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This wikiHow teaches you how to log out of Facebook Messenger on Android using your device's Settings. This is necessary because there is no "Log Out" function in Messenger for Android.
2Scroll down and tap . It's in the "Device" section of the menu.Advertisement
3Scroll down and tap . It's the blue chat bubble with a white lightning bolt.
4Tap . It's near the top of the menu.
5Tap and click to confirm. This deletes the stored log-in information in Messenger.
6Press the Home button.
- Tap the Apps Tray if you don't have a Home screen shortcut for Messenger.
7Open the Facebook Messenger app. You'll be asked to log in again.
QuestionAfter I log out and try to log in again, will my old conversations still be there?Community AnswerYes, they will. Your conversations are stored on the Facebook server and will be available when you log back in.
About This Article
1. Open Settings.
2. Tap Apps.
3. Tap Messenger.
4. Tap Storage.
5. Tap CLEAR DATA and OK.
6. Press the Home button.
7. Open Facebook Messenger. | <urn:uuid:e243935e-7282-4aa6-b9ca-e41eb7c379e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wikihow.com/Log-Out-from-Facebook-Messenger-in-Android | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.866331 | 351 | 1.671875 | 2 |
NEW YORK Voter Registration Deadline: Oct. 9, 2020
To register to vote in the State of New York, an individual must meet the following qualifications:
- Be a United States citizen
- Be 18 years old (you may pre-register at 16 or 17 but cannot vote until you are 18)
- Resident of New York and the county, city or village for at least 30 days before the election
- Not be in prison or on parole for a felony conviction (unless parolee pardoned or restored rights of citizenship)
- Not be adjudged mentally incompetent by a court
- Not claim the right to vote elsewhere
How to register to vote in New York:
- Register online here.
- Print and mail this registration form.
- Request a voter registration form be mailed to you by calling 1-800-FOR-VOTE
- Register in person at your county board of elections or at any New York State Agency-Based voter registration center. You can also submit your voter application form at the Department of Motor Vehicles.
- Click here for more information on voter registration in New York.
Check if you're registered to vote here. | <urn:uuid:5b74d037-16c8-4f2a-9ed8-0b071636ddd9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/register-vote-york/story?id=72154298 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.900482 | 237 | 1.992188 | 2 |
This is a lovely film showing a small aspect of our Heritage event this year. Doug Smith, his colleagues and three young ladies from Swanshurst Girls School brought to life some of those buried in Brandwood End who lost their lives as a result of action in WW1. Those ‘remembered’ were all real….. and died as recorded, although their words are subject to some poetic license. Our thanks, as always, to Doug and his team who never fail to produce an interesting item for our events.
Our thanks to Carola Klein for creating an amazing array of photographs illustrating the vast variety of Fungi in Brandwood End Cemetery.
Over 150 people attended this years Service of Remembrance. Once again the atmosphere was enhanced by our Bugler but it was lovely to see many organisations represented, many of whom had several members there.Our thanks to Deacon David Fairbotham, who conducts a short but thought provoking service and to the growing number of people who attend. if you would like to see a few more photographs of this event, please follow this link.
We shall remember them.
On Sunday the 4th November, Brandwood End Cemetery will be crowded with people attending the Blessing of the Graves. PLEASE WALK INTO THE CEMETERY if at all possible as the number of cars mean that there is nowhere to park. Staff must keep the main drive free of parked cars (as far as the chapels) for safety reasons and also to allow access to Clergy.
Please don’t be one of the people that argue with them and demand that ‘you’ are the exception!
Schools out, so its about time we made sure our Brandwood End Hedgehogs have plenty of food when they finally emerge. Not too long to wait now!!
(Unless you are over 16 I am afraid you will have to bring an adult!)
Meet at the Lodge on the main drive of Brandwood End Cemetery 10am. | <urn:uuid:d442cbed-a7de-46e0-86c1-135fe0d26c2a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fbec.org.uk/tag/brandwood-end/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.973101 | 403 | 1.53125 | 2 |
A marathon meeting of the Organization of American States over Venezuela ended in a deadlock early Friday when the permanent council could not agree whether to send a mission to investigate rights abuse allegations or empanel regional foreign ministers to discuss the unrest and protests in the South American nation.
After eight hours, the Venezuelan government was able to muster enough support to block a petition by Panama calling for emergency measures to address the ongoing protests and unrest aimed at President Nicolás Maduro.
On Friday, Venezuelan Foreign Minister Elías Jaua called it “a victory” for his country’s sovereignty.
Maduro broke off diplomatic ties with Panama, accusing the government of President Ricardo Martinelli of trying to interfere in the country’s domestic affairs.
“What is clear is that they [the diplomats] have been able to stop the interventionist intentions of those who called this council,” Venezuela’s OAS ambassador Roy Chaderton told reporters after the closed-door meeting.
The United States and Canada have backed Panama’s proposal.
Venezuelan Foreign Minister Elías Jaua called it “a victory” for his country’s sovereignty
The OAS was expected to meet later Friday to continue discussing what further action, if any, to take. Diplomatic sources at the regional organization’s headquarters in Washington expected that the ambassadors would eventually issue a joint resolution calling for dialogue between Maduro’s government and the opposition.
The nationwide protests against Maduro’s economic policies, the country’s high crime rate, and food shortages are in their fourth week. Students continued to erect street barricades in many cities on Thursday as hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans went back to work following an extended seven-day Carnival holiday, which also coincided with commemorations marking the first anniversary of the death of Hugo Chávez, who governed the country for more than 15 years.
During the OAS meeting, Bolivia – a Venezuelan ally – presented a resolution backed by Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil lauding the Maduro government’s efforts to resolve the social unrest by calling a peace conference.
Opposition groups have said they would meet with Maduro but wanted a pre-agreed agenda of the subjects that should be discussed. | <urn:uuid:e0a93441-a1dc-4690-b8ac-4199fd24ec62> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2014/03/07/inenglish/1394211792_628372.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.950489 | 462 | 1.796875 | 2 |
What is AT&T’s WiFi Gateway?
Faithful IAG readers remember our admonition to own outright their networking gear instead of leasing it from an Internet Service Provider (ISP). It’s similar to the trade-off between an incandescent lamp’s lower initial cost versus the long-term savings of LED. But in these tough economic times, some consumers need a low upfront cost for Internet access. So, what is AT&T’s WiFi Gateway and how much does it cost?
What Is a Gateway?
Diligent readers recall our take on the difference between modems, routers and gateways. As we noted, “routers and modems are two entirely different beasts even though it’s likely that if you’re renting a (modem) from your MSO (ISP), it probably also doubles as a wireless router. These combo devices, known as “gateways,” connect your home Ethernet/wireless LAN to the Internet.”
We also discussed why MSOs like AT&T don’t want consumers owning gateways. Leasing this gear to subscribers provides AT&T a significant monthly income stream. So, as consumers become savvier about reducing Internet costs, AT&T and other MSOs have begun marketing “value-added” gateway solutions. The Death Star calls it “smart WiFi.” We say you’re smarter if you own your own gateway instead of renting it.
How AT&T Delivers the Internet to Your Home
Generally, the Death Star provides subscribers Internet service via two main technologies. (For now, we omit AT&T’s FWA). The fortunate relative few have access to AT&T’s Internet’s (formerly U-verse) fiber service while others receive xDSL technologies—if they’re near enough to an AT&T Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) headend. Many, particularly in the hinterland, aren’t.
DSL speeds increasingly diminish across distances between the DSLAM and the subscriber’s modem due to signal attenuation. DSL utilizes the same copper twisted pair POTS has relied on for over a century. Indicative of the changes coming to AT&T’s Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), their WiFi gateways support VoIP instead of POTS (an exception is the Arris NVG599; see below).
To get an inkling of DSL’s inconsistent connectivity, note that while AT&T trumpets the reliability of their fiber service (99%!), their ads’ small print explicitly excludes DSL, a dedicated service unlike the shared line architecture of DOCSIS or fiber. Even so, both DOCSIS and fiber provide overall greater bandwidth and throughput compared to xDSL, even during network busy hours.
The Death Star also bundles fiber with VoIP phone and Internet and includes recently acquired DirectTV and now AT&T TV‘s streaming service. However, AT&T Fiber is available in only densely populated metropolitan areas, typically in the American Midwest, South and Southeast, and California. AT&T DSL covers a considerably larger area. See the maps below:
AT&T Fiber U.S. Availability
Source: Broadband Now
Fair Use per 37 CFR § 201.14
AT&T U.S. DSL Availability
Source: Broadband Now
Fair Use per 37 CFR § 201.14
AT&T Smart WiFi Specifics
Longtime IAG readers recall our articles on home WiFi mesh networking and our reviews on Google WiFi vs. Netgear Orbi and Cox’s Panoramic WiFi. While the AT&T WiFi gateway may be “smart,” it’s still a “volcano”-type router, not a meshnet device. If you have WiFi dead spots in your home, you’ll still need a WiFi extender or repeater to augment AT&T Smart WiFi gateway coverage.
AT&T calls the technology supporting their gateway “smart WiFi” since it automatically “finds and selects your best and fastest connection” for more consistent coverage. This so-called “band steering,” commonly found in dual-band WiFi deployments (i.e., 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz), automatically directs WiFi traffic to 5 GHz frequencies when possible.
Band steering can cause WiFi performance issues if 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz coverage areas vary greatly. Coverage variance stems from attenuation differences between the two frequencies caused by physical obstructions, distance or bandwidth interference.
As a rule, 5 GHz WiFi transmit levels should be 6 dB higher than that for 2.4 GHz to equalize coverage areas. If simultaneous 2.4 and 5 GHz coverage areas aren’t viable, one should avoid enabling band steering on the WiFi gateway.
The gateway also includes a “Smart Home Manager App,” allowing subscribers to “easily monitor, manage and customize (their) home WiFi network.” Yet this app apparently doesn’t apply to the Arris NVG599; see below. Smart WiFi is included with any AT&T Internet plan delivering 12 Mbps down or higher. All gateways provide four Ethernet ports for wired connections.
AT&T Smart WiFi Models
The Death Star’s fine print states that Smart WiFi “requires a BGW210, 5268AC, or NVG599 Wi-Fi Gateway.” These are:
Arris BGW210. A gateway with an optical network terminal (ONT) fiber optic connector, this is the device you want if you’re subscribing to AT&T’s highest speed service tiers. This means—lucky you—that you have fiber to the home (FTTH). It also supports xDSL (i.e., ADSL2+ and VDSL2), IPTV (via Ethernet only) and IPv6. Other features include 802.11ac WiFi and WPS setup. See the BGW210 Install and Operations Guide here.
Pace 5268AC. Avoid this gateway; its firewall is plagued by DMZ throttling, meaning that overall throughput is greatly reduced and you won’t receive the data speeds you expect from your service tier. It supports 802.11b/g/n/ac WiFi, 64/128 WEP (another reason not to use this device)/WPA2-PSK, IPv6 and ADSL/ADSL2/ADSL2+/VDSL2. See the 5268AC User Guide here.
Arris NVG599. This too is another gateway to shun but AT&T’s DSL subscribers will likely be saddled with either this or the Pace model. It supports 802.11b/g/n/ac WiFi, WPA2-PSK, IPv6 (if enabled), guest networking if enabled (see bandwidth management issues with this product below) and VDSL2/ADSL2+. It also offers an RJ-14 port for a POTS line in addition to two VoIP lines.
According to Intermedia, this device causes “intermittent call & phone feature failures” since it lacks “bandwidth management controls.” In other words, you can’t prioritize bandwidth for applications such as VoIP or video streaming. See the NVG599 datasheet here.
AT&T’s Internet’s Terms of Service (TOS)
For an exhaustive look at AT&T’s policies regarding their Internet service, see here. We limit our discussion below to determining how much AT&T charges per month for their gateway, if you can buy instead of lease and if you can BYOD instead of using AT&T-provided gear.
As of 14 January 2019, AT&T provides one or more of the following (collectively called “Internet Equipment”) to subscribers:
an ONT, which for FTTH or FTTP is typically located within the confines of a subscriber’s premises or a centralized location for multi-dweller units (MDUs);
“an “Intelligent Network Interface Device (‘iNID‘), an outdoor demarc readily accessible to AT&T techs, providing “triple play” (VDSL, VoIP and video) across a short loop. The iNID eliminates the need to bring DSL indoors, thus obviating signal loss typically associated with aging copper wiring found in older homes.
As noted below, “equipment fees and purchase options depend on the AT&T services and/or rate plans you order and the installation options you choose.” The gateway’s purchase cost varies by device. For the first year—you’ll sign a one-year agreement to initiate service—the gateway’s monthly rental fee is $10. If your tier’s download speeds are below 3 Mbps, the monthly rental fee is $5.
Contradicting info found in “the fine print” below, as of 30 March 2020, highspeedinternet.com reports that you can BYOD and “pay no monthly fees” to AT&T. Having had his experience with AT&T and their inflexible tariffs, your intrepid blogger seriously doubts this claim.
Finally, allconnect.com asserts that subscribers can either “choose to purchase your own WiFi extender (again, we cast askance glances at this claim) or buy the AT&T Smart WiFi Extender for $49.99.” Supposedly, this extender is designed for use with the gateway models cited above.
The Fine Print
“If you have not purchased Internet Equipment from AT&T or if previously purchased Internet Equipment is beyond the one-year (1-year) warranty period (from date of installation) and requires replacement, then you agree to pay any applicable monthly equipment fee for the Internet Equipment required for use with your Service, as part of your purchase of or continued use of the Service and/or other AT&T services. Equipment fees and purchase options depend on the AT&T Services and/or rate plans you order and the installation options you choose.“
Other notable caveats:
“AT&T will install the WG (gateway). Once the WG has been installed by AT&T, you may not move the WG to a different location or reposition at your address or any other address. AT&T may also make available additional, optional internet-related equipment for sale or lease in connection with your Service, such as various types of home networking equipment (ex: Wi-Fi Extenders). Unless otherwise expressly specified to the contrary, any amounts for the purchase or lease of this additional equipment will be separate from and in addition to amounts payable for your Service.”
In other words, subscribers must either pay or rent Internet Equipment from AT&T. While you can surreptitiously BYOD, you don’t have the option to forego payment to AT&T for their gear.
However, an AT&T Community Forums contributor states, “You can definitely use your own router (to) give you better WiFi coverage. You have to keep (AT&T’s) gateway but (connect) your router to their gateway and disable AT&T’s WiFi.”
This process, which puts the gateway into “bridge mode” or “passthrough mode,” allows the tech-savvy AT&T subscriber to use meshnet systems like Netgear Orbi, Eero or Google WiFi instead of an inferior AT&T-provided WiFi extender.
Learn about “true” Bridge Mode from gamer guru John Glasscock:
AT&T has a well-earned reputation for snaring consumers with apparently affordable introductory prices for Internet service yet includes a plethora of hidden surcharges, taxes and fees. And after the initial service term, subscribers often see prices for their service double. Moreover, to receive the Death Star’s bottom-line price, subscribers must enroll in autopay and paperless billing.
Don’t want AT&T’s VoIP, AT&T TV or DirecTV but still need their Internet access? Too bad; you’ll pay a higher price to surf the web with the Death Star if you don’t bundle their Internet service with “Triple Play” options.
Our take: if AT&T has FTTH available, it’s worth the hassle. Otherwise, opt for DOCSIS 3.0 or D3.1 or even FWA. You won’t be happy with xDSL unless you’re within shouting distance of the serving DSLAM. | <urn:uuid:f58469d6-f40b-49de-bd46-cb187baa71a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://internet-access-guide.com/what-is-att-wifi-gateway/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.905225 | 2,708 | 1.953125 | 2 |
W.D. Wells & Associates, Inc. https://www.facebook.com/wdwells.inc
Project Entry: The Potager Garden at Stonebridge Mansion
2013 PLNA Awards for Landscape Excellence Winner
Category: Theme Garden
Award Level: Bronze
The Potager Garden at Stonebridge Mansion was completed as part ofthe Oxford Arts Alliance 2011Decorator's Showcase. The Garden is a fun and productive garden featuring culinary & medicinal herbs, vegetables, and sustainable gardening concepts. Many sustainable practices can be seen throughout the project such as a compost bin, a rain water harvesting system, and use of many native herbs and vegetables.
A Potager is a French term for an ornamental vegetable garden or kitchen garden. We made sure to keep that in mind as we designed the space. By using a number of herbs that have both culinary and medicinal use we are trying to encourage the public to find more sustainable, home grown options for their own food and medicine. The project also features a vertical herbal wall which is a new idea taking shape in the industry. The wall allows you to provide herbs and vegetables with an optimum growing environment while saving an exorbitant amount of space. It gives people with limited space or poor growing conditions, such as people who live in cities an opportunity to grow their own herbs and vegetables. In addition to the herb wall, vegetables such as lettuce, spinach,beans,tomatoes, and many more can be seen throughout the garden. The garden is located adjacent to the kitchen of the residence to further enhance the garden to table idea. We hope that after seeing this fun themed garden people can both enjoy the space,but also try to apply many of the practices we show to their own landscape. We encouraged visitors to stroll through,or sit awhile in our garden, and learn about rain water harvesting, food crops,vertical gardening,and more!
Plant List: Botanical Name (Common Name)
16 - Buxus microphylla 'Franklin's Gem' (Franklin's Gem Boxwood)
1 - Nandina domestica (Heavenly Bamboo)
3 - Dicentra eximia (Bleeding Heart)
5 - Hellebourous orienta/is (Lenten Rose)
8 - Vaccinium corymbost"1J (Highbush B;ueberry)
4 - Hellianthus anuus (Sunflower)
15 - Calendula officina/is (Marigold)
30 - Assorted Vegetables
30 - Assorted Herbs
Photo Credit: W.D. Wells & Associates, Inc. | <urn:uuid:75a8e997-b14f-47c5-ae8e-00902524a388> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.houzz.it/foto/orti-in-giardino-foto-e-idee-phbr1-bp~t_16714~a_34-233 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.902416 | 545 | 1.851563 | 2 |
A good example for Serbia
How to be always prepared for something new? Well, don’t invest in material values and capital. It could always be instantly lost. Invest in ideas. Invest in mindset. It is something you can carry with you every time you are in trouble.
Be ready to leave everything and start it all over again
What is the nation with most startups in the world? The answer is unexpected if you don’t apply enough of analytical thinking. The answer is: Israel! Why? Because the Jews, for hundreds of years, like the Serbs, were subject to persecution. Very easily it could happen that one day you have a small shop, a jewelry store, a bakery, a bank, and the next day you are, all of a sudden, forced to remain exiled after the fire flared in your business. Antisemitism was rampant from the Crusades (at least) until 1945 (and even later, especially after the formation of Israel, in the Arabic countries). Therefore, the Jews had to learn, during the 2,000 years of exile from Palestine, their homeland, to govern skills and ideas. Thus, in their society it is always the same: the most respected person is the one who can make money, not the one who has money, contrary to the popularo opinion.
Israel, the country with the population of roughly 8 million people and just about 20,000 km2 of territory really impresses people when it comes to creativity in business. We all know Jews have done great works in many areas, won staggering number of Nobel prizes, but basically what Israel is really like is well beyond anyone’s imagination. It’s called the Startup Nation, and there is a little doubt why. Jews, not only Israelis, broadly taken, are smart and well-educated, have only 0.2% of world population, but they have 54% of Chess champions, 27% of Nobel Laureates in physics, 31% of Nobel Laureates in medicine, 6 Nobel Prize in recent years: 4 in Chemistry and 2 in Economy.
Staggering facts, indeed
Israel Institute of Technology – Weizmann Institute of Science and Technion are placed in the top twenty academic institutions in the world. It has contributed to the fact that in Israel, a very young country, there are more scientists and engineers per capita than any other country. It is what made Israel a world centre of technology and startups. By comparison, that number is almost twice higher than in the United States and Japan. Annually in Israel citizens creates more than 200 new start-ups an in Israel there are astonishing 2500 startup companies currently operating.
Well, let us examine some facts about that. The data obtained from Reinhold Cohn Group, the Israel’s leading IP firm tell us the following:
- Israel is No. 1 in the world in number of startups per capita: ~1 startup per 1,800 Israelis
- Israel is No. 2 in the world in absolute number of startups. For a country so small it is amazing. Of course, as expected, the U.S. is No.1. Try to find on the Internet the Israel Startup Map. You may check out there, in order to have a visual sense of the startups, incubators and R&D in Israel. Well, you will be quite amazed.
- Israel is No. 3 in the world in number of companies traded on NASDAQ after U.S. and Canada.
- Venture capital investment per capital in Israel is 2.5 times over the U.S. and 30 times than Europe. The absolute amount is the sum of Germany and France.
- Israel is the world leader in number of patents per capita, and it’s also No. 1 in R&D spending per capita.
Technology is better, technology is the best!
There are quite a few fascinating technology/products invented in Israel, including: mobile phone technology, top of the line Intel processors, USB flash drivers, ICQ instant messaging system, drip irrigation, firewall technology, ingestible pill video camera (PillCam), voice-over-IP, electric car network system (Better Place), community-based navigation (Waze) and iron dome. And one third of all new ‘game-changing’ medical technology are orginated in Israel such as Oridion, InSightec. There are whole areas in Tel Aviv and its surrounding, like Herzliya or Petah Tikva, “stuffed” with high-rise building “stuffed” with scientists. It is often called “Sillicon Wadi” (wadi is Arabic for valley, you rightfully guess). Haifa is the second example of such a cluster.
The consequence of all the achievement above is that it has become a growing trend for establishing major R&D centres of multinational companies in Israel. Right now, the big players include IBM, Cisco, Microsoft, Google, SanDisk. Therefore, we have no surprise to see that Israel is the number export country in Intellectual Property (IP) which is the greatest value that Israeli bring to the global industry.
Regarding the hot spots of Israeli innovation, well, there are some new thing that will happen soon! Communication, Digital printing, Internet & Media, Green technology, Waste management, Water technology, Solar energy, Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, Medical devices. It will be exciting.
Smart cities are the next step
The company “Cisco Israel”, for example, is a leader in promoting the new “smart” ideas for cities of Israel. “Intelligent cities proportionately bring benefits to townspeople and improve connections within the settlement, bring together people, just like infrastructure.” – Said Roei Hermon, is one of the directors of Cisco Israel.
Intelligent or smart cities will have the technologically advanced kiosks with touch screens, or instructions that can help you to find a free parking or free garage nearby. Cities will also be able to economically progress with some of the new technologies, such as intelligent traffic lights that illuminate only when necessary (sensor-activated) or by means of efficient algorithms for determining the available public parking.
John Baekelmans, Cisco vice president, who lives in London, said that each city is different and will develop various technologies that will be able to solve every problem individually for each city and each unique specific need. Tel Aviv, however, would be a field in which will try some of the new technologies, such as intelligent gigantic kiosks that can, for starters, help many tourists find their way in the city and improve their experience.
A guideline for Serbia
Israel is quite small and lacking of all sorts of resources, and it’s surrounded by the sea not too many friends. The only way to survive and become stronger is to innovate, say the officials. And they are quite right. And it is, as the final conclusion, a good example for Serbia. Israeli culture is similar to the Serbian one because the Serbian society developed during the wars, embargos, bombings, and it’s why it could be considered ideal for the development of entrepreneurship. The Israelis do not respect authority, think outside the box and, above all, do not have too many alternatives for the business but to create their own. Well, just like Serbs.
So, that’s a case for Serbia. There is no better. And no one will come to invest in us just like that, for no reason at all, do not listen to politicians. Invest yourself in yourself, in your idea, and then it will appear interested, and the money will come. See two technological marvels that are not from the United States: Skype, from Estonia, and Viber. Where is Viber coming from? From Belarus and Israel. Case closed. | <urn:uuid:ce75bf3f-e8fb-41a3-b5bb-ab2be9b8b561> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.diplomacyandcommerce.rs/israel-the-startup-nation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.944461 | 1,616 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Early designs for Cambridge Children’s Hospital win planning permission
The early designs for Cambridge Children’s Hospital have been awarded planning permission.
Intended as a “trailblazer” for its integration of physical and mental child healthcare, the hospital is planned opposite the Rosie Hospital on Robinson’s Way, on Cambridge Biomedical Campus.
Councillors heard it will be an exemplar in sustainability, incorporating as many outdoors spaces as possible, with gardens, courtyards and terraces providing access to nature and spaces for play and relaxation, while supporting biodiversity and wildlife.
The main hospital building will be enclosed in a wide landscaped green perimeter which the designers say will recreate the feel of a summer meadow.
Critical care, operating theatres, day surgery accommodation and in-patient mental and physical health wards are planned for children and young people from birth until the age of 19, with space also provided for imaging and radiology, staff and dedicated family areas, biomedical research, public reception and a café. A central integration hub will lie at the heart of the building.
It will serve children and young people across Cambridgeshire and the Eastern region - including Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire - but also nationally and internationally, as a ‘hospital without walls’.
Councillors on the joint development control committee of Cambridge City and South Cambridgeshire District Councils gave their approval to the early designs and floor plans at their meeting today (Wednesday, March 16), following outline permission being granted in 2009. Construction could begin in 2023 and be completed in 2025-26.
Cllr Simon Smith (Lab, Castle) was impressed by the “leading edge” work on limiting carbon emissions in the building designs, with an energy consumption aim of just 150kw per square metre per annum.
“I can really commend this proposition and this development overall really is outstanding and exceptional, and we’re very, very lucky it is coming to this city,” he said.
Councillors heard that the aim is to achieve a BREEAM ‘outstanding’ rating for sustainability and a net zero carbon route map is proposed.
The hospital, which includes a basement level, interstitial plant floor and roof level plant, will have an estimated footprint of around 35,000 sq m in total, including 5,000 sq m of University of Cambridge research space. The plans also include details of possible future development for the hospital.
Initial concerns over flood risk on the site had been addressed, according to a council report, as it was shown that surface water could be discharged to the existing swale. The local flood authority, Cambridgeshire County Council, withdrew its objection on those grounds.
Although the hospital is predicted to generate a need for 242 car parking spaces, only limited car parking is envisaged on site in the north-east corner, for blue badge holders, ambulance parking and car-pool spaces, and there will be drop-off spaces out the front. The remainder are likely to be found through car parks, including the multi-storeys nearby and there is an expectation that growing numbers of people will also shift to more sustainable modes of travel, particularly with Cambridge South railway station planned. However, the planning approval includes a condition that a detail parking strategy should be drawn up.
Some 234 staff cycle spaces and 130 visitor cycle spaces are planned.
Cllr John Williams (Lib Dem, Fen Ditton and Fulbourn) was happy with the application, but said: “I do feel we are still a bit in the dark as to the overall transport plan for this site. Can I urge the NHS to come forward with that plan as soon as possible, as we’re being asked to make decisions without the full knowledge of the transport impacts that are associated with those decisions?”
Stephen Kelly, the joint director of planning and economic development, said: “That concern is clearly understood.”
He said work was ongoing on a ”much more cogent transport strategy for the whole site” with partners on the Cambridge Biomedical Campus under the Local Plan first proposals work.
After the meeting, Andrew Tollick, senior programme manager for design and construction at Cambridge Children’s Hospital, said: “I’m delighted that we have taken another big step towards making Cambridge Children’s Hospital a reality. There is still a long way to go before building work can begin but planning approval for the early external designs is a rock-solid foundation.
“We are determined to realise our vision for ‘a whole new way’: one that integrates children’s mental and physical health services alongside world-class research to provide holistic, personalised care in a state-of-the-art facility.”
Work is continuing on the outline business case, which will need signing off by the Department for Health and Social Care and NHS England & NHS Improvement
The government pledged £100million for the hospital in December 2018, with a further £50m-£80m expected to be raised for phase one – and one estimate suggested a total of £350m may be required to complete all phases of the work. A fundraising campaign is continuing for the hospital, which is designed to take care of the “whole child, not just their illness”,
An international design team, from Turner & Townsend, Hawkins\Brown, White Arkitekter, Ramboll and MJ Medical, with support from planning consultants Bidwells, put together the plans.
And they engaged with members of Cambridge Children’s Network, which is made up of children, young people, parents and carers from across the region, who have helped to shape the feel of the hospital in the early designs.
Tristan, 11, said: “I did a design programme with a group of people who help design the hospital. It was fun and we got to join in a lot.
“At the end they showed us what the outside of the hospital will look like. It was really cool and I liked it a lot.
“When I saw the drawings there were bits of greenery inside the hospital, right in the centre, and I knew I had something to do with that. It made me feel proud.
“It’s really important that children and young people are involved in designing the hospital because we’ve been in hospital at a young age and we’ve had experience. We can say we didn’t like this, so we should change it.”
Clinton Green, director at Turner & Townsend and design team project director, said: “The new hospital is a trailblazer in how integrated children’s mental and physical care is delivered. Its landmark design for a state-of-the-art healthcare facility, with its focus on sustainability and wellbeing, will set a new standard of paediatric care as an example for other hospitals across the UK and beyond to follow. The speed of reaching the major milestone of planning permission approval is testament to the expertise and collaborative efforts of the entire design team, working side by side with the Cambridge Children’s Hospital team on this important journey.”
Plans for an underground service corridor, which will enable goods, deliveries and waste to be moved between the new hospital and the existing underground service network, were also approved.
Meanwhile, work is continuing on plans for the Cambridge Cancer Research Hospital, also on the Cambridge Biomedical Campus. | <urn:uuid:b8de3a3b-c9dd-477c-b497-1d6634cb0f7f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cambridgeindependent.co.uk/news/early-designs-for-cambridge-children-s-hospital-win-planning-9244870/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.960105 | 1,561 | 1.585938 | 2 |
As a nation, we are living through a form of economic dystopia, where living costs are continuing to rise, and the bare essentials are drifting further and further out of reach for many families. While this is the reality that many are facing, and one that we are now well aware of, thanks to near-constant media coverage, the effect of this economic crisis upon students across the UK is largely overshadowed. Students are fighting to sustain their daily budgets, food shops, and essential night-out expenditures. This is also the case for students here at Warwick.
almost 78% of student respondents have cut down on their weekly food shops, and the amount of money they spend on socialisation.
In a social media survey conducted by the Boar Features, 100% of Warwick student respondents agreed that they have been affected by changes in food and bill prices this last academic year. On top of this, 75% of students said that they have noticed an increase in food prices as part of their weekly shop, and almost 78% of student respondents have cut down on their weekly food shops, and the amount of money they spend on socialisation – a fundamental feature of student living.
It’s happening right at home. Life as a Warwick student might just be incomplete without a few things: the U1, Pret, and Tesco Meal Deals. Yet in March 2022, Stagecoach West Midlands released a statement that they are increasing bus fares for the first time in three years because of a 12% increase in bus industry costs. Even worse is the fact that the Pret subscription is now 25 pounds a month, compared to a previous 20 pounds. To top it all off, the staple Tesco meal deal has now risen to £3.50, for those who are yet to get a clubcard.
A 3rd-year English student commented that: “Prices in Rootes grocery store have definitely increased; I think that the meal deals are the same price as Marks and Spencer’s – how can this be okay on a university campus?”
According to Save the Student, the rising cost of energy bills will hit students the hardest.
This sentiment is reflected across the UK with a Save the Student survey finding that 80% of students are anxious about the cost-of-living crisis in the UK. One student specified that she: “feared student life will be severely impacted as we will have to cut back on so many of the things that we enjoy just to get by, or take out even more loans, putting us in even more debt and harming us later in life.”
Additionally, the Save the Student survey found that 58% of students have noticed an increase in their energy bills and have cut back on socialising as a result, confirming that the compromising decisions that Warwick students also claimed to be facing are a nationwide reality. According to Save the Student, the rising cost of energy bills will hit students the hardest.
More bluntly, a student said: “It is extremely difficult to prepare for the future, as we have no money left to put aside for savings or for investments. For those of us that want to enjoy the social aspects of student life, we are forced to either sacrifice our enjoyment, or our futures – a choice I feel no young person should ever have to face.”
One note of particular interest is that as universities across the country acknowledge the importance of this economic issue, they neglect to concede that action must urgently be taken. Speaking to several students, many commented on the lack of action that has been seen as prices continue to spiral. One 2nd-year Maths student said: “Warwick should at least say something about rising prices, even if they don’t subsidise any of the services on campus. I’d like free lunches or something like that.”
the combination of rising costs, debt, and bad government decisions has been a constant in the lives of university students for many years now.
There is a larger problem here as well. The chief inspector of Ofsted has said that rising prices and inflation has led to more students choosing to stay at home for university, and there are growing concerns that this could lead to further education inequality in the UK. Statistics from the Higher Education Agency reported that the number of UK university students living in their parental or guardian home rose from 327,300 in 2014-15 to 456,870 in 2020-21.
Students will now pay £9,250 for a degree that consists of sitting behind a computer screen rather than immersing themselves in an educational culture that has moulded adults for hundreds of years. Many would agree that socialising at university, including participating in society culture is equally as important as what you study. The relationships formed, life skills harnessed, and night-out recovery methods devised, alongside the academic stimulation, create well-rounded individuals with a batch of unique experiences. Yet the current concerns around the cost-of-living crisis are certainly dulling the shiny appeal that university life used to offer.
And even this is reported as becoming difficult. Those who live at home must commute to university to attend their lectures and seminars. Some students who can commute from their homes in Coventry and Birmingham, have expressed overwhelming feelings that increased prices on campus are making it less palatable to make the journey to university.
While the rest of the nation battles the spiraling inflation with seeming surprise, the combination of rising costs, debt, and bad government decisions has been a constant in the lives of university students for many years now. The government’s recent decision to raise student loan interest rates has been portrayed as a coup de grace to this significant economic issue. Yet, following the announcement that student loan interest rates were going to be hiked up to 12%, even former Tory ministers criticised the policy, describing how it would discourage students from going to university for fear of amassing heavy debt. If the current crisis wasn’t enough to pummel the pockets of the largely financially-constrained students, then the curation of a debt-filled future is a foreboding image.
The more prices go up, the more hours I have to work to pay for my degree [..] in taking on a job with a lot of hours I’ll struggle to have any downtime which isn’t great for my mental health
– Warwick student
Coupling the rising cost of living with these interest rate rises is causing serious concerns to gather amongst the student population. It is not just that students may have to change their lifestyles, but that this leaves little room for students to enjoy their free time, potentially leading to a rise in mental health issues amongst the student population. One Warwick student framed it simply: “The more prices go up, the more hours I have to work to pay for my degree [..] in taking on a job with a lot of hours I’ll struggle to have any downtime which isn’t great for my mental health.”
This worrisome trajectory was captured several months ago, in a report publicised by the Evening Standard. The report illustrated a link between deteriorating student and graduate mental health with rising student loan interest rates. The report says: “Graduates experience some emotional and psychological disturbance including anxiety and despair – because of the size of their student loan debts.” This disturbance will no doubt grow as concerns about energy bills and food prices sneak into the consciences of students.
So how do students who are battling this cost-of-living crisis alleviate some of the economic pressure? In Scotland, the National Union of Students has called upon the government to “address the summer gap”, referring to students who will find coping with rising living costs in the summer financially difficult. A recent study made by the union found that over 50% of students were going to need financial assistance for the summer. Regrettably, yet unsurprisingly, the English government has thus far remained silent on aid for students in need, even though they themselves have agreed on the brutal reality.
The unfortunate economic state of our country means that students will have to bear the brunt of the rising living costs, alongside the initial worries over graduate markets and our actual degrees. Whether we will see improvement at Warwick is now up to us, as students, we can hold senior staff and SU leaders accountable for the decisions they make. | <urn:uuid:e827fa86-d169-4456-92d4-82bfc6b43483> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theboar.org/2022/07/warwick-students-are-battling-a-cost-of-living-crisis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.970404 | 1,711 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Low levels of compliance with the recommendations and orders of supranational human rights bodies remains a major challenge for those of us who see international courts as critical protectors of human rights. One key question we face is what role these bodies should play to ensure implementation of their own decisions? While the dynamics of implementation are multi-factored and multi-actored, human rights bodies like the Inter-American Court of Human Rights do more than mere monitoring of orders; rather, they trigger and cajole implementation in different ways (as explored by Sandoval, Leach and Murray, in Monitoring, Cajoling and Promoting Dialogue, JHRP, 2020). Of all international human rights courts, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights has proved to be the most innovative in responding to implementation challenges despite its limited resources. This presentation will explore the strength of its approach, which arguably rests on its ability to use and combine different tools to that end. The presentation will also explore the challenges the Court faces and potential ways to address them. | <urn:uuid:a30684a1-b752-48dc-8755-7453eb0054a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.icon-society.org/conference_paper/the-role-of-the-inter-american-court-of-human-rights-on-monitoring-and-cajoling-implementation-of-its-decisions-lessons-learned-and-looking-at-the-future/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.932048 | 209 | 1.867188 | 2 |
In glass industry, there are two normal ways to print patterns on glass, one is screen printing, the other is UV printing. Glass screen printing is made the patterns according to the customer’s drawings, printing through the squeegee, so that the ink through the mesh and comes to the glass. Screen printing net is mainly made with films that printed with graphics by computer and photosensitive glue. Pattern and text can be changed, ink must be used special ink for glass screen printing.
UV Printing, also known as inkjet printing. Graphics or patterns should be made by computer first, and then through the print nozzle to print out the needed patterns, the working principle is similar to the common inkjet printer.
The options on colors for screen printing are limited, because screen printing machines can only proceed one color at a time, if you need to print a variety of colors, you need to make several different nets for different colors. While UV printing can proceed different colors at one-time.
Screen printing can not make gradient colors, UV printing can print excellent bright, beautiful picture or pattern, gradient color can be printed too.
The adhesion of the color by screen printing is strong. During printing, the ink will emerge curing agent on glass surface, so that the ink better adsorption on the glass surface. The pattern on glass won’t fall off unless you use a tool to scratch it. Although UV printing will spray a layer of curing agent-like coating on the glass surface, but it will be easy to fall off, especially when the time is long, the printed pattern will fall off layer by layer.
Glass screen printing generally used in the screen printing home appliance glass, to ensure that the ink will not fall for a long time. UV printing is commonly used in some household glass decoration. | <urn:uuid:a0400a38-72cd-4a86-b74f-cb841c9f74dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fstechwin.com/the-difference-between-silk-printing-and-uv-printing-on-glass/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.933269 | 369 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Big Tech welcomes Biden presidency, but battles loom
Nov 11, 2020 - 10:40 AM
WASHINGTON — Silicon Valley is welcoming the election of Joe Biden as US president even as it girds for a series of battles over tech policy in Washington.
The transition comes amid a growing “techlash” as lawmakers and policymakers struggle over antitrust enforcement, social media regulation, immigration and other contentious issues.
“Tech companies are happy with the outcome but there is some trepidation as well,” said Bob O’Donnell, analyst at Technalysis Research.
O’Donnell said scrutiny of tech giants will likely continue or even intensify in Washington regardless of which party is in power.
Darrell West of the Brookings Institution’s Center for Technology Innovation said “both Republicans and Democrats have complaints about how the sector is operating and there is going to be more oversight and regulation.”
Nonetheless, praise poured in for Biden after his victory from key tech leaders including Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, Microsoft president Brad Smith and Facebook’s number two Sheryl Sandberg.
Many progressives have pushed for an aggressive stand over concerns that Silicon Valley firms have grown too powerful, leading to greater economic inequality.
At the same time, the Biden campaign has cultivated ties with current and former tech personalities; and Vice President-elect Kamala Harris has ties to the sector, including her friend Sandberg of Facebook and her brother-in-law Tony West, Uber’s chief legal officer.
Here are tech issues likely to confront the Biden administration:
Potentially the biggest threat to the sector is on antitrust — specifically the idea voiced by some Democrats of breaking up the largest technology firms.
“Companies like Apple, Google and Facebook are going to have a rougher time,” said Patrick Moorhead of Moor Insights & Strategy.
While it would take a lengthy effort to break up major firms, the administration could take aim at Google’s control of digital advertising with a view to make that market more competitive, Moorhead said, or target Apple’s 30 percent commission for its online App Store.
Robert Atkinson, president of the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, said he expects “enormous pressure” in this area because “the left wing of the Democratic Party has made antitrust a central pillar of their agenda,” but that breakups are unlikely unless Congress revises pertinent laws.
The transition comes amid intense debate in Washington over internet regulations including social media liability and online privacy.
Most contentious appears to be the so-called Section 230 law which protects online services from liability from content posted by others. This has been a target from both the left and right, even as digital rights activists warn it is the cornerstone of online free speech.
Biden has said Section 230 should be “revoked” but has offered no details of any plan to reform the law.
Atkinson said Biden’s comments are “more campaign talk than anything else” and does not expect an aggressive push to repeal the law given its critical importance to the internet.
Biden is widely expected to reverse the Trump administration’s course by supporting net neutrality, which would require internet providers to allow access to all services without discrimination or unfair fees.
His administration will also confront choices on online privacy and law enforcement’s access to encrypted content, major points of contention between Washington and Silicon Valley.
Biden aides have signaled support for “European-style privacy legislation” to govern how tech firms use personal data, but will likely face challenges with a Republican Senate majority, according to Atkinson.
Biden has signaled he would overturn Trump’s orders limiting visas for skilled workers sought by technology firms, a major win for Big Tech.
“Biden will be much better for high-skill immigration and that’s something tech companies like a lot,” said Atkinson.
Moorhead said the tech sector will likely “find it easier to get skilled employees from overseas with fewer hurdles,” but that Biden “has to be careful that he doesn’t frame it in a way that is anti-US jobs.”
Biden is likely to reverse the Trump move on “decoupling” the US and Chinese economies, which will be a relief to the increasingly intertwined tech sectors of the two countries, said Atkinson.
He added that Biden’s team includes “foreign policy traditionalists,” who will look at human rights and strategic interests along with economic factors, enabling companies like Apple to flourish with operations in both countries.
Others noted that Biden could be forced to make national security choices that could anger Beijing and impact companies like Huawei and TikTok, which have been targeted under Trump.
“My sense is that Biden is going to continue to be tough on China,” O’Donnell said.
“Hopefully he can do it in a more productive way. We can’t ignore the fact that we are in a global economy and there is a lot of dependence between the two nations.” | <urn:uuid:1708a6c2-2708-413a-abc0-5a579de1164f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.zonntech.com/big-tech-welcomes-biden-presidency-but-battles-loom/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.946932 | 1,069 | 1.625 | 2 |
On this July 4th I need to share a story that epitomizes the gallantry, bravery, integrity, mindset and heart-set of who Tom Brokaw refers to in his best-selling book as The Greatest Generation. Psychologists tell us that we are defined by our significant emotional experiences, and this generation was identified through military service and defined by how they responded to the call to duty for honor and country when America came under fire in World War II.
One attached photo shows three World War II heroes, all of whom I have had the privilege of sharing the speaking platform with and who I proudly call friends: Flying Ace Alden P. Rigby, who on the morning of Jan. 1, 1945, shot down five Nazi war planes in the Battle of the Bulge; Gail Halvorsen, who during the Berlin airlift in 1948-49, created ‘Operation Vittles,’ in an effort to raise morale in Germany by dropping candy via miniature parachute to the city’s residents, for which he became known as the ‘Berlin Candy Bomber;’ and Chase Nielson, a Doolittle Raider who on one single day, in one mission, changed the course of history forever.
The second attached photo is explained in the following tale.
America was brutally attacked at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. We had been pacifists and isolationists up to that point in World War II. Amazing how this unprovoked bombing quickly changed our mind-set and altered our center of gravity. We immediately declared war on Japan, but without the strength of our navy, we lost battle after battle in the pacific.
The morale of our fighting force and general population was shaky at best with no better prospects for the future. With the majority of our battleships destroyed in Hawaii, the Japanese navy was clearly the most powerful in the world.
General Hap Arnold desperately sought a way to swiftly improve American morale, rekindle hope, strengthen our center, and shift the momentum of the war. But how? He decided to call upon Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Doolittle—who was known as the “Master of the Calculated Risk” because of his success as an aircraft test pilot and national air-racing champion.
Arnold asked Doolittle if he thought it was possible to fly the land-based B-25 bombers off the aircraft carrier USS Hornet and bomb Japan. Clearly this would demonstrate to the Japanese emperor and the people of Japan that they were not invincible. The emperor had promised the military and his fellow countrymen that Japan would never be attacked and, as the superior global power, would never be vulnerable.
Doolittle called Arnold back and reported in the affirmative. U.S. Army and Air Force volunteers were solicited. Doolittle explained to the volunteers that their mission would be a special, dangerous, secret, one-way mission that could end in enemy territory and that the pilot’s lives would be in jeopardy.
And like all great leaders, Doolittle had vision with optimism stating, “this had never been done, not off a carrier, but with training it could be done.” The entire 17th Bombardment Group of a hundred-plus pilots, crew members, and maintainers volunteered anyway!
To prepare for the raid, sixteen B-25 land-based bombers were stripped down to bare bones equipment to minimize weight and were loaded onto the Hornet. Never before had bombers taken off at sea from a carrier, and instead of the usual five hundred feet of runway needed for a land-based takeoff, these pilots were given less than four hundred feet.
After being detected by a Japanese fishing boat, the “Raiders” were forced to take off much sooner and further away from Japan than they had anticipated. This meant that their mission suddenly turned from a one-way trip with no planned airfields on which to land to a flight in which they might not even have enough fuel to get them to land.
All eighty men went anyway! On the morning of April 18, 1942, their commander, Jimmy Doolittle, took off first, and the rest followed.
These sixteen B-25’s with five crew members each took off one by one in brutal, crashing waves and stormy seas, heading low and slow over the ocean toward Japan. And they made it!
With only a thousand pounds of bombs aboard, each plane took out specific targets in Tokyo and throughout Japan, including manufacturing plants and oil and gas refineries. In the grand scheme of things, the physical and economic damage rendered by this raid was minimal.
However, the emotional damage to Japan’s center of gravity changed the entire outcome of the war. No longer did the people believe the emperor’s promise that they could not be attacked. No longer did the Japanese government completely control the hearts and minds of the people.
Immediately after the Doolittle Raid, top Japanese military leaders were called from the fighting fronts back to Tokyo, along with planes and assets enough to protect the homeland. Confused by an attack on Japan by land-based B-25 bombers, and never receiving the message from the fishing boat that they were carrier based, the Japanese believed that the planes had taken off from Midway or Alaska and, therefore, they moved up by three months their plans to attack and capture Midway and Alaska.
From these strategic and close locations, Japan could easily attack California and the western United States, conquer us on our own soil, control, and rule! But moving up their attack plans on Midway left the Japanese fleet vulnerable, less prepared, and without the number of fighters necessary to protect Japanese ships.
