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Unimaginably reliably awful some high-score English Certificate at School inside our United States government additionally had confines and arranging accreditations. A dash of these cases made the affiliation media, and passed on our central government emanates an impression of being delicate and neglectful. By and large, America government could not have really focused less on being duped or basically generally being made a catch with the mixed media or even in framework; exploration and arraignments usefully entwined. A huge load of our calling condition control about these materials recuperated a colossal reevaluate by at that point. Attempt to think about this. | <urn:uuid:6ee40b98-17be-450b-84d9-7f6bf08bced3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://rosettastonefineart.com/occupation-legislation-and-english-certificate-at-school-considered/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.966013 | 514 | 1.632813 | 2 |
A Novel Genetically Engineered Mouse Model for Angiosarcoma: Molecular Characterization and Comparison to Human Angiosarcoma to Develop Targeted Therapy
Angiosaroma is a rare and aggressive sarcoma of childhood and adults with a very poor overall survival of 25% at 5 years. No effective systemic therapy has been described for this disease. Little research has been done on this entity as very few preclinical models exist with which to study the disease. We have developed the first genetically engineered mouse model for angiosarcoma that incorporates some of the known driver mutations and pathways involved in tumorigenesis. The model is robust with complete penetrance and tumors arise predominantly in the skin, allowing for accurate temporal tracking of tumor progression. The model is therefore ideal for preclinical testing of novel therapeutic interventions. In fact, we have determined that combinations of targeted therapy directed against the mTor and Mek protein kinases can effectively and durably suppress tumor growth in our model. In order to translate our results to patients with angiosarcoma, we propose to conduct a comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic and immunohistochemical analysis of pediatric vascular tumors compared to our novel animal model. We hypothesize that interspecies comparison of mutations, gene expression patterns and pathway activation markers will identify a subset of patients with aggressive vascular tumors, such as angiosarcoma and lymphangiosarcoma, who will benefit the most from this combination of inhibitors. Our study will include whole-exome sequencing of a cohort of pediatric vascular tumors to look for driver mutations. This information will be compared to the limited published data from adult patients that suggest the involvement of PI3K and MAPK pathways in tumorigenesis. We will also generate gene expression profiles by RNASeq from pediatric and murine tumors. This data will be analyzed to determine how closely tumors arising in mice recapitulate the molecular phenotype of human tumors. We will also conduct pathway analysis of tumors by RNASeq as well as by immunostaining techniques (immunohistochemistry and western blotting) to determine the involvement of PI3K and MAPK pathways in the growth and survival of tumors. We anticipate that this study will lead to the development of a multi-institutional clinical trial for this population of patients for whom very few treatment options currently exist. | <urn:uuid:15d4cd25-22bb-41dc-95ab-ad426ab29392> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.curesarcoma.org/grant/a-novel-genetically-engineered-mouse-model-for-angiosarcoma-molecular-characterization-and-comparison-to-human-angiosarcoma-to-develop-targeted-therapy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.942756 | 470 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Bottom Up Approach Definition
The bottom up approach definition is when the investing involves picking out certain securities based on how the security is priced. Bottom up approach also involves looking at the potential return and risk associated.
Bottom Up Approach Explained
Unlike the top down approach, bottom up approach finance does not involve any asset allocation across industries or countries. It rather looks solely at the stock or debt and whether or not that particular security can provide a return. Bottom up approach management can contain several disadvantages because it ignores asset allocation. First, it is possible that an investor might invest solely in one industry. This is hardly a well diversified portfolio and the entire portfolio would fluctuate with that industry. Some bottom up approach advantages are that it does seek out the most attractive investment opportunities in the current marketplace.
Bottom Up Approach Example
Look at the following bottom up approach example. Dwight is looking to invest some money on hand in several securities that will provide him the best return. He decides that he would like to earn a return of 12% on the year with a deviation of 10%. He finds two securities that he believes will provide him this return. Stock A has an expected return of 14% and a standard deviation of 12%, and stock B with an expected return of 10% and a standard deviation of 8%. By combining these two stocks in a portfolio Dwight is able to earn the return he desires. It should be noted however that it is unclear whether these two stocks are in the same industry. If they were Dwight may be taking on more risk than the 10% of deviation he expects.
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Click here to learn more about SCFO Labs[/box] | <urn:uuid:72ffe06a-cd7b-4c07-a339-fe3caa97a37b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://strategiccfo.com/articles/investment-shareholders/bottom-up-approach/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.94235 | 405 | 2.390625 | 2 |
There are some differences between the way that R, SAS, SPSS, and Stata represented labelled data and missing values. While SAS, SPSS, and Stata share some obvious similarities, R is little different. This vignette explores the differences, and shows you how haven bridges the gap.
Base R has one data type that effectively maintains a mapping between integers and character labels: the factor. This however, is not the primary use of factors: they are instead designed to automatically generate useful contrasts for linear models. Factors differ from the labelled values provided by the other tools in important ways:
SPSS and SAS can label numeric and character values, not just integer values.
The value do not need to be exhaustive. It is common to label the special missing values (e.g.
.D= did not respond,
.N= not applicable), while leaving other values as is.
Value labels in SAS are a little different again. In SAS, labels are just special case of general formats. Formats include currencies and dates, but user-defined just assigns labels to individual values (including special missings value). Formats have names and existing independently of the variables they are associated with. You create a named format with
PROC FORMAT and then associated with variables in a
DATA step (the names of character formats thealways start with
To allow you to import labelled vectors into R, haven provides the S3 labelled class, created with
labelled(). This class allows you to associated arbitrary labels with numeric or character vectors:
x1 <- labelled( sample(1:5), c(Good = 1, Bad = 5) ) x1 #> <labelled<integer>> #> 2 5 4 3 1 #> #> Labels: #> value label #> 1 Good #> 5 Bad x2 <- labelled( c("M", "F", "F", "F", "M"), c(Male = "M", Female = "F") ) x2 #> <labelled<character>> #> M F F F M #> #> Labels: #> value label #> M Male #> F Female
The goal of haven is not to provide a labelled vector that you can use everywhere in your analysis. The goal is to provide an intermediate datastructure that you can convert into a regular R data frame. You can do this by either converting to a factor or stripping the labels:
as_factor(x1) #> 2 Bad 4 3 Good #> Levels: Good 2 3 4 Bad zap_labels(x1) #> 2 5 4 3 1 as_factor(x2) #> Male Female Female Female Male #> Levels: Female Male zap_labels(x2) #> "M" "F" "F" "F" "M"
See the documentation for
as_factor() for more options to control exactly what the factor uses for levels.
df <- tibble::data_frame(x1, x2, z = 1:5) #> Warning: `data_frame()` was deprecated in tibble 1.1.0. #> Please use `tibble()` instead. #> This warning is displayed once every 8 hours. #> Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was generated. df #> # A tibble: 5 × 3 #> x1 x2 z #> <int+lbl> <chr+lbl> <int> #> 1 2 M [Male] 1 #> 2 5 [Bad] F [Female] 2 #> 3 4 F [Female] 3 #> 4 3 F [Female] 4 #> 5 1 [Good] M [Male] 5 zap_labels(df) #> # A tibble: 5 × 3 #> x1 x2 z #> <int> <chr> <int> #> 1 2 M 1 #> 2 5 F 2 #> 3 4 F 3 #> 4 3 F 4 #> 5 1 M 5 as_factor(df) #> # A tibble: 5 × 3 #> x1 x2 z #> <fct> <fct> <int> #> 1 2 Male 1 #> 2 Bad Female 2 #> 3 4 Female 3 #> 4 3 Female 4 #> 5 Good Male 5
All three tools provide a global “system missing value” which is displayed as
.. This is roughly equivalent to R’s
NA, although neither Stata nor SAS propagate missingness in numeric comparisons: SAS treats the missing value as the smallest possible number (i.e.
-inf), and Stata treats it as the largest possible number (i.e.
Each tool also provides a mechanism for recording multiple types of missingness:
Stata has “extended” missing values,
SAS has “special” missing values,
SPSS has per-column “user” missing values. Each column can declare up to three distinct values or a range of values (plus one distinct value) that should be treated as missing.
Stata and SAS only support tagged missing values for numeric columns. SPSS supports up to three distinct values for character columns. Generally, operations involving a user-missing type return a system missing value.
Haven models these missing values in two different ways:
For SAS and Stata, haven provides “tagged” missing values which extend R’s regular
NAto add a single character label.
For SPSS, haven provides a subclass of
labelledthat also provides user defined values and ranges.
To support Stata’s extended and SAS’s special missing value, haven implements a tagged NA. It does this by taking advantage of the internal structure of a floating point NA. That allows these values to behave identical to NA in regular R operations, while still preserving the value of the tag.
The R interface for creating with tagged NAs is a little clunky because generally they’ll be created by haven for you. But you can create your own with
Note these tagged NAs behave identically to regular NAs, even when printing. To see their tags, use
print_tagged_na(x) #> 1 2 3 NA(a) NA(z) 3 2 1
is_tagged_na(x) #> FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE is_tagged_na(x, "a") #> FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE na_tag(x) #> NA NA NA "a" "z" NA NA NA
My expectation is that tagged missings are most often used in conjuction with labels (described below), so labelled vectors print the tags for you, and
as_factor() knows how to relabel:
SPSS’s user-defined values work differently to SAS and Stata. Each column can have either up to three distinct values that are considered as missing, or a range. Haven provides
labelled_spss() as a subclass of
labelled() to model these additional user-defined missings.
x1 <- labelled_spss(c(1:10, 99), c(Missing = 99), na_value = 99) x2 <- labelled_spss(c(1:10, 99), c(Missing = 99), na_range = c(90, Inf)) x1 #> <labelled_spss<double>> #> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 99 #> Missing values: 99 #> #> Labels: #> value label #> 99 Missing x2 #> <labelled_spss<double>> #> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 99 #> Missing range: [90, Inf] #> #> Labels: #> value label #> 99 Missing
These objects are somewhat dangerous to work with in R because most R functions don’t know those values are missing:
mean(x1) #> 14
Because of that danger, the default behaviour of
read_spss() is to return regular labelled objects where user-defined missing values have been converted to
NAs. To get
read_spss() to return
labelled_spss() objects, you’ll need to set
user_na = TRUE.
I’ve defined an
is.na() method so you can find them yourself:
is.na(x1) #> FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE
And the presence of that method does mean many functions with an
na.rm argument will work correctly:
mean(x1, na.rm = TRUE) #> 14
But generally you should either convert to a factor, convert to regular missing vaues, or strip the all the labels: | <urn:uuid:a754c18f-7936-4d6c-a8da-ed8454a592e3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://haven.tidyverse.org/articles/semantics.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.766825 | 1,997 | 3.296875 | 3 |
New research suggests such criticisms may miss the mark. In a forthcoming paper, Maria Escobar-Lemmon and Michelle Taylor-Robinson of Texas A&M University compare the experience and accomplishments of the men and women among 447 cabinet ministers in recent administrations in five countries in the Americas: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and the United States. Experience was measured by relevant academic background, previous cabinet posts and political connections; and success by the number of bills presented, length of tenure and whether a minister’s time in office ended with firing or forced resignation.
Treating the fair sex fairly
Female ministers are fewer than their male colleagues, but equally effective
“A TOKEN sprinkling of women,” is how Luciana Berger, a member of parliament for the opposition Labour Party, dismissed the recent British cabinet reshuffle, the avowed aim of which was to make the government less male. Similar cries of tokenism followed last year’s appointment of Julie Bishop as Australia’s foreign minister, which made her the sole woman in the country’s cabinet. Almost everywhere women are in a minority in government cabinets (see chart for a selection of countries). Some fret that they are treated as mere window-dressing, making the government look more representative but given neither meaningful portfolios nor the support needed to be effective.
If women were given unimportant portfolios or overlooked by the president, the authors reasoned, they would probably produce less legislation and be easier to get rid of than men. If they were appointed just for photo-ops in election years they would hold office for shorter spells. And if they were much less likely to succeed than men with similar credentials it would suggest that they were being treated as tokens, not taken seriously.
But this was not what the authors found. Although female ministers initiated fewer bills than comparable male ones, overall they were as likely to succeed. Nor was there much evidence of tokenism in individual countries among the five.
None of this is to say that female politicians are dealt a decent hand. Those who make it to cabinet seem to be treated fairly, but too few get the chance to build the skills and connections that are prerequisites for such jobs. And as the authors point out, their analysis says nothing about whether the women they studied were treated differently in cabinet meetings or by the media, or how female ministers fare in other countries. But it does suggest that the scarcity of women in senior political posts is more of a problem than tokenistic treatment of those who make it there.
This article appeared in the International section of the print edition under the headline "Treating the fair sex fairly"
From the August 9th 2014 edition
Discover stories from this section and more in the list of contentsExplore the edition
That will have dramatic effects on both Russia and on the exiles themselves
Denmark and the Netherlands hope technology and planning will bail them out
Investors and broadcasters are getting interested in women’s sport | <urn:uuid:a868ab40-e77f-4fca-89d4-e946a3d90fb0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.economist.com/international/2014/08/09/treating-the-fair-sex-fairly | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.976908 | 606 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Was the last re-drawing of Michigan’s political district maps so biased in Republicans’ favor, they were illegal?
That question literally went on trial Tuesday, with a three-judge panel in Detroit’s federal court hearing arguments for and against Michigan’s 2011 redistricting maps.
Democrats and the League of Women Voters took those maps to court. They claim that both quantitative research and insider emails show the state’s last redistricting was a conscious Republican gerrymander.
The plaintiffs call it a “secretive, intense effort” to dilute the power of Democratic votes, and cement Republican advantages after the GOP’s 2010 electoral wins.
Their first witnesses were League of Women Voters President Susan Smith, and George Washington University political scientist Christopher Warshaw.
Attorneys for the Republican defendants tried to chip away at their case for both the political consequences of the redistricting, and dispute the fact that there’s a mathematical basis for determining gerrymandering.
They also argue the federal district court has no jurisdiction to hear this case, because the U.S. Supreme Court has yet to decide on a constitutional standard for gerrymandering. On Monday, the Supreme Court shot down an effort to delay the case until the court hears gerrymandering cases from other states.
Jason Torchinsky is an attorney for some of the GOP defendants, which include both state legislators and congressional Republicans. He said the political map naturally favors Republicans, because Democratic voters tend to be packed into urban areas and “it becomes harder to translate those votes into proportionate seats.”
“Plaintiffs are really here because they have a political geography problem, and they’re looking for the courts to solve it,” said Torchinsky, who also said Democrats’ gains in more recent elections suggest there’s no real gerrymandering problem.
But Warshaw, the George Washington political scientist, said his research shows that while political geography changed negligibly between 2010 and 2012, Republicans picked up a demonstrable advantage when it came to translating votes into representation during those years.
The 2011 redistricting maps produced a “more extreme partisan advantage in Michigan, in all three chambers, than in almost any other state in history over the past 45 years,” Warshaw told the court.
Michigan Secretary of State Jocelyn Benson, a Democrat, is listed as one of the defendants—replacing the original primary defendant, former Republican Secretary of State Ruth Johnson.
Benson has said she agrees with the lawsuit, and her lawyer Jason Eldridge told the court Benson “does not plan to call witnesses or introduce evidence disputing gerrymandering.”
Benson does agree with the Republican defendants on one point, though. Since the judge's ruling has the potential to redraw Michigan’s political maps before the 2020 elections, Eldridge suggested they not redraw State Senate districts and require a 2020 special election for those seats—something Benson suggests would be unduly disruptive to state elections.
The trial is expected to last about a week.
What You Can Do
The Latest from the League
This past Election day, Michigan voters approved Proposals 2 and 3, creating an independent redistricting commission and expanding access to the polls.
The U.S. Supreme Court issued a big victory for citizen-led democracy. In a 5-4 decision in Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission, the Court found that voters can set up independent redistricting commissions. | <urn:uuid:36634c79-7100-45e9-9ea7-12f86dafffc2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lwv.org/newsroom/news-clips/michigan-public-radio-michigans-political-maps-go-trial-redistricting-lawsuit | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.952263 | 733 | 2.078125 | 2 |
In this section you will find research-based information and practical resources about constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) and other interventions and therapies for children with disabilities.
Learn about CIMT
Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is an intervention that has proven to be effective for improving motor skills in children with cerebral palsy. In this section you can find summaries about what CIMT is as well as other similar interventions, most frequently used assessments for this intervention, clinical guidelines developed by different rehabilitation centers, suggestions of activities and schedules to start a CIMT program, and centers offering this therapy in Canada.Learn more
Find Canadian rehabilitation centers offering CIMT programs in your province.Find programs | <urn:uuid:3ab062bc-46a1-4712-88f8-cc00c8c6aa51> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.childhooddisability.ca/therapies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.93653 | 154 | 2.796875 | 3 |
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We’re regularly asked the question “how to start a personal statement”? It’s a challenging task for anybody but worry not as we’re here to help guide you through the process.
The introduction is the first thing the admissions committee will read. That’s why the first sentence of a personal statement should be a catchy, attention-grabbing hook or story that grabs the reader’s attention and sets up the main point of your essay.
Related Read: How To Write A Great Personal Statement?
A lacklustre introduction may lose your readers’ interest, preventing them from reading the rest of your personal statement! But don’t worry, this article will guide you on how to start a personal statement. Without further ado, let’s get started.
Leave Your Introduction For Last
You know what they say, the hardest thing to do is start. So skip the introduction for now and focus on the main body of your personal statement.
Related Read: How To End A Personal Statement?
If you’re not sure what your main content should be, read *this*. It’s only after nailing down the main points that you’ll have a concrete idea of how to start a personal statement.
Go ahead and work on the rest of your personal statement. Come back when you’re finished!
Cut To The Chase
You only have 4,000 characters to sell yourself as an ideal student candidate. Make each character count!
That means forget about flowery words and directionless statements. Get straight to the point!
When you start your personal statement, explain your reason for choosing your course in one or two sentences. Although you will discuss this in-depth in the main body of content, it’s crucial to capture your reader’s attention with a quick overview of why you’re enthusiastic about your chosen course.
That’s why capturing the reader’s attention by jumping straight to the point is key to starting a personal statement.
When expressing why you want to pursue your course, never give vague details. “I always wanted to be an engineer since I was a kid,” or “I want to become a doctor because I enjoy science” isn’t advised.
Related Read: How To Write A Medical Personal Statement
We suggest being more specific than that. Here are a few suggestions that may help you:
- You witnessed an inspirational figure in your life solve a massive problem with a specific skill set (doctor, engineer, etc.)
- While you were at a charity event, you encountered a problem that kept people in deprivation. By pursuing this course, you’re a part of the solution.
- You’re good at, and you enjoy a specific skill set. The course you’re eyeing puts great emphasis on this particular skill.
- There was a moment in your life when you succeeded in solving a problem. You felt significant by doing so, and you want to keep doing that for the rest of your life (teaching poor children how to read)
- You watched a movie or read a book that ignited your passion for the course. After doing volunteer work or part-time employment related to your course, you’re determined to pursue it.
Craft a sentence or two that encapsulates the core of your “why.” Do this, and your reader will want to read more!
Demonstrate Knowledge In Your Chosen Course
An essential element of starting a personal statement is to express why you’re enthusiastic about taking your chosen course.
You need to demonstrate that you’re aware of what you’re getting yourself into in the process.
Answer any of these prompt questions for inspiration:
- What do you find interesting about the course?
- How do you believe the course will help you achieve your goals?
- How will you use your chosen course to contribute to society?
- What hurdles do you expect to encounter, and how will you handle them?
Decide which of these questions fit best into the main content of your personal statement. Write your answer in a sentence or two, and weave them into your application essay.
Ditch The “Since I Was A Child” Line
We’re often asked what not to put in a personal statement and “Since I was a child” is a cliche statement that gets thrown around haphazardly. How many students have said this at least once in their personal statements?
Recalling your childhood passions is a weak “why” for pursuing your course. Why? Because the admissions committee is looking for a relevant and up-to-date reason.
When you were little, you had zero knowledge of what it takes to become successful in your field. You had no idea what skillsets you needed or what other options were available to you.
But if you were to cite a recent event in your life that supports your determination to pursue your course, that screams “educated choice” right there. And that is what the admission committee is looking for on how to start a personal statement.
Brainstorm Several Versions Of Your Opening Lines
The desire to get how to start a personal statement right the first time paralyses you from starting. So permit yourself to go on a writing spree. Write as many versions of your opening lines as possible.
Don’t worry about the grammar, spelling, or character count just yet. Type everything that goes off the top of your head. When you’re done, take a look at your list.
Cross out the ones you dislike, and encircle the ones you think have potential. Then start piecing the puzzle pieces together to check out if the intro lines fit with the rest of your personal statement.
If you’ve encircled three potential opening statements, try reading them aloud together with the rest of your personal statement. Do they flow seamlessly into one another?
Make the necessary adjustments. Play around with it until you feel you’ve hit the spot.
Make Your Opening Statement Error Free
Your opening statement is your hook line. Spelling or grammatical errors at the start discourages your reader from reading any further. If you have errors at the beginning, you’ll most likely have them in your main content!
So make sure your English is simple, flawless, and straightforward. Run your personal statement through Grammarly to weed out most of the errors.
The Hemingway app is also a helpful tool to check for passive voice and other writing problems. Take advantage of writing assistant tools when you’re working on how to start a personal statement.
Read Examples Of Personal Statements
To better understand how you can stand out on how to start a personal statement, check out other personal statements. Read as much as you can with a critical eye.
If you come across opening statements that struck you, keep them in your notes. Figure out why these statements stood out to you compared to the others. What elements can you place in your personal statement?
When reading personal statements that put you off, find out why. What characteristics do they have that elicit a negative reaction from you? List them down, and make sure you avoid them.
After this exercise, you’ll have a more solid knowledge of how to start a personal statement.
Ask For Feedback
Never underestimate what feedback can give you. Approach your family, friends, and acquaintances and ask them about your opening statement.
Does your personality shine through? Is it straight to the point? Does it flow smoothly with the main content of your personal statement?
Listen to what they have to say. Jot down important points. You’ll need their feedback to improve on how to start a personal statement.
Give Yourself Time
Your chosen career depends on your college education. And a first crucial step is to convince the admission committee you’re worth accepting into your university.
You have to give your personal statement your best shot. Give yourself enough time to brainstorm and think over how to start a personal statement.
You can’t finish a complete, well-written personal statement in a week. Much less overnight! So make sure you set aside enough time to put your best foot forward. After finishing a complete draft of your personal statement, put it down.
Forget about it for a few days. Then come back and reread it.
With a fresh set of eyes, you’ll notice details you may not have seen before! Revise as much as you need. Feel free to repeat this step to further improve on how to start a personal statement.
How does one start a captivating personal statement? Take the time to think about what makes an effective introduction. Read examples of personal statements from other students to glean ideas for how yours might stand out.
Once you have read through some good ones–and they should be more than just two or three!–look closely at what elements made them so successful.
Then try applying those same principles on how to start a personal statement!
Don’t forget to bookmark this post for future reference! | <urn:uuid:64e9a600-6231-49d6-a73f-56a9cb0b4820> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.immerse.education/university/how-to-write-a-personal-statement/start/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.933519 | 1,931 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Who runs Snopes – other things to know
If you ever needed a fact check, chances are you’ve used Snopes. It’s one of the most popular websites that help people verify information on the internet. However, how much do you know about this wonderful website?
We’ll start by explaining basic details, such as the founder of Snopes. Then, we’ll explain how the fact-checking website does its job. More importantly, we’ll discuss how you could check facts yourself on the internet.
You shouldn’t just rely on a source of information without checking. Unfortunately, even the most reputable sources may have ulterior biases and interests. It’s important to objectively approach all the information you encounter, even the fact-checkers like Snopes.
Why checking info is important.
Nowadays, we rely on the internet to provide nearly everything. We use it to purchase any product worldwide instantly. It connects us with the world like never before in human history.
More importantly, we learn more about the world from online sources. A single Google search can provide millions of results. Unfortunately, there lies a huge problem.
This abundance of information has made it more difficult to separate fact from truth. Anyone from social media could make up news and spread it to billions worldwide.
Even prominent figures recognize the scope of this problem. Former US President Donald Trump often accused the mainstream media of spouting “fake news.”
Sadly, this has polluted proper discourse between the public and news outlets. Due to these constant attacks against the press, more Americans distrust the news nowadays.
Fortunately, other websites help the public determine the truth. Among the sea of misinformation, fact-checkers like Snopes shine a light on the truth.
What is Snopes?
The popular online fact-checker started in 1994. Snopes founder David Mikkelson verified urban legends, folklore, and hoaxes. Later on, his wife Barbara Mikkelson joined in fact-checking.
Nowadays, it’s become an important tool in figuring out the truth. They deal with topics that are grabbing the public’s attention. If the issue’s trending, chances are Snopes fact-checked it.
They’ve covered nearly everything, from political campaigns to legal battles. That’s why fact-checking organizations regard Snopes as a reliable source of information.
It helps people understand reports from major outlets like The Washington Post, The Seattle Times, and the New York Times. Snopes even helps students with their school work!
Ever wondered about where the Snopes headquarters is located or who runs Snopes? You might be surprised. Believe it or not, it’s in a bedroom with a laptop placed on top of some books!
How does Snopes check facts?
The famous fact-checking site shares its methods on its webpage. Despite its humble location, Snopes follows every industry guideline in reporting.
We mentioned that we should know how our sources get their info. Here’s how the popular fact verifying website does its work:
- Find trending topics – It starts by finding the topics most people are talking about. While it’s often politics, Snopes fact checks other issues too. Though the website admits, it makes up the majority of their work.
- Reach out to sources and experts – Then, they contact the source of this trending news. Also, the Snopes team gets in touch with the people and groups who would know about these issues.
- Find related information – What’s more, they look for relevant printed information. These could be books, interview records, news articles, and various others.
- Writers add more research if needed – If the topic’s particularly complex, the Snopes staff may include their research. Sometimes, they may share their expertise if it’s related to the issue.
- Review articles before release – Lastly, editors check all the drafts. They make sure the articles meet their standards. If they don’t, the drafts undergo further review and revision.
How Snopes is free
People often don’t like it when websites have too many ads. Yet, it’s the reason why they could use Snopes and other websites for free.
The well-known truth finder admits that it needs advertising revenue to remain free for all. Still, it aims to give readers a good experience. People may report issues with advertising services too.
Despite the banner ads, Snopes is still a great source of info. What’s more, people could submit suggestions for new articles. All these amazing features for free!
How to check facts yourself
Some people might think it’s not important to check the news. After all, most folks browse the trending stuff briefly then go on with daily life. Yet, fake news has more lasting effects.
- It could harm your health – If you follow fake health news, you could get sick. For example, former president Trump suggested drinking disinfectant against COVID-19. Accidental poisoning from these products rose at the time he said it. Still, it’s not proven whether his comments caused these incidents.
- Fake news could start social unrest – Countries use propaganda to start chaos in opposing nations. During the 2016 US election, Russian agents spread fake news to make Americans fight each other.
- Misinformation makes it harder to be informed – It harms the fruitful sharing of ideas among people. On the other hand, some people respond by avoiding news in general. Overall, it causes people to miss out on the truth.
Snopes and other web site help us separate truth from fakes. Yet, we shouldn’t leave the fact-checking to them alone. Verify your facts by following these tips:
- Think before sharing – Decide carefully whether you should send an article or not. It might spread misinformation to your friends and family.
- Check the sources – See who released the info. Did it come from a reputable news source? Perhaps it came from a random person on Facebook or Twitter? A few minutes of research can make a difference!
- Get your info from reliable sources – Rely on academic and expert sources for your news. These people have spent lots of time trying to understand their fields. Thus, they give the most reliable information.
Who runs Snopes? Snopes serves an important role on the internet. It helps people sift through facts and fake news. In other words, the fact-checking site helps us make sense of online information.
Yet, we shouldn’t only rely on these websites. We need to be responsible for consuming and sharing news. If not, we could harm ourselves and others.
