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- Author: Lucy Kirkwood
- Title: Chimerica
- Published: 2013
- List of Challenges
- Monthly plan
- List of Plays and theatre links
- Winner, 2014 Susan Smith Blackburn Prize
Winner, 2014 Olivier Award for Best New Play
Winner, 2013 Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Play
Winner, 2014 Critics’ Circle Best New Play Award
- If you are in a winter ‘reading slump’ read a play!
- This award winning work by Lucy Kirkwood is a good place to start.
- There was a tank man (see cover), the photo proves it and
- Kirkwood has taken a creative leap to tell us who he is…
- why he is standing there….and what is in those shopping bags?
- A writer’s duty is to the story rather than the facts as they happened.
- Kirkwood’s Chimerica is based loosely on the
- 1989 Tiananmen Square protests.
- She fictionalized it and retained control of the impressive narrative.
- It took Kirkwood 6 years to write this play
- …and you can read it is 2,5 hrs. | <urn:uuid:f4d75b51-a575-40a6-a757-32b5e3104f69> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nancyelin.wordpress.com/2019/02/11/play-chimerica/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.923899 | 277 | 1.640625 | 2 |
The phosphatidylserine receptor TIM-1 enhances authentic chikungunya virus cell cntry
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging, mosquito-transmitted, enveloped positive stranded RNA virus. Chikungunya fever is characterized by acute and chronic debilitating arthritis. Although multiple host factors have been shown to enhance CHIKV infection, the molecular mechanisms of cell entry and entry factors remain poorly understood. The phosphatidylserine-dependent receptors, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) and Axl receptor tyrosine kinase (Axl), are transmembrane proteins that can serve as entry factors for enveloped viruses. Previous studies used pseudoviruses to delineate the role of TIM-1 and Axl in CHIKV entry. Conversely, here, we use the authentic CHIKV and cells ectopically expressing TIM-1 or Axl and demonstrate a role for TIM-1 in CHIKV infection. To further characterize TIM-1-dependent CHIKV infection, we generated cells expressing domain mutants of TIM-1. We show that point mutations in the phosphatidylserine binding site of TIM-1 lead to reduced cell binding, entry, and infection of CHIKV. Ectopic expression of TIM-1 renders immortalized keratinocytes permissive to CHIKV, whereas silencing of endogenously expressed TIM-1 in human hepatoma cells reduces CHIKV infection. Altogether, our findings indicate that, unlike Axl, TIM-1 readily promotes the productive entry of authentic CHIKV into target cells. | <urn:uuid:5f55f4d9-84d4-4d0c-98c1-3abf2a091b82> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://elib.tiho-hannover.de/receive/tiho_mods_00005372 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.839794 | 347 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Duke Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience Elizabeth Marsh speaks October 27
Duke University Associate Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience Elizabeth Marsh will speak at 4:30 p.m. October 27 at Johns Hall 101 on the topic, “Believing that Humans Swallow Spiders in their Sleep: Understanding the Acquisition of Misconceptions.”
Marsh will share current research on understanding learning and memory and the processes that make memory accurate in some cases and erroneous in others. She will discuss conditions that promote learning and long-term retention of knowledge, the mechanisms through which errors enter the knowledge base, the correction of misconceptions, and the phenomenology of knowledge representations.
Marsh’s visit, part of a colloquium series hosted by the Psychology Department, will also include a talk for faculty, “Cognition in the Classroom: Connecting Cognitive Psychology with Educational Practice,” at 5 p.m. October 28 in Johns Hall 101.
Teaching centers around helping students learn content and skills, remembering what they’ve learned, and applying their knowledge outside of classes, Marsh said. During the faculty talk, she will present simple classroom techniques that promote long-term learning and the research that underlies them.
“In recent years, we have learned a lot about principles of cognitive science that enhance learning and memory and how to implement these principles in educational settings,” said Gil Einstein, William R. Kenan, Jr., Professor of Psychology. “These lectures will offer important evidence-based advice for students and teachers on how to maximize learning and retention—and without necessarily working harder. Beth Marsh is one of the country’s top scholars in this exciting field, and we are looking forward to her visit.”
Marsh is the author of numerous publications on cognition and cognitive neuroscience. She earned her B.A. in psychology from Drew University and her A.M. and Ph.D. degrees in cognitive psychology from Stanford University.
The Oct. 27 lecture is part of Furman’s Cultural Life Program. For more information, contact the Psychology Department at (864) 294-2205. | <urn:uuid:06c65c1d-5e4a-49c8-b8d3-dfc192492d01> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.furman.edu/news/2015/10/22/elizabeth-marsh-to-speak-october-27/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.943936 | 436 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Thiamine is the technical name for a vitamin, also called B1. There are a total of 13 known vitamins, all of which are inorganic substances found in food, since our bodies are unable to synthesize them.
Thiamine is part of a group of vitamins, called the B group, all of which are essential for life
Group B shares a series of properties: they are soluble in water and are related to metabolism , that is, to the set of chemical reactions they produce in our body.
Thiamine is an active molecule, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), so when there is a deficiency it means in our body it can cause some illnesses. In fact, its discovery is based on the proof of its absence in the manifestation of the beriberi disease . This disease has been known since antiquity and manifests itself with neurological symptoms and heart problems.
In the beginning of the 20th century, it was detected that the lack of thiamine is the cause of this pathology, which is historically manifested in the East, where the basic diet is rice and when there is no husk, it causes beriberi. The lack of vitamin B1 is also present among people who suffer from alcoholism, as well as some very specific neurological syndromes (the best known is Korsakoff Syndrome). In relation to alcoholism, we must remember that alcoholic beverages act as an inhibitor of vitamin B1.
Thiamine is present in a large amount of food: in meat, seafood, pasta and cereals
There are foods that have a reduced amount of this vitamin, such as vegetables, dairy products and fruits. The excess of thiamine is not recommended, even without causing toxicity, as it is eliminated in the urine. For this reason it is considered innocuous. According to doctors, the right amount a person should take daily is between 0.4 and 1.4 mg, although these doses vary depending on the age and lifestyle of each person.
Thiamine absorption is fast and is stored in the brain , kidney, heart and especially in the liver, the organ responsible for processing the nutrients that feed us, among other vital functions.
Some medications contain thiamine and are indicated for patients undergoing hemodialysis. toxicity cases are exceptional, as everything that is ingested is not at risk and does not suffer general contraindications. | <urn:uuid:3e7da95d-ee40-4bf6-a022-137eb3c497a7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://englopedia.com/what-is-thiamine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.974351 | 486 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Currently, there are widespread «folk» military practices in North, West and East India; each region traditionally considers them local and purely native. However, that was not always the case.
Those regions, unlike South India, underwent significant social and cultural changes regularly. It is safe to say that it was a melting pot where different traditions were mixed: inviable were sifted and the most practical and usefull remained. Due to these circumstances, at the moment it is impossible to determine which military practices have autochthonal Indian origin, which were brought by late invaders, and which arose as a result of different traditions combination.
In order to clarify this question, first of all it should be realized that there is no direct connection between modern practices and ancient martial arts of Vedic or Classical period of India. Historically this connection could be traced not earlier than up to the Indian Middle Ages. Appeal to classical Sanskrit texts and Kshatriya caste may be of interest only in order to popularize historical knowledge on Indian culture in general. Time gap and, above all, those social and cultural changes, that region came through during the centuries-old period, unlike South India, make it impossible to suggest any continuity.
Trend of division into urban (palace) and rural (communal) traditions in a few studies did not go any further due to the absence of both relevant specialized research and materials itself. Existing unilateralism in descriptions due to the nature of the basic written sources, leads to the description of Indian military practices as purely elite practices of Mughals or Deccan Sultanates. Although there is no doubt that the role and influence of the Turkic and Persian culture should not be underestimated, but this is the same unilateral point of view as to treat these practices as native Indian, connected directly to the Vedic tradition.
Let’s try to address this point through the lens of these two extreme points of view.
Turks invasion of India coincides with the renaissance of Iranian culture and spread of the Persian language. Persian cultural influence spreads throughout the Muslim world. Conquerors of India have already been Persian culture-bearers. In addition to the above, Muslims, unlike other conquerors, did not dissolve in the conquered country but brought their state and military arrangement, way of life, culture and social relations. Traditionally high mobility of Indo-Persian region population should be added as well. Considering all these factors, India had already formed all the prerequisites for the perception of Persian culture in all areas of life by the time of Mughal invasion.
Cultures interaction was not one-sided and imperative. Adoption of many phenomena of Persian culture was due to substitution of similar Indian ones or compromise, as in case of Urdu language, which organically combined Indian dialects and Persian language. In case of autochthonous Indian phenomena, substituted by the introduced Persian ones, the latter began to be perceived as native Indian over time, precisely because of likeness and even similarity of those phenomena. It is conceivable that in some cases there was a substitution of only name or term because of domination of literary Persian language and extant texts.
The main branch, most well documented in written sources, is practices, dated back to the traditions of Indian aristocracy of Turkic descent. In addition to the above, it is important that the martial arts, which were patronized by Akbar, mostly correspond to the practices spread in the Muslim Sultanates of the Deccan. In Lucknow library there were numerous texts on archery, fencing with a stick, a staff and a sword and others of Persian origin.
Accordingly it would be not quite correct to call those practices purely «Persian», as they certainly were influenced by the Indian environment. For example, treatise on swords “Risalah-e-shamshir shanasi” by Nusrat al-Iah Khan, compiled in 1706, contains Indian terminology.
Those practices were widely spread in the period of the Mughal Empire. That line was of aristocratic nature due to the fact that that art was studied even by the highest officials of the state or they patronized the best fighters directly. Jahangir, the fourth ruler of the Mughal dynasty, in his memoirs repeatedly pointed to his interest and patronage to the leading wrestlers and fencers, from whom he took lessons.
Burhan Nizam Shah I (1510-1553-2005), being the Prince of the Ahmednagar Sultanate, was personally fascinated by military practices and put a lot of time into those classes. It is quite natural that it gave rise to numerous followers and imitators and led to the fact that in in each quarter of Ahmadnagar there were schools of martial arts, number of which was equal if not exceed the number of madrasas. Over time, the palace gathered crowds of fencers on swords every day to demonstrate their art in jousts. One or two persons were killed per day. For that reason the duels at the court were forbidden and swordmasters moved outside the city to find out whose skill was better. Initially that practice was recognized as legitimate; the murder in the duel was considered honest and did not entail any consequences. The next step was squabble and murders in the city streets, arising from ordinary arguments.
This phenomenon spread beyond Ahmadnagar and squabble as duels related to aristocratic quarters as well, including philosophers and theologians. And if someone could not stand up for themselves in such a duel, it was judged as lack of spirit and courage.
Famous fencers and wrestlers traveled around India, offering their services as coaches at the courts, and they preferred not to take students from the commons. Their target audience were aristocrats and, first of all, their sons, whose upbringing went in two traditional directions of «pen and sword». Masters were also involved in military instruction and trainings. The Mughal army did not pay much attention to the tactical interaction of the units on the battlefield. But a lot of time was put into physical trainings and individual different weapons skill.
Mughal practices can be distinguished both by technical differences and by the prevailing Persian language terminology. It is highly unlikely that the practices, which were patronized independently in Delhi Sultanate, at the court of Akbar and Muslim sultanates of Deccan, had Dravidian, Rajput or Maratha origin. In the early period of Delhi Sultanate «varzish» (Persian term meaning exercises) was practiced in the force; daily exercises, wrestling and fencing were a part of it.
The fact that those practices were a part of Army military training played an important role, and in the end such kind of practice become deeply adopted in the soldier’s and, therefore, in the peasant environment. The practices existed in colonial troops of the British Army up to the late 19th century as sports entertainment for soldiers.
As time has gone on, combat practices came to an end after methods of war and thus preparation for it were changed. In the soldier’s environment they gradually degraded to the level of sports games, and in the folk environment, where melee skills were in demand for a long time, remained as a modified type.
In addition, it should be considered that physical training in the Mughal army in its turn was necessarily mixed with the pure Indian folk practices brought into the army by recruits.
Unfortunately, now we know only about sports exercises of those practices, besides getting through the soldier’s entertainment of the late 19th century when those practices no longer played a role in individual training of the warrior.
Also real practices were eliminated by the English administration after the Sepoy Mutiny, and later they were adversely affected by general decline of interest in national martial traditions. However, at the end of the 19th century English officer Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell caught three schools of fencing in Meerut and gave a high rating to skills being practiced.
The second branch of the practices, existed in North, West and East India, can be separated from the conditionally «Mughal» tradition on the following features. First, pole-staff skill was backbone, which fencing practices are derived from. It is a surviving part of the All-Indian heritage, which is also traced in practices of Tamil and perhaps Dravidian origin. Second, the basic terminology is Hindi. The most common name of those practices is «kasrat», meaning “an exercise” or “practice” in Hindi. Indian proverb «kar ba kasrat hai» — «practice makes (master) perfect» delivers the meaning of this word best. Those practices existed in Akhara schools, where ascetics and later community militias were traditionally trained.
It was Ascetics, practicing their own methods of military training, having centuries-old practice of mercenarism if not armed banditry, who preserved traditional practices until latest time. It is notable that Maratha were the first to hire ascetics for military service, but their services as military mercenaries were the most in-demand in Rajasthan until the 19th century. Existing along with the civilian population and combining spiritual practices with military training, they were the creators of those traditions and their bearers.
Nevertheless, this branch can not be termed purely Indian for the following reasons. First, to date it is impossible to localize it by territorial or ethnic origin. The population of that regions of India was unprecedentedly paramilitary. After agrarian season was over or in drought seasons peasants drew income from military mercenary service. They were already trained soldiers in terms of individual military training. Swordplay training and military skills in general, began from an early age. In addition to the above, for example, Rajputs had no restrictions for girls and women; almost every village had its own Akhara school. According to the descriptions, in the early 19th century men of that region did not leave the village without a sword, a shield, a bow and arrows, if having a horse it was a long spear and a saddle axe in addition. In the middle of 19th century during Sepoy Mutiny they worked in fields with a shield behind a back and a sword on a side. The high degree of paramilitaryity common to the region, especially of Rajputs, Jats, Gujarats and Maratha, as well as the high mobility of the population, make it possible to state only the existence of popular military practices other than those of South India, or court (palace) practices of Mughal or Deccan Sultanates courts. Second, this branch had certainly experienced influence of the practices that existed in the Sultanates of Deccan, the main population of which were Maratha, as well as Mughal and, respectively, Persian influence, encapsulating kushti-wrestling (which substituted similar Indian practices) and a number of sepoy soldiers practices. The latter was inevitable factor, taking into account the mercenary service of the population of the regions in the Mughal, the East India Company and the British Indian armies.
Even in Maratha military camps, which, according to some data, played a key role in the spreading of the «folk» tradition, there were practiced clearly the above «Mughal» exercises of Iranian origin.
Another significant factor, which makes it difficult to differentiate any martial arts styles in the region, was the attempt to revive those practices as a unified national physical culture in the 19th century, without any deep analysis and research of their origin and their further existing in this new merged and modified form.
Thus, prior to new information or rigorous historical research, actual national military practices in North, West and East India should be assessed given the following circumstances:
- original South Indian origin;
- spread beyond South India along with Ascetics-Shaivites;
- adoption of those practices by Maratha, having parallel influence of «aristocratic» partially Iranian practices, in the age of Deccan Sultanates;
- expansion of Ascetics and Maratha later on to other regions of India;
- influence of physical training, practiced in the army of the Delhi Sultanate and the Great Mughal later on;
- physical activities and entertainment of sepoys in the East India Company and the British Indian armies. | <urn:uuid:d5bc42f4-aa64-4919-ac55-826a2288c389> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://indianfight.com/radzhastan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.973418 | 2,535 | 3.28125 | 3 |
“Amazon’s model of two-day or even same-day delivery of tens of thousands of products through its Prime service demands a large footprint across the country. If Amazon wants to live up to its shipping promises, they need to build warehouses virtually everywhere, beyond the roughly 140 fulfillment centers in operation today. “It requires at least one and sometimes multiple facilities in or near every major consumer market in the U.S.,” notes Good Jobs First in a report on Amazon subsidies.
So it’s not clear why any state or local government would pay Amazon to build something it already must build. Communities seeking jobs may feel the need to compete with neighbors to attract an Amazon warehouse. But to be as convenient as the neighborhood store, Amazon has to physically exist in the neighborhood. Any city with decent roads and a lot of Prime members will eventually become a candidate for a warehouse; they don’t need to top it off with a corporate handout.” | <urn:uuid:7e092cca-9eee-4251-bd8b-a9f075d173a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://goodjobsfirst.org/amazon-thriving-thanks-taxpayer-dollars/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.966094 | 200 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Quick Answer 🔍How many people use Linux in 2022?
Millions of people use Linux.
Linux is the top free operating system that people use as an alternative to paid operating systems.
It’s compatible with literally anything. How many people use Linux is the topic of discussion in this article.
One of the reasons it’s among the favorites of free operating systems is because it can be used on anything. Linux is actually the largest open-source project in the world.
There is so much that can be discussed when it comes to Linux since it’s been around for a very long time and has proven to be one of the best operating systems (OS) in the world.
Believe it or not, Linux is a wildy powerful OS.
It’s actually one of the most powerful on the planet, yet it represents only about 2% of the global OS market.
How can that be a thing?
Let’s talk about how many people use Linux and other facts about this dynamic and powerful operating system.
How Many People Use Linux in 2022?
It’s difficult to get an exact figure on how many people use Linux.
That’s mostly because it’s a free OS and is used by millions despite its low marketshare of the OS market.
That said, here are how many ways Linux is used, which is related to how many people use Linux.
Did you know that Intel is one of Linux Kernel’s most significant contributors?
Linux is so powerful that every single supercomputer in the world runs on Linux. That’s exactly 500 supercomputers.
85% of the world’s smartphones are powered by this OS and out of 25 of the top sites on the globe, only two are not powered by the Linux operating system.
Now you can see how important Linux is all over the globe.
Who Is Using Linux?
To demonstrate the power of Linux, you need to know that social media sites like YouTube, Twitter, and Facebook all use Linux as their OS.
Intel, Google, eBay, Cisco, and other highly visible top sites and apps are running on Linux.
Let’s not leave out all those developers who use Linux. It’s a matter of fact that 76.9% of developers say Linux is their preferred operating system, as of 2020. We also mentioned that Linux is used on 85% of all smartphones.
That said, the Chrome OS and Android are both built on the Linux kernel.
Seeing that Android touts having a global market share of 86%, maybe Linux somehow shares in that instead of its standalone 2% market share.
This alone should show what a major role Linux plays in this industry.
Here’s a fun fact: The special effects in the movie Titanic were powered by the Linux OS.
It was used for rendering frames in the movie. It’s also a big favorite among professional animators.
Finally, to top off the power of Linux, The ESA, NASA, and SpaceX all have used Linux for missions. That should put things into perspective.
Where Did Linux Come From?
During the early 1990s at the University of Helsinki, Linus Torvolds, a student of the university and now a Finish software engineer with the FSF (Free Software Foundation) began the development of Linux.
His goal was to create a system similar to the UNIX OS, MINIX.
Therefore, Linux has been around for about 30 years or so. 1991 was the year that Linux version 0.02 was released, and then in 1994, Linux kernel version 1.0 was released and became the core of the OS.
Throughout the 90s, Linux grew due to developers.
While Linux may not be the user-friendly OS you’ve become accustomed to like Microsoft Windows or Mac OS, it’s an extremely reliable operating system known for the fact that it very rarely crashes.
Where Is Linux Most Popular?
Here is where we will get into the countries and regions where Linux seems to be the most used and appreciated.
Linux is popular in Cuba, Russia, India, and the United States of America in California and Utah.
Since 2005, the Turkish government has used Pardus, which is a Linux-based operating system. Astra Linux is used by the Russian government.
Other governments are gradually migrating to the Linux system since Windows is less reliable and can be used as a spyware tool.
Governments must prioritize their countries and citizens by using the best operating system to prevent data breaches.
In 2007, the United States DOD (Department of Defense) migrated to the Linux system because it offers better security.
You will find that banks, military sectors, law enforcement, and other institutions where security is paramount are starting to find out how much they need Linux.
The Linux OS is expected to achieve $15.64 billion by the end of 2027. The market share of this operating system in 2019 represented $3.89 billion.
One of the many reasons that Linux is growing and is expected to grow so much in the coming years is because of its reliability.
It’s also considered a viable option for an operating system in the gaming industry to help support bigger games.
If you use Steam, you should know that this gaming platform and app are using Linux to prevent crashes.
Because it’s free, Steam can also pass along the savings to their gaming customers.
You should know that since Linux is a free and open-source operating system, keeping up with how many people use Linux is beyond challenging.
Therefore, the easy answer is that millions of people use Linux.
Besides how many people use Linux, we discussed how much developers love and rely on it.
We talked about how much it’s trusted by banks, governments, law enforcement, movie makers, game makers, and the military.
That data alone shows the reliability, viability, stability, and security of the Linux OS and its other distributions.
If you are on social media sites like Facebook, you’re already using a form of Linux. It may not be user-friendly, but when it’s combined with other systems, it’s just so powerful.
Do you run your desktop or laptop on Linux? Are you tech savvy enough to run Linux? Would you consider Linux for your computer’s operating system?
Considering all this data, we have a newfound respect for it and how many people use Linux. | <urn:uuid:8904f8df-df9a-4568-9e3b-f6d2919dba44> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://earthweb.com/how-many-people-use-linux/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.944301 | 1,358 | 2.40625 | 2 |
By Terry W. Johnson
If you are like me, over the winter you spent a few days working in the yard preparing for the spring growing season. If such is the case, chances are you became reacquainted with a vine known as greenbrier. When the plant's abundant thorns snag your clothing or pierce you skin, you are not apt to forget the encounter.
The native plant I am referring to is also known by names such as horsebrier, sawbrier, smilax and catbrier. All told, some 14 species of greenbrier spread their green, woody vines across the Southeast. Although some species do not have sharp spines, we are most familiar with those that sport enough of them to earn the vine the nickname “nature's barbed wire.”
Depending on the species, the vine's leaves are often heart-shaped and can be either evergreen or deciduous. In winter it is easy to spot greenbrier vines adorned with shiny dark green leaves. Indeed, I must admit they bring a touch of color to a winter landscape dominated by gray and brown hues.
Greenbrier thrives in a wide range of habitats. You will find it growing all the way from moist creek bottoms to dry uplands. It is also able to exist in both shade and full sunlight.
Much to the chagrin of Georgia gardeners, greenbrier also has a propensity to thrive in our yards. In mine, I find it trying to gain a foothold in my flower gardens, interlaced with the limbs of my azaleas, trailing along my fences and trying to climb to the tops of my tallest trees.
Greenbrier vines emerge from rhizomes. I have long been amazed how far greenbrier vines can venture out from these gnarly, fleshy root-like structures. I have found greenbrier vines that were 30 to 40 feet long. Yet, I cannot help but wonder how long they can get.
The vines also can attain dizzying heights with the aid of tendrils that extend from joints spaced along their vines. Once a tendril touches any means of support, such as a twig, it quickly wraps itself around it. Consequently, as the vine grows skyward, a network of sturdy anchors that help hold it aloft.
Those vines that grow close to the ground form seemingly impenetrable thickets. If you have ventured into a greenbrier thicket you can attest that the experience is often a nightmare.
In spite of the fact that such patches of thorn-laden vines are despised by homeowners, they provide both nesting and escape cover for wildlife varying from quail to songbirds and rabbits.
Well more than a century ago Eatonton native Joel Chandler Harris wrote a humorous Uncle Remus tale that vividly illustrates the value of brier patches to rabbits. The story reveals how Brer Rabbit tricked Brer Fox into throwing him into a briar patch. As we all know, what the supposedly wily fox didn't realize is that the dreaded briar patch would offer Brer Rabbit thorny protection from the hungry fox.
Nowadays, rabbits are still using greenbrier patches to escape foxes and coyotes, as well as hawks and other predators.
Greenbrier vines are dioecious, meaning they are either male or female. Female vines bear 1/4- to ½-inch fruits that turn blue, red or black when mature. Each fruit contains one to four seeds.
These fruits will often remain on the vines well into winter and provide food for more than 40 songbirds, including hermit thrushes, sparrows, cardinals, American robins, gray catbirds, fish crows, wild turkeys, common grackles, northern flickers and mockingbirds. This past winter I watched a mockingbird eating greenbrier fruits more than 26 feet above the ground.
The fruits are also devoured by opossums and black bears. White-tailed deer, eastern cottontails, and swamp rabbits will eat greenbrier leaves and vines. Believe it or not, beavers will even feed on the rhizomes.
Greenbrier is also important to a fascinating little butterfly known as the harvester. The small, rarely seen butterfly is our only carnivorous butterfly. The harvester lays its eggs on greenbrier leaves. The butterfly does not do this because its caterpillars feed on the plant's leaves. To the contrary, its caterpillars eat wooly aphids that suck juices from the leaves.
The food value of the greenbrier has long been recognized by humans. Some folks mix greenbrier in their salad greens. Others use it to make jelly.
Native Americans used greenbrier to treat urinary infections and joint pain. In the past, the perennial vine also was used to treat gout and skin diseases. Greenbrier tea was sipped to alleviate joint pain.
When we take the time to learn more about this thorny vine, it is obvious greenbrier does have some redeeming values. As such, while I have been fighting a decades long battle to keep greenbrier out of my trees, gardens and shrubs, I do allow it to trail through the undeveloped spots on my property.
Despite this, I must agree greenbrier still deserves the nickname of nature's barbed wire.
Terry W. Johnson is a former Nongame program manager with the Wildlife Resources Division and executive director of The Environmental Resources Network, or TERN, friends group of the division’s Nongame Conservation Section. (Permission is required to reprint this column.) Learn more about TERN, see previous “Out My Backdoor” columns, read Terry’s Backyard Wildlife Connection blog and check out his latest book, “A Journey of Discovery: Monroe County Outdoors.” | <urn:uuid:56d58707-0f78-4386-ac99-2bcaf3addbf0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://georgiawildlife.com/out-my-backdoor-benefits-natures-barbed-wire | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.959314 | 1,220 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Analysis of Factors Affecting Customer Eligibility in Accepting Funding for Arrum BPKB Products
Indonesian people are not so foreign when they hear the word sharia pawnshop, especially if that person cannot borrow at conventional banks. Sharia pawnshop is a non-bank institution in which there are two parts, namely pawn and non-pawn, in pawn there is rahn while non-pawn there are several products, one of which is Arrum BPKB, where in this BPKB Arrum product, sharia pawnshops provide financing to MSME actors to increase income. The purpose of this research is to find out what are the factors that affect the feasibility of customers in receiving this Arrum BPKB financing. The research uses a qualitative research method in which the authors collect data through interviews and field observations in order to find out the maximum results. In this study, the eligibility factors for customers are micro entrepreneurs or MSME actors, have a motorized vehicle, the results of Bank Indonesia checking from each customer are at worst D3, the character of the customer and the size of the business are also determining factors.
Copyright (c) 2022 Wika Lutfiah Sakinah, Muhammad Arif
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. | <urn:uuid:3e4ee763-ce16-495d-9567-41389fdf672f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jurnal.unived.ac.id/index.php/fokusman/article/view/2152 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.922616 | 273 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Back Are these Urdu facts TRUE or FALSE?
Is it true that Christmas is banned in Pakistan? Was the Urdu version of Sesame Street funded by the United States? Is it true that In 2010, whole trees were made into cocoons in Pakistan by spiders. Find the answers to these amazing facts and more here!
FALSE Fact #1: Christmas is banned in Pakistan. TRUE Fact #2: The Urdu version of Sesame Street was funded by the United States TRUE Fact #3: In 2010, whole trees were made into cocoons in Pakistan by spiders. FALSE Fact #4: Anne Hathaway speaks Urdu fluently. TRUE Fact #5: Nineteen Pakistani women crammed themselves into a SmartCar to achieve a world record. FALSE Fact #6: A Pakistani woman holds the Guinness record for the world’s longest hair. TRUE Fact #7: The Pakistan Penal Code prohibits blasphemy against any recognized religion, providing penalties ranging from a fine to death TRUE Fact #8: An English parrot named Mittu learned to speak Urdu. FALSE Fact #9: In Pakistan, public transportation is free. TRUE Fact #10: “Pakistan” means “Land of the Pure” in Urdu. FALSE Fact #11: In Punjab, Pakistan, there’s a water park where you can swim with sharks FALSE Fact #12: The national poet of Pakistan, Muhammad Iqbal, used to dissect frogs for inspiration | <urn:uuid:4857b0c0-4cda-41bc-b668-b12b151ffd36> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.listenandlearnaustralia.com.au/true-or-false-facts/urdu | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.922147 | 297 | 2.296875 | 2 |
The Greatest Discovery. The Phenomenon of Agriculture in 100 Objects
Your Greatest Discoveries
We want to know what you think.
In your view, in what other ways agriculture does or did influence the history of humankind?
What could enable further development of agriculture in future?
Please write to email@example.com.
We will be happy to post your views and ideas on exhibition website .
Picture: Microscope, Simon Plößl, Vienna, 19th century. National Technical Museum | <urn:uuid:b7dc00dc-e6d5-473f-a04e-a6767f73c1a1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nzm.cz/en/the-greatest-discovery-the-phenomenon-of-agriculture-in-100-objects/your-greatest-discoveries | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.866646 | 106 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Sewing is a lifelong learning skill, and this class covers the fundamentals so you can operate a sewing machine with confidence. You will learn everything you need to know to get started including selecting the right needle and thread; winding a bobbin; threading a machine; stitch settings; tension adjustments; trouble shooting common problems; and best practices. A basic sewing machine will be provided for you to use in this class, and you will be able to apply what you learn to any sewing machine that you own. This class will prepare you to make your own projects whether you like to craft, make a quilt, sew garments, or create home décor projects. You will practice some common sewing techniques so you will be well-prepared to tackle your sewing projects. This course is meant for the true beginner with little or no sewing experience. Enrollment will be limited so the instructor can provide ample attention to each student. All class materials will be provided. | <urn:uuid:edcacae2-d76c-4630-bbfe-4915cf9119f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://frederick.augusoft.net/index.cfm?method=ClassInfo.ClassInformation&int_class_id=24021 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.903187 | 192 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Get full access to Outside Learn, our online education hub featuring in-depth fitness, nutrition, and adventure courses and more than 2,000 instructional videos when you sign up for Outside+ Sign up for Outside+ today.
Washington, D.C. Nov. 15, 2001 (AP)–President Bush freed up another $10 million Wednesday to help protect the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City from potential terrorist attacks.
A total of $34.5 million in federal spending has been added to the $200 million Olympic security budget in the aftermath of the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.
It was a small part of the $40 billion anti-terrorism and economic recovery package approved by Congress in September, half of which was to be spent at the president’s discretion.
In October, Bush had previously approved $20 million Defense Department to provide additional military personnel for the Olympics and $4.5 million to buy more metal detectors and surveillance equipment.
With the additional funding, Olympic organizers are confident they can stage a safe and successful games, said Salt Lake Organizing Committee spokeswoman Caroline Shaw.
“The games will go on and we have complete support of the federal government,” she said.
The $234 million in security spending compares to $98 million spent at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.
The state of Utah and the SLOC each budgeted $35 million for security as well.
Within 24 hours of the Sept. 11 attacks, Olympic safety commanders were reassessing their classified security plan.
The additional money will go to expanding the restricted airspace over Olympic venues; add law enforcement personnel at venues, including plainclothes federal agents; fence in some areas; install more metal detectors and surveillance equipment; and place troops at some buildings, such as food warehouses. | <urn:uuid:7d545280-6068-487f-be5f-ab050fdc7130> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.skimag.com/uncategorized/bush-oks-10-million-for-olympic-security-0/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.953571 | 364 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Heavenly Bamboo seeds Nandina Domestica seeds
As the season changes, the foliage becomes blue green, fading to light green. Clusters of bright green berries replace the flowers. By late summer, the berries will ripen to a bright red.
In the fall, the foliage color again begins to change to shades of pink and red, ending the year with bright red leaves and berries. The berries will remain until they are discovered and enjoyed by the local birds.
Heavenly bamboo will slowly grow to 8 feet if it is left alone. However, it can be kept at a very compact size by pruning. This makes it an excellent choice for entryways, patios or foundation plantings.
Multiple plantings may be used as a screen or hedge. It is also suitable for growing as a container plant, indoors.Nandina may be grown in partial shade, but the foliage colors will be much more intense if it is grown in full sun, with a little shade in the hottest part of the day. | <urn:uuid:0253fd89-acd1-4690-ae33-15f710e6c97a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cnseed.org/heavenly-bamboo-seeds-nandina-domestica-seeds.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.940798 | 212 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Helena Smith (2016). Greece looks to international justice to regain Parthenon marbles from UK. The Guardian. 8 May.
Helena Smith (2015). Greece drops option of legal action in British Museum Parthenon marbles row. The Guardian. 13 May.
Helena Smith (2014). Parthenon marbles: Greece furious over British loan to Russia. The Guardian. 5 December.
Helena Smith (2014). Parthenon marbles loaned to Russian museum. The Guardian. 5 December.
Helena Smith (2008). Trade in stolen Iraqi treasures 'fuels al-Qaida'. The Guardian. 19 March.
Helena Smith (2006). It's art squad v tomb raiders as Greece reclaims its pillaged past. The Guardian. 21 July.
Helena Smith (2006). Greece demands return of stolen heritage. The Guardian. 11 July.
Helena Smith (2002). Greeks offer deal to get marbles back. The Guardian. 11 November. | <urn:uuid:9fe509fc-5209-46d3-a27f-18a9f80a3a2c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.culturecrime.org/authors/helenasmith.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.766248 | 204 | 1.507813 | 2 |
A Space in Pittsburgh that Transports Visitors to Tehran and Vice Versa
What does it mean for two international artists to collaborate if their countries have fraught relationships, like Iran and the US? Jon Rubin, based in Pittsburgh, and Sohrab Kashani, based in Tehran, have a history of creating artworks that challenge social impasses and connect people across cultures. In the Creative Capital Project, The Other Apartment, the two artists worked from detailed photographs taken by Kashani—who is not able to travel to the US due to the current travel ban—to meticulously recreate his Tehran apartment and all of his personal possessions at the Mattress Factory Museum in Pittsburgh. Kashani has used his apartment in Tehran as a space for exhibiting contemporary art and as an artist residency. From September 2019 through July 2020, Kashani and Rubin will operate the two spaces as one in The Other Apartment—producing exhibitions, programs, and events where every object, video, and performance that happens in one space is reproduced for the other, keeping both apartments identical across the 6,300 miles that separate them.
We spoke to Rubin and Kashani through a series of emails ahead of the premiere of their project.
Alex Teplitzky—Can you describe the project?
Jon and Sohrab—The Other Apartment is a project that occurs in two sites simultaneously: an apartment in Tehran, Iran, where Sohrab lives, and an exact replica of that apartment and all of its contents, at the Mattress Factory Museum in Pittsburgh (the city where Jon lives). Using detailed photographs from Sohrab (who is not able to travel to the U.S. due to the current travel ban on Iranian citizens), we worked with a team of fabricators to meticulously recreate his Tehran apartment’s facade, interior architecture, and all of his personal possessions. From his soap dish to his furniture, everything in The Other Apartment has been purchased, altered, or entirely fabricated to replicate what exists in Sohrab’s apartment.
For the past 11 years, Sohrab has used space in his apartment for the running of a contemporary art venue and artist residency program, one of the first of its kind in the country. For the nine months The Other Apartment is installed, we will operate this art venue together, producing exhibitions, programs, and events where every object, video, and performance that happens in one space is meticulously duplicated for the other, keeping both apartments identical across the 6,300 miles that separate us.
For us, The Other Apartment functions as a series of theoretical and practical questions within the sad absurdity of our current political condition. What if there was more than one absolute reality? What if we applied theories of quantum mechanics to real life so that you could be in the same space, and in different countries, at the same time? Can you build a reality that functions as a loophole around national borders and economic sanctions? What happens when you put an arts institution in a domestic space inside another art institution? What if you took someone else’s life so seriously that you duplicate it? What gets lost and gained in that act of duplication?
The length we are going to to replicate hundreds of Sohrab’s possessions and the close attention we are paying to the architecture and details of the built rooms functions as a radical act of empathy.
Alex—How did you two start working together?
Jon and Sohrab—We met about twelve years ago through an art project Jon was doing, and have worked on several performances and events since. We’ve been thinking about this project for at least six years. We originally thought we were going to make a sci-fi sitcom together (we still might), based on a family that lives in an apartment located both in Iran and the US. The project called for building the same exact set in both countries and as we started to talk it through, we realized we could take this premise outside of the world of fiction and place it into our own lives.
Sohrab hasn’t been able to travel to the US because of the travel ban so, in many ways, the project has become the simplest way for us to hang out and work together.
Alex—My knowledge of Iran and contemporary life there is based on second-hand knowledge of Iranian refugees and second generation Iranians in Europe and the US. Art and news comes to us slowly—and I imagine it’s the same for others here. Instead, we in the US are forced to see a picture framed by the news, media, and US politicians. The concept of an apartment that exists both in the US and Iran would break down that barrier. How exactly do you foresee this playing out?
Jon and Sohrab—The project quite literally transgresses certain barriers by bringing an entire space from Iran into the US. The length we are going to to replicate hundreds of Sohrab’s possessions and the close attention we are paying to the architecture and details of the built rooms functions as a radical act of empathy. So, just this act of conjuring and displacement is an important one to us.
The second part is the daily operation of the art space in the apartment, this is our opportunity to work together with artists and thinkers in both Iran and the U.S. and have the work they do equally shared in both venues at the same time.
Alex—Can you tell me more about the history of Sohrab’s artspace and artist residency? I’m always curious to learn what challenges artists face in different countries, so what are the challenges specific to Iran? How has the artspace in Tehran proved successful, and what do you hope to communicate to the US-contingent, especially as it relates to other artists that will visit the space?
Sohrab—The artspace, called Sazmanab, started in 2008, the same year Jon and I first met to collaborate on a previous inter-country project. I had moved into an apartment on Sazman-e ab street across from the City’s Department of Water (the English translation of Sazmanab in Farsi). The initiative came out of the urgency I felt to create a place that didn’t exist in the country at the time: a truly independent, international, and experimental curatorial space for Iranian artists to connect with each other and the larger art world outside of Iran. Initially, I called the space Sazmanab, in reference to the Department of Water. I liked the idea of a department that oversees a fluid that is constantly on the move. It’s a great metaphor for the creation of an artspace that wants to defy simple definition or location, allowing for the most artistic freedom. My desire was to explore a space that had none of the constraints and structures of a traditional venue, a space whose identity could change and evolve over time.
Apart from a few privately-owned commercial galleries, the state-run museum of contemporary art, and other state-run galleries in Tehran, back in that time, there were very few spaces in Tehran meant for artistic experimentation and collaboration. Funding Sazmanab over the years proved to be a monumental task—there was no government support or private foundations that would support the type of work I did at Sazmanab. I soon started accepting freelance graphic and web design assignments to pay for Sazmanab’s running costs. During the daytime, Sazmanab was a fully functioning art space and at night it was my home where I lived, worked, and held parties with my friends.
In 2009, Sazmanab expanded into a fully functioning project space where a variety of events and activities were held in collaboration with local and international artists and curators. Since its founding in 2008, Sazmanab has continued to focus on relationships with other institutions, museums, galleries, and practitioners outside Iran. To accomplish this, Sazmanab has often relied on its use of the internet and online communication tools such as Skype, which from 2008 to 2010 (and before starting the Sazmanab residency program) served as its principal means of communicating with institutions and practitioners outside Iran. Shortly after Sazmanab’s renovations in 2010, Sazmanab began its residency program. Sazmanab was the first open-call residency program in Tehran. While some resident artists were housed in the apartment where Sazmanab was located, other resident artists were provided with living and working space in other areas of Tehran. Since 2010, Sazmanab has hosted more than thirty artists and curators in residence. In early 2014, Sazmanab began the relocation process to an old building on Khaghani street near Darvaze Dolat in downtown Tehran.
Most of Sazmanab’s exhibition openings and events were streamed live and were accessible through Sazmanab’s website. Viewers were able to chat and comment online as broadcast happened. At other times and when there was no programming at Sazmanab, the live-stream would feature me at my apartment living and working out of my bedroom/office of Sazmanab.
Over the years, Sazmanab has been located in three main locations in west and downtown Tehran and has also held some of its program off-site in collaboration with other artspaces and venues. Since 2008, As Sazmanab I have set up more than a hundred events and exhibitions at Sazmanab’s main venues and in off-site locations. Events included talks, presentations, lectures, workshops, performances, screenings, book launches, and audio/visual performances.
For the run of The Other Apartment, we will be calling the space Sazmanab – Water Department in a nod to the two versions of the same venue.
The US sanctions against Iran that refers to economic, trade, scientific, and military sanctions has had an adverse effect on Iranians over the years. The impact it has had on Iran’s art community has included travel, shipping artworks, and scarcity of some materials used in creating artworks. As the sanctions take their toll on our economy, it becomes much more expensive to travel, take part in exhibitions abroad, and to create new artwork. This spells more compromises for artists and other art practitioners in Iran; they would have to take on certain assignments and work with entities they would normally not collaborate with to make ends meet.
Alex—Do you think this project is only possible because of contemporary technologies you are using, like 3D printers or Skype? On the other hand, there is a tradition of virtual space moving ideas across geography in art history—even before the Renaissance. How do you hope people in the US will experience this virtuality, and how will they experience it in Iran?
Jon and Sohrab—There are a lot of virtual ways to connect to each other these days and both of us have produced projects that have used technology to connect Americans and Iranians with each other. But for us, in this project, it was very important that viewers have a very real, tangible, and physical experience of place and displacement.
There are unique challenges for how the work will be experienced in each site. In Iran, people will be walking into an actual apartment, without the context of a museum, and we will need to let them know that everything they see is entirely replicated in Pittsburgh. There will be various methods to communicate this including didactic text, a catalog that shows the replicated rooms and objects of the other apartment and a project website that will make people aware of the central premise of The Other Apartment and the logistics behind its production. In Pittsburgh we have the advantage of the frame of art that a museum provides. It’s interesting how the apartment is quite ordinary at first glance, its rooms filled with the normal stuff of everyday life. Our hope is that once the premise is known to a viewer in Iran or Pittsburgh, they will see the uncanny quality of the objects and apartment that surrounds them, a place where everything is both real and fake at the same time. In the end, we see The Other Apartment as a third space, a place that hovers between two specific cultural conditions, both familiar and destabilizing to each.
Alex—Has Creative Capital been helpful in developing this project at all?
Jon and Sohrab—Certainly the project could not have happened without the support from Creative Capital. Having the Creative Capital approval and funding made it quite easy to approach institutions for additional support.
Read more about the exhibition featuring The Other Apartment, now on view at the Mattress Factory in Pittsburgh, PA, open September 27. | <urn:uuid:ec0ceec5-2f76-4400-a5e3-dab23ff16d74> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://creative-capital.org/2019/10/15/a-space-in-pittsburgh-that-transports-visitors-to-tehran-iran-and-vice-versa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.972617 | 2,593 | 1.578125 | 2 |
I hadn’t felt very well for a few days but one morning I woke up and could barely move. Every muscle in my body was screaming on fire. I had a fever. About 104 degrees F. I wasn’t going anywhere that day, I felt terrible but I was excited. My cat, Hickory, came to lay on the bed with me while I sweated there. He was new to the family and looked at me as if to say, “now you get it human, hang out and relax. You don’t need to work so hard.”
My fever was so high I was not thinking clearly. I knew there was a homeopathic remedy that would help me but I couldn’t remember which one in my state. I thought of something Dr. Thom said one day in class. “An acute illness is one that you either recover from on your own or you die.” I felt as if the latter would happen at any moment.