Consequently, America took advantage of this and scored a decisive victory at the battle of Midway, destroying huge numbers of planes, killing many of Japan’s best pilots, and sinking major ships. Attacking Alaska and California became a physical impossibility.
Let us connect the dots from then to now. In hindsight, without each of these 80 Doolittle Raiders relentlessly pursuing individual excellence in preparing for and executing this one Tokyo raid, Japan would have been unstoppable, World War II would have been over in 1942, and Americans would be governed by Nazis or brutal racist imperialists and speaking German or Japanese to this day! So would the French and the British and the….
Sacrifice and Service Before Self
Yes, and as expected, every Raider plane ran out of fuel. Yes, they all crash landed and bailed out into the rainy darkness, not knowing if they would land in the friendly Chinese lands or in the brutal barbaric hands of the Japanese occupying that part of China.
One Raider was killed bailing out and two drowned in the high surf after ditching their planes the night of the raid. Five others were interned in Russia and the remaining eight brave Raiders remained in China as prisoners of the Japanese.
The Japanese had decided to make an example of their captives and conduct a trial. The verdict was decided before the proceeding had begun. Three were sentenced to death and immediately and brutally executed – shot in the head at close range mafia-style while kneeling down in a field.
The remaining five were sentenced to life imprisonment and would spend the next 40 months being tortured beyond belief as prisoners-of-war – one would die in prison do to dietary deficiencies.
64 of the 80 flyers made it back safely – some even returning to fly combat missions over Germany, Asia Pacific and North Africa with four of them actually getting shot down to become prisoners of the Germans until the end of the war.
In 2006, I was invited to attend the sixty-fourth anniversary celebration and reunion of the Doolittle Raiders held at Wright Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio, and met eight of the remaining sixteen living Raiders. I was honored and privileged to attend the private and sacred “goblet ceremony” as roll call was taken in alphabetical order. One of the attending Raiders was designated as spokesman for all who had passed away and reverently responded when each name was read, “Here.”
A unique and special spiritual atmosphere filled the room while each of the eighty names was called. There wasn’t a dry eye in the room.
At the end, the eight attending Raiders raised their goblets and toasted those who were ill or who had passed away since the last reunion.
Although in his 80’s, because of his good health and his natural ease in public speaking, for the last few years the Raiders designated spokesman has been Lieutenant Colonel (ret.) Chase Nielsen (navigator on plane number 6), who was the only one from his 5-man crew who survived the raid and was one of the four who spent the three and a half years in the prison camp.
When Lt. Nielsen was captured by the Japanese he was 6 feet tall, 185 lbs. and 20 years old. For 40 months no one knew he was still alive. His “Distinguished Service Cross” medal was presented to his grieving parents posthumously in a special ceremony in Washington D.C.
Lt. Nielsen had spent all 40 months in solitary confinement, and yet never caved into the torture to aid the enemy in their propaganda, returning home with honor, weak and frail, weighing only 103 lbs. Nielsen and the few survivors had been rescued a week after the war ended.
Can you imagine the exhilarating mixture of grateful shock and tears of joy, when three and a half years later and at the end of the war, Lt. Nielson suddenly calls home to tell his father who answered the phone, “Hi dad, this is Chase. I’m alive and well and was just released from a Japanese prison camp. I’ll be home soon.”
In 1946, Chase provided evidence during war crimes trials that helped convict Japanese officers of maltreatment and murder of prisoners.
Following World War II, he rose through the ranks in the Air Force, helping to build up the Strategic Air Command. He retired in 1961 as a Lieutenant Colonel.
Because every single one of the Doolittle Raiders clearly understood who they were, why they needed to attack Tokyo, and shared a collective covenant to service before self that they and their hundreds of team members who maintained the airplanes, trained the pilots, fed and housed all the people, ran the training bases sprinkled from Eglin, Florida to the west coast of California, and conducted the enormous task of ship operations on the U.S.S. Hornet, together they single handedly turned the tied of World War II that allowed our Allied Forces to rally and win the war!
We Americans must never forget what happened on December 7, 1941—or on April 18, 1942, or on September 11, 2001. Pearl Harbor, Doolittle’s Raid, and the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and aboard United Flight 93 all prove that one moment in time, one day, one battle, and one thirty-second period over Tokyo really can change the world forever!
Proudly we honor Chase Nielson as the first Utahn to earn the Distinguished Flying Cross, and was also awarded the Air Medal, the Purple Heart with Cluster, the Air Force Commendation Medal with Cluster, the Outstanding Unit Award, the Longevity Ribbon with Four Clusters and the Chinese equivalent of the Flying Cross.
Sadly, on March 23, 2007, 90 year-old retired Lieutenant Colonel Chase Nielson passed away peacefully at his home, leaving behind a grateful nation, a thankful world and a legacy of leadership and freedom that will live on forever!
Sadly, on June 27, 2016, 94 year-old retired Staff Sgt. David Jonathan Thatcher, one of the last two surviving members of the Doolittle Raiders, passed away. Thatcher’s death leaves retired Lt. Col. Richard “Dick” Cole of Comfort, Texas, as the only living airman from among 80. Ironically, Mr. Cole was Jimmy Doolittle’s co-pilot and the first to take off to lead the way, and now is the last one left to make sure the mission is complete, and that everybody has finally returned home!
Among my most prized and cherished possessions that I proudly display on my ‘Wall of Fame,’ is the photograph I have of me standing with eight Doolittle Raiders and the Chinese gentleman who helped save their lives by evading the Japanese until they could be rescued. Each of these Raiders autographed my photo, and every time I look at the picture I fondly reflect on that one historic night that I had the honor and the sacred privilege to spend hours chatting with Chase Nielson, Dick Cole and the rest of this heroic and energetic crew until the wee hours of the morning! God bless each of these superstars – ordinary men who when called upon did something extraordinary – not because it was expected by others, but because it was demanded of themselves!
Thanks to the Raiders and individuals like Chase Nielson, Alden Rigby, Gail Halvorsen, and the rest of the Greatest Generation, we all realize that America is the land of the free Because of the brave and the sacrifices of the hundreds of thousands of men and women who have served and are currently serving in the United States military. We love you and need you and honor each of you and your families on this and every Fourth of July! | <urn:uuid:c6f9c95d-b5e6-4fc8-8ec0-5f8aab53a75d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://danclark.com/tribute-doolittle-raiders/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.974739 | 2,765 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Homeless kids, chronic absenteeism, frustrated parents: L.A. Unified is back to school and trying to help
Nearly half a million Los Angeles children and teenagers streamed into more than 1,000 public campuses for a new school year Tuesday, many carrying burdens from their outside world: homelessness, malnutrition and difficulties at home that can contribute to chronic absenteeism, discipline problems and low academic achievement.
Yet on this first day of school — as scores of yellow buses took to the streets and students greeted one another with hugs and shrieks of excitement — the outside world also brought in a modicum of help. Although L.A. Unified School District leaders say students need exponentially more assistance to succeed, they are intent on targeting aid to help meet the basic needs of their most deprived youth.
In addition, the district is focused on developing more programs to fill in academic gaps, develop life skills and help parents better navigate an often frustrating school system bureaucracy.
The nation’s second-largest school district was highlighting some of these efforts on the first day back.
At Dodson Middle School in Rancho Palos Verdes, parents plan to take advantage of new rules that encourage their involvement. At Telfair Elementary School in Pacoima, a renovated wellness clinic aims to help one in four students who are homeless. At Van Deene Elementary in West Carson, staff members are focused on reducing chronic absenteeism after outside activists pressured the district to take action. And at Cortines School of Visual and Performing Arts downtown, a bank has funded a district-wide effort to teach high school students the important life skill of money management.
District officials emphasized that much more of the wealth, sweat equity and intellect of L.A. should be directed toward public schools.
During a day in which they crisscrossed the expansive school system, Supt. Austin Beutner and other officials touted community, civic and business organizations that are providing resources to students. They rolled up to Dodson Middle School in an electric bus and told parents and students about how a South Coast Air Quality Management District grant is providing curriculum and materials to 20 high schools so that students can measure pollution in their neighborhoods.
Dodson parents mobilize
This Rancho Palos Verdes campus is known for its core of involved parents, who were on hand early Tuesday to talk about how they pressed the district to make parent participation easier in their own neighborhood and across the school system.
The district used to charge parents a $56 fingerprinting fee before allowing them on campus regularly. This cost was to reimburse the district for submitting prints to search criminal records, to flag offenders who, for example, have been convicted of child abuse or sexual misconduct. The district is now absorbing this expense. L.A. Unified also is making it easier and less expensive for parent groups to hold fundraisers and other events on campus.
Not that such hurdles had ever stopped the Dodson parents. Booster clubs pay for extra classes and programs that make many students excited to come to school, said principal Diana Zarro, noting that there are boosters for the magnet school, choir and drama.
At Dodson, two-thirds of students qualify for free or reduced-price lunches. But eighth-graders still can look forward to grad night at Universal Studios, because parents raise money for that excursion.
Beutner told parents at the school that clearing the way for more parent involvement is vital to the future of education.
Van Deene cuts chronic absenteeism
Van Deene Elementary School in West Carson, stands as a success story for slashing its chronic absenteeism, which is defined as a student missing at least 10% of school. The schoolwide effort cut absenteeism from 11.3% in the first semester of the 2017-18 academic year to 3.3% the following fall semester.
Last year the principal visited classrooms to praise students with 96% attendance, distributing small rewards — pencils and donated gift cards for local chains like In-N-Out Burger. The school employs a two-day-a-month attendance counselor. An additional $108,000 in funding this year will help pay the counselor’s salary, as well as for other staff members who will spend time with students and parents outside the classroom.
Staff, teachers and administrators each took responsibility for mentoring two or three students, talking to them at least once a week, calling home when they were gone and asking them why they missed school when they returned.
Helping Telfair’s homeless
At Telfair Elementary School, where approximately one in four students are homeless and 90% are from low-income families, Beutner announced a pilot program to provide Section 8 subsidized housing vouchers for 50 families at the school and in the neighborhood. The Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles set aside the vouchers specifically to help very low income Telfair families. L.A. Family Housing, a nonprofit serving the poor and homeless, will provide families with mental health support, social services and housing placements.
Beutner said schools are the center of a community, but added,“community starts with having a roof over one’s head.”
In return, “what we’re expecting from the parents … is a commitment” to school attendance, said Douglas Guthrie, chief executive of the housing authority.
Down the street from campus, Telfair children and families now have access to a renovated wellness clinic, complete with a large waiting room and three exam rooms. The clinic will offer services regardless of a family’s ability to pay.
Before, students with a health issue “would be pulled out of class and maybe not come back until the next day,” said Celia Torres, a former Telfair parent who is now director of the school’s parent center. “They lost that instruction time.”
Money matters at Cortines High
The Cortines School of Visual and Performing Arts, located downtown, is best known for stellar student performers and artists. But officials also hope the school will take advantage of a new online program that teaches skills that will serve them into adulthood: understanding money, credit card interest rates and different types of loans, among other financial issues.
City National Bank has donated $1 million for “financial literacy” courses, and over three years the goal is to reach the district’s approximately 200 high schools.
Students can master up to nine online learning “modules,” which teach about such topics as how to manage a checking account. The sessions can stand alone in a career technical education class or be embedded within a government or economics class, for example.
Alexandria Perez, an 11th grade Cortines student, said she is eager to learn these concepts — even though she already knows one: “A debit card is your money and a credit card is the bank’s money.”
She wants to avoid the fate of her sister, who left college with debt but no degree.
“The need is overwhelming, and it’s unfortunate that financial literacy is not a requirement in the state of California,” said Russell Goldsmith, City National’s chairman. “We’re very pleased to be working with the district.”
The stories shaping California
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You may occasionally receive promotional content from the Los Angeles Times. | <urn:uuid:0e389528-8b49-449c-9fc5-0f36c60b1ca9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2019-08-19/la-unified-back-to-school-seeking-help-usd-first-day-of-school | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.964061 | 1,538 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Air Force Research Laboratory announces new space experiments
WASHINGTON — The Air Force Research Laboratory announced Sept. 2 it will pursue two new space experiments — one will test the performance of satellite instruments in low orbits and the other is to advance sensor technology to monitor cislunar space.
The experiments are run by AFRL’s Space Vehicles Directorate at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico.
Col. Eric Felt, the director of the Space Vehicles Directorate, said 27 teams submitted proposals and the two projects that won address important areas of space that impact national security.
The experiment known as “Precise” will study the physics of very low Earth orbit, or VLEO, which extends from 90 to 600 kilometers aboveEarth. AFRL said the experiment will examine the ionosphere and how gases impact radio propagation used for communications and navigation.
“The experiment will use sensitive satellite instruments and radio waves to examine changes in the ionosphere resulting from different compositions of ion source gases,” AFRL said in a statement.
Felt in June during a SpaceNews webinar mentioned that VLEO was an area of interest for AFRL. “This is like where you have to be thrusting all the time just to keep your satellite in orbit, at 200 to 300 kilometers,” Felt said.
The second project, named Cislunar Highway Patrol System. or CHPS, will focus on space domain awareness beyond geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO) all the way out to the moon.
“CHPS will explore concepts for object detection and tracking between GEO, where most U.S. Space Force satellites are flown, and the moon,” said AFRL.
NASA and commercial companies seek to harvest resources and return to the moon, Capt David Buehler, AFRL program manager said. “This increase in activity will require greater domain awareness. We want to be there providing safety of flight when the U.S. puts boots back on the moon.”
The CHPS experiment will investigate sensing technologies and algorithms for object tracking.
“We need to address really basic things that start to break down beyond GEO, like how do we even write down a trajectory. The current space catalog uses Two-Line Elements, or TLEs, which simply do not capture the complex orbital dynamics and have almost no meaning in cislunar space,” said Jaime Stearns, principal investigator.
The next steps for the project leaders will be to submit budgets, program timelines and specific technical objectives by Oct. 1.
At the SpaceNews webinar, Felt said the “best payoff comes from pursuing things that we’re not currently doing in space today.” | <urn:uuid:4ee1af2d-6604-4833-ba00-883820e82e1b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://spacenews.com/air-force-research-laboratory-announces-new-space-experiments/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.914878 | 566 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Dripping Springs, Texas
Dripping Springs, Texas
|• Total||8.80 sq mi (22.78 km2)|
|• Land||8.80 sq mi (22.78 km2)|
|• Water||0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)|
|Elevation||1,148 ft (350 m)|
|• Density||529/sq mi (204.1/km2)|
|Time zone||UTC-6 (Central (CST))|
|• Summer (DST)||UTC-5 (CDT)|
|Area code(s)||512 & 737|
|GNIS feature ID||1334617|
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.9 square miles (10.0 km2), all land. Most of the city drains southwest to Onion Creek, an east-flowing tributary of the Colorado River.
The town bills itself as the "Gateway to the Hill Country," referring to the 25-county region known as the Texas Hill Country.
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Dripping Springs has a humid subtropical climate, Cfa on climate maps.
|U.S. Decennial Census|
|Black or African American (NH)||47||1.01%|
|Native American or Alaska Native (NH)||20||0.43%|
|Pacific Islander (NH)||4||0.09%|
|Some Other Race (NH)||10||0.22%|
|Hispanic or Latino||989||21.27%|
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 4,650 people, 1,833 households, and 1,278 families residing in the city.
As of the census of 2010, 1,788 people, 662 households, and 455 families resided in the town. The population density was 468.7 people per square mile (181.1/km2). The 723 housing units averaged 176.8 per square mile (68.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 81.50% White, 0.90% African American, 1.30% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 16.2% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 29.10% of the population.
Of the 662 households, 23.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.9% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.3% were not families. About 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 25.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69, and the medium family size was 3.23.
In the town, the population was distributed as 30.3% under the age of 19, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 26.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.9 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $55,288, and the median income for a family was $61,875. Males had a median income of $51,307 versus $39,798 for females. The per capita income for the town was $28,482. About 5.7% of families and 10.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.4% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over.
Dripping Springs is part of the Sustainable Places Project, an initiative to help Dripping Springs and other Central Texas cities create livable places that reflect community goals as the cities grow.
An HEB grocery store and Home Depot are located near the junction of U.S. Highway 290 and RR 12. Dripping Springs is also the wedding capital of Texas and a tourist spot. The town and surrounding area is recognized as a brewery, distillery, and winery destination.
In 2014, Dripping Springs began to attract a new breed of tourists when it was named a Dark Sky Community, the first in Texas. The International Dark-Sky Association made the designation in recognition of the town's 2011 lighting ordinance that reduced outdoor lighting to a minimum. On the last weekend of March, Dripping Springs now hosts annual Dark Sky festivals drawing thousands of Astro-tourists.
The city is served by the Dripping Springs Independent School District. The city has one high school, two middle schools, and five elementary schools. The district is classified as 5A. The area is also served by the Pinnacle Campus of Austin Community College.
- Jensen and Danneel Ackles, husband and wife actors
- Phil Cates, former state representative from the Texas Panhandle and lobbyist
- Kyle Chandler, actor (Early Edition, Friday Night Lights, Bloodline)
- Johnny Gimble, fiddle player and songwriter, who played with Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys from the 1940s through 1960s
- John F. Gregory, optical engineer and designer of the Gregory-Maksutov telescope
- E. D. Hill, former host of Fox and Friends
- Jesse James, television personality, motorcycle builder, firearm builder
- Roger A. Keats, member of the Illinois Senate from 1979 to 1992. He moved to Dripping Springs in 2013
- Ben Kweller, musician
- Pat Mastelotto, Musician
- Adam Narkiewicz, a.k.a. 'Akira the Don', Musician and creator of the Meaningwave genre of Hip-hop
- Israel Nash (Israel Nash Gripka), singer/songwriter
- Kurt Neumann, lead singer and guitarist of BoDeans
- Dave Pelz, American golf coach and author
- Slim Richey, musician
- Gregg Rolie, Founding member of the bands Santana and Journey
- Patrick Rose, lawyer, former Democratic state representative, and subject of the documentary Last Man Standing: Politics—Texas Style
- Leonidas Johnson Rountree, newspaper publisher, born here in 1868
- Phillip Sandifer, songwriter, recording artist
- Cameron Duddy,Music video producer and bassist for Midland
References in popular culture
- "City of Dripping Springs Texas". City of Dripping Springs. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
- "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
- "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- "Census - Geography Profile: Dripping Springs city, Texas". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
- "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001): Dripping Springs city, Texas". American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
- "Dripping Springs, Texas Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase.
- "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
- "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved 2022-05-24.
- http://www.census.gov[not specific enough to verify]
- "About the Hispanic Population and its Origin". www.census.gov. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
- "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. 2010-10-05. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
- "Final Plan Presentation 12/10 | Dripping Springs SPP". Drippingsprings.sustainableplacesproject.com. 2012-06-13. Archived from the original on 2013-11-27. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
- Real estate growth trending westward Community Impact. 8 July 2014.
- "Signs of growth springing up - Austin Business Journal". Bizjournals.com. 2013-02-15. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
- Graczyk, Michael (2013-12-04). "More people, businesses moving to Dripping Springs | kvue.com Austin". Kvue.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-11. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
- "A foodie's guide to Dripping Springs | Relish Austin". www.austin360.com. 2013-08-31. Retrieved 2014-01-26.
- Drink and dine your way through these Dripping Springs hot spots culturemap Austin. 10 February 2014.
- "Dark Skies over Drippin'". The Attic. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
- "Dripping Springs ISD / Homepage". www.dsisd.txed.net. Archived from the original on 2015-03-15. Retrieved 2015-03-22.
- "Dripping Springs ISD Construction Website - Home". www.dsisdbond.net.
- "Pinnacle Campus - Austin Community College District". www.austincc.edu.
- "Jensen Ackles Isn't the Only Star at Family Business Beer". Texas Monthly. 2018-01-22. Retrieved 2019-05-07.
- Dobson, Jim. "'Supernatural' Star Jensen Ackles Opens A New Texas Brewery And Keeps It All In The Family". Forbes. Retrieved 2019-05-07.
- "Welcome to Johnny Gimble's world of Texas Swing! Rick Green - Former House Of Representatives - America's Constitutional Lawyer and Advocate - Founder of Patriot Academy". Johnnygimble.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
- "Biographies". Texasplayboys.net. Archived from the original on 2002-04-11. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
- "Retiring in Texas: Why a Former Illinois State Senator Became a Proud Texan | How Money Walks | How $2 Trillion Moved between the States - A Book By Travis H. Brown". howmoneywalks.com. 2 August 2015. Retrieved 2018-06-09.
- "Former State Sen. Keats Finds a Home in Texas". Scott Holleran. Retrieved 2018-06-09.
- "TEXODUS! We're moving to Texas and we're GOING ON a STREAMING TOUR!".
- "Leonidas Johnson Rountree". Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2010-12-27.[permanent dead link]
- "Home". Phillipsandifer.com. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
- Nolan, Liam (4 November 2019). "EXCL: Young Justice #10 Reveals a New Hero's Mysterious Backstory". Comic Book Resources (CBR). Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- Gaines, Kelly (11 February 2019). "Comics Recap: 2018 New Character Spotlight". DC Comics News. Retrieved 29 December 2020. | <urn:uuid:3339a25d-0003-4225-82e0-d0baf27fa2c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dripping_Springs,_Texas | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.873417 | 2,790 | 2.40625 | 2 |
With more than 3,600 varieties, the world’s most comprehensive indexed database includes names, images, and a taxonomy. From determinate and multiflora to mini, dwarf micro, and basket varieties—powerful search features enable you to identify specific tomatoes using a wide range of criteria.
‘Captain Lucky White’ was stabilized by by Millard Murdock of East Flat Rock, North Carolina, USA from an accidental cross of ‘Lucky Cross’ and an unknown variety. It is a sister line to well known ‘Captain Lucky’ tomato. Medium-sized fruit are white and round, slightly flattened, have juicy flesh with mild tomato flavor. Indeterminate, but compact plants with potato leaf foliage and good yield. Midseason, about 75 days to maturity. | <urn:uuid:a3e53956-1a5d-402b-b9c2-8ddf9f8ec797> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.worldtomatosociety.com/tomato/captain-lucky-white/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.894624 | 162 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Hysteria is an ancient word for a common clinical condition. Although it no longer appears in official diagnostic classifications, "hysteria" is used here as a generic term to cover both "somatoform" and "dissociative" disorders as these are related psychopathological states. This paper reviews the clinical features of four hysterical syndromes known to occur in a neurologist's practice, viz conversion, somatization and pain disorders, and psychogenic amnesia. The presence in the clinical history of a multiplicity of symptoms, prodromal stress, a "model" for the symptom(s), and secondary reinforcement all suggest the diagnosis, and minimise the need for extensive investigations to rule out organic disease. Psychodynamic, behavioral, psychophysiologic and genetic factors have been proffered to explain etiology. Appropriate treatment involves psychotherapeutic, behavioral and pharmacological techniques. A basic requirement is to avoid errors of commission such as multiple specialist referrals and invasive diagnostic and treatment procedures. Hysteria is a remediable condition if identified early and managed appropriately. | <urn:uuid:2064e0ae-3ce4-4ec6-befd-6ced42da8b09> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7627910/?dopt=Abstract | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.924119 | 222 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Kuwait City (AFP) - Kuwait's first-ever legislation on the rights of domestic helpers is a "major step" that other Gulf states should follow, Human Rights Watch said Wednesday.
Kuwaiti authorities should rigorously implement the law, passed last week, and address remaining legal and policy gaps that discriminate against domestic workers and put them at risk, the New York-based rights group said.
The new law grants domestic workers the right to a weekly day off, 30 days of annual paid leave, a 12-hour working day with rest, and an end-of-service benefit of one month a year at the end of the contract, among other rights, HRW said.
"Kuwait's parliament has taken a major step forward by providing domestic workers with enforceable labour rights for the first time," said Rothna Begum, Middle East rights researcher at HRW.
"Now those rights need to be made a reality in Kuwait, and other Gulf states should follow Kuwait's lead and protect the rights of their own domestic workers," she said.
Mainly Asian domestic helpers form around a third of Kuwait's two million foreign workers, and rights groups have criticised their exclusion from the labour law.
HRW has previously documented many abuses against domestic workers, including non-payment of wages, long working hours with no rest days, physical and sexual assault, and no clear channels for redress.
The watchdog raised concerns about some weaknesses in the new law.
It provides for a maximum 12-hour working day but does not specify "hours of rest," nor details for sick leave and fails to set out enforcement mechanisms, HRW said.
"Kuwait has set an important precedent for its Gulf neighbours by accepting that domestic workers' rights should be protected in law," Begum said. "Other Gulf countries should follow suit."
Kuwaiti MPs also passed a law related to the establishment of shareholding companies for the recruitment of domestic helpers in a bid to cut the cost for citizens and resolve problems associated with private recruitment offices. | <urn:uuid:c9bd6877-d528-43e3-bef9-5ac13b1740ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.yahoo.com/news/hrw-urges-gulf-states-kuwait-maid-rights-074204991.html?utm_content=buffer83571&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.964518 | 414 | 1.773438 | 2 |
The market has been gaining from strength to strength and if anything, we see greater participation across the globe as this rally matures into what looks like a long-term bull market.
One phrase we hear pretty often during such bull markets is the “Risk-on environment”. So what is a Risk-on environment and what are the indicators that allude to such a set-up?
Let’s take a look at some charts!
For some time now we’ve been stressing about stocks outperforming precious metals and small-&mid-caps outperforming Nifty50. While these indicate asset-class and sector rotation, the implication of both these outcomes is a risk-on environment. It translates into market participants consciously selecting high-risk set-ups in order to gain from increasingly rewarding returns.
In a typical risk-on environment, Gold underperforms stocks as can be seen in the chart below. Demand for this precious metal suffers in comparison to other asset classes as the risk appetite of market participants increases. Hence, stocks become a natural favourite.
While safe-haven bonds witness a dip, Emerging market bonds that are perceived to be highly risky, become more popular as investors begin to look for high yield bonds. A weaker dollar comes into play here as well.
Another notable sign of the willingness to take on more risk is when Emerging markets begin to outperform developed markets. With the current rally in place, Emerging markets are breaking out a 12-year resistance! If this isn’t a risk-on environment, I don’t know what is!
The last chart we will discuss is the AUS/YEN currency ratio. This currency pair is a good indicator or of a risk-on environment as it implies the global risk appetite. A positive AUD/JPY trend indicates risk-seeking dynamics while a negative AUD/JPY trend indicates risk-aversion dynamics.
These are some of the risk-on indicators we track, which give us an idea about market sentiment and broader market participation. Going by the charts shared above, the current market rally has not indicated a weakening momentum or trend over a long-term time-frame, and until then, we will continue to remain overweight on equities and base metals.
Thanks for reading and please let us know if you have any questions. | <urn:uuid:9d37c66f-1ac8-498a-826d-6fb341b5fbe4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://allstarcharts.com/risk-on-environment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.933072 | 485 | 1.75 | 2 |
Center for Sports Communication
About the Center for Sports Communication
Marist’s Center for Sports Communication is a global leader in the study of and practice in sports communication, helping to prepare an enlightened and engaged group of future leaders in one of society’s most far-reaching disciplines. The Center has achieved national and international recognition for the unique educational experiences it provides to undergraduates. Marist student interns provide industry-standard support for the Center’s work under the guidance of dedicated faculty, allowing students unparalleled opportunities and access. Some Center successes include creating and hosting a weekly sports show called “The Classroom” on ESPN’s radio network, partnering with both the Marist Poll and HBO’s Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel on sports-related survey research, building a unique speaker series that brings top leaders in the field to campus (including CBS sports broadcaster James Brown and Kevin Merida of ESPN sports blog The Undefeated), and serving as academic partner to the industry-leading Sports PR Summit. The Center has also presented Lifetime Excellence in Sports Communication awards to HBO’s Bryant Gumbel and ESPN’s Hannah Storm.
Marist's BA in Communication with a concentration in Sports Communication takes students beyond team scores and statistics. It requires that students read and analyze sports in new ways, critically examining the role of sports in society and considering such areas as gender, race, and public policy in the context of sports. The program combines ethical and theoretical depth with practical writing and public presentation skills. It further prepares students for careers in sports information and journalism by requiring an internship in the field.
Previous News & Events from the Center
Marist Center for Sports Communication/Marist Poll Results & Analysis:
The Marist Poll and the Center for Sports Communication have collaborated on a survey of sports watching habits in the era of the coronavirus. Sports fans confirm that they are spending significantly less time watching sports now than they have in the past, which ratings have also indicated. Our results also point to some of the reasons behind the drop, including resistance to athletes speaking out in the area of social justice.
The data is broken down by race, gender, and political party among other demographic information. When you look at it, you will see that Democrats and Republicans are reporting different reasons for spending less time watching sports, even though many from all sides of the political spectrum are.
For more on how politics, social justice and the coronavirus are disrupting viewing habits, click here.
Fall 2020 Events
To RSVP for any of these events, email firstname.lastname@example.org from your Marist account. Events are open to any student, faculty, or staff member at the College.
Thurs. Sept. 10, 6:00 p.m. Bob Costas: Costas currently calls baseball games for the MLB Network, and is a CNN sports analyst. He has covered numerous Olympics as part of his storied career as one of the most credible voices in sports.
Mon. Sept. 14, 11:00 a.m. Prof. Chris Riviezzo broadcast reel workshop: Riviezzo will help students think about how to present their video and digital work to future employers. This will be particularly useful for freshmen and sophomores so that they can archive their work as they go.
Wed. Sept. 30, 12:00 p.m. Jemele Hill: One of the few sports reporters President Donald Trump calls by name, Hill has a new podcast with Cari Champion and provides commentary on sports and culture for a number of outlets. She was at ESPN for more than a decade and hosted The Six with former Marist adjunct professor Michael Smith.
Wed. Oct. 7, 12:00 p.m. The Athletic NFL reporter Rhiannon Walker: She covers The Washington Team for The Athletic in an era where the team has been called out for sexual harassment and been forced to change its name after decades of Native American activism. Before that, Walker was at ESPN’s race and culture site, The Undefeated.
Wed. Oct. 21, 12:00 p.m. ESPN's Trey Wingo: Wingo is one of ESPN’s best-known hosts from his work with SportsCenter and NFL Live. He pairs with Mike Golic to host ESPN Radio’s popular morning show. Wingo is able to play information traffic cop in hectic environments, all the while making it look easy and fun.
Wed. Oct. 28, 11:45 a.m. - 1:45 p.m. Concussion coverage workshop presented by Chris Nowinski's Concussion Legacy Foundation: This is a unique opportunity to learn more about the science of concussions and the commonly-made mistakes in covering and discussing the issue. Too often, we avoid covering things we don’t understand, and this workshop will discuss the injury beyond the context of football.
State of the Unions
Adjunct Professor Michael Smith moderated the State of the Unions in the NYC Executive Center in February. With the WNBPA's executive director Terri Jackson, USWNT Molly Levinson and NFLPA Senior Director of Former Player Services Nolan Harrison, the discussion ranged from current Collective Bargaining Agreements to the unseen benefits players might try to negotiate for. Whether it is a 17-game season or child-care for players, students were able to ask about the intricacies hidden in these dense contracts.
Jane McManus to Take the Helm as Director of Center for Sports Communication
Following a comprehensive national search, Marist College has named sports journalist Jane McManus as the new Director of the College’s highly regarded Center for Sports Communication. McManus has had an illustrious career. She has covered New York sports since 1998, including 18 U.S. Opens, five Super Bowls, two NCAA Final Fours, and the inaugural season of the New York Liberty WNBA team. Her work has appeared in Newsday, USA Today, The Journal News, The New York Times, and most recently on ESPN. She also covered Brett Favre’s stint with the Jets. Read the full article >
Get in the game: Help produce Marist Athletics’ ESPN3 coverage
Learn to cut a replay in a live game setting and all the other skills that could one day get you in the control room for live events coverage. Contact Director of Athletic Multimedia email@example.com for more information. | <urn:uuid:de20c7db-5048-471a-9bd4-3854ae79d27f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://irb.marist.edu/communication-arts/center-for-sports-comm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.951431 | 1,353 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Camosun can meet all of your workplace training needs by specialised programs or sponsorship in our existing programs. It is a core role for Persevering with Schooling items that offer credit score programs to off-campus and adult, half-time learners. Licensing our bodies in a number of fields (corresponding to educating and healthcare) impose continuing schooling requirements on members who maintain licenses to proceed practising a particular occupation.
Whether you need better job opportunities or you’re trying to attempt one thing new, there is sure to be a Persevering with Training course for you. The one downside to the free classes is that you don’t get a certificate or schooling credits for finishing them. On-line studying has created a way more numerous and handy entry to credit score programs for grownup students, giving college students better choices and making conventional evening courses much less competitive. Usually, you’ll be able to use the remaining credits towards your credit requirement the next time period. Complete the Persevering with Training registration kind and ship it to our mailing deal with or FAX listed beneath. The entire courses supplied by this program are fully free when you qualify.
Continuing Training can effectively embrace online expertise to raised articulate the aim of serving the group with noncredit packages, research and expertise transfer packages, help for Ok-12 training and group growth, and associated services.
All this came into a recent focus when Inside Increased Training reported this week that U.S. Secretary of Training Arne Duncan was set to call for a brand new deal with accountability in American increased schooling.” Secretary Duncan’s quick focus is on accountability for student success, on behalf of the students, parents, and taxpayers who fund the cost of educating traditional college students.
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It has got a soothing effect which can relive you of acidity. It also helps in treating different issues like indigestion, vomiting, nausea, spasms and stomach pains. In ayurveda. It helps in balancing the 3 doshas in our body. It is a natural antibiotic. The use of cardamom with water has many effects on your body. It has a sweet and spicy aroma with a woody feel. It also used in aromatherapy because it helps in the improving the attentiveness and ease the mental functioning. It improves the heart health in animal research, though many more studies are required on human health. It has been used for over centuries as a mouth freshener. A study reveals that it has been used for the oral health to destroy many bacteria’s that causes the bad breath and cavities.
Black pepper help prevent infections and repair damage caused by free radicals..It is known as important healing spice ayurveda- it regulates Kapha, Vata and Pita. Black pepper helps you in weight loss. It improves the gut health. .Piperine is the active segment in it, this may fight the free radicals .it improves the digestion process and the absorption of beneficial compounds.
Cardamom is plant from the family of Ginger (Zingiberaceae). It has got menthol like flavor. It is one of the most expensive spice in the world. It is known as queen of the spices. It is a herbal spice. It can be powdered as fine powder. It is used to make herbal tea. It has a lot of phytochemicals that may be able to fight various diseases. In some studies it shows that it has about cancer fighting properties. It may have the ability to reduce anxious behaviors.
Black Pepper is known for its numerous benefits. It has an active compound called piperine may have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Black pepper has a well defined and earthily flavor, it also has a unique zesty taste. It is rich in minerals and vitamins.Blackpepper is called as a healing spice in ayurvedas. It’s used in preparation of an important ingredient in ayurvedas which has antitoxin and a disinfectant effect. It has got a sweet aroma.
Pepper is rich in minerals such as magnesium, copper, manganese, calcium, phosphorus and iron. Peppers are high in fiber, low in protein and high in carbohydrates. . It is a zero-calorie spice but which contains a very nutritive flavouring which is embossed full of various vitamins,carbohydrates,fibre like Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, Vitamin C, and Vitamin B6 and also it contains Riboflavin, Thiamin, Niacin, sodium, potassium, folate, choline, and betaine. https://lnkd.in/giA6GsT#spices #food #foodie #foodporn #indianfood #instafood #cooking #foodphotography #herbs #homemade #yummy #delicious #foodstagram #spice #foodblogger #healthyfood #spicy #curry #tasty #indianspices #organic #vegan #foodlover #healthy #masala #foodies #india #chicken #seasoning #bhfyphttps
Cinnamon is a favourite household spice, and has been used around the world for centuries. It was also once traded as currency.It has a pleasant flavour and warm smell that has made it famous in cooking, particularly in baking and dishes.The spice comes from the bark of a tree. The bark is peeled and laid in the sun to dry, The amazing aroma and flavour of cinnamon comes from the essential oils contained in the bark where it curls up into rolls known as cinnamon sticks.
Peppers are high in fiber, low in protein and high in carbohydrates. It is a zero-calorie spice but which contains a very nutritive flavouring which is embossed full of various vitamins,carbohydrates,fibre like Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, Vitamin C, and Vitamin B6 and also it contains Riboflavin, Thiamin, Niacin, sodium, potassium, folate, choline, and betaine. This is an exceptional amount of nutrition for a spice. High in antioxidants.
Cardamom is said as the “queen of spices”. It has a sweet taste. The powdered spice can be created from the whole ground pods or by tearing the outer skin of the pods and powdering the black seeds. It has got the ability to reduce anxiety disorders and vomiting. The ancient ayurveda has discovered the wonderful properties of cardamom and has bought this spice to our kitchens .It is a medicine to a common man.
Black pepper is one of the most commonly used spices worldwide. Black pepper is more than just a kitchen staple, It has been deemed the “king of spices” and used in ancient Ayurvedic medicine for thousands of years due to its high concentration of potent, beneficial plant compounds. Black pepper and its active compound piperine may have powerful antioxidant activity, which enhances the absorption of certain nutrients and beneficial compounds, and improved digestive health. | <urn:uuid:13fdf1a1-8549-4979-9e8a-0d01e833a573> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://firstqualityindianspices.com/blog/page/3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.947847 | 1,099 | 2.125 | 2 |
Workers are occupationally exposed mostly by inhalation and by skin contact. Dermal exposure gets considerably more attention in health risk assessments. The exposure via inhalation is reduced due to improved occupational hygiene measures and the contribution of dermal exposure to the total daily exposure is assumed to be increased comparatively.
External dermal exposure or better dermal deposition has been studied extensively and has finally resulted in regulatory default deposition values as mentioned in the European Technical Guidance Documents (EU 2003). One should realise, that dermal deposition is generally studied for chemicals with a relatively slow permeation rate in order to enable analysis of dermal deposition. However, studies into dermal absorption and especially into the dermal absorption rate in the occupational environment are less numerous. The European Technical Guidance Documents (EU 2003) recommends a conservative estimate of 100% dermal absorption for a substance with a molecular weight of smaller than 500. However, the kinetic aspects in this guidance are completely ignored.
This webpage provides a refinement of the dermal absorption model of Wilschut et al. (1995). The refinement includes a revision of the mathematical description of the model and the estimation of the lag time from published validated skin permeation coefficients and from stratum corneum/water partition coefficients of generally apolar substances. The permeation coefficient and the stratum corneum/water partition coefficient together are indispensable for the estimation of the lag time.
A QSAR for estimation of the skinpermeation coefficient through human skin in vitro may be derived from published skin permeation coefficients. The European regulatory risk assessors are convinced, that there are no reliable databases for skin permeation in vitro and in vivo.
Nevertheless, a database of validated skinpermeation coefficients has been published by Vecchia and Bunge (2002a,b). This database was used to derive 3 QSARs for estimating a skin permeation coefficient on the basis of the following starting points and are mathematically formulated as below:
The difference between the 3 models for the permeation coefficent and the maximum absorption from a saturated aqueous solution is shown for a substance with a molecular weight of 200 dependent on the octanol/water partition coefficient. The maximum solubility in water was estimated from the QSAR for water-solubility of EPI-Suite v3.20 (EPA 2007, equation 19 of WsKowWin.exe). The permeation coefficient and the maximum aqueous absorption have been plotted against the octanol/water partition coefficient both on a logarithmic scale.
Between a log(Kow) of -2 and +4 there is not much difference between the three QSARs. The highest aqueous permeation coefficient is mostly predicted by the QSAR, assuming that the stratum corneum has 2 pathways and that epidermal resistance has hardly any influence on the permeation coefficient. On the basis of experimental data this QSAR is considered to be most close to the measured skin permeation coefficients.
The regression coefficients of the QSAR assuming a stratum corneum with 2 pathways (item 2 above) were derived by means of non-linear regression analysis. The variance of the logarithmic transformed data was explained by the regression equation for 68 percent. Take notice that the effect of the molecular weight is fully different between the 2 pathways. The results are presented in the two tables below.
|Residual variance||= 0.4686|
|Degrees of freedom||= 177|
|Fraction of regression explained||= 0.682|
|b 1 = -2.590E+00||(SD for b 1 = 1.337E-01)|
|b 2 = 7.318E-01||(SD for b 2 = 5.396E-02)|
|b 3 = -6.832E-03||(SD for b 3 = 5.470E-04)|
|b 4 = 4.300E-02||(SD for b 4 = 6.158E-02)|
|b 5 = 1.361E+00||(SD for b 5 = 3.034E-01)|
The graphs below provide additional information on the goodness of fit:
The aqeous skin permeation coefficient, multiplied with the maximum solubility in water of the chemical of interest, results into the maximum absorption rate in mg/cm2/hour. However, this is only valid in case of steady state of stratum corneum partition, that means that the concentration profile in the stratum corneum does no longer change in contact with the aqueous solution of the chemical of interest. It takes some time for achieving the steady state of maximum permeation and this time may be considered to be the lag time. An estimate of the lag time is only possible, if information on the stratum corneum partition coefficient is available.
Vecchia and Bunge (2002) have also published a database on validated wet Stratum Corneum/Water partition coefficients. With the help of this database a regression line for the wet stratum corneum/water partition coefficient has been developed according to the equation below.
The regression coefficients of the QSAR for the stratum corneum/water partition coefficient have been derived by means of non-linear regression analysis. The variance of the logarithmic transformed data was explained by the regression for nearly 76%. The results are in the two tables below.
|Residual variance||= 0.1326|
|Degrees of freedom||= 95|
|Fraction of regression explained||= 0.7578|
|a 1 = 0.7201||(SD for a 1 = 0.1157)|
|a 2 = 0.4298||(SD for a 2 = 0.02493)|
The plot of the observed and estimated stratum corneum/water partition coefficient provides additional information on the accuracy of this regression line.
Still a problem remains for highly water soluble substances with very small octanol/water partition coefficients for instance sucrose (logKow = -3.7), raffinose (logKow about -6) and stachyose (logKow about -9). Because the substance with the lowest octanol/water partition coefficient in this database is water (logKow = -1.38), it is very difficult to extrapolate lower than logKow = -1.4. For stachyose the regression line predicts, that the wet SC/water partition coefficient on a volume basis should be about 0.0001. This seems to be not very probable, because stachyose is a very water soluble compound, the wet stratum corneum contains about 0.8 ml water per ml Stratum Corneum and the partially hydrated stratum corneum about 0.35 ml per ml Stratum Corneum (Nitsche et al. 2006). So a partition on a volume basis of around 0.5 or higher is well possible for stachyose. To extend the use of the regression line to logKow lower than -1.4 the predicted wet SC/water partition coefficient is increased with 0.5 for all cases.
The importance of the stratum corneum/water partition coefficient is obvious from the following equations. The diffusivity and lag time can only be assessed if both the aqueous permeation coefficient and the stratum corneum/water partition coefficient are measured or estimated from a reliable QSAR.
By using the equations above it is possible to get understanding of the kinetics of skin permeation from aqueous solutions.
The permeation coefficient for aqueous solutions (measured or predicted) can be easily converted to a permeation coefficient for gases by multiplication with the partition coefficient of the gas or vapour between water and air or by multiplying with the reciprocal measured dimensionless Henry coefficient. Multipication of the Kpsk-water with the Kwa produces the permeation coefficient of the skin (Kpsk-air, in cm/hour) for gaseous compounds.
For gaseous compounds permeating very fast through the skin, the diffusion from the air to the skin surface may become the rate limiting factor. In order to take this effect into account it is assumed that a layer of stagnant air is present between skin surface and workroom air. The thickness of this air layer for air diffusion modelling purposes is estimated to be 3 cm for light work clothing (Lotens and Wammes in 1993). The air diffusion constant (Dair, in cm2/hour) and the permeation coefficient of the air boundary layer on the skin (Kpair, cm/hour) are to be estimated according to the simple physical diffusion law of Fick. The overall Kpsk-air-air (in cm/hour) is controlled by the diffusion through the air boundary layer on the skin (Kpair) and diffusion through the skin (Kpsk-air).
The skin permeation rate of gases is estimated by multiplication of the Kpsk-air-air with the atmospheric concentration in mg/cm3. The atmospheric concentration is limited to its maximum vapour pressure at ambient temperature.
The advantage of this simple approach is to get some feeling for the skin permeation of vapours, when the permeation coefficient from aqueous solutions is known. Applying this model will predict a high permeation rate for gaseous aniline, nitrobenzene, glycolethers etc. and a low permeation rate for gaseous hydrocarbons like benzene and toluene. This is known from industrial practice, so this model seems to be consistent with real life observations. Not including the air boundary layer in the equation for the permeation coefficient of gases will result in unrealistic high estimates of the skin permeation rate in case of fast skin permeating substances. Model prediction of the permeability of vapours of apolar substances are mostly more accurate then that of the neat liquid. Direct skin contact with low levels of vapour does not result in defatting or irritation of the skin like may occur with neat liquid. Defatting and irritation of the skin are not considered in predicting skin permeation coefficients from only physico-chemical parameters.
Distinction is needed between the following exposure scenarios:
Skin contact with the neat liquid may cause structural changes in the stratum corneum due to defatting or irritant action. Defatting has an impact on the lipid structure of the stratum corneum, irritants will change the protein conformation. Both effects result in loss of the barrier function. Therefore permeation coefficients from aqueous solution do often not apply to dermal contact with the neat liquid in case of irritant and defatting liquids.
Another complicating issue is the occurrence of skin metabolism. If the permeation occurs slower than enzymatic decomposition, skin metabolism may convert the substance in faster permeating metabolites. Prediction based on only physico-chemical properties is no longer feasible.
If the liquid full strength does not change the structure of the stratum corneum, the permeation might be considered as permeation from an aqueous solution saturated with the liquid. The transfer from the stratum corneum to the blood is assumed to occur via a very thin water layer and to be controlled by aqueous diffusion. The water solubility can not be exceeded in the aqueous diffusion process.
In case of contact with aerosols like may occur during painting, the liquid will deposit on the skin. After deposition on the skin the following events may occur dependent on the physico-chemical properties and the dropsize:
The permeation through the stratum corneum becomes higher if the evaporation requires more time. Evaporation and permeation is dependent on physico-chemical properties like vapour pressure, water solubility, octanol/water partition coefficient and molecular weight. If the aerosol deposition is so high that evaporation to dryness of the skin does not occur, the exposure becomes more and more similar to dermal contact with the neat liquid.
