmed. A Somali official said the
pirates received a ransom of $750,000. The Lehmann Timber was one of
two ships hijacked on May 30 off the Horn of Africa.
2008 Jul 10, Somali insurgents
killed at least two people in an overnight attack on an army base 15
miles (24 kilometers) northeast of the government headquarters in
2008 Jul 11, Somali troops shot
and killed 7 civilians in southern Mogadishu after accusing them of
being part of an Islamic insurgency.
(SFC, 7/11/08, p.A3)
2008 Jul 13, A World Food
Program contractor was gunned down in Somalia, the 5th agency worker
to be killed this year.
2008 Jul 22, Sheik Hassan Dahir
Aweys took over the Islamist opposition Alliance for the
Re-Liberation of Somalia (ARS), which operates in exile in Eritrea.
2008 Jul 23, The African Union
said it was incapable of stabilizing the situation in Somalia and
urged the UN take over peacekeeping operations in the lawless Horn
of Africa country.
2008 Jul 25, Sheik Hassan Dahir
Aweys, Somalia's new hard-line opposition leader, promised to pacify
his shattered country through Islamic law, warning UN peacekeepers
they will face attack if they deploy and support the government.
2008 Jul 25, Ahmedou Ould
Abdallah, the UN special envoy for Somalia, sounded the alarm about
rampant illegal fishing and the dumping of toxic waste off the coast
of the lawless nation.
2008 Jul 25, Estonia urged the
EU to take stronger action against Somali pirates attacking cargo
ships bound for Europe, after an Estonian sailor was held hostage
for 41 days.
2008 Aug 1, An African Union
(AU) peacekeeper from Uganda was killed when a roadside bomb struck
his convoy in the capital Mogadishu.
2008 Aug 3, In Somalia a bomb
hidden under a pile of garbage killed at least 20 people, half of
them women who were sweeping the street in Mogadishu.
2008 Aug 12, Somali pirates
hijacked the Thor Star, a Thai cargo ship with 28 crew members
2008 Aug 19, Armed pirates
seized the MT Bunga Melati Dua, a Malaysian palm oil tanker with 39
crew, off the coast of Somalia, the fourth hijacking in a month.
2008 Aug 21, Armed pirates
hijacked a Japanese chemical tanker with 19 crew, an Iranian bulk
carrier with 29 crew, and a German cargo ship with a crew of 9 off
(AP, 8/21/08)(AP, 8/22/08)
2008 Aug 22, In Somalia
fighting between the Islamic militia and a clan militia killed 10
people in the southern port of Kismayo. Witnesses said a radical
Islamic militia controlled most of Somalia's third-largest city
after three days of fighting in which some 70 people died.
(AP, 8/22/08)(WSJ, 8/23/08, p.A1)
2008 Aug 23, Pirates fired on a
Japanese-operated cargo ship off Somalia and attempted to board the
vessel but failed to seize it.
2008 Aug 23, In Somalia 2
Western reporters were kidnapped near Mogadishu. The next day the
National Union of Somali Journalists (NUSOJ) named them as Amanda
Lindhout, a Canadian reporter based in Baghdad but freelancing for
French television and Canada's Global National News, and Nigel
Brennan, a freelance Australian photojournalist. Both were released
after 15 months and arrived in Kenya on Nov 25, 2009. Brennan’s
family mortgaged their house to raise his ransom.
(Reuters, 8/24/08)(AP, 11/26/09)(Econ, 3/16/13,
2008 Aug 24, In Somalia the
Shabab, the former military wing of the Islamic courts, and local
clan factions took control of the southern port of Kismayo. Muktar
Robow, a Shabab commander, wanted to merge with al-Qaeda.
(Econ, 9/6/08, p.56)
2008 Aug 26, A Maltese fishing
trawler rescued the migrants. Authorities said the survivors first
told the fishermen that 10 people were missing, but later said as
many as 70 people from Somalia, Eritrea and Sudan made the sea
voyage with them.
2008 Aug 29, Pirates, believed
to be Somali, hijacked the Malaysian MT Bunga Melati 5 tanker and
its 41 crew members off Yemen's coast in the Gulf of Aden. It was
the second tanker owned by MISC Berhard to be hijacked in the gulf
in the last 10 days.
2008 Sep 2, Somali pirates
captured the yacht Carre d'As IV with its two French crew, Jean-Yves
and Bernadette Delanne, who were taken and held for ransom.
2008 Sep 3, In Somalia mortar
shells slammed into Mogadishu as insurgents vowed to intensify
attacks during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan. At least 4 people
2008 Sep 3, An Egyptian cargo
ship with 25 crew was hijacked by pirates in the Gulf of Aden near
Somalia, making it the 10th vessel to be hijacked in the area since
2008 Sep 5, Malaysia said it is
dispatching three navy vessels to the Gulf of Aden to protect its
merchant ships following a sharp surge in pirate attacks off the
coast of Somalia.
2008 Sep 9, A gunman killed an
outspoken Somali lawmaker in the provincial town of Baidoa, the
latest in a series of attacks in the lawless African nation.
2008 Sep 10, Pirates hijacked a
South Korean bulk carrier with 22 crew off Somalia's coast but were
thwarted in a separate attempt to seize a Greek ship. The crew and
vessel were released on Oct 16 with no comment on ransom.
(AP, 9/10/08)(AP, 10/16/08)
2008 Sep 14, In Somalia at
least six people, including an African Union (AU) peacekeeper, were
killed Sunday in two separate incidents in Mogadishu.
2008 Sep 15, In Somalia an
African Union peacekeeper was killed in a roadside bomb explosion in
Mogadishu, the 2nd AU member to be killed in there in as many days.
2008 Sep 16, French troops
stormed a yacht hijacked by Somali pirates, killing one, capturing
six others and freeing their two French hostages, who had been held
since Sep 2.
2008 Sep 18, Armed pirates
hijacked a Greek ship with 25 crew members off Somalia, bringing to
55 the number of reported attacks in the lawless sea lane of the
2008 Sep 21, Pirates in
speedboats hijacked a Greek bulk carrier with 19 crew members off
eastern Somalia. On Dec 8 Somali pirates freed the 19-man crew and
MV Captain Stephanos, the Greek-owned and Bahamas-flagged bulk
(AP, 9/22/08)(AP, 12/10/08)
2008 Sep 21, Somali refugees
abandoned by smugglers in the dangerous waters of the Gulf of Aden
were rescued. They had drifted for 18 days, and at least 52 died
before the group was rescued off the Yemeni coast. Seventy-one
people survived the journey.
2008 Sep 22, In Somalia mortar
rounds slammed into a market in Mogadishu, killing up to 30 people
including children and overwhelming hospitals with dozens of wounded
in the worst fighting in months.
2008 Sep 23, Heavy fighting
between Somali insurgents and African Union forces erupted in
southern Mogadishu, leaving at least seven civilians dead.
2008 Sep 25, Pirates seized the
530-foot, Ukrainian cargo vessel, MV Faina, with 21 people aboard
off eastern Somalia. Russia's navy soon sent a warship to Somalia's
coast a day after pirates seized the Ukrainian vessel loaded with 33
tanks, ammunition and 3 Russian crew members. The ITAR-Tass news
agency said the military equipment had been sold to Kenya. It was
later reported that the arms were destined for southern Sudan and
that Kenya’s cooperation would be rewarded in the future with cheap
oil. The shipped was released on Feb 5, 2009, following a ransom of
(AP, 9/26/08)(SFC, 9/27/08, p.A5)(Econ, 10/4/08,
2008 Sep 26, Somali pirates
hijacked the Liberian-flagged oil tanker MV Genius, a Greek-owned
ship with 19 crew. The MV Genius was ransomed and released on Nov
2008 Sep 29, Somali Islamist
insurgents attacked government forces and African Union peacekeepers
overnight in Mogadishu. At least four people were killed in the
clashes. Somalia pirates released Malaysia’s palm oil tanker, MT
Bunga Melati 2, two days after its first vessel was released.
(AP, 9/30/08)(AFP, 9/29/08)
2008 Oct 1, In Somalia at least
seven civilians were killed in a mortar fire exchange that erupted
when an African Union (AU) plane landed at Mogadishu airport in
defiance of a "ban" by an Islamist militia. 28 Somali migrants died
after their boat capsized off the town of Shabwa because of strong
wind and high waves. A Yemen coast guard patrol reached the boat and
rescued 23 other migrants.
2008 Oct 3, The United Nations
said fighting has killed at least 80 civilians in Somalia's capital
over the last two weeks. More than 100 people have been injured. UN
humanitarian office spokeswoman Elisabeth Byrs said nearly half of
Somalia's 8.3 million people were in need of food and other
2008 Oct 8, Pirates in Somalia
released 15 Filipino seamen and four other crewmen of a chemical
tanker hijacked nearly two months ago, but were still holding 67
other Filipino sailors.
2008 Oct 9, NATO joined a
growing international force to protect vessels off Somalia's
perilous coast, sending military ships to the treacherous waters
where pirates are negotiating the release of an arms-laden tanker.
2008 Oct 9, Somali pirates
freed 20 Filipino seamen from a hijacked ship they held for more
than 80 days, as the Philippine government doubled the pay of
sailors passing through pirate-infested international waters. 47
Filipinos on three other ships were still in the hands of Somali
pirates. Pirates also released 29 Iranian crew members and their
cargo ship hijacked off Somalia's coast in late July.
2008 Oct 10, Yemeni officials
and the UN refugee agency said about 100 migrants from Somalia were
missing and feared drowned in the treacherous waters off the coast
of Yemen after smugglers forced them overboard 3 miles off Yemen’s
coast. 47 were believed to have survived.
(AP, 10/10/08)(SFC, 10/11/08, p.A10)
2008 Oct 10, Armed pirates off
Somalia hijacked a Greek chemical tanker with a crew of 20 flying a
2008 Oct 12, Somali forces from
semiautonomous Puntland unsuccessfully raided a hijacked ships. 2
pirates were killed.
(WSJ, 10/13/08, p.A15)
2008 Oct 13, In Somalia
Islamist insurgents attacked African Union peacekeepers in
Mogadishu, triggering fierce clashes that killed a civilian and
wounded five others.
2008 Oct 14, Off the Somali
coast a Panamanian-flagged vessel and its 11 crew members, nine
Syrians and two Somalis, were freed after a gunbattle in which one
Puntland soldier was killed and three wounded. The 10 pirates, who
had held the ship since Oct 9, surrendered when they ran out of
2008 Oct 14, Burundi said it
has completed its deployment of another 850 soldiers to Somalia,
bringing to about 3,400 the total number of African Union
peacekeepers stationed there. Burundi had already deployed some 850
soldiers to Somalia as part of AMISOM (African mission in Somalia).
2008 Oct 15, Armed pirates
hijacked a Japanese-operated bulk carrier with 21 Filipino crew
members in the Gulf of Aden near Somalia. The ship African
Sanderling was released on January 12, 2009.
(AP, 10/15/08)(AP, 1/13/09)
2008 Oct 16, In Somalia at
least 23 people were killed in Mogadishu when insurgents attacked
camps housing African Union and Ethiopian troops, triggering heavy
2008 Oct 16, Somali pirates
released 22 sailors they kidnapped on Sep 10, after the South Korean
ship owner paid a ransom. Koo Ja-Woo, an executive director of J and
J Trust, which owns the ship, said his company paid an unspecified
sum to the pirates through a foreign middleman with experience in
dealing with the seizure of ships.
2008 Oct 16, The European
Commission announced 15 million euros (20 million dollars) of
emergency food aid for victims of drought and soaring food prices in
five east African countries. The biggest share will go to Ethiopia
and Somalia and smaller amounts to Kenya, Uganda and Djibouti.
2008 Oct 18, Somali pirates
released a Thai ship after receiving a ransom.
2008 Oct 19, In Somalia 3
gunmen shot the employee of the UN Children's Fund, UNICEF, as he
walked home in the southern town of Hudur.
2008 Oct 21, A Somali official
said Somali gunmen acting as freelance coast guards freed a hijacked
Indian dhow and its 13 crew members after a battle with pirates off
the country's northern coast. The cargo-laden vessel was en route to
Somalia from Asia when it was seized over the weekend.
2008 Oct 23, The French Navy
captured nine pirates near the Gulf of Aden finding anti-tank
missiles, other weapons and ship boarding gear on the boats. A
Somali pirate warned that if a hijacked Ukrainian arms ship was
attacked the ship's 20-man crew would be killed.
2008 Oct 23, Russia, which sent
a warship to Somalia's coast to combat pirates, asked the African
nation for carte blanche to use force in its territorial waters.
2008 Oct 25, A gunman shot dead
a Somali woman employee in the latest of a string of attacks on the
humanitarian community. Duniya Sheik Daud was the 15th aid worker
killed so far this year in Somalia.
2008 Oct 27, In Somalia Aisha
Ibrahim Duhulow, a 13-year-old girl who said she had been raped, was
stoned to death in Kismayo after being accused of adultery by
2008 Oct 28-2009 Oct 29, In
northern Somalia 5 suicide car bombs attacks killed 28 people in
Hargeisa, the capital of Somaliland, and in Bosasso, Puntland.
Somali authorities arrested Cleric Sheik Mohamed Ismail in
connection with the attacks. Shirwa Ahmed, one of the suicide
bombers, was an American citizen and former resident of Minnesota.
(AP, 10/30/08)(SFC, 10/30/08, p.A4)(Econ,
2008 Oct 29, Pirates hijacked
the Turkish freighter MV Yasa Neslihan with a crew of 20 off the
coast of Somalia. Pirates freed the Yasa Neslihan freighter on Dec 6
after paying a ransom.
(SFC, 10/31/08, p.A8)(AP, 1/7/09)
2008 Nov 2, The bodies of 60
Somali and Ethiopian migrants washed up on the shores of southern
Yemen over the last three days.
2008 Nov 5, In Somalia 6
employees of the French aid group Action Against Hunger were
kidnapped in the town of Dhusamareb. They included four non-Somali
workers and two chauffeurs.
2008 Nov 7, Pirates near
Somalia hijacked a Danish cargo ship with 13 crew members, which
consisted of Russians and Ukrainians. The CEC Future was
released on January 16 following a ransom payment by Clipper
(AP, 11/8/08)(AP, 1/16/09)
2008 Nov 10, Gunmen in northern
Kenya seized two Italian Catholic nuns from a church before dawn and
took them across the border into a Somali region largely controlled
by Islamist insurgents. The nuns were free on February 19, 2009.
(AP, 11/10/08)(AP, 2/19/09)
2008 Nov 10, Pirates near
Somalia hijacked the MT Stolt Strength. a Philippines chemical
tanker with 23 crew, bringing the total number of attacks in waters
off the African nation this year to 83. The ship was freed on April
(AP, 11/11/08)(AFP, 4/21/09)
2008 Nov 12, In Somalia the
Islamist al-Shabab militia, that the US calls a terror organization,
seized Merka, a key port town, giving it control of most of southern
Somalia and sidelining the weak government. That night more than 100
heavily armed fighters entered Elasha, 11 miles (18 kilometers)
southwest of Mogadishu, after the pro-government militia fled.
(AP, 11/12/08)(AP, 11/13/08)
2008 Nov 12, Pirates
commandeered the Karagol, a Turkish chemical tanker, off the coast
of Yemen. 14 Turkish personnel were aboard the tanker. The Russian
frigate Neustrashimy and the British frigate Cumberland foiled
pirates who fired automatic weapons toward a Danish ship and twice
tried to seize it in the Gulf of Aden.
2008 Nov 15, In Somalia
fighters of al-Shabab took control of the port town of Barawe
without a fight after the government's allies left as soon as they
heard the fighters were on their way.
2008 Nov 15, Gunmen hijacked a
freighter with 23 crew off the coast of Somalia. The crew of the
Japanese-owned Chemstar Venus consisted of five South Koreans and 18
Filipinos. Somali pirates hijacked the Sirius Star, a newly
commissioned supertanker, more than 450 nautical miles southeast of
Mombasa, Kenya, along with its 25-member crew. The ship, owned by
Saudi oil company Aramco, was capable of carrying about 2 million
barrels of oil.
(AP, 11/16/08)(AP, 11/17/08)
2008 Nov 16, Somali
pirates freed another vessel after securing a ransom and a Russian
frigate repelled an attack on a Saudi ship.
2008 Nov 17, In Somalia
witnesses said African Union (AU) peacekeepers from Burundi have
started moving into positions usually manned by Ethiopian troops in
the capital Mogadishu, as part of the ongoing Djibouti peace
2008 Nov 18, Separate bands of
pirates seized a Thai fishing trawler with 16 crew members and an
Iranian cargo vessel with a crew of 25 in the Gulf of Aden. Pirates
on the trawler then apparently fired on the Indian naval frigate
Tabar. The Indians, believing the trawler to be a pirate "mother
ship," returned fire turning the Ekawat Nava 5 into a massive
fireball and killing 14 of the 15 crew as well as the pirates. The
Tabar then chased two attack boats into the night. A surviving
sailor spent six days adrift in the shark-infested ocean before
another ship picked him up. The Iranian vessel was released on Jan
(AP, 11/19/08)(AP, 11/26/08)(SFC, 11/26/08,
p.A3)(AP, 1/10/09)(AP, 6/5/09)
2008 Nov 20, Egypt held
emergency talks with nations bordering the Red Sea on how to stop
Somali gunmen from hijacking ships. Somali pirates had already
seized at least 80 ships off the Horn of Africa this year.
(SFC, 11/21/08, p.A13)
2008 Nov 20, The UN Security
Council voted unanimously to impose sanctions on pirates, arms
smugglers, and perpetrators of instability in Somalia in a fresh
attempt to help end years of lawlessness in the Horn of Africa
2008 Nov 21, Somali security
forces and Islamic insurgents engaged in one of the fiercest
gunbattles in recent weeks in Mogadishu, killing at least 17 people
and wounding six.
2008 Nov 21, Somali pirates
released a hijacked Greek-owned tanker with all 19 crew safe and the
oil cargo intact. The Liberian-flagged tanker MV Genius had been
seized on Sept. 26. The ship's management company said a ransom was
paid but did not say how much.
2008 Nov 24, Shipping officials
from around the world called for a military blockade along the coast
of Somalia to intercept pirate vessels heading out to sea.
2008 Nov 26, In northern
Somalia 2 foreign journalists were kidnapped while doing a story on
the rampant piracy in the region. The Britain and journalist and his
Spanish counterpart were released on Jan 4, after almost six weeks
in captivity in Somalia's breakaway Puntland state.
(AP, 11/26/08)(AFP, 1/4/09)
2008 Nov 28, Somali pirates
hijacked the chemical tanker chemical tanker M/V BISCAGLIA with 25
Indian and 3 Bangladeshi crew members. A helicopter rescued three
British security guards who had jumped into the sea. The Liberian
flagged ship operated out of Singapore. The ship was freed on Jan 23
following a $1 million ransom.
(AP, 11/28/08)(AP, 1/24/09)(WSJ, 1/31/08, p.A1)
2008 Nov 30, Pirates chased and
shot at the M/S Nautica, a US cruise liner with more than 1,000
people on board, but failed to hijack the vessel as it sailed along
a corridor patrolled by international warships.
2008 Dec 2, A Burundi soldier
serving with African Union forces in Somalia was killed in fighting
with Islamist insurgents in the war-torn capital Mogadishu.
2008 Dec 3, In Yemen the bodies
of 24 Somalis washed ashore following an accident involving a boat
trying to smuggle migrants. Strong winds pushed the bodies on to
beaches over the last 2 days near the town of al-Qasha'a. 184 more
Somalis involved in the accident managed to swim ashore.
2008 Dec 4, In Somalia 20 men
and women graduated from medical school in Mogadishu, something that
nobody in Somalia has done in nearly two decades.
2008 Dec 4, The Danish navy
intercepted and sunk a suspected pirate vessel drifting off Somalia.
7 men were handed over to authorities in Yemen but were not
immediately suspected of any crime.
2008 Dec 5, In Somalia 12
people were killed as mortar shells rained down on homes and a small
market in Mogadishu.
(SFC, 12/6/08, p.A5)
2008 Dec 8, The EU formally
launches its anti-piracy task mission off the Somali coast,
preparing to take over from the NATO flotilla guarding one of the
world's most important shipping lanes.
2008 Dec 9, Ethiopian troops
were reported to be pouring into neighboring Somalia to fight
radical Islamists who have taken over much of the country, raising
fears of more violence in a country fighting a deadly insurgency and
2008 Dec 10, The US proposed to
track down Somali pirates not only at sea, but on land and in
Somalian air space with cooperation from the African country's weak
2008 Dec 13, The Indian navy
captured 23 pirates who threatened a merchant vessel in the lawless
waters of the Gulf of Aden, where dozens of ships have come under
attack by gunmen in recent months. The pirates were from Somalia and
Yemen. A German helicopter thwarted another attack on a freighter
being chased by speed boats off Yemen.
(AP, 12/13/08)(SSFC, 12/14/08, p.A20)
2008 Dec 16, Somalia's
UN-backed government crumbled further as the president defied
parliament and Kenya announced sanctions against him in a strong
2008 Dec 16, Somali pirates
hijacked a tugboat belonging to total SA off the Yemeni coast. On
August 3 pirates freed the tugboat TB Masindra 7, its attached
Indonesian barge ADM1 and its 11 Indonesian sailors after a ransom
was paid to end the second-longest hostage saga off the coast of
(AP, 12/16/08)(AFP, 8/3/09)
2008 Dec 16, The UN Security
Council approved land and air attacks on pirate bases in Somalia.
(SFC, 12/17/08, p.A14)
2008 Dec 17, An international
anti-piracy force thwarted the attempted takeover of a Chinese cargo
ship off the Somali coast, sending in attack helicopters that fired
on the bandits and forced them to abandon the ship they had boarded.
The Indian navy handed over 23 pirates, caught at sea on Dec 13, to
authorities in Yemen.
2008 Dec 20, China said it will
send two destroyers and a supply vessel to the seas off Somalia to
back international efforts to fight piracy.
2008 Dec 20, Iranian state
radio said Iran has sent a warship to the coast of Somalia to
protect its cargo ships against piracy.
2008 Dec 22, A Sudanese
official said at least 18,000 Eritrean and Somali refugees have
arrived in Sudan since the start of the year, and the government is
struggling to provide them with aid.
2008 Dec 24, A spokesman
said Somali President Abdullahi Yusuf has decided to resign,
in a move the African Union said would be positive for the peace
process in the Horn of Africa nation. Mohamed Mohamud Guled, named
prime minister last week, resigned, saying his controversial
appointment was preventing the feuding government from fighting a
strengthening Islamic insurgency.
(Reuters, 12/24/08)(AP, 12/24/08)
2008 Dec 25, A German military
helicopter chased away pirates who were trying to board an Egyptian
ship off the coast of Somalia. One of the ship's crew was shot in
2008 Dec 26, Chinese warships,
armed with special forces, guided missiles and helicopters, set sail
for anti-piracy duty off Somalia, the first time the communist
nation has sent ships on a mission that could involve fighting so
far beyond its territorial waters.
2008 Dec 29, Abdullahi Yusuf,
the president of Somalia's UN-backed government, resigned amid
deepening international pressure, a move that could usher in more
chaos as a strengthening Islamic insurgency scrambles for power.
2008 Dec 30, In Somalia mortars
slammed into a busy market in Mogadishu, as the country's weak
government crumbled and the impending pullout of allied Ethiopian
troops raised fears that Islamic insurgents might seize the
opportunity to take over.
2009 Jan 1, Somali pirates
seized the Blue Star, an Egyptian cargo ship, and its 28
crewmembers. A Malaysian military helicopter saved an Indian tanker
from being hijacked in the new year's first attacks by pirates in
the dangerous Gulf of Aden. A crew of the French warship "PM L'Her"
dispatch boat intercepted two speedboats carrying 8 Somali pirates
as they were preparing to board a Panamanian cargo ship. The Blue
Star and its crew of 28 were freed on March 5 after a ransom was
dropped from a plane.
(AP, 1/1/09)(AP, 1/2/09)(AP, 3/5/09)
2009 Jan 2, Crewmen fired high
pressure water jets to fight off heavily armed Somali pirates trying
to board a Greek oil tanker in the Gulf of Aden in the fourth such
attack since the start of the year. A Chinese cargo ship evaded two
pirate boats chasing it in the Gulf of Aden.
(AP, 1/2/09)(AFP, 1/2/09)
2009 Jan 3, In Somalia Islamic
insurgents appeared to be scrambling for power, taking over several
police stations in the capital as Ethiopian troops who have been
propping up the government began to pull out.
2009 Jan 4, A French warship
foiled attempts by Somali pirates in the Gulf of Aden to seize two
cargo vessels and intercepted 19 people.
2009 Jan 6, In Somalia 3 masked
gunmen fatally shot a Somali aid worker. The UN envoy to Somalia
said the UN should create a Baghdad-style Green Zone in the African
country so he can base all his aid workers there. Aid workers Keiko
Akahane (32), a Japanese doctor, and Dutchman nurse Willem Sools
(27), were released after being held by Somali gunmen for 108 days.
(AP, 1/6/09)(AP, 1/10/09)
2009 Jan 8, In Somalia
gunmen fatally shot a UN World Food program worker during a food
distribution, the second staff member killed this week.
2009 Jan 8, The US Navy said a
new international force to battle pirates off the Somali coast is
being formed under American command in a bid to focus more military
resources to protect one of the world's key shipping lanes.
2009 Jan 9, Somali pirates
released the MV Sirius Star, an oil-laden Saudi supertanker seized
on Nov 15, after receiving a $3 million ransom. Five of the Somali
pirates drowned with their share of the $3 million ransom after
their small boat capsized.
(AP, 1/9/09)(AP, 1/10/09)
2009 Jan 9, Somali pirates
released a captured Iranian-chartered cargo ship. The ship Delight
was carrying 36 tons of wheat when it was attacked in the Gulf of
Aden Nov. 18 and seized by pirates. All 25 crew were in good health
and the vessel sailed toward Iran.
2009 Jan 11, In central Somalia
clashes between Islamist militias killed at least 29 people and
wounded more than 50 others. It was the latest sign of divisions
within an Islamist insurgency the US government says has links to
2009 Jan 12, In Somalia
Islamist insurgents fired mortar rounds at the presidential palace
in Mogadishu. At least 13 people were killed in 2 attacks. The
United States circulated a draft resolution calling for a UN
peacekeeping force to be deployed in Somalia to replace a small
African Union force, but leaving the Security Council to make a
final decision by June 1.
(AP, 1/13/09)(SFC, 1/12/09, p.A3)
2009 Jan 13, Ethiopia handed
over security duties in neighboring Somalia to a joint force of
Somali government security forces and Islamic militiamen, a shift
some fear will leave a power vacuum in the lawless African nation.
2009 Jan 13, A Russian warship
helped foil an attack on a Dutch container ship by suspected Somali
pirates in the dangerous Gulf of Aden.
2009 Jan 14, In Somalia Islamic
insurgents fired mortar rounds at the presidential palace and
clashed with government forces, leaving at least five civilians dead
a day after Ethiopian troops handed over security duties.
2009 Jan 15, The last Ethiopian
troops backing Somalia's fragile government left Mogadishu, as
Islamist forces took control of bases that the Ethiopians had
vacated. An Islamist court under Shabab publicly executed politician
Abdirahman Ahmed (55) to death by firing squad for showing sympathy
(AP, 1/15/09)(Econ, 2/28/09,
2009 Jan 16, The UN Security
Council unanimously adopted a resolution expressing its intention to
establish a UN peacekeeping force in Somalia, but putting off a
decision for several months in order to assess the volatile
situation in the Horn of Africa nation.
2009 Jan 17, Near Yemen
hundreds of people were missing and feared dead after three boats
carrying about 400 migrants from Somalia capsized.
2009 Jan 20, Abdullahi Yusuf
(75), Somalia's former president and an ex-warlord who was forced
from government, arrived in Yemen in a private jet from his
impoverished homeland, seeking political asylum. Islamic insurgents
and Somali forces clashed in Mogadishu, killing at least 14 people
in the latest sign the Islamists are making inroads into the few
areas the UN-backed government still controls.
(AP, 1/21/09)(AP, 1/21/09)
2009 Jan 24, In Somalia 17
people were killed in Mogadishu by a suicide car bomb targeting
African Union peacekeepers. The dead included a police officer, who
tried to stop the suicide bomber’s car. A gunfight between
peacekeepers and insurgents followed left 5 more dead.
(AFP, 1/24/09)(AFP, 1/26/09)
2009 Jan 28, Japan's defense
minister ordered the dispatch of ships to fight pirates off the
shores of Somalia, joining other countries in the battle against the
2009 Jan 29, Somali pirates
hijacked a German gas tanker, the MV Longchamp, and its 13-man crew
in the Gulf of Aden, the third ship captured off the Horn of Africa
this month. The ship was released along with its 13 crew members on
(AP, 1/29/09)(SFC, 1/30/09, p.A16)(AP, 3/28/09)
2009 Jan 31, In Somalia
moderate Islamist leader Sheikh Sharif Sheik Ahmed was sworn in. The
next day in a published interview he called for a united front
against violent extremists and signaled his intent to try to bring
together the country's feuding Islamic factions.
2009 Feb 2, In Somalia AU
peacekeepers opened fire on civilian vehicles and fatally shot 18
people after an AU vehicle was hit by a land mine in Mogadishu.
(SFC, 2/3/09, p.A3)
2009 Feb 3, The hardline Somali
Islamist group Shebab called on its fighters to intensify their holy
war against African Union (AU) peacekeepers.
2009 Feb 4, In Somalia gunmen
killed Said Tahlil Ahmed, the director of the country’s largest
media company, HornAfrik, at a market in Mogadishu. Three Somali
Canadians had established HornAfrik in 1999.
2009 Feb 5, Somali pirates said
that they were freeing, a Ukrainian ship carrying tanks and other
heavy weapons after receiving a $3.2 million ransom. The MV Faina
was seized last September 25. The Kenyan government claimed to the
cargo, which included 33 Soviet-designed battle tanks.
2009 Feb 8, In Somalia at least
three civilians were killed when insurgents attacked African Union
forces and government troops in the strife-torn capital Mogadishu.
2009 Feb 11, Off Somalia the
USS Vella Gulf detained seven suspected pirates, the Navy's first
arrests since it established an anti-piracy task force this year.
2009 Feb 12, Off Somalia an
American helicopter from the USS Vella Gulf fired warning shots at
gunmen in two skiffs that had opened fire and tried to board the
Indian-flagged vessel Premdivya. US forces searched the skiff and
found weapons including rocket-propelled grenades, then took nine
suspected pirates aboard the American ship. A Russian
nuclear-powered heavy missile cruiser, Peter The Great, detained 10
Somali pirates closing in on an Iranian-flagged fishing trawler. The
men, were caught with rifles, grenade-launchers, illegal narcotics
and a large sum of money.
2009 Feb 14, In Somalia
legislators approved a former leader's son as the country’s new
prime minister. Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke faced the task of
uniting a fractious government besieged by Islamic insurgents that
control most of the country.
2009 Feb 20, In Somalia
hardline Islamist militia attacked African Union forces in
Mogadishu, killing one civilian and wounding two others.
2009 Feb 22, Gunmen in northern
Somalia kidnapped a Pakistani. Al-Shabab insurgents claimed to have
carried out a suicide attack on an African Union peacekeeping base
in Mogadishu. 11 Burundi peacekeepers in Somalia were killed and
another 20 injured in a suicide attack by a Somali contractor who
delivered supplies and had easy access to the base.
(AP, 2/22/09)(AP, 2/23/09)
2009 Feb 25, In Somalia an
artillery shell killed two schoolchildren in Mogadishu during the
second day of fighting between AU peacekeepers and Islamist
insurgents. The death toll in the worst fighting for weeks reached
(AP, 2/25/09)(Reuters, 2/25/09)
2009 Feb 25, Danish and Chinese
warships stopped pirates attacking two different vessels off
2009 Feb 28, Somalia's new
Pres. Sheik Sharif Sheik Ahmed said the government and an Islamic
insurgent group have reached a cease-fire deal, days after dozens of
civilians were killed in fighting in Mogadishu.
2009 Feb 28, The yacht
Serenity, with two crew from the Seychelles on board, left the
islands en route to Madagascar and disappeared. One of the crew
called his family on March 24, saying he was being held by Somali
pirates and begging for help.
2009 Feb, The UN estimated that
10 million people still lived in Somalia.
(Econ, 2/28/09, p.49)
2009 Mar 10, Germany's navy
handed over nine suspected Somali pirates to Kenyan authorities and
they will be taken to a court to face charges. The nine were
arrested March 3 after they attacked the Hamburg-based MV Courier
2009 Mar 11, The African Union
extended by three months the mandate of its peacekeeping mission in
Somalia, and called on the UN to lift its arms embargo there.
2009 Mar 15, In central Somalia
clashes between rival Islamist militias killed at least 14 people
over the last 2 days. Most of those killed were fighters for the
al-Shabab group or its rival Ahlu-sunah Wal-jamea.
2009 Mar 16, In southern
Somalia gunmen seized four UN workers, the latest in a series of
attacks on aid workers in the war-ravaged Horn of Africa nation.
2009 Mar 19, Al-Qaida's chief
Osama bin Laden urged Somali militants to overthrow the country's
new president in a new Web audiotape, trying to torpedo a new push
for peace in a lawless African nation where many fear al-Qaida is
gaining a foothold.
2009 Mar 19, Pirates off the
coast of Somalia seized the St. Vincent-flagged Titan, with 24 crew
members on board, including a Greek captain and 3 Greek crew
members. A Turkish warship foiled a pirate attack on a Turkish
commercial ship in the Gulf of Aden.
2009 Mar 20, The UN Security
Council gave a stamp of approval to Somalia's new unity government
and urged increased international aid to African Union (AU)
peacekeepers trying to contain the violence in the lawless country.
2009 Mar 22, Off the coast of
Somalia pirates fired rocket-propelled grenades and automatic
weapons at Japanese, Greek and Hong Kong cargo ships but fled after
the ships took evasive maneuvers.
2009 Mar 25, Hundreds of
Somalis demonstrated in Baidoa against Islamist fighters after they
imposed a ban on leaf qat, a popular narcotic.
(SFC, 3/26/09, p.A2)
2009 Mar 25, The MT Nipayia, a
Greek-owned and Panama registered ship with a crew of 19, was
hijacked 450 miles east of Somalia’s south coast.
(AP, 3/27/09)(WSJ, 3/27/09, p.A8)
2009 Mar 26, Somalia's new
interior minister was wounded by a roadside bomb in an attack that
killed his bodyguard and wounded two others. The moderate Islamist
pledged to seek reconciliation with his attackers, widely believed
to be hardline fighters.
2009 Mar 26, The MT Bow Asir, a
Norwegian tanker with a crew of 27, was hijacked 250 miles east of
the south coast of Somalia.
(AP, 3/27/09)(WSJ, 3/27/09, p.A8)
2009 Mar 29, The int’l.
anti-piracy task force captured 7 pirates in the Gulf of Aden after
they opened fire on a German naval supply ship.
(SFC, 3/31/09, p.A2)
2009 Apr 1, A tourist yacht and
its crew of seven was hijacked by Somali pirates near the Seychelles
islands off Africa's east coast.
2009 Apr 4, Somali pirates
seized a 20,000-ton German container vessel, the Hansa Stavanger and
its 24-member crew, in their latest attack on the Indian Ocean's
busy commercial shipping lanes. The ship and crew were released on
August 3 as pirates boasted $2.75 million in ransom.
(AP, 4/5/09)(AP, 4/6/09)(AP, 7/18/09)(Econ,
2009 Apr 5, In Somalia an
overnight mortar attack aimed at troops and peacekeepers in
Mogadishu killed a child and wounded six other people, including 4
of the dead child's siblings. Somali pirates hijacked a small Yemeni
boat in the Indian Ocean.
(AP, 4/5/09)(AP, 4/6/09)
2009 Apr 6, Somali pirates
seized the Taiwanese ship Win Far 161 with 29 crew onboard near an
island in the Seychelles in the Indian Ocean. A 32,000-ton
British-owned bulk carrier, the Malaspina Castle, was also hijacked
in the Gulf of Aden. Pirates soon began using the Win Far as a base
for attacking other commercial ships. Win Far 161 was released on
Feb 11, 2010, following the payment of a ransom. Three of its crew
died of malnutrition and disease during their 10 month captivity.
(AP, 4/6/09)(AP, 8/27/09)(AP, 2/11/10)(Econ,
2009 Apr 8, Somali pirates
hijacked a US-flagged cargo ship with 20 American crew members
onboard. The 17,000-ton Maersk Alabama was carrying emergency relief
to Mombasa, Kenya. The pirates took Capt. Richard Phillips hostage
after they hijacked the Maersk Alabama, then fled the cargo ship as
the vessel's crew overpowered them.
(AP, 4/8/09)(AP, 4/9/09)
2009 Apr 9, FBI hostage
negotiators joined US Navy efforts to free an American ship captain
held captive on a lifeboat by Somali pirates. A US destroyer and a
spy plane kept close watch in the high-seas standoff near the Horn
of Africa. Capt. Richard Phillips made a desperate escape attempt
but was recaptured.
(AP, 4/9/09)(AP, 4/10/09)
2009 Apr 10, In Somalia
Islamist militants attacked African Union peacekeepers in Mogadishu
overnight, sparking heavy exchanges that killed two civilians.
2009 Apr 10, France's navy
freed a sailboat seized off Somalia last week by pirates, but one of
the hostages was killed. Pirates had seized the sailboat carrying
Florent Lemacon, his wife, 3-year-old son and two friends off the
Somali coast a week ago. Two pirates were killed, and Lemacon died
in an exchange of fire as he tried to duck down the hatch.
2009 Apr 11, Somali pirates
hijacked the Italian-flagged tugboat Buccaneer, an American-owned
tugboat, with 16 crew in the Gulf of Aden. The pirates abandoned the
ship on August 9 and all crew members were freed. No random was
(AP, 4/11/09)(AP, 4/26/09)(AP, 8/10/09)
2009 Apr 12, US Navy SEAL
snipers on a destroyer shot and killed three Somali pirates and
plucked an unharmed Capt. Richard Phillips to safety. A fourth
pirate surrendered. His rescue sparked concern for other hostages
and fears that the stakes have been raised for future hijackings in
the Indian Ocean shipping lane.
2009 Apr 14, Somali pirates
captured two more nautical trophies to match the two ships they
seized a day or two earlier. The MV Sea Horse, a Lebanese-owned
cargo ship, was attacked and captured by pirates in three or four
speedboats. That hijacking came only hours after the Greek-managed
MV Irene E.M. was seized in a rare overnight attack by pirates.
Somali pirates also hijacked two Egyptian fishing boats in the Gulf
of Aden off Somalia's northern coast, which maritime officials said
had a total of 36 crew. It was not exactly clear if those ships were
hijacked April 12 or 13. The Liberty Sun, a US flagged cargo ship,
repelled a pirate attack off the Somali coast. The MV Irene and 22
Filipino sailors were released on Sep 14.
(AP, 4/14/09)(WSJ, 4/15/09, p.A8)(AFP, 9/15/09)
2009 Apr 15, French forces
detained 11 pirates during an assault on a pirate "mother ship" and
thwarted a pirate attack on a Liberian-registered vessel.
2009 Apr 18, Somali
parliamentarians unanimously endorsed a proposal to implement
Islamic law in the Horn of Africa nation.
2009 Apr 18, Somali pirates
attacked two ships off the Horn of Africa, seizing the
Belgian-flagged Pompei carrying 10 crew. NATO forces intervened in
the other assault, chasing the pirates down. Dutch commandos then
freed 20 fishermen on a Yemeni dhow hijacked earlier. Seven pirates
attempted to attack the Norwegian-flagged MV Front Ardenne but fled
after crew took evasive maneuvers and alerted warships in the area.
NATO warships and helicopters pursued the Somali pirates for seven
hours after they attacked the tanker, and the high-speed chase only
ended when warning shots were fired at the pirates' skiff. NATO
forces boarded the skiff, where they found a rocket-propelled
grenade, and interrogated, disarmed and released the pirates. The
Pompei and its crew were released on June 28.