Eventually my fever broke and I not only started feeling better, I started feeling the best I had felt in my life. It wasn’t just the juxtaposition of the illness though. I felt as if something deeper had cleared within my body and soul. I knew that something had shifted in me.
How to Stay Healthy?
Many people with a fever that high would have called the doctor, or taken something to bring the fever down. But fevers aren’t necessarily a bad thing and it seems as if the wrong lessons may have been learned about fevers. And aspirin may have had something to do with it. Let me explain.
World War I from 1914-1918 became the bloodiest conflict to that point in human history. The combination of modern technology with battle tactics from the 18th century proved to be extremely deadly and indecisive. Soldiers would charge positions with machine guns only to be slaughtered senselessly in moments. At the first Battle of the Marne, over 10,000 French and British soldiers were killed in approximately 30 minutes. During the retreat, the German soldiers didn’t even fire upon the enemy they were so sickened by the slaughter.
Needless to say, when the armistice came on November 11th there was much celebration. People would go out and see their friends and family. Soldiers started returning home too. But as the soldiers returned some carried with them influenza. People started feeling feverish and achy. Aspirin had two different names on either side of the Atlantic Ocean and two different uses. In the US it was mostly used for pain. In Europe it was used to lower fevers. The soldiers learned the fever reducing usage from being at war in Europe and told family members to take some to reduce their fever. Of course, when they did that they felt better but they were still sick. Not only that, they were still contagious. They would increase infection rates during the celebration as they were seeing people exposing them to the virus.
Now this strain of influenza was particularly virulent and probably would have killed a lot of people. At that time, however, aspirin was considered a wonder drug and the dosage rate of aspirin was extremely high. When aspirin is combined with a viral infection it can cause a very deadly side illness called Reye’s Syndrome. Many people are believed to have died from that. The aspirin was given to lower the fever but with Reye’s syndrome it doesn’t work and people can hemorrhage as a result. Of course, doctors didn’t learn that fact until many years later. They thought that the cause of death was the high fever. The lesson was that high fevers are deadly and we should lower them as quickly as possible. This was standard practice in medicine up until recently and paranoia of fevers continues to this day.
Fevers, though, allow our bodies to tune up. Fevers help the body fight off infections. The fever is caused by an immune response in the body and allows it to discover and fight invaders appropriately. Immune cells work more efficiently and make the viruses and bacteria less efficient. Our bodies clean out cells that have been taken over by viruses. The fever redistributes metals in the body so that two things happen. One, bacteria can’t feed on the metals to make themselves stronger and two, the excess metals can be eliminated by the liver. Not only does this help fight infection, it helps with mental health too as we will see in later blog posts. Fever is a good thing for the body.
Fortunately this lesson is slowly being unlearned. In fact, many medical schools are now teaching otherwise. The Yale School of Medicine recommendation for children is that you can wait out a fever up to 105 degrees Fahrenheit. That’s high! But our bodies are designed to do that although it is generally not a very comfortable experience. As I lay there that day, Hickory next to me, with the 104-degree temperature, I felt I would die at any moment. But I didn’t and I was stronger for it.
Note: As a general rule, I ask patients to call me if the fever goes over 104 degrees Fahrenheit. I like to have a plan in place with them in case it spikes quickly but I’ve not had to intervene in over 10 years of practice. | <urn:uuid:19d0aca7-25d5-419d-b679-2ab0334bdb59> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://askdrgil.com/how-to-stay-healthy-fever-as-cure/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.987913 | 1,094 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Taking a new approach to solar grid connections
We have to speed things up and reduce the cost
IT’S CLEAR that our current electric grid interconnection model is unsustainable if Massachusetts is to build the amount of renewable energy that will be required for the coming years and decades.
The Commonwealth’s efforts to formalize new standards for interconnection are a laudable first step, but there is much at stake. There are currently over 600 megawatts of projects being studied for interconnection that are facing costs that are five, 10, and in some cases 20 times higher than historical prices. That’s enough to power over 98,000 homes with clean energy every year. If projects in the current pipeline cannot even be completed, there is no chance of completing projects five to 10 years from now. We will not reach the goals established in the Clean Energy Roadmap created in the comprehensive climate legislation signed by Gov. Charlie Baker earlier this year unless we fundamentally change our approach to building more clean energy and connecting it to the grid.
Distributed solar generation is one of the most effective ways to meet our Commonwealth’s climate and clean energy goals while improving equity and access to renewable energy for historically disadvantaged communities. The delivery of these significant benefits for Bay Staters, however, requires a comprehensive overhaul of the process by which we connect solar projects to the grid.
Fortunately, the Baker administration, the Massachusetts Legislature, and the Department of Public Utilities all recognize the importance of a modern grid that can support our growing need for clean renewable energy and have begun working to address this challenge. A swift resolution will be necessary to ensure the fulfillment of our 2030 emission reduction goals and our 2050 net-zero climate plans.
One of the biggest hurdles we currently face in expanding our use of renewable energy is that utilities cannot plan in a holistic way for distributed solar projects to quickly be connected with the grid. Individual applications for projects are studied and analyzed as they come in, one by one. Long delays drive up the cost of the interconnection process as the projects sit in limbo. While having an abundance of solar energy projects is a good thing, a better approach would be for utilities to define areas of capacity for growth so that developers can fill those needs.
A second challenge is that our state model requires the interconnecting customer to pay the entire cost of upgrading the grid to link with a clean energy resource such as a solar installation.
This system places an undue burden on the interconnecting customer, while the benefits of expanded renewable energy – cleaner air and improved public health as a result of reduced pollution, new clean energy jobs and economic development, and a strong and modern electric grid built to withstand the increasing strain of climate change – are shared by all. Investing in a better interconnection system now will save us all money in the long run.
The Commonwealth should be commended for efforts to resolve the current interconnection challenges blocking renewable energy projects from their full potential to benefit customers. Options to improve interconnection standards are being examined in multiple venues, including proceedings at the Department of Public Utilities and a recent hearing held by the Legislature’s Committee on Telecommunications, Utilities, and Energy where I testified in support of Rep. Thomas Golden’s bill, H3313, An Act Relative to Modern Grid Access and Customer Service. Golden’s bill would place time limits on interconnections and cap how much interconnecting customers would pay, with utility ratepayers picking up any balance.
Golden’s bill will modernize and improve our interconnection process, enabling a pathway to successful deployment of distributed solar energy. It is a fundamental but necessary shift in the way we plan for the distribution of energy and equip our grid to deliver it to ratepayers.With the demand for distributed solar energy growing quickly here in Massachusetts and our ambitious climate goals on the line, timely action from the Commonwealth to chart a new path for modern, equitable interconnection standards is of the utmost importance.
Kaitlin Kelly O’Neill is the northeast regional director for the Coalition for Community Solar Access, a group of solar businesses and nonprofits. She is the former deputy director of the renewable division of the Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources. | <urn:uuid:5fb835b9-d531-4657-8274-9e6d4b609695> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://commonwealthmagazine.org/opinion/taking-a-new-approach-to-solar-grid-connections/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.935091 | 852 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Falsified medicines are dangerous. Although often produced in filthy, unsafe conditions, they can look exactly like the real thing. But, importantly, they are NOT the real thing. Here are some common questions and answers.
Some people argue that, far from being dangerous, falsified medicines enable people to access medicine that they would not otherwise be able to, for example because of cost or availability. Those who make this argument assume two things. First, they assume that the fake is an exact copy of the real thing, that it has been produced in a hygienic manufacturing facility and has the correct ingredients. Second, they assume that it will not have any harmful ingredients.
Fake medicines are not a cheap alternative to the real thing. They are, instead, a dangerous, global healthcare crime. There is a very good chance that a fake will have been produced in filthy conditions. It may contain too little, none or too much of the active ingredient, and may also contain other substances which could be harmful or, indeed, fatal. Heavy metals, boric acid, lead-based paint, floor polish – all these and more have been found in fake medicines.
People assume that a fake medicine will be easy to identify. They think that if the fake is produced in conditions like those pictured above, it will obviously look like a cheap imitation. Many people think that the counterfeiter aims only to make a quick buck from a gullible buyer, who won’t spot that the medicine is fake until it is too late and the counterfeiter has moved on to his next victim. Would these same people believe that they would be able to tell a fake medicine from a genuine one? Why not take the test and see if you can tell which tablet is the genuine one and then, if you are really confident you’ve got it right, think how confident you’d be if your life depended on it.
The reality is that you would not be able to tell the difference. The counterfeiter is not here today and gone tomorrow. He isn’t trading on a street corner in a vacation resort. He is part of a highly sophisticated web of organised criminal networks, and these networks make an estimated 75 – 200 billion USD per annum globally. The counterfeiter’s biggest pay-off comes when his product looks so much like the real thing, that it is indistinguishable. When that is achieved, he can infiltrate legitimate supply chains as well as distributing widely via the internet to unsuspecting patients. And the one which is fake? Well, does it really matter? Buy a fake medicine and you are not getting a cheap imitation. you are endangering your life, without even knowing it. | <urn:uuid:5753c665-b30d-4ad5-a2fb-f4d25ba3c114> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://onlinepatientsafety.org/buyer-beware/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.970245 | 548 | 2.5 | 2 |
SAO PAULO (CNS) — About two weeks before the opening ceremony for the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Father Leandro Lenin Tavares was putting the final touches on what he hopes will be a very successful spiritual mission: coordinating the interreligious center for athletes at the Olympic Village.
"We hope that the center will encourage harmony and unity among different countries and among different religions," Father Tavares told Catholic News Service.
He said the center would be open from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m., seven days a week, from July 24-Aug. 24 for Olympic athletes and their delegations and Sept. 1-21 for Paralympic athletes and delegations.
The center will have five meeting rooms, each occupied by one of the five faiths chosen by the International Olympic Committee: Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam. The Catholic Church will represent the Christian faith.
The center will host not only group meetings and Masses but also will offer individual guidance to those who seek religious support.
In the Catholic space, Masses will be held in Spanish, Portuguese and English on a daily basis, but Father Tavares said there would be priests who speak also French and Italian, for individual or group support. He said some delegations have chosen to bring with them their own religious leader, and that they will also be able to use the interreligious center for their spiritual needs.
"The German delegation, for example, is expected to bring its own chaplain," said the priest who participated in a similar center at the 2015 Toronto Pan-American Games.
Father Leandro said although he understands the criticism the center’s organizers recently received from leaders of other religions that were not included in the center, the Olympic Committee made the choices based on overall religious representation of the athletes competing.
"Athletes who seek these types of services come not only for spiritual guidance, but to find emotional balance before they compete. I hope they will all find the support they seek" and, during the competition, reflect "the harmony and unity they will see in here." | <urn:uuid:446a7132-7822-4545-93d2-2b2f87256948> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://catholiccourier.com/articles/catholic-priest-to-coordinate-interreligious-center-at-olympic-village/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.967719 | 429 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Undergraduate Student Report 2020
Fungal colonization of voice-prosthesis biofilms and its use as a predictor of device longevity in total-laryngectomy patients.
Alaina Cockerell, University of Exeter
I am a 4th year physics student studying for an MPhys at the University of Manchester. Last summer, I was given the great opportunity to undertake a BMS-funded summer project in the groups of Dr Alexandra Brand and Dr David Richards at the University of Exeter.
Dr Brand’s group in the MRC Centre for Medical Mycology had already undertaken a study of the organisms that form biofilms on voice prostheses, devices that enable head and neck cancer patients who have undergone total laryngectomies to speak. These devices are made from soft polymer and so can easily become compromised by the formation of a biofilm. In particular, infestation by fungi can cause them to swell and stiffen, contributing to the mechanical failure of the device (Figure 1). Frequent changes of these devices are both taxing on the patient and costly to the health service.
The purpose of my project was to use a computational approach to analyse the existing dataset of over 800 fungi and bacterial isolates from voice prostheses donated by a cohort of total-laryngectomy patients. The aim was to identify positive and negative relationships between the isolates and probe the dataset for indictors that would act as a predictor of device longevity in these patients.
The study involved a cohort of 14 study participants who submitted both their voice prostheses and oral rinse samples over a period of 13 months. Participant factors included in the analysis included whether the participant used dentures, antacids, nystatin (an antifungal) or antibiotics. From the 66 voice prostheses and 61 oral rinse samples, 885 microbial isolates were identified, representing 11 species of fungi and 70 species of bacteria.Figure 1: Colonisation of voice prostheses by fungal and bacterial biofilms cause device failure through occlusion and stiffening, leading to the need for frequent replacement by total-laryngectomy patients.
My first task was to identify a core profile of microbes for each participant and to investigate whether this was consistent throughout the participant cohort. After trying various options, I found that the most useful definition of a core profile were those organisms that were present in more than half of the samples. My analysis showed that participants carried a core profile over time that was specific to each individual.
With guidance from Dr Richards, I then used MATLAB (a computer programming environment) to carry out a number of statistical tests between both the participant factors and the organisms themselves. Although the sample size was relatively small, by analysing data over time from both voice prosthesis and oral rinse samples, my analysis revealed a number of associations between microbes and patient factors that can be investigated in future studies.
I then calculated the phi coefficient (a measure of the correlation between pairs of organisms) for all pairs of organisms, with a colour-map used to translate the coefficient to a colour for ease of visualisation. Finally, the organisms with the most positive and most negative coefficients were selected to be included in a correlation network figure. This showed which organisms were likely to be found together, such as, for example, co-colonisation of voice prostheses by Candida krusei and C. tropicalis.
I would like to thank the BMS for the opportunity of a Summer Bursary, particularly during this time when Covid-19 has made traditional biology projects difficult to pursue (Figure 2). The award has contributed to a manuscript soon to be submitted for publication by the Brand group and, excitingly, the experience in MATLAB programming and data analysis with Dr Richards has enabled me to obtain a PhD position in computational biology at the University of Exeter that will start this October. I would also like to acknowledge the work of Dr Ijeoma Okoliegbe, who collected the dataset during her PhD with Dr Brand, and the ENT Clinic staff at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary through whom the study was conducted.
Figure 2: Research during lockdown! From left to right: Dr Alexandra Brand, Alaina Cockerell, Dr David Richards.
BMS Undergraduate Student Bursary, 2020 | <urn:uuid:c34dddfa-f8c1-40d0-834e-ab3447bbf4b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.britmycolsoc.org.uk/science/UG-bursaries/voice-prosthesis-biofilms | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.947198 | 883 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Numerology is a pseudoscientific belief system that emphasizes the mystical or divine relationship between numbers and letters. It has become widely associated with astrology, divination, and the paranormal. Despite its popularity, many people have questioned its validity. Here’s a quick overview of the concept. This article will address some of the most common myths surrounding numerology. If you are curious about numerology, keep reading!
Let’s first define numerology. This form of divination uses vibrational properties to reveal personal information. Numerology is a great way to interpret dreams and texts. Even the letters of your name have symbolic meaning, so numerology is the perfect tool to discover what is inside of you. The principle of numerology states that every letter and number in our name has meaning, and you can use these numbers to understand what the future may hold for you.
Pythagoras’ theory of numerology is rooted in the early Greek mathematician Pythagoras. He believed that all things are based on a specific pattern of numbers. Pythagoras’ numerology studied numerical interrelationship. For example, the number 5 signified marriage, and the number 9 represented the occult.
Numerology’s first principle is that everyone has significant dates in their life. These dates have a lot of meaning for most people. Numerology can help you uncover hidden talents and opportunities. You can uncover secrets about yourself by studying your birth date. This method of divination has many benefits. This method of divination can reveal your personality’s hidden characteristics and help you identify opportunities that may not have been discovered otherwise.
A similar principle applies to zodiac signs. This means that there is a connection between astrological signs, zodiac signs, and the numbers. A person might be born in Scorpio on a day when three appears in Capricorn. This is because the number three is opposite the sun. Therefore, if your zodiac sign is in Capricorn, you will have a number that matches. If you’re a woman, you’re more likely to have a higher life-force than a man born under a sign of Aquarius or Virgo.
Besides zodiac signs, Numerology also tells people about their life path numbers. Similar to the horoscope birth chart, these numbers are easy to calculate. To calculate your life path number, simply add the digits of your birth date and month. This gives you the general themes and directions of your life. The process is easy and simple: all you need is your full date of birth.
Numerology has many benefits. Numerology is a powerful tool to help you discover your true self. Numerology uses five core numbers to help you understand your life path. Ultimately, it reveals what life purpose you have for yourself and how you can fulfill it. This ancient science of numbers has been used to predict the future for many cultures and can provide important insights into your destiny.
Those born under the sign of Three are the entertainers of numerology. The three is outgoing, dazzling, and creative, and enjoys expressing itself in different ways. The creative arts and entertainment are popular among Threes, and they have a charm that can help others perceive their true self. Often, these individuals are talented in writing, performing in public, or giving a speech. It is important to let your emotions out without being afraid to speak up. | <urn:uuid:772b7bf9-a9c6-4b42-adb0-f6eb751b3f5f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://730evaluation.com/1444-numerology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.948023 | 713 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Garry and Kyle Ratcliffe are adoptive parents of four children with severe medical needs, and just last year, the family was living in a three-bedroom bungalow much too small for them and all their medical supplies.
BBC One’s DIY SOS team lead by Nick Knowles heard their story and came to the couple’s rescue. In just nine days, the tiny bungalow was knocked down and a 5-bedroom home fit for the family’s needs was built in its place.
A Dream Come True
With 100 volunteers, the DIY SOS team implemented everything the family might need. The home is equipped with state-of-the-art medical technology, spacious halls for wheelchair access and cameras to monitor the children as they sleep.
The family’s counselor, Jenny Whittle, explained to BBC why the couple is so deserving: “they’re superheroes. It’s very much a way of life for them. I have never heard them complain and they don’t label their children.”
Probably The Nicest People You Could Imagine
Garry and Kyle met ten years ago with a shared dream to become parents to vulnerable children. Hayden, their first foster child, was stuck in the system because of his cerebral palsy. Now 13-years-old, he’s been adopted into the family and is thriving.
Soon after Hayden’s paperwork was finalized, Curtis joined the family. Given only months to live, he is now 6-years-old. Curtis has severe epilepsy and is blind with cerebral palsy, but the loving care provided by Garry and Kyle has improved his health.
Bella and Phoebe are sisters who the couple didn’t want to see separated. “There was a risk the girls would be split up. It’s quite a ruthless market, a catalogue of ‘oh I like that one’ or ‘she’s got Down’s, we don’t want a child like that,'” Garry told BBC.
Bella is 11-years-old and living with Down’s Syndrome, while her sister Phoebe, six, is physically healthy but suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder. Taken in by Garry and Kyle, the girls won’t ever have to live apart.
Building Dignity For These Kids
Builders, roofers, electricians, painters and plumbers all joined the DIY SOS team to make sure the house was ready for the children.
“We need space and dignity for all of these kids,” Garry said emotionally.
On the day of the grand reveal, the weight of the gift was overwhelming for the couple. They were overcome as they realized how much thought had gone into creating a home that would enable their children to be who they are.
“You have futureproofed our lives. Thank you.” | <urn:uuid:72531712-7986-4007-a7c0-fe1cc1020f5c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://livestly.com/this-5-bedroom-diy-home-was-built-in-9-days-for-the-sweetest-family/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.97605 | 606 | 1.601563 | 2 |
By Kelly Kelbly, Parks & Recreation Assistant Director
Those of us who work in the Park and Recreation industry know it isn’t always fun and games, but since July is National Park and Recreation Month, we want to celebrate everything that makes our field fun and full of joy and excitement.
Since 1985, America has celebrated this as Park and Recreation Month. This year’s theme is “Game On!” A game is defined as a form of play or sport, especially a competitive one played according to rules and decided by skill, strength, or luck.
The College Station Parks and Recreation Department offers everything from summer camps to sports leagues to special events, so there’s a chance for anyone of any level to get in a game.
For example, kids can stop by the Lincoln Recreation Center to test their skills at knockout, ping-pong, or hula hooping. Those in Lick Creek Nature Center programs are often found playing chase or tag. Older kids can drop by the Southwood Community Center, Meyer Senior & Community Center, or Lincoln Recreation Center to play 42, bridge, and mahjong.
If you’re interested in competitive sports, we offer youth basketball and flag football leagues throughout the year, and swimmers can join the Tsunamis, our summer swim team. We also partner with several organizations to ensure that soccer, baseball, and softball options are available.
Adults can compete in Ultimate Frisbee, spike ball, softball, kickball, basketball, and volleyball leagues.
But the fun doesn’t end there.
Throughout the year, we host dozens of tournaments that showcase outstanding athletes in a variety of sports. If you don’t want to compete, we invite you to drop by as a spectator.
Put me in coach; I’m ready to play!
About the Blogger
Assistant Director Kelly Kelbly is in her 18th year with the College Station Parks & Recreation Department. A native of Gilmer, Kelly is a 1998 graduate of Texas A&M.
If you found value in this blog post, please share it with your social network and friends! | <urn:uuid:e4d44492-f6fb-40be-83a9-100574ace4c3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.cstx.gov/2019/07/01/parks-and-rec-offers-many-ways-to-get-your-game-on/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.949209 | 446 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Vikings are truly history’s badasses – the wolf fur wearing, Sleipnir-taming conquerors that have left their incredible mark all over the world. And though one might think of them as mountain-sized savages, the truth is that Vikings cared about their appearances as much as they cared about Odin. Not only they were known for their love for sauna and general cleanliness, but also their red or blond meticulously well-kept manes, that have led the Viking men to be regarded as wife-stealers and maid charmers. Continue reading »
Few have heard of it, let alone been. Our destination is Shetland in the far north of Scotland, where one of the most incredible festivals in Europe is held. On the last Tuesday of January, the town of Lerwick goes more than a little mad. Up Helly Aa is a lot more than a sub-arctic bonfire and booze-up. It’s a superb spectacle, a celebration of Shetland’s history and a triumphant demonstration of the islanders’ skills and spirit. Fifty helmeted Vikings and a burning Norse galley. Unmissable! Continue reading »
Up Helly Aa celebrates the influence of the Scandinavian Vikings in the Shetland Islands and culminates with up to 1,000 ‘guizers’ (men in costume) throwing flaming torches into a longboat.
Vikings take to the streets of Lerwick. (Andy Buchanan/AFP/Getty Images) Continue reading » | <urn:uuid:8cd52f9c-e2b6-40e4-9fb8-34002df7a6ec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://designyoutrust.com/tag/vikings/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.94758 | 317 | 1.75 | 2 |
Air pollution, mud, grime and publicity to daylight are some main threats in your pores and skin. Displaying 1 to 25 of 500 Articles in Vogue & Cosmetics. Actually, your lips are a lot more delicate than the remainder of your pores and skin because unlike your skin, which has the power to hydrate and regulate moisture, your lips haven’t any sebaceous glands or lipids (fat) to assist them retain moisture.
1. In case your nasal folds are solely superficial, it’s possible you’ll put on a glycolic acid moisturizer in a lotion or cream type. That is simply an artificial form of the acids obtained in fruit. It can assist to eliminate smaller wrinkles. Moisturizers may be useful in dislodging previous skin cells at the exterior level, and swapping them with brisker, younger cells from underneath. This methodology is effective at decreasing effective wrinkles and laughter traces.
Skinny Body Care started off pre-launch in early December 2010. The time of the official launch is in late January 2011. Any pre-launch home based business opportunty puts up a red flag as a result of ceaselessly the home enterprise opportunty goes belly up after a few months or is riddled with every kind of issues.
Finding a top quality plant based mostly facial moisturizer for dry growing older skin is the best answer that you can hope for. If you want your pores and skin to reap the maximum profit possible from a moisturizing agent, then seek for the skin anti getting older formulas containing the pure oils and emollients listed above. Your skin can be happier for it.
To determine paraben free merchandise, search for labels that say “preservative free” or that in any other case declare that preservatives will not be used. You might also discover paraben free merchandise which can be labeled as organic or all natural. But, you will need to read the labels because not all “pure” merchandise are utterly paraben free. | <urn:uuid:2d31b4be-5782-4dd1-8a4b-e7d93d4a72d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.amisdemontaigne.net/the-most-overlooked-fact-about-facial-revealed.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.910581 | 417 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Several sets of standards and frameworks have been developed to provide a common base of understanding and expectation for pen tests. Some examples have been listed below.
- Developed by the Communications-Electronic Security Group (now the National Cyber Security Centre), which is part of the UK Government Communications Headquarters. This scheme ensures that government agencies and public entities can contract with certified companies to identify vulnerabilities in their confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) by testing their networks and other systems.
The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) Testing Framework
- Developed by a multinational organization that collects and shares security practices with software developers, this framework provides pen testing and other testing techniques for each part of the software development life cycle. For more information, refer to www.owasp.org.
Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual (OSSTMM)
- Developed by the Institute for Security and Open Methodologies (ISECOM), this document is a peer-reviewed guide to security testing and analysis that enables you to tighten up operational security. For more information, refer to www.isecom.org/research.
Penetration Testing Execution Standard (PTES)
- Developed by security service practitioners to provide business professionals and security service providers a basic lexicon and guidelines for performing pen tests. The PTES is the general standard, while detailed information is provided in the PTES Technical Guide. For more information, refer to www.pentest-standard.org.
NIST SP 800-115
- Developed by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the Technical Guide to Information Security Testing and Assessment provides practical recommendations for designing, implementing, and maintaining pen test processes and procedures. | <urn:uuid:60e79e6f-59b0-4520-bcf9-68f1fd5edd8e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hack.technoherder.com/pen-testing-standards-and-frameworks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.911855 | 352 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Job at Google in 6 months recipe
TL;DR Read three books, watch two classes, solve problems at topcoder/codeforces/projecteuler. Links are below.
If you are interested in getting a job at Google, you’ve probably already read Steve Yegge’s famous post (if you didn’t, read it first). It assumes you have only a couple of weeks for preparation and focuses on topics. I used it as a checklist. This recipe focuses on resources; depending on your background, requires 3–6 months, and gives you pretty good chances to pass the interview even if you never knew the difference between a graph and a hash table.
After following the recipe you will
- have basic math, algorithm and data structure knowledge required for the interview
- change the way you think about problems, expressing them using mathematical models (it is not scary, rather fun)
- possibly love learning. Here at Google it is a continuous process and not less intensive.
- learn nothing about system design (see below)
I spent 2/3 of time on education and 1/3 on solving problems, but that’s because I had almost zero CS knowledge. If you just need a refresher, you should probably spend more time on problems.
The lecturer, Prof. Tom Leighton, is just great. He gives simple real-life examples that help understanding material easily. The course is designed for undergraduate students.
Learn algorithms and data structures
- Watch MIT’s Introduction to Algorithms video course.
- Read Introduction to Algoritms book by Cormen et al.
- Do homework
- Write algorithm and data structure implementations yourself. Write unit tests
- Skim through the second part of Algorithm design manual book by Skiena. It is a catalog of well-known algorithmic problems. The first part is not required since Introduction to Algorithms covers theory pretty well
- Optionally, skim through Algorithms book by Sedgewick. He covers 3-way-quicksort and has great illustrations
The Introduction to Algorithms book is the primary source of knowledge in the whole recipe. The video lectures mainly explain the material in the book, bring some fun, but also present something not covered by the book.
The book is big, but according to Steve and reports available on the Internet, not all knowledge presented in the book is required for the interview. At least you should read the material covered by the lectures. I enjoyed reading more because it turned out to be soo interesting.
I believe writing code after reading theoretical material is the only way to memorize it and find real-life obstacles, not obvious from pseudocode. For instance, Dijkstra’s algorithm pseudocode initializes distance for all nodes in the beginning. In practice it will cause unnecessary memory waste and it is much more efficient to assign distance to a node on discovery. I wouldn’t figure this out without implementing it myself.
I didn’t have time to read it all, but Part I Fundamentals is worth reading even if Java is not your language. You must be able to tell why a given piece of code won’t work multi-threaded and how to fix it.
The second part of the recipe is simply solving algorithmic problems available at contest sites, such as TopCoder and Codeforces. Solve as many problems as time permits. It is OK to feel “I am stupid” when looking at a problem. I still have it, yet I’ve got a job.
Two main languages for an interview are Java and Python. Choose one and use it to solve all problems.
There is a plenty of interview problems posted on the Internet. Here are some of them:
Problems at topcoder/codeforces are generally more difficult than published interview problems, so make sure you know how to solve all interview problems that you find.
Learn system design
You will be asked system design questions for sure. This recipe does not cover it. I didn’t prepare for system design and regretted. If you have a book/course recommendation, please post in comments.
Good luck, but more importantly prepare for intensive self-development. After getting the job you will find this material was just a tip of an iceberg.
Originally published at https://www.tumblr.com on March 23, 2014. | <urn:uuid:2d9d1cca-2170-4bc2-8898-a6bca1850659> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nodir.medium.com/job-at-google-in-6-months-recipe-20c5bf3104d9 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.941139 | 936 | 1.804688 | 2 |
October 23, 2006
STREET CLASHES IN BUDAPEST
Street clashes erupted in Budapest today when riot police used water cannons and fired rubber bullets and tear gas to break up a demonstration near Hungary’s Parliament building. Today marks the 50th anniversary of the Hungarian uprising against Soviet control. The anniversary has taken on other anti-government tones this year. Protesters have been demanding the resignation of Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsany for weeks now. Demonstrations began in September after the broadcast of A leaked tape in which Gyurcsany admitted to lying about Hungary’s economy to win re-election.
STAYING THE UNPOPULAR COURSE IN IRAQ
Iraq’s Deputy Prime Minister was in London today to ask British leaders to keep their troops in Iraq. The war has become increasingly unpopular in both the US and the UK and polls consistently show that a majority of Iraqis want the foreign military occupation to end sooner than later. More than 80 US soldiers have died in Iraq this month, making it the deadliest month for US forces so far this year. British military officials have indicated plans to reduce troop numbers by about half in 2007. In Washington today, the Bush administration said that “milestones”, not dates will determine when US forces withdraw from Iraq.
A CALL FOR GUN CONTROL
International human rights groups are urging governments to vote for a United Nations treaty that would establish new ways to monitor the gun trade. Haider Rizvi reports from the United Nations.
Delegates from many countries have said they will vote for a resolution to establish a treaty to control small arms, but the United States, Russia, China and other major exporters of small weapons are against it. Human rights groups say in the past three years more than one million people have died as a result of small arms proliferation. A number of Noble peace prize winners, including Desmond Tutu, Mohammed AlBradaie, and Shirin Ebadi, have endorsed the call in favor of the proposed treaty. Experts at the United Nations estimate that gun manufacturers and traders make more than a trillion dollars in sales every year. The vote on the proposed treaty is due to take place this week.
PANAMA CANAL EXPANSION
Panamanian voters have decided overwhelmingly to expand the Panama Canal. The plan will cost over $5 billion and is expected to take 6 years to complete. Many of today’s larger cargo ships are too wide to pass through the canal. Yes votes at yesterday’s referendum outnumbered the No’s by a 4-1 margin. Revenue from the canal is Panama’s largest source of income. The country will have to ask for at least 2 billion dollars in loans in order to complete the project. The Panama Canal was administered as a US territory from its opening in 1914 until its handover to Panama in 1999.
Thousands of jobs and billions of dollars were lost when Texas energy company, Enron, collapsed… Today one of the key players was in the courtroom to hear his sentence for his role in the scandal. Renee Feltz reports from Houston:
Former Enron CEO Jeff Skilling was convicted in May of 19 counts of fraud, conspiracy, insider training, and repeatedly lying to auditors about the company’s financial health. This afternoon he was sentenced to 24 years and 4 months in prison for his crimes. Before the judge handed down his decision, about ten of the roughly 9000 employees who lost their jobs and pensions made statements about how the scandal hurt them. One who was employed 18 years with the company told the court she went bankrupt when she lost over half a million dollars in Enron stock… and won’t be able to retire when she turns 65 next month. She asked the judge to send Skilling to prison for the rest of his life. Today 52 year old Skilling told the judge he had remorse over what happened to Enron, but maintained his innocence. His sentence is the longest of all the Enron defendants, most of whom admitted guilt in government plea bargains. Skillings lawyers plan to appeal. It’s unclear when federal authorities will order him to report to prison, but the judge said he won’t remain free during an appeal. For Free Speech Radio News, I’m Renee Feltz in Houston.
MUSEVENI TALKS WITH LRA REBELS
Uganda’s president visited the Southern Sudanese city of Juba this weekend for face-to-face peace talks with the Lords Resistance Army (LRA) rebels. Emmanuel Okella reports from Kampala, Uganda.
President Museveni’s visit came after reports of renewed attacks threatened to dash hopes of a peace agreement between Uganda’s government and the Lord’s Resistance Army rebels. Over 30 civilians and a UPDF captain were reported killed by the rebels last week. During the visit, President Museveni met the LRA peace team and reassured them of blanket amnesty for the rebels should they sign a comprehensive peace deal with his government. He also told them to stop dragging the talks warning that the military option was still open should the talks fail by the end of this year. In an earlier meeting with Southern Sudanese President, Salva Kiir, President Museveni requested the authorities to stop sending food and other logistical supplies to the LRA rebels outside the two designated assembly points. The rebels deserted the locations, alleging attacks by Ugandan forces. For Free Speech Radio News Emmanuel Okella reporting from Kampala Uganda.
Condoleeza Rice and Director of the International Nuclear Watchdog talk about North Korea (3:40)
Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice and Director of the International Nuclear Watchdog, Mohamed ElBaradei meet in Washington today where they discussed North Korea and Iran’s nuclear programs. The timing comes as The United Nations Security Council, at the urging of the United States, is going to re-visit the issue of Iran’s nuclear program. FSRN’s Leigh Ann Caldwell reports.
Israeli Government Used Napalm-like White Phosphorus on Lebanon (6:00)
The Israeli government has admitted it used controversial phosphorous weapons in its attack on Lebanon this Summer. The chemical causes is similar to napalm and causes horrific burning when it comes into contact with human flesh.
Nurses Stripped of Right to Union Representation (3:50)
Organized labor filed an international protest today after a federal ruling that said some nurses are supervisors and are therefore ineligible for union representation. The AFL-CIO complains the ruling could potentially strip millions of workers their rights to joining unions. Yanmei Xie reports from Washington.
Zapatista National Liberation Army Visits Tijuana (3:45)
Last week a caravan of members of the Zapatista National Liberation Army visited Tijuana, as a part of a nationwide tour trying to bring together the voices of activists and oppressed social groups. Zapatista supporters from Mexico and United States shared their stories of struggle during a two day meeting, revealing a vast array of social injustices affecting people on both sides of the border. Alonso Rivera reports from Tijuana.
Mumia Abu-Jamal Commentary: Iraq Echoes of Vietnam (4:00) | <urn:uuid:5fc67e55-e020-4273-855f-1ebda4630bc3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://fsrn.org/2006/10/october-23-2006/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.9571 | 1,515 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Geophysical survey techniques can be useful in identifying a range of different features. It is important to consider the technique being used, and the expected responses of the features being targeted. For example, if a feature does not have magnetic properties, or is not magnetically different from the soil surrounding it, then it is unlikely to be detected through a geophysical survey using a magnetic technique.
Prior to any archaeological survey, you should always consider the location and purpose of the survey and whether the correct technique has been selected for the desired outcome of the investigation.
The interpretation of geophysical datasets is greatly aided through examining supporting information. Before undertaking geophysical survey and analysing geophysical datasets, it is important to review available background historic information about the site and consider the potential site conditions prior to and during survey. Some general considerations may include:
- site conditions (i.e. the ground conditions);
- weather before and during survey (particularly if utilising techniques affected by seasonality);
- archaeological background of the site;
- previously recorded features (Historic Environment Record data);
- features present on historic maps;
- features present on LiDAR survey data; and
- features recorded as earth works or cropmarks on aerial photographs.
The interpretation of anomalies identified in geophysical datasets is generally achieved through the analysis of anomaly shape and strength or increase in values. For example, features with linear, rectilinear, and curvilinear forms are often easier to interpret, whereas features that cause amorphous anomalies can sometimes lack necessary shape or patterning to be conclusively identified. | <urn:uuid:36e0deab-4b3c-4ae2-a8ca-956c307b1954> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://naaheritage.com/geophysics-survey-data-interpretation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.916698 | 337 | 3.765625 | 4 |
COMMANDANT’S OFFICE, NAVY-YARD AND STATION,
Gosport, Va., May 1, 1861.
Commanding Forces, Norfolk, Va.;
SIR; Believing it to be the design of the late United States to make a descent on this station in order to correct their recent error, I feel called upon to suggest to you, in view of the immense value of the public buildings, guns, and other stores exposed, that a competent military force be placed near to resist all efforts on their part. I have, in fact, indirectly learned that the full powers of the late Government will be directed to this point, probably via Pig Point. Could you, general, place such a force in this neighborhood as in your judgment could properly repel them? Last night we could muster only seventy-three men under arms in the yard, and scarcely forty men from the town appeared, and only two with suitable arms.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Series I, Vol. LI, Part II. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1897. | <urn:uuid:694cdc42-602d-40e1-a7b5-818123f004cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://spirit61.info/primary-sources/french-forrest-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.938952 | 265 | 1.679688 | 2 |
A online data bedroom (VDR) can be described as secure storage area facility utilized by companies to maintain sensitive documents. While many corporations use these facilities to get legal issues, they are also employed by private equity and biotechnology organizations. The benefits of a VDR will be really worth the price. These types of services permit firms to talk about sensitive papers securely and efficiently. To find out even more about this progressive technology, read this article. We’ll look at a number of the benefits of VDRs and discuss why these services are extremely valuable.
One of the biggest advocates of virtual data rooms certainly is the technology industry. These data rooms permit the world’s most significant tech companies to quickly share info and promote ideas into their companies. Another list of users comes with investment brokers. During the purchase banking procedure, companies need to share substantial amounts of facts. By using a VDR, the entire method is secure and streamlined. Furthermore to assisting the writing of records, virtual info rooms likewise allow organizations to execute clinical trials, keep HIPAA conformity, and store sufferer files.
A virtual info room may be a secure internet storage service that helps businesses exchange vital business docs. Its main concern is to help the research process in https://dataroomsolutions.org/corporate-due-diligence-and-corporate-accountability M&A transactions. This can be a powerful software that reduces unnecessary paper documents and physical waste in the process. A virtual data room is similar to a steel-enforced safe bedroom. The only big difference is that you may only access the data room if you really grant use of the record cabinets. | <urn:uuid:f6a2ba50-6581-4240-97f7-e8f338c4124f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://signmart4u.com/what-is-a-virtual-data-room/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.938281 | 339 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Migraines are one of the most common debilitating medical conditions. The CDC estimates that one in seven American adults experiences at least one migraine headache per year. At the time the study was conducted, 14% of participants reported having one in the past three months.
Suffering from frequent migraines can make it difficult to live a normal life. Even so, we don’t have a great understanding of where they come from or how to deal with the condition.
What is it like to deal with this condition, are migraines hereditary, and can you do anything to manage them? We’ll answer these questions and more below.
What Is a Migraine?
For anyone who hasn’t had a migraine, it’s easy to assume that it’s just a bad headache. However, the people who suffer from them will assure you there’s a huge difference. Aside from throbbing, pounding, or piercing head pain, symptoms include:
- Photophobia (light sensitivity)
- Blurred vision or vision loss
- Severe pain in the eyes or on one side of the head
- Sensitivity to sounds and smells
- Nausea and/or vomiting
Along with these symptoms, many people with migraines also experience what’s called an “aura.” This can take the form of any number of sensory disturbances like flashes of light, blind spots, numbness or tingling, weakness, and speech difficulties. These symptoms often appear an hour or so before the migraine itself begins.
People who aren’t familiar with migraine auras might mistake these symptoms for a stroke. Unless you’re certain what you’re experiencing is due to a migraine, it’s vital to see a doctor right away to rule out something more serious.
Are Migraines Hereditary?
One of the biggest hurdles to understanding whether migraines are hereditary is that researchers aren’t sure what the gene is that causes them. There’s only one type of migraine with a clear genetic link, and it’s rare. Familial hemiplegic migraine affects one in 10,000 people and is known for having more serious symptoms like muscle weakness and speech difficulties.
But for those of us with non-hemiplegic migraines, the diagnosis is clinical. That means there isn’t a specific test that can prove what you’re experiencing is a migraine—the doctor decides based on your description of the symptoms. So even if you and your mother both experience migraine headaches, you can’t be sure that it’s due to the same genetic factors.
Even so, there does seem to be a strong familial link between migraine sufferers. It’s estimated that 90% of people with migraines also have a family history of the condition, though many of these family members don’t have a formal diagnosis.
Because we aren’t quite sure what causes migraines, there’s no way to tell whether you’ll pass it on to your children. But if you have certain sensitivities that trigger attacks, your kids may be predisposed to them as well.
What About Post-Injury Migraines?
Not everyone who suffers from migraines has a family history of the condition—some people start to experience them as a result of traumatic head or neck injuries. These often come as a result of car accidents, but any type of head trauma can lead to headaches.
Mild to moderate headaches are one of the most common symptoms following a concussion injury. But in some cases, the headaches don’t go away after a few weeks when the concussion heals.
These chronic headaches can turn into migraines and shouldn’t be ignored. They might be the result of a subdural hematoma or other brain and skull damage that didn’t heal properly. If you continue to experience migraine-level headaches for more than a month or two after a concussion, talk to your doctor right away.
How to Manage Your Migraines, Hereditary or Not
When your head feels like it’s going to explode on top of all the other symptoms of migraines, you’re willing to try just about anything to get it to stop. As such, there’s a whole host of creative natural and home remedies you can try to deal with the condition. Some of them include:
- Essential oils
- Heat and ice
- Over-the-counter pain medicine
- Diet changes
Not all of these methods are backed by science, but if your migraines are only moderate or infrequent, they’re worth a try. If your headaches are severe and interfere with your life, it’s time to see a doctor or chiropractor who provides headache pain services.
The doctor may be able to identify whether your migraines are the result of an external factor like a head injury, nerve compression, or Chiari malformation. They might prescribe medication to help you deal with the pain or recommend spinal manipulation to fix your alignment.
But in some cases, the best way to manage migraines is to identify your triggers and avoid them. Some people find that they’re more prone to headaches when they’re dehydrated, after eating certain foods, or after drinking alcohol. Others find that bright lights, loud noises, or certain smells are responsible for the pain.
You may not be able to avoid your triggers entirely, but you can take steps to decrease their effects. If you’re light sensitive, for example, consider getting a pair of polarized sunglasses with side shields for when you’re outside in the sun. If you’re sensitive to smells, try to avoid walking through the perfume section of stores and use unscented soaps and detergents.
Does Your Family Have a History of Migraine Headaches?
If you were wondering “are migraines hereditary?” it might be a good idea to take a look at your family tree. Do other members of your family suffer from debilitating headaches as well? If so, talk to them to find out how they’ve dealt with the condition—you just might learn how to make your migraines more manageable.