In order to get some feeling for the fate of liquid aerosol on the skin, one should estimate the rate of permeation into the stratum corneum and the rate of evaporation at the same time. Material disappears by evaporation and permeation. If the liquid layer has evaporated, the substance continues to evaporate from the stratum corneum and to permeate through the stratum corneum into the blood at the same time. Riviere et al. (1999) studied the dermal absorption of topically dosed jet fuels to isolated perfused porcine skin flaps. They observed, that the naphtalene in a drop of 25 microlitre of jetfuel evaporated for 95% and of dodecane for about 89% in a period of 5 hours. The percentage of naphtalene in the perfusate was 1.4% of the applied dose . In case of dodecane this figure was 0.4%. The remaining resided in the epidermis. This process can only be modelled on the basis of diffusion layers. However, to show the appropriate model would be too detailed for this paper.
Dermal exposure to solids may occur via dust of the substance in air. The following processes are relevant:
It has been observed that the deposition rate of solids on clothes and the bare human skin is on the average 10 times higher than the normal dust sedimentation rate on horizontal surfaces. This was observed under standardised conditions and are assumed to be caused by air turbulence due to heat radiation of the body (Byrne et al. 1995). Solid material might also be lost from the skin of the hands due to several manual handlings, but quantitative data are lacking. The transfer of solids from contaminated surfaces of the workfloor to the skin has been observed to be between 1 and 10 % of the surface contamination (Paull 1997, Brouwer et al. 1999). These observations might be used as a rule of thumb to get some feeling for the deposition or transfer of solids to the skin of head and forearms.
How does the transfer of deposited solid material into the stratum corneum occur? Have the solid particles some vapour pressure or are they dissolved in the sweat from the skin. Might it be assumed, that the material is present as saturated solution and will permeate the skin at a rate similar as permeation from an aqueous saturated solution? An alternative assumption is to consider the maximum water permeation rate through the skin. The dermal absorption of a substance can never be higher than the amount dissolved in the maximum amount of water, that can permeate through the skin. These are more or less the considerations to make a worst case estimate of the extent of dermal absorption of a solid substance through the skin.
In the scope of contract research the permeation of phenylglycinamide, applied at a dose of 1000 microgram per cm2 as solid powder on human skin in vitro, was measured. The permeation was no more than 2 % of the applied dose over a period of 24 hours, that is 20 microgram per cm2 per 24 hours (Leeman and van de Sandt 1998).
The maximum permeation rate of phenylglycinamide from an aqueous saturated solution on the basis of the regression model, presented in this paper, was estimated to be 187 microgram per cm2 per 24 hours versus 20 microgram observed. The observed lag time was 4.15 hours and the estimated lag time 2.0 hours according to detailed model developments (see attached download file with underlying data).
As an alternative assumption it was estimated, that over 24 hour no more than 17 microliters water may pass the stratum corneum per 1 cm2. The maximum solubility of phenylglycinamide is 51.3 microgram per microliter. This means that the permeation will never exceed 872 microgram per cm2 per 24 hours.
In practice no more than 20 microgram per cm2 was permeating the skin in 24 hours. This means, that this recent Excel application(2007) for estimating skin permeation overestimated the measured permeation of phenylglycinamide with a factor of 9.
1. Published permeation coefficients of organic substances from aqueous solutions through human
skin in vitro appeared to support a theoretical model for simulation of permeation of organic substances
through the skin.
2. Modelling of skin permeation requires not only substance properties like the octanol/water partition coefficient and the molecular weight or the molar volume, but should also include diffusion kinetics.
3. Diffusion kinetics may provide additional understanding for the rate of permeation of gases, of liquids and of solid substances dissolved in water.
4. The model applies to non-ionised substances, which do not irritate, do not remove lipids from the skin and permeate faster than the substance is metabolised in the epidermis.
5. Model predictions are accurate within one order of magnitude. This is accurate enough to get some feeling for the contribution of dermal absorption in comparison with absorption by inhalation or ingestion.
Brouwer DH, Kroese R and Van Hemmen JJ, 1999. Transfer of contaminants from surface to hands: experimental assessment of linearity of the exposure process, adherence to the skin and area exposed during fixed pressure and repeated contact with surfaces contaminated with a powder. Applied Occuaptional and Environmental Hygiene 14, 231-239.
Byrne MA, Bell KF, Goddard AJH, Lange C and Roed J, 1995. Aerosol deposition velocity measurements to human body surfaces in Proceedings of the ninth annual conference of the Aerosol Society, Aerosols, their generation, behaviour and application.
EU 2003. European Technical Guidance Documents
Lotens WA and Wammes LJA, 1993. Vapour transfer in two-layer clothing due to diffusion and ventilation. Ergonomics 36(10), 1223-1240.
Leeman WR and Sandt JJM van de, 1998. In vitro percutaneous absorption study with phenylglycinamide through viable human skin membranes. TNO-Nutrition and Food Research Institute, TNO report V98.875, October 1998.
Mackay D, 1982. Correllation of bioconcentration factors. Environmental Science & Technology 16, 274-278.
Nitsche JM, Wang T-F and Kasting GB, 2006. A two-phase analysis of solute partitioning into the stratum corneum. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 95(3), 649-666.
Paull JM, 1997. A proposed risk-based model for the evaluation of surface contamination and the assessment of potential dermal exposure. Thesis submitted to: the School of Hygiene and Public Health of the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Riviere JE, Brooks JD, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Budsabe K and Smith CE, 1999. Dermal absorption and distribution of topically dosed jet fuels Jet-A, JP-8, and JP-8(100). Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 160, 60-75, 1999.
Vecchia BE and Bunge AL, 2002a. Skin absorption databases and predictive equations. Chapter 3 in Transdermal Drug Delivery, edited by Guy RH and Hadgraft J, Publisher Marcel Dek-ker.
Vecchia BE and Bunge AL, 2002b. Partitioning of chemicals into skin: Results and Predictions. Chapter 4 in Transdermal Drug Delivery, edited by Guy RH and Hadgraft J, Publisher Marcel Dekker.
Wilschut A, Berge WF ten, Robinson PJ and McKone TE, 1995. Estimating skin permeation. The validation of five mathematical skin permeation models. Chemosphere 30(7), 1275-1296.
The underlying databases, the program for estimation of the regression coefficients of the 3 QSARs, describing permeation from aqueous solution, and a MS-Windows application, using the QSAR considering permeation through the transcellular and intercellular pathways through the stratum corneum, can be downloaded from this website. Simple manuals have been included. You are free to add or replace records in the database SkinPermBasicData.xls to study the impact of changing records on the regression coefficients of the QSARs for the aqueous permeation coefficients.
Download databases, manuals and application!
Comments on this new approach are highly appreciated. Please send you suggestions for improvement to Wil ten Berge
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Open Source Intelligence
published: Dec. 3, 2007, recorded: September 2007, views: 32537
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Open Source Intelligence can be defined as the retrieval, extraction and analysis of information from publicly available sources. Each of these three processes is the subject of ongoing research resulting in specialised techniques. Today the largest source of open source information is the Internet. Most newspapers and news agencies have web sites with live updates on unfolding events, opinions and perspectives on world events are published. Most governments monitor news reports to feel the pulse of public opinion, and for early warning and current awareness of emerging crises. The phenomenal growth in knowledge, data and opinions published on the Internet requires advanced software tools which allow analysts to cope with the overflow of information. Malicious use of the Internet has also grown rapidly particularly on-line fraud, illegal content, virtual stalking, and various scams. These are all creating major challenges to security and law enforcement agencies. The alarming increase in the use of the Internet by extremist and Terrorist groups has emerged. The number of terrorist linked websites has grown from about 15 in 1998 to some 4500 today. These sites use slick multimedia to distil propaganda whose main purpose is to 1) enthuse and stir up rebellion in embedded communities 2) instill fear in the “enemy” and fight psychological warfare. Anonymous communication between terrorist cells via bulletin boards, chat rooms and email is also prevalent. The Joint Research Centre has developed significant experience in Internet content monitoring through its work on media monitoring (EMM) for the European Commission. EMM forms the core of the Commissions daily press monitoring service, and has also been adopted by the European Council Situation Centre for their ODIN system. A new research topic at the JRC is Web mining and open source intelligence. This applies EMM technology to the wider Internet and not just to news sites. This applies advanced multi-lingual search techniques to identify potential web resources and the extraction and download of all the textual content. This is then followed by automatic change detection, the recognition of places, names and relationships, and further analysis of the resultant large bodies of text. These tools help analysts to process large amounts of documents and derive structured data easier to analyse.
This talk will review 4 main topics:
• Internet trends and the rapid rise of Web 2.0 user generated content • Information retrieval: Live content monitoring of multilingual news reports. Web scraping & RSS feed generation, Web Mining and content monitoring • Information Extraction: Topic filtering, Topic Clustering, multilingual named entity extraction, geocoding and geolocating text, event extraction, opinion mining. • Information Analysis: Social Network derivation, geospatial indexing and analysis, incident tracking databases, statistical trend analysis, threat monitoring and assessment.
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Activating Agency or Nudging?
Two ideas in development – activating agency of citizens and using “nudges” to cha...Read More
A link to the pdf of the full paper is here.
This paper explores the idea of empowerment and related concepts in the context of global development. It provides an overview of concepts, examples of previous measurements, and an evaluation of how effective various types of indicators have been. We hope to provide a resource that can be of use when developing surveys and other methods to assess changes in empowerment, agency, and the like. The purpose of this paper is to note promising avenues of research worth pursuing, and to suggest improvements for indicators currently in use.
In order to discuss these topics, we must first begin with a working definition of what we mean by each of them. Amartya Sen’s capability approach is considered foundational in this literature; we therefore utilize his definition of agency. Agency is a person’s capability to act on behalf of what he or she values, and has reason to value. According to Sen, it is intrinsically valuable and instrumentally effective at poverty alleviation (Sen 1984). A related, though not completely synonymous, concept is that of empowerment. In her overview of agency, Alkire (2005) notes the diversity of conceptions of empowerment in existing studies. Because of this, she says, in her work “no attempt was made to choose [only] one.” However, we believe that empowerment is best defined in her words as “the instrumental strength of agency in the relevant spheres.”
Dignity is defined in this paper as “the ability to feel important and valuable in relation to others, communicate this to others, and to be treated as such by others.” (Khatib and Armenian 2010) Conversely, shame can be described as a violation of dignity. Shame is defined as a “global, painful, and devastating experience in which the self, not just [a] behavior, is painfully scrutinized and negatively evaluated… This global, negative affect is often accompanied by a sense of shrinking and being small, and by a sense of worthlessness and powerlessness.” (Sabini and Silver 1997, 3)
We might be tempted to use the term “humiliation” as opposed to shame. The two are closely related, but not precisely one and the same. Hartling and Luchetta (1999) describe humiliation as “the deep dysphoric feeling associated with being, or perceiving oneself as being, unjustly degraded, ridiculed, or otherwise put down- in particular, one’s identity has been demeaned or devalued.” This implies that humiliation requires the influence of an outside actor to induce the feeling. We prefer to use shame here, as it refers to a person’s evaluation of themselves, regardless of whether this feeling occurred through the actions of another or others. We further discuss the distinction between shame and humiliation in a later section. For now, it suffices to say that we prefer to examine indicators of shame. | <urn:uuid:ff9e41d7-f0b2-4804-b347-7d6eed03b764> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://imagogg.org/ideas-and-insights/concepts-and-measures-of-agency-empowerment-and-related-issues/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.961833 | 634 | 2.46875 | 2 |
It is calculated by dividing the working revenue by complete income and expressing as a percentage. Interest Coverage Ratio is a monetary ratio that is used to find out the flexibility of a company to pay the curiosity on its outstanding debt.
— SofiaITC (@SofiaITC) May 17, 2021
This contains targeted lending products, capacity-building packages, and investment capitalstrategically custom-made to handle high-priority local issues. “A place-based strategy means working hand-in-hand with communities and local organizations to create a servant leadership mannequin to vary how capital flows into communities,” stated Carr. “It begins with understanding the communities wants and developing monetary merchandise with their input. We use that to drive the place the capital goes.” The Gordon Ford College of business is a top business school with twin AACSB accreditation in both business and accounting packages. It does so by offering efficient and effective financial and administrative services, enabling entry to data and sources, and promoting the financial well being and safety of each unit and of the University as a whole. Are you missing out on potential development alternatives or ignoring areas of weakness?
This is the first course in the Career Professionalism Series; it is designed to help students align their main and career interest. Finance levels are best complemented with professional certifications targeted on the particular area of curiosity. FINRA, a U.S. authorities organization underneath the Securities and Exchange Commission, is tasked with protecting market integrity. They keep Finance a complete listing of the highest skilled designations for various pursuits. Online applications are asynchronous, which implies there aren’t any specific instances you must be on-line. Professors and different instructors can be found during digital “office hours” for discussion.
However, it is equally true for the owner of a small business with 10 staff, for a metropolis supervisor with 200 workers, or for the business director of a nonprofit group. The finance curriculum permits college students to concentrate their research on financial administration, investments, or financial companies. You’ll learn how to use knowledge and technology as instruments to judge and make the most effective monetary decisions. And you’ll think “big picture” to evaluate funding decisions that serve the long-term objectives of your company or client – not simply their short-run pursuits. Students majoring in accounting, business or finance have the chance to interact with college which have experience in business, nonprofit and academic realms while gaining insightful business information from a liberal arts perspective. Many students additionally elect to review abroad, double major or participate in a student-managed funding fund, gaining real-life funding experience. The mission of Loyola Marymount University’s Business & Finance Division is to support all operations of the University by offering business, monetary and risk administration services.
Business & Commercial Financing
Early in his authorized profession, Fred Tannenbaum discovered himself in the middle of profitable deal negotiations that would rework our country’s complete telecommunications trade. His firsthand experience of getting things done for purchasers, even in new and uncharted territory, helped ignite his ardour to help and guide company clients in their critical business transactions and methods. Greater expertise use could decrease other costs similar to journey and finally the need for workplace area as more individuals often and systematically work remotely.
- In addition to expertise, a Master’s degree considerably helps financial analysts advance in their profession.
- In addition, we anticipate a energetic dialogue on methods to proceed to make smaller and smaller CA loans affordably.
- If you’re the site proprietor , please whitelist your IP or when you think this block is an error please open a help ticket and make sure to include the block details , so we are in a position to assist you in troubleshooting the difficulty.
Give yourself permission to problem clear up or daydream for brief bursts of time, but then get again to the business of residing. We’re required to think about money — how a lot we’ve, how much we wish, the way to get extra of it — regularly. Undoubtedly, how we take into consideration cash influences our emotions and behaviors. Black Lives Matter co-founder Patrisse Cullors, who has an actual estate portfolio value greater than $3 million, on Saturday shared a report about the history of racism within the housing market. Bright Machines is nearing a merger with a special-purpose acquisition firm to go public in a deal that would worth the manufacturing-automation business at about $1.6 billion, according to people conversant in the matter. A Personal Finance Advisor is responsible for researching the wants of their purchasers and recommending financial plans or investments that could probably be profitable for them. A Personal Finance Advisor is tasked with serving to clients plan their financial short-term and long-term objectives.
Business Finance Formulas
Occasionally, companies permit a logistician to substitute a number of years of relevant work expertise for a level. With difficult decisions regarding offering insurance coverage or to what level, an insurance underwriter takes into consideration the applicant’s medical paperwork and credit scores. After approving insurance Business & Finance protection, the insurance coverage underwriter determines the premium and quantity of protection. Insurance underwriters additionally write the insurance policies covered when a loss happens. Insurance underwriters work with candidates directly, getting into their info into a specialised pc software program program.
What are the richest jobs?
Here is a look at the top 100 highest-paying jobs: 1. Cardiologist. National average salary: $351,827 per year.
2. Anesthesiologist. National average salary: $326,296 per year.
3. Orthodontist. National average salary: $264,850 per year.
4. Psychiatrist. National average salary: $224,577 per year.
A study of the legal course of, negligence, wills, trusts and estates, property law, contracts, negotiable instruments, bank deposits, secured transactions, chapter, business enterprises, administrative regulation, company and employment law Business. Emphasis is positioned on the sensible application of authorized ideas within the business world and the relationship between the Bible and business regulation concepts. | <urn:uuid:1b0a8d4b-ca30-43b4-9631-9553d3a821bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sanpjer-rab.com/bachelor-of-business-in-finance.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.940119 | 1,305 | 2.125 | 2 |
Wearables started when?
The buzz technology of the past 18 months has been Wearables which is short for Wearable Technology. So when exactly did Wearable Technology begin? Like most overnight successes, it started a long time ago. Below is an infographic from http://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-history-of-wearable-technology/ that is an excellent overview of the topic, with some notable exceptions I will address after you peruse it. I selected it because it covers right up to this moment.
They got eyeglasses right but missed the other most successful wearable device of all time, the wristwatch. The first true wristwatch was made for the Queen of Naples in 1810 although arm watches date back to 1571. Neither were widely used because the mechanisms were prone to jamming and sensitive to ingress and so needed to be protected. So pocket watches and pendant watches dominated the scene. It wasn’t until the 1880s that artillery officers found it awkward to hold the watch and do their aiming and started strapping them to their wrists. This gave them visibility of the time when they needed without occupying one of their hands. The trend took off and by the early 1900s watch designs were modified to suit attachment to the wrist via a strap using lugs on the case. The age of the wristwatch was upon us.
So by this period, eye glasses if you needed them, and wristwatches or pocket watches, were widely adopted.
Wearable Computing Devices
So when were the first Wearable Computing devices? If you paid careful attention to the infographic, you might have noticed the Abacus Ring. Dated in the early 1600s this was definitely a computing device, just not an electronic one. It was a great aid to merchants of the day.
The first wearable electronics computing device to be widely sold was the Casio Calculator Watch which was released in the mid-1970s. Take up of portable music players and headsets were a bigger trend kicked off by the Sony Walkman at the end of that same decade.
It wasn’t until Bluetooth headsets emerged in the early 2000s that we had another mass adoption of Wearable Technology followed by the explosion of MP3 players and Apple’s massively successful iPod range.
Sports trackers start emerging from 2006 but it isn’t until Fitbit finally got their product into production that they really take off from 2009 onward. Fitbit almost didn’t make it commercially because the technology was really hard to make work and even harder to make. Today they have 70% of the activity tracker market but there are a plenty of new players now they have proven the market potential.
And wearable computers got a huge lift with the Google Glass project kicking off in 2012. It raised a plethora of issues, not the least of which was privacy. Although the product was discontinued by Google in January 2015, it took the debate on augmented reality and its issues forward.
The Year of the Wearable
Which brings us to 2014: declared the “Year of the Wearable”. Samsung’s Galaxy Gear wrist communications device from late 2013 had finally eclipsed Dick Tracey and the wrist communicator of the 1930s cartoon series. The explosion of product offerings has continued into 2015 with the much anticipated Apple Watch now released. And a whole new host of communications support accessories. Another growth area is pet management. As the technology gets more accessible to smaller companies we can expect this to continue covering the full range of possible options including:
- Augmented reality
- Medical monitoring and health support
- Activity and lifestyle management
- Pet management
- Home automation
- Communications and communications support
- Computing devices of all types
There really isn’t an end to where this can go. It is up to companies to deliver real value to end users in order to define the bounds of what makes commercial sense. The technology is still hard to do but as more products get to market, more companies learn the techniques needed to be successful at super low power worn devices and the whole application area continues to progress.
Successful Endeavours specialise in Electronics Design and Embedded Software Development, focusing on products that are intended to be Made In Australia. Ray Keefe has developed market leading electronics products in Australia for more than 30 years. This post is Copyright © 2016 Successful Endeavours Pty Ltd. | <urn:uuid:02be3c6a-0c33-467d-9aeb-11184d290e9f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.successful.com.au/wearables-a-history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.971155 | 900 | 2.609375 | 3 |
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10th December 2020 at 14:54 #25203Berit DubinerGuest
Intellectual Freedom Manual
by Office for Intellectual Freedom, American Library Association
- Publisher: ALA Editions
- Language: english
- Genres: reference
- Author: Office for Intellectual Freedom, American Library Association
- Format: paperback, 521 pages
- Release date: January 30, 2009
- ISBN: 9780838935613 (0838935613)
About The Book
Libraries, havens for the free exchange of ideas and information, face wide-ranging challenges relating to privacy and censorship from government, special interest groups, and others. With the updated seventh edition of the Intellectual Freedom Manual, librarians have practical support at hand to address these troubling problems. This bible for intellectual freedom includes the most up-to-date intellectual freedom guidelines, policies, and interpretations of the Library Bill of Rights, along with the ALA Code of Ethics and Freedom to Read Statement. Eight newly Amended policies include: Access for Children and Young Adults to Nonprint Materials; Access to Electronic Information, Services, and Networks; Access to Library Resources and Services Regardless of Sex, Gender Identity, or Sexual Orientation; Access to Resources and Services in the School Library Media Program; Exhibit Spaces and Bulletin Boards; Free Access to Libraries for Minors; Labels and Rating Systems; and Restricted Access to Library Materials. Intimidation; The Freedom to Read Statement; and the Policy Concerning Confidentiality of Information about Library Users. New articles from leading experts address timely issues. Now, like never before, libraries must stand strong as beacons of intellectual freedom for all. ALA’s Intellectual Freedom Manual provides the answers they need.
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Online ebook Intellectual Freedom Manual buy cheap. EPUB Intellectual Freedom Manual by Office for Intellectual Freedom read online on IndieBound. MP3 book Intellectual Freedom Manual download for iPad. | <urn:uuid:c8bc55de-94c6-4fee-87e3-1cc8ca3f5946> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wheretogoskiing.com/forums/topic/intellectual-freedom-manual-buy-book-9780838935613/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.795402 | 448 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Today I will talk about the Men's costume of Miesbach and Upper Bavaria. The impression exists that this is the typical costume of the German male, but in fact, this costume is native to just a narrow strip of mountainous territory along the southern edge of Upper Bavaria, next to the Tyrol.The costume was picked up by aristocratic men who enjoyed hunting in the mountains, because of the romantic image it conveyed and the practicality of it. Thus the lederhosen became the ideal of the Germanic free and lusty woodsman. It has since spread to the lowland city of Munich, the rest of Upper Bavaria, and has become a symbol of Germany as a whole. Lederhosen are also worn in Austria, especially the Tyrol, but not, as commonly thought, in Switzerland.
The word lederhosen simply means 'leather pants'. Leather knickers are part of the traditional wear of men over a very large area, from Sweden down to Slovenia. Lederhosen is usually understood to refer to short pants with a flap front which have decorated suspenders. This is obviously a summer costume. Full length knickers with long stockings are worn in the winter.
Here again is my friend Orest to model the Miesbach version.
The most informal version of this costume consists simply of a shirt, the lederhosen with suspenders, a belt, stockings, shoes, a hat and possibly a tie.
The shirt as worn today differs very little from a modern men's shirt. It usually has a fold down collar, is white for dress but may be plaid for every day. It traditionally buttons only partway down the front, and is pulled over the head. If very dressy, it may have a bit of embroidery on the front below the opening placket.
For everyday or less dressy occasions the shirt is often checked or gingham.
The lederhosen themselves are, of course, the heart of the costume. They are made of many types of leather, goat, cow, etc., but the most favored is staghide. The outside of the leather is turned to the inside of the pants, and has a soft finish. Many types of embroidery are used on the flap front, the side opening and seam, and the side pocket. Often the center back of the waistband is laced up, making the waistline somewhat adjustable. The leather is often black or dark green when new, but these garments are usually worn for many years, and the color lightens and the leather develops a patina.
A wide belt may be worn when the vest is not. In the Tyrol, the vest may be worn under the suspenders and the belt. There is often a lozenge shaped wider piece in front. This belt is often highly embroidered, not uncommonly with feather quillwork, but other techniques are also used.
Suspenders, hosentraeger, are always worn with lederhosen. Very often the crosspiece on the chest is a focus for ornamentation, which may include horn plates or buttons and embroidery. Sometimes the lower part of the suspenders may have a third strap which attaches in the middle. There are other regions where separate braces are worn, and often the individual straps are embroidered with beads, cross stitch, or other techniques. See the above images for examples.
In Werdenfels, just to the west of Miesbach, the suspenders are ornamented with Berlin Work Embroidery. The image at the head of the article shows this variant.
There is a pocket on the side of the lederhosen. This was traditionally used to carry a set of cutlery for use when eating away from home. This is an old tradition from the Middle Ages when forks and such were expensive, and if you were invited to eat at someone else's home, you were expected to bring your own. Today, only a knife is worn in this pocket, a very useful and practical tool for a man to carry around with him.
For more dressy occasions a silk tie, usually in red or blue is worn, with either a pin or a ring, schuber, holding it in place. The ring may be silver, or carved from horn or antler.
In the modern Miesbach costume a vest may be worn with this outfit. It is worn over the suspenders. It is usually green with red piping, and in the modern form is cut low on the chest, which shows off the embroidery on the suspenders and the tie.
Often a silver chain is hung on the lapels, and a watch chain is hung between the pockets. The first chain may have small ornaments on it, usually coins, while the larger chain often has various larger ornaments, including coins, roe deer antlers, grouse feet, bear claws, chamois horns, etc. A man will add to his collection throughout his lifetime, such ornaments often being given as gifts. The cost of such a collection will be considerable. Generally, if the vest is worn the large wide belt is not.
A couple of jackets, joppe, may be worn with this outfit. The one proper to Miesbach itself is this one. It is made of gray loden with horn buttons, a fold over lapel and ornamental topstitching in dark green. The jacket may be worn with or without the vest.
Another version is the Otterfinger joppe. This has contrasting lapels and cuffs of dark green.
Yet another jacket is the Tergenseer Joppe, which is all dark.
As you can see above, knee socks are worn with the lederhosen, often gray with dark green ornament either knitted in, and/or embroidered on. Sometimes the socks are made in two pieces, one covering just the foot, and the upper parts covering only the calf muscles. Heavy leather shoes are worn, in a couple different styes. The taller shoes, shown here are called stieferschuhe.
Shorter shoes, halbschuhe, are also worn.
Dark green felt hats are worn, often shaped rather like a fedora with twisted wool bands and tassels hanging from the back. Pins may be affixed to it, and usually one large ornament is worn. Here is a tuft of hair from chamois, called gamsbart. The longer the tuft, the more expensive, as only a few hairs on any chamois are longer than usual.
Here is an ornament made from the feathers of the Darter, or Anhinga, called in German the schlanghalsvogel.
Other common ornaments include the feathers of black grouse, capercaillie, etc, as well as flowers and other items.
These men are from Hohenaschau, which is indicated by the shape of their hats. Several locations have such identifiable hats
The above refers to dress outfits. Everyday wear is similar, but quite a bit plainer.
In colder weather the lederhosen are exchanged for kniehosen, or knickers. Here is an example of everyday winter dress. In this case, the knickers are also leather.
The knickers may also be made of loden cloth.
Long pants may also be worn with this outfit.
Such long pants are also part of the regular Miesbach outfit in times of mourning, which are considered to be more appropriate.
One more outfit began to be popular at the end of the 19th century for more formal occasions. This is called the Hochzeiter, and more closely resembles urban fashions of the time. Some men still wear this for formal occasions, but the dress Miesbach outfit is also commonly worn for weddings and such.
For cold weather either a long coat, Lodenmantel, or a cape like mantle, Jagamantel, may be worn.
I will close with some more images of this costume from many places.
Thank you for reading, I hope that you have found this to be interesting and informative.
Many thanks to Orest and Sara and the Omaha German American Club.
Toni Demmelmeier and Torsten Gebhard, 'Trachten in Bayern, heft 1, Miesbach', Munich, 1981
Albert Kretschmer, 'Das Grosse Buch der Volkstrachten',
H Goppel et al, 'Bayrisch Land - Bayrisch Gwand, Chiemgau 1976
Franz Grieshofer, 'Die Lederhose', Husum, 1996
Irmgard Gierl, 'Miesbacher Trachtenbuch', Neu Ulm, 1971
Paul Ernst Rattelmueller, 'Volkstrachten in Bayern', Munich, 1984 | <urn:uuid:9aee7882-9c19-44d5-8944-e7a71a0321d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://folkcostume.blogspot.com/2019/08/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.949066 | 1,892 | 2.546875 | 3 |
What legacy will you leave behind? How can you pass along to future generations the values, traditions and customs that a woman without children embraces? What are you doing to leave this world a better place?
This week I attended the funeral of my best friend’s 88-year old mother; she married young, has seven children, 14 grandchildren, and 14 great-grandchildren and was a devoted Catholic who was active in church-related charitable groups. She was remembered as a great cook and baked mouth-watering pies and cakes. Even after she was no longer able to drive, she still loved taking Sunday drives, and passed on her memories and local knowledge to her daughters as they drove her around the town where she was born, raised and settled.
Dorothy’s legacy was that she touched the lives of everyone she knew or met, as evidenced by all of the stories. Not only was she the matriarch of 3 generations of family in attendance at the funeral, she was also a good friend to all of them. She not only had a hand in shaping the character of her own children, but was equally invested in instilling into her grandchildren and great grandchildren the same morals and character that she learned as a child from her parents. | <urn:uuid:b30270a4-9f66-4fa3-ae34-05f696c1bea8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nokidz.typepad.com/blog/2017/03/leaving-your-legacy-as-a-woman-without-children-what-will-it-be.html?cid=6a01b7c8ca8fd8970b01b8d267072b970c | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.991804 | 255 | 1.601563 | 2 |
(MENAFN- Golin Mena) In line with its continuous efforts to increase traffic safety, Al Ghandi Auto, UAE’s leading automotive distributor, announced its partnership with RoadSafetyUAE to launch a road safety awareness campaign. The first event of the road safety series took place at the dnata Travel Group’s corporate offices, designed to engage employees using Al Ghandi Auto’s ‘seatbelt convincer’ device – a practical and straightforward educational tool which allows riders to experience forces up to five times their body weight, similar to that of a 5-7 mph crash.
Road transport is the most popular form of travel in the UAE, with around 3.5 million cars on the road, 40% of which drive around Dubai. Studies show in case of an accident, seat belts reduce death risk for passengers in the front seat by 40 – 50% and by 25 – 75% for those in the rear seats. Interestingly, a survey conducted by RoadSafetyUAE highlights that 22% of drivers do not ‘always’ wear seatbelts and 29% of co-drivers do not ‘always’ buckle up. The road safety awareness campaign intends to draw attention to these crucial safety considerations.
As a leading automobile distributor, Al Ghandi Auto firmly believes that it is imperative to focus on passive and active safety in the vehicles and advocate for road safety in the country. Executives at the dnata Travel Group, a global travel services provider headquartered in Dubai, organised the activation at its dnata Travel Centre in Business Bay as part of ongoing efforts to enhance and innovate the ways in which it communicates the message of safety.
The ‘seat belt convincer’ activation blends theoretical and experiential learning, empowering its users with a deeper understanding of the dangers of a low-speed collision, enhancing an ongoing emphasis on the value for safety a simple seatbelt provides. For the dnata Travel Group, amongst the essential elements of conveying the message of safety to both its employees and its customers, its Arabian Adventures’ tour guides took part in the activation, who conduct regular city tours and desert drives, and communicate the importance of wearing a seatbelt throughout UAE adventures.
Participants will also have the chance to examine the Chevrolet Tahoe Z71 and GMC Yukon AT4’s comprehensive safety features in demonstrations led by Al Ghandi Auto representatives, as the Road Safety Awareness Campaign continues across the city.
Commenting on the Road Safety Awareness Campaign, Mark Jenkins - CEO of Al Ghandi Auto Group said “Undoubtedly, we are in a transformational time in road transportation safety. The latest advancements and progress witnessed by the auto industry has spurred the need for greater road safety awareness. We believe that it is our responsibility to educate the public on safe driving behaviours.”
“With two-thirds of fatalities in vehicles caused by motorists and passengers not wearing seat belts, we look forward to collaborating with RoadSafetyUAE to support our customers and enhance their knowledge ensuring their aware of best practices that lead to a better road environment for all,” added Jenkins.
According to Thomas Edelmann, Managing Director, RoadSafetyUAE, road safety in the UAE is primarily about educating traffic participants about safer driving whilst providing a platform for ongoing discussions on how to create more pleasant experiences on the road.
“We are delighted to work with Al Ghandi Auto in to create a safer environment for people that live in and visit Dubai,” said Edelmann. “The seatbelt convincer campaign is an excellent way to highlight the importance of seatbelts first hand in a manner that is engaging, entertaining and memorable.”
Events pertaining to this campaign will run across the UAE to encourage drivers and passengers to build a positive habit of buckling up the moment they enter their cars.
Legal Disclaimer: MENAFN provides the information “as is” without warranty of any kind. We do not accept any responsibility or liability for the accuracy, content, images, videos, licenses, completeness, legality, or reliability of the information contained in this article. If you have any complaints or copyright issues related to this article, kindly contact the provider above. | <urn:uuid:f76bb0e7-3125-4143-a248-9144f6b02c76> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://menafn.com/1103866418/Al-Ghandi-Auto-and-RoadSafetyUAE-partner-in-promoting-Car-safe-behaviours?source=285 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.93925 | 893 | 1.53125 | 2 |
This was recently posted by QAS and is also similarly listed on the department transport website but the is no reference to legislation or regulation. I have had a look and all that I have found is that it is an offence to not get out of the emergency vehicle. RACQ also states the same but again no reference. Can anyone shed some light on which laws are relevant in traffic law?When an Ambulance is coming up behind you on the road with its lights and/or siren on remember:
- Slow down and move into the left lane to give them a clear path down the centre, avoid stopping in the right lane. If it is not safe to do this, allow the ambulance to overtake you.
- If you are at an intersection, always give way to the ambulance even if you have the green light or arrow.
- Stay vigilant and avoid sudden braking. Remember that there may be a secondary emergency vehicle travelling close behind so check your mirrors before resuming your path.
- The law allows you to drive onto the wrong side of the road or move into a red light to clear a path for an emergency vehicle as long as it is safe to do so. | <urn:uuid:fb904cd7-5f01-415b-b29c-ccfa20261a0b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lawanswers.com.au/threads/running-red-light-for-emergency-services-to-pass-traffic-law.20177/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.96381 | 243 | 2.21875 | 2 |
MOSCOW — The Kremlin on Friday issued a stark warning to the United States, saying it would respond in kind to the U.S. expulsion of 35 Russian diplomats and other sanctions following the Russian hacking of U.S. political parties before the 2016 presidential elections.
“I cannot say now what the response will be, although, as we know, there is no alternative here to the principle of reciprocity,” said Russian presidential spokesman Dmitry Peskov in a statement late Thursday reported by the Interfax news service.
He said that Russian President Vladimir Putin would decide the exact response.
Peskov’s remarks were the culmination of a sharply worded reaction by Russia’s establishment to the sanctions, which come at a time when Moscow is looking forward to an improvement in its ties with the United States at the start of the Trump administration in three weeks.
Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova, whose comments about the Obama administration have grown increasingly hostile as the relationship has soured, dismissed the White House as “a group of foreign policy losers, angry and ignorant.”
Zakharova’s colleague in the foreign ministry, Konstantin Dolgov, who holds the title of commissioner on democracy and human rights, called the U.S. sanctions “counterproductive” and cast them as having “the goal of damaging relations and complicating their restoration in the future.”
Whatever retaliation Moscow is considering will have to take into account the possibility that the Trump administration will want to restore the relationship that has foundered on differences over Syria, Russia’s annexation of Crimea, the Kremlin’s proxy war in Ukraine and the alleged hacking on behalf of now-President-elect Donald Trump in the U.S. presidential campaign.
Peskov told reporters on Thursday that the steps showed President Obama’s “unpredictable and aggressive foreign policy.” “Such steps of the U.S. administration that has three weeks left to work are aimed at two things: to further harm Russian-American ties, which are at a low point as it is, as well as, obviously, deal a blow on the foreign policy plans of the incoming administration of the president-elect.”
Konstantin Kosachyov, a senior member of the upper house of the Russian parliament, suggested that Moscow will have to weigh its response given the possible reaction of the newly elected president.
The sanctions, he said in comments carried by Interfax, represented not the will of the United States as a whole but “the agony of political corpses of the outgoing administration.”
That said, the history of diplomatic expulsions suggest that, at the least, Russia will throw out a similar number of U.S. Embassy personnel. Zakharova and others have long warned of an “asymmetrical” response to sanctions over the hacking allegations, so other expulsions are possible.
Putin repeatedly denied Russian involvement in the U.S. election despite the accusations from the White House, and the Kremlin has questioned the evidence for the claims. In his nationally broadcast marathon news conference last week, Putin borrowed some of Trump’s dismissive rhetoric, remarking about the hacking that, “Maybe it was someone lying on the couch who did it.”
The Democratic Party, Putin said, is “losing on all fronts and looking elsewhere for things to blame. In my view, this, how shall I say it, degrades their own dignity. You have to know how to lose with dignity.”
U.S. analysts say Putin’s animus against Hillary Clinton are a likely explanation for the Kremlin’s desire to harm her campaign for the presidency, but contempt for Obama’s White House has also grown in recent months, after the administration shut down all contacts with the Kremlin.
Putin in October issued a striking manifesto of changes he expected the United States to make, including reimbursement for Ukraine sanctions, as a precondition for restoring relations.
More recently, Russia has pursued peace negotiations in Syria, culminating in a cease-fire deal Putin announced Thursday that pointedly excluded the Obama administration.
But the sanctions did not dampen expectations in Moscow that better times were soon to come.
“None of this will change the results of the election of the American president, and in January, the rightful owner of the White House will be Donald Trump,” said Leonid Slutsky, chairman of the international affairs committee of the Russian State Duma, the lower house of parliament. “I expect that with his arrival, the dialogue between Russia and the United States will be conducted in a more healthy political atmosphere.” | <urn:uuid:7717e272-9faf-430a-a3d9-4ab5d5fea6f4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/kremlin-spokesman-vows-retaliation-against-us-sanctions/2016/12/29/e0126be2-ce08-11e6-b8a2-8c2a61b0436f_story.html?utm_term=.f88654b457c9&itid=lk_inline_manual_31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.96257 | 976 | 1.703125 | 2 |
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Women grow the majority of the world’s food—and are also the majority of the world’s hungry because of vast inequalities in resources and power.
Sarah Kalloch’s blog is cross-posted from Women Thrive Worldwide. Oxfam America is working with women’s groups that are actively working on ending violence against women and making links between violence against women and food security.
World Food Day—October 16—falls right in the middle of Domestic Violence Awareness month. At first the connection between the two might seem tenuous. But as Oxfam’s GROW Campaign eloquently argues, “Hunger isn’t about too many people and too little food. Hunger is about inequality. And women and girls face the greatest inequalities of all”. When women are hungry, they are forced to make impossible choices and take untenable chances that make them vulnerable to violence.
Women grow the majority of the world’s food—and are also the majority of the world’s hungry because of vast inequalities in resources and power. Women farmers in the US still face a “grass ceiling”—denied access to billions in loans from the USDA. And the situation is worse in developing countries, where women face discrimination in land ownership, lack of education, and little access to the capital, technology, and markets needed to make a living on the land. Women could feed up to 150 million more people if they had the same agricultural resources as men, according to a United Nations report.
But before women feed the world, they must feed themselves and their families—a simple act which exposes them up to violence, rape and abuse.
- In Bangladesh, women in households with lower food security are more at risk for physical and emotional abuse.
- Women in Bostwana who did not have enough to eat were twice as likely to have sold sex and were more likely to report a lack of control in sexual relationships.
- Women displaced by conflict in Darfur face further violence when they go to gather firewood and water.
- When food rations were cut at refugee camps in Tanzania in 2005, the World Food Program warned of an increased violence against women as women ventured further afield to feed their families and tensions rose in hungry households.
- Women from Canada to the Congo who have left abusive relationship or been victims of violence are often left economically vulnerable and food insecure.
This month, join Oxfam’s GROW Campaign and hold a WFD dinner with friends and family. Take time to talk about the amazing culture, community and power of food. Food security is human security. Women feed the world—they deserve the chance to feed their families free of violence. | <urn:uuid:38ed9cda-54a4-4bb6-b443-a7ef14bc67ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://politicsofpoverty.oxfamamerica.org/hungry-for-justice-food-security-and-violence-against-women/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.967727 | 557 | 3.53125 | 4 |
Endocrine disrupting compounds in the coastal environment
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) have been shown to have a negative impact on both humans and wildlife. This article examines the various types of EDCs and the impact that these EDCs can have on the coastal environment, particularly within the North Sea, Baltic Sea and Mediterranean Sea.
Coastal Wiki articles related to ecotoxicology are listed on the Portal Ecotoxicology.
Many pollutants in the aquatic environment have received significant attention due to their potential estrogenic effects and are classified as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). Endocrine disruptors are defined as exogenous substances or mixtures that alter the function(s) of the endocrine system and consequently cause adverse health effects in organisms, their progeny or (sub) population.
Mechanisms of estrogenic action
- mimic or antagonize the action of endogenous hormones,
- interfere with the synthesis, metabolism, transport and excretion of natural hormones
- alter the hormone receptor levels.
Effects on wildlife and humans
The occurrence of EDCs in the environment may pose adverse health effects, reproductive abnormalities and impaired development in wildlife species. Effects of endocrine disruption have been reported in snails, mussels, crustaceans, fish, reptiles, birds and mammals. Moreover there is a lot of discussion about possible adverse effects to humans. EDCs have been suggested as being responsible for changes in human health and reproduction (decline in sperm counts and quality, impotence, increased incidence of genital abnormalities and increased incidences of certain types of cancer) observed over recent decades.
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds
EDCs comprise of naturally produced hormones and man-made compounds. The first category includes endogenous hormones such as estrogens, progesterone and testosterone produced in mammals, phytoestrogens like isoflavones present in many plants and mycoestrogens produced from fungi. Man-made chemicals include synthetic hormones and industrial chemicals. Synthetic hormones are used as oral contraceptives, in hormone replacement treatment and as animal feed additives. Industrial chemicals include numerous compounds produced for diverse purposes and may exhibit sex hormone-like activities. Such compounds have been found in certain chemical classes e.g. phenols, halogenated substances and phthalates. Among the phenolic compounds produced by chemical industry, two classes, alkylphenols and bisphenols, present scientific and public interest as potential EDCs. Both are produced in large quantities and eventually released into the environment. Alkylphenols are either used directly e.g. as antioxidants or released from alkylphenol polyethoxylates widely used as cleaning agents in the textile and plastic industry, for household and personal care items and in agriculture. The prototype of bisphenols, bisphenol A, is used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Polychlorinated compounds that show estrogenic activity are certain chlorinated pesticides (e.g. DDT, dieldrin, endosulfan), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), especially their hydroxylated metabolites and their conjugates, polychlorinated dibenzo(p)dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). Organotin compounds have been widely used as antifouling biocides. They have been described as among the most harmful substances knowingly introduced onto the marine environment. In aquatic invertebrates, particularly marine gastropods, organotin compounds, such as tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT), induce irreversible sexual abnormality in females which is termed "imposex", at very low concentrations. Another class of widely used industrial chemicals that are potential EDCs are phthalates, produced and applied to plastics, cosmetics, adhesives, paints etc. Moreover, many compounds are under investigation since they are suspected to have estrogenic activity.
The analytical procedure for the determination of EDCs from environmental samples includes isolation of the target compounds through various extraction techniques and determination by employing mainly liquid or gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, LC-MS, LC-MS/MS). Furthermore, bioassays based on various mechanisms (cell proliferation, ligand binding, vitellogenin induction, luciferase induction, antigen-antibody intervention) provide substantial information on the estrogenic activity of environmental samples.
EDCs in European coastal environment
EDCs enter marine environment through discharges of industrial and sewage wastewater, emissions from various marine activities, oil spills or indirectly through rivers, streams and canals. For this reason, the higher concentrations of EDCs are usually found close to sewage impacted areas, harbors and river estuaries. A multitude of studies has indicated the occurrence of EDCs in European coastal environment at potentially toxic levels. EDCs were found in seawater, sediments and suspended solids in the Mediterranean Sea , Baltic Sea and North Sea. Moreover, EDCs were also found in various marine species, invertebrates and vertebrates such as molluscs, crustaceans and fish.
The Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC establishes a framework for the protection of inland surface waters, transitional waters, coastal waters and groundwater. The aim of this Directive is to prevent further deterioration of the aquatic environment and to protect the status of aquatic ecosystems through specific measures for the progressive reduction of discharges, emission and losses of priority substances. Among chemical pollutants of particular concern are endocrine disrupters (Annex VIII-group 4). Thus, the Member States have to take action to prevent human exposure to endocrine disrupting substances through contaminated water resources.
- EPA (1997) Special report on Environmental Endocrine Disruption: An Effects Assessment and Analysis. Office of Research and Development, EPA/630/R-96/012, Washington D.C.
- EC (1999) Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament. Community Strategy for Endocrine Disrupters a range of substances suspected of interfering with the hormone systems of humans and wildlife. COM(1999) 706 final. Brussels 17.12.1999. (http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/committees/envi/20000418/123706_en.pdf).
- Baker V.A. (2001) Endocrine disrupters – testing strategies to assess human hazard. Toxicology in Vitro, 15 413-419
- Depledge M.H. and Billinfhurst Z. (1999) Ecological significance of endocrine disruption in marine invertebrates. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 39 32-38
- Waring R.H. and Harris R.M. (2005) Endocrine disrupters: A human risk? Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 244 2-9
- Canesi L., Lorusso L.C., Ciacci C., Betti M., Zampini M. and Gallo G. (2004) Environmental estrogens can affect the function of mussel hemocytes through rapid modulation of kinase pathways. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 138 58-69
- Mendes J.J.A. (2002) The endocrine disrupters: a major medical challenge. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 40 781-788
- Metzler M. and Pfeiffer E. (2001) Chemistry of Natural and Anthopogenic Endocrine Active Compounds. In The handbook of environmental Chemistry 3-L, Endocrine Disruptors Part I. Metzler, M. (Ed.), Springer: 63-80.