(AP, 4/18/09)(AP, 4/19/09)(AP, 6/28/09)
2009 Apr 19, In central Somalia
two Medecins Sans Frontieres (Doctors Without Borders) workers were
seized by around 25 gunmen traveling in two trucks. Dutch national
Kees Keus (49) and Belgian Jorgen Stassijns (40) were released on
(AP, 4/19/09)(AP, 4/28/09)
2009 Apr 20, Somali pirates in
two boats with about six pirates each attacked the Maltese-flagged
MV Atlantica, before the ship took evasive maneuvers and escaped in
the Gulf of Aden without damages or injury. Other pirates released a
Togo-flagged, Lebanese-owned ship after they found out it was
supposed to pick up food destined for Somalia. The MV Sea Horse was
hijacked April 14 with 19 crew as it headed to India to pick up more
than 7,300 tons of food destined for Somalia. The pirates also were
paid "a reward" of $100,000 by two Somali businessmen for freeing
the aid ship.
2009 Apr 21, Somali pirates
freed a chemical tanker and its 23 Filipino crew members after
holding them hostage in the Gulf of Aden for more than five months.
The MT Stolt Strength was seized Nov. 10, 2008.
2009 Apr 21, In a New York
court Somali pirate Abduwali Abdukhadir Muse (18) was charged with
piracy and other crimes relating to the Apr 8-Apr 12 siege of the
(WSJ, 4/22/09, p.A3)
2009 Apr 22, Somalia's foreign
minister urged the international community to help its fledgling
government set up a coast guard to fight the rampant piracy that has
disrupted shipping in one of the world's busiest waterways.
2009 Apr 23, The EU development
commissioner said an international conference has already pledged
over 250 million dollars to help Somalia improve its security.
2009 Apr 24, Somalia's hardline
Islamist leader Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys ruled out talks on with
the government until African Union peacekeepers withdraw from the
2009 Apr 25, In Somalia mortars
fired toward the parliament missed the building but hit a police
unit inside the compound as well as a residential neighborhood,
killing at least 7 people. Armed fighters attacked two African Union
peacekeeping bases in Mogadishu, and a witness said he saw the
bodies of three civilians killed.
(AP, 4/25/09)(AP, 4/26/09)
2009 Apr 25, Hijackers seized
the Maltese-flagged MV Patriot, a German-owned ship with a crew of
17, in the pirate-infested waters between Somalia and Yemen. An
Italian cruise ship with 1,500 people on board fended off a pirate
attack far off the coast of Somalia when its Israeli private
security forces exchanged fire with the bandits.
(AP, 4/25/09)(AP, 4/26/09)
2009 Apr 26, Pirates attacked 4
Yemeni tankers escorted by a Yemeni coast guard boat on their way to
Aden. 3 of the ships escaped and coast guards captured five pirates
and wounded two others. The Turkish cruiser Ariva 3, with two
British and four Japanese crew aboard, survived a pirate attack near
the Yemeni island of Jabal Zuqar. Somali pirates demanded a $5
million ransom for the release of two Egyptian fishing boats
hijacked earlier this month. Later in the day Yemeni coast guard
forces freed the hijacked Yemeni oil tanker (Qana) and arrested 11
Somali pirates, the first time the country has successfully retaken
a seized vessel.
(AP, 4/26/09)(AP, 4/27/09)
2009 Apr 28, The Seychelles
Coast Guard said it had arrested nine suspected pirates believed to
be behind the weekend attempt to hijack the melody, a luxury cruise
liner carrying an estimated 1,000 tourists in the Indian Ocean. The
Spanish navy had tracked the skiff and apprehended the suspects.
They were then turned over to the Seychelles Coast Guard.
2009 Apr 28, The Russian
destroyer Admiral Panteleyev seized a vessel with 29 suspected
pirates off the coast of Somalia. A Russian tanker fended off an
attack by the same group earlier in the day. On May 4 the Russian
warship freed 8 Iranians who were seized along with the suspected
(AP, 4/29/09)(AP, 5/4/09)
2009 May 1, Special forces on a
Portuguese warship seized explosives from suspected Somali pirates
after thwarting an attack on an oil tanker, but later freed the 19
men. Hours later and hundreds of miles away, another band of pirates
hijacked a cargo ship. The captain and 23 crew were all Ukrainians
and the Greek-owned, Maltese-flagged Ariana was carrying a cargo of
soya from Brazil to Iran when pirates attacked it southwest of the
Seychelles islands. The Ariana was freed on Dec 10 following a
ransom payment of $2.8 million by Athens-based Alloceans Shipping.
(AP, 5/2/09)(AP, 12/10/09)
2009 May 3, A French naval
vessel intercepted 11 suspected pirates traveling off the Somali
coast in two assault vessels and a so-called "mothership" loaded
with Kalashnikovs and rocket launchers.
2009 May 4, South Korean
snipers hovering in a helicopter chased away pirates pursuing a
North Korean freighter, while the Russian destroyer Admiral
Panteleyev freed eight Iranian citizens held hostage for more than
2009 May 5, Somali pirates
hijacked the MV Victoria, a German cargo ship carrying 11 crew
members in the Gulf of Aden. Pirates released the ship and its 11
Romanian crew members on July 18 following a ransom of $1.8 million.
(AP, 5/6/09)(AP, 7/18/09)
2009 May 7, Somali pirates
captured the Netherlands Antilles-flagged MV Marathon in the Gulf of
Aden. The ship listed 19 Ukrainian crew members. One of the crew
members died from a gun shot wound. On June 23 the Dutch Defense
Ministry reported that the ship was released.
(AP, 5/7/09)(AP, 6/23/09)
2009 May 10, In Somalia mortars
slammed into Mogadishu hitting a mosque and several homes. Weekend
fighting killed at least 35 people as pro-government Islamist
fighters clashed with gunmen who want to topple the Western-backed
2009 May 12, In Somalia a human
rights activist said 113 civilians have been killed in fierce
fighting in Mogadishu in the past three days. Some 10,000 civilians
fled their homes, raising the number displaced by the fighting to
more than 27,000.
2009 May 13, South Korean
Destroyer ROKS Munmu the Great and the US guided missile cruiser
Gettysburg dispatched helicopters to aid Egypt’s MV Amira after it
came under attack. 17 suspected pirates were apprehended following
the attack in the Gulf of Aden. In 2010 a Kenya court freed all 17
pirates for lack of evidence. A magistrate blamed the loss of the
case on the US Navy for not providing video and photographic proof
that they claimed to have.
(AP, 5/14/09)(AP, 11/5/10)
2009 May 17, In Somalia Islamic
insurgents sustained their offensive on the nation's fragile
government and captured a strategic southeastern town, hours after a
key Islamic militia leader defected to the government. Several local
and foreign jihadists were killed in Mogadishu when a bomb-making
workshop blew up.
(AP, 5/17/09)(Econ, 5/23/09, p.49)
2009 May 18, Somalia's war-torn
government appealed for international help to set up a coast guard,
saying it would guarantee that sea piracy near its shores is wiped
out once it has such an agency. In Malaysia representatives of the
government, attending an international conference on piracy, ruled
out allowing foreign forces on Somali soil to destroy pirate bases.
2009 May 18, Hard-line Somali
Islamist fighters captured Mahaday, 70 miles (113 km) north of
Mogadishu, after a pro-government militia abandoned it.
2009 May 19, In Somalia
witnesses said that Ethiopian troops have crossed the border and
appear to be stationing themselves at a strategic crossroads.
Ethiopia denied the reports. Witnesses said they saw Ethiopian
troops in the Somali town of Kalabeyr, 14 miles (22 km) from the
Ethiopian border and 11 miles (18 km) north of Belet Weyne, the
provincial capital of the Hiran region.
2009 May 20, In Somalia an
attack by Islamic insurgents on Somali troops near an African Union
peacekeeping base in Mogadishu killed at least three civilians,
including one child, as regional leaders met to discuss ways of
aiding the beleaguered government.
2009 May 22, Hundreds of Somali
government troops attacked insurgent-held positions north and south
of Mogadishu and the heart of the city was heavily shelled. One
witness said a busload of fleeing civilians was hit. Fighting
between Somali government troops and Islamic insurgents killed 53
people in Mogadishu. Residents reported that the operation had
failed to dislodge the insurgents.
(AP, 5/22/09)(AP, 5/23/09)
2009 May 22, The African Union
called on the UN Security Council to take "immediate measures" to
impose sanctions on Eritrea over its support for Islamist insurgents
2009 May 22, An Italian warship
arrested nine pirates after helping a US-flagged container vessel
and another ship evade brigands off the coast of Somalia.
2009 May 24, In Somalia a
foreign suicide bomber killed six guards and a civilian at a
military base in Mogadishu, an attack that came after two weeks of
2009 May 26, Somali insurgents
fired mortars at the presidential palace in Mogadishu, killing seven
civilians and two government soldiers. The UN Security Council voted
unanimously to condemn the recent surge in fighting in Somalia and
called for an end to actions that undermine the country's
2009 May 26, A Swedish Navy
ship detained seven suspected pirates after stopping them from
capturing a cargo ship in the Gulf of Aden.
2009 May 28, The Indian navy
thwarted a pirate attack on a merchant ship in the Gulf of Aden off
the coast of Somalia.
2009 May 29, The nonbinding New
York Declaration, an agreement between the signatory flag states
which condemns acts of piracy and armed robbery against vessels and
seafarers, was originally tabled by The Bahamas, the Republic of
Liberia, the Republic of Marshall Islands and the Republic of
Panama, four nations that account for more than half of global
2009 Jun 1, In Somalia a
roadside bomb in Mogadishu killed at least 4 police officers in
(SFC, 6/2/09, p.A2)
2009 Jun 4, Ethiopia charged 46
people, most of them ex-military, of plotting to assassinate
government officials. Ethiopia also said it has undertaken military
reconnaissance operations in Somalia, but is not planning to
2009 Jun 6, Somali pirates
released the Yenegoa Ocean, a Nigerian tugboat they hijacked 10
months ago on Aug 4, 2008. A Dutch navy ship escorted it to a safe
2009 Jun 7, In Somalia two
masked gunmen killed the director of one of the country’s largest
broadcasters, raising to five the number of journalists killed there
2009 Jun 10, The US Navy handed
over 17 suspected Somali pirates to Kenya, taking the total number
held in the east African nation to 101.
2009 Jun 17, Somali government
forces attacked rebel strongholds in Mogadishu, triggering battles
that killed at least 17 people, including Col. Ali Said , the
capital's police chief.
2009 Jun 18, In western Somalia
a suicide bombing killed at least 25 people including National
Security Minister Omar Hashi Aden at the Medina Hotel in Belet
Weyne. Al-Shabab, an extremist group with alleged links to the
al-Qaida terror network, claimed responsibility.
(AP, 6/18/09)(AP, 7/26/09)
2009 Jun 20, Somali lawmakers
pleaded for international military intervention within 24 hours to
help fight Islamic insurgents, where fierce fighting has resumed in
Mogadishu. The government called for troops from Kenya and Ethiopia
to come to its aid.
(AP, 6/20/09)(Econ, 6/27/09, p.56)
2009 Jun 22, An Islamic court
in Somalia sentenced four men to have a hand and a leg cut off for
stealing mobile phones and guns. The court postponed the punishment
the next day saying the hot weather could cause them to bleed to
(AP, 6/23/09)(SFC, 6/23/09, p.A2)
2009 Jun 22, Pirates off
Somalia were chased down and captured by NATO’s Portuguese warship,
the Corte-real, after an attempted hijacking of a Singaporean
(SFC, 6/23/09, p.A2)
2009 Jun 25, In Somalia in a
brazen show of power in Mogadishu, Islamist rebels punished four
convicted thieves (ages 18-25) by cutting off a hand and a foot each
before hundreds of onlookers who gathered for the bloody spectacle.
2009 Jun 25, US officials
acknowledged that the US organized an arms shipment to the Somali
government earlier this month.
(SFC, 6/26/09, p.A3)
2009 Jun 26, The UN refugee
agency said that the bloody conflict in Somalia has created the
world's largest refugee camp, with 500 hungry and exhausted refugees
pouring into a wind-swept camp in neighboring Kenya every day.
2009 Jun 28, Somali pirates
released the entire crew of the Belgian the Pompei dredger, a ship
seized on April 18, after a ransom was paid.
2009 Jul 5, In Somalia heavy
shelling between rebels and government forces near the presidential
palace killed at least 12 people. PM Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke
looked for help from more African Union peacekeepers.
2009 Jul 6, Ethnic Somali
rebels (ONLF) in Ethiopia's Ogaden region claimed they killed 90
government troops in recent clashes, but the government denied any
losses, claiming victory instead.
2009 Jul 8, Somali pirates
seized a Turkish ship with 23 crew and were being shadowed by a
Turkish warship in the Gulf of Aden. The pirates first surrounded
the Horizon-1 in speed boats and then boarded the ship, which was
carrying sulfate from Saudi Arabia to Jordan.
2009 Jul 10, Somali residents
said Islamist insurgent fighters in Baidoa have beheaded seven
people accused of abandoning their religion and of espionage, in the
largest mass execution since the Islamists were chased from power
two and a half years ago.
2009 Jul 11, In Somalia a
foreign fighter and Nor Daqli, head of security for the capital,
were among 16 people killed in fighting between UN-backed government
forces and Islamist insurgents in the north of Mogadishu.
2009 Jul 11, In Somalia a
foreign fighter and Nor Daqli, head of security for the capital,
were among 16 people killed in fighting between UN-backed government
forces and Islamist insurgents in the north of Mogadishu.
2009 Jul 12, Somali government
forces with the help of African Union tanks fought Islamic militants
in the capital, with clashes killing at least seven people.
Witnesses said dozens of people were killed and some 150 wounded.
(AFP, 7/12/09)(AP, 7/13/09)
2009 Jul 14, In Somalia two
French officials working as security advisers to the Somali
government were kidnapped in Mogadishu. Agent Marc Aubriere managed
to escape on August 26. Secret-agent Alexx Denis remained captive.
(Reuters, 7/14/09)(AP, 8/26/09)(SFC, 8/27/09,
p.A2)(Econ, 8/13/11, p.45)
2009 Jul 20, In Somalia Islamic
insurgents with alleged links with al-Qaida looted two United
Nations compounds in southern Somalia, and announced they will ban
three UN agencies from operating in areas the militants control.
2009 Jul 22, Somali Islamist
insurgents clashed with government forces and African Union
peacekeepers, killing 3 government, 3 insurgent fighters. The
renewed fighting between the radical Shebab militia and AU-backed
government forces killed at least 15 civilians in Mogadishu.
(AP, 7/23/09)(AFP, 7/24/09)
2009 Jul 24, Burundi army
officials said 3 of its soldiers serving with African Union
peacekeepers in Somalia have died of a mysterious illness in a
Kenyan hospital where more than 10 others are being treated.
2009 Jul 24, Turkish commandos
captured five pirates in the Gulf of Aden as part of an
international mission to curb piracy off the coast of Somalia.
2009 Jul 26, Somali government
troops took full control of Belet Weyne, the strategic western town
where the national security minister was killed last month.
2009 Jul 27, In Somalia mortar
attacks by rebels disrupted a parliamentary session as heavy
fighting between the militia and African Union-backed government
forces killed 7 civilians.
2009 Jul 28, The UN refugee
agency said thousands of Somalis are preparing to cross the Gulf of
Aden to Yemen after fleeing fighting around the capital of
2009 Aug 1, Burundi said it has
deployed a third battalion of 850 soldiers to Mogadishu to reinforce
the African Union peacekeeping mission there. With the new troops,
more than 5,000 soldiers from Burundi and Uganda are now taking part
in the AU Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), which began in March 2007 and
has cost the lives of 17 Burundian soldiers.
2009 Aug 6, US Secretary of
State Hillary Rodham Clinton, speaking in Kenya, pledged to "expand
and extend" American support for Somalia's weak interim government
as it struggles against Islamist extremists believed linked to
2009 Aug 8, In Somalia’s pirate
stronghold of Harardhere, fighting over the last 24 hours killed at
least 12 people. A dispute over a car escalated as clan militias got
involved. Mortar shells slammed into a busy market in the capital,
Mogadishu, killing six people and wounding 18.
2009 Aug 11, In Somalia 4
European aid workers and two Kenyan pilots were released after being
held hostage for nine months.
2009 Aug 12, In Somalia masked
gunmen killed five Pakistani preachers outside the Tawfiq Mosque in
Galkayo following morning prayers.
2009 Aug 13, The crew of two
Egyptian fishing vessels overpowered Somali pirates after being held
hostage for four months and, with machetes and tools, killed at
least two pirates before sailing to freedom. The fight took place
near the coastal town of Las Qorey off the Gulf of Aden. The pirates
had demanded a ransom of $1.5 million.
2009 Aug 15, Somali pirates
found seven dead colleagues floating in the ocean and vowed to take
revenge against Egyptian fishermen they say killed them during an
August 13 escape.
2009 Aug 17, In Somalia gunmen
stormed a UN aid compound in Wajid overnight, sparking a gunbattle
that killed three of the attackers and wounded one. Hundreds of
pro-government militiamen rolled into Bula Hawa town near the Kenyan
border after al-Shabab fighters abandoned it.
2009 Aug 20, In central Somalia
fighting between government soldiers and Islamic insurgents killed
at least 40 people as the warring sides tried to gain ground in
(AP, 8/20/09)(SFC, 8/21/09, p.A2)
2009 Aug 21, In Somalia an
insurgent attack on a peacekeeping base sparked gunbattles that
killed at least 22 people, as the undermanned African peacekeeping
force tried to maintain the government's tenuous hold on Somalia's
2009 Aug 22, In Somalia Islamic
insurgents attacked a government checkpoint in Mogadishu, sparking a
gunbattle that killed at least five people on the first day of the
Muslim holy month of Ramadan.
2009 Aug 25, The UN said
Somalia is facing its worst humanitarian crisis in 18 years, with
more than half of the population needing humanitarian aid amid an
2009 Aug 26, Somali pirates in
the Gulf of Aden fired at a US Navy helicopter as it made a
surveillance flight over the Win Far, a Taiwanese-flagged fishing
vessel seized in April, the first such attack by pirates on an
American military aircraft.
2009 Aug 29, Somali witnesses
said hundreds of Ethiopian troops have crossed the border and seized
control of the Somali town of Belet Weyne from Islamist insurgents.
2009 Sep 5, In Somalia at least
six civilians were killed and 18 others wounded in clashes that
erupted when insurgents attacked government and African Union forces
2009 Sep 6, Somali authorities,
who say they were not informed of a hostage exchange plan, stopped a
deal to swap three hostages held by Somali pirates with 23 suspected
pirates, who had been held in the Seychelles.
2009 Sep 8, Somalia graduated
its first 500 naval recruits hoping they would form the backbone of
the country’s first naval force in nearly two decades. 8 civilians
were killed and 31 wounded overnight during clashes pitting
insurgents against government and African Union forces in Mogadishu.
(SFC, 9/9/09, p.A2)(AFP, 9/8/09)
2009 Sep 9, A Somali Islamic
court cut off the hands of two men accused of theft and lashed
another accused of rape.
2009 Sep 9, The US, Britain,
Cyprus, Japan and Singapore signed on to an international plan, the
“New York Declaration," to fight piracy off the coast of Somalia.
The New York Declaration is an agreement between the signatory flag
states which condemns acts of piracy and armed robbery against
vessels and seafarers and recognizes that self protection measures
taken by vessels can be highly effective in avoiding, delaying and
deterring acts of piracy. The nonbinding political document was
originally tabled on May 29, 2009.
2009 Sep 11, In Somalia mortars
slammed into Mogadishu, killing three civilians and at least 12 men
at a home for disabled veterans. Nearly a dozen other former
soldiers were wounded in the attack.
2009 Sep 14, In southern
Somalia foreign troops firing from 6 helicopters killed two people
in a car and then took two others captive in an insurgent-held
village near Barawe. Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan (30), a Kenyan citizen
and one of Africa's most wanted al-Qaida suspects, was one of the
dead. He was wanted for questioning in connection with the car
bombing of a beach resort in Kenya and the near simultaneous attempt
to shoot down an Israeli airliner in 2002. Forces from the US Joint
Special Operations Command were involved in the raid.
(AP, 9/14/09)(AP, 9/15/09)
2009 Sep 17, In Somalia
Islamist insurgents drove two stolen UN cars loaded with explosives
onto the main base of African Union peacekeepers and triggered
massive blasts that a witness said killed 21 people, including 4
suicide bombers, 16 officials from the government and AMISOM, the AU
peacekeeping force, and the Burundian deputy commander of the force.
Islamist insurgents said the attack was in revenge for a US commando
raid that killed an al-Qaida operative. An hour later missiles were
fired from the AU base strike rebel-controlled areas of Mogadishu,
killing seven people and wounded 16. It was later suspected that one
of the suicide bombers was a Somali-American teenager, Omar Mohamud
(18), of Seattle, Wa. Al-Shabab said the bombing was in retaliation
for a U.S. raid days earlier that killed an al-Qaida operative in
(AP, 9/17/09)(AP, 9/18/09)(AP, 9/25/09)(AP,
2009 Sep 20, Somali al-Shabab
insurgents attacked a town near the border with Ethiopia, killing at
least 10 people.
2009 Sep 21, Coca Cola chose
the hip-hop song “Wavin’ Flag" by Somali-born singer K’naan (31) as
the anthem for the coming World Cup in South Africa. Born Keynaan
Warsame in Somalia’s seaside capital, Mogadishu, he is now a citizen
2009 Sep 22, In Somalia Islamic
insurgents attacked an African Union peacekeeping base, sparking a
battle that killed at least 8 people and wounded more than a dozen.
2009 Sep 24, Swiss lawmakers
decided not to join the European Union's anti-piracy efforts, amid
concern that participating in the mission off Somalia could violate
the Alpine nation's long-standing neutrality.
2009 Sep 26, Turkey's navy
commandos aboard a frigate captured seven pirates in the Gulf of
Aden off Somalia's coast.
2009 Sep 28, In Somalia the
al-Shabab extremist Islamic group executed two Somali men in
Mogadishu, accusing them of being spies for foreign organizations.
Mortars and missiles pounded parts of Mogadishu, killing at least 13
civilians in two separate battles between Islamic militiamen and the
African Union peacekeeping force.
2009 Oct 1, In Somalia fighting
between rival Islamist factions over control of Kismayo, a key port
city, killed at least 12 people, in the first concrete sign of a
major split in the Islamist alliance threatening the fragile
2009 Oct 2, Somali pirates
hijacked the Alakrana, a Spanish tuna trawler, with a 36-member crew
in the Indian Ocean 415 miles (670km) from the Seychelles islands.
Two days later Spanish naval forces, taking part in the EU
anti-piracy mission, captured two suspected pirates as they tried to
travel ashore to Somalia from the Alakrana in a skiff. All of the
crew were released safe and sound 47 days later after a ransom of
four million dollars was paid.
(AP, 10/2/09)(AP, 11/5/09)(AFP, 9/24/11)
2009 Oct 3, In Minnesota Somali
Pres. Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed visited Minneapolis and St. Paul
and urged expatriates to help find solutions to the violence in
their homeland. The area is home to the largest Somali population in
(SSFC, 10/4/09, p.A10)
2009 Oct 7, Somali pirates in
two skiffs fired on a French navy vessel after apparently mistaking
it for a commercial boat. The French ship gave chase and captured
five suspected pirates.
2009 Oct 9, In Somalia an
Islamist spokesman says gunmen have killed Ahmed Abdurahamn Odawa,
aka "Taliban," a senior member of Somalia's insurgency in Mogadishu.
Odawa's bodyguard and a nearby civilian were also killed. Three
people were killed and six injured in a separate incident in the
central Somali village of Bacda. 6 masked men used machetes to carry
out amputations on three young men accused of robbery by a Somali
Islamist court in Kismayo.
(AP, 10/9/09)(AP, 10/10/09)
2009 Oct 10, The French
military fired on pirates in the Indian Ocean to protect two tuna
2009 Oct 13, French soldiers in
the Indian Ocean opened fire on pirates, warding off an attack on
two French tuna fishing vessels off the Seychelles Islands.
2009 Oct 15, Somali pirates
seized the Kota Wajar, a Singapore-flagged container ship, in the
Indian Ocean about 300 miles (480km) north of the Seychelles
2009 Oct 19, Somali pirates
seized a Chinese cargo ship with 25 people onboard. On Dec 27 a band
of Somali pirates split a $4 million ransom to release the bulk
carrier De Xin Hai, a Chinese cargo ship, and 25 sailors after two
months in captivity.
(AP, 10/19/09)(AP, 12/28/09)
2009 Oct 21, In Somalia a
powerful Islamist group linked to al-Qaida ordered two radio
stations in southwestern Somalia to stop broadcasts indefinitely.
2009 Oct 22, In Somalia mortar
bombs killed at least 30 people in Mogadishu after rebels launched
shells at the president's plane and African Union (AU) peacekeepers
responded with heavy artillery fire.
2009 Oct 22, Somali pirates
with automatic weapons seized the India-managed, Panamanian-flagged
MV Al Khaliq cargo ship off Africa's east coast and held its 26 crew
members hostage. Pirates also unsuccessfully attempted to hijack the
Italian-flagged MV Jolly Rosso off the Kenyan coast. The Al Khaliq
cargo ship was freed on Feb 9, 2010, after 3.1 million US dollars
were paid to the pirates.
(AP, 10/22/09)(AFP, 2/9/10)
2009 Oct 23, Somali Islamist
rebels threatened to attack the capitals of Burundi and Uganda, the
two central African countries that have deployed peacekeeping troops
to prop up Somali's transitional government.
2009 Oct 23, British couple
Paul and Rachel Chandler were heading from the Seychelles to
Tanzania in their yacht, the Lynn Rival, when the distress signal
was sent. Reports followed that the couple were seized by pirates.
The couple were taken to the Somali pirate lair of Harardhere and $7
million was later demanded for their release. The Chandlers were
released on Nov 14, 2010, after a ransom of at least 750,000 dollars
(AP, 10/27/09)(AFP, 10/29/09)(AP, 10/31/09)(AFP,
2009 Oct 25, In Somalia
Islamist militants in the port town of Merca shot to death two men
accused by fighters of spying for the weak government.
2009 Oct 28, Somalia’s PM Omar
Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke said that many countries are fishing
illegally in Somali waters and have pushed formerly profitable
Somali fishermen into the pirate trade. "We estimate that the value
of the fish being taken from our waters is perhaps hundreds of
millions of dollars." 5 people were killed in fighting after
insurgents sent mortars toward the airport as the president was
(AP, 10/28/09)(AP, 10/31/09)
2009 Oct 28, Somali pirates
exchanged fire with a French fishing vessel. They sped away, but
were soon stopped by a Spanish naval helicopter. 7 pirates were
detained on the German naval vessel, FGS Karlsruhe.
2009 Oct 29, Somali pirates
continued their rampage around the Seychelles and seized a
Thailand-flagged trawler, believed to be Russian-owned with a crew
of 25. Somali pirates currently held a total of nine ships and
around 200 crew. Pirates received a ransom and released the Thai
Union 3 on March 7.
(AP, 10/29/09)(AP, 3/7/10)
2009 Oct 31, Ahmed Gadaf, a
self-described spokesman for Somali pirates, said that boats from
other countries are plundering Somalia's fish-rich waters.
2009 Nov 1, Somali pirates
hijacked a Panamanian-flagged cargo ship with 18 crew off the east
coast of Africa, the latest in an increasing number of attacks. The
hijacking of the al-Mizan was not reported until Nov 10 when the
bandits demanded a $3 million ransom. The ship was reported released
on Nov 23. The pirates asked for and received $15,000 for
"expenses." A self-proclaimed pirate named Abdi Nor said that
pirates did not demand a ransom since the ship was bound for
Mogadishu and carried goods owned by Somalis.
(AP, 11/10/09)(AP, 11/23/09)
2009 Nov 1, Somaliland defense
minister Saleban Warsame Guled said a roadside bomb in the country's
semiautonomous northern region has killed two people, including
Osman Yusuf, an infantry division commander.
2009 Nov 5, Somali pirates
captured a Greek-owned bulk carrier with 21 crew on board. The
carrier, which is flagged in the Marshall Islands, had been heading
to Zanzibar but was last seen 300 miles east of Mombasa, Kenya. The
ship and crew were released on Dec 17.
(AP, 11/5/09)(AP, 12/18/09)
2009 Nov 9, The EU Naval Force
said pirates in two skiffs fired automatic weapons and
rocket-propelled grenades at the Hong Kong-flagged BW Lion about
1,000 miles (1,600 km) east of the Somali coast. The ship avoided
the attack and no casualties were reported. Some 14 Somali pirates
seized a Yemeni fishing boat, the Al Hilal or Al Halil.
(AP, 11/9/09)(AP, 11/11/09)
2009 Nov 10, Somali pirates
seized a Greek cargo ship, the 150 m (492 ft) Marshall
Islands-flagged MV Filitsa, after a 5-hour chase across the Indian
Ocean. 3 Greek officers and 19 Filipino sailors were aboard the
ship, which was carrying bulk urea from Kuwait to South Africa.
2009 Nov 11, In Somalia gunmen
in Bossaso killed High Court Judge Mohamed Abdi Aware, a top judge
who had sentenced many pirates and human traffickers to long jail
terms. 3 men were arrested the next day over the killing. Puntland
legislator Ibrahim Ilmi Warsame was also shot dead as he sat in a
restaurant with friends.
2009 Nov 13, The French
government said its navy has seized 3 boats of Somalia’s coast and
detained 12 suspected pirates, while seizing an arsenal including
assault rifles and rocket launchers.
(SFC, 11/14/09, p.A2)
2009 Nov 16, It was reported
that thousands of people, including children, are being secretly
recruited and trained inside Kenya to battle Islamic insurgents in
neighboring Somalia. Recruiters, about 2 months ago, started openly
operating in Kenyan towns and in nearby huts and tents of the
2009 Nov 16, A North
Korean-crewed, Kiribati-flag, UK-British Virgin Islands owned,
single-hulled chemical tanker named the MV Theresa VIII was hijacked
with 28 crew members in the south Somali Basin, 180 nautical miles
North West of the Seychelles. The ship was released on March 16,
2010, following a ransom payment.
2009 Nov 17, Somali pirates
freed 36 crew members from the Spanish trawler Alakrana after
holding them since Oct 2. A self-proclaimed pirate said the
hostage-takers were paid $3.3 million in ransom, while Spain's PM
Zapatero said the country did what it had to do.
2009 Nov 18, Somali pirates
attacked the Maersk Alabama for the second time in seven months,
though private guards on board the US-flagged ship repelled the
attack with gunfire and a high-decibel noise device.
2009 Nov 20, Somali pirates
hijacked a Panamanian cargo ship in the Gulf of Aden between the
Arabian peninsula and the Horn of Africa.
2009 Nov 29, Somali pirates
seized the Greece-flagged Maran Centaurus, a tanker carrying more
about $150 million of crude oil from Saudi Arabia to the US, in the
waters off East Africa. The tanker was released on Jan 18 following
a $5.5 million ransom. A shootout between rival Somali pirate gangs
over their biggest ransom ever threatened to turn the supertanker
and the 28 hostages aboard into a massive fireball until bandits
begged the anti-piracy force for help. Ransom after 50 days was said
to be between $5.5 and $7 million.
(AP, 11/30/09)(AP, 12/4/09)(AP, 1/18/10)(Econ,
2009 Nov 29, Pirates attacked a
Spanish fishing vessel in the Indian Ocean, firing small arms and a
rocket-propelled grenade, but private security guards aboard the
ship shot back and repelled them.
2009 Dec 1, Pirates off Oman
attacked the oil tanker, Sikinos. Using flares and hoses, the crew
of the Greek oil tanker fought off the pirate attack in the Arabian
2009 Dec 2, Somali pirates on
speedboats tried to board the Antigua and Barbuda-flagged BBC Togo,
but were repelled after firing on the vessel. 13 pirates then fled
to a larger fishing boat 150 nautical miles (280km) south of Salalah
where a Dutch frigate captured them.
2009 Dec 3, In Somalia a male
suicide bomber dressed as a woman attacked a university graduation
ceremony in a small part of Mogadishu still under government
control, killing 24 people, including 3 Cabinet ministers, 3
journalists and a number of graduating doctors. The president of
Benadir University said 43 students were taking part in the
graduation ceremony at the Shamo Hotel. The bomber was later
reported to be a Danish citizen of Somali descent.
(AP, 12/3/09)(AP, 12/4/09)(AP, 12/10/09)(Econ,
2009 Dec 7, In Somalia hundreds
of students marched in Mogadishu's streets in the first known
protest against Islamic militants, as Somalia's government warned
that militants are planning suicide attacks against key
installations in Mogadishu.
2009 Dec 8, Somali pirates
hijacked the MV Shahbaig, a Pakistan-flagged fishing vessel with 28
crew members aboard.
2009 Dec 14, In Somalia a
community leader said an explosion of an old land mine has killed
six children from the same family near the border with Ethiopia.
2009 Dec 17, Oxfam said some
areas of East Africa had received less than 5% of the normal
November rains and that many people are malnourished in Uganda,
Tanzania, Somalia, Kenya and Ethiopia. It was the sixth failed rainy
season for war-ravaged Somalia and the worst drought there for 20
years. The European Commission announced that it would immediately
release an extra $75 million to fund emergency relief for
drought-stricken areas of East Africa. It estimated that 16 million
people will need aid in the coming months.
2009 Dec 18, The UN High
Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) said an estimated 74,000 Africans,
mainly from Ethiopia and Somalia, have fled to Yemen as refugees or
economic migrants. That's a 50 percent higher than in 2008.
2009 Dec 20, In Somalia Islamic
militants fired mortars into Mogadishu's police compound as the
force was celebrating its 66th anniversary, sparking a battle that
killed at least 12 civilians and a police officer.
2009 Dec 21, In Somalia a bomb
blast and a separate mortar attack on a radio station in Mogadishu
killed eight people.
2009 Dec 24, Witnesses in
Somalia said fighting spurred by a land dispute in Galkayo has
killed eight people.
2009 Dec 28, Somali pirates
seized the UK-flagged chemical tanker St James Park, the first
merchant vessel to be hijacked there in nearly six months. 3 hours
later the Navios Apollon, a Panamanian-flagged carrier with 19 crew
members, was seized by pirates 370km east of the Seychelles, over
1,300km from Somalia. A ransom for the Navios Apollon was dropped to
the ship on Feb 27, 2010.
(AP, 12/29/09)(Econ, 1/9/10, p.47)(AP, 2/27/10)
2009 Dec 30, Somali pirates
attacked the 105,000-ton MV Album, a Kuwaiti-flagged oil tanker, but
failed to seize it.
2009 Peter T. Leeson authored
“The Invisible Hook: The Hidden Economics of Pirates."
(SSFC, 6/28/09, p.F1)
2009 Hijackings of ships this
year by Somali pirates rose to 42 from 32 in 2008. The average
ransom also rose from $1 million to $2 million.
(Econ, 1/9/10, p.47)
2009 The US helped fund a
training camp for nearly 1,000 Somali soldiers in neighboring
Djibouti. The French-trained troops were supposed to earn $100 per
month, but about half of them deserted because they were not paid.
Some returned to ordinary life and others joined the al-Shabab
(SFC, 4/28/10, p.A3)
2010 Jan 1, Somali pirates
hijacked a British-flagged cargo ship, the Asian Glory, with 25 crew
including eight Bulgarians, 620 miles (1,000 km) east of Somalia. It
was transporting cars from Singapore to Jeddah in Saudi Arabia. The
Singaporean-flagged Pramoni, a chemical tanker with a crew of 24,
was seized by pirates in the heavily defended Gulf of Aden. The ship
was carrying fertilizer from the US to India. The Pramoni was
released on Feb 26 after a ransom was delivered by parachute.
(AFP, 1/2/10)(AP, 1/2/10)(AP, 2/26/10)
2010 Jan 1, In Denmark Muhudiin
Mohamed Geele (29), a Somali man armed with an axe and suspected of
links with al Qaeda, broke into the home of Kurt Westergaard (74), a
Danish cartoonist, whose drawings of the Prophet Mohammad caused
global Muslim outrage. The attacker, who was shot and wounded by
police, was charged the next day with two counts of attempted
murder. On Feb 3, 2011, Geele was convicted of terrorism. The next
day he was sentenced to 9 years in prison to be followed by
(Reuters, 1/2/10)(AP, 2/3/11)(Reuters, 2/4/11)
2010 Jan 2, In Somalia
Al-Shabab attacked Dusamareb, 500km north of the capital Mogadishu,
and captured it from Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a, a traditional Sufi group,
for a short while before being forced out again. At least 50 people
died in the fighting.
(http://tinyurl.com/ycmkkye)(SFC, 1/5/10, p.A2)
2010 Jan 5, The UN food agency
said it is stopping aid distribution to about 1 million people in
southern Somalia because of attacks against staff and demands by
armed groups that aid organizations remove women from their teams.
2010 Jan 10, In Somalia clashes
began between rival Islamic militias battling for control of in
Belet Weyne, a strategic western town. At least 14 people were
killed as the clashes continued into the next day.
2010 Jan 13, In Somalia 7
children were among ten people killed in shelling by Somali
government forces in Mogadishu as troops backed by African Union
peacekeepers fired mortars into districts held by Islamist
2010 Jan 25, In Somalia a
mortar shell smashed into an African Union peacekeeping mission base
in Mogadishu, killing several people, including a soldier.
2010 Jan 27, Ahmed Mohamed
Mohamoud (8), a Somali boy, died just days after undergoing
reconstructive surgery in Kenya. He had been horribly disfigured
months ago by a stray bullet in Mogadishu. Ahmed personified the
civilian toll in the brutal conflict in Somalia and drew offers of
aid from around the world.
2010 Jan 29, Somali insurgents
sparked the heaviest day of fighting in the capital in months,
launching simultaneous attacks on government forces and peacekeepers
that killed at least 15 people.
2010 Jan 31, In Somalia heavy
mortar fire between African Union peacekeepers and Islamist
insurgents killed at least 12 civilians and left scores wounded in
2010 Jan 31, In Ethiopia UN
Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon attended the AU's annual summit in
Addis Ababa and again failed to pledge peacekeepers for Somalia. Ban
Ki-Moon criticized power-grabs in Africa in a speech to the
continent's leaders as Libya's Moamer Kadhafi reluctantly handed
over the presidency of the African Union to Malawian President Bingu
wa Mutharika. The AU agreed to consider a Senegalese proposal to
resettle Haiti's earthquake homeless and possibly create a state for
them in Africa.
(Reuters, 1/31/10)(AFP, 1/31/10)(Reuters,
2010 Feb 2, Somali pirates
hijacked a North Korean cargo ship with an unknown number of crew on
board. The MV Rim, owned by White Sea Shipping of Libya, was seized
in the Gulf of Aden, outside the internationally recommended transit
corridor patrolled by the anti-piracy naval coalition. The crew of
one Romanian and 9 Syrians fought their way free on June 2 with the
help of Ahmed, a pirate cook, who had smuggled food to the crew and
(AP, 2/3/10)(SFC, 6/19/10, p.A3)
2010 Feb 5, Danish special
forces disrupted the takeover by Somali pirates of the cargo ship
Ariella in the Gulf of Aden. A frogmen unit scaled the sides of the
ship using grappling hooks, secured the bridge, released the crew
and then launched an hours-long search for a pirate the crew had
2010 Feb 10, In Somalia at
least 11 civilians were killed when African Union forces in
Mogadishu responded to an insurgent mortar attack on their base. At
least four security personnel and a civilian were killed when two
groups of security officers fought over where to collect their
(AFP, 2/10/10)(AP, 2/10/10)
2010 Feb 12, In Somalia at
least eight people, including a six-year-old, were killed as mortars
pounded Mogadishu during an attack on government soldiers by
al-Shabab fighters. Hundreds of residents fled Mogadishu.
2010 Feb 26, Somali pirates
hijacked the Sakoba, a Kenyan-flagged fishing vessel. It was
reported freed on July 20, 2010.
2010 Mar 1, A World Food
Program spokesman militants in Somalia are preventing food from
reaching more than 366,000 people who need it, following a statement
by Islamists that aid agencies were helping "apostates" in the
war-ravaged Horn of Africa nation.
2010 Mar 1, Somali pirates
hijacked a Saudi tanker in the Gulf of Aden. The Al Nisr Al Saudi
usually carried fuel oil but was empty when it was taken with 14
crew onboard. NATO said one of its destroyers sank a pirate
mothership off the Somali coast. Pirate crew members were
transferred to a smaller boat and allowed to return to the mainland.
(AP, 3/3/10)(SFC, 3/2/10, p.A2)(SFC, 3/4/10,
2010 Mar 3, Somali pirates
seized the Sakoba, a Kenyan-flagged fishing vessel.