Looking for more ways to stay on top of your health and wellness? Make sure to read through the other content on our site. | <urn:uuid:edbfcf3d-7bf7-46f1-8cd2-0090aa04d7e3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://miosuperhealth.com/painful-genes-are-migraines-hereditary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.934415 | 1,366 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Working Paper No. 347
By José Manuel Campa, José M González Mínguez and María Sebastiá Barriel
This paper focuses on the non-linear adjustment of import prices in national currency to shocks in exchange rates and foreign prices measured in the exporters’ currency of products originating outside the euro area and imported into European Union countries (EU-15). The paper looks at three different types of non-linearities: (a) non-proportional adjustment (the size of the adjustment grows more than proportionally with the size of the misalignments), (b) asymmetric adjustment to cost-increasing and cost-decreasing shocks, and (c) the existence of thresholds in the size of misalignments below which no adjustment takes place. There is evidence of more than proportional adjustment towards long-run equilibrium in manufacturing industries. In these industries, the adjustment is faster the further away mcurrent import prices are from their implied long-run equilibrium. In contrast, a proportional linear adjustment cannot be rejected for some other imports (especially within agricultural and commodity imports). There is also strong evidence of asymmetry in the adjustment to long-run equilibrium. Deviations from long-run equilibrium due to exchange rate appreciations of the home currency result in a faster adjustment than those caused by a home currency depreciation. Finally, we also find that adjustment takes place in the industries in our sample only when deviations are above certain thresholds, and that these thresholds tend to be somewhat smaller for manufacturing industries than for commodities. | <urn:uuid:ead36439-7f9b-4dc0-88fd-12e98dcf88e4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/working-paper/2008/non-linear-adjustment-of-import-prices-in-the-european-union | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.926188 | 311 | 1.71875 | 2 |
The impacts to an agricultural operation from flooding, whether caused by a neighbor or by a government, are devastating. The law in Florida, while generally considered to be highly favorable to the rights of private property owners, is muddled and sometimes favorable to governments. This month’s column will briefly describe three different situations that occur in Florida.
First is the situation when a government unintentionally floods private property. Next is when a government intentionally floods private property. The third circumstance deals with a private property owner who agrees to let government store water on their property in return for a payment. All of these situations may become a reality for a property owner, especially a party who owns agricultural land in Central Florida. I represent clients faced with these issues and, in fact, our firm has extensive background in these issues due to our long-standing relationship and representation of agricultural interests. Jack Brandon in our Lake Wales office also has been involved in these types of cases and has significant experience in land use and water law.
These cases can be very complex, but if prepared by well-experienced attorneys who are familiar with the pitfalls of these types of cases, they can provide compensation for the damages from various types of flooding.
column by DEBORAH A. RUSTER
BIO: Deborah Ruster received her B.A. degree, with high honors, in 1978, and her law degree in 1981, from the University of Tennessee. She was admitted to The Florida Bar in 1981. Ruster also is a member of the Lakeland Bar Association and the Tenth Circuit Association for Women Lawyers. Ruster practices at the Lake Wales office of Peterson & Myers, P.A., in the area of civil litigation, concentrating in eminent domain. | <urn:uuid:51b6cd9f-5f31-4c5c-b8fa-dff873a70b84> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://centralfloridaagnews.com/flooding-florida/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.960019 | 352 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Gardening Tips for Growing Beets That Actually Work!
We may earn money or products from the companies mentioned in this post.
Beets (Beta vulgaris) are a biennial plant typically grown as an annual. A member of the goosefoot family, this vegetable is a dual purpose since both the root and greens can be eaten. Although many do not eat greens, they are very nutritious and rich in vitamins and growing beets is pretty easy to do.
The Greeks are responsible for giving the plant its genus (Beta, and in ancient times, beets were used mainly as a remedy for a variety of ailments. As far back as the 1800s, beets were considered a “poor man’s food” and were brought to the Americas by early colonists. By the time the Civil War began, beets were a common staple at the dinner table, as food for livestock and for exacting the sugar.
Beets are widely adaptable to most gardening zones however, in warmer regions, beets should be grown as a spring or harvest crop. There are a wide variety of beets available today to choose from. Some are small and round, while others have a cylindrical shape. Globe-shaped varieties fare better in heavy and/or rocky soil.
Beet Basic Facts
Seed germinates in 8 to 10 days. The best temperature for germination is from 60 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit, but black-eyed peas will germinate from 40 to 80 F. As with bush beans, germination in ideal temperatures will take eight to 10 days, but it can take two weeks or more if soil temperatures are below 60 F.
Plant Black Eyes Peas in the spring, as they can only be grown in warm soil, with no risk of frost or cold, generally in the late spring and throughout the summer.
86 degrees Fahrenheit. This is a heat-loving vegetable that won’t really take off until the air temperatures remain reliably warm.
You will want to grow 20-30 plants per person planning on eating them. You have to shell these buggers, like peas and it takes more plants than you would think.
First of all, it is traditional to kick off the new year with them – tons of recipes suggest it as a way to bring not only good luck, but prosperity.
These are best cooked, and are often served with greens, rice, and / or pork.
Some varieties are better if the greens are to be harvested also. The colors of beets also range from the common reddish-purple to shades of golden yellow. Gardeners will need to decide which cultivar will work best for their region. For warm regions or Zones 8 and warmer, a quick maturing beet will probably be best suitable.
Beets Like Cooler Weather
Beets grow best in cool weather but will also tolerate partial shade in hotter zones. The soil should be plowed deeply and free of debris and rocks. While the roots can tolerate colder temperatures, the greens cannot. Beet plants will flourish in nutrient-rich soil that has a pH of 6.5 or above. Small root production can be a sign of high nitrogen levels in the soil. Dressing with wood ash and/or organic matter can correct other growing problems like elongated roots or browning.
Make sure you check out our other Gardening Tips!
How to Plant Beets
Beets can be planted directly into the ground or started indoors. Begin seeds outdoors about two weeks prior to the last frost, or in southern regions, beets can be planted as a fall crop. Seeds will germinate better when the seeds are soaked overnight in tepid water. Plant the beet seeds about one inch deep and approximately two inches apart. Each seed contains several seeds within and can produce several plants. However, beets are notorious for spotty germination, so they still need to be planted about two inches apart.
Beets germinate fairly quickly. Once plants are established or when they are about two inches high, thin the beets to about four inches apart, or for larger beets, thin to about five to six inches apart. When beets are planted for the harvesting of the greens only, the plants will not need to be thinned. Crowded beets will not develop well, so be vigilant with thinning.
The plants can be mulched to help the roots retain moisture. They will need at least one inch of water per week. In hot temperatures, the beets can become tough and not as palatable. Feed monthly with a low-nitrogen fertilizer. Although beets are not commonly affected by garden diseases, they may attract leaf miners and other garden pests. This can be deterred with floating covers. Avoid planting beets near their relative plants to help deter ailments like leaf spots.
Beets should be harvested when they are young and tender. When the roots measure about one to two inches across the top, they can be pulled or dug from the ground. The roots should be stored without the leaves attached to the refrigerator. If storing in a cellar, do not wash the beets prior to storing.
A 25-foot row of beets is plenty for a family for one season. For storing or preserving, you should increase the amount planted. Once you have mastered the basics of growing beets, you may want to experiment with different varieties to find the best fit for your environment and palate.
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Benefits of Beets
Beets are a great thing to add to your diet, especially if you are trying to “eat the rainbow”. That deep red translates to heart healthy goodness!
According to Healthline:
Packed with essential nutrients, beetroots are a great source of fiber, folate (vitamin B9), manganese, potassium, iron, and vitamin C. Beetroots and beetroot juice have been associated with numerous health benefits, including improved blood flow, lower blood pressure, and increased exercise performance.Healthline
Easy Recipe for Beets
One of my favorite ever salads that used beets was at Lawrey’s Prib Rib – where they took a nice green mix, added chopped hard-boiled eggs, julienned pickled beets, and then tossed it all with a very mild 1000 Isle dressing. The server plated it and topped the salad with a few grape tomatoes.
It. Was. Amazing.
To this day, I crave it and it is the driving force behind me not only growing beets, but pickling them.
How To Make Pickled Beets is a simple, and yet very easy recipe to do. If you are not really a canner, you will have no problem whipping these ruby gems up! | <urn:uuid:3a2d6eba-a0ce-4dcb-8944-63e519e1134b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://trytogarden.com/gardening-tips-for-growing-beets-that-actually-work/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.950513 | 1,446 | 3.28125 | 3 |
College essay writing services are plentiful, and they’re able to help essay writing service you in finishing your college essay. A college paper can be hard to write, particularly if you lack the proper skills to properly organize your own thoughts. As such, it can become overwhelming and frustrating. This is particularly true when you lack the correct academic abilities to write a good essay. If this describes you, then you need to find a college essay writing solutions that can help you out. Here is how you do so.
To begin with, start looking for article editors. These are professionals who can help you with your college essay. An editor can give you suggestions about how you need to proceed after the fact and are able to make your college essay writing quicker. The process of editing may also give you suggestions on how you should go about the arrangement of your school essay. This will make the article more interesting and appealing to a reader.
When searching for essay writing services, make sure you find somebody who has expertise essay writing service in helping students create their college essays. In this manner, he or she’ll know what it is that you’re trying to accomplish. For instance, if you are essay writing service writing about a particular individual, this person should have a considerable role in your essay. This ensures that the essay is not one-sided. The writer must provide an account of what is happening with the main character of the school paper.
You should only hire college essay writing solutions from people who are knowledgeable about the topic of your college essay. They must also be knowledgeable about article writing, to give you suggestions for how to format your college essay for greatest effectiveness. They should also have examples of college essays they have completed previously, which will provide you a feel of what is expected of you.
Once you’ve hired the article writing solutions, you can give him or her an outline of the faculty essay that you have researched. The outline must include the name, the goal, the thesis statement, the body and ultimately, an end. The outline should provide you a good idea of how long the essay will require, when you need to expect it to be finished along with any additional details such as the number of pages etc., which you may need once the article was completed.
Once the faculty essay writing solutions have finished writing your essay for you, they’ll have the ability to proofread it. It needs to be ideal. If it isn’t, then there are several steps you want to take so as to ensure that your school essay complies with all academic criteria and is grammatically correct. | <urn:uuid:26abd6e5-2f76-4ce7-a686-a9a1ded9b1b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://getjob-agency.ru/2021/05/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.9682 | 533 | 1.5 | 2 |
Make sure your kids stay safe while trick-or-treating this year.
With Halloween approaching quickly, your kids are probably bouncing off the walls with excitement. While it’s great to join them and get into the Halloween spirit, it’s still important to make their safety a priority. Here are five suggestions to keep in mind to make sure your kids stay safe while trick-or-treating this year.
1) Choose the Right Costume
To start, make sure your child’s costume is made of non-flammable materials. This will reduce their fire risk in the event that they come into contact with homes that are using real candles to decorate. You should also make sure that your child does not select a costume that requires a face mask. These masks could obscure your child’s vision making them more likely to trip or bump into something and injure themselves.
2) Set Trick-or-Treating Boundaries
If you are allowing your child to venture out without parental supervision, then make sure you discuss their trick-or-treating route before they leave. Your child should have clear limits on how far they can travel on their quest for candy. Make sure your child is carrying a cell phone, so you can stay in contact with them and use it to track your child’s location while they are out.
3) Review “Stranger Danger” Rules
Make sure that your child knows that they should never enter a stranger’s home or vehicle. Additionally, you should make sure that your child has an action plan in the event that they are approached by a suspicious stranger. Make sure your child calls and asks for permission before accepting a ride or invitation to a friend’s home.
4) Discuss Traffic Guidelines
Remind your child that they should not run around while they are out trick-or-treating as this puts themselves and other innocent bystanders at risk for injuries. You should be especially strict about the guidelines for crossing streets. Your child should only cross at official crosswalks and never dart into traffic without first checking for drivers.
5) Conduct a Candy Inspection
It’s important to tell your children not to eat any of the candy they collect until they get home. Once they return, make sure to inspect their haul and discard any unwrapped, unlabeled, unfamiliar, or homemade treats. Taking these precautions will ensure that your child does not ingest candy that has been tampered with.
These are some of the suggestions you should try to make sure your kids stay safe while trick-or-treating this year. Looking for assistance with your small business insurance needs this October? If so, then contact us at PMC Insurance Group. We are ready to get you covered today. | <urn:uuid:f05bd62f-8bcd-4298-bea2-2388b0f3ec2e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pmcinsurance.com/blog/5-tips-for-a-safe-night-of-trick-or-treating/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.953074 | 570 | 2.078125 | 2 |
It's Official: Drought in Tennessee
MURFREESBORO, Tenn. (ANFINSON) -- A new report shows a large swath of Tennessee is now officially drought stricken.
The U.S. Drought Monitor report represents a consensus of federal and academic scientists. Released Thursday, the report says that nutritious green grass is in short supply. Some farmers have begun feeding their herds winter hay reserves in summer.
Dr. Warren Gill, Director of Agribusiness and Agriscience at Middle Tennessee State University, not only conducts research in the field of agriscience but is a farmer himself. He feels that despite recent rains, precipitation may have come too little too late.
“I’ve been around quite awhile and this is one of the toughest droughts I’ve seen, mostly because it started so early,” Dr. Gill says. “Almost everybody had a less than 50 percent hay crop. Many people have already been feeding the limited hay supplies that they already had."
Dr. Gill also points out the impact conditions will have on corn and soybean growers as well as everyday consumers. Dr. Gill says, “Numbers are going to be reduced and as numbers are reduced, prices will go up.” | <urn:uuid:1748f911-143b-4bb1-9d43-874dd7b4bbb2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wmot.org/top-stories/2012-07-16/its-official-drought-in-tennessee | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.965926 | 263 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Power and Energy
The energy industry is the totality of all of the industries involved in the production and sale of energy, including fuel extraction, manufacturing, refining and distribution. Modern society consumes large amounts of fuel, and the energy industry is a crucial part of the infrastructure maintenance of society in almost all countries.
Energy development is a field of endeavor focused on making available sufficient primary energy sources and secondary energy forms.
- Get clean and natural power
- The amount of wind at your site
- Siting a Small Electric Wind System
- Sizing Small Wind Turbines | <urn:uuid:93275e01-67d1-486e-ad1a-5c8192e3ea63> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.acousticenclosures.in/service/room-acoustics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.894266 | 119 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Time-gated fluorescence signalling under dissipative conditions†
Precise control over specific functions in the time domain is ubiquitous in biological systems. Here, we demonstrate time-gated fluorescence signalling under dissipative conditions exploiting an ATP-fueled self-assembly process. A temporal ATP-concentration gradient allows the system to pass through three states, among which only the intermediate state generates a fluorescent signal from a hydrophobic dye entrapped in the assemblies. The system can be reactivated by adding a new batch of ATP. The results indicate a strategy to rationally programme the temporal emergence of functions in complex chemical systems. | <urn:uuid:5841b60f-b51d-4478-9070-3769e369703a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2020/CC/D0CC05993E | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.866819 | 130 | 1.796875 | 2 |
- What are uPVC windows?
- What is the advantage of a vinyl or a uPVC window in the Southeast?
- What makes up uPVC vinyl windows?
- uPVC Windows and Water Intrusion
- How Important is a double glazed or a double pane window?
- What is a window spacer system, and why is it important?
- What is Low-E Glass?
- What is argon gas, and why is it important for my window?
- How is the energy performance of a window measured?
One of the main benefits of replacing your windows is energy efficiency and saving money on utility bills. Just because your home was built with inefficient single pane aluminum windows, or the jalousie windows of yesterday, doesn’t mean you have to be stuck with grossly inefficient products.
Advances in window technology such as materials and construction keep southern homes cooler and utility bills lower. Below are the elements that result in energy performance for a window or door.
What are uPVC windows?
uPVC, or unplasticized polyvinyl chloride, is a strong and rigid vinyl made without plasticizers. Unlike PVC, common to plumbing and pipes, uPVC does not flex, is durable and functions well in a wide range of temperatures and operating pressures. Incredibly stiff, uPVC can stand up to outdoor environments and a variety of chemicals without corrosion, pitting or oxidation. Because of these qualities, uPVC is ideal for window frames and sashes.
What is the advantage of a vinyl or a uPVC window in the Southeast?
Vinyl windows or uPVC windows are superior for energy performance, making them a perfect choice for the South’s endless summers. The uPVC material blocks thermal transfer, so the outside temperature is not conducted or brought to the interior. Contrast this to a metal material such as aluminum that is known for conducting heat or cold.
What makes up uPVC vinyl windows?
The NewSouth Standard is a promise to invest in our products with superior components, which includes our premium, extra-thick uPVC vinyl frame. NewSouth’s sashes and frames are made with a resin-based uPVC compound that includes impact modifiers and Titanium Dioxide. Impact modifiers add durability and extend the longevity of the vinyl by helping to prevent it from breaking or cracking. Titanium Dioxide acts as sunscreen for vinyl by absorbing and reflecting the energy of UV rays which aids in the energy performance of the vinyl. These ingredients are important in creating a long-lasting, low maintenance vinyl for NewSouth’s Ultimate Window.
uPVC Windows and Water Intrusion
Another great benefit of uPVC vinyl windows is the resistance to water intrusion. By way of construction, the vinyl window has fusion welded corners in the sashes and frames, in which the mitered corners are adjoined together through a high heat bonding process. This makes the window impervious to water seepage from the corners, and protects your home from water damage. This is crucial for daily storms during the rainy season as well as major tropical storms and hurricanes which often result in massive amounts of precipitation. Compare this performance to aluminum windows in which the mitered corners of the sash and frame are adjoined with mechanically screwed joints, which readily allows for water penetration a few years after the caulking has dissolved.
How Important is a double glazed or a double pane window?
A window with two panes of glass is crucial for energy efficiency. The unit in which the two pieces of glass are held is called an IGU, or an insulated glass unit. This unit contains the pane of Low-E glass, a spacer system and argon gas. The level of efficiency a window or door can reach is determined by the investment in the IGU, which is the key to a high performance window. There are many levels of investment that a window manufacturer can put into their IGU, and consequently varying levels of performance. For reference, a monolithic window, which consists of a single sheet of glass, does not have an IGU.
What is a window spacer system, and why is it important?
A spacer system is the material that separates the two glass layers in an IGU. The material that the spacer is made of is important for energy performance. A spacer that is cheaper or made with aluminum will decrease the efficiency of the IGU due to thermal transfer and also leaves the IGU more susceptible to indoor condensation.
What is Low-E Glass?
A crucial element of the energy performance for windows or doors is the glass component and whether the glass will absorb, transfer, or emit heat. Low-E, or low emissivity glass is a glass with coatings applied, designed to allow visibility while deflecting near infrared and ultraviolet light. The key ingredient in Low-E coating is silver, which can make Low-E glass expensive. Due to this, there are varying degrees of Low-E glass, resulting in a wide range of window performance levels.
NewSouth manufactures our windows with our eVantage 366 glass, the ultimate performance glass, which contains 3 layers of silver, yet provides extraordinary visibility. It blocks 95% of the sun’s UV rays, which will save your carpets and furnishings from fading and keep the heat out. Because of our investment in a superior glass as well as our other energy saving components, NewSouth windows meets and exceeds Energy Star requirements for most stringent Southern zone.
What is argon gas, and why is it important for my window?
Argon gas is an inert gas that is colorless, odorless, non-flammable, non-toxic, and is characteristically 38% denser and heavier than the air we breathe. Argon gas is the third most abundant gas in the Earth’s atmosphere. Due to the density of argon, the insulation properties improve the energy performance of a window and help reduce sound transmittance. Argon is inserted in between the panes of glass in an insulated glass unit (IGU), while a monolithic or single pane window will not have argon gas.
All of NewSouth’s windows contain argon gas. After vacating the air out of our IGUs, the argon gas is inserted and sealed inside. This process contributes to the superior energy performance of NewSouth Windows.
How is the energy performance of a window measured?
The National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) operates a rating system for the energy performance of windows, doors, and skylights. The rating system determines the U-Factor, Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC), and Visible Transmittance of a product. These ratings are mandatory for the product and must be included on the product’s labeling.
SHGC, which measures the amount of heat that is transmitted through the window, is more pertinent for the southern climates. The lower the number, the better performing the window or door is on deflecting heat, and therefore, for energy savings.
U-Factor, which is more pertinent for northern climates, measures the amount of heat that escapes the interior of the structure. Again, the lower the number, the better the performance.
NewSouth Window Solutions has won the coveted DWM Green Award for our work in saving energy and reducing costs in the Southeast. Our commitment to manufacturing products that meet and exceed the energy star criteria has helped tens of thousands of southern homeowners save money on their utility bills while reducing their carbon footprint. | <urn:uuid:9f02bea2-b0fc-4d0c-9eee-1cf60aa9e875> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newsouthwindow.com/energy-efficiency/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.937566 | 1,566 | 2.265625 | 2 |
There is a risk of a cancer epidemic following the response to Covid-19, an academic has warned.
It follows new research which has found that the efforts to tackle Coronavirus are "significantly affecting" the treatment and care of patients with cancer.
The research, published in the European Journal of Cancer, highlights how the repurposing of health systems and implementation of social distancing measures, including national lockdowns, have had negative effects on patients with cancer.
There have also been delays in urgent referrals and patients having their cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy, postponed, or surgery being delayed.
The research was conducted collaboratively by the Queen's University Belfast, the University of Split, Croatia, and King's College London.
There are more than 3.7 million new cancer diagnoses in Europe each year and over 1.9 million deaths.
Queen's University's Professor Mark Lawler said there is a risk of a future cancer epidemic.
"We are already seeing the indirect effects of the Covid-19 crisis on cancer care," he said.
"Urgent referral numbers are dropping, endoscopies and other surgical procedures are being postponed and many cancer specialists are being redirected to Covid-19 specific care. If we don't act, we risk the unintended consequence of the current Covid-19 pandemic precipitating a future cancer epidemic."
He added: "We must encourage cancer patients, or citizens who are worried that they may have cancer symptoms, to continue to access health systems and we must ensure that those health systems are fit for purpose to support them. Cancer must be firmly in our cross wires, so that we avoid adding the lost lives of cancer patients to the Covid-19 death toll."
The research also highlights that as more people are worrying about the signs and symptoms of Covid-19, less people are seeking advice on new symptoms of a possible cancer, including abnormal bleeding or new lumps on the body.
Professor Eduard Vrdoljak, of the University of Split, also voiced his concern.
"I am extremely worried. We are experiencing significant challenges," he said.
"People's fear of attending any health facility, coupled with their minds being more focused towards Covid-19 symptoms, mean that they may downplay rectal or bladder bleeding, a lump in the breast or other signs of cancer that otherwise would lead them immediately to consult their doctor.
"We are starting to see people who may be at risk of developing cancer fearing a Covid-19 diagnosis more than a cancer diagnosis."
Professor Richard Sullivan, of King's College London, added: "The focus on Covid-19 through 24-hour news cycles and social media, has dramatically changed our emotional and social infrastructure.
"At the scientific level, the modelling on which public health measures are being taken is entirely focused on Covid-19 mortality and morbidity, with little or no consideration for the impact of control measures on increasing morbidity and mortality in cancer, or indeed any other health condition." | <urn:uuid:48258051-d890-48b5-9a91-79e67afb8464> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.belfastlive.co.uk/news/health/academic-warns-risk-cancer-epidemic-18125913 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.96338 | 621 | 2.8125 | 3 |
What Are The Priorities Of Ear Technic in Hearing Aid Production?
Ear Technic prioritizes people’s needs and pays great attention to their satisfaction when producing hearing aids, with another modern definition; micro sensing computers. It is a known fact that hearing and perception problems are increasing. Lifestyle and external factors put significant pressure on the hearing line. Emphasizing all these developments with precision, Ear Technic works with 5 ethical values in hearing aid production:
The world is sharing hearing problems with us and we find the solutions!
Step into the hearing industry professionally with Eartechnic!
We are ready to introduce our new technologies to hearing impaired people through you!
Are you ready to put a smile on the faces of people who have hearing problems?
I want to be a distributor of EarTechnic.
Views of Hearing Aid Professionals
Our solution partners with whom we write success stories! | <urn:uuid:f8aa1d36-3857-41bc-b696-6404909cf547> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eartechnic.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.905032 | 195 | 1.6875 | 2 |
It was all action at lunch time today with Orchid Project refreshing thier knowledge of orchid botany starting with the parts of an orchid flower.
Here is a dissected Cymbidium erythraeum. Can correctly identify the petals, sepals, lip column and pollinia? (Thanks to Emily)
As well as being great fun this work is all part of our preparation for working with partner schools in Rwanda and Sarawak later in the year.
Tomorrow, students will be identifying the flower parts across our diverse species. | <urn:uuid:fffa152e-f59a-433c-ac37-74d61fd19628> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wsbeorchids.org/2019/botanical-science/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.933565 | 114 | 2.59375 | 3 |
It is the site of a major historic event and has been immortalised in song. But have you ever thought of visiting the site of the Battle of Waterloo in Belgium?
There’s are many good reasons to visit Waterloo and being about eight miles from Brussels (less than half an hour on the train from the Gare du Midi), it is easy to see why Waterloo has long been in a strategic location on the Chaussee de Bruxelles.
In 1815 the Anglo-Allied coalition were trying to stop the French general Napoleon from reaching the city and Waterloo was the last place to block him before he entered the Sonian forest and Brussels.
My first visit to Waterloo was in high summer, when I trundled around the battlefield in a little open-sided touring vehicle. The fields moved in a faint breeze; the tall green corn and yellow wheat was speckled with wildflowers.
La Haye Sainte farm has changed little since it was fortified by the Duke of Wellington’s forces and was the focus of heavy fighting over the entire course of June 18th, changing hands several times.
It is strange to think of an ordinary family living here where such violent conflict took place. A combine harvester grumbled away a few fields’ distant, spewing up a cloud of chaff. The Duke of Wellington lost around 15,000 dead or wounded on these fields and Blücher some 7,000. Napoleon’s losses were 24,000 to 26,000 killed or wounded.
The Butte du Lion
It was a hot July day when I first climbed the 226 steps to view the surrounding farmland from the top of the Butte du Lion. A helpful map of the Battle of Waterloo explains the geography and telescopes are provided. The massive lion rests one front paw delicately on a sphere, signifying global victory.
The 43-metre-high (141ft) mound actually marks the spot where the Prince of Orange (William II of the Netherlands) was knocked from his horse by a musket ball in the shoulder.
It was completed in 1826 by the King of the Netherlands and, according to Victor Hugo, the Duke of Wellington was not impressed by the alteration to ‘his’ battlefield by the building of the mound when he visited a few years later. I’m not sure what he would make of the Waterloo Panorama, housed near the visitor’s centre, a vast canvas painted by Louis Dumoulin 100 years after the battle. But it all aids in understanding of this famous conflict.
I visited Waterloo again in mid-winter. A light dusting of snow presented a very different scene, still beautiful and poignant.
The Waterloo Museums
For the 200th anniversary of the battle in June 2015 a major re-enactment event took place. Things have changed at the Butte du Lion since I was first visited in 2006. There is a large new visitor’s centre, with a few artefacts and showing two excellent films about the historic battle.
On the main thoroughfare of Waterloo is another, very small museum set in a former coaching inn that was commandeered as the Duke of Wellington’s headquarters during the battle. It was a very old-fashioned museum but interesting in its way.
Visiting Waterloo, Belgium
Napoleon may have finally met his defeat here but these days Waterloo is a very prosperous, multi-cultural place, with many ex-pats drawn here by the international schools. It has also become a bit of a shopping drawcard, with free parking, attractive arcades and more shops every year.
There is an excellent Waterloo hotel – Martin’s Grand Hotel – which is particularly well-known for its restaurant La Sucrerie (and that’s saying something in Belgium, where food is taken very seriously), with Lyonnaise chef Christophe Cornuez ruling the kitchen. The flickering candlelight under the brick arches in the restaurant is very atmospheric at night. There are a variety of rooms in the old and new wings and all very smart.
by Natasha von Geldern | <urn:uuid:efd0e7af-ba3a-485d-b298-a71cfb1f0e16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.worldwanderingkiwi.com/2015/01/visiting-battle-of-waterloo-belgium/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.971686 | 850 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Pharma's Almanac x SGD Pharma - June 2022
What do you consider the biggest challenge that the pharma/biopharma industry currently faces?
Source: Pharma's Almanac - June 24, 2022 - RoundTable - Nadir Lahmeur, General Manager (Americas) at SGD Pharma.
From the point of view of a primary packaging manufacturer, the biggest challenge to the pharma industry today is manufacturing operation disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and compounded by the war in Ukraine. These events have significantly impacted global supply chains in terms of access to raw materials (including packaging components), and it is increasingly challenging to transport them from the supplier. Continuous labor shortages are driving productivity down and delaying necessary validation and qualification activities, further exasperating final drug product availability. Energy market increases have also impacted operating costs for suppliers in industries with a heavy dependence on energy, such as glass manufacturing. These factors combine to drive up supply chain and operating costs, causing back orders.
To mitigate these types of supply chain challenges, the industry is focusing more on the development and manufacturing of drug products and partnering with suppliers to take on more of the non-core activities. For example, we are seeing an acceleration towards the implementation of ready-to-use (RTU) primary packaging components as a preferred solution. Filling machine equipment manufacturers are also answering to this trend by providing more options to handle RTU and non-RTU components to allow for maximum flexibility for pharma companies. SGD Pharma’s Sterinity platform of molded glass vials has also been strengthened to offer sterile RTU vials to its customers and meet their demand for added services to be provided by suppliers.
Discover the full article here. | <urn:uuid:12c02dff-f05f-4bcb-97e6-6ee3900fb669> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sgd-pharma.com/pharmas-almanac-x-sgd-pharma-june-2022 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.944134 | 352 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Universities, Businesses, City Councils and Nations are finally – finally – declaring Climate Emergencies. I have been by many to reflect on these and a few of these are attached. (Spoiler: We do face an emergency; it is an emergency not just because anthropogenic climate change is catastrophic but also because solving it will be very hard, contentious and take time; and we all have an obligation to act)
A Message to the Alumni of the University of Bristol
On the 17th of April, the University of Bristol became the first University in world to declare a Climate Emergency. It enshrines our institutional obligation to address the climatic, ecological and wider environmental threats posed to our planet and our society.
The University has been at the forefront of exploring and solving these challenges for decades, both through our world-leading research exemplified by the Cabot Institute for the Environment and our education via the Sustainable Futures theme. Some of our environmentally-focused Schools, including Earth Sciences, Civil Engineering and Geographical Sciences, are ranked amongst the very best in the world. Many of us contribute to the IPCC reports, including the most recent report that highlighted the dire consequences of failing to limit warming to 1.5C.
We must do more. Just like our pledges in 2015 when Bristol was the European Green Capital, the Climate Emergency Declaration recognises that our University’s impact on our city and planet transcends its research and educational mission. We are an employer, a procurer and a consumer; our academics fly across the world and our students fly to us; we consume food, energy, water and minerals. We are part of the problem and we must be part of the solution.
In particular, the Declaration renewed our commitment to become carbon neutral by 2030. But what does that mean? How will we do that? We know it will be messy and complex, just as our decision to divest from fossil fuels was. Not all fossil fuel companies are the same; in fact, many are critically involved with obtaining the resources needed for a post-fossil fuel electrical future. Similarly, we must ensure that our own efforts for carbon neutrality do not simply shift the environmental burdens to other countries nor hinder their own development.
We do not have all of those answers yet.
Consequently, I consider the Declaration to be a call for a renewed, self-critical, demanding and collaborative conversation about the future of our University. It is an opportunity for dialogue between all of us – staff, students, alumni, partners and stakeholders across our institution, city and the world. It will embrace every aspect of our organisation and it will lean on our own world-leading expertise and potential for innovation.
This article]is part of that conversation. It contains reflections from some of our strongest leaders on this topic but it also serves as an invitation for you to share yours.
Article for One Earth
Neither the UK’s Commitment to net zero carbon by 2050 nor the preceding Climate Emergency Declaration represents a significant change in policy – our previous target of an 80% reduction by 2050 already was an implicit stop on a trajectory to net zero, albeit at a later date.
However, they could be critical in changing the underlying narrative around climate change by centering attention on the catastrophic emergency that climate change poses as well as the profound challenge of addressing it. Both statements declare what has for too long been implicit – the challenge is great, and the need to act is urgent.
I hope that enshrining net zero carbon in law finally forces us to consider policies that go beyond incremental chipping away at emissions. We need a plan for a social, technological and infrastructure transformation that puts us on a path to a decarbonised future. All of 21st century civilisation was founded on and still is intrinsically based on fossil fuels, the energy they can generate but also the heat and power. To wean ourselves off of this incredibly powerful source of energy, we have to move beyond the easy wins of energy efficiency and a modest increase in renewable energy. We have to decide how we will completely transform our homes and businesses, our transport systems, our food production and our food supply chains.
As a geologist, I particularly recognise the challenge that an electrical society poses in terms of the metal resources we will need. Electrifying agriculture, transport and heat will require more lithium, neodymium, cobalt and many more metals; it will particularly require more copper. As such, we need to consider the balance of behaviour change, technological investment and potential environmental trade-offs elsewhere. I am particularly concerned about green colonialism and the impact of our own renewable revolution on the nations from which we will extract these resources. Of course, tackling climate change also creates opportunities in innovation, creativity and leadership; but it will not be easy and the solutions will be contested.
And that is why this is an emergency.
It is not just because climate change is already causing extreme weather, flooding and heat waves, and that future climate change will cause even greater harm. It is because addressing this challenge will be incredibly difficult, and arguably we have not even had the conversations necessary to identify an environmentally and socially just path forward. We certainly have not had an inclusive conversation that recognises a range of concerns about climate change and putative solutions.
The time for talk should be over, but arguably the real talk has yet to start.
Our political leaders have made some useful political gestures; now they have to agree on actions, ensure their feasibility and legitimacy, and deliver them with the urgency that this unprecedented emergency demands.
Reflections on a Tweet – Similarities between climate denialism and climate nihilism.
A lot of us are concerned about the emerging ‘climate doom’ narrative, that climate change beyond X degrees is inevitable or that a given magnitude of global warming could directly cause human extinction. I share many of the concerns of those anxious about climate change as an existential threat and many seem keen to have an engaged conversation about the likelihood of this happening. However, for many, their concerns seem based less on evidence and more on a belief system that rejects climate science, expertise and institutions with some similarities to the climate denier community. And challenging those statements can result in virulent responses. Some thoughts:
“I suppose there are multiple dimensions to my tweet. The first is that there is little evidence that climate change will lead to human extinction. Life has thrived on far warmer worlds. And although the rate of climate change now is profoundly worrying, extinction at even elevated degrees of warming seems unlikely. Many species and ecosystems will likely go extinct, and our civilisation might be profoundly transformed, but that is different than ‘human extinction’, a ‘barren planet’, an ‘unihabitable Earth’. When probed, many argue that climate change will cause extinction through a cascade of conflicts and ultimately nuclear war; I certainly worry about that, but that is a very different message with very different assumptions than ‘we will all go extinct if we do not limit warming to 2C’.
Second, when scientists try to clarify this, climate nihilists often use the same language, rhetoric and arguments to dismiss climate scientists as denialists. Both claim that IPCC is a ‘UN report’ and therefore a political rather than scientific document (it IS a scientific report and it is written and peer reviewed by scientists). Doomists talk about an overly cautious scientific community, whereas denialists talk about an overly alarmist one. Both, when confronted, can resort to links to blogs, non-experts and ad hominem attacks. And anecdotally, both can be misogynistic (women scientists always get nastier replies). So at its heart, I think both groups are embracing a belief system that inherently mistrusts experts, institutions and knowledge, and that concerns me.
Many are arguing about the psychological impact of this – do those worrying about a true climate apocalypse and global extinction create such despair as to cause inaction?? I cannot say. Renee Lertzmann has been exploring a lot of the psychology of climate despair. But I think it is certainly fair to say that our past efforts to mobilise meaningful action have failed, so I am not going to critique these tactics.
Instead, my main concern is that climate change will affect all of us but it will MOST affect the poor and vulnerable, those from the global south and marginalised groups in the UK. The language of extinction can impose an ‘All lives matter’ narrative on a movement that must centre social justice. But you do not have to look hard to see many using the extinction framing to argue that other issues (indigenous rights, social justice) are secondary. Social media abounds with rebuttals like: ‘you cannot have social justice on a lifeless planet.’
Having said all of that, there is a critical need to have a wider conversation that includes the very low probability but very high risk outcomes of climate change. Some of these catastrophes could happen. But there is a huge amount of difference between those arguing that this could happen and those claiming that it will happen.” | <urn:uuid:9b028487-163a-4c7c-bc6d-eec99e0e6ba5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://richpancost.blogs.bristol.ac.uk/2019/07/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.952042 | 1,865 | 2.453125 | 2 |
The map is limited to 3000 records per layer so not all records are being displayed for this area. Zoom in to see more.
Three trial trenches were excavated at the Charrington's Transport site in Spurgeon Street in order to explore the archaeological implications of large scale residential redevelopment of the land. Trench locations were chosen to minimise inconvenience to existing users of the site and to avoid the need to break through, and reinstate, areas of concrete. No manual cleaning of the lower levels of the trenches was attempted due to the depths involved and the unstable nature of the trench sides. The first trench was excavated in three offset sections. Section A was abandoned at a depth of 0.35m to avoid disturbance to modern drains. Section B and C were restricted to overall depths of 1.4 and 1.8m. Nothing of archaeological significance was noted and excavation ceased on exposure of mixed gravely sand and clay. The second trench was located 20m north-west of trench 1 and set a tangent to the river bank. Excavation of the trench ceased at an overall depth of 2.8m after clay was reached at 2.4m. River silts encountered at 2m contained a number of pieces of timber, several of which contained dwelling and pitch sealant. These were of probable post-medieval date. The third trench was located near the bottom of rising ground in the centre of the proposed development. Excavation ceased at a depth of 1.5m. Nothing of archaeological significance was noted. The total lack of residual Roman debris from the site may suggest that the Roman road was diverted to a more convenient crossing point.<1>
See also ECC2005.
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Letters & Science Big Ideas Course: Art and Science in the Middle Ages (Also History C188A)
In this course we explore the intersections of art and science in medieval, modern, and contemporary history. Our aim is twofold. First, to show the close interaction between these two fields, and of the way in which historically they have shaped each other. Leonardo, Galileo, Darwin and Einstein acted at the threshold between these two fields. Second, to turn specific instances of art/science interaction into the prism through which one can reach a fuller understanding of major historical transformations. Gutenberg and Leonardo will be the pivotal Renaissance figures, while the rise of Newtonian science and the Romantic revolution will guide us into the contemporary experience of the art/science interaction, up to the current transformation of both fields through computing and digital media. The course takes the form of a longue-durée overview that spans from the awakening of European culture through the reception of new knowledge from the Near East to the most recent encounters between artistic and scientific practice in the 21st century. | <urn:uuid:25f027c9-a0fe-4206-bbe1-afd33d7c0399> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://arthistory.berkeley.edu/courses/letters-science-big-ideas-course-art-and-science-in-the-middle-ages-also-history-c188a/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.897766 | 222 | 3.25 | 3 |
- Research article
- Open Access
Incidence of skin and soft tissue infections in ambulatory and inpatient settings, 2005–2010
BMC Infectious Diseases volume 15, Article number: 362 (2015)
The emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus was associated with dramatically increased skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) incidence in the first few years of the 21st century in the U.S. However, subsequent trends are poorly understood.
We examined ambulatory and inpatient data of over 48 million persons years aged 0–64 years from the HealthCore Integrated Research Database (HIRD) between 2005 and 2010. Data were extracted from medical, pharmacy, and eligibility databases. We quantified SSTI incidence, type, and complications and comparative incidence trends for urinary tract infections (UTIs) and pneumonia.
A total of 2,301,803 SSTIs were identified. Most SSTIs (95 %) were treated in the ambulatory setting and most (60 %) were categorized as abscesses or cellulitis. During the study period, SSTI incidence remained relatively stable from 47.9 (95 % CI: 47.8–48.1) cases/1,000 PY in 2005 to 48.5 cases/1,000 PY (95 % CI: 48.3–48.6) in 2010). Persons aged 45–64 years had the highest incidence of both ambulatory-treated and inpatient-treated SSTIs (51.2 (95 % CI: 51.1–51.3) and 3.87 (95 % CI: 3.84–3.90) cases/1,000 PY, respectively). SSTI complications such as myositis, gangrene, and sepsis occurred in 0.93 % (95 % CI: 0.92–0.94 %) and 16.92 % (95 % CI: 16.87–16.97 %) of ambulatory-treated and inpatient-treated patients, respectively. SSTI incidence was approximately twice that of UTIs and tenfold of that of pneumonia.
Among our large, diverse population of persons less than 65 years, SSTI incidence 2005 through 2010 has remained relatively constant at approximately 4.8 SSTIs per 100 person years, suggesting that previously observed increases in SSTI incidence remain sustained.
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are a common reason to seek medical care in the United States (U.S.), and worldwide [1, 2]. SSTIs can lead to complications with significant morbidity, including hospitalization, surgical procedures, bacteremia, and death [3, 4].
Reports from the early 2000s suggest that SSTI incidence in the U.S. was rising. An investigation using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey found that visits for SSTIs to U.S. physician offices, hospital outpatient departments, and emergency departments increased by 50 % between 1997 and 2004 . U.S. emergency department visits for SSTIs increased from an estimated 1.2 million visits annually in 1993 to 3.4 million in 2005 . Data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample (HCUP) found that hospital admissions for SSTIs increased by 29 % during 2000–2004 . There was no similar rise noted for other infectious diseases .
SSTIs constituted the most rapidly increasing reason for hospitalizations between 1997 and 2007, with stays for skin and subcutaneous tissue infections rising 90 % for men and 75 % for women . Increases in SSTI incidence appear to be driven by the dramatic increase in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) skin infections [1, 2, 5]. However, since this time there are few subsequent data on whether incidence of SSTIs in both ambulatory and inpatient settings has peaked, stabilized, or continued to rise. Additionally, there are no investigations that have taken a holistic approach to quantifying SSTI incidence in both the ambulatory and inpatient settings. To better understand trends in SSTI incidence, we reviewed administrative claims data within a large database of commercially insured members, who have full medical and pharmacy eligibility.
We performed an observational retrospective cohort study utilizing administrative claims data. Data included medical and pharmacy claims from the HealthCore Integrated Research Database (HIRD). The HIRD data environment includes linked medical, pharmacy, and eligibility data from 14 health plans in the US, and includes health maintenance, point-of-service, preferred provider organizations and indemnity plans located in the northeastern, southeastern, mid-Atlantic, Midwestern, and western regions of the US. Data from the HIRD has been used previously in multiple incidence and cost studies [7–10] and includes information on over 48 million person years from 2005 to 2010.
For purposes of this analysis, we included all persons with at least one day of enrollment within the health plan. All data were handled in compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996, and a limited dataset was used for the analyses. The limited dataset contained the fields of interest specific to the study including eligibility, medical and pharmacy information for the specified cohort during the study period and limits the amount of protected health information (PHI) in the dataset. Due to the fact that this research is observational in nature, with no intervention conducted on human subjects, and the research involves the analysis of existing administrative claims data, which is accessible by the investigators in such a manner that subjects cannot be identified, directly or through identifiers linked to the subjects, the study was approved as an exempt investigation by the Institutional Review Board at the Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA.
SSTI incidence rates were obtained from the overall HIRD population. To calculate incidence, all SSTI episodes from 01/01/2005 through 12/31/2010 were included. Patient selection was defined as patients who had ≥1 medical (inpatient, emergency room [ER] or outpatient) claim with an ICD-9 diagnosis code for an SSTI between 01/01/2005 and 12/31/2010. The earliest occurrence was defined as the onset date for the first (index) SSTI episode. Any two consecutive claims for SSTIs or their complications within 30 days of each other were considered part of the same SSTI episode. A new SSTI episode therefore occurred if a SSTI claim was preceded by at least 31 days without any claim for SSTI or complication. Second, incidence rates were then calculated by dividing the number of all SSTIs during the study period by the person-years (PY) contributed by each member during the calendar year. To assess whether potentially observed trends in SSTI were related to changes in the HIRD population or our methodology, we assessed annual incidence of two common infections occurring in the ambulatory and inpatient settings, pneumonia and urinary tract infections (UTIs) from 2005 to 2010, for which we hypothesized there would be no significant changes in infection incidence.