- Gomes L.R., Scrimshaw D.M. and Lester N.J. (2003) Determination of endocrine disrupters in sewage treatment and receiving waters. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 22 697-706
- Campbell C.G., Borglin S.E., Green F.B., Grayson A., Wozei E. and Stringfellow W.T. (2006). Biologically directed environmental monitoring, fate, and transport of estrogenic disrupting compounds in water: A review. Chemosphere, 65 1265-1280
- Díez, S.; Abalos, M.; Bayona, J. M. (2002) Organotin contamination in sediments from the Western Mediterranean enclosures following 10 years of TBT regulation. Water Res. 36 (4) 905-918
- Pojana G., Bonfa A., Busetti F. Collarin A. and Marcomini A. (2004) Estrogenic potential of the Venice, Italy, lagoon waters. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 23 1874-1880
- Pinto B., Garritano S. and Reali D. (2005) Occurence of estrogen-like substances in the marine environment of the Northern Mediterranean Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 50 1681-1685
- Arditsoglou A. and Voutsa D. (2006) Endocrine disrupting compounds in coastal and surface waters in the area of Thessaloniki, Northern Greece. 1st European Chemistry Congress, Budapest, Hungary, p. 179
- Gόmez-Gutiérrez A., Garnacho E., Bayona J.M. and Albaigés J. (in press) Assessment of the Mediterranean sediements contamination by persistent organic pollutants. Environmental Pollution
- Micheletti C., Critto A. and Marcomini A. (2007) Assessment of ecological risk from bioaccumulation of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in a coastal lagoon. Environment International, 33 45-55
- Beck I-C., Bruhn R., Gandrass J. and Ruck W. (2005) Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of estrogenic compounds in coastal surface water of the Baltic Sea. Journal of Chromatography A, 1090 98-106
- Bester K., Theobald N. and Schroder H.Fr. (2001) Nonylphenols, nonylphenol-ethoxylates, linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS)and bis (4-chlorophenyl)-sulfone in the German Bight of the North Sea. Chemosphere, 45 817-826
- Jonkers N., Laane R.W.P.M. and de Voogt P. (2005) Sources and fate of nonylphenol ethoxylates and their metabolites in the Dutch coastal zone of the North Sea. Marine Chemistry, 96 115-135
- Noppe H., Verslycke T., De Wulf E., Verheyden K., Monteyne E., Van Caeter P., Janssen C.R. and De brabander H.F. (2007) Occurrence of estrogens in the Scheldt estuary: A 2-year survey. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 66 1-8
- OSPAR Commission (2009) Assessment of trends and concentrations of selected hazardous substances in sediments and biota. CEMP assessment report: 2008/2009. Publication Number: 390/2009 (http://qsr2010.ospar.org/media/assessments/p00390_2009_CEMP_assessment_report.pdf).
- Günther K., Dürbeck H.-W., Kleist E., Thiele B., Prast H. and Schwuger M. (2001) Endocrine-disrupting nonylphenols – ultra-trace analysis and time-dependent trend in mussels from the German bight. Fresenious Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 371 782-786
- Ferrara F., Fabietti F., Delise M. and Funari E. (2005) Alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates contamination of crustaceans and fishes from the Adriatic Sea (Italy). Chemosphere 59 1145-1150
- Porte C., Janer G., Lorusso L.C., Ortiz-Zarragoitia M., Cajaraville M.P., Fossi M.C. and Canesi L. (2006) Endocrine disruptors in marine organisms: Approaches and perspectives. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C, 143 303-315
- Fossi M.C., Casini S. and Marsili L. (2007) Potential toxicological hazard due to endocrine-disrupting chemicals on Mediterranean top predators: State of art, gender differences and methodological tools. Environmental Research, 104 174-182
- EC. (2000) Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. OJ L 327,22.12.2000, p.1 (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-framework/index_en.html).
Gagné F., Blaise C. and Hellou J.(2004) Endocrine disruption and health effects of caged mussels, Elliptio complanata, placed downstream from a primary-treated municipal effluent plume for 1 year. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C 138 33-44
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Who were the Precogs in Minority Report? Precogs, or officially known as Precognitives, are individuals that possess a psychic ability to see events in the future, primarily premeditated murders. There are currently three Precogs, Agatha, Arthur, and Dash.
How do the precogs work in Minority Report? Three mutants, known as precogs, have precognitive abilities they can use to see up to two weeks into the future. The precogs are strapped into machines, nonsensically babbling as a computer listens and converts this gibberish into predictions of the future.
Who was in the Minority Report? Tom Cruise as Chief John Anderton, Precrime program commanding officer. Max von Sydow as Lamar Burgess, Director of Precrime who murders Anne Lively. Colin Farrell as Danny Witwer, agent from Department of Justice. Samantha Morton as Agatha Lively, described as the most “talented” of the three precogs.
Who is the bad guy in Minority Report? Type of Villain
Director Lamar Burgess (simply known as Lamar Burgess) is the main antagonist in the 2002 film Minority Report. He was portrayed by the late Max von Sydow, who also played Ming the Merciless in Flash Gordon, Ernst Stavro Blofeld in Never Say Never Again, and Varden Reynard in Rush Hour 3.
Who were the Precogs in Minority Report? – Related Questions
What do the precogs see what someone intends to do or what he she will do?
Someone intends to kill his boss or his wife, but they never go through with it. How do the precogs tell the difference? ANDERTON: The Precogs don’t see what you intend to do, only what you will do.
What is the message of Minority Report?
“We don’t choose the things we believe in; they choose us.” The main theme of Minority Report is the classic philosophical debate of free will vs. determinism. One of the main questions the film raises is whether the future is set or whether free will can alter the future.
Why is it called Minority Report?
Minority Report gets its name from the occasions when one of the three psychics dreams of an alternative future for victim and perpetrator, one in which the murder doesn’t happen. These dissenting reports are destroyed to preserve public confidence in the system.
What happened to the son in Minority Report?
In the movie, Anderton’s motive for joining the pre-crime forces was because his own son was abducted and presumably murdered some years before, an event that also shattered his marriage. Response last updated by looney_tunes on Aug 24 2016. Answer has 11 votes. His son was kidnapped and murdered.
Is Minority Report worth watching?
Minority Report is truly a blast, and adventure that still feels fresh in part because it’s just that good, but also because it hasn’t been loved to death. And yes, in nominated Minority Report as the perfect cure for summer blockbuster nostalgia, I am feeding the beast I decry.
Is the ending of Minority Report a dream?
Things are never what they seem. Minority Report, however, feels like it’s just another linear action flick, complete with a fairy tale ending. It’s all a dream from the time Anderton goes under, until the film’s happy ending.
Who was the most gifted of the Precogs?
Cruise carries the movie, but I was relieved to turn to some of the other players, including Colin Farrell as Anderton’s nemesis, and Samantha Morton as the most gifted of the Pre-cogs, for more evocative human shadings.
What is the halo in Minority Report?
Halo by Steven Spielberg from Minority Report (Movie) Device that incapacitates a person by inducing unconsciousness. In the film, the halo (which is also referred to euphemistically as a ‘hat’) induces unconsciousness both in the short term (when a ‘precriminal’ is caught) as well as in the long term – incarceration.
What does the red ball mean in Minority Report?
Red ball, an impending murder, in the science fiction film Minority Report (in which the names of future victims of premeditated homicides appear on red balls after being predicted by a trio of psychics)
What drug is used in Minority Report?
This one’s easy—the substance that Tom Cruise enjoys in Minority Report is simply a futuristically-huffable form of heroin. It’s even called “neuroin”—get it? Neuro + heroin.
What happened in Minority Report?
Plot Summary (6) In a future where a special police unit is able to arrest murderers before they commit their crimes, an officer from that unit is himself accused of a future murder. In the year 2054 A.D. crime is virtually eliminated from Washington D.C. thanks to an elite law enforcing squad “Precrime”.
What kind of car is in Minority Report?
Lexus 2054 — Minority Report (2002)
The fact that director Steven Spielberg was apparently a Lexus fan himself at the time probably had something to do with the car’s presence in the movie, but the Japanese automaker didn’t disappoint in its futuristic concept.
Who is Iris Hineman Minority Report?
Lois Smith: Dr. Iris Hineman. Jump to: Quotes (8)
What movie is playing in Minority Report?
‘ and ‘The Mark of Zorro’ in ‘Minority Report’
Is there a minority report 2?
Minority Report is a new American science-fiction and crime TV drama that is a spin-off the hit Tom Cruise and Steven Spielberg 2002 movie by the same name.
How scary is Minority Report?
Intense peril and violence, including murder and suicide, and a grisly operation. Mild sexual references — couples kissing and preparing for sex, fantasy vision of ideal woman, other suggestions of sex. Some strong language, including one use of “f–k,” as well as “s–t,” “ass,” “hell,” etc.
Is Minority Report a comedy?
Protect the title: Even a Precog couldn’t envision Comedy Central announcing a late-night show called The Minority Report with Larry Wilmore. Fox unleashed its lawyers, and Comedy Central’s Minority Report became The Nightly Show.
Where is the house at the end of Minority Report?
UPDATE: as pointed by many users in the comments, the correct location is Butter Island in Penobscot Bay, Maine. One person was a caretaker on the island when the crew was filming this last scene so it’s likely to be correct. Apologies for taking so long to update this post and thank you all for your contributions.
Who is Kaplan in the minority report?
Kaplan is a retired general who is actually responsible for plotting his own murder by Anderton, as part of a conspiracy to dismantle Precrime and reinstate the army’s power. Whereas in the movie John doesn’t have a minority report, in the original story he has three.
Are there robots in Minority Report?
The spider robots that invade the bath of Captain John Anderton, played by Tom Cruise, were one of the highlights of iconic 2002 film Minority Report. The prototype robot weighs just 68 milligrams and has a two centimeter long body.
How is technology used in Minority Report?
“Minority Report,” set in 2054, included self-driving cars, personalized ads, voice automation in the home, robotic insects and gesture controlled computers — all technology entering our lives in 2017. But many experts warn one of the technologies highlighted in the film, predictive policing, is used recklessly today. | <urn:uuid:316aa418-8b3b-40b9-9539-9f649fdbbfba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.laquiete.org/who-were-the-precogs-in-minority-report/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.945697 | 1,663 | 1.773438 | 2 |
CBD gummies have been a favorite among customers all over the world. CBD has many health benefits, including its ability to relieve pain, reduce inflammation and swelling, and help maintain our mental health. However, CBD can also be used for more than just your brain health. CBD has been found to support cardiovascular health and promote weight loss. Here are some ways that CBD gummies can help you live healthier.
Why It’s Important to Take CBD Gummies
CBD gummies are a popular form of CBD, and they have been found to help with many health concerns. CBD is one of the most studied cannabinoids globally, and it can be found in a variety of different supplements. One of the best things about CBD is that it can come in any shape or form—even as a delicious treat!
First off, let’s talk about how these treats can benefit your cardiovascular health. CBD has been shown to promote heart health by reducing risk factors for cardiovascular diseases like high blood pressure and cholesterol levels. One study even showed that supplementing with CBD reduced total cholesterol levels by 23 percent compared to those who didn’t take the supplement.
CBD also has been shown to reduce inflammation and swelling. This is important because inflammation precedes many diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular disease. So by taking Kushe Bites regularly, you’ll be able to reduce your risk for developing health problems related to inflammation.
What Are the Health Benefits of CBD?
CBD gummies have been shown to have many health benefits. CBD has been used to improve treatment for chronic pain, reduce inflammation and swelling, and maintain mental health. Additionally, CBD supports the cardiovascular system and can even promote weight loss.
CBD has been shown to have cardiovascular benefits as well. CBD can help lower LDL cholesterol levels, which are positively correlated with cardiovascular health.
Numerous studies have been conducted on CBD and its effects on the heart, including one study that found that after six weeks of treatment with CBD, participants had increased blood flow in their coronary arteries and reduced inflammation markers. Get some CBD gummies if you’re looking for an easy way to maintain your cardiovascular health.
Pain Relief and Inflammation Reduction
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Hand and finger disorders include ganglia Ganglia Ganglia are swellings that occur over joints or on coverings of tendons in the hands and wrists and that contain a jellylike fluid. It is not known why ganglia develop. Ganglia usually do not... read more , deformities Hand and finger deformities Hand and finger disorders include ganglia, deformities, disorders related to nerves or blood vessels, osteoarthritis, trigger finger, Kienböck disease, and infections. Some other disorders that... read more , disorders related to nerves Nerve compression syndromes of the hand Hand and finger disorders include ganglia, deformities, disorders related to nerves or blood vessels, osteoarthritis, trigger finger, Kienböck disease, and infections. Some other disorders that... read more or blood vessels, osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis of the Hand Osteoarthritis of the hand causes swelling, pain, and sometimes formation of cysts on the finger joints (particularly the outermost ones). Osteoarthritis of the hand causes bones over the outermost... read more , trigger finger Trigger Finger Trigger finger is locking of a finger in a bent position caused by inflammation of a tendon in the finger. (See also Overview of Hand Disorders.) The cause of trigger finger is unknown. Trigger... read more , Kienböck disease Kienböck Disease Kienböck disease is the death of bone due to an impaired blood supply ( osteonecrosis) affecting the lunate bone in the hand. (See also Overview of Hand Disorders.) The lunate bone is one of... read more , and infections.
Some other disorders that affect the hands and fingers include fractures Hand Fractures Any bone in the hand can be broken. Hand fractures include Fractures of the wrist bones (carpals) Fractures of the bones of the palm (metacarpals) Fractures of the bones of the thumb and fingers... read more , other injuries, rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory arthritis in which joints, usually including those of the hands and feet, are inflamed, resulting in swelling, pain, and often destruction of joints.... read more , tendinitis and tenosynovitis Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis Tendinitis is inflammation of a tendon. Tenosynovitis is tendinitis accompanied by inflammation of the protective covering around the tendon (tendon sheath). The cause is not always known. Tendons... read more , De Quervain syndrome De Quervain Syndrome De Quervain syndrome is swelling and inflammation of the tendons or tendon sheaths that move the thumb outward. (See also Overview of Hand Disorders.) De Quervain syndrome usually occurs after... read more , Raynaud syndrome Raynaud Syndrome Raynaud syndrome, a functional peripheral arterial disease, is a condition in which small arteries (arterioles), usually in the fingers or toes, narrow (constrict) more tightly than normal in... read more , finger clubbing Clubbing Clubbing is enlargement of the tips of the fingers or toes and a change in the angle where the nails emerge. Clubbing occurs when the amount of soft tissue beneath the nail beds increases. It... read more , complex regional pain syndrome Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Complex regional pain syndrome is chronic neuropathic pain characterized by persistent burning or aching pain plus certain abnormalities that occur in the same area as the pain. Abnormalities... read more , and certain birth defects Overview of Birth Defects Birth defects, also called congenital anomalies, are physical abnormalities that occur before a baby is born. They are usually obvious within the first year of life. The cause of many birth... read more .
Hand and finger deformities
Hand and finger deformities include swan-neck deformity Swan-Neck Deformity Swan-neck deformity is a bending in (flexion) of the base of the finger, a straightening out (extension) of the middle joint, and a bending in (flexion) of the outermost joint. (See also Overview... read more , boutonnière deformity Boutonnière Deformity Boutonnière deformity is a deformity in which the middle finger joint is bent in a fixed position inward (toward the palm) and the outermost finger joint is bent excessively outward (away from... read more , and Dupuytren contracture Dupuytren Contracture Dupuytren contracture is a progressive tightening of the bands of fibrous tissue (called fascia) inside the palms, causing a curling in of the fingers that eventually can result in a clawlike... read more . These deformities may be caused by an injury or may result from another disorder (for example, rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory arthritis in which joints, usually including those of the hands and feet, are inflamed, resulting in swelling, pain, and often destruction of joints.... read more ).
Typically, doctors base the diagnosis of hand and finger deformities on an examination.
Deformities can sometimes be treated by splinting or exercises, but if the deformity has lasted for weeks or months, these treatments may be ineffective because scarring has developed. When splinting or exercises are not helpful, surgery may be needed.
Hand and finger infections
Human and animal bites can cause an infection of the hands ( see Hand Infections Caused By Bites Hand Infections Caused By Bites The most common human bite–related infection of the hand is injury to the knuckles of a person who punches another person in the mouth (called a clenched fist injury or fight bite). Animal bites... read more ). Some other infections are felon Felon A felon is an infection of the soft tissue (pulp) of the fingertip, usually caused by bacteria. A felon can lead to a pocket of pus (abscess) inside the fingertip, which creates pressure on... read more , herpetic whitlow Herpetic Whitlow Herpetic whitlow is a viral infection of the fingertip. (See also Overview of Hand Disorders.) Herpes simplex virus (similar to the one that causes fever blisters) may cause an intense, painful... read more , hand abscess Hand Abscess A hand abscess is an accumulation of pus affecting the hand, usually caused by a bacterial infection. (See also Overview of Hand Disorders.) Abscesses in the hands are fairly common and usually... read more , infection of the tendon sheath Infection of the Tendon Sheath in the Fingers A bacterial infection can develop in the tendon sheath that surrounds the tendons in the palm and inside of the fingers. (See also Overview of Hand Disorders.) Pockets of pus (abscesses) may... read more , and paronychia Acute Paronychia Acute paronychia is a bacterial infection of the nail fold. In acute paronychia, bacteria (usually Staphylococcus aureus or streptococci) enter through a break in the skin resulting from... read more (a bacterial infection of the skin around the fingernail) . Hand and finger infections can cause constant, intense, throbbing pain.
Doctors base the diagnosis of hand and finger infections on an examination and sometimes x-rays or other imaging studies.
Most hand infections are treated with antibiotics taken by mouth or by vein and sometimes surgery.
Nerve compression syndromes of the hand
Carpal tunnel syndrome Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Carpal tunnel syndrome is a painful compression (pinching) of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. The cause of most cases of carpal tunnel syndrome is unknown... read more , cubital tunnel syndrome Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Cubital tunnel syndrome is a disorder caused by compression (pinching) of the ulnar nerve at the elbow. Repetitive use of the elbow can cause cubital tunnel syndrome. Symptoms include numbness... read more , and radial tunnel syndrome Radial Tunnel Syndrome Radial tunnel syndrome is a disorder resulting from compression (pinching) of a branch of the radial nerve in the forearm or back of the arm or at the elbow. (See also Overview of Hand Disorders... read more are nerve compression syndromes. In these disorders, something, usually bone or connective tissue, presses on a nerve, causing abnormalities of sensation, movement, or both. Symptoms of nerve compression syndromes include tingling, pain, loss of sensation, weakness, or a combination.
The diagnosis of nerve compression syndromes is suggested by the examination and can often be confirmed by electromyography and nerve conduction studies Electromyography and Nerve Conduction Studies Diagnostic procedures may be needed to confirm a diagnosis suggested by the medical history and neurologic examination. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a simple, painless procedure in which... read more .
In these syndromes, surgery may be necessary to relieve pressure on the nerve if symptoms are severe despite other treatments or if there is persistent loss of sensation or weakness. | <urn:uuid:8ea3642f-a648-41a6-bd8f-568fad55c68d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-jp/home/bone,-joint,-and-muscle-disorders/hand-disorders/overview-of-hand-disorders | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.899385 | 1,902 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Destination for sailing
The Mediterranean Sea
Island of Elba ( Italy )
|the largest of the Tuscan Archipelago|
|– close to Rom ( 250 km ) and to Venzia ( 250 km)|
The Island of Elba, the largest of the Tuscan Archipelago, has six big gulfs with wonderful anchorages lined with white beaches. Small fishing villages, lush vegetation and crystal-clear water are the main features of this unique island. The island of Elba belongs to Italy and is situated within the Tuscan archipelago of islands between Corsica and the Italian mainland. Its coast is much indented and there are numerous attractive harbours and anchorages. The slopes are extensively terraced and the island is always green even in the middle of summer. It is a green and colorful spot that enchanted the exiled Napoleon. Its approximately 30,000 inhabitants make their living mainly by growing wine, olives and fruit as well as from tourism
Elba has a mild Mediterranean climate. The Island has an abundant vegetation. The Corsica Island protects Elba from the Mistral(wind) which blows from north-west. In the summer you can appreciate the landscape. In the spring and autumn the wind from the north, north-west is stronger which makes the more sportive crews happy. In the south the Scirocco(wind) will bring high and long waves.
You can sail to the western Italian mainland coast, and to the Tuscan archipelago consisting of Gorgona, Capraia, Montecristo, Giglio and Giannutri. It is a popular cruising ground for yachts, however you may end up staying longer than you planned, seduced by the charm of these islands. You may also explore the Ligurian coast, Corsica and Sardinia.
|Italy: 7 days itinerary – 146 nautical miles approximately|
|1st day:||Embarkation||5th day:||Macinaggio – Bastia (Corsica) (20 nm)|
|2nd day:||Puntone – Porto Ferraio (Elba) (20 nm)||6th day:||Bastia – Marina di Campo (35 nm)|
|3rd day:||Porto Ferraio – Capraia (26 nm)||7th day:||Marina di Campo – Puntone (25 nm)|
|4th day:||Capraia – Macinaggio (Corsica) (20 nm)||8th day:||Disembarkation|
|Weather & Wind|
The prevailing wind in the summer is from W – NW. There will frequent be SE winds around Capraia, Elba and the mainland coast down to Giannutri, and frequent periods of calm. Often there will be a light W or SW wind at night. In the spring and autumn there are frequent local squalls around the islands, usually easily spotted as a ragged black line of cloud, though they do not normally last for long.
From may to mid- september, ideal for a relaxing holiday – best period for family with children. From april to october, the period is more indicated for sales fans and sportive crews.
Continental Italy and the Island of Giglio
– about 180 nm ( 1 week , 5 days sailing )
Portoferraio – Porto Azzurro – then a long leg to the Island of Giglio
On Giglio, the Castello is well worth a visit.
sail over to Giannutri for a swim , evening in Porto Santo Stefano or Porto Ercole.
back to Portoferraio through Punta Ala.
This route can be sailed in any wind and is safe as far as the Mistral is concerned. | <urn:uuid:ca95ee12-41e3-4317-948e-ca22db649750> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://yachtchartermuller.ch/home/?page_id=1319 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.913199 | 811 | 1.71875 | 2 |
What we believe
We believe that the church does not exist to tell people what to believe, but to make evident in whom to believe
Are you looking for a Church:
that is clear about the Christian faith
that is not preoccupied with secondary issues
that stands in the rich tradition of Christian worship
that encourages people to grow in the faith that they profess
that believes we ought to live so as to make a difference in the world?
If you are looking for such a church, then the Episcopal Church is for you.
We welcome you and invite you into this faith and fellowship of Jesus Christ.
History of St. John's
St. John's Episcopal Church in Versailles, Kentucky, was officially established on June 29, 1847.
The current church building was consecrated on May 28, 1885.
The parish house and the chapel were consecrated in 1930, a gift from The Camden family. A columbarium was built at the north side of the church in 1987.
The church has had visits from two notable dignitaries. Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II of England, attended Morning Prayer on Trinity Sunday, May 25, 1986. Three years later, on May 14, 1989, the 41st President of the United States, George Herbert Walker Bush, worshipped unannounced at the 8 a.m. service in the Chapel. Plaques have been placed where the Queen and the President were seated to commemorate their visits.
The Rev. Alan Sutherland served 2004-2009. The Rev. Dr. Philip Linder served September 2011-October 2015. The Rev. Phillip Haug served as Interim Rector November 2015-February 2017. The Rev. Dana Lockhart served as Priest in Charge from March 2017 to the present. | <urn:uuid:834c1aa2-3cd1-4f53-adc2-9851dad833a7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.stjohnsky.org/visitors | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.980989 | 363 | 1.703125 | 2 |
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Xootz TY5877 Balance Bike for Toddlers And Kids, Training Bicycle with Adjustable Seat And No Pedals, Blue
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When there’s only one ventilator but two patients who need it, how should a doctor decide who gets the chance to survive?
Medical ethicists across the country are working to help frontline workers answer weighty questions should the COVID-19 pandemic overwhelm hospitals the way it has in northern Italy and New York City.
“These are not decisions we want to make,” said Dr. Timothy Christie, who convenes an ethics committee that gives advice on pandemic response policy in New Brunswick.
“The planning that people are doing right now, they’re doing the best to make it so we don’t end up there.”
On Wednesday, chief public health officer Dr. Theresa Tam warned that Canada’s health-care system could be deluged in each of Ottawa’s pandemic scenarios. The system is not designed to deal with a surge of COVID-19 cases, which could mean facing difficult decisions about how to allocate sparse resources, she said.
Since the novel coronavirus was first confirmed in Canada, officials in several provinces have been developing guides so that doctors don’t feel alone in making life and death decisions.
British Columbia’s ethical framework builds on work started during the H1N1 epidemic and Ebola crisis. It addresses specific ethical questions on everything from distributing personal protective equipment and ventilators to “decision making about who will get scarce treatment if that comes to pass,” Dr. Bonnie Henry, the provincial health officer, said last week.
“No single individual physician or clinician will have to make that decision on their own.”
In Ontario, officials have announced the formation of an “ethics table” led by the University of Toronto’s joint centre for bioethics.
Alberta is working on a framework too.
“The focus will be on ensuring as many patients as possible receive the care they need,” Tom McMillan, a spokesman with Alberta Health, said in an email.
In New Brunswick, clinicians will be given a principle to help them make decisions based on their expertise.
Christie’s committee is recommending a fundamental shift in the underlying principle that doctors use to make treatment decisions if there aren’t enough hospital beds and ventilators.
“In cases where resources are limited, we would allocate the resources to people for whom we think will have the best outcome,” said Christie, who is also regional director of ethics services for the Horizon Health Network, the province’s anglophone health authority.
“That’s fundamentally different than the way we’d do it in normal circumstances.”
Under normal circumstances, Christie said doctors ask patients what their goals are. A patient with terminal cancer might wish to spend one last Christmas with his family, and treatment plans can be adjusted to help reach that goal.
COVID-19 could create a scenario where using a ventilator to keep someone alive for an extra few months comes at the expense of another person’s life, he said.
The challenge is determining how you define outcomes when comparing patients.
“There’s a lot of debate about how you define the best outcome. Some people would say it’s the amount of life you could live,” Christie said. In other words, choosing to save the younger of two patients.
“We reject that approach,” Christie said.
A 20-year-old and a 55-year-old both have ”significant” amounts of life left, so the difference between them is not morally relevant, he said.
Age isn’t the only factor being debated by the New Brunswick committee as it considers how to avoid discriminating against someone who develops COVID-19 after all ventilators are already in use.
Rather than stockpiling ventilators in anticipation of future cases, Christie said they are advising that a new patient be assessed against those already being ventilated. If the new patient has a good chance of surviving, doctors could ethically end the treatment for another patient who isn’t responding, he said.
But an ethical framework won’t help doctors who have to decide between two patients with nearly identical outcomes.
“In that circumstance you have an arbitrary decision. It’s going to be tragic, it’s going to be heartbreaking and it’s going to be arbitrary — and there’s no ethical principle that all of a sudden can make it better,” Christie said. “That’s no one’s fault.”
Amy Smart, The Canadian Press | <urn:uuid:a65f3d12-50dc-4c79-8c22-be0b63b61834> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.terracestandard.com/news/video-how-doctors-in-canada-will-decide-who-lives-and-dies-if-pandemic-worsens/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.941912 | 975 | 2.375 | 2 |
Safaga is located on the western coast of the Red Sea, about 60 km south of Hurghada, 80km north of Al Quseir and 160km east of Qena.
Safaga is one of the oldest ports on the Red Sea, as it started its activity at the time of the ancient Egyptians. In modern times, 1911, it became very important for exporting phosphate.
During World War 2 Safaga port was used by the allies. A relic of this time is a well known wreck near the port. The ship belonged to the British army and was used to serve the British troops. It was as a complete workshop for repairing and maintaining war equipment and vessels. This ship was sunk by the German air force in 1944.
The port is also considered to be a principal fortified position for the Egyptian navy to guard the South East of Egypt. Furthermore, it is used to serve the pilgrims going to and from Saudi-Arabia, to export aluminum and phosphate and to import wheat. Its great depth (about 25-34m) is suitable even for very large vessels with deep draughts. The area consists of many bays and Safaga is located on the largest one of them, opposite Safaga Island which acts as a natural barrier against large waves.
Where does the name Safaga come from?.....There are various opinions but it was said that a convoy coming from the Arabian Peninsula encountered severe dusty winds and they said (in Arabic) SAFA GAAH, which means "dusty winds came".
During the last few years Safaga has experienced a remarkable development in tourism, and now has a tourist center expanding for many kilometers, many hotels, touristic villages and entertainment centers.
The weather is wonderful in both summer and winter. Some tourist villages have medical centers that use sea water, mud from coral reefs and sand to cure Rheumatism, Psoriasis and other diseases. It is said that Queen Hatsheput spent some days every year in Safaga seeking a cure for her ailments. | <urn:uuid:a6ef2ccf-9255-409b-ab68-f6d22a882f83> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mciegypt.com/directory/safaga.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.979802 | 418 | 3.171875 | 3 |
As you climb up the jagged mountains of life, Shilajit is there to elevate your vitality and balance your energy. A true source of primal nutrition, this powerful Himalayan mineral complex rejuvenates the body, neutralises free radicals and counteracts adrenal overstimulation and exhaustion. Shilajit is suitable for both men and women, containing a complete array of over 70 trace minerals + fulvic & humic acids to enhance bioavailability.
- Deep mineralization on a cellular level
- Male sexual health
- General Weakness
- Brain Function
- Ayurvedic Rasayana (restorative anti ageing actions)
- Adrenal health
- Increases absorption of other herbal formulas.
SERVING SUGGESTION: Take 250mg to 1g or as otherwise suggested by an Ayurvedic practitioner.
Shilajit, a rare exude used in Ayurvedic medicine, is known traditionally as “The Destroyer of Weakness and “the Conqueror of Mountains” and it has earned the reputation as a pro sexual tonic. Shilajit has been used as a male sexual tonic, but has proven suitable for both men and women. According to Indian folklore, Shilajit makes the body as “strong as a rock.” Shilajit is a powerful tonic, or rasayana, with adaptogenic benefits. Shilajit was never intended to target or be of specific interest to men, but centuries of use and decades of scientific research makes Shilajit particularly interesting for male reproductive and sexual health. In Ayurveda tradition, Shilajit is used as a remedy for almost any illness or condition that can affect the human body. It is said to enhance the benefits of other herbal remedies as well.
Image: Shilajit is collected from mountain crags high in Himalayas.
Image: Shilajit oozing out of a high Himalayan mountainside.
Science & Articles
Clinical evaluation of spermatogenic activity:
Spectroscopic characterization of fulvic acids extracted from the rock exudate Shilajit:
Shilajit against Alzheimer’s Disease:
The spermatogenic and ovogenic effects of chronically administered Shilajit to rats:
Shilajit attenuates behavioral symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome by modulating the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and mitochondrial bioenergetics in rats:
Review of Shilajit: | <urn:uuid:a3cb9fd5-5e44-4a61-aa9e-4d7542d65ff3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nexusmagazine.com/product/himalayan-shilajit/?v=13b249c5dfa9 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.893663 | 552 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Almost every B2B company is under some stress financially, at least in part due to the globally competitive market. Raw material costs and frequent market changes wreak havoc on company pricing. Despite more effective cost management, efficiency gains, and process re-engineering efforts, this remains an ever-present truth.
Without better solutions at hand, many companies only have the one-size-fits-all price change, also known as the annual up or down price adjustment, at their disposal to manage volatile cost swings. What many companies don’t realize is this approach offers limited success, and often does more harm than good. Making price changes without visibility into price sensitivity and customer buying patterns is akin to a race car driver racing in a blindfold. You are racing from pricing event to pricing event without being able to see a good map of the twists, turns, pot holes and pile-ups in your way.
Across-the-board price adjustments aim to change the average selling price by treating all customers the same. But customers are not all the same. As a matter of fact, there probably isn’t a single customer with a profile exactly like an “average customer,” so why do companies continue to make pricing plans based on that core idea? The main reason is two-fold. First, companies generally lack sufficient market segmentation. Without sufficient market segmentation, calculating the right price for each unique selling circumstance is impossible.
In soft market periods, limiting price decreases can be very risky and it’s hard to prevent over discounting. And, if the whole market is brought down, it’s very difficult to raise prices back to prior levels later. Typically, price decreases happen when companies are losing clients, losing revenue, or both. Businesses accept a sacrifice of profits when revenue or customers are on the line and rationalize it as a cost of doing business.
One thing is certain with across-the-board price decreases: The market will fully accept the price decreases. From a profitability point of view, if some customers are not asking for a price decrease, then unilaterally lowering prices to all customers is clearly not a profit enhancement technique.
If a strategic decision has been made to gain market share by lowering prices, this approach can also leaks profits. It’s following the same fallacious logic again: treating all customers the same. The problem here is that some channels will not respond with greater demand in the future to offset the unit price reduction and the opportunity to earn greater total profit dollars is diminished.
The one-size-fits-all price change is a well-intentioned effort, but ultimately a rather blunt instrument in today’s complex markets. In B2B negotiations, it’s surprisingly quite common for customers to pay different prices for the same product. It’s really a byproduct of each customer’s buying circumstances and unique price sensitivity or, put differently, the fact that each customer is buying under different circumstances and each has different expectations for what a fair price is in the market based on those circumstances.
From this vantage point, it becomes clear that putting prices in-market that already account for different buying criteria is actually more equitable and fair to customers. For example, a customer that orders in a large quantity would expect to pay a lower price per unit than a customer ordering a small quantity. When prices are set properly, final adjusted market prices demonstrate that the underlying premise of an across-the-board price change is the wrong approach. Customers are not all the same, especially in terms of price sensitivities.
In a strong market, or one with inflationary cost pressures, businesses use the across-the-board price increases regularly. And, every sales person knows that this can lead to some very hard conversations with customers and the sales team. As proof of the challenge, it’s widely accepted that announced price increases only yield between one-third and two-thirds of the desired increase. Some customers will complain and then companies delay or roll back some or all of the price increases to placate them and mend the relationship.
Why does this happen? The root cause is that by trying to raise prices on customers that already pay more than the average by the same percentage as customers paying less than the average, your process doesn’t account for how sensitive each customer is to a price change for a product they buy.
The first step to smarter price changes is to admit that knowing customers’ price sensitivities will lead to more effective price changes. Omitting price sensitivity from customer and product market segmentation creates, at best, a poor proxy for grouping, limiting the ability to put prices in market that match each unique selling circumstance.
For example, perhaps one customer, in addition to the order size differentiation, also orders this product more frequently and therefore gets a better price than the customer who orders it once in a while. In fact, even in the course of a generally upward price increase, a company might choose to lower prices to some specific customers in order to grow their business with them, but the broad strokes of an across-the-board price increase limits the ability to do so.
Not every customer will have the same price sensitivity for every product. Some will be very profitable and others less so, but the magic here is that companies better serve discrete parts of the market by offering differentiated prices that match each customer’s buying circumstances. When that happens, sales are made and customers are quoted a fair and logical price. It’s a win-win. Not leaving money on the table in any negotiation is tricky business, but it’s not only possible, it’s practical when pricing science is used to remove the pricing blindfold.
Jim Vaughn has worked for more than 20 years with both B2C and B2B companies to set smarter prices. This work includes consulting for a wide variety of industries and customers, ranging from those with $100 million in annual sales to Fortune 100 clients. Jim is also the author of the recently released book: Stop Racing in a Blindfold! | <urn:uuid:42eeef62-f756-4fc4-8c60-d0cdd0a7d10d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.inddist.com/operations/article/13763795/the-case-against-onesizefitsall-pricing-strategies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.9575 | 1,242 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Training justice teams name for “equitable and secure education” throughout covid surge
A dozen local social and educational justice organizations have made a statement on “fair and safe education” during the Covid-19 bumps. The organizations are alarmed by the unprecedented and rising number of Covid cases being reported from schools and are calling for a mixed approach to reopening schools.
The organizations are calling for both personal learning for those with special needs and children whose families need a personal school for childcare and other services, AND solid distance learning for families who want to get involved in the school community but are unsure of health and safety conditions of schools.
At the heart of the message from these organizations is that all options “must be explicitly anti-racist and primarily target the health and humanity of young people, their families, educators, school staff and our communities”.
- High quality distance learning opportunities for students and families who need it. Demands of the youth as to how this can best be achieved include:
- Create a solid curriculum that will ensure that students are REALLY supported and assisted during distance learning
- Project-based assessments instead of tests, if possible, if tests are carried out, these assessments should be taken home
- Postpone midterms in secondary school until they can be authentically project-based and take assessments home with you
- Grant pass / fail for course credit as long as the pandemic continues to disrupt academic learning
- Accessible and compulsory weekly in-school tests for all students and staff at the school
- Consistently enforced health and safety protocols including masking in schools and class size limits to enable and maintain physical distance
- Provision of high quality masks such as verified KN95s or KF94s and free test kits for use at home for students, families and school staff
- Maintaining clear guidelines regarding quarantine and contact tracing processes for students and staff
- Improved ventilation and / or air filter systems
- Clear, consistent and linguistically appealing communication with students, families and school staff. Demands of the youth as to how this can best be achieved include:
- Providing more information about vaccines and vaccination clinics and providing enough free test kits / sites to students, families and school staff
- Communicate in multiple formats and languages to help teens, families, and school staff practice effective mask wearing, frequent hand washing and disinfecting, and other public health and safety measures that help curb the spread of COVID-19
- Regularly survey youth, families, and school staff to learn more about how schools and local and state agencies can better support them
“We are facing unique challenges as a society in these times,” said the organizations. “We must meet these challenges by rethinking our schools, social services and systems as a whole. In helping young people learn, we must also create a world in which they will grow into leaders. We owe nothing less to them than the thoughtful intention that we hope to have conveyed here.
“We call on Governor McKee, other elected leaders and officials to work with the communities to do what is right and necessary.”
The groups that will sign the declaration include: DEVELOP, Parents who lead for educational justice (TOILET), PRYSM (Providence Youth Student Movement), Rhode Island Urban Debate League, A guided tour, YOUNG VOICES, Youth in Action, A sweet creation, CIRCUIT, Providence Student Association (power adapter), STEAM box, and the Center for Justice.
Here is the full statement: | <urn:uuid:6aa9639b-dc8e-49da-b0e9-06801c174e44> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thatmillennialmama.com/training-justice-teams-name-for-equitable-and-secure-education-throughout-covid-surge/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.953539 | 731 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Healthcare Startup, 54Gene raised half a million US Dollars in less than 24 hours as they aim to produce test kits for the continent.
Nations and citizens across the continent are playing their respective parts in the bid to contain the spread of Covid-19. The coronavirus has proved to be highly contagious and in less than a week, the number of confirmed cases across the continent has more than tripled.
54Gene, A health-tech startup from Nigeria, has raised optimism and gained spotlight in the last week after securing significant funding in a short space of time. The research, services and development company will be using the funds to support the country’s Disease Control unit by accelarating the testing process. The funds will ensure that testing instruments and biosafety materials can be distributed across the country. They estimate that they can ensure a further 1,000 tests per day across the country.
According to WeeTracker’s Nzekwe Henry:
“By intensifying the testing process for COVID-19, 54gene hopes to help minimize the spread of the viral infection which has spread to over 170 countries across the globe, infecting 480,000+ persons and leading to more than 21,000 deaths worldwide.”
The publication also spoke to Dr. Abasi Ene-Obong, the CEO of 54gene who says:
“With the Nigeria COVID-19 Testing Fund, we are working in sync with the NCDC to make Nigeria’s public health an absolute priority during this global pandemic, which has left thousands dead or fighting for their lives,”
With potential to aid other health-tech companies across the continent, 54gene’s breakthrough could be seen as a massive moment in the fight for containment. | <urn:uuid:5e10d405-3232-4be2-8fd4-0642f50e6c4e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://moziak.africa/the-african-startup-that-raised-500-k-to-fight-covid-19/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.949291 | 367 | 2.125 | 2 |
Citations are references to a publication from other publications in a given database. The database’s coverage thus has an impact on whether a citation counts.
Citations are increasingly being used to shed light on the use and dissemination of research (impact), and a number of indicator measures have been developed based on citations, for example.
Standards for the calculation of these metrics can be found in the Snowball Metrics recipe book. Citations are also an element in the calculation of the h-index and a range of metrics of journal impact.
You can only make citation analyses in databases and search engines that index the publications’ reference lists.
The traditional citation indexes are Web of Science and Scopus, which are competing products with a considerable overlap. You can use them separately, but often it will be appropriate to carry out searches in both in order to assess which database is best in a given situation.
You should be aware that the databases primarily cover journal articles, and that there is limited coverage of humanities and social science research, for example.
Google Scholar also includes citations and has a broader coverage of publication type, topic and language. Google Scholar's interface can make it more difficult to conduct systematic searches in the same manner one can in the traditional citation indexes.
In the normal publishing cycle, citations typically appear in academic publications referencing previous publications.
New articles, that refer to earlier articles, must be published and included in the citation databases before the citations can be counted. In some subject areas this occurs faster than in others. However, it would ordinally be expected to take 3-4 years from an article being published, before it makes sense to count citations of the publication.
In addition, there are varying academic traditions for how frequently citations are made. In some areas, for example, it is impressive to see 10 citations per publication, while in others you might expect 50. Therefore normalised citations are usually calculated, e.g. Field-Weighted Citation impact.
Self-citations (citations of earlier articles within the same journal) are a common part of ordinary research communication. In an evaluation context, self-citations are often criticised because authors themselves can affect the amount of self-citations. Thus, some subjects omit self-citations, while others do not.
The larger the entity being analysed, the less impact the inclusion of self-citations will have. | <urn:uuid:60c43e9f-c01d-440e-bbf5-81bc20a683df> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://library.au.dk/en/researchers/bibliometrics/citations | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.930459 | 489 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Evidence collected by Project Coyote in two parts of Louisiana from 2009-2018 should, on its own, suffice to justify maintaining the Ivory-billed Woodpecker’s current listing as an extant, endangered species in the United States. Others may differ, but I think the totality of the evidence does even more, making a compelling case that the species persists in more than one Louisiana location.
This will be a two part post. The initial impetus for writing it was a conversation I had with Erik Hendrickson about how the scientific, birding, and legal approaches to evidence seem to differ. That will be the main focus of Part 2. As for Part 1, after talking to Erik, I realized that I’d never done a single post aggregating the evidence we’ve obtained over the years, so when it was announced that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service would be conducting a status review for the Ivory-billed Woodpecker, the need for writing this up became more urgent. That’s the primary focus of Part 1, but some of what I’m planning for Part 2 will be foreshadowed in this lengthy treatment.
Edited to add, August 1, 2022: Part 2 was not written.
There is a strong tendency to privilege visual evidence over other forms – audio and circumstantial. I’m inclined to think that our audio evidence is the most compelling material overall; as regular readers know, I also think circumstantial evidence, feeding sign in particular, is very important. But the structure of this post will track conventional attitudes, starting with visual material followed by a discussion of sound recordings and auditory encounters, and concluding with more circumstantial forms of evidence.
Project Coyote has been focused on two areas in Central and East-central Louisiana. I found what I call the “old” search area after reading a newspaper account of a local landowner’s efforts to get his reports taken seriously. This is the landowner who sketched corrections to the Louisiana Hunting Guide’s ivorybill illustrations and who showed Frank Wiley (my late collaborator) bark scaling when he visited the area.
To be clear about what he was trying to show in the corrections: the gentleman died before I had a chance to meet him, but as Frank told me after his August 2009 interview, all of the corrections are in red ink, so the intent was not to put a male crest on a female bird; it was to show the female’s crest as more erect and recurved than the drawing and indicate that the male’s crest also is more erect and prominent (less Pileated-like) than the game guide representation. Also note the drawings at top right, in which he compared IBWO and PIWO wings, implying that the wings in the game guide image are a little too rounded.
What’s most salient about these observations is not whether they are perfectly accurate, although they do seem to reflect some little-known nuances, it’s that the landowner had enough claimed observations of male and female ivorybills to recognize subtle differences and to distinguish them from Pileateds. In addition, he was offended by the treatment he received when he tried to alert the authorities. I have personal knowledge about this last aspect based on conversations with family members who wanted to see him vindicated.
He was certainly convincing enough for Frank to start visiting the property on a weekly basis during the summer of 2009. Thus, Project Coyote was born.
The landowner’s reports go back to the 1990s. (The linked post includes audio from 2009). There are several medium to large state WMAs and National Wildlife Refuges in fairly close proximity to the site. We heard additional claims from residents of the area while we were focused there.
Putative ivorybill activity on the property seems to have diminished or ended altogether after an adjoining parcel was logged in late fall 2010. As a result, we gradually shifted our attention to the new search area.
The old search area received minimal attention during the post-Arkansas period; some peripheral Ivory-billed Woodpecker-related research was conducted in the general vicinity, but there was no formal, funded search effort. Nor was it visited by Cornell’s Mobile Search Team, although Martjan Lammertink did spend several days on site, after the logging.
Similarly, our “new” search area was entirely off the radar. It doesn’t show up on anyone’s list of promising locations, notwithstanding the fact that it is in one of the most sparsely populated, heavily forested parts of the state. There’s also a long history of local reports. Most of the claims seem to have been fairly recent, but some go back to the late 1990s.
And these are only the claims I know about . . .
For reasons that I hope will become clear, I have not kept track of all our possible sightings since 2009 and have not always mentioned them in blog posts. Nevertheless, I’ll begin with sightings. Over the years, Frank had more possibles and reported having better views than anyone else. I’m probably second, with approximately six since 2009, but unfortunately no good looks. Steve Pagans has had several possibles; a few visitors have also made claims.
While this is largely a subject for the next post, it’s well-known that eyewitness testimony is unreliable, at least when the source is an untrained observer. Nevertheless, eyewitness testimony is central to many a criminal trial, and it has a strong impact on jurors. There seems to be a parallel with respect to the ivorybill. Accounts of possible sightings tend to attract more interest than many more substantive and important posts.
Thus my Sunset Sighting post, which is not quite two months old, has had approximately 800 page views, but my March 18, 2017 post entitled, Numerous Kent-like Calls Recorded on March 11 and 15, 2017 received a total of 744 views last year. Similarly, the post on Joseph Saucier’s October 2017 sighting and our follow-up visit to that location, Change of Pace Change of Place, posted in late November, received 804 page views, the second highest total for the year, (well behind the announcement of Frank’s passing).
According to a survey conducted in the aftermath of the Arkansas controversy, “[R]espondents were most confident in the sightings, less confident in the Luneau video and recordings of double-knocks and kent calls, and least confident in the FishCrow video.” The discrepancy was strongest for the “Definitely of IBWO” category, where 22 people listed sightings as conclusive, compared to 10 for the Luneau video, 9 for kent calls, 8 for double knocks, and 4 for the first Fishcrow video. (PDF) The Great Ivory-billed Woodpecker Debate: Perceptions of the Evidence. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259337980_The_Great_Ivory-billed_Woodpecker_Debate_Perceptions_of_the_Evidence[accessed Jun 28 2018].