Only get your information from reputable sources. The effects of fake news can last for years and harm millions. It only takes a few minutes to check on Google.
Learn more about Snopes
Who runs Snopes?
David Mikkelson and his wife Barbara Mikkelson run the famous fact-checker. Surprisingly, their headquarters is in their bedroom, with a laptop resting on top of some books!
Is Snopes reliable?
Numerous fact-checking groups regard Snopes as a great source of information. It makes sure to follow industry standards for its articles.
Other fact-check websites besides Snopes?
You may check the Associated Press (AP) and FactCheck for reputable news. Schools like St. Louis Community College recommend other sources of reliable information.
If you are interested in content marketing, please email [email protected] | <urn:uuid:7a70dbd5-958a-4f62-b8f8-1d19bd973b3a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://usa.inquirer.net/72942/who-runs-snopes-other-things-to-know | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.9365 | 1,578 | 1.867188 | 2 |
A new non-radioactive magnetic seed-based breast tumor localization device is under investigation in the UK. The Sirius Pintuition device uses a small implantable magnetic seed and detector for precise localization of breast tumors ahead of surgery. Edward St John, MBBS, FRCS, PhD, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, discusses the feasibility study currently underway and future plans for national roll out of the technology. If efficacy and safety are demonstrated in initial studies, a national investigation will commence through the iBRA-NET to compare the Sirius Pintuition device to wire-based methods as well as other new localization devices. The iBRA-NET is a multidisciplinary network of breast and plastic surgeons focused on evaluating new surgical techniques, products and implants. Evaluation of several localization devices has already begun, aiming to compare outcomes, identify key learning points and inform a future prospective trial in breast localization surgery. This interview was recorded via an online conference call with The Video Journal of Oncology (VJOncology). | <urn:uuid:1f96f880-43d2-443e-a4d3-87c909f7e0a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vjoncology.com/video/cnupxo0aqvg-ibra-net-investigating-localization-techniques-for-breast-lesions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.90981 | 214 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Springs council seeks changes to water-policy bill
An advocacy group for Florida's natural springs has outlined concerns with a major water-policy bill that is expected to be quickly approved during the upcoming 2016 legislative session.
The Florida Springs Council, a consortium of 35 organizations, is telling lawmakers what changes are needed to get its support for the proposal (SB 552 and HB 7005). But the group isn't hopeful that its requests - or similar requests from other environmental groups - will result in changes to the proposal.
"I'm not expecting that the leadership is going to make any changes on their own," council Legislative Chairman Robert Palmer said Monday. "I think it will be a victory to at least get them considered, debated and voted upon."
House State Affairs Chairman Matt Caldwell, the prime sponsor of the water proposal, said Monday he's willing to discuss additions desired by the springs council, but those issues most likely will have to wait for future legislation.
"At this point the water package has been debated and negotiated for two years," said Caldwell, R-North Fort Myers. "The kind of things they're asking about I'm willing to talk about in a separate venue. This is not going to be the last natural-resources bill ever passed. But I think this one is ready to move forward."
Agriculture Commissioner Adam Putnam, a proponent of the water package, has called the water-policy bill a step toward meeting the state's future water needs. Lawmakers could not reach agreement on a similar package during the 2015 session.
"This builds on Florida's strong tradition of water policy that dates back to the early '70s," Putnam told reporters last month. "And it won't be the end. I think there are things we need to continue to do, but in that march toward progress. This appears to be moving and I hope it goes all the way, unlike last year."
In a letter last week to House Speaker Steve Crisafulli and Senate President Andy Gardiner, the springs council noted it developed 17 amendments to the water measure, with a focus on protecting and restoring natural springs.
The letter, signed by Palmer, also notes that the measure would receive the council's endorsements if four particular amendments were added to the bill prior to a floor vote.
¦ Strengthen water-metering provisions to require data on users that draw 100,000 gallons per day or more.
¦ Require water-management districts to estimate a maximum sustainable groundwater withdrawal for each district.
¦ Authorize an independent study of water fees that could look at establishing prices for users permitted to draw water from an aquifer.
¦ Name a "Restoration Focus Spring" that would be restored within 15 years.
"None of these amendments involve substantial outlays by Florida's taxpayers, but taken together, they would constitute a very effective impetus to springs restoration," the letter said.
The water bills, a priority of Crisafulli, are expected to be among the first items brought up after the annual legislative session begins Jan. 12.
The identical proposals seek to establish water-flow levels for springs and set guidelines for the Central Florida Water Initiative, which is a regional water-supply planning effort that involves the Department of Environmental Protection, the St. Johns River Water Management District, the South Florida Water Management District, the Southwest Florida Water Management District, the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services and regional water utilities.
The bills also would further establish management plans for farming around Lake Okeechobee, the Caloosahatchee Estuary and inland portions of the Caloosahatchee River watershed, and the St. Lucie River and Estuary.
The package also would require the Legislature's Office of Economic and Demographic Research to provide an annual assessment of the state's water resources and conservation lands.
The springs council was more supportive of efforts two years ago by the Senate that would have funneled money into restoration of springs.
The current proposal received little criticism during relatively brief committee reviews in October and November.
The most coordinated opposition arose in early December when 106 environmental organizations and businesses - including the Sierra Club, 1000 Friends of Florida, the Florida Wildlife Federation and Friends of the Everglades - signed a letter seeking 12 changes to the proposal.
Among the desired changes were stricter deadlines for cleaning waterways, stronger enforcement language against polluters, wider authority for regional water-management districts to review water-use permits and the ability of local governments to impose stronger restrictions on the use of fertilizer. | <urn:uuid:e10a844f-7245-4a65-a79e-5e1db0c4f0cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.staugustine.com/story/news/2016/01/05/springs-council-seeks-changes-water-policy-bill/16321790007/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.959465 | 927 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Cohen’s father and great grandfather both served as president the Orthodox synagogue which Zelermyer affectionately refers to as “The Shaar.”
NEW YORK – “Hallelujah! I’m your man!”
That’s how Cantor Gideon Zelermyer responded to Leonard Cohen when the famed Canadian singer/songwriter asked him in 2015 to collaborate with him on a song.
Zelermyer, cantor for the past 16 years of Montreal’s Congregation Shaar Hashomayim in Westmount, Quebec, had a unique and unusual professional and personal relationship with the late Cohen. The two corresponded by email for 10 years before the request for a musical collaboration emerged, which wound up being “You Want it Darker,” the title song of Cohen’s Grammy Award-winning final album released in 2016.
“When I got the email from Cohen at six o’clock in the morning [to work on the album], I shouted, woke up my family and wrote him back: ‘Hallelujah! I’m your man!’” recalled Zelermyer in an interview with The Jerusalem Post, marking the third anniversary of Cohen’s death.
Zelermyer is a man of many talents and interests. He is a skilled musician, a self-described “serious opera lover” and the father of sons aged eight and 11. He is also affable, funny, well-connected in the Montreal cultural community and a huge sports fan. The Rhode Island-born and Connecticut-raised tenor still roots for the Boston Red Sox, the Celtics and the New England Patriots. However, Zelermyer proudly roots for the hometown hockey team, the Montreal Canadiens. His wife is from Montreal, and he recently became a Canadian citizen after living there for 18 years.Cohen’s father and great grandfather both served as president the Orthodox synagogue which Zelermyer affectionately refers to as “The Shaar.”
Zelermyer and his Shaar musical team didn’t know at first what Cohen expected of them. They received a rough track from Los Angeles of what would become “You Want it Darker” – with just Cohen’s voice. They sent back a few options of how the track might sound, recorded with his music director, Roï Azoulay, and the synagogue’s all-male choir. Zelermyer and Azoulay recorded different musical options to complement Cohen’s vocal track. After the songs were produced, Cohen thoughtfully sent Zelermyer a thank you note – and a self-portrait.
The single “You Want It Darker” was released on September 21, 2016. The album came out one month later. Sadly, Cohen died a few weeks later on November 7. Zelermyer officiated at a mainly secretive, private family funeral in Montreal. A month later, Cohen’s family brought Zelermyer and the Shaar choir to Los Angeles to sing at a memorial service.
While Cohen never spoke of death with Zelermyer, or indicated a sense that death was imminent, the cantor noted “He was talking about it his whole life.” Zelermyer felt the album “makes sense – to work through his feelings. The tone of the record didn’t surprise me – with the echoes of kaddish, and the words of Hineni. You see he is placing his destiny in the hands of something higher.”
Zelermyer did not have many in-person meetings with Cohen. The cantor reflects “I was physically in the same room with Leonard three times: once at a concert in Ottawa, in Los Angeles for the 2016 record release, and at his burial.”
The cantor recalled having “very brief conversations.” He fondly recalls their in person meeting in Los Angeles. “I brought him a gift – a Yom Kippur machzor [prayer book], which I found at Shaar, given to his late sister at her Hebrew school graduation.”
ZELERMYER WAS HONORED to attend the 2017 Grammy Awards Ceremony at Manhattan’s Madison Square Garden, where Cohen, Zelermyer and the synagogue choir were awarded a Grammy Award posthumously. Perhaps somewhat ironically, Cohen’s Grammy, and the accompanying “certificate of participation” awarded to the cantor and his team as vocal soloists, is in the Best Rock Performance category. The award is for “You Want It Darker,” the first track on Cohen’s 14th and final album of the same name.
“It’s an amazing, loving, beautiful tribute to an amazing life in music,” observed Zelermyer. “It is such a bittersweet closure that the first solo acknowledgment of an artistic statement of his by the Academy and at the same time he’s not around to enjoy it. But it’s a tremendous honor to his legacy, and certainly, for our city.”
At the 50th Grammy Awards in 2007, Cohen received his first career Grammy for Album Of The Year, as a featured artist on Herbie Hancock’s River: The Joni Letters. In 2010, Cohen received a lifetime achievement award from the Grammy academy. In 2017, Cohen’s You Want It Darker won the Canadian Juno Award for Album of the Year.
“It is still a tremendous source of honor for me and the Shaar, to play a small but significant role,” explained Zelermyer. “It is wonderful validation of why we maintain the tradition.” Zelermyer recalled an interview Cohen gave not long before his death where he explained why he wanted to work with a cantor and choir.
Cohen told the publication Le Dernier Empereur in an October 19, 2016, interview, “Even as a boy I loved their singing. It is what made compulsory synagogue attendance enjoyable. I’ve wanted to work with the cantor and the choir for a long time. The touring years interrupted this intention. On a secondary but still urgent note, there are times when you want to show the flag, when you want to indicate that there is nourishment to be had from this culture, that it is not entirely irrelevant to the present situation, that it does not serve a nation’s best interests to reject and despise it. This is more important in some countries than in others.”
Zelermyer added, “This is really unbelievable. It is such a special statement of validation—that there is something to be gleaned from this tradition.” He noted nostalgically that there are very few synagogue choirs in the world which meet weekly. The Shaar has proudly featured a weekly choir since 1887.
Zelermyer regularly shares Cohen’s kind words about cantors and choirs with young cantors. “I tell young cantors – when you read something like Cohen’s quote, it should be an inspiration to take what you do seriously – you never know how it will impact others.”
The cantor reflected on Cohen’s legacy, and on why he is loved and admired by people worldwide. “He appealed to the searcher. He appealed to the everyman type of dynamic.” Zelermyer noted that Cohen went through many phases in his spiritual life – “he was interested in Scientology, Eastern religions, but he always gravitated to the religion of his childhood, he was always interested in Judaism.”
His devoted fans continue to come to Montreal to get to know and experience Leonard Cohen. “There is a steady stream of people at Shaar on Saturdays-from Europe and all over – to see where he is from and what he is like. They want to see his house, and where he ate bagels. They are so respectful and so deferential. They want to understand. They continue to search, as Leonard did.” | <urn:uuid:4dc734e8-4389-4f19-b8e5-5ccf3a08b3aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://howardblas.com/tag/poetry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.973422 | 1,711 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Big Data Storage
In this course, we outline the key storage options for big data solutions. We determine data access and retrieval patterns, and some of the use cases that suit particular data patterns such as evaluating mechanisms for capture, update, and retrieval of catalog entries. We learn how to determine appropriate data structure and storage formats, and how to determine and optimize the operational characteristics of a Big Data storage solution.
- Recognize and explain big data access and retrieval patterns.
- Recognize and explain appropriate data structure and storage formats.
- Recognize and explain the operational characteristics of a Big Data storage solution.
This course is intended for students looking to increase their knowledge of the AWS storage options available for Big Data solutions.
While there are no formal prerequisites for this course, students will benefit from having a basic understanding of cloud storage solutions. Our courses on AWS storage fundamentals and AWS Database Fundamentals will give you a solid foundation for taking this present course.
Amazon Aurora is now MySQL and PostgreSQL-compatible.
Welcome to Big Data on AWS, Storing Data on Amazon RDS. At the end of this module, you'll be able to describe in detail how Amazon RDS can be used to store data within a big data solution. In the previous modules, we've covered DynamoDB. Now we're gonna look at how Amazon RDS works and how you can use it in big data scenarios. Amazon RDS is primarily designed to store data and service access to this data to a myriad of applications, business intelligence, and query tools.
Amazon RDS provides the options to utilize a number of different relational database engines which we will outline later in this module. The key to Amazon RDS is that it provides a relational database capability which provides some benefits and some limitations when applied in the big data space. Given its relational database foundation, Amazon RDS is inherently focused on providing storage for transactional style applications and for reporting applications that access smaller data volumes and simpler data structures when compared to other Amazon big data services.
When choosing a big data storage solution from within the available Amazon service offerings, it's important to determine whether the data sources we are storing data from primarily contain structures, semi-structured, or unstructured data. This will typically drive the decision on which Amazon big data service is the best for that data pattern or use case. Amazon RDS is primarily designed to manage structured data. As well as storing data, Amazon RDS is also able to process and transform the data within the database. When choosing a big data processing solution from within the available Amazon service offerings, it is important to determine whether you need the latency of your response from the process to be in sub seconds, seconds, minutes or hours.
This will typically drive the decision on which AWS service is the best for that processing patten or use case. Amazon RDS is primarily designed to deliver transaction orientated storage and processing but it's important to remember it is not designed to process very large volumes of data. Amazon RDS allows you to easily set up, operate, and scale a relational database in the cloud. It provides cost efficient and resizable capacity while managing time consuming database administration tasks, freeing you up to focus on your applications and business. It is primarily designed to be used as a transactional database underpinning applications but it also provides a flexible and managed repository for reporting data where storage volumes are below six terabytes. Amazon RDS also has the ability to create read replicas that allow you to offload reporting from the update database instance, enabling you to scale out your reporting environment.
Amazon RDS is based on a platform as a service style architecture where you determine the size of the capacity you require and the architecture and components are automatically provisioned and stored and configured for you. You have no need or ability to change the way these architectural components are deployed. The core container of an Amazon RDS environment is called a DB instance. When you provision a DB instance you choose the database engine you wish to utilize.
For example, MySQL or Oracle. We will discuss the options for these database engines in a few minutes. The provision DB instance and the selected database engine is then composed of a compute capability and a storage capability. When you provision an Amazon EC2 instance, you get CPU, memory, storage, and IOPS all bundled together. With Amazon RDS, these are split apart so that you can scale them independently. So, for example, if you need more CPU, less disk performance or more storage you can easily allocate them separately within the DB instance you provision.
The CPU and memory configuration for a DB instance are still predefined like an EC2 instance and that you cannot independently select the CPU and memory being allocated. The size of the compute capability provision is defined in the terms of number of virtual CPUs and the amount of memory allocated. You choose this combination by choosing a DB instance class, for example, an M4 large when you provision the DB instance. These DB instance classes are very similar to the EC2 instance types and there is often a consistent ratio between memory and virtual CPU.
One thing to watch out for is that not all DB instance classes are available for all database engines. For each DB instance, you also need to select the associated storage capacity. Each DB instance class has a minimum and a maximum storage requirement for the DB instances that are created from it. The Amazon RDS service uses dedicated Amazon elastic block storage or EBS as the underlying storage. This is the same storage system that's used by the EC2s.
The Amazon RDS DB instance can contain one or many databases. Databases are a way of logically grouping tables which hold data and can be queried. So for example, you might create a database to hold human resources data and another database to hold finance data. So, let's have a look at how you provision an Amazon RDS DB instance. As I've already mentioned, when you provision your Amazon RDS DB instance, the first thing you need to do is to link the specific database engine that is used within that database instance. Amazon RDS provides a number of database engines that are designed to store and manage relational data.
The Amazon Aurora database engine is a MySQL compatible relational database engine developed by Amazon. The popular open source MariaDB, MySQL, and PostgreSQL relational database are also available as database engines. The Microsoft SQL Server database engine uses the SQL server relational database developed by Microsoft. You can deploy SQL server 2008R2, 2012, 2014, and 2016 versions, as well as the express web standard or enterprise editions. The Oracle database engine uses the Oracle relational database developed by Oracle. You can deploy Oracle 11g or 12c, as well as Oracle standard or enterprise editions. Once you have selected the database engine you then choose the DB instance class which determines the amount of virtual CPU and memory you have allocated to the DB instance.
You can also choose the storage type and the amount of storage you require. While there are a number of components under the covers for Amazon RDS architecture, you can see how Amazon has made it simple to get started as always. When you buy an EC2 instance, you get CPU and memory storage and IOPS bundled together. With Amazon RDS, these are split apart so you can scale them independently. So for example, if you need more CPU and less IOPS or more storage, you can easy allocate them. Amazon RDS allows you to influence the level of performance you achieve by selection of virtual CPU, the memory and IOPS that underpin your RDS servers. The compute and memory capacity of a DB instance is determined by its DB instance class. DB instance classes are similar to the EC2 instance types. The DB instant class you need depends on your processing power and memory requirements. T
here are DB instance classes that support by bursted database access and sustained access. Amazon recommended good practice for RDS performance is to allocate enough RAM so that you're working set resides almost completely in memory. IOPS stand for input/output operation per second. IOPS can be compared to the revolutions per minute of a car engine, also known as RPM, where the bigger the number, the faster the expected performance.
So, if for example, a car engine rotating at 2,000 RPM means a car is typically going slower than a car with an engine rotating at 6,000 RPM. The same concept applies with IOPS. The bigger the number, then in theory, the greater the level of performance. Amazon RDS allows you to influence the level of performance you achieve by the selection of IOPS that underpin your RDS service. Amazon RDS allows you to position one of three storage types, general purpose SSD, provisioned IOPS, and magnetic.
Magnetic storage is available for backwards compatibility, but Amazon recommend general purpose or provision IOPS for any new services you provision. Provisioned IOPS is designed to support high performance transactional workloads. For database workloads with moderate IO requirements, use the general purpose storage. For very small database workloads with infrequent IO you could use the magnetic storage. Amazon RDS general purpose storage is suitable for a broad range of database workloads that have moderate IO requirements with a baseline of three IOPS per gigabyte and the ability to burst up to 3,000 IOPS, this storage option provides predictable performance to meet the needs of most applications.
Amazon RDS provision IOPS is an SSD back storage option designed to give a fast, predictable, and consistent IOPS performance. With provision IOPS, you specify an IOPS rate when creating a DB instance, and Amazon RDS provisions the IOPS rate for the lifetime of the DB instance. Amazon RDS provision IOPS is optimized for IO intensive transactional database workloads and is the most applicable option for big data services, as the large volumes of data often require a large level of disk performance. Depending on the amount of storage you provision Amazon RDS will automatically stripe your data across multiple EBS volumes to improve the IOPS performance.
If you used provisioned IOPS storage to gain a high level performance, you'll need to use the M4, M3, R3, and M2 DB instance classes. These instance classes are optimized for provision IOPS storage. There's no point paying for extra IOPS and not getting the full value of that investment.
The ratio of IOPS to storage for your DB instances where storage is measured in gigabytes should be between three to one and 10 to one, so let's have a look at what that means. The IOPS to storage ratio also effects the performance of your Amazon RDS environment. Amazon recommend the ratio of IOPS to storage in gigabytes for your DB instances should be between three to one and 10 to one, and in fact, when provisioning your DB instance you'll be forced to provision IOPS that are in at least the three to one ratio to the size of storage you provision. For example, you could start by provisioning an Oracle database instance with 1,000 IOPS and 200 gigabytes of storage, achieving a ratio of five to one, then you could scale your IOPS to 2,000 to improve performance, retaining the current 200 gigabytes of storage which will result in a ratio of 10 to one.
Then, you could add some more storage capacity, increasing it from 200 gigabytes to 500 gigabytes but retaining the current 2,000 IOPS which will reduce the ratio to four to one. Finally, you can increase this instance to the maximum for an Oracle DB instance of 30,000 IOPS with six terabytes of storage which will result in a ratio of five to one. Be aware that SQL Server database engines have a different maximum IOPS and storage limits. There are a number of ways you can scale your Amazon RDS environment out to help manage the constraints that are inherent when using RDS with the typical big data volumes of data.
You can implement a data petitioning strategy. You can get high availability with a primary instance and a synchronous secondary instance that you can file over to when problems occur. You can also use MySQL, MariaDB or PostgreSQL read replicas to increase read scaling. If your application requires more compute resources than the largest DB instance class or more storage than the maximum allocation, you can implement partitioning, thereby spreading your data across multiple DB instances. RDS does not really offer anything to help you with this so you're partitioning approach of management of this capability will need to be implemented and managed within your application layer.
Amazon RDS provides high availability and fail over support for DB instances using multiple availabilities on deployments. Multi AZ deployments for Oracle, PostgreSQL, MySQL, and MariaDb use Amazon technology to replicate the data while SQL Server DB instances use SQL Server mirroring. In a Multi AZ deployment, Amazon RDS automatically provisions and maintains a synchronous standby replica in a different availabilities zone. In the event of a planned or unplanned outage of your DB instance, Amazon RDS automatically switches to a standby replica in another availability zone if you have enabled Multi AZ.
The fail over mechanism automatically changes the DNS records of the DB instance to point to the standby instance. Note the synchronous standby replicate capability is not a scaling solution for read only scenarios. You cannot use a standby replica to serve read traffic. It is effectively a warm standby. To have active access to this data you will need to use read replicas. If you are using MySQL, MariaDB, and PostgreSQL database engines for your DB instance, Amazon RDS can use the built in replication functionality of these engines to create a special type of DB instance called a read replica. Updates made to the source DB instance are synchronously copied to the read replica.
You can reduce the load on your source DB instance by routing re-queries from your applications to the read replica. Using the read replica capability means you can elastically scale out for read heavy database workloads. If you use the MySQL database engine, Amazon RDS allows you to add table indexes directly to the read replicas without those indexes being present on the master database, meaning you can turn your read replicas for high-volume read behavior while leaving your master database tuned for high volume load behavior. Securing access to your Amazon RDS data is important.
Security groups are used to control the traffic that has access in and out of a DB instance. Three types of security groups are used with an Amazon RDS, database security groups, VPC security groups, and EC2 security groups. DB security groups allow access from EC2 security groups in your AWS account or other accounts. You do not need to specify destination port number when you create DB security group rules. The port number defined for the DB instance is used as the destination port number for all rules defined for the DB security group. VPC security groups allow access from other CVPC security groups in your VPC only. When you create rules for your VPC security group that allow access to the instances in your VPC you must specify a port for each range of the addresses that the rule allows access for. AWS recommend that you run your database instances in an Amazon VPC, which allows you to isolate your database in your own virtual network and connect to on premise IT infrastructure using industry standard encrypted IPSec VPNs.
You can configure firewall settings and control network access to your database instances. By default, networks access is turned off to a DB instance and you then specify security rules in a security group than enables access from a range of IP addresses or EC2 security groups. Amazon RDS allows you to encrypt your databases using keys you manage through the AWS management key service, or KMS, to ensure data is encrypted at rest.
On a database instance running with Amazon RDS encryption, data is stored at rest and the underlying data storage is encrypted as are its automated backups, its read replicas, and its snapshots. Amazon RDS also supports transparent data encryption in SQL Server and Oracle. Transparent data encryption in Oracle in integrated with the AWS CloudHSM which allows you to securely generate, store and manage your cryptographic keys in a single tenant hardware security module appliance within the AWS cloud. Amazon RDS supports the use of SSL to secure data in transit. You can use SSL from your application to encrypt a connection to your database. Each DB engine has its own process for implementing SSL. Amazon RDS is integrated with the AWS identity and access management solution, IAM, and provides the ability to control the actions that users can take on a specific Amazon RDS resource from database instances through to snapshots, parameter groups and option groups. You can also tag your Amazon RDS resource and control the actions that your IAM users and groups can take on groups of resources that have the same tag and associated value.
For example, you can configure your IAM rules to ensure developers are able to modify development database instances, but only database administrators can make changes to production database instances. You need to load your data into Amazon RDS before you can access it or query it. You can connect to Amazon RDS using ODBC or JDBC and issue standard and SQL commands to insert the data. This means you can use a third party ETL tool such a Talent or your current ETL tool if you have one to load data into your RDS DB instance. You can also use the AWS database migration service.
This helps migrate the data from your on premise database to the target Amazon RDS DB instance. You can undertake a like for like database migration where the source and target database engines are the same or are compatible like to Amazon RDS for Oracle. Since the schema structure database types and database code are compatible between the source and the target database this kind of migration is a one step process, or you can change the database engine being used as part of the database migration. For example, from Oracle to Amazon RDS for MariaDB. In this scenario, this is a two step process.
First, we use the AWS Schema Conversion Tool to convert the source schema and code to match that of the target database, and then we use the AWS database migration servers to migrate data from the source database to the target database. There are also a number of database engine specific load options. For example, Amazon RDS supports native backup and restore for Microsoft SQL Server databases using the full back up files, the .back files.
You can create a full backup of your on premise SQL server database and store it on S3 and then restore the backup files into an existing RDS DB instance running SQL server. You can connect to Amazon RDS using industry standard ODBC or JDBC connections. The database engine that Amazon RDS DB instance is based upon enables this capability. It's one of the benefits you gain from Amazon utilizing open and mature relational database engine as the core of its RDS service.
This means that you can continue to use your third party ETL query and reporting tools to load data into and to query data from Amazon RDS. You can also continue to use the database engine specific tools that you currently use. For example, you can use SQL plus to connect to your Oracle DB instance in Amazon RDS or Microsoft Management Studio to connect to the SQL Server database engine. If you're connecting to the database from a client machine you will need to ensure the required ports are open in your client side firewall. The port will be different depending on what database engine you have selected from your database instance. One area to be cognizant of is that traditional database relational database engine, RDS is optimized take a large number of small concurrent queries and return responses quickly rather than large volumes of data and large queries.
This transactional RDBMS space paradigm means the response behavior provided to the query is very different from a service such as Amazon Redshift or Amazon EMR. There are a number of limits within the Amazon RDS service you need to be aware of. When these limits have been reached, attempts to add additional resources will fail with an exception. The default limits listed in the tables are set by AW and are forced each AWS region. So for example, you can create 40 DB instances in the US one region and 40 DB instances in US east two region.
One of the other key things to note is that Amazon RDS does not provide shell access to your database instances. It will show restricts access to certain system procedures and tables that require advanced provisions so you should always test that the database features and capabilities you are using are still enabled in Amazon RDS if you are migrating from an on premise database environment. One of the other limits to be aware of is the limit on the maximum storage that is available within a DB instance.
These limits are listed in the table. Please note that SQL Server has a lower storage limit than the other database engines. You are able to provision your DB instance with a small storage capacity and increase the Amazon RDS storage available as required up to these limits. You can modify a DB instance to use additional storage and you can convert to a different storage type after it's been provisioned. Except for the SQL Server database engine, which cannot have its storage capacity changed or its storage type changed due to the limitations of the stripe storage attached to a window server environment for this database engine. If you want to exceed these storage limits you will need to implement a petitioning strategy to store more data.
Also, keep in mind you're also limited to 100 terabytes of storage for Amazon RDS within a region. These limits mean Amazon RDS is not ideal as your primary big data storage servers when large volumes of data are expected to be persisted, but Amazon RDS is often used as a service component in an end to end Amazon big data solution. There are a number of big data use cases where Amazon RDS is the perfect storage solution and a number where an alternate Amazon solution would potentially provide a better solution.