ICD-9 codes for SSTIs (Table 1) were identified based on definitions from previous investigations utilizing administrative claims data for identification of SSTIs [1, 2, 4, 5]. If an SSTI episode had claims with multiple clinical diagnoses for SSTIs, a hierarchy was implemented to categorize the type of SSTI episode and the infection was categorized as the more severe infection. The following categorization hierarchy, based on clinical judgment, was used (starting with most severe): (1) infection due to device or graft; (2) surgical site infection; (3) non-healing surgical wound; (4) decubitus ulcer; (5) mastitis; (6) cellulitis/abscess; (7) erysipelas; (8) other skin and soft tissue infections; (9) furuncle/carbuncle; (10) impetigo; and (11) folliculitis. We also used ICD-9 codes to identify pneumonias (481.xx, 482.xx, 483.xx, 485.xx and 486.xx) and UTIs (590.xx and 599.0) employing the same rules for SSTI claims outlined above, in which claims within 30 days of each other were considered to be part of the same episode. ICD-9 codes were based on pneumonia and UTI definitions from previous investigations utilizing administrative claims data [11–13]. Because of limitations of the HIRD extraction process, we used data on pneumonia and UTIs from 2005 to 2009.
Classification of SSTI episodes
Ambulatory-treatment vs. inpatient-treated of SSTI
SSTI episodes were classified as ambulatory-treated or inpatient-treated depending on where the first claim of the infection episode occurred. SSTIs whose first claim occured in the ambulatory care setting but resulted in a hospitalization were considered to be inpatient-treated. For ambulatory-treated infections, the proportion of episodes with a hospitalization was calculated. Further, any inpatient stay containing a clinical diagnosis of SSTI or its complications as one of the hospital discharge diagnoses during the infection episode was also captured. For inpatient-treated infections, we calculated re-hospitalization rates as the proportion of infections that had a subsequent hospitalization related to SSTI or its complications during the infection episode.
Complicated SSTIs vs. uncomplicated SSTIs
All SSTI episodes were categorized as either complicated or uncomplicated, based upon prior definitions [14, 15] in which complicated SSTIs were defined as a ICD-9 code diagnoses of severe SSTI or by the presence of a significant comorbid condition. Categories of severe SSTI diagnoses are detailed in Table 1. Comorbid conditions present during the pre-index period made any SSTI a complicated infection. These conditions included (a) chronic kidney disease; (b) chronic liver disease; (c) alcohol or drug abuse; (d) peripheral artery disease; (e) neuropathy; (f) diabetes; (g) obesity; and (h) compromised immune system (see Table 1 for ICD-9 codes).
Complications of SSTI episodes
Further, we examined relatively commonly described SSTI complications or sequelae . These complications included lymphadenitis (ICD-9: 683.xx); myositis (ICD-9: 728.0x); necrotizing fasciitis (ICD-9: 728.86); gangrene (ICD-9: 040.0x, 785.4x); osteomyelitis (ICD-9:730.xx); bacteremia (ICD-9:790.7x); endocarditis (ICD-9:391.1x); and septicemia or sepsis (ICD-9: 038.x, 040.82, 785.52). An SSTI occurrence was considered to have a complication if the complication occurred during the infection episode. Based on clinical experience, osteomyelitis was flagged as associated with an SSTI if it was preceded by an SSTI claim within 90 days.
Statistical comparisons were made using the chi-squared test and Cochrane-Armitage test, as appropriate. All analyses were performed using SAS 9.2 (Cary, North Carolina). A p value of p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
There were a total of 2,301,803 SSTIs in both the ambulatory and inpatient settings between 2005 and 2010. The vast majority (95 %) of SSTIs were diagnosed in the outpatient setting (ambulatory-treated; 45.73, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 45.67–45.79 episodes per 1,000 PY) vs. 2.19 (95 % CI: 2.17–2.20) episodes per 1,000 PY that were inpatient-treated (Table 2).
The age group with the highest incidence of SSTIs was 45–64 years in both the ambulatory-treated (51.23 SSTIs per 1,000 PY, 95 % CI: 51.12–51.34) and the inpatient-treated SSTIs (3.87 SSTIs per 1,000 PY, 95 % CI: 3.84–3.90; Table 2). In the ambulatory-treated SSTIs, differences in SSTI incidence were relatively modest between this group and the younger age groups; SSTI incidence among those ages 0–17 years and 18–44 years was 43.51 (95 % CI: 43.40–43.63) and 42.85 (95 % CI: 42.77–42.94) SSTIs per 1,000 PY, respectively. However, among inpatient-treated SSTIs, incidence differences were more pronounced. Incidence was 0.91 (95 % CI: 0.89–0.93) and 1.64 (95 % CI: 1.62–1.65) SSTIs per 1,000 PY among those ages 0–17 and 18–44, respectively, compared to 3.87 (95 % CI: 3.84–3.90) SSTIs per 1,000 PY among those age 45–64 (p < 0.0001).
The clinical diagnosis of abscess or cellulitis was the most common SSTI, representing 57.32 % (95 % CI: 57.26–57.38 %) of SSTIs overall; 57.62 % (95 % CI: 59.90–60.03) in the ambulatory-treated and 51.13 % (95 % CI: 50.71–51.55) in the inpatient-treated groups (Table 3). The remaining cases of SSTIs (ambulatory and inpatient combined) were comprised of folliculitis (12.00 %, 95 % CI: 11.96–12.04 %)), impetigo (6.61 %, 95 % CI: 6.58–6.64 %)), furuncle (3.29 %, 95 % CI: 3.26–3.31 %)), mastitis (2.25 %, 95 % CI: 2.23–2.27 %)), surgical site infection (2.19 %, 95 % CI: 2.17–2.21 %)), decubitus ulcer (5.28 %, 95 % CI: 5.25–5.31 %)), device or graft (1.21 %, 95 % CI: 1.19–1.22 %)) and other (unspecified cases of SSTI; 9.25 %, 95 % CI: 9.21–9.29 %)). Distributions of SSTI type stratified by ambulatory-treated and inpatient-treated SSTIs are further outlined in Table 3.
For inpatient-treated SSTIs, several categories of SSTIs had higher proportion of diagnosis than compared to their proportion in the ambulatory-treated group. These categories included surgical site infections (19.86 %, 95 % CI: 19.81–19.91 %)), SSTIs associated with devices or grafts (12.58 %, 95 % CI: 12.54–12.62 %)) and decubitus ulcers (9.66 %, 95 % CI: 9.62–9.70 %), p < 0.0001 for all comparisons) (Table 3). Overall, rates of complications of SSTIs including lymphadenitis, myositis, necrotizing fasciitis, gangrene, osteomyelitis, bacteremia, endocarditis, septicemia and sepsis, were 1.16 % (95 % CI: 1.15–1.17 %) in the outpatient-treated SSTIs and 23.28 % (95 % CI: 23.02–23.54 %) in the inpatient-treated SSTIs (Table 3). Additional complications of SSTIs and proportion patients of re-hospitalized stratified by initial SSTI category and treatment location are detailed in Table 3.
Temporal trends in SSTIs are summarized in Fig. 1. Despite a slight decrease from 2005 to 2007, SSTI incidence remained relatively unchanged from 2005 to 2010, from 47.94 (95 % CI: 47.79–48.09) to 48.46 (95 % CI: 48.31–48.61) SSTIs per 1,000 PY. In this time period, the incidence of uncomplicated SSTIs also remained relatively stable from 27.34 (95 % CI: 27.23–27.46) to 27.45 (95 % CI: 27.33–27.57) SSTIs per 1,000 PY, as did complicated infections 20.57 (95 % CI: 20.47–20.67) to 20.99, (95 % CI: 20.88–21.09) SSTIs/1,000 PY. Although all trends were statistically significant (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons), the magnitude of change was relatively small.
In our comparative examination of other common infectious diseases from 2005 to 09, we found an incidence of UTIs, ranging from 17.31 to 19.95 infections per 1,000 PY during the study period, and incidence of pneumonia ranging from 4.59 to 5.03 per 1,000 PY during the study period (Fig. 2).
We performed an examination of both ambulatory- and inpatient-treated SSTIs as part of a single investigation in a large cohort of patients. We analyzed data from an administrative database and identified over 2.3 million SSTIs between 2005 and 2010. We found that the incidence of SSTIs is substantial and approximately twice of that of UTIs and tenfold of that of pneumonia. In our study period, on average, over 4 SSTIs occurred per 100 persons aged 0–64 years old annually. We also found that SSTIs were about twenty times more likely to be ambulatory-treated than inpatient-treated. Finally, our findings suggest that the rapid increase in SSTI incidence observed earlier during this Century [1, 2, 5] has leveled off, and SSTI incidence has been relatively stable across our study period.
We used ICD-9 codes to identify SSTI occurrences, which is a research identification method similar (or identical) to previous SSTI investigations [1, 2, 5]. While diagnosing SSTIs using ICD-9 coding has limitations (i.e., potential misclassification, coding errors), we observed that our SSTI incidence was comparable to other studies that used different administrative claims databases. Hersch et al. estimated outpatient infections in the U.S. and found that the visit rate among patients aged 18–44 years increased from 13.1 visits per 1,000 population in 1997 to 27.1 in 2005 . Their 2005 estimates compare to our findings of 42.9 ambulatory-treated infections per 1,000 population per year between 2005 and 2010 in this age group. However, they used data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, which did not sample non-physician clinician visits in office-based practices, which may in part explain their lower incidence . Edelsberg et al. found that an estimated 289,715 admissions occurred for SSTIs among patients aged 45–64 years in 2004 . Our estimate of SSTIs with inpatient-treated of 3.9 per 1,000 PY in the 45–64 age category represents about 277,000 episodes during 2004, based on U.S. census population estimates for this year . These results suggest that our findings of SSTI incidence are valid in comparison to other investigations employing claim-based methodologies. Finally, our SSTI incidence over the study period of 47.9 SSTIs/1000 person years is also similar to that the 49.6 SSTIs/1000 person year rate found in a population of Kaiser Permanente Northern California patients from 2009 to 2011 when analyzing electronic medical records and administrative databases .
Our study is novel as it compares SSTI incidence to other common infectious diseases. The reasons for these comparisons were twofold. First, if a trend was noted SSTI incidence, we wanted to ensure that these represented true incidence changes rather than secular changes in the HIRD population or other methodological factors. However, SSTI incidence changes observed were relatively modest and likely represented year to year fluctuations rather than true trends observed between the late 1990s and 2005 in other populations [1, 2, 5]. The second reason for comparing SSTI trends to other common infectious diseases is descriptive. We chose pneumonia and UTIs given they are relatively common infections seen in both inpatient and ambulatory settings and affect both children and adults. We found an SSTI incidence approximately twice of that of UTIs and 10 fold of that of pneumonia. The UTI incidence of 17.3–20.0 UTIs per 1,000 PY is comparable to findings from outpatients <65 years in Veteran Administration (VA) clinics in 2001. Among females, our UTI incidence was 31.43 UTIs/1,000 PY (data not shown), which is comparable to the estimated 55.1–60.6 UTIs per 1,000 PY in VA clinics . Among males, UTI incidence was 5.23 UTIs/1,000 PY (data not shown), which is comparable to the estimated 16.7–22.7 UTIs per 1,000 PY men . Our lower rate may be related to the fact that the VA does not care for children, in which the incidence of UTI is very low [11, 12], and the VA population may not be representative of insured adults. When these facts are considered, the rates may be more comparable. Our pneumonia incidence we found was comparable to ICD-9 code data from the very large MarketScan Commercial database, in which the pneumonia incidence of 4.89 episodes per 1,000 PY among those aged 18–64 is comparable to our incidence of 4.10–5.03 per 1,000 PY.
Our study has several strengths. First, we studied trends in a demographically diverse population that included a very large group of persons with and without significant co-morbidities. Second, the time period of our investigation was novel in that it examined SSTI incidence in the period after a rapid rise in SSTIs that occurred in the first 5 years of the 21st Century [1, 2]. Third, we used databases that included both inpatient and outpatient treated SSTIs. Previous large studies in the U.S. captured skin infections only in ambulatory settings, and used sample sizes that were a thousand-fold smaller than the present research to create estimates of SSTI [1, 19]. SSTI investigations in hospitalized patients that used HCUP data utilized a stratified random sample of only inpatient stays for SSTI [5, 6]. Unlike these previous efforts, our investigation directly measured SSTI rates rather than analyzing a subset of cases or a convenience sample.
There are limitations to our investigation. First, due to the nature of the commercially insured data used, we did not include persons over 65, the majority of them who utilize a Medicare or fee-for-service reimbursement model instead of commercial insurance plans. If we were able to quantify SSTI incidence in older Americans, it is likely the rates of infection would be substantially higher in this age group compared to younger persons. Older Americans typically have a higher prevalence of co-morbidities associated with increased risk for SSTI and they have a higher risk of many other infections probably due co-morbidities and declines in host defenses [21, 22]. Second, we did not have microbiologic correlations for each SSTI. Thus we could not assess if the relationship between CA-MRSA trends and SSTI incidence in our cohort. Nevertheless, other investigations have shown that CA-MRSA appears to be the primary cause of increasing community-associated SSTI incidence in the beginning around 2000 [23, 24]. Third, although we were able to categorize diagnoses of skin infection by clinical type, the accuracy of these designations is unclear as diagnoses were derived from billing codes that may or may not have reflected accurately the pathology of the actual infection seen by clinician. Fourth, our designation of uncomplicated and complicated may not necessarily be consistent with definitions used by others [14, 15]. Regardless, there is no standardized definition distinguishing complicated from uncomplicated infection and, when developed, such distinctions may only be useful for clinical trials in which clinicians are prospectively determining definitions based on clinical presentation . Finally, our study population is selected from all the U.S. regions and some regions are more represented than others. However, overall the HIRD population is geographically diverse and covers most regions of the U.S.
In summary, we found that SSTI incidence between 2005 and 2010 has remained relatively constant, suggesting that with previously observed increases in SSTI incidence have now been stabilized. The SSTI incidence remained relatively steady among both ambulatory-treated and inpatient-treated infections as well as among both complicated and uncomplicated infections. Between 2005 and 2010, approximately 4.8 SSTIs requiring medical attention annually occurred per 100 person years among those aged 64 years and younger. Given the high incidence of SSTIs, interventions to prevent SSTIs would have great potential to reduce disease morbidity and health care utilization.
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
HealthCore Integrated Research Database
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Ninth Revision
Protected health information
Skin and soft tissue infection
Urinary tract infections
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We wish to thank Maria Perry M.P.H. and Ella Nkhoma for thier assistance with the statistical analysis, and Margaret Kelly for proof reading.
This work was supported by GlaxoSmithKline. Publication of these results is not contingent upon the sponsor’s approval or censorship of the manuscript.
Dr. Miller reported receiving grant support GlaxoSmithKline and consulting fees from Pfizer, Durata Therapeutics, and GlaxoSmithKline. Drs. Eisenberg, Chang, and Singer, Mr. Luthra, Ms. Wallace and Ms. Fang are employees of HealthCore, an independent contract research organization that has received research funding from GlaxoSmithKline for this study. Drs. Eisenberg, Chang, and Singer, Mr. Luthra, and Ms. Wallace and Ms. Fang are all shareholders of Wellpoint. Dr. Suaya were employees of GlaxoSmithKline group of companies and held shares of GlaxoSmithKline at the time of the study.
Acquisition of data: DFE, C-LC, AW, CF, JS. Analysis and interpretation of data: LGM, DFE, HL, C-LC, YW, RL, AW, CF, JS, JAS. Drafting of the manuscript: LGM, DFE, JAS. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: LGM, DFE, HL, C-LC, YW, RL, AW, CF, JS, JAS. Statistical analysis: LGM, DFE, HL, C-LC, YW, RL, JAS. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Loren G. Miller and Jose A. Suaya contributed equally to this work.
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Miller, L.G., Eisenberg, D.F., Liu, H. et al. Incidence of skin and soft tissue infections in ambulatory and inpatient settings, 2005–2010. BMC Infect Dis 15, 362 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-015-1071-0
- Soft Tissue Infection
- Necrotizing Fasciitis
- Veteran Administration
- National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey | <urn:uuid:0f8ad206-988b-4665-afe7-b466dfce0358> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-015-1071-0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.915075 | 7,645 | 2.25 | 2 |
Despite forecasts of 8% economic growth this year, China is struggling to overcome many homemade economic challenges. The debt crisis facing the country’s largest real estate developers – led by China Evergrande, which owes more than $ 300 billion – threatens to crash the real estate market. New home sales have decreased by a fifth.
Beijing has also kept many of China’s tech giants in check, sparking a sell-off in shares in online shopping giant Alibaba and video game maker Tencent, among others. On Friday, Tencent was ordered to suspend new *p launches as part of further restrictions on its expansion plans.
Chinese regulators targeted the regional banking sector last month amid concerns that business tycoons and local government officials have forged too close ties with some of the country’s small and medium-sized lenders. These banks make up about a third of China’s commercial banking sector, with assets of $ 14 trillion.
Exports support the weakening economy
However, China’s incredible manufacturing *paratus has come to the rescue of the country and helped sustain the economy. In October, the Asian powerhouse posted a record monthly trade surplus as exports skyrocketed despite global supply chain disruptions. Exports rose 27.1% year over year to $ 300.2 billion last month.
While Beijing has allayed fears about its measures to cool the property market and restraint from banks and tech companies, some analysts are surprised that demand for Chinese goods in the West has remained robust for so long after the lockdown. At some point, they argue, the United States and Europe will see growth in domestic services, including tourism and hospitality, outpacing demand for imported goods. And where will China stay?
“China has benefited from extremely strong global demand, while domestic consumption is the weak point. It has never really recovered.” [from the pandemic]compared to investment or production, “says Max Zengelin, chief economist at the Mercator Institute for China Studies (MERICS) in Berlin.
A recovery in consumer spending has been slowed by further COVID-19 outbreaks long after the virus first emerged in Wuhan in late 2019. A tough elimination policy has temporarily closed districts and entire cities. The restrictions had a negative impact on retail sales, which fell short of the forecast 7% year-over-year increase in August and only rebounded 2.5%.
Winter Olympics don’t help
The Winter Olympics, to be held in Beijing and neighboring Hebei Province in February, would normally give any economy a big boost. But entry restrictions are likely to keep overseas sports fans out, while large domestic trips could fuel further coronavirus outbreaks and further dampen consumer spending.
According to forecasts by Bloomberg Economics, the strong export momentum is likely to support growth for a few more months. However, falling demand from the west remains a major risk for the world’s second largest economy, Zengelin said, which would put Beijing in a “tricky position”. China’s leadership would then be “under pressure to provide an incentive that could conflict with their attempts to reduce financial risk.”
China has vowed to stop flooding the economy with huge monetary and fiscal stimulus to spur growth. Instead, Beijing is planning smaller, targeted measures to stimulate domestic consumption, including aid for small and medium-sized businesses.
The new *proach is a way to realize President Xi Jinping’s vision of “common prosperity” to tackle income and wealth inequalities that have worsened over the past decade.
Guidelines are inconsistent with rhetoric
China’s leadership has claimed for years that domestic consumption is an economic priority, but production for export continues to dominate. The Standing Committee of the Communist Party’s Politburo has proposed a strategy for a “double circulation economy” that stimulates domestic demand while reducing dependence on foreign markets. Zengelin said the idea remains a “theoretical concept, not a policy”.
“China’s economic policy runs counter to stimulating domestic consumption. In order to stimulate consumption, fundamental institutional changes must be made and the economy restructured, ”he said. “Domestic consumption remains China’s weak spot and I see no signs of change in the short term.”
In a recent opinion piece for Project Syndicate, US economist Stephen S. Roach warned of Beijing’s “redistribution plus re-regulation” plan, which he said is “at the heart of the market-based” reforms that “have underpinned China’s growth miracle.” since the 1980s. Roach said the increase in government scrutiny could be a “dangerous misjudgment”.
Zeneglin supported these comments by stating that “increasing consumption means withdrawing the state, but we are seeing the exact opposite”.
A report by US think tank Atlantic Council and consultancy Rhodium Group last month called on Beijing to allow the private sector to play a bigger role in the economy and encourage cross-border investment to maintain its economic edge.
“Without a market-oriented shift, China will struggle to maintain growth potential of over 3% per annum through the middle of this decade,” the report said.
An indication that Beijing was preparing a new stimulus came this week as the country’s central bank cut several sentences in its latest monetary policy report.
They included a note on adherence to “normal monetary policy” and another on how it would not use large-scale, flood-like incentives. | <urn:uuid:2bdee90d-18ab-4331-a3fc-bfe1b1dbd68a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shepherdgazette.com/chinas-economy-whats-next-for-the-asian-powerhouse-business-economic-and-financial-news-from-a-german-perspective-dw/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.951325 | 1,154 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Chapter 4: Some Points from Epistemology and Philosophy of Science To Help Us Think
A larger question here is how science and religion are related to reality. Ian Barbour, in his work on reconciling science and religion, describes a four-category typology of the ways we may think science and religion relate to one another: conflict, independence, dialogue, and integration.
Ian Barbour’s 4 models of the interaction between religion and science:
- Conflict: Science and religion are in conflict. This view assumes that either science or religion is true while the other is necessarily false, and thus the perspectives of each will be in conflict.
- Independence: Both science and religion can be true, but in different domains. This view assumes that science and religion focus on different things, so as long as each keeps to its own domain, it can yield truth in that domain (Stephen J Gould’s idea of non-overlapping magesteria would be an example of this view).
- Dialogue: Science and religion can be conversation partners, as they both contain truth about many things. This view doesn’t assume that science and religion are the same, but that there is enough overlap in what they focus on to mutually inform one another about truths.
- Integration: The truths of science and religion can be integrated into a larger whole. This view assumes that the best way to understand the world is through an integration of science and religion, because they are complementary modes of knowing the truth about reality.
While there are many implications of these views, for now, the point to note can simply be that “conflict” isn’t the only reasonable option, so if you find yourself in a conversation where the assumption seems to be that conflict between religion and science is the only option, just know that you needn’t be drawn into that fight – -there are other (and probably better) options for understanding and discussing these relations.
It may also be helpful to think about the range of disciplines and fields of knowledge that most universities support, so that we can expand this conversation even more towards its proper bounds, which are larger than we’ve let on so far. The chart below lays out some of the common disciplines across a spectrum of fields in the physical/natural sciences, the social sciences, the humanities and arts, and religion/ethics. Note that the data and information we gather about things at the far left (physical) end of the spectrum are based on essentially infinitely repeatable and physically-caused phenomena, which can often be reduced to laws. But items of interest at the other end of the spectrum, things like ethics and morals and other things we want to know related to the meaning of life, these are not things that function so much like physically caused things, like billiard balls colliding. So the kinds of things we want to know about across the spectrum differ, as do the methods we use to learn about different types of things.
Spectrum of Disciplines
|Natural Sciences||Social Sciences||Humanities/Arts||Religion/Ethics|
|ecology||civics/poly sci||arts, music|
If you think about all of the various disciplines of knowledge at the university, the spectrum displayed above suggests a range of approaches to understanding just about everything under the sun. One exercise to help think about this further is the following: If you were to chart the following pairs of terms on the spectrum above in terms of where such things are studied, at which end of the spectrum (or where in the middle) would you put each term?
- facts versus values
- objective versus subjective
- “is” versus “ought” (to be)
- lawful versus unique
- public versus private
- real versus symbolic
- material versus spiritual
- predictable/repeatable versus unique/unrepeatable
- daily/mundane/profane versus life- changing/transformative/sacred
- questions of observables and physical interactions versus questions of meaning, purpose, and morals
There is more overlap and trading on these points than simple dichotomies suggest, but it might be helpful to think about where you’d place each term. Regardless of where we place these different words and phrases, a key point here is that the different knowledge domains along the spectrum use different methods to know about different (and/or similar and/or related) types of things. You don’t set up a controlled experiment to learn about the impacts of child abuse like you might set up an experiment to learn about how one reagent interacts with another in a chemistry lab. And yet, facts and objectivity do play a role all across the spectrum, just as values and subjectivity do. Consider that it’s one thing to know what a physical thing does when it strikes another physical thing – that’s simple physics, and it is ever repeatable. But what is it to know about a moral concept and how that influences a human’s behavior? That’s a different type of thing to know about; it may show tendencies, but will resist pure repeatability due to human free will.
These questions about the properties of knowledge across the spectrum lead us to Barbour’s redefinition of objectivity as “intersubjective testability with commitment to universality.” Barbour notes that data are always theory-laden, and science is subjective and human, though still reliable. So what is sometimes considered to be “objectively” true, might more properly be viewed (particularly for a critical realist like Barbour) as that which the relevant community of experts agrees is reasonable and reliably “true” based on all that we know at any given time, and according to our most rigorous processes of peer review and testing of results and ideas. Surprisingly, this sort of process isn’t entirely dissimilar from how the canon of scripture within Christianity was formed, through a public process of intersubjective testability over several hundred years. These ideas will be more deeply engaged below. In any case, it becomes clear that the pursuit of reliable knowledge and understanding is not only important in “science,” but also in other domains of knowledge.
Another provocative view of what can be known reliably, particularly in religion, is that of Greek Orthodox theologian Vladimir Lossky. Lossky’s notion of full-being knowing as the integration of ratio and intellectus, public and private, treats theology as the publicly or commonly agreed interpretation of people’s private or unrepeatable spiritual experiences. Lossky’s view suggests that this is what leads to orthodoxy, that there’s an intersubjective (hence empirical) agreement in experience across members of a community about real things that have happened to them and what those things mean. If so, that which we call “objective” is more or less what we agree upon as “orthodoxy.”
- From: Four Views of Science and Religion, p. 7-38 (Ch 1) in Barbour, I.G. (2000). When Science Meets Religion (Harper SanFrancisco: SanFrancisco). Another overview is found in Hallanger, N.J. (2012). “Ian G. Barbour,” p. 600-610 in The Blackwell Companion to Science and Christianity, First Edition, Ed. by J.B. Stump and A.G. Padgett. A good discussion of these four is also found here: https://scienceandtheology.wordpress.com/2010/11/11/science-and-religion-barbours-4-models/ ↵
- Some signs that a conversation is caught in these narrow confines is when someone says something like: “well, everyone knows…” or “well, religion has always been at odds with science…” or other overblown generalizations. ↵
- As Richard Baer was fond of saying: when you want to know how physical particles behave under different conditions, you subject them to those conditions and carefully observe the results. If, however, you are curious to know how torture affects the mental well-being of children, you don't subject children to torture and then carefully observe and record the results (unless you are a sociopath). Instead, we use thought experiments (and sometimes books and movies serve as types of thought experiments to help us think though and see or test what might happen in different social conditions), or we examine what has happened in various cultures. ↵
- Keep in mind that many famous scientific discoveries have been made by accident or were aided by dreams or various and sundry serendipities – creative leaps don’t only come from “purely objective” number crunching. ↵
- “Free will” is a debated concept. For many, free will seems one of the more obvious traits of human reality, but others argue that it is not a proper entity. From a purely materialistic worldview, which believes all things to be reducible to physical or chemical causes, free will must be viewed as an illusion; this belief is not shared by all (and perhaps not by most). ↵
- Vladamir Lossky, The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church, St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1976 ↵
- Lossky, from The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church: “Far from being mutually opposed, theology and mysticism support and complete each other. One is impossible without the other. If the mystical experience is a person working out of the content of the common faith, theology is an expression, for the profit of all, of that which can be experienced by everyone. Outside the truth kept by the whole Church personal experience would be deprived of all certainty, of all objectivity. It would be a mingling of truth and of falsehood, of reality and of illusion: ‘mysticism’ in the bad sense of the word. On the other hand, the teaching of the Church would have no hold on souls if it did not in some degree express an inner experience of truth, granted in different measure to each one of the faithful. There is, therefore, no Christian mysticism without theology; but, above all, there is no theology without mysticism…” (p.8-9). ↵ | <urn:uuid:581637f7-ca0a-4a0b-9f6c-b7d0a5da4a46> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub/enr3470/chapter/4-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.943746 | 2,230 | 2.953125 | 3 |
'Van Doren, Mark, 1894-1972'
Mark Van Doren
Mark Van Doren won the Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1940 for his 1939 volume of collected poems and was a literary critic and professor. He had a profound effect on Merton as a professor of English at Columbia University in New York. Van Doren was at Columbia from 1920 to 1959. Merton stayed in contact with Van Doren after leaving Columbia and after entering the monastery. Van Doren selected the pieces for Merton's Thirty Poems and helped get them published. Merton also knew Van Doren's wife, Dorothy, and sons Charles and John. Mark Van Doren visited Merton at Gethsemani a few times and met once with him in Louisville. (Source: The Road to Joy, p. 3.)
This manuscript has no associated subjects.
RESTRICTIONS: Please click here for general restrictions concerning Merton's manuscripts. | <urn:uuid:d19e1c0f-3d75-4937-b689-291df1fad59b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.merton.org/Research/Manuscripts/manu.aspx?id=2044 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.96263 | 197 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Now’s the time of year when you’ll hear all that crap about “never” giving puppies as gifts.
We don’t need articles like that.
What we need is a guide on how to give a dog or puppy or kitten as a gift responsibly.
The rescue group I volunteer with has had more adoptions in the last month than ever because so many people want to add a dog to their families around the holidays. While this particular group usually has around 15-20 adoptions on a typically weekend, it had 38 adoptions the weekend of Thanksgiving! So awesome!
Time tends to slow down a bit from Dec. 24 to Jan. 2 or so (for some of us!). Some people can take time off from work. Kids are home from school to help. The holidays are not pure chaos for everyone, believe it or not. It can (and should?) be a peaceful time.
Josh and I stayed home for Christmas last year, and it was the most relaxing week and a half I’d had in a long time.
So here are some ideas for giving a family member a puppy as a gift … responsibly.
1. Go out and choose the puppy together.
Perhaps the most obvious idea is to simply adopt or buy a dog together as a family around the holidays. This will be exciting enough. The dog doesn’t have to be a surprise. It’s better to involve everyone and make a family decision.
In some cases, you may be able to coordinate with a shelter, rescue group or breeder to pick up the dog or puppy on Christmas Eve or Christmas after you have chosen him, but getting the dog anywhere around that time would be just as exciting and meaningful.
2. Surprise your kids with a card about getting a dog.
If you want to surprise your daughter with a puppy, you can still do that. Just surprise her with a card that says something like:
“It’s time to get that puppy you’ve always wanted. Let’s go pick one out together this month. Love, Mom & Dad.”
That would still be an awesome surprise, right? But it allows you and your family to choose the dog responsibly together, taking your time to choose the right one.
3. Offer to pay the dog’s adoption fee.
You don’t have to go out and buy or adopt a puppy for your husband as a surprise. That’s probably not a good idea. But what you could do is offer to pay the breeder or pay the adoption fee when your husband is ready to choose a dog. This shows your support and is almost as exciting as giving the actual dog.
Adoption fees from shelters and rescues range from about $50 to $400 depending on where you go. Breeders often charge much more than that, so you might want to offer to pay a percentage. 🙂
4. Give dog supplies.
If you know your son wants a dog, wrap up a nice leash or dog bed and give that as a gift to show your support. Leashes and beds are fairly neutral as far as the gender of the dog and size of the dog. If you know the type of dog he wants, you could give him a nice collar. Other options could be dog toys and treats, gift cards or offering to buy a kennel or food.
We all know the costs add up fast, so any type of gift like this would be appreciated.
5. Pay for training, grooming or dog daycare.
Dogs are expensive! If your boyfriend wants a dog, offer to pay for the first round of dog training classes (typically around $150), grooming ($50+), dog daycare or a dog walker for his future dog. I suggest a handmade card or note and then paying for the training, daycare, etc., when the time comes. Your boyfriend may want to choose the specific trainer or daycare.
Another expense you could offer to cover could be the puppy’s future spay/neuter surgery (assuming your boyfriend wants the dog altered) or the first vet visit.
6. Give a picture of a puppy or a stuffed toy dog with a note.
If your girlfriend wants a puppy, how about surprising her with a framed picture of a puppy with a note about picking one out together? Or giving her a stuffed toy puppy with a card about choosing the real thing together?
7. Offer your services for help with the dog.
If your best friend wants a dog, how about giving her a gift like offering to pet sit for free or offering to take the puppy out for a midday potty break? Or maybe giving her some of the dog supplies you no longer need?
If you live far away, you could offer to pay the dog’s first boarding fee or pet sitting fee when your friend comes to visit you.
8. Donate to a rescue or shelter your loved one supports.
If your mom is involved with dog rescue, she probably has a specific group or two she regularly donates to or volunteers with. More than likely, she will want her dog to come from that specific group. Trust me, as a rescue volunteer myself, I know it would mean a lot to her if you made a donation to that group in her name.
I suggest a card that says something like:
“Mom, I know this rescue group means so much to you so I donated $100 in your name. Who knows, maybe it will help your future dog. Can’t wait to meet the lucky dog you choose.”
So, as you can see … giving a puppy as a gift doesn’t have to literally mean you surprise your brother with a puppy. There are a lot of creative ways you can “give” someone a dog without surprising them with an an actual dog.
Obviously, getting a dog or puppy is a big decision and the primary caregiver of that dog needs to be a part of choosing that dog.
OK, now I want to hear your ideas!
Have any of you ever given or received a pet as a gift?
What advice would you add to this list? | <urn:uuid:5cf05a51-25fd-4dcd-b454-30898453d31d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thatmutt.com/2015/12/20/how-to-give-a-dog-or-puppy-as-a-gift-responsibly/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.968071 | 1,293 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Cloud processing is a method to store and retrieve data from a remote location applying an Internet interconnection. Businesses can use SaaS applications to offload simple IT requirements and pay just for the resources they use. Cloud computer can also be used to temporarily scale capacity and offload high-demand compute requirements. SaaS solutions are generally bundled, meaning a business can use them for no matter what needs come up. These products and services are often more affordable than onsite infrastructure and need little or no tech knowledge to use.
As impair computing is constantly on the expand, many organisations are utilizing the capabilities within the cloud to simplify mission-critical app and data delivery. A few of the most popular impair services include computer system virtualization alternatives and software delivery. These kinds of cloud services are changing the way businesses operate and exactly how people do the job. Listed below are many of the most important top features of cloud offerings. If you’re unsure how to use these kinds of services, continue reading. After all, they’re a valuable investment that is certainly sure to make a difference in your organization.
Data may be easily used in a digital server every time and recovered as necessary. These solutions eliminate the have to search for hard drives and generate data free easier than ever. Data transfer is easy, and no limitations on how much data an individual can can store. In addition , info can be transferred from far distances without any restrictions. vdrservice.net/uspstf-recommendations-on-cloudbased-infrastructures-risks/ The benefits of cloud computing can not be overstated. A company’s popularity and solutions can be affected by a program failure. | <urn:uuid:490ee692-8d94-47b5-9bbc-5acd508ff606> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://nalluinfotech.com/2022/08/03/using-virtual-and-cloud-providers-to-make-simpler-mission-critical-programs-and-info-delivery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.934573 | 347 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Published time: 11 August 2020
Authors: Emily E. Sickbert-Bennett, PhD, MS; James M. Samet, PhD, MPH; Phillip W. Clapp, PhD; Hao Chen, PhD; Jon Berntsen, PhD; Kirby L. Zeman, PhD; Haiyan Tong, MD, PhD; David J. Weber, MD, MPH; William D. Bennett, PhD
Importance Procuring respiratory protection for clinicians and other health care workers has become a major challenge of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and has resulted in nonstandard practices such as the use of expired respirators and various decontamination processes to prolong the useful life of respirators in health care settings. In addition, imported, non–National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-approved respirators have been donated or acquired by hospitals as a potential replacement for limited NIOSH-approved N95 respirators.
Objective To assess fitted filtration efficiencies (FFEs) for face mask alternatives used during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Design, Setting, and Participants For this quality-improvement study conducted between April and June 2020, we used the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s Quantitative Fit Testing Protocol for Filtering Facepiece Respirators in a laboratory atmosphere supplemented with sodium chloride particles to assess the FFEs of a variety of respirators worn by a male volunteer and female volunteer.
Main Outcomes and Measures The FFEs of respirators commonly worn by clinicians and other health care workers and available respirator alternatives during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results Of the 29 different fitted face mask alternatives tested on 1 man and 1 woman, expired N95 respirators with intact elastic straps and respirators subjected to ethylene oxide and hydrogen peroxide sterilization had unchanged FFE (>95%). The performance of N95 respirators in the wrong size had slightly decreased performance (90%-95% FFE). All of the respirators not listed as approved in this evaluation (n = 6) failed to achieve 95% FFE. Neither of the 2 imported respirators authorized for use by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that were not NIOSH-approved tested in this study achieved 95% FFE, and the more effective of the 2 functioned at approximately 80% FFE. Surgical and procedural face masks had filtering performance that was lower relative to that of N95 respirators (98.5% overall FFE), with procedural face masks secured with elastic ear loops showing the lowest efficiency (38.1% overall FFE).
Conclusions and Relevance This quality-improvement study evaluating 29 face mask alternatives for use by clinicians interacting with patients during the COVID-19 pandemic found that expired N95 respirators and sterilized, used N95 respirators can be used when new N95 respirators are not available. Other alternatives may provide less effective filtration.
Filtration efficiency of hospital face mask alternatives available for use during the covid19 pandemic | <urn:uuid:55018779-4cc0-442e-acac-f4c626fe347e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://covid19.tabipacademy.com/2020/08/21/filtration-efficiency-of-hospital-face-mask-alternatives-available-for-use-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.913854 | 630 | 1.929688 | 2 |
With our year long Ultimate Money Challenge, we’re challenging readers to a different personal finance challenge every month. This month, we’re taking on debt. Let’s cut your debt interest rate.
Interest can really put a damper on your goal to get out of debt. Instead of putting all of your money toward the debt’s principal, you have to dedicate some of it to interest, which means you pay more over time and your payoff takes longer. That’s why this month’s challenge is to reduce your debt interest rate. Some ways to do this:
- If you’re in consumer debt, call your credit card company and ask for a better rate.
- If you’re repaying a student loan, set up a direct debit your student loan to get a discount on interest
- Refinance your student loan
Some of these moves shouldn’t be made lightly. For example, student loan refinancing can nab you a lower interest rate, but if you have a federal loan, you could lose your relief options. These options aren’t right for everyone, but we challenge you to find which options may be right for you, so you can save money on interest and get one step closer to your debt payoff.
If you’re up for the challenge, tell us your plan of action. What can and will you do this month to lower your debt interest?
Photo by frankieleon. | <urn:uuid:bb32b115-1d83-4086-a718-a5f92e793f95> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lifehacker.com/may-s-money-challenge-save-money-on-interest-1773934342 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.906319 | 304 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Welcome to your third e-Training lesson. Here Keith Robertson shares his top tips for mastering your free walk, and we focus on prelim 12.
Session 1: Changing the rein in free walk
With a free walk, the braver you are, the better the mark can be. You want to allow the horse to stretch and take the contact, without throwing the reins at him.
Look to achieve rhythm in your walk and softness in the neck. Although it’s a free walk, a clear four beat rhythm is preferable, rather than one that hurries.
To try at home…
Tip one: If your horse struggles to stretch, ride a circle to help keep the shape through his body and neck.
Tip two: If he is inconsistent in the hand, gently hold the contact until he’s still and then try and let go a little more.
Tip three: Repetition is key — you want to teach your horse to be confident, eventually allowing him to stretch down further.
Tip four: When you take up the reins the judge wants to see a smooth transition, so practise gradually picking up the contact at home, so the horse doesn’t struggle or tighten.
Tip five: If he gets tense, take the contact up slowly over a period of three or four sections, rather than all in one go.
Let others know if you found this session effective in our Facebook group.
Session 2: Half 20m circles in free walk
In prelim 12 you are required to ride a half 20m circle in free walk (double score). Lots of people allow the horse to become inattentive during this movement, so don’t drop him onto the buckle of the reins.
To try at home…
Tip one: Practise riding a free walk on a curved line. It is beneficial for green horses, or those who struggle with the contact, as it encourages them to have more bend. Ensure you keep an even contact between your hands – don’t hang off the rein to get the bend. Instead, think about creating the bend with your legs as well as your hands.
Tip two: When riding the half circle, be careful not to “strangle” the walk — allow the horse to continue marching forward. If the horse gets tense when returning to medium walk from free walk, wait longer to pick up your reins.
Tip three: Have several walk breaks in training so that when you pick the horse up again he doesn’t necessarily anticipate he’s about to be asked to trot — you want him to expect to be asked but not predict when.
Session 3: Practise the whole test
It’s now time to practise riding the test as a whole, but first watch this week’s test riding video with Isobel Wessels:
If you can not view the video player above, please click here
Focus on ensuring you are comfortable with the following prelim 12 movements:
- Half circle 10m diameter
- Half circle 20m diameter in free walk (double score)
- Transitions when changing the rein
How are you getting on so far with your e-Training? Remember to let us know how you find this week’s session in our Facebook group.
Horse & Hound magazine, out every Thursday, is packed with all the latest news and reports, as well as interviews, specials, nostalgia, vet and training advice. Find out more about getting the magazine delivered to your door every week. | <urn:uuid:1aac2a3c-1027-4d0a-9f45-3f7907a341be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.horseandhound.co.uk/horse-training/perfecting-prelim-12-mastering-free-walk-611124?utm_source=website&utm_medium=landingpage&utm_campaign=eTrainingWeek3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.936129 | 725 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Coffee Reading$35 / person
We see coffee in your future
Tasseography (or tasseomancy) is the academic term for Turkish coffee fortune telling, a tradition dating back to the 1600s during the Ottoman Empire.
The Confetti team will provide you with a submission form to collect photos of coffee grounds from participants before the event. An experienced fortune teller will interpret the symbol, figures, and patterns in your coffee grounds right before your eyes via Zoom. Per old school Turkish tradition, the readings can be performed communally.
These readings are meant to be light-hearted, fun and insightful!
Note: Participants must submit their photos at least 2 business days prior to event.
- Designed Invitation for Participants
- Coffee Fortune Teller
- Zoom Link
- Ground Coffee
- Access to Boiling Water
- Ability to Use Zoom (Free) | <urn:uuid:068c4470-6ad0-44e8-ad9a-38170424cc5c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.withconfetti.com/product/virtual-coffee-reading?utm_medium=blog&utm_source=snacknation&utm_content=virtual-event-gift-boxes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.88916 | 181 | 1.679688 | 2 |
The Chilling Effect of Student Observance: Disproportionate Impacts and Mental Health Risks. As technology becomes an more and more prevalent part of school life, students and their activities are progressively monitored. The spark for much of this interest has been the Noesis and Student Learning program CASL, an enterprise of the Institute of Education Department Sciences within the US Department of Acquisition. Accomplished in , the program aims to produce “an array of tools and strategies e. Wellbeing Ambassadors Impact Report. Worth it’s Early Hindrance Network. State Governance of Victoria, Country We respectfully recognise the Traditional Owners of country end-to-end Victoria and pay respect to the ongoing living cultures of First Peoples. Our website uses a free tool to be into other languages.