So sightings have an almost irresistible appeal; in some cases, there’s good reason to credit them, but it is very difficult to separate the wheat from the chaff, to determine what’s trustworthy and what isn’t. And there are many kinds of chaff – wishful thinking, self-delusion, ignorance, mistake, and deception to name the most obvious.
I’ve retrospectively rejected a couple of my possible sightings (and almost did so with the recent “Wooden Wings” incident), partly because I’m disposed to look for reasons to doubt myself and partly because I realized that I was in some way primed in a couple of those instances; for example, in one case, I’d been looking at specimens the day before. In the absence of a good look, I think it’s better to err on the side of self-skepticism.
When it comes to claims from others, it’s impossible to know with certainty what someone else saw, even when reports are accompanied by detailed sketches and field notes, as is the case with several of Frank’s sightings. I was with him for one, on April 3, 2015, when he made notes (available at the link) and a sketch (at my urging). I have no doubt that he was convinced he saw an ivorybill, as he was visibly shaken immediately afterwards and was very slow to regain his composure.
But I really like corroboration, and to the best of my recollection, Frank and I had two possible two-person sightings in all our time together – the first was in the old search area, the day after an auditory encounter and a week before a suggestive trail cam capture was obtained, effectively from the same spot. I consider this my strongest possible sighting.
The second was much weaker, a flyover with two birds seen in silhouette within 15-20 minutes of an ADK series. (Three of my possible sightings, two of which Frank also saw, have been associated with ADKs.) We did not think much of this possible at the time but could not explain it away entirely. I should add that Frank had several other two or more person sightings, but I was not present for those.
With regard to the local reports, I’m always mindful of the possibility that I’m being played, especially as an obvious northerner in rural Louisiana, but I don’t think that has ever happened. It’s still necessary to listen closely and ask the right questions. Pileated, Red-headed, and even Red-bellied Woodpeckers can be confusing for non-birders. I’m more likely to credit accounts from people who make it clear they know Pileateds and know the difference (like the landowner in the old search area) or from people who say they thought the ‘ones with the white backs are the males’ and the ‘ones with the black backs are the females’. I’ve heard this only a couple of times. But I like it best when we get ivorybill claims from different, unconnected people referencing the same location; this has happened in the vicinity of the current search area.
To conclude, members of our group have had multiple sightings of varying quality, in two different Louisiana locations since 2009. In addition, there have been multiple claims from locals in both areas.
One final note, relevant to the USFWS review: I am aware of a number of additional post-2009 claims from Louisiana (and a few from other states). In a couple of cases, Frank interviewed the people involved and found them to be credible. A cellphone video was obtained in one instance; the observers’ excitement over apparently seeing a pair of ivorybills is evident, but the quality of the video is extremely poor. In the other case, two people saw the bird and one provided a highly detailed description and sketch. There’s also Joseph Saucier’s report from last fall; our follow-up suggested that much of the habitat in this large expanse of forest was likely suitable, and Matt Courtman, who is an excellent birder, heard what he thought was a very good double knock on one of his follow-up visits.
I recently posted a couple of Frank’s 2009 sightings and accompanying photographs that hadn’t been made public previously. These are the only photographs associated with possible sightings that we have obtained. Full details are available at the link; rather than recapitulate them here, I’ll focus on trail cam photos, including several that have been discussed previously plus a few intriguing ones from the old search area that have not been posted previously.
These are the images I think are most strongly suggestive of Ivory-billed Woodpecker and for which I am unaware of a strong counterargument.
The first two have been discussed repeatedly at length in a number of other posts. Both are from the old search area; the first was taken in August 2009 and the second, which appears to show a female Ivory-billed Woodpecker, was taken in late November, a week after the sighting discussed in the previous section.
To reiterate a couple of points about the August 2009 image: in the original photograph, there appears to be some red in the crest (though it’s not positioned right for either PIWO or IBWO). Careful review and image enhancement made it clear to me that the red is an artifact and the crest is black. In addition, as shown in the enhanced detail, there appears to be a large, light-colored bill protruding from a cavity in the background. This apparent bill is absent from captures obtained on other days. It changes position in the two frames where it is visible, suggesting it is attached to something within the cavity. (Unfortunately, the other frames from that morning have long since been lost.)
The image of a bird in flight, from the new search area, is more problematic, as it is not demonstrably a woodpecker. The still above includes an inserted Imperial Woodpecker for comparison, with motion blur reduction applied to the bird captured by the trail cam. One prominent birder stated that it is a Blue Jay, but as discussed in the original post, the bird is behind the snag and appears to be as large as or larger than a Pileated Woodpecker captured on the trunk.
Although we’ve determined that one of the initially intriguing images from that deployment shows a Red-headed Woodpecker, a few others remain interesting.
There’s an additional image from the spring of 2010 (old search area) that has always intrigued me, though I never had a chance to examine the original. I think it shows a large woodpecker, with a black crest, high on a honey locust. If it were a Pileated, male or female, I’d expect some red to be visible in the crest, even under these conditions.
Finally, there are a couple of additional trail cam captures from the old search area that I have not posted previously. By now, the original sequences are lost, and I’ve long since forgotten any details or discussion we might have had when Frank sent me the images. While they are far from conclusive, I think they are interesting enough to post in this context. At minimum, they further illustrate the challenges associated with obtaining definitive trail cam imagery.
Note: If you listen to the recordings below with headphones (recommended) be aware that some have loud sounds, clarinet toots and ADKs, in the foreground. This applies to the clip from March 2013 that I recorded and to many of Matt Courtman and Phil Vanbergen’s recordings from March 2017.
Possible auditory encounters far outnumber possible sightings, and over the years we have made numerous recordings of putative kents and double knocks (more than once in combination, which should add to their evidentiary value). Some visitors have been rewarded by hearing something within a day or two of arriving, and this has been true in both search areas, although others have been less fortunate, and I heard nothing suggestive during the most recent field season (though Matt Courtman recorded three possible calls in April of this year).
I will not be including all the audio evidence we’ve obtained, just some of the material I think is most significant. Some of the putative kent calls that have been recorded over the years may be Blue Jays; it has been suggested that Matt’s calls from this spring are too low pitched for ivorybill and might be from a heron, though I think they come from the same source. Regardless, many of the calls are simply inconsistent with any known bird species, are fairly close to the Singer Tract recordings harmonically, and are perfectly consistent with written descriptions of Ivory-billed Woodpecker sounds.
Edited to Add August 1, 2022: I have come to think the calls discussed below from 2010 and 2013 are squirrel barks. These are, in my view, the most challenging confusion sounds.
One of the most dramatic encounters involving both apparent kents and double knocks was from the old search area. It seemed to have been triggered by banging from the tin roof of an old deer stand. Six people were present, and much of the incident was recorded. There were apparently two birds involved. More details are in this post, and here is Frank’s 58 minute recording:
Extracts from the encounter and other material recorded in person and on remote units in the old search area and environs, as well as sonograms, can be found here, via the Wayback Machine. Some of the Wayback Machine links are not functioning, and the material posted there includes a couple of double knocks; here are several of the recorded kent-like calls:
Note that the fundamental frequencies on many, but not all, of these calls are in the 900-925 hz range, higher than the Singer Tract recordings and possibly consistent with Blue Jay. But in the second clip above, the fundamentals of both the lower calls at the beginning and the higher calls at the end appear to be a little over 800 hz., and during the extended encounter mentioned above, the calls went on for a prolonged period without the source revealing itself as a Blue Jay, which would be typical if the animal were indeed a jay.
The same applies to calls I heard and recorded in the new search area on the morning and afternoon of March 2, 2013. The morning calls went on for ~20 minutes. I did not think they were Blue Jays in the field.
We have recorded apparent double knocks in apparent reaction to ADKs and to Barred Owl calls and sometimes in contexts where the trigger is unclear, as in this example from an October 2015 post written by Frank:
“Bob and I continued upstream for another half mile, located a nice spot with a good view, and I performed an ADK series, followed about ten minutes later by a series of electronic playbacks of Singer Tract ivorybill calls. Shortly thereafter, Bob heard a double rap drum, that was captured on my digital recorder. I personally don’t believe that the drum was a direct response to my ADKs as there was at least a fifteen minute interval after the last of the ADK/playback series.
The double rap is not “perfect” in that the “intra-knock interval” is about .05 seconds longer than the “ideal” – based on averages of the intervals of other Campephilus drums – but it sounds very good.”
The 15 minute interval between ADK/playback and apparent response is similar to the lag time that has been observed in other Campephilus woodpeckers responding to ADKs; it may be worth distinguishing between a slower ‘response’ and a more immediate ‘reaction’ in this context. (M. Lammertink, pers. comm.)
In my view, the audio recorded by Phil Vanbergen and Matt Courtman in March 2017 is compelling, perhaps the most compelling evidence we’ve obtained. On the morning of March 15, they recorded over 200 calls, along with a number of possible double knocks, over an approximately three hour period. The calls have lower fundamental frequencies than many of those in earlier recordings; these frequencies are considerably lower than any kent-like Blue Jay calls I’ve been able to locate online. Other suggestions have included, Red-breasted Nuthatch (too high) and Wild Turkey (no typical Turkey vocalizations were recorded that morning).
Overall, the calls appear to be inconsistent with any other known species of bird, mammal, or amphibian. Their association with Campephilus-like double knocks strengthens the argument for Ivory-billed Woodpecker as the source. As far as I know, the sheer number of recorded calls is unprecedented for a single incident in the post-Singer Tract era.
I was lucky enough to hear a couple of the calls on March 11, the day Phil first captured them, along with a couple more and some knocks at the same location on the following day. I’ve blogged about these recordings at length in multiple posts; I won’t repeat all that material here, but the discussions are worth reading. I will repost some of the original recordings and enhanced versions.
Here is the first recording Phil made, one clip with the calls isolated and one with our talk and reactions. It may be difficult to hear the calls without headphones.
Here are some brief extracts from Phil’s March 15 recordings:
Here are some from Matt’s:
In the interest of brevity, I encourage readers to visit this post for in depth analysis, various extracts, and amplified versions that highlight the calls and some of the knocks. As always, it helps to listen through headphones.
Indirect Evidence: Bark Scaling, Bark Chips, and Cavities
I’ve discussed my bark scaling hypothesis – that a certain type or types of scaling may be diagnostic for Ivory-billed Woodpecker – multiple times over the years. As explored in a couple of recent posts, we are in the process of testing it. I won’t recapitulate the hypothesis here except to say that I remain convinced that neither Pileated Woodpeckers nor squirrels are physically capable of removing hickory bark in the manner we’ve found in the new search area. There may be other diagnostic characteristics, but my main focus is now on the hickories, since the work on that species is the most extreme outlier. Below are some dramatic examples of bark scaling (plus one image of interesting feeding sign on a sweet gum sapling that had been stripped of bark) on hickories, oaks, and sweet gums from both search areas.
For Tanner, bark scaling was one of the strongest indicators of ivorybill presence, even though he accepted some reports from trusted sources in areas where he found no scaling. The absence of scaling (along with poor habitat “quality”) was one of his main reasons for dismissing reports during his 1930s survey and rejecting the ones from the Big Thicket in the 1960s. He also doubted reports from the Chipola and Apalachicola area in 1950 based on finding no cavities or scaling during a 4 day visit. He concluded his notes on the trip by stating:
Conclusion: No I-b now in Chipola R. and neighboring Apalach R. swamps. Many of Kelso’s reports are mistaken, – not deliberately false, but due to ignorance and wishful thinking. There appear to be contradictions in some of his stories. I could not get any clear statement of what Ivory-bills sound like from him. He said that the local name of I-b was “Saddleback”, – which appears good but in many ways odd. Also “Van Dyke”! There certainly is no fresh sign in any area we visited indicating that the birds are present. The only possibility is that of scaling on pine; this may be solved by watching Pileateds in the pine woods.
(F. Bryntesson, pers. comm.)
While I think it’s possible, indeed likely, that some of the work Tanner ascribed to ivorybills was done by Pileated Woodpeckers and squirrels, there’s no question that an abundance of bark scaling is relevant in assessing possible ivorybill presence in a given area.
Based on visits, some lasting a week or more, to suspected ivorybill haunts in South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana and on information provided by other searchers and people who have spent years in southeastern forests, I feel safe in saying that the quantity and quality of bark scaling found in both search areas is unusual. We also found an abundance of scaling in the area where Mr. Saucier had his sighting last year, something that I think lends added credibility to his report.
In the past, many in the searcher community speculated that lateral groves or bill marks in the cambium or sapwood might be suggestive, but this view has fallen out of favor; much of what was thought to be “scaling” in these instances was in fact shallow excavation with associated bark removal. We found one example of superficial lateral marks in 2013 that continues to intrigue me, although the snag in question is a young sweet gum that could easily have been stripped by a squirrel or Pileated Woodpecker.
The edges of the scaled area may tell more of a story, especially in conjunction with any bark chips found on the ground. On the trees shown above, damage to the still-adhering bark suggests that lateral blows were integral to the scaling. This would be expected if the source were a Campephilus woodpecker.
An abundance of large, hard, thick bark chips (or chunks) around the base of a tree is also a likely indicator. Pileated Woodpeckers and squirrels seem to remove bark in smaller pieces and in strips. Additionally, when squirrels are involved and the bark has been recently removed, it’s likely that there will be a lot of smaller debris in the mix, since squirrels have to gnaw their way through the bark. Some of the chips we found in the old search area seem to have bill marks consistent with Ivory-billed Woodpecker.
The bills of specimens, at least, seem to fit perfectly into indentations in the chips, but Pileated Woodpecker bills seem to be too small. The larger chips shown below are suspected Ivory-billed Woodpecker from a variety of species – oak, hickory, sweet gum, sugarberry, and honey locust. The specimen shots are with a honey locust chip from the old search area. The first few images show squirrel and Pileated woodpecker leavings for comparison.
Cavities are vexing. I’ve become convinced that there’s no bright line for distinguishing Pileated from Ivory-billed Woodpecker, notwithstanding the dimensions Cornell gave for “large” PIWO (3.5″ x 3.7″) versus “small” IBWO (4.0″ x 5.0″). The small ivorybill sample was limited to nest holes, and I’ve certainly seen plenty of oddly shaped and large holes being used by Pileated Woodpeckers. Thus, while I keep my eyes open for cavities, I don’t think there’s a reliable way to determine which species is responsible for creating or using large, irregularly shaped cavities, although extensive bark scaling on the tree may be indicator.
It has been a challenge to find cavities of any kind in our current search area, probably due in part to the high canopy. We did find a cluster of interesting cavities in what I call the northern sector in the 2014-2015 season. This cluster was in the vicinity where we’ve found an abundance of scaling over the years and where Phil and Matt made the recordings last year. Below are some of the most interesting cavities we’ve found in the two search areas. Cavities were much easier to find when we followed up on the Saucier sighting, but I’ve omitted those from this document.
In conclusion, there is an abundance of evidence suggesting that Ivory-billed Woodpeckers persist in Louisiana. It is self-evident that none of this evidence rises to the level of proof required for establishing beyond all doubt that the species has survived, but I think the case for persistence is a compelling one, without regard to evidence obtained in other areas since 2005.
Stay tuned for a more theoretical discussion of evidence, proof, and professional approaches thereto.
Thanks to Wylie Barrow, Fredrik Bryntesson, Patricia Johnson, Tommy Michot, Steve Pagans, and Phil Vanbergen for their input. Some photos by Steve Pagans and Erik Hendrickson. | <urn:uuid:aa0733c3-8762-4704-ab64-5dbf0f56e66c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://projectcoyoteibwo.com/2018/06/29/evidence-part-1-project-coyote-2009-2018/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.970239 | 5,895 | 2.328125 | 2 |
A healthy child with sufficient physical activity eats as much as he needs and read https://ipcgeneralcouncil.org/what-skills-do-children-need-to-develop/. Therefore, it is not necessary to force him to eat under any circumstances. But it is in your power to make meals desirable.
What should parents do if their child is not eating well? There are several ways that can help.
Set an example
Your child will not eat what he did not see on your plate. This is at the level of instincts: to repeat after adults, because the other may be inedible or tasteless. Whether you like it or not, eating habits are formed based on the diet of parents, and not on the basis of stories about what is good and what is bad. Moreover, the baby is able to hear and understand your arguments about the usefulness of products not earlier than 5 years. Until this age, food for him is either tasty or not.
Therefore, parents should reconsider the family menu, make it healthy and tasty for both the child and the adult and read https://argoprep.com/blog/project-based-learning-pbl-examples/.
Eliminate extra snacks
Normally, if a child eats 3 times a day, 2 small snacks are enough for him 1.5 hours before the main meal. Also, snacks should be varied and tasty, not consist of sweets and be light enough not to interrupt the appetite. Based on the portion of breakfast, lunch and dinner, you can generally remove snacks, but you should still focus on the child. If 2 hours after eating, he clearly loses activity, it is better to offer a snack or add calories.
Cook and eat together
Nothing stimulates the appetite like a person chewing next to you. Ask your baby if he’s hungry and he’ll say no. But as soon as you crunch a juicy apple, you will immediately be asked to share it. Do not try to negotiate or convince – show in practice: go shopping together, tell where this or that vegetable grows and what is prepared from it. Be interested in the opinion of the child when choosing products and offer to fill the cart in the supermarket. At home, ask for help with cooking: clean, mix, pour out – and the baby will be more motivated as a result to try what he made himself.
The child does not eat well if others do not show him an example: mom quickly drank tea after read https://argoprep.com/blog/educators/fake-news-examples-for-students-and-how-to-find-the-facts/, dad had breakfast at work, and they put a huge plate in front of the baby and demand something from him. Eat together, introduce the baby to the adult table and you will see that his food interest grows and develops. Serve food of different shapes and colors: cucumber straws, tomatoes in circles, potatoes in balls – the baby will like this approach to serving and he will wait with great interest what mom will come up with this time.
Adult feeding is one of the common reasons why a child eats little between the ages of one and two. Let your child show their abilities. Closer to 12 months, the child is ready to hold a spoon in his hands and cope with it. Of course, he will eat much longer, and half of the food will go to the walls and floor, but in this way the baby learns to interact with different products.
For a child, self-feeding is something new. You need to get used to food, find out, try how it still manifests itself. | <urn:uuid:02500f6b-cff0-4c2a-8015-f6d33b89d849> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nhsistercities.org/the-child-does-not-eat-well-what-to-do/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.967189 | 760 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Introduction: 12v LED Lights for Car, Home, Boat......
Hi this is a way to make 12v led lights that can be used on any standard 2 pin 12 volt light for example your cars lights, inside your motorhome, boat or 12v home lights(like those for your desk or to light up your paintings or photos).. these are very common so you can replace them almost anywhere and are also very very cheap easy to make and you will be saving lots of electricity since they bearly consume any electricity..
you can make these of 4 or 2 leds or more if conecting them in parallel depending on size and how much light you will need
it pretty much ends up beeng the size of a small 12v car bulb
Step 1: Parts!!!
the parts for this project are as following
you will need (in picture)
1---- 100nf capasitor
1---- ln4007 diod
1---- 150ohm resistor **
4---- super bright white leds (i will be using some bright orange LEDs) *
* this is to make the 4 led version... if you want the 2 leds you will need a 348 ohm resistor instead
** the value of the resistor will also very with the input Voltage, the type of LED you buy and the Diod...
my led has a Forward Voltage of 2V (the white ones are 3.5V or somthing like that) and a max of 20 miliAmpers and my diod of 1.1V and i think a max of 1amp
so if you would like to calculate the exact value for your components you will need this information..
In the images i leave you a formula to calculate the resistor depending on your components..
in this formula (in the image)
V--------- is the voltage you will use to power the led
Vfled---- is the forward voltage of your led
Vfd------- is the forward voltage of your diod
Imax---- is the maximum voltage that your circuit can take so that would be your LEDs operation current
nºleds-- is the number of leds you will be conecting(if the resistor gives a negative number you passed the limit of leds)
Step 2: Circuit
the circuit is very simple just a bunch of leds in series with a diod to protect from any reverse voltages and a capasitor to filtrer any large spikes that can burn out the leds (Cars have many) and a resistor to limit the current .. the capasitor is optional but i recomend it specialy if its going on a car...
in the image you can see the circuit for a 4 led light with all the calculations..
((typo the image has to say 100nf capasitor not 1nf))
Step 3: Puting It All Together Step1
now for the fun part!!!!!
first some things you have to know... the short pin of the led is the negative (anode) end it also has a mark on the outside of the led..
on the diod the side without a shaded line is the negative (anode) side....
Start by soldering the resistor and the led as shown in image
the resistor is soldered to the catode(long pin) of the led
Step 4: Put It Together Step2
now we have to bend the catode of the new led and the anode of the one we just soldered and solder them together..
and remove the exces metal (dont cut the anode of the other led!!!) do this with all three.. and ditribute them in a squre...
Step 5: Put It Together Step 3
now you will have to bend the resistor to the other side so it takes up less space and solde the diod in series with the resistor...
after that you will have to solder the capasitor to the resistor (where the diod is conected) and the anode of the last led... (if you are lost just follow the schematics) (WARNING!!! dont hold the soldering iron to long or everything will fall apart!!!) and remove al extra metal
MAKE SURE THAT NO CONECTIONS ARE TOUCHING BEFORE CONECTING THEM TO POWER!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Step 6: Finish and Enjoy!!!
note: if it does not light up you might of conected it backwords ( dont worry the diod protects it from burning if conected backwords, just dont leave it to long backwords it may get damaged)
-change those always burning out lights from your car (LEDS HAVE A VERY VERY VERY LONG LIFESPAN)
-light up your car interioir
-make your car into a Fast and Furious neon(LED) light tunner AWSOMNESS!!..
-light up your gaden!! (insulate the leds first!!)
-light up your pool!! (at own risk)
-tranasform your motorhome or boat into low consumption LED ilumination...
controll them with a microcontroller
(these orange ones on the video are the ones i made and calculated for this instructable the white leds from the photos had 4.5V forward voltage so a diferent resistor was used and they were very bright!!!!!...)
any thing that can plug in a 2 pin 12v bulbs will work.. almost all car headlights and interior lights can use this and those 12v home interior lights..
Participated in the
1 Person Made This Project!
- dannield made it! | <urn:uuid:4eb9a8e8-aaba-4b61-9f65-0a298ca36364> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.instructables.com/12v-LED-lights-for-Car-Home-Boat/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.903634 | 1,186 | 2.25 | 2 |
Payment & Shipping Terms:
|MATERIAL:||Stainless Steel 304/S316L||HEAT EXCHANGER HTA:||0.12(m2)|
|ROTATION SPEED:||50-300rpm||FEED AMOUNT:||4~12 ( L/h)|
|VACUITY:||0.001mbar||FLOOR AREA:||Length*width*height=1100*500*1750 (mm)(without Pump)|
reflux distillation equipment,
fractional distillation machine
0.12 ㎡ Heat Exchange Distillation Machine With Stainless Steel 316
—— Particular features
Continuous distillation process.
Very low operating pressures up to 0.1Pa (100Pa=1mba). (The considerably lower pressure in the short path evaporator is obtained by the short distance for the vapours on their way from the evaporator surface to the condenser. )
The very low operating pressures ensure very low distillation temperatures and therefore a very gentle distillation is possible.
Short residence time. (Thanks to the short residence time, the low evaporation temperature and the immediate cooling of the concentrate, thermal stress and decomposition of the product can be minimized.)
High evaporation rates.
|MATERIAL||stainless steel 304/S316L|
|TEMPERATURE||Room temp~200/300 ℃(depend on the Electric heater)|
|HEAT EXCHANGER HTA||0.12 (m2)|
|INNER CONDENSING HTA||0.2(m2)|
|FEED AMOUNT||4~12 ( L/h)|
|FILM SYSTEM||Wiped Filming System|
|VACUITY||0.001mbar(depend on the nature of material and vacuum pump)|
|COLD TRAP||Liquid nitrogen|
|FLOOR AREA||length*width*height=1100*500*1750 (mm)(without pump)|
|POWER||150W (without pump)|
Molecular distillation system is meant to carry out vacuum distillation at high temperature and high vacuum (>0.001mBar). It is a process of separation, purification and concentration. It is more vital for the thermal sensitive distillates. The distillate is exposed to high temperature and high vacuum pressure in the distillation column and a small distance between evaporator and condenser (around 2 cm) .
Contact Person: sales | <urn:uuid:c8314c69-1a82-477e-a8a9-22ee55905e73> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.vacuumdistillationmachine.com/china-ss_316_solvent_distillation_machine_simple_small_scale_4_12_l_h_feed_amount-10879185.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.755177 | 606 | 1.546875 | 2 |
The Independent Women’s Forum (IWF) presented Ambassador Nikki Haley with its Barbara K. Olson Woman of Valor Award on Wednesday night at its Annual Awards Gala held at DAR Constitution Hall in Washington. The awards ceremony has seen an almost 50 percent increase in attendance for each of the past four years.
Haley, who is leaving office at the end of the year, was recognized for her strength, courage, and willingness to speak boldly on behalf of America’s interests, her work on human rights around the world, and her deep commitment to economic liberty and freedom.
Presenting the award, IWF Chair Heather R Higgins, said Haley has defended America’s interests “confidently, clearly, and with steadfast moral compass, and without apology.”
“Where reform was possible, for instance, in UN peacekeeping negotiations and operations, she has led the way,” said Higgins. “Thanks to her leadership, the UN’s peacekeeping efforts are now focused on fairness, compassion, respect, and importantly, actually achieving results.”
“In UN showdowns over everything from North Korean missiles and nuclear tests, to the use of chemical weapons in Syria, Ambassador Haley stood up to Russia, China, Iran, and their cohorts. She has called out their propaganda. She is a clarion voice for decency and truth,” she added. “Thanks to her leadership, the UN imposed the toughest sanctions yet on North Korea.”
Haley accepted the award and thanked IWF, saying the group “was founded on the revolutionary notion that not all women think alike.” She added that “the truth is, the majority of women’s groups don’t speak for women who aren’t liberals. That’s just a fact. IWF was created to be a voice for millions of women who are like me.”
Haley recounted her experiences and work for women over the past two years while serving as ambassador. “Of course, there is sexism and we must never tolerate it. But there’s also something else that tremendously disadvantages women that gets less attention, and that’s the actions of governments and the effects of lawlessness. In place after place that I’ve worked on over the past two years, this phenomenon has struck me,” she said.
“In Syria, where the dictator uses chemical weapons against his own people, it is women and children who are the most victimized. In Venezuela, where a once well-off people have become impoverished by the disasters of socialism, it is women who are disproportionately left to care for children without medicine and feed their families without food,” Haley continued. “Time after time, government corruption, trampling of human rights, and the absence of freedom hurts women the most.”
What next for Haley? Potentially, the sky is the limit, as suggested by the wave of women voters in the midterm elections. Haley could present the current administration with – pardon the pun – the trump card in this female wave of political change. Indeed, Newsweek is already suggesting Haley as a replacement for Vice President Mike Pence and it is not inconceivable that we could see a change of running mate for the 2020 campaign. | <urn:uuid:71450460-d3f9-4f4e-bd4d-3cc157551024> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hstoday.us/subject-matter-areas/federal-government/ambassador-nikki-haley-honored-as-2018-woman-of-valor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.972142 | 678 | 1.554688 | 2 |
December 1, 2021
Join a tour of our listed building. Learn more about our Victorian roots and peak into our beautiful chapel.
Oxford House Building Tour: Victorian Archives, Ghandi’s Visit and a Secret Chapel, 1 December 2021, 12pm
Dates December 1, 2021 - December 1, 2021
Times 12:00 pm - 1:00 pm
Price £5 per person
Location Meet on Oxford House Cafe
Victorian archives, a visit from Ghandi and a secret chapel, Oxford House, is full of surprises. Join us for a guided tour of our listed Victorian building in the heart of Bethnal Green.
Oxford House was designed by Sir Arthur Blomfield, (architect of the Royal College of Music) in 1891, though our origins date back to 1884 when a group of students and graduates from Oxford University began a small ‘settlement’ in Bethnal Green.
These ‘settlers’ lived and worked from Oxford House which has played an important role in the East End for over 140 years. On this guided tour you’ll learn more about about the distinctive architecture of our building, local social history and our changing visitors.
As part of this tour you’ll get to look inside our Victorian archives, peer inside our ‘secret chapel, and go up on our roof (weather permitting) which has 360 degrees of London*.
Tours last approximately 40 minutes.
Booking is essential and tour sizes will be limited to 8.
* Please note that our roof is only accessible via spiral staircase with 24 steps.
Please email email@example.com to let us know if you have any additional access needs and we will plan the tour route accordingly. | <urn:uuid:1e7989c1-caad-4d94-bf20-8be3f399a54d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oxfordhouse.org.uk/event/oxford-house-building-tour-victorian-archives-ghandis-visit-and-a-secret-chapel-1-december-2021-12pm/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.929788 | 364 | 1.546875 | 2 |
What is an Ebike? To place it short, an Ebike is a hybrid lorry that was initially made as a bicycle with both an electrical motor and also a battery. They resemble hybrid vehicles however have the advantage of not using both gas as well as electrical energy when they remain in activity. Instead they use their very own source of power, which can either be a battery or a gasoline engine. Although Ebikes have been around for quite a while, they are ending up being much more preferred in recent years as more individuals are recognizing the benefits they use.
The reason even more people are choosing to make use of e-bikes is because they’re quiet, they’re very easy to maneuver, and they’re reasonably low-cost. Most e-bikes evaluate under 3 pounds, which makes them a lot easier to handle than a traditional bicycle. If you want to ride your bike, you just band it to your handlebars. You do not have to stress over changing it as you would with a standard bike.
One thing you might ask is “What’s an ebike?” An ebike is also called an electric bike, recumbent bike, or simply a bike. E-bikes are distinguished by their handlebars as well as their pedals. Whereas traditional bikes have pedals, an ebike has no pedals. Ebike Speed Restriction
Ebikes are not only considered to be a kind of bicycle, yet likewise a method of transportation. Many Ebikes operate on power, so they can be utilized as a way of transportation. This is most often made use of by those that have a great deal of trouble rising from a seated setting. Others make use of e-bikes as a means of exercising, since a lot of them have the ability to utilize their pedals in case of an emergency situation.
Ebikes have actually come a long way for many years. There was a time when bikes were nothing greater than straightforward, average bikes with expensive names. Today, electrical bikes have undergone a full remodeling, becoming what lots of people would take into consideration to be a full-fledged bike. The very first e-bikes were not very reliable, yet points have altered significantly over the years. Today’s ebike is as efficient as any other motorbike available, and also the majority of are exceptionally smooth and contemporary in style.
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Hi! I’m Tom, and I’m a PhD student at the University of Nottingham, doing some research to try to understand how spiral galaxies have grown and changed over their lifetimes. I’m especially interested in looking at how the spiral arms have been affecting the galaxy as a whole. I’ve recently finished up a paper in MNRAS in which I’ve been demonstrating a couple of new methods using some Galaxy Zoo data.
Amelia has already written [ https://blog.galaxyzoo.org/2018/07/17/finding-bars-in-galaxy-zoo-3d/ ] about how she is using the MaNGA survey [ https://www.sdss.org/surveys/manga/ ] to try to understand what’s happening in bars, so I won’t go into too much detail about this fantastic survey. I’ll just say that it’s part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and for each of its sample of 10,000 galaxies, we have measurements of the spectrum at every position across the face of the galaxy.
MaNGA is really useful for trying to understand how galaxies have grown to their current size, because it is possible to get some sort of estimation of what kinds of stars are present in different locations of the galaxy. It’s a difficult thing to measure, so we can’t say exactly how many of every different type of star is present, but we can at least get a broad picture of the kinds of stellar ages and chemical enrichment (“metallicity”) in the stars. Astronomers have used these kinds of tools to measure the average age or metallicity of stars in different parts of galaxies, and found that in most spirals, the further out you go in the galaxy, the younger the stars are on average. The usual interpretation of this is that bulges tend to have formed first, and the disks have grown in size over time afterwards.
I’m really interested in trying to push this picture in two ways. Firstly, I’ve been trying to see what we can learn from looking at the general distribution of stars of different ages and metallicities – not just the average properties – at each location in the galaxy. Secondly, I think there is a lot of information that we risk ignoring by only looking at how things change with galactic radius. Spiral arms and the bar aren’t evenly distributed around the galaxy, so if we can see how the stellar properties change as we move around the galaxy, we should be able to measure what effect the spiral arms and bars have on the stars. The goal would be to try to confirm whether the most popular models of the nature of spiral arms and bars are correct or not.
To properly do this, we need to know exactly where the spiral arms and bars are in the MaNGA galaxies, so that we can see how the stars vary in these different regions. Enter Galaxy Zoo: 3D, where volunteers are asked to tell us where the different components are.
All of this is what my most recent publication is about (read it in full at https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2204); we’ve shown that by combining the full spatial information available from MaNGA (augmented by Galaxy Zoo:3D) with the full distributions of the ages and metallicities of stars in each location, we can start to see some interesting things in the bar and spiral arms. It’s definitely best illustrated by an animation.
By splitting the age distributions up into different “time-slices”, we can create images of where stars of different ages are located in each of our MaNGA galaxies. Immediately from this one example, it’s obvious that there’s a lot of things going on here.
There are a few features in the animation that we’re not entirely convinced are real, but the main exciting things are that the spiral arms only show up in the youngest stars, and the bar grows and rotates as we move from older to younger stars. The growth of the bar is intriguing; this might be showing us how it formed. The bar changing with angle is even more exciting, and we think it shows us how quickly new-born stars become mixed and “locked” into the bar. The arms show what we should expect; spiral arms are areas of intense star formation, but over time the stars formed there will become mixed around the disk. We measured this effect by looking at what fraction of stars of each age are located in the volunteer-drawn spiral arms from Galaxy Zoo:3D.
This is really interesting, and highlights the power of combining large surveys like MaNGA with crowd-sourced information from the Zooniverse.
The next step is to do these kinds of things with more than just this one galaxy though. I’ve started looking at how these techniques can measure how fast the disks of spiral galaxies grew, using a large sample of spiral galaxies identified by Galaxy Zoo 2 volunteers. I’m also trying to measure how quickly stars get mixed away from spiral arms in different types of spiral galaxies. I have started to find some hints of some exciting results on both of these topics, which I would love to share in a future blog post if you’re interested.
However, I’m currently limited in the number of galaxies with spiral arm regions identified by Galaxy Zoo:3D volunteers, so it would be really helpful if we could get some more! Understanding what makes spiral structure appear in disky galaxies is one of the unsolved problems in galaxy evolution and formation, and the clues to finding out might well lie in measuring how spiral arms affect the galaxy’s stars. Galaxy Zoo:3D will definitely be able to play a role in this! Help us out at https://www.zooniverse.org/projects/klmasters/galaxy-zoo-3d.
Alongside the new workflow that Galaxy Zoo has just launched (read more in this blog post: https://wp.me/p2mbJY-2tJ), we’re taking the opportunity to work once again with researchers from Ben Gurion University and Microsoft Research to run an experiment which looks at how we can communicate with volunteers. As part of this experiment volunteers classifying galaxies on the new workflow may see short messages about the new machine learning elements. Anyone seeing these messages will be given the option to withdraw from the experiment’; just select the ‘opt out’ button to avoid seeing any further messages.
After the experiment is finished we will publish a debrief blog here describing more of the details and presenting our results.
This messaging experiment has ethics approval from Ben Gurion University (reference: SISE-2019-01) and the University of Oxford (reference: R63818/RE001).
Since I joined the team in 2018, citizen scientists like you have given us over 2 million classifications for 50,000 galaxies. We rely on these classifications for our research: from spiral arm winding, to merging galaxies, to star formation – and that’s just in the last month!
We want to get as much science as possible out of every single click. Your time is valuable and we have an almost unlimited pile of galaxies to classify. To do this, we’ve spent the past year designing a system to prioritise which galaxies you see on the site – which you can choose to access via the ‘Enhanced’ workflow.
This workflow depends on a new automated galaxy classifier using machine learning – an AI, if you like. Our AI is good at classifying boring, easy galaxies very fast. You are a much better classifier, able to make sense of the most difficult galaxies and even make new discoveries like Voorwerpen, but unfortunately need to eat and sleep and so on. Our idea is to have you and the AI work together.
The AI can guess which challenging galaxies, if classified by you, would best help it to learn. Each morning, we upload around 100 of these extra-helpful galaxies. The next day, we collect the classifications and use them to teach our AI. Thanks to your classifications, our AI should improve over time. We also upload thousands of random galaxies and show each to 3 humans, to check our AI is working and to keep an eye out for anything exciting.
With this approach, we combine human skill with AI speed to classify far more galaxies and do better science. For each new survey:
- 40 humans classify the most challenging and helpful galaxies
- Each galaxy is seen by 3 humans
- The AI learns to predict well on all the simple galaxies not yet classified
What does this mean in practice? Those choosing the ‘Enhanced’ workflow will see somewhat fewer simple galaxies (like the ones on the right), and somewhat more galaxies which are diverse, interesting and unusual (like the ones on the left). You will still see both interesting and simple galaxies, and still see every galaxy if you make enough classifications.
With our new system, you’ll see somewhat more galaxies like the ones on the left, and somewhat fewer like the ones on the right.
We would love for you to join in with our upgrade, because it helps us do more science. But if you like Galaxy Zoo just the way it is, no problem – we’ve made a copy (the ‘Classic’ workflow) that still shows random galaxies, just as we always have. If you’d like to know more, check out this post for more detail or read our paper. Separately, we’re also experimenting with sending short messages – check out this post to learn more.
Myself and the Galaxy Zoo team are really excited to see what you’ll discover. Let’s get started.
The Universe is pretty huge, and to understand it we need to collect vast amounts of data. The Hubble Telescope is just one of many telescopes collecting data from the Universe. Hubble alone produces 17.5 GB of raw science data each week. That means since its launch to low earth orbit in April 1990, it’s collected roughly a block of data equivalent in size to 6 million mp3 songs! With the launch of NASA’s James Webb Telescope just around the corner – (a tennis court sized space telescope!), the amount of raw data we can collect from the Universe is going to escalate dramatically. In order to decipher what this data is telling us about the Universe we need to use sophisticated statistical techniques. In this post I want to talk a bit about a particular technique I’ve been using called a Markov-Chain-Monte-Carlo (MCMC) simulation to learn about galaxy evolution.
Before we dive in into the statistics let me try and explain what I’m trying to figure out. We can model galaxy evolution by looking at a galaxy’s star formation rate (SFR) over time. Basically we want know to how fast a particular galaxy is making stars at any given time. Typically, a galaxy has an initial constant high SFR then at a time called t quench (tq) it’s SFR decreases exponentially which is characterised by a number called tau. Small tau means the galaxy stops forming stars, or is quenched, more rapidly. So overall for each galaxy we need to determine two numbers tq and tau to figure out how it evolved. Figure 1 shows what this model looks like.
Figure 1: Model of a single galaxy’s SFR over time. Showing an initial high constant SFR, follow by a exponential quench at tq.
To calculate these two numbers, tq and tau, we look at the colour of the galaxy, specifically the UVJ colour I mentioned in my last post. We then compare this to a predicted colour of a galaxy for a specific value of tq and tau. The problem is that there are many different combinations of tq and tau, how to we find the best match for a galaxy? We use a MCMC simulation to do this.
The first MC – Markov-Chain – just means an efficient random walk. We send “walkers” to have a look around for a good tq and tau, but the direction we send them to walk at each step depends on how good the tq and tau they are currently at is. The upshot of this is we quickly home in on a good value of tq and tau. The second MC – Monte Carlo – just picks out random values of tq and tau and tests how good they are by comparing the UVJ colours and our SFR model. Figure 2 shows a gif of a MCMC simulation of a single galaxy. The histograms shows the positions of the walkers searching the tq and tau space, and the blue crosshair shows the best fit value of tq and tau at every step. You can see the walkers homing in and settling down on the best value of tq and tau. I ran this simulation by running a modified version of the starpy code.
Figure 2: MCMC simulation for a single galaxy, pictured in the top right corner. Main plot shows density of walkers. Marginal histograms show 1D projections of walker densities. Blue crosshair shows best fit values of tq and tau at each step.
The maths that underpins this simulation is called Bayesian Statistics, and it’s quite a novel way of thinking about parameters and data. The main difference is that instead of treating unknown parameters as fixed quantities with associated error, they are treated as random variables described by probability distributions. It’s quite a powerful way of looking at the Universe! I’ve left all of the gory maths detail about MCMC out but if you’re interested an article by a DPhil student here at Oxford does are really good job of explaining it here.
So how does this all relate to galaxy morphology, and Galaxy Zoo classifications? I’m currently running the MCMC simulation showing in Figure 2 over the all the galaxies in the COSMOS survey. This is really cool because apart from getting to play with the University of Oxford’s super computer (544 cores!), I can use galaxy zoo morphology to see if the SFR of a galaxy over time is dependent on the galaxy’s shape, and overall learn what the vast amount of data I have says about galaxy evolution.
Some colleagues and I successfully proposed for a symposium on citizen science at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in San Jose, CA in February 2015. (The AAAS is one of the world’s largest scientific societies and is the publisher of the Science journal.) Our session will be titled “Citizen Science from the Zooniverse: Cutting-Edge Research with 1 Million Scientists.” It refers to the more than one million volunteers participating in a variety of citizen science projects. This milestone was reached in February, and the Guardian and other news outlets reported on it.
The Zooniverse began with Galaxy Zoo, which recently celebrated its seventh anniversary. Of course, Galaxy Zoo has been very successful, and it led to the development of a variety of citizen science projects coordinated by the Zooniverse in diverse fields such as biology, zoology, climate science, medicine, and astronomy. For example, projects include: Snapshot Serengeti, where people classify different animals caught in millions of camera trap images; Cell Slider, where they classify images of cancerous and ordinary cells and contribute to cancer research; Old Weather, where participants transcribe weather data from log books of Arctic exploration and research ships at sea between 1850 and 1950, thus contributing to climate model projections; and Whale FM, where they categorize the recorded sounds made by killer and pilot whales. And of course, in addition to Galaxy Zoo, there are numerous astronomy-related projects, such as Disk Detective, Planet Hunters, the Milky Way Project, and Space Warps.
We haven’t confirmed all of the speakers for our AAAS session yet, but we plan to have six speakers who will introduce and present results from the Zooniverse, Galaxy Zoo, Snapshot Serengeti, Old Weather, Cell Slider, and Space Warps. I’m sure it will be exciting and we’re all looking forward to it!
I’ve used some statistical tools to analyze the spatial distribution of Galaxy Zoo galaxies and to see whether we find galaxies with particular classifications in more dense environments or less dense ones. By “environment” I’m referring to the kinds of regions that these galaxies tend to be found: for example, galaxies in dense environments are usually strongly clustered in groups and clusters of many galaxies. In particular, I’ve used what we call “marked correlation functions,” which I’ve found are very sensitive statistics for identifying and quantifying trends between objects and their environments. This is also important from the perspective of models, since we think that massive clumps of dark matter are in the same regions as massive galaxy groups.
We’ve mainly used them in two papers, where we analyzed the environmental dependence of morphology and color and where we analyzed the environmental dependence of barred galaxies. These papers have been described a bit in this post andthis post. We’ve also had other Galaxy Zoo papers about similar subjects, especially this paper by Steven Bamford and this one by Kevin Casteels.
What I loved about these projects is that we obtained impressive results that nobody else had seen before, and it’s all thanks to the many many classifications that the citizen scientists have contributed. These statistics are useful only when one has large catalogs, and that’s exactly what we had in Galaxy Zoo 1 and 2. We have catalogs with visual classifications and type likelihoods that are ten times as large as ones other astronomers have used.
What are these “marked correlation functions”, you ask? Traditional correlation functions tell us about how objects are clustered relative to random clustering, and we usually write this as 1+ ξ. But we have lots of information about these galaxies, more than just their spatial positions. So we can weight the galaxies by a particular property, such as the elliptical galaxy likelihood, and then measure the clustering signal. We usually write this as 1+W. Then the ratio of (1+W)/(1+ξ), which is the marked correlation function M(r), tells us whether galaxies with high values of the weight are more dense or less dense environments on average. And if 1+W=1+ξ, or in other words M=1, then the weight is not correlated with the environment at all.
First, I’ll show you one of our main results from that paper using Galaxy Zoo 1 data. The upper panel shows the clustering of galaxies in the sample we selected, and it’s a function of projected galaxy separation (rp). This is something other people have measured before, and we already knew that galaxies are clustered more than random clustering. But then we weighted the galaxies by the GZ elliptical likelihood (based on the fraction of classifiers identifying the galaxies as ellipticals) and then took the (1+W)/(1+ξ) ratio, which is M(rp), and that’s shown by the red squares in the lower panel. When we use the spiral likelihoods, the blue squares are the result. This means that elliptical galaxies tend to be found in dense environments, since they have a M(rp) ratio that’s greater than 1, and spiral galaxies are in less dense environments than average. When I first ran these measurements, I expected kind of noisy results, but the measurements are very precise and they far exceeded my expectations. Without many visual classifications of every galaxy, this wouldn’t be possible.
Second, using Galaxy Zoo 2 data, we measured the clustering of disc galaxies, and that’s shown in the upper panel of the plot above. Then we weighted the galaxies by their bar likelihoods (based on the fractions of people who classified them as having a stellar bar) and measured the same statistic as before. The result is shown in the lower panel, and it shows that barred disc galaxies tend to be found in denser environments than average disc galaxies! This is a completely new result and had never been seen before. Astronomers had not detected this signal before mainly because their samples were too small, but we were able to do better with the classifications provided by Zooites. We argued that barred galaxies often reside in galaxy groups and that a minor merger or interaction with a neighboring galaxy can trigger disc instabilities that produce bars.
What kinds of science shall we use these great datasets and statistics for next? My next priority with Galaxy Zoo is to develop dark matter halo models of the environmental dependence of galaxy morphology. Our measurements are definitely good enough to tell us how spiral and elliptical morphologies are related to the masses of the dark matter haloes that host the galaxies, and these relations would be an excellent and new way to test models and simulations of galaxy formation. And I’m sure there are many other exciting things we can do too.
Galaxy Zoo started in 2007 because astronomers had 1,000,000 galaxies that needed to be sorted, classified, and examined. After the incredible response from the public, the zookeepers realized that this kind of problem wasn’t limited to galaxies, nor even just to astronomy, and the Zooniverse was born.