2010 Mar 4, Somali pirates hit
a Spanish fishing boat off the coast of Kenya with a
rocket-propelled grenade as private security on board returned fire
and fended off the would-be hijackers.
2010 Mar 5, Swarms of Somali
pirates moved into the waters off East Africa, triggering four
shootouts with French and Spanish fishing vessels including a
skirmish with French military personnel that sunk a pirate skiff.
Somali pirates near Madagascar hijacked the Norwegian-owned ship
with 21 crew members. The UBT Ocean chemical tanker was carrying
(AP, 3/5/10)(AP, 3/6/10)
2010 Mar 9, In Somalia fighting
between Islamist insurgents and Somali government forces killed five
people in Mogadishu. 4 masked gunmen also shot dead an Islamist
commander in the capital's Bakara market.
2010 Mar 10, A UN Security
Council report said up to half the food aid in Somalia is being
diverted to corrupt contractors, radical Islamic militants and local
(SFC, 3/11/10, p.A2)
2010 Mar 11, In Somalia heavy
fighting between insurgents and pro-government troops has killed at
least 43 people over two days, as African Union peacekeepers used
tanks to help the beleaguered government beat back an insurgent
2010 Mar 12, Frightened Somalis
stacked household goods on carts pulled by donkeys and fled the
heaviest fighting the capital has seen in almost a year, after
hundreds of heavily armed insurgents moved into an area this week
previously controlled by government soldiers. Over 50 people had
died in fighting over the last 3 days.
(AP, 3/12/10)(SFC, 3/13/10, p.A2)
2010 Mar 13, In Somalia a fight
over land rights between two rival clans in northern Amara village
killed at least 15 people.
2010 Mar 15, Somalia's
transitional government (TFG) and a faction of the country's
moderate Ahlu Sunna Sufi sect signed a deal in Addis Ababa to
jointly fight extremist elements in Somalia.
2010 Mar 19, In Somalia at
least three masked men armed with pistols shot Sheikh Daud Ali
Hasan, a senior commander of the insurgent group al-Shabab, several
times in the head and chest as he was coming out of a mosque in
2010 Mar 23, Somali pirates
hijacked the Malta-flagged MV Frigia, a Turkish ship with 21 crew on
board. A 2nd hijacking, of the refrigerated MV Talca, took place off
the coast of Oman. Private security guards shot and killed a Somali
pirate during an attack on a merchant ship off the coast of East
Africa in what is believed to be the first such killing by armed
contractors. The guards were onboard the MV Almezaan when a pirate
group approached it twice. During the 2nd approach on the
Panamanian-flagged cargo ship, which is United Arab Emirates owned,
there was an exchange of fire between the guards and the pirates.
The Spanish warship Navarra intercepted two skiffs and a larger
vessel believed to be a pirate mothership. Spanish forces arrested
the six remaining pirates, took custody of the pirate's body and
sunk the larger boat. The 6 pirates were soon released after the
captain of the MV Almezaan said he could not identify the men
detained by the Spanish navy as the group of pirates who attacked
him. The Talca was freed on May 11 along with its 25 crew members 3
days after a ransom was paid. The Frigia was freed on July 29, 2010.
(AP, 3/23/10)(AP, 3/24/10)(SFC, 3/24/10,
p.A2)(AP, 3/25/10)(AP, 5/11/10)(AP, 7/29/10)
2010 Mar 27, In Somalia 3
people were killed and four injured in clashes between government
soldiers and armed protesters opposing the demolition of their
houses near Mogadishu's main airport.
2010 Mar 29, In Somalia
hundreds of women and children marched through the rubble-strewn
streets of Mogadishu to protest against al-Qaida-linked militants.
2010 Mar 29, Somali pirates
hijacked a cargo vessel, the Panama-flagged Iceberg I, off the coast
of Yemen. The 24-member crew came from Yemen, India, Ghana, Sudan,
Pakistan and the Philippines. On Dec 23, 2012, Puntland said its
forces had freed the ship and 22 hostages.
(AP, 3/29/10)(SFC, 12/24/12, p.A2)
2010 Mar 30, An Indian naval
spokesman said Somali pirates may be holding several dhows carrying
an estimated 100 Indian sailors they have seized over the past five
2010 Mar 31, Taiwan officials
lost contact with the 79-ton Jih-chun Tsai 68 fishing trawler and
the government feared the boat may have been hijacked by pirates off
the Somali coast. On May 10, 2011, Wu Lai-yu, captain of the
Jih-Chun Tsai 68, was killed by ammunition fired from a US ship. He
was buried at sea from his vessel, which was "unseaworthy after the
exchange of fire and was sunk.
(AP, 4/1/10)(AFP, 7/25/11)
2010 Apr 1, Suspected Somali
pirates fired on a US Navy warship off East Africa in what appeared
to be a ransom-seeking attack on an American guided missile frigate.
The USS Nicholas returned fire on the pirate skiff, sinking it and
confiscating a nearby mothership. The Navy took five pirates into
2010 Apr 3, In Somalia at least
13 people were killed in overnight fighting in Mogadishu. Hizbul
Islam's Moalim Hashi Mohamed Farah ordered radio stations to stop
broadcasting music and said he has invited foreign fighters to the
Horn of Africa nation.
(AP, 4/3/10)(AP, 4/4/10)
2010 Apr 4, Somali pirates in
the Indian Ocean seized the Taipan, a Germany-flagged freighter. The
Dutch navy captured 10 Somalis hours after the seizure. In 2012 the
Somalis were convicted on piracy charges and sentenced to prison
terms of 2-7 years.
(SFC, 10/20/12, p.A2)
2010 Apr 4, The South Korean
Samho Dream oil supertanker was bound for the US with 24 crew
members when it was hijacked off the coast of Somalia by Somali
pirates. On Nov 6 South a Korean news agency said the ship was freed
following a ransom payment of $9.5 million.
(AFP, 4/4/10)(AP, 4/5/10)(AP, 11/6/10)(Econ,
2010 Apr 6, Somali pirates
aboard the Faize Osamani tried to attack the MV Rising Sun. A
hostage onboard the hijacked Indian cargo dhow drowned after the
ship was used to attack another vessel and navies intervened. A
warship from Oman arrived and 9 hostages jumped overboard to try to
swim away from the pirates. One drowned and the other 8 were
rescued. The US destroyer USS McFaul arrived on the scene after the
Omani forces and helped persuade the ten pirates to surrender, which
they did after throwing their weapons overboard.
2010 Apr 6, An African Union
conference on maritime security opened in Ethiopia. Somali Deputy PM
Abdulrahman Adan Ibrahim Ibbi called for outside help to clear toxic
waste dumped illegally on his country's vast coastline, arguing that
the fight against dumping goes hand in hand with the fight against
2010 Apr 7, Somali pirates off
the coast of Kenya hijacked the MV Yasin C, a Turkish vessel with 25
crew onboard, the day after a hostage drowned during a separate
encounter between naval forces and a pirated vessel. The crew locked
themselves in the engine room and realized that the pirates had left
the ship on April 9.
(AP, 4/7/10)(AP, 4/10/10)
2010 Apr 9, In Somalia
witnesses said Islamists were seizing radio transmitters that let
the local population hear news programs from the British
Broadcasting Corporation. Al-Shabab said the BBC broadcasts
2010 Apr 10, A US warship
captured six suspected pirates after a battle off the Horn of
Africa, the Navy's third direct encounter with seafaring bandits in
less than two weeks. On Aug 17 a federal judge in Richmond, Va.,
threw out piracy charges against the 6 Somali men, saying the
government had not shown that the men violated US piracy law. On Nov
29 Jama Idle Ibrahim, a Somali citizen, was sentenced to 30 years in
prison for his role in the attack.
(AP, 4/10/10)(SFC, 8/18/10, p.A4)(SFC, 11/30/10,
2010 Apr 11, Somali pirates
hijacked the St. Vincent and Grenadines-flagged Rak Afrikana cargo
ship west of the island nation of the Seychelles. The ship and 25
crew members were released on March 9, 2011.
(AP, 4/11/10)(AP, 3/10/11)
2010 Apr 13, Somali radio
stations stopped playing music after hardline militants called it
un-Islamic and ordered stations to take songs off the air. Somalis
in Mogadishu could still listen to music on two stations: one that
the government controls and another funded by the UN.
2010 Apr 14, Pres. Obama signed
an executive order freezing the assets of Somali militias. The order
could make it illegal for US ship owners to pay ransoms to Somali
(SFC, 4/15/10, p.A2)
2010 Apr 18, In Somalia at
least 10 people died, including five government soldiers, when a
land mine exploded near a police station in south Mogadishu
2010 Apr 18, Somali pirates
hijacked three Thai fishing vessels, the MV Prantalay 11, 12, and
14, with 77 crew aboard more than 1,200 miles (1,930 km) off the
Somali coast, the farthest-off-shore attack to date.
2010 Apr 18, Turkey's navy
commandos aboard the TCG Gelibolu frigate captured 13 Somali-based
pirates in the Indian Ocean. They destroyed two skiffs and
confiscated other pirate material.
2010 Apr 20, Two Somali radio
stations said the government has ordered them to close for obeying a
week-old order by an Islamic militant group to stop playing music.
Officials at Somaliweyn and Tusmo radio stations said they won't
obey the government order to resume playing music and shut down. The
government order was rescinded minutes after it was issued.
(AP, 4/20/10)(SFC, 4/21/10, p.A2)
2010 Apr 21, In Somalia
residents said 5 headless bodies have been found in a rebel-held
area of Mogadishu. They suspected the Islamist militant group
al-Shabab killed the men because they had helped construct the
parliament building. The men had been missing for the last five
days. Residents said clashes in central Somalia killed 12 people,
2010 Apr 21, Four suspected
Somali pirates carrying AK-47s and a rocket-propelled grenade seized
the Panamanian-flagged, Liberian-owned Voc Daisy, a bulk carrier
with 21 crew on board, the fourth ship pirates have seized in less
than a week.
2010 Apr 27, In Somalia a truck
full of explosives pulled up to a new AU base in Mogadishu. Two
soldiers opened fire on the truck and were wounded along with 2
civilians when the explosion went off. The suicide attacker was the
only one to die in the attack. Later at least 14 civilians were
killed during a prolonged battle between government soldiers and
(AP, 4/27/10)(SFC, 4/28/10, p.A2)
2010 May 1, In Somalia two
bombs exploded inside a small mosque in the Bakara market district
of Mogadishu killing at least 32 people.
(AP, 5/1/10)(AFP, 5/2/10)
2010 May 2, In Somalia dozens
of fighters from one of Somalia's most powerful rebel groups moved
into Haradhere, a northern town where pirates operate, sending the
pirates fleeing in a development that could upend the piracy trade.
(AP, 5/2/10)(SFC, 5/3/10, p.A2)
2010 May 5, Somali pirates
hijacked the China-bound oil tanker MV Moscow University 350 miles
off the coast of Yemen with 23 Russian crew and crude oil worth $52
million on board.
2010 May 6, Russian forces
freed a hijacked Russian oil tanker and rescued its crew in a
helicopter-backed operation that killed a Somali pirate.
Investigators said the 10 captured pirates, who seized the
China-bound MV Moscow University in the Gulf of Aden, will be
brought to Moscow for prosecution.
2010 May 6, A Taiwanese fishing
boat, the Tai Yuan 227, was hijacked by pirates off the Somali coast
who demanded a ransom for the crew.
2010 May 7, Russia’s Defense
Ministry said the pirates seized by a Russian warship off the coast
of Somalia have been released because of "imperfections" in
international law, a claim that sparked skepticism, and even
suspicion the pirates might have been killed.
2010 May 8, Somali pirates off
East Africa, armed with rocket-propelled grenades and automatic
guns, hijacked the Marida Marguerite, a chemical tanker, with 22
crew members on board. The ship was reported released on Dec 28.
(AP, 5/8/10)(AP, 12/28/10)
2010 May 14, In central Somalia
3 gunmen killed a World Food Program contracted driver in what is
believed to be clan-related violence.
2010 May 16, In Somalia
Islamist rebels shelled the newly rebuilt parliament in Mogadishu,
sparking clashes with government forces and African Union
peacekeepers that left 11 civilians dead.
2010 May 17, Somalia’s Pres.
Sheik Sharif Sheik Ahmed dissolved the Cabinet to overcome divisions
that have paralyzed his administration in the face of an al-Qaida
linked Islamist insurgency. The UN-backed government currently only
controls a few city blocks in the capital of Mogadishu and has
failed to deliver either security or services to its people.
2010 May 18, In northern
Somalia security forces in the semiautonomous region of Puntland
arrested 12 pirates, including a prominent gang member whose
assets were frozen by the US Treasury Department last month. Abshir
Abdillahi, who is also known as Abshir Boyah, was captured as he
tried to flee the town of Garowe.
2010 May 18, A Yemeni security
court convicted six Somalis for piracy and sentenced them to death
for seizing an oil tanker. Six other convicted pirates received 10
year prison sentences and the pirates must together pay $2 million
compensation to an Aden refinery company, which owned a tanker that
was seized in April, 2009.
2010 May 19, The Bahrain-based
USS McFaul discovered the Panamanian-flagged M/V Iceberg I with as
many as 50 pirates and more than 20 crew members on board. It says
the location of the hijacked ship was previously unknown. The McFaul
followed the ship for more than a day and a half before the pirates
turned back toward the Somali coast.
2010 May 22, Dozens of nations,
meeting in Istanbul at a UN-sponsored conference for Somalia,
pledged to help Somalia build a strong police and military, achieve
peace and stability and eradicate piracy that has plagued
international maritime trade.
2010 May 23, In Somalia
Islamist militants attacked the presidential compound and other
government positions in Mogadishu. At least 15 people were killed
and 30 others wounded.
2010 May 25, In Germany a
private security firm's plan to deploy more than 100 ex-soldiers to
Somalia to work for a warlord triggered intense media coverage and
was harshly criticized by lawmakers, some of them calling it a
possible violation of UN sanctions against the war-ridden East
African country. Thomas Kaeltegaertner, the head of Asgaard German
Security Group, said the company would be in charge of providing
security and protection for persons, buildings and convoys in
Somalia as well as educating Somali security personnel.
2010 May 31, At least nine
people died and 40 were missing and feared dead after a boat sank
off the coast of northern Mozambique. All of those aboard the ship
2010 Jun 2, The crew of a
Libyan-owned cargo ship pounced on their sleeping Somali captors,
disarmed the pirates and killed five of them, regaining control of
their vessel, the MV Rim, that had been hijacked on Feb 2.
(AP, 6/2/10)(SFC, 6/19/10, p.A3)
2010 Jun 2, Somali pirates
hijacked a cargo ship, the QSM Dubai in the Gulf of Aden. The ship
flying a Panamanian flag, sailed from Brazil and included a crew of
24. The next day an official in the semiautonomous Somali region of
Puntland said security forces in his northern region stormed the QSM
Dubai and freed it after pirates refused pleas to surrender and
instead killed the Pakistani captain of the ship.
(AP, 6/2/10)(AP, 6/3/10)
2010 Jun 3, In Somalia at least
17 civilians were killed during heavy shelling and fierce gunbattles
between government forces and Islamist insurgents in Mogadishu.
2010 Jun 4, A Dutch court
ordered 10 suspected Somali pirates to be extradited to Germany,
where Hamburg prosecutors want to charge them with hijacking a
German container ship.
2010 Jun 17, Human Rights Watch
(HRW) released a report released saying Somalis seeking safety must
first get past abusive Kenyan police trying to take what little they
have left. Kenya's police rejected the report.
2010 Jun 17, A Dutch court
sentenced five Somali pirates, the first to stand trial in Europe,
to five years in prison for attacking a Dutch Antilles-flagged ship
2010 Jun 18, In Somalia
witnesses said five government soldiers, four fighters from an
al-Qaida-linked group and three civilians died during the one-hour
battle in Mogadishu.
2010 Jun 23, British-based risk
consultancy Maplecroft said African nations led by Mauritania,
Somalia and Sudan have the most precarious water supplies in the
2010 Jun 28, Somali pirates
hijacked the Singaporean-flagged Golden Blessing carrying a
poisonous chemical used in antifreeze off the northern tip of
Somalia and took the 19 Chinese sailors onboard hostage. A ransom
was paid and the hostages were freed on Nov 6.
2010 Jul 1, Somali and African
Union troops launched a battle against an Al-Qaida-backed group in
Mogadishu. A total of 17 people were killed including 16 killed and
45 wounded in the Karan neighborhood.
(WSJ, 7/2/10, p.A2, A8)
2010 Jul 11, In Uganda twin
bombings in Kampala hit crowds watching the World Cup final killing
76 people. One of the targets was an Ethiopian restaurant, a nation
despised by Somali al-Shabab militants. On July 30 three were
charged with terrorism and murder. By Aug 17 had officials charged
32 people in connection with the bombings. One suspect, Haruna
Luyima, was supposed to set off a bomb at the dance club but changed
his mind at the last minute. Luyima told a news conference in August
that he did so because he didn't want to kill innocent people.
Police later found his discarded mobile phone, a huge lead that
helped unravel the plot.
(AP, 7/12/10)(AP, 7/30/10)(SFC, 8/18/10,
2010 Jul 19, In Somalia at
least 12 people, including two government soldiers, were killed in
two days of battle between Islamist militants and government forces
backed by African Union peacekeepers. Government forces launched a
counterattack to recapture a government office they lost to
al-Shabab a day earlier.
2010 Jul 20, A Somali human
rights group said at least 53 civilians were killed over the past
week in clashes between government forces and Islamic militants.
(SFC, 7/21/10, p.A2)
2010 Jul 21, In Somalia 2
Ugandan soldiers were killed during clashes in Mogadishu's Bondhere
district. Al-Shabab introduced 3 former members of the presidential
guard, who said they had quit working for the government because it
was protected by AU forces who were killing Somali civilians with
(AP, 7/23/10)(SFC, 7/23/10, p.A4)
2010 Jul 21, It was reported
that security forces from Somalia's semiautonomous northern region
of Puntland were rounding up hundreds of southerners. Officials said
they posed a security threat. Activist Khadija Dahir said about 500
people were deported. She called the move unacceptable and clear
violation against innocent refugees.
2010 Jul 23, The African Union
said its forces battling Al-Qaeda-linked rebels in Mogadishu will be
boosted by a battalion from Guinea and could further swell to reach
2010 Jul 26, In Somalia African
Union forces propping up government troops launched an offensive
against Islamist rebels in Mogadishu, killing at least 11 people,
2010 Jul 26, The island nation
of Seychelles said it has prosecuted and convicted Somali pirates
for the first time. A Seychelles court sentenced 11 Somali pirates
to 10 years in prison each for their attempt to hijack the
Seychelles coast guard patrol boat Topaz last December.
2010 Jul 27, In Somalia clashes
in Mogadishu, pitting Islamist insurgents against government troops
backed by African Union forces, killed at least 17 civilians.
2010 Jul 27, In Uganda African
Union leaders wrapping up a three-day summit in Kampala agreed to
send thousands of extra troops to reinforce its military contingent
battling Al Qaeda-linked insurgents in Somalia.
2010 Aug 2, In southern Somalia
Islamist rebels ordered business people to donate cash and jewelry
for a holy war against African Union peacekeeping troops and the
2010 Aug 2, Somali pirates
hijacked the MV Suez, a Panamanian-flagged cargo ship with 23 crew
onboard, during an early morning raid.
2010 Aug 5, Somali pirates
seized the Syria Star, a freighter with 24 Syrian and Egyptian crew
members in the lawless waters of the Gulf of Aden, in the second
pirate capture this week. Somali pirates left the cargo ship a day
after they hijacked it.
(AFP, 8/6/10)(AP, 8/7/10)
2010 Aug 9, A Somali militant
group with links to al-Qaida announced it had banned three Christian
aid agencies from its territory, and one aid group said militants
had occupied their offices in southern Somalia.
2010 Aug 24, In Somalia a
suicide bomber and gunmen wearing military uniforms attacked a hotel
near the presidential palace in Mogadishu, sparking a one-hour gun
battle with security forces. At least 32 people were killed,
including six Somali parliamentarians. Al-Shabab claimed
(AP, 8/24/10)(AP, 10/6/11)
2010 Aug 25, In Somalia
fighting in Mogadishu flared for a third straight day, killing eight
people and pushing the week's death toll past 80 as insurgents tried
to force government troops back toward the presidential palace.
2010 Aug 30, In Somalia 4
Ugandan peacekeepers were killed in Mogadishu when al Shabaab
Islamist rebels fired mortars at the presidential palace. Clashes
pitting Islamist radicals against government troops backed by
African Union forces killed at least six civilians and wounded 16.
(Reuters, 8/30/10)(AFP, 8/30/10)
2010 Sep 3, An AU official said
African Union peacekeepers have established nine new bases in
Somalia's capital in recent months and will help develop Somali
government forces to defeat al-Qaida-linked Islamist insurgents.
2010 Sep 6, A Kenyan court
convicted and sentenced seven Somali pirates to five years in jail.
A court in the Kenyan port town of Mombasa found the Somalis guilty
of attacking a German naval supply ship in the Gulf of Aden on March
29 last year.
2010 Sep 7, UN officials said
fighting in Mogadishu has killed over 230 people in the past 2 weeks
after al-Shabab threatened a massive war against the government.
(SFC, 9/8/10, p.A2)
2010 Sep 8, Somali pirates
hijacked the Malta flagged cargo ship MV Olib G and its crew of 15
Georgian and 3 Turkish sailors. The ship was just carrying ballast.
2010 Sep 8, Somali pirates
hijacked the German-owned Magellan Star, flagged under Antigua and
Barbuda. The next day US Marine commandos stormed the cargo vessel
off the Somalia coast, and reclaimed control of the ship, taking
nine prisoners without firing a shot.
2010 Sep 9, In Somalia at least
2 African Union troops, 3 civilians and 5 attackers were killed in a
suicide raid on Mogadishu airport. Al-Shabab claimed responsibility
and said the attack was aimed at a high-level meeting of UN, African
Union and Somali officials at the airport.
(AFP, 9/9/10)(AP, 10/6/11)
2010 Sep 16, In Somalia mortar
rounds fired by suspected Islamist insurgents hit the government
complex in Mogadishu killing 3 soldiers triggering a counterattack
that killed a dozen more people.
(SFC, 9/17/10, p.A2)
2010 Sep 21, Somali PM Omar
Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke resigned as fighting rattled across
Mogadishu. His resignation ended a dispute with Pres. Ahmed over a
(SFC, 9/22/10, p.A2)
2010 Sep 23, In Somalia heavy
fighting between Islamist militants and pro-government troops raged
in several parts of Mogadishu, killing at least 22 people and
wounding nearly 78.
(AP, 9/23/10)(SFC, 9/24/10, p.A4)
2010 Sep 25, The MV Lugela, a
cargo ship carrying steel bars and wires, sent a distress call to
its Greek operator when pirates attacked it about 900 nautical miles
east of the Somali pirate den of Eyl.
2010 Sep 27, A boat with 85
African migrants capsized off Yemen drowning at least 13 people. It
was being towed by the US Navy back to Somalia a day after being
(SFC, 9/28/10, p.A2)(http://tinyurl.com/2wxgqmv)
2010 Sep 27, Representatives of
45 nations and international bodies met in Madrid to consider plans
to strengthen an African Union peacekeeping force in war-torn
2010 Sep 28, Somali pirates
hijacked the Asphalt Venture, a cargo ship with 15 Indian crew on
board, off East Africa.
2010 Oct 2, At least seven
Somali civilians were killed in a fire fight between African Union
forces and hardline Islamist rebels.
2010 Oct 3, In Somalia fighting
in Mogadishu left at least eight people dead.
2010 Oct 4, In Somalia two
women, a boy and two men were killed in Mogadishu by stray bullets
from fighting taking place between pro-government forces and
2010 Oct 5, In Somalia fighting
in Mogadishu left seven people dead.
2010 Oct 6, In Somalia sporadic
clashes between Islamic fighters and government soldiers killed four
men in Mogadishu.
2010 Oct 6, Ugandan President
Yoweri Museveni called for financial support to increase his
country's troop levels in the African Union force in Somalia.
2010 Oct 9, Somali pirates
attacked the 241-ton Kenya-registered trawler. 2 South Koreans, 2
Chinese and 39 Kenyans were aboard the trawler when it was attacked
in the waters off Kenya's Lamu Island.
2010 Oct 10, Somali pirates
seized the Panama-flagged Izumi, a Japanese-owned cargo ship with 20
Filipino crew members onboard. The Izumi was released on Feb 25,
(AP, 10/11/10)(AP, 2/28/11)
2010 Oct 11, Somali pirates
kidnapped Said Mohamed Rage, fisheries minister of the regional
Puntland government. A soldier guarding the minister was killed and
a civilian wounded. Pirates ambushed Rage's convoy because they
thought he wanted to expel them from their bases. Rage was freed 2
(AP, 10/12/10)(AP, 10/13/10)
2010 Oct 14, Somalia’s Pres.
Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed named Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed, a Somali
American, as the new prime minister. In western Somalia masked
gunmen abducted a Briton, Frans Barnard, and a Somali working for
aid agency Save the Children from a compound in town of Adado. The
Somali worker was soon released. Barnard was released on Oct 20.
(SFC, 10/15/10, p.A2)(AP, 10/15/10)(AP, 10/20/10)
2010 Oct 18, Somali officials
said an offensive launched a day earlier by government troops has
killed at least 15 people. The weak, UN-backed government was
attempting to win back control of areas held by militants. Al-Shabab
announced that residents in areas under its control can no longer
use mobile money transfer services.
2010 Oct 21, In Somalia a
failed offensive by al-Shabab left at least 20 people dead as the
Islamist group attempted to recapture a district in the southwest
from government forces.
2010 Oct 23, Somali pirates
seized the MV York, a Singapore-registered liquefied gas tanker, 105
miles (165 km) off the coast of Kenya in the Somali Basin.
2010 Oct 24, Somali pirates
seized the Beluga Fortune, a German freight ship, off the coast of
Kenya, the second foreign vessel to be captured in the region in as
many days. Rescue forces the next day freed the ship, but the
hijackers got away.
(AP, 10/24/10)(SFC, 10/26/10, p.A2)
2010 Oct 26, Somali pirates
failed to get control of the French flagged Maido, a liquefied
petroleum gas carrier, because the crew had locked itself in a safe
2010 Oct 26, The UN refugee
agency said some 60,000 civilians in Somalia have fled their homes
over the past week as fresh fighting between Islamist insurgents and
a government-allied militia claimed the lives of at least 10 people.
2010 Oct 26, An annual report
by Transparency Int’l. marked Somalia as the most corrupt county in
the world, followed by Afghanistan, Myanmar and Iraq. Denmark, New
Zealand and Singapore tied as the world’s least corrupt nations. The
US declined to 22nd from 19th last year.
(SFC, 10/27/10, p.A2)
2010 Oct 26, Deborah Calitz and
Bruno Pelizzari of South Africa were captured by Somali pirates from
a yacht, the SY Choizil, off the coast of Tanzania. Skipper Peter
Eldridge (61) escaped. A ransom of $10 million was later demanded.
2010 Oct 27, In Somalia
al-Shabab executed two girls by firing squad for spying for
government soldiers. Ayan Mohamed Jama (18) and Huriyo Ibrahim (15)
were brought before hundreds of residents. Ten masked men opened
fire on the girls, who were blindfolded, soon after the sentencing.
2010 Oct 30, Somali pirates
overnight took control of the MV Polar, a cargo vessel with 24 crew
members aboard. Pirates seized the Liberian-owned ship some 684
miles (1,100 km) east of the Indian Ocean island of Socotra. One of
them, Prudente Cabral, died of a stroke in captivity in November.
Pirates released the vessel on Aug 26, 2011.
(AP, 10/30/10)(AFP, 8/26/11)
2010 Oct 31, Somalia's
parliament approved Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed, a Somali-American as
the country's prime minister. An attack by Islamic militants against
government soldiers in Mogadishu left at least 15 people dead.
(AP, 10/31/10)(AP, 11/1/10)
2010 Nov 3, Somali pirates
seized the Aly Zoulfecar, a Comoros-flagged ship, en route to the
Tanzanian port city of Dar es Salaam with 29 people on board.
Pirates surrendered the Aly Zoulfecar upon arrival in Madagascar on
Feb 27, 2011. 12 pirates were arrested.
(AP, 11/4/10)(AP, 2/28/11)
2010 Nov 6, Pirates near
Somalia fired on French naval forces from a private yacht they had
captured. The yacht ran aground the next day and the South African
skipper escaped captivity, but the pirates took two crew members
hostage onto land.
2010 Nov 8, Three gunmen from
Somalia crossed the Kenyan border and killed a community organizer
working with Somali refugees.
2010 Nov 9, A judge in Kenya's
second-highest court said that the country does not have
jurisdiction to try pirates if attacks have taken place outside
Kenya's waters, a decision that could harm US and international
efforts to have pirates tried in East Africa.
2010 Nov 11, Somali pirates
overran the Panamanian-flagged MV Hannibal II, a chemical tanker,
capturing the vessel and 31 crew members. The hijacking took place
nearly 900 nautical miles east of the Horn of Africa, which is
closer to India than Somalia. In December one crew member was
evacuated for possible appendicitis. The Hannibal II and 30 crew
members were released in March 2011.
(AP, 11/11/10)(AP, 3/17/11)
2010 Nov 15, A California
woman, Nima Ali Yusuf (24), was charged with conspiring to provide
money and people to a Somali terrorist group to help carry out
killings in the African nation, according to a federal indictment
unsealed today. She was the fourth person charged in the past month
in San Diego with helping al-Shabab.
2010 Nov 17, In Somalia
artillery shelling and gunfire between African Union troops and
Islamist insurgents killed at least 21 civilians in Mogadishu.
2010 Nov 21, In central Somalia
at least 13 people were killed in heavy clashes that began a day
earlier between armed groups fighting for control of villages.
2010 Nov 22, Somalia’s
Parliament Speaker Sharif Hassan Sheik Aden indefinitely postponed a
session scheduled to endorse or reject the proposed Cabinet of PM
Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed. Parliamentarians complained that he has
reduced the number of ministers, tapped technocrats from outside
Somalia and reduced some clans' influence.
2010 Nov 23, East African
leaders met in the Ethiopian capital to discuss beefing up the
African Union force in Somalia and tensions in Sudan ahead of
January's referendum on autonomy for the south.
2010 Nov 23, The EU’s
anti-piracy naval force said that have caught 16 suspected Somali
pirates over the past 5 days in the Indian Ocean with the help of
the Seychelles coast guard.
(SFC, 11/24/10, p.A2)
2010 Nov 24, In Somalia Bashir
Ahmed Abdi (51), a Minneapolis-based Somali lawyer, was shot dead in
Mogadishu. Relative Abdirahman Moalin said he was driving Abdi to a
meeting in Mogadishu when a single shot fired from what looked like
a government pickup truck hit Abdi beneath his shoulder, killing him
2010 Nov 24, In Virginia 5
Somali men, accused of attacking the USS Nicholas on April 1, were
convicted on federal piracy charges. On March 14, 2011, the 5 men
were sentenced to life in prison.
(SFC, 11/25/10, p.A19)(SFC, 3/15/11, p.A4)
2010 Nov 26, The Dutch navy
said it has captured 20 suspected pirates off the Somali coast in
two operations in the last week and is holding them on a warship on
suspicion of involvement in hijacking a South African yacht.
2010 Nov 26, US federal agents
in a sting operation arrested Mohamed Osman Mohamud (19), a
Somali-born teenager, just as he tried blowing up a van he believed
was loaded with explosives at a crowded Christmas tree lighting
ceremony in Portland.
2010 Nov 27, Somalia's
parliament passed the proposed Cabinet of new PM Mohamed Abdullahi
2010 Nov 29, In Virginia Jama
Idle Ibrahim, a Somali citizen, was sentenced to 30 years in prison
for his role in an attack on a US Navy ship on April 10.
(SFC, 11/30/10, p.A9)
2010 Dec 1, The UN said it is
seeking $530 million for aid projects in Somalia next year, and it
called the country's 20 years of strife a catastrophe that is "as
urgent as ever."
2010 Dec 2, In Somalia clashes
between Islamic fighters and government soldiers killed at least
five people in Mogadishu. Fighting between two Islamist groups in
the southern town of Burhakaba entered a second day and left 9 dead
and 15 wounded.
2010 Dec 5, Suspected Somali
pirates hijacked the M.V. Jahan Moni, a Bangladeshi ship carrying
nickel ore in the Arabian Sea and appeared to be headed to the
lawless East African nation. The 25 Bangladeshis on the cargo ship
included the wife of one crewman. The Moni was released on March 14,
2011, followed a ransom said to be $4.2 million.
(AP, 12/6/10)(AP, 3/14/11)
2010 Dec 6, In Somalia 18
people were reported killed in weekend fighting. Mogadishu ambulance
service chief Ali Muse said that 66 civilians were also wounded in
the fighting. In central Somalia clashes between rival Majerteen and
the Sa'ad clans killed at least 20 people.
(AP, 12/6/10)(AP, 12/7/10)
2010 Dec 10, Somali pirates
hijacked the MV Panama just east of the Tanzania-Mozambique border,
making it one of the most southerly attacks Somali pirates have
pulled off. All 23 crew members were from Myanmar.
2010 Dec 11, Somali pirates
captured the MV Renuar, a Panama-flagged, Liberian-owned cargo
vessel, about 1,000 miles (1,610 km) east of Somalia.
2010 Dec 13, The Oriental Rose,
Japanese-operated chemical tanker, was strafed by gunfire from an
unidentified vessel off the Somali coast slightly wounding two crew
2010 Dec 19, In Somalia a
merger was announced between al-Shabab and Hizbul Islam. Analysts
and fighters said the weak, UN-backed government could face an
increase in attacks from Islamist insurgents after the two largest
groups dropped their running feud and merged.
2010 Dec 20, Somali pirates
hijacked the MV Orna cargo vessel after firing rocket propelled
grenades and small arms at the ship, a Panama-flagged, bulk cargo
vessel owned by a company in the United Arab Emirates. In June,
2011, pirate a said an undisclosed number of pirates and hostages
were forced to abandon the bulk cargo carrier MV Orna. Abdi said it
is believed the fire was caused by an electrical problem in the
(AP, 12/20/10)(AP, 6/15/11)
2010 Dec 22, The UN Security
Council voted to increase by half the number of African Union
peacekeepers supporting Somalia's transitional government against
2010 Dec 24, Dutch police
arrested 12 Somali men in the key port city of Rotterdam on
suspicion of preparing a terrorist attack. Dutch authorities on Dec
26 cleared five of the 12 Somali men who were detained Christmas Eve
on suspicion of preparing a terrorist attack. By Dec 30 the
remaining Somalis were released but 3 were still considered suspect.
(AP, 12/25/10)(AP, 12/27/10)(AP, 12/30/10)
2010 Dec 25, Somali pirates in
the Arabian Sea hijacked the MV Thor Nexus, a Thai-owned cargo ship
with 27 crew members. Suspected Somali pirates attacked the
Taiwanese ship FV Shiuh Fu No. 1, some 120 nautical miles off the
northeastern tip of Madagascar. All communication was lost and there
were strong indications that it may have been seized with its 26
(AP, 12/25/10)(AP, 12/30/10)
2010 Dec 27, Somali pirates
seized a ship with eight crew onboard. The MV EMS River was seized
approximately 175 miles (280 km) northeast of the port of Salalah,
2010 Dec 29, The spokesman for
the EU's anti-piracy force said Somali pirates over the Christmas
weekend unsuccessfully targeted two ships, going farther south than
ever before to attack vessels.
2010 Dec 31, The FV Vega 5,
hijacked by Somali pirates, was spotted near the Mozambique coast,
approximately 200 nautical miles southwest of the Comoros islands.
It was seen towing what looked to be a pirate attack skiff and did
not respond to any calls.
2010 Mohamud Nur, nicknamed
Tarzan, became mayor of Mogadishu. His term lasted only four years.
(Econ, 11/19/16, p.72)
2010 Somali pirates stages 219
attacks in 2010. Ransoms climbed to $238 million, an average of $5.4
million per ship.
(Econ, 2/5/11, p.16)
2010 Eritrea supplied arms and
supplies to Al Shabab militants in Somalia.
(SSFC, 4/29/12, p.E9)
2011 Jan 1, Somali pirates
hijacked the MV Blida, a Greek-operated, Algerian-flagged bulk
carrier. The crew included 17 Algerians, six Ukrainians including
the captain, two Filipinos, an Indonesian and a Jordanian. On Oct 12
Algeria announced that pirates have released 2 of the ship’s 27
crewmen on humanitarian grounds. The MV Blida was released on Nov 3
after a bag full of money was parachuted down to the pirates from a
(Econ, 2/5/11, p.69)(AFP, 10/12/11)(AP,
2011 Jan 12, A Danish cargo
ship, the M/V Leopard, came under fire from pirates approaching in
two skiffs. Since then, there's been no contact with the crew, four
Filipinos and two Danes. All were released 838 days later. In 2016 a
Danish court ordered the tabloid Ekstra Bladet to pay 300,000 kroner
($46,000) each in damages to two of the seamen for violating the
privacy of Eddy Lopez and Soeren Lyngbjoern by reporting about them
during their captivity.
(AP, 1/14/11)(AP, 5/13/16)
2011 Jan 15, Somali pirates
seized a South Korean freighter with 21 crew members in the Arabian
2011 Jan 17, In Somalia mortars
fired at the Somali parliament missed the building but killed four
civilians in Mogadishu. A village elder said eight people died of
hunger-related illnesses in the southern village of Torotorow and
the surrounding areas.
2011 Jan 18, The South Korean
commandos aboard a speedboat and a Lynx helicopter were dispatched
to rescue a Mongolian ship from Somali pirates. The firefight left
several pirates missing and believed killed.
2011 Jan 20, The EU Naval Force
said that Somali pirates have seized a Vietnamese-owned bulk
carrier, the MV Hoang Son Sun, with 24 crew onboard. All crew
members returned to Vietnam on Sep 23 after shipping firm Hoang Son
Ltd Co. paid more than $2 million in ransom.
(AP, 1/20/11)(AFP, 9/26/11)
2011 Jan 21, The Royal
Malaysian Navy commandos wounded three pirates in a gunbattle and
rescued the 23 crew members on the Malaysian-flagged chemical tanker
MT Bunga Laurel, shortly after the pirates stormed the vessel in the
Gulf of Aden with assault rifles and pistols. On Jan 31 Malaysian
police took custody of the 7 captured Somali pirates.
(AP, 1/22/11)(AP, 1/31/11)
2011 Jan 21, South Korean navy
commandos stormed the Samho Jewelry, a ship hijacked by Somali
pirates in the Indian Ocean, rescuing all the 21 crew and killing
eight pirates. The pirates had seized the 11,500-ton chemical
freighter Samho Jewelry on January 15. Five pirates were captured.
(AFP, 1/21/11)(AP, 1/31/11)(Econ, 2/5/11, p.69)
2011 Jan 21, It was reported
that Erik Prince, head of Xe Services (formerly known as Blackwater
Worldwide) private security company, was currently involved in an
Arab-financed program to mobilize 2000 Somali recruits to fight
(SFC, 1/20/11, p.A2)
2011 Jan 28, A Danish warship
rescued two men who escaped from pirates off the coast of East
Africa. The men were among several crew members who attempted to
shake their captors two days after their ship, the MV Beluga
Nomination, was hijacked.
2011 Jan 31, In Somalia
fighting between government troops and police killed 16 people in
Mogadishu, underscoring the weak UN-backed government's inability to
control its armed forces. The fighting began when police executed a
plainclothes soldier they suspected of being an Islamist insurgent.
2011 Feb 1, Maj. Gen. Buster
Howes, commander of the EU Naval Force, said Somali pirates have
begun systematically torturing hostages and using them as human
2011 Feb 4, The US and the UN
sharply criticized a vote by Somali parliamentarians to extend their
term by 3 years. The 500-member body voted on the extension despite
failing to pass any laws in the past 6 years.
(SFC, 2/5/11, p.A2)
2011 Feb 6, The Indian navy and
coastguard captured 28 suspected Somali pirates after a firefight
with a "mothership" off southwestern India. At least some of 24
other men on board were believed to be hostages rescued as a result
of the firefight on the Thai fishing vessel that had been hijacked
up to six months ago off the coast of Somalia.
2011 Feb 8, Somali pirates
firing guns and rocket propelled grenades hijacked the Savina
Caylyn, an Italian oil tanker, and diverted the medium-sized vessel
towards Somalia. The tanker was reported freed on Dec 21 along with
22 crew members.