Amazon RDS is perfect for running transactional relational database applications in the cloud while offloading database administration, customers using Amazon RDS databases for both online transactional processing, OLTP, and for reporting and analysis purposes. Amazon RDS provides great performance for transactional queries and as we have outlined you can scale this performance up and down with different database instance types and IOPS settings, but if you need a varied load latency response to queries then Amazon DynamoDb is a better solution. Amazon RDS is ideal for storing structured data that you want to persist and query using standard SQL and your existing BI tools. Amazon EMR is ideal for processing and transforming unstructured or semi-structured data and also is a much better option for data sets that are relatively transitory and not stored for long-term use. If you need to run analytics algorithms, then Amazon EMR or Amazon Machine Learning are better solutions than Amazon RDS.
Shane has been emerged in the world of data, analytics and business intelligence for over 20 years, and for the last few years he has been focusing on how Agile processes and cloud computing technologies can be used to accelerate the delivery of data and content to users.
He is an avid user of the AWS cloud platform to help deliver this capability with increased speed and decreased costs. In fact its often hard to shut him up when he is talking about the innovative solutions that AWS can help you to create, or how cool the latest AWS feature is.
Shane hails from the far end of the earth, Wellington New Zealand, a place famous for Hobbits and Kiwifruit. However your more likely to see him partake of a good long black or an even better craft beer. | <urn:uuid:199398c3-b335-41d2-9c1b-2a325742d5e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cloudacademy.com/course/amazon-web-services-big-data-specialty-storage/relational-database-services/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.913812 | 4,832 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Gambling is defined as the act of wagering on a game with a prize or something of value. It is a form of entertainment that involves the use of money, time, or effort to win a prize. The primary goal of gambling is to win money or something of value. It requires a great deal of risk and consideration. This includes buying lottery tickets, playing cards or dice for money, and wagering on a sporting event.
A gambler is a person who spends a great deal of time and energy on an activity that is based on chance. This individual often gambles when he or she is in a desperate situation or when the money they have is low. If they do lose their money, they may simply return to the game and try again. They may even lie about the amount of money they spend on gambling and turn to others for help financially to alleviate their problems.
Gambling is a significant international commercial activity. In 2009, the legal market for gambling reached $335 billion. It is possible to gamble with items that have value. For example, a person playing marbles might bet marbles. In Magic: The Gathering, a player can stake collectible game pieces. This results in a meta-game about the collection of those pieces. The goal of the game is to win as much money as possible.
A gambler’s decision to participate in a game of chance can affect their future. The stakes, whether they be money or possessions, are usually based on the outcome of the game. However, there are exceptions to this rule. A person can win a game of chance despite the fact that they have no knowledge of the outcome. There are other types of gambling, such as sports betting or participating in lotteries. In most cases, gambling is an activity that involves risk and reward. The consequences of gambling can be immediate or long-term.
A gambler with gambling disorder is preoccupied with the game. He or she gambles when he or she is unhappy or is trying to win an important game. A person with this disorder will continue to engage in the activity even after losing a large amount of money. A gambler may be unable to keep his or her finances under control or have to take a lot of risk. A person with a gambling disorder will usually be obsessed with the activity and will lie to hide the extent to which he or she is involved in gambling.
A gambler may be addicted to gambling. Those who have a gambling addiction can be at risk for mental health problems. It is important to seek help for the addiction as well as to avoid repercussions. Fortunately, there are various ways to stop and prevent a gambling problem. It’s not too late to give up your passion for the game. If you have an interest in gambling, you can try some of these methods. They are legal and will not have any negative effects.
Some people may be opposed to gambling. There are many Protestant denominations that oppose it. The Christian Reformed Church in North America, the Church of Lutheran Confession, and the Southern Baptist Convention have all said they don’t allow gambling. The majority of people who are against gambling are religious, but they do have the right to participate in it. It’s not necessary to be a member of a church to be able to play.
Gambling is an activity in which people place bets on the outcomes of a game. It is a very popular activity that has many benefits. It is an international business, with an estimated $335 billion in revenue in 2009. It is also very popular among people in the United States. In addition to gambling, some people play card games and collectibles. For example, there are poker tournaments that are held in casinos and in Indian reservations.
Regardless of the form of gambling, people are often drawn to games that involve chance. The purpose of gambling may be to earn money or get a prize. In some cases, it is simply a way to pass the time. Besides, professional gamblers are not limited to the legal market. Those who participate in games may have a psychological or cognitive biases that make them more successful at the game. This is why a person might be more inclined to participate in a lottery if he or she believes that he or she can win more than 50 percent of the time. | <urn:uuid:80a22e8c-ac5c-49d1-b62c-52530cfccd34> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sriramsankararaman.com/what-is-gambling-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.974023 | 883 | 2.578125 | 3 |
No matter how recreational your trip is and where you go, traveling can be lots of fun and highly stressful. These tips should benefit your travel plans.
Don’t bring any unnecessary valuables with you. The more items you have with you, the chance will be higher that you will leave one behind, or an item gets stolen.
Only pack things that are necessary. Try not to bring bulky items that take up a lot of space. Don’t take too many shoes, as they are usually the heaviest and biggest things you’ll take.
Bring a good digital camera for the vacation that you are taking. If you plan to do some backpacking, you might not want a rechargeable battery. Many people find point and shoot cameras are best to use while traveling.
Always bring along some kind of doorstop when you travel. This will increase your security while you sleep in an unknown hotel in a strange country. These wedges are important if you have people coming in and out.
Check your hotel alarm when you get there. The alarm clock may be set to go off in the dead of the night or at the crack of dawn either due to the last guest’s plans or as a prank. Be certain to turn off any alarms to ensure a restful experience.
As you search for an inexpensive flight, go to the website for every airline that heads out to your chosen destination. While you can find low fares on travel websites, you may learn that the best prices are sometimes on the airlines’ own sites.
If you are taking a long trip and you’re packing light, pack a rain coat that has a soft lining. The weather never does what it is supposed to. Your raincoat can be used when it is chilly. You can even use it as a bathrobe when in the hotel.
Prepare in advance for unexpected things that may come up. The United States maintain website and embassies in most places. Dept. of State has a website at usembassy.state.gov that has contact information fro the US Embassy our consulate in foreign country of your destination. Bring this info with you as you travel. Most of the time, you’re going to have the replacement passport in just a day, maybe two.
No matter the type of journey planned, a properly-researched itinerary is the best way to go. Use what you’ve just learned, and have a safe and memorable trip.
Get more travel tips and insight at this link: https://cutt.ly/In3s1W1 | <urn:uuid:287bb840-88b9-4253-a21a-72e8d57eef30> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://einaudi-islands.com/planning-a-trip-use-these-travel-tips/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.943554 | 532 | 1.5 | 2 |
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[b]NASA's Ingenuity in Contact With Perseverance Rover After Communications Dropout[/b]
On Thursday, May 5, mission controllers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory received confirmation that the agency's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter had re-established communications with the Perseverance rover. Earlier in the week, the rotorcraft had missed a planned communications session with the rover – for the first time in over a year of operations on the Mars surface. Ingenuity relies on Perseverance as the base station that enables it to send data to and receive commands from Earth. While more data downlinks and analysis are needed, the Ingenuity and Perseverance teams believe they have determined a cause of the anomaly as well as a plan to return to normal operations.
Ingenuity became the first powered aircraft to operate on another world on April 19, 2021. Designed to perform up to five experimental test flights over a span of 30 Martian days (sols), or close to 31 Earth days, the rotorcraft has flown over 4.2 miles (6.9 kilometers) across 28 sorties and operated from the surface of the Red Planet for over a year.
Data downlinked indicates that the communications dropout on May 3, Sol 427 of the Perseverance rover's mission at Mars, was a result of the solar-powered helicopter entering a low-power state, potentially due to the seasonal increase in the amount of dust in the Martian atmosphere and lower temperatures as winter approaches. The dust diminishes the amount of sunlight hitting the solar array, reducing Ingenuity's ability to recharge its six lithium-ion batteries. When the battery pack's state of charge dropped below a lower limit, the helicopter's field-programmable gate array (FPGA) was powered down.
The FPGA manages Ingenuity's operational state, switching the other avionics elements on and off as needed to maximize power conservation. It also operates the heaters that enable the helicopter to survive frigid Martian nights, maintains precise spacecraft time, and controls when the helicopter is scheduled to wake up for communications sessions with Perseverance.
When the FPGA lost power during the Martian night, the helicopter's onboard clock – which designates the time that communications with Perseverance occur – reset. And Ingenuity's heaters, so vital to keeping electronics and other components within operational temperatures – turned off. When the Sun rose the next morning and the solar array began to charge the batteries, the helicopter's clock was no longer in sync with the clock aboard the rover. Essentially, when Ingenuity thought it was time to contact Perseverance, the rover's base station wasn't listening.
To make sure Perseverance would hear a call, Perseverance mission controllers at JPL commanded the rover to spend almost all of Sol 429 (May 5) listening for the helicopter's signal. It came at 11:45 a.m. local Mars time. The data transmitted was limited to deliberately preserve battery charge, but the helicopter's critical health and safety data were nominal. The radio link between Ingenuity and Perseverance was stable, spacecraft temperatures were within expectation, the solar array was recharging the battery at a rate expected for this season, and the battery was healthy, containing 41% of a full charge.
But one radio communications session does not mean Ingenuity is out of the woods. The increased (light-reducing) dust in the air means charging the helicopter's batteries to a level that will allow important components (like the clock and heaters) to remain energized throughout the night presents a significant challenge.
Each night for the past three sols, Ingenuity's heaters have kicked in when its battery temperature was below 5 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 15 degrees Celsius). While on, the heaters kept the temperature of vital helicopter components from dropping farther – down to the ambient environmental temperature of minus 112 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 80 degrees Celsius). But the team believes that the battery couldn't sustain the energy draw of the onboard heaters throughout the night.
"We have always known that Martian winter and dust storm season would present new challenges for Ingenuity, specifically colder sols, an increase in atmospheric dust, and more frequent dust storms," said Ingenuity Team Lead Teddy Tzanetos of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. "Every flight and every mile of distance flown beyond our original 30-sol mission has pushed the spacecraft to its limits each and every sol on Mars."
The Ingenuity and Perseverance teams have designed a plan they hope will make a difference. Their goal is to help the helicopter's battery accumulate enough of a charge during the next few sols so that it could support all necessary spacecraft systems during the cold Martian night. Uplinked yesterday, the new commands lower the point at which the helicopter energizes its heaters from when the battery falls below 5 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 15 degrees Celsius) to minus 40 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 40 degrees Celsius). The helicopter then shuts down quickly, rather than consuming the battery charge with the heaters. The team hopes this strategy will allow the battery to retain whatever charge it collected during the day. The Ingenuity engineers hope that after several days of the helicopter's array soaking in the limited rays, the battery will have reached a point where the spacecraft can return to normal operations.
Allowing the heaters to remain off overnight will conserve significant battery energy but will also expose components to the cold of Martian night. Developed as a technology demonstration to prove that powered, controlled flight on Mars is possible, the 4-pound (1.8-kilogram) rotorcraft carries many commercial off-the-shelf parts that weren't designed for the cold of deep space operations.
"Our top priority is to maintain communications with Ingenuity in the next few sols, but even then, we know that there will be significant challenges ahead," said Tzanetos. "I could not be prouder of our team's performance over the last year, let alone our aircraft's incredible achievements on Mars. We are hopeful that we can accumulate battery charge in order to return to nominal operations and continue our mission into the weeks ahead."
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Copyright 2022 collectSPACE.com All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:67a4c81d-7f6f-4f87-98be-ce542fe2436a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.collectspace.com/cgi-bin/postings.cgi?action=editpost&forum=Satellites+-+Robotic+Probes&number=33&topic=000696.cgi&ReplyNum=000044&TopicSubject=Ingenuity+helicopter+takes+flight+on+Mars | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.943216 | 1,326 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Sheryl Boucher selects a tomato, a carrot, an onion, a chicken breast, a can of corn, a pear and a baguette from metal tubs set up on tables covered in red-and-white checkered tablecloths. A friend recently told her about this food pantry located inside the community room at the Hilarita Apartments, low-income housing in Tiburon, where anyone in the community can fill a bag with free groceries.
It’s a surprising location for Marin County’s newest food pantry. Through a window, Richardson Bay sparkles, and Belvedere, one of the Bay Area’s most exclusive enclaves, is less than a mile away. The Hilarita complex climbs up a hill, and both the buildings and the landscaping around them appear carefully tended, as if to blend into their pristine surroundings.
Situated on two islands, Belvedere is a city of 2,000 with a median household income of $178,000. Here, homes top out at $13 million for a six-bedroom. A mile further is a plot of land in Tiburon that recently made the news when it went on the market for $110 million.
“In this affluent area, you wouldn’t think so many people would benefit from a program like the food bank,” says Boucher, 72, who wears long necklaces over a drapey sweater. Her low voice has a slightly patrician air.
Even in one of the wealthiest U.S. counties, her situation is not unique. One-third of seniors in Marin County live below the self-sufficiency standard of $27,000 per year to cover basic costs of living, according to the SF-Marin Food Bank.
Overall, the median household income in Marin is more than $100,000, and the median home value is $1.1 million.
“Like in the rest of the country, there are pockets of poverty even in the wealthiest areas,” says Edith Cadena of the SF-Marin Food Bank, which supplies food to pantries in the county.
Boucher, who grew up outside Philadelphia as the daughter of a University of Pennsylvania professor, didn’t expect to end up in this position; in fact, she used to donate to the food bank. She came to the Bay Area in 1968 because “things were happening in San Francisco.” She opened a preschool in 1979, but after it burned down in 2006, along with her home, she hasn’t been able to get a teaching job since. To make extra cash, she is a caregiver for seniors “more elderly than I.”
Boucher would not disclose her income from retirement savings and a small social security benefit, other than to say it’s mostly eaten up by the rent on her Mill Valley cottage, which increases every year by $100 a month. She’s constantly finding things to cut back on — such as a newspaper subscription — and is on waiting lists for subsidized housing.
The retired preschool teacher had never considered accepting free groceries until August, when a friend told her about the Hilarita pantry. She now picks up groceries from the two nearby food pantries each week, which she says has saved her hundreds of dollars, and goes to a free lunch for Marin seniors every Friday.
“It’s a social thing, and building community is important,” she says of both the lunches and food pantry.
A friend recently suggested she apply for CalFresh — food stamps. That is another thing she never considered before, until things got difficult enough for her to change her thinking.
“I think a big piece is getting over your pride,” she says. “I’m in dire straits here.” | <urn:uuid:10347ce9-eaf4-4e58-ac1c-645dc10c4fe8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sfchronicle.com/food/article/Hidden-Hunger-The-retired-teacher-In-wealthy-13379470.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.967816 | 807 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Survey Navgujarat Time, Ahmedabad | Sunday | August 3, 2021 Ahmedabad Circular issued by the entire education department to start vocational subjects in schools. Under the National Education Policy, it is planned to cover 50% of students in vocational subjects by 2025. 50% of students in state schools will study vocational subjects.
*HTAT આચાર્યને ઉ.પ.ધો.બાબત*
As many as 14,600 students can now be taught Vocational subjects by Vocational Trainers in E State schools out of a total of 345 schools in the state including government, grant aided secondary and higher secondary. It has been decided to cover 50 per cent of the students in the state government and subsidized secondary and higher education under the vocational subject by all education.
વર્ષ દરમિયાન કરવાની ધોરણ 6 થી 8 વિજ્ઞાનના પ્રયોગો અને પ્રવૃત્તિઓની સંપૂર્ણ યાદી
ધોરણ 6 ના પ્રયોગોની યાદી:- Click here
ધોરણ 6 ના પ્રવૃતિઓની યાદી:- Click here
ધોરણ 7 ના પ્રયોગોની યાદી:-Click here
ધોરણ 7 ના પ્રવૃતિઓની યાદી:-Click here
ધોરણ 8 ના પ્રયોગોની યાદી:- Click here
ધોરણ 8 ના પ્રવૃતિઓની યાદી:- Click here
Information of the school keeping file
All such schools have asked their students to start vocational subjects. At present, only 14,600 students in 345 schools are studying in subjects prepared by the Vocational Center Institute of Vocational Education in 8 trades so that it can provide only subject education in the state. However, the list of 67 vocational subjects has been decided from the selection of vocational subjects. Has come.
This list has been sent to all the district education officers of the state by the schools to select the subjects and start the subject in the school and the schools of their district which will have to do. Even in Ahmedabad, at present, if you want to start semen in only 5 schools, vocational subjects are being taught to guide them, said National Education. Under the policy, schools wanting to start a vocational subject by preparing an action plan for the next 4 years have been asked to send a proposal. Vocational should be entered from Std.
There will be 40 or more students in Std. 9 of the district and it is planned to teach up to Std. The principals of the existing schools have also been instructed to send secondary guidelines from the year 2017 to 2020 under Vocational Education Overall Education Gujarat. And Higher Secondary Government and Aided Schools as per the guideline of National Education Policy in the year 2025 Vocational subject in 7 districts in 4 different trades up to National Skill 50 per cent students are targeted to be organized as per the guideline of Vocational subject covered qualification framework.
Instruction to choose the subject on the basis of students in Std. 9: It is planned to introduce 1 vocational subject in schools having 19 students in Std. 9 and vocational subject in two different trades in schools having 80 or more students in Std. . A list of 67 subjects has been prepared for this. The schools have been asked to select the subjects which are suitable for the children as per the situation of the district and send the list of students through the district education officer’s office and the details of the selected trade to the state office. The principal of the school will be trained by all the students for the internship through education.
The entire education will have to go to the nearest area through the study of secondary and vocational subjects. For this the students will only have to visit the nearest area for the school visit and vocational internship through the Ministry of Industries. In approving the proposal of vocational subject, all the necessary books, lab, setup, raw material for the subject, provision of all expenses for the facility of trainers will be provided to the principal of the school where the vocational has been done. So that the student will be given any for vocational. There will be no need to make any kind of financial expenditure, Vocational subject can be taken instead of Hindi-Sanskrit in Std.
10 Vocational subject has been introduced in Std. As an additional subject in Std. 9, it should be kept as per the letter of Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education for 2017-18. In Std. 10, in group-2, in language group-2, in Hindi and Sanskrit subject, it remains to choose this subject. As it is a vocational practical subject here, the student will not be able to keep practical subjects like drawing, commuter. Students who have vocational subject in Std. 9 have to keep this subject compulsory in Std. 10 also. So that the student gets Level-1 Skill Development Certificate. | <urn:uuid:f871f43a-2fc5-4e21-940a-401004a7e68f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.festivalasia.in/students-willl-study-vocational-subject-read-detail/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.940259 | 1,521 | 2.15625 | 2 |
“Piki piki” is motorcycle in Swahili. That’s how I think of them, it’s what my daughters call them, and it’s what I want to write about today even though it has nothing to do with African tech… 🙂
The Rise of the Motorcycle Taxi in Africa
There has been a massive increase in the number of motorcycles in Africa over the last couple years. As an example, the story I got from more than one source in Liberia last month was that a year ago there were only a few motorcycles on the road. Now the country is covered with thousands of “peen peen’s”, their local motorcycle taxis.
As I travel, I like to test out the local motorcycles. Usually this means me finding a local motorcycle taxi driver and renting the bike off of him. It’s questionable whether a guy my size is going to fit onto the back of one of these 125cc cheap Indian and Chinese bikes. Plus, most of the drivers are horrible and there’s no way I’m putting my life in his hands. Here is a video of me testing out a “boda boda” in Kenya, and in the middle (1:38) of this Liberia video I test a “peen peen” out briefly.
The Business Side
Whenever I’m in a new country, I take the time to sit down and talk to the local motorcyclists. I’m curious as to when the bikes started showing up in numbers, how much they cost, and how much they charge to drive people around. I’ve started to wonder if it’s the same Indian and Chinese suppliers all over the continent, since you can buy the same models from Kenya to Liberia with the same average pricing of $500 – $1500. You know when someone has some money, since they ride a Yamaha, Honda or some other Japanese motorcycle.
On the business side, the motorcycle is bought by an entrepreneur who has some capital, who then rents it out to a taxi driver who pays him a daily rent on the bike. Anything he makes above rent, he keeps, and then one day a week (Saturday) he doesn’t pay any rent and keeps all the profits. Meanwhile, the owner has to cover maintenance, insurance and registration costs, fuel costs are covered by the driver. The owner’s goal is to get a small fleet of 4-10 motorcycle taxis on the road.
Here’s a breakdown for one owner/driver in Liberia:
- “Nafa” Chinese motorcycle cost: $750
- Daily driver revenue (avg): $22
- Daily driver rent: $8
- Daily driver fuel costs: $3
- Daily driver profit (avg): $11
Maintenance and Modding
I’m also intrigued by how they keep them running and how they get modded by the riders. Sometimes you’ll see radios strapped to the handlebars, stickers, signs and tassles. Helmets, when worn, are a hodgepodge of any type of hard head covering that can be found, from construction to racing helmets, they’re all there.
In West Africa, fueling is done via roadside stalls that sell gasoline by the jar or bottle. In East Africa they generally get filled at normal stations or via drums in the more rural areas. | <urn:uuid:a4814087-c72c-48e6-9bdd-9b7210ae483d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://whiteafrican.com/2009/04/30/the-rise-of-the-motorcycle-taxi-in-africa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.959802 | 716 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Developmental behavioral pediatrician Mark Bertin, M.D. discusses mindful parenting of children with ADHD.
(34 minutes) Dr. Mark Bertin, a board certified developmental behavioral pediatrician, studied at Cornell University and the UCLA School of Medicine before completing general pediatric training at Oakland Children’s Hospital in California. Dr. Bertin is an Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at New York Medical College, is on the faculty of the Windward Teacher Training Institute, and from 2003 to 2010 was Director of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics at the Westchester Institute for Human Development, working in their foster care program. He is on the advisory board for Reach Out and Read, a national organization promoting child development and literacy, and also for Common Sense Media. He is a frequent lecturer for parents, teachers and professionals on topics related to child development including autistic spectrum disorders, ADHD, parenting and mindfulness. Dr. Bertin also leads mindfulness classes, having attended trainings at Jon Kabat Zinn’s Center for Mindfulness among many others, and he incorporates mindfulness into sessions on an individual basis for interested families. Dr. Bertin’s has written the books The Family ADHD Solution, Mindful Parenting for ADHD, and How Children Thrive.
For more about Dr. Bertin: developmentaldoctor.com
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Meeting Dr. Mark Bertin
HACKIE REITMAN, M.D. [HR]: Hi I’m Dr. Hackie Reitman. Welcome to another episode of exploring Different Brains. Today we have Dr. Mark Bertin. The developmental pediatrician is going to share all of his knowledge with us about ADHD, the Autism Spectrum, and all of our different brains, especially during these coronavirus times. Mark, thanks for being with us.
MARK BERTIN, M.D. [MB]: I appreciate the opportunity. Nice to meet you in person.
HR: How did you get into this?
MB: Um, I actually pretty much grew up around the field of special education, so it’s always been an important part of my life. So, I guess that’s the short of it. My family is all in special education and then a very profound part of my early childhood was we had a neighbor who ran the local Special Olympics and I started volunteering there and working there very young, so it’s just always been an important part of my life.
Parenting ADHD During the Pandemic
HR: You wrote a great article in the New York Times.
MB: Thank you.
HR: I really really appreciate it. you know, you mentioned quote, things are up in the air right now by the time this comes out things may look completely different.
HR: One of the ways I look at it is, coronavirus put everything on steroids as of where all of the neurodiversity characteristics got put on steroids, so we have had to develop more powerful tools and one of the reasons I wrote the Aspertools book about Asperger’s and Autism, is because were into here at Different Brains, giving positive tools you can really use, and so we had to develop some new tools for ADHD and Spectrum individuals and these things. Could you go over some of your favorite tools that your advising your families at this time?
MB: An important starting point in even beginning the discussion is just recognizing that we can’t do anything cookie-cutter right now and on two different levels. At least you’d have made maybe even more than two different levels but certainly I was just going to start with saying — I mean, from the child’s point of view, obviously everyone is so different that their needs are profoundly different, you know so you have children who are you know, whose social needs aren’t being met and that on some level is the biggest issue going on and then you have people who you have pretty profoundly intense neurological and neurodevelopmental concerns, where home learning just utterly undermines all of their interventions. So, it’s hard to be cookie-cutter because certainly the field is so diverse and families are so diverse, it isn’t about a single answer I think as much as being kind of I mean what I try to do with my own thinking is just to stay organized and methodical about what’s possible and then try to you know manage that and then the other side of it I think that’s important to look at is that families are all over the place right now.
You know if you have the ability for one parent to be home and you know helping out, that’s really fortunate and that’s the piece of things if you have the financial resources or the medical coverage right now there’s all sorts of things here there that’s so variable then you have other families where you have two working parents and a child who has intense needs you know and then they can’t go to school and you know and that’s a whole other discussion. So, the way I typically as opposed to giving, I think the first step before giving specific advice is just organizing like what is possible nowadays. How can I organize our thinking at least in terms of planning. I think it’s a valuable first step. I mean we have to look at it what’s the situation in our household individually and what’s possible and I think you can look at it I’m in my mind I sort of loosely break it into four parts in essence and I think that it’s a framework that you can come back to periodically to reorganize or readjust. So, one piece of things is looking at what’s possible in terms of my school supports.
So, in terms of individualizing some of the supports your talking about, we can look at either introducing or adapting like a 504 plan or an IEP, and while it isn’t, I imagine no one’s had the time to push what the legal bounds are here, certainly the right thing to do is to recognize is that those supports is supposed to support someone’s education quite broadly. If you’re in a situation where you should add more online learning indefinitely then the schools have to adapt to the needs of diverse children with special education requirements. So, most learn for example on one on ones. Might want to push for the 504 plan, IEP, to add more Facetime online time because it’s going to go better than any group situation. Might be more, more of an increase in the therapies a little bit because they’re one on one and certainly in terms of some of the bullet points that you were asking about one of the single most practical things we can ask schools to do or do ourselves if our school won’t is, it might seem trivial but it’s a big deal, is to just organize each school day into a single list because I think a lot of parents and kids are getting swamped by, you know there’s a school day but it’s being posted in like six or seven different places and we haven’t really started to talk about the specifics, but it’s really important to look at ADHD for example kind of as an organizational disorder. It’s not an intention disorder really.
So, if you have a disorder of self-management skills or organization like anything you can do facilitate organization and staying on task can be epic. So just one step you know like here’s the one to keep track of for the day and it can link out to any other websites. It can be a huge deal. So, it’s one piece of things and I’ll pause in a minute so we can talk about some of the details.
HR: Oh, no don’t let me interrupt you’re on a great role here. Keep going. I’m learning so much.
MB: Okay, however you want to do it. So the educational pieces, usually it means thinking outside the box because you know we have you know educational plans can be confusing enough during difficult times but now we have to think about how can we ask the school to do things in a way that meets our child’s needs at home. That’s one piece and then the second piece, which is where it’s such an uneven playing field, I mean it’s just not fair the way our country set up in terms of resources right now or what can I do as a family you know that will help support our children are home, so the second piece of survive outside of school what can we do, and that can be again if you’re looking at ADHD in particular you we’re so it’s like what are we capable of his parents and helping kids set up a school day that’s really structured instead of keeping it open-ended, and that’s some major thing for ADHD in particular. It could be adding extra supports like tutoring, which is you know this is already being written about and discussed a lot I mean you know this is another way our country is getting more skewed because certainly if you have the resources while education is being so profoundly disrupted, small group or one-on-one tutoring is you know is way more effective for a lot of kids and just keep him up while we’re waiting for things to get back to normal.