Now, seven actual years, close to 30 projects, more than 60 publications, and hundreds of years’ worth of human effort later, the Zooniverse has just registered its 1,000,000th volunteer. Given that Galaxy Zoo was the project that led to the creation of the Zooniverse, it seems fitting that its millionth citizen scientist joined to classify galaxies! That volunteer (whose identity we won’t divulge unless s/he gives us permission) joins over 400,000 others who have classified galaxies near and far. That number is 40% of the Zooniverse’s overall total — meaning that, while Galaxy Zoo has a large and vibrant community of volunteers and scientists, most people who join Zooniverse start off contributing to a different project. Many of them try other projects after their first: over on the Zooniverse blog Rob described the additions we’ve made to the Zooniverse Home area so that everyone who brought us to a million can see their own contribution “fingerprint” on the Zooniverse. Here’s what mine currently looks like:
Our millionth volunteer gets a cheesy prize (but hopefully useful: a Zooniverse tote bag and mug), and while we’d like to give that same prize to the 999,999 who came before him/her and to everyone who contributes to Galaxy Zoo and all Zooniverse projects, perhaps it’s more fitting that we say to everyone what’s really on our mind right now:
What follows is a press release from Academia Sinica’s Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics, regarding the new Mandarin Galaxy Zoo. Below is some context for English speakers and regular Galaxy Zoo users.
從”Galaxy Zoo”到「星系動物園」，天文所推廣組表示，「兩年前就想過要做」的這個計畫，今年8月，一經天文所博士後研究Meg Schwamb再次提議，立刻獲得響應，網站中文化水到渠成，也讓台灣在全球天文學界再博得一次「亞洲第一」的小獎勵（註：目前該網站只有英文版和西語版）。推廣組表示，由於星系資料持續新增，分類員在圖像庫中撈到某個從未曾被人見過的星系，或「全球第一人」這樣的說法，確實所言不虛。
來自英國的Galaxy Zoo計畫主持人Chris Lintott表示，在網民科學網站傘狀計畫下的項目還有很多，天文類的譬如行星獵人(Planet Hunters)和火星氣候(Planet Four)。這些都必須靠各位地球人以好眼力來熱情相挺，電腦可幫不上忙。為什麼呢？歡迎上網一探究竟：http://www.galaxyzoo.org/?lang=zh
Last weekend, led by Dr. Meg Schwamb (who is part of the Planet Hunters and Planet Four teams), a team of Taiwanese astronomers helped introduced a Chinese (Mandarin) version a Galaxy Zoo to the public on the Open House Day of Academia Sinica, the highest academic institution in Taiwan.
A big crowd of enthusiastic students and parents, attracted by the long queue itself, visited the ‘Citizen Science: Galaxy Zoo’ booth to try the project hands-on by doing galaxy classifications. They were excited to participate in scientific research and enjoyed it very much.
“Amazing! In just two minutes, we have helped astronomer doing their research, it’s so cool! Also, we learn new astronomical facts we never knew before. It’s a good show.”
The Education Public Outreach team of Academia Sinica’s Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics (a.k.a. “ASIAA”), has helped translated Galaxy Zoo from English to Chinese (Mandarin). The main translator, Lauren Huang said, “we were keen to do a localized version for Galaxy Zoo since 2010, so when Meg brought up this nice idea again, we acted upon it at once.” In less than six weeks, it was done. The other translator, Chun-Hui, Yang, who contributed to the translation, said that she likes the website’s sleek design very much. “I think the honor is ours, to take part in such a well-designed global team work!” Lauren said.
Talking about the translation process process, Lauren provided an anecdote that she thought about giving “zoo” a very local name, such as “Daguanyuan” (“Grand View Garden”), a term with authentic Chinese cultural flavour, and is from classic Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber. She said, “because, my personal experience in browsing the Galaxy Zoo website has been very much just like the character Ganny Liu in the classics novel. Imagine, if one flew into the virtual image database of the universe, which contains all sorts of hidden treasures waiting to be explored, what a privilege, and how little we can offer, to help on such a grandeur design?” However, the zoo is still translated as “Dungwuyuan”, literally, just as “zoo “. Because that’s what some Chinese bloggers have already accustomed to, creating a different term might just be too confusing.
You can check out the Traditional Character Chinese (Mandarin) version of Galaxy Zoo at http://www.galaxyzoo.org/?lang=zh
Now that we’ve been initiated into the cool waters of Tools (Part 1), we’ve compared our *own* galaxies to the rest of the post-quenched sample (Part 2), and we’ve put your classifications to use, looking for what makes post-quench galaxies special compared to the rest of the riff-raff (Part 3), we’re ready for Part 4 of the Quench ‘How-To-Guide’.
This segment is inspired by a post on Quench Talk in response to Part 3 of this guide. One of our esteemed zoo-ite mods noted:
There are more Quench Sample mergers (505) than Control mergers (245)… It seems to suggest mergers have a role to play in quenching star formation as well.
Whoa! That’s a statistically significant difference and will be a really cool result if it holds up under further investigation!
I’ve been thinking about this potential result in the context of the Kaviraj article, summarized by Michael Zevin at http://postquench.blogspot.com/. The articles finds evidence that massive post-quenched galaxies appear to require different quenching mechanisms than lower-mass post-quenched galaxies. I wondered — can our data speak to their result?
Let’s find out!
Step 1: Copy this Dashboard to your Quench Tools environment, as you did in Part 3 of this guide.
- This starter Dashboard provides a series of tables that have filtered the Control sample data into sources showing merger signatures and those that do not, as well as sources in low, mid, and high mass bins.
- Mass, in this case, refers to the total stellar mass of each galaxy. You can see what limits I set for each mass bin by looking at the filter statements under the ‘Prompt’ in each Table.
Step 2: Compare the mass histogram for the Control galaxies with merger signatures with the mass histogram for the total sample of Control galaxies.
- Click ‘Tools’ and choose ‘Histogram’ in the pop-up options.
- Choose ‘Control’ as the ‘Data Source’.
- Choose ‘log_mass’ as the x-axis, and limit the range from 6 to 12.
- Repeat the above, but choose ‘Control – Merging’ as the ‘Data Source’.
The result will look similar to the figure below. Can you tell by eye if there’s a trend with mass in terms of the fraction of Control galaxies with merger signatures?
It’s subtle to see it in this visualization. Instead, let’s look at the fractions themselves.
Step 3: Letting the numbers guide us… Is there a higher fraction of Control galaxies with merger signatures at the low-mass end? At the high-mass end? Neither?
To answer this question, we need to know, for each mass bin, the fraction of Control galaxies that show merger signatures. I.e.,
Luckily, Tools can give us this information.
- Click on the ‘Control – Low Mass’ Table and scroll to its lower right.
- You’ll see the words ‘1527 Total Items’.
- There are 1527 Control galaxies in the low mass bin.
- Similarly, if you look in the lower right of the ‘Control – Merging – Low Mass’ Table, you’ll see that there are 131 galaxies in this category.
- This means that the merger fraction for the low mass bin is 131/1527 or 8.6%.
- Find the fraction for the middle and high mass bins.
Does the fraction increase or decrease with mass?
Step 4: Repeat the above steps but for the post-quenched galaxy sample.
You may want to open a new Dashboard to keep your window from getting too cluttered.
Step 5: How do the results compare for our post-quenched galaxies versus our Control galaxies? How can we best visualize these results?
- In thinking about the answer to this question, you might want to make a plot of mass (on the x-axis) versus merger fraction (on the y-axis) for the Control galaxies.
- On that same graph, you’d also show the results for the post-quenched galaxies.
- To determine what mass value to use, consider taking the median mass value for each mass bin.
- Determine this by clicking on ‘Tools’, choosing ‘Statistics’ in the pop-up options, selecting ‘Control – Low Mass’ as your ‘Data Source’, and selecting ‘Log Mass’ as the ‘Field’.
- This ‘Statistics’ Tool gives you the mean, median, mode, and other values.
- You could plot the results with pen on paper, use Google spreadsheets, or whatever plotting software you prefer. Unfortunately Tools, at this point, doesn’t provide this functionality.
It’d be awesome if you posted an image of your results here or at Quench Talk. We can then compare results, identify the best way to visualize this for the article, and build on what we’ve found.
You might also consider repeating the above but testing for the effect of choosing different, wider, or narrower mass bins. Does that change the results? It’d be really useful to know if it does.
Just a quick note to let you know that there’s a very nice story about Galaxy Zoo, it’s beginnings and citizen science in general in the Guardian: http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2012/mar/18/galaxy-zoo-crowdsourcing-citizen-scientists | <urn:uuid:ec884dbf-ca7d-4715-bc14-f50b7e1dd517> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.galaxyzoo.org/tag/citizen-science/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.918522 | 8,079 | 2.546875 | 3 |
The Comoros is a volcanic archipelago off Africa’s east coast, in the warm Indian Ocean waters of the Mozambique Channel. The nation state’s largest island, Grande Comore (Ngazidja) is ringed by beaches and old lava from active Mt. Karthala volcano. Around the port and medina in the capital, Moroni, are carved doors and a white colonnaded mosque, the Ancienne Mosquée du Vendredi, recalling the islands’ Arab heritage.
5 Places To Visit In Comoros
1. Mount Karthala
What can be more intriguing than visiting the site of an active volcano, and one of the largest (7,746 ft) at that! It lies at the southern part of Ngazidja Island. Mt. Karthala, at Moroni the capital city of Comoros, houses the active volcano and hiking upto it to see the same, can be an enriching experience. The mountain here is also popular for some exquisite bird-watching.
This place is a favourite when it comes to biodiversity and natural ecosystems. Moheli amongst all the islands is renowned for its diverse wildlife. One can spot turtles at the beaches here, amongst other endemic bird species. Parc Marin de Mohéli, is a protected area and is home to a variety of animals, reptiles alike. Itsamia, a village in Moheli, a sea turtle nesting site, attracts tourists over different parts of the world. At this forest one can get to see, the iconic largest fruit-bat in the world.
3. Lac Sale
On a first look at the site of Lac Sale, Grande Comoros, one might think it’s as good as a crater. It is. The place is often called a holy place. This site is popular for its natural, hot sulphuric springs.
The capital city of Comoros, this city is the Swahili town of Comoros. The city houses all the important places, like the government buildings etc. the old Friday mosque, or the Badjanani Mosque is worthy of mention, since it attracts tourists from all over to this holy place of worship for its intricate stone architecture. The city is ancient and vintage, and reflects well of its past.
This island is also called the island of the French, as its influence can be well noticed in the architecture. The unique selling point of this island are the white sandy clear beaches and scuba diving. Scuba diving can be a viable option at Mayotte, since all scuba divers can experience an array of aquatic wildlife underwater and bright coral reefs which make the diving experience memorable.
Read more: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros | <urn:uuid:a43de1f0-13bb-4ee9-b728-3c615ee26a6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theafricaculture.com/comoros/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.90718 | 585 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Rabin's assassination - a chronicle of operational failures
A lecture dealing with the dramatic event of Rabin's assassination from a security perspective.
How did the murderer Yigal Amir manage to overcome all the security circles and assassinate the number 1 secured personnel of the ISA's Personal Security Unit?
Who is the unknown person in the swimsuit who was present at the scene of the murder and even suspected Yigal Amir?
Was there any preliminary information about the intention of the murder?
Answers to all these questions and more will be given in a lecture in which testimonials, pictures and voices that are not known to the public and which shed light on the chain of events will be revealed. Sharing the events on the night of 4/11/1995 - minute by minute until the murder itself.
The lecture is of 70 min and is accompanied by a presentation.
Ehud Gol served six years as an officer in the IDF, and after his army service joined the ISA ("Shabak").
After a career of over twenty years, he retired and in recent years has been lecturing in the fields of society and security.
Since his retirement, he has been researching and giving lectures on Rabin's assassination. During the preparation of the lecture, Ehud discovered archive materials unknown to the public and which were used by the Shamgar Commission that investigated the murder.
Ehud is married + 3 and lives in a moshav in the Sharon area, Israel. | <urn:uuid:4631314f-96a4-42d3-a363-64bf1a7abfba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.spylegends.com/team/Ehud-Gol | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.966827 | 318 | 1.679688 | 2 |
A new city law targeting the roughly 175 homeless people camped in front of Santa Ana City Hall is scheduled to go into effect in December, after winning unanimous approval from the City Council.
City officials say the measure – which bans any enclosed spaces, along with food and medical services without prior city permission – is necessary to protect public health and safety, including city workers, people visiting government buildings in the Civic Center, and homeless people themselves.
But advocates for homeless people, including several attorneys, say it’s unconstitutional and cruel.
The new law “jeopardizes the lives of the homeless residents of this city,” said homeless advocate Jeanine Robbins during the Oct. 17 council meeting, where the law was approved.
“To deprive the poorest residents of shelter – and I’m talking about things such as tents and tarps – when there is no formal shelter, much less housing space, available, is both horrific and unconstitutional. How dare you try to deny the rights of nonprofits and the faith based groups to serve the homeless residents with food, clothing, and shelter?”
The new ordinance makes it illegal for people to create “enclosed spaces” with any type of “upright structure or materials” – except when it’s raining – and bans the placement of any items the city considers to be obstructing the “general right-of-way.”
Additionally, it makes it illegal to provide any “organized food, medical or social services” in the Civic Center without first getting a permit from the city.
Those accused of violating the ordinance can be prosecuted either with infractions or misdemeanor charges. A misdemeanor conviction can carry up to six months in jail, a $1,000 fine, or both. The new law is scheduled to go into effect Dec. 8.
The proposed crackdown comes as at least 175 homeless people are estimated to live in the Civic Center, mainly concentrated just outside City Hall in a usually-vacant concrete area known as the Plaza of the Flags. At the same time, the county’s two homeless shelters are usually full or nearly full.
Large numbers of homeless people have camped at the Civic Center for years, but the county has closed off its side of the Santa Ana Civic Center for construction, effectively pushing the homeless population that had been living there over to the city and Superior Court’s side of the Civic Center.
City Attorney Sonia Carvalho said her office, which prosecutes violations of city law, will not enforce its tent ban against people who are in their tent at night and complying with police rules to make sure the area is clean so the public can access government services during the day.
“If a tent does remain up, however, and it’s filled with items 24 hours a day, and it’s impeding access and it’s interfering with the citizens’ rights to come down here, then we will actually prosecute those citations, and we’ve done so,” Carvalho said at last week’s City Council meeting, where the council gave final approval to the new law.
The proposed ban drew 71 public speakers who addressed the City Council for nearly two hours before the Oct. 17 vote. There were 58 speakers against the new bans and 13 people in favor of them.
Carvalho defended the legality of the ordinance, emphasizing it doesn’t ban homeless people, but rather is aimed at addressing “filthy and dangerous conditions that exist in the Civic Center today.”
“In our opinion, it is not unconstitutional to require permits. Cities across the United States require them. We are not prohibiting these services,” Carvalho said of the service providers.
“We are not asking these religious groups to stop doing what they do,” but simply creating regulations that ensure public health and safety, she said.
As for enforcing the city’s ban on tents at the Civic Center, Carvalho said the city can ticket people for erecting tents and sleeping in them, but is not doing that at night.
In addition to the new ban, the city plans to clear-out the Civic Center, where at least 175 homeless people live, for a “thorough cleaning,” according to city spokeswoman Alma Flores.
City officials say they will offer to store people’s personal belongings, and after the cleaning, people will be allowed back in, but not with items prohibited under the ordinance.
That cleaning is scheduled for “as close to” December 8 as possible, “assuming we have met all the obligations” to people living in the Civic Center, wrote Interim City Manager Cynthia Kurtz in an emailed response to questions.
“We will let people know that they have to move for the cleaning, we will offer to store any personal items they have or take any items they no longer wish to keep, and we will store those items they wish to keep,” Kurtz wrote.
“Things that we will do that aren’t required include offering services to assist them to transition into a different living environment and offer free transportation to pick up any items that we are storing at the city yards.”
Supporters of the ordinance said the regulations were reasonable to protect public health when children are being put at risk by sharp needles left by homeless people at the city’s public library.
“This ordinance is not about taking away rights from the homeless,” said Mike Lopez, president of the city’s general employees union, Service Employees International Union Local 721.
“This ordinance is about trying to establish, once again, safety and health for all. To vote against this would be discriminating against everybody.”
Opponents suggested the ordinance would be used to harass homeless people and violates their rights.
“The fact remains that without narrowly defined limitations, this ordinance is susceptible to abuse by those who are enforcing it. This ordinance can be used to harass and violate those who live at the civic center, criminalizing them simply for existing,” said Katie Christy, who works with the Sisters of St. Joseph of Orange and the Civic Center homeless population.
“It strips those without shelter of their dignity and violates their basic human rights to privacy and property,” she added, calling the ordinance “inhumane and dangerous to those most vulnerable in our community.”
Opponents also said the council’s action will lead to a lawsuit that will cost public money.
“[The new law] is unconstitutional. It is going to bode poorly for the residents of this city and for the taxpayers that are going to foot the bill for [an] inevitable lawsuit,” said Mohammed Aly, a homeless advocate and lawyer with the Orange County Poverty Alleviation Coalition.
City Council members said Santa Ana has done far more than any other Orange County city to provide services and housing for homeless people, and urged other cities to do more to address homelessness.
“For many many decades this has been the problem that we’ve shouldered alone,” said Councilman Vicente Sarmiento. “For years it’s been our problem, and nobody’s wanted to help.”
A previous version of the ordinance banned all animals that aren’t service dogs, but the final version allows up to three animals, in addition to service dogs.
Mayor Miguel Pulido, who supported the ordinance, publicly asked several speakers who opposed the proposal, to provide their addresses before commenting.
Later, as speakers approached the microphone to comment, Pulido made a point of reading aloud the city where the speaker was from. He criticized homeless advocates who live outside the city and work with the Civic Center homeless population for their comments.
“All these folks that come in from out of town, from other cities, and they tell us that we’re not doing enough [and] what we need to do – you go back and you look at what those cities are doing, and they’re not even beginning to scratch the surface,” Pulido said.
Nick Gerda covers county government and Santa Ana for Voice of OC. You can contact him at email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:b8cf4625-5551-4c19-8341-cfb5a5de4fce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://voiceofoc.org/2017/10/santa-ana-to-crack-down-on-civic-center-homeless-camp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.962257 | 1,720 | 2.03125 | 2 |
A conventional stay within a treatment center for substance or alcohol treatment is thirty days. While not everyone can steer the stormy oceans of recovery within the identical amount of time, several facilities will offer a lengthy plan. These programs are frequently suggested for anyone who has tried out a 30 day program in prior times and relapsed into substance as well as alcohol consumption. Many will enter a ninety day program mainly because of the harshness of their dependence.
A 90 day program first is focused on a detoxification program to help you have the addict fully over actual physical addiction to the actual substance or alcohol. This could take many days and nights or even just weeks. The second piece of the therapy concentrates on understanding the reason why the addict engaged in the practice and studying strategies for coping with the triggers in life that lead to him or her to go to alcohol and drugs. The closing part centers on getting the addict back into his everyday life, obtaining gainful work and also handling the outside world without any alcohol and drugs. | <urn:uuid:d354d6f7-e10a-4edc-8550-d8373c65cf4e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.addictionhelpanswers.com/90-day-rehab/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.960902 | 203 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Regenerative medicine company 3DBio Therapeutics and the Microtia-Congenital Ear Deformity Institute have successfully completed a human ear reconstruction using the former’s novel 3D printed AuriNovo living tissue implant for the first time.
The first-in-human Phase 1/2a clinical trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of AuriNovo for patients with microtia, a rare congenital deformity where one or both outer ears are absent or underdeveloped. 3DBio’s patient-specific living tissue implant was developed using 3D bioprinting technology to provide a viable treatment alternative to rib cartilage grafts and traditionally-used synthetic materials.
“As a physician who has treated thousands of children with microtia from across the country and around the world, I am inspired by what this technology may mean for microtia patients and their families,” said Arturo Bonilla, a leading pediatric ear reconstructive surgeon who performed the procedure. “This study will allow us to investigate the safety and aesthetic properties of this new procedure for ear reconstruction using the patient’s own cartilage cells.
“My hope is that AuriNovo will one day become the standard-of-care replacing the current surgical methods for ear reconstruction requiring the harvesting of rib cartilage or the use of porous polyethylene (PPE) implants.”
A 3D printed AuriNovo “living” ear for reconstruction in Microtia patients. Photo via 3DBio Therapeutics.
3DBio’s proprietary bioprinting technology
The 3D bioprinting field is seeing continual advances regarding the printing of functional tissues and implants, with the last few months alone seeing the development of bioprinted diabetes treatments, safer biodegrable breast implants, and alternatives to animal testing.
3DBio is a clinical-stage regenerative medicine firm aiming to solve medical challenges with its 3D bioprinted living tissue implants. The firm manufactures its implants via its suite of novel and proprietary bioprinting hardware and materials, including its GMPrint 3D bioprinter, ColVivo bioink, specialized cell culture system, and implantable protective Overshell technology.
AuriNovo is the firm’s first bioprinted product, a patient-specific, supportive living tissue implant designed for surgical reconstruction of the external ear in people born with microtia. Essentially, the implant is a collagen hydrogel scaffold encapsulating a patient’s own auricular cartilage cells that is bioprinted in the exact size and shape to match the patient’s opposite ear.
AuriNovo is currently being evaluated in a Phase 1/2a clinical trial for ear reconstruction in patients, having already been granted Orphan Drug and Rare Pediatric Disease designation by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In fact, 3DBio’s entire proprietary 3D bioprinting platform has been specifically engineered to meet the FDA’s requirements for therapeutic manufacturing.
3DBio Therapeutics’ proprietary 3D bioprinting platform. Image via 3DBio Therapeutics.
Trialing ear reconstruction in humans
According to the American Journal of Medical Genetics, Microtia affects around 1,500 babies born in the US every year. 3DBio’s AuriNovo implant has been designed to offer an alternative treatment for ear reconstruction to traditional methods, which include invasive cartilage grafts and synthetic replacements.
“The AuriNovo implant requires a less invasive surgical procedure than the use of rib cartilage for reconstruction,” said Bonilla. “We also expect it to result in a more flexible ear than reconstruction with a PPE implant. The AuriNovo living tissue implant is designed to provide a better solution for patients born with microtia by transforming their appearance and building their confidence and self-esteem.”
The implant is created by first 3D scanning a patient’s unaffected ear to specifically match the implant’s geometry, before the patient’s own auricular cartilage cells are incorporated into 3DBio’s ColVivo bioink. The full-size, living tissue implant is then 3D bioprinted using the firm’s GMPrint bioprinter in order to replace the patient’s microtia-affected ear.
“This is a truly historic moment for patients with microtia, and more broadly, for the regenerative medicine field as we are beginning to demonstrate the real-world application of next-generation tissue engineering technology,” said 3DBio CEO and Co-founder, Daniel Cohen. “It is the culmination of seven years of our company;s focused efforts to develop a uniquely differentiated technology platform meeting the FDA’s requirements for therapeutic manufacturing of reconstructive implants.”
The Phase 1/2a clinical trial is currently evaluating the safety and efficacy of the AuriNovo implant for use in reconstructive surgeries in humans. The trial will collect assess data that will be measured across a number of mediums, such as overall satisfaction scores from surgical outcomes and questionnaires.
The trial expects to enroll 11 patients and is being conducted in sites across Los Angeles, California, and Texas. The Texas site is home to the Microtia-Congenital Ear Deformity Institue, which has been helping children born with microtia and other ear deformities since 1996.
“We believe that the microtia clinical trial can provide us not only with robust evidence about the value of this innovative product and the positive impact it can have for microtia patients, but also demonstrate the potential for the technology to provide living tissue implants in other therapeutic areas in the future,” Cohen added.
With its first bioprinted implant having completed its first successful reconstructive surgery during the first-in-human clinical trials, 3DBio is looking to widen the scope of its proprietary 3D bioprinting technologies.
“Our initial indications focus on cartilage in the reconstructive and orthopedic fields including treating complex nasal defects and spinal degeneration,” said Cohen.
“We look forward to leveraging our platform to solve other high impact, unmet medical needs like lumpectomy reconstruction and eventually expand to other organs.”
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Featured image shows a 3D printed AuriNovo “living” ear for reconstruction in Microtia patients. Photo via 3DBio Therapeutics. | <urn:uuid:b2316b98-eafc-4dc2-9fc6-881060699b91> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.futurimmediat.net/news/3dbio-conducts-successful-human-ear-reconstruction-with-3d-bioprinted-aurinovo-implant-3d-printing-industry | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.920532 | 1,410 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Nowadays, everyone I meet—friends and colleagues, even strangers at dinner parties—keeps asking me some variation of the same question: “I had this conversation today and it just didn’t work. What do you think I did wrong?”
The headmaster of a school wondering how she could better handle hard conversations with the powerful and wealthy parents of her students. A CEO trying to navigate decisiveness with prudence. A mother in anguish because her daughter’s anorexia has turned the family dinner table into a war zone. A board meeting that went wrong over a single word. A senior member of a police force struggling to talk with her officers about ethics.
Constructive conversation is one of humanity’s first and most powerful tools. Conversations built our first communities and helped emerging civilization progress. Public discourse was the foundation of democracy and has been the underpinning of all aspects of government and governance throughout history. And whatever we may feel about our handheld devices and pinging social media accounts, technological “progress” arose from constructive conversations. Creative collaboration was what put humans on the moon and what still keeps us in the digital ether.
Without intending to, I’ve become a kind of expert in the design of conversations. At the design firm Ideo, where I built an architecture practice, I tackled large-scale, systemic issues, such as income inequality, gun violence, and healthcare, by bringing together diverse stakeholders in conversations that could be incredibly fraught. I’ve learned that when conversations are well designed, they can be more meaningful and effect real change. Here’s how.
Why You Want to Design a Conversation
When we think of those who can make hard conversations happen, we tend to think of professionals with sophisticated, even extreme, tools: facilitators, mediators, psychologists, hostage negotiators. But approaching dialogue as a designer means that you treat dialogue as something that you create, something that you design, not something that you facilitate. It’s tremendously liberating. There are new possibilities, if you can begin to think about how you influence the structure and feel of a conversation by design rather than by pure force of will. It relies not on your interpersonal skills but a different skill set: the ability to spot opportunity and design for it in order to shape outcome and impact.
More important, for many of us these tools allow us to assert creative control over a conversation. Think of creativity as a benevolent power you can exert when conversations start to go astray. The most powerful thing about applying creative constructs to the conversations that you make is that they can help balance power, protect from inequities, and do it in a way that’s built into the very structures that govern the conversations. We can make conversations that feel more equitable without requiring us to police the language or the room.
The Conversations That Matter
The first step is to ask: What are the conversations that matter most? And how do we recognize conversations that really require and can benefit from a creative approach?
The conversations that matter, the ones we want to center on, are a substantive and intentional form of engagement. They typically have three things in common.
First, there is difference. For many of our hardest conversations to make change, there needs to be difference in the room. The people there can’t be all alike or in agreement.
Be careful, though, about what you consider difference to be. Sometimes it’s obvious: It will look like a different generation, a different gender, race, or ethnicity.
But often it will be the people who appear similar that end up having very different perspectives and agendas, and the most disruptive points of difference can be disguised. I’ve been in powerful rooms of all white, affluent European men and women where the difference in politics feels insurmountable. Likewise, I’ve been in the dining room of a self-described ideal family, where the family dinner, every family dinner, becomes a battleground.
Second, it feels difficult. You can gather all kinds of people in a room and have a discussion about what movie they want to see, but that’s not what this kind of conversation is about. If it feels like it’s simple and easy, then it’s probably not the conversation that needs to be designed. Conversations that matter are about grappling with hard issues. These conversations will often be about strategy, political issues, or emotionally charged topics.
Third, something is made, besides conversation. Too often, we experience a kind of “conversation fatigue,” which emerges from the fact that so little seems to come of it. More often than not I hear things like: “We had a great conversation, there was so much agreement and good ideas, but then nothing happened.” This is the greatest risk: that little comes of it. A creative conversation must move us forward. It must help us shift from thinking and talking into the act of doing. Agreement cannot be enough; action is required.
So the purposeful burden that I place on the term conversation is that it must work to resolve differences, explore hard issues, and be aimed toward a positive outcome.
When Conversations Go Bad
We all know that feeling when a conversation is starting to founder. Three of the most common symptoms are:
There’s an evident imbalance in the power dynamics. These may be explicit based on hierarchy or inequality among the people in the room, or implicit where the expertise of a few individuals far exceeds that of the collective. It can be evidenced by a few overpowering voices or the silence of others.
There’s a lack of certainty about purpose. Gathering people to discuss a topic is not the same as making sure people understand what the goals are for that gathering. Without purpose there’s no way to guide a conversation forward. Some may be trying to solve while some are trying to explore, and neither may be the right stance for the conversation.
There’s a collapse into critique. Often this arises from the conditions listed above, where a small subset of participants in a conversation turn from the topic of the conversation to the critique of the conversation itself. It’s the most common and most dispiriting end of a conversation, invalidating it altogether.
There are seven essential components, what I think of as the Seven Cs, of a creative conversation: Commitment, Creative Listening, Clarity, Context, Constraints, Change, and, ultimately, Creation.
Commitment: Most of us go into conversations with only one goal: convincing everyone else we’re right and they’re wrong. And why shouldn’t we? Sticking to our beliefs makes us feel safe and powerful. But creative conversations are very different. They’re about open-ended exploration. Letting go of our own ideas, or at least not holding on to them so tightly. Committing to the conversation itself. Committing to the people we’re in conversation with. It’s always an act of courage and optimism, and it’s just about the hardest thing in the world. So, ask yourself: Am I committed?
Creative listening: Most people aren’t good listeners, and few of us actually enjoy it. We treat it like a chore, nodding along, keeping dutifully silent, waiting for our turn to talk. Truly, listening can be a creative act—generative, satisfying, and pleasurable. With creative listening, we can learn to help people tell us better stories; to test perspectives other than our own; to embrace our own reactions and judgment. When we listen in this way, we are actively searching for the clues for creation.
Clarity: Conversations rely on their most basic element: words. But words are fraught with misunderstanding. There is complex or technical jargon not everyone understands. There are words we use every day that we believe have shared meaning but do not. As a result, so many conversations get lost in the gap between the words we hear and the meaning behind the words someone else is using. But if we begin a conversation by seeking clarity and definition of the words and terms we use, we can build a common language and even uncover common values. The right words unite us and show us our way forward together.
Context: Where you have a conversation has a huge influence on how the conversation goes. The space, literally, sets the script: Some rooms give conversations extra energy and life, some turn dialogue inert. We’ll learn how to choose the spaces for the conversations you want to have. Sometimes this means rearranging an available space or moving to another. Sometimes just a subtle shift in position can have a huge impact on the kinds of conversations that are possible.
Constraints: Every conversation has rules. But too often the rules are unstated, arbitrary, or unfair. As a result, everyone gets frustrated, nothing feels equitable or productive, and the loudest voice ends up dominating, reducing the dialogue to their own monologue. But constraints, as any designer will tell you, can fuel creativity. Rules can set us free. First, we have to reject someone else’s rule book and start designing better constraints for the conversations we want to have and the communities we want to build.
Change: All creative conversations require a moment of change—when a group of individuals becomes a community intent on creation. This moment of collective change is what allows us to imagine moving a conversation forward and inspires the potential for action. The best tools for this can actually be found in some of our oldest and most sacred practices. Familiar and sacred texts, vows and promises that allow us to forge community and authentic connection have always been central to the human experience. They can provide rhythm and thoughtful interruption; they can offer intuitive—if not obvious—paths forward.
Creation: When do we stop talking and just start doing? So many impactful conversations yield remarkable ideas and so many of those ideas never leave that room. Creation is about moving from actionable ideas to just plain action. Creation means getting real about whether the people in the conversation are the ones who can make the ideas real. Creation is about finding the courage to recommit. Creation is about taking that conversation out into the world.
When a conversation seems hard, when it makes you nervous, when you feel at risk or on edge, remember this core lesson: Conversation is always an act of creativity. We don’t have to just be participants in, or victims of, conversations. We can be the makers of the conversations that matter most.
Fred Dust was a senior partner and global managing director at Ideo. This article was adapted with permission from his new book, Making Conversation: Seven Essential Elements of Meaningful Communication (Harper Business, 2020). Buy it here. | <urn:uuid:6c3c835b-a523-48c9-be30-104b71317c2d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fastcompany.com/90580827/the-7-secrets-to-a-great-conversation?partner=rss&utm_source=rss&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=rss+fastcompany&utm_content=rss | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.948729 | 2,235 | 2.125 | 2 |
Playing and swimming in the sea is a great joy but a jellyfish sting can spoil the fun. Jellyfish stings in Ireland are not usually life threatening and just require basic first aid and simple pain relief. Myths – don’t rinse sting site with fresh water, vinegar, alcohol or urine.
All jellyfish possess ‘stingers’ on their tentacles and brushing against the tentacles can cause the release of these stingers which contain venom. Whether the stingers pierce the skin depends on whether they are sharp and long enough depending on the type of jellyfish. The Lion’s Mane and Portuguese Man O’War have stinging cells which are much sharper and can pierce skin easily resulting in a painful sting. Check out the Jellyfish ID Card to learn more about jellyfish.
What to do if you have been stung
1) If helping someone else make sure you don’t get stung yourself.
2) Seek advice from lifeguards if they are on duty.
3) Try to carefully remove any attached tentacles by flushing the sting area with sea water and removing tentacles with gloved hands, clean stick, tweezers, towel or scraping gently with the edge of a credit card.
4) Do not rub the affected area as this may result in further venom release.
5) Rinse the affected area copiously with sea-water (do not rinse with fresh water, vinegar, alcohol or urine).
6) Apply a ‘dry cold pack’ to the area (i.e. place a cold pack or ice inside a plastic bag and then wrap this package in a t-shirt or other piece of cloth).
7) Mild symptoms of pain and swelling can be treated with simple painkillers such as paracetamol and ibuprofen, while mild itching at the sting site may respond to anti-histamine creams.
8) Use HOT WATER for Portuguese Man o’ War stings at approximately 45° Celsius for 20 minutes.
9) Keep any puncture wounds clean and dry to avoid them getting infected and don’t put on a tight bandage.
Seek medical attention if there is anything other than minor discomfort. If the patient is suffering from swelling, breathing difficulties, palpitation or chest tightness then transfer to the nearest emergency department urgently. | <urn:uuid:6e7b8295-f92f-4669-9181-b74e70e4e0a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.beaches.ie/how-to-handle-a-jellyfish-sting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.897535 | 484 | 2.40625 | 2 |
The Japanese American Citizens League (JACL), the nation’s oldest and largest Asian American civil and human rights organization, recently announced the completion of a survey which was funded by a grant from the Annie E. Casey Foundation of Baltimore, Md.
The survey project was undertaken by Dana Nakano, a doctoral candidate at the University of California, Irvine and a former Mike M. Masaoka Fellow for the JACL, along with members of the JACL staff.
This survey is a report of the state in which JACL members find themselves in and it will be helpful in planning for the future of the JACL. Respondents from those within the JACL answered a number of questions regarding the acculturation of Japanese Americans. An insight into the Japanese American experience may be gleaned from the survey results. The publication booklet which was produced on the project is titled “State of the Japanese American Citizens League, A Member Needs Assessment of a National Organization.”
The information gathered from the survey will be beneficial in helping the JACL to progress. It is also expected to be used for collaborative work in policy and community preservation with other Asian American and Pacific Islander communities. ♦
Copies of the survey booklet are available at the headquarters and regional offices of the JACL. Contact information may be found at www.jacl.org. | <urn:uuid:3f9146fd-26f9-46fe-b4c1-69b21573096b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://nwasianweekly.com/2009/08/jacl-announces-completion-of-survey/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.956538 | 283 | 1.890625 | 2 |
18th August 2020 | Buying AdviceWhy You Should Avoid A Fusion DriveApple’s fusion drive is a hybrid drive that offers the best of both worlds, combining flash storage and hard drive storage in one. First announced in 2012, fusion drives are available in select Mac and iMac models. When the fusion drive was first announced they were significantly cheaper than a full SSD device and gave you faster boot time and plenty of storage space. However, the hybrid drive is far from perfect and just like most products, has its drawbacks. In this blog, we will take a closer look at the fusion drive and explain just why it is one to avoid.When it comes to speed there is no beating an SSD, however, when the fusion drive was first introduced SSDs were far more expensive than traditional hard drives. On top of this, the amount of storage capacity that you could get from a hard drive could not be matched by an SSD. Since 2012 though much has changed, and for creatives, in particular, it does not make sense to get a fusion drive device.With a fusion drive, most of your storage is a slow HDD, while the SSD portion of your device is usually 128gb that is mainly used as a cache. This means that although you are supposed to be benefiting from having a faster SSD as well as HDD, the actual storage of your device is mostly carried out by the slower HDD, so you’re not actually getting the true speed benefits that you would expect to be getting from the SSD portion of your device.In addition to this, assets and files used for professional applications can be poorly cached, with a single project being split across both HDD and SSD parts. This slows down the workflow and again you won’t see any speed benefits because of this. A real-world example of this would be running a pro tools session. A fusion drive is unable to decipher what samples you’re going to require at any given time and especially on larger sessions where you’re using a large amount of RAM you would find sporadic playback.It’s been 8 years since the fusion drive was first introduced and a lot has changed in the tech world since then. The tech industry is a rapidly changing industry with new technologies often becoming obsolete within a few years. When Apple first introduced fusion drives to the world, SSDs were incredibly expensive and the storage available on them was very limited. This made the whole concept of a fusion drive pretty attractive (back in the day). However, as the years have gone by SSDs have become cheaper and available with greater capacity. This means that it’s now possible to get a reasonably priced SSD with sufficient storage, and as a result, the fusion drive loses a lot of its initial appeal. For instance, you can pick up a 2.5-inch Samsung SSD and dependant on your appetite for opening up your Mac (or getting a local professional to do it) you can supercharge your mac for easily under £150If you’re in the market for a new device then we strongly advise avoiding any fusion drive models. The benefits that could once be gained from the “best of both worlds” drives are simply no longer needed. When there are plenty of affordable high-speed SSD options these days with significant storage capacities, the modern world no longer needs nor should want a fusion drive. While it was definitely an ingenious solution at the time, the fusion drive is simply now an old solution to a problem that no longer exists. | <urn:uuid:0133f68e-024c-405c-97c3-a9422a751881> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://macfinder.co.uk/blog/why-you-should-avoid-a-fusion-drive/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.974089 | 711 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Head of the National Audit Office Sir John Bourn today reported on the Connexions Service, concluding that it is a radical change in the delivery of advice and guidance to young people and is on target to meeting its major objective of reducing the proportion of 16- to 18-year olds not in education, employment or training by 10 per cent by November 2004. Achieving the 10 per cent target may result in short term economic benefits of £180 million and longer term benefits of over £1.4 billion. The report examines ways in which Connexions is working well and identifies several issues which should be addressed to further improve the service.
The Connexions Service, part of the Department for Education and Skills, was launched nationally on a phased basis in April 2001 with an annual budget of £450 million and is delivered through a network of 47 Connexions Partnerships. It aims to help all young people make informed choices and ease the transition into adult life. The target to reduce the proportion of young people not in education, employment or training by 10 per cent between November 2002 and November 2004 is made more stretching by the fact that Connexions partnerships are actively seeking to identify previously unknown cases of young people who are not in education, employment or training. Connexions has significantly improved the quality of information available. The NAO found that, as of November 2003, the proportion of young people not in education, employment or training had been reduced by eight per cent where the service had been established the longest. Nationally a three per cent reduction had been achieved by this date and the Connexions Partnerships were confident that the 10 per cent target will be achieved by November 2004.
The Connexions Service is well-regarded by its partners and clients. The majority of 16,000 young people surveyed who had been in contact with a personal adviser said that Connexions had a positive impact on their lives, with 68 per cent saying it had helped them make a decision about their future. Ofsted carries out inspections of Connexions partnerships and has rated the quality of service as good. The NAO found that Connexions was working well in partnership with other organisations.
There is a risk, however, that Connexions may not be reaching all of the young people it is meant to assist. Far fewer Personal Advisers are in post than had been originally envisaged, a consequence of Connexions operating with less resources than originally anticipated. Connexions is meant to provide a broad range of advice and services to all young people; however, it does not always cater for the needs of young people who are not at risk of dropping out of education and training. Although the majority of Personal Advisers already hold professional qualifications, at the time of the study, only half had started their Connexions specific training. There is also a lack of clarity regarding the respective roles of schools and the Connexions Service in providing careers advice to young people.
The NAO found that in order to improve the service:
- Partnerships should be encouraged to set local and regional targets for reducing the number of young people not in education, employment or training. These targets would feed into the national target and would allow partnerships to be more responsive to local conditions.
- The Department needs to set a clear target date for the majority of Personal Advisers to have completed Connexions-specific training.
- Better analysis of the results of interventions is required so that resources can be allocated more effectively.
- The Department needs to develop performance indicators for the full range of services provided by Connexions partnerships to ensure that all young people get the support they need.
- The Department needs to ensure that schools have the capacity to work with Connexions to provide support for all young people and that school staff are fully aware of the services offered by Connexions.
- The Department needs to revise the current year-on-year funding approach so that partnerships have greater certainty over the budget they will receive over a three year period – enabling them to take a more strategic approach. | <urn:uuid:608bc557-1f4d-4ba0-894d-af59b3dee119> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nao.org.uk/report/department-of-education-and-skills-connexions-service-for-all-young-people/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.97411 | 825 | 1.960938 | 2 |
OBJECTIVES: Increased oxidative stress and low-T3 syndrome may develop in critically ill patients. The study aimed at evaluating the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in critically ill patients and at estimating the relationships among LPO level, the death rate, the rate of low-T3 syndrome and patient's clinical status.
METHODS: Lipid peroxidation (LPO) level was studied in seventy (70) adult, critically ill patients and 48 healthy volunteers. Critically ill patients were classified into survivors and non-survivors, or those with and without the low-T3 syndrome (normal-T3).
RESULTS: LPO level was four times higher in critically ill patients than in healthy volunteers. Among non-survivors, LPO level was higher in patients with the low-T3 syndrome than in patients without this syndrome, and among survivors, the tendency was opposite. Additionally, the extent, to which LPO level increased, depended on the kind of the disease. The degree of LPO variability was higher in survivors than in non-survivors. LPO level was lower in patients with higher number of therapeutic interventions.
CONCLUSION: A tremendous increase in oxidative damage to lipids in critically ill patients strongly depends on the kind of pathological process and, under certain conditions, higher LPO levels could be due to more favourable outcome.... | <urn:uuid:68228e8d-9a37-4671-bae7-34d7e82b7d9d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nel.edu/journal/search/?keywords=Treatment%20O&vp-page=7 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.947612 | 282 | 1.546875 | 2 |
The president signed a bill into law to stop high shipping costs from conglomerates, and there could be more to come.
President Joe Biden signed legislation last month that aimed to make shipping goods across oceans cheaper — a move the White House says will help lower retailer costs that have remained high since the start of the coronavirus pandemic and helped fuel record inflation.
At the June bill signing, Biden stressed that a concentration of corporate shipping power in the hands of just nine, large and foreign-owned companies has fed higher shipping costs in ways that hurt businesses and exacerbate problems with inflation.
“These carriers made $190 billion in profit in 2021, seven times higher than the year before,” Biden said. “The cost got passed on, as you might guess, directly to consumers, sticking it to American families and businesses because they could.”
It’s not the only antitrust legislation that’s getting a bipartisan look in Congress. Minnesota Democratic Sen. Amy Klobuchar, a cosponsor of the shipping legislation, said that other big corporations should be on the look out.
“If I were them, I would take great heed at the unanimous vote in the Senate, the strong vote in the House, that we could act very soon if they don’t start being fair,” Klobuchar said. “If they keep their prices so high and don’t respond to the needs in our country, I think you will see legislation, more legislation, in the mix.”
One of those bills would prohibit Big Tech companies from offering customers their own products or services when it isn’t the best option available. Adam Kovacevich, an independent developer, wrote in a Newsweek op-ed in June that it would “address an obvious problem: A few dominant tech companies have become gatekeepers of the internet, boosting their own products and undermining smaller competitors.” | <urn:uuid:edf06833-cc7b-41a8-a73b-f5efdb203363> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://keystonenewsroom.com/story/biden-works-to-fight-high-costs-with-competition/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.968919 | 398 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Albert Camus in New York
Published by Gingko Press
60 pages, Softcover
4 3/4" x 6 1/2" (165 x 120 mm)
Out of stock
“If it had not actually taken place I should have been tempted, when writing a biography of Albert Camus, to invent his visit to my birthplace city” says Lottman in his foreword to Albert Camus in New York, specially published to introduce the monumental biography.
Lottman continues: “The timing of the actual event — for it did happen — is touched with irony. By then Camus was a hero in Paris, a still young and brilliant author of eminently readable yet challenging works, perhaps more widely known as editor-in-chief of Combat, a daily newspaper born of the wartime Resistance. Now, as frontpage editorialist of a paper and a movement pledged to change France, Albert Camus was seen as a moral guide for the postwar.
He was also a very likeable hero, looking even younger than his years, dapper in his Humphrey Bogart raincoat (looking very much a Bogart clone, and enjoying the notion when told so). He might be spotted in the literary heart of the Left Bank, at one or another sidewalk cafe of Place Saint Germain des Prés, late evenings at a cabaret or jazz cellar. The popular press knew a good story when it saw one. The very fact that Camus had been born and grew up in far-off French Algeria, then had spent his first French years in a remote province, made his sudden appearance among the literary warhorses of the French capital more magical still.
Yet — this is the irony — he was all but unknown on foreign shores — our shores for example. ‘The Stranger,’ his first influential novel, was to be published only during his American visit. University specialists knew something about him, and some were already great admirers, as were a handful of Francophile journalists. Still, his relative obscurity, and his total accessibility, added intensity to his brief stay — for Camus as well as for some fortunate enough to meet him then, and for us as we reach back to the past to recreate those days.” | <urn:uuid:0de0779b-019b-4edb-bbb0-ed4b000a197d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://gingkopress.com/shop/albert-camus-in-new-york/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.985388 | 479 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Happy #ThrowbackThursday from Nebraska Memories!
This week, we have a black and white photograph of a dirt road in Elmwood Park, located in Omaha. Elmwood Park was established in 1890 with land donated by Lyman Richardson and other citizens of Omaha. The city of Omaha added more property and by 1895 the park covered 210 acres.