(AP, 2/8/11)(AP, 12/21/11)
2011 Feb 9, Pirates seized the
Irene SL, a Greek-flagged supertanker, off the coast of Oman bound
for the US carrying a crew of 25 and a load of more than 1.9 million
barrels of oil.
2011 Feb 11, Malaysian
prosecutors filed charges carrying the death penalty against seven
suspected Somali pirates accused of attacking a Malaysian-operated
ship in the Gulf of Aden, in the first such charges in Asia against
the African sea bandits.
2011 Feb 13, Fifty illegal
Somali migrants and a Tanzanian captain died after a ship sank off
the coast of northern Mozambique. Mozambican marines sent 89 Somali
and Ethiopian survivors to a refugee camp which holds about 3,000
2011 Feb 15, In Norway
Stolt-Nielsen, founder of the Stolt-Nielsen shipping group, wrote
the following in the financial newspaper Dagens Naeringsliv: "When
(piracy) implies a great risk of being caught and hanged, and the
cost of losing ships and weapons becomes too big, it will decrease
and eventually disappear."
2011 Feb 18, Somali pirates
hijacked the yacht Quest with four Americans on board in the Arabian
sea off the coast of Somalia. The Americans were identified as Jean
and Scott Adams, a retired couple from southern California, and
Phyllis Macay and Robert Riggle of Seattle.
(AP, 2/19/11)(SSFC, 2/20/11, p.A5)
2011 Feb 19, In Somalia 4
civilians were killed after clashes broke out between Somali
soldiers backed by African Union forces and Al Qaeda-inspired
insurgents in Mogadishu. The fighting was triggered by its discovery
of a mile-long trench system used by the Al Qaeda-inspired Shebab
insurgents in the capital.
(AP, 2/19/11)(AFP, 2/20/11)
2011 Feb 20, In Somalia at
least 15 civilians, two African Union soldiers and six foreign
fighters were killed in weekend fighting in Mogadishu.
2011 Feb 21, In Somalia a
suicide bomber detonated an explosives laden car at a police station
in Mogadishu killing at least 8 people. Al-Shabab claimed
(SFC, 2/22/11, p.A2)
2011 Feb 21, Four Americans
(Jean and Scott Adams, Phyllis Macay and Robert Riggle) taken
hostage by Somali pirates were shot and killed by their captors,
marking the first time US citizens have been killed in a wave of
pirate attacks plaguing the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean. US
naval forces, who were trailing the Americans' captured yacht with
four warships, quickly boarded the Quest after hearing gunfire. Two
pirates died during the confrontation and 13 were captured and
detained. On March 10 the pirates were indicted in Norfolk, Va., on
various charges including piracy and kidnapping. On August 22 two
Somali men were sentenced to life in prison. 9 others remained
including 3 charged with murder. In 2012 Mohammad Saaili Shibin was
convicted for his role as a hostage negotiator.
(AP, 2/22/11)(SFC, 3/11/11, p.A7)(SFC, 3/11/11,
p.A7)(SFC, 8/23/11, p.A5)(SFC, 4/28/12, p.A4)
2011 Feb 23, Somali government
forces backed by African Union troops launched a fresh offensive
against Al Qaeda-inspired rebels, claiming forays into parts of
Mogadishu long held by the insurgents. Militants paraded the bodies
of five African Union peacekeepers. They also claimed they captured
an AU soldier from Burundi.
(AFP, 2/23/11)(AP, 2/24/11)
2011 Feb 24, In Somalia
Al-Shabab displayed the bodies of eight men they said were the
attackers in Belet Hawo, a Somalia-Kenya border town. In Mogadishu
at least 39 civilians have been killed and more than 120 wounded in
four days of fighting.
2011 Feb 24, Somali pirates
captured a sailboat carrying Danish couple Jan Quist Johansen his
wife Birgit Marie and three children (12-16), along with two adult
crew members, also Danes. All seven were released on September 6.
(AP, 3/1/11)(AP, 9/7/11)
2011 Feb 25, Somalia's
president said that government forces are gaining ground after a
week of fighting against al-Qaida-linked militants who had for years
confined his administration to a few blocks of the capital.
2011 Feb 27, Somali officials
said at least 115 people have been killed in an operation against
Al-Qaida-linked militants that began Feb 23. At least 60 militants
and 6 peacekeepers were among the dead.
(SFC, 2/28/11, p.A2)
2011 Feb 27, Officials in
Madagascar arrested 12 suspected pirates after they surrendered the
Aly Zoulfecar upon arriving in the Indian Ocean island nation. The
ship, controlled by pirates since Nov. 3, carried 20 passengers and
9 crew members and had been badly ravaged by a tropical storm before
arriving in Madagascar.
2011 Feb 28, Somali pirates
northeast of the Omani port of Salalah hijacked the MV Dover, a
Greek-owned cargo vessel with 23 crew on board.
2011 Feb, The UN estimated that
about 700 suspected and convicted pirates were being held in 12
(Econ, 2/5/11, p.70)
2011 Mar 4, Two Nairobi-based
diplomats said at least 43 Burundian and 10 Ugandan troops have been
killed in Somalia since Feb. 18. A major offensive against Islamist
militants began on Feb 19.
2011 Mar 5, In Somalia
militiamen allied with the weak transitional government took control
of Belet Hawo, a town bordering Kenya, from Islamist militants after
several hours of fighting. 5 militiamen were killed along with 42
(AP, 3/5/11)(SSFC, 3/6/11, p.A4)
2011 Mar 5, Pirates attacked
the MV Guanabara, a Japanese-owned oil tanker, and 24 crew members
took refuge in a protected part of the vessel after reporting they
were under attack. A special unit from the destroyer USS Bulkeley
boarded the tanker the next day and detained the suspected pirates
off the coast of Oman.
2011 Mar 7, Somali President
Sheik Sharif Sheik Ahmed claimed victory over the insurgents, and he
called for the "final elimination" of al-Shabab, though it was far
from clear that the militants have been defeated.
2011 Mar 9, Somali pirates
released the MV Rak Afrikana cargo ship with 25 crew onboard. The
sailors were forced to abandon the ship shortly after they were
freed because the it had a hole in the hull and was taking on water.
The Rak Afrikana was seized by pirates in April 2010.
2011 Mar 10, Forces from
Somalia’s northern region of Puntland failed in a rescue attempt of
a Danish family and 2 crew members. 5 soldiers were killed.
(SFC, 3/12/11, p.A2)
2011 Mar 13, The Indian navy
captured 61 pirates who jumped into the Arabian Sea to flee a
gunfight and fire on the hijacked ship from which they had staged
several attacks. Two Indian navy ships also rescued 13 crew members
from the Mozambique-flagged Vega 5, a fishing boat seized in
2011 Mar 14, Burundi said it
has deployed an additional 1,000 soldiers for the African Union
force protecting the Somali government.
2011 Mar 15, In Somalia 13
people died in mortar attacks in Mogadishu.
(SFC, 3/16/11, p.A2)
2011 Mar 16, Somali pirates
captured the Indonesian-flagged MV Sinar Kudus in the Arabian Sea,
then used it to attack a Liberian-flagged cargo ship nearby. On May
1 pirates released the bulk carrier Sinar Kudus and its 20 sailors
after a ransom was paid.
(AP, 3/17/11)(AFP, 5/1/11)
2011 Mar 22, Somalia said that
pro-government troops have made "remarkable" gains during an
offensive in Mogadishu over the last 2 days, where the latest
fighting killed at least 7 people.
2011 Mar 27, The Somali
government voted to extend its term for another year, despite int’l.
calls for it to leave office when its mandate expires in August.
(SFC, 3/28/11, p.A2)
2011 Mar 27, India's navy and
coast guard captured 16 Somali pirates after a three-hour-long
battle in the Arabian Sea. The pirates were trying to seize a
merchant ship, MV Maersk Kensington, using a hijacked trawler. 16
crew members who had been taken hostage by the pirates were rescued
from the hijacked Iranian trawler off India's western Lakshadweep
2011 Apr 1, The Emirates-owned
MV Arrilah-1 came under attack in the Arabian Sea off the coast of
Oman while sailing from Australia to Dubai. Emirati special forces,
with support from the US Navy's 5th Fleet, launched a mission to
rescue the vessel while 21 crew members kept safe by locking
themselves in a secure room during the hijacking. 10 pirates were
captured and handed over to Abu Dhabi.
(AFP, 4/2/11)(AP, 4/6/11)
2011 Apr 2, A Danish assault
team backed by helicopters freed 16 Pakistanis and 2 Iranians held
by suspected Somali pirates.
(SFC, 4/12/11, p.A2)
2011 Apr 3, In Somalia
pro-government forces reportedly captured Dobley town near Kenya
from al-Qaida-linked militants after hours of fighting.
2011 Apr 3, Dutch marines
killed 2 pirates and captured 16 others during an operation to free
a hijacked Iranian fishing boat of Somalia.
2011 Apr 14, Somalia's
government rejected the outcome of a UN-backed meeting on the Horn
of Africa nation that called for the ouster of the current
leadership to prepare the country for new elections.
2011 Apr 15, Somali pirates
took a multi-million ransom and released the Asphalt Venture,
hijacked last Sep 28, and some crew members. 7 Indian crew members
were kept hostage in retaliation for the holding of over 100 Somali
pirates by the Indian Navy.
(AP, 4/16/11)(SFC, 4/16/11, p.A2)
2011 Apr 19, Somali citizen
Ahmed Abdulkadir Warsame was captured by the US military. He was
interrogated aboard a US warship for two months before facing
terrorism charges in NYC.
(SFC, 7/6/11, p.A6)
2011 Apr 21, Somali pirates
captured an Italian cargo ship headed for Iran with 21 crew members
on board, including 6 Italians and 15 Filipinos, in the Arabian Sea
near Oman. The Rosalia D'Amato was released on Nov 25 after a ransom
was dropped onto the ship.
(AFP, 7/24/11)(AFP, 11/26/11)
2011 May 1, Singapore shipper
Glory Ship Management Pte. Ltd. said Somali pirates have likely
hijacked the palm oil tanker MT Gemini and its 25-member crew off
the coast of Kenya.
2011 May 5, China’s Xinhua News
Agency said in a brief report that a Panama-registered cargo ship
with 24 Chinese sailors was hijacked by seven pirates in the Arabian
2011 May 12, In Somalia AU
forces killed several militants in a battle in Mogadishu. Three AU
soldiers were also wounded. AU mission spokesman Paddy Ankunda said
al-Shabab militants, who are trying to overthrow the government,
lost ground in the battle. The body of a fighter who appeared to be
a member of the AU's peacekeeping mission was pulled through the
streets by a rope.
(AP, 5/12/11)(AP, 5/13/11)
2011 May 16, In Somalia a bomb
explosion in Mogadishu killed five pro-government troops at a base
militants fled last week. An AU spokesman said his forces began an
operation May 12 that has gained 500 yards (meters) of territory
2011 May 18, In Somalia shells
fired in battles between insurgent militant Islamists and African
Union forces at a Mogadishu market left at least 14 civilian dead.
2011 May 22, Somali government
troops backed by African Union forces advanced towards Mogadishu's
main market, a stronghold of the Islamist Shebab rebels, amid a
heavy firefight that claimed two lives.
2011 May 30, In Somalia a
suicide bomber in Mogadishu was shot at by AU forces and immediately
2011 Jun 2, In Somalia clashes
pitting government forces and their African Union allies against
Islamist rebels for control of Mogadishu's main market left at least
17 civilians dead.
2011 Jun 7, In Somalia Fazul
Abdullah Mohammed (37), one of the most wanted Al-Qaeda terrorists,
was killed by security forces at a government-run checkpoint in
Mogadishu. He died when the security forces discovered that he and
another man with whom he was traveling were armed. Mohammed was
believed to be the mastermind behind the 1998 bombings of embassies
in Kenya and Tanzania, in which 224 people died.
(AP, 6/11/11)(Econ, 6/18/11, p.55)
2011 Jun 10, In Somalia
Interior Minister Abdishakur Sheikh Hassan and a suicide bomber,
said to be his niece, were killed in an explosion in his home.
(SFC, 6/11/11, p.A3)
2011 Jun 18, A Somali court
sentenced 3 British nationals, an American and 2 Kenyans to at least
10 years in prison each for bringing millions of dollars intended
for pirate ransom into the country. Discussions were underway to
overturn the sentences.
(SSFC, 6/19/11, p.A4)
2011 Jun 19, Somalia's PM
Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed said that he would resign, reversing a
pledge he made last week that he would not step down after Somalis
took to the streets in support of the Somali-American politician.
President Sheik Sharif Sheik Ahmed named Abdiwali Mohamed Ali as a
caretaker of the prime minister's position until a new prime
minister is appointed.
2011 Jun 23, Somalia’s Pres.
named Abdiweli Mohamed Ali, a Somali American economist, as the
country’s new prime minister. He was elevated from his position as
minister of planning and int’l. cooperation.
(SFC, 6/24/11, p.A2)
2011 Jun 23, In southern
Somalia an airstrike from military aircraft hit a convoy carrying
al-Qaida-linked militants. Foreign fighters were among those killed
in the attack carried out by a "partner country." A US drone fired
on two senior commanders of Somalia's Shebab Islamist insurgency
after they were found to have ties to Al-Qaeda. US military forces
landed to retrieve the bodies of dead or wounded militants following
the drone strike.
(AP, 6/24/11)(AFP, 6/29/11)(AP, 7/1/11)
2011 Jun 26, Somalia said it
has freed six foreigners sentenced to at least 10 years in prison
each for bringing millions of dollars intended for pirate ransom
into the country.
2011 Jun 28, Somali lawmakers
overwhelmingly approved the appointment of a new, Harvard-educated
prime minister. Abdiweli Mohamed Ali said that he would focus on
combating the country's al-Qaida-linked militants who are trying to
topple his fragile government.
2011 Jun 28, In Kenya the aid
group Save the Children said more than 800 Somali children arrive
each day at overcrowded refugee camps in the northeast to escape a
devastating drought in their war-ravaged country. They were among
nearly 1,300 people who arrive each day at the Dadaab refugee camps.
2011 Jun 30, In Kenya two
people were killed and dozens injured after a riot broke out in part
of the Dadaab camp, Africa's biggest refugee camp, where thousands
of Somali refugees have been arriving weekly in search of food and
shelter. The population at Dadaab camp surpassed 370,000 last week
and showed no sign of stabilizing.
2011 Jun, UN Statistics
Division said 70 territories would be holding censuses in 2011. Only
Iraq, Lebanon, Myanmar, Somalia, Uzbekistan and Western Sahara would
fail to hold a count in this ten-year round.
(Econ, 6/4/11, p.71)
2011 Jul 5, The UN High
Commission for Refugees said persistent violence compounded by a
serious drought have forced 54,000 Somalis to flee in June, bringing
the total number of displaced Somalis to a quarter of the country's
2011 Jul 6, Somalia’s Shebab
rebels appealed for help for thousands of people devastated by a
severe drought that has hit the Horn of Africa region, saying they
would allow aid through to their fiefdoms.
2011 Jul 10, The head of the UN
refugee agency said that drought-ridden Somalia is the "worst
humanitarian disaster" in the world. The World Food Program
estimated that 10 million people already need humanitarian aid. More
than 380,000 refugees had moved into Kenya’s Dabaab refugee camp.
2011 Jul 13, The United Nations
made its first aid delivery to a rebel-held Somalia region after the
insurgents lifted a ban on the operations of foreign aid agencies.
The worst drought in 60 years affected over 10 million people in
northern Kenya, south-eastern Ethiopia, southern Somalia and
(AFP, 7/17/11)(Econ, 7/9/11, p.44)
2011 Jul 15, Somali pirates
holding South Korean hostages demanded that the South Korean
government release pirate prisoners and pay compensation for a
commando raid that killed several pirates earlier this year.
2011 Jul 15, UNICEF said at
least 17,584 measles cases, including 114 deaths, have been reported
by Ethiopian health officials in the first half of the year. The WHO
said says at least 462 cases of measles, including 11 deaths, have
been confirmed in recent months among Somali refugee children in the
Kenyan refugee complex known as Dadaab.
2011 Jul 20, The United Nations
said it faces a $4.3 billion shortfall in helping the 50 million
people worldwide in need of emergency food, shelter and other
humanitarian aid. The UN declared famine in 2 regions of southern
(AP, 7/20/11)(SFC, 7/21/11, p.A2)
2011 Jul 21, In Somalia Shebab
spokesman Sheik Ali Mohamud Rage said Shebab won't allow banned aid
workers into the areas it controls. He called the UN's declaration
of famine in parts of Somalia politically motivated and pure
propaganda. Shebab rebels in Balad abducted and detained Asha Osman
Aqiil, a newly appointed woman minister, while she was on her way to
take up office in Mogadishu.
(AFP, 7/21/11)(AP, 7/22/11)
2011 Jul 26, The UN refugees
agency said some 40,000 famine-hit people have fled to the Somali
capital Mogadishu over the past month in search of food and water.
An estimated 3.7 million people in Somalia, around a third of the
population, are on the brink of starvation and millions more in
Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda have been affected by the worst
drought in the region in 60 years.
2011 Jul 28, In Somalia heavy
fighting erupted in Mogadishu as African Union peacekeepers launched
an offensive aimed at protecting famine relief efforts from attacks
by al-Qaida-linked militants. At least six people were killed. The
WFP said that it has a funding shortfall of $252 million for the
famine relief efforts in the Horn of Africa.
2011 Jul 29, In Somalia 3
African Union troops were killed and dragged through the streets in
Mogadishu as fighting erupted between pro-government forces and
2011 Jul 31, In Somalia tens of
thousands of famine-stricken refugees were cold and drenched after
torrential rains pounded their makeshift structures overnight,
leading to appeals for aid. The World Food Program said it cannot
reach 2.2 million Somalis who live in al-Shabab controlled territory
in south-central Somalia. Armed men in Mogadishu shot and killed
Somali lawmaker Kalif Jire Warfa.
(AP, 7/31/11)(AFP, 8/1/11)
2011 Aug 1, In Somalia 2
African Union soldiers and two would-be suicide bombers, dressed as
government soldiers, were killed during a shootout in Mogadishu.
2011 Aug 3, The drought and
famine in Somalia have killed more than 29,000 children under the
age of 5, according to US estimates, the first time such a precise
death toll has been released related to the Horn of Africa crisis.
2011 Aug 5, Somali government
troops opened fire on hungry civilians, killing at least seven
people, as both groups made a grab for food at a UN distribution
site in Mogadishu.
2011 Aug 6, Somali Islamist
fighters withdrew overnight from almost all their bases in the
famine-struck capital of Mogadishu, the most significant gain for
the embattled UN-backed government in four years. Al-Shabab still
held most of southern Somalia, where tens of thousands are estimated
to have starved.
2011 Aug 8, Residents of
Somalia's war-torn capital fled fighting after remnants of extremist
Shebab rebel forces, who pulled out of Mogadishu at the weekend,
battled with government troops overnight.
2011 Aug 9, The World Food
Program said it is sending 800 metric tons of high energy biscuits
to East Africa to help fight the famine in Somalia. The UN food
agency said that the series of nine airlifts will be enough to feed
1.6 million people for a day.
2011 Aug 10, Tanzania pledged
300 tons of maize for Somalia's drought-hit people during a visit by
Somali President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed.
2011 Aug 12, A Dutch court sent
two Somalis to jail for up to seven years for hijacking a South
African yacht last year and seizing a South African couple who are
still missing. Three others also were convicted of piracy. The five
men were caught by the Dutch navy in the Gulf of Aden in November,
heavily armed with machine guns and bazookas.
2011 Aug 15, The UN's World
Food Program for the first time acknowledged it has been
investigating food theft in Somalia for two months. Vast piles of
food sacks with stamps on them from the World Food Program, the US
government aid arm USAID and the Japanese government were found for
sale in Mogadishu markets.
2011 Aug 17, The United Nations
appealed for $1.2 billion for famine victims in Somalia and its Horn
of Africa neighbors and Muslim nations pledged to contribute $350
2011 Aug 19, The UN said tens
of thousands of people have already died in Djibouti, Ethiopia,
Kenya and Somalia. It warned that the famine has not peaked and that
12 million people in the area need food aid.
2011 Aug 23, Thousands of
Somalis attended a rally to celebrate the withdrawal of Islamist
rebels from bases in Mogadishu, Al-Shabab militants executed two men
and a 16-year-old boy by firing squad after accusing them of spying
in a de facto court.
(AP, 8/23/11)(AP, 8/26/11)
2011 Aug 26, It was reported
that Somali Islamist rebels have beheaded at least 11 civilians in
the capital in the past two weeks.
2011 Sep 2, Puntland soldiers
raided neighborhoods searching for gunmen linked to Al
Qaeda-inspired Shebab militants. At least 21 people were killed and
31 others wounded in two days of heavy fighting on the border of
Somalia proper and the breakaway state of Puntland.
2011 Sep 2, In Somalia
Malaysian cameraman Noramfaizul Mohd Nor was killed in Mogadishu by
4 Burundi peacekeepers. The 4 were later discharged from the force
and faced trial in Burundi.
2011 Sep 4, Somali leaders
began gathering for a 3-day national reconciliation conference under
UN auspices amid high security in war-shattered Mogadishu.
2011 Sep 5, The UN said famine
has spread into Somalia’s southern Bay region, where nearly 60% of
people are acutely malnourished, four times the rate at which an
emergency is declared. Hundreds were reported dying every day, with
at least half of them children.
2011 Sep 7, In Somalia the
al-Shabab Islamist militia said they have captured two Kenyan
soldiers near the country's shared border.
2011 Sep 14, Somalia's PM
Abdiweli Mohamed Ali pleaded with the UN Security Council to send
more peacekeepers to help his beleaguered government fight Islamist
2011 Sep 15, Somalia officials
and residents said Kenyan helicopter gunships fired missiles around
Elwak region near the Kenyan border. Explosions were also heard
around the Islamist controlled Kismayo region in the south of the
2011 Sep 20, Gunmen shot and
killed a Somali lawmaker in the northern breakaway state of
Puntland, where fighting between political and clan groups is on the
2011 Sep 20, Matt Bryden, head
of the UN arms monitoring group, said that corrupt Somali
politicians could face travel bans and have their foreign bank
accounts and property frozen under tough new UN sanctions.
2011 Sep 21, Twenty aid
agencies warned that drought and famine-blighted Somalia is at a
"turning point" as conditions decline with hundreds of thousands
more people likely to die in coming months.
2011 Sep 24, In Somalia at
least one person was killed by a powerful explosion at the offices
of the UN Mine Action Service in Mogadishu.
2011 Sep 30, In Somalia heavy
fighting broke out close to the border with Kenya. Extremist Shehab
fighters launched a dawn attack on the town of Dhobley, but were
2011 Oct 1, In Kenya 10 gunmen
snatched Marie Dedieu (66), a disabled Frenchwoman, from her home
near a luxury resort on Manda island and then fled towards Somalia.
Kenyan coastguards attempted to intercept them at sea. Several of
the abductors were injured but they managed to enter Somalia.
(AP, 10/1/11)(AFP, 10/2/11)
2011 Oct 3, A US court
sentenced two more Somali pirates to life in prison over the
hijacking of a yacht off the coast of Africa in February that left
four Americans on board dead. Muhidin Salad Omar (30) and Mahdi Jama
Mohamed, (23-24), became the third and fourth Somali pirates to be
sentenced to life in prison after pleading guilty over the fatal
hijacking in May. Seven more have pleaded guilty to charges of
piracy and awaited mandatory life sentences. Three others faced the
2011 Oct 4, In Somalia a truck
bomb exploded in front of the education ministry in Mogadishu as
students and parents crowded around to learn about scholarships,
killing 82 people and wounding dozens. Bashar Abdullahi Nur,
identified as the al-Shabab suicide bomber, gave an interview before
the attack that was later aired on a militant-run radio station.
(AP, 10/4/11)(AP, 10/5/11)(AP, 10/6/11)(AFP,
2011 Oct 10, In Somalia heavy
fighting broke out in Mogadishu after pro-government forces attacked
militant positions. At least 8 civilians and one AU soldier were
killed in the fighting. This followed what the African Union force
said were the deaths a day earlier of at least 12 Somali civilians
because of militants' mortars.
2011 Oct 10, Pirates of Somalia
attacked the Italian cargo ship Montecristo carrying a crew of 23.
US and British Navy ships freed the ship and 11 pirates were
2011 Oct 13, Somali Islamist
Shebab rebels kidnapped two female Spanish aid workers from Kenya's
Dadaab refugee camp, the third kidnapping of foreigners in just over
2011 Oct 14, Somali lawmaker
Mohamed Ananug lost his legs in a bomb blast whilst driving a car in
2011 Oct 15, Somali government
troops and allied militia wrested control of an Islamist Shebab
stronghold in the south of the country after reported bombing by
2011 Oct 16, Kenyan military
forces moved into southern Somalia, a day after top Kenyan defense
officials said the country has the right to defend itself after a
rash of militant kidnappings of Europeans inside Kenya.
2011 Oct 17, Somalia's
al-Shabab militant group threatened Kenya with suicide attacks,
saying Nairobi's skyscrapers would be destroyed and its tourism
industry ruined in an ominous warning one day after Kenyan troops
poured into Somalia.
2011 Oct 18, In Somalia a
suicide car bomb exploded near the Foreign Ministry, killing at
least four people even as Somali and Kenyan leaders met and agreed
to cooperate on military action against Islamist insurgents. Kenyan
operations were limited to the Lower Juba region.
(AP, 10/18/11)(AP, 10/19/11)
2011 Oct 19, Kenyan jets struck
in Somalia in a bid to rid the border area of Islamist rebels blamed
for a spate of abductions, including that of a French woman who died
in captivity. The foreign ministry in Paris announced the death of
Marie Dedieu (66), a wheelchair-bound woman who was snatched from
her beach house in the Kenyan resort of Lamu earlier this month and
taken to Somalia by her kidnappers. The first attack reportedly saw
the death of 73 Shebab. Kenyan deaths included five killed in a
2011 Oct 20, In Somalia
pro-government forces supported by foreign troops chased al-Shabab
out of Mogadishu’s northernmost neighborhood, Deynile, in a dawn
offensive. Al-Qaida-linked militants claimed to have killed 70
foreign African Union peacekeepers but an eyewitness said many of
the bodies put on display were likely Somali government soldiers. An
AU spokesman the next day said that the insurgents had stolen
uniforms and dressed up scores of their own dead. The AU said 10
soldiers were killed, including 6 from Burundi, with two missing
after intense fighting with insurgents. A week later it was reported
that 51 Burundian soldiers were killed in the clash.
(AP, 10/20/11)(AP, 10/21/11)(AFP, 10/22/11)(AP,
2011 Oct 20, France said that
the Somali kidnappers of Marie Dedieu (66), a disabled Frenchwoman
who died after being snatched from her home in Kenya, are demanding
a ransom for the return of her body.
2011 Oct 20, Kenya said it
intends to push its troops to Somalia's insurgent stronghold of
Kismayo and will stay until there are no Islamist insurgents left.
2011 Oct 23, Kenya warplanes
targeted the Shebab-held Somali port city of Kismayo as troops
advanced on the insurgents. The US warned of an imminent threat of
attack on foreigners in Kenya.
2011 Oct 24, A French military
spokesman said France would soon help supply Kenyan troops fighting
al-Qaida-linked militants. A grenade attack wounded a dozen people
at a downscale Nairobi pub early in the day.
2011 Oct 24, US Secretary of
State Hillary Clinton pledged another $100 million in food aid to
drought-hit East Africa amid warnings that millions of people face
starvation for drought-affected areas in Ethiopia, Kenya and
2011 Oct 25, In northern
Somalia gunmen kidnapped a female American aid worker (32) and a
Danish man (60), working for the Danish Demining Group. Their Somali
colleague was placed under police custody.
(AP, 10/25/11)(AP, 10/26/11)
2011 Oct 27, Kenyan troops
clashed heavily with Shebab fighters in southern Somalia, the latest
battle since an unprecedented military incursion 12 days ago, while
four people were killed in a rocket attack in northern Kenya.
2011 Oct 29, In Somalia at
least 10 people died during an insurgent attack on an African Union
base in Mogadishu. Kenya said its troops will stay in southern
Somalia until Kenyans feel safe again, raising questions about
whether Kenya risks becoming bogged down in an open-ended occupation
of its war-ravaged neighbor. The Shebab claimed to have killed 80
Ugandan soldiers in the battle. A Shebab spokesman said American
citizen of Somali origin was said to have been one of the two
suicide bombers behind the twin attack.
(AP, 10/29/11)(AP, 10/30/11)
2011 Oct 30, A Kenyan raid on a
southern Somali town killed at least five civilians, including three
children. Kenya insists it hit a Shebab target but witnesses and aid
sources said one bomb ploughed into a camp of displaced civilians.
The air raid struck a camp hosting 9,000 internally-displaced
Somalis in Jilib.
2011 Oct 31, Somali pirates
captured a Greek chemical tanker and were commandeering it to a
hideout in the north of the war-torn country. The MT Liquid Velvet
had 21 Filipinos and one Greek sailor on board.
2011 Oct 31, Kenya and Somalia
called for other nations to help in their fight against Islamist
(SFC, 11/1/11, p.A3)
2011 Nov 1, Somali government
spokesman Abdirahman Omar Osman said the district commissioner of
Mogadishu's Hamar Jajab neighborhood has been fired over missing
aid. The district commissioner in Karan was suspended following
looting incidents and assaults on women collecting food.
2011 Nov 1, Kenya's military
said it had reliable information that two aircraft landed in the
Somali town of Baidoa with weapons on board intended for al-Shabab
2011 Nov 2, Kenyan military
spokesman Maj. Emmanuel Chirchir said that military planes would
target and attack weapons flown into the Somali town of Baidoa so
they cannot be used. A July UN report said illicit flights with
weapons or fighters for Somali militants could be originating from
Eritrea, Yemen or the United Arab Emirates. The report also said
Eritrea gives about $80,000 a month to al-Shabab-linked individuals
2011 Nov 3, Somali pirates
freed the MV Blida an Algerian-owned ship with 25 crew members
onboard after 10 months of captivity. The Blida was seized on Jan 1.
2011 Nov 6, Fishermen on a
Taiwanese boat fought back against Somali pirates and freed
themselves after a hijacking in the Indian Ocean. 5 Vietnamese war
vets on the Chin Yi Wen overcame the hijackers and then the boat met
up with British anti-piracy vessels nearby. The war fighters had
been recruited by Taiwan to be part of a 28-man crew on the 290-ton
vessel, along with 9 Chinese, 8 Filipinos and 6 Indonesians. The
crew forced the six armed Somali pirates to jump overboard, and
successfully took back control of the ship.
(AP, 11/6/11)(AFP, 11/7/11)
2011 Nov 9, In Somalia several
armed and masked men shot to death a Somali deputy in front of his
house in the capital Mogadishu.
2011 Nov 11, Kenyan military
and Somali government forces killed 4 al-Shabab members.
2011 Nov 12, In Somalia 3
refugees queuing for food were killed in crossfire when corrupt
Somali government security forces tried to loot aid supplies in
2011 Nov 12, A Kenyan official
said more than 30 Kenya-based members of Somalia's top militant
group have accepted a police amnesty and are providing information
to help Kenyan police secure the country against threatened suicide
attacks by the group. Kenyan and Somali government troops killed
nine members of an al-Qaida-linked militant group they were pursuing
(AP, 11/12/11)(AP, 11/13/11)
2011 Nov 13, In Somalia
explosions in Afgoye, a heavily populated corridor along a main road
leading out of the Somali capital, came during a meeting of Islamist
insurgent leaders as the al-Qaida-linked al-Shabab militia fought to
defend itself on two fronts. None of the militant leaders were
believed to have been killed and no one claimed responsibility for
2011 Nov 14, A Kenya government
statement said PM Raila Odinga asked Israeli President Shimon Peres
for assistance in building the capacity of the Kenyan police to deal
with attacks by al-Shabab militants.
2011 Nov 16, The presidents of
Kenya, Uganda and Somalia said the dual-fronted fight against
Islamist al-Shabab militants presents a "historic opportunity" to
restore stability in Somalia.
2011 Nov 17, Somalia's Islamist
rebels attacked government and African Union troops positions in
Mogadishu, killing four civilians and wounding 12 others.
2011 Nov 17, The UN refugee
agency said Yemen has seen a surge of refugees from Somalia and
Ethiopia, with a record 12,545 arriving by sea last month as they
fled unrest, famine and persecution.
2011 Nov 18, The UN downgraded
famine declarations in three Somali regions, but warned the crisis
remains the worst in the world with nearly 250,000 people facing
2011 Nov 19, Several hundred
Ethiopian troops crossed into southern and central Somalia, local
elders said, but Addis Ababa dismissed the reports as "absolutely
2011 Nov 20, A convoy of
Ethiopian troops entered the central Somali town of Guriel in a
possible attempt to open a third front against Al-Qaida-linked
(SFC, 11/21/11, p.A2)
2011 Nov 22, Somali civilians
bore the brunt of violence in the war-torn nation, with a roadside
bomb killing 10 in the capital and fighter jet strikes in the south
claiming three lives.
2011 Nov 24, Kenya said its
warplanes destroyed two Islamist insurgent bases in neighboring
Somalia. Two grenade attacks in the eastern town of Garissa close to
the border with Somalia killed three people and injured 27.
2011 Nov 24, The UN warned that
Ethiopia's reported deployment of troops into Somalia could worsen
what is already the world's most severe humanitarian
2011 Nov 25, Three Somali
soldiers and a civilian were killed when a roadside bomb the
officers picked up to detonate elsewhere exploded inside their
vehicle in Mogadishu.
2011 Nov 25, Ethiopia said it
may contribute troops to the African Union force in Somalia fighting
2011 Nov 28, Somalia's Islamist
Shebab rebels ordered 16 international aid agencies shut in areas
they control after armed raids on several offices, and warned more
would follow if they did not toe the line.
2011 Nov 29, The World Health
Organization (WHO) said its offices in southern Somalia were looted
during rebel raids while children's relief agency UNICEF said its
base in the area remained occupied. By Feb, 2012, al-Shabaab
militants seized 480,000 pounds ($744,400) of UK-funded humanitarian
aid supplies. They raided warehouses and offices of organizations
partnered with the UK's Department for International Development,
which spent 102.9 million pounds in Somalia that year.
(AFP, 11/29/11)(AP, 8/11/13)
2011 Nov 30, In Somalia a
suicide bomber dressed in a military uniform triggered his
explosives at army headquarters in Mogadishu, killing four soldiers.
2011 Nov 30, A French court
jailed five Somali men for between four and eight years and
acquitted a sixth in the Sep 2, 2008, hostage taking of a French
couple on their yacht in the Gulf of Aden.
2011 Dec 1, Britain’s navy
arrested 7 suspected pirates after a helicopter chase off the coast
of Somalia. A Spanish fishing vessel had come under attack by a
group of pirate vessels.
(SFC, 12/2/11, p.A2)
2011 Dec 3, The Kenyan army
said it had lost four troops killed in action against Somalia's
Shebab Islamist rebels while 10 had been hospitalized with wounds
since it launched its incursion in mid-October.
2011 Dec 5, Kenya military jets
bombed two al-Shabab camps in Somalia, killing an unknown number of
militants. 5 al-Shabab fighters on a boat attacked a Kenyan naval
vessel. The navy sunk the attacking boat. A roadside bomb exploded
in Kenya’s largest refugee camp near the border with Somalia,
killing one police officer and wounding three.
(AP, 12/5/11)(AP, 12/6/11)
2011 Dec 6, Somali police
appeared to make a deadly error by returning a suspected suicide car
bomber they had arrested to his bomb-laden vehicle, where the
suspect then detonated a blast that killed four people.
2011 Dec 6, Kenya’s military
reported a large battle over the weekend (Dec 3-4) in which it said
11 Somali government soldiers and more than 40 al-Shabab fighters
2011 Dec 9, UN chief Ban
Ki-moon urged Somalia's Al Qaeda-linked insurgents to end violence
during a surprise visit to war-torn Mogadishu.
2011 Dec 14, In Somalia a rowdy
parliament session degenerated into fistfights and kicks after
disagreements over the sacking of speaker Sharif Hassan Sheikh Adan.
Supporters of Sheikh Adan argued that his impeachment a day earlier
did not follow procedure.
2011 Dec 18, Somali journalist
Abdisalan Sheik Hassan was shot dead in Mogadishu by a man in a
Somali government uniform.
2011 Dec 20, In Somalia 200
troops from Djibouti arrived in Mogadishu to join the African Union
force that helps protect the government and fight Islamist
2011 Dec 20, Kenyan military
jets targeted several locations in Hosingow in the Lower Juba region
of Somalia, close to the Kenyan border. 11 people, most of them
civilians, were reported killed in the raid.
2011 Dec 23, In central Somalia
a resident of a refugee camp at Mataban shot and killed three aid
workers, including two workers with the UN's World Food Program.
2011 Dec 27, Somali pirates
hijacked the Enrica Ievoli, an Italian ship carrying 15,000 tons of
caustic soda from Iran to Turkey. A ransom was paid on April 22,
2012, and the 18 crew members and ship were freed.
2011 Dec 29, In Somalia a
disgruntled former employee shot at least two international workers
from the aid group Doctors Without Borders at the group's office in
Mogadishu. Philippe Havet (53) from Belgium and Andrias Karel
Keiluhu (44) from Indonesia were killed.
(AP, 12/29/11)(AP, 12/30/11)
2011 Dec 29, Kenyan troops
clashed with Somalia's Al-Qaeda linked Shebab militants leaving
several dead, the latest casualties in weeks of dragging conflict in
2011 Dec 29, Minnesota based
Sunrise Community Banks apologized for shutting the accounts of
money transfer shops handling Somalia-related business. It called
for unspecified government remedies to allow them to continue the
business. The association of three banks, announced in early
December that it would close the accounts of a dozen or so money
transfer shops serving an estimated 30,000 Somalis in the region.
2011 Dec 31, Ethiopian troops
captured Beledweyne, a rebel-held town in central Somalia, leaving
at least 18 people dead.
(Reuters, 12/31/11)(AFP, 12/31/12)
2011 Dec, Ahmed Abdirahman, a
religious leader, was killed by gunmen in Puntland, a semiautonomous
region of Somalia. Six prisoners, convicted for the murder, were
executed in 2013.
2011 Jay Bahadur (27), a
Canadian writer, authored "The Pirates of Somalia: Inside Their
2011 Somali exile author
Nuruddin Farah published “Crossbones," the 3rd volume of his “Past
Imperfect" trilogy. The opening novel was “Links" (2004) followed by
(Econ, 9/17/11, p.90)
2011 Ahmed Godane, the emir of
Somalia’s al-Shabab, merged his group fully with al-Qaida.
(Econ, 9/28/13, p.21)
2011 In Somalia at least 80,000
people died this year of famine. A large amount of food sent by the
UN to Mogadishu during the famine never reached the starving people
it was intended for. Some of the World Food Program supplies went to
the black market, some to feed livestock. One warehouse full of
rations was looted in its entirety by a government official. Across
the city, feeding sites handed out far less food than records
indicate they should have. A report in 2013 raised the number of
Somali deaths due to famine in 2011 to 260,000, half of them under
(Econ, 2/25/12, p.58)(AP, 3/17/12)(AP, 5/6/13)
2012 Jan 4, Kenya's military
said its forces killed three militant fighters from al-Shabab in a
battle in Somalia. A Kenyan soldier was also killed in the battle.
2012 Jan 5, The African Union
asked the UN to authorize an increase of its peacekeeping force in
war-torn Somalia by 5,700 to 17,700 amid mounting attacks by
2012 Jan 5, A US Navy destroyer
rescued 13 Iranian fishermen, more than 40 days after their boat was
commandeered by suspected Somali pirates in the northern Arabian
Sea. The event was made public a day later and Iran's government on
Jan 7 welcomed the rescue, calling it a positive humanitarian
gesture. Iran's hard-line Fars news agency called the rescue
operation a Hollywood dramatization of a routine event.
2012 Jan 6, In Somalia at least
60 al-Shabab militants were killed in Kenyan airstrikes on
Garbaharey town, a base of the al-Qaida-linked group.