I guess I’m not completely thinking about it in the same way you are particularly because at some point I’m assuming that we’re getting back to some new normal, but we’ll see. I suppose he was right but the thing is a home, and then the third part of that which we haven’t gotten to is, trying to meet our needs as parents because it is completely overwhelming and it’s miserable sometimes to look in and feel like you want to be doing more and you can’t right now, and you know there’s just that the bottom line message sometimes of when we take care of ourselves even a little bit as parents you know that helps our kids so you’re trying to figure out how to deal with her own you know it’s like obviously our kids come first. It’s not like when we were young and single, and we could just go away for the weekend just because we felt like that was the right thing to do. We have a lot of responsibilities, Within that it’s useful I mean one of the best piece of advice which I probably over quote that I ever got was going into medical school which, I mean there’s nothing special about medical school in our lives that are stressful and demanding was when you get there find one thing that helps keep you sane and grounded and no matter how crazy it gets don’t let go that one thing. I think that’s useful advice for any of us in any situation. I mean this is a complete mess and we all have to stay strong so as a parent like what can you prioritize for yourself that will help you stay resilient because when we more grounded, that helps our kids. Of course, that’s what lead me to start that type of thinking that concern would lead me into a certain type of mindfulness of pediatrics in the first place.
Tips For Avoiding Parenting Overwhelm
HR: You know people when I listen to so many people in the first place when they talk about the family and they talk about the parents during these tough times, it reminds me once when I got booed [Laughs] at a regional Boys & Girls Club meeting, because you know here in Fort Lauderdale, we have 12 clubs and I’m a past chair the corporate board here. We served 12,000 at-risk youths at the Boys & Girls Clubs of Broward County here in Fort Lauderdale and I was speaking at a regional thing on the speaker before me. It was so good and so well-intentioned. It was about the parents need to do this and the parents need to do that and everything I got up and said if you go to the Hackie Reitman Boys and Girls Club on Broward Boulevard behind I-95 and you ask the kids to raise their hands if they got two parents at home nobody raises their hands. So, you’re talking about foster kids, talking about grandparents, talking about individuals, and now if you add schooling on top of that, we were only the meals they were getting. We would’ve been able to still serve the kids food if the parents could come by and pick it up. Could you care to address that a little bit?
MB: Oh, totally. I mean, there is a basic reality of what were capable as parents too, and you have to put that in the mix. It’s not, there’s a lot of discussion sometimes that it cuts both ways a little. On the one hand, you just have to start from what’s actually possible, and there’s are a lot of interventions you can do that do rely heavily on parents and if you don’t sort of explore what is apparent capable of literally, logistically, you’re not going to get anywhere, and there’s a lot of kids who you know both parents work, one parent’s home and there’s four kids, you know somebody has really intense neurodevelopmental needs that require you know more constant attention almost. There are all sorts of things that undermine what are parents are capable of and we have to talk about that, and we have to talk about parents’ emotional health too. There was a paper years ago looking at ADHD alone that had something just called decision making angst, which is just the overwhelm of having to constantly make these hard choices. So, all when I sit upon the table if were really going to address the needs with these parents and families. The flip side, which is nuances, but worth examining every once in a while, is that kids really do require adult support sometimes, and a lot of the times, the analogy is use is kind of like pushing a boulder over a hill, so it’s like choosing your battles and if there are times where even though you don’t have much to give as a parent, like if you can rally for you know three to six weeks of somebody plan things get so much easier afterwards. You know, there is that exploration sometimes.
You know, when it comes to when it starts feeling like Sisyphus, I mean that actually to me is when it’s time to come back to this sort of overall model of re-examining our whole plan that I talked about. I mean that would be the short of it, which I think is an important part of life anyway. We try something and then we have to sort of check in once in a while to see if it’s working. So, the analogy of pushing a boulder over a hill is not a warm and fuzzy one, but at the same time, it’s true sometimes that you know if like for example if a child’s acting out a lot of home, you know it’s really hard to be really serious about a behavioral plan but often if you can just you know hold that to even though you’re overwhelmed if you can pull that together you know for a short stretch of time then their behavior gets better then you know that a month from now you know you’re going to be putting in less effort to grab a little more time and space and that’s real. If it does start feeling like Sisyphus that’s why I use this overall model. I think that the important thing to do then is to step back and reexamine what’s possible. What can I change? Some things are working now. So when you start feeling there, you need to step back and say okay you know and then that’s why I start thinking and halfway through, but these areas of life are working you know if it’s not working do I need to change the school plan, do I need a different resource at home? You know its totally understandable that it’s not always possible, but you want to examine and see if its possible. Is there something that I’m doing at home that needs to change, or someone I need to call, or something you know if it starts feeling like Sisyphus, you got to step back.
HR: Change the status quo, it’s not your fault.
MB: Yeah, something in the plan isn’t working. What can I what am I capable of shifting right now? Before I get into mindfulness, I’ll just mention the last two things really quickly and then get you more detail, but the rest of the way that I look at things that there’s a third piece of things that has to do with health. That’s a big thing. We’ll talk about resilience, talk about learning, and then talk about neurodiverse people, children who often you know have issues with sleep or aren’t exercising much you know there’s this whole health piece.
MB: Yeah Diet. So, health is a whole thing, like you can sort of check in once in awhile. And then the last one and then I’ll come back to mindfulness like you asked, but in terms of the four pieces of reexamining is the medical piece. It’s just looking at is there something medical or around medication that needs to be looked.
HR: So, let’s review for our audience at this time. The list of the four things.
MB: So, its school-based supports, family-based supports, health, and medical. Medication or medical. So, when it starts feeling like Sisyphus, which it certainly is reasonable in retrospect, it may in the middle of everything going on at times. You know, that’s what you can control. I think that it covers almost everything, and you can just look at not necessarily all things at once. Like okay on one side something’s not going right you know that school is incredible stress every day, you know what what’s the next change we can make or what’s possible. Or do we have to reconfigure something about our school or at home, and even the medication piece which is something I tend to be very methodical about, I sort of work my way there in most situations, In the middle of a pandemic it might not be the time to watch and wait quite as long because it’s like call in order for trying to get a handle on a real crisis and you know they can be helpful for some kids and it might be worth discussing also.
ADHD and Executive Functioning
HR: Do you consider as one of the world’s authorities on ADHD, which I consider it, would you say it’s more of a focus or more of an executive function?
MB: Oh, I think the only way to look at ADHD and really get a handle on it is to see it as a concrete delay and executive function skills. So executive function, in a way to define it, is more or less like the brain manager. There’s a part of the brain, a skill set, that’s responsible for organization, planning, prioritization, the way I shorthand it with parents or ask parents as shorthand it is if you have to put the word management to it is probably has to do with executive function. You have to manage your attention. So, when kids have attention issues, they don’t have a short attention span alone. They have hard shifting attention, they can’t get hyper focused, they can’t attend my gets demanding, so you know you have to manage your attention, manage papers, manage social situations, manage your emotions, so anything you can put the word management to is executive function based, and if you put ADHD in the attention box you’re going to way out manage yourself because this is way more than that, and so when it comes to ADHD, again it’s always good to have a general approach to something and then the details. I mean a really vital, general, approach to people with ADHD is that some people kind of thumbnail it as a third layer of self-management skills. You know, I have a brilliant 9-year-old who academically you can do eleven or twelve-year-old work, but their self-management skills are like a six-year-old. You know, so in the short run, the interventions are what’s going to catch him up but in the short run, that’s what his skills are like. You know how would I approach the school day recognizing that he is really demanding academic work to do but his self-management skills like time management, organization, staying on task, are more like a six-year old, and by the way this is where it directly become stressful to parents of course you can’t say that without realizing that ADHD inherently puts more demand on adults. There’s no you can’t that’s why you always have to work with families to me. I mean you can’t separate the two things cause immediately all of the interactions rely on adults.
HR: Can you tell us about your books?
MB: I can, that comes back to my questions getting answered by the way, because it all ties together mindfulness.
HR: Lets talk about mindfulness first.
MB: The answers overlap, really in some ways. So, I’ll start with mindfulness because it all ties together. Mindfulness is a word that gets used many different ways now and it’s almost cliched it’s been in the pop culture, its almost becoming a headline, but its been around for centuries and you know the core premise of it is really not what people often think. It’s not about being calm all the time or like you’re perfect in some way. It’s really the opposite. I mean the core premise or premise practice is that life is inherently changing all the time and if we can start a train ourselves to live without with Morty’s you know it makes our lives better so it’s not it’s like a gym program, just like the boxing analogy. It’s just like training. We have all this metal how to read results over lifetime turns out the brain and there’s this concept of neuroplasticity, which is you know at least to a degree you made me can retrain our brains and create different habits that help us manage things, so the definition of mindfulness in its simplest edition is usually in essence giving moment-to-moment unbiased attention to what’s going on basically and each of those pieces is I hope practical. It’s meant to be mindfulness is supposed to be something anybody can do it’s been studying like cross-culturally, Intercity, you know it’s all over the place, because you know what it really means is that we tend to spend our lives caught up in reactivity, future, past, you never doing one thing that our minds is 11 years in the future or somebody annoys us and were of on our little this is what I do when I get annoyed spin and while that’s going on, were kind of on auto-pilot. We’re not thinking clearly. We’re not re-examining our assumptions. We’re just not at our best and its intuitive to most people. You know, you just have these moments where you just on vacation or just having a good day and you just you just see things clearly you just see things in a reality-based way. So, the practice of mindfulness is just about trying to reach that kind of resilience more consistently. It’s also not meant to be passive. You know there’s also a fear that we’re supposed to be okay with everything. It’s actually quite the opposite. The goal is you left so that you can see clearly you know if there’s something to be done. Which you know, so in a moment of crisis, you know even navigating that is going to be more straightforward if we can think clearly. So, the real premise is that you know without putting some effort into it, we tend to be caught up in reactivity, which makes more reactivity. You know, if you want to look at it from the point of view of stress it’s like when we’re stressed, we think differently. You know when we’re thinking stressful thoughts, that makes our body and our emotional state, which changes how we think again, and it just sort of escalates constantly. So, it might cause us to try to practice something that helps us, so that it said the core practice doesn’t have to leave it off and is a practice of meditation, but it’s very specific kind. You’re not trying to make anything magical happen. It’s just that you just get yourself more often when you’re caught up in your thinking and caught up somewhere else and come back to you know giving full attention. You know for example, a friend of mine who practices mindfulness is a surgeon and he says he’s been trying to teach it to the interns because he finds they get too much and autopilot distracted when they’re finishing up a surgery because they’re sowing it and they’ve sown it a million times before ,so they’re not really paying attention and he’s just trying to teach them you know each stitch you throw you have to pause long enough to know exactly where that sutures going. You have to give full attention to that moment because maybe it’s different this time. Make sure you’re doing it correctly. So, mindfulness is about seeing with precision in that way and with our kids they pick up on it right away. It’s that moment where we catch ourselves because you know we’re hanging out playing but 80% of our brain is dealing with a work problem and they know the difference of mindfulness. First day of mindfulness might just be catching ourselves at that moment and for the next few minutes, the most important thing is to try to get full attention to you know this game right now and ill deal with work later and it just comes a habit and an imperfect one, it’s not that a habit of getting caught up in the future is going to go away completely.
HR: That’s interesting. There’s a lot of physiology to that too.
MB: Yeah, there’s a science to that now, which is actually how I got here. What does a lot you know why I did this why I think it’s valuable really my books too, you know what happened for me is that I was fortunate enough that somebody introduced me to it as a medical resident. You know I was obviously we all that same message. That was what was stressful to me at that time and all have our stresses and I found it very helpful, but I kept it to myself for quite a long time. This was before it became popular in essence and then what happened was, I went to a medical conference about the science of mindfulness, stress management, and neuroplasticity. You know, a lot of famous researchers and speakers there, and really on weekend and I realized to myself, this is crazy. I’m working in this field where everyone is overwhelmed, you’re really having a hard time managing stuff, and this is practical and real and its like you know since that point, which was about the early 1990s, the research has totally taken off. There is now plenty of research showing that helps with stress, anxiety, physically changes the brain in different ways, some of it in short amounts of time. There’s a Harvard study showing a growth in the area of the brain related to emotional self-management after about eight weeks of practice and so the point is that
HR: I’m sorry to interrupt the concept.
MB: No please, go ahead.
HR: I had was just something that I recently got into. The concept I had was that you had to spend hours in there with bells and candles and 10 minutes in. The way I approach it is the same way when I reboot my computer. You know just take a couple of minutes and then and now let me get back to non-interrupting. I’m sorry, I just wanted to say that to our audience.
MB: That’s a great thing to say and it’s about reality and you know if you’re a parent are not going to do hours and hours with bells and whistles it’s just like you catch yourself when you can. You know you do five minutes, then ten minutes. There was a study done a few years ago where they just taught people how to wash their hands mindfully, which is again it can sound like mumbo-jumbo, but it’s very practical. It’s like you can wash the dishes. You can do a wash your hands nowadays. You can get caught up in washing the dishes and how much you resent it and because at school at work and I wish my partner would do the dishes once in a while and you spend the whole time the core of the practice is simply that you can there’s ways to just bring your awareness back like you can be all caught up and all that anxiety and resentment or you can just focus on physically what it feels like to be washing dishes because not forcing anything to happen but just cause it’s something to pay attention to innocence after a week of that practice people’s anxiety level was starting to come down because it’s just a reboot for a few minutes and you break that stress cycle and if people get in a habit of breaking that more often, it helps you stay more subtle more often. So, from that point forward in my professional life, I started talking about my phone directly, integrating into my clinical practice, speaking about it.
HR: It’s a real tool. It’s a real tool.
MB: It’s a really valuable tool and should never be packaged or sold as a fix, but it’s a very valuable support for lots of other things. So, in ADHD care for example, ADHD is overwhelming stress producing disorder. It really is because it’s a life management disorder so it’s very hard for people to have it because they get overwhelmed trying to keep up with life. You know, it’s hard for their parents for all the reasons we talked about. In any part of life when you’re trying to make a change happen, it’s really hard when you’re disrupted and feel overwhelmed. So, mindfulness can be a tool that helps you feel more resilient, feel more consistently settled, and that enables you do to some of the other things consistently because ADHD requires lots. You know, you’ve got to manage dealing with your school and you got to do these things differently home to get homework done and got tough navigate choices to make about medication you know your child doesn’t want to exercise but you want them to and it’s all stressful. So, mindfulness is a tool that helps you navigate all that and that’s true for any of us in any situation. It’s also very I mean I feel like in the middle of everything going on right now, it’s important to just acknowledge that its also very reality based. It’s not saying that you’re happy with things, its acknowledging whatever’s actually going on so, you know it isn’t always pretty like it set up to be. it’s like a totally can be recognized at the start of this is totally overwhelming and I don’t know what to do and it’s important to acknowledge that if that’s how you’re feeling because it’s part of what’s going on.
Dr. Bertin’s Books
HR: You got your different systems; your parasympathetic system and you know your breathing. Let’s talk about your books.
MB: Okay, so the books then just to continue that thought, you know my passion is sort of integrating mindfulness, which I now really think is part of evidence-based practice into supporting families. So, I have a fourth book coming out, but the two books I wrote about ADHD are integrate mindfulness as a support for all the rest of kind of evidence-based ADHD, and I always want to present things in a way that just makes it as accessible as possible to parents and families so were kind of just using plain language. Help families understand first of all why from an ADHD point of view, it’s important to really like not an academically way understand what executive functions is because from the ADHD point of view, you know the science has outstripped a lot of the older books in the a lot of sort of its understanding it as an attention disorder. So, as a parent, if you want to understand ADHD fully and support someone, it’s not about the medication or not the medication or the 504 plan or not the 504 plan, its really understanding how executive function impacts life across-the-board. You know, for example, it’s been linked to obesity. I mean it’s like it’s all over the place. So, it’s really meant to be a practical support for families and then, it’s in there if you want it’s not required if you don’t want it is this mindfulness piece and how mindfulness helps all the practice for yourself and maybe for your kids that helps you navigate this tough situation. So, those two books integrate.
HR: What are the names of the books?
MB: The first book was family ADHD solution, which was kind of a narrative approach to it all the workbook that came out called the mindful parenting for ADHD. The third one I wrote was called How Children Thrive, which is really bringing a lot of the same concepts into general parenting. I guess the short hand of that, we sort of come up with little bit, as it’s kind of done to modern science of back to the basics parenting and one of the things, its really valuable to hold onto in the middle of just the chaos. This is even before the pandemic obviously, but just of the internet-based world we’re living in, the pressures and there’s so much being sold to us at parents and kids are being pushed so hard so young to recognize that the science of childhood hasn’t really changed and what really helps children grow up strong and resilient are things that any family can do. So, that other book. It’s more of a general approach to supporting kids that integrates mindfulness again and then in the next book that’s coming out is the first book that I’m writing for teens.
HR: What I’ve learned today, okay, that crystalized for me that I had an idea about what which is really that ADHD, like some of the other entity, should be renamed because it’s a misdirection you know and I’m kind of seeing all of our brains is being on a spectrum. Not on an Autism Spectrum, but on a spectrum, and these different entities have different traits more or less and you’re seeing all of the overlap as a developmental pediatrician because nothing exists in the vacuum. You can’t have your ADHD or your Autism or you name it without some degree of anxiety without some degree of say some depression. At the other end of the spectrum, you can’t have the cognitive impairment or early Alzheimer’s without having lots of overlap and you can’t have Down syndrome without a 50% chance of developing else so it all comes together and you, you Dr. Mark Bertin. You have to save all of us.
MB: [Laughs] That’s a lot to ask but …
HR: Please do though please do. Can you please tell the audience how they can learn more about you?
MB: I have a website which is developmentaldoctor.com. It certainly has information about me, but also, practically speaking, it’s important to say that it has a lot of resource pages on it. So, if you want evidence-based information on ADHD and Autism, you know mindfulness, there’s a useful resource section to it also.
HR: What’s the biggest take today that you would tell our audience about ADHD? The biggest single thing you can tell them.
MB: I think I said it several times. The most practical things that were said under ADHD that really helps it manage it more thoroughly is that it is a delay in executive function, self- management skills, you know, and not what we typically used to think of it as an attention disorder in isolation. You’re going to start to think again what executive function means later today just as a wonky scientific word and a lot of solutions will come together for you.
HR: Well Dr. Mark Bertin, thank you so much for teaching us today about ADHD and everything associated with it. I personally learned a lot but I’m sure our whole audience did. Thank you so much for all you do.
MB: Thank you. I appreciate the opportunity to be here. Appreciate it. | <urn:uuid:870dce8a-5c15-4f62-b868-5f399bf252cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.differentbrains.org/mindfulness-parenting-adhd-with-mark-bertin-m-d-edb-220/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.969878 | 7,924 | 1.875 | 2 |
Letter to Auburn KinderCare Parents
This letter is being submitted on August 24, 2014 for EC100/EEC1700 Section 3 Foundations of Child Development.
Dear Parents of KinderCare’s Children, My name is Victoria Barnes and I have worked in the Early Childhood Education field for over 6 years. Currently I have been employed here at Auburn’s KinderCare since September of 2013. My responsibility to KinderCare is of a Program Supervisor and Assistant Infant teacher. This letter has been prepared for you in order to better help you understand our foundation of Early Childhood Development. With this letter, my hopes will be that you will have learned how we better prepare our children’s futures by sharing with you how your child will learn and grow physically, intellectually, socially and emotionally other wise known as PILES.
Every child is their own person and they develop at their own pace. Many theorists have studied children and have documented their view points on how they learn and grow. B.F Skinner, a behavioral theorist explained that both positive and negative reinforcement affects a child's development. (Marotz & Allen, 2013). For example, he did an experiment with rats. He placed one into a box, then sent an electric current through it. As it moved around, it would accidentally bump into the lever and the electric current would shut off. It soon learned that it was placed in the box to shut the current off. The rat knew that it could avoid the current by shutting it off so it would go to the switch repeatedly. This relates to children because when a child has good behavior, they get rewarded and will want to continue that behavior happily and willingly. Whereas if they behave negatively, they will not get rewarded, so they avoid it. If they do misbehave, they learn to except the consequences. Maria Montessori believed that children learn and grow best through hands on activities, she believed that every child should express creativity. For example,she would have children be put into small groups and have access to all kinds of materials. They are still guided by the teacher but their project is open ended. I agree with their theories because children should encouraged to be creative and learn in a positive way.
By taking pieces from each theory I am able to implement developmentally appropriate practices properly, and guide your child through each of their milestones. As the infant teacher my main goal is
LETTER 3 to lay the foundation for your child's growth and development. I constantly give them positive reinforcement once they've reached a milestone, for example, When a child is starting to walk. They may only be taking a few steps, but they are starting to recognize that I get excited for them so it encourages them to continue to practice. Working in early childhood education I have come up with my own theory of how to meet a child's developmental needs. I have a strong identification with Maria Montessori and B.F Skinner's theories. Montessori's theory of hands on exploration and creativity, and B.F Skinner's reinforcing behavior theory. Infants are very observant. They are great people watchers. As they get older and more mobile, they will learn to explore a bit more as they reach each milestone and I will encourage them every step of the way. At KinderCare we focus on your child's physical, intellectual, so and emotional needs. My philosophy of how your child learns and grows is going to incorporate all of these areas of development. For their physical needs, I like to do art projects, such as finger painting, coloring with crayons, and ripping paper. These help with fine motor skills and hand eye coordination. As the infant teacher one of my obligations is to help the child learn how to walk. If they are old enough and have the strength to stand pretty well, with help, I | <urn:uuid:61a4f809-c1f4-4eb1-921c-25b072874d0b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.majortests.com/essay/Adonaldson-Peerreview-091114-588588.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.971727 | 793 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Liquid trichloroethylene evaporates quickly into the air. It is nonflammable and has a sweet odor.
The two major uses of trichloroethylene are as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts and as a chemical that is used to make other chemicals, especially the refrigerant, HFC-134a. Trichloroethylene has also been used as an extraction solvent for greases, oils, fats, waxes, and tars; by the textile processing industry to scour cotton, wool, and other fabrics; in dry cleaning operations; and as a component of adhesives, lubricants, paints, varnishes, paint strippers, pesticides, and cold metal cleaners.
Trichloroethylene is commonly found in outdoor air at levels far less than 1 part per million (ppm). Trichloroethylene levels of approximately 1–100 ppm have been measured in workplace air at facilities that use trichloroethylene for metal degreasing. Trichloroethylene levels as high as 20 parts per billion (ppb) have been measured in air inside homes and public places. Trichloroethylene is broken down quickly in air. People who live near facilities that use trichloroethylene or near hazardous waste sites containing trichloroethylene may have a higher exposure to this substance.
Trichloroethylene has been found in drinking water samples at many locations in the United States. Levels at these locations are typically less than 30 parts per billion (ppb). Trichloroethylene breaks down slowly in surface water and is removed mostly through evaporation to air. Trichloroethylene can slowly enter groundwater from contaminated surface water. Trichloroethylene is expected to remain in groundwater for long periods of time since it is not able to readily evaporate from groundwater.
Trichloroethylene can also move through soil and contaminate groundwater. Trichloroethylene breaks down slowly in soil and is removed mostly through evaporation to air. Trichloroethylene in soil (and to some extent in groundwater) may evaporate and migrate into air spaces beneath buildings to enter the indoor air, a process termed vapor intrusion.
You are most likely to be exposed to trichloroethylene by drinking trichloroethylene-contaminated water; you may also be exposed by breathing trichloroethylene released to the air from trichloroethylenecontaminated water. If you work in the degreasing industry or other industry where trichloroethylene is used, you may be exposed by breathing in trichloroethylene-contaminated air or by contacting the chemical with your skin.
Trichloroethylene in air can easily enter your body when you breathe. Most of the trichloroethylene that you breathe in will go into your bloodstream and into other organs. A small amount of trichloroethylene in the air can also move through your skin and into your bloodstream.
When trichloroethylene is found in water, it can enter your body when you drink or touch the water or when you breathe in steam from the water. Most of the trichloroethylene that you breathe in or drink will move from your stomach or lungs into your bloodstream. When you touch water containing trichloroethylene (such as showering or bathing with trichloroethylene-contaminated water), some of it can get through your skin into your body.
You can also be exposed to trichloroethylene in soil when small amounts of soil are transferred to your mouth accidentally, when your skin touches the soil, or when you breathe air or dust coming from the soil.
Trichloroethylene has been detected in table-ready foods at concentrations generally in the range of 2–100 ppb.
When the body absorbs more trichloroethylene than it can break down quickly, some of the trichloroethylene or its breakdown products can be stored in body fat for a brief period. However, once absorption ceases, trichloroethylene and its breakdown products quickly leave the fat.
You will quickly breathe out much of the trichloroethylene that reaches your bloodstream; most of the trichloroethylene breakdown products leave your body in the urine within a day.
The health effects of trichloroethylene depend on how much trichloroethylene you are exposed to and the length of that exposure. Environmental monitoring data suggest that any trichloroethylene levels the public might encounter by direct contact or through air, water, food, or soil, are generally much lower than the levels at which adverse effects are elicited in animal studies.
People who are overexposed to moderate amounts of trichloroethylene may experience headaches, dizziness, and sleepiness; large amounts of trichloroethylene may cause coma and even death. Some people who breathe high levels of trichloroethylene may develop damage to some of the nerves in the face. Other effects seen in people exposed to high levels of trichloroethylene include evidence of nervous system effects related to hearing, seeing, and balance, changes in the rhythm of the heartbeat, liver damage, and evidence of kidney damage. Some people who get concentrated solutions of trichloroethylene on their skin develop rashes.
Relatively short-term exposure of animals to trichloroethylene resulted in harmful effects on the nervous system, liver, respiratory system, kidneys, blood, immune system, heart, and body weight.
Exposure to trichloroethylene in the workplace may cause scleroderma (a systemic autoimmune disease) in some people. Some men occupationally-exposed to trichloroethylene and other chemicals showed decreases in sex drive, sperm quality, and reproductive hormone levels.
Long-term exposure studies in animals have mainly focused on carcinogenicity and relatively insensitive noncancer end points following oral exposure; these studies are not helpful in defining noncancer end points in humans following long-term exposure. However, depressed body weight and evidence of effects on the thymus were reported in one recent study of mice exposed to trichloroethylene via their mothers during gestation and lactation and via the drinking water for up to 12 months thereafter.
There is strong evidence that trichloroethylene can cause kidney cancer in people and some evidence that it causes liver cancer and malignant lymphoma (a blood cancer). Lifetime exposure to trichloroethylene resulted in increased liver cancer in mice and increased kidney cancer in rats at relatively high exposure levels. There is some evidence for trichloroethylene-induced testicular cancer and leukemia in rats and lymphomas and lung tumors in mice.
It is not known whether children are more susceptible than adults to the effects of trichloroethylene.
Some human studies indicate that trichloroethylene may cause developmental effects such as spontaneous abortion, congenital heart defects, central nervous system defects, and small birth weight. However, these people were exposed to other chemicals as well. In some animal studies, exposure to trichloroethylene during development may have caused effects such as decreased body weight, increased incidences of heart defects, functional or structural changes in the developing nervous system, and effects on the immune system.
Exposure to contaminated drinking water should be limited. Trichloroethylene has been detected in some drinking water supplies. For bottled water, consumers should contact the bottler with specific questions on potential contaminants.
If you live near an industrial site where trichloroethylene is produced or is a byproduct or you live near a hazardous waste site where it has been discarded, there may be high levels of trichloroethylene in the water and soil. If you find your home water supply and/or soil to be contaminated with trichloroethylene, consider using a cleaner source of water and limiting contact with soil (for example, through use of a dense ground cover or thick lawn) to reduce exposure to trichloroethylene. Produce grown in contaminated soil should not be eaten. By paying careful attention to dust and dirt control in the home (air filters, frequent cleaning), you can reduce family exposure to contaminated dirt. Some children eat a lot of dirt. You should prevent your children from eating dirt. You should discourage your children from putting objects in their mouths. Make sure that children wash their hands frequently and before eating. Discourage your children from putting their hands in their mouths or from other hand-to-mouth activity.