As Roediger, McDaniel, and McDermott have remarked, rare is the student who relishes taking tests or teacher who enjoys giving them, peculiarly when testing takes away valuable class time that could be put to better uses, such as instruction, discussion, and creative activities. In addition, many middle and high school teachers have serious doubts about the merits of standardised testing and strongly object to the practice of “teaching to the test”–concerns that are widely shared among parents, school administrators, and politicians. How about your siblings and parents. Specific questions you can ask students via email or in videoconferences might be. Strategic Modification Portal. Socialisation freedom of spoken communication. Thirdly it is suggested that leads use watching instruments to evaluate and consider the impact of the support and targeted interventions, to translate not only if they work or not, but for whom and in what fortune they work. Lastly, you can use appraisal to believe how the changes to mental health and upbeat you are modify are impacting on your whole school. Campus Resources for Teaching and Learning. Award Winning GSI Teaching Ideas. Open ended learning environments OELEs use the capabilities of engineering science to provide students with opportunities to engage in genuine problem solving; generate, test, and revise hypotheses; explore and cook concepts; and reflect on what they know. By design, such environments require sophisticated levels of psychological feature up. Journal of Data-based Scientific discipline. The exam a day function improves public presentation in scientific discipline classes. Support for staff is in stock throughemployee, safety and prosperity services. Call the Employee Activity Program EAP on.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
To do this well it is requisite to find ways of in effect observance interventions that suit both your school or college, your pupils and your needs. Identification of mental health needs. Intensive Outpatient Discourse. San Diego – Mount Helix Act. Journal of Data-based Scientific discipline. The exam a day function improves public presentation in scientific discipline classes. As Roediger, McDaniel, and McDermott have remarked, rare is the student who relishes taking tests or teacher who enjoys giving them, peculiarly when testing takes away valuable class time that could be put to better uses, such as instruction, discussion, and creative activities. In addition, many middle and high school teachers have serious doubts about the merits of standardised testing and strongly object to the practice of “teaching to the test”–concerns that are widely shared among parents, school administrators, and politicians. This divide recommended that increased reality mightfor teachers of all subjects. However, it can provide an important, hands on take part that helps Rechargeable Mouse Models to increase the level of battle students feel with their materials. She even learned about sexual utilization and human trafficking, and how to protect herself. Komal also participated in a radio performance structured by UNESCO where she interacted with local leaders and stakeholders from her district. Empowering immature girls and young women through Department of Education. Empowering juvenile girls and young women through educationunfpa joint announcement empowering teenager.
The effect of overlearning on long term memory. Rising faculty without increasing study time. Similarly, teachers can use student data to ensure that they areteaching at the right level and to make their statement based on independent learning patterns and needs. Harnessing private capital and tying funding to results to build back better. Besides providing models that students can interact with, the app also includes descriptions of disparate types of disease and injuries and even questions that students can use to test their psychological feature. This is yet another app that’s terrific at the high school level and is obviously dead suited for health classes. Intensive Outpatient Discourse. San Diego – Mount Helix Act. Pricing varies by productiOS only app that allows students to interact with stories like “Little Red the Inventor. This tool from CleverBooks is browser based; it lets students learn about plants and animals and explore the world.
Tools for Classrooms with In Person and Remote Students. Best Tools for Virtual and Distance Learning. Where necessary, refer them to your school upbeat arranger or team for extra support. Value each student will have another experiences and reactions. Maybe you need to provide data to get a referral to a mental health support team or some local provision, or CAMHS. To provide you with enough collection to accurately make that referral to the right service to support personal needs. Lifelong learning is key to overcoming global challenges and to achieving the Sustainable Ontogenesis Goals. UNESCO Multinational Institute for Informative Planning IIEP. For example, if a type of distribution triggers a compulsion, a student may deputize it with a diverse duty assignment. They may also receive authorisation to access a private testing center to complete exams.
The ability to make models in augmented reality can bring lessons to life in classes that range from health to profession. Teachers can also create lessons in D, making Augment Learning one of the most innovative and helpful apps for educators. The reports were mature at another times during the pandemic and are reciprocal. The first one followsa qualitative research approach to document the opinions of Education Department experts regarding the potency of remote and remedial learning programs implemented across countries. If we do not take action to finance cognitive content and target funds to address the barriers faced by teenager girls, over million girls will not secure unessential level skills by. The power and potential of girls and women are at stake. When properly integrated, it can increase liveliness for the materials among students and increase their human action. Increased reality often presents a new way of learning for students that’s easy for them to become enthusiastic about.
As increases, AR advances will continue to change how people flirt with themselves. Accordant to a Deloitte study, millennials and Stage Zers those around to years old plan to use G to stream more video, play more online games with social features, and immerse themselves in more AR digital worlds. Computer mediated human action CMC is more and more used not only in second/foreign language teaching but also in language teacher learning. This study investigated distance students’ participation in an online language group firm for an applied lingual course entitled Computer Assisted Language Learning CALL. Send even when there aren’t any new results. Create a file for external citation governance software. UNESCO and Laxmi Prasad Ngakhus. Maternity at a young age has huge costs on girls’ fruitful and science health. Policy makers may not interpret the implications of the act or may not focus on the analysis due to time constraints. Data collection, analysis, availability, and use may be adversely affected by funding constraints.
A Beginner’s Guide to Augmented Reality in the Room. Posted on // by Sarah Boudreau. I want her to study and get a good job after she finishes school. Adama had the chance to return to school through the joint efforts of UNESCO, UNFPA and UN Women to re change state internally displaced children into the formal school system in Bamako. Creating lessons that use augmented reality to enhance, rather than replace, more traditionalistic education approaches seems to be the best approach to using the engineering. This can be done by using the many apps that make increased reality such a flexible and powerful tool for use in the schoolroom. | <urn:uuid:0827f02d-70dd-4c14-b08e-416147498997> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://grupocomum.org/uncategorized/top-10-youtube-clips-about-schooling-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.932881 | 1,715 | 2.328125 | 2 |
An audit sponsored by Mozilla led to the discovery of a critical flaw (CVE-2019-9535) within iTerm2, a well known open-source terminal emulator app that serves the same purpose as the native terminal macOS app but for those that use the command line. In a description from Mozilla, it sounds like the flaw could be exploited in many unknown ways. “An attacker who can produce output to the terminal can, in many cases, execute commands on the user’s computer,” stated Tom Ritter from Mozilla. The bug has been in the tmux integration feature of iTerm2 for around seven years. Mozilla wanted to support the audit of iTerm2 because it is very popular with developers and admins and they used the Mozilla Open-Source Support Program (MOSS), and the audit itself was performed by Radically Open Security. Although user interaction is necessary for it to be exploited, the flaw could be extremely dangerous because it can be exploited by commands. “This is a serious security issue because in some circumstances it could allow an attacker to execute commands on your machine when you view a file or otherwise receive input, they have crafted in iTerm2,” mention the developers from iTerm2. A patch was released yesterday, October 9th, in version 3.3.6 of iTerm2.
When evaluating a Managed Detection & Response (MDR) service there are 5 critical components that | <urn:uuid:6c47c3f8-55bb-4221-9e0c-dc65fcd0f24c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.binarydefense.com/threat_watch/iterm2-macos-app-found-to-have-seven-year-old-flaw/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.960454 | 293 | 1.945313 | 2 |
KANSAS TRAFFIC LAWS TO SURVIVE POLICE
Could it be passable by regulation to drive in the left way in Kansas?
On expressways with three ways of traffic — like the Kansas Turnpike among Lawrence and Topeka — the law expects that drivers drive supported or focus ways and use simply the gave way to pass.
How long might a vehicle anytime at some point sit on the turnpike Kansas?
Right when a singular leaves a motor vehicle on a public turnpike or other property open to use by everybody, the public association having ward of such thoroughfare or other property open to use by broad society, following 48 hours or when the motor vehicle dials back open highway errands, may dispense with and hold onto the motor ...
Is it legal to change to one more path in an intersection point in Kansas?
Disciplines for Unsafe Lane Changes in Kansas
Individuals can face different fines for making a risky way change. Opposing a traffic sign or way control signal conveys a fine of $75. Similarly, driving on the left 50% of the road or rash passing conveys a fine of $75.
What is a moving encroachment in Kansas?
KANSAS SPEEDING TICKETS and MOVING VIOLATIONS
In case a vehicle is moving when the offense occurs, it is viewed as a moving encroachment. This consolidates speeding, running a stop sign or red light, incredibly driving, put driving (DUI/DWI), hustling, and sidestepping an authority. A large portion of moving encroachment are wrongdoings.
Is there right on red in Kansas?
Kansas guideline grants drivers to make a right turn following stopping at a red light, while there's no sign showing the turn is denied. Regardless, drivers ought to use alert and notice choice to continue rules while making a right on red.
Is brake really investigating unlawful in Kansas?
Brake checking is unlawful, truth be told. It is the intentional exhibition of convincing drivers behind you to either dial back out of the blue or steer to avoid an accident. It is reliably dangerous, and drivers who feel they are overall firmly followed should pick rather to move of the intently following driver behind them.
Could it overstep any laws to drive without a front watch in Kansas?
Kansas: No gatekeeper necessities. Kentucky: No gatekeeper necessities. Louisiana: Must have front and back watches. Maine: Must stay aware of creation line plan.
Do you have to look like park in a driving test in Kansas?
In the region of Kansas you are supposed to look like park for the inspirations driving your driver's test. | <urn:uuid:cfadc04a-561f-479a-98dd-5211ce9ca7cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wethepeopleuniversity.com/copy-of-iowa-traffic-laws-to-survive | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.917191 | 559 | 1.90625 | 2 |
– EPA Whistleblower On Gulf Health Risk Cover-Up: ‘People Who Work Near Corexit Are Hemorrhaging Internally.’
The combination of millions of gallons of oil and dispersants has made large areas of the Gulf toxic and dangerous, marine toxicologist Ricki Ott saying if she lived there with children she’d leave – based on her firsthand experience after the 1989 Prince William Sound, Alaska Exxon Valdez disaster and subsequent research, documented in her books titled, “Sound Truth and Corporate Myth$: The Legacy of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill” and “Not One Drop – Betrayal and Courage in the Wake of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill.”
Ongoing today, the legacy includes criminal negligence, bankruptcies, destroyed lives and livelihoods, domestic violence, severe anxiety, trauma, PTSD, drug and alcohol abuse, serious illnesses, suicides, massive loss of plant and wildlife, and vast ecological destruction from the 30 million or more gallons spilled, the State of Alaska’s conservative estimate, not Exxon’s 11 million figure, its lowball claim to hide the disaster’s magnitude and minimize its liability.
The Gulf catastrophe is infinitely greater, estimates up to three or more Exxon Valdez incidents (using Exxon’s figure) a week until capped. Yet some experts think another seabed hole (a few miles from the Macondo well) is emitting 100,000 or more barrels daily, greatly compounding the growing disaster, added to more by numerous small leaks, five or more alone in BP’s Macondo well – the “well from hell,” according to some.
Geologist Chris Landau is one, telling Petroleum World that “BP has drilled into a deep-core oil volcano that cannot be stopped, regardless of the horizontal drills the company claims will stop the oil plume in August.”
Ocean Energy Institute Founder Matthew Simmons is another, telling Bloomberg we’ve killed the Gulf of Mexico – its $2.2 trillion economy by depleting oxygen, decimating aquatic life and poisoning the food chain. We’ve also created a public health crisis, problems showing up first in cleanup workers experiencing dizziness, fainting, nausea, nosebleeds, vomiting, coughing, headaches, stomach upset, and difficulty breathing, compounded by heat, fatigue, hydrocarbon smell, and combined toxicity of oil and dispersants.
Besides other toxins, crude oil contains benzene, in even small amounts associated with leukemia, Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, other serious blood and immune system diseases, ventricular fibrillation, congestive gastritis, toxic gastritis, pyloric stenosis, myalgia, kidney damage, skin irritation and burns, swelling and edema, vascular congestion in the brain, and lethal central nervous system depression among others, depending on length and degree of exposure.
The EPA’s safe level is 4 parts per billion (ppb), yet Gulf levels reach or top 3,000, smelled hundreds of miles away, meaning residents inhaling fumes are ingesting dangerous toxins, raising their risk for serious future health problems, some potentially lethal.
Long-term exposure to benzene, ethylbenzene, xylene, toluene and other solvents may cause infertility, low-birth weight babies, miscarriages, decreased cognitive function, psychomotor coordination problems, weakened immunity, and increased risk of depression, insomnia, certain cancers, and other diseases.
In their book Generations at Risk, Ted Schettler, Gina Solomon, Maria Valenti and Annette Huddle reviewed the physical properties of solvents, enabling humans to ingest them saying:
“They evaporate in air at room temperature and are therefore easily inhaled; they penetrate the skin easily; and they cross the placenta, sometimes accumulating at higher doses in the fetus. In addition, many solvents (like benzene) enter breast fat and are found in breast milk, sometimes at higher concentrations than in maternal blood.”
“Solvents contaminating drinking water enter the body through skin absorption and inhalation in the shower, as well as through drinking water. In fact, the total exposure from taking a ten minute shower in contaminated water is greater than….drinking two quarts of the same water. Solvents are generally short-lived in the human body, lingering for no more than several days.” When longer-term, however, much greater harm results.
Exposure can cause “a range of ill effects, including damage to the skin, liver, central nervous system, lungs, and kidneys. Certain solvents can inhibit blood cell production.” Many are carcinogenic. Glycol ethers can cause birth defects, testicular damage, infertility, and failed pregnancies. Exposed men experience low sperm counts, women reproductive problems, everyone potential serious future health problems.
After the 2002 Galicia, Spain Prestige oil spill and 2007 South Korean Hebei Spirit one, fishermen and cleanup workers suffered from respiratory and central nervous system problems, even genetic damage. After the Exxon Valdez disaster, BP’s then medical director, Dr. Robert Rigg warned:
“It is a known fact that neurological changes (brain damage), skin disorders, (including cancer), liver and kidney damage, cancer of the other organs, and medical complications – secondary to exposure to working unprotected (or inadequately protected) – can and will occur (in) workers exposed to crude oil and other petrochemical by-products.” Short-term symptoms and complaints may be early warnings of serious long-term harm.
Public health specialists Ellen-Marie Whelan and Lesley Russell from the Center for American Progress said:
“We know that Exxon Valdez cleanup workers faced average oil mist exposure that was twelve times higher than government-approved limits, and those who washed the beaches with hot water experienced a maximum exposure 400 times higher than these limits. Many of those workers suffered subsequent health problems, and in 1989, 1,811 workers filed compensation claims, primarily for respiratory system damage, according to the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health.” Today, we face “what some are calling the worst-ever ecological disaster without an appropriate public health response in place.”
Whelan and Russell also cited the dangers of “controlled burns,” saying “When we aerosolize those oil droplets, they can be breathed in, which can be very damaging to the lungs, and can” irritate the eyes, throat, and cause nausea and vomiting. Early May EPA air tests in the greater Venice, LA area showed toxin levels far exceeding safe standards onshore – 100 – 1,000-fold for volatile organic carbons (VOC), including hydrogen sulfide, and other emitted chemicals.
According to Ott and other experts, if air, land and water toxicity exceeds safe levels, Washington is obligated to evacuate residents, as it would ahead of a dangerous hurricane. “The current situation is a disaster in the making,” so far covered up and unaddressed.
Chemical Dispersants – Compounding the Disaster
According to the EPA:
“Dispersants have not been used extensively in the United States because of possible long term environment effects, difficulties with timely and effective application, disagreement among scientists and research date about their environmental effects, effectiveness, and toxicity concerns.”
Extensive use of them (two million or more gallons so far) is a giant uncontrolled human/wildlife/ecological experiment, especially combined with oil.
Oil is toxic at 11 parts per million (ppm) while Corexit 9500 at only 2.61 ppm, and Corexit 9527 even less, the EPA calling it an acute health hazard. Its main ingredient, 2-butoxyethanol, is a dangerous neurotoxin pesticide known to cause cancer, reproductive problems, birth defects, genetic mutations, blood disorders, and damage to kidneys, liver and central nervous system.
It’s not known if Corexit 9500 contains 2-butoxyethanol. Science Corps.org lists it among its toxic ingredients. For competitive reasons, Nalco, its producer, keeps its formula secret, but what’s disclosed is extremely toxic, including dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS), causing severe eye and skin irritation as well as diarrhea, intestinal bloating, cramps and nausea when ingested, including by inhaling fumes. It’s also cytotoxic, especially to liver cells.
Corexit also contain arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, cyanide, and other heavy metals. Dispersing oil with it increases toxicity 11-fold, suggesting a calamitous looming public health disaster, potentially affecting hundreds of thousands of area residents and in other states if toxins spread by rains. More on that below.
Read moreThe Growing Health Crisis in the Gulf of Mexico | <urn:uuid:ee9f0c52-a010-4f4f-9506-d151900e12f8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://infiniteunknown.net/2010/07/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.924241 | 1,860 | 2.109375 | 2 |
MSM (methylsulfonylmethane) is a naturally-occurring substance found in the human body and many foods. The highest concentration of MSM in nature is in mammal’s milk, but these food sources contain MSM only in parts per million. Therefore, you cannot extract, isolate or grow the compound from a “natural” source.
Contrary to some misconceptions, commercially available MSM does not come from wood, plants or fossil fuels. You can’t simply squeeze MSM from a tree, extract it from plants or remove it from fossil fuels. Rather, a chemical reaction is required to make MSM. All commercially available MSM is manufactured by reacting dimethyl sulfoxide with hydrogen peroxide. The raw materials used to synthesize MSM have many sources, but the source of the raw materials has no relationship to the end product of MSM.
There is no commercially viable way to “extract” MSM in quantity from any organic or plant source. Methyl groups at one time originated from plant sources, such as the lignin-based processed pulp of Southern Pine or other wood chips, (a process discontinued circa 2010) but the sulfur never did. Today the methyl groups come from methanol. Methanol acquired the name “wood alcohol.” because it was once produced chiefly as a byproduct of the destructive distillation of wood. Today, industrial methanol is produced in a catalytic process directly from carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. All of the sulfur produced in North America is the result of environmental measures implemented to reduce emissions.
Although MSM is a naturally-occurring sulfur compound, the microscopic amounts occurring naturally in food are too small to permit "extraction" sufficient for commercial production of dietary ingredients or dietary supplements. The most "natural" MSM would be the purest or biomimetic or that which mimics the formation, function, and structure of the biologic substance. The purity of MSM is achieved by distillation or crystallization. The accepted view is that distillation is the superior purification method. Bergstrom Nutrition® based in the U.S. is the sole manufacturer using a multi-stage distillation process for MSM purification.
All commercially available MSM is synthetic and created through a chemical reaction of DMSO and hydrogen peroxide. Since all commercial MSM produced comes from DMSO, and all commercial DMSO is produced synthetically, the origin of the DMSO is not relevant. DMSO is produced using several starting materials: methanol and hydrogen sulfide, or methanol and carbon disulfide. Whichever starting materials used; chemical reactions are required to produce DMSO.
In summary, there is a misconception that one supply of MSM is more “natural” than another. All MSM produced for commercial use utilizes the same base raw materials—but there is a difference, and that boils down to the quality of the raw materials, the purification process, testing levels, specifications and quality of the manufacturing.
Commercial MSM is produced from a chemical reaction between dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In the reaction, the hydrogen peroxide provides an available atom of oxygen to the DMSO, forming MSM, which is also called DMSO2, and water (DMSO + H2O2 = DMSO2 + H2O).
After the reaction is complete, the MSM must be separated from the water and other reaction by-products. Separation is commonly done utilizing one of two differing processes; either crystallization or distillation. Chemical engineers recognize distillation as the superior separation method for MSM purification and if properly performed will consistently yield a product of > 99.9% purity1.
Crystallization separates the MSM from the water (parent solvent) by decreasing the solubility of the MSM by cooling the solution. During crystal formation occlusions, small pockets or imperfections, from within the crystal that can entrap impurities present within the reaction mixture2,3,4. These impurities can come from additional water added during the reaction phase, side reactions, the reactants themselves, or the catalyst which usually contains a strong mineral acid. It is pertinent to remember that one of the primary reactants is DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide). DMSO is a very strong industrial solvent, one of the few that can dissolve most epoxies. A technical bulletin from a major DMSO manufacturer states “DMSO, one of the strongest organic solvents, has been used commercially for over forty years. It is an effective solvent for a wide array of organic materials, including many polymers. “ DMSO also dissolves many inorganic salts, particularly transition metal nitrates, cyanides, and dichromates” 5.
Distillation uses boiling point differentials to separate the MSM from the water and other impurities. Distillation is usually performed using either multiple distillation columns or multiple distillation steps within a single column. Ultimately the purified MSM is vaporized and distilled overhead resulting in an extremely pure final product. Distillation is energy intensive and a more expensive separation technique, but it ensures a product that is virtually contamination-free regardless of the level of impurities in the reaction mixture 6.
These two separation processes will both yield MSM that is equally bio-available. Many people take relatively high dosages, some reportedly as high as 6-15 grams per day. The highest level of purity is essential to ensure the end user can achieve desired therapeutic results without having to worry about potential health issues from trace impurities.REFERENCES:
1 Jacob SW, Appleton J. MSM: The Definitive Guide. California: Freedom Press, 2003 188-189
2 King CJ. Separation Processes, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hil Book Company, 1980, 732-3
3 Bennett RC, Corder WC, Finn RK, et al. Miscellaneous separation processes. In: Perry RH, Chilton CH, eds. Chemical Engineer’s Handbook, 5th ed. New York: Mcgraw-Hill Book Company1973, 17-1 to 17-58
4 Van Hook A. Crystallization: Theory and Practice. New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1963 192-237.
5 [No authors listed] DMSO: Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) Solubility Data technical bulleting #102B. Gaylord Chemical Corporation, Slidell, Louisiana
6 Jacob SW, Appleton J. MSM: The Definitive Guide. California: Freedom Press, 2003 190
MSM is sometimes referred to as “Organic Sulfur” because it is a carbon-containing molecule. Carbon-containing molecules are organic substances by definition. However, this is not to be confused with food items, botanical or herbal supplements marketed as Certified Organic (a very rigorous process), Organic, 100% Organic or Made with Organic Ingredients.
In these cases, Organic is a labeling claim (regulated by the USDA) that indicates a food or agricultural product is produced through approved methods without certain chemicals, fertilizers etc.and then certified. Because of its synthetic origin, MSM is not and cannot be produced in a manner to certified as Organic by the USDA.
Biomimetic refers to human-made processes, substances, devices or systems that imitate nature. Or another way to say it is that the term refers to a compound that mimics a biological material in structure or function.
MSM’s mechanism of action is not fully understood. In a very general sense, MSM reduces inflammatory markers and oxidative stress. It does this through various biochemical processes and pathways, but most of these are either oxidative or inflammatory in nature. What is known is that MSM can modulate upstream inflammatory signals (NF-κβ, Nrf2, NLRP3), reduce downstream inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α), and support the process that maintains proper levels of glutathione.
MSM has been shown to inhibit the development of abnormal antibodies to collagen and to prevent the production of rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies (ANA).
Though the pain-relieving properties of MSM are well known, mechanisms by which it accomplishes this are still under investigation. MSM most likely inhibits inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes, hormone-like substances that create inflammatory cascades in the body associated with pain production.
MSM's effects on connective tissue are also well known. It is presumed, though not proven, that the beneficial clinical effects noted in humans on skin, hair, nails, and joint cartilage (as well as on hooves and coats in animals) have to do with MSM's sulfur content. Sulfur is abundant in connective tissue, and sulfur depletion in connective tissue is known to lead to problems. Because MSM is 34% sulfur, it is likely that the integrity of connective tissue is enhanced with MSM supplementation. MSM's benefits are those of a dietary supplement. It is not intended as and should not be used to mitigate or treat any diseases or abnormal conditions unless under the supervision of a medical doctor.
Human studies have shown that MSM enters the blood very quickly and will start working within 30-45 minutes. Most people will begin to notice the effects of MSM within two weeks of supplementation, but individual results may vary and are dependent on dose (serving size) and formulation. The benefits of MSM also may depend on the other dietary ingredients used in the supplement especially for joint support and synergistic effect.
Recommended doses or serving sizes are usually 1- 6 grams per day.
In terms of Chemistry 101, Glucosamine and Chondroitin are much larger, more complex molecules. MSM is a small, simple molecule that is essentially carbon-based organic sulfur.
Glucosamine and chondroitin are components, or building blocks, of normal cartilage. Glucosamine is a substance found naturally in the fluid that surrounds your joints; Chondroitin is found in the cartilage around your joints. Both substances play a role in keeping your joints cushioned and lubricated. MSM is a sulfur compound and may offer anti-inflammatory benefits.
The synergistic action of MSM with glucosamine and chondroitin has been demonstrated in human clinical trials. MSM may help mitigate inflammation and enhance cell permeability allowing the body to make better use of these important joint supporting compounds. (We note at this point that under current FDA regulations and policy, the claim of “anti-inflammatory” is considered to be a drug claim, rather than a supplement claim. But these FAQs are intended to convey the science and mechanism of MSM in the body, and not the legality of claims for a finished product.)
For MSM the smaller the particle, the greater the tendency to clump and therefore, negatively impact flowability.
Dependent on the liquid and the amount of MSM you are trying to dissolve, MSM will dissolve in water to a concentration of about 15-17% by weight at room temperature.
Silicon dioxide as an inactive ingredient added to help prevent clumping.
Silicon dioxide is “generally recognized as safe” or GRAS by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The European Food Safety Authority has also found silicon dioxide to be safe for food supplement purposes.
There have been some misconceptions about silicon dioxide suggesting that it blocks the absorption of nutrients. Silicon dioxide is not absorbed in the intestinal tract. When consumed, silicon dioxide is non-toxic and is effective in maintaining supplement quality. A preliminary study found that MSM containing 0.5% added silicon dioxide had a bioavailability of 100 percent. This study thus demonstrated that absorption is not inhibited by including silicon dioxide.
Oxidative stress is an imbalance caused when oxidative damage becomes too great for the body to remove or repair effectively. Oxidative damage occurs when free radicals, usually reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (RONS), come into contact with parts of the cell like proteins, lipids, or DNA. The damaged cell parts are then unable to function normally. Oxidative stress can be caused by excessive exercise, poor diet, toxins, UV light, and many other factors. It is a normal process used for cell signaling, normal cell death, and for killing infectious pathogens. However, when levels become too high, it causes lasting damage to cells and tissues. The body has innate processes for neutralizing oxidation, but it can still be problematic if too much is created or the body isn’t properly supported to address oxidative levels effectively. Inflammation is a response to some provocation that causes increased blood flow, increased capillary permeability, and most importantly white blood cell (or leukocytes) response. Characteristics of inflammation are redness, heat, swelling, and pain. Inflammation is how the body responds to infections, foreign substances, or tissue damage. It is a natural process that helps protect the body. However, when inflammation becomes too extreme in one area it can cause localized damage, or when subtle, chronic inflammation is not addressed it can create harmful pathologies.
Inflammation and oxidative stress are closely related and are in many ways two sides of the same coin. They are inextricably linked because each can be induced by the other. Inflammatory cells release a number of RONS at the site of inflammation, as a way of killing pathogens or signaling for further inflammation. Conversely, RONS induce intracellular signaling cascades that induce inflammatory responses. The complicated feedback loop between oxidation and inflammation needs balance to be effective without creating harm.
Yes. There have been no verifiable cases of an allergic reaction to MSM including through pathways similar to sulfa-drugs. Although both contain sulfur, that is where their similarities end. Sulfa-drugs contain a chemical group called sulfonamide, which generally is the cause of allergic reactions as they metabolize, and specific side chains are released. The allergy-causing compounds bear no resemblance structurally or functionally to MSM.
Indeed, strictly speaking, the concept of a “sulfur allergy” is a misconception: sulfur is an element, the third most abundant mineral in the human body. It's not possible to be allergic to sulfur because it has no protein component. When people say they are "allergic to sulfur", what they really mean is that they are allergic or sensitive to certain sulfur-containing substances, most notably to sulfa antibiotics (sulfonamides) or to sulfites (preservatives used in wines and some foods), or to foods with a high sulfur content (broccoli or cauliflower).
Many individuals with allergies to sulfa drugs or sulfites do not experience problems taking MSM, because apart from sulfur, MSM bears no relation to these substances. However, people who are allergic to one drug are more likely to be allergic to other substances, regardless of its chemical structure. So, if you have a known allergy to sulfonamides or sulfites, consult with your physician before taking MSM.
Whenever you receive a prescription medication, always consult your physician about any supplements you are taking. However, there are no known interactions between MSM and sulfa drugs, and each works through different mechanisms within the body.
OptiMSM® is the purest and only GRAS-designated and distilled MSM (methylsulfonylmethane). Bergstrom Nutrition® uses a proprietary multi-stage distillation process, and every batch is third-party tested, ensuring optimal purity, quality, and consistency. In contrast to OptiMSM, other commercially-available MSM uses crystallization to isolate the MSM molecule. As this crystallized material cools, occlusions can develop that trap contaminant within the MSM and lead to material that may contain heavy metals, residual water, and other impurities.
OptiMSM is made exclusively in the USA and manufactured in a single purpose cGMP-compliant, ISO-registered facility to help provide essential traceability.
Kosher and Halal certified, non-GMO, gluten-free, allergen-free, non-shellfish-derived, and vegan, our OptiMSM backed by extensive toxicology data.
The Bergstrom Nutrition technical team alone has over 100 years of combined experience in the manufacturing uses and application of MSM.
MSM is available in many products as well as a variety of forms (powder, tablets, capsules, liquids).
MSM is available in Health, and Nutrition specialty retailers, Major Supermarkets, Drugstores Pet, and Feed stores. MSM is available Online (suggested search terms: MSM supplement, MSM benefits, MSM Sulfur, OptiMSM®, methylsulfonylmethane ).
Many Multi-Level Marketing companies also include MSM in their product offerings. | <urn:uuid:a49a392e-8717-4018-8811-7c82ec86f151> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://msmguide.com/faq/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.933472 | 3,481 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Prevalence of autoantibodies against some selected growth and appetite-regulating neuropeptides in serum of short children exposed to Candida albicans colonization and/or Helicobacter pylori infection: the molecular mimicry phenomenon.
OBJECTIVES: Many of peptides synthesized in gastrointestinal tract (GI) and adipose tissues, regulate growth and food intake. The GI microflora is an antigenic source. Based on the molecular mimicry hypothesis, intestinal microbe-derived antigens may trigger the production of autoantibodies cross-reacting with some neuropeptides.
DESIGN: The aim of the study was to assess whether in idiopathic short stature (ISS) children with Candida albicans (C.albicans) colonisation and/or Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection the autoantibodies (in positive levels) against selected neuropeptides [anti-NP Abs(+)]: ghrelin, leptin, orexin A, αMSH are more prevalent than in Controls.
SETTING: The study group comprised 64 children with ISS and 36 children with normal height (Controls). In each child, IgG antibodies against H.pylori, ghrelin, leptin, orexin A and αMSH were assessed in serum, while presence of C.albicans - in stool samples.
RESULTS: The higher prevalence of anti-NP Abs(+) in ISS children with C.albicans and/or H.pylori than in normal height children with the colonization in question (34.4% vs 21.1%, p<0.01) was found. The prevalence of anti-NP Abs(+) in groups of children without C.albicans and H.pylori were low, anti-NP Abs(+) were detected in 9.4% of ISS children only, while in Controls they were not found.
CONCLUSIONS: In short children with C.albicans and/or H.pylori the incidence of autoantibodies against selected neuropeptides is high. It probably is connected with molecular mimicry between antigens of these microbiota and the mentioned peptides. It is tempting to speculate that presence of cross-reacting autoantibodies against regulatory neuropeptides may results in worse growth velocity. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate this issue.... | <urn:uuid:e7f311f4-d249-4011-8a67-a2dd0efcd51b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nel.edu/journal/search/?keywords=Stat&vp-page=3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.908428 | 507 | 1.875 | 2 |
As America’s first self-help guru, Dale Carnegie, put it, “Winning friends starts with friendliness.” Given the extent of the damage that the CIA’s myopic spying has done to US-German relations, it is safe to say that the US hasn’t been friendly to its most important European ally of late. Instead, the lunacy of its spying on the Merkel government has turned Carnegie’s words on their head. Rather than making friends and influencing people, America’s horrendously thoughtless policy, for almost no real gain, has managed to fundamentally alienate Berlin and significantly decrease America’s sway there.
For all of Europe’s continued shortcomings : its strategic unseriousness, its free riding off of American defense spending, its often juvenile anti-Americanism, presently it is Washington - in the most stupid manner imaginable - that is endangering the most important alliance in the history of the world. Two further spying scandals have erupted in Berlin this past month, further tarnishing the already corroded relations between America and Germany. The first (and seemingly more serious) involves the arrest of a member of the German BND, the country’s intelligence agency, who is alleged to have served as an American spy for the CIA.
The alleged agent seems to have passed on secret papers concerning the German parliament’s investigation of the NSA’s (America’s National Security Agency) mass surveillance of millions of German citizens and the tapping of the Chancellor’s phone, shocking October 2013 revelations made by whistleblower Edward Snowden. In essence, America is spying on Germany’s parliament even as it looks into American spying on Germany.
Like North Korea
This is hardly what allies ought to be doing to one another. Following yet another espionage scandal emanating from the German MoD this past month, Mrs. Merkel seems to have rightly had enough. In turn - in an act usually reserved for dealing with rogue states such as North Korea - Merkel asked the American CIA station chief in Berlin to leave the country. As Thomas Oppermann, Head of the SPD Parliamentary Group, put it, trust in America’s alliance with Germany could “collapse completely.” Respected German President Joachim Gauck went even further, describing the bungled spying as amounting to “a gamble with friendship.”
It must be said : How could the Obama administration have been so careless ? Have they so taken their eye off the European ball as to miss the incredibly obvious point that there would be blowback from all this, and that anything gleaned from the spying is not remotely worth the political damage being done ? An increasingly neutralist Germany now has a further reason to continue drifting away from America. A July 2014 Infratest Dimap poll indicates a mere 27% of those surveyed regard the US as trustworthy ; even more startlingly a majority now view America as an aggressive power. The Cold War goodwill built up over a half century in Germany towards America has seemingly been criminally squandered in a few short years by the unengaged Obama team.
And what possible treasure trove of information merited placing the whole of the German-American relationship in jeopardy ? Amazingly, it is estimated that Germany already shares 80-90% of its raw intelligence with the US, meaning almost all German spying secrets are alreadysimply handed over to Langley. What in the world is to be gained by access to the miniscule amount not simply handed over ? Why endanger continuing to receive the 90%, merely to have a look at the precious little not already being voluntarily given to US intelligence ?
Simply asking what is going on
Better yet, why not just ask the Germans in some open-source venue what they are up to ? As Germany is a democratic society, with an almost endless number of newspapers, think tanks, and government outlets explaining in great detail German government positions, why did the CIA feel the need to spy on the Merkel government, when in most cases it could (as I do) simply ask them what is going on ?
As the President sensibly said in the summer of 2013, when deciding to stop listening in on the Chancellor’s phone conversations following the Snowden revelations, "If I want to know what Chancellor Merkel is thinking, I will call Chancellor Merkel.” Failing this, reading Spiegel ought to have done the trick. Instead, as Interior Minister Thomas de Maiziere put it, “the information reaped by this suspected espionage is laughable. However, the political damage is already disproportionate and serious.”
Worse still, Chancellor Merkel has glumly conceded she is doubtful whether the US will cease spying on Germany even after all the present dreadful publicity and direct German requests to do so. Undeterred, recently she has called for “sensible talks” with the US, focusing on a formal accord that enshrines a “no-spying” clause, meaning America would pledge not to snoop on its long-time strategic ally (and vice versa).
To fail to follow this sensible path is to court irreconcilable political and strategic danger. Anyone who knows anything about Germany and its history must be aware of the obvious cultural reasons for German neuralgia about secret spying, having survived both the Stasi and the Gestapo in turn. This is not a peripheral issue, either for German elites or for its mass public. American tone deafness over espionage is nothing less than a cancer that could effectively end the vital alliance as we know it between these two great Western powers.
Beyond the obvious moral issues, the American intelligence community and its political masters have been criminally stupid in not gauging how counter-productive all this is, how little stands to be gained, weighed against calling the German-American relationship into question itself. A Germany more and more economically intertwined with Russia and China (increasingly part of its common supply chain), a country already drifting away from America over myriad issues, may be pushed out the door in its fury over American high-handed snooping.
It is well past time that people who actually know about German and European culture again reassert their influence on the President, that we heed Germany’s sensible demands for friends not to spy on one another, and that we salvage our relationship with the most important country in Europe. As Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble so rightly put it, “One can only cry at the sight of so much stupidity.” It’s time to change course and to rediscover the realist merits of genuine allied friendship. | <urn:uuid:bc10806c-f64f-40dd-8294-499e23076756> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.boulevard-exterieur.com/American-spying-how-to-make-enemies-and-lose-influence.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.962362 | 1,358 | 1.757813 | 2 |
15th December 2017 | NewsSiri Could Soon Be Whispering to YouA new patent that has come to light in the past day or two has shown how Apple is actively putting resources on pushing new limits with Siri and its core capabilities. In fact, Apple originally filed for the patent almost two years ago in 2016, but it has only just been made public now. So, whispering… we’ve all been there, sat in the office and asked Siri for some help on something – discreetly – and had a louder response than you would have liked. But what if new updates saw Siri able to whisper back its response? Basically, the newly-sourced patent covers how Siri could detect when you’re whispering and then replies back in a whisper too. Apple writes in the patent that it manages “a digital assistant that is capable of detecting a whispered speech input and providing a whispered speech response.” Apple adds that there are a few use cases for a whispering Siri. For example, Apple writes that it could be used in a library where “speaking loudly may be prohibited.” Furthermore, Apple says having Siri whisper would help users respect their co-workers while “working at a cubicle.” As you would anticipate with such a feature, Apple does also touch on the fact that the privacy concerns and how the whispering option could be helpful. If you were able to whisper to Siri and have her whisper back, it would, in theory, mean that more sensitive information could be shared via the voice assistant. There’s no doubt that this potentially-new addition to Apple products would likely be a challenging feature to apply – we’ve all been there when you’re fighting with Siri over what you’re saying and what she hears! Apple has even gone on to mention in the patent that there’s the potential for Siri to recognise the tone of voice you are using and respond in a similar tone. Before we get carried away, for anyone who isn’t aware, patents aren’t always set-in-stone-style blueprints for exactly what’s to come. It is true though that they provide insight into what kind of work Apple is beavering away on, now that the iMac Pro has been released. The team at Apple definitely see Siri as an important part of the brand’s future, with the voice-activated assistant set to play a bigger role for the company as we move forward. This is mainly down to the work that Apple is doing on its smart home platform, which will take another progression with next year’s launch of its HomePod. Apple’s Siri-enabled speaker tech will provide undoubtedly stiff competition for existing tech such as the Amazon Echo and Google Home, powered by Alexa and Google Assistant, respectively. What are your feelings on Apple adding a Siri whispering feature and more human-esque speaking behaviour? Would you buy refurbished Macs that offered this feature? Let us know on Facebook and Twitter! | <urn:uuid:43b07238-fb03-42b0-9c5c-ccf5b40d1202> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://macfinder.co.uk/blog/siri-soon-whispering/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.969065 | 614 | 2.375 | 2 |
Here are a few easy ways that can help fix your windows hard drive issue. In the search engine on the taskbar, type disk maintenance and select frequent disk cleanup from the list of results.Select the drive that most users want to clean up and click OK.In the “Files to remove” section, specify the types of files that should be obvious. To get a description of a file type, select it.Select OK.
How To Completely Erase A Hard Drive In Windows 10
When trying to clean up a hard drive and make data unrecoverable, erasing information is not a safe tactic. Because if you delete a file or folder from the drive, it will only be marked as gone, not completely erased. You can still restore it with recovery tools, effectively overwriting the data.
“How Do I Clean Up My Hard Drive?” I Have A Dell PC With Windows 10 Pro. The Secondary Computer’s Hard Drive Contains Confidential Material. Now I Want To Sell It And Buy Another Bigger One So I Need To Completely And Permanently Erase All My Files On The Frustrating Drive So No One Can Fix Itu And See. I Have Researched Several Different Methods Online But The Device Is A Minefield, Can Anyone Help Me? How To Erase A Hard Drive In Windows 10?
Does A Hard Erase Restore All Drives?
Remember that a clean install on Windows will erase everything on your drive that Windows is installed relative to. When we say everything, we type everything. You must save what you want to keep in order to start this process! You have the option of backing up your files online and/or using an offline backup tool.
How To Wipe A Hard Drive Without Erasing Windows
Assuming you log out of your computer but not t. I don’t want to physically turn it off. You want to end a machine where all of a person’s personal data has been erased, but which is fully functional thanks to Windows. On the other hand, you need to know how to erase a drive without deleting Windows. This can be achieved in several easy ways, including the following.
How To Erase And Erase A Hard Drive Without Wiping Windows
Some users may choose to “Eraseto remove files from the deletion list, or format the file manually. Here I have to say that the software is not the best choice, although there are many third-party resource recovery programs that can restore bandwidth in these situations. To achieve that simply satisfying result when you leave your laptop empty and can’t find anything else, you’ll need two recommended tools: hard drive cleaning product – EaseUS BitWiper; Windows Recovery Utility. Downloading third-party software takes a minute, as long as all Windows programs are available in the settings. As a good example, I will present all the stages of owning your computer.
Windows Nettoyer Le Disque Dur
Windows Ren Harddisk
Windows Wyczysc Dysk Twardy
Windows Pulisce Il Disco Rigido
Windows Schone Harde Schijf
Windows Festplatte Bereinigen
Disco Rigido Limpo Do Windows
Windows Limpia El Disco Duro | <urn:uuid:bd51cbed-3ba0-4202-ba46-892c539644fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://crontrend.com/en/windows-clean-hard-drive/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.863324 | 681 | 1.992188 | 2 |
evaluation of instruction, perception of instruction, Approaches to Teaching Inventory, Students' Evaluation of Educational Quality, faculty qualifications, athletic training education, athletic training faculty
The purpose of this study was to investigate if there are correlations among an instructor's approach to teaching, student evaluation of instruction outcomes, and the amount of formal coursework in education a teacher has completed. Three research questions provided the focus for the study: (1) to determine if there is a correlation between the number of formal educational courses taken by athletic training educational program (ATEP) faculty and their approach to teaching; (2) to determine if there is a correlation between the amount of formal educational courses taken by ATEP faculty and their students' evaluations of instruction; and (3) to determine if there is a relationship between faculty's approach to teaching and students' evaluations of instruction. The population for the study was certified athletic trainers working as full-time faculty in ATEPs in the State of Florida. Data were generated using all eligible faculty from 10 of the 13 universities in Florida that offer Athletic Training Educational Programs. The study included faculty who teach in large and small ATEPs. Faculty from public and private, large and small universities were also represented. The faculty completed questionnaires that included demographic information, the Approaches to Teaching Inventory (ATI-R) and the Students' Evaluation of Educational Quality (SEEQ) questionnaire. Based on the research findings, there is clear evidence that there is a lack of uniformity among ATEP faculty in the area of formal exposure to pedagogy and curriculum. 17.6% (n = 3) of respondents earned a bachelor's degree in physical education and 18.8% (n = 3) of respondents earned a master's degree in education, health education, or physical education. Of the 77.8% (n = 14) of respondents who completed or were in progress with a doctoral degree, 42.9% (n = 6) degrees were related to education. Faculty reported completing a mean of 9.25 courses related to education (SD = 7.39). The number of educational courses taken ranged from 0 to 25 courses. The study demonstrates that there is a correlation of large effect size between the amount of formal educational coursework and the SEEQ subscale value of "Assignments/Readings." In addition, the "Assignments/Readings" and "Learning/Academic Value" subscale scores on the SEEQ were significantly higher when instructors had completed more than 10 educational courses. The study found moderate and large correlations and medium and large effect sizes between the scores of 7 of the 8 remaining SEEQ subscales and the number of education courses taken by faculty. In addition, there was a moderate correlation and medium effect size between the total score of the SEEQ and the number of education courses taken by faculty. Though statistically non-significant, each of these correlations were positive and may demonstrate a need for the study to be replicated using greater statistical power.
If this is your thesis or dissertation, and want to learn how to access it or for more information about readership statistics, contact us at firstname.lastname@example.org
Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)
College of Education
Curriculum and Instruction
Length of Campus-only Access
Doctoral Dissertation (Open Access)
Schellhase, Kristen, "Are Approaches To Teaching And/or Student Evaluation Of Instruction Scores Related To The Amount Of Faculty Formal Eduational Co" (2009). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3889.