This week’s image is owned and published by Omaha Public Library. Items in this collection include early Omaha-related maps dating from 1825 to 1922. Also included are over 1,100 postcards and photographs of the Omaha area.
Check out this collection and many more on the Nebraska Memories archive.
Nebraska Memories is a cooperative project to digitize Nebraska-related historical and cultural heritage materials and make them available to researchers of all ages via the Internet. The Nebraska Memories archive is brought to you by the Nebraska Library Commission.
If your institution is interested in participating in Nebraska Memories, see http://nlc.nebraska.gov/nebraskamemories/participation.aspx for more information | <urn:uuid:e039e806-cc1b-4971-bd1f-0ef766f66030> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://nlcblogs.nebraska.gov/nlcblog/2022/06/16/throwback-thursday-road-in-elmwood-park/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.942445 | 215 | 2.296875 | 2 |
JellaGel™ a next-generation alternative to Matrigel®27/01/22
Corning® Matrigel® is the most widely used extracellular matrix (ECM) on the market. It does though, have limitations with both composition, usability, and most recently global supply issues.
Jellagen developed JellaGel to offer a viable alternative to Matrigel and in this article, we will compare the two.
Introduction to Matrigel®
Corning Matrigel™ has been commercially available for licensing through the National Institutes of Health Technology Transfer Office since 1984 and has been used for cellular applications since then. As it is the most widely used ECM for cell culture applications it has a wealth of publications through multiple applications, making it widely trusted within the field.
It consists of a reconstituted basement membrane preparation that is extracted from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma, a tumor rich in extracellular matrix proteins. This material, once isolated, is approximately 60% laminin, 30% collagen IV, and 8% entactin.
Introduction to JellaGel™
JellaGel™ is a Next Generation Collagen Type 0 Hydrogel for in vitro cell culture and tissue engineering, offering customers a natural, non-mammalian and easy-to-use alternative to mammalian and synthetic hydrogels that are currently on the market.
It is manufactured using Collagen Type 0, an evolutionary ancient collagen, 600 million years in the making. Collagen Type 0 is derived from responsibly sourced jellyfish making it biochemically simple and naturally universal, allowing greater flexibility across multiple applications. Unlike alternative collagens where the “type” is specific to the end application, Collagen Type 0 is not, due to its evolutionary lineage. For this reason, it can be classed as the “stem of all collagens”.
Jellagel has several key differences over Matrigel, which are highlighted in the table below.
JellaGel & Matrigel: the key differences
JellaGel provides customers with a biochemically simple, consistent, and easy-to-use hydrogel that can transform their research. One of the greatest features of JellaGel is that it can be used at room temperature meaning there is no need for ice or cold rooms, unlike some hydrogels currently on the market.
This product is conveniently supplied in kit format with JellaGel solution, buffer and crosslinker for ease of use. We are now offering 5ml sample sized JellaGel kits allowing you to fully test the product at a lower price than the standard 10ml kit. | <urn:uuid:6b08cfce-960e-405d-acd1-47b302128d30> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jellagen.co.uk/blog/jellagel-a-next-generation-alternative-to-matrigel/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.918908 | 595 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Digital Integrated CircuitsA Design Perspective Jan M. Rabaey Anantha Chandrakasan Borivoje Nikolic Modified and integrated by Davide Bertozzi DesignMethodologies Array-based design
Array-based Pre-diffused Pre-wired (Gate Arrays) (FPGA's) Late-Binding Implementation • Till now, all methodologies require a complete run through the fabrication process • very high NRE (nonrecurring expense) • Array-based implementations have less manufacturing costs • attractive for small series • lower performance/density, higher power
Gate Array — Sea-of-gates • wafers of pre-diffused transistors are pre-manufactured • desired interconnections added to determine the overall function of the chip - just a few metallization steps more, applied onto pre-diffused wafers in a week or less - manufacturing irregarding of final application (standard masks) PMOS Uncommited Cell NMOS Committed Cell(4-input NOR) The channelless layout is called “sea-of-gates” (which also does not have predefined contacts)
Gate Array — Primitive cells PMOS Uncommited Cell NMOS • How to determine - composition of primitive cells? - need to ensure maximum transistor exploitation - size of primitive transistors? - flexibility to drive arbitrary loads Static design decisions affect a wide range of designs!!
Sea-of-gate Primitive Cells Alternative cell structures Using oxide-isolation Using gate-isolation Long rows of transistors sharing the same diffusion area Some transistors must be tied to Vdd or GND for isolation between neighboring gates Isolated cells consist of N transistors In principle, gate-isolation leads to higher transistor density
Using oxide-isolation Sea-of-gate Primitive Cells Transistor sizing challenge Interconnect-oriented nature of GAs (prop. delay dominated by interconn. capacitance) • Favors larger device sizes - large area overhead when unused • Connect smaller devices in parallel (e.g., 2 rows of small NMOS TNs, to connect in parallel when needed) • Small devices for pass transistor logic or memory cells smaller smaller Utilization factors largely depend on application - from 100% (regular structures) to lower than 75%. Mapping a design onto a gate array is largely automated
Example: Base Cell of Gate-Isolated GA Base cell: 1 pMOS 1 nMOS Cell height: 21 tracks From Smith97
Example: Flip-Flop in Gate-Isolated GA From Smith97
Sea-of-gates Memories can be implemented on top of gate arrays - inefficient (similar to standard cells) GAs integrated with memory macros (embedded gate array) Random Logic Memory Subsystem LSI Logic LEA300K (0.6 mm CMOS) Courtesy LSI Logic
Loss of interest Comparison • Gate Array: - Lower manifacturing cost - larger area - interconnect-centric programming (!) - regular and fixed layout: load factors, wiring parasitics,… can be accurately estimated • Standard cell: - Higher manifacturing cost - lower area - less emphasis on routing - load factors and parasitics are only known after placement, routing and extraction Some Gate Array design approaches also leverage regularity and predictability of interconnects
The return of gate arrays? Array of prediffused cells with a superimposed wiring grid Via programmable gate array(VPGA) Via-programmable cross-point metal-6 metal-5 programmable via Exploits regularity of interconnects [Pileggi02]
Prewired Arrays Solution: programming in the field, outside the silicon foundry! Classification of prewired arrays (or field programmable gate arrays, FPGA): • Based on Programming Technique • Fuse-based (program-once) • Non-volatile • RAM based • Programmable Logic Style • Array-Based • Look-up Table based • Programmable Interconnect Style • Channel-routing • Mesh networks
Prewired Arrays Starting from a regular array of cells….. • How do we implement programmable logic? How can we commit logic to perform any possible boolean function? • How do we store the program/configuration that commits the programmable array to a certain logic function?
Configuration storage • Fuse-based FPGA - Use of fuses (to be blown) or antifuses (to be short-circuited) - small area overhead vs one-time-programmable • Nonvolative FPGA - program stored in EEPROM/Flash - functionality retained until next programming round - Additional process steps (e.g., ultrathin oxides), high programming voltages • Volatile FPGA - program stored in RAM cells - at power up, configuration re-loading from external non-volatile memory - RAM cells programmed as a giant shift register - linear programming vs multi-cell programming - regular CMOS process is OK - logic function can be dynamically modified on the fly during execution (partial reconfiguration capability)
Antifuse-Based FPGA antifuse polysilicon 10nm ONO dielectric n antifuse diffusion + Open by default, closed by applying current pulse (melting of the dielectric) The opposite holds for FUSES From Smith97
Prewired Arrays ….starting from a regular array of cells….. • How do we implement programmable logic? How can we commit logic to perform any possible boolean function? • Array-based approach • Cell-based approach • How do we store the program/configuration that dedicates the programmable array to a certain logic function?
I I I I I I 5 4 3 2 1 0 Programmable I I I I 3 2 1 0 I I I I I I OR array 5 4 3 2 1 0 Fixed AND array O O O O O 3 2 1 0 O 0 0 Indicates programmable connection Indicates fixed connection Array-Based Programmable Logic (programmable logic devices, PLD) Include input in the minterm Include minterm in the output Programmable OR array Fixed OR array Programmable AND array Programmable AND array O O O O O O 3 2 1 Fixed, trade-off flexibility for density and power 3 2 1 PLA PROM PAL
1 X X X 2 1 0 : programmed node NA NA f f 1 0 Programming a PROM A large fraction of the PROM is unused! Complex logic functions determine: • low performance • low programming density And in general, no registers nor flip flops! PLD less and less attractive
More Complex PAL How can I implement sequential logic with PLDs? x Outputs can be fed back as a subset of the inputs Programmable D,T,J-K or clocked S-R flip flop i inputs, j minterms/macrocell, k macrocells From Smith97
Multi-level logic advantages Reduced sum of products form: x = A D F + A E F + B D F + B E F + C D F + C E F + G 6 x 3-input AND gates + 1 x 7-input OR gate (may not exist!) 25 wires (19 literals plus 6 internal wires) A 1 D F A 2 E F A B B 1 3 D C F D B x x 2 3 4 E 4 E 7 F F C G 5 D Factored form: x = (A + B + C) (D + E) F + G 1 x 3-input OR gate, 2 x 2-input OR gates, 1 x 3-input AND gate 10 wires (7 literals plus 3 internal wires) F C E 6 F G Such optimizations are unsopported by PLAs
Array-based Programmable Logic • + REGULAR STRUCTURE • accurate parasitic, area, power, speed estimates • + SUITABLE FOR 2-LEVEL LOGIC • E.g. functions with a large fan-in • ..or functions that map well into 2-level logic (e.g.,FSMs) • - HIGHER OVERHEAD • capacitance of intermediate nodes • negatively affects performance and power • risk of underutilization, especially PLAs (and waste of power) The alternative is CELL-BASED PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC….
Configuration A B S F= 0 0 0 0 0 X 1 X 0 Y 1 Y 0 Y X XY X 0 Y XY Y 0 X XY Y 1 X X Y + 1 0 X X 1 0 Y Y 1 1 1 1 2-input mux as programmable logic block A mux used as logic function generator A 0 F B 1 S By properly connecting inputs A,B and S to variables X and Y, 10 different logic functions can be obtained
Logic Cell of Actel Fuse-Based FPGA More complex logic gates with multiple Muxes Used in Actel fuse-based FPGA Any 2 or 3 inputs logic functions; some 4 inputs logic functions; a Latch
Look-up Table Based Logic Cell EXOR inference The Look-up table stores the truth table of a logic function (with n inputs, any logic function of n inputs can be implemented)
Extensions for sequential cells Sel LUT D Q CLK LUT-Based Logic Cell
Sizing LUTs Source: Altera white paper: FPGA Architecture • Small size LUT increases the level of logic implementation and, hence, increases circuit delay. • Large size LUT increases silicon area and cost since some of their inputs are not used in logic implementation.
4 C ....C 1 4 xx xxxx xxxx xxxx Bits D xxxx 4 control Logic xx xx D xx xx function x x 3 xx of xx D 2 xxx D 1 Logic xx xx x function x x of x x xxx F 4 Bits xxxx Logic control xx xx F xx 3 xx function x x xx F of xx 2 xxx F 1 xx xx x xxxxx x H x P Multiplexer Controlled CLB for Xilinx 4000 Series by Configuration Program LUT-Based Logic Cell Complex cells by adding more LUTs, increasing LUT size and inserting flip-flops and Muxes Courtesy Xilinx
Array-Based Programmable Wiring Interconnect Point Pass transistor with memory cell M (Flash or SRAM) Programmed interconnection Input/output pin Cell Horizontal tracks Vertical tracks
Crossing points • Pass transistor - large number of transistors and control signals - High fan-out wires delay and power • Fuse/antifuse - Fuses: long programming times (few connections usually needed) - Antifuses require less programming - one time programmable Array-based wire programming has been successful only in the write-once class of FPGAs
Mesh-based Interconnect Network Each logic cell output routed north, west, south or east Connectivity through RAM-programmable switching or connect matrices Switch Box Connect Box InterconnectPoint Courtesy Dehon and Wawrzyniek
Transistor Implementation of Mesh • The transistor induces a treshold-voltage drop which limits performance • level restorers, zero-Vth transistors, boosted control signals,.. • Inefficient for global interconnects Courtesy Dehon and Wawrzyniek
Hierarchical Mesh Network • Most mesh-based FPGA architectures offer alternative wiring resources allowing for effective global wiring • Reduced fanout and reduced resistance Courtesy Dehon and Wawrzyniek
ALTERA EPLD Block Diagram Nonvolatile FPGA Logic cells are PLA elements (called Logic Array Block, LABs) 16 macrocells per LAB Primary inputs Macrocell Courtesy Altera
Altera MAX From Smith97
t PIA LAB1 LAB2 PIA t PIA LAB6 Altera MAX Interconnect Architecture column channel row channel LAB Array-based (MAX 3000-7000) Simple, predictable does not scale well Mesh-based (MAX 9000) Wide channels (48 to 96 wires) Beyond 560 macrocells Courtesy Altera
Xilinx 4000 Interconnect Architecture Combines look-up table based approach with mesh-based interconnect Low delay inter-CLB connections 12 Quad 8 Single 4 Double 3 Long Direct 2 CLB Connect 3 Long 12 4 4 8 4 8 4 2 Quad Long Global Long Double Single Global Carry Direct Clock Clock Chain Connect Can also be configured as array of memory cells Distributed over long distances Courtesy Xilinx
RAM-based FPGA Horizontal and vertical routing channels easily recognizable 1000 CLB: 32x32 array 25000 equivalent gates 422 kbits programming RAM CLB at 250 MHz Multi-CLB adder: 20-50 MHz 1 32 bit adder: 62 CLB Xilinx XC4025 Courtesy Xilinx
Heterogeneous Programmable Platforms Centered around an FPGA FPGA Fabric Embedded memories Embedded PowerPc Hardwired multipliers Xilinx Vertex-II Pro High-speed I/O (3.125 Gbps transceivers) Courtesy Xilinx
FPGA Reconfigurable Data-path Interface ARM8 Core Berkeley Pleiades Processor Centered around an ARM7 core - ARM8: system manager - Intensive computations offloaded to a reconfigurable datapath (adders, multipliers, ASIP,..) - FPGA for bit manipulation • 0.25um 6-level metal CMOS • 5.2mm x 6.7mm • 1.2 Million transistors • 40 MHz at 1V • 2 extra supplies: 0.4V, 1.5V • 1.5~2 mW power dissipation | <urn:uuid:0a70f219-686a-4dbb-9ddb-348284445b70> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://esysbio.org/digital-integrated-circuits-a-design-perspective-powerpoint-ppt-presentation.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.763613 | 2,822 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Franklin and the Thunderstorm (Paperback)
In this Franklin Classic Storybook, Franklin is afraid of thunderstorms. When a storm approaches while he is playing at Fox's house, a flash of lightning sends Franklin into his shell. He refuses to come out --- even for snacks --- until his friends make him laugh with their tall tales about what causes storms. And when Beaver explains what really causes thunder and lightning, Franklin begins to feel much safer.
About the Author
Paulette Bourgeois is the author of more than 40 books for children, including the In My Neighborhood series and Oma's Quilt. She lives in Toronto, Ontario.
Brenda Clark is best known as the illustrator of the original Franklin the Turtle series written by Paulette Bourgeois. Other popular titles she has illustrated include Sadie and the Snowman, Big Sarah's Little Boots, and the award winning, Little Fingerling. Brenda lives in Port Hope, Ontario. | <urn:uuid:69bff97d-d9a3-40bf-ab01-54c430f3b9d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hicklebees.com/book/9781554537297 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.960701 | 196 | 2.09375 | 2 |
I realized something about you earlier this summer, while we were both enjoying the scenery in that famed playground of the workingman, Aspen, Colorado. I was moderating an Ideas Festival
debate discussion debate between you and Mitch Landrieu, the mayor of New Orleans. The conversation was supposed to focus on the reasons behind the high crime rates that afflict so many American cities. As you recall—unless you’ve completely blocked this from your mind—the conversation devolved into a sometimes-tense discussion about the role of “culture” in what used to be called—before conservatives weaponized (you should pardon the expression) the term—“black-on-black crime.” (We’re both old enough to remember the Stop the Violence movement’s non-racist use of the term.)
It turned out to be an educational discussion (except for the moment when an audience member asked you to describe what exactly Jay Z and Oprah were doing to stop crime in black neighborhoods) except that I realized, about one minute into the conversation, that the two of you were tragically mismatched. I’m a great admirer of Landrieu, as you know—he’s one of the only white politicians in America, and certainly one of the only white politicians in the South, who understands the related problems of violent crime and mass incarceration for what they are: an actual national emergency. Most politicians treat the violent deaths of African American males (262,000 killed from 1980 through 2013) as a kind of unfortunate state of nature, rather than the manifestation of fixable problems whose origins lie not in cultural deficiency but in racist policy.
But I understand why the two of you didn’t see eye-to-eye.
Landrieu is a politician, an executive temporarily assigned by the people of New Orleans to pacify their streets. He’s searching for immediate fixes. You are very much not a politician—when I asked you what you would do in New Orleans if you were the mayor, you answered by saying that you could only tell me what you would if you were king, the implication being that your prescriptions have a sweep to them that is beyond the realm of ordinary politics.
Which brings me—circuitously—to a point many people will raise with you, about mass incarceration: Who, exactly, would you let out of prison? We know, from the work of Marie Gottschalk, and others, that the release of non-violent drug offenders would not actually do the trick of bringing our incarceration rates into line with other developed nations. We’ve talked a lot about Angola, so you know that the warden, Burl Cain, believes that a certain portion of his incarcerated murderer population is ready for release, if the state would just change its laws. But he wouldn’t let everyone out, not by a long shot. “Reparations,” which is the answer you provide at the end of your latest piece, is, to me, a fine answer to many questions, but it does not answer the question, “Which prisoners do we release back into society without negative consequence? What is the formula you would use to decide who goes free and who stays imprisoned?” | <urn:uuid:65f3e3ab-9e32-4363-a7a0-c2d25d67e7bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/09/what-comes-after-incarceration/626594/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.971888 | 679 | 1.882813 | 2 |
|Type Name:||IRONSTONE, UNDECORATED|
|Type Index:||REFINED EARTHENWARE|
White, hard, almost vitrified paste.
Paste is usually thick because vessels were often utilitarian.
Background color is white, but may have a faint bluish cast.
Thick, clear, glasslike glaze, with a network of very fine crazing appearing underneath the glassy surface.
Usually not decorated but can be transfer printed.
|Comments:||This common nineteenth century utilitarian pottery is part of the general category of English "Stone China" It is referred to in the archaeological literature as "Undecorated White Granite Ware", or as "Undecorated Ironstone", after Mason’s Patent Ironstone China (which was a specific brand of stone china patented in 1813). Undecorated Stone China is most common after ca. 1840, and most of the granite wares,and ironstone pottery before that date were decorated with transfer printing, painting, enameling or a combination of these. Decorated Stone China /Ironstone dates to about 1805-1840 (Miller 1991).|
|Published Definitions:||Noel Hume 1970; Miller 1991| | <urn:uuid:626a8658-9a09-43fb-b57a-b36a2114e87b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/typeceramics/type/ironstone-undecorated/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.883863 | 320 | 2.953125 | 3 |
NEW Portfolio Preparation 3D Campus
If you wish to develop a good grounding in a variety aspects of painting, drawing and mixed media together with an awareness of contemporary and historical art . In particular those who may wish to put together a portfolio for application to a higher level* course or employment in a related field.
What The Course is About:
This intensive course will give you a thorough and wide ranging introduction to the elements of 2D visual art through a variety practical exercises enabling you to develop your understanding of different materials and approaches.
You will also have opportunities to learn about artworks, ideas and historical connections through gallery visits and slides shows.
The terms can be taken sequentially and used as way to develop an art portfolio. Or alternatively on a one off basis depending on your own needs and interests.
Each term will focus on particular aspects of 2D art.
1 Autumn term: Drawing, the first half of the term will be spent on observational drawing using various media, followed by more experimental and expressive approaches in the second half.
2 Spring Term: painting, this term will offer a wide ranging introduction to oil painting (we may look at other types of paint as well) including colour mixing. We will explore this versatile medium in both its traditional and more experimental forms.
3. Summer term: mixed media and printmaking, Working in a more process based way we will explore combing various media and also developing ideas through project based approaches.
What to bring to the first session: Bring to the first class any drawing or painting materials you have; paper and further items can be purchased from the school shop.
No previous experience required. Anyone who wishes develop a good grounding in a variety aspects of painting, drawing and mixed media together with an awareness of contemporary and historical art .
What will I achieve? You will have a comprehensive portfolio for further progression. *Completeion of all three terms guarantees entrance to the Diploma in visual art (one year) at PSAD | <urn:uuid:2b69bdd0-ed6f-42a4-b3a0-a78c137810a1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.psad.org.uk/course/new-portfolio-preparation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.931605 | 407 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Five years ago, I started this blog to reflect and analyze the current and future state of democratic governance in the world. In the inaugural blog, I reflected on the ending cycle of a period of unprecedented expansion of human rights and inclusive governance, and how under more complex circumstances a new cycle was beginning to emerge. It was clear then that democratic governance was not only about elections, but most importantly about its performance. The last five years have been intense in terms of challenges, not only in the democratic governance sphere, but also in terms of a global pandemic that has further stretched the limits of democratic governance systems and strengthen non-democratic and autocratic behavior. At the end of 2021, the world might still be at the cusp of ending a long cycle of political action that has been dominated by democratic progress, and exhausted is trying to navigate its way into another cycle. What is not clear, is what that new cycle will look like, and which actors will lead. The past five years have not been kind to democratic governance, as unexpected and expected actors and factors have emerged. What scenarios are plausible in the next fiver years?
The Need to Recommit and Embrace Democratic Principles
Any system is a product of several elements coming together to make it work. If a key part of the systems does not work, it can affect the workings of the entire system. As highlighted in one the first blogs, democratic governance involves a constant process of formation and re-formation, and stewardship of rules and institutions that regulate the public realm to promote an enabling environment for peace and co-existence. Democratic governance is a space where the state as well as economic and societal actors interact to help make decisions and ensure benefits and public goods for all. As we look at the available evidence of the current trend in democratic backsliding, it usually involves both government and civil society failures. One the one hand, political actors do not adhere anymore to basic rules of the game and systematically attempt to subvert the rule of law and accountability. On the other hand, citizens have lost trust in their governments, and have divested not only from voting, but also from engaging and demanding vociferously to uphold democratic governance.
In great part the current democratic governance crisis reflects a loss in basic democratic values and aspirations. For example, politicians who aspire to represent their constituencies have not necessarily committed to democratic principles, including transparency, accountability, and inclusion. Also, their political parties have not renewed, modernized or restructured allowing extreme and radical tendencies to grow and capture the party name as personal instrument. In the worst cases, political parties have been weakened or eliminated altogether. Evidence shows that the more institutionalized and balanced political parties are, the less opportunities for authoritarians to take over control of the political parties’ platform and direction. But beyond political parties, corruption, criminality, and violence have also weakened democratic governance and strengthened the narrative of authoritarians to pitch undemocratic approaches, including the use of force. The Covid-19 pandemic has not helped and has reinforced authoritarians tendencies. There is also evidence that politicians are supporting more extreme positions on core policy issues, a phenomenon not seen in recent decades.
Citizens are also a key component of democratic governance. The current crisis also reflects several challenges for citizens and civil society. In most democratic governments, citizens find themselves increasingly divided and skeptical of the possibilities of collective action under democratic governance. Like politicians, citizens have succumbed to polarization and extreme positions. Not only does it seem that they feel less connected to each other, but also that they feel less connected to their governments. As argued in an earlier article, in today’s world equality and social safety nets seem more vulnerable and thus reinforce the lack of trust in governments. This has affected the potential of citizens to play a more constructive and proactive role in shaping the quality of democratic governance. Ideally citizens in democratic governance not only have the right to choose their representatives in periodic elections, but also are obliged to invest in the quality of their governments through civic engagement and by demanding accountability. Similarly, in theory the authority of government should derive from the will of the people. The majority of constitutions and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights capture the aspirations of democratic governance from this perspective as government is framed under the “of the people, by the people and for the people” principle. The question is, what is happening in practice?
Invest and Rebuild Democratic Governance
Voting in periodic elections is no longer and exclusive attribute of democratic governance. Many authoritarian regimes have come to power through elections and use elections and change the rules of elections to perpetuate themselves in power. They capitalize on high levels of dissatisfaction with democratic governance, and its inability to perform and resolve complex problems quickly. However, once in power autocrats and authoritarians make short-term attempts to resolve some of the underlying issues of the system, but as argued before their attention quickly turns to expanding their tenure and wealth through the use of public resources and impunity. In practice, the democratic governance game is more complex, as by nature needs to be inclusive, transparent, and consensus driven. Thus, performance needs to strike a balance between short-term gains for all, but with long-term sustainable elements. Not an easy task, in particular if that performance is burdened by a multiplicity of factors and actors. A key lesson emerging is that expectations in democratic governance need to be reset, and efforts to raise awareness about how democratic governance can address challenges need to increase. Another key lesson that is emerging is that except under coups, democratic governance does not die immediately, but gradually. The dying involves autocrats undermining institutions, closing and restricting the civic space, and using the pulpit of power to disinform, intimidate and polarize. Autocrats see no value on processes or institutions, as for them these are barriers to their own selfish goals.
Rebuilding and recovering democratic governance will involve national, intermediate and local actions, with obvious nuances. Solutions will need to be practical and address concrete matters such as local planning, school improvements, economic opportunities and citizen participation. While there is no single or magical solution, there are already broad proposals and recommendations on how to strengthen, revitalize and rebuild democratic governance. The reorganization of formal state institutions will need to stimulate civil society democratic engagement and connect the dots of a virtuous circle of reciprocal reinforcement between politics, expectations and policy. Creativity to discover and imagine new ways to promote and strengthen democratic institutions that are more participatory and effective than the traditional configuration of political representation and bureaucratic administration will be needed.
No longer are we in the world of the 20th Century, or the world we inherited the first two decades of the 21st century. There is a lot of lessons in the promotion and support of democratic governance that is applicable to older and newer democracies. It is the only form of government that allows for peaceful self-correction. Transparent and fair elections, open debate and deliberation, accountable governance and rule of law are the tools. Around the world, different democratic governance systems need tailored solutions to adapt and strengthen. It is like there are different kinds of patients that need medicine and vitamins and therapy to boost resistance and resilience against viral autocratic forces. First, older democracies like the United Sates, France, England among others, that need to reform their outdated governance systems and adapt them to their new demographic realities and stop their democratic backsliding. Second, a group of third-wave democracies that are already crumbling because they did not consolidate their democracies and find themselves with challenges that are not insurmountable, but if not corrected they could contribute to the fall into autocratic rule. Third, the once promising young or old democracies who have already fallen to autocrats, dictators or kleptocrats. And fourth, those countries that have not had a chance to experience democratic governance. Each category of patient would need a differentiated approach or medicine treatment, and further each case in each category will require a tailor-made strategy or treatment. There are already a number of tools and evidence that can help design strategies to rebuild and invest in democratic governance, such as the Freedom House indicators, the Idea International report, and the analysis of V-Dem and the economist intelligence unit Global Democracy Index.
Democratic Governance as a Cost-Sharing Enterprise
It will take a long time to rebuild democratic governance and will require to do things differently and better than before. Data shows that the dissatisfaction with democratic governance is real. There is no single issue driving this dissatisfaction, but it seems to be link to the lack of economic opportunities, a growing sense of inequality, and a general distrust in government, society in general and in people. For example, a recent study about Latin America and the Caribbean shows how mistrust suppresses economic growth and innovation, and distorts democratic decision-making keeping citizens from demanding better public services, from joining with others to control corruption, and from making the collective sacrifices that leave everyone better off. Another recent study by Pew Research Center points to democratic norms and civil liberties deteriorating trends, as democratic institutions have been seen failing to address key issues. Thus, the rise of authoritarianism and populism may be less a cause and more a symptom of democratic governance’s ills. The same Pew study shows that large shares of people around the globe recognized their democratic systems need to be reformed (see Figure 1 below).
There is no magic recipe to restore democratic legitimacy, but the process needs to be driven by both political and civic actors. Political parties need to evolve and move away from serving narrow interests and become better social vehicles to policy discussions and actions. Greater political party outreach, engagement, and deliberation offers promise and can help re-connect with political communities. But it will not be sufficient. Democratic governance needs to re-focus on its ability and capacity to solve specific and tangible problems. Key would be the involvement of those ordinary people affected in deliberation and dialogue with officials who would have a role in ensuring long-lasting solutions are institutionalized. This implies at least three new institutional design features: 1) devolving and empowering decision-making to where the problem lies; 2) conditioning responsibility and accountability to resource distribution; and 3) use and generation of new state institutions to support and guide problem solving efforts.
The future of democratic governance depends on which path to follow. Attrition or moving away is an option that will have tremendous consequences for humanity, and will likely lead to a more insecure, violent and conflictive world. Renewal and confronting the problem is another option that does have costs as well, but it also offers an opportunity to deal with the problem rather than ignoring it. Over the past decades the electoral element of democracy has often been the focus of democratic governance. Today, while still important, elections are only one aspect of democratic governance. Any strategy to renew and rebuild democratic governance will need not only to strengthen electoral processes, but also to tackle the widespread doubts about the efficacy of democracy in solving everyday problems. Ensuring direct participation of stakeholders and beneficiaries would increase accountability and reduce the length of the chain of agency that accompanies policy processes and their bureaucratic apparatus. Deliberation would involve continuous joint planning, problem solving, and strategizing. Beneficiaries and decision-makers would enter discursive arenas to formulate together means and ends. They would be encouraged to participate not exclusively to press pre-formed agendas or visions, but rather to articulate strategies and solutions and forge action through deliberation.
As many surveys have shown, people are not happy with democratic governance. But also, substantive majorities do not see authoritarianism as an alternative. It is clear most people would prefer to fix democratic governance and be part of that process. Rebuilding democratic governance will not be an easy task but doing nothing cannot be an option. Looking around the world, while most societies are contending with low levels of satisfaction with democratic governance, there are many places that can be call “islands of hope.” Denmark, Switzerland, Norway, the Netherlands, Costa Rica, Uruguay, Canada, and New Zealand among others show high satisfaction with democratic governance. Key elements in these islands of hope are the resilience and adaptation of their systems, and most importantly the role citizens have in participating in decision-making processes that shape their lives. Important to learn from these systems, and hope the islands of hope continue to expand.
*Source of the photo: Pexels, 2022 | <urn:uuid:7b990863-3bad-4a8f-bcc5-52742dd375ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://4democraticgovernance.com/2022/01/30/rebuilding-and-recovering-democratic-governance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.959544 | 2,510 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Arbor Day, celebrated for more than 135 years as a special time set aside for tree planting, will be observed Feb. 14 at Mississippi State.
Nationally, the air quality-enhancement celebration takes place on the last Friday in April. Southern states observe Arbor Day, however, in January and February when tree planting in the region is climatically ideal.
Beginning at 11 a.m. and open to all, the MSU program led by the Society of American Foresters student chapter will involve the planting of bald cypress trees on the west side of the historic Newell-Grissom Building, current home of MSU varsity volleyball.
"Mississippi State has a beautiful campus and takes great pride in our variety of trees in the landscape," said Jason Gordon, assistant extension professor. "The Arbor Day event helps us celebrate the beauty of our campus and the value of trees both in improved air quality and aesthetically."
For additional details on the event, contact Gordon at 662-325-8851 or email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:4cad8c7b-c639-4d9f-a637-6d464377dbd1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cfr.msstate.edu/news/news_article.asp?guid=537 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.925297 | 223 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Your voice is needed to protect Native Ecosystems!
In 2018, we and our partners successfully encouraged the NOSB to recommend this new rule to protect Native Ecosystems from the organic plow. Since then, the National Organic Program (NOP) has failed to implement this rule.
The NOP is now accepting public comments on how to prioritize their long list of recommended rules waiting to be implemented.
This is our chance to put protecting Native Ecosystems at the top of their list.
Learn more about our work to ensure the integrity of the organic label.
Instructions for submitting your comments:
Important: USDA really wants to hear your personal thoughts and passion on this issue, not just the science and research that backs our statements. Please be original as possible!
1. Click on the button above to get to the federal registry where you need to submit your comments.
2. Write directly in the window provided, or cut and paste your comments into the window, or attach a separate document. Use this sentence structure:
My name is (YOUR NAME) and I am a (FARMER/CONSUMER/CERTIFIER/ETC). I care about this issue because (FILL IN WITH ONE OR TWO SENTENCE REASON).
Detailed talking points are below to help you craft your one or two sentence statement.
3. You can submit comments online until 11:59 p.m. (Eastern Time) on March 30, 2022 at the above link.
4. Copy and past your your submitted comments in the feedback box on the right of this page so we can track submitted comments on this issue.
5. Share this action with your friends and colleagues!
Talking Points - Put comments like these into your own words:
- I urge the NOP to implement the NOSB's recommended rule to Eliminate the Incentive to Convert Native Ecosystems to Organic Production.
- Native ecosystems store so much more carbon than converted organic farmland ever could.
- Implementing the rule will ensure the USDA organic label provides critical protections for Native Ecosystems, and the integrity of the National Organic Program will be preserved.
- This rule will incentivize the transition of conventional farms and stop the destruction of Native Ecosystems from organic conversion.
- Native Ecosystems are necessary to support declining and rare species today and a hundred years from now, when there will be much less available due to increased human populations and climate change.
- Certification of lands where Native Ecosystems were destroyed has been extremely unfair to the organic producers who have worked hard and made significant financial commitments to convert conventional farms to organic production.
- Organic agriculture is built on the philosophy of caring for the Earth. The organic label must protect these Native Ecosystems for the future.
- Many certification agencies (organic and non-organic) around the world prohibit the conversion of native ecosystems and the NOP needs to catch up with them.
- Organic consumers are confused, distraught and disillusioned about the contradiction between NOP's requirement for certified farms to conserve biodiversity and its permission for native ecosystems to be destroyed beforehand; we need to change that.
- If you are an organic farmer, or are involved in the organic industry, please be sure to mention that! Comments from organic consumers are vitally important as well, especially if you tell regulators why you care.
IF YOU PLAN TO WRITE A LETTER, AS OPPOSED TO A QUICK COMMENT, click here (or on the letter image) for a sample letter. | <urn:uuid:93fb5fde-a009-425f-b092-4f5c172ecf77> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wildfarmalliance.org/protect_native_ecosystems | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.912821 | 730 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Developing a Career Plan
By setting up your clear career goals and objectives you are achieving job satisfaction, a work-life balance and wellbeing for yourself. By having a simple way and knowing the essential steps to get there, you can give yourself clarity in the working life. By having this vision of where we want to progress to, it can help as a constant motivator, ensuring a far higher chance of success in your career.
So, how do you start the process? Check out some tips from our Evolution team.
This is the starting point when you are trying to start where you want to go in your future career. It’s critical for productivity and performance and it will allow you to gain some career outlook, measure your interests and goals. The reflection should be directed around your own personality, looking at your morals, skills and passions. This allows you to establish what you enjoy, both personally and professionally.
The Second step is to set measurable, achievable goals. You should already know about using SMART goals in the past, and this is still a useful technique to ensure you can strictly track your progress. Some advice is to share these with a friend, this will mean that someone else can hold you accountable and remind you of your own progress. Apparently by sharing your targets can carry a higher chance of success, with 75% of people who wrote them down and shared, achieved their targets.
DEVELOP The PLAN
Once you have your career, personal interests, and have some realistic goals written down, you can really start to dive into a plan of action. Possibly you need to develop a certain technical skill on a piece of software, get more experience in a certain industry, or even learn a new language. You firstly need to pinpoint what it is that’s stopping you from applying and changing your role. If you have a couple of possible career moves, map out the pros and cons of each, and evaluate with your values and benefits.
We hope this can help people take their first steps, or experienced professionals looking for a change, developing an attainable plan is the best way of staying on the right track. If you’re looking for a change of career, we have tons of live vacancies from across the region, take a look at all our roles here. | <urn:uuid:bd58dcc1-3e8b-4878-bacb-41fcf3c67849> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.evolutionrecruit.co.uk/developing-a-career-plan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.957674 | 478 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Online Program: Muslims, the Holocaust, and Antisemitism
At a challenging time for religious dialogue and healing, join Dr. Mehnaz Afridi, Director of the Holocaust, Genocide, and Interfaith Education Center at Manhattan College and author of Shoah Through Muslim Eyes, as she explores the rejection of myths about the Holocaust and Jews and offers new ways of creating understanding between communities through the acceptance and enormity of the Shoah. Dr. Afridi will also discuss Islam and principles of justice, as well as the role of Muslims in North Africa during the Holocaust, rescue stories, and how we can acknowledge narratives of suffering at different times in history.
Museum Members: Free; Non-Members: $5.00
Members must sign in to take advantage of their member discount.
Community Partner: Am Shalom; Muslim Community Center | <urn:uuid:cd145f7a-2911-4619-88e1-02f072629023> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ilholocaustmuseum.org/events/online-program-muslims-the-holocaust-and-antisemitism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.946877 | 174 | 2.671875 | 3 |
The Giza Zoo received three new giraffes from South Africa on Sunday. The animals arrived through the zoo’s upper gate on a big flatbed truck in three big crates in the early afternoon yesterday, while zoo employees buzzed around with excitement.
Animal welfare advocate Dina Zulfikar, the co-founder of the Animal Welfare Awareness Research group, said it has been years since the zoo had giraffes. The old giraffes died, she said, one of them apparently while in labor.
“Giraffes are very sensitive,” Zulfikar said.
She said it took the zoo this long to replace the giraffes because it’s illegal for zoo animals to come from the wild. They must be bred in captivity, and they must also come from geographical areas that are free of disease.
After the animals arrived, the area was closed to the public, including journalists. No interviews were made available to the press as the animals arrived, and zoo management requested that no pictures be taken of the new giraffes, or their enclosure area.
Dr. Fatima Tamam, president of the central administration for zoos, said journalists must first get permission to interview her from Dr. Osama Selim, the chairman of the General Organization for Veterinary Services under the Agriculture Ministry.
Zulfikar said the zoo has been eager to replace different species that it has been missing, including the giraffes. She said the zoo is also planning to get more elephants because the ones it has now are very old.
But she said she thinks the zoo should prioritize public education and improving its current facilities, rather than acquiring new species.
“The zoo is not functioning up to now as an educational and conservation center,” she said. “They are not providing proper living environments for the animals.”
Zulfikar said the bear and chimpanzee enclosures are both in need of drastic improvements.
“My point of view as an animal protection advocate is, maintain what you have, then you can add new species,” she said.
Zulfikar is not alone in her criticism. The zoo has been heavily criticized in international media in recent years for its treatment of the animals and their poor living conditions.
However, the zoo said it is forming a committee that would work with experts to develop the zoo according to international standards set by the World Association for Zoos and Aquariums, the zoo website said. A 2008 Reuters story said the Giza Zoo had been excluded from the association in 2004.
A zoo employee said the Giza Zoo would announce the arrival of the new giraffes on its website Monday, and that journalists would be welcome later in the week, after the new animals have had a chance to adapt to their new environment. | <urn:uuid:0a4f3d6a-d4a7-43ef-9dfe-b04b8221bd9e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://egyptindependent.com/first-time-years-giza-zoo-receives-new-giraffes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.973764 | 582 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Customize your JAMA Network experience by selecting one or more topics from the list below.
MMWR. 2002;50:29-31 March 13
Lyme disease (LD) is caused by the tickborne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and is the most common vectorborne disease in the United States. CDC initiated LD surveillance in 1982, and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists designated it a nationally notifiable disease in 1991. This report summarizes the 17,730 cases of LD reported to CDC during 2000, which indicates that more LD cases were reported in 2000 than in any previous reporting year and that the reported incidence of LD is greatest in the northeastern, mid-Atlantic, and north-central regions of the United States. LD can be prevented by reducing tick populations, avoiding tick-infested habitats, using repellents, promptly removing attached ticks, and vaccination.
For surveillance purposes, LD is defined as the presence of a physician-diagnosed erythema migrans (EM) rash ≥5 cm in diameter or at least one manifestation of musculoskeletal, neurologic, or cardiovascular disease with laboratory confirmation of B. burgdorferi infection.1 Incidence was calculated using 2000 population data from the U.S. Census Bureau.
During 2000, a total of 17,730 LD cases (incidence*: 6.3 cases) were reported from 44 states and the District of Columbia, an 8% increase over 1999 (16,273 cases) and a 5% increase over 1998 (16,801 cases). As in previous years, most cases were reported from the northeastern, mid-Atlantic, and north-central regions. State incidence was higher than the national incidence in Connecticut (110.8), Rhode Island (64.4), New Jersey (29.2), New York (22.8), Delaware (21.3), Pennsylvania (19.1), Massachusetts (18.2), Maryland (13.0), Wisconsin (11.8), Minnesota (9.5), New Hampshire (6.8), and Vermont (6.6); these 12 states accounted for 16,877 (95%) of nationally reported cases. During 1999-2000, 24 states and the District of Columbia reported increases in the number of cases, 19 reported decreases, and seven reported no change. In 2000, no cases were reported in six states (Colorado, Georgia, Hawaii, Montana, New Mexico, and South Dakota).
Based on data for 17,570 (99%) LD cases, 723 (23%) of 3,143 U.S. counties reported at least one case; approximately 90% of the cases were reported from 124 counties. Reported incidence was >100 cases in 24 counties in Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin; the highest incidence (943) was reported in Columbia County, New York.
Among 17,551 LD patients with age reported, distribution was bimodal and the median age was 39 years (range: <1-98 years). The highest reported incidence occurred among children aged 5-9 years (9.3) and adults aged 50-59 years (8.2). Among 17,663 patients with sex reported, 9,472 (53.6%) were males, who had a higher incidence compared with females in all age groups. Among 12,977 (73.2%) patients with month of illness onset reported, 7,427 (57.2%) occurred during June (27.3%) and July (29.9%); <5.8% occurred during January, February, and December 2000.
State and District of Columbia health depts. S Marshall, MPH, E Hayes, MD, D Dennis, MD, Div of Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC.
CDC Editorial Note:
During 1991-2000, the reported incidence of LD nearly doubled. Most cases continued to occur in northeastern, mid-Atlantic, and north-central states,2,3 and the largest proportion of cases continued to be reported among persons aged 5-9 years and 50-59 years, possibly as a result of greater exposure than other groups to infected ticks, less frequent use of personal protective measures, differential use of health-care services, and/or reporting bias. The large number of reported LD cases during June and July reflects the seasonal peak of host-seeking activities of infective nymphal-stage vector ticks during May and June in areas where LD is endemic.4
The findings in this report are subject to at least three limitations. First, because LD is reported through passive surveillance, LD is underreported, and the distribution and demographics of reported cases could be biased. Second, LD is underreported in areas where disease is endemic and might be overreported in areas where disease is nonendemic. Third, not all LD patients present with typical manifestations; other conditions might be confused with LD and laboratory testing might be inaccurate.
LD can be prevented by reducing tick populations, avoiding tick-infested areas, using repellents, promptly removing attached ticks, and vaccination. Booster doses may be required, but the optimal schedule for this has not been determined. A vaccine was licensed in 1998 that is 76% effective in preventing LD among recipients of 3 doses.5 New strategies for reducing tick vectors of LD include applying acaricides to the principal animal hosts of Ixodes scapularis ticks (i.e., a device for killing ticks on white-tailed deer and a bait box for killing ticks on rodents) (6, CDC, unpublished data, 2001). In 2001, community-based LD prevention projects were initiated in Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York. Through the application of integrated prevention strategies in community-based programs, CDC and state health departments hope to achieve the 2010 national health objective of reducing the incidence of LD to 9.7 in states where LD is endemic (objective 14-8).
Lyme Disease—United States, 2000. JAMA. 2002;287(10):1259–1260. doi:10.1001/jama.287.10.1259-JWR0313-3-1
Coronavirus Resource Center | <urn:uuid:095df568-d705-4aed-bed7-2ea789b664bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1844647 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.947584 | 1,292 | 3.25 | 3 |
Attaining the Siddhis: 25 Superhuman Powers You Can Gain Through Practicing Yoga and Meditation
Classic yoga texts, such as Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras, written about two thousand years ago, tell us in matter- of-fact terms that if you sit quietly, pay close attention to your mind, and practice this diligently, then you will gain supernormal powers. These advanced capacities, known as siddhis, are not regarded as magical; they’re ordinary capacities that everyone possesses. We’re just too distracted most of the time to be able to access them reliably.
Attaining The Siddhis
“The whole history of science shows us that whenever the educated and scientific men of any age have denied the facts of other investigators on a priori grounds of absurdity or impossibility, the deniers have always been wrong.”
— Alfred Russell Wallace
The Yoga Sutras provide a taxonomy of supernormal mental powers and a means of obtaining them. Today we would classify most of the siddhis as various forms of psychic, or psi, phenomena. Others might be called exceptionally precise means of controlling the mind- body relationship.
Depending on the nature of the object one is absorbed into during samyama, different siddhis are said to arise. This is not due to magical incantations, but a natural consequence of merging with the object of focus. For example, if one focuses on another person, in samyama one becomes the other person. The siddhi that arises is what we would call telepathy.
In the science fiction television series Star Trek, this practice was depicted as the Vulcan mind meld. Telepathy occurs in the mind meld (and in the siddhis) not because thoughts are transmitted from another person’s mind to yours, but because while in samyama your mind breaks through the illusion of separation that tricks you into believing that you and the other person are different. In deep states of the absorptive mind meld, whether yogic or Vulcan, holistic reality reigns.
You are no longer two people, but one and the same. The genius of Star Trek is that it is the dispassionate, hyper rational, deeply focused Vulcans who can achieve this state, and not the attention-deficit, emotionally uncontrolled humans.
As another example, in samyama one may focus on the processes of time, change, and transformation. The siddhi that arises is the simultaneous perception of the past, present, and the future. The idea that the present contains the past is common knowledge; we call this memory. The idea that the present is also influenced by the future may seem odd, but this quasi- teleological concept is accommodated within today’s physics. For example, in quantum theory the idea that the present is constrained by both the past and the future is respectable, but of greater importance, there is now experimental evidence supporting it, published in 2012 in the journal Nature Physics.
The 21 Siddhi Powers
Past, Present, and Future walk into a bar at the same time. It was tense.
Approximately twenty-five siddhis are listed in the third book of the Yoga Sutras. An exact number is difficult to pin down because the abilities may be interpreted in different ways, and there is some overlap.