Trichloroethylene is widely used as a solvent for extraction, waterless drying, and finishing, and as a general purpose solvent in adhesives, lubricants, paints, varnishes, paint strippers, pesticides, and cold metal cleaners. Follow instructions on product labels to minimize exposure to trichloroethylene.
However, the detection of trichloroethylene or its metabolites cannot predict the kind of health effects that might develop from that exposure, partly because exposure to other chemicals can produce byproducts similar to those observed following exposure to trichloroethylene. Because trichloroethylene and its metabolites leave the body fairly rapidly, the tests need to be conducted within a few hours after exposure. Tests for trichloroethylene and its metabolites in the blood or urine require special analytical equipment not readily available at medical facilities.
Some regulations and recommendations for trichloroethylene include:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences
1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-57
Atlanta, GA 30329-4027
Toll-free information and technical assistance: | <urn:uuid:caeefe0c-2872-4ba4-8709-0bd19b2dbd98> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/sites/toxzine/trichloroethylene_toxzine.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.942873 | 2,081 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Fall 2022 - HSCI 160 D100
Global Perspectives on Health (3)
Class Number: 2137
Delivery Method: In Person
An introduction to the differences in health and health services among the nations of the globe. Vulnerable sub-populations worldwide and their special health needs. Mechanisms whereby events in one country can impact health in another. Future worldwide health risks, their economic and health consequences. SARS, avian 'flu,' West Nile virus, 'mad cow disease,' antibiotic resistant malaria or tuberculosis. Dangers to rich and poor nations from ignoring health problems in developing world. Breadth-Social Sciences.
The primary aim of the course is to engage and inspire students about the opportunities and challenges in global health. The course covers issues in global health from many different viewpoints and provides general understanding of factors/dynamics that affect the health of human populations and efforts to improve it. What is the difference between the health of an individual and the health of a population, vulnerable populations, and global population? What’s the burden of disease and who shoulders the greatest proportion of it and why? What are the determinants of health, what’s the role of culture, lifestyle, health beliefs, environmental factors, access to health services and other resources? The course will answer these and many other questions from the global perspective; it will also look at the changing pattern of population health and diseases in the world and will discuss major challenges and emerging issues.
COURSE-LEVEL EDUCATIONAL GOALS:
By the end of the course, students will be able to demonstrate an understanding of:
- Key public health concepts, including: demographic and epidemiological transitions, burden of disease, impact of key health conditions on individuals and communities, and critical issues in health services delivery;
- The determinants of health and risk factors for diseases and conditions from the global perspective;
- The burden of disease in various regions of the world and how it varies both within and across countries; health disparities, vulnerable populations;
- The multi-directional links between health and socio-economic factors,
- The role of the key actors/organizations in global health and the manner in which they cooperate to address global health issues
- Online Quizzes 20%
- Project One - Burden of Disease 35%
- Project Two - Minister's Report 35%
- Online Courses 10%
The course website on Canvas will be used intensively both for learning and communication purposes. All course related materials and required readings will be posted under the Modules link for each week. The website also will serve as a platform for distributing announcements, posting useful links, running discussion sections, posting questions, communication with the instructor, etc. Assignments will be posted on Canvas and students are expected to submit their work through the Assignment folder. It is the students’ responsibility to check the course website regularly and obtain up to date information about the course and due dates.
Expectations: Academic integrity and honesty
Academic dishonesty is a serious academic offence. Please familiarize yourself with these guidelines and note that any form of plagiarism, cheating, or other academic dishonesty will be investigated and are subject to disciplinary action by the University.
You are also responsible for knowing and understanding what plagiarism is. It is explained in this tutorial:
It is highly recommended that all students take this tutorial at the beginning of the semester.
Important: Due Dates
Assignment due dates are firm. In case of not meeting the due date student should notify the instructor as soon as possible (but at least one week prior to the assignment due date) to request extension or arrange a new deadline. Late submissions will be penalized; the final numeric mark will be lowered by 5% per day to a maximum of 15%. Assignments submitted later than three days may not be graded.
If students must miss a deadline due to illness, emergency, or other urgent reason, contact the instructor ASAP to discuss it. Alternative arrangements may or may not be made at the instructor’s discretion.
Contacting the Instructor
The best way to contact the instructor is through CANVAS. If you need to contact the Instructor privately through email (firstname.lastname@example.org), the subject of your email MUST have HSCI160. Your full name and the student ID should be in your e-mail’s body. Emails lacking the necessary format of the subject line might not be answered on a timely manner. Please make sure you follow these instructions to receive help quickly and efficiently.
MATERIALS + SUPPLIES:
Textbook: Richard Skolnik, Global Health 101, Fourth Edition, 2016.
Electronic copies available at SFU Bookstore and https://www.jblearning.com/catalog/productdetails/9781284145380
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY: YOUR WORK, YOUR SUCCESS
SFU’s Academic Integrity web site http://www.sfu.ca/students/academicintegrity.html is filled with information on what is meant by academic dishonesty, where you can find resources to help with your studies and the consequences of cheating. Check out the site for more information and videos that help explain the issues in plain English.
Each student is responsible for his or her conduct as it affects the University community. Academic dishonesty, in whatever form, is ultimately destructive of the values of the University. Furthermore, it is unfair and discouraging to the majority of students who pursue their studies honestly. Scholarly integrity is required of all members of the University. http://www.sfu.ca/policies/gazette/student/s10-01.html | <urn:uuid:e13812b3-2009-4a18-ac25-2ad54a91e4c5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.sfu.ca/outlines.html?2022/fall/hsci/160/d100 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.92214 | 1,212 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Pine Mountain Settlement School
Series 09: Biography – Friends, Visitors
Ladies of the Kentucky Aid Society
Blanche Rannells, Cleveland, Ohio
BLANCHE RANNELLS Our Mountain Neighbors 1924
TAGS: Blanche Rannells; Blanche Rupe Rannells; Blanche Brewer; Our Mountain Neighbors; Ladies of the Kentucky Aid Society; Pine Mountain Settlement School; Hindman Settlement School; New York City; philanthropy; civic responsibility; Appalachian settlement schools; community; industrial training; poetry; Ann Cobb; rural settlement work; mountain settlement work;
[We are looking for more information about Blanche Rannells. Please contact firstname.lastname@example.org if you have information to share.]
Blanche Rannells, the author of Our Mountain Neighbors and founder of the Ladies of the Kentucky Aid Society and speaker at the Civic Club at Tipp City, Ohio on April 21, 1924, was a staunch supporter of mountain settlement schools. When she spoke to the Civic Club at Tipp City, Ohio in 1924, about settlement schools in the Southern Appalachian mountains she focused on the need for women to support the mountain institutions of Pine Mountian Settlement School and Hindman Settlement School, the earliest rural settlement schools in the Southern Appalachians.
Mrs. Blanche Rannells Brewer, mother of Blanche Rupe Rannells was a resident of Argos, Indiana. She was connected to Hindman Settlement and then to Pine Mountian through mutual friends who were apparently associated with the Women’s Clubs of Kentucky. Her father the Rev. J. C. Rupe, was the pastor at the Argos United Methodist Church in Argos, Indiana for many years and was also in later years a pastor for the Evangelical United Brethren denomination. Blanche U. Rupe, one of Rev. Rupe’s three daughters, was influenced by a growing trend among the clergy and women’s clubs of the day, that sought to address what they believed to be a growing problem with “poor whites” in the mountains of the South.
In the 1950s’ the Rupe family appears to have moved to Altoona, PA where Rev. Rupe served as Superintendent of the E.U.B. (Evangelical United Brethren] in the area. The efforts of the Evangelical United Brethren were instrumental in the formation of Red Bird Mission School in Bell County, Kentucky. It is not known if Rev. Rupe or his daughter had any later relationship with this Kentucky mission school which is similar in many ways to Pine Mountain Settlement and Hindman Settlement schools and is located in the adjacent Bell County.
Just how Blanche Rannells first connected with Pine Mountian is not fully known, but she is recognized as the founder of the Ladies of the Kentucky Aid Society. During that active time, she was married to Mr. Rannells and was living at 1853 East 75th Street which appears to be a Cleveland, Ohio address and not a Kentucky address.
The connection of Appalachian settlement schools with such intensely urban women as Rannells was not unusual for the time and the growing social awareness of Rannells fits well with the growing interest in social service occupations of women, particularly those exposed to the urban settlement movement. Henry House in New York, Hull House in Chicago, and other settlement houses in the large eastern and mid-western cities attracted a growing number of women who were being educated in elite eastern women’s colleges, particularly Vasser, Mt. Holyoke, Smith, Wellesley and other women’s colleges. It is unclear where Rannells fits in this educational picture or what prompted her interest in the settlement movement, but it appears that she first encountered Pine Mountain through Kentucky contacts at Hindman Settlement.
Her contact with the newly formed school at Hindman planted a seed that led to her trip to Hindman in 1923 and later to Pine Mountain to see for herself the work that was being done in the two institutions. Her own woman’s club, the Ladies of the Kentucky Aid Society, was a central focus of Rannells and suggests that she had strong connections with Kentucky Women’s Clubs. Her report focuses on a variety of contributions by the Society she formed. The Aid Society record as recounted by Rannells describes the philanthropic work of the Society in 1922 and its steadfastness to the idea of mountain “uplift.”
Mountain “uplift” was part of a growing vocabulary about the region that began at the turn of the century and by the 1920s was well accepted. Samuel Tyndale Wilson’s small book, The Southern Mountaineers wrestles with descriptive language of the region in 1902 when he attempts to isolate the Southern Mountaineer or “Our Neighbors” into classes. A similar struggle may be seen in the essay by Rannells, “Our Mountain Neighbors” which follows the account of her Kentucky Aid Society and her description of her visit to the mountains of eastern Kentucky. The muddled idea of “poor mountain whites” creeps into her language throughout her essay-talk to potential donors and feeds into the commonly held belief that Northern “do-gooders” put their stamp on settlement work in the mountains. This debate promoted by David Whisnant in his contested work, All That Is Native and Fine: the Politics of Culture in an American Region (1983) seems to never rest and is lately energized by the publication of J.D.Vance’s Hillbilly Elegy (2017). Further, the publication of Nancy Isenberg‘s White Trash: the 400 Year Untold History of Class in America (2017), muddies the water by focusing out attention on the volatile language of class and points the reader toward a growing perception of anti-intellectualism in the Appalachian population.
Samuel Tyndale Wilson, a Presbyterian minister and former President of Marysville College in Tennessee, notes in his small book The Southern Mountaineer (1902), that the descriptive language for the southern mountaineer often uses “poor whites” and “mudsills” and other descriptors, but he is quick to note that the poverty seen in the mountains is not unlike that seen in the slums of many of the major cities of the day. He goes on to say
“Some writers have gotten into the habit of calling us modern Appalaches “mountain whites,” a term that implies peculiarity and, inferentially, inferiority. We are not deeply in love with that nomenclature. It sounds too much like “poor white trash,” the most opprobrious term known in the South. Fancy how it would sound to hear the inhabitants of the Buckeye State spoken of as “Ohio whites” ! …. There is no evil hint in the word mountaineer in the Appalachians, but rather the reverse — an honorable ring. Better use no class name at all, if possible’ but if one must be used, let it be a generous one.” [Wilson, (1902) The Southern Mountaineers p.20]
Blanche Rannell’s 1924, talk on “Our Mountain Neighbors” captures the essence of prevailing trends in social service work, class consciousness, confused approbation. and the Southern Appalachian programming in many women’s clubs that followed the national settlement house trends of the first quarter if the twentieth-century. Cleveland, Ohio was a central location of a large settlement house movement. By the 1920s the Cleveland settlement houses became centers for philanthropic work that soon created a very competitive atmosphere for raising money for mountain “uplift.”. And, by the 1930s the urban settlement movement had shifted to unified social services, often not located in the service site, and more frequently found in rural communities.
TO THE LADIES OF THE KENTUCKY AID SOCIETY 1922
To the Ladies of the Kentucky Aid [sic] Society
As our little society has now been in existence five years a fine[? resume of its work may be of interest to our charter members as well as to our newer members who are not familiar with the history of the early activities of the society.
The records show that on January 16th, 1917 there met at the home of Mrs. Rannells, 1853 East 75th St. [Cleveland, Ohio] six of our present members, Mrs A.A. Benis, Mrs A.B. Diss, Mrs F.T. Jones, Mrs E.A.Roberts, Mrs. G. F. Smith, and Mrs B. [Blanche] U. Rannells. It was decided at this meeting that monthly dues should be twenty-five cents and that meetings should be held the first Tuesday of each month at the ladies’ homes to serve [?] for the Settlement Schools at Hindman and Pine Mountain, Ky. Our membership had gradually increased until it now numbers sixteen.
During the five years only one member, Mrs. George Warden, has permanently resigned — not from lack of interest in the work but on account of sickness in her home.
The stability of the membership is convincing evidence of the deep interest and enthusiasm of the ladies.
Nor has this spirit been confined to the limits of our own little circle. Two of our number with the aid of a friend is supporting a scholarship at Pine Mountain and one of the same two ladies interested her Church Society to the extent that it has also established a scholarship at Pine Mountain and in addition, is making and sending clothing to the school.
Some of our members have responded most generously to the appeals of the two schools for contributions for their running expenses. Some have given very liberally of money and material for our own use, thus enabling us to furnish supplies far beyond the purchasing power of our modest dues.
A brief summary of data compiled from the Society’s account book shows that in five years one hundred and fourteen packages have been sent, the postage on which amounted to $66.42. Cash gifts to the two schools totaled $47.00. The merchandise account shows an outlay of $459.34. Cash contributed by members and interested friends, $217.75. Records show that 285 books have been collected but it would be safe to say that at least 100 more have been sent of which no account was kept
OUR MOUNTAIN NEIGHBORS
In Blanche Rannell’s essay, “Our Mountain Neighbors” written in 1924 as a fundraising plea, the well-worn theme of the “poor mountain white” rings loud and clear throughout her writing. In the essay, there are also echoes of the literature at both Hindman and at Pine Mountain Settlement School from the same period. The inspirational tales found in such literature as the Pine Mountain Settlement School Notes, particularly the 1923 Notes obviously written by Ethel de Long, are echoed in the message of Blanch Rannell’s motivational talk. Though the bulk of her offering is the first-hand account of her brief journey into the mountains to visit Hindman and Pine Mountain, many of the stories and events described by Rannells may be found scattered throughout the letters and histories of the two settlement schools.
OUR MOUNTAIN NEIGHBORS 1924
OUR MOUNTAIN NEIGHBORS
A paper read by Mrs. Blanche Rannells of Cleveland, Ohio before the Civic Club at Tipp City, Oho, April 21, 1924.
Also read before the Parent-Teachers Association of North Richfield, Ohio, on December 6, 1924.
Your Program Committee unconsciously made an error in not classifying today’s entertainment as a “Reading”, using the word in a literal sense, for when I was honored by an invitation to appear before your progressive club, I reserved the privilege of reading what I had to say about “our Mountain Neighbors.”
In view of the fact that your club, as a member of the Ohio State Federation of Women’s Clubs, is expected to investigate the subject of illiteracy in America, and inasmuch as this subject is closely related to the one under consideration this afternoon. it was suggested that I should present some data on American illiteracy. While data will be very brief it may prove as surprising as it illuminating.
Those of you who religiously read the Ladies’ Home Journal may recall an article in a recent number which is my authority for the startling statement that in enlightened America there are more than five million people over ten years of age who are classed as illiterates, which means that this number can not write in any language and it is assumed, if they cannot write, neither can they read. Five hundred thousand of the five million are between ten and twenty years of age, which is evidence that a new generation is coming on quite as neglected as its predecessors.
Every loyal American should blush with shame at the statement that in New York State there are 400,000 illiterates, in Pennsylvania 300,000, Illinois 173,000, Massachusetts 146,000, Ohio 126,000, Connecticut 67,000 and so on. Yet all these states boast of some of the finest colleges, universities and other cultural institutions in the country.
Records of enlistments in the World War disclosed the deplorable fact that thousands of men who volunteered their services and Iives, if need be had to sign their papers by mark because they had never had a chance to go to school.
The fact that we rank tenth among the nations the scale of literacy should rouse us to a sense of our obligations as citizens to do our part toward raising the standard of literacy in America so high that we shall head the list!
Let us now turn attention to the subject for this evening’s consideration. ‘Our Mountain Neighbors’. Modern methods of communication and transportation have so nearly annihilated time and distance that by using the work neighbors in a broad sense we may consider those who live several hundred miles from us as our neighbors.
Radio has proven such a powerful factor in putting us into communication with almost the entire world that we no longer feel we are strangers to the people of far distant cities and countries.
In consideration of these facts, we feel justified speaking of the mountain people or the adjoining state of Kentucky as our neighbors.
Ex-President Frost of Berea College, Kentucky calls the Southern Highlanders “Our Contemporary Ancestors,” the people with whom time has stood still, shut away as they havAmerica’som the great streams of progress that have swept by and beyond them, leaving them isolated and remote in their mountain seclusion.”
People who are unfamiliar with the ancestry of the southern mountainers fail to realize that in their veins flows the purest Anglo-Saxon blood of our nation.
It was their forefathers who, in search of freedom from personal, political or religious persecution, left their mother country and braved the
dangers of the sea in order to reach America’s shores.
Impelled by the spirit of adventure, they pushed their way westward into the Blue Ridge, Allegheny, and Cumberland Belts. Some being veterans of the Revolutionary War, sought the mountains to claim the land to which they were entitled through “Land Grants” issued to them by the Government.
Others were detained indefinitely in the mountains on account sickness or for other reasons and so hewed logs and built the cabins which were destined to become their permanent homes.
Locked in by nature’s barriers. generations spent their lives in these isolated regions, living in the most primitive manner in windowless log cabins and enduring the hardships known to early pioneers.
Many of the present generations of mountaineers possess the same sturdiness of character as did their ancestors. When a “mountain boy of today draws up a notion to get an eddicaton” as he puts it, he is as indefatigable in his efforts to attain his goal as were his forbearers. who surmounted every obstacle which might prevent them from establishing a home in the primeval forests of America.
The well-known author John Fox [Jr.] who knows mountain people as but few do, says of them:
“As a race they are proud. sensitive, hospitable. kindly obliging in an un-reckoning way that is almost pathetic, honest, loyal, in spite of their common ignorance, poverty, and isolation; they are naturally capable, eager to learn and easy to uplift.”
We should be proud to claim such a type of people as our neighbors and consider
it a privilege to lend a helping hand to them in their struggle to better the living conditions which have resulted from their mountain environment.
The natural topography of their surroundings precludes their following any pursuits which would fit them for any mercantile occupations.
They are of necessity an agricultural people and on account of their inaccessibility to markets, there is o incentive or necessity to produce any more than will be consumed from one season to the next.
It is the consensus of opinion of those have made a study of social problems related to the mountaineer that their most crying need better educational advantages and until these are provided it is better for them
not to leave the mountains and make a futile effort to compete with skilled labor in the commercial world.
To this end, many churches have established schools through the southern mountain ranges and some twenty years ago the Christian Temperance Union of Kentucky Joined this educational effort.
In 1899 this organization sent a group of young women into the mountains of southeastern Kentucky on a camping tour of investigation to discover the needs of the people and the best methods of ministering to these needs.
These young ladies spent three summers camping in different parts of the mountains studying seriously the social problems of the people.
A history of their experiences put in story form, entitled Quare Women was written by Lucy Furman, a worker at the Hindman Settlement School. This ran through several numbers of the Atlantic Monthly a year or more ago and was doubtless read by many of your numbers. For the benefit of those may not have chanced to read the story, permit me to relate some of the events connected with the establishment of the first mountain settlement school in the United States.
During the camping trips referred to, “singing, sewing. cooking and kindergarten classes were taught, entertainments were given. homes were visited and friendly relations were established with the men, women and children of three counties.”
“At the earnest solicitation of Uncle Solomon Everidge, who, at eighty years of age, walked twenty miles to beg the women to give a “chance” to
his grand- and great-grandchildren, and because of the offer of land and lumber for buildings, the Settlement School was started at Hindman, the county seat of Knott County on Troublesome Creek.”
The original property consisted of a frame school house of five rooms, a rented cottage for teachers and four acres of ground. At the end of 22 years the school owns 225 acres of land (including a coal mine) and had twenty-two buildings used for various purposes.
The present school enrollment is 394, over 100 of the number being children from distant parts of Knott adjoining counties who live at the Settlement during the school year.
The curriculum covers a wide scope of instruction which is as follows: Kindergarten, Intermediate, High School, Music, Agriculture, Physical Education, Handwork, Woodwork, Home Nursing, Sewing, Weaving, Basketry, Cooking and Laundering.
The Social Service work includes the Library, High School Club, Camp Fire Groups, Women’s sewing club, Design and Dressmaking Shop, Mother’s Club, Community Club, Bible Class, Practice Home Teas, Rest Home for Country Women and Fireside Industries Department which is conducted to aid in the disposal of bedspreads, baskets and all article made for sale by mountain women in their homes.
There is a cottage used as a “Practice Home” where six girls of the Industrial High School course learn practical homemaking, becoming proficient in all the duties that fall to the lot of a mountain housekeeper.
A valuable branch of work is the Extension Department which sends workers to country homes to teach nutrition. health, swing, cooking and Sunday School. At Christmas time this department sends a large number of trees to remote schoolhouses where gifts and entertainment are provided for young and old, some of the latter hearing for the first time, on such occasions the Christmas Story!
As one of the main objects of the school is to train the children in better methods of living, the management has worked out a system by which each child is assigned some household duty for a given time, the girls doing, in turn, the various kinds of housework according to their ages and ability, while the boys do the milking, feeding and care of stock, gardening and farming.
A graduated scale of wages according to age is paid to children for their work and the amount earned is credited on their scholarship account. Of course, all are not able to earn the $150.00 which a scholarship costs., the balance being paid either by parents or by donors to the Scholarship Fund. Sometimes the memory of a deceased person is perpetuated by the endowment of a scholarship by friends or relatives.
The Hindman School was exceptionally fortunate in having as its founders two of the original half—dozen young women “who went on the expedition into the mountains, namely, Miss May Stone and Katherine Pettit.Their broad vision of what has proven to be their life work. their faith In the people and their noble spirit of devotion and sacrifice have made their names immortal in the hearts and minds of thousands of mountain people over whom the dark cloud of ignorance has hung like a pall for a score of years.
At the time this school was founded it was 45 miles from a railroad but in 1916 the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad built a spur which comes within 16 miles of Hindman.
In striking contrast to Ohio’s paved highways, the most common type of road in the mountains is a rocky creek bed. The faithful horses which travel these obscured roadways seem to show superhuman instinct and intelligence in picking their way over the uncertain courses, seldom losing their footing.
gives the route for a 50-mile cross country trip from Hindman to her sister school at Pine Mountain in Harlan County, Kentucky.
The directions follow: Go up Trace Branch of the right fork of Troublesome Creek; down Betty; down Carr to the mouth of Defeated; up to the head of Defeated; over a mountain; down Bull’s Creek to the north fork of the River [Kentucky River]; down the River a mile to the mouth of Leatherwood; up Leatherwood four miles to Stony fork; up Stony Fork to the head; cross the mountain; follow down the least branch on yon side of the mountain to Line Fork; up Line Fork to the headwaters of Greasy Creek; down Greasy until you “come to the place you are aiming at.” I can assure you that no part of such a route has any semblance to the Dixie Highway!
It was my good fortune six years ago to realize a long-cherished hope to sometime visit this school in which had bee so deeply interested for ten years or more. I accompanied a party of three young ladies of Cleveland who were workers at Hindman.
The most interesting part of the trip began when we left the train at Lackey, Kentucky, to begin the 16-mile drive to the school. Our Cadillac was a common road wagon with sideboards, a necessary provision to prevent our baggage fro falling out when the road suddenly became a couple of feet higher on one side than the other When you learn that we were seven hours driving the 16 miles, you will know that we were never in any danger of violating mountain traffic ordinances against speeding!
We arrived at the school at 9:00 p.m. I confess that when darkness began to fall I longed for the sight of a good, old Ohio paved road and experienced some misgivings of ever again seeing my family “in the flesh”!
It was comforting to learn as we reached the end of our journey that the school’s guestroom was in the Hospital Building, for one who is unaccustomed to riding over rock creek beds is apt to be “somewhat the worse for wear,” and possibly in need of a nurse’s services.
I was happily disappointed the next morning to find myself quite fit for [the] two-mile walk to the home of a granddaughter of Solomon Everidge who pleads to have the school established at Hindman. A few days later we visited his widow who had remarried and at the age of 50 years
began the work at basket-weaving.
She pointed with great pride to the sash which she bought when the school received its first carload shipment. paying for it with beans, honey, and eggs.
Uncle Solomon vigorously opposed having the logs cut to put the window in but Aunt Cordy persevered, and after the work finished she said she scarcely had a chance to sit by the window as Uncle Solomon stationed his favorite chair beside it and spent all his spare time sitting In it and looking down the creek. Verily! the ways of some men are beyond understanding.
The two weeks of my stay were a succession of novel and interesting perturbances [?] such as getting lost in the mountains, taking an eight-mile horseback ride, slipping off a treacherous footlog into Troublesome Creek and attending a “funeral meeting” in a little wooded graveyard near Hindman.
The evenings were delightfully spent sitting before the fireplace in Miss Lucy Furman’s Cottage, listening to a group of boys telling ‘hant [haint] tales’ or to one of girls singing the old English ballads handed down by their forefathers.
Miss Stone, the head of the Hindman School, possesses an inexhaustible fund of stories gleaned from her 25 years’ experience in the mountains. She relates a most pathetic incident which occurred one summer morning when the group of W.C.T.U. ladies from the “Blue Grass Region” were camping in the mountains.
Plans had been made for an all-day trip, and as they were about to start, a tall gaunt woman appeared at their tent and asked to be shown how to
make the kind of biscuit they had served the day before when she had been their guest at dinner. In the kindest possible way, they expressed their regret that circumstances would prevent them from showing her that morning but insisted that she should return the following day when they would gladly teach her.
With a look of deep disappointment on her face, she reluctantly turned to leave, saying: “I thought that you as knowed [you] had come to show us as don’t, but you hain’t.”
Another story of a more cheerful vein is told of one of the schoolgirls who at Christmas time was convalescing from a severe case of typhoid fever which had caused all her hair to come out.
Her Christmas stocking was taken to the school hospital and given to her to empty. When her happy task was almost completed she brought from the depths of the stocking two pairs of side combs such as were in vogue at that time. Holding them up for inspection she grasped the humor of the situation and laughingly exclaimed: “Two pairs of side combs and not a hair on my head!”
The end of the two weeks allotted to my stay at Hindman came all too soon, bringing to a close one of the most delightfully memorable visits I ever expect to have.
As reluctant as I was to leave Hindman, I was equally eager to start on the second lap of my journey, the objectives of which was the Pine Mountain Settlement School in Harlan County, fifty miles away “as the crow flies.” Not feeling equal to the cross country trip by the route described by Mr. Campbell, I was obliged to drive 22 miles to the railroad by wagon the trip consuming ten hours to get around the spur of Pine Mountain, required a long trip by train which took me to Dillon which, by the way, is merely the name on a more or less dilapidated shed. After leaving the train came a 6-mile ride over a mountain on a mule guided by a man sent by the school to meet me.
The ascent to the top of the ridge was quite gradual but the descent was so steep that I preferred to walk most of the way rather than take a chance of slipping over the mule’s head.
Needless to say, I drew a long sigh of relief when we reached the level ground and I got a glimpse of the old log house near the main gate at the entrance of the school.
The Pine Mt. School was established in 1913 by Miss Katherine Pettit and Miss Ethel de Long. The former, associated with Miss May Stone, founded the Hindman School and the latter served three years as its [Hindman’s] Principal.