2012 Jan 7, In Somalia the
Alhidaya mosque in Mogadishu was hit during an attack by the
Islamist Shebab insurgents on African Union Mission (AMISOM)
soldiers. At least one Muslim cleric was killed and several other
2012 Jan 7, The Danish navy
captured a suspect pirate mothership off the Horn of Africa. They
arrested 25 suspected pirates and freed 14 people from Iran and
2012 Jan 11, In Kenya alleged
Somali Islamist gunmen killed six Kenyans including four policemen
and abducted three others, in the northeastern region bordering
2012 Jan 12, Human Rights
Watch (HRW) warned that Kenyan security forces were abusing
civilians and Somali refugees in northeastern regions. The ICRC said
it has suspended food aid to 1.1 million people in southern and
central Somalia because of obstruction by local militia. Gunmen
killed a local aid worker and his driver in central Somalia.
2012 Jan 13, The International
Committee of the Red Cross called on local authorities in war-torn
Somalia's south and center to release 140 trucks carrying aid for
2012 Jan 13, Kenyan police
arrested 29 Ugandans suspected of seeking to join Islamist rebels in
2012 Jan 15, Two Kenyan fighter
jets, apparently targeting a southern Somali militant camp, instead
killed five children in Jilib according to an insurgent spokesman
and residents. A resident said she saw 2 dead al-Shabab fighters
being transported after the attack.
2012 Jan 16, In southern
Somalia at least nine people were reportedly killed after jets
bombed an al-Shabab militant camp in the town of Afmadow.
2012 Jan 19, In Somalia a bomb
exploded in a crowded refugee camp in Mogadishu, only minutes after
a group of UN officials and international journalists left a nearby
feeding site. The blast killed two Somalis.
2012 Jan 20, In Somalia African
Union-backed government forces raided Islamist rebel hideouts in
Mogadishu with tanks and artillery, sparking a retaliation that
killed 3 government soldiers and one official.
2012 Jan 20, The UN refugee
agency raised concern over the record numbers of Ethiopians and
Somalis flocking to Yemen, despite the deteriorating security
situation there. Last year 103,000 refugees, asylum seekers and
migrants crossed the Gulf of Aden and Red Sea, almost double the
2010 figure of 53,000.
2012 Jan 21, In Somalia gunmen
kidnapped an American man in the northern town of Galkayo. Michael
Scott Moore, freed on Sep 23, 2014, was kidnapped while researching
a book on piracy. Bilal-Berjawi, a British-Lebanese commander of the
al-Shabab militant group, was killed along with two others when a US
drone missile struck the car they were traveling in outside
Mogadishu. Another airstrike killed six people near the insurgent
stronghold of Kismayo.
(AP, 1/21/12)(AP, 1/22/12)(AP, 9/24/14)
2012 Jan 22, In Somalia 2
Kenyan and one Somali soldiers were killed during an attack on
hardline Shehab positions at Delbio and Hosingo.
2012 Jan 24, In Somalia a truck
bomb targeted an Ethiopian military base. Islamist militants claimed
responsibility for the attack. Al-Shabab on its Twitter feed claimed
that 33 Ethiopian troops were killed in the attack.
2012 Jan 25, US Navy SEAL Team
6, the same unit that killed Osama bin Laden, parachuted into
Somalia under cover of darkness and crept up to an outdoor camp
where an American woman and Danish man were being held hostage. 9
kidnappers were killed and American Jessica Buchanan and Poul Hagen
Thisted were freed.
2012 Jan 25, At least 15 Somali
migrants were killed and 40 left missing after their boat capsized
off the coast of Libya. The boat had been carrying 55 Somalis and
the other passengers were still missing.
2012 Jan 27, Ethiopian PM Meles
Zenawi said he would pull troops out of Somalia "as soon as
feasible," admitting for the first time that forces had crossed into
the war-torn neighboring country.
2012 Jan 28, In Somalia
unidentified gunmen shot dead Hassan Osman Abdi (29), a station
director at a Mogadishu radio station.
2012 Jan 30, Somalia's Islamist
Shebab rebels banned the International Committee of the Red Cross
(ICRC), ordering it to close its emergency relief operations in the
war-torn regions it controls.
2012 Jan 31, In Somalia two
guards and a suicide bomber were killed in an attack on the home of
Abdi Hasan Qeybdid, a senior militia commander in the central town
2012 Feb 2, Britain sent
Foreign Secretary William Hague to Mogadishu and appointed an
ambassador (Matt Baugh), for the first time in two decades. The last
British ambassador left Somalia 21 years ago, as the Horn of Africa
spiraled into chaos during the 1991 ouster of president Siad Barre.
2012 Feb 3, In Somalia refugees
and soldiers in Mogadishu's Badbado camp say they watched a
surveillance drone crash into a hut made of sticks, corrugated cans
and plastic bags. Kenya's military said some 100 Somali militants
were killed after helicopter gunships targeted a gathering of more
than 200 al-Shabab fighters near Badhade.
2012 Feb 7, Somali pirates
seized the MV Free Goddess, a Liberian-flagged Greek-owned ship and
its crew of 21 Filipinos. They were held hostage by pirates for
eight months until a payment of $2.3 million was made in ransom.
2012 Feb 8, In Somalia a
suicide car bomber slammed his vehicle into a cafe outside the Muna
Hotel, where lawmakers gather in Mogadishu, killing at least 15
2012 Feb 8, Eleven Somalis
drowned and another 34 were missing after a smugglers' boat headed
for Yemen capsized in the Gulf of Aden. Survivors told how the three
smugglers crewmen forced 22 people overboard when the boat's engine
failed soon after departure.
2012 Feb 9, In a video posted
on an Islamic Internet forum Al-Qaida's leader, Ayman al-Zawahri,
said that the Somali militant group al-Shabab has formally joined
2012 Feb 13, Across Somalia
gun-toting Shebab insurgents staged rallies to celebrate their
group's recognition by Ayman al-Zawahiri as a member of the Islamist
2012 Feb 14, Somali government
forces backed by the African Union attacked Islamist Shebab rebel
posts on the outskirts of the war-torn capital Mogadishu with tanks
2012 Feb 15, Somalia's
president asked the United Nations to lift the arms embargo against
his country, saying the recent merger between al-Qaida and al-Shabab
has made the dropping of the arms ban necessary.
2012 Feb 17, In Somalia a car
bomb exploded inside the compound of a major police building in
Mogadishu, wounding at least one police officer.
2012 Feb 18, Somalia's
disparate leaders agreed on the basic structure of a new parliament
and government to replace the fragile transitional body that has
failed to bring peace to the war-torn country. The accord proposed a
parliamentary system for anarchic Somalia, with both Puntland and
Galmudug recognized as states within a federal system.
2012 Feb 21, Ethiopian troops
in battle tanks thrust into rebel-held Somalia regions, sparking
heavy fighting as they advanced towards the major Shebab stronghold
2012 Feb 22, In Somalia
truckloads of Ethiopian and Somali troops captured the strategic
city of Baidoa from Al-Qaeda allied Shebab insurgents, who vowed to
avenge their loss. The blow to the insurgency coincided with the UN
Security Council boosting the strength of an African force in
Mogadishu by more than 5,000 troops and came on the eve of
conference in London aimed at reviving peace efforts.
2012 Feb 23, Somali and int’l.
participants at a conference in London agreed to develop a federal
system in Somalia based on 5-6 zones of influence.
(Econ, 2/25/12, p.58)
2012 Feb 24, In southern
Somalia a US military drone missile strike killed four Al-Qaeda
allied Shebab rebels, as the extremists were squeezed on three
fronts by regional forces.
(AFP, 2/24/12)(SFC, 2/25/12, p.A2)
2012 Feb 27, In Somalia an
explosion killed three people at a football match in Mogadishu.
2012 Feb 27, Off Somalia's
coast, 2 hostages were killed as the Danish warship HDMS Absalon
intercepted a cargo vessel that had been hijacked by pirates. 17
suspected pirates were found along with 18 hostages. In July Danish
military prosecutors say a Danish soldier "very likely" caused the
death of the two hostages, but that the soldier would not be
prosecuted since anti-pirate operations are inherently fraught with
(AP, 2/28/12)(AP, 7/3/12)
2012 Feb 28, In Somalia gunmen
shot down Abukar Hassan Kadaf, the head of the Somaliweyn radio
station in Mogadishu.
2012 Mar 2, It was reported
that the UN-backed Somali government spent only $1 million on social
services despite having $58 million in revenue, according to an
unpublished report by Abdirazak Fartaag, a former Somali government
2012 Mar 3, In Somalia a car
bomb exploded near a military base housing Burundian soldiers from
an African Union peacekeeping force in Mogadishu, killing the
2012 Mar 5, In Somalia a
Burundi soldier with the African Union troops was killed and another
injured in Mogadishu, when a bomb they were defusing was detonated
by Shebab rebels.
2012 Mar 6, Turkish Airlines
started flying into Somalia's war-torn capital, becoming the first
international company to fly passenger planes into Mogadishu in more
than 20 years. Flights were scheduled for twice a week.
2012 Mar 10, In Somalia an
offensive by Islamist Shebab fighters on Ethiopian troops left at
least 23 people dead including 17 al-Shabab fighters and 6 Ethiopian
(AFP, 3/10/12)(SSFC, 3/11/12, p.A4)
2012 Mar 12, Kenya said it will
avail 4,660 soldiers to the African Union force in Somalia, where it
already has troops fighting the Al Qaeda-linked Shebab insurgents.
2012 Mar 13, Somalia's Shebab
rebels banned the aid group Save the Children from operating in
regions under their control. It accused Save the Children of
distributing expired porridge to children, as well as corruption and
failing to comply with the rules laid down by the Al Qaeda-linked
2012 Mar 14, In Somalia a
suicide bomber blew himself up at the compound of President Sharif
Sheikh Ahmed, killing at least 5 people, in an attack claimed by
Al-Qaeda affiliated Shebab rebels.
2012 Mar 19, In Somalia several
mortars hit houses as families slept in Mogadishu. A father, mother
and two children were killed in one house. Another round killed two
other civilians. An additional 12 people were wounded.
2012 Mar 19, Somalia's national
theatre reopened in the war-ravaged capital Mogadishu for the first
time in 20 years with the president voicing hope it would mark a
watershed in the long quest for peace.
2012 Mar 20, In Somalia
Al-Qaeda-allied Islamist gunmen seized Dhusamareb, a key central,
driving out the pro-government militia Ahlu Sunna Wal Jamaa, an
Ethiopia-backed force who follow Somalia's traditional Sufi branch
of Islam. Shebab fighters also fired mortar bombs at the presidency
in Mogadishu as their commanders called for more attacks on the
government. The pro-government militia later in the day wrested back
Dhusamareb in fierce clashes both sides claimed killed several of
2012 Mar 21, British hostage
Judith Tebbutt (57), captured in Kenya on Sep 11, 2011, ago by
gunmen who killed her husband, was released in central Somalia and
flown out to Nairobi.
2012 Mar 23, Abdullahi Yusuf
(78), former president of the Transitional Federal Government of
Somalia (2004-2008), died in a hospital in Dubai. He rose from a
guerrilla warrior to president of Somalia only to watch his
administration crumble under a ferocious Islamic insurgency.
2012 Mar 24, In central Somalia
hundreds of heavily armed Ethiopian troops advanced into Dhusamareb
with the aim of attacking the main stronghold of the Al Qaeda-linked
Shebab militia in the region.
2012 Mar 26, In central Somalia
Ethiopian forces seized El Bur, the main regional base of the Al
Qaeda-linked Shebab insurgents. Shebab rebels in Mogadishu killed
two civilians at a camp for the displaced near the presidential
compound, which they targeted with mortar bombs.
2012 Mar 26, Somali pirates
seized an Iranian-owned cargo ship and its 23-strong crew in the
first hijacking within Maldivian territory. The MV. Eglantine was
seized off the north-western Hoarafush island in the Indian Ocean
atoll nation. The Bolivian-flagged vessel was freed on April 2, and
continued on to Iran with its sugar shipment.
(AFP, 3/27/12)(AFP, 4/3/12)
2012 Mar 29, Human rights Watch
said pro-government Somali militia are torturing and executing
civilians in two southern towns of the war-torn nation where
Ethiopian troops recently ousted Islamist rebels.
2012 Mar 30, Somali government
troops backed by African forces said they took control of one of the
Islamist rebellion's last strongholds, sparking intense clashes on
the outskirts of Mogadishu.
2012 Apr 2, A Bolivian-flagged
vessel seized by Somali pirates since last week was freed, and is
continuing on to Iran with its sugar shipment.
2012 Apr 4, In Somalia an
explosion at the national theater in Mogadishu killed at least 4
people including two top sports officials in an attack by an
Islamist group. Officials said a female suicide bomber was
responsible, but al-Shabab said it was a planted device. The
explosion at the newly reopened theater happened as PM Abdiweli
Mohamed Ali was standing at the podium to deliver a speech.
(AP, 4/4/12)(SFC, 4/5/12, p.A3)
2012 Apr 5, In Somalia African
Union troops deployed in the city of Baidoa, the first time the
force has dispatched troops outside Mogadishu since it was set up
five years ago. Baidoa, located 250 km (155 miles) northwest of
Mogadishu, was the seat of Somalia's transitional parliament until
the hardline Shebab captured it three years ago.
2012 Apr 6, A Chinese cargo
ship was hijacked by pirates in the Gulf of Oman, not far off the
south of Iran. The Xianghuamen, owned by Yuanyang shipping company,
was sailing with a crew of 28. Iran’s navy rescued the 28 crew
members and detained 9 Somali pirates.
(AFP, 4/6/12)(AP, 4/6/12)
2012 Apr 9, In Somalia a blast
rocked a vegetable market in Baidoa, the country’s third-largest
city, killing at least twelve people and wounding at least 30.
2012 Apr 11, Somalia’s PM
Abdiweli Mohamed Ali said that al-Shabab is in "tatters" and that
its high-ranking leaders are now moving to the Galgala Mountains.
2012 Apr 11, The Danish navy
stopped a pirate ship off the Somali coast, rescuing 12 Iranian and
Pakistani hostages and arresting their 16 captors.
2012 Apr 17, In Somalia unknown
military jets fired several missiles at a suspected pirate base in
the north of the war-torn country, wounding two civilians. Last
month the EU authorized its navies to strike Somali pirate equipment
on land, with a mandate for warships or helicopters to fire at fuel
barrels, boats, trucks or other equipment stowed away on beaches. A
suicide bomber killed a soldier in the southern town of Baidoa, when
he detonated an explosive vest as he tried to enter a government
2012 Apr 18, The German
government approved an extension of the EU's anti-piracy operation
off the Horn of Africa to include targeting equipment stored on
2012 Apr 19, In Somalia
Burundian troops with the AU force seized areas of Mogadishu’s
Banadir district late today, including securing the Deynile
airstrip, part of long-running efforts to drive the militants from
2012 May 1, Bomb attacks in
Somalia claimed by Islamist rebels killed at least eight people
including two lawmakers, as the international community warned that
"spoilers" threaten the fragile progress in the war-torn nation.
2012 May 2, In Somalia 2 armed
men shadowed radio journalist Farhan Abdulle after he left his
station, then shot him dead. He became the fifth Somali journalist
killed this year.
2012 May 7, In Somalia a mortar
shell fired into a crowded Mogadishu neighborhood and killed seven
civilians, including two children.
2012 May 10, Somali pirates
hijacked the MT Smyrni, a Greek tanker carrying 135,000 tons of fuel
oil. The ship and 26 crew members were released 10 months later.
(http://gcaptain.com/smyrni-hijacking-update/)(Econ, 5/18/13, p.67)
2012 May 15, The EU naval force
patrolling the Indian Ocean carried out its first air strikes
against pirate targets on shore, with a pirate reporting that the
raid destroyed speed boats, fuel depots and an arms store.
2012 May 19, In Somalia at
least 7 people, mostly Somali soldiers, were killed in bomb
explosions in Mogadishu.
2012 May 22, In the UAR a
federal court convicted 10 Somali pirates captured during a raid to
retake MV Arrilah-1 on April 1, 2011, and sentenced them to life
2012 May 24, In Somalia
thousands of people fled a region north of Mogadishu amid the sounds
of gunfire and explosions as government troops and their allies
tried to take more ground from Islamist insurgents in the Afgoye
corridor. An estimated 400,000 refugees had been in the agricultural
2012 May 25, Somali and African
Union troops said they have captured the strategic town of Afgoye
from Al-Qaeda-linked Shebab insurgents without major resistance.
Somali troops were reported to be pushing northwards towards the
Shebab-held town of Balad, some 35 km (21 miles) north of Mogadishu.
2012 May 29, Somalia's
president Sharif Shekh Ahmed escaped an ambush unharmed as Al-Qaeda
linked Shebab fighters attacked his armored convoy in the Afgoye
corridor. Shebab insurgents said they had fired on two foreign
warships that came in close to the key rebel port of Kismayo, the
first such reported incident as they face growing military pressure.
2012 May 30, The Somali
militant group al-Shabab threatened to bring down skyscrapers in
Kenya within two weeks, a warning that followed a bomb attack in
Nairobi's city center. Kenya naval forces bombarded the Somali town
of Kismayo, a key stronghold of the Al-Qaida-linked al-Shabab.
Ground troops attacked Afmadhow.
(AP, 5/31/12)(SFC, 5/31/12, p.A2)
2012 May 31, In Turkey
representatives from 54 countries gathered in Istanbul for a 2-day
conference to find a path towards a better future for Somalia for
which the term "failed state" was coined two decades ago.
2012 Jun 2, Kenyan troops were
officially integrated into the African Union's peacekeeping mission
in Somalia (AMISOM), with Kenya's defense minister signing an
agreement at AU headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
2012 Jun 7, The US announced
$33 million in rewards for information leading to the location of
top terrorist suspects in Somalia.
(SFC, 6/8/12, p.A2)
2012 Jun 14, Somali government
spokesman Abdirahman Omar Osman said that some 500 al-Shabab
fighters have defected to the government side.
2012 Jun 16, In Somalia a
suicide bomber attacked a military base housing African Union
soldiers and Somali troops about 30 km (20 miles) from the capital
2012 Jun 21, Somali security
forces rescued a South African couple kidnapped by pirates in the
Indian Ocean and held for 18 months. Debbie Calitz and Bruno
Pelizzari were sailing in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Kenya on
Oct 26, 2010, when their yacht was hijacked by 12 pirates who set
course for Somalia and took the couple ashore at Baraawe.
2012 Jun 22, Somali leaders
approved the draft constitution. The president, prime minister and
four other leaders signed the document at a meeting in Nairobi,
Kenya. Somali PM Abdiweli Mohamed Ali said the constitutional is
only provisional until Somali citizens can vote on it.
2012 Jun 26, In Somalia
hundreds of pro-government troops swept into Balad town 30 km north
of Mogadishu, forcing al-Shabab fighters to flee.
2012 Jun 26, In Tanzania a
truck driver abandoned Ethiopian and Somali migrants after letting a
number of them suffocate to death inside his vehicle. He dumped 43
bodies and abandoned survivors.
2012 Jun 28, In Dubai Somali
President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed and his counterpart Ahmed Mohamed
Silanyo of Somaliland agreed to boost cooperation between their
different factions. The two men signed the "Dubai Charter" in the
presence of the leaders of Puntland and Galmudug, two
self-proclaimed autonomous regions in Somalia.
2012 Jun 29, In Kenya gunmen
killed at least one person and kidnapped 4 aid workers in the Dadaab
refugee camp complex near the border with war-torn Somalia. The 4
aid workers were released safely in southern Somalia after a short
overnight gunfight on July 2.
(AFP, 6/29/12)(AFP, 7/2/12)
2012 Jul 5, The United States
placed sanctions on six alleged backers of Al-Qaeda-linked Shebab
rebels in Somalia, naming them as two Eritrean government officials,
a Sudanese national and three Kenyans.
2012 Jul 7, Somali security
forces said they had detained over 500 people in a two-day operation
in the Mogadishu area who were either Islamist rebel fighters or had
have links to them.
2012 Jul 11, In northern
Somalia 2 Kenyan aid workers and a Somali doctor were kidnapped.
Police suspected pirates.
2012 Jul 16, In Somalia a car
bomb went off in Mogadishu killing Mohamed Abdinur Garweyne, a
former trade minister, and wounding six people nearby.
2012 Jul 16, A UN Security
Council report said that for every $10 received, $7 never made its
way into Somalia state coffers. The report cited systematic
misappropriation, embezzlement and outright theft. Somali PM
Abdiweli Mohamed Ali condemned the allegations.
(SFC, 7/17/12, p.A2)
2012 Jul 20, Puntland security
forces of the semi-autonomous region in northern Somalia seized a
boat carrying weapons that were being smuggled from al-Qaida
militants in Yemen to fighters in Somalia.
2012 Jul 22, Somalia's most
powerful militant group publicly executed three of its members
because they had spied on the militants for the US and British
2012 Jul 31, In Somalia gunmen
in Mogadishu shot dead Abdi Jeylani Malaq Marshale, a well-known
comedian known for poking fun at Al-Qaeda linked Shebab insurgents.
2012 Aug 1, Somali leaders
voted overwhelmingly to adopt a new constitution that contains new
individual rights and sets the country on a course for a more
powerful and representative government. The vote came after two
thunderous blasts at the gates of the meeting site from a failed
suicide attack. Security forces shot dead two bombers at the gate to
the meeting area.
2012 Aug 13, Dutch sailors
taking part in NATO's pirate-busting operation Ocean Shield helped
rescue the crew of a Somali dhow hijacked by pirates in the Gulf of
2012 Aug 20, Somalia's
parliament held its inaugural session as the chief justice swore in
211 new members of parliament. Leaders were to have chosen 275
members of parliament and vote for a new president by today, the end
of the UN-backed Transitional Federal Government. The process has
been slowed by corruption and intimidation. Some seats were said to
be sold for up to $25,000.
(AP, 8/20/12)(Econ, 8/25/12, p.37)
2012 Aug 27, In Somalia African
Union forces seized the port city of Merca from rebels linked to
al-Qaida. At least 5 children were killed and more than 10 others
wounded in a blast in a school in Balad, after they played with
explosives left over from fighting in the area.
(AP, 8/27/12)(AFP, 8/27/12)
2012 Aug 29, Somali pirates
killed a Syrian hostage crew member and wounded another to protest a
delayed ransom payment for the MV Orna, hijacked on Dec 20, 2010.
(SSFC, 9/2/12, p.A9)
2012 Sep 1, Somalia's
Al-Qaeda-linked Shebab militants put on show the bodies of four
"enemy" soldiers (2 Somalis and 2 Kenyans) killed in combat in
Kismayo, southern Somalia.
2012 Sep 4, The Kenyan Navy
said it has shelled Somalia's port town of Kismayo, the remaining
significant stronghold of al-Qaida-linked militants, in preparation
for the ground forces to capture the town. 7 people believed to be
members of the al-Shabab militia group were killed in the shelling
that occurred on Sep 1 and Sep 3.
2012 Sep 10, Somalia's
Parliament elected a new president of the country's fledgling
government. Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, a political newcomer, won the
election against outgoing President Sheik Sharif Sheikh Ahmed by the
legislative vote of 190 to 79.
2012 Sep 12, In Somalia a day
after the election of the new president, two explosions at the gate
of his temporary residence killed at least five people and wounded
2012 Sep 18, Somali officials
said Islamist extremist fighters have started to leave their coastal
stronghold of Kismayo in the face of advancing allied African
(SFC, 9/19/12, p.A2)
2012 Sep 20, In Somalia a
suicide bombing killed 14 people at a Mogadishu cafe frequented by
politicians and journalists.
2012 Sep 23, In Somalia a
Kenyan soldier allegedly shot dead six Somalis believed to be
civilians caught up in the ongoing battle between allied African
troops and extremist insurgents.
2012 Sep 25, Kenya's military
said that its bombing of the Somali port city of Kismayo destroyed a
warehouse and armory belonging to the Islamist militant group
al-Shabab, which controls the city.
2012 Sep 28, One Somali
journalist was shot dead by gunmen. A second journalist, a day
earlier, was beheaded and his body dumped in the street. The two
attacks brought the number of Somali journalists killed this year to
15. Kenyan troops invaded Kismayo, al-Shabab's last stronghold in
Somalia, coming ashore in a predawn assault.
2012 Sep 29, In southern
Somalia Al-Shabab rebels pulled out of Kismayo, a day after Kenyan
troops invaded and marched toward the city center and seaside port
that long served as the militants' key source of funding.
2012 Oct 1, Somali troops
entered Kismayo for the first time since Kenyan troops carried out
an amphibious assault on the coastal port city last week, causing
al-Shabab militants to flee.
2012 Oct 8, Somalia’s Al-Shabab
said on Twitter that it had banned the British-registered aid group
Islamic Relief. The extremists accused the group of working with the
United Nations' World Food Program, which the militants will not
allow in its territory.
2012 Oct 11, Somali pirates
released the MV Free Goddess, a Liberian-flagged Greek-owned ship
and its crew of 21 Filipinos, following a payment of a $2.3 million
ransom. They were held hostage for eight months. Pirates still held
six ships and 156 crew members.
2012 Oct 19, In Somalia a cargo
ship was freed after being held captive for nearly two years. A
$600,000 ransom was paid for the MV Orna, hijacked on Dec 20, 2010.
Six hostages were still being held by the pirates on land. Pirates
shot and killed one of the ship's crew members in August over
delayed ransom payments.
2012 Oct 23, Somali journalist
Ahmed Farah Sakin, a reporter for the Somali television station
Universal, was shot to death in the town of Lasanod in the breakaway
region of Somaliland. This brought the number of journalists killed
in Somalia this year to 16.
2012 Oct 28, Somali journalist
Mohamed Mohamud Turyare, a reporter at Shabelle radio, died of
wounds following an attacked by gunmen last week. This brought
the number of journalists killed in targeted attacks in Somalia this
year to 17.
2012 Oct 29, In Somalia Warsame
Shire Awale, who worked at a Mogadishu radio station, was shot dead
by two men near his home. This brought the number of Somali
journalists killed this year to 18.
2012 Oct 31, A top a top Kenyan
official said more than 2,700 African Union troops from Uganda have
died in Somalia. About three dozen Kenyan forces have died there
over the last year.
2012 Nov 3, In Somalia a
security guard died while fending off suicide bombers who were
trying to storm into a popular Mogadishu restaurant.
2012 Nov 23, Somali journalists
urged their new government and the international community to help
end the impunity they say is contributing to making Somalia one of
the world's most dangerous countries to practice journalism.
Journalist Mohamed Bashir Hashi said they are being targeted to
silence them from speaking against corruption, violence and
violations of human rights by radical Islamist groups.
2012 Dec 4, In northeastern
Somalia militants attacked an army post, killing 12 soldiers in one
of the deadliest attacks in recent months by the al-Qaida-linked
2012 Dec 9, In Somalia African
Union and Somali troops took Jowhar, a rebel al-Shabab stronghold
north of Mogadishu.
2012 Dec 13, A Kenyan official
said an intelligence message intercepted from an al-Qaida-linked
Somali militant group shows that the rebels are being offered up to
$8,000 as a reward for killing Kenyan security officers.
2012 Dec 14, In Somalia a
suicide car bomb explosion in Mogadishu killed only the bomber. 3
bystanders were wounded.
2012 Dec 18, In the Gulf of
Aden 55 people drowned or were missing after an overcrowded boat
capsized off the Somali coast.
2012 Dec 23, Puntland forces,
after a two-week seige, captured back the Panamanian-flagged MV
Iceberg 1 and rescued 22 hostages who had been held by pirates since
May 29, 2010. The hijackers had killed a Yemeni sailor who tried to
escape. The pirates near the coastal village of Gara’ad escaped.
(SFC, 12/24/12, p.A2)(AP, 12/29/12)
2012 In Somalia Access TV, a
satellite service, was launched. By 2014 it had 100 channels on
offer to 5,000 subscribers with customers paying $8 per month.
(SFC, 8/20/14, p.A4)
2012 The UN banned exports of
Somali charcoal in an effort to reduce income of the Shaba militant
group. The production of charcoal has led to massive deforestation
and desertification across Somalia.
(Econ, 10/11/14, p.60)
2013 Jan 4, Omar Hammami, an
Alabama native who moved to Somalia to wage jihad alongside
al-Shabab militants, was given 15 days to surrender to militants or
be killed. The FBI has named Hammami as one of its most-wanted
2013 Jan 6, Somalia’s Universal
TV reported that armed men in police uniform had raped a young
woman. The same day Al Jazeera published an article describing rape
by security forces in camps for internally displaced people in
Mogadishu. Journalist Abdiaziz Abdinur Ibrahim then interviewed the
woman but never published a story. He was arrested for conducting
2013 Jan 10, Somali journalist
Abdiaziz Abdinur Ibrahim, a freelance journalist, was arrested by
police after interviewing a woman who said she was raped by
government security forces. She was also briefly arrested and
questioned by police before being released.
2013 Jan 12, In Somalia a
French commando raid to free a captive intelligence agent, code-name
Denis Allex, ended in the deaths of 17 Islamists and a French
soldier. France said the hostage also died in the failed rescue, but
the man's captors denied he had been killed and claimed to have
seized a 2nd soldier. Allex was captured in Somalia on July 14,
2013 Jan 12, In Somalia three
Syrian hostages held by pirates were released after more than two
years in captivity. They were the last to be freed of the 21
surviving crew of the ship MV Orna, hijacked in Dec, 2010.
2013 Jan 15, In Somalia African
Union troops mistakenly opened fire on a religious school while
pursuing militants at Leggo village, killing five children and two
2013 Jan 16, Somalia's most
dangerous militant group reportedly killed French hostage Denis
Allex, whom French military forces tried to rescue last weekend
during a botched raid. French officials have said they believe Allex
was killed the night of the raid and that claims by al-Shabab of an
execution were simply propaganda.
2013 Jan 18, In Somalia unknown
gunmen shot dead Shabelle radio producer Abdihared Osman Aden, the
first journalist to be killed this year. 18 journalists were killed
in Somalia last year.
2013 Jan 23, Rights groups
called for the Somali government to release a journalist arrested by
police for interviewing a woman who said she was raped by government
security forces. Freelance journalist Abdiaziz Abdinur Ibrahim and
three others accused in the case have been held for more than a week
without charge. Journalist Abdiaziz Abdinur was later charged with
insulting a government body and inducing the woman to give false
evidence. On March 17 Somalia's Supreme Court overturned Ibrahim’s
widely criticized conviction.
(AP, 1/23/13)(AP, 1/31/13)(AP, 3/18/13)
2013 Jan 25, Twitter suspended
the account used by Somalia's al-Qaida-linked militant group two
days after al-Shabab used the platform to announce a death threat
against Kenyan hostages unless Kenya's government meets its demands.
2013 Jan 26, Somalia's
education minister said 3 officials have been arrested for
mismanaging a scholarship scheme that sends Somali students to
Turkey. Somalia is ranked as the world's most corrupt country by
2013 Jan 26, Somalia's
education minister said 3 officials have been arrested for
mismanaging a scholarship scheme that sends Somali students to
Turkey. Somalia is ranked as the world's most corrupt country by
2013 Jan 29, In Somalia a
suicide bomber in Mogadishu detonated explosives in the presidential
palace compound outside the home of PM Abdi Farah Shirdon, killing
himself and two people.
2013 Jan 29, The Somali
government charged a woman who has said she was raped by security
forces. Human Rights Watch later said three other people including
the woman's husband were also charged with assisting the alleged
rape victim to evade investigators.
2013 Feb 4, In Somalia a
roadside bomb killed an African Union soldier from Burundi.
2013 Feb 5, In Somalia a
Mogadishu court handed down one-year prison sentences to a woman who
said she was raped by security forces and a reporter who interviewed
her. The judges decided the woman falsely claimed she was raped and
had insulted the government. On March 3 an appeals court dropped
charges against the woman. A journalist who interviewed the rape
victim and was tried alongside her had his sentence reduced from one
year to six months.
(AP, 2/5/13)(AP, 3/3/13)
2013 Feb 11, Somali police said
a suicide car bomb attack targeting a senior Puntland police
commander in Galkayo killed only the bomber.
2013 Feb 15, In Somalia
Al-Qaeda-linked militants claimed that they have executed a Kenyan
soldier after the Nairobi government failed to meet their demands. A
car bomb detonated by remote control killed one person and wounded
two others in Mogadishu.
(AP, 2/15/13)(AP, 2/16/13)
2013 Mar 1, In Somalia a
suicide bomber detonated explosives inside a seaside restaurant in
Mogadishu, killing himself and one diner. A car bomb was also
remotely detonated at the restaurant's gates.
2013 Mar 16, In Somalia
al-Shabab fighters stoned to death a man for allegedly forcing a
13-year-old boy to have sex with him.
2013 Mar 18, In Somalia an
explosives-laden car, apparently targeting a truck full of
government officials, hit a civilian car and exploded, setting a
nearby mini-bus on fire and killing at least 7 people in Mogadishu.
2013 Mar 20, The US announced a
$5 million reward for information leading to the arrest of American
jihadi Omar Hammami and another $5 million reward for a 2nd American
fighting in Somalia, Jehad Mostafa.
2013 Mar 24, In Somalia 2
gunmen in Mogadishu shot and killed Rahmo Abdulqadir Farah, a female
2013 Apr 8, Somalia's
government, after months of denial, acknowledged for the first time
that its security forces were involved in rape cases that drew an
international outcry by human rights groups.
2013 Apr 14, In Somalia 9
al-Shabab Islamic extremists, most wearing suicide vests, stormed
the main court complex in Mogadishu while the Supreme Court was in
session, firing a barrage of bullets during a running gun battle
with security forces that lasted two hours. A car bomb later
exploded near the airport. At least 35 people were killed in the
attacks, including all 9 militants.
(AP, 4/14/13)(AP, 4/15/13)
2013 Apr 25, In Somalia Omar
Hammami, a most-wanted American jihadi fropm Alabama, was wounded in
an assassination attempt.
2013 Apr 30, In the Puntland
region of Somalia 13 prisoners were executed by firing squad on the
outskirts of Bossaso. One soldier who helped carry out the execution
died after being struck by an errant bullet fired by a colleague.
2013 May 5, In Somalia 7 people
were killed when a suicide bomber attempted to ram a car laden with
explosives into a military convoy escorting a four-member Qatari
delegation on the KM4 roadway. 4 Somali soldiers were wounded when a
roadside bomb struck a government vehicle in Deynile district, in
2013 May 7, Somali President
Hassan Sheikh Mohamud urged donors at an international conference in
London to provide "considerable investment and support" for his
beleaguered government, arguing that the fate of his country and the
region hangs in the balance.
2013 May 26, Kenya’s
anti-terrorism police killed Khalid Ahmed, a wanted terrorist, and
recovered a cache of weapons in the port city of Mombasa. The Somali
national had sneaked into Kenya from Somalia where he had undergone
2013 Jun 6, In southern Somalia
al-Qaida-linked militants killed two men by firing squad in Bararwe
for allegedly spying for the Somali government and the African Union
2013 Jun 19, In Somalia 7
al-Shabab gunmen detonated a pick-up truck rigged with explosives at
the gate of the UN compound in Mogadishu, launching a
bombs-and-gunfire assault that saw militants pour into the complex,
killing at least 13 people, including 3 foreigners. The gunmen all
died in the assault.
2013 Jun 29, In Somalia dozens
were feared dead as militia clashes over leadership continued for a
2nd day in the strategic port city of Kismayu.
(AP, 6/29/13)(Reuters, 6/29/13)
2013 Jun 30, Somalia's
government called for a neutral force in the disputed port city of
Kismayo, accusing Kenyan troops there of backing one militia against
others in ongoing fighting for control of the strategic southern
2013 Jul 1, A UN report said:
Some 80 percent of withdrawals from the Central Bank of Somalia are
made for private purposes and not for the running of government,
representing a patronage system and a set of social relations that
defy institutionalization of the state. "Key to these irregularities
has been the current governor of the Central Bank, Abdusalam Omer."
2013 Jul 4, The World Health
Organization said at least 71 people have been killed and more than
300 wounded in ongoing fighting between rival militias in the Somali
city of Kismayo.
2013 Jul 7, In Somalia
journalist Liban Abdullahi Farah was gunned down in Galkayo,
Puntland province. He was the 6th journalist to die violently in
Somalia this year.
(Econ, 8/3/13, p.44)(http://tinyurl.com/oafs6e7)
2013 Jul 8, The European Union
Naval Force said the MV Albedo, a hijacked Malaysian-flagged ship
that pirates have held off the coast of Somalia since November 2010,
has sunk in rough seas. 2 of 15 crew members were reportedly
rescued. A pirate commander said at least six pirates and two crew
members had been killed.
2013 Jul 8, In Virginia three
Somalis were convicted of piracy, kidnapping and murder in the 2011
shooting deaths of four Americans sailing in the Indian Ocean off of
Oman and could face the death penalty.
2013 Jul 9, In Somalia a bomb
exploded inside Bakara market in Mogadishu, wounding at least 5
government soldiers aboard a military vehicle.
2013 Jul 12, In Somalia a
suicide bomber detonated his explosives near a moving convoy of
African Union troops in Mogadishu, killing himself and at least 3
people walking by.
2013 Jul 25, A United Nations
reports said that Somali pirates have turned to a new business
model: Transporting weapons and providing "security" for ships
illegally plundering Somalia's fish stock.
2013 Jul 27, In Somalia a
Turkish security official and a Somali student were killed in a
terrorist attack on the Turkish consulate and relief mission. Three
suicide bombers also died in the attack in Mogadishu.
2013 Jul 30, A Kenyan court in
Mombasa sentenced nine Somalis to five years in prison each for
attempting to hijack the German merchant vessel MV Courier in the
Gulf of Aden in March 2009.
2013 Aug 4, African leaders
meeting in Uganda said the Somali city of Kismayo "should be handed
over" to the central government, a decision that puts pressure on
Kenyan troops who face charges of backing a powerful militia in the
disputed port city.
2013 Aug 6, It was reported
that Somalia's government has signed an oil and gas exploration deal
with Soma Oil and Gas, a newly formed British company, the first
such agreement by a central government in Somalia following decades
2013 Aug 9, In Somalia an
Ethiopian military aircraft carrying ammunition crash-landed at
Mogadishu's international airport, bursting into flames and killing
4 of the six crew members.
2013 Aug 14, In Somalia the
international medical charity Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) began
closing all its local humanitarian operations because of attacks on
2013 Aug 16, A WHO official
said Somalia is suffering an "explosive" outbreak of polio and now
has more cases — 105 — than all other countries in the world
combined. The outbreak is complicated by the fact health workers
have limited access to south-central Somalia, controlled by
2013 Aug 16, In Kenya some 40
armed extremist, believed to be from Somalia's Islamic extremist
group al-Shabab, killed at least 4 police in an attack on a police
post near the Somalia border.
2013 Aug 17, Somalia's
government executed a man who was convicted of murdering a
journalist, the first such execution in a country where those who
kill media workers often evade justice.
2013 Aug 21, In Mogadishu,
Somalia, gunmen killed 2 men and wounded two women, including a
Swede, as they ambushed a car in what police believe may have been
an attempted kidnap.
2013 Aug 28, Somalia's central
government agreed to recognize a former Islamist commander as the
interim leader of the southern Juba region, in a deal that could
help end months of clan fighting that has killed dozens of
2013 Aug 31, Somalia’s capital,
Mogadishu, hosted TEDx talks. Academics, activists artists and
entrepreneurs gathered to challenge the negative images of the
infamously dangerous and war-ravaged city.
2013 Sep 6, Somalia said that
international investigators commissioned by its government had
cleared it of corruption accusations leveled by United Nations
2013 Sep 7, Somali militants
attacked a restaurant near Mogadishu's seat of government for the
second time in less than a year, detonating two large blasts that
killed at least 15 people and wounded nearly two dozen.
2013 Sep 8, The Somali
authorities launched a campaign aimed at getting one million
children in the war-torn nation into school.
2013 Sep 12, Somali militants
said a rapping jihadi from Alabama was killed in an ambush ordered
by al-Shabab. Omar Hammami had ascended the ranks of Somalia's
al-Qaida-linked militant group and was on the FBI's Most Wanted list
with a $5 million reward for his capture.
2013 Sep 16, International
donors promised Somalia 1.8 billion euros ($2.4 billion) in
reconstruction aid to back a three-year plan aimed at strengthening
the country's economy and building up its fragile security.
2013 Sep 18, Uganda said it has
recalled the commander of its peacekeeping force in Somalia and
almost two dozen other officers suspected of involvement in a scam
to steal food and fuel and sell it on the black market.
2013 Sep 19, In Somalia
Abdusalam Omer said he has been replaced as Somalia's central bank
governor after seven months in the job, and again strongly denied
graft allegations made by United Nations monitors.