Restricted to the UCF community until September 2009; it will then be open access. | <urn:uuid:9dd2d5cb-3d55-44e5-840e-20dd6282aae9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/3889/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.949816 | 860 | 1.695313 | 2 |
String xpath=’//div[@id="’ + dynamicID + ‘"]’
TestObject to= new TestObject(“objectName”)
to.addProperty(“xpath” , ConditionType.EQUALS,xpath)
//div[@id='picombobox-2144-trigger-picker'] 2144 is keep on changing. How to handle this xpath and put it in the code
//div[contains(@id,'picombobox-') and contains(@id,'-trigger-picker')]
Just ignore the moving part.
Should I ignore rest of the code and directly add xpath as like this //div[contains(@id,‘picombobox-’) and contains(@id,’-trigger-picker’)]
Do you know how to use DevTools to check if your xpath is unique?
You have the following code now:
String dynamicID='contains(@id,"picombobox-") and contains(@id,"-trigger-picker")' String xpath='//div[@id=]' + dynamicID + ']' TestObject to = new TestObject("objectName") to.addProperty("xpath", ConditionType.EQUALS, xpath) WebUI.delay(5) WebUI.enhancedClick(to)
Here you have at least 2 problems.
(1) your ‘xpath’ is wrong.
please change you code and try running it:
String dynamicID='contains(@id,"picombobox-") and contains(@id,"-trigger-picker")' String xpath='//div[@id=' + dynamicID + ']' println "xpath is " + xpath
this will give you a message in the Console
xpath is //div[@id=contains(@id,"picombobox-") and contains(@id,"-trigger-picker")
The expression is NOT a valid XPath expression. Can you see it?
(2) You should verify if the element is present before clicking it.
You should write:
WebUI.verifyElementPresent(to, 5) WebUI.enhancedClick(to)
This will give you a Failure when the HTML element pointed by your XPath expression is not present.
enhancedClick(to) may not throw error when the give Test Object (
to) points nothing, I am not sure. You should not expect
enhancedClick() to verify the presence of the target HTML element. You should rather explicitly call
verifyElementPresent() to verify the presence of the target HTML element.
It says element is not present.
So what do you want others to do? You should investigate it for yourself. Perhaps, as @grylion54 mentioned, the DevTools of Chrome browser may help.
When I use dev tools it says element presents but when I run the test case element is not present.
When you use DevTools, you manually operate a Browser. It is slowly enough. The target HTML element would be already displayed in the browser window before you let DevTools to look up the element of your interest.
On the other hand, when your script runs, the script runs far faster. It is likely that an HTML element is absent = is not yet displayed in the browser window.
You should be aware of the difference between these 2 situation — timing issue.
Let me look back your test script.
... WebUI.enhancedClick(findTestObject("Object Repository/Project/Activity")) // (1) ... // (2) WebUI.enhancedClick(to) // (3)
When the (1) statement runs, I suppose, the browser will navigate a new URL; a new HTML page is loaded. It may take several seconds. Loading a new page may take 1 second? 3 seconds? … could be longer.
However, at (2), your code doesn’t explicitly wait for the page to load. In just a few milliseconds after the (1), your code reaches to the statement (3) and try to find an HTML element on the new page, which is most probably not yet loaded. So your script will find “the element is not present”.
I would repeat this: your script should call
veryfyElementPresent(TestObject, timeout) before the 2nd enhancedClick().
Possibly you typed something correct in the dev tools, but you typed something wrong in your test case. Nobody, other than you, can see what you typed. | <urn:uuid:615c9a70-0c4d-4569-8625-624f8916b72a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://forum.katalon.com/t/div-id-picombobox-2144-trigger-picker-2144-is-keep-on-changing-how-to-handle-this-xpath-and-put-it-in-the-code/66290 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.799392 | 1,042 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Price climbs for Treasure Beach dredging project
The impact of Hurricane Matthew is still being felt by the county finances, even for at least one project that had already started.
One of the items on the consent agenda for Tuesday's St. Johns County Commission meeting is the reevaluation of a dredging project at Frank Butler County Park in Treasure Beach. Thanks to a "re-interpretation" of a permit from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, the disposal of storm-related debris from the dredging could cost millions more than first estimated.
That's according to county public works director Neal Shinkre and county documents filed with the Commission meeting agenda packet.
Shinkre said that on Aug. 2, 2018, the project was 20- to 25-percent complete when his department was informed by the DEP that the previously agreed upon plan to send the debris collected from the dredging to Simms Pit off Holmes Boulevard was not viable. The debris was determined to have unacceptable levels of arsenic and salinity for Simms Pit.
"(The permit) was differently interpreted by DEP midstream," Shinkre said.
With the change, the project that was first contracted for about $1.8 million is now expected to cost between $2.55 million and $3.41 million because the debris has to go to a Class 1 landfill such as Tillman Ridge (in St. Johns County) or Trail Ridge (in Jacksonville).
Shinkre said he was under the impression his department was doing everything properly until it was shut down.
Meanwhile, Russell Simpson with the DEP told The Record in an email that it is simply doing what it had to do in order to ensure safe removal of the debris.
"... a permit modification was issued by the DEP to ensure disposal of the material in accordance with the state’s environmental regulations, and the protection of public health and safety and the environment," Simpson said.
"In this case, the permit modification requires the county to dispose of the non-hazardous waste material in a DEP-permitted lined Class 1 Landfill that is authorized to receive this type of material."
The change for the county will not be as big of a hardship as it first seems. The dredging project is being covering 75 percent by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and 12.5 by the state. So the county's portion is just 12.5 percent.
Shinkre said Public Works is asking the Commission for funding for the more of expensive of the two options identified, but his goal is to come in under budget.
"I’m going with the safeguard option," he said. "I don’t think I will need that, but I don’t want to come back to the board back and forth."
He said his staff has come up with a solution in which dry said with no salinity or arsenic is mixed with the dredged material. That would make it safe to send to county-owned Tillman Ridge landfill, the cheaper option compared to trucking debris to Jacksonville.
"That is the unpredictable option," he said. "We’re pretty confident and optimistic that it is (a solution). But we don’t want to mislead our board by saying, 'Well, give us the pool for that,' and that doesn’t work and we have to come back.
"I don’t want to take any FEMA risks so we’re going with the most predictable option and hoping that we’re able to deliver the other option."
Shinkre said he's anxious to get the project going again because the delay has kept the public from having access at Butler.
"I want that Butler Park open as soon as possible," Shinkre said. "There’s a community expectation." | <urn:uuid:7f023fd9-1b72-4fdd-8767-1a7544e444a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.staugustine.com/story/news/local/2019/02/18/price-climbs-for-treasure-beach-dredging-project/5900427007/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.972024 | 783 | 1.75 | 2 |
Important: The information in this document is obsolete and should not be used for new development.
Data StructuresThis section shows the Pascal data structure for the
GDevicerecord, which can contain information about a video device or an offscreen graphics world. This section also shows the data structure for the
DeviceLoopFlagsdata type, which defines a set of options you can specify to the | <urn:uuid:8005d076-13a1-4149-adbe-c61a688407fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/mac/QuickDraw/QuickDraw-274.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.772938 | 87 | 1.625 | 2 |
Here’s a bit of interesting trivia that I discovered: the Air Raiders do not appear to be currently trademarked by Hasbro.
According to the United States Patent and Trademark Office, Hasbro originally filed to trademark the brand back in June 1987 (which seems damn late for something that launched a few months later). The trademark was cancelled in July, 1994.
Hasbro renewed the trademark in September, 2009 but as of 2011, the property has been “abandoned, no statement of use filed.” I haven’t found any further information so I assume this is the current status.
So what does this mean?
It doesn’t matter for two reasons. First, Hasbro still protects itself through it’s copyright of the toys.
According to quora:
and copyright both are the intellectual property rights, to protect a different kind of assets.
Trademark enables the user to protect their brand name. Trademark means any symbol, word, name, device, numerals or combination of both, which can be represented graphically, can be registered as trademark. A trademark is unique symbol which distinguishes your goods or services from others.
Whereas the Copyright is a form of intellectual property, applicable to certain forms of creative, intellectual, or artistic forms or works, which includes literary works, theses, paintings, drawings, musical compositions, website, script, mobile app layout, etc. It is the exclusive and assignable legal right, given to the originator for a fixed number of years, to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material.
So a trademark seems to cover stuff like the term Air Raiders, the slogan “The Power is in the Air!” and possible the logo, while the copyright covers the art, world background, character names, probably vehicle designs, etc. That copyright lasts for 70 years at least.
Second, a lapsed trademark does not equate to abandonment as Mattel was able to successfully sue to get the lapsed rights back to the Crash Test Dummy brand.
Part of the reason I was curious enough to look this up was that a different series of toys called Air Raiders kept coming up in my Google searches. They are made by Blue Rocket Toys in Hong Kong and the products were foam gliders or rockets that were shot forward with guns and slingshots or even thrown by hand.
I was wondering how they got away with this? They’re using the name and while they’re not ripping off the Air Raider concept, some of their gimmicks get close enough.
And the answer is: I don’t know. Maybe they got around the name rights because Hasbro let the trademark lapse? Or maybe international trademarks work differently?
I did notice a new brand change though recently so maybe the long arm of Hasbro finally did catch up with them. Notice the logo changes on the similar products below. The shark one appears to be newer based on reviews I’ve seen.
Xtrem Raiders! (Ugh…)
Bear in mind, I am not a lawyer so this is all pure speculation on my part. I do wonder if the trademark has truly lapsed. If so, that’s sad because it shows Hasbro currently has no interest in the brand. It does make one wonder why they renewed it briefly in 2009. Maybe the success of the Transformer movie had them digging into their other properties? Who knows.
If anyone has any thoughts or can offer better insight than me, please feel free to share.
Enjoy and click here to like us on Facebook! | <urn:uuid:c6d32ee4-2e0c-4051-bc69-0a6ae13fe105> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://airlandia.wordpress.com/2018/09/01/air-raiders-trademark/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.956294 | 749 | 1.859375 | 2 |
The Challenges of Managing a Multi-Storey Building in the Current Climate
Maintaining standards of service and a great first impression when people visit a building is challenging. Rising costs, staffing issues and a global pandemic have all added to the complexity of this task. But what if there was a way to maintain – or even raise – standards, reduce costs, and evolve buildings to embrace 21st technology all from one source?
The challenge of COVID-19 has made business owners and building managers around the globe examine closely how best to provide a high standard of service to their residents and visitors – in both commercial buildings and multi-unit residential spaces. The traditional method of having a person on site 24/7 is costly and can be unreliable, unwanted and unnecessary.
Recent figures released by Remit Consulting showed office occupancy levels in the UK dropped by over ten percent from 20.8% the previous week, to 10.7% in the week ending Friday December 17. The evolution of front of house is an area that many managers have been examining, not just to deal with health and resource challenges, underlined by these statistics, but also to take advantage of the change in technologies and techniques available. There is increased opportunity to partner with companies offering a complete service that offers real human interaction combined with building automation systems that take charge of security and access, as well as integrating with existing building management systems.
Building managers have of course been able to access Virtual Receptionist or eReceptionist services for some time. However, a growing number of companies are now discovering that combining a professionally trained Digital Receptionist offering live interaction combined with cutting edge control technology fits their needs perfectly.
Organisations accessing these new evolved systems see their expectations met. Costs are cut, high standards for occupants and visitors are maintained, security is improved, and data is gathered. Their building is run more efficiently in every way.
Commercial vs Residential: Different Needs Met
No two buildings are the same, of course, and the needs of commercial spaces and residential buildings are different. Adding a specially trained human Digital Receptionist takes performance and delivery to the next level, as they react in real time to the needs of any occupant or visitor.
For commercial buildings
- Managers will want fast and efficient reception services that get visitors where they need to be whilst informing the necessary people of their presence.
- The cost saving of using a remote, but human Digital Receptionist, is considerable and frees up valuable real estate as the attractive interactive displays that greet all users take up much less space than a traditional receptionist’s desk.
- The system also provides valuable access to data helping to plan resource allocation for every aspect of building life.
- These systems also deliver evolved security and access control to multiple entry points across multiple sites.
For the manager of a residential space
- A warm welcome and peace of mind as well as increased efficiency and building useability are all paramount.
- A Digital Receptionist backed up with cutting edge technology can deliver in all these areas at multiple sites – simultaneously. This delivers considerable cost savings.
In an increasingly competitive market for rental and purchasing, having a building that promotes safety and smart building technology – with a human touch, delivers a real competitive edge.
In high-end residential spaces, particularly in urban settings, occupancy levels are often low due to their use as second or holiday homes. The quality of reception services still needs to be very high, but the amount of interaction needed makes a 24/7 human presence unnecessary.
Digital Receptionist systems represent the merging of the power of human interaction with technology to offer a SaaS driven IP based Visitor Management System truly fit for the 21st century.
Are you ready to switch?
If you are looking to transition away from a full or part time in-person receptionist to a digital replacement, use our 10 question checklist to help you to make the decision. | <urn:uuid:229a227f-c821-4d4a-a013-fffa014b6890> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lares.digital/updates/digital-receptionist/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.952283 | 803 | 1.59375 | 2 |
In the National Football League (NFL), the franchise tag is a designation a team may apply to a player scheduled to become an unrestricted free agent. The tag binds the player to the team for one year if certain conditions are met. Each team has one franchise tag (of either the exclusive or non-exclusive forms) and one transition tag per year. The transition tag can only be used if the team does not use a franchise tag; however, Article 10 of the Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) signed in 2011 stipulates that, in the Final League Year, teams are allowed to use both the franchise tag and transition tag for the 2020 NFL season.
The tag option allows NFL franchises to retain a "franchise player" who is valuable to a franchise. The one-year, guaranteed contract that is offered to the player is a known, non-negotiated salary. If a designated player does not sign the offer and is unable or unwilling to negotiate an alternative contract before week 10 of the designated season, the player is unable to sign or negotiate a contract in the NFL for the remainder of the season.
The franchise tag provides general managers and owners a strategic way to manage salary costs and limit exposure to the financial risks associated with a long-term contract. Unsurprisingly, many designated players have criticized the use of the franchise tag by teams when it restricts their perceived ability to negotiate a more lucrative contract.
- An "exclusive" franchise player must be offered a one-year contract for an amount no less than the average of the top five salaries at the player's position as of a date in April of the current year in which the tag will apply, or 120 percent of the player's previous year's salary, whichever is greater. Exclusive franchise players cannot negotiate with other teams. The player's team has all the negotiating rights to the exclusive player.
- A "non-exclusive" franchise player must be offered a one-year contract for an amount no less than the average of the top five cap hits at the player's position for the previous five years applied to the current salary cap, or 120 percent of the player's previous year's salary, whichever is greater. A non-exclusive franchise player may negotiate with other NFL teams, but if the player signs an offer from another team, the original team has a right to match the terms of that offer, or if it does not match the offer and thus loses the player, is entitled to receive two first-round draft picks as compensation.
- Under the capped years, a team can designate one additional player with a transition tag. A transition player must be offered a minimum of the average of the top 10 salaries of the prior season at the player's position or 120 percent of the player's prior year's salary, whichever is greater. A transition player designation gives the club a first-refusal right to match, within seven days, an offer sheet given to the player by another club after his contract expires. If the club matches, it retains the player. If it does not match, it receives no compensation.
- Consecutive franchise tags are allowed; however, for a player to be tagged in two straight years, the team must pay 120 percent of the player's previous salary. If tagged in three straight years, the team must pay the player 144 percent of his previous salary, or an average of the top 5 salaries at the highest-paid position (likely QB), whichever is higher.
- "NFL CBA Quirks That Could Have a Big Effect on the 2020 Offseason". ESPN.com. 2019-02-26. Archived from the original on 2020-02-28. Retrieved 2020-02-28.
- "ESPN.com: Page 2 : T.O. = Terrible Owens". www.espn.com. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
- "Steelers franchise tag Le'Veon Bell for a second straight year". CBSSports.com. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
- Ochab, Charles (March 2007). "Don't Franchise Me! The NFL's Emerging Dilemma". The Illinois Business Law Journal.
- https://nflpaweb.blob.core.windows.net/media/Default/NFLPA/CBA2020/NFL-NFLPA_CBA_March_5_2020.pdf[bare URL PDF] | <urn:uuid:82bb68d0-bb7e-476f-b7c4-5e828657aa0a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchise_tag | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.936992 | 917 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Peptides are amino acid groups that are held together by nitrogen and carbon bonds. Science calls these the building blocks of life and has proven that peptides occur naturally in the skin to help keep it firm. How do peptides make your skin look younger? Easy, by priming or encouraging stimulation of a natural process involving collagen. Your skin’s main building block is a protein called collagen. To make it, amino acid segments come together to produce the structure of collagen, which then creates the structure we call skin.
People below the age of 30 generate plenty of collagen, leading to skin that is radiant and tight, but everyone else will have constantly diminishing collagen resulting in skin that’s weaker, revealing problems including wrinkles. As collagen begins to weaken and break, small amounts of amino acids are released at the same time. These released proteins are what are referred to as Peptides. And we can use this fact to our advantage by using skin care products that contain peptides. This is because the National Institutes of Health (NIH) found that these peptides send signals that collagen has broken down and must be replenished.
So, when products containing peptides "aka primers" are used consistently, your skin believes that it's a collagen breakdown byproduct and signals your body needs to manufacture new collagen. This little trick on Mother Nature allows us to artfully reduce wrinkles and allow us to appear younger by using skin care products that contain peptides that will call for more collagen production.
The main issue is that using peptides in our skin care is not a quick-fix fancy solution. It requires time based on the fact that it is merely stimulating the body to speed up a process that it would naturally do quite slowly. But outside of that, it does work. Be sure to chat with your skin care professional about which available products might contain peptides. | <urn:uuid:8d055f2d-b890-4ef4-94f6-ae71e08fbfc7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oasisskincareclinic.net/skininfo/peptides-what-you-need-to-know | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.948135 | 397 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Using Feature Sets
When a feature set variable is opened in ModelBuilder, interactive digitizing of features is disabled. Features can only be interactively entered from the model tool dialog box when opened in ArcMap, ArcGlobe, or ArcScene. Since the only way to interactively digitize features with a feature set is by opening the model tool dialog box, the feature set variable must be exposed as a model parameter. To set the feature set variable as a model parameter, in ModelBuilder, right-click the feature set variable and choose Model Parameter.
Running within ModelBuilder
When you open a feature set variable In ModelBuilder, the default value is the name of a feature class that will be created in the in_memory workspace when the model is run using its tool dialog. You can replace this value with the name of a feature layer or feature class and run your model within ModelBuilder, as illustrated below.
Using Record Set
Unlike feature sets, record set variables can be interactively edited in ModelBuilder. This allows models containing a record set variable to be run within ModelBuilder. Any records added to a record set in ModelBuilder will appear in the model tool dialog box if the record set variable is set as a model parameter. These prepopulated records in the record set can be modified from the model tool dialog box or deleted from the record set. New records can be added to the record set at any time. | <urn:uuid:887f0647-0fe4-4597-86f7-9745a5986b7a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/10.3/analyze/modelbuilder/using-feature-set-and-record-set-in-modelbuilder.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.873823 | 291 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Osteochondrosis – dystrophic damage to the tissues, which are characterized by lesions of the intervertebral discs, adjacent articular surfaces and vertebral bodies, spinal ligament. As in any joint of the body, degenerative changes due to natural aging occur in the vertebrae or facet joints throughout life. The most common cause of osteochondrosis is the reduction in the thickness of the intervertebral discs due to natural wear, dehydration, due to the occurrence of intervertebral disc herniation, protrusions, or as a result of surgical intervention to remove intervertebral hernias, protrusions. Reducing the height of the intervertebral disk of the spine by a few millimeters leads to an increase in the load on the facet joints a few times. The pressure on the intervertebral disc increases with overweight, poorly trained maintenance of the muscles, and osteoporosis. . In the segments of the spine undergoing overload there are osteophyte reactions (sedimentation of salts). In facet joints under the influence of pressure, sharp movements in the cartilages appear microtraumas, tears. Some substances that must be removed from the body are not processed while remaining in the tissues of the joints. These “residues” form neoplasms on the body of the vertebrae, which again leads to damage and limitation of the function of the cartilaginous tissue between the vertebrae. Reducing the functionality of the joints of the spine and the accumulation of “excess” tissue in the spinal canal and in the intervertebral openings lead to pressure on the spinal cord and nerve “spines”, which in turn leads to pain symptoms.
Symptoms of osteochondrosis
Back pain that appears when you have a load
Pains appear in the morning, immediately after lifting, when the spine after a long rest feels the weight of its own body, which exerts pressure on the sick, worn intervertebral discs
Prolonged pain in the back or neck, which increases when it is forced in one posture
Back pain in back and forth
Lumbar pain, discomfort and tenderness when regurgitation
The pain that gives the crotch, limbs, to the pelvic organs
Shot and disturbance of sensitivity in the limbs
Weakness of the muscles that are innervated by the nerves of the back
Decrease of reflexes, numbness, ants, tingling, sensation of chilliness in limbs
Shot in the back, after overcooling or overstrain of the spinal muscles
Diagnosis of osteochondrosis
When symptoms of back pain, acute back pain or prolonged back pain, you must register with a neurologist for consultation. At the consultation, the spine will be diagnosed. The doctor will review, examine the history of the disease and the causes of back pain. Writes direction on MRI (photograph of one or more spine divisions). Will develop a program for the treatment of osteochondrosis.
The program may include medical physical education, restorative kinesiotherapy, complex therapeutic massage. Drug treatment is NOT a complete treatment for the treatment of osteochondrosis. To restore the metabolic processes in the deep tissues of the spine you need a gentle motor activity on the simulator for pulling and strengthening the muscles of the spine. The diagnosis of “osteochondrosis”, “generalized osteochondrosis” (common osteochondrosis on all parts of the spine) is posed by the doctor after consultation, referral to the MRI or X-ray is also prescribed by the doctor. Do not practice self-medication.
Neck pain Patient History
Andriy came with pain in the cervical department, which gave in his left hand and increased with the movements of the hand. The numbness of the fingers and the headache at night ...
Vegetative vascular dystonia Patient History
Diana came with complaints of dizziness, a headache. There was a discomfort in the heart, a state of anxiety. Sleep disturbance, general weakness.
Scoliosis in a child Patient History:
Dmitry needed to correct distortion of the spine and relieve neck pain.
Intercostal neuralgia Patient History:
Julia, 45 years old, complained of a strong pain below the right shoulder blade, which was healed on the right side of the chest and intensified during deep breathing, with his ...
Myofascial syndrome Patient History:
Olga, 28 years old – suffered from aching pain in the lumbar, limitation of mobility in the lumbar spine. Bil was significantly increased during the wearing of a small ...
Poor posture Patient History:
Sergei, 28 years old – complained of heaviness and pain in the shoulders and neck, rapid fatigue at the beginning of the day, dizziness. There was a stiffness.
Radiculopathy Patient History
Vladimir, 65 years old – came with a strong backache in the right leg. There was a numbness of the thigh, legs, and feet in the right leg, and in the left leg it was ...
Correction of posture Patient History
Sergey V. came to the primary consultation in our center with complaints of abnormal posture and periodic pulling pain in the shoulders and neck. In spite of a very active ...
Intervertebral hernia Patient History
Anatoliy Mikhailovich, 59 years old, came to the Center on the recommendation of the daughter of Alexandra, who has already undergone a course on the restoration of the spine. ...
Back pain Patient History
Anatoly turned to the “Spine Ambulatory” for correction of posture. Scoliostic posture was formed as a result of the “sedentary” way of life. The work of ... | <urn:uuid:0625341d-a665-4e46-946b-dc946e3e11f8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ambulatoria.ua/en/treatment-of-osteochondrosis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.90019 | 1,429 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Mathnasium ready to help students after trying school year
Published 12:22 am Wednesday, May 26, 2021
Each year, students attend summer school to improve their scores to move on to the next grade.
Math classes are the leading cause for children needing extra help. After one of the most trying school years for students, Mathnasium of Mid County is trying to help students of all ages achieve their goals, whether it is to get back up to speed or get ahead of the game.
The facility is located at 4700 FM 365 in the shopping center next to H-E-B.
The center helps children starting in the first grade up to adults studying for college and vocational tests.
Like many businesses, Mathnasium took a hit during the pandemic, going from averages of approximately 90 students to 18 at the lowest point. As of this week, owner Michael Fertitta said the facility regularly sees approximately 40 students.
Fertitta said the summer is typically a slower time for Mathnasium, as many families take their children out for vacation. But the owner said this year could be different due to the fact several had to stay home or miss significant chunks of school.
“It seems every year, they wait until the last minute,” Fertitta said of summer enrollment.
Fertitta, a former engineer, took over the location five years ago.
“My wife is lifelong friends with the owner in Beaumont,” he said. “…I like math. I really do. We used a lot of math in our inspection company. We inspected metal offshore and did a lot of flaw detection.”
Fertitta said the center pulls children from as far as Orange County.
“That is how well it works,” he said. “They are willing to make the sacrifice to make the trips to come from Bridge City and Little Cypress.”
When a student enters the program, Mathnasium reaches out to the student’s teacher to help meet the child’s needs, Fertitta said.
“It is all hands on,” he said. “It is all individual because no two kids’ brains are alike… We are not trying to do the teacher’s job. We are here to support the teachers. That is the big thing.”
Mathnasium is not just for students who are behind and need tutoring. Fertitta said many of the people who attend are looking to get ahead of the curriculum.
“We have kids that have been here a long time,” he said. “We have two brothers who are in the enrichment program. They don’t need help with their math. They just want the little extra push. They may come in and need some help on something, but they are really here to jump the gun.”
Fertitta said most of his employees are students from Lamar University.
“My lead instructor, Victoria Kitchens, is amazing,” he said. “She is my rock. She takes care of this place. These kids relate to our young instructors more so than they would an old gray-headed guy like me. The more comfortable the kids are and the more fun they are having, they are learning. That is the big thing. Math and fun don’t go together very often, but it does here.”
For more information, call 409-223-7976 or email midcounty@mathnasium. | <urn:uuid:66b1ea4a-40a7-40db-8b5e-0828b3a3a750> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.panews.com/2021/05/26/mathnasium-aims-to-help-students-after-trying-school-year/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.980013 | 737 | 1.859375 | 2 |
- "Alzheimer’s” is a heterogeneous syndrome and entangled with brain aging processes.
- People living with dementia can still maintain quality of life.
- Dementia rates have been falling in the US and Western Europe across the last several decades, thanks to successful public health approaches.
We are pleased to relaunch our blog, American Dementia, in conjunction with our release of a book by the same name. A decade ago, we published our first book called The Myth of Alzheimer’s in which we critically examined what we felt were deep misapprehensions in the field. Among them, were the notion that Alzheimer’s is one discreet “disease,” that it is unrelated to aging, and that people with dementia are irretrievably “lost selves.” A consequence of these assertions, which we pointed out in the book, is that biomarkers and molecular fixes are not likely to be helpful in clinical practice. We called for broader perspectives.
Since the book’s release in 2008, its thesis has held up. It is now broadly accepted that “Alzheimer’s” is a heterogeneous syndrome and entangled with brain aging processes, a reality we have confronted in the face of consistent failures of anti-Alzheimer’s drugs over the past two decades. The person-centered care and dementia-friendly communities movements have continued growing globally, dispelling the notion that people with Alzheimer’s diagnoses must necessarily fade away into that good night. And, most recently, the controversies with amyloid biomarkers and therapies have emerged full force with the unfortunate accelerated approval of aducanumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against amyloid, that has not adequately demonstrated clinical value.
In our latest book, we pick up where The Myth left off, taking stock of a wayward field and trying to reframe what brain health might mean in an unhealthy society. Core to the story we tell is the surprising recent finding that dementia rates have actually been falling in the US and in Western Europe across the last several decades. This trend has little to do with drug development and much to do with public policies of the mid-20th century that collectively improved brain health at the population level. Our book considers what this means for the present and future, and lays out a comprehensive plan for brain health while exploring how communities can most humanely care for our elder neighbors.
We plan to use this blog to build on the message of American Dementia, and identify not merely the challenges and problems in the Alzheimer’s field but also areas where we see genuine hope and life-affirming action. In terms of our background, Danny is an associate professor at Penn State College of Medicine, where he is a faculty member in the Department of Humanities and Department of Public Health Sciences. He has over 140 professional peer-review publications, and his research on intergenerational issues in dementia care has been recognized by the global advocacy group Alzheimer’s Disease International.
Peter is a neurologist, ethicist, and psychologist who is Professor of Neurology, with secondary positions as Professor of Psychiatry, Cognitive Science, Neuroscience, Organizational Behavior, and Design and Innovation and former appointments (but current interests) in Psychology, Bioethics, History, and Nursing at Case Western Reserve University. He is also currently Professor of Medicine at the University of Toronto a former fellow at the University of Oxford, and Founding President of Intergenerational Schools International (now InterHub). In 1999 Peter founded with his wife, Catherine, The Intergenerational Schools, unique public, multiage community schools in Cleveland. He is a serial/parallel social innovator with a focus on learning environments, and author and editor of hundreds of academic papers, book chapters, books, and multimedia projects ranging from genetics and cognitive neuroscience, to clinical issues, to community and public health, and ethics and the humanities.
We look forward to starting a conversation here and appreciate the chance to share our perspective with the Psychology Today community.
George, DR, Whitehouse PJ. (2021). American Dementia: Brain Health in an Unhealthy Society. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. | <urn:uuid:34251ac9-4238-41ee-ac42-b46283c0027d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cdn3.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/american-dementia/202108/untangling-our-american-dementia-beyond-the-myths-alzheimers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.949992 | 872 | 2.625 | 3 |
- Research article
- Open Access
Host cytokine responses distinguish invasive from airway isolates of the Streptococcusmilleri/anginosis group
BMC Infectious Diseases volume 14, Article number: 498 (2014)
The Streptococcus Milleri/Anginosus Group (SMG) colonize mucosal surfaces, especially the airways, and are considered to be normal mucosal microbiota; however, they are a major cause of abscesses, pneumonia and pleural empyema. The production of exoenzymes and virulence factors do not correlate with SMG pathogenicity. Since SMG infections are associated with robust inflammatory responses, we hypothesized that host immune responses might distinguish strains associated with asymptomatic carriage and those associated with fulminant disease.
We measured IL1β, TNF, IL10, IL12, IL23, IL17, and IL4 production from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with a panel of clinical isolates from the airways and infections and measured the ability of these isolates to stimulate TLR2.
Isolates were categorized based on the levels of cytokines they induced from PBMCs (high, intermediate, low). Airway isolates predominantly induced low levels of cytokines and isolates from invasive disease induced higher levels, although about 10% of the strains produced divergent cytokine responses between donors. Interestingly, the donors were most divergent in their production of IL17, IL12 and IL23.
We propose that the ability to inhibit or avoid an inflammatory response is associated with carriage in the airways and variability in responses between isolates and donors might contribute to susceptibility to disease.
The Streptococcus Milleri/Anginosus Group (SMG), including the three species Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus, and Streptococcus intermedius, are considered commensal bacteria since they asymptomatically colonize the gastrointestinal, female urogenital, and respiratory tracts of 15-30% of the healthy population [1, 2]. They are, however, also causative agents of pyogenic infections, accounting for 28-40% of brain abscesses [3, 4], 20-44% of liver abscesses [5–7], 20% of head and neck abscesses , and 30-50% of pleural empyema [9, 10], all of which are often complicated by bacteremia . In addition to causing acute invasive infections, we have recently identified the SMG as a chronic respiratory pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients . It is unclear whether there are separate disease-causing and commensal strains of the SMG. This is complicated largely by the vast genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of the three species. Clinical isolates of the SMG exhibit inter- and intra-species diversity in phenotypic characteristics, including biochemical properties, Lancefield grouping (A, C, G, F, non-groupable), hemolysis on sheep’s blood agar (α, β, γ), and production of putative virulence factors including the hydrolytic enzymes hyaluronidase (HA), chondroitin sulfatase (CS), DNase, and proteases. Previous studies have shown that there is no association between the phenotype of an isolate and its ability to cause infection [13, 14].
Since studies of phenotypic characteristics have not been informative in distinguishing invasive or commensal isolates of the SMG, we reasoned that host immune responses might contribute to pathogenicity. The pathology of bacterial infections can be mediated either by damage to host tissues directly or by the host’s immune response. If the inflammatory response is not appropriately calibrated, it can drive tissue damage or, in systemic infections, excess cytokine production, which can be fatal [15, 16]. SMG infections are characterized by robust neutrophilia and local and systemic inflammation , whereas carriage (approximately ≤1 × 105 CFU/mL in the lungs) does not appear to be accompanied by a robust immune response [18, 19].
Commensal bacteria might be less immunogenic than pathogenic bacteria or might induce an anti-inflammatory response that contributes to their selection as long-term residents of mucosal surfaces. For example, in a study comparing dendritic cell production of IL23, IL12p70 and IL10 after exposure to airway isolates, it was found that the pathogenic species Morexella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae induced high levels of cytokines, non-pathogenic isolates of Veillonella spp. and Actinomyces spp. induced low levels of cytokines and non-pathogenic isolates of Prevotella spp. induced low levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL23 and IL12p70 but high levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 . Similarly, the commensal bacteria Staphylococcus aureus provokes divergent cytokine responses from macrophages, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and dendritic cells that possibly account for the varying outcomes of carriage or infection. Macrophages, the sentinel cells of the nasopharynx where S. aureus is a common colonizing organism, produce IL10 in response to the bacteria, which is speculated to contribute to colonization. Dendritic cells, which are found in the circulation and in the skin, produce IL12 or IL23, which might contribute to the immunopathology of a systemic S. aureus infection [21–23]. These studies suggest that cytokine responses could be determinants of commensalism or pathogenicity.
To determine if cytokine responses to the SMG distinguish commensal from pathogenic isolates, we measured the production of IL1β, TNF, IL10, IL23, 12p70, IL17A, and IL4 from human PBMCs in response to 35 clinical isolates from either invasive infections (abscesses, bacteremia, empyema) or the CF airway cultured during periods of stability or exacerbation. Cytokine profiles differed across the 35 isolates resulting in a spectrum of responses that separated into high, intermediate, and low levels of cytokine production. The high and intermediate response groups were enriched for invasive isolates, which induced significantly higher levels of IL1β, TNF, IL10, IL23, and IL12p70 production than did airway isolates. The spectrum of cytokine profiles illustrates the heterogeneity of the SMG and indicates that cytokine responses might contribute to the potential of an isolate to colonize the airways or cause infection.
The 35 isolates of SMG used in this study included three ATCC reference strains (S. anginosus strain ATCC33397, S. constellatus strain ATCC27823, and S. intermedius strain ATCC27335) and 32 clinical isolates from a larger collection described previously . Isolates from invasive infections (hip abscess, brain abscess, empyema, blood) were obtained from the Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Canada. Airway isolates were cultured from the sputum of CF patients during periods of stability or exacerbation as part of standard patient care with ethical approval by the Conjoint Health Ethics Board of the Faculties of Medicine, Nursing and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, and the Affiliated Teaching Institutions of the Calgary Zone, Alberta Health Services. Isolates were considered associated with exacerbation when they were the most abundant microorganism cultured and this was always at an abundance from CF sputum at numbers ≥ 1 × 108 CFU/mL. The SMG were grown in Todd Hewitt Broth containing 5 g/L yeast (THY) at 37°C, 5% CO2. Twenty-four hour cultures were centrifuged at 15,000 × g for 5 minutes, washed once with PBS and re-suspended in PBS. CFUs were enumerated by plating serial dilutions on THY agar followed by incubation at 37°C, 5% CO2 for 24 hours. Cell suspensions were heat-killed for 10 minutes at 65°C. Bacterial phenotypes were characterized and previously assigned to biotypes [13, 24]. Briefly, hydrolytic enzyme activity and hemolytic properties were determined by plating bacteria on differential agar. Lancefield groups were determined by a commercially available kit (Oxoid, Nepean, Ontario, Canada).
Primary cell culture & PBMCs stimulation
Protocols were approved by the McMaster Research Ethics Board and written informed consent was obtained for all participants. Human PBMCs were isolated from the heparinized venous blood of healthy human donors (n = 3, age range 30–50 years, male:female 2:1) using Ficoll-Paque (GE Healthcare) and Leucosep tubes (Greiner Bio-One). Cells were cultured in X-VIVO 10 media (Lonza) containing gentamicin and 1% autologous plasma. Cells were seeded at a density of 5 × 105 cells/well in a 96-well round bottom plate in a final volume of 200 μL. Heat-killed SMG were added to freshly isolated PBMCs in triplicate at a ratio of 5:1 (PBMCs:bacteria) in a final volume of 210 μL. After 24 hours of stimulation, PBMCs were centrifuged at 1,600 × g for 5 minutes and supernatants were collected and stored at −20°C until analyzed. The levels of IL1β, TNF, IL10, IL23, IL12p70, IL17A, and IL4 were measured in cell supernatants using the MILLIPLEX Map Human Th17 Magnetic Bead Panel (EMD Millipore) following the manufacturer’s recommendations on the Luminex xMAP platform. Release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from PBMCs was used to assess PBMC viability using the CytoTox96 non-radioactive cytotoxicity assay kit (Promega) following the manufacturer’s instructions. The formula (OD of treated - OD of untreated)/(OD of complete lysis control - OD of untreated) × 100 was used to calculate percentage of non-viable cells.
Analysis of cytokine responses
Cytokine data for each donor were scaled on a scale of 0 to 1 with highest value set to 1 to generate the heatmap and subsequent dendrogram for the cluster analyses, as well as for principle coordinate analysis (PCoA). Cluster analyses were performed by calculating the distance matrix using the Euclidean method followed by complete linkage hierarchal clustering using the gplots package in R version 2.15.2. PCoA was performed using the Bray-Curtis method in the vegan package in R. For all other cytokine analyses, data are the mean cytokine value across all three donors and were analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests, as indicated.
TLR2 NF-κB:SEAP reporter assay
The HEK-Blue-2 cell line (InvivoGen PlasmoTest) stably expresses TLR2, CD14 and a secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter gene inducible by the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1. These cells were cultured in complete DMEM (2 mM L-glutamine, 10% fetal bovine serum, 50 U/mL penicillin, 50 μg/mL streptomycin) with the addition of 350 μg/mL hygromycin, 5 μg/mL blasticidin, and 25 μg/mL zeocin. The cells were seeded into a 96-well flat bottom plate (BD Biosciences) at a density of 2 × 104 cells/well in complete DMEM. After 24 hours, the medium was replaced with HEK-Blue Detection medium (InvivoGen) and the cells were treated with 1 × 106 heat-killed SMG cells or 10-fold dilutions of Pam3CSK4 (InvivoGen) (highest final concentration of 0.1 μg/mL) as a positive control. Each sample was studied in triplicate. Twenty-four hours later, the absorbance was read at 630 nm using a BioTek Synergy H1 plate reader. Fold change was calculated relative to the unstimulated control.
S. anginosus, S. constellatus, and S. intermediuselicit similar cytokine responses from human PBMCs
Thirty-five isolates of SMG were selected from our collection of characterized clinical isolates [13, 25], including 12 S. anginosus, 12 S. intermedius, and 11 S. constellatus. The isolates varied in phenotypic traits as well as in the clinical source of isolation to represent the phenotypic and pathogenic diversity of the SMG (Additional file 1: Table S1). PBMCs were stimulated with heat-killed SMG for 24 hours, after which the levels of TNF, IL1β, IL10, IL23, IL12p70, IL17A, and IL4 were measured in cell supernatants. Since the SMG have variable rates of growth in the tissue culture media isolates were heat-killed in order to eliminate any variability that would occur due to bacterial growth within the 24 hour stimulation.
The SMG induced a range of responses for each cytokine tested. Overall, the SMG induced amounts of IL1β, TNF, IL10, and IL23 10-1000-fold higher than IL12p70, IL17A and IL4. We compared cytokine levels across species to determine whether species classification explained the range of responses. Within a species, isolates varied in their ability to induce cytokine production from PBMCs, the median of which was comparable across the three species except for IL17A (Figure 1A-G). S. intermedius induced significantly higher IL17A production than S. constellatus (Figure 1F). Aside from this, the data suggest that the three species elicit similar cytokine responses. PCoA confirmed that the variability in cytokine production was not species specific (Figure 2).
Cytokine profiles define a spectrum of cytokine responses to the SMG
We next generated a heatmap of the cytokine profiles for the 35 isolates from the three individuals and analyzed them by hierarchal clustering to visualize isolate-specific and donor-specific responses. The cluster analysis revealed three groups of cytokine profiles: high, intermediate, and low responses (Figure 3). Isolates did not cluster by species, corresponding with the PCoA results. Rather, the isolates separated based on whether they originated from invasive infections or the airway. In both the high and intermediate response groups, 80% of isolates originated from invasive infections, compared to 20% in the low response group of which the majority originated from the airways. Cytokine profiles did not group invasive isolates from the same source of infection (e.g. blood, brain) together. To eliminate the possibility that the lack of cytokine production for some isolates was due to cytotoxicity, the amount of LDH released by PBMCs following stimulation with the heat-killed isolates was measured. The SMG induced a range of cell death (1-20% cytotoxicity), however, cytotoxicity did not correlate with cytokine responses (data not shown). Thus, the spectrum of cytokine responses observed is due to differences in immunostimulatory properties of SMG isolates and not cell cytotoxicity.The placement of isolates within the cytokine spectrum and grouping of responses was consistent across the three donors with the exception of a few isolates. The isolates ATCC27335 and C1392 induced low cytokine production in donors A and B, yet induced a high cytokine response in donor C. Conversely, C260 and M60R induced low cytokine responses in donor C, yet high cytokine responses in donors A and B. Interestingly, donor’s A and B responses to C260 and M60R could constitute a separate response group, as they are the only isolates to induce an IL17A response in these donors. In addition to these differences in donor responses to select strains, we observed an overall divergence between donors in the production of IL23 and IL17A. In general, donor C produced IL17A in response to the majority of the immunostimulatory isolates but did not produce IL23 and produced relatively low levels of IL12p70. In contrast, donors A and B produced high levels of IL23 but no IL17A. Although the tendency of a donor’s response to skew towards either IL17A or IL23 held true for the majority of the isolates, the M60R isolate induced IL17A production in donors A and B and isolate C984 induced IL23 production in donor C, indicating that these responses are inducible. We investigated whether this donor-specific inverse relationship between IL23 and IL17A production also occurred in two additional donors. Three of the five total donors tested produced IL23 and IL12p70 but no IL17A to isolates B196, C1051, and M423 (donors A, B, and E) and the remaining two produced IL17A but little or no IL23 and IL12p70 to the same isolates (donors C and D) (Figure 4A-C). These data indicate that human variability contributes to the cytokines induced in response to the SMG.
Invasive isolates induce higher IL-1β, TNF, IL-10, IL23, and IL12p70 production than airway isolates
We next compared whether the variability in cytokine responses was related to the source of isolation. Isolates from acute invasive infections (blood, brain, empyema, hip abscess) were compared to isolates from chronically colonized CF airways. Invasive isolates induced significantly higher production of IL1β, TNF, IL10, IL23, and IL12p70 from PBMCs than airway isolates (Figure 5A-E), but comparable levels of IL17A and IL4 (Figure 5F, G). Within the invasive isolates the cytokine profiles did not segregate based on infection site. These data suggest that cytokine production, including both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, in general is an important feature of SMG infections, however the type of infection is not associated with a specific set of cytokines.