But it is possible to view all the siddhis as variations on three basic classes:
- EXCEPTIONAL mind- body control
- CLAIRVOYANCE, the ability to gain knowledge unbound by the ordinary constraints of space or time and without the use of the ordinary senses; includes precognition and telepathy
- PSYCHOKINESIS or mind- matter interaction, the ability of the mind to directly infl uence matter
Fifteen of the siddhis fall into the category of clairvoyance, four fi t into the category of psychokinesis, and six in mind- body control. The siddhis listed here are in the order in which they appear in the Yoga Sutras: PADA III. Sutra 16. (This will be abbreviated as III.16 in succeeding sutras.) Knowledge of the past, present, and the future, resulting from samyana on the nature of change. This is clairvoyance through time, commonly called precognition when the information obtained is from the future, or retrocognition if it is from the past (and is not simply memory).
Siddhi III.17. Knowledge of the meaning of sounds produced by all beings, resulting from samyana on the “third ear,” or the concept of sound, words, or hearing. This may be interpreted as a form of clairvoyance, or telepathy that extends beyond human minds and includes animals, insects, and other species. More generally it is known as clairaudience.
Siddhi III.18. Knowledge of previous births and arising of future births, resulting from samyana on one’s latent or inherited tendencies. This is clairvoyance on an aspect of consciousness that does not arise from the body and is sustained after bodily death. A similar siddhi is described in Sadhana Pada II.39, translated as “When non-greed is confirmed, a thorough illumination of the how and why of one’s birth comes.”17 III.19–20. Knowledge of minds, resulting from samyama on one’s own mind or another’s mind, both of which from a holistic perspective are part of the universal mind. We now call this telepathy.
Siddhi III.21. Disappearance of the body from view, as a result of looking at the body with the inner eye. This is sometimes translated as the power of invisibility, because the Sanskrit aphorism contains words suggesting a “suspension of the coarse or limited projection of the body.” But it may also be interpreted as the ability to perceive aspects of the body that are beyond the limited scope of the ordinary senses. In other words, we could interpret this as clairvoyance, or perhaps as psychokinesis.
Siddhi III.22. Foreknowledge of birth, harm, or death, resulting from samyama on sequences of events in one’s past and present. This again is a form of clairvoyance.
Siddhi III.23. Loving- kindness in all, resulting from samyama on friendliness, compassion, or sympathetic joy. This can be interpreted to mean that when one is imbued with joy, that state may induce similar feelings in others. This may be interpreted as an unintentional or field like form of psychokinesis.
Siddhi III.24. Extraordinary strength, resulting from samyama on the concept of physical strength (the aphorism specifically mentions the strength of an elephant, which was undoubtedly the strongest creature in Patanjali’s world), but it might also include mental, moral, or spiritual strength. This could be interpreted as an exceptional form of mindbody control or as a mind-matter interaction effect. Swami Satchidananda sums up this siddhi with the comment, “You can lighten yourself; you can make yourself heavy. It’s all achieved by samyama. Do it; try it. Nice things will happen”
Siddhi III.25. Knowledge at a distance, resulting from samyama on the “inner light,” which in Western esoteric terms is known as the “subtle body” or the “light body.” This siddhi includes knowledge of hidden objects, or clairvoyance.
Siddhi III.26. Knowledge of the outer universe, resulting from samyama on the solar principle, which could include the sun as a planetary body, or the concept of the solar plexus, one of the principal “subtle energy” centers or chakras in the human body. A more detailed translation of this siddhi would require a major diversion into esoteric yogic concepts where aspects of the human body, some physical and others more subtle, are mapped onto aspects of the cosmos. This arcane symbolism is outside the scope of the present book, so we may simply interpret this siddhi as clairvoyance of macroscopic objects and systems.
Siddhi III.27–28. Knowledge of the inner universe, resulting from samyama on the lunar or chandra principle, or the “pole star.” As with the previous siddhi, to avoid diverting our attention to esoteric lore that is not within the capacity of science to evaluate, we will interpret this as clairvoyance of microscopic objects and systems.
Siddhi III.29. Knowledge of the composition and coordination of bodily energies, through samyama on the navel chakra or manipura chakra. This siddhi may be interpreted as an exceptional mind- body connection, or as a self- healing ability.
Siddhi III.30. Liberation from hunger and thirst, through samyama on the throat.
This siddhi is known as inedia within the Catholic tradition, or more popularly as breatharianism (living on breath alone, without food, and in extreme cases, without water).
Siddhi III.31. Exceptional stability, balance, or health, through samyama on the kurma nadi, the root of the tongue. This siddhi refers to mind-body knowledge leading to exceptional health or self-healing.
Siddhi III.32–36. Vision of higher beings, knowledge of everything that is knowable, knowing of the origins of all things, knowledge of the true self, through samyama on the crown of the head, intuition, the spiritual heart, the self, or the nature of existence. These siddhis are forms of refined clairvoyance.
Siddhi III.37. Siddhis may appear to be supernormal, but they are normal. This is not a description of a siddhi, but rather a caution to avoid regarding or attaining the siddhis as unnatural or supernormal, as that could become a distraction to sustaining and deepening samadhi.
Siddhi III.38. Influencing others. This siddhi suggests that a highly realized yogi who is adept with the previously described siddhis can not only know about others, but also influence them. This is related to the concept of shaktipat, the ability to transmit spiritual energy to others through one’s gaze or presence. In laboratory jargon, this phenomenon is known as “distant mental interactions with living systems.” It may be interpreted as a sort of field effect due to the rarified mental state that the yogi embodies, which acts like a radiating beacon that influences everyone in the vicinity. This siddhi is also related to a sutra described in the second book of the Yoga Sutras, Sadhana Pada. The translation of Sutra II.35 reads: “In the presence of one firmly established in nonviolence, all hostilities cease.”
Siddhi III.39 and 42. Levitation, through samyama on the feeling of lightness.
This siddhi is said to allow the yogi to float, hover, fly, or walk on water. It could be interpreted as a highly advanced form of psychokinesis.
Siddhi III.40. Blazing radiance, through samyama on “inner fire,” or inner energy. This has been interpreted in several ways, as possession of exceptional charisma, as an exceptional digestive ability that would allow one to eat huge amounts of food or withstand toxic substances without harm, or as exceptional control of bodily energies. We will interpret it as an exceptional form of mind- body control.
Siddhi III.41. Clairaudience, through samyama on the area behind the ear. This siddhi allows one to hear the “conversations of the enlightened ones, the subtle mental conversations of others, the celestial music, and receive messages through the ether both awake or while asleep, as if they were spoken or whispered whether or not they exist through the medium of sound waves as such.” In other words, this is a refined form of clairvoyance or clairaudience.
Siddhi III.43. Freedom from bodily awareness and temporal attachments. This could be interpreted as a state of perception from out- of- the- body, or as a form of clairvoyance.
Siddhi III.44–45. Mastery over the elements, through samyama on the elements, enabling manipulation of matter, including the size, appearance, and condition of the body. Variations of these abilities include the fulfillment of any desire, or to create or destroy material manifestations; a highly refined version of psychokinesis.
Siddhi III.46. Perfection of the body. This could be interpreted as a melding of exceptional mind-body control combined with psychokinesis. It would manifest in extreme cases as indefinite life extension, as incorruption of the body after physical death, perhaps as the “rainbow body” in Tibetan tradition, in which the corpse does not decay but rather slowly fades away and turns into colored lights.
This list covers Patanjali’s classic siddhis; many other variations of these superpowers can be found in mystical texts from other traditions. They include bilocation (the ability to simultaneously appear in more than one location); the ability to move very fast or cover great distances in a short time; the ability to stay comfortably warm in extremely cold temperatures; the ability to suspend breathing or to hibernate indefinitely; the ability to bestow siddhis to others; the ability not to be harmed by fire; and the ability to change the weather.
Before we begin our scientific examination of the siddhis, it is noteworthy that Patanjali and others specifically highlighted the dangers of dwelling on the siddhis. Patanjali states in Sutra III.51 a warning that may be translated as: | <urn:uuid:b48369f1-ce9a-4dc8-a88e-6dcfd669b6f7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://peterhorttanainen.com/attaining-the-siddhis-25-superhuman-powers-you-can-gain-through-practicing-yoga-and-meditation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.934023 | 2,967 | 2.25 | 2 |
The earth brought forth vegetation, plants yielding seed according to their own kinds, and trees bearing fruit in which is their seed, each according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. — Genesis 1:11-12
I am the vine, you are the branches. He who abides in me, and I in him, he it is that bears much fruit, for apart from me you can do nothing. — John 15:5
Are grapes gathered from thorns, or figs from thistles? So, every sound tree bears good fruit, but the bad tree bears evil fruit. A sound tree cannot bear evil fruit, nor can a bad tree bear good fruit. — Matthew 7:16-18
Add such examples as the gardens at Eden and Gethsemane to the passages listed above, and there’s no shortage of biblical references to gardening. With that in mind, a children’s garden has been instituted at Holy Cross Church in Tompkins County.
The fledgling garden is located on the north side of the church, 375 S. George Road, Freeville/Dryden. It was launched with a spirited planting session held in the late afternoon and early evening of June 8.
Staff provided seeds, plants, flowers and garden tools, and participants brought many of their own items as well. Among the garden’s initial inventory are marigolds, petunias, sunflowers and salvia plants. It also includes such vegetables as tomatoes, lettuce, spaghetti squash and green beans. In addition, three flowering trees were planted to link with the three-cross display in front of Holy Cross Church.
This is one garden that certainly didn’t need any watering in its infant stages. In fact, the launching was postponed by five days due to a raw, cold downpour on the originally scheduled date of June 3. Lacy Park, religious-education coordinator, said there was “a pretty good turnout” of approximately eight or nine families on the makeup date — even though it was raining then as well.
The children’s garden was the idea of Dianne Kimmich, a Holy Cross parishioner.
“This project is intended to give the children the ‘roots’ of belonging to a community as well as a sense of pride in their accomplishments,” she explained.
“I thought was a very nice idea. Certainly you can draw some analogies between growing a garden and growing God’s love, and reaping what you sow and the whole bit. That ties in very well with a community of believers,” added Barbara Finney, a Holy Cross parishioner who was on hand June 8 with her daughter Elizabeth, 9, and son Kevin, 8.
Participants combined work with fun during the planting session. For instance, Park said she got children motivated to plant green beans by claiming they were magic beans. Finney also noted that Anne-Marie Brogan, pastoral associate, spoke of making a big salad from the lettuce they were planting — to which her daughter responded by asking if the church had any Caesar dressing.
Finney observed that working in a group atmosphere helps young people who weren’t necessarily born with a green thumb.
“I think they have good intentions. They want to help, but it’s ‘OK, you put it in the ground and that’s that.’ You forget you have to attend to it on a daily basis. I think my son would rather just play in the dirt,” she said. On the other hand, with the garden at Holy Cross, both her children appear “interested and happy to go back again.”
As the garden grows, organizers hope participation does as well. They invite any families who were unable to attend on June 8 to contribute as time goes on.
“It is a big garden and a work in progress. It’s going to take a couple of seasons to get it the way we have envisioned,” Park said.
Future plans, she added, are to develop a meditation area and hold religious-education classes at the garden, and for students to continue planting more items in the years to come.
“I hope this helps the children feel ever more strongly that this is their church and that they have a role in its care and nurturing. It would be good if that sense continued into their adulthood,” Brogan remarked.
She said she hopes for teaching moments to emerge from the garden experience, saying it “could also provide us with some good metaphors as we try to explain the power of God’s word and the growth of God’s kingdom in our religious-education programs.” | <urn:uuid:bf7d7c9d-3165-4c19-ba87-c35a3dcc6bad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://catholiccourier.com/articles/garden-helps-kids-grow-faith/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.979899 | 981 | 2 | 2 |
The cause of a code P0302 becoming stored in your own OBD II automobile is the fact that powertrain control component (PCM) features recognized a specific cylinder misfire. A P0302 especially applies to the amount 2 cylinder. Consult a dependable car ideas source for the positioning on the number 2 tube your car at issue.
This laws are as a result of a gasoline delivery difficulty, extreme vacuum problem, a fatigue gas recirculation (EGR) breakdown, or physical engine failure, it is most often the result of an ignition program defect causing a low or no spark disease.
The PCM recognizes the position from the crankshaft and camshaft and starts the current signal needed to result in a high-intensity spark from ignition coil
Virtually all OBD II furnished automobiles use a distributor-less, coil-over-plug (COP), high-intensity spark, ignition system. (more…) | <urn:uuid:e1cfcffd-5840-4218-90bd-8195f687229a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sorinaoptics.com/category/aurora-escort-radar-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.871961 | 192 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Why You Can't Pull A Mark Cuban
As soon as humans developed language, they probably also learned how to swear. Swearing exists in most cultures and languages, and is taboo in the vast majority of them. But men often seem incapable of removing swearwords from their lexicon. Case in point: Mark Cuban's choice of words during ESPN's interview with him Sunday night.
After dropping the S-bomb, he follows up with, "Literally, that's the only way you can say it." Well, Cuban, we beg to differ.
Sure, swearing has its uses; it emphasizes points and emotional expressions well, and it can be used for comic or dramatic effect. Some studies have even shown that a swearword can physically reduce pain, like when you stub your toe.
But since these uses are most effective in moderation, when did using a swearword in every other sentence become acceptable?
It’s time to stop swearing in everyday conversation. There are reasons these words are designated as taboo. These reasons haven’t changed, so here is a little reminder of the damage overuse can do.
It’s adolescentRemember how when you were a teenager, swearing was an act of rebellion? It probably helped you fit in with the cool crowd, protected you from ridicule by peers and was maybe even a crude attempt to impress girls. Newsflash: You aren’t an adolescent anymore. Swearing doesn’t make you more attractive to women, and it doesn’t make you look cool.
You’re a man now, and that should mean that swearing is off the agenda. Just because the “cool” guy in sales swears does not mean you should return to the playground and copy him. Are you a man who knows who he is or just a kid playing grown-up? Be a man and know that you don’t need to swear to be popular. Just stop swearing.
It makes you look stupidWe can accept that a judiciously used swearword can be effective, and the etymology of swearwords is fascinating, but frankly, if your first recourse in communication is to rely on an expletive, you have a fundamental inability to express yourself well. Language is so rich, with such a diverse choice of words for any situation, that for every swearword you could use there are probably hundreds of more appropriate words available. These can range from the esoteric to the very simple. Stop swearing and improve your vocabulary.
More ways that swearing can ruin your reputation... | <urn:uuid:334f8aa1-7ec4-40b4-a7e9-fc50c1238c95> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.askmen.com/entertainment/austin_400/493_stop-swearing.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.967116 | 525 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Hillsborough County residents warned to beware of Red Tide health risks
Red tide has made its way into Tampa Bay.
Residents are urged to take precautions to minimize health-related effects of the naturally occurring algae that periodically affects coastal waterways and beaches.
Red tide, the cause of which remains somewhat mysterious, can irritate eyes, noses, and throats. Exposure to airborne particles of the microscopic algae can cause coughing and sneezing. Symptoms are more severe among people with respiratory conditions such as asthma.
Florida's Department of Health recommends:
Don't touch or swim near dead fish.
Wear shoes to prevent injuries from stepping on fish carcasses.
Keep pets away from water, sea spray, and dead fish affected by red tide.
Don't harvest or eat shellfish in affected areas where they normally are considered safe to consume.
When possible, stay away from water bodies and beaches where red tide or fish killed by the toxic algae is present.
Generally, any encounter with red tide is an unpleasant experience best avoided. Symptoms usually subside or go away entirely when a person enters an air-conditioned building or leaves an area affected by the toxin.
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission map showing water in and around Tampa Bay where researchers have collected samples of red tide, and the samples' severity. The Commission has an online fact sheet with information about red tide and its effects.
Hillsborough County is monitoring local beaches and nature preserves adjacent to Tampa Bay for any red tide effects. It also is coordinating with other public agencies.
There have been sightings of dead fish washing ashore in areas around Tampa Bay, including in Hillsborough County. The County will dispose of dead fish that wash up on county-owned beaches but not on private property.
If there are dead fish on your private property that you wish to dispose of immediately, it is advised that you double-bag the dead fish using gloves and wearing a mask and dispose of them in the gray garbage cart.
Collected dead fish that have been double-bagged can also be taken to the
South County Community Collection Center at 13000 U.S. 41 in Gibsonton from 7:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Saturday for proper disposal. Residents must show a valid photo ID. Disposed dead fish will not count against annual residential disposal limits. Commercial businesses are not permitted to dispose of dead fish at this site. | <urn:uuid:2debf7be-cb8b-4ff6-bb8d-4cd99c1c57bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tampabay.wateratlas.usf.edu/news/details/20193/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.942605 | 499 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Majungatholus atopus, or popularly known as Majungasaurus was a meat-eating dinosaur, a therapod. It was up to 30 feet (9.1 m) long and was at the top of the food chain in its locale. It probably ate sauropods, long-necked plant-eaters and other large dinosaurs.
Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis is a theropod dinosaur from the early Late Cretaceous of Morocco,Closely related to the second tribe of the famous, Spinosaurus, Spinosaurus Morrocanus.
Megalosaurus was a large, meat-eating dinosaur that were closely related to Giganotosaurus and Carcharodontosaurus.
Tyrannotitan was a Carcharodontosaurid, closely related to Acrocanthosaurus, Giganotosaurus, Carcharodontosaurus as well as Mapusaurus. It was a carnivorous dinosaur that lived in the early Cretaceous […]
The T-Rex roamed on this earth in the late Cretaceous era, 68-66 million years ago. Its fossils were found in Canada & USA. It weighed 7000kg and used to be 6m tall. | <urn:uuid:d27be172-e252-4dbc-8888-d73238adc00e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://dinorover.debashish.com/classification/therapods/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.955917 | 258 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Hi everyone, so I instally MineOS on an old laptop I had (intel core 2 duo, 4gb ram, 120gb ssd, mobile Intel ® 4 Series Express Chipset Family gpu) I have no problems joining it with the localhost, but if I test the public ip on the same computer I use to run minecraft or on a friend’s computer it doesn’t work
sounds like port forward hasnt been setup in your router.
I am guessin gyou mean LAN here. please use a service like “whatismyip.com” to check that you are using you external IP, and not your interlan IP when trying to access externaly.
Please also check that you have configured your internet router to port forward your connection from external address to internal (LAN) address.
By that I meant that if I try to connect to the server on my connection with the external IP it says it’s offline
Writing this part about 10 minutes after the part above, I was checking the external IP again via the “curl ipinfo.io/ip” on the machine running MineOS and apparently I didn’t realize the IP changed, which I’m happy it did, because if it works now then my theory on why it wasn’t working was correct, because until yesterday the IP was 22.214.171.124 which was identical to the IP on my other laptop to which I play Minecraft on, and my theory was that due to the same ip even after port forward it would try to connect me to the wrong machine give me a couple minutes to test my theory
Also am I supposed to Port forward the 192.168.1.8 (web ui ip) or the public ip?
You have to port forward from the public IP to the WebUI IP.
For an explanation of how NAT and port forwarding work, and why we need it see this answer on this thread:
Port forward is setup, I’ve checked it multiple times yesterday when trying to fix this http://imgur.com/a/aWUC2UL also I’ve noticed that both the laptop I play on and the laptop I installed mineos on give me the same IP, is that normal?
Nope, they need to be on separate IP adresses
Well how do I fix it then?
Turnkey linux is a stripped down and streamlined debian linux. Debian and Ubuntu shares a lot of codebase, and thus shares a lot of its commands. . This mean any online howto about changing or setting a static IP will work:
When I try to access /etc/network/interfaces.d/* it says “no such file or directory”
Turns out I have a dynamic IP from the ISP so regardless of what I put, whenever the router reboots or the wifi goes down for a bit the public IP changes
Its not if your wifi goes down, its only if you lose access to the internet portion of your ISP connection.
Wifi is usually used to described your internal network access without wires.
That is why I use a dynamic DNS service so that if/when my ip changes, it will update within about 10 minutes. Noip and DynDNS are ones I have some experience with. | <urn:uuid:615c3ee5-1ed1-49fc-8292-618309116c68> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://discourse.codeemo.com/t/cant-access-server-even-after-port-forward/3178/6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.929409 | 691 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Do you know how to play mahjong? I don’t, but I can tell you that The Joy Luck Club is structured similarly to the game, four parts with four chapters apiece to create sixteen interlocking stories. Granted, I only know that because I looked it up, but it’s a start, wouldn’t you say?
The stories revolve around eight women: four Chinese mothers, and their four American(ised) daughters. These immigrant families all came, from their various points of origin, to San Francisco, where they met at the First Chinese Baptist Church. Suyuan Woo is the founding member of what they call The Joy Luck Club (for which the book gets its name). It’s a regular appointment to play mahjong, feast on good food, share stories and celebrate being alive (and, later, play the stockmarket).
In the first section, we learn that Suyuan Woo has sadly passed away, and her daughter Jing-Mei Woo is taking her place at the mahjong table. She was once the wife of an officer, forced to flee her Kweilin home during WWII and abandon her twin daughters along the way. The three other mothers in The Joy Luck Club have equally sad stories. They’re all around the same theme, too: life is hard, tradition is good (except when it sucks), and kids are ungrateful.
The only narrative propulsion throughout The Joy Luck Club, really, is Jing-Mei Woo’s attempt to find the twin daughters her mother was forced to abandon decades prior. The other ladies of the club had a letter confirming that they were alive and safe, but they don’t yet know that their mother is dead.
So, eight stories, for each of the eight women. It was hard to place the stories as you were reading them. Aside from the respective character’s name at the beginning of “their” chapter, I found myself relying heavily on context clues to work out when and where each story was taking place (and how it connected to the other stories in The Joy Luck Club, though I’ll happily admit that sometimes that thread eluded me).
I won’t pretend to be any kind of expert on China (or Chinese culture, Chinese language, Chinese tradition, the Chinese diaspora, Chinese medicine, or even Chinese food), so all I’m relying on is my gut feeling in saying this… but the stories in The Joy Luck Club felt OFF, in the way Tan depicted them. I struggle to put my finger on exactly why, but something about the characters and their lives on the page just didn’t feel authentic.
I read, after finishing the book, that although The Joy Luck Club sold well and was very popular with many readers, there were a number of critics who reproached Tan for perpetuating racist stereotypes about Chinese Americans. Frank Chin, one of the pioneers of Chinese American literature, attributed The Joy Luck Club‘s popularity to this pandering approach; according to him, depicting Chinese culture as “backwards, cruel, and misogynistic” guaranteed that the book would be received well by mainstream America. He also criticised Tan’s invention of Chinese “folk tales” for the book, calling them “Confucian culture as seen through the interchangeable Chinese/Japanese/Korean/Vietnamese mix (depending which is the yellow enemy of the moment) of Hollywood”. Zing!
The mother/daughter relationships are well fleshed out, though – complex and multifaceted, an impression enhanced by the alternating generational accounts in the book’s structure. It’s a commendable representation of the search for identity and inherited trauma. Critics praised this aspect of The Joy Luck Club, with Nancy Willard saying: “Amy Tan’s special accomplishment in this novel is not her ability to show us how mothers and daughters hurt each other, but how they ultimately forgive each other.”
And, ultimately, I liked the philosophy of the club itself, the Joy Luck Club – making a space in one’s life to be deliberately, determinedly happy, even when the world is falling to shit. We could all use a bit of that, couldn’t we? Unfortunately, the titular club only really appears in the first couple of chapters of The Joy Luck Club; it’s barely mentioned after that.
All told, The Joy Luck Club wasn’t really what I was expecting. It was fine, I’m sure some find it deep and impactful, but it’s not one I’ll be thrusting into your hands or re-reading myself. In fact, I think reading the opening chapter as a short story by itself would make it much more powerful, so maybe give that a go instead.
My favourite Amazon reviews of The Joy Luck Club:
- “This isn’t advice on how to raise children.” – Lok An
- “The kindle version sucks. You can’t even burn it for warmth.” – NYAAH!
- “This book is the absolutely worst ever. The Dr. Seuss books are better than this. Amy Tan needs to step up her game because this was a joke. Some of these stories makes no sense and you can tell that Amy Tan was high while making this book. Needs to be banned from every bookstore around the world including Antarctica and North Korea. The Bible is miles better than this s***.” – Hans Guzman
- “If you don’t know any Asian American people, you will love this book.” – nico | <urn:uuid:912a392a-6d3d-40c0-b554-efe52da82943> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://keepingupwiththepenguins.com/the-joy-luck-club-amy-tan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.967636 | 1,184 | 1.601563 | 2 |
MAC Address or Media Access Control Address is a unique address just like the IP Address that is used for the identification of connected devices. Every device that is connected to your home network has a unique MAC address. You can allow or block the access of a device if you know its MAC Address. You can find out the MAC Address of your device and also the connected devices from the Admin Panel of the router.
How To Find MAC Address?
To find out the MAC Address of your device, follow these steps:
- Open Command Prompt or type “cmd” in the search box and press Enter.
- A command window will be displayed.
- Type ipconfig /all and press Enter.
- Different results will show up including the Physical Address. The Physical Address is the MAC Address of your device.
- Go to Apple Icon > System Preferences > Network.
- Select the name of the connection from the left sidebar.
- Click on the Advanced button.
- A WiFi Address or Airport Address will be displayed. This is the MAC Address of your macOS device.
- Launch the terminal.
- In the terminal, type ifconfig.
- The MAC Address of your device will be displayed.
- Go to Settings > General > About.
- A Wi-Fi Address will be displayed. This will be the MAC Address of your iOS device.
- Go to Settings > About Device > Status.
- A Wi-Fi Address or Wi-Fi MAC Address will be displayed. | <urn:uuid:ac85328f-d477-426d-8e05-504e5a23dc31> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://routerlogin.dev/how-to-find-mac-address/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.822583 | 325 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Adobe Stock / mbruxelle
Danica Roem, a former journalist who won a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates, made history as the first-ever openly transgender state legislator in the U.S. The 33-year-old Democrat, who hails from Manassas, was up against Bob Marshall (R), 73, who had held the seat since 1992 and has consistently attempted to restrict the rights of the LGBT community. In fact, Marshall has deemed himself Virginia’s “chief homophobe,” he’s refused to refer to Roem using female pronouns, and he’s authored a failed “bathroom bill” that aimed to require people to use bathrooms based on their gender at birth.
Needless to say, even though Marshall refused to engage in debates with Roem during the campaign, the race garnered national attention.
Meanwhile, Vi Lyles, 66, was elected as the first African American woman mayor in Charlotte. After defeating incumbent Democrat Jennifer Roberts and state Sen. Joel Ford in the primary, Lyles, who’s served two terms on council, beat Councilmember Kenny Smith (R) on Tuesday.
And in Seattle, Jenny Durkan (D) also celebrated an important victory, becoming the city’s first female mayor since 1926. After a contentious primary race, Durkan ultimately beat Cary Moon, earning 61 percent of the vote as of Tuesday night.
© 2022 Fairygodboss | <urn:uuid:3d6b8f4b-5267-486b-8371-bfe7f9210ac9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fairygodboss.com/articles/first-transgender-state-legislator-danica-roem | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.972282 | 309 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Exclusive: Iraqi scientist says he helped ISIS make chemical weapons – The Washington Post22 Gennaio 2019
The former Iraqi official, in a prison interview, says the Islamic State recruited experts for a secret program to make mustard gas. Some are believed to be still at large.
IRBIL, Iraq — In the weeks after his city fell to the Islamic State, Iraqi scientist Suleiman al-Afari sat in his deserted government office and waited for the day when the terrorists would show up.
The black-clad militants who had seized Mosul in 2014 were making their way through each of its bureaucracies, rounding up workers and managers who had not yet fled the city and pressing them into service. When his turn came, Afari, then a 49-year-old geologist with Iraq’s Ministry of Industry and Minerals, hoped his new bosses would simply let him keep his job. To his surprise, they offered him a new one:
Help us make chemical weapons, the Islamic State’s emissaries said.
Afari knew little about the subject, but he accepted the assignment. And so began his 15-month stint supervising the manufacture of lethal toxins for the world’s deadliest terrorist group.
“Do I regret it? I don’t know if I’d use that word,” said Afari, who was captured by U.S. and Kurdish soldiers in 2016 and is now a prisoner in Irbil, the capital of Iraq’s semiautonomous Kurdish region. He frowned, his fingers flicking a gray-stubbled cheek.
“They had become the government and we now worked for them,” he said. “We wanted to work so we could get paid.”
Afari, who is 52 now and on death row, recounted his recruitment and life under the Islamic State in a rare interview inside the fortresslike headquarters of the Kurdistan Regional Government’s Counterterrorism Department. An affable, neatly groomed man, Afari is among the few known participants in the Islamic State’s chemical weapons program to be captured alive.
He described in matter-of-fact detail the terrorist group’s successful attempts to make sulfur mustard — a first-generation chemical weapon that inflicted tens of thousands of casualties during World War I — as part of an ambitious, little-understood effort to create novel weapons and delivery systems to defend the Islamic State’s territory and terrorize its opponents. His account was confirmed and augmented by U.S. and Kurdish officials who participated in missions to destroy the Islamic State’s weapons plants and to kill or capture its senior leaders.
The stories shed new light on a chemical weapons project that was unique in the history of modern terrorist groups, with university laboratories and manufacturing facilities and a cadre of scientists and technicians. Weapons created by the Islamic State were used in scores of attacks on soldiers and civilians in Iraq and Syria, collectively inflicting hundreds of casualties, U.S. and Iraqi officials say.
Progress on the program appears to have stalled in early 2016, after U.S. and Iraqi leaders launched an aggressive campaign to destroy production facilities and kill or capture its leaders. Yet, the threat has not been entirely erased. Islamic State leaders moved equipment and perhaps chemicals from Iraq to Syria in 2016, Iraqi officials say, and some of it may have been buried or hidden.
Moreover, the knowledge and skills acquired from Afari and other veterans of the program undoubtedly still exist, tucked away in computer files, flash drives and in the memories of the surviving participants who scattered as the group’s self-proclaimed caliphate collapsed, Western officials and terrorism experts said.
“There are jihadists all over the world who will have access on the dark Web to all this stuff,” said Hamish de Bretton-Gordon, a chemical weapons expert who led rapid-response teams for the British army and NATO.
“The world’s ultimate terrorist organization,” de Bretton-Gordon said, “remains very interested in the ultimate terrorist weapon.”Job offer from ISIS
The terrorist army blasted into Mosul in June 2014 with the suddenness of a sandstorm. In six days, a force of 1,500 Islamic State fighters defeated an Iraqi troop garrison that was at least 15 times larger, seizing the airport and surrounding military bases and sending half a million civilians fleeing. Thousands of Iraqi troops shed their uniforms and tried to escape, only to be rounded up and slaughtered by the assailants.
Afari rode out the invasion in his home, listening to news reports and the sounds of fighting. Finally, it was quiet again, and citizens of Iraq’s second-largest city ventured outside to find black flags fluttering in the main square and terrorists running the police stations and government ministries.
At first, most Iraqi government employees stayed home, their salaries continuing to show up automatically in their bank accounts. But when the payments stopped, many were left with a choice of either working for the Islamic State’s newly proclaimed caliphate, or doing without. For his part, Afari decided to go back to his office and claim his desk and job title before someone else took them.
“They didn’t force anyone,” Afari said, recounting his decision during a 45-minute interview in a reception room at Irbil’s Counterterrorism Department, as two Kurdish officials looked on. “I was afraid that I would lose my job. Government jobs are hard to get, and it was important to hang on to it.”
Mosul’s new rulers were inevitably drawn to Afari’s Ministry of Industries and Minerals as a gateway to northern Iraq’s factories, mines and oil infrastructure — assets of immense value to an organization that was less interested in governing than in enriching itself and expanding its military capability. Soon, the city’s machine shops were put to work building sophisticated roadside bombs strong enough to destroy tanks, and armor-plated suicide vehicles designed to crash through enemy fortifications before detonating.
Afari was in charge of acquisitions in the ministry’s metallurgical division, a unit that held special appeal for the terrorists. In the interview, he described how Islamic State officials visited his office a few weeks into the occupation and presented him with a new assignment and a procurement list of specialized metal equipment that he was to find and assemble. Included on the list were stainless-steel tanks, pipes, valves and tubes, all designed to withstand corrosive chemicals and high temperatures.
How the tanks were to be used was implicitly clear, Afari said. Any lingering doubt was removed when the geologist was partnered with other scientists and experts — chemists, a biologist and at least one technician who had worked inside the weapons program of former Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein. Together, he said, the team was tasked with making sulfur mustard, a powerful chemical-warfare agent commonly known as mustard gas. A blister agent that killed or maimed tens of thousands of soldiers during World War I, sulfur mustard attacks the bronchial tubes of the lungs when inhaled, often causing a slow and agonizing death.
Afari’s role, he acknowledged in the interview, was to organize a supply chain for mustard gas, outfitting a small cluster of labs and workshops that stretched from Mosul University to the suburbs. From his conversations with Islamic State overseers, he became convinced that the toxins were intended more to evoke fear and deter Iraqis from trying to retake territory that had been seized by the caliphate. Many Iraqis can still remember the suffering caused by Iraqi chemical attacks on Kurds in the 1980s.
“It was important [for the Islamic State] to make something strong so that they could terrify,” Afari said. “It was more about creating horror, and affecting the psychology and the morale of troops fighting them. I don’t believe the quality of the weapons was ever at such a dangerous level.”
The job itself was similar in many ways to his work as a manager for the Iraqi government, Afari said.
“They came to me for help with the equipment: the containers, the things they needed for chemical weapons,” he said. “I have experience with stainless steel, and they were looking for stainless steel. You have no choice but to become one of them.”Startling new weapons
On Aug. 11, 2015 — exactly 14 months after the black flags were raised over Mosul — Islamic State militants lobbed 50 mortar rounds at a village held by Kurdish peshmerga fighters south of Irbil. The projectiles exploded with a soft thud and released white smoke and an oily liquid. Within minutes, about three dozen peshmerga soldiers fell ill, complaining of nausea and burning eyes and lungs. Two officers who were splattered by the liquid developed painful blisters on their legs and torsos.
An initial laboratory test confirmed that the mortar shells contained sulfur mustard. A second test ruled out what had by then become conventional wisdom: that the Islamic State had stolen the toxins from Syria, or found them in discarded remnants of Iraq’s 1980s-era chemical weapons program.
It was not so. The molecular makeup of the Islamic State’s mustard gas strongly suggested that the toxins were homemade. They were also crude, lacking key ingredients that would prevent the toxins from degrading quickly upon exposure to the environment.
At the Pentagon and at the White House, the discovery stoked fears that the terrorist group was beginning to manufacture primitive chemical weapons, and might soon acquire more-sophisticated ones. Before the August 2015 attack, the militants had twice used chlorine — a common industrial chemical used in water purification — during battles with Iraqi Kurds. Now there was evidence that the Islamic State was experimenting with new poisons, and new delivery systems. Within months, chlorine and sulfur mustard were being hurtled at peshmerga troops in canisters, grenades, mortar shells and even artillery rockets.
Over the following months, the Obama administration and its Iraqi and Kurdish allies would launch a stealthy, yet aggressive, campaign to find and destroy the terrorists’ production centers and kill the program’s senior leaders. The task was complicated by the fact that the targets were mostly in urban centers near large civilian populations. Yet the White House viewed the elimination of the Islamic State’s chemical program as a top priority.
“It became a big deal,” said a now-retired U.S. participant in the campaign, speaking on the condition of anonymity to discuss the operation, parts of which remain classified. “We were looking for any kind of tips or clues that could lead us toward the sources of these weapons.”
In 2015 and 2016, at least two suspected Islamic State chemists were killed by U.S. forces. Then, production centers in Mosul and Hit, Iraq, were destroyed in carefully planned, precision airstrikes using special munitions designed to incinerate any chemical toxins or precursors that existed at the sites, according to two former U.S. officials familiar with the operations.
The retired official said the airstrikes forced the Islamic State to relocate production facilities in early 2016 and put its remaining scientists in hiding, slowing the progress of the chemical program. By then, the terrorist group was retreating on multiple fronts under the pressure of relentless air bombardments and ground offensives across western and northern Iraq.
Chemical weapons continued to be used by the Islamic State, which carried out 76 chemical attacks over three years, according to an October 2017 tabulation by Columb Strack, a senior Middle East analyst for Jane’s by IHS Markit. But the quality of the group’s mustard gas remained poor, U.S. officials say, suggesting that the terrorists never regained their momentum after the airstrikes of 2016.
Afari’s account appears to support this view. In February 2016, when he last visited, he saw a program in disarray, still lacking basic equipment and forced to use ill-trained workers because of the shortage of scientists.
“It was very primitive and simple,” Afari said of the facility, located in what he described as a former automobile repair shop. “There were uneducated people there who had none of the needed skills. I don’t think anything was being done properly.”Captured
On the day of the visit, Afari climbed into his car and began driving across the desert toward the Iraqi city of Tal Afar to visit his ailing mother. His every move was being watched.
U.S. intelligence operatives had managed to lock in on Afari’s cellphone signal, and they had monitored him for days, hoping for a chance to capture him alive. The Iraqi was driving along a desert highway, still deep inside Islamic State territory, when he noticed four approaching helicopters in his rearview mirror.
Two of the helicopters began trailing his car nearly at ground level, skimming along the dirt road and kicking up clouds of dust, while two others hovered just overhead. Then Afari heard the loud pop of bullets punching through his tires and smacking against the car’s engine block. The car stopped, and the scientist climbed out into a whirl of sand and rotor wash. A huge dog suddenly appeared from nowhere and seized him by the arm.
As he recounted the story, Afari rolled back a sleeve of his gray prison uniform to reveal a scar on his left arm — a legacy, he said, of his encounter with the military dog. He pointed to a smaller scar at a spot above his left ankle where he says a bullet fragment grazed his skin.
“I wasn’t afraid that they would kill me,” Afari said of the helmeted, heavily armored U.S. Special Operations forces who rushed him as he lay on the ground. “I never saw myself as an important figure. Anyway, at the moment, I was busy with the dog.”
One of the soldiers shoved a picture — an ID photo — in Afari’s face and asked in English if he was the man in the photograph. “Yes,” Afari replied. Then a bag was slipped over his head and he felt himself being dragged onto one of the helicopters. When the blinder was removed, he was surrounded by U.S. and Kurdish soldiers at an unknown Iraqi detention camp, many miles away.
Officials with the Kurdish Counterterrorism Department say Afari turned out to be an extraordinarily helpful captive, supplying names and locations of Islamic State chemical weapons facilities and the people who worked in them.
“We benefited quite a lot from his information, because he had access to all the sites,” said a senior officer with the Kurdish counterterrorism unit. The official, who participated in Afari’s debriefing, spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss intelligence collection. In the days that followed, he said, “bombs were dropped on a lot of places.”
Today, those bombings are credited with preventing the Islamic State from developing more-sophisticated toxins, U.S. officials and weapons experts say. Despite the group’s vast resources, its progress was effectively blunted, experts say.
“They just never became very good at it,” said Herbert Tinsley, a University of Maryland weapons expert who, along with colleagues Markus Binder and Jillian Quigley, produced an extensive profile of the Islamic State’s chemical weapons program for the Department of Homeland Security. “On a tactical level we could say they were effective in using chemical weapons to stymie the progress of the enemy. But on the strategic level they very much looked like amateurs.”
But other officials and experts say the Islamic State gained knowledge and practical skills that almost certainly survived the loss of the group’s territorial holdings in Iraq and Syria.
The Kurdish counterterrorism official who participated in Afari’s interrogation said the scientist described a mobile production unit for chemical weapons that was built on the trailer bed of a large truck. At least one such mobile lab was destroyed during airstrikes in Mosul, the official said, and it is not clear how many others, if any, were built.
It was after these bombings that surviving participants in the program scattered, he said.
“To be candid, some of these people have disappeared, and they remain hidden,” the official said. “We think they are in Syria. But we just don’t know.” | <urn:uuid:88757db9-c5a7-4647-ae27-03f13d9bebfe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nuovaresistenza.org/2019/01/exclusive-iraqi-scientist-says-he-helped-isis-make-chemical-weapons-the-washington-post/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.979193 | 3,419 | 2.203125 | 2 |
The origins of Bakelite trace back to 1907 when the Belgian-American chemist Dr. Leo Baekeland invented and patented the first breakthrough plastic. During the Art Deco period that coincided with the Great Depression, Bakelike emerged as an affordable option in novelty jewelry. With its retro look and wide color range, it is also considered an interesting collectible among art lovers. Artist Mario Rivoli was a leading American antiques dealer who built a huge collection of Bakelite jewelry and other novelty items. Bonhams’ upcoming auction will present items from Rivoli’s lifetime collection of Bakelite pieces.
A hinged bangle bracelet is a key highlight of the sale. At the 1984 Art Deco Show in Philadelphia, the multicolored bracelet sold for $250, a record price back then. Another significant lot includes seven sets of salt and pepper shakers in shades of red, yellow, and green. Four of them come with an undertray. A set of three black and cream laminated bangle bracelets is noteworthy for its striking color combination. A set of 16 bird-shaped napkin rings also leads the listings. The bird is a particularly sought-after motif in Bakelite collectibles due to its vintage appeal. To view the complete catalog and register to bid online, visit Bonhams.
Lot Categories:Jewelry (328)
# of Lots:328
Price Range:$300 - $3,000
Interesting lots include:
|Item Image||Item Name||Estimate|
|A Bakelite Multicolored Philadelphia Hinged Bangle Bracelet|| Estimate: |
|Seven Sets Of Bakelite Salt And Pepper Shakers|| Estimate: |
|Three Bakelite Black And Cream Laminated Bangle Bracelets|| Estimate: |
|Sixteen Bakelite Bird-Form Napkin Rings|| Estimate: |
|Three Pairs Of Bakelite Earrings|| Estimate: | | <urn:uuid:b4e2775b-d597-4a50-8252-4483893ece4e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://auctiondaily.com/auction-preview/bonhams-to-offer-mario-rivolis-lifetime-collection-of-retro-bakelite-items-by-bonhams-jan-2022/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.865139 | 402 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Stavanger Peninsula (Norwegian: Stavangerhalvøya) is a peninsula in Rogaland County, Norway. The peninsula is named for the city of Stavanger, located on its northeastern shore and it includes the most populous parts of the Greater Stavanger urban area. The peninsula extends from a line between the Sandnes harbour at the southern end of the Gandsfjorden straight west to the village of Ølbør in Sola municipality. This line runs just south of Stavanger Airport. The peninsula is delimited by the Gandsfjorden, Boknafjorden, Byfjorden, and the North Sea.
Stavanger Peninsula includes Randaberg municipality, as well as parts of Stavanger, Sandnes, and Sola municipalities.The name Stavanger Peninsula is occasionally used interchangeably with North Jæren (Norwegian: Nord-Jæren), but the former is a geographical region, while the latter is a political definition. | <urn:uuid:deb1e5ad-0c81-4649-ac59-f505bc3bec41> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dguideapp.com/guide/details/Stavanger%20Peninsula.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.945239 | 212 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Article updated July 15, 2022
A mixture of oxygen and hydrogen, water is one of life’s fundamental elements. Like every other living thing, plants require it. However, getting the timing and volume just right can definitely be a challenge. Here are a few watering recommendations that will help your garden thrive.
A Few Basics
There are several watering principles that almost always apply. For instance, when you re-pot a plant, be sure to water it. If you have a plant in a big pot, then it will become dry at a slower pace than plants that are growing in small pots. If you have your plants displayed in areas with an abundance of bright sunlight, then they’ll become dryer than plants that are in low light areas. High humidity levels in the air will keep the soil wetter longer than dry air.
Watering Depth Guidelines
Watering depth guidelines for plants depends on how big a plant is and its type. For instance, you’ll need to consider whether a plant is groundcover, a shrub or a tree. You will also need to make sure that a large tree has more water than the groundcover around it. The reason for this is that big trees have larger root zones than smaller greenery. To keep your plants healthy, try to wet the full root zone every time you water.
What Depths are Best for Plants?
In the plant world, there is a 1-2-3 watering rule to help gardeners remember how deep to water their plants. Annuals, groundcovers and cacti are considered small plants. Water them to a depth of 1 foot. Shrubs and bushes are medium sized plants, so plan to water these to a depth of 2 feet. Trees are large plants, and you should water them to a depth of 3 feet.
Measuring Water Depth
To see how deeply you’re watering your plants, a soil probe will give you the most accurate reading. Soil probes are specialized tools created just for the purpose of measuring your soil’s moisture, but a long screwdriver can also do the trick. To test the depth, slide the probe or the screwdriver down into your soil an hour after you’ve watered your plants. The probe or screwdriver will descend into wet soil smoothly, but when it reaches soil that is dry, it will be hard for you to send it down more. Continue watering your plants until it’s easy for you to press the soil probe down far enough to reach the proper watering depth.
What About Watering Width?
Once you have established plants, you’ll want to consider how far out you’re watering them. In most cases, a plant’s water-absorbing roots are close to the dripline. This is below the outer edge of its canopy and away from the plant’s stem or a tree’s trunk.
How to Use a Soaker Hose
A soaker hose is a great tool to help you water to the right depths. Soaker hoses are the perfect addition to your irrigation system because they allow water to seep out at a gradual pace - soaking the soil slowly rather than creating puddles on top of dry soil. Using a soaker technique will give your soil time to absorb the water.
Available at 25-foot, 50-foot, 75-foot and 100-foot lengths, soaker hoses can easily be wound through your flower beds or be placed around trees or shrubs. Soaker hoses offer the same benefits of a professional irrigation system, but because they’re easily moved, they’re a great adaptive solution for areas in your yard needing extra attention.
Considering the Seasons
In the summer when the sun is hotter and more intense, it’s advisable to water plants like succulents more often. Try to water them once every other week instead of once a month like you do during the other seasons. If you have ferns or tropical plants, give them water every week. These types of plants need their humidity levels to remain elevated when it gets hot. There are ferns that prefer their soil to stay moist, but don’t allow the soil to remain soaking wet. Try to keep it damp.
Trees also need more water in the hot months. During the spring and fall, it’s a good idea to water desert-adapted trees once every two weeks or once a month while in the summer, you’ll want to give them water every seven to 21 days. In the winter, you can extend it to once every 30 to 60 days.
For more general watering information, read the following articles: | <urn:uuid:7ff3842a-f659-459f-bb65-59ae8f5d9e83> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://swanhose.com/blogs/general-watering/how-deep-to-water-your-plants?_pos=1&_sid=f473f9770&_ss=r | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.942362 | 969 | 3.328125 | 3 |
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