2013 Sep 19, In Somalia
16 people died and others were missing after a quarry where they
were mining construction stone collapsed.
2013 Oct 3, A smuggler's boat,
carrying migrants from Eritrea, Ghana and Somalia, capsized off
Italy’s southern island of Lampedusa. 160 bodies were soon recovered
and 155 people rescued. 366 lives were lost. On Nov 8 police said
dozens of the asylum-seekers had been raped and tortured in Libya
before starting their journey. Three traffickers were under arrest.
(AP, 10/3/13)(AP, 10/4/13)(AP, 10/6/13)
2013 Oct 5, In Somalia a
commando unit from the US Navy’s Seal Team Six carried out a
pre-dawn strike against foreign fighters in Barawe. The US troops
were faced with heavier-than-expected return fire, and pulled out to
avoid civilian casualties. The raid’s target was Abdulkadir Mohamed
Abdulkadir, a Kenyan of Somali origin who is a foreign fighter
commander for the Islamist Shebab group.
(AP, 10/5/13)(AP, 10/6/13)(AFP, 10/7/13)
2013 Oct 12, In Belgium Somali
pirate Mohamed Abdi Hassan, better known as "Afweyne" or "Big
Mouth", was detained at Brussels airport when he stepped off a
flight from Nairobi. He was lured to Brussels on promises of
shooting a documentary movie about his life on the high seas.
2013 Oct 13, In Ethiopia an
explosion killed two people and impacted a home used by US Embassy
personnel in Addis Ababa. Two Somali suicide bombers, who had
planned to kill soccer fans during Ethiopia's World Cup qualifying
match against Nigeria, blew themselves up accidentally.
(AP, 10/13/13)(Reuters, 10/14/13)
2013 Oct 18, A French court
sentenced three Somali pirates to nine years in prison each for the
2009 hijacking off the Somali coast of a French yacht that led to
the death of its skipper.
2013 Oct 18, Kenya officials
identified Hassan Abdi Dhuhulow (b.1990), a Norwegian-Somali, as one
of the four attackers of the Westgate Mall on Sep 21. Charred body
parts taken from a collapsed portion of the shopping center still
awaited forensics analysis to determine if they were the remains of
(AP, 10/18/13)(SFC, 10/18/13, p.A2)
2013 Oct 19, In Somalia a
suicide bomber killed at least 16 people, including 4 Ethiopian
soldiers, in an attack on a cafe in Beledweyne, a town close to the
Ethiopian border frequented by local and foreign soldiers fighting
al Qaeda-linked rebels.
(AFP, 10/19/13)(SSFC, 10/20/13, p.A7)
2013 Oct 23, A Kenya court
sentenced 4 Somali pirates sentenced to seven years each in prison
after they were found guilty of hijacking a fishing dhow in the
Indian Ocean in 2010.
2013 Oct 26, Somali security
forces shut down one of the country’s most respected independent
radio stations in Mogadishu, accusing it of illegally occupying a
government building. Journalist Mohamed Mohamud (26) died in
hospital after being attacked by gunmen, bringing to 7 the number of
journalists killed in Somalia this year. Unidentified gunmen in a
car shot at Mohamud as he drove to work on Oct 22 in the Wadajir
district of Mogadishu.
(AFP, 10/26/13)(AP, 10/27/13)
2013 Oct 28, In Somalia
Ibrahim Ali Abdi (aka Anta-Anta), a top suicide bomb-maker for
Shebab rebels, was among 3 people killed in a drone strike on a
2013 Oct 31, Kenyan warplanes
destroyed a Shebab rebel camp in southern Somalia used to train
gunmen who attacked Nairobi's Westgate shopping mall in September.
2013 Nov 4, Interpol and the
Stolen Asset Recovery Project released a report on how Somali pircay
is financed. “Pirate Trails: Tracking the Illicit Financial Flows
from Pirate Activities off the Horn of Africa" was backed by the UN
and World Bank.
(Econ, 11/2/13, p.53)
2013 Nov 5, Somali money
transfer company Dahabshiil welcomed a temporary injunction by a
British court allowing its lifeline services to continue,
transferring funds dwarfing levels of foreign aid to the war-torn
2013 Nov 8, In Somalia a huge
blast outside a top hotel in Mogadishu killed at least 4 people. Al
Shabaab rebels soon claimed responsibility.
(AP, 11/9/13)(Reuters, 11/9/13)
2013 Nov 9, A tropical cyclone
hit Somalia's semi-autonomous Puntland region. As many as 300 people
were feared dead. Hundreds remained unaccounted for as the
government and declared a natural disaster emergency.
(Reuters, 11/11/13)(AFP, 11/13/13)
2013 Nov 10, The governments of
Kenya and Somalia signed a deal with the UN’s High Commission for
Refugees to facilitate voluntary returns.
(Econ, 11/30/13, p.48)
2013 Nov 19, In Somalia
al-Qaida-linked Shebab militants detonated a car bomb at the
entrance to a police station in Beledweyne near the Somalia-Ethiopia
border, then opened fire with assault rifles and rocket-propelled
grenades, an attack that left at least 28 people dead.
2013 Nov 21, The UN in Somalia
called for a "proper investigation" after police arrested an alleged
rape victim and the journalists who reported her story for
2013 Dec 2, Somalia's
parliament voted to sack PM Abdi Farah Shirdon and his Cabinet in a
no-confidence vote, after a row with the president that has
paralyzed the state and threatened a shaky recovery from war.
(Reuters, 12/2/13)(SFC, 12/3/13, p.A2)
2013 Dec 5, In Somalia at least
8 people were killed when a suicide car bomber rammed a convoy in
the northern port of Bossasso, a Puntland region harboring
Al-Qaeda-linked Shebab insurgents where tensions are high ahead of
elections in January.
2013 Dec 6, Somali lawmaker
Feisal Warsame Mohamed was killed when a car bomb blew up his
vehicle outside the prime minister's office in Mogadishu.
2013 Dec 9, A Somali court
sentenced to jail a woman (19) who said she was raped and two
journalists who broadcast her story, saying they were guilty of
defamation and insulting state institutions. The woman, who is also
a journalist, was handed a suspended six-month jail sentence for
defamation and lying, during which time she will be confined to her
2013 Dec 18, In Somalia
fighters shot dead 3 Syrian doctors and their 3 Somali colleagues as
they travelled to a hospital outside Mogadishu.
2013 Dec 21, Somalia's
parliament approved as the new prime minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed,
a political newcomer and economist who faces tough challenges in the
2013 Dec 27, In Somalia at
least 10 people were killed in an explosion in a restaurant in
(AFP, 12/27/13)(SFC, 12/28/13, p.A2)
2013 James Fergusson authored
“The World’s Most Dangerous Place: Inside the Outlaw State of
(Econ, 6/8/13, p.87)
2013 Jarle Hansen authored
“Al-Shabab in Somalia: The History and Ideology of a Militant
(Econ, 6/8/13, p.87)
2014 Jan 1, In Somalia
two car bombs exploded outside the Jazira Hotel in Mogadishu
that often is used by foreigners and government officials. A third
car bomb exploded as it was searched by security forces. At least 11
people were killed. Al-Shebab rebels claimed responsibility.
(AP, 1/1/14)(Reuters, 1/1/14)(AFP, 1/2/14)
2014 Jan 8, Officials in the
semi-autonomous Somalia region of Puntland confirmed Abdiweli
Mohammed Ali Gaas, a former Somali prime minister, as the region's
(AP, 1/8/14)(AFP, 1/8/14)
2014 Jan 9, The Kenyan military
killed at least 30 Islamic militants in an airstrike on a militant
camp in Somalia.
2014 Jan 10, It was reported
that al-Shabab, Somalia's al-Qaida-linked group, has ordered telecom
companies to shut down mobile internet services over fears the US
can use the data to target militants.
2014 Jan 13, The US Supreme
Court rejected an appeal from Mohamed Ali Samantar, a former top
official in Somalia, who has been ordered to pay Somali torture
victims $21 million. Samantar, now living in Virginia, was a top
official in dictator Siad Barre's regime in the 1980s and early
2014 Jan 23, A Kenyan court
sentenced 24 Somalis to seven years each in prison for attempting to
hijack an Iranian merchant vessel, FV Ariya, in the Gulf of Oman in
2014 Jan 25, Somalia's Shebab
insurgents called for renewed attacks against foreign forces, after
arch-enemy Ethiopia joined the African Union force battling the
2014 Jan 25, Residents in parts
of Somalia under militant control said at least one cellular
telephone company has shut down data services in response to a
threat from al-Qaida-linked extremists.
2014 Jan 26, In southern
Somalia a US missile strike killed Ahmed Mohamed Amey, a chemicals
expert also known as Isku Dhuuq. He was a senior al Shabaab
commander who had masterminded suicide attacks by the al
Qaeda-linked militant group.
2014 Jan 29, In Somalia African
Union forces heralded a push into the heartland of militants in
(SFC, 2/20/14, p.46)
2014 Feb 10, In Somalia two car
bombs exploded in Mogadishu, wounding at least five people including
a government official.
2014 Feb 13, In Somalia at
least 6 people were killed in a suicide car bomb attack targeting a
UN convoy close to Mogadishu's heavily-fortified international
2014 Feb 18, Human Rights Watch
said Saudi Arabian authorities have deported more than 12,000
migrants held under "appalling conditions" back to their native
Somalia. The International Organization for Migration said the
Somali government expects Saudi Arabia to deport another 30,000
people in the coming weeks.
2014 Feb 21, In Somalia 9
al-Shabab militants wearing military fatigues and carrying guns and
grenades died after attacking the presidential palace with two car
bombs, in an assault the president called a "media spectacular" by a
"dying animal." 2 government officials were killed.
2014 Feb 27, In Somalia a car
bomb blast in a normally quiet Mogadishu neighborhood blew the
facade off a tea shop where intelligence officers are known to
congregate, killing at least 11 people.
2014 Mar 3, Uganda said it will
send about 400 extra troops to Somalia to protect UN personnel in
2014 Mar 9, Somali officials
said African peacekeepers (AMISOM) operating with government forces
have recaptured several strategic towns in the southwest from the
Al-Qaeda-linked Shebab militia. Witnesses reported fierce fighting
2014 Mar 17, In Somalia a
suicide bomber rammed a car packed full of explosives into a hotel
in Buulo Berde, days after it was recaptured from the
Al-Qaeda-linked Shebab. At least 8 people were killed. 4 attackers
were also reported killed.
2014 Mar 26, Somali government
forces fighting alongside African Union troops said they had taken
back control of the key town of El-Bur, driving Al-Qaeda-linked
Shebab rebels from a major central bastion.
2014 Mar 29, German magazine
Der Spiegel reported that the US National Security Agency kept more
than 300 reports on Chancellor Angela Merkel in a special databank
about scores of foreign heads of state. Other leaders listed in the
databank include the heads of Peru, Somalia, Guatemala, Colombia and
2014 Mar 30, The Seychelles
transferred nine Somali pirates to serve the remainder of their jail
sentences back home, taking the total transferred to more than 90.
2014 Apr 7, In Somalia two men
working for the United Nations were shot dead at Galkayo airport.
Former British police officer Simon Davis (57) and his French
colleague, researcher Clement Gorrissen (28), were working on links
between money transfer systems and piracy.
(Reuters, 4/7/14)(AFP, 4/9/14)
2014 Apr 9, Kenya expelled over
80 Somalis as security forces maintained a major crackdown on
suspected Islamists that has seen thousands rounded up in the
(AFP, 4/9/14)(SFC, 4/10/14, p.A2)
2014 Apr 21, In Somalia Isaq
Mohamed Rino, a legislator in parliament, was killed after a bomb
planted under his car exploded in Mogadishu.
2014 Apr 22, In Somalia two
gunmen belonging to an Islamic extremist group shot and killed
legislator Abdiaziz Isaq Mursal as he stepped out of his home in
2014 May 3, In Somalia at least
six people were killed in Mogadishu, including a senior city council
official, when a remotely controlled bomb planted by al Shabaab
insurgents exploded on a busy street.
2014 May 5, A yacht and a
dinghy crammed with immigrants trying to enter Greece capsized in
the eastern Aegean Sea, leaving at least 22 dead, including 4
children, and potentially several more missing. 36 survivors were
identified as 23 Somalis, nine Syrians and three Eritreans.
2014 May 19, In northeast Kenya
Somali militants killed 12 people including 3 police reservists in a
border ambush for which Al-Shabab claimed responsibility.
(SFC, 5/20/14, p.A2)
2014 May 24, In Somalia
al-Shabab militants stormed the parliament in Mogadishu. At least 7
people were killed including 6 attackers.
(Reuters, 5/24/14)(SSFC, 5/25/14, p.A4)
2014 May 27, In Somalia a
Turkish man, Saadettin Dogan, was shot dead in Mogadishu when gunmen
attacked the car he was traveling in with a senior manager from
2014 May 31, Sixty migrants
from Somalia and Ethiopia and two Yemeni crew members drowned in the
Red Sea in the worst such tragedy off the coast of Yemen this year.
2014 Jun 2, Somali and African
Union troops began carrying out a major security swoop in Mogadishu,
arresting dozens of suspected Shebab militants believed to have
infiltrated the capital.
2014 Jun 2, A Yemeni
security official and witnesses said the bodies of dozens of illegal
immigrants, mostly from Somalia and Ethiopia, have been found on
western beaches after their boat capsized in the Red Sea. The bodies
started turning up on May 30.
2014 Jun 11, UNICEF reported
that Somalia is suffering an outbrteak of measles with 1,350
suspected cases reported in March and April.
(SFC, 6/12/14, p.A2)
2014 Jun 18, In Somalia a
doctor and a nurse were killed and seven others wounded when a car
bomb exploded at a hospital in Mogadishu.
(AFP, 6/18/14)(SFC, 6/19/14, p.A2)
2014 Jun 19, Kenyan fighter
jets attacked two bases belonging to Islamist al Shabaab insurgents
in Somalia and killed at least 80 militants. Al Shabaab rebels
denied any of its fighters had been killed.
2014 Jun 21, In Somalia a bomb
planted under the car seat of Yusuf Keynan, a journalist for
Mustaqbal radio, exploded and killed him.
2014 Jun 26, In Somalia a
suicide bomber and gunmen killed 3 people, including 2 soldiers,
when they attacked the Amalow Hotel housing African Union and Somali
forces near in Bulo-Burte town.
2014 Jun 29, In Somalia
Islamist rebels shot dead 3 members of the security forces in
Mogadishu on the first day of Ramadan.
2014 Jun 30, In Somalia 2
people were killed after a land mine exploded at a business center
in the northern outskirts of Mogadishu.
2014 Jun 30, China said it will
re-open its embassy in Mogadishu 23 years after evacuating its
diplomats as Somalia plunged into civil war.
2014 Jul 1, In Somalia Al
Shabaab militants shot dead 3 soldiers in Mogadishu, their fourth
attack since the start of the Ramadan fasting month that the
Islamists have threatened to target.
2014 Jul 2, US officials said
US military advisors have secretly operated in Somalia since around
2007 and that Washington plans to deepen its security assistance to
help the country fend off threats by Islamist militant group al
2014 Jul 3, A Somali lawmaker
and his bodyguard were killed in Mogadishu when al Shabaab gunmen
blocked their car and sprayed it with bullets, the fifth such attack
in as many days.
2014 Jul 5, In Somalia 4 people
were killed when a car laden with explosives blew up near the
parliament building in Mogadishu. Al-Shabab claimed responsibility.
2014 Jul 8, In Somalia three of
four extremist attackers were shot dead by soldiers after they
forced their way into the presidential palace in Mogadishu. The
fourth militant was wounded.
2014 Jul 9, Somalia's
government fired the police and intelligence chiefs a day after
Islamic militants attacked the heavily guarded presidential palace
2014 Jul 15, In Somalia more
than 200 suspects were arrested in a security sweep aimed at
stemming a wave of militant attacks in Mogadishu. Two Shebab
militants, who allegedly confessed to killing a student who worked
for an NGO, were publicly executed in Mogadishu.
(AP, 7/15/14)(AFP, 8/3/14)
2014 Jul 16, In Somalia one
soldier was killed and two others injured in a car bomb explosion
near the town of Qoryoley west Mogadishu.
2014 Jul 17, In Somalia one
person died and another was seriously wounded when an explosive
device attached to their car was remotely detonated in Mogadishu.
2014 Jul 23, In Somalia member
of parliament Saado Ali Warsame, believed to be in her 70s, was shot
dead in Mogadishu by Islamist gunmen. She was famed for
political and patriotic songs she sang over decades.
2014 Jul 24, In southern
Somalia African Union fighter jets pounded the town of Jilib in the
Middle Juba region, part of the offensive by the 22,000-strong
UN-backed AU mission in Somalia (AMISOM). 2 senior Al-Shebab
commanders were killed: Issa Mohamed Dhoore, who had been reportedly
a "liaison officer" between foreign and Somali fighters and Sharif
2014 Jul 31, In Somalia a
member of Parliament was assassinated by Shebab guerrillas in
Mogadishu, the fifth this year.
2014 Aug 3, Somalia executed 3
suspected Shebab Islamic militants by firing squad in Mogadishu. At
least 3 women were killed and several others injured in Mogadishu
after a bomb went off in a pile of rubbish.
2014 Aug 9, Somalia's hardline
Islamists said they fought intense battles with government and
African Union troops in the central Hiran region that left 18 people
dead on both sides.
2014 Aug 28, Somalia took its
maritime border dispute with Kenya to the United Nations' top court,
which could decide the fate of potentially lucrative oil and gas
reserves off east Africa. Somalia said the maritime frontier should
follow on in the same direction as the land border, while Kenya
argued that it has always been taken in a horizontal line from the
point where the two countries meet at the coast.
(AFP, 8/29/14)(BBC, 3/14/21)
2014 Aug 30, In Somalia African
Union forces claimed to have liberated Bulomarer, a former Shebab
stronghold, as part of a joint offensive with government troops
aimed at capturing key ports from the Islamist fighters.
2014 Aug 31, In Somalia
Islamist rebels blew up a car bomb and gunmen attacked a national
intelligence site in Mogadishu where suspected militants were held,
in an assault that left at least 7 Shebab militants and 4 others
(Reuters, 8/31/14)(AFP, 8/31/14)
2014 Sep 1, In southern Somalia
US military forces targeted Al Shabab leader Ahmed Godane in an
operation in the Lower Shabelle region. 6 militants were reported
killed. On Sep 5 the Pentagon confirmed that Godane was killed in
(Reuters, 9/2/14)(AP, 9/2/14)(Reuters, 9/5/14)
2014 Sep 2, Somalia's
government offered an amnesty to fighters with al-Shabab.
Authorities gave al-Shabab militants 45 days to take up the offer.
2014 Sep 3, Somali and African
troops captured Jalalaqsi from Shebab Islamists during a major
2014 Sep 6, Somalia's Islamic
extremist rebels, al-Shabab, named a new leader, Ahmad Umar (aka Abu
Ubaidah), after confirming the killing of their previous leader by a
2014 Sep 8, Somalia's Islamist
rebel group al-Shabaab bombed African Union peacekeepers and
government vehicles in twin attacks that left at least 12 civilians
2014 Sep 8, Human Rights Watch
said Internationally-funded African Union troops in Somalia (AMISOM)
have raped women and girls as young as 12 and traded food aid for
2014 Sep 23, Somali pirates
freed Michael Scott Moore. Negotiators paid a $1.6 million ransom
for the release of the German-American journalist who was kidnapped
and held for two years and eight months.
2014 Sep 25, In Somalia 6
people were reported killed in a gunfight over a $2 million ransom
payment tied to the release of journalist Michael Scott Moore, held
hostage for more than two years. A police official the next day said
3 pirates were killed in the fight over the ransom money.
(Reuters, 9/25/14)(AP, 9/26/14)
2014 Sep 26, Somali al Shabaab
militants stoned a woman to death in the southern town of Barawe
after a court they had set up declared her guilty of adultery.
2014 Oct 5, Somali troops
backed by African peacekeepers recaptured Barawe, the last major
port held by the Shebab, removing a key source of revenue for the
2014 Oct 12, In Somalia a car
bomb exploded outside a café in Mogadishu killing 11 people. Gunmen
shot and seriously wounded Abdirisak Jama, a Somali journalist
working for a London-based television channel, in an attack outside
his home in Mogadishu.
(AFP, 10/12/14)(SFC, 10/13/14, p.A2)
2014 Oct 15, In Somalia a car
bomb close to the presidential palace detonated as a group of
children were walking by. 5 people were killed and 7 wounded.
(SFC, 10/16/14, p.A2)
2014 Oct 18, Kenyan and Somali
soldiers killed five suspected Islamic extremist bombers attempting
to cross into the country from Ethiopia in a car laden with
explosives and six suicide vests.
2014 Oct 25, In Somalia at
least one person was killed and several others wounded in a car
bombing outside a hotel in Mogadishu.
2014 Oct 26, In Somalia 2 men
convicted of murdering a journalist and a security official were
executed in public in Mogadishu.
2014 Oct 27, UN chief Ban
Ki-moon announced at the start of a visit to Ethiopia that the EU
and several regional development banks have pledged $8 billion in
development aid for projects across eight countries in the Horn of
Africa. Countries targeted are Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya,
Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, and Uganda.
(AFP, 10/27/14)(AP, 10/27/14)
2014 Nov 6, Uganda's military
said it has suspended 15 soldiers who were peacekeepers in Somalia
over various allegations of misconduct.
2014 Nov 17, In Somalia at
least two people were killed in clashes in the town of Baidoa.
Hundreds of demonstrators had taken to the streets, burning tires
and attacking vehicles, in a bid to stop elections for the local
president of the federal South West state based in Baidoa.
2014 Nov 17, In Somalia gunmen
shot and killed Abdullahi Ali Anshur (60). The Somali-American from
Minnesota had left a well-paying job in the US to help the fledgling
city government in Mogadishu.
2014 Nov 22, Somalia's al
Shabaab Islamists staged an attack in Kenya in which gunmen ordered
non-Muslims off a bus and shot 28 dead, while sparing Muslim
passengers outside Mandera town. Kenya’s military responded with air
strikes that destroyed the attackers’ camp in Somalia and reportedly
killed over 100 militants.
(Reuters, 11/22/14)(SSFC, 11/23/14, p.A5)(SFC,
2014 Dec 2, In northeast Kenya
Somali al Shabaab Islamist militants killed 36 non-Muslim workers at
a quarry near the Somali border. Thus prompted Pres. Uhuru Kenyatta
to sweep out his top security officials to tackle a relentless wave
2014 Dec 3, In Somalia a
suicide bomber rammed his vehicle into a UN convoy near Mogadishu's
airport, killing 3 people.
2014 Dec 4, A Kenyan military
aircraft crashed in the region of the southern Somali city of
Kismayu due to technical problems after a combat mission.
2014 Dec 6, Somali PM Abdiweli
Sheikh Ahmed, who has been at odds with the president for several
months, lost a confidence vote in parliament, amid warnings that the
political turmoil and power struggles could spoil efforts to
-establish the war-torn country.
2014 Dec 25, Somali Islamist
militants al Shabaab attacked the main African Union peacekeeping
base in Mogadishu, and reported killing 14 people. Security forces
foiled the attack and 4 fighters from Somalia's Al-Qaeda-linked
Shebab rebels were killed and another four captured. 3 soldiers from
the union's local peacekeeping mission known as AMISOM and a
civilian contractor were killed in the attack.
(Reuters, 12/25/14)(AFP, 12/26/14)
2014 Dec 27, A Somali
government source said Zakariya Ismail Ahmed Hersi, a leader of
Somali Islamist group al Shabaab with a $3 million US bounty on his
head, has surrendered.
2014 Dec 29, In Somalia
Abdishakur (aka Tahliil), a leader of the Somali militant group al
Shabaab, was killed by a US airstrike. He was the head of Amniyat, a
unit blamed for suicide attacks in Mogadishu.
2015 Jan 4, In Somalia a car
bomb targeting security officials exploded in Mogadishu, and was
followed by shooting. An al Shabaab car bomb killed four people in
(Reuters, 1/4/15)(Reuters, 1/7/15)
2015 Jan 6, In Somalia a car
bomb critically injured a university lecturer in Mogadishu. Shebab
militants executed 4 people accused of spying for the US, Ethiopia
and the country's internationally-backed government.
(Reuters, 1/7/15)(AFP, 1/7/15)
2015 Jan 14, In Puntland, a
region of northern Somalia, Islamist fighters killed at least two
officers at a police post in Basasso port town, as the militants,
driven out of areas further south, make more frequent attacks in the
2015 Jan 22, In Somalia at
least 5 people were killed in a suicide car bombing against a hotel
in Mogadishu, where Turkey’s Pres. Erdogan was due to arrive a day
2015 Jan 27, In Somalia
Zakariya Ismail Ahmed Hersi, a former top commander from the
Al-Qaeda-affiliated Shebab rebels, called on his former comrades to
follow his lead and surrender to the country's
2015 Jan 29, UN experts said
over 38,000 Somali children are at "high risk" from dying from
starvation despite hunger levels improving by almost a third across
the war-torn nation.
2015 Jan 31, In Somalia a
missile hit the Islamist-held stronghold of Dinsoor, 270 km (170
miles) west of the capital Mogadishu. Several Shebab militants were
2015 Feb 4, The Somali
government said a US missile strike last week killed Islamist group
al Shabaab's mastermind behind attacks at home and abroad. A day
earlier the US said it had launched the drone strike to kill Yusef
Dheeq, Shabaab's chief of external operations.
2015 Feb 7, In Puntland at
least 2 people were killed when Somali militants al Shabaab attacked
the house of a senior police official in the semi-autonomous region.
2015 Feb 9, Somali lawmakers
approved a new cabinet, hours after Shebab insurgents assassinated a
colleague as he made his way to parliament.
2015 Feb 13, An Italian court
sentenced Somali trafficker Mouhamud Elmi Muhidin (34) to 30 years
in prison. He had raped and attacked migrants he had led through the
desert to Libya to make the perilous crossing to Italy in October
2015 Feb 20, In Somalia
Islamist rebels detonated a car bomb at the entrance of a hotel in
Mogadishu and then stormed inside where politicians had gathered,
killing at least 25 people including a lawmaker and lightly wounding
two ministers. Al Shabaab claimed responsibility. Somali
intelligence sources the next day identified the bombers as Dutch
nationals Ismail Muse and Lula Ahmed Dahir.
(Reuters, 2/20/15)(AFP, 2/21/15)
2015 Feb 25, Somali pirates
released four Thai sailors who were held hostage for nearly five
years. They were sailors of the FV Prantalay 12 vessel, seized by
Somali pirates on April 18, 2010.
2015 Mar 12, In Somalia 6
policemen were killed when al Shabaab Islamist militants detonated a
car bomb outside a regional government headquarters in Baidoa. Five
Al-Qaeda-affiliated Shebab militants opened fire at the gate of the
high-security zone in Baidoa but were held off by Ethiopian and
Somali government troops. An Ethiopian soldier was killed, three of
the attackers blew themselves up, another was shot dead and the
fifth was shot and wounded, ending the attack.
(AP, 3/12/15)(Reuters, 3/12/15)
2015 Mar 12, In Somalia Adan
Garar, a senior Al-Shabaab commander who masterminded the Westgate
terrorist attack, was killed in a US drone attack along with two of
(http://tinyurl.com/mlj5t4z)(SFC, 3/13/15, p.A2)
2015 Mar 13, In northern Kenya
Islamic militants attacked the convoy of a governor, killing 3
people in the second attack on Governor Ali Roba's convoy in five
months. Al-Shabab militants from Somalia claimed responsibility for
2015 Mar 15, In northern Kenya
Somali Shebab militants killed one man and wounded three others in a
shooting in the town of Mandera.
2015 Mar 26, Jaber, an Iranian
fishing vessel believed to have up to 19 crew, was captured by
Somali pirates, along with another Iranian fishing vessel, Siraj.
Jaber and its crew escaped on August 27.
2015 Mar 27, In Somalia
suspected Islamist fighters stormed the popular Maka Al-Mukarramah
Hotel in Mogadishu, trapping government officials inside. The attack
killed at least 24 people, including six attackers.
(Reuters, 3/27/15)(AP, 3/28/15)
2015 Apr 6, The Kenyan air
force said it has destroyed two al Shabaab camps in Somalia, in the
first major military response since the Islamist group massacred
students at Kenya’s Garissa University last week.
2015 Apr 8, Kenya froze key
money transfer companies vital for Somalia after the police chief
issued a list of 85 people and businesses with suspected links to
the Al-Qaeda-linked Shebab.
2015 Apr 11, Kenya gave the
United Nations three months to remove a camp housing more than half
a million Somali refugees, as part of a get-tough response to the
killing of 148 people by Somali gunmen at a Garissa University.
2015 Apr 14, In Somalia 10
people were killed in an assault on the Mogadishu offices of the
education ministry. 7 attackers were also killed.
2015 Apr 18, Somalia's Shebab
shot dead a lawmaker in Mogadishu. Adan Haji Hussein, a visiting MP
in the semi-autonomous northern Puntland region, was killed “for
being a member of the apostate administration."
2015 Apr 19, Somalia's Shebab
militants killed 3 soldiers from the African Union force fighting
them Lower Shabelle district.
2015 Apr 20, Somali militant
group al Shabaab bombed a minivan carrying staff to a UN office in
the semi-autonomous Puntland region, killing 9 people including 4
from the global body's children's fund UNICEF.
2015 Apr 21, In Somalia at
least 10 people were killed and over a dozen wounded in a car bomb
blast outside a popular restaurant in the center of Mogadishu.
2015 Apr 23, In Somalia a
senior military officer was shot dead in Mogadishu. Al Shabaab
militants claimed responsibility.
2015 Apr 25, In Somalia gunmen
shot dead a former lawmaker and two city council officials. Al
Shabaab claimed responsibility.
2015 Apr 26, In Somalia and a
senior prison officer was killed near the Bakara market in
Mogadishu. Al Shabaab claimed responsibility.
2015 May 4, Somalia's al
Shabaab militants stormed a police station in the country's
semi-autonomous region of Puntland and killed 3 policemen.
2015 May 23, In southern
Somalia fighting between al Shabaab militants and government forces
killed at least 24 people overnight. Al Shabaab said 25 soldiers
were killed. A rebel attack in Mogadishu killed 3 Transport Ministry
2015 May 25, In Kenya Islamist
militants from Somalia attacked two police patrols, triggering a gun
battle near Yumbis. The militants claimed in a statement that at
least 20 police were killed, although Kenyan authorities said that
only one officer died and four others were wounded.
2015 May 27, In Somalia Sheikh
Hassan Abdulahi Turki (aka Hassan Turki), a leading figure in the
Somali-based Al-Qaeda-affiliated Shebab movement, died in the Middle
Juba region south of Mogadishu. The Ethiopian-born former soldier
was a veteran Islamist who played a series of leading roles in
Somalia's civil war.
2015 Jun 11, Kenya said it has
set a goal to get 100,000 Somali refugees to return home voluntarily
by the end of the year.
2015 Jun 16, In Somalia at
least three government soldiers were killed and three others wounded
in a roadside bomb explosion outside the capital Mogadishu.
2015 Jun 18, Kenya's president
ordered the central bank to issue regulations and then lift
restrictions on key money transfer services vital for Somalia
suspended over suspected links to the Al-Qaeda-allied Shebab.
2015 Jun 20, In Somalia gunmen
from the Islamist group al Shabaab killed at least 8 officers in a
raid early today on a police station near Mogadishu.
2015 Jun 21, A Somali soldier
and 4 militants were killed as an al-Qaida-linked extremist group
tried to attack a training compound used for intelligence officials
2015 Jun 22, Somalia's security
agency said it carried out a night raid on key targets inside a
Shebab-controlled town in southern Somalia, targeting "senior"
2015 Jun 24, Somalia's Shebab
insurgents killed 9 people in a suicide attack on a diplomatic
convoy from the United Arab Emirates in Mogadishu.
2015 Jun 26, In Somalia dozens
of soldiers were killed when Shebab insurgents overran an African
Union base in Lego village.
2015 Jul 10, In Somalia at
least 6 civilians and 4 militants were killed when al Shabaab
Islamists attacked the Siyad and Weheliye hotels in the center of
(Reuters, 7/11/15)(SFC, 7/11/15, p.A2)
2015 Jul 15, In south-central
Somalia a US drone strike destroyed a vehicle belonging to al
Shabaab militants. The attack targeted al-Shabab commander Ismael
Jabhad and three other fighters near Bardhere. Kenya said at least
30 Shebab militants were killed.
(Reuters, 7/16/15)(AFP, 7/16/15)(SFC, 7/17/15,
2015 Jul 17, In southern
Somalia African Union troops launched Operation Jubba Corridor, a
new offensive against Al-Qaeda-affiliated Shebab rebels, vowing to
flush the insurgents out of rural areas.
2015 Jul 21, In Somalia Ugandan
troops with AMISOM, which fights alongside Somali government forces
against the Shebab, an al-Qaeda affiliate, massacred 6 men in "cold
blood" at a wedding after a bomb attack. Three AMISOM soldiers were
later indicted for their role in the killings.
2015 Jul 25, In Somalia gunmen
sprayed the car of MP Abdulahi Hussein Mohamud with gunfire as he
traveled through a southern district of Mogadishu, killing him, his
two guards and the driver.
2015 Jul 26, In Somalia at
least 15 people were killed when al Shabaab Islamist militants drove
a car packed with explosives at the gate of the Jazeera hotel in
(Reuters, 7/26/15)(AP, 7/27/15)
2015 Jul 31, Britain's Serious
Fraud Office (SFO) said it has opened a criminal investigation into
Soma Oil and Gas following allegations of corruption in Somalia. On
August 3 Soma, a private company chaired by Lord Michael Howard,
denied paying more than half a million dollars to Somali government
officials to protect an oil exploration deal signed in 2013.
2015 Aug 15, In Somalia Ahmed
Madobe was elected as president of Jubbaland for four more years by
members of the regional parliament, which has defied a government
decision in June to disband it on the grounds it was
unrepresentative and dominated by hand-picked members of Madobe's
2015 Aug 22, In Somalia Islamic
extremist suicide bombers killed at least 10 soldiers in an
explosion at a military camp in the southern port city of Kismayo.
Two militants in the attack were killed and two more suspected
militants were arrested.
2015 Sep 1, In southern Somalia
Al-Shabab overran an African Union base early today in the small
farming town of Janale. Al-Shabab said it killed about 50 AU troops
from Uganda at the base. Another 50 troops were missing. A Uganda
later said 12 soldiers were killed in the attack.
(AP, 9/1/15)(AFP, 9/2/15)(SFC, 9/4/15, p.A2)
2015 Sep 5, In southern Somalia
al Shabaab Islamist militants said they have seized control of two
towns, El Saliindi and Kuntuwarey, over the last two days and
attacked two African Union (AU) convoys in the same region.
2015 Sep 6, In central Somalia
Al Shabaab took control of populous Buqda town after African Union
forces left the area.
2015 Sep 8, The US mission to
war-torn Somalia began work without an ambassador or an embassy and
based in neighboring Kenya.
2015 Sep 11, Kenya announced a
new security operation aimed at ousting Islamic extremists from a
forest along the border with Somalia.
2015 Sep 18, In Somalia 12
government soldiers were killed in an attack by Al-Qaeda-affiliated
Shebab militants at the military base in the Yaq-Bariweyne area.
Several of the militants were also killed during the fighting.
2015 Sep 21, In Somalia 5
people were killed in a suicide car bombing at the presidential
palace in Mogadishu. The blast was claimed by the Islamic extremists
of al-Shabab. 2 Polish citizens were among the 3 foreigners killed.
2015 Sep 28, Britain’s PM David
Cameron says more than 300 British troops will be deployed to South
Sudan and Somalia as part of peacekeeping efforts to counter Islamic
2015 Oct 7, In Somalia Islamic
extremist rebels killed two men including the president's nephew in
a drive-by shooting in Mogadishu.
2015 Oct 25, Kenya's military
says it has destroyed a base in Somalia operated by the Islamic
extremist rebels of al-Shabab and killed 15 of its fighters in a
2015 Nov 1, In Somalia security
forces Mogadishu fought for several hours before clearing a hotel of
Islamist al Shabaab gunmen who had stormed the building after two
bombs ripped into it. At least 13 people were killed.
2015 Nov 6, In Somalia Mohamed
Abdullahi Hassan, a Minnesota man and lawful permanent resident of
the US but not an American citizen, surrendered to Somalia's federal
government. He had joined al-Shabab in Somalia more than seven years
2015 Nov 6, The UN warned that
over 90,000 people in war-torn southern Somalia have been hit by
weeks of severe flooding, almost half of them forced from their
2015 Nov 11, The United States
announced rewards worth a total $27 million for information on six
top commanders in the Somali Islamist militant group al Shabaab.
2015 Nov 12, Kenya's
Journalists for Justice said Kenyan forces fighting militants in
Somalia are taking cuts from charcoal and sugar smuggling, earning
themselves about $50 million a year and boosting an illegal trade
that helps fund the Islamists.
2015 Nov 16, In Somalia at
least 7 people were killed and 12 others wounded when a gunfight
broke out between rival security forces as they waited for cards for
food aid just outside Mogadishu.
2015 Nov 21, In southern
Somalia a suspected drone late today targeted a base belonging to al
Qaeda-affiliated al Shabaab insurgents, killing at least 5 fighters.
2015 Dec 7, In Somalia
Abdimalik Jones, an American who had been fighting with al-Shabab,
left the rebels and was arrested by Somalia's security forces in the
southern port of Barawe. Jones claimed he fled al-Shabab because of
rifts within the group.
2015 Dec 16, In Kenya al-Shabab
militants attacked a convoy on the Mpeketoni-Lamu road burning
vehicles and driving another police vehicle to Somalia. 2 people
were shot dead, including a police officer, in the coastal Lamu
2015 Dec 19, In Somalia a gun
attack on a government official in Mogadishu was followed shortly
afterwards by a car bombing that left at least 4 people killed and
2015 Dec 23, The government of
Somalia issued a ban on Christmas and New Year's celebrations in the
Muslim country, saying the festivities have nothing to do with
2015 Dec 24, Kenya's police
chief said about 200 Islamic extremist fighters have split from
Somalia's al-Shabab rebels, who are allied to al-Qaida, and have
instead pledged allegiance to the Islamic State group.
2016 Jan 2, Somali police said
a suicide bomber killed himself and one civilian in a bombing of a
restaurant in Mogadishu.
2016 Jan 7, Somalia cut
diplomatic ties with Iran and ordered all Iranian diplomats and
embassy staff out of the country within 72 hours.
2016 Jan 9, UN officials said
at least 10 people have died and over 1,000 fallen sick with cholera
in an outbreak among Somali refugees in the world's largest refugee
camp in Kenya.
2016 Jan 15, In southwestern
Somalia at least 63 Kenyan soldiers were killed when al-Shabab
Islamic fighters attacked an African Union base in the town of
El-Ade. On Jan 26 Kenya said its troops had vacated the camp, and
were now stationed nearby.
(AP, 1/15/16)(Reuters, 1/26/16)
2016 Jan 21, In Somalia at
least 17 people were killed in Mogadishu when five Islamist gunmen
set off bombs and stormed a popular beach-front restaurant late
2016 Feb 2, In Somalia a
suspected suicide bomber was sucked out of a Daallo Airlines plane.
Investigators believed a bomb probably caused the onboard explosion
that forced the Airbus A321 to return to Mogadishu for an emergency
landing. On May 30 a Somali military court sentenced 10 people it
said were behind the bomb blast.
(Reuters, 2/3/16)(Reuters, 5/30/16)
2016 Feb 5, Somalia's Shebab
insurgents retook their stronghold of Merka from African Union
troops who had held the key port since 2012. Three people were
killed in a car bomb targeting an airport official in Mogadishu, as
investigators probed an airplane blast experts fear was also a bomb.
2016 Feb 6, Somali government
troops backed by African Union peacekeepers recaptured the key port
of Merka from Shebab insurgents just one day after the Islamists
swept into the city.
2016 Feb 8, In southern Somalia
Mahad Karate, also known as Abdirahim Mohamed Warsame, was
reportedly killed along with 10 middle-level al-Shabab members by a
Kenyan airstrike on Nadris camp. Kenya’s army announced the attack
on Feb 18, but the Shehab dismissed the report.