Miss de Long tells in a most interesting way of its [Pine Mountain Settlement School] beginning. “The ground for the first buildingof the School was broken May 15,1913, but its real beginning dates back 30 years when William Creech first conceived the idea that there ought to some day be a school at the headwaters of Greasy Creek. Working on his farm by day and at his blacksmith’s forge by night, far away from the discussion of modern educational ends, alone he developed a great idea of education. He believed that farming should be taught and the hand industries should be kept alive, that teachers should know more than book-learning — in short, he wanted a school that would arouse an interest in the arts of the farm and home.
Because of this remarkable conception, when he learned that Miss Pettit and Miss deLong were wanting to start such a school he offered all his land 136 acres, if they would establish a school at Pine Mt. The people within a radius of 7 or 8 miles pledged money, lumber and labor. The first tree cut for the 7-room log house which was the first building erected, was felled by a 7 year old boy who worked from sunrise until sunset at his silf-imposed task. When the house was completed he slept under its roof as a pupil of the school.”
It was a herculean task to build up a school in the heart of the mountains
when building materials had to be hauled several miles from the nearest railroad.
In the 11 years of its existence, fifteen or more buildings have been erected.
The system of management of the two schools, Hindman and Pine Mountian, is practically the same. Some of their social problems differ as the Hindman School is in the town of Hindman while Pine MountainSchool is several miles from any village.
Nature has provided an ideal setting for the school, “the strength of the hills,” seeming to be reflected in
seeming to be reflected in the sturdiness of character of the pupil. It was indeed a revelation to see how the work of such an institution could be done by children even under supervision!
Those of you who are interested in welfare work for children may be shocked by the statement that last Sept. “30 children who entered this school together were nearly 450m pounds underweight. In two weeks regular rest and wholesome food had produced a gain for the group of 147 pounds!” If you could see the homes these children come from and know the character of their food, you would no longer wonder at the statistics reported by the school nurse.
Let me try to picture to you one of these homes. Imagine if you can the utter solitude and loneliness of a life spent in a windowless log cabin “at the head of a hollow” with none but the sounds of nature to break the sepulchral stillness. No traveler ever chances to pass the door for the winding footpath which leads to it does not extend beyond it.
Within it is even more cheerless, especially in winter, for sunlight cannot penetrate solid walls of logs. The fireplace must serve the double purpose of furnishing light and heat. A touch of color is lent to the interior of strings of “burney” red peppers and hanks of wool of various colors suspended from the rafters. Long ropes of “shuckey beans” decorate the walls waiting to be shelled when needed for food. [The writer was obviously not familiar with “shucky beans” which did not require shelling to be eaten. As most times, the beans were cooked shell and bean.]
Beds which sometimes are “built in” occupy the corners of the room, according to the size of the family. In the better class of cabins, the walls are sometimes papered with newspapers. The furniture is of the crudest kind and very little of it. Cooking utensils are extremely limited in number and there is a decided dearth of dishes and other table equipment. Napkins and tablecloths are “an unknown quantity.
With no sanitary provision for wastewater or refuse of any kind, what wonder is it that hookworm, typhoid fever, and tuberculosis develop in this type of home?
As to the social diversions of those living in the fastnesses of the mountains, there are absolutely none. When we stop to consider that these people have the same natural craving for entertainment and excitement that is innate in all human beings, need it be a matter of great surprise that they resort to Indulging in “moonshine” in their homes to satisfy this craving?
A concerted effort is being made by the Settlement Schools to establish community centers such as Pine Mt. has opened at Line Fork, 6 miles from the [main] School. This plan was urged by Mr. J. C. Campbell who had charge of the Southern Highland Division of the Russell Sage Foundation, carrying out the Folk School plan of Denmark.
The people along Line Fork were so eager to assist in the development of this system that they offered logs and labor for the erection of a six-room house in which lives a trained nurse, two teachers and an industrial worker who teaches classes in sewing. cooking, playground, Girl
Scouts, Mothers’ Clubs, and Sunday School.
The nurse has provided what she calls a “Loan Closet” which is equipped with sheets. pillowcases, nightgowns, thermometers, hot water and other equipment necessary in sickness which is not found in mountain homes. As the name indicates, the contents of this closet are loaned to
families if they are needed and greatly facilitate the work of the nurse.
Four miles in an opposite direction from the school is a ‘Medical Settlement at which a woman doctor and a nurse are stationed. In a recent letter from Pine Mountain, they said: “We could tell you spectacular stories of the doctor and nurse who live there, how they ford full streams on horseback, crawl over foot logs to reach patients and take care of some cases under impossible conditions.Think what it means to these people who have never known the service a nurse can render or what it is to have a doctor accessible either in an emergency or ordinary sickness!
The question is frequently asked: What has been the influence of these schools on the community?” If it were possible to compile statistics of the moral influence of schools of this type, it would doubtless be found that if possible more has been accomplished for the moral uplift of the adult population than in the education of the children.
As evidence of the improvement in Knott County where the Hindman School is located, Court Records show that while the County had the highest criminal record in the state in 1902 when the school was established, from 1907 to 1917, a period of ten years. not a single murder was recorded on the docket. A County Judge attributes this remarkable change directly to the influence of the school.
The feud spirit for which Kentucky has been famous hag almost died out in the regions of these schools. Children no longer boast of the number of notches on their father’s gun, a notch being cut for each man killed. Some of the schools’ most prized possessions are guns brought by boys entering school and voluntarily delivered as mute evidence of their owner’s determination to abandon customs common to feudists.
Before these schools were established Christmas in the mountains was looked
forward to as a time for drinking, shooting, and general carousing. But that is all changed now. It is a genuine religious festival, celebrated as it is with us.
A mountain visitor to the entertainment at Pine Mt. School when it was three years old made an observation which is interesting. He said: “Well, Christmas hit used to be the rambaning’est, shootin’est, killin’est, chair-flingin’est day in the hull year, and now look what a pretty time we’ve had today. I didn’t know you could get so many folks together and have such a peacable time. I never did come to one of your Christmas trees before, but I seed you never had no killin’ at ’em yit so I come this year. ”
It seems almost incredible and is indeed surprising to know that some of the school children become so homesick they run away and go back to their cheerless desolate homes.
Miss Ann Cobb, a teacher at Hindman and a poetess of of growing fame, gives in verse the soliloquy of a small new boy at school, as follows:
I’ve seen quare folks and places.
Everywhere I’ve been
But the right down quarest
Is the school I’m in
Jest afore her passing
Mammy got my hand,
Not to go a wanderin’
Doless through the land.
So I joined the work-school
Allus heared folks say
If you craved high learnin’
They could show the way.
Gee—oh. boys, the vittles
Cheese and rice they’ll eat
Soup and fancy pudding
Served us once for meat.
But I never follered
Being choosy much
What I mind is doing
Woman’s work and such.
Milking cows three times, too,
Feeding hogs and hens
Packing water buckets
Women’s work, not men’s.
Then the bells a-ringin’
Every hour or so
Like to turned me franzied
Knowin’ where to go.
Tell you when to study
Tell you when to eat
Tell you when it’s bed—time
And when to wash your feet.
Still. the big boys like it
Never seem to go
Reckon I could try it
Another day or so.
These mountain children are “diamonds in the rough.” Their minds when polished by education acquire a brilliancy which is reflected in splendid scholarship and even leadership in many cases,
Two years ago when the Hindman School held its 20th anniversary it was found that among its alumni were weavers of cloth and baskets, teachers, doctors, civil and electrical engineers trained agriculturalists, woodworkers, builders, writers and preachers.
Letters from former pupils generally end with the words: “Whatever there is in me, whatever success I may achieve, I owe it all to the Hindman Settlement School.”
With such a record of achievement. can there be any question as to the uplifting influence of these schools or as to the desire of the children to get an education when it is known that there is always a waiting list of six or seven hundred? The heads of the schools say the very hardest work they have to do is to turn away children when they beg to be given a chance to get an education.
Is not America failing to utilize some of its most valuable material for building high-grade citizenship when it neglects to educate these rugged children of the mountains?
Was there ever a time when, as a nation, we stood in greater need of honest, fearless, upstanding men. Men who have the courage of their convictions, men who have not become contaminated by the evils of 20th century civilization, men who have high sense of honor and still higher standard of loyalty to their country?
Kentucky gave us such a man as Abraham Lincoln and there are thousands of his type today in the seclusion of her mountains who are patiently awaiting the dawn of the day when they shall be emancipated from their shackles of ignorance.
Could any more noble and more uplifting work be undertaken by American women than to break these fetters which bind “Our Mountain Neighbors”?
A paper read by Blanche Rannells of Cleveland, Ohio before the Civic Club
at Tippet City, Ohio on April 21, 1924.
Also read before the Parent-Teachers Association of North Richfield, Ohio.
on December 6, 1924. | <urn:uuid:cbeb148b-6de2-4682-8f1b-f72c38297363> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pinemountainsettlement.net/?page_id=53959 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.972598 | 8,700 | 2.46875 | 2 |
No man ought to write at all, or even to speak at all, unless he thinks that he is in truth and the other man in error. In similar style, I hold that I am dogmatic and right, while Mr. Shaw is dogmatic and wrong.
One can sometimes do good by being the right person in the wrong place.
My country, right or wrong' is a thing no patriot would ever think of saying except in a desperate case. It is like saying 'My mother, drunk or sober.
There is nothing the matter with Americans except their ideals. The real American is all right; it is the ideal American who is all wrong.
My country, right or wrong' is a thing that no patriot would think of saying, except in a desperate case. It is like saying, 'My mother, drunk or sober'.
A puritan is a person who pours righteous indignation into the wrong things.
Chastity does not mean abstention from sexual wrong; it means something flaming, like Joan of Arc.
The things that happen here do not seem to mean anything; they mean something somewhere else. Somewhere else retribution will come on the real offender. Here it often seems to fall on the wrong person. | <urn:uuid:2106884d-fada-4fb1-8f1c-4f562a6d09bc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theysaidso.com/quotes/author/gilbert-k-chesterton/on/wrongs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.947052 | 285 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Metsäretki – Lasten kanssa luontoon
The Metsäretki is a book full of various excursions, games and food ideas that encourage you to take advantage of the beauty of nature on your own trips.
Availability: 4 in stock
Talvikki Lyytinen: Metsäretki - Lasten kanssa luontoon
The Metsäretki is a book full of various excursions, games and food ideas that encourage you to take advantage of the beauty of nature on your own trips. The brightly colored book offers practical and imaginative ideas for making the most of the forest by playing and adventuring with kids. An inspiring and cheerful book emphasizes relaxed togetherness, enjoying nature and a good, leisurely life. The forest and being in nature are beneficial to all of us. The book's ideas make it easier to plan forest adventures throughout the year, and a kid with a child does not have to be a wilderness traveler or an education expert. The book is also intended for individuals who simply want to stop by for a bit.
Talvikki Lyytinen, a writer living in the heart of the forest, has worked as a teacher and journalist, and she has also gathered a lot of expertise and hiking ideas for her two children. The most of the photographs in the book were shot by award-winning Lahti photographer Johannes Wilenius. | <urn:uuid:0742a8d3-fa7e-430d-a35a-0c470dcd6cc5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://xwander.com/product/talvikki-lyytinen-metsaretki-lasten-kanssa-luontoon-karttakeskus/?v=f0aa03aaca95 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.939724 | 292 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Recipients of the CMRS-CEGS Dissertation Research Fellowship
Nicolyna Enriquez (Art History)
Surrounded by Sea, Rooted in Land: An Environmental History of Late Byzantine Art on Crete
Nicolyna’s dissertation, situated at the intersection of island studies and environmental history, explores how rural Cretan villagers in late Byzantium (13th-15th century) perceived and experienced their insular environment. Focusing on two provinces on the island, she brings together visual imagery, architectural studies, archaeological research, and topographical analysis into a comprehensive discussion of Late Byzantine island communities and the surrounding terrestrial and maritime world. By combining the placement of churches in the larger landscape and taskscape (a term coined by Tim Ingold to specify the series of interlocking activities that take place in a landscape over time) of the island with the visual evidence on their walls, Nicolyna argues that rural churches are not simply mirrors of the heavenly realm (a metaphor articulated by Byzantine theologians) but are simultaneously deeply connected to the surrounding environment. This dissertation proposes a broader understanding of the relationship between rural island villagers and the sea and land from which they gained sustenance, engaged in trade, and, in the case of climate, from which they requested divine protection.
Stefanie Matabang (Comparative Literature)
Stefanie’s dissertation explores the complex operation of what she terms “Filipino medievalism” (the interpretation, (re)imagining, and utilization of the European Middle Ages in the postcolonial Philippines), and its role in the development of Filipino identity and nationalism. By examining popular adaptations of medieval texts from the Spanish colonial period (1521-1898) and surviving films from the U.S. occupation (1898-1946) and Japanese occupation (1942-1945) that translate and employ medieval narratives and motifs, she elucidates the utility of medievalism to native agency and subversion within an environment of consistent colonial rule. Arguing that Filipino medievalism served as a reliable and pliable space of imagination and invention through which resistance to colonial hegemony could be cultivated, the dissertation attempts to expose the integrality of medievalism in the development of Filipino nationalism and its implications for Filipino identity discourse. Stefanie’s work contributes to growing Fillipino scholarship on the significance of mimicry in the Filipino colonial space and endeavors to disrupt traditional western understandings of the idea of the “Middle Ages,” centering a Filipino worldview. | <urn:uuid:ea874127-51fd-49b6-a699-530d58f1cc8b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cmrs.ucla.edu/awards-fellowships/cmrs-dissertation-research-fellowship/recipients-dissertation-research-fellowship/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.911206 | 525 | 1.789063 | 2 |
There are many circumstantial quirks when it comes to assessing the candidacy of James Maybrick as ‘Jack the Ripper’. Many within the Ripperology community dismiss him as a viable suspect because of their concerns around the Victorian scrapbook. Whether it be the use of perceived modern language, handwriting inconsistencies, inconclusive ink testing, alleged confessions or the sheer provenance of how the artefact came to be – there are many reasons why cynics refuse to consider the former cotton merchant as a suspect.
DON’T JUDGE A BOOK…
As I have stated before, I do not subscribe to the belief that there has been enough damning evidence to dismiss the authenticity of the scrapbook as not being written by James Maybrick. I believe there is every chance it could well be a fake, as much as there is every chance it could well be genuine. Until the killer blow comes, we must continue to treat the artefact with an open mind. But it is not the only artefact. What about the watch? This item convinced me of Maybrick as being ‘Jack the Ripper’, and it remains so. The cynics believe the watch was also faked to cash in on the furore surrounding the scrapbook at the time. Except it was never sold and remains in the family that brought it to light.
The provenance and scientific evidence surrounding this piece is far more robust than that of the scrapbook. Ironically, it gets dismissed due to ‘timing’. The arguments against the authenticity of the watch are weaker than the scrapbook. The cynics don’t want you to consider that. Focus on the scrapbook is their strategy. I say focus on the watch. If you are interested in finding out more information regarding the Maybrick watch, you can click this link.
Artefacts aside, what evidence can we muster? About the same level of hard evidence as any other named suspect can generate. Which after 130 plus years is very little. We do, like so many different suspects, have a lot of circumstantial evidence. Knowledge of Maybrick’s movements in the 1880s is widely available due to reams of data that many excellent researchers have gathered. Most credit must go to Keith Skinner. Still, I cannot find anything that suggests that Maybrick was not in London on the dates of the canonical five murders. Even Martin Fido, a vocal opponent of the diary, admitted this fact remains the most challenging point for those looking to dismiss Maybrick.
With every dig comes that little more circumstantial evidence. Like the next nugget, I have unearthed for your perusal.
THE EYES HAVE IT
In my book, I suggest that Maybrick suffered from syphilis. This is not a new theory; some on the numerous Ripperology forums have pondered this previously. It is most likely he contracted it whilst living and working in America before marrying Florence Chandler. We know Dr Ward visited him and announced on his medical record he had contracted malaria. Which at the time would have been treated in the same way as syphilis, with a cocktail of drugs such as mercury, arsenic and Fowler’s solution. There was no unified code of ethics across the United States regarding how they handled syphilis patients at that time. Dr Ward was entitled to put whatever he wanted on Maybrick’s medical file. Like so many things, syphilis was open to wide variations as to how symptoms would present when they would present and even if symptoms would present at all.
I believe by 1888, James Maybrick was in the tertiary stage of neurosyphilis. He most likely had symptoms such as skin blotches, nervous system issues, bouts of mania and a side effect disease called bilateral madarosis. The latter is of extreme interest to me. Why so? Several eyewitnesses across numerous murders mentioned that the potential suspect they saw might have had either eyebrows or eyelashes missing. Or they are referenced as having weak eyes. I’m particularly drawn to the testimonies of Best & Gardiner who saw this man with Elizabeth Stride outside The Bricklayer’s Arms. Guess what symptoms Madarosis presents? You guessed it.
“So what?” I hear you cry. Just because I think it might be true, what does it matter?
Well, we might have a connection. One of the most well-known critics of the diary alerted me to a letter that I never knew existed. In August 1889, a letter was received by the Home Office written by Mr Gustav Witt. A long-time business associate and friend of James Maybrick. The letter contains Mr Witt’s disbelief that during the trial of Florence Maybrick for the murder of her husband, James Maybrick had somehow become branded as an “Arsenic eater”. But that was not the exciting part of the letter.
He goes on to write, ‘‘I saw Mr Maybrick at his office and dined at his house whenever I had to run down to Liverpool. Last year in June Mr and Mrs M. both came up from Liverpool and were our guests, and my wife and I at the time commented on the evidently unsatisfactory state of affairs. I remember that when again Mr. M visited us a few months later he complained of his eyes watering and giving him trouble and I chaffed him about getting old. I did not see him this year as I have been travelling for 9 months in the East and only returned a few months ago, finding my poor friend dead.”
In trying to defend his friend from being labelled as an ‘Arsenic eater’, he inadvertently corroborates the timings of Maybrick’s issues with his eyes, with that of the suspect witnesses saw with sore eyes. He categorically states “a few months later” after June 1888, which by most accepted definitions is usually three months – September 1888. Even if we didn’t take that, we could work back in the opposite direction. He wrote the letter in August 1889 after being back in England only a few months, having been nine months away, which brings us again to September 1888.
Not only that, census records suggest that Gustav Witt was living in Denmark Hill, Camberwell in London at the time. Less than five miles from the centre of Whitechapel. So now we have him placed in London suffering from eye issues in September 1888.
Elizabeth Stride & Catherine Eddowes were murdered on the 30th of September 1888, often referred to as the ‘double event’. Later that night, graffiti appeared on a wall on Goulston Street which I believe was written by James Maybrick. I think he was writing it for the attention of Best, Gardiner & Sir Charles Warren.
JACK THE RIPPER: THREADS
Think you know Jack the Ripper? Think again.
What if ‘Jack the Ripper’ was a cotton merchant from Liverpool? What if the diary found in 1992, purported to be James Maybrick’s, is genuine? This gripping fictional tale is a circumstantial exploration of James Maybrick being ‘Jack’.
Using a mix of fact and fiction, real events and characters are brought to life in this gripping story.
Did one of his family members murder him in 1889, bringing an end to the reign of terror in London’s Whitechapel?
“Jack the Ripper: Threads” is the debut novel of Jay Hartley and is a psychological suspense thriller that will challenge everything you thought you knew about history’s most famous unsolved serial murders. | <urn:uuid:b1f1de32-ce41-446a-80b8-a1d42580af0c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jayhartley.com/a-sight-for-sore-eyes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.980476 | 1,607 | 1.921875 | 2 |
President Trump officially endorsed legislation—the so-called RAISE Act—that will cut legal immigration to the U.S. by half and overhaul the current immigration system by focusing on immigrants who would contribute the most to the U.S. economy.
Republican Sens. Tom Cotton of Arkansas and David Perdue of Georgia initially introduced the RAISE (Reforming American Immigration for Strong Employment) Act, in February. The far-reaching effects of some of the key provisions of the RAISE Act were outlined in a previous blog post.
Immigration Cuts and Reforms
Expanded since its February introduction, the RAISE Act would:
- Cut by 50% the one million or so green cards issued annually. Limit family-sponsored immigration to spouses, minor children, and elderly parents, eliminating all other family-based preferences.
- Create a renewable temporary visa for the elderly parents of U.S. residents to enable them to come to the U.S. for caretaking purposes.
- Establish a merit-based points system for issuing employment-based green cards.
- Eliminate the Diversity Immigrant Visa Program, which awards up to 50,000 immigrant visas annually. Administered by the U.S. Department of State, the program randomly selects eligible visa applicants who are from countries with low rates of immigration to the U.S.
- Limit the number of refugees offered permanent residency to 50,000 per year. The U.S. granted more than 118,000 refugees permanent residency in 2015, according to Homeland Security.
Merit-Based Points System
The RAISE Act creates a merit-based points system for determining who receives one of the 140,000 employment-based green cards the U.S. issues annually. The system awards points based on criteria designed to ensure that immigrants productively contribute to the U.S. economy.
By doing so, Trump says, the RAISE Act “prevents new migrants and new immigrants from collecting welfare, and protects U.S. workers from being displaced.” (However, legal immigrants have been barred since 1996 from receiving government benefits for five years or longer. Some exceptions exist. For instance, children and human trafficking victims are eligible to collect certain benefits.)
Under the RAISE Act, employment-based green card candidates would earn points based on:
- English-language ability as demonstrated by a high score on an English language proficiency test.
- Education level with preference given to advanced degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).
- A high-paying job offer with the most points given to those with an annual salary at least 300% of the median household income in the state of employment.
- Age with the most points given to those between the ages of 26 to 30.
- Record of “extraordinary achievement,” such as receiving a Nobel Prize or other awards or recognition.
- “Entrepreneurial initiative” as measured by willingness to invest personal funds in a new enterprise in the U.S., play an active role in managing the enterprise and maintain the enterprise for at least three years. Those who invest $1.8 million or more would receive preference.
The highest scoring applicants would receive the 140,000 employment-based green cards the U.S. issues annually.
The RAISE Act needs at least 60 votes in the Senate to pass. Political pundits maintain the measure faces an uphill battle. It needs the support of at least eight Senate Democrats in addition to every one of the 52 Republicans.
This legislation will likely face opposition from moderate Republicans in immigrant-heavy states. Sen. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina has already come out against the bill.
We Can Help
The RAISE Act may fail to come to fruition. Still, we encourage you to devise an immigration strategy before lawmakers and the Trump administration further curtail immigration options. Alcorn Immigration Law supports immigration for innovation by obtaining visas, green cards, and citizenship for highly-motivated investors, founders, talent, and families. Contact us for a consultation. | <urn:uuid:8482c39d-bf89-4ed1-b4c1-90eb532a1469> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.alcorn.law/immigration/trump-backs-raise-act/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.943574 | 832 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Global CAR-T cell therapy Market: Overview
Cancer is one of the leading causes of fatalities worldwide. Chimeric antigen receptor or CAR-T cell therapy comprises re-engineering of WBC or the white blood cells of the cancer-affected patient. This is fight off cancer cells. During the time of CAR-T cell therapy, the T-cells of a person are derived, reformed, and the put inside the body of a human being wherein the restructured cells multiply in number and then attack the cancer cells.
Currently, CAR T cell therapy is considered as an extremely effective procedure for the treatment of patients suffering from blood cancer and has already been through other methods of cancer treatment such as chemotherapy. The effectiveness of the process in treating cancer is likely to fuel growth of the global CAR-T cell therapy market in the years to come.
Rising incidences of cancer across the globe together with the relentless technological advancement for reliable and effective cancer treatment is expected to favor growth of the global CAR-T cell therapy market over the period of projection, from 2019 to 2027. Furthermore, growing number of clinical studies in cell therapy is estimated boost the market over the period of forecast.
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This report on the global CAR-T cell therapy market offers a closer look at the significant changes that took place in the industry of medical science. The developments are likely to shape the contours of the global CAR-T cell therapy market over the assessment tenure, from 2019 to 2027. The insights offered in the report are estimated to help the industry players and investors to make a correct assessment of the completive ecosystem and make strategies accordingly.
Global CAR-T cell therapy Market: Trends and Opportunities
Rising Geriatric Population with Weakening Immune System Boost Market Growth
The global CAR-T cell therapy market is primarily driven by increasing number of acquisitions, thanks to the augmented importance of cellular therapies. In addition to that, some of the acquisitions are done to facilitate more innovative research and development activities, which further boosts the global CAR-T cell therapy market in near future. A case in point is the leading role played by both Novartis AG and Gilead Sciences, Inc. following the approval of first therapies in pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and adult Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma or DLBCL.
Scientists, investors, and developers agree unequivocally that solution to two major problems can offer long-term success in this field. One of them is the recognition of antigens except CD19 that could be efficaciously targeted with CAR-T cell therapy. The other problem lies in the indications of tumor, which lies beyond liquid cancers. The development of the global CAR-T cell therapy market is predicted to garner momentum from the rising interest of investors, developers, and researchers in the aid therapy.
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Global CAR-T cell therapy Market : Regional Outlook
The five important regions in the global CAR-T cell therapy market include North America, Europe, the Middle East and Africa, Latin America, and Asia Pacific.
North America is estimated to take lead of the global CAR-T cell therapy market over the projection period. The dominance of the region is ascribed to the favorable policies of reimbursement, growing incidences of severe lymphoblastic leukemia, early availability of products of CAR-T cell therapy, and high per capita expenditure on healthcare. In addition, presence of a large number of clinical pipeline drugs that are expected to get approval for commercialization in near future is likely to fuel expansion of the global CAR-T cell therapy market.
Global CAR-T cell therapy Market : Companies Mentioned in Report
Right now, only two companies namely Novartis AG and Gilead Sciences, Inc. have already initiated the process of commercializing their products of CAR-T cell therapy. These two companies jointly hold most of the global CAR-T cell therapy market. However, there are products of other companies that are lying in the pipeline for approval. Other market players comprise Amgen, Inc., Juno Therapeutics, Eli Lilly and Company, Fate Therapeutics, Inc., Sorrento Therapeutics, and Johnson & Johnson.
Related Reports Press-Release –
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Email: [email protected] | <urn:uuid:5eca18a2-b9c0-4fd9-a5ce-15c826628fdf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://knnit.com/car-t-cell-therapy-market-set-for-rapid-growth-and-trend-by-2027/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.899753 | 1,292 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Third District Youth Advisory Council
The Youth Advisory Council is a youth-led high school leadership council that provides advice, assistance and recommendations on youth-related issues to the Board of Supervisors. In addition, the Youth Commission focuses on anticipating the educational, recreational and cultural needs of youth by working together to host meaningful events that the community will benefit from. If you have a passion for service and want to make an impact in your community, please submit a YAC Application. For questions or to submit your application, please contact the Third District Youth Advisory Council Coordinator, Robyn Brock, at firstname.lastname@example.org.
2021-2022 Council Officers
Commissioner: Leah Marie Baluyot
Co-Commissioner: Angelina Helm
Secretary: Camila Morcate
Parliamentarian: Helena Zhang
Historian: Jasmine Purnell | <urn:uuid:438b0899-baa4-4e14-ab8e-fd080bb5f8db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rivcodistrict3.org/district-info/youth-advisory-council | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.928331 | 175 | 1.546875 | 2 |
The decision driver helps crystalise why your organisation is reviewing the issue. This helps clarify the problem statement and ensure the appropriate assessments are completed.
- Based on the information you collected in the Issue Characterisation Checklist (Task 1), identify the
. Decision drivers may include:
- A threat
- A proposed intervention
- Social or ethical concerns
- List some specific features of your decision driver. For example:
- Possible features of a threat: Threat to donors, threat to recipients, blood shortage
- Possible features of an intervention: New technology to replace current technology, may require lengthy regulatory approval
- Possible features of a social concern: Sensitive issue, potential for legal ramifications
- Note: If you identify more than one decision driver, repeat the above for the other drivers.