Immunostimulatory properties of the SMG do not correlate with their phenotypic traits
Phenotypic traits, including Lancefield grouping, β-hemolytic activity on sheep’s blood agar, and production of protease, DNase, HA, and CS are used clinically to differentiate strains of the SMG [13, 24, 26]. Comparison of the phenotypic traits of isolates, as previously characterized by Grinwis et al., to cytokine production revealed no association between phenotypic traits and induction of TNF, IL1β, IL10, IL23 or IL4 (Table 1), except for, CS positive isolates, which induced significantly higher amounts of IL-17A than CS negative isolates (Table 1). Grinwis et al., also identified phenotypic “biotypes” within each species. Biotypes are groups of isolates with shared phenotypic properties based on the results of 18 biochemical tests . S. anginosus isolates were grouped as phenotypically active, phenotypically non-active and HA positive, and S. constellatus isolates were grouped as non-groupable/Lancefield group F non-active, Lancefield group F active, and Lancefield group C and β-hemolytic. It is suggested that certain biotypes might be more clinically relevant ; therefore we assessed whether a correlation exists between cytokine profiles and the biotypes of the isolates. S. anginosus isolates of the active biotype and S. constellatus isolates of the Lancefield Group F active biotype were present in only the intermediate response group, whereas the other biotypes were present in two or more response groups (Table 2). Therefore, the phenotypic trait or biotype of a clinical isolate does not enable identification of isolates with increased immunostimulatory properties.
Immunostimulatory properties do not correlate with TLR2 activation
TLR2 is one of the primary pattern recognition receptors involved in recognition of Gram-positive bacteria and has been demonstrated to have divergent signaling pathways that contribute to either the establishment of commensalism or infection [27–29]. We examined whether the SMG utilize TLR2 using a HEK293 NF-kB:SEAP reporter cell line expressing TLR2 and CD14. The SMG induced a range of TLR2 induction (1-11-fold increase relative to unstimulated control) (Figure 6A) comparable to the TLR2 ligand Pam3CSK4 (Figure 6B). Comparison of TLR2 induction by isolates based on their location in the cytokine spectrum (low, intermediate, or high group) revealed no significant difference and unexpectedly, some isolates from the low cytokine response group activated TLR2 signaling in this system as well or better than isolates from the high cytokine response group (Figure 6A). Evidently, TLR2 activation alone does not explain the spectrum of cytokine responses to the SMG.
The SMG are a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous group of bacteria that are members of the mucosal microbiota yet are frequent and serious pathogens. To date, no virulence factors have been identified that are associated with isolates originating from invasive infections, and infections do not appear to be the result of clonal expansion of a hypervirulent strain [13, 14, 19]. In this study, we investigated whether immune recognition of the SMG distinguishes isolates of commensal or disease origin. We demonstrated that there exists intra-species variation in cytokine responses to the SMG, resulting in a spectrum that ranges from high induction of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, to little or no induction of these cytokines. Within this spectrum, the majority of isolates that induced the higher responses were of invasive origin. We hypothesize that these responses contribute to whether the host recognizes the SMG as commensals or pathogens.
No significant difference between the levels of cytokines produced by S. anginosus, S. intermedius or S. constellatus was observed, except for IL17A (Figure 1F). S. intermedius induced significantly higher amounts of IL17A compared to S. constellatus and a similar trend also exists between S. intermedius and S. anginosus. Th17 cells are considered the main IL17-producing cells of the adaptive immune system, and whether this IL17 is produced from pre-existing Th17 cell or innate immune cells such as γδ T cells, invariant natural killer T cells, natural killer cells, and myeloid cells is not clear (reviewed in ). Ongoing studies are aimed at determining the cell type required for IL17 production, and identifying the ligands recognized. Aside from this difference, the similarity in cytokine responses across species suggests that immune recognition occurs via a common surface antigen. Moreover, we did not observe an association between phenotypic profiles and immunostimulatory properties (Table 1), which is consistent with data demonstrating that pathogenicity does not correlate with in vitro phenotypic properties such as exoenzyme production [13, 14]. The clinical source of the isolate, whether of commensal or invasive origin, could, however, explain the differences in cytokine production (Figure 5). This could be due to differential expression of cell surface ligands, however, the SMG are naturally competent and analysis supports genomic diversity . Therefore, additional genetic factors that result in variation of cell-surface molecule expression could contribute to the heterogeneity in immune recognition. Interestingly, although levels of cytokine production as a whole did not correlate with the phenotypic properties of the SMG, CS positive isolates induced elevated levels of IL17A production (Table 1). Whether this is causal or correlates with other surface properties of these isolates warrants further investigation.
Although the mechanisms of SMG pathogenicity are not well understood, it is well documented that the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially IL1β and TNF are involved in both driving and preventing pyogenic infections [33, 34]. Whether the induction of IL1β and TNF by the SMG is protective or detrimental to the host is yet to be determined but it does appear to be a common characteristic of invasive isolates.
We included IL23, IL12p70, and IL4 in the cytokine panel because of their role in the polarization of CD4+ cells towards specific T helper (Th) cell lineages and there are no data on the type of Th cell population generated in response to the SMG. The SMG induced higher levels of IL23 than IL12p70 and IL4 (average of 12-fold induction of IL23 relative to IL12 and 66-fold induction relative to IL4). IL23 contributes to development of human Th17 cells [35, 36] and enhances IL17 production from stimulated T cells . There is an increasing amount of evidence to support a role for Th17 cells and IL17 in the control of colonization of respiratory pathogens and progression to invasive infections, including Streptococcus pneumoniae[38, 39], Klebsiella pneumoniae[40, 41] and Candida albicans[42–44]. Future studies will address whether the SMG-induced IL23 production contributes to polarization of Th17 cells. Moreover, the donor differences in IL12/23 and IL17A production (Figure 4) could result in divergent downstream immune responses. IL17 is a potent mediator of neutrophil chemotaxis [45, 46], and therefore differences in IL17 production might contribute to the susceptibility to immunopathology of pyogenic infections.
Since it has previously been demonstrated that residents of the airways tend to induce IL10 production that promotes their colonization but might ultimately impair a protective immune response during systemic infection [47, 48], we hypothesized that airway isolates might induce IL10 and not the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF or IL1β. This, however, was not the case. Invasive isolates produced the highest levels of IL10, and production of IL10 appeared to be co-regulated with IL1β and TNF (Additional file 2: Figure S1). In contrast, the airway isolates induced low levels of IL10 and pro-inflammatory cytokines in general. Since the isolates were heat-killed and our pilot experiments demonstrated that the supernatants did not induce a strong inflammatory response (data not shown), we hypothesized that the differences in cytokine responses are related to pattern-recognition signaling in response to ligands expressed on the surface. Since TLR2 is the dominant pattern recognition receptor involved in recognition of surface components of Gram-positive bacteria we used a TLR2-NF-κB reporter assay to test this hypothesis; however, we did not observe a correlation between TLR2 activation and cytokine production (Figure 6A). In fact, some isolates in the low cytokine group induced the highest TLR2 activation (Figure 6A). Additional co-receptors or alternative pattern recognition receptors on PBMCs presumably influence cytokine production.
The overall low immunostimulatory capacity of airway isolates could be the result of a selective pressure for minimally immunostimulatory isolates in the airways since the inflammation that would result from a response to more immunostimulatory isolates could compromise lung function . Therefore, immunostimulatory isolates would be removed during this dynamic process of immunological homeostasis. Isolates M505 and M331, both of which were non-immunostimulatory isolates, were cultured on multiple occasions from the CF lung, supporting the notion that non-immunostimulatory isolates are selected as chronic colonizers in the airway . We did, however, observe several airway isolates in the high and intermediate response group, including M423, M1, C984, and M47, suggesting that there might be periodic carriage of immunostimulatory isolates.
Despite the small the number of donors used for the PBMC studies, we observed an isolate-dependent cytokine response in all donors tested, supporting that such responses could determine whether an isolate is perceived as a commensal or a pathogen in a certain individual.
Clinical isolates of the SMG exhibited a great degree of intra-species variation in induction of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines from human PBMCs, the magnitude of which correlated with whether the isolate originated from an invasive infection or colonization of the airways. Consequently, isolate diversity dictates host-responses and could ultimately result in asymptomatic carriage or, given the right conditions (e.g. co-morbidities, surgery or trauma, co-infection) symptomatic disease.
American Typed Culture Collection
Colony forming unit
Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium
Human embryonic kidney
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell
Phosphate buffered saline
Principle coordinate analysis
Secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase
Streptococcus Milleri/Anginosus group
Todd Hewitt broth
Tumor necrosis factor.
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The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/14/498/prepub
This work was supported by a grant for the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) to MS. JK and CV were supported by a CIHR studentship and a Canadian Thoracic Society fellowship respectively. Work in the Bowdish laboratory is supported in part by the McMaster Immunology Research Centre and work in the Bowdish and Surette labs is supported in part by the M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research. MS was supported as a Canada Research Chair in Interdisciplinary Microbiome Research. We thank members of the Bowdish and Surette laboratory for helpful discussions.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
JK and CV carried out experiments and performed statistical analyses. MS and DB contributed to the conception and design of experiments. JK and DB drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Julienne C Kaiser, Chris P Verschoor contributed equally to this work.
Electronic supplementary material
Additional file 2: Figure S1: IL10 production is positively correlated with TNF and IL1β production. Levels of IL1β, TNF, and IL10 for all 35 isolates were plotted as pairwise plots for each donor to demonstrate a positive correlation between A-C. IL1β vs. IL10 and D-F. TNF vs. IL10. The best-fit line and 95% confidence intervals are plotted. The r2 value was determined by linear regression analysis. (TIFF 314 KB)
Authors’ original submitted files for images
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Cite this article
Kaiser, J.C., Verschoor, C.P., Surette, M.G. et al. Host cytokine responses distinguish invasive from airway isolates of the Streptococcusmilleri/anginosis group. BMC Infect Dis 14, 498 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-498
- Streptococcus milleri group
- Host response
- Peripheral blood mononuclear cells | <urn:uuid:eeb0d561-2e3f-4d88-b07e-08160bbbe181> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-14-498 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.865274 | 11,221 | 1.875 | 2 |
The World's Most Dangerous Animals
Name three dangerous animals. If you’re the average person in America, your list probably includes sharks, snakes, bears or maybe even mountain lions. While all of these animals are efficient killing machines in their own right, three of them (guess which!) should barely register as a threat. In fact, the deadliest animals are often the ones you’d never suspect.[slideshow:663]
But make no mistake—the world's most dangerous creatures aren’t necessarily rare. In fact, you probably encounter a few on your morning jog through the park. Furthermore, many are far more deadly than you might imagine. While one is responsible for an estimated 660,000 deaths annually, another is the reason for 400,000 amputations each year. These animals are spread throughout land and ocean habitats across the globe and affect people from middle-class suburbs in Los Angeles to farming communities in remote India.
We’ve arranged the animals in our slideshow by shock-factor. While those at the top may be predictable, those near the bottom could surprise you. | <urn:uuid:f364a50a-089e-4119-a667-7a7f22f3997f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theactivetimes.com/worlds-most-dangerous-animals | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.947485 | 225 | 2.375 | 2 |
An empirical study of large, human biobanks: intellectual property policies and financial conditions for access.
J Law Biosci
Oxford University Press (OUP)
MetadataShow full item record
Jordan, M., Liddicoat, J., & Liddell, K. (2021). An empirical study of large, human biobanks: intellectual property policies and financial conditions for access.. J Law Biosci, 8 (1), lsab018. https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsab018
Biobanks are repositories that collect, store and distribute large quantities of biological samples and associated data (collectively called biobank `material'). Although biobanks have different modes of operation, all face a variety of similar challenges. Some of these challenges, such as donor consent and privacy, have been rigorously debated, but comparatively less attention has been paid to biobanks' intellectual property (IP) practices. IP rights (particularly patents) are integral to the translation of research into clinically relevant outcomes and, therefore, are key features in the business models of many biobanks. As a foundation for such research, commentators have identified five IP clauses of interest: (i) non-obstruction clauses; (ii) march-in clauses; (iii) grant-back clauses; (iv) return-of-results clauses and (v) reach-through clauses (also commonly called `reach-through rights'). In the limited literature that discusses the five clauses, commentators have largely debated their advantages and disadvantages in the abstract. The IP terms that biobanks actually use have not been empirically examined, apart from some small case studies. In particular, no industry-wide evidence exists on three points of biobanks' IP practice: (i) if and how biobanks implement these five types of IP clauses, (ii) whether any norms or standards have emerged, and (iii) whether the norms and standards align with commentators' recommendations for using the five IP clauses. To address these three gaps, the authors conducted a systematic, global survey of the IP clauses used by large, human biobanks. The results indicate that biobanks draft bespoke policies to meet their own needs, and probably do so without knowledge of the gamut of IP terms available. This study also revealed that, in general, biobanks are using IP terms differently from the advice of the commentators. On reviewing the differences, we encourage the use of march-in and grant-back clauses, discourage biobanks from using redundant non-obstruction clauses, and call for more research on return-of-results clauses. We also encourage the use of reach-through clauses to claim royalties (not IP), but only in limited circumstances; for example, where user access fees do not cover a biobanks' operational costs.
This work was supported, in part, by a Novo Nordisk Foundation grant for a scientifically independent Collaborative Research Programme in Biomedical Innovation Law (grant agreement number NNF17SA0027784).
Novo Nordisk Foundation (via University of Copenhagen) (NNF17SA0027784)
External DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsab018
This record's URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/321744
All rights reserved | <urn:uuid:eeb6a01c-dbf4-4847-8482-e0fa8f4485cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/321744 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.859033 | 817 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Courses in business studies often include sections dedicated to speeches, their writing and delivery. It is only natural – after all, whether you occupy a leadership or subordinate position, in business environment you are very likely to make reports, presentations, deliver sales pitches and so on. The ability to express your thoughts and ideas not just in writing but also orally is of paramount importance here.
Even if you used to be a part of a debating club or dabbled in speech writing back in school, this is not going to be of much help here, for business speeches have a lot of specific features that set them apart from other types of oral communication. They are less concerned with rhetoric devices and making picturesque comparisons and more with hard facts and your ability to use them to your advantage.
Quite often, you have to write an assignment of this type without having received sufficient instruction beforehand. Let’s rectify this situation – our best speechwriting specialists have prepared this guide so that you never again experience problems writing your business studies speeches.
A speech is, by definition, a relatively short piece of writing, as it is supposed to be delivered orally in front of an audience. One may think that writing it should not take long. In a sense, it is true – you will most likely spend more time preparing than writing; which is another reason to pay extra attention to this stage.
Here we list what you have to do in a specific order, but it does not mean that you finish with one thing and move on to the next. The nature of a speech is such that you have to treat each stage while referring to all the other steps: e.g., your choice of topic depends on the audience (who they are and what they know), speech length (you should not take a deep and complex topic if you have just 3 minutes to cover it), etc.
Sometimes the professor either defines your topic for you or severely limits your options. However, quite often you have enough freedom of choice to influence the direction your speech is going to take, at least to a degree. Some things you may base your topic on are:
Here are some examples:
The important thing to understand is that there is no such thing as a perfect topic. Find something that is good enough for your purposes and start working – this will bring better results than wasting time trying to find an ideal topic.
Speeches in business studies one writes in college are usually based on case studies. You are given a situation and are asked to prepare and deliver a speech addressing some issue expressed in the case. For example, you are a small business owner who recently joined the Chamber of Commerce of your town. As a new member, you are invited to deliver a short presentation of yourself and your business at the next meeting.
Analyze your audience and consider the following:
Who your audience is determines the language you have to use, terminology you can introduce into your speech without explanations, what arguments they are likely to treat favorably and so on.
Most likely, each member of your class (or most of them) will have to write and deliver one, and some time should remain for discussion as well. This means that you will probably be very limited in time – do not expect to have more than 5 minutes to deliver the speech, so plan accordingly. Your professor will tell you how much time you will have, but fitting your speech into this period is your job. Read a passage from a book aloud at your normal speech tempo and check how much you will be able to cover. An actual speech of the same length may take somewhat shorter or longer to deliver, but this value is a good reference point for your word count, so try to stick to it. You will have an opportunity to slightly shorten or lengthen your speech if necessary later on. Alternatively, use an online tool to convert words to minutes – but remember that different people talk at different speed, and such tools by definition are not very precise.
Speeches usually pursue one of the four purposes (or a combination thereof):
Decide which goal you will pursue beforehand, or you may end up writing a confusing and misleading speech.
Sometimes your work is already laid out in front of you. Sometimes you have to gather information first. Anyway, your format defines what you have to do, and the most important thing about it is the amount of time you have. Depending on the length of your essay, you should get more or fewer sources of information. Stick to high-value, reliable sources – you almost certainly won’t have enough word count to refer to everything you find, so make sure the sources you do mention can serve as hard evidence that does not need further backing up. You can find sources using academic databases and search engines like EBSCO, JSTOR or ProQuest.
Speeches are short and rely on your ability to remember them and reconstruct them from memory. Therefore, they are even more reliant on structure and planning than other academic assignments. You not only have to fit everything you want to say into a very strict word count, but also make its structure intuitive enough to rebuild it effortlessly on the go.
Prepare an outline. A typical structure of a speech is this:
Divide the speech into parts and jot down how much time you can spend on each of them. Write down what you will mention in each part and how you will connect them.
A speech is primarily an oral message, and oral speech is different from written text. Your speech should sound like an address to the audience, not as reading from a book. Therefore, write the way you normally talk:
In business studies, it is especially important to back your words up with facts and statistics and not with vague appeals to the audience. Make the audience understand that you know what you are talking about and are familiar with background information.
Human brain is hard-wired to pay attention to stories and process them better than abstract facts. Backing your points up with cases from your experience lends you credibility and makes it easier for the audience to follow you.
Post-writing work on a speech is different from most other academic assignments because speeches are not exactly writing tasks – they are evaluated based on how well you deliver them. Therefore, formal aspects like formatting, spelling, grammar and suchlike are of secondary importance (unless you have to submit your speech in written form as well).
Do you fit into the allotted time comfortably? Tweak the length of the speech. Either cut a few inconsequential phrases or add a little if there is enough space left. After you manage to finish talking on time, memorize the speech and see if you can repeat this feat without looking at the text.
Few things in this world are more pathetic and uninspiring than a person reading his/her speech aloud. Do not expect to be allowed to do it, and even if it is an option, do not do it anyway. When delivering a speech, you have to maintain eye contact with the audience, they should feel that you speak to them, not at them. Therefore, memorize your speech, but do not rely on your memory too much, even if the speech is just a few minutes long. You can stumble at the worst possible moment, and have to prepare for it.
Speaker notes are a collection of reminders you can glance at every now and then to make sure you did not forget anything and proceed as planned. They should contain only the basics, each point expressed in a couple of words – you will not have time to read more in the middle of a speech.
For example, a couple of friends, preferably with backgrounds similar to that of your future audience. Ask them if your speech appear logical and persuasive. Pay attention to their suggestions – you are likely to miss some things that are obvious for outside observers.
Unless you submit the text of your speech, your spelling and even grammar are not that important – you are going to deliver the speech to an audience, and spoken word has different standards, allowing for certain irregularities. However, you still should reread, edit and proofread the text – not for spelling mistakes, but for gaps in your argument, leaps of logic and suchlike. Carefully read your speech and ask yourself if everything works as intended.
Most business speeches presuppose the use of visual elements (slides, video, etc.). They make it easier to draw the audience’s attention and focus it on specific points of your speech. There are many amateur and professional presentation tools: PowerPoint, Google Slides and many others. Which one to use is mostly a question of personal preference, but you should be aware of your tool’s capabilities and limitations before you start out.
As you can see, preparing a speech is not as hard as one may believe it to be. Follow these guidelines, and you will complete yours in no time! | <urn:uuid:f21a4683-b205-44ac-b9ef-ef47b67a3337> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://howtowrite.customwritings.com/post/business-studies-speech-guide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.965919 | 1,808 | 2.71875 | 3 |
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ORIGIN, PREVENTIVE MEASURES AND VACCINE OF COVID-19: A REVIEW
*Amit Gangwar and Pushpendra Kannojia
COVID-19 is a newer and serious viral infection causing agent which is contagious. According to the W.H.O., the first known case was found in Hubai Province, Wuhan City in China. In India the first known positive case was reported in Kerala. Till date, total 62,662,181 cases are reported worldwide. It spreads very rapidly with symptoms like common cold, fever, breathing difficulty etc. Many countries have given their own guidelines to prevent or control this virus. Now, almost every country has launched their vaccine and started vaccination too. Covaxin is India's native COVID-19 immunization Bharat Biotech is created in a joint effort with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute of Virology (NIV). This native, inactivated immunization is created and produced in Bharat Biotech's BSL-3 (Bio-Safety Level 3) high regulation office. Few serious side effects have been reported in some of the individuals but most of persons found normal and healthy.[Full Text Article] | <urn:uuid:1ca6b7d8-4c10-4603-8cd6-234afaec4345> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wjahr.com/home/article_abstract/681 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.940648 | 327 | 2.375 | 2 |
Stress is an unavoidable, entirely necessary factor in our day to day lives. No one is immune to stress, but people have varied responses to managing and coping with stress. Let’s hash this stress thing out.
Stress can be positive.
Preparing for a job interview, getting married, upcoming public speaking etc., are all examples of good stress or “eustress”. Good stress provides a positive spin off. It creates excitement in our lives, provides problems we can solve, and gives us great satisfaction when we are able to take actions to overcome these problems. Good stress doesn’t pose a long-term threat; it presents situations that are surmountable and offers very positive results on our health after the challenge has been overcome. People describe feelings of euphoria, relaxation and calm, in response to the end of a stressful event. Good stress is something we should welcome in life.
Stress can be negative.
Negative stress can be defined as a life situation for which you feel threatened or helpless, leaving feelings of loss of control or being trapped with no solution. Long-term relationship difficulties, chronic illness and grief are examples of negative stress, that is, stress which we cannot easily overcome on our own. Negative stress often leads to physical and psychological health concerns. Statistics cite that between 70 and 80 percent of visits to the doctor are stress related! This physiological response to stress can manifest in many ways, including heart disease, memory problems, irritability, depression, anxiety, digestive problems, insomnia and many more.
So what the heck do we do about stress?
Take time to look at the stressful conditions in your life, and evaluate your reaction to these situations. We can choose how to react. Keep yourself busy and active, exercise, pay attention to good nutrition, and participate in stress free hobbies or activities to help you to get your mind off your worries. After you’ve done all of that, if your stress is still overwhelming, reach to family, a trusted friend, or your doctor. There are excellent services available to help you to cope, react and overcome. Your WorkBC Employment Coach is a good place to ask for assistance, and organizations such as Canadian Mental Health Association offer excellent services to help you to cope with the pressures of life.
”When I look back on all these worries, I remember the story of the old man who said on his deathbed that he had had a lot of trouble in his life, most of which had never happened.”
– Winston Churchill | <urn:uuid:1e1dc7b5-f8b3-460a-81f5-941fbb03c8b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pierspartners.ca/stress/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.957915 | 520 | 2.53125 | 3 |
•Says It’s Responsible For Epidemics Of Sudden Deaths
Nigerian Medical Association (NMA) has attributed epidemics of sudden deaths associated with heart attacks to consumption of industrially produced Trans-Fatty Acids (TFAs) are toxic chemicals.
The apex body of medical doctors therefore called for the elimination of industrially produced Trans-Fatty Acids (TFAs) from Nigeria’s food supply by banning Partially Hydrogenated Oils or setting strict limits on TFAs in food in line with international best practices.
According to NMA, sudden deaths is traceable to CVD have continuously swollen the epidemic proportions and figures of NCDs around the globe and in Nigeria.
In Nigeria, CVD accounts for seven per cent of deaths annually, with NCDs as a whole causing 24 per cent of total deaths. One diet-related factor that contributes heavily to the incidence of CVD is industrially-produced TFA. Industrially-produced TFA is a toxic chemical that increases the risk of heart attack and death, causing 540,000 deaths annually across the globe. This is Nigeria’s chance to deal significantly with an easily preventable risk factor for CVD.
In a press statement signed and made available to DAILY INDEPENDENT Tuesday in Lagos, by Dr Francis Faduyile and Olumuyiwa Odusote, the President and Secretary-General respectively, stated that many countries have demonstrated that eliminating industrially produced TFAs alone can reverse the epidemic proportions of CVD and lower the overall mortality indices of NCDs.
The statement noted that the need to urgently and totally eliminate industrially produced TFAs in all products in the Nigeria food supply cannot be overstressed.
It further said that doing otherwise will mean consequent endorsement of the deaths of more than 18 million people each year from cardiovascular diseases (CVD), despite the availability of effective, inexpensive, and safe prevention and treatment.
The elimination of TFAs has been shown to have substantial health benefits. Several countries have already instituted TFA policies and seen positive results. Prior to the elimination of industrially-produced TFA in Denmark, the CVD mortality rate was 441.5 deaths per 100,000 people. Following the implementation of the ban in 2004, the CVD mortality rate has fallen to 14.2 deaths per 100,000 people.
“Evidence shows that industrially-produced TFAs can be eliminated from food supply chains with little to no disruption to the public or to the food industry.
“Industrially-produced TFAs can be replaced with healthier alternatives without altering taste or increasing cost.”
NMA therefore encouraged NAFDAC to take this opportunity to eliminate industrially-produced TFAs from all products in the Nigerian food supply chain by strengthening the Draft 2018 Fats & Oils Regulation Policy by banning partially hydrogenated oils in the Nigerian food supply chain – including all domestic and imported products that already include industrially-produced TFAs.
According to the statement, “Doing so will not only save lives, bring health benefits to Nigerian citizens, but also showcase the Agency as a responsive institution of Government that is alive to its responsibilities. It will also be a showpiece of Nigeria’s leadership in public health decision making for the rest of the world especially in the developing regions.
It would be recalled the World Health Organisation (WHO) called on countries to eliminate industrially-produced trans-fatty acids (TFAs) from the global food supply, and released an action package called REPLACE that includes policy recommendations and interventions for governments to pursue.
“Backed by scientific evidence and examples of successful TFAs regulation in different countries, the WHO recommends one of two policy pathways.
First is banning the use of partially hydrogenated oils, the source of industrially produced TFAs, in all foods or setting limits on the amount of industrially-produced TFAs to no more than two per cent of the total fat content in all foods.
“It will be recalled that NAFDAC had duly begun the process of reviewing the 2005 Fats & Oils Regulation and has published the Draft 2018 edition of the Fats & Oils Regulation.
“The agency had asked the Nigerian public for contributory memos to enrich the process and content of the review efforts that will produce the 2018 Fats & Oils Regulation in Nigeria.”
NMA however commended this timely effort of the agency which aligns with the global efforts and paradigm shift to narrow the spectrum of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases which have continued to swell the epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) around the globe by eliminating industrially produced TFAs from all food supplies.
NMA recognises this as an important step forward in improving the diets and health outcomes of Nigerians and a turning point for Nigeria to join the comity of nations which has successfully eliminated the production, importation, distribution and consumption of industrially produced TFAs from their food supply.
As a responsive and responsible custodian of the health of the Nigerian people; the NMA, in response to the WHO directive summarised in the REPLACE strategy, has put together a pragmatic phased agenda.
The strategy is tagged; ‘Improving the Cardiovascular-health of Nigerians Project’ (The ICON Project) and serves as a veritable platform to engage all stakeholders and mobilise support for NAFDAC and by extension Nigeria to defeat the monster of TFAs and other related risk factors implicated in cardiovascular diseases.
The ICON Project provides a unique opportunity to also address other public health challenges posed by the consumption of industrially-produced TFAs. | <urn:uuid:535e8a54-27f4-4142-83e0-7224e2617a78> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.chiomaumeha.com/2018/11/nma-seeks-elimination-of-trans-fatty.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.946867 | 1,194 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Debi Traub considers her mother Frieda Traub her best friend and cannot imagine life without her.
Once a week, Debi posts a new picture of her mom on her Facebook page and frequently shares her parents’ story of surviving the Holocaust with anyone who asks. Her parents hid in an attic in Poland for a number of years with Debi’s uncle and an older brother, who was an infant at the time.
Simon Traub, Debi’s father, died in 2006 and her mother has lived in the Don Mills home with the help of personal support workers ever since.
Debi said her mother’s fighting spirit defines who she is today and is determined to see Frieda celebrate her 100th birthday in November. However, the past month has certainly been a challenge for the 99-year-old North York great-grandmother.
“It’s extremely frustrating. I feel that the system failed her and sometimes I feel that I tried everything and I didn’t do enough to prevent this,” said Debi, explaining how her mother became ill with COVID-19 earlier in April after one of her personal support workers, who was hesitant about getting the vaccine, got sick, came to work and unknowingly spread the virus to Frieda.
In January, Debi registered her mother for the in-home vaccination program for people who are homebound and anxiously waited for word that someone would be coming to give her a shot. She said her mother already qualifies for the annual influenza vaccine program, which sees paramedics visit vulnerable seniors in their homes, since Frieda is considered palliative.
Although Frienda had her flu vaccine in January, the COVID vaccination never came.
“As time went on, I basically kept calling weekly to both LHIN (the Local Health Integration Network) and to her Mount Sinai hospital palliative team and they just kept saying to me, ‘We don’t know when this is going to happen,’ and my biggest fear was not that she was going out, but that people were coming in,” said Debi.
“That’s the issue with most homebound patients, they have care in the home. My mother has 24-hour care and personal support workers who look after her.”
The irony is that had Debi’s mother gone into a long-term care home, something she said her mother never wanted, she would have gotten the shot.
“I kept saying to my family, ‘I’m so happy I made that promise to keep her home and safe,’ but she wasn’t safe,” explained Debi.
The family has since hired private nursing staff and has set up a make-shift hospital room inside Frieda’s home complete in the hope she will recover.
“When it comes to my mom, there are no limits. She has been on a rollercoaster ride since she was diagnosed. She’s been bed-ridden, she’s had oxygen delivered to the house, she’s been on oxygen and an IV,” said Debi.
Dr. Samir Sinha, the director of geriatrics at Sinai Health and the University Health Network, led advocacy for seniors over the age of 70 to be prioritized for vaccinations in phase one. He told Global News he feels terrible for seniors like Frieda who are still waiting to be vaccinated.
He said the issue is not only the supply of the Moderna vaccination, which is best suited to in-home vaccinations since it travels well, but also a lack of vaccinations.
Sinha said roughly 6,000 seniors in Toronto have been registered for in-home COVID-19 vaccinations. But Toronto Public Health reported only around 2,300 people have gotten a shot.
“This is the tragedy of the vaccination rollout that unfortunately, for some people, has been too slow,” he said.
Meanwhile, Debi said see continues to visit her mother in full personal protective equipment. She said she is hopeful Frieda will get better soon and someone will call to deliver the news she’s been waiting for, that the COVID-19 vaccination is on its way.
“I did get some news today from her palliative care doctor. She said that Sunnybrook hospital might be rolling out a program to the palliative care team at Mount Sinai, which would enable those doctors to vaccinate homebound patients on their own,” said Debi.
“If she does get a visit from her doctor, she may be getting the vaccine in the next few weeks.” | <urn:uuid:b8428eba-9251-4d30-84d9-13184827eeed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.flyingeze.com/blog/covid-in-home-vaccination-toronto | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.983093 | 973 | 1.625 | 2 |
Have you ever heard about the Nano satellites by the company Skyrora and how beneficial they are for our environment? Variations in glacial change are the key indicators of regional climate change. The regulation of water balance is often controlled by glacial change and movement. In global warming conditions, glaciers degrade and recede, which is expressed in the related changes in sea levels. Monitoring glacial melting is imperative to studies concerning ocean level changes. In a nutshell, they control the process of glaciers melting and assists the scientists whose aim is to prevent glaciers from melting and Earth from global warming. | <urn:uuid:a9233889-05cd-4a6a-a03e-cf534dde08ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://forums.space.com/threads/the-nano-satellite-that-can-help-us-save-the-earth.36553/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.93837 | 117 | 3.0625 | 3 |
In their recent article in The Conversation, Stefan Schutt and Rebecca Ng Lye Ee of Victoria University, AU, discuss the fact that significant numbers of youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are highly interested in computers. However, little is known about the ways kids with ASD use technology to navigate the challenges of social norms. In an attempt to discover how technology may be used to foster self-worth and promote social connections and interactions, Victoria University researchers became involved in The Lab. The Lab is a network of “technology clubs” that connects school-aged learners with ASD with IT mentors and peers in after-school settings. Similar to “third places” observed by Ray Oldenburg in the 1980s, ideas and thoughts meet to produce new knowledge at The Lab. It provides an opportunity for the types of interaction that may help young people with ASD to develop social skills, which are critical for youth with ASD to experience lifelong positive outcomes.
To learn more about this unique approach to technological usage and social setting creation for the long term benefit of young people with ASD, click here.
with thanks to Sue Fletcher-Watson | <urn:uuid:2338b4a6-584f-4414-8cd3-7cb4cebbc5ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beta-project.org/en/youth-with-asd-make-social-connections-at-the-lab/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.953056 | 231 | 3.640625 | 4 |
Around 30% of people are thought to carry the parasite often caught from a common domestic pet.
People with impulsive anger problems could have a parasite in their brain, a new study suggests.
Those who continually display behaviours like road-rage could be infected with a common parasite rather than having a psychological disorder.
Around 30% of people are thought to carry the toxoplasma gondii parasite — it is often present in, and caught from, cat faeces.
Professor Emil Coccaro, who led the research said:
“Our work suggests that latent infection with the toxoplasma gondii parasite may change brain chemistry in a fashion that increases the risk of aggressive behavior.
However, we do not know if this relationship is causal, and not everyone that tests positive for toxoplasmosis will have aggression issues.”
The conclusions come from a study of 358 adults.
The results showed that people with ‘intermittent explosive disorder’ (that’s rage issues to you and me!) were twice as likely to test positive for the toxoplasma gondii parasite in comparison to a healthy control group (22% versus 9%).
Across all the people in the study, those who tested positive for the toxoplasma gondii parasite had significantly higher levels of aggression and anger.
Dr Royce Lee, a study co-author, said:
“Correlation is not causation, and this is definitely not a sign that people should get rid of their cats.
We don’t yet understand the mechanisms involved–it could be an increased inflammatory response, direct brain modulation by the parasite, or even reverse causation where aggressive individuals tend to have more cats or eat more undercooked meat.
Our study signals the need for more research and more evidence in humans.
Professor Coccaro said:
“It will take experimental studies to see if treating a latent toxoplasmosis infection with medication reduces aggressiveness.
If we can learn more, it could provide rational to treat IED in toxoplasmosis-positive patients by first treating the latent infection.”
The study was published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (Coccaro et al., 2016). | <urn:uuid:c71bd789-11a7-47f1-943c-94d1e628008d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://healthierlife.ca/index.php/2017/09/21/rage-disorder-linked-to-common-parasite-carried-by-30-of-people/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.942982 | 458 | 2.828125 | 3 |
As you rush back to blow off the workout cobwebs; do so with caution.
Your body doesn’t like change.
It doesn’t like quick increases (or decreases) in load. At a cellular level (and too complex for this blog!) collagen and elastin density changes, blood cell population is altered and nerve firing patterns change.
How does this affect your spin/ pump/ HIIT etc class?
Over the last 6 months (or so) we have all been out of our usual routines. For some, there has been an increase in exercise as we have found ourselves with more time but for the majority the type of exercise has significantly changed.
Now we are allowed back into our regular routine. But should we go back?
It is important to get back to the gym; run group or outdoor training. The mental health benefits have been proven again and again. A break from home schooling and working from home is essential.
Physically lets get back to setting goals, building strength and improving function. But lets do it safely.
Give your body time to adapt once again to the demands of your exercise routine. Start at around 50% load to what you were doing.
The definition of load is not just number of sessions but also includes intensity of sessions, rest between sessions and within sessions. For example if you were running 10km x 3/wk and haven’t been running at all during COVD lockdown this week you should return with the aim of running 5km x3/wk with a run/walk program. Run 5mins; walk 1min.
Have an active rest day, before repeating the SAME program. During the 3rd session we will increase the load, but by no more than 20% (ideally 10%). This could be that you reduce your walking by 20%, increase your run time by 20% or increase your level of effort while running by 20% BUT NOT ALL 3!
As we have discussed in previous blogs stretching is important and should be done AFTER your sessions. Focus instead on an active warm up before (and make it specific to the activity you are about to undertake).
If you are carrying a COVID related cleaning injury, “Netflix neck” or want some advise to help you return to sport and exercise without injury… call us on 8544 8484. | <urn:uuid:53228454-eae2-4f93-9d86-a97eb15613e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lifestylephysiocronulla.com.au/blog/gyms-are-open-easing-back-into-exercise/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.953553 | 485 | 1.757813 | 2 |
At least as sickening as the sight of the devastation wrought by the bombs in London last month was the sight of British prime minister Tony Blair taking a sanctimoniously moral tone while trying to spin the bombings to serve his own political agenda. It is not only that his outrage is hard to take from a man who has been shown to have lied to his own people to justify supporting the US’s murderous invasion of Iraq; it is also that he should use the suffering inflicted by bombings provoked by his own policies to justify those policies. He insists that the war in Iraq does not “justify” the bombings; but that is not the point. The point is that Iraq largely explains them, however unjustified they may have been. Fortunately many in Britain are sceptical about his claim that the bombings have nothing to do with Iraq, but, remarkably, they continue to support a man they openly distrust.
Many in Britain are particularly shocked by the fact that the bombings have been carried out by British Muslims who have been born and brought up sharing the freedoms of their democratic society and state. While most Muslims in Britain have undoubtedly shared the general shock and condemnation of the bombings, they have also tried to explain why many Muslims find it difficult to share their fellow citizens’ rosy view of British democracy and society. For their part, many Muslims cannot understand how other British people can fail to see how Britain is viewed in the rest of the world, and how people who are so cynical about the state of politics in their own country can expect others to view it positively. Blair speaks of an “evil ideology” driving the bombers to attack Britain, as though they could not possibly have any other reason for doing so. It is remarkable that many non-Muslim Britons cannot see the much more simple reasons why many Muslims in the world might want to attack their country.
The problem is that the attitudes of most people in Britain are coloured by a number of basic assumptions that are fundamentally untrue. One is the assumption that Britain’s status as a democracy gives moral legitimacy to whatever its governments may do. There is absolutely no logic to that; an illegal and murderous war is just as illegal and murderous when conducted by a democratically elected government. Nor does the fact that the British public re-elected Blair in this year’s elections, despite his many and recognised sins, (or that the US public re-elected Bush, for that matter) absolve him orBritain of responsibility for his actions. Such assumptions might be convenient for Britons who sometimes worry about their own responsibility for Blair’s crimes, but can hardly be expected to convince the victims of those crimes.
The second assumption is that imperialism is a thing of the past, and in particular that democracies cannot be imperialists because they are supposedly concerned for the rights of ordinary people wherever they may be. This too is a fallacy easily disproved but very hard for Westerners to get past, again probably because its acceptance would challenge their comfortable and uncomplicated view of themselves and their place in the world. Yet many debates about the West’s role in the world are shot through with imperialistic assumptions and language, the modern equivalents of the “white man’s burden” and the West’s right to dominate and exploit the rest of the world. Intellectuals talk of neo-imperialism and liberal empire; one of the leading British analyses of American foreign policy over recent decades, by the historian Niall Ferguson, of Oxford University, is called Colossus: the Price of America’s Empire. But somehow these discourses and understandings have absolutely no impact on how ordinary people understand the world they live in. Nor do they help people to understand how others may see the world, and in particular the role of powers like the US and Britain in it. In particular, the simple truth that victims of imperialism always fight back is somehow beyond popular comprehension.
That is the simple reality of much of the disorder in the world today: that Muslims in particular are determined to liberate their countries from Western domination and exploitation, and to achieve the freedom to run their own societies according to their own values and principles, primarily those of Islam. It is the fact that Western powers are determined to maintain their hegemony over the Muslim world, and have repeatedly shown their willingness to be as brutal and ruthless as necessary to protect their interests, that draws the wrath of their victims down on Western countries. The fact that the individual perpetrators of the bombings may have been British-born and -bred does not change the fact that they were part of a global Ummah with legitimate grievances.
Nothing justifies the bombings in London on July 7. British Muslims are as appalled by them as other British people. But the explanations are not hard to find, and must be confronted if such atrocities are to be averted in future. But Blair’s determination to ignore the explanations for the bombings, and instead use them to justify his foreign policy, makes virtually inevitable more such tragedies in the future. | <urn:uuid:5c1dd24e-95f4-4fb5-8df1-9ddbd2b03bf5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://crescent.icit-digital.org/articles/democracy-imperialism-and-terrorism-in-the-west | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.976898 | 1,018 | 2.015625 | 2 |
The following description was taken from the R01 version of this FOA:
It has been well established that environmental exposures, to common and hazardous pollutants, contribute to the development of many human illnesses including asthma, cancers such as breast and lung, Parkinson’s disease, and reproductive disorders in both men and women. The possible association between environmental pollutant exposure and obesity continues to be investigated. Research has led to the development of prevention strategies; health and safety guidelines; and potential treatments for asthma, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, cancer, and other environmentally-related diseases. A growing body of research evidence supports the role of indoor and outdoor pollutants in aggravating chronic diseases such as asthma and allergic-type reactions, and suggests that these pollutants have a role in the development of diseases, and symptoms associated with disease(s), and increases in health care costs. Environmental factors have also been associated with an increased number of children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), autism, and developmental impairment. Chemical stressors may be considered as single chemicals, or as mixtures and aggregates as may be found in consumer products used by children and environments and microenvironments frequented by children. Non-chemical stressors include mediating and modifying factors such as economic deprivation, discrimination, poverty, lack of health care, fear of crime, diet and nutrition, physical activity, psychosocial factors, and the design of the built environment (e.g., settings: home, school, and play areas) from birth through young adulthood. Non-chemical stressors, social and cultural factors, and settings cannot be considered alone, but they may be included as modifier variables to the primary environmental stressor(s). Mathematical models that incorporate children and older adult susceptibility to environmental health hazards are scant and must continue to be developed. Developing and comparing interventions aimed at reducing environmental health risks and symptoms through research focused on treatment or prevention strategies to determine interventions that are most effective in “real-world” settings, is also important in expanding the knowledge base and improving health. Interventions aimed at reducing environmental risks and symptoms in individuals, families, or communities are starting to be supported. However, few of these interventions have been examined in a systematic way and most have not been evaluated relative to cost analysis.
There is evidence that air pollution, allergens, and environmental toxic exposures are associated with adverse health consequences in adults, and especially older adults. For example, the first American Heart Association report (2004) concluded that short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution contributes to acute cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and long-term exposure reduces life expectancy. Moreover, the World Health Organization (WHO) stated that over the last 10 years, there has been a substantial increase in findings that particular matter pollution is not only exerting a greater impact on established health endpoints, but is also associated with a broader number of disease outcomes. A growing body of scientific evidence has linked fine PM (>2.5 µm) (PM2.5), particulates derived chiefly from combustion processes in transportation, manufacturing, and power generation, with increased risk of respiratory and allergic diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, chronic rhinitis and cardiovascular disorders such as stroke, cardiac arrhythmia, heart failure exacerbation, and myocardial infraction. Ultrafine particulates (UFPs) (<0.1 µm, gaseous co-pollutants), particulates found in ozone, nitrogen oxides (NO2) and pollutants (e.g., traffic), have been linked to increased blood pressure, prothrombotic and coagulant changes, systemic inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, endothelial vasoconstriction and dysfunction, and autonomic imbalance and progression to atherosclerosis. Relative to fine PM (> 2.5), UFPs more readily penetrate indoors, are transported over longer distances, and tend to be more uniform within communities, resulting in highly ubiquitous exposure. As researchers and scientists become more sensitive to the need to focus studies on common and/or hazardous environmental pollutants, consideration must also be given to the unequal distribution of exposure within the population as well as understudied settings where exposure occurs.