2016 Feb 25, The Somali
Islamist group al Shabaab killed four people and injured eight
others in a mortar attack near the presidential palace in the
2016 Feb 26, In Somalia at
least 12 people were killed as twin blasts and gunfire rocked a
hotel and neighbouring park in central Mogadishu, in an attack
claimed by the Al-Qaeda-linked Shebab militants.
2016 Mar 1, In Somalia a
roadside bomb set by al Shabaab killed at least 5 soldiers and
injured eight others outside Mogadishu.
2016 Mar 3, In Somalia former
journalist Hassan Hanafi Haji, accused of belonging to an Islamic
extremist group, was sentenced to death for his role in the killing
of 5 Somali journalists.
(SFC, 3/4/16, p.A2)
2016 Mar 5, Somalia's
intelligence service cooperated with US in airstrikes that killed an
estimated 130 al-Shabab members.
(AP, 3/8/16)(AFP, 3/9/16)
2016 Mar 9, In Somalia US
troops took part in an overnight helicopter-borne special forces
raid against Shebab insurgents, killing more than 10 Islamic
extremists in Awdhegle town. At least three police officers died
when a car bomb exploded outside a tea shop in Mogadishu.
(AFP, 3/9/16)(SFC, 3/10/16, p.A2)
2016 Mar 14, Somali al Shabaab
fighters seized a small port in the semi-autonomous Puntland region,
the latest sign of a resurgence in activity by the Islamist
militants in the Horn of Africa nation.
2016 Mar 19, In Somalia Kenyan
military troops killed 21 fighters from the Islamic extremists of
al-Shabab in clashes in the southern city of Afmadow. 2 Kenyan
soldiers were killed by a roadside bomb in the incident.
(AP, 3/20/16)(SSFC, 3/20/16, p.A2)
2016 Mar 20, In southern
Somalia Kenyan soldiers reportedly killed another 13 militants near
2016 Mar 21, In Somalia Islamic
insurgents stormed a military base outside the capital Mogadishu
early today, claiming to have inflicted heavy casualties. Fighters
from the Al-Qaeda-affiliated Shebab overran the Laanta-Buro military
2016 Mar 31, In central Somalia
a suicide bombing killed at least 9 people and wounded 10 others at
a cafe near a hotel in the town of Galkayo.
2016 Mar 31, In Somalia a US
drone strike killed Hassan Ali Dhoore, a key leader of the al-Shabab
militant group, along with two others. Dhoore was involved in two
attacks in Mogadishu more than a year ago that killed more than 30
2016 Apr 9, In Somalia two
members of the Al-Qaeda-linked Shebab jihadist group were executed
in Mogadishu by firing squad for the murder of a journalist killed
by a car bomb last year.
2016 Apr 9, In Somalia at least
3 people including a child were killed in a car bomb blast outside a
restaurant in Mogadishu.
2016 Apr 11, In Somalia a car
bomb at local government headquarters in Mogadishu killed 5 people
and wounded five, in an attack claimed by Somali Islamist group al
Shabaab. Hassan Hanafi Haji, a former journalist who joined the
Islamic extremist group al-Shabab, was executed at a police academy
(Reuters, 4/11/16)(AP, 4/11/16)
2016 Apr 16, In Somalia the
African Union peacekeeping mission (AMISOM) accidentally killed 4
civilians after soldiers mistook them for Shebab fighters when they
failed to stop at a roadblock in the area of Buulo Mareer in the
Lower Shebelle region.
2016 May 1, In Somalia Al
Shabaab insurgents killed at least 11 government soldiers and retook
Runirgod, a town northeast of the capital Mogadishu, just one day
after it had fallen to government forces. Al Shabaab said its
fighters had killed 32 soldiers and captured three vehicles.
(AP, 5/1/16)(SFC, 5/2/16, p.A2)
2016 May 9, In Somalia Islamic
jihadists killed 3 police officers in a bomb and gun attack on a
police station in Mogadishu. A suicide car bomber and a gunman also
died as well as two civilians.
2016 May 11, Kenya’s interior
security minister said the government will close Dadaab refugee
camp. It held an estimated 328,000-344,000 refugees mostly from
Somalia and is often referred to as the world's largest camp.
(AP, 5/11/16)(Econ, 5/14/16, p.40)
2016 May 24, Kenyan troops in
Somalia killed 21 suspected al-Shabab extremists who were plotting
an ambush in southern Somalia.
2016 Jun 1, Somalia said
intelligence agents have killed Sheik Mohamed Mohamud aka Dulyadin,
who was the head of al Shabaab's intelligence wing, known as
Amniyat. The commander was suspected of organizing the 2015 attack
on Kenya's Garissa University that left 148 people dead.
(Reuters, 6/1/16)(AFP, 6/19/16)
2016 Jun 1, In Somalia Shabaab
gunmen stormed the Ambassador Hotel in central Mogadishu. Over the
next 12 hours they killed at least 15 people including two members
of parliament in the latest attack by the Al-Qaeda group. All the
gunmen were killed by the security forces.
(AFP, 6/2/16)(SFC, 6/3/16, p.A2)
2016 Jun 3, In Somalia Turkish
President Recep Tayyip Erdogan opened a new Turkish embassy in
Mogadishu on his third visit to the country.
2016 Jun 9, In central Somalia
at least 30 Ethiopian troops were killed in a suicide bomb attack on
a base for African Union peacekeepers. The African Union AMISOM
force fighting in Somalia said its troops repelled an attack on one
of its bases by the al Shabaab Islamist group and killed 110
(AP, 6/9/16)(Reuters, 6/9/16)
2016 Jun 10, In Somalia Shabaab
jihadists publicly executed six men they accused of spying,
including one they claimed helped kill their supreme leader in a US
2016 Jun 20, Somalia's al
Shabaab militants killed 5 police officers in a border region in
2016 Jun 24, Uganda's military
chief said the country plans to withdraw its more than 6,000 troops
from the African Union force in Somalia by December 2017. The
Ugandans are the largest troop contingent in the AU force trying to
protect the Somali government from the extremist group al-Shabab.
2016 Jun 25, Somalia's al
Shabaab Islamist group launched a suicide bomb attack on the
Nasa-Hablod Hotel in the center of Mogadishu before militant
fighters stormed the building. A junior minister was among 15 people
killed in the attack. 4 attackers died in the assault.
(Reuters, 6/25/16)(AFP, 6/26/16)(SFC, 6/27/16,
2016 Jul 6, The African Union
said it plans to pull its soldiers out of Somalia where they are
fighting jihadists by December 2020.
2016 Jul 26, In Somalia at
least 13 people were killed in twin bombings near UN and African
Union buildings adjoining Mogadishu's airport. The jihadist Shabaab
group claimed the bombings as a suicide attack.
2016 Jul 31, In Somalia 6
people were killed in a gun and car-bomb assault on a police
building in the center of Mogadishu. 7 assailants were also left
2016 Aug 6, Somali Islamist
group al Shabaab shelled residential areas in the town of Baidoa,
west of the capital Mogadishu, hitting a hospital.
2016 Aug 21, In central Somalia
at least 17 people were killed and more than 30 others wounded in
two explosions in the town of Galkayo. A suicide bomber detonated an
explosives-laden vehicle at the gates of a local government
headquarters while another bomber targeted a nearby marketplace. The
Shabaab militant group claimed responsibilty for the blasts.
2016 Aug 26, Somalia's security
forces ended an overnight siege of the Benadir Beach restaurant in
Mogadishu by al-Shabab gunmen. The dead included six civilians, two
members of the security forces and two of the attackers.
2016 Aug 29, In Somalia al
Shabaab fighters attacked military bases housing government and
African Union troops south west of Mogadishu late today. One soldier
and 2 al Shabaab fighters were killed in the attack in K-50 and Muri
in the Lower Shabelle region.
2016 Aug 30, In Somalia at
least 15 people died when jihadists exploded a suicide car bomb
outside the popular SYL hotel close to the presidential palace in
2016 Sep 13, Somalia hosted
regional African heads of state for a summit that was the first of
its kind since the nation plunged into conflict in 1991. The one-day
meeting in Mogadishu of the Intergovernmental Authority on
Development (IGAD) included Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Uganda
2016 Oct 7, It was reported
that President Barack Obama has issued waivers that continue
millions of dollars in US military assistance for troubled South
Sudan and six other nations where child soldiers have been used,
disappointing advocates who say his administration hasn't made
curbing the use of children in combat a higher priority. Waivers
also have been granted to Somalia, Congo, Nigeria, Rwanda, Iraq and
2016 Nov 6, In Somalia a
week-old ceasefire between the forces of the semi-autonomous regions
of Galmudug and Puntland broke down as fighting over a disputed
border area erupted again, killing at least 19 soldiers.
2016 Nov 15, Amnesty
International said Kenya is coercing residents of the world's
largest refugee camp to leave it and return to Somalia where they
risk getting killed or forcibly recruited into the Islamic extremist
2016 Nov 19, Somalia's PM Omar
Sharmarke said he had secured a ceasefire between two warring
regions in the Horn of Africa nation, two weeks after a peace deal
collapsed leading to fighting that killed at least 29 people.
Sharmarke met Galmudug President Abdikarim Hussein Guled and
Puntland President Abdiweli Mohamed Ali over the last week and
witnessed a troop pull-back from the area where they clashed.
2016 Nov 26, In Somalia a car
bomb exploded near a police station in a busy market in Mogadishu,
killing at least 11 people and injuring 16 others.
2016 Nov 28, In Somalia
hundreds of pro-government forces began moving toward the port town
of Qandala for an offensive against Islamic State fighters who
seized it last month.
2016 Nov 28, In central Somalia
clashes between the Islamic extremist group al-Shabab and villagers
in the port town of Harardhere left six militants and four residents
killed in ongoing fighting over a demand for tax payments.
2016 Nov 28, Aid agencies said
a second poor rainy season in Somalia has pushed livestock herders
in the drought-hit Puntland region to trek an average of 60 km (40
miles) to fetch drinking water and called for rapid action to
prevent renewed famine.
2016 Nov 29, In northern
Somalia Islamist insurgents killed four pro-government soldiers and
injured 11 others when a roadside bomb destroyed a military pickup.
Al Shabaab claimed responsibility for the attack in the Galgala
2016 Dec 3, In northern Somalia
soldiers in Puntland allied to the Western-backed government killed
seven insurgents from a faction loyal to the Islamic State group.
The Puntland forces were attacked in the village of Bashaashin.
2016 Dec 5, In northern Somalia
soldiers allied to the Western-backed Somali government killed three
fighters loyal to the Islamic State in Puntland as they pressed
ahead toward the insurgents' main stronghold.
2016 Dec 7, In Somalia soldiers
loyal to the government retook control of Qandala port town from
insurgents who had declared allegiance to Islamic State.
2016 Dec 10, In Somalia a car
bomb killed at least two policemen when it exploded at a checkpoint
near Mogadishu. Al Shabaab claimed responsibility.
2016 Dec 11, In Somalia more
than 20 people were killed in a suicide truck bombing in Mogadishu,
in a fresh strike claimed by the Al-Qaeda-linked Shabaab group.
2016 Dec 15, In Somalia a bomb
blast killed five soldiers and injured a dozen other people in
Mogadishu, hours after a car bombing at a checkpoint. Al Shabaab
militants claimed the attack on the soldiers.
2016 Dec 18, In Somalia African
Union troops opened fire on a minibus in Qoryooley town in Lower
Shabelle region. All six passengers were killed. An AU armored
vehicle smashed into a home after a bomb attack targeted an army
convoy. A mother and four children were killed.
2016 Dec 27, Somalia swore in
new lawmakers after weeks of voting in a complex political process
seen as its most democratic election in nearly five decades, despite
2016 Andrew Harding authored
“The Mayor of Mogadishu: A Story of Chaos and Redemption in the
Ruins of Somalia."
(Econ, 11/19/16, p.72)
2017 Jan 2, In Somalia a
suicide bomber detonated an explosives-laden vehicle at a security
checkpoint near Mogadishu's international airport, killing at least
2017 Jan 17, The UN said
Somalia risks slipping back into famine, as worsening drought has
left millions without food, water or healthcare in a country
crippled by decades of war.
2017 Jan 24, In Somalia at
least four soldiers were killed and five wounded when a roadside
bomb that Islamist militant group al Shabaab said it planted
exploded outside a military camp in Afgoye near Mogadishu.
2017 Jan 25, In Somalia 28
people were killed when Al-Shabaab fighters attacked the popular
Dayah in Mogadishu, setting off two car bombs and opening fire on
security guards. 4 al-Shabab attackers were also killed.
(AFP, 1/25/17)(SFC, 1/26/17, p.A3)
2017 Jan 27, In Somalia the
al-Shabab extremist group attacked a Kenyan military base early
today. Kenya's military said nine soldiers were killed and
that more than 70 al-Shabab extremists were killed. Al-Shabab said
51 Kenyan soldiers were killed.
(AP, 1/27/17)(SFC, 1/28/17, p.A4)
2017 Feb 2, The United Nations'
highest court ruled that it has the authority to adjudicate in a
maritime boundary dispute between Kenya and Somalia over stretches
of the Indian Ocean potentially rich in oil and gas.
2017 Feb 5, Somalia's al-Shabab
extremist group killed four men accused of spying for the CIA and
the Kenya and Somali governments. The killings were carried out in a
public square in Jamame, Lower Jubba region
2017 Feb 8, In Somalia members
of the upper and lower houses of parliament elected former PM
Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo as president.
(SFC, 2/9/17, p.A2)
2017 Feb 9, Kenya's High Court
blocked the government's decision to close the Dadaab refugee camp
-- the world's largest -- and force Somali refugees to return home.
2017 Feb 16, In Somalia two
civilians were killed in an al-Shabab mortar attack outside the
presidential palace during a handover ceremony for the country's new
leader, President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed, also known as Farmajo.
2017 Feb 21, UNICEF said nearly
1.4 million children are at "imminent risk" of death in famines in
Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan and Yemen.
2017 Feb 22, Somalia's new
Pres. Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed was inaugurated, promising his
people that the era of al Shabaab and other Islamist militant groups
was over. He called on al Shabaab's thousands of fighters to
surrender, promising them "a good life" if they did.
2017 Feb 27, The Somali
government warned of a looming famine. The UN humanitarian office
said five million Somalis, out of a population of ten million, need
(SFC, 2/28/17, p.A2)
2017 Feb 27, In Somalia a huge
overnight fire engulfed Mogadishu’s main market, killing at least
2017 Feb 28, Somalia's new
President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed declared a national disaster for
a drought that threatens millions of people and is creating fears of
a full-blown famine.
2017 Mar 2, In Somalia at least
57 al-Shabab members were killed after African Union troops from
Kenya and Somali forces attacked one of its camps outside Afmadhow.
2017 Mar 4, Somalia's PM Hassan
Ali Khaire announced that 110 people have died from hunger in the
past 48 hours in a single region as a severe drought threatens
millions of people across the country.
2017 Mar 6, The European Union
approved plans for a military headquarters to coordinate overseas
security operations. The facility will initially run three
operations: civil-military training missions in Mali, the Central
African Republic and Somalia.
2017 Mar 6, US Pres. Donald
Trump signed a revised executive order temporarily banning people
from six Muslim-majority countries (Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan,
Syria and Yemen). The revision would become effective on March 16.
(SFC, 3/7/17, p.A1)(Econ, 3/11/17, p.29)
2017 Mar 7, UN Sec.-Gen.
Antonio Guterres urged int’l. support to alleviate Somalia’s
worsening hunger crisis.
(SFC, 3/8/17, p.A4)
2017 Mar 10, The UN warned that
the world is facing its worst humanitarian crisis since the end of
World War II, with more than 20 million people facing starvation and
famine in four countries (northeastern Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan
2017 Mar 13, In Somalia a
suicide car bomber detonated near a hotel in Mogadishu, killing at
least six people and injuring four others. The al-Qaida-linked
Islamic extremist group al-Shabab claimed responsibility.
2017 Mar 13, Pirates operating
off the coast of Somalia hijacked the Aris 13 oil tanker, marking
the first time since 2012 that a commercial vessel has been captured
by Somali pirates. Eight Sri Lankan crew members were taken captive.
2017 Mar 16, Somali pirates,
who had seized an oil tanker, opened fire on naval troops from the
semiautonomous state of Puntland sparking clashes between the two
sides. The pirates were continuing to receive reinforcements while
regional forces mobilized nearby. The pirates released the ship and
its crew late today.
(AP, 3/16/17)(SFC, 3/17/17, p.A2)
2017 Mar 16, A military vessel
and a helicopter attacked a boat packed with Somali refugees late
today killing at least 42 people including women and children in the
Red Sea off the coast of Yemen. The refugees, carrying official
UNHCR documents, were on their way from Yemen to Sudan. 80 survivors
were brought to hospitals in Hodeidah. Shiite rebels accused the
Saudi-led air coalition of carrying out the attack. A confidential
UN report later said the attack was most likely carried out by the
(Reuters, 3/17/17)(AP, 3/17/17)(SFC, 3/18/17,
2017 Mar 21, In Somalia a car
bomb exploded at a military checkpoint near the presidential palace,
killing at least six people. Al-Shabab claimed responsibility.
2017 Mar 22, The International
Red Cross appealed for $400 million to help some 20 million people
facing famine or the risk of it in four conflict-ridden countries:
Somalia, Yemen, South Sudan and Nigeria.
(AP, 3/22/17)(Econ, 4/1/17, p.39)
2017 Mar 24, Puntland police
said pirates have seized control of a Somali fishing boat to use as
a base from which to attack larger ships.
2017 Mar 24, In Somalia a car
bomb blast near a restaurant and hotel in Mogadishu killed at least
one person and wounded two others.
2017 Mar 26, Kenyan troops in
Somalia killed 31 Islamist al Shabaab militants in a raid on two of
their bases in the southern Somali region of Jubbaland.
2017 Mar 29, Pres. Donald Trump
signed a directive declaring parts of Somalia an “area of active
hostilities," where warzone targeting rules will apply for at least
(SFC, 3/30/17, p.A4)
2017 Mar 31, Somali pirates
seized an Indian cargo ship and 11 crew members. The "Al Kausar" is
the third vessel to be hijacked in less than a month off Somalia’s
2017 Apr 5, In Somalia a
massive car bomb blast at a restaurant in Mogadishu killed at least
2017 Apr 6, Somalia's President
Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed replaced his security chiefs and called on
al Qaeda-linked al Shabaab insurgents to surrender within 60 days in
return for education and jobs.
2017 Apr 8, Somalia's
semi-autonomous Puntland region executed five people it said were
Islamist militants responsible for killing three senior government
officials last year.
2017 Apr 9, In Somalia a car
bomb targeting senior officials leaving a military base in Mogadishu
killed at least 15 people and destroyed a minibus carrying
civilians, in an attack claim by Islamist al Shabaab militants.
2017 Apr 9, The navies of India
and China carried out a joint operation to rescue the bulk carrier,
OS 35, a merchant ship hijacked the previous evening by Somali
pirates in the Gulf of Aden. The pirates had fled overnight.
2017 Apr 10, In Somalia a
suicide bomber wearing army uniform killed at least nine soldiers at
a camp outside Mogadishu. A government official was killed by a bomb
planted in his car in Mogadishu.
2017 Apr 10, In Somalia
regional security forces rescued the Indian cargo dhow Al Kausar.
Pirates who seized it on March 31 escaped with nine crew members as
bargaining chips. Somali forces the next day secured the surrender
of 10 members of the band and enlisted the parents of three others
to persuade them to give up.
2017 Apr 12, Somali security
forces clashed with pirates early today and freed nine seamen
kidnapped on the Indian Al Kausar cargo ship earlier this month.
2017 Apr 13, The UN said
cholera and acute diarrhea have killed more than 500 people and left
tens of thousands of others sick in drought-hit parts of Somalia
2017 Apr 14, The US Africa
Command said it is sending about 40 US troops to Somalia for
logistics training of Somalia’s army.
(SFC, 4/15/17, p.A2)
2017 Apr 16, Somali security
forces shot dead two Islamic extremist fighters who were involved in
a mortar attack in Mogadishu early today.
2017 Apr 16, A Somali official
said foreign naval forces in international waters off Somalia's
coast shot dead two pirates and wounded another when the bandits
attempted to hijack a ship. Six other pirates survived the attack
and escaped. Residents found two dead bodies left by the pirates
near the coast.
2017 Apr 21, Kenyan troops
killed 52 al Shabaab fighters in an attack on the militants' camp in
2017 Apr 23, In Somalia's
semiautonomous state of Puntland a roadside bomb in the remote town
of Galgala killed eight soldiers and injured three others.
2017 Apr 24, A military court
in Somalia executed four men it said were al Shabaab militants who
were behind a 2016 attack that killed 80 people.
2017 Apr 25, A military court
in Somalia executed a policeman who was accused of killing a
civilian and wounding the victim's two sons. Ali Buubo Mohamed was
sentenced to death last November.
2017 May 1, In central Somalia
Islamist militants publicly stoned one man to death and shot dead
another after both were accused of raping a girl.
2017 May 2, UNICEF said about
1.4 million children in Somalia are projected to suffer acute
malnutrition this year due to drought, 50 percent more than
estimated in January.
2017 May 4, In Somalia US Navy
SEAL Kyle Milliken (38) was killed and two were wounded in a clash
with al Shabaab militants, in what appeared to be the first American
casualties in the country since the 1993 "Black Hawk Down" disaster.
(Reuters, 5/5/17)(Reuters, 5/7/17)(SSFC, 5/7/17,
2017 May 5, Somali forces
killed al Shabaab chief, Moalim Osman Abdi Badil, and three fighters
in fighting in the Lower Shabelle region.
2017 May 8, At least three
Somali soldiers on a ordnance-clearing mission were killed by a
roadside bomb just 90 km (60 miles) north Mogadishu, from where
Islamists militants were routed six years ago.
2017 May 15, In northeast Kenya
gunmen from Somalia's al Shabaab militant group burst into a
government official's house and shot Dekow Abbey Sirat dead late
today. A number of his bodyguards also died in the attack.
2017 May 18, Somalia's al
Shabaab publicly cut off the right hands of two men on after a
sharia court convicted them of breaking into a shop and stealing
2017 May 23, The mayor of a
Puntland town said Somali pirates hijacked an unlicensed Iranian
fishing vessel to use as a base to attack bigger, more valuable
ships, part of an upsurge in attacks following years of relative
2017 Jun 5, In Somalia a
policeman died and several others were injured after a bomb blast in
Kismayu. The militant Islamist group al Shabaab claimed
2017 Jun 8, Officials said
heavily armed al-Shabab extremists have stormed a military base in
Somalia's semiautonomous state of Puntland, killing close to 70
people and wounding dozens more. Residents said civilians, including
women, were beheaded during the rampage.
2017 Jun 9, In Somalia at least
14 people, most of them civilians, were killed as soldiers clashed
over food aid in the drought-ravaged southwestern city of Baidoa,
where tens of thousands of people have streamed in seeking
2017 Jun 15, In Somalia Islamic
extremists in Mogadishu killed at least 31 people, many at
point-blank range, in an overnight siege of a popular pizza
restaurant before they were slain by security forces.
2017 Jun 20, In Somalia at
least 15 people were killed after a suicide car bomber posing as a
milk delivery van detonated at a district headquarters in Mogadishu.
The al-Qaida-linked al-Shabab extremist group quickly claimed
responsibility for the attack.
2017 Jun 22, In Somalia a car
bomb targeting a police station killed at least seven people in
Mogadishu. An al Qaeda-linked al Shabaab said it was behind the
2017 Jun 30, Somalia's
insurgency suffered a significant split after government officials
confirmed that they had sent troops to repel Islamist fighters
seeking to capture Mukhtar Robow Abu Mansur, one of their own
commanders. Robow fell out of favor with the insurgency in 2013 yet
remained outwardly loyal. Earlier this month, the US quietly removed
him from their list of sponsors of terror after five years.
2017 Jun, The United States
suspended a program paying Somali soldiers $100 monthly stipends
after the federal government refused to share responsibility for
receiving the payments with regional forces fighting al Shabaab.
2017 Jul 1, In Somalia a
roadside bomb struck a minibus north of Mogadishu late today,
killing two people and injuring six others.
2017 Jul 5, In Kenya Somali al
Shabaab militants killed three police officers during a raid on the
northeastern town of Pandanguo that sparked a day-long gunbattle.
Several militants were reported killed.
2017 Jul 8, US President Donald
Trump promised $639 million in funding for humanitarian programs,
including $331 million to help feed starving people in four
famine-hit countries - Somalia, South Sudan, Nigeria and Yemen.
Trump's pledge came during a working session of the G20 summit of
world leaders in Hamburg.
2017 Jul 29, In Somalia a US
drone strike killed a member of the al-Shabab extremist group. A
Somali intelligence official later said an al-Shabab leader was
targeted but it was not clear whether he had been killed.
2017 Jul 30, In Somalia a US
drone strike killed Ali Mohamed Hussein (aka Ali Jabal), a
high-level commander of the al-Shabab extremist group.
(SFC, 8/5/17, p.A5)
2017 Jul 30, In Somalia al
Shabaab insurgents clashed with troops from the African Union
peacekeeping mission killing at least eight soldiers. Al Shabaab
said it killed 39 soldiers. Hours earlier at least five people were
killed and ten wounded in Mogadishu when a car bomb detonated on a
(Reuters, 7/30/17)(AFP, 7/30/17)(SFC, 7/31/17,
2017 Aug 3, In Kenya Somalia's
al-Shabab Islamic extremist rebels killed a Kenyan policeman when
they attacked a police station in northern Mandera County, raising
security concerns over next week's national elections.
2017 Aug 11, In Somalia a
suicide bomber blew himself up in front of a mosque in the center of
Mogadishu. A soldier, who intercepted the attacker before he entered
the mosque, was also killed.
2017 Aug 13, In Somalia Mukhtar
Robow Abu Mansur, a deputy director of al-Shabab, was flown to
Mogadishu from Hudur following his surrender to the government.
(AP, 8/13/17)(Reuters, 8/13/17)
2017 Aug 17, In Somalia three
US air strikes over the last 24 hours killed seven al Shabaab
fighters in an operation conducted in cooperation with Somali
2017 Aug 25, In southern
Somalia ten civilians, including three children, were killed in a
raid by foreign and Somali forces on a farm in Barire village. The
US Africa Command supported an operation by the Somali army in the
area. On Aug 31 government officials said that blood money will be
paid to the families of the victims.
(AP, 8/25/17)(AP, 8/26/17)(Reuters, 8/31/17)
2017 Sep 3, In Somalia Al
Shabaab militants attacked a military base near the southern port
city of Kismayu early today. Shabab said 26 Somali soldiers were
killed in the incident, but that could not be confirmed by other
2017 Sep 5, In central Somalia
the US military in conjunction with Somalia's government forces
conducted an airstrike targeting al Shabaab fighters and killed
three of them.
2017 Sep 8, In Somalia four
civilians were killed when a suicide bomber blew himself up in
a restaurant in Baidoa town.
(SFC, 9/9/17 p.A2)
2017 Sep 10, In central Somalia
a suicide bomber blew himself up near a government office in
Beledweyne, the provincial capital of Hiran province, killing at
least six people.
2017 Sep 11, In Somalia at
least one person was killed and three others injured when a car bomb
went off in Mogadishu. Islamic extremist fighters killed four
government soldiers and briefly took the southern town of
(Reuters, 9/11/17)(AP, 9/11/17)
2017 Sep 13, In southern
Somalia US air strikes against the al Shabab, an al Qaeda-allied
Islamist group, killed six militants.
2017 Sep 16, In Somalia
fighting between the military and police backed by intelligence
forces killed nine people in Mogadishu. The fighting reportedly
occurred because police were wrongly informed that there were armed
militias in the area.
2017 Sep 18, Somalia’s
Southwestern state declared its support for Saudi Arabia and other
Arab countries that have cut ties with Qatar, in a new challenge to
Somalia's efforts to stay neutral in the dispute.
2017 Sep 28, In Somalia a car
bomb exploded near a bus stop Mogadishu, causing an unknown number
2017 Sep 30, The Turkish
government opened a military training base, its largest in Africa,
in the Somali capital, Mogadishu.
2017 Oct 5, The UN said Somali
refugees are fleeing war, cholera and hunger in Yemen, with 10,000
expected to return home to a country they escaped over conflict and
2017 Oct 14, In Somalia a hotel
was largely destroyed when a massive truck bomb exploded in
Mogadishu. The death toll soon rose more than 300 in the deadliest
ever attack in the Horn of Africa nation. The final death toll in
the massive truck bombing was 512 people, according to the committee
tasked with looking into the country's worst-ever attack. 62 people
(AP, 10/15/17)(Reuters, 10/16/17)(AP, 12/2/17)
2017 Oct 16, In Somalia The US
resumed its fight against extremist group al-Shabab with a drone
strike. The United States has about 400 troops in Somalia.
2017 Oct 21, Somalia's
president urged troops to prepare for a "state of war" against the
al-Shabab extremist group blamed for the country's deadliest attack,
as the toll reached 358 with dozens still said to be missing a week
after the truck bombing in Mogadishu.
2017 Oct 22, In Somalia a
roadside bomb killed six people, mostly women farmers, in an area
outside Mogadishu dominated by Islamist insurgents who have defied
public protests to end years of violence.
(AP, 10/22/17)(SFC, 10/23/17, p.A2)
2017 Oct 28, In Somalia a
suspected suicide car bomb exploded outside the Nasa-Hablod hotel in
Mogadishu, killing at least two people and wounding more than eight.
Gunfire continued at the site.
2017 Oct 29, Somalia's cabinet
voted to fire the police and intelligence chiefs in response to a
recommendation by Somalia's security minister Mohamed Abukar Islow
after two serious extremist attacks in the capital this month.
2017 Oct 29, Somali security
forces brought an end to the siege at the Nasa-Hablod hotel in
Mogadishu by five extremist attackers who stormed the building after
a suicide car bomber detonated an explosives-laden vehicle at the
entrance gate a day earlier. Troops killed three attackers and
captured two alive. The death toll rose to at least 29 people dead.
Al-Shabab claimed responsibility.
(AP, 10/29/17)(Reuters, 10/29/17)
2017 Nov 3, The US military for
the first time conducted air strikes against Islamic State fighters
in Somalia. The US Africa Command said two drone strikes killed
several terrorists in northeastern Somalia.
(SFC, 11/4/17, p.A2)(SSFC, 11/5/17, p.A4)
2017 Nov 4, The US ordered all
non-essential employees of its mission in Somalia to leave Mogadishu
because of “specific threat information" against them.
(SSFC, 11/5/17, p.A4)
2017 Nov 6, Somalia's Islamist
al Shabaab insurgency shot four men accused of spying in a public
execution which underscored the insurgents' control of swathes of
the country's southern region even as the government girds up for an
offensive against them.
2017 Nov 7, The African Union
said it has begun its withdrawal from Somalia. The 22,000 force was
expected to fully withdraw by 2020.
(SFC, 11/8/17, p.A2)
2017 Nov 8, A UN report said a
militant faction loyal to Islamic State (IS) has increased its
following in northern Somalia from a few dozen last year to up to
200 this year.
2017 Nov 10, In Somalia the
United States military carried out a new drone strike late today
against the al-Shabab extremist group, killing "several" militants.
2017 Nov 11, Somalia's
Information Minister Abdirahman Osman said 81 al-Shabab fighters
were killed in an operation by Somali security forces in Jilib
district, with the extremists' camp there destroyed.
2017 Nov 14, In Somalia the
United States military carried out an air strike against al Shabaab,
an al Qaeda-linked Islamist insurgency that wants to topple the
U.N.-backed government. Several militants were reported killed.
2017 Nov 21, The US military's
Africa Command (Africom) said it had killed more than 100 al
Qaeda-linked insurgents in the strike on a camp in Somalia 125 miles
(200 km) northwest of Mogadishu. Somalia's government said the next
day it had requested the air strike.
2017 Dec 7, A flight to Somalia
from Louisiana reached Dakar, Senegal before sitting on the runway
for 23 hours and returning to the US because the relief crew was not
rested enough. Ninety-two Somalis sat bound and shackled on an
airplane for nearly two days, some urinating on themselves, during
the botched US deportation attempt. This was according to a lawsuit
later filed in US District Court in Miami.
2017 Dec 12, In Somalia a US
drone strike hit a vehicle carrying explosives some 40 miles
southwest of Mogadishu.
(SFC, 12/13/17, p.A2)
2017 Dec 14, In Somalia an
Islamic extremist suicide bomber disguised as a police officer
killed at least 18 people at a police academy in Mogadishu.
2017 Dec 14, It was reported
that the United States is suspending food and fuel aid for most of
Somalia's armed forces over corruption concerns, a blow to the
military as African peacekeepers start to withdraw this month.
2017 Dec 18, Somalia’s security
ministry said security forces have arrested Abdirahman Abdishakur, a
former minister and outspoken government critic, after clashing with
his bodyguards during an overnight raid on his home. Five bodyguards
were reported killed and Abdishakur lightly injured during the raid.
2017 Dec 21, A court in Somalia
released without charge Abdirahman Abdishakur, a former minister and
government critic, who spent two days in jail after being arrested
for alleged treason. His arrest ignited a smoldering political
crisis for the fragile government.
2017 Dec 24, In southern
Somalia a US military airstrike killed 13 members of the al-Shabab
2017 Dec 25, Islamic State
group posted what is thought to be the first video from
IS-affiliated fighters in Somalia. The video called on supporters to
"hunt down" nonbelievers and attack churches and markets.
2018 Jan 2, In Somalia a US
military drone strike killed two al-Shabab extremists and destroyed
a vehicle carrying explosives to Mogadishu.
2018 Jan 19, Somali and US
commandos stormed a camp for al-Shabab extremist fighters in an
overnight raid, killing at least 4 of the fighters and rescuing
2018 Feb 6, A Somali military
court sentenced to death Hasan Aden Isak, convicted of driving a
truck bomb as part of a deadly attack that killed more than 500
people in Mogadishu last October 14. A second driver, Abdullahi
Hassan Absuge, was sentenced to life imprisonment.
2018 Feb 9, The United States
said it had imposed sanctions on three people and three companies in
the Philippines, Turkey and Somalia that supported the Islamic State
militant group, including a business that procured parts for
2018 Feb 19, In Somalia a
US-led air strike against al Shabaab militants killed three members
of the al Qaeda-linked Islamist insurgency group. The strike near
the town of Jilib was coordinated with Somalia's government.
2018 Feb 23, In Somalia a
suspected suicide car bomb went off in Mogadishu, followed by a
second blast and gunfire near the president's residence. The death
toll from twin car bomb blasts rose to 45 from the initially
reported 18. Al Qaeda-linked al Shabaab militants claimed
responsibility for the attack.
(Reuters, 2/23/18)(Reuters, 2/24/18)
2018 Mar 1, In Somalia a mortar
attack in Mogadishu, claimed by Islamist group al Shabaab, killed
three civilians and injured two others.
2018 Mar 22, Somali officials
said at least 14 people were killed when an explosion followed by
gunfire went off near the Weheliye hotel in Mogadishu.
2018 Mar 25, In Somalia a car
bomb exploded near parliament headquarters in Mogadishu, killing at
least four people along with the driver. A few hours earlier,
another car bomb outside the capital killed one person plus the
2018 Apr 1, In Somalia Al
Shabaab militants attacked the African Union (AU) peacekeepers' base
in the town Bulamarer, 130 km southwest of the capital Mogadishu.
There was an unknown number of casualties.
2018 Apr 1, In Somalia a US air
strike against Al-Shabaab militants killed five "terrorists." This
was the seventh time this year that the US has struck Shabaab.
Separately, heavily armed Shabaab militants attacked an AMISON
military camp outside Mogadishu, killing four Ugandan peacekeepers.
In 2019 US Africa Command said the strike near El Burr, Somalia, had
killed two civilians and four militants, not five militants as the
US military had originally reported.
(AFP, 4/2/18)(Reuters, 4/5/19)
2018 Apr 5, In Somalia the US
military killed three militants after launching an air strike near
the town of Jilib against al Shabaab, a militant Islamist group
allied with al Qaeda.
2018 Apr 6, In Somalia three
people were left dead following a pair of suicide bombings in
(SFC, 4/7/18, p.A2)
2018 Apr 8, Somali security
staff took about $9.6 million in cash from a civilian plane that
landed in Mogadishu from the UAE. The UAE said it was sending the
money to the Somali army to support its operations against Islamist
militants. The plane was allowed to depart several hours later.
2018 Apr 11, Somalia said it
has disbanded a United Arab Emirates program to train some of its
troops in a fresh sign that a dispute in the Gulf involving Qatar is
spilling into the volatile country in the Horn of Africa.
2018 Apr 11, In Somalia the US
carried out an air strike and destroyed "an al-Shabaab vehicle-born
improvised explosive device" near Jana Cabdalle in the Lower Jubba
2018 Apr 12, In southern
Somalia a bomb killed up to five spectators at a football match in
the port town of Barawe, the first time an explosion has targeted a
2018 Apr 15, The United Arab
Emirates said it will end its military training mission to Somalia
after an incident that saw its soldiers assaulted and $9.6 million
seized at an airport in Mogadishu.
2018 Apr 23, In Somalia rival
army forces shot at each other in Mogadishu, with one group trying
to storm a former United Arab Emirates-run training center.
UAE-trained troops fled with as many weapons as they could, before a
rival group took over the facility. After 90 minutes of sporadic
gunfire, the training facility was secured by presidential palace
guards. About 600 to 700 AK-47 and (other) guns were looted.
(Reuters, 4/23/18)(AP, 4/25/18)
2018 Apr 25, Somali weapons
dealers said at least 600 guns were stolen in the past week from a
former United Arab Emirates-run training center in Mogadishu and are
for sale in the city.
2018 Apr 28, In Somalia a
suicide bomber blew himself up in a military camp in the town of
Galkayo, killing four officers. The attack was claimed by the al
Qaeda-linked al Shabaab group.
2018 May 1, A female Somali aid
worker was shot dead by unknown gunmen in the main market in
2018 May 2, In Somalia
unidentified gunmen late today kidnapped German nurse Sonja Nientiet
from the International Committee of the Red Cross in Mogadishu.
2018 May 9, Somalia's al
Shabaab insurgents in Sablale town in the Lower Shabelle region
stoned to death a woman it accused of having multiple husbands.
Shukri Abdullahi Warsame (30) had allegedly married 11 men in a row
without seeking a divorce.
(Reuters, 5/9/18)(SFC, 5/10/18, p.A2)
2018 May 10, In southern
Somalia a bomb targeting soldiers killed seven in the town of
Wanlaweyn in the Lower Shabelle region. An explosion in the same
town a day earlier killed at least five.
2018 May 22, In Somalia a
suicide car bomber from the Islamist group al Shabaab hit a military
convoy outside Mogadishu, causing an unknown number of deaths.
2018 May 24, Tensions in the
unrecognized breakaway northern state of Somaliland and the
semi-autonomous Somali state of Puntland erupted into violence
around the border town of Tukaraq in Sool, a disputed desert region
claimed by both sides. Troops from both camps were reported killed.
2018 May 31, In Somalia a US
military airstrike outside Mogadishu killed 12 al-Shabab extremists.
(SFC, 6/2/18, p.A2)
2018 Jun 1, Somalia's militant
Islamist group al Shabaab retook Muqokori, a small town in the
center of the country after it was abandoned by government troops.
Shabaab militants also attacked a military base in the
semi-autonomous region of Puntland the same day, killing several
2018 Jun 8, In Somalia US
troops with Somali and Kenyan forces came under mortar and
small-arms fire in an attack in Jubaland. US Army Staff Sgt.
Alexander Conrad (26) of Chandler, Arizona, was killed. Somalia's
Islamist group al Shabaab soon claimed responsibility for the
(AP, 6/9/18)(Reuters, 6/10/18)
2018 Jul 4, In Somalia at least
17 people were killed in fighting between militants from the al
Shabaab group and clan militias in the country's central
semi-autonomous region of Galmudug.
2018 Jul 7, In Somalia
militants from Somalia's al Shabaab group set off two bombs in
central Mogadishu and stormed a government building. A least nine
people were killed in the attack on the interior ministry. Security
forces killed all three attackers after a two-hour gun battle inside
(Reuters, 7/7/18)(AP, 7/7/18)
2018 Jul 14, Somali security
forces shot dead three extremists wearing soldiers' uniforms,
foiling an attempted al-Shabab attack on the presidential palace
that began with a car bomb exploding. Six people were dead in all
including a suicide car bomber.