More detail on decision drivers | <urn:uuid:cf60a1d6-295d-4547-8158-2a40f1a73507> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://riskframework.allianceofbloodoperators.org/framework/problem-formulation/identify-the-decision-driver/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.876566 | 170 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Last Updated on June 24, 2022 by Joshua Lagandaon
Hoover Dam parking
Hoover Dam, an engineering marvel that sits in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, is the most frequented dam in the world. Visiting the dam is free, and on-site parking is available in the Nevada and Arizona sections. Before you visit Hoover Dam, read our guide to learn about free lots, parking rates, and tips on where best to park.
The dam is located on the Nevada-Arizona border at the following address: Nevada 89005, United States
Hoover Dam Operating Hours and Admission
The dam is open to the public every day from 5 AM to 9 PM. Walking or driving across the dam is free, and reservations are not required, but visitors looking for a more in-depth experience may purchase tickets for guided Hoover Dam tours. For dam tour information, contact (702) 494-2517 or (702) 494-2546.
Convenient Parking at the Dam
Convenient Hoover Dam parking is available on the Nevada and Arizona sides. We listed all the options below with their accompanying parking fees. We also included a few recommendations for a pocket-friendly and more convenient parking experience.
|Parking Garage||Nevada side||$10|
|Parking Lot 9||Arizona side||$10|
|Upper Lots||Arizona side||Free|
|Boulder Dam Bridge Parking||Nevada side||Free|
Parking Garage: This multi-level garage sits on the Nevada side (red circle) and may be accessed via the Hoover Dam Access Road. It is the safest and most convenient place to park. Visitors with disabled placards and stickers are permitted to park here for free, while high clearance vehicles more than 10.5 feet high and 23 feet long are prohibited from entering.
This is the best place to park if you’re heading to the Visitor Center. However, you may contend with crowds for parking spots during the peak season of June to August, so come early during these months. The parking garage is open from 8 AM to 5:15 PM.
Parking Lot 9: This surface lot sits closest to the dam on the Arizona side (purple circle). Apart from serving regular vehicles, this paid surface lot also offers parking spaces for high clearance vehicles in non-covered marked spaces. You may be able to park here for free if the demand is low. Parking Lot 9 opens from 8 AM to 5:15 PM.
Upper Lots: These free parking lots sit farther from the dam on the Arizona side and offer free parking. Recreational vehicles, trailers, and oversized vehicles can park on these lots.
Boulder Dam Bridge Parking: Park in this free surface lot (brown circle) to view the dam from across the Memorial Bridge. The Hoover Dam bypass bridge parking is located on the Nevada side right after the security checkpoint.
Take Public Transit
Several bus and shuttle services can take you from Las Vegas to the dam. The Boulder City Express shuttle service runs from the Las Vegas Strip and Downtown hotels to Boulder City’s most popular attractions, including the dam. The round-trip fare is $25.
A cheaper option is to take the HDX public bus from Las Vegas to Boulder City, then take a 10-minute taxi, rideshare, or Boulder City Express Shuttle ride to the dam. A 24-hour pass costs $8.
Park Without the Hassle in Las Vegas
We’ve mastered the ins and outs of parking in Las Vegas. Read our expert guides on the following locations:
- Mob Museum Parking
- Park MGM Parking
- High Roller Parking
- T-Mobile Arena Parking
- Allegiant Stadium Parking
- Las Vegas Convention Center Parking
Flying out of LAS? You can reserve airport parking near your terminal using our Las Vegas airport parking guide. | <urn:uuid:4788920d-5808-491f-886e-b641f28e609e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://parkingaccess.com/blog/hooverdam | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.918818 | 806 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Authors of Interactive Printing and Graphic Communication Textbook Publish Syllabus Guidelines for Teachers
BAINBRIDGE ISLAND, Wash. - February 5, 2019 - Following the publication of "Introduction to Graphic Communication," authors Harvey Levenson and John Parsons have released the first of several resources for schools and organizations using the textbook. The syllabus recommendations, summaries, recommended reading/viewing plan, and resource list may be freely used by instructors as handouts or in course catalog descriptions.
“One of the barriers to adopting a new text is developing a syllabus,” said Dr. Levenson, who formerly taught the introductory course at Cal Poly. “Setting student goals and learning expectations is very time-consuming. Since I originally taught the course based on the first edition of the book, I drew from my previous material to develop these suggested guidelines. It was the least I could do for my fellow teachers.”
The syllabus recommendations, available in Microsoft Word, are copyright-free and can be adapted by teachers to fit their existing focus, schedule, and style requirements.
More Than a Book
As a core textbook for education and training in printing and related industries, Introduction to Graphic Communication, combines the print experience with related video content and other online interaction, via Ricoh’s Clickable Paper technology. The syllabus recommendations include a list of the top videos for each chapter, along with the viewing time for each.
The syllabus guidelines will be sent on request to schools free of charge. The textbook has already been adopted by universities, colleges, high schools, and vocational programs teaching printing and graphic communication. Schools that have adopted the book include Ryerson, Arizona State, and Bowling Green.
Levenson and Parsons are also currently working on a list of suggested exam questions (true/false and multiple choice) as well as a version of the class guidelines for non-academic internal training programs at printing and graphic design companies.
The preceding press release was provided by a company unaffiliated with Printing Impressions. The views expressed within do not directly reflect the thoughts or opinions of Printing Impressions. | <urn:uuid:f9486176-7996-46df-9043-4bd3334d57b2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.piworld.com/article/authors-interactive-printing-graphic-communication-textbook-publish-syllabus-guidelines/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.939443 | 439 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Most of the time, transactional email services messages are underrated. Their utility is kept limited to inform users about the transaction only. However, it is not correct. If used with a little creativity and imagination, these messages can help drive business growth.
There have been examples where businesses could make use of these messages for interacting with notifications. Thus, they become the powerhouse of user engagement. The messages were used as core tools to drive the conversion of customers and retain them.
It is essential to know about the definition of transaction email first. It is a mail message triggered by a particular interaction. An example is receipt and thanks mail after receiving an order.
Since transactional emails are targeted and personalized, they can do better work than promotional emails sometimes. The probability of opening a transactional email is quite high because it is associated with a transaction.
The blog touches upon a few ways you can build customer engagement using a transactional email.
- Welcome email: You send a welcome mail to a new user or subscriber. If the credentials are already known, then they can be inserted in the mail draft to make it more personalized. It is better if it is customized further based on customer preferences. You can check the effectiveness of welcome emails by sending different mails.
- Onboarding email: Confirmation email after the customer onboards or subscribes to the service is called onboarding mail. Since it is in response to a particular action taken by the customer, it is more personal. The user will surely open the mail and read it thoroughly. Moreover, he will be interested in keeping furthermore engagement. Hence, the message should be direct and simple. It should give all the required information about onboarding precisely and clearly.
- Reward email: Once the customer makes several transactions, you would like to please him by sending some attractive rewards. It is a good way to retain the customer and keep his interest alive. It is a more personalized email where you talk about the relationship so far. Hence, it is a high possibility of getting more transactions in the future.
- Receipt email: Indeed, it is purely a transaction email where you give information about a previously successful transaction. However, it has a big potential of using it for further selling or promoting products or services.
- Feedback Email: Last but not least, even a feedback email can be used as a customer engagement tool.
Thus, you can build customer engagement successfully by transactional email.
In email marketing users already know how important it is to personalize your emails. And so do we, In order to get the best email services personalization experience contact our team. | <urn:uuid:36721ef9-4e15-4ce0-9153-75eef1ac182d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://emailidea.biz/blogs/transactional-email-services | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.942028 | 534 | 1.601563 | 2 |
A New Ulster Poetry and Literary Ezine
What distinguishes A New Ulster as poetry journal is evident also in Bone Orchard Poetry and in other Ezines that are led by artists and writers who respond with alacrity to a need for publishing platforms for new and established writers. When I started this blog five years ago, I did a yearly review of what is offered to the poetic writer in the way of publishing platforms. The developing commitment of literary editors to the usage of online tools, such as Ezines, BlogZines, online-publication, and adapting traditional publication was at an exciting point. Jacket2, Harriet the Blog (The Poetry Foundation) and Poetry Ireland were busily adapting to and testing the poetic waters, as was UBUWEB . Editors have been using social-media tools to ensure that poetry is read. I find it strange that there appears to be an inherent distrust of the medium in some quarters here in Ireland. Underutilisation of open-source systems and social media tools strikes me as a little ungenerous.
The years began providing exciting new magazines and platforms, an increase in poetic-writing is showing itself in publications like Burning Bush 2, And Other Poems, Anon Publications, Bare Hands and Southword, to name a few. The other side of the coin is how traditional publications are adapting to internet and using social-media to advance poetic writers and their audiences. It may have been bold to claim a poetic-renaissance but I am sticking to it, maybe others will catch up when they get their heads out of Miley Cyrus’ arse, who knows ?
A New Ulster a publishing platform led by Amos Gideon Grieg and Arizahn, is that wonderful poetic-hybrid of traditional and internet publication that uses a wide variety of social-media platforms to generate audience and writer alike. Because the publication is writer led, the editors bring in their skills as poet and fiction-writer, and their (hopefully not exhausted enthusiasm) for new forms and methodologies of communicating literature with their readers.
Poets featuring in a New Ulster include :
- Issue 1 : Judith Thurley, Micheal Mc Aloran, Colin Dardis, Csilla Toldy, Cliff Wedgbury and J. S. Watts
- Issue 2 : Micheal Mc Aloran, Alistair Graham, Heller Levinson, Inso, Jogn Liddy, Geraldine O’Kane, Aine MacAodha, Brian Adlai, J. S. Watts, Peter Pegnall and Peter Fahy.
- Issue 3: David McClean, Neil Ellman, Angela Topping, Nancy Ann Miller, Christopher Barnes, Stella Burton and more.
- Issue 4 , added as link
- Homepage of a New Ulster
- Aine McAodha on Poethead | <urn:uuid:a70d6a28-88ac-4e91-89a5-66a0f8bcc831> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://poethead.wordpress.com/2013/02/16/a-new-ulster/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.942179 | 590 | 1.5625 | 2 |
- 1 Why is there a black circle on my iPhone screen?
- 2 How do I get rid of the black circle on my phone?
- 3 Why do I have a black circle on my screen?
- 4 What is the black dot in the upper left corner of my phone?
- 5 How do I fix black spots on my screen?
- 6 What is the black dot on S20?
- 7 Do dead pixels spread?
- 8 What causes dead pixels on iPhone?
- 9 What do dead pixels look like?
- 10 What is the black dot on Samsung phone?
- 11 Can a dead pixel fix itself?
- 12 Can you fix a dead pixel?
- 13 What makes dead pixels spread?
- 14 Do dead pixels spread iPhone?
- 15 What do dead pixels look like on iPhone?
- 16 Can Apple fix dead pixels?
- 17 Do dead pixels get worse?
- 18 How do you detect dead pixels?
- 19 Where is the fingerprint sensor on the S20?
- 20 How do I get rid of the black dot on my Samsung 10?
Why is there a black circle on my iPhone screen?
When your screen has cracked, it is extremely vulnerable. A result of this vulnerability can be that the OLED, the part that makes the screen whole, also gets damaged. Causing black and/or blue and purple spots to show on the screen. If an individual pixel has been damaged, it will stay turned off and appear black.
How do I get rid of the black circle on my phone?
Open the Circle app and go to Menu >> Circle Go. Swipe left on the device you’d like to disable. (On an Android device, long press on the device.) Tap Delete.
Why do I have a black circle on my screen?
Black spots are often caused by nothing more than superficial dirt or debris. Over time, dirt and debris will accumulate on the surface of LCDs. … With the LCD turned off, gently rub the microfiber cloth across the screen until the black spot is no longer visible.
What is the black dot in the upper left corner of my phone?
It is your front facing camera. … That’s a camera.
How do I fix black spots on my screen?
Use a stylus pen with a rounded end on it. Place a small cloth directly over the stuck pixel. Gently rub the pixel with the stylus pen until it disappears from the screen. Avoid applying too much pressure because you may puncture your LCD computer screen.
What is the black dot on S20?
What is the black dot on my S20? With the hide feature toggled on your phone will add a black bar to the top of the screen so the front camera is no longer visible. That’s it! And if you miss that sweet circle at the top of your screen you can toggle it back on whenever you’d like.
Do dead pixels spread?
Dead pixels usually don’t spread. They’re usually a small fault in a display. If they do spread, you might need to hire a specialist or replace your screen.
What causes dead pixels on iPhone?
According to professionals for iPhone XR screen repair, a dead pixel is the manufacturing defect. Due to an undetectable number of small errors in assembly, it can result in dead pixels amongst the millions. Dead pixels appear later on the display’s life that happens due to physical damage.
What do dead pixels look like?
A dead pixel is a picture element that stops lighting up, causing a persistent black dot on the screen. … Since it’s permanently on, it typically appears as a bright, persistent dot on the screen, and is either red, green, blue, or white. If a problematic pixel is dead, it should look like a small black rectangle.
What is the black dot on Samsung phone?
These black dots are basically dead pixels in the screen of your phone. Due to the edge screen, some of the pixels in your display are interrupted and they die at the moment causing these black dots on the screen of your phone.
Can a dead pixel fix itself?
Dead pixels are much less likely to correct themselves over time, and typically cannot be repaired through any of several popular methods. … Stuck pixels can often be re-energized by rapidly turning them on and off. If this fails, try applying pressure to the pixel.
Can you fix a dead pixel?
Dead Pixels Test and Fix (Android)
It’s a free app and features an interface that is both self-explanatory and easy to navigate. … If you spot some, switch to Fix Dead Pixel, which displays colored noise and bands of different colors over a set period.
What makes dead pixels spread?
Dead pixels often occur in the LCD screens of computers, televisions and other devices. This happens when a component fails and causes a pixel to go black. Sometimes this can spread to other pixels, which can appear as a “hole” in the screen. This is frustrating when watching television or using the computer.
Do dead pixels spread iPhone?
Sometimes the pixels near a dead pixel can become stuck, too. To prevent dead pixels from spreading across your phone’s screen, you can fix the pixel by gently applying pressure to the area with an eraser or a similar object. … Sometimes the pixels near a dead pixel can become stuck, too.
What do dead pixels look like on iPhone?
Stuck vs Dead Pixels
A dead picture element is black and doesn’t light up at all. This is why it can’t be noticed when the iPhone’s screen displays a dark background and can only be spotted when it contrasts with a white or bright colored wallpaper.
Can Apple fix dead pixels?
Dead pixel is a kind of Hardware fault. The only way to fix the dead pixel issue on a retina display would be to replace the entire display unit. If its under warranty then it will be covered for free or else the repair will be quite expensive.
Do dead pixels get worse?
Do dead pixels go away? It may go away on its own, but there’s no telling how long it will take. You might have the dead pixel for the remainder of the device’s life, or it might go away in a week. … The most reliable way to fix a dead pixel is to replace the screen.
How do you detect dead pixels?
A dead pixel test involves running your monitor in full-screen mode through a palette of basic colors or black and white to identify the stuck pixel. To do this, clean your screen with a soft cloth, and then open the Dead Pixels Test site on your browser.
Where is the fingerprint sensor on the S20?
The Samsung Galaxy S20 series of smartphones have an in-display fingerprint scanner on the lower half of the screen.
How do I get rid of the black dot on my Samsung 10?
Option 1: Turn the hole punch off
If you don’t mind sacrificing a little bit of screen to avoid the camera cutout, one option is to get rid of it altogether. You can do this by going to your Settings menu and selecting Display > Full Screen Apps. You’ll see that the first option at the very top is “Hide front camera.” | <urn:uuid:5b7dfae3-f1e7-4aa9-a7ed-1ad97d411515> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://covergadget.com/how-to-get-rid-of-black-circle-on-iphone/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.884035 | 1,544 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Trucks used to haul missiles at North Korea’s military parade on Saturday may be of Russian origin.
Pyongyang could also have breached a contract with a Russian firm by converting the trucks for military use, South Korean newspaper JoongAng Ilbo reported Thursday, local time.
The trucks were used to transport North Korea’s new intercontinental ballistic missiles at the parade.
A South Korean government official who spoke to the JoongAng on the condition of anonymity said the “transporter erector launchers” used to carry the ICBMs was identified as the Taebaeksan-96.
“The ‘Taebaeksan-96’ was built in collaboration with a Russian company for civilian purposes, to use it for the military is illegal,” the official said.
According to the JoongAng, an expert panel report from the U.N. sanctions committee on North Korea issued in February stated the Taebaeksan trucks were similar to a series of Russian vehicles, after they were seen at a military parade in 2015.
The truck may also have been used as a launch vehicle for North Korea’s test of a KN-06 surface-to-air missile on April 2, 2016.
A Russian truck company began working with North Korea on an assembly plant launched in 2007, according to the report.
The Pyongsong Automobile Assembly Plant began building a medium-sized truck called the Taebaeksan-96, and afterward North Korea copied the model to begin its own production line of a similar truck.
Between 2006 and 2010, the Russian truck company requested its North Korea counterpart “Busen” to not use the jointly produced truck for the military but the request was ultimately ignored, according to the JoongAng.
Busen may be an abbreviation for Choson Busong Company.
United Nations Security Council sanctions Resolution 2270, adopted in March 2016, bans shipments of items for military use to North Korea.
A total of 156 truck assembly “kits” were sent to North Korea for production.
On Wednesday Russia opposed a Security Council statement, proposed by the United States that would condemn North Korea’s missile tests.
“Russia is slowing this down, and it is not clear why,” one diplomat told CBS News. “The U.S. wanted to get the message out.”
By Elizabeth Shim | <urn:uuid:a1937a0a-431c-4800-86d4-bf2080d13697> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thenewmail.co.uk/russia-built-trucks-replicated-north-korea-parade/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.968226 | 504 | 2.109375 | 2 |
I used to do a lot of painting, but at exhibitions, I needed to give paintings names. So I had to retrain and become a poet. I see peace in the mirror, but the world sees the elders as a burden.
What is it? How do you call it? The rhetoric of wisdom, or the whims of personalities?
When I learned how to hold a pencil, getting to know the elementary enabled me to draw a sketch. Years have passed … now I have long enjoyed reading, the real art of understanding the world and myself. And that’s much more than browsing the internet for ABC links. Time taught me to know the letters that led me to the life of prayer. The sense of human being opened the door to the mystery of silence.
Grace isn’t a little prayer you chant before receiving a meal. It’s a way to live. ~ Attributed to Jacqueline Winspear
The world is a dangerous place.
Not because of those who do evil,
but because of those who look on and do nothing.
– Albert Einstein
Great posts worth seeing from Tomas Karkalas: What next?
“Suffering is arguing with reality.” ~ Byron Katie
The title put a question what is this? So the viewer wonder where is he ? That‘s why I like the fine arts. „What is this?“ always blossoms out at art showrooms.
The close-up always works like magic – changes everything to the abstraction that captivates with its symbolism. People can only envy such consciousness outside the exhibition.
Trees read thoughts,
The trees comfort me,
but I appeal to you.
Silence obscures the truth
Freedom is never free; it is always bought with blood.– O.S. Hawkins.
“Painting is poetry that is seen rather than felt, and Poetry is painting that is felt rather than seen.” ~ Leonardo da Vinci
My story read here…
faith and hope always point to the future and thus take us out of “here and now”- only the love has the power to cross this trap and bridges heaven to the earth – see my images
“Kindness is the language which the deaf can hear and the blind can see.” ~ Mark Twain
The yellow “Sentinel” never tires of watching the developments, guards the earth underfoot. The picture serves as a shield against the rational mind – proves Mark Twain’ definition of the kindness which equips us with the truth for the sharing. So the artwork returned my freedom to choose :
if we would visualize the passersby as the letters, what would we read?
… I became even ashamed for my satisfaction with the present moment. That may sound strangely, but if I am enjoying my now, that means I do not wish to improve the situation – the incurable do not wish to recover (!) Can it be so?
Faith, hope, and love… I think that faith and hope always point to the future and thus take us out of “here and now”- only the love has the power to cross this trap and bridges heaven to the earth – see my images | <urn:uuid:6d72aeaf-0b4e-4bec-ae50-5f4cfde02b0b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://arthiker.wordpress.com/category/image/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.936065 | 687 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Sweet Cakes by Melissa, a bakery service with stores in both Gresham and Portland OR which refused to bake a lesbian couples wedding cake almost two years has been found guilty that they unlawfully discriminated against a same-sex couple by denying them full and equal access to a place of public accommodation” by refusing to bake them a wedding cake.
Oregon Live reports today. Judge Alan McCullough “found that the undisputed facts in the case supported charges of unlawful discrimination under the Oregon Equality Act.”
The ruling clears the way for a March 10 hearing which will convene to award damages to the same-sex couple, who at the time were Rachel Cryer and Laurel Bowman, and are now the Bowman-Cryers. over the business owners’ alleged religious beliefs and the violation of their customers’ civil rights.
Aaron and Melissa Klein the owners of SCBM have been the poster-bigots du jour of the Family Research Council’s latest “religious liberty” crusade.
READ MORE ABOUT THE “SWEET CAKES” CASE HERE.
Source: The New Civil Rights Movement
Matt Stolhandske, a self-described evangelical Christian and board member of Evangelicals for Marriage Equality, a “Christian group” focused on having “gay unions” instead of same-sex marriages recognized by the Government, on Friday wrote in a column published on the Washington Post website explaining why he and his group are raising money in hopes of covering the fine levies on Melissa and Aaron Klein, the anti-gay owners of “Sweet Cakes by Melissa” a bakery in Portland, Oregon, refused to make a cake for a lesbian couple’s wedding
Stolhandske wrote, ‘The Kleins say the $150,000 fee will bankrupt her family. I’m raising money to help offset that cost. I’ll send whatever we raise along to the Klein family with a message of love and peace. I don’t want them to suffer. But I am also pleading with them and other Christians to stop using the name of Jesus to explain to the LGBT community why we don’t deserve access to the civil rights afforded to heterosexuals through the legal institution of marriage.’
The Kliens assert that they were expressing their religious freedom when they turned down the couple’s order and have since jumped on the Family Research Council hate group bandwagon appearing at the last Values Voters Summit.
Stolhandske says he expects criticism from the gay community for extending an ‘olive branch.’ “You’re an apologist for homophobes,” they tell me.
And they are right.
Source: Gay Star News | <urn:uuid:93515f03-8b9b-409e-88ed-1f2ef19073f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.back2stonewall.com/tag/sweet-cakes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.952312 | 565 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Does Lowering Your Cholesterol Protect You From Ever Having A Heart Attack
Not necessarily. Since their arrival in the 1990s in Americans medicine cabinets nationwide, statin drugs have indeed proven very effective for reducing high LDL levels, and they do slow the progression of cholesterol-filled plaques. But sadly, the #1 cause of death in Americans taking statins to lower their elevated LDL levels is still heart attacks, states Kimberly Gomer, MS, RD, LDN, one of the many faculty who teach wellness education and nutrition workshops at the Pritikin Longevity Center.
How Much Fiber Should I Have
The American Heart Association recommends an average of 28 grams of fiber a day. However, daily fiber needs can vary from person to person.
Fiber can be found in vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, and whole grains. It can also be taken with fiber supplements that are typically mixed into water. Because most people do not eat the recommended amount of fiber, many food manufacturers also make snacks with added fiber.
Eating too much fiber, or quickly going from a low-fiber diet to one high in fiber can lead to uncomfortable side effects such as:
In rare instances, an intestinal blockage may occur if you eat an excessive amount of fiber in your diet.
The majority of Americans do not consume enough daily fiber. Speak with your healthcare provider or registered dietitian about how much daily fiber you need.
Can Exercise Help To Lower Cholesterol
Yes it can. Getting your blood pumping by doing exercise will reduce your cholesterol. Being active helps your body move the bad cholesterol to your liver where it can be removed out of your system.
You dont have to join a gym or go on long runs if you dont enjoy it, just look for chances to move more every day. Many people find that being active improves their mood so they make healthier food choices. You could try:
- taking the stairs instead of the lift
- a brisk walk instead of a slow walk
- doing two-minute bursts of jumping jacks several times a day
- yoga or pilates if you cant get out
- our exercises to do if youre stuck at home.
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How Much Can I Drink
Health guidelines recommend men and women have a maximum of 14 units of alcohol a week. Drinks should be spread out over the week , ideally with a couple of alcohol-free days in between.
Its not as simple as thinking one drink equals one unit. The number of units in a drink depend on the strength of the alcohol and the quantity consumed.
- 1 pint of ordinary strength beer, lager or cider = 2 units
- 175ml glass of red or white wine = 2 units
- 25ml pub measure of spirits = 1 unit
To find out the number of units in your favourite drinks, use the unit calculator.
Myth buster: Drinking red wine is good for the heart
Its commonly thought red wine may help to reduce the risk of heart disease thanks to the antioxidants it contains. But antioxidants are also found in many other foods such as fruit and veg.
Better still, the antioxidants in fruit and veg are naturally packaged with beneficial fibre and other vitamins and minerals and dont come with the negative effects of alcohol.
Meanwhile, research funded by the British Heart Foundation in 2018 found the risks of consuming alcohol on diseases of the heart and circulation outweigh any benefits . The truth is, drinking red wine or any other alcohol is not a great strategy for keeping our heart healthy and is more likely to do harm than good.
Lifestyle Tips To Cut Cholesterol
Changing some of your lifestyle habits may also help to reduce your cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Suggestions include:
- Cease alcohol consumption or reduce your alcohol intake to no more than one or two drinks a day. Avoid binge drinking. This may help lower your triglyceride levels.
- Dont smoke. Smoking increases the ability of LDL cholesterol to get into artery cells and cause damage.
- Exercise regularly . Exercise increases HDL levels while reducing LDL and triglyceride levels in the body.
- Lose any excess body fat. Being overweight may contribute to raised blood triglyceride and LDL levels.
- Control your blood sugar levels if you have diabetes. High blood sugars are linked to an increased risk of atherosclerosis , heart attacks and strokes.
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Eating Walnuts Daily Lowered ‘bad’ Cholesterol And May Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk
- American Heart Association
- Healthy older adults who ate a handful of walnuts a day for two years modestly lowered their level of low-density lipoprotein or LDL cholesterol levels. Consuming walnuts daily also reduced the number of LDL particles, a predictor of cardiovascular disease risk. The study explored the effects of a walnut-enriched diet on overall cholesterol in elderly individuals from diverse geographical locations and spanning two years.
Eating about ½ cup of walnuts every day for two years modestly lowered levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, known as “bad cholesterol,” and reduced the number of total LDL particles and small LDL particles in healthy, older adults, according to new research published today in the American Heart Association’s flagship journal Circulation.
Healthy older adults who ate a handful of walnuts a day for two years modestly lowered their level of low-density lipoprotein or LDL cholesterol levels. Consuming walnuts daily also reduced the number of LDL particles, a predictor of cardiovascular disease risk.
Walnuts are a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids , which have been shown to have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular health.
This study was conducted from May 2012 to May 2016 and involved 708 participants between the ages of 63 and 79 who were healthy, independent-living adults residing in Barcelona, Spain, and Loma Linda, California.
Among key findings of all study participants:
What Is Soluble Fiber
Soluble fiber provides the greatest heart-health benefits. It helps lower total and LDL cholesterol levels by binding to bile in the gut and removing it with the body’s waste. Bile is made up of cholesterol. Good sources of soluble fiber include:
- Oats and oat bran.
- Apples, bananas, pears and citrus fruits.
- Brussel sprouts, broccoli, cabbage, sweet potatoes, squash.
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Too Much Fiber In Your Low Cholesterol Diet
Soluble fiber, or fiber that is able to absorb water, can be an important part of your cholesterol-friendly diet. Because this type of fiber becomes gel-like as it moves through your digestive tract, it is able to remove the cholesterol, a waxy substance, found in the intestines. While it is possible to consume too much fiber, only 5% of Americans eat the recommended amount.
This article explains if it’s possible to consume too much fiber, as well as the recommended amount for a cholesterol-friendly diet. It also covers how to overcome the side effects of having too much fiber.