Young children are likely to be more susceptible than older children and adults to environmental toxins, pollutants, and chemical exposures because of their immature organ development, rapid physical development, greater surface-to-volume ratios, higher metabolic and ventilation rates, and greater and different physical activities/behaviors. For very young children (i.e., those attending day care and pre-school), environmental risks may also occur because they often explore new objects through a variety of senses including taste which adds additional threats from plastics and the leaching of phthalates. Risk assessment of inhaled toxicants has typically focused on adults, with modeling used to extrapolate dosimetry and risks from lab animals to humans. However, behavioral factors such as time spent playing outdoors and/or having closer proximity to the ground may lead to greater exposure to inhaled and systemic toxicants in children. Research demonstrates that depending on the inhaled agent and the age and size of the child, children may receive a greater internal dose than adults because of greater ventilation rate per body weight or lung surface area. Also, metabolic differences may result in different tissue burdens. Other research has demonstrated that there may be child-adult dosimetry differences for inhaled toxicants that are systemically absorbed. Thus, modeling techniques need to be adapted to children in order to estimate inhaled and systemic dose and risk in this potentially susceptible life stage.
While it is recognized that individuals age differently, gradual changes in cardiovascular and circulatory (e.g., rigidity and dilation of the blood vessels; fibrosis in the conduction system; alteration in cell oxygenation processes); pulmonary (e.g., increased rigidity of the thorax and diaphragm; decreased numbers of alveoli and diffusion ability; decreased strength in breathing/coughing); hematologic (e.g., altered antigen-antibody responses, decreased leukocyte production), immune (decreased T and B cells, slowed immune reaction); inflammatory systems (e.g., alterations in the inflammatory immune cascade; and decline in macrophages, neutrophils and phagocytic activity) in older adults results in increased vulnerability to environmental exposures/pollutants and toxins. These age-related system alterations are further compromised in older adulthood when co-morbid conditions exist. In addition to the above aging system changes, older adults are often unmarried, living alone, have limited informal support, and experience more physical and mental health problems than their age peers who live in traditional home settings. In addition, older adult residents living in low-income housing are particularly vulnerable because they have lower income, may be less educated, suffer more functional impairments, encounter higher levels of stress, relocate more frequently, have higher rates of tobacco and alcohol use, and experience more physical and mental health problems. There is a growing body of research examining the relationship between environmental pollutants and their impact on older adults. However, little research has examined the effects of exposure in non-traditional settings where a growing number of older adults spend their time and/or live.
Regardless of a person’s age, setting/building environmentally-induced health-related symptoms and disorders are multifactorial in origin. Factors for consideration must include building characteristics (e.g., age of the building, water damage and dampness, mold growth and airborne mold spores, and dusts), dose and number of days of environmental exposure, routes of exposure, and current health status (e.g., those with asthma, allergies, or who have immunocompromised health conditions have higher prevalence of building and environmentally-related health symptoms and illness). Because of the increased vulnerability faced by children and older adults to different routes and sources of exposure and levels and length of exposure to environmental risks it is important to gain a more in-depth understanding of: 1) the relationship between environmental exposure factors, symptoms, and health outcomes, and 2) effective strategies that minimize or eliminate environmental health-related risks in children and older adults who spend time or live in non-traditional settings.
As this FOA focuses on pre-school and school-age children it is intended to include healthy children, children with known acute and/or chronic diseases, and vulnerable children including those with disabilities. The intended focus on older adults includes healthy older adults, older adults with chronic illnesses and those with developmental disabilities. This FOA is not intended to focus on research with healthy/unhealthy adults in the workplace or living in traditional settings. For children and older adults, locations include, but are not limited to places such as community centers, pre-school and non-traditional school environments (e.g., churches, daycare, home-based schools, dormitories, alternative schools, and playgrounds), child and older adult foster care facilities, older adult day care facilities, half-way homes, assisted living and long-term care facilities. Specific areas of research interest for this interdisciplinary collaborative research include, but are not limited to, the areas listed below.
NINR examples of topics of interest in the area of wellness, self-management, and symptom-management:
- Address the possible mechanisms by which environmental risks/exposures cause, modulate, or potentiate already existing conditions
- Develop studies conducted in non-traditional settings that evaluate critical windows of susceptibility to environmental pollutants that result in exacerbating or reducing health conditions and their associated symptoms
- Develop mathematical and microsimulation models based on non-traditional settings that incorporate children and older adult susceptibility to environmental health hazards and contaminants and their relationship to symptoms and symptom management
- Develop new technologies, or use existing ones for early biomarkers of symptoms resulting from exposure to environmental pollutants and toxins to test efficacy of approaches to manage symptoms
- Characterize life stage specific environmental exposures (chemical and non-chemical), and related outcomes: in settings of greatest importance for children’s exposures (such as homes, child care centers, schools, and playgrounds) and development of strategies to reduce or prevent adverse exposures in those settings
NINR examples of topics of interest in the area of exposure assessment research:
- Examine the relationship between environmental factors/agents in understudied and non-traditional settings that result in the development of symptoms of acute and chronic disorders/diseases including quality of life
- Develop exposure assessment models for risk levels specific to non-traditional settings
- Develop interventions or adapt existing interventions from other settings to reduce exposure to environmental pollution and toxin exposures in non-traditional settings
- Examine environment exposure and dose-responses of children and older adults in the development of illness and/or disease and their related symptoms
- Examine the effects of known determinants of health (e.g., demographic, socioeconomic, geographic and rural verses urban) on non-traditional environment exposure(s) and health outcomes of children and/or older adults
- Conduct research on different approaches to reduce and/or eliminate environmental risks and symptoms for children and older adults living or spending large amounts of time in non-traditional settings
NIEHS will continue to support and facilitate integrated fundamental, clinical, laboratory, and public health science and examples of topics of interest:
- Identify the harmful influences of environmental exposures and changing environments as well as the protective and nurturing impact of healthy environments on normal physiological function of organs and systems of the fetus/child during gestation/childhood/adolescence
- Determine the mechanisms of vulnerability to environmental stressors of the fetus and young child at all stages of early development
- Consider children’s health from a holistic perspective where the impact of complex environmental exposures may be exacerbated by non-chemical stressors encountered in community settings.
NIEHS will continue to support research that:
- Support chemical stressors that may be considered as single chemicals, or as mixtures and aggregates as may be found in consumer products used by children and environments and microenvironments frequented by children
- Support non-chemical stressors include mediating and modifying factors such as economic deprivation, discrimination, poverty, lack of health care, fear of crime, diet and nutrition, physical activity, psychosocial factors, and the design of the built environment (e.g., settings: home, school, play areas) from birth through young adulthood
- Non-chemical stressors, social and cultural factors, and settings cannot be considered alone, but they may be included as modifier variables to the primary environmental stressor(s)
- Characterization of life stage specific environmental exposures (chemical and non-chemical), and related outcomes:
- In settings of greatest importance for children’s exposures (such as homes, child care centers, schools, and playgrounds) and development of strategies to reduce or prevent adverse exposures in those settings
Deadlines: standard dates and standard AIDS dates apply
- R01 – https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-18-142.html
- R21 – https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-18-160.html
Filed Under: Funding Opportunities | <urn:uuid:51619bf5-0033-437b-ab2e-7ddfed5df47b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.med.virginia.edu/deansoffice/2017/11/nih-environmental-exposures-and-health-exploration-of-non-traditional-settings-r01-r21-clinical-trial-optional/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.941499 | 2,726 | 2.953125 | 3 |
The Spiral Principle is a new concept in magic that allows you to perform miracles with a borrowed deck of cards. Imagine having a spectator shuffle, freely select a card then lose it back into the deck. Without doing anything you instantly know what their card is and it's location in the deck. Included in the Download are 5 killer effects that would not be possible without the spiral principle including N.A.C, a hands off ACAAN with a twist that you have to see to believe. Once you learn The Spiral Principle your card magic will NEVER be the same again.
Beyond is the most stunning 'Out Of This World' you will ever see. Imagine showing a mixed up deck of cards and then having two audience members separate the red's from the black's without ever looking at the faces. The performer NEVER touches the cards and the whole routine is self working.
- No packet switches
- No Rough and Smooth
- Uses a regular deck - No gimmicks
- The magician genuinely never touches the deck
- Very easy to do | <urn:uuid:0db51da9-85ff-4bf6-a096-aa90af571af9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://teamjbhobbies.com/products/spiral-principle-and-beyond-by-stephen-leathwaite-and-world-magic-shop-video-download | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.936938 | 214 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Have you ever given thought to mushrooms, besides whether you want them served with your breakfast? It turns out that fungi are a bit of a phenomenon in the natural world; from “eating” plastic to absorbing carbon dioxide, they can seemingly do it all.
After watching the Netflix documentary, “Fantastic Fungi“, which we recently reviewed as part of our Green Tomatoes series, here are some of the weird and wonderful ways that mushrooms are being used to fight climate change.
Some mushrooms “eat” plastic, which can help to mitigate the waste crisis. In fact, the mushroom called Aspergillus tubingensis has the ability to grow directly on the surface of plastic and naturally break it down.
Since 2017, at least 50 species of these plastic-munching mushrooms have been discovered. This opens up exciting opportunities for these mushrooms to tackle the ever-growing waste problem around the world. However, scaling the technology to the level needed would be extremely expensive.
Fabric can be made from mushrooms’ lattice-like “roots” called mycelium, which are carbon-negative, water-proof and can be dyed in any colour naturally. Its production requires no fertilisers and very little water, making it an excellent environmentally friendly alternative. A cotton T-shirt typically requires over 3,200 litres of water, while a dress made from a type of mycelium fabric requires just 12!
Mycelium-based fabric can be made to be as hard as enamel or as soft as a sponge, depending on the amount of light, humidity and temperature, making it an incredibly versatile textile. It’s naturally antimicrobial too, making it incredibly sanitary. Brands like Hermes and Lululemon have already announced introducing mushroom-leather into their collections, so stay tuned for more brands to follow suit.
Protecting other plants
Mushrooms can be used in forestry, where they kill sickness in other plants, because they live off the bacteria that negatively impacts other plants. Also, the mycelia in mushrooms help plants grow bigger and stronger, by helping their roots reach water and nutrients further down in the soil.
You can use mushrooms in your herb gardens to encourage quicker growth; research has shown that tomato plants grown with certain mushrooms make the tomato-plants bigger and produce more fruit!
Cleaning up pollution
As mentioned, mushrooms’ mycelium system helps to “anchor” soil and in doing so, helps the mushroom grow and find food and water. Remarkably, these mycelium can also cleanse pollutants from soil and water!
Since the mycelium is used to find nutrients and won’t stop until there are none left, it can eat its way through systems that are bad for the environment. For example, it can be put into a lake to clear up algae, or used in oil spills to break down hydrocarbons. Incredibly, mycelium also has the ability to absorb vast amounts of carbon dioxide, making it a novel although potentially life-saving solution for tackling climate change.
If you haven’t yet watched “Fantastic Fungi,” we highly recommend doing so. Read our review for more information and stay tuned for more green film reviews coming up! | <urn:uuid:7442c82b-0c12-49c7-aad2-5e971511bbc5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.8shades.com/mighty-mushrooms-how-fungi-fight-plastic-pollution/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.94406 | 692 | 3.078125 | 3 |
HydrogenaseHydrogenases use unusual metal ions to split hydrogen gas
Hydrogen gas is an unusual substance. Normally, it is stable and must be coaxed with powerful catalysts to enter into chemical reactions. But when mixed with oxygen, a tiny spark will set off an explosive chain reaction. Hydrogen gas holds great promise to be the greenest of green energy sources. It has many advantages: compared with many fuels, it releases a lot of energy for its weight, and the reaction forms only energy and pure water. It has substantial disadvantages, however. It is dangerous to store, and it is difficult to perform the reaction in a controlled, non-explosive manner. Currently, the fuel cells being developed for use in hydrogen-powered vehicles use costly platinum catalysts to perform this reaction. Researchers are now looking to nature for other alternatives.
Enzymes that split hydrogen gas have evolved at least three separate times in the history of life on the Earth. These enzymes are used either to split hydrogen gas for use as energy, or to create hydrogen gas as a product of their reaction. Three examples are shown here. At the top is a nickel-iron hydrogenase (PDB entry 2frv ), in the center is an iron-iron hydrogenase (PDB entry 1feh ), and at the bottom is an iron hydrogenase (PDB entry 3dag and 3f47 ). As the names imply, all of them use metal ions in their reactions.
The three types of hydrogenases use different combinations of metal ions and cofactors to activate hydrogen. The active sites of nickel-iron and iron-iron hydrogenases are buried deep within the proteins. The reaction begins when hydrogen diffuses through little channels into the active site. First, the enzyme breaks hydrogen into two pieces: a proton (H+) and a hydride (H-). Then, the electrons are stripped off of the hydride and transferred down a string of electron carriers, and the two protons are simultaneously shuttled to the surface. Iron hydrogenases are slightly different: a special cofactor binds in the active site at the beginning of each reaction, and this cofactor accepts the hydride when the hydrogen molecule is split.
Exotic Metal Complexes
The active site complexes are an unusual combination of metal ions and strange molecules such as cyanide and carbon monoxide, held in place by cysteine amino acids. These complicated active sites are constructed by a dedicated set of maturation enzymes. For instance, the nickel-iron hydrogenases require at least seven enzymes, powered by GTP and ATP, to build their active sites. One of these enzymes acts as a chaperone, bonding to a key cysteine in the active site and wrenching the protein open to make it accessible to the other enzymes. They load in metal ions and add the cyanide and carbon monoxide ligands. Finally, the chaperone protein releases the cysteine and the mature hydrogenase snaps shut around its new active site.
Hydrogenases need a place to dump all the electrons extracted from hydrogen. In some cases, these electrons are transferred to electron transport proteins such as cytochromes. In this structure solved by NMR spectroscopy (PDB entry 1e08 ), an iron-iron hydrogenase (blue) is caught in the act of transferring its electrons to a cytochrome (pink). To look at this complex in more detail, take a look at the page at Proteopedia.
Exploring the Structure
X-ray crystallography has revealed the active sites of all three types of hydrogenases,
but mysteries still remain. Hydrogen is too small to be seen in most crystallographic
experiments, so other methods must be used to discover the specifics of the reaction.
The active sites are all different, but they have compelling structural similarities.
All are centered around an iron atom with several unusual ligands, such as cyanide
ions and carbon monoxide. Each has another metal ion or cofactor to assist the iron
atom with the reduction/oxidation reaction. And they all use cysteine amino acids to
hold everything in place. Click on the images above to take an interactive look at
each active site.
You can get an up-to-date list of proteins related to Hydrogenase by clicking on any of the accession codes in this Molecule of the Month, and then using the tab named "Sequence Similarity" at the top of the page.
March 2009, David Goodselldoi:10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2009_3 | <urn:uuid:0c28b685-4781-45a9-90f8-0e502b5dc3b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://pdb101-beta.rcsb.org/motm/111 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.924006 | 966 | 3.75 | 4 |
The Pamphlet Collection of Sir Robert Stout: Volume 25
In the difficult question of the East, entangled by go many cross-purposes and interests, the people of this country have shown a just, but a very remarkable, disposition to repose confidence in the Government of the day: and the Government of the day has availed itself to the uttermost of that disposition. For months the nation was content, though measures and communications known to be of the highest interest were in progress, to remain without official information, and to subsist upon the fragmentary and uncertain notices which alone would transpire through the press. It had to dispense not only with official information, but with discussion in the House of Commons. Only on the thirty-first of July did the House of Commons receive, from the bounty of the Government, after interminable delays and in the dregs of the Session, a single night in which to review the transactions of the Administration, together with those of other Powers, during a twelvemonth, and to ascertain the prospects and policy of the coming recess. The lateness of the period fixed for the debate went far to insure its inefficiency. But this was not enough; and further precautions were adopted. It was announced that, if the debate overflowed this narrow limit, it could only be finished in fragments; the ordinary business of the Government must proceed in preference to it, but it could doubtless be renewed on some day of yet thinner benches, deeper exhaustion, and greater nearness to the Twelfth of August, the principal and inviolate festival of the sportsman's calendar.
So much for discussion. Next as to information. For not weeks only but months together, appeal after appeal was made to the Government to supply Parliament with full and authentic information, in lieu of the scanty and uncertain notices which alone could be obtained from unofficial sources. Appeal alter appeal was met with dilatory pleas. In these pleas, taken singly, there may often be much reason; but, in the aggregate, they were pushed to excess. Some measure was in progress, and could not be explained till it was completed; or was completed, and therefore a thing of the past, which had disappeared from the range of discussion; or was in contemplation, and the public interest would suffer by disclosure. During this time, instead of preparing the papers and documents, to be ready for instant presentation, when presentation might be allowable, they were left unprepared, so that after page 8 every reason and every pretext for withholding them had been exhausted, precious weeks were lost afresh in the necessary labours for, and of, the press.
And the ending of this extraordinary confidence on the one side, and of these free drafts upon it from the other, what has it been? That we have had by degrees, from private and voluntary exertion, the knowledge which it was the bounden duty of the Administration to supply: and that, by the light which this knowledge casts upon past events we learn with astonishment and horror that, so far as appears, we have been involved, in some amount, at least, of moral complicity with the basest and blackest outrages upon record within the present century, if not within the memory of man.
The effect of the course which was taken by the Government was by no means confined within the walls of Parliament. For securing the escape of a great question from public vigilance there is no expedient comparable to adjourning Parliamentary discussion of it until the dying hours of a Session. For thus it is brought before the public mind at a time when the nation is in holiday, when society as well as Parliament is prorogued, when the natural leaders of every country or municipal community are dispersed. It is the great vacation of the year, when no one expects, and few will consent, to be called to serious business. All, who are acquainted with the inner working of our Parliamentary as well as our social system, know the weight as well as the truth of what I now say.
The state of the case, then, is this. The House of Commons has in the main been ousted from that legitimate share of influence which I may call its jurisdiction in the case. A subject of paramount weight goes before the people at the time when the classes having leisure, and usually contributing most to form and guide public opinion, are scattered, as disjointed units, over the face of this and of other countries. In default of Parliamentary action, and a public concentrated as usual, we must proceed as we can, with impaired means of appeal. But honour, duty, compassion, and I must add shame, are sentiments never in a state of coma. The working men of the country, whose condition is less affected than that of others by the season, have to their honour led the way, and shown that the great heart of Britain has not ceased to beat. And the large towns and cities, now following in troops, are echoing back, each from its own place, the mingled notes of horror, pain, and indignation.
Let them understand that the importance of their meetings, on this occasion at least, cannot be overrated. As Inkerman was the soldiers' battle, so this is the nation's crisis. The question is not only whether unexampled wrongs shall receive effectual and righteous condemnation, but whether the only effective security shall be taken against its repetition. In order to take this security, the nation will have to speak through its Government: but we now see clearly that it must first teach its Government, almost as it would teach a lisping child, what to say. Then will be taken out of the way of an united Europe the sole efficient obstacle to the punishment of a gigantic wrong.
I have thus far endeavoured to describe how it has come about that the nation, deprived of its most rightful and most constitutional aids, page 9 has been called upon at the season when the task would, under ordinary circumstances be impossible, to choose between leaving its most sacred duties unperformed, and taking the performance of them primarily into its own hands.
Had the call upon the country been only that of Serna, Bosnia, and the Herzegovina, it would have been a grave one. But it is now graver far. By a slow and difficult process, the details of which I shall presently consider, and through the aid partly of newspaper correspondence, and partly of the authorised agent of a foreign State, but not through our own Parliament, or administration, or establishments abroad, we now know in detail that there have been perpetrated, under the immediate authority of a Government to which all the time we have been giving the strongest moral, and for part of the time even material support, crimes and outrages, so vast in scale as to exceed all modern example, and so unutterably vile as well as fierce in character, that it passes the power of heart to conceive, and of tongue and pen adequately to describe them. These are the Bulgarian horrors; and the question is, What can and should be done, either to punish, or to brand, or to prevent?
The details of these abominations may be read in published Reports, now known to be accurate in the main. They are hardly fit for reproduction. The authors of the crimes are the agents, the trusted, and in some instances, the since-promoted servants,* of the Turkish Government. The moral and material support, which during the year has been afforded to the Turkish Government, has been given by the Government of England on behalf of the people of England. In order to a full comprehension of the practical question at issue, it will be necessary to describe the true character and position of the Turkish Power, and the policy, as I think it the questionable and erroneous policy, of the British Administration.
Let me endeavour very briefly to sketch, in the rudest outline, what the Turkish race was and what it is. It is not a question of Mahometanism simply, but of Mahometanism compounded with the peculiar character of a race. They are not the mild Mahometans of India, nor the chivalrous Saladins of Syria, nor the cultured Moors of Spain. They were, upon the whole, from the black day when they first entered Europe, the one great anti-human specimen of humanity. Wherever they went, a broad line of blood marked the track behind them; and, as far as their dominion reached, civilisation disappeared from view. They represented everywhere government by force, as opposed to government by law. For the guide of this life they had a relentless fatalism: for its reward hereafter, a sensual paradise.
* Of these there are named Ahmed Aga and Tussum Bey (Mr. Schuyler); also Chevket Pacha (Consul Reade).—Papers 5, p. 18.
But although the Turk represented force as opposed to the law, yet not even a government of force can be maintained without the aid of an intellectual element, such as he did not possess. Hence there grew up, what has been rare in the history of the world, a kind of tolerance in the midst of cruelty, tyranny, and rapine. Much of Christian life was contemptuously let alone; much of the subordinate functions of government was allowed to devolve upon the bishops; and a race of Greeks was attracted to Constantinople, which has all along made up, in some degree, the deficiencies of Turkish Islam in the element of mind, and which at this moment provides the Porte with its long known, and, I must add, highly esteemed Ambassador in London. Then there have been from time to time, but rarely, statesmen whom we have been too ready to mistake for specimens of what Turkey might become, whereas they were in truth more like lusus natures, on the favourable side; monsters, so to speak, of virtue or intelligence; and there were (and are) also, scattered through the community, men who were not indeed real citizens, but yet who have exhibited the true civic virtues, and who would have been citizens had there been a true polity around them. Besides all this, the conduct of the race has gradually been brought more under the eye of an Europe, which it has lost its power to resist or to defy; and its central government, in conforming perforce to many of the forms and traditions of civilisation, has occasionally caught something of their spirit.
This, I think, is not an untrue description of the past, or even of the present. The decay of martial energy, in a Power which was for centuries the terror of the world, is wonderful. Of the two hundred millions sterling which in twenty years it borrowed from the credulity of European Exchanges, a large part has been spent upon its military and naval establishments. The result is before us. It is at war with Servia, which has a population, I think, under a million and a half, and an army which is variously stated at from five to eight thousand; the rest of those bearing arms are a hitherto half-drilled militia. It is also at war with the few scores of thousands of that very martial people who inhabit the mountain tract of Montenegro. Upon these handfuls of our race, an empire of more than thirty millions discharges all its might: for this purpose it applies all its own resources, and the whole of the property of its creditors; and, after two months of desperate activity, it greatly plumes itself upon having incompletely succeeded against Servia, and less doubtfully tailed against Montenegro. Shades of Bajazets, Amuraths, and Mahmouds!
Twenty years ago, France and England determined to try a great experiment in remodelling the administrative system of Turkey, with the hope of curing its intolerable vices, and of making good its not less intolerable deficiencies. For this purpose, having defended her integrity page 11 they made also her independence secure; and they devised at Constantinople the reforms, which were publicly enacted in an Imperial Firman or Hatti-humayoum. The successes of the Crimean War, purchased (with the aid of Sardinia) by a vast expenditure of French and English life and treasure, gave to Turkey, for the first time perhaps in her blood-stained history, twenty years of a repose not disturbed either by herself or by any foreign Power. The Cretan insurrection imparted a shock to confidence; but it was composed, and Turkey again was trusted. The insurrections of 1875, much more thoroughly examined, have disclosed the total failure of the Porte to fulfil the engagements which she had contracted under circumstances peculiarly binding on interest, on honour, and on gratitude. Even these miserable insurrections, she had not the ability to put down. In the midway of the current events, a lurid glare is thrown over the whole case by the Bulgarian horrors. The knowledge of these events is, whether by indifference or bungling, kept back from us, but only for a time. The proofs are now sufficiently before us. And the case is this. Turkey, which stood only upon force, has in the main lost that force. It is a Prussian, we learn, who has planned her campaign. Power is gone, and the virtues, such as they are, of power; nothing but its passions and its pride remain.
It is time, then, to clear an account which we have long, perhaps too long, left unsettled, and almost unexamined.
In the discussion of this great and sad subject, the attitude and the proceedings of the British Government cannot possibly be left out of view. Indeed, the topic is, from the nature of the case, so prominent, and from the acts done, so peculiar, that I could hardly be excused from stating in express and decided terms what appear to me its grave errors; were it only that I may not seem, by an apparent reserve, also to insinuate against them a purposed complicity in crime, which it would be not only rash, but even wicked, to impute. The consequences of their acts have been, in my view, deplorable. But as respects the acts themselves, and the motives they appear to indicate, the faults I find are these. They have not understood the rights and duties, in regard to the subjects, and particularly the Christian subjects, of Turkey, which inseparably attach to this country in consequence of the Crimean War, and of the Treaty of Paris in 1856. They have been remiss when they ought to have been active; namely, in efforts to compose the Eastern revolts, by making provision against the terrible misgovernment which provoked them. They have been active, where they ought to have been circumspect and guarded. It is a grave charge, which cannot be withheld, that they have given to a maritime measure of humane precaution the character of a military demonstration in support of the Turkish Government. They have seemed to be moved too little by an intelligent appreciation of prior obligations, and of the broad and deep interests of humanity, and too much by a disposition to keep out of sight what was disagreeable and might be inconvenient, and to consult and flatter the public opinion of the day in its ordinary, that is to say, its narrow, selfish, epicurean humour. I admit that, until a recent date, an opinion widely prevailed, and perhaps was not confined to any par- page 12 ticular party, that this game had been played with success and even brilliancy, and that, amidst whatever mishaps and miscarriages elsewhere, the Government stood high upon its foreign, that is, its Eastern policy, in the approval of the country.
Since that time, but two or three weeks have elapsed. But a curtain opaque and dense, which at the Prorogation had been lifted but a few inches from the ground, has since then—from day to day—been slowly rising. And what a scene it has disclosed! and where! Nearly four long months have passed, during which there has been maintained in this country, almost until now, an unnatural and deadly calm. We now look backwards over this tract of lethargy as over days of ease purchased by dishonour, the prolonged fascination of an evil dream. A voice, an almost solitary voice, sounded indeed over sea and land, in the month of June, to warn us of what was going on. There was no want of ears disposed to listen, when the tale was told of wholesale massacre perpetrated by the authority of a Government to which we had procured, in our living memory, twenty years of grace; and to which, without inquiring how those years had been employed, we had this year defied Europe in affording the strong support of the British name. Nor was this all; for those wholesale massacres were declared to be complicated and set off with crimes, by the side of which the horror and infamy of massacre itself grew pale. But what then? These allegations came from a nameless, an irresponsible, newspaper correspondent. With the instinct of prudent Englishmen, startled Peers and Members of Parliament put question after question to the Government. The effect, the general sense of the answers was what I may call a moral, though not a verbal, denial. Whatever they were meant to produce, they did produce the result, not of belief qualified by a reserve for occasional error, but of disbelief qualified by a reserve for purely accidental truth. And this was the attitude which, conformably to general and needful rules, we could not do otherwise than assume. For what was the staple of those answers? They consisted of warnings against exaggeration; of general attenuations of the matter, as what must be expected to happen among savage races, with a different idea or code of morals from our own; of cynical remarks, such as that the allegations of lingering inflictions hardly could be true, since the Turkish taste was known to incline towards dispatch; of difficulties in deciding on which side lay the balance of crime and cruelty; of bold assurances that the insurgents were the aggressors, suggesting the reflection that the chief responsibility must rest on him who strikes the first blow; of acquittals of the Turkish armies and authorities in general, by suggesting that we were really dealing with a momentary outbreak of fanaticism among a handful of irregulars, gone by almost as soon as come; and, above all, at first with calm denials of knowledge. It was these denials of knowledge, which we believe to amount to a negative demonstration.
For we know that we had a well-manned Embassy at Constantinople, and a network of Consulates and Vice-Consulates, really discharging diplomatic duties, all over the provinces of European Turkey. That villages could be burnt down by scores, and men, women, and children murdered, or worse than murdered, by thousands, in a Turkish page 13 province lying between the capital and the scene of the recent excitements, and that our Embassy and Consulates could know nothing of it? The thing was impossible. It could not be. So silence was obtained, and relief; and the well-oiled machinery of our luxurious, indifferent life worked smoothly on. There was a pressure of inquiry, but the door was each time quickly closed upon the question, as the stone lid used to be shut down, in the Campo Santo of Naples, upon the mass of human corpses that lay festering beneath.
But inquiry was to be made. And at this point I think the Government are to be charged with a serious offence. For inquiry, in these times, means the employment of the Telegraph. But I must here turn aside for a moment, in the endeavour to do an act of justice.
The first alarm respecting the Bulgarian outrages was, I believe, that sounded in the 'Daily News,' on the 23rd of June. I am sensible of the many services constantly rendered by free journalism to humanity, to freedom, and to justice. I do not undervalue the performances, on this occasion, of the Times,' the Doyen of the press in this country, and perhaps in the world, or of the 'Daily Telegraph and our other great organs. But of all these services, so far as my knowledge goes, that which has been rendered by the' Daily News,' through its foreign correspondence on this occasion, has been the most weighty, I may say, the most splendid.* "We are now informed (Pari. Papers, No. 5, p. 6) that the accounts received by the German Government confirm its report. It is even possible that, but for the courage, determination, and ability of this single organ, we might, even at this moment, have remained in darkness, and Bulgarian wretchedness might have been without its best and brightest hope.
On the 26th of June, the Duke of Argyll, in the House of Lords, and Mr. Forster in the House of Commons, made anxious inquiries respecting the statements contained in a communication from the correspondent of the 'Daily News,' which had been published in the paper of the 23rd, following a more general statement on the 10th. In order not to load these pages too heavily, as well as on other grounds, I shall cite or describe, in referring to these proceedings, chiefly the replies of the Head of the Government.
* I believe it is understood that the gentleman who has fought this battle—for a battle it has been—with such courage, intelligence, and conscientious care, is Mr. Pears, of Constantinople, correspondent of the 'Daily News,' for Bulgaria.
I must add Lord Derby's concluding sentence:—
"As the noble Duke has thought the evidence in this matter sufficient to justify him in bringing the subject before the House, I will make further inquiry, and communicate the result to your Lordships."
There were reasons enough why others besides the Duke of Argyll, should have thought the evidence sufficient to require some notice. For, in the statement of the 'Daily News,' there were contained these ominous words:†—
June 16.—"Even now it is openly asserted by the Turks, that England has determined to help the Government to put down the various insurrections. England, says a Turkish journal, will defend us against Russia, while we look after our rebels."
So much for the first attempt to throw light into these dark places. On the 8th of July, the 'Daily News' inserted a second communication from its correspondent at Constantinople, confirming and extending the purport of the first. On the 10th, Mr. Forster renewed his inquiries. Mr. Disraeli stated, that there had not yet been time to receive any reply to the inquiries made. And this, though the Telegraph passes in a few hours, and the statement in question had appeared on the 23rd of June. Even now the only efficient instrument was not put in action, nor did this happen until July 14th;‡ and within five days after that date, a British agent was on his way to the bloody scene. It is absolutely necessary that Her Majesty's Government should explain why the Telegraph had not at once been employed on the 26th or 27th of June.
But other parts of the First Minister's reply require notice. He hoped, "for the sake of human nature itself," that the statements were scarcely warranted. There had without doubt been atrocities in Bulgaria. This was a war "not carried on by regular troops, in this case not even by irregular troops, but by a sort of posse comitatûs of an armed population." "I doubt whether torture".... "has been practised on a great scale among an historical people, who seldom have, I believe, resorted to torture, but generally terminate their connection with culprits in a more expeditious manner ([unclear: oughter])." Every effort had been made, and would continue to be made, "to soften and mitigate as much as possible the terrible scene that are now inevitably occurring." Atrocities, he believed, were "inevitable, when wars are carried on in certain countries, and between certain races."§
Down to this date what we have to observe is—
First. The deplorable inefficiency of the arrangements of the Government for receiving information.
Secondly. The yet more deplorable tardiness of the means adopted, under Parliamentary pressure, for enlarging their store of knowledge.
* 'Times,' June 27.
† Pari. Papers, Turkey, 1876, No. 3, p. 336.
‡ Papers, No. 5, p. 1.
§ 'Times,' July 15. Lord Beaconsfield has, in the 'Times' of this day (Sept. 7), corrected the report as given above, by substituting "oriental" for "historical."
|a.||That the responsibility lay in the first instance with certain "invaders of Bulgaria."|
|b.||That the deplorable atrocities, which had occurred, were fairly divided, and were such as were incidental to wars "between certain races" What could and did this mean, but between Circassians on the one side, and Bulgarians on the other? It now appears that the Circassians had but a very small share in the matter.|
|c.||While the Bulgarians were thus loaded with an even share of responsibility for the "atrocities," we were given to understand that the Turkish Government, and its authorized agents, appeared to be no parties to them.|
|d.||That the "scenes," that is, as is now demonstrated, the wholesale murders, rapes, tortures, burnings, and the whole devilish enginery of crime, "were to be mitigated and softened as much as possible."|
I am concerned to subjoin the following declarations stated to have been made by Lord Derby to a Deputation on the 14th of July.
"He did not in the least doubt that there had been many acts of cruelty, and of wanton cruelty, committed by the irregular troops of both sides... It was not a case of lambs and wolves, but of some savage races, fighting in a peculiarly savage manner."*
This declaration is a gross wrong inadvertently done to the people of Bulgaria, and it ought to be withdrawn.
Again, on the 17th of July, Mr. Baxter revived the interrogatories. By this time, as we have seen, the Government had used the Telegraph, and they had ordered on the 15th a real and special inquiry from Constantinople. The subject could no longer be entirely trifled with. The Prime Minister made a lengthened statement, which occupies two columns of the 'Times.' The main portion of it was extracted from official reports, which are now before the world, and which did not in the smallest degree sustain either the doctrine of a fair division of the blame of inevitable atrocities, or an acquittal of the Turkish Government. But the Minister added matter of his own. What wonder was it, as to the Circassians, that "when their villages were burned and their farms ravaged," "they should take matters into their own hands, and endeavour to defend themselves?" "Scenes had occurred towards the end of May, and so on," "from which with our feelings "—what fine feelings we have!—" we naturally recoil." "We were constantly communicating," "I will not say remonstrating, with the Turkish Government," for "the Turkish Government was most anxious to be guided by the advice of the British Ambassador." And still the guilt was to stand as a fairly divided guilt.
* 'Times,' July 1.
Observe: though information on particulars was still wanting, one thing was placed beyond doubt, the equality of guilt and infamy. And I am still, writing on the 5th of September, dependent mainly on a foreign source for any official vouchor to bring this testimony to the test. Mr. Schuyler, on the 22nd of August, reports to the American Government that the outrages of the Turks were fully established. He proceeds as follows, with more to the same effect: "An attempt, however, has been made—and not by Turks alone—to defend and to palliate them, on the ground of the previous atrocities which, it is alleged, were committed by the Bulgarians. I have carefully investigated this point; and am unable to find that the Bulgarians committed any outrages or atrocities, or any acts which deserve that name. I have vainly tried to obtain from the Turkish officials a list of such outrages.... No Turkish women or children were killed in cold blood. No Mussulmen woman were violated. No Mussulmans were tortured. No purely Turkish village was attacked or burned. No Mussulman house was pillaged. No mosque was desecrated or destroyed."
The declarations, which had proceeded from the highest authority in the highest Parliamentary Assembly of the world, produced, at the time, an immense effect. They did not remove suspicion, but they effectually baffled and checkmated it, so far as the prevailing sentiment in this country was concerned. So that when, on the 7th of August, the question of cruelties in Bulgaria was yet again raised, a member, and not a young member, "deprecated," says Mr. Boss, in his valuable Record, "party speeches against the Turkish Government."
But it was not only within these shores that the language of the Government was heard. It rang through an astonished Europe. It reached, and it was questioned in, Constantinople. The Courrier d' Orient was so bold as to criticise a declaration imputed to the Minister that the alleged burning of the forty girls had been found false upon inquiry instituted. For this offence, in a notice issued by the Director of the Press for Turkey, which I subjoin in the French original, and which referred to the impartiality of the heads of the British Government, and to "the pretended excesses in Bulgaria"—note this was on the 9th of August—the journal was suppressed.†
* 'Times,' July 16.
† "Sublime Porte.:
"Ministère Des Affaires ÉTrangères.
"Le Bureau de la Presse,
"Vu le numéro du Journal le Courrier d'Orient du 8 août:
"Attendu que cette feuille en mentionnant, dans sa revue politique, les déclarations du premier ministre du gouvernement anglais devant le Parlement britannique, (1) touchant les prétendus excès commis en Bulgarie, se fait une sorte de mérite d'avoir été la première à publier la relation de ces crimes supposés;
"Attendu que la dite feuille se prévaut du silence que la Direction de la presse a gardé à son égard, soit par inadvertence, soit par excès d'indulgence, pour en induire que ses assertions étaient fondées, et que les déclarations du Chef du Cabinet Britannique sont entachees de partialité;
"Après avoir pris les ordres de S. Exc. le ministre,
"Le journal le Courrier d'Orient est et demeure supprimé ´ partir du jour de la notification du présent arr≖té.
"Constantinople, 9 août, 1876.
"Le Directeur de la Presse, "Blacque."
Five attempts had thus been made to penetrate what was still a mystery in the official mind. A sixth and a seventh still followed, on the 9th and the 11th of August. With true British determination, Mr. Ashley opened the question for discussion on the 11th. He was ably supported; and this time, it is pleasant to say, from both sides of the House there might be heard the language of humanity, of justice, and of wisdom. It was in the dying throes of the Session.; Mr. Ashley's action was especially judicious, because he had a right, which none could contest, to appear as a representative of Lord Palmerston. The powerful speech of Sir W. Harcourt was denounced by the Prime Minister in terms of great vivacity. He was assured that "from the very commencement of the transactions" the Government "were constantly receiving" from the Ambassador information on "what was occurring in Bulgaria." The minister selected particular statements for contradiction of details, on which I am not yet sufficiently informed to pronounce; but what I complain of is that he still, on the 12th of August, effectually disguised the main issue, which lay in the question whether the Turkish Government, which was receiving from us both moral and virtually material support, had or had not by its agents and by its approval and reward of its agents been deeply guilty of excesses, than which none more abominable have disgraced the history of the world. For the Government, it was still merely a question of "civil war," "carried on under conditions of brutality unfortunately not unprecedented in that country,"* namely Bulgaria. A repetition of language, which is either that of ignorance, or of brutal calumny upon a people whom Turkish authorities have themselves just described as industrious, primitive, and docile.†
Such then are the steps taken by Her Majesty's Government during the Session with respect to the Bulgarian atrocities, for enlightening the country as some may think, or for keeping it in the dark, as may occur to other and less charitable minds.
* 'Times,' Aug. 12.
† In the Report from Philippopolis, to which I shall presently revert.
"Murder, most foul as in the best it is,
But this most foul, strange, and unnatural,"‡
the elaborate and refined cruelty—the only refinement of which Turkey boasts!—the utter disregard of sex and age—the abominable and bestial lust—and the entire and violent lawlessness which still stalks over the land. For my own part I have, in the House of Commons and elsewhere, whatever my inward impressions might be, declined to speak strongly on these atrocities, until there was both clear and responsible evidence before me. For want of this evidence, I did not join in the gallant effort of Mr. Ashley, at the last gasp of the Session. But the report of Mr. Schuyler, together with the report from Berlin, and the Prologue, so to call it, of Mr. Baring, in my opinion, turns the scale, and makes the responsibility of silence, at least for one who was among the authors of the Crimean War, too great to be borne.
* Mr. Schuyler's estimate is 15,000 at "the lowest."
† Paper No. 5, p. 5.
‡ Hamlet, i. 5.
The ground, then, seemed to be sufficiently laid in point of evidence to call for action, when, as I am writing, a new piece of testimony reaches me* through the courtesy of M. Musurus. It is a French translation of a Report on the Bulgarian events, dated July 22, presented to the Ottoman Government by a commission of Mussulman and Christian notables, and approved by the Administrative Council of Philippopolis. Since it is put forward as an official statement of the Turkish case (following the Report of Edib Effendi on the 'Vilayet' of Adrianople), I hope it will, for the sake of justice, be extensively read. Others may think differently of it from myself. I cannot but at once denounce it as a disgraceful document; confirmatory, in its moral effect, even of the worst parts of the charges. After all that has happened, it would have been too much to expect a word of penitence or shame; but it does not contain a word of sorrow or compassion. The reporting Commission, which was armed with the powers of the State, wonders that the Bulgarians should have risen against their "paternal"† government; describes them as a peaceable, primitive, and docile people;‡ and then charges them largely with murdering, burning, impaling, roasting, men, women, and children indiscriminately, with the extremest refinements of cruelty.§ One of the most definite statements it contains is this; it cites,‖ as a proof of the "barbarous devastations" committed by the insurgents, the destruction of—a great bridge over the Railway. It is full of laudations of the humanity and consideration of the troops, the commanders, and the Mussulman population.¶ It denounces those who have opened the eyes of Europe to this Turkish Inferno, as the "fantastic story-makers of dismal episodes."** It takes no notice of the attested fact, that the bodies of slain women and children lie in multititudes, unburied and exposed; except indeed by alleging that at Prestenitza some of the insurgents slew their own women and children. Dated three months after the first outbreak, and full of horrible accusation, it contains hardly in a single instance such verifying particulars as would allow of the detection of falsehood by inquiry into the statement. And it winds up with a particular account of a Pansclavic pamphlet, printed at Moscow in 1867!
* September 2nd.
† P. 17.
‡ Pp. 8, 17.
§ Pp. 9, 10.
‖ P. 9.
¶ E.g. p. 15.
** P. 15.
†† P. 5.
"Question 13. What course is to be pursued with regard to those Turks who submit?
"Answer. They should be put in charge of our agents, who will convey them to the headquarters of the insurrection. From thence, they will be sent, with their families and with the aged, to the places occupied for refuge by our own familes. They are to live there as our brethren. It is part of our duty to take care for their happiness, their life, and their religion: on the same ground as for the life and the honour of our own people."
The perusal of this statement of the Turkish case removes from my mind any remaining scruple. The facts are, in the gross, sufficiently established. The next, and for us the gravest part of the inquiry is, what have we to do with them? | <urn:uuid:8bedd122-74cf-4190-b17f-c8ecbca1142c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Stout25-t7-body-d1-d1a.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.974368 | 7,964 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Python is notorious for having layers and various build systems to actually build software. As someone building software first hand, this is proving annoying. Do I use setuptools? What's poetry? Yeah, I source'd my venv, and then installed through pip. Ughh. Nightmarish. As a nixOS fan, I thought surely there is a better way. Ugh, nope. Nix either uses the package manager under the hood or rebuilds everything from scratch, in general for all languages. This is normally great, because nixpkgs has 10s of 1000s of packages, and when your package exists, everything Just Works. When you're writing your own .nix file to add your package, things are bit more frisky.
Most the time you're expected to just copy what other developers of other packages did, and because most languages generally bless a particular way of packaging applications, this isn't too bad. On python, it fucking sucks. There's at least 8 different ways to package a python
package module, and then 3 ways to do so in Nix for each of those package management solutions. It's really annoying. | <urn:uuid:ec841d9c-6bb2-42e2-a45a-98f6d2e6a67f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://anish.lakhwara.com/220321-2245.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.935162 | 239 | 1.710938 | 2 |
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