2018 Jul 16, In Somalia a girl
(10) bled to death in a hospital two days after her mother took her
to a traditional circumciser in central Galmudug state. The UN says
about 98 percent of women and girls in the Horn of Africa nation
undergo female genital mutilation.
2018 Jul 20, Somalia's Islamist
militant group al Shabaab captured Af Urur, a small but strategic
town 100 km (60 miles) south of Bosaso city in the semi-autonomous
Puntland region. Puntland military forces had left the town a day
2018 Jul 23, Somali military
officer said troops have repulsed an extremist assault on a military
base in Sanguni. 10 attackers were reported killed. A spokesman for
al-Shabab claimed that its fighters managed to enter the base and
killed 27 soldiers.
2018 Jul 28, Somalia's
President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed arrived in Eritrea for a 3-day
visit, amid another diplomatic thaw in the restless Horn of Africa
2018 Jul 30, The presidents of
Eritrea and Somalia said they plan to establish diplomatic
relations, the latest sign of thawing relations across the Horn of
Africa following Eritrea's rapprochement with Ethiopia.
2018 Aug 2, The US military
carried out an airstrike in Somalia that killed four members of the
al-Shabab extremist group.
2018 Aug 5, In Somalia a
suicide car bomber detonated an explosives-laden vehicle killing
four people near the gate of a military base in Afgoye town, 30 km
(18 miles) northwest of Mogadishu.
2018 Aug 28, The Norwegian
Refugee Council (NRC) said the number of Somalis left homeless has
surged this year as thousands who had already fled war, drought and
floods were forcibly evicted from mostly makeshift homes. Its report
said one of the main factors driving people out of their homes was
property developers requisitioning land, often without warning,
during a building boom in Mogadishu.
2018 Aug 29, The US military
said US forces conducted an air strike in coordination with
Somalia's army that killed three al Shabaab fighters.
2018 Sep 2, In Somalia at least
six people were killed, including two children, after a suicide
bomber detonated an explosives-laden vehicle outside a district
headquarters in Mogadishu.
2018 Sep 5, Ethiopian, Eritrean
and Somalia leaders met in Eritrea's capital Asmara, furthering the
diplomatic thaw in the strategic Horn of Africa region.
2018 Sep 10, In Somalia at
least six people were killed after a suicide bomber detonated an
explosives-laden vehicle at the gate of a district headquarters in
2018 Sep 19, In southern
Somalia an overnight air strike reportedly hit an al-Shabab training
school and nearby hospital in Sakow. Several senior officials in the
extremist group were reported killed or wounded.
(SFC, 9/20/18, p.A2)
2018 Sep 21, In Somalia US
forces acting in self defense called in an airstrike on al Shabaab
militants in the southern province of Lower Juba, killing an
estimated 18 Islamist extremists. Somali government troops
accompanying the US unit killed two other fighters of the al
Qaeda-linked group with small arms fire during the clash.
2018 Sep 25, The
Washington-based World Bank said it has approved $80 million in
grants to Somalia to fund public finance reforms, marking the first
disbursement to the government of the conflict-ridden country in 30
2018 Sep 27, The European Union
said it has approved 100 million euros ($116 million) in its
first-ever budget support to Somalia's government in the latest sign
of confidence in a country long shattered by conflict.
2018 Oct 1, In Somalia three
people were killed in a suicide car bombing by Islamist group al
Shabaab which hit an EU armored convoy in Mogadishu. A US military's
Africa Command (Africom) airstrike near Kismayo killed nine
(Reuters, 10/1/18)(Reuters, 10/9/18)
2018 Oct 6, In Somalia the US
military's Africa Command (Africom) carried out an air strike in the
vicinity of Kunyo Barrow, north of the town of Kismayo. One militant
was reported killed.
2018 Oct 12, In Somalia several
missiles were fired by two unmanned US drones. At least 60
extremists were later reported killed. It was the deadliest strike
since one on Nov. 21, 2017, against a camp killed about 100
2018 Oct 13, In Somalia two
suspected suicide bombers struck in the southern city of Baidoa
killing 20 people.
2018 Oct 13, UN sanctions
monitors in an unpublished report said banned charcoal exports from
Somalia are thriving, generating millions of dollars a year for
al-Qaida-linked al-Shabab extremists — and often passing through
Iran to have their origins obscured.
2018 Oct 14, Somalia executed
by firing squad Hassan Adan Isak, linked to one of the country's
deadliest ever attacks, one year after the tragedy which left over
2018 Oct 14, In Somalia a US
military strike killed four al-Shabab extremists in the Lower Juba
(SFC, 10/16/18, p.A2)
2018 Oct 16, Security guards
aboard the Hong Kong-flagged MV KSL freighter repelled an attack by
pirates in a gunbattle 340 nautical miles off Somalia's coast.
2018 Oct 23, Tech entrepreneurs
in Somalia began holding a first ever summit in battle-scarred
Mogadishu, attracting hundreds to talk about business and innovation
in a city more used to conflict and suffering.
2018 Oct, In Somalia a top
Islamic State leader was killed by a suspected al-Shabab death squad
in Mogadishu. This indicated the start of a bloody feud between the
(SFC, 12/7/18, p.A4)
2018 Nov 9, In Ethiopia
Somalia's President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed and Eritrean President
Isaias Afwerki met with Ethiopian PM Abiy Ahmed to cement regional
economic ties as relations warm between the once-rival nations.
2018 Nov 9, In Somalia suicide
attackers set off two car bombs at a hotel near the headquarters of
the Criminal Investigations Department in Mogadishu, killing at
least 17 people.
2018 Nov 19, In Somalia the US
military killed a total of 37 Islamic extremists in two airstrikes.
Africa Command said the airstrikes were carried out in coordination
with the government of Somalia.
2018 Nov 20, In central Somalia
the US military carried out an airstrike targeting al-Shabab that
killed seven extremists.
2018 Nov 21, In Somalia the US
Africa Command launched two new strikes that killed six fighters and
destroyed a weapons cache near Harardere. The US has now carried out
35 airstrikes this year against al-Shabab, Africa's deadliest
Islamic extremist group.
2018 Nov 26, Somalia was hit by
two violent attacks, one killing Islamic cleric Sheikh Abdiweli Ali
Elmi and 17 of his followers for playing music and a second killing
at least six people in a car bomb blast in Mogadishu.
2018 Nov 30, In Somalia a US
military air strike killed nine militants targeting al Shabaab in
Lebede, as part of its operations to support the government's
efforts to weaken the militant group.
2018 Dec 5, Somali commandos
backed by US forces raided two al-Shabab checkpoints overnight at
which the extremists extort money from commercial vehicles, killing
2018 Dec 9, In Somalia the head
of the parliament's administration said he had filed a motion with
the speaker of parliament to impeach the country's president,
Mohamed Abdullahi, but the grounds for the move were unclear.
2018 Dec 12, In Saudi Arabia
representatives from Egypt, Djibouti, Somalia, Sudan, Yemen and
Jordan gathered in Riyadh to discuss an alliance of the six
countries bordering the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. No final
agreement was reached.
2018 Dec 13, Somalia's Internal
Security Ministry arrested Mukhtar Robow, accusing him of bringing
Islamist militants and weapons back to Baidoa, the capital of South
West region. At least 10 people were killed in the clashes. Robow's
spokesman later said he was beaten by Ethiopian troops, who are part
of the African Union peacekeeping force in Somalia, in the course of
(Reuters, 12/13/18)(Reuters, 12/14/18)(Reuters,
2018 Dec 14, In Somalia
lawmaker Abdishakur Bule was killed in Baidoa in cross fire between
security forces and supporters of former al Shabaab leader Mukhtar
2018 Dec 15, Somalia saw a
third day of protests over the arrest of Muhktar Robow, the former
No. 2 leader of the al-Shabab extremist group, who has been a
leading candidate for a regional presidency. Officials said at least
eight people have been killed so far as angry supporters take to the
streets and clash with police.
2018 Dec 15, In Somalia the US
military's Africa Command (Africom) carried out four air strikes
with Somali partners, killing 34 militants.
2018 Dec 16, In Somalia the US
military's Africa Command (Africom) carried out two air strikes with
Somali partners, killing 28 militants.
2018 Dec 19, In Somalia
lawmakers in the volatile South West state elected Abdiasis Hassan
Mohamed, the federal government's preferred candidate, as its leader
after Mukhtar Robow, a popular former al Shabaab leader, was
barred from running in the vote seen as test of the country's
2018 Dec 22, In Somalia at
least 13 people were killed and 17 wounded in a car bomb attack
claimed by al Qaeda-linked group al Shabaab close to the president's
residence in Mogadishu. The death toll from a double car-bomb attack
soon rose to 26.
(Reuters, 12/22/18)(AP, 12/24/18)
2018 Dec 23, The Burundi army
said it opposed a request by the African Union that it withdraw
1,000 soldiers serving in an African peacekeeping force in Somalia
by Feb. 28.
2018 Dec 24, In Somalia al
Shabaab member Abdikadir Abukar was executed. He was the mastermind
of militant car bombs that killed 26 people and injured nearly 40
others in Mogadishu in 2017.
2019 Jan 1, Somalia's
government ordered the UN top envoy to the troubled country to
leave, accusing him of "deliberately interfering with the country's
sovereignty." Nicholas Haysom had raised concerns at the action of
Somalia's UN-backed security services in recent violence that left
several people dead.
2019 Jan 2, The US military
carried out an airstrike in southwestern Somalia that killed 10
members of the al-Shabab extremist group. The US carried out at
least 47 such strikes last year in the Horn of Africa nation.
2019 Jan 6, A US airstrike in
Somalia killed six al-Shabab members near Dheerow Sanle in Lower
2019 Jan 7, The United States
military carried out two airstrikes in Somalia that killed four
2019 Jan 18, In Somalia an
ambush occurred on an Ethiopian peacekeeping convoy. African Union
troops returned fire killing four extremists and wounding several
others. Ethiopia denied claims that al-Shabab killed several
2019 Jan 19, In Somalia a US
military air strike killed 52 al-Shabab extremists in the Middle
Juba region in response to an attack on Somali forces.
(SSFC, 1/20/19, p.A4)
2019 Jan 30, In Somalia a US
airstrike killed 24 al-Shabab extremists near Shebeeley in the
central Hiran region.
2019 Feb 2, In southern Somalia
a suicide car bomb exploded outside a military base for Ethiopian
soldiers, leaving an unspecified number of casualties.
2019 Feb 4, Somalia's
Al-Shabaab militants shot dead Paul Anthony Formosa, the Maltese
manager of the Bossaso port in semi-autonomous Puntland state, and
detonated a car bomb in Mogadishu, killing at least nine people.
Al-Shabab soon claimed responsibility.
(AFP, 2/4/19)(SFC, 2/5/19, p.A2)
2019 Feb 6, In Somalia US
targeted airstrikes against suspected extremists killed 11 fighters
in the vicinity of Gandarshe, Lower Shabelle region.
2019 Feb 7, In Somalia US
targeted airstrikes against suspected extremists killed 4 more
fighters in the vicinity of Bariire, Lower Shabelle region.
2019 Feb 23, In Somalia the
United States military killed two al-Shabab extremists in four
2019 Feb 28, In central Somalia
US air strikes in the Hiran region killed 26 fighters.
2019 Feb 28, In Somalia
Islamist al Shabaab fighters in Mogadishu set off an explosive
outside the Hotel Maka Al-Mukarama late today Officials declared an
end to the siege the following afternoon with 20 people confirmed
dead and over 100 injured.
(Reuters, 3/1/19)(AP, 3/1/19)(AFP, 3/2/19)
2019 Mar 17, In Somalia a US
air strike killed four people near the town of Afgoye. The US Africa
Command (AFRICOM) later said it carried out the air strike and that
three militants had died in the attack.
2019 Mar 23, Somalia's al
Shabaab stormed a government building, detonating a suicide car bomb
in the heart of Mogadishu with at least 15 people, including an
assistant minister, killed during the ensuing gun battle. The four
militants who attacked the building were shot dead.
2019 Mar 28, In Somalia an
explosives-laden vehicle detonated outside a busy restaurant in
Mogadishu, killing at least 16 people. The al-Qaida-linked al-Shabab
extremist group claimed responsibility.
2019 Mar 31, Somalia's
al-Shabab Islamic extremist group said it has executed four men
accused of spying for the British, Djibouti and Somali intelligence
2019 Apr 12, Suspected
Al-Shabaab jihadis in northeastern Kenya kidnapped a Cuban general
practitioner and a surgeon in Mandera and whisked them to Somalia.
One of two police officers escorting the doctors to work was shot
dead by the attackers, who later demanded $1.5 million (1.35 million
euros) for their release.
(AFP, 4/12/19)(AFP, 5/16/19)
2019 Apr 13, Somali security
forces shot dead a rickshaw driver and his passenger in Mogadishu
and killed another four people who were protesting against the
2019 Apr 29, In Somalia a
victim relative said an air strike near the town of Afgoye killed
four people. US Africa Command (AFRICOM) said it carried out an air
strike and that three militants had died in the attack.
2019 May 22, In Somalia a
suicide car bomb by Islamic extremists killed at least six people in
Mogadishu. Al-Shabab claimed responsibility.
2019 Jun 14, In Somalia a
militia executed nine civilians from a clan with suspected links to
the Islamist Al-Shabaab after suspected Shabaab gunmen killed" a
policeman. The revenge attack just outside Galkayo targeted the
Rahanweyn clan, several of whose members are suspected of being
2019 Jun 14, Somali Islamist
insurgents kidnapped three Kenyan police reservists in Wajir
district in northeast Kenya.
2019 Jun 15, In Somalia a car
bomb exploded near the parliament in Mogadishu, killing eight
2019 Jul 1, Somalia said it has
protested formally to Kenya, after Nairobi referred to the
self-proclaimed Republic of Somaliland as a country. Somaliland
declared its independence in 1991 but is not recognized by the
international community, which considers it an autonomous region of
2019 Jul 12, In Somalia
Islamist gunmen stormed the Asasey Hotel in the port city of
Kismayo. 3 Kenyans, 2 Americans, a Briton and 3 Tanzanians were
among 26 people killed. Security forces took 11 hours to end the
siege. The dead also included Canadian-Somali journalist, Hodan
Nalayeh (43) and her husband, Farid Jama Suleiman.
(Reuters, 7/12/19)(SSFC, 7/14/19, p.A6)(SFC,
2019 Jul 24, In Somalia a
suicide bomber walked into the office of Mogadishu's mayor and
detonated explosives strapped to his waist, killing several people
and badly wounding the mayor. The death toll in the attack soon rose
to seven and the seriously wounded Mayor Abdirahman Omar Osman was
in a coma. The new UN envoy, James Swan, was the bomber's intended
target, but had left the office just minutes earlier.
(AP, 7/24/19)(AP, 7/25/19)
2019 Aug 1, Somali government
officials said Abdirahman Omar Osman, the mayor of Mogadishu, has
died of wounds sustained in a suicide bomb attack on his office last
week. He died in Qatar where he had gone for treatment after the
2019 Aug 14, In southern
Somalia a government military base was struck by car bombs and
gunfire. Al Shabaab claimed responsibility for the attack, saying it
had killed 50 soldiers and that two of its fighters had died. Somali
officials said at least four soldiers and a photographer embedded
with the army were killed in Awdhegle. Eight attackers were also
(Reuters, 8/14/19)(SFC, 8/15/19, p.A2)
2019 Aug 22, The president of
Jubbaland, a Somali region critical to East Africa's fight against
al Shabaab militants, won a new term, amid a growing rift between
the federal government and its semi-autonomous states.
2019 Aug 27, It was reported
that Kenya is urging the UN to list Al-Shabaab under the same
sanctions as Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State, but foreign donors said
the move could leave millions in drought-stricken Somalia without
2019 Sep 21, Somali pirates
released an Iranian man held since March 2015. Mohammad Sharif
Panahandeh had become increasingly ill and couldn't have survived
much longer. Three remaining hostages were still being held in
2019 Sep 26, Somalia committed
to comply with any United Nations International Court of Justice
ruling on its maritime border dispute with Kenya, and to accept the
boundary that is delimited by the tribunal.
2019 Sep 30, Somali insurgents
mounted an ambitious attack on a base where US special forces train
Somali commandos, while an Italian military convoy was hit in a
separate blast in the capital Mogadishu. No casualties were reported
in either attack.
2019 Nov 4, It was reported
that heavy rains and floods have killed more than 50 people and
forced hundreds of thousands of people from their homes across East
Africa as researchers warned warming oceans are causing
unpredictable weather patterns in the region. Kenya reported 48
people killed; Somalia reported at least 17 killed.
2019 Nov 12, A panel of
experts' report to the UN Security Council said a significant
escalation of US airstrikes targeting al-Shabab militants and
leaders has kept the al-Qaida-linked group "off-balance" but has had
"little effect on its ability to launch regular asymmetric attacks
2019 Nov 15, It was reported
that Kenya and Somalia have agreed to restore diplomatic relations
that had deteriorated over the disputed ownership of an Indian Ocean
territory thought to be rich in hydrocarbons.
2019 Nov 15, The UN Security
Council extended an arms embargo on Somalia and a ban on trade in
charcoal, a key source of funds for al-Shabab extremists — and it
imposed a new ban on ingredients for explosive devices the group is
2019 Nov 20, In Somalia Almaas
Elman, a Somali Canadian peace activist, was killed after she was
hit by a stray bullet while traveling in a car inside a heavily
defended base near the international airport where many diplomats
and aid workers have offices.
2019 Dec 23, In Somalia
al-Shabab extremists killed three soldiers during an attack on the
Gofgadud military base in the southwest.
2019 Dec 28, In Somalia a truck
bomb exploded at a busy security checkpoint in Mogadishu. University
students, the future of a country rebuilding from decades of
conflict, made up most of the 79 people killed.
(AP, 12/28/19)(AP, 12/29/19)
2020 Jan 8, In Somalia a car
bomb exploded at a checkpoint in Mogadishu, killing three people and
wounding six others. The bomb attached to the vehicle was remotely
2020 Jan 17, It was reported
that the most serious outbreak of locusts in 25 years is spreading
across East Africa and posing an unprecedented threat to food
security in some of the world’s most vulnerable countries.
Authorities said unusual climate conditions are partly to blame. The
outbreak has affected parts of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia
2020 Jan 18, Somalia police
said at least two people were killed and more than 20 others wounded
when a suicide car bomber targeted a construction site along a
highway outside Mogadishu.
2020 Jan 25, It was reported
that worst outbreak of desert locusts in Kenya in 70 years has seen
hundreds of millions of the bugs swarm into the country from Somalia
and Ethiopia. Those two countries have not had an infestation like
this in a quarter-century.
2020 Feb 2, In Somalia a US air
strike struck a home in the Middle Juba region as a family sat down
for dinner. One girl (18) was reported killed and three people
injured. On July 28 the US military acknowledged killing a civilian
and wounding three others with an airstrike in Somalia. The original
report on the airstrike said one member of the al-Shabab extremist
group was killed in the vicinity of Jilib.
(SFC, 4/2/20, p.A2)(AP, 7/28/20)
2020 Feb 9, Locusts began to
arrive in Uganda, reaching a village near the Kenyan border as a new
swarm in northern Somalia threatened more than 10 million people
across the region with a severe hunger crisis.
2020 Feb 22, In southern
Somalia Bashir Mohamed Mahamoud, head of al Shabaab's operations,
was killed in an American air strike in the Sakow district of the
2020 Feb 24, In Somalia a US
military airstrike killed a worker for a telecom company on the
outskirts of the rebel-held town of Jilib. US Africa Command and
Somalia’s government said the airstrike killed a member of the
al-Qaida-linked al-Shabab extremist group. But officials at Hormuud
said the airstrike killed a farmer who also worked for Hormuud
Telecom in Jilib.
(AP, 2/25/20)(SFC, 4/2/20, p.A2)
2020 Feb 26, The International
Monetary Fund said it had secured sufficient financing to provide
$334 million in debt relief to Somalia, a milestone the bank said
brought it one step closer to a decision on forgiveness of most of
Somalia's $5.3 billion in debt.
2020 Feb 28, In Somalia 11
people were killed over the last 24 hours in fighting between
national forces and the Ahlu Sunnah Wal Jama'a (ASWJ) militia, a
group of moderate Sufi Muslims which pushed al Shabaab out of its
2020 Mar 2, Fighting erupted in
south Somalia between the national army and regional forces, amid
deepening divisions that help Islamist insurgents and may exacerbate
2020 Mar 10, In Somalia a US
air strike aimed at Islamist militants reportedly killed six
civilians in a mini bus. US Africa Command said the strike near
Janaale town had killed "five terrorists.
2020 Mar 16, Somalia's first
coronavirus case was announced. Somalia ranked 194th of 195
countries in the Johns Hopkins Global Health Security Index for 2019
and scored zero in several areas, including emergency preparedness,
emergency response, infection control practices and health care
2020 Mar 16, Benin, Liberia,
Somalia and Tanzania became the latest African countries to report
cases of coronavirus.
2020 Mar 30, UN members voted
by e-mail to keep troops in Sudan’s restive Darfur region until the
end of May and maintain the UN political mission in Somalia until
2020 Mar, The government of
Somalia banned international flights, including khat planes, as part
of its efforts to contain coronavirus.
2020 Apr 1, Somalia has
confirmed three cases of Covid-19, but there were fears that if the
virus spreads it could quickly overwhelm the country's poor health
2020 Apr 1, In Somalia two
girls aged just three and four were abducted and raped. Several
arrests had been made following the attack. A doctor in charge of
the hospital where they were being treated said they need major
2020 Apr 1,Nur Hassan Hussein
(b.1938) former prime minister of Somalia (2007-2009) died in
London. He had led negotiations with insurgents that led to a peace
agreement in mid-2008.
2020 Apr 9, Somalia announced
the first death from Covid-19, the respiratory illness caused by
coronavirus. Somalia has so far confirmed 12 coronavirus cases.
2020 Apr 10, The UN Food and
Agriculture Organization warned of an increasing number of new
locust swarms forming in Kenya, southern Ethiopia and Somalia. The
UN has raised its aid appeal from $76 million to $153 million,
saying immediate action is needed before more rainfall fuels further
growth in locust numbers.
2020 Apr 13, The UN said swarms
of locusts in Ethiopia have damaged 200,000 hectares (half a million
acres) of cropland and driven around a million people to require
emergency food aid. Billions of desert locusts have already chomped
their way through much of East Africa, including Ethiopia, Somalia,
Kenya, Djibouti, Eritrea, Tanzania, Sudan, South Sudan and Uganda.
2020 Apr 24, In Somalia a
police officer in Mogadishu shot and killed at least one civilian
while enforcing coronavirus restrictions. The shooting sparked
protests and the officer was soon arrested. Somalia had more than
2020 May 4, A private Kenyan
African Express aircraft with coronavirus medical supplies crashed
in Somalia near the city of Baidoa, killing all six on board. A
report from the African Union later said the plane may have been
shot down by Ethiopian troops.
(AP, 5/5/20)(SFC, 5/6/20, p.A2)(SFC, 5/12/19,
2020 May 7, It was reported
that flooding as a result of recent heavy rains has killed more than
275 people across East Africa. Kenya has recorded 194 deaths, Rwanda
65 and 16 in Somalia.
2020 May 16, Kenya's President
Uhuru Kenyatta ordered a cessation of movement between the country
and neighboring Tanzania and Somalia to help curb the spread of the
novel coronavirus. He exempted cargo trucks but said drivers would
have to be tested for the disease.
2020 May 18, The UN said
flooding in central Somalia has affected nearly 1 million people,
displacing about 400,000 people. At least 24 people have died in the
flash floods that hit Beledweyne and Jowhar, two agricultural
centers in Somalia's central area.
2020 May 21, The World Bank
announced a $500 million program for East African countries affected
by historic desert locust swarms. The affected countries included
Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Djibouti, Eritrea, Tanzania, Sudan, South
Sudan and Uganda.
(SFC, 5/22/20, p.A6)
2020 Jun 12, In southern
Somalia Al-Shabab unveiled a COVID-19 isolation and care facility in
Jilib, a major stronghold of the extremist group. The facility
included a round-the-clock hotline.
2020 Jun 21, Mutinous soldiers
in the Somali capital Mogadishu have blocked roads near the
presidential palace in a protest over unpaid salaries. Some of the
troops say they haven't been paid in more than a year. Al-Shabab
said three of its militants blew up themselves up in a car at a
military checkpoint in Bacadweyn town, Galmudug state, killing three
soldiers. Separately, two bombs were detonated in front of the home
of a military official in Wanlaweyn town, north-west of the capital
Mogadishu, killing four people.
2020 Jun 23, In Somalia a
suicide bomber detonated inside a Turkish military training base in
Mogadishu and killed two people. The al-Shabab extremist group
2020 Jul 4, In southern Somalia
a bomb explosion at a restaurant in the town of Baidoa killed six
people. A suicide bomb attack close to Mogadishu injured at least
seven. The militant group al-Shabab said it was behind both
2020 Jul 13, Somalia’s army
chief survived an assassination attempt when a suicide car bomber
targeted his convoy in Mogadishu. At least one person was killed by
2020 Aug 5, Dr. Hawa Abdi (73),
human rights activist and a rescuer of Somalia's refugees, died in
2020 Aug 8, A suicide car
bomber attacked a military base in the Somali capital, Mogadishu,
killing at least eight people and injuring 14 others.
2020 Aug 10, In Somalia at
least 20 people were killed in a shoot-out between jailed militant
Islamists and security officers at a prison in Mogadishu during an
attempted prison escape.
2020 Aug 16, Somali special
forces ended a siege at a hotel in the capital Mogadishu that was
stormed by armed al-Shabab militants. At least 12 people were killed
at the beachside Elite Hotel, in addition to five militants.
2020 Aug 18, In Somalia two
soldiers were executed after being convicted of raping a 10-year-old
boy who died from the bleeding.
2020 Aug 24, A US military
airstrike in Somalia reportedly killed six al-Shabab extremists
after the al-Qaida-linked group attacked Somali forces while US
forces were nearby.
2020 Sep 7, In southern Somalia
a US soldier was wounded and two Somali soldiers were killed when an
al-Shabab suicide bomber tried to pass a checkpoint and attack a
military compound but was stopped by the partner forces.
2020 Sep 11, In Somalia a
suicide bomber attacked a mosque in the southern port city of
Kismayo killing two people.
(SFC, 9/11/20, p.A2)
2020 Sep 16, It was reported
that a military court in Somalia has sentenced a militant Islamist
to life in prison for his role in a deadly attack last January on a
US base in Kenya. Farhan Mohamud Hassan was also convicted of being
a member of al-Shabab.
2020 Oct 15, Somalia's military
said extremist rebels have killed at least eight soldiers in an
ambush in the country's south. Al-Qaida linked al-Shabab claimed
responsibility for the attack. The extremist group said it killed at
least 25 soldiers, a claim dismissed by the Somali military.
2020 Oct 27, The Hiraal
Institute reported that Somalia-based Islamist militant group
al-Shabab raises as much revenue as the country's authorities. The
militants collect at least $15m (£11m) a month, with more than half
the amount coming from the capital, Mogadishu. Businesspeople in
government-controlled areas complain they have to pay both the
militants and the government.
2020 Nov 12, The UN Security
Council voted to prevent the sale or shipment to Somalia of
components of improvised explosive devices if there is “significant
risk" they may be used to manufacture the often deadly devices that
are increasingly being used in attacks by al-Shabab extremists.
2020 Nov 17, In Somalia five
people were killed when a suicide buyer detonated an explosives belt
near the police academy in Mogadishu.
(SFC, 11/18/20, p.A2)
2020 Nov 27, In Somalia a
suicide bombing at an ice cream shop in Mogadishu killed at least
seven people. The al-Qaida-linked al-Shabab extremist group claimed
2020 Dec 2, A US federal grand
jury indicted Maryland attorney Jeremy Wyeth Schulman (45), on
charges including wire fraud, mail fraud, bank fraud and money
laundering. He reportedly engaged in a scheme to fraudulently obtain
more than $12.5 million in Somali government assets from financial
institutions and was paid hundreds of thousands of dollars by a law
firm that kept more than $3 million of the money.
2020 Dec 4, The Pentagon
announced that it will remove all troops from Somalia by Jan. 15,
five days before President-elect Joe Biden takes office.
2020 Dec 15, Somalia's
government said it has severed ties with strategic neighbor Kenya
"to safeguard the unity, sovereignty, stability of the country."
2021 Jan 2, In Somalia a
suicide bombing in Mogadishu killed five people including two Turks.
The al-Qaida-linked al-Shabab extremist group claimed
responsibility. The attack took place 15 km (8 miles) away from a
Turkish military base, Turkey's largest military installation
2021 Jan 17, The US military
said its troop withdrawal from Somalia is complete, in one of the
last actions of President Donald Trump’s presidency.
2021 Jan 25, Heavy fighting
broke out overnight in a Somali town near the Kenyan border between
Somali forces and those from the state of Jubbaland, as Somalia’s
election troubles spilled over into violence. five children were
reported killed and their mother wounded when a mortar round landed
on their house.
2021 Jan 31, In Somalia a
vehicle loaded with explosives crashed into the entrance gate of the
Afrik hotel, near Mogadishu's strategic K-4 junction. Four rebel
attackers during an 8-hour gunbattle as well as retired Gen. Mohamed
Nur Galal, who lived in the hotel. Al-Shabab claimed responsibility.
Separately at least 8 children died and scores of others were
wounded when a bomb went off in the Golweyn area, about 40 km (25
miles) north of the coastal town of Merca.
(AP, 1/31/21)(SFC, 2/2/21, p.A3)
2021 Feb 6, A meeting on
Somalia’s troubled election has ended in failure as the federal
government and regional states could not reach agreement on
remaining issues two days before the scheduled vote. Pres. Mohamed
Abdullahi Mohamed blamed unnamed foreign interventions.
2021 Feb 16, The US Navy
announced that it seized a large cache of weapons last week being
smuggled by two small ships off the coast of Somalia. The arms were
reportedly bound for war-torn Yemen.
2021 Feb 19, In Somalia heavy
gunfire broke out in Mogadishu as opposition leaders defied a ban on
public gatherings to protest about delayed elections. Militiamen
overnight attacked army positions close to the presidential palace.
At least five soldiers were killed and more than a dozen people,
mostly civilians, were wounded in violence related to protests over
the country’s delayed election.
(BBC, 2/19/21)(AP, 2/20/21)
2021 Mar 5, In Somalia at leat
10 people were killed when a car packed with explosives rammed into
a popular restaurant in Mogadishu. The death toll soon rose to at
(SFC, 3/6/21, p.A5)(SSFC, 3/7/21, p.A6)
2021 Mar 16, Somalia launched
COVID-19 vaccinations with the inoculation of the health minister,
who received the jab publicly to reassure the nation about its
2021 Apr 3, In Somalia
simultaneous large explosions were heard in and around two army
bases, with the military confirming at least nine of its people
killed but asserting “heavy losses" among the attackers. The
al-Shabab extremist group claimed responsibility. In Mogadishu a
suicide bomber detonated an explosive at a tea shop killing at least
(AP, 4/3/21)(SSFC, 4/4/21, p.A8)
2021 Apr 10, In Somalia a
suicide bomber detonated his explosives outside a cafe in the city
of Baidoa, killing at least four people and wounding more than six
others. The al-Qaida linked group al-Shabab claimed responsibility.
2021 Apr 14, Somalia’s Pres.
Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed extended his own term in office by two
years, drawing condemnation from the United States and other allies
who viewed it as a naked power grab. Mohamed said the two-year
extension would allow him to introduce a one-person, one-vote
(NY Times, 4/14/21)
2021 Apr 25, In Somalia gunfire
erupted across Mogadishu as security forces loyal to the president
clashed with units that appeared to have sided with his rivals,
stoking fears that Somalia’s simmering political crisis is spilling
over into violence.
(NY Times, 4/25/21)
2021 Apr 27, Somalia's Mohamed
Abdullahi Mohamed, better known by his nickname Farmajo, said he
will no longer seek a two-year extension to his term in office and
moved to ease tensions in Mogadishu, by calling for fresh
2021 May 1, In Somalia the
controversial two-year term extension for Pres. Mohamed Abdullahi
Mohamed evaporated after intense public pressure as the lower house
of parliament approved his request to instead support efforts to
organize the country’s long-delayed national election.
2021 May 6, Somalia said it has
resumed diplomatic ties with neighboring Kenya after severing
relations late last year.
2021 May 9, In Somalia at least
six people were killed when a suicide bomber atacked a police
station late today in Mogadishu.
(SFC, 5/11/21, p.A3)
2021 May 25, Somalia’s foreign
minister told the UN Security Council that an agreement has been
reached between the federal government and regional states that will
lead to long-delayed national elections.
2021 Jun 15, In Somalia a
suicide bomber killed at least 10 people at an army training camp in
2021 Jun 17, A doctor in
Somalia's semi-autonomous region of Puntland said that between five
and 10 of his Covid patients were dying because of a lack of oxygen
almost every day. In Somalia up to 25 people were dying each day in
one hospital because of a lack of oxygen.
2021 Jul 10, In Somalia a large
explosion in Mogadishu killed at least nine people and injured eight
others. The al-Shabab extremist group claimed responsibility. | <urn:uuid:4680d7b0-294a-489b-8db7-291ba4d3402c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.timelines.ws/countries/SOMALIA.HTML | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.926635 | 123,442 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Establishing nature reserves protects species from land cover conversion and the resulting loss of habitat. Even within a reserve, however, many factors such as fires and defoliating insects still threaten habitat and the survival of species. To address the risk to species survival after reserve establishment, reserve networks can be created that allow some redundancy of species coverage to maximize the expected number of species that survive in the presence of threats. In some regions, however, the threats to species within a reserve may be spatially correlated. As examples, fires, diseases, and pest infestations can spread from a starting point and threaten neighboring parcels' habitats, in addition to damage caused at the initial location. This paper develops a reserve site selection optimization framework that compares the optimal reserve networks in cases where risks do and do not reflect spatial correlation. By exploring the impact of spatially-correlated risk on reserve networks on a stylized landscape and on an Oregon landscape, this analysis demonstrates an appropriate and feasible method for incorporating such post-reserve establishment risks in the reserve site selection literature as an additional tool to be further developed for future conservation planning.
ASJC Scopus subject areas | <urn:uuid:a9ec2cfe-a948-4d97-8013-8b4a965484cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://experts.illinois.edu/en/publications/spatially-correlated-risk-in-nature-reserve-site-selection | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.925882 | 236 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Blanchard, Jean-Pierre, 1753-1809
Found in 1 Collection or Record:
Collection — Multiple Containers
John Jeffries was an American physician and the first American to be airborne. Collection includes a letter dropped from Jeffries's balloon during his historic flight, as well as clippings, correspondence and other materials about the letter. | <urn:uuid:502f1487-3035-4a79-9024-c08953b74fd9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archivesspace.amherst.edu/agents/people/445 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.906204 | 94 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor
"Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus,
MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure,
which enables searching at various levels of specificity.
A single-pass type I membrane protein. It is cleaved by AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN SECRETASES to produce peptides of varying amino acid lengths. A 39-42 amino acid peptide, AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDES is a principal component of the extracellular amyloid in SENILE PLAQUES.
|Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor
- Amyloid beta Protein Precursor
- beta-Protein Precursor, Amyloid
- Amyloid beta Precursor Protein
- Protease Nexin II
- Nexin II, Protease
- beta-Amyloid Protein Precursor
- beta Amyloid Protein Precursor
- Protease Nexin 2
- Nexin 2, Protease
- Amyloid A4 Protein Precursor
- Amyloid Protein Precursor
Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor".
Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more specific than "Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor".
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor" by people in this website by year, and whether "Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor" was a major or minor topic of these publications.
To see the data from this visualization as text, click here. | <urn:uuid:42d4ffd2-3d03-413a-b8fc-f2f108d19ee1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://profiles.jefferson.edu/display/21382 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.760811 | 464 | 1.96875 | 2 |
So you want to start an online store. Maybe you’re totally new to retail, or maybe you already run a successful brick and mortar shop and you’re ready to take it online. In either case, there’s a lot to learn about ecommerce before you dive in, some of it you probably already know if you’re already in the biz.
This guide isn’t Retail 101. Our starting point is the moment you decide you’re ready to make ecommerce part of (or your entire!) business model. Read on to learn more about the critical decisions you’ll be making at this stage, like which type of platform is best for your store and how to effectively market to online buyers. If you’re not quite at this point yet and you’re looking for more of an overview of starting an ecommerce business, check out this post: How to start an ecommerce business in 7 simple steps.
Before you get started with your online store
A lot of the guides to launching an ecommerce business you’ll find online start by telling you to choose what you want to sell and research your market. That’s great advice, but we’re going to assume you’ve already done that and you’re ready to start taking tangible steps toward launching your store.
When you’re at the stage of choosing a hosting provider and putting the store’s design together, you should have already:
- Registered your business name. The process for this varies from country to country, so follow the process for registering a new business in your country
- Incorporated your business. Just like registering your business name, this process varies from country to country
- Established a bank account for the business
- Created a sales tax ID for your business and if necessary, a resale certificate
- Obtained an ecommerce business license, which again, involves different processes in different cities, states and countries
- Locked down social media handles for your store
Operating a business without the proper licensing and tax documents can land you in some legal and/or financial trouble at tax time. Do your future self a favor by doing everything “by the book” before you launch your store.
Another step to take at this stage is buying the domain name you’ll be using from a registrar like GoDaddy or Domain.com. You can also buy a domain through certain ecommerce platforms, like Shopify. If you’re considering creating your store through a platform like this, look into whether you can buy a domain through it.
Buying your domain through an ecommerce platform can make the process super easy, but it probably won’t get you the best price. Think of it as paying a premium for not having to deal with redirecting the domain name from the registrar to your store. Keep in mind that if you buy your domain from a registrar, then opt to use a platform like Shopify, you can always migrate your domain name to the platform.
When you’re shopping for a domain name, you’ll notice you have a few different extension options. Dot biz (.biz) is the “business” extension, but you shouldn’t choose it.
Here’s why: when people think of a website, they automatically think dot com (.com). Dot com is universally known and trusted, which is why it’s so valuable compared to other extensions. The dot com version of the domain you want will probably cost more than the dot biz version, but it’s an investment worth making.
If you mainly operate in countries with a specific domain extension, you can use these country-specific extensions to make your visitors feel “at home” straight away.
Ready to move forward and find a place to host your store? First, make sure your niche and business plan are crystal clear. Instead of going into business selling dog clothes, refine your niche and go into business selling sustainable dog clothes or quirky, fun dog clothes. Research how many other ecommerce stores are working in your specific niche, how they’re marketing themselves and how their markets respond to them. Before you hit the web, your niche might need some refining or retooling to ensure it’s optimized for max profit.
Will your online store be hosted, licensed or DIY?
One of the biggest decisions you’ll make when you start ecommerce business ventures is where and how your store will be hosted.
Let’s take a quick second to say that lots of ecommerce entrepreneurs run successful shops on Amazon, Etsy and eBay. But there’s a huge difference between having a seller’s account on one of these platforms and running a full-blown ecommerce business.
With platforms like Etsy and eBay, you have pretty limited options when it comes to customizing your shop and it feels more like you’re operating a vendor stall at a big, crowded flea market instead of managing your own free-standing store. They can be a great place for people doing ecommerce as a side hustle or somebody who’s just getting started, but when you’re really serious about building something that will fly high, you need a more comprehensive platform.
In terms of comprehensiveness, the next step up is building your store on a platform that handles hosting for you. Shopify, Squarespace, Wix stores and BigCartel are four platforms that do just that.
Each of these platforms makes it super easy to set up your store, no coding skills required. You can buy your domain through them and start setting up shop with just a few clicks. When you buy a website package, hosting is included, as are lots of ecommerce templates.
Building your ecommerce store on this type of platform is ideal if you’re not techy and you want a simple, all-in-the-box solution. By opting for this kind of setup, you agree to play by your chosen platform’s rules and you’re limited to that platform’s customization options. That’s not to say you can’t get a truly unique web store design to use on a hosted platform—you can—but it needs to be designed specifically to work with that platform and its limitations.
Article Provided By: 99 Designs
If you would like to discuss Your Logo with Mojoe.net or your website’s analytics, custom logo designs, social media, website, web application, need custom programming, or IT consultant, please do not hesitate to call us at 864-859-9848 or you can email us at firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:8ac71af6-19bf-411f-bea4-fe917a4f22e4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://mojoe.mojoe.net/how-to-start-an-online-store-the-ultimate-guide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.926225 | 1,409 | 1.601563 | 2 |
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