The Good The Bad And The Waxy
Cholesterol is a waxy goo made by the liver and circulated through your blood to help with all kinds of processes, like making hormones, vitamin D, and acids for digesting fatty foods.
Since the liver makes enough cholesterol, you dont need to get it from dietary sources like meat, eggs, and dairy.
A blood cholesterol test will reveal numbers for LDL, HDL, and triglycerides. Low density lipoprotein is the bad kind the higher this number, the higher your risk for heart disease.
High density lipoprotein is the good kind because it carries excess cholesterol to the liver to be disposed of.
Triglycerides are another type of fat in the blood that are associated with higher risk of heart disease and stroke.
Cholesterol levels tend to rise between the ages of 20 and 65. Men usually experience higher cholesterol up to the age of 55. For women, menopause often triggers cholesterol to rise.
The Relationship Between Fat And Cholesterol
How are fats related to blood cholesterol? Research shows that the amount and type of dietary fat consumed can affect blood cholesterol levels. Dietary fat, especially saturated and trans fats, may raise blood levels of total and LDL cholesterol. Replacing some saturated fats with polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats can help lower blood cholesterol. Recall that high total blood cholesterol levels and LDL cholesterol levels increase risk of heart disease, while lower levels reduce risk. Higher levels of HDL cholesterol help lower the risk for heart disease.
What foods contain fat and cholesterol? In some foods, fats are obvious, like noticeably greasy, fried or oily foods, or meats with visible marbling. In other foods, such as dairy, eggs, and some meats, fat and cholesterol is harder to see. Fats are found in both plant and animal foods, but cholesterol is only found in foods of animal origin. A food can be high in fat and cholesterol , high in fat but low in cholesterol , low in fat and high in cholesterol , or low in both . The nutrition facts label is a useful tool to determine the amount of fat or cholesterol in a particular food item.
More Tips To Lower Your Cholesterol Level
Apart from the answer to “how much cholesterol should I eat” and some food recommended to lower your cholesterol levels, you can learn more tips to adjust your lifestyle and keep your cholesterol in a safe range.
1. Avoid Trans-Fat
Trans-fat is abundantly present in fast food, processed food, fried food, donuts, pastries and bagels. Trans-fats are responsible for lowering HDL levels and increasing LDL levels, therefore we should avoid them.
2. Lose Excess Weight
Shedding off extra pounds will do great in lowering cholesterol levels. It is believed that losing 10 pounds can reduce LDL cholesterol by 8%. An estimation is that a daily intake of 1000 to 1200 calories for women will be beneficial in reducing weight. While in men, dietary plans with 1200 to 1600 calories in a day will do well.
3. Exercise Daily
Staying active and keeping muscles in working condition will do a lot in raising good cholesterol level and reducing bad cholesterol level. Aerobics, cardiac workout and jogging prove to be beneficial.
4. Increase Fiber Intake
Fibrous food also helps in reducing cholesterol levels as it prevents cholesterol absorption in body. Moreover, it gives feeling of fullness so that you can eat less. Corn, broccoli, raspberries, celery, apples, cabbage, beans are fiber enriched food. But too much fiber can cause bloating, so eat it in moderation.
5. Go Fish
6. Substitute Olive Oil for Butter
7. Eat Nuts
8. Reduce Your Stress
9. Add Spices
10. Quit Smoking
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What About Plant Stanols Or Sterols Products
If you have high cholesterol, using foods with added plant stanols and sterols has been shown to help to lower cholesterol levels. You need to eat 1.5-3g of plant stanols or sterols, in combination with a healthy diet, to see a reduction in cholesterol.
You can get this from fortified foods such as mini drinks, spreads, milk and yoghurts from both branded and supermarket own label products. If you decide to use these products, follow guidelines on the packet to get the right amount. However, they are not a substitute for healthy diet nor a replacement for cholesterol lowering medication. And if you dont have high cholesterol, these products are not recommended. Find out more in our Stanols and Sterols fact sheet.
Genetic Predisposition For Heart Disease In Smokers
Although the toxins introduced into the lungs are the same for every smoker, how they affect the body can vary greatly among these individuals. A 2007 study suggests that genetic factors play a significant role in cardiovascular disease risk among smokers.
Researchers at the University of Rochester found that 60% to 70% of the population has a common genetic defect in the substance that maintains the proportion of HDL to LDL. This substance is called the cholesteryl ester transfer protein . Though its exact workings are not fully understood, scientists believe CETP mediates the transfer of HDL to LDL cholesterol.
The genetic defect causes the CETP to work in overdrive, attacking the HDL and breaking it into particles that can be easily removed from the blood. This lowers HDL levels.
Because smoking is also known to lower HDL levels, the authors of the study note that the cumulative effect of both smoking and the genetic defect greatly increases the risk of developing heart disease. The study found that smokers with the genetic defect are likely to suffer a heart attack 12 years earlier than a non-smoker. Smokers who do not carry the common genetic defect have the same risk of having a heart attack as non-smokers.
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Myth: I Dont Need Statins Or Other Medicines For My Cholesterol I Can Manage My Cholesterol With Diet And Exercise
Fact: Although many people can achieve good cholesterol levels by making healthy food choices and getting enough physical activity, some people may also need medicines called statins to lower their cholesterol levels. Guidelinesexternal icon also suggest that other medicines in addition to statins may be needed to help control cholesterol.2
People who may need statins or other medicines to manage cholesterol levels include the following:
- People with familial hypercholesterolemia or people with very high levels of bad cholesterol. FH is a genetic condition that causes very high LDL cholesterol levels beginning at a young age. If left untreated, cholesterol levels will continue to get worse. This greatly raises the risk for heart disease, heart attack, and stroke at a young age.
- People with cardiovascular disease . People with CVD may already have narrowed arteries because of too much plaque. Medicines that lower cholesterol may help reduce the risk for heart attack or stroke.
- People with diabetes.Type 2 diabetes lowers HDL or good cholesterol levels and raises bad cholesterol levels. This combination raises your risk of heart disease and stroke.
Other groups of people may also need medicines to manage their cholesterol, including people who have a high risk for CVD. Always talk to your health care provider about the best ways to manage your cholesterol.
Theres A Lot Of Conflicting Information About Saturated Fats Should I Eat Them Or Not
The American Heart Association recommends limiting saturated fats which are found in butter, cheese, red meat and other animal-based foods. Decades of sound science has proven it can raise your bad cholesterol and put you at higher risk for heart disease.
The more important thing to remember is the overall dietary picture. Saturated fats are just one piece of the puzzle. In general, you cant go wrong eating more fruits, vegetables, whole grains and fewer calories.
When you hear about the latest diet of the day or a new or odd-sounding theory about food, consider the source. The American Heart Association makes dietary recommendations only after carefully considering the latest scientific evidence.
Written by American Heart Association editorial staff and reviewed by science and medicine advisers. See our editorial policies and staff.
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Enjoy A Tipple But In Moderation
Many of us who enjoy a glass of wine may think its a good way to look after our heart. But the truth is, eating healthily, stopping smoking and being more active are far more beneficial to heart health than drinking alcohol. In fact, alcohol is more likely to damage, rather than protect, our heart, especially when we drink more than is recommended.
Drinking too much increases the chances of having raised triglycerides and high blood pressure and can cause abnormal heart rhythms . Plus, alcohol is high in calories, an excess of which can lead to unwanted weight gain and being overweight increases the risk of high blood cholesterol. It can also hinder our good intentions to eat more healthily. In short, too much booze in the long term means were more likely to have a heart attack or stroke and it increases our risk of developing other conditions including some cancers and liver disease .
Reduce Saturates Rather Than Cholesterol In Food
Cholesterol is only found in animal foods, usually in relatively small amounts. But a few foods, including eggs , shellfish and liver , contain much larger quantities. In the past, this meant advice was to limit these high-cholesterol foods if you had high blood cholesterol. Eggs were usually pinpointed as foods to avoid by anyone with high cholesterol as they tend to be eaten more often than shellfish or liver.
However, newer research now shows that compared to saturated fats, for most people the cholesterol in food impacts only moderately our blood cholesterol levels. The exception is people who suffer with Familial Hypercholesterolaemia , an inherited condition that results in extremely high blood cholesterol levels, and those with high cholesterol or at a high risk of cardiovascular disease, as well as people with high risk of CHD/CVD, enhanced cholesterol absorption due to certain gene variants in sterol transporters like ABCG5/G8 .
For most people though, saturated fat has a far bigger effect on blood cholesterol than the cholesterol found in food. This means if you need to lower your blood cholesterol, the most important thing you can do is eat fewer foods that contain saturates, such as fatty meats, full-fat milk, butter, lard, cream, pastry, cakes and biscuits. Meanwhile, most people can enjoy eggs as part of a healthy, balanced diet thats low in saturated fat, unless advised otherwise by their GP or a dietitian.
You May Like: Is Canned Tuna Good For Lowering Cholesterol | <urn:uuid:91e716a1-c015-493c-a94c-1f280e878239> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.healthycholesterolclub.com/how-much-daily-cholesterol-to-lower/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.930888 | 3,694 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Some good news, for once: Health care and government organizations started 2021 with ransomware incidents at their lowest point in more than a year.
Recorded Future reports that there were just two ransomware attacks on healthcare organizations in January, a fourfold decrease from the monthly average in 2020. In addition, state and local governments reported four ransomware incidents in January, compared to 14 attacks in December 2020 and 15 in December 2019.
Allan Liska, a ransomware expert at Recorded Future, said one explanation for the decline are the various crackdowns on ransomware groups. In January, the Department of Justice brought charges against a Canadian national as part of its effort to take global action against operators of the NetWalker ransomware. Earlier this month, French and Ukranian law enforcement arrested individuals allegedly tied to the Egregor ransomware-as-a-service operation, and in January, Europol announced an action to disrupt and take control of the Emotet botnet.
“For the most part, we don’t know what all the ransomware actors are thinking about all these takedowns,” Liksa said. “However, there are some signs that it’s had a chilling effect. Smaller groups like Fonix and Ziggy have seemed to shut down recently, suggesting that some operators may be getting nervous about law enforcement actions.”
Liska said the drop in incidents may be temporary, however, as January and February have traditionally been slow months for ransomware attacks against certain industries. In 2019, for example, only about 10 percent of ransomware attacks against the healthcare sector occurred during those two months, and that percentage was only slightly higher in 2020. School districts and government agencies could also see an uptick in ransomware attacks later this year, when students and teachers go back to school after more people are vaccinated.
Security pros tended to agree that the number of attacks at hospitals and schools will increase as the year goes on.
Kashif Hafeez, senior director at WhiteHat Security, said the move to remote learning during the pandemic opened up new attack surfaces that school systems were not prepared to support and leave them vulnerable to a major security event.
“As technology in schools continues to advance, so do the challenges that come with it — especially the cyber risks, which only intensify in the education sector,” Hafeez said. “In today’s environment, where schools operate remotely, they have increased the use of technology for teaching, learning and managing day-to-day operations. This provides cybercriminals with new opportunities, greatly increasing the attack surface, meaning that schools have become more vulnerable to cyberattacks.”
Mohit Tiwari, CEO and co-founder at Symmetry Systems, also said he didn’t expect to see fewer ransomware attacks on schools and hospitals in the months ahead. He said the absolute numbers are very small and any one outbreak can skew the numbers.
“With healthcare, in particular, computing flaws are highly correlated and can spread quickly,” Tiwari said. “With the right investments, there’s new technology that can shift certified workloads into safer virtual machines and put defenses around it, and better identity and authorize methods that prevent small errors from scaling out across the organization.” | <urn:uuid:383b63d5-1b0f-4cc9-8e47-1632e12c7c08> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scmagazine.com/news/malware/so-far-ransomware-attacks-way-down-at-schools-hospitals-in-2021 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.973614 | 674 | 1.8125 | 2 |
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Tshwane will on Sunday launch an amnesty programme for customers who have tampered with their water and electricity connections to record incorrect or lower consumption.
During his budget speech in May, MMC for finance, Peter Sutton said daily electricity theft was costing the city an estimated R470m a year.
To address this he said the city would partner with law-enforcement agencies.
However, customers will be given an opportunity to come clean and apply for amnesty before the city fines them.
The amnesty programme will run for two months, after which “drastic measures will be implemented to deal with transgressors”. | <urn:uuid:f44bc842-4ea7-4f53-8a15-2042199f5a7c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/south-africa/2022-07-30-amnesty-for-tshwane-residents-who-have-tampered-with-water-electricity-meters/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.960455 | 131 | 1.664063 | 2 |
This volume presents an examination of both the common and unusual acts of murder in light of society's changing norms, values, attitudes, and customs. Each chapter explores a specific type of murder by examining trends, methods, motives and statistics, and concludes with suggestions aimed at prediction and prevention.
Chapter 8: Sex-Related Homicide
- What is Sexual Homicide? 134
- Elements in Sexual Homicide 141
- Lust Murder 144
- Conclusion 153
Sexually motivated homicide is perhaps the most disturbing of all types of murder. These cases, which often involved sexual mutilation of body parts and/or acts of necrophilia, cannibalism, and vampirism, send the terrifying signal that a sexual psychopath is on the ... | <urn:uuid:8c50d0a0-9f4e-4bb8-b8fb-7aa17ef282b2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sk.sagepub.com/books/murder-in-america-2e/n8.xml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.898557 | 167 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Glasses are rigid, but flow when the temperature is increased. Similarly, granular materials are rigid, but become unjammed and flow if sufficient shear stress is applied. The rigid and flowing phases are strikingly different, yet measurements reveal that the structures of glass and liquid are virtually indistinguishable1,2. It is therefore natural to ask whether there is a structural signature of the jammed granular state that distinguishes it from its flowing counterpart. Here we find evidence for such a signature, by measuring the contact-force distribution between particles during shearing. Because the forces are sensitive to minute variations in particle position, the distribution of forces can serve as a microscope with which to observe correlations in the positions of nearest neighbours. We find a qualitative change in the force distribution at the onset of jamming. If, as has been proposed3,4,5,6,7,8,9, the jamming and glass transitions are related, our observation of a structural signature associated with jamming hints at the existence of a similar structural difference at the glass transition—presumably too subtle for conventional scattering techniques to uncover. Our measurements also provide a determination of a granular temperature that is the counterpart in granular systems to the glass-transition temperature in liquids.
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Frick, B. & Richter, D. The microscopic basis of the glass-transition in polymers from neutron-scattering studies. Science 267, 1939–1945 (1995)
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Liu, A. J., Nagel, S. R. (eds) Jamming and Rheology. Constrained Dynamics on Microscopic and Macroscopic Scales (Taylor and Francis, London, 2001)
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Lacevic, N. & Glotzer, S. C. Dynamical heterogeneity and jamming in glass-forming liquids. Preprint at http://arxiv.org/cond-mat/0406451 (2004).
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Howell, D. & Behringer, R. P. in Powders and Grains 97 (eds Behringer, R. P. & Jenkins, J. T.) 337–340 (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1997)
Baxter, G. W. in Powders and Grains 97 (eds Behringer, R. P. & Jenkins, J. T.) 345–348 (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1997)
Blair, D. L., Mueggenburg, N. W., Marshall, A. H., Jaeger, H. M. & Nagel, S. R. Force distributions in three-dimensional granular assemblies: Effects of packing order and interparticle friction. Phys. Rev. E 63, 041304 (2001)
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Mueth, D. M., Jaeger, H. M. & Nagel, S. R. Force distribution in a granular medium. Phys. Rev. E 57, 3164–3169 (1998)
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O'Hern, C. S., Silbert, L. E., Liu, A. J. & Nagel, S. R. Jamming at zero temperature and zero applied stress: The epitome of disorder. Phys. Rev. E 68, 011306 (2003)
O'Hern, C. S., Langer, S. A., Liu, A. J. & Nagel, S. R. Force distributions near jamming and glass transitions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 111–114 (2001)
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We thank A. Bushmaker, X. Cheng, M. Möbius and N. Mueggenburg for help with the experiment, and S. Coppersmith, B. Chakraborty, A. Ferguson, A. J. Liu, N. Menon, C. S. O'Hern and L. Silbert for discussions about effective temperatures and force distributions. This work was supported by NSF-MRSEC, NSF-CTS and DOE.
Reprints and permissions information is available at npg.nature.com/reprintsandpermissions. The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Corwin, E., Jaeger, H. & Nagel, S. Structural signature of jamming in granular media. Nature 435, 1075–1078 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03698
Mechanism of Packing Rigidity Gain in Sand Aging: From the Perspective of Structural Order Evolution
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Granular Matter (2020) | <urn:uuid:3918dd21-49e1-4139-8bdd-83dd7522d856> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nature.com/articles/nature03698?error=cookies_not_supported&code=05927012-303d-466b-97df-8178ed2d3b90 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.762174 | 2,104 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Jonathan Scott Answers Climate Reality’s Solar Energy Questions
Around the world, cities, states, countries, and companies (and people just like you!) are making the switch to clean, renewable solar energy to take control of their energy futures — and because it just makes good economic sense.
At the same time, fossil fuel utilities are engaging in deceptive tactics to try to forestall the inevitable and protect their billions in profits – at the expense of people all over the world trying to live healthy, safe, independent lives.
We’re sure you’ve got a lot of questions. We think Knowledge is Power, a collaborative effort with Property Brother and solar advocate Jonathan Scott, provides the answers you need to take action to support solar energy when it matters the most.
Below, enjoy an excerpt from Knowledge is Power, where Jonathan answers some pressing questions about solar energy. This Q&A has been edited for length and clarity. For the full interview, get your free e-book here.
You and your brother, Drew, have built, bought, and sold houses across North America for the past 20-plus years. From a contractor’s perspective, how would you describe the road to clean, renewable energy?
As building technology continues to improve and price points for that technology continue to drop, we will see renewable energy become more and more prevalent in the average home. I believe we will see battery storage becoming a standard option, and smart systems that will allow you to store produced energy in those batteries or in your electric vehicle when plugged into your home. The prospect of claiming your energy independence, reducing your overhead, and protecting the planet — without even thinking about it — is very exciting!
Solar energy has been around for decades, hasn’t it? Why the big push now?
First of all, I think the most crucial piece of the puzzle is public awareness. People have more options than ever before to do the right thing environmentally, whether it’s recycling your old computer or putting solar panels on your roof. Until now, solar was considered too expensive to be a viable solution for everybody. But all of a sudden, the amount of energy produced by PV panels has increased substantially and the cost of those panels has plummeted significantly — making it now cheaper than fossil fuel alternatives at both the utility scale and for residential use.
Do residential solar energy systems require a lot of maintenance?
No, solar systems are fairly straightforward and require little to no maintenance. The panels themselves generally last about 20 years, which is why major corporations and municipalities prefer them. The fixed costs are easy to plan around. Too much dust or debris on the panel surface can reduce energy production, but Mother Nature usually keeps everything clean with the occasional rain shower. Otherwise, you can just hose it down. I live in Las Vegas, and the panels on my house have withstood years of desert sand blowing around without needing any maintenance.
Will my home solar-electrical system work at night or on rainy days?
Though your solar system will not produce energy in the dead of night, it does still produce energy on cloudy, rainy days. In fact, Germany is one of the world’s leading producers of solar power, with PVs contributing as much as 15 percent to the country’s power mix in a given month. To put that in perspective, Portland, Oregon, averages 2,341 hours of sunshine per year, while most German cities barely top 1,600.
What happens during a power outage? Does my solar-energy system just automatically kick in? Even in a storm?
If the grid power goes out for any reason, your power still goes out, unless you have back-up battery packs installed in your home, which I highly recommend.
One exciting trend I’m seeing in the building industry is a presumption that solar will be standard in the near future — new construction often includes installation of a home battery or two now, as well as an option, or, in the case of California, a requirement, to put up solar panels. With one or two unobtrusive battery packs hanging on a wall, you’ve got a supply of solar to tap into during an outage. A battery also helps you spread your solar energy into the evening, but keep in mind that most residential battery units right now only cover four circuits in your home, so you’d have to decide what circuits are the most important for you to keep active during a blackout.
Are there ways to access solar power without investing in my own system?
There are many different alternatives, and it’s worth checking out what options may be available where you live, since utilities differ in what they are willing to offer, and regulations vary from state to state and even municipality to municipality. There are two ways to look at solar: One is your ability to reduce your energy costs and put money in your pocket, and the other is your desire to do something environmentally responsible.
If you live in a region that allows net-metering and other credits when your system generates more electricity than you use and sends the excess back to the grid, then your best option is to buy the panels upfront. Most solar companies offer the option to finance the purchase, or to lease you the panels. They’ll want their cut, of course, but you’ll still get to benefit from lower rates and solar energy production for your home minus the burden of the upfront cost.
The third option is to go with a company like Solar City or Sunrun, which will install your system and handle all the maintenance at no cost to you when you sign a contract agreeing to purchase all your energy from them for the next 20 years. Usually, you’ll shave a hair off your utility bill, paying around 95 percent of what you did pre-solar. The downside is that you won’t be able to reap the mass of savings once the system is paid off — but you still get that greater reward of knowing you’re doing something significant to help the environment.
Tell me more about net-metering.
There’s a lot of confusion surrounding net-metering. It is not a subsidy. It is, however, one of the most beneficial programs that makes going solar worthwhile. Net-metering simply allows you to sell your excess energy back to the grid. Every state has different policies in place as to what they will or will not allow. Over 30 states currently offer net-metering, but the practice is continually under attack by special interests that don’t want to fairly share the economic and financial benefits of distributed energy with the customers whose panels have generated it.
Here’s how it basically works: Many solar producers create more energy than they need during the day. That excess can be sold back to the grid for other people to use when demand is high. This “credit” can offset your energy usage at night when your solar panels are not producing.
Are clean renewables like solar and wind energy in position to completely replace existing conventional power systems anytime soon?
Until there is substantial improvement in energy storage technology, there will likely still be a need for diversity in energy production. But experts say we’re closing in on solutions to that battery problem. There are actually hundreds of cities around the world that are 100 percent renewable already. It can be done.
Where do we go from here?
We need to focus on eliminating the dirtiest of the power-producing plants first, which include coal and natural gas. The public health threats they pose can no longer be overlooked or denied. To cite just one example, once burned, coal produces a toxic ash that is typically disposed of in waste ponds. But a new investigation by Earth Justice of the coal industry’s own data found that most of those ponds have no lining, and 242 of 265 — that’s 91 percent — of coal-fired plants with monitoring in place have leaked coal ash into groundwater. Contaminants include arsenic, lead, selenium, radium, and methyl mercury, all of can cause cancer, heart disease, stroke, and permanent brain damage in children.
But fossil fuels have been around forever, literally. Isn’t this like trying to put the genie back in the bottle?
Fossil fuels will still be around for decades to come – we just need to aggressively reduce our dependence on them. But many scientists say it is feasible that within 10 years, the country could be run by 60 percent renewables. That would be a huge step in the right direction. And seeing the trajectory of implementation, it would likely be that within about 16 or 17 years we could be 100 percent renewable... and a global leader in the energy revolution.
And as we substitute dirty energies for clean energies like solar and wind — in a decentralized fashion – we will see air quality improve and respiratory illnesses diminish while gaining far more stability in our national energy system overall.
The simple, undeniable fact is this: The sun can provide more energy in an hour than all of humanity uses in a year. We’re talking about an inexhaustible supply of clean, safe, reliable power that people and countries across the planet can access to power their lives and economies.
Even still, fossil fuel utilities continue to make billions of dollars from dirty energy monopolies – while the rest of us pay the consequences.
Learn more about the incredible benefits of solar energy and the deceptive tactics fossil fuel utilities are using to protect their bottom lines at the expense of every person on the planet by downloading Knowledge is Power now. | <urn:uuid:d52a9fa6-5a76-4b5c-a33e-81a1ccdca573> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/jonathan-scott-answers-climate-reality-solar-energy-questions | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.945713 | 1,964 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Welcome to Instructional Technology.
Since computers have become a major part of our tools for work and learning, it is our goal to provide on time support to our schools and centers. We now have the means to connect to you remotely and solve most technical issues. This technology saves time and cuts down on travel expenses.
Please view our district technology plan below for more information on how we are working to keep technology and learning on track. View/Download the current plan.
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Extending the Office 365 ProPlus benefit to faculty and staff ensures that teachers are using the latest versions of Office and the same feature set as their students. It will allow teachers to install full Office on up to five PCs or Macs and unlock the editing capabilities of the Office apps for iPad. It also gives them access to all their Office documents both at school and at home. With Office 365 ProPlus teachers can take advantage of great Office apps and add-ins like Office Mix to record and publish class lectures.
Microsoft Student Advantage Program
Alachua County Public Schools is proud to announce the new Microsoft Student Advantage Program to students and parents. This program provides free access to Office 365 Pro Plus for students enrolled in school districts that purchase enterprise-level licenses. Alachua County Public Schools meets this requirement!
Any student who is currently enrolled in the Alachua County School District is eligible and may download and install Office 365 Pro applications on up to 5 devices (PC, MAC, and/or mobile device).
Alachua County Public Schools assumes no liability concerning teacher or staff home computing devices if they choose to download and install these applications. Users who encounter technical difficulties must seek technical support on their own or contact Microsoft directly. (more fine print)
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Sluggish schizophrenia: symptoms and treatment
Schizophrenia is a psychotic illness that is accompanied by a disorder of thought processes and disturbances in emotional response. One of the varieties of this mental disorder is sluggish schizophrenia. Its distinguishing feature is a slow flow and a blurred symptomatic picture. Treatment of sluggish schizophrenia is a long and painstaking process.
Symptoms of sluggish schizophrenia
– The patient has disturbances in mental activity, spheres of perception, signs of paranoia appear.
– Manifestations of this disease are hysterical seizures, accompanied by sobs and often self-inflicted bodily harm. Personality disorders are also observed: a manic desire for universal admiration, emphasized defiant behavior, unreasonable mood swings; physiological changes – unsteady gait, tremor of the limbs during excitement. – Often, patients have an obsession with their incurable illness or impending death.
Sluggish schizophrenia signs: in addition to the above symptoms, this disease can manifest itself in others. For example, patients may show a too pronounced desire for solitude, suffer from various phobias, experience unreasonable anxiety, and get tired too quickly.
How does sluggish schizophrenia manifest itself?
Sluggish schizophrenia is called schizotypal disorder, thereby delimiting it from other types of schizophrenia. This is not entirely natural: schizophrenia remains schizophrenia no matter how quickly it develops.
In sluggish schizophrenia, the symptoms are usually similar to manifestations of neurosis: “obsessions” appear, a tendency to perform various rituals (already existing or invented by the patient himself). Excessive “philosophizing” and abstract reflections that have no value are very characteristic of her.
This disease is rarely diagnosed. This is not surprising: ritualism or “compulsion” is rarely associated with such serious mental disorders.
With this pathology, patients may feel unmotivated fears that seem absurd to a healthy person. For example, patients may experience an overwhelming fear of a particular color or shape. A person dressed in an orange sweater with square patterns can cause fear in the patient and a desire to run away, hide from the whole world.
Over time, the patient ceases to feel these fears as something painful and wrong: such sensations become the “norm” for him. Sometimes sluggish schizophrenia causes obsessive desires, and their character, as a rule, is very peculiar. A person suffering from such a disease can spit in the face of a passer-by and throw a stone at him if his obsessive desire so requires. Hundreds of such examples could be cited.
All this is very draining and tiring. Patients complain of impotence, constant fatigue and insomnia . The range of interests narrows: patients stop paying attention to what is happening around, focusing their attention on one thing (often on their own state).
Later, senestopathies may appear . These peculiar perceptual disturbances can hardly be called hallucinations, although there are many similarities between them. The patient may complain that his body is completely filled with water or pus, and the brain has turned into a huge rotating spiral. At the same time, a person who is ill with sluggish schizophrenia will be completely and completely sure that he is telling the truth.
Loss of your own “I”
Depersonalization is a state in which a person ceases to feel like a separate person who has his own thinking and his own will. Often such disorders occur in patients with indolent schizophrenia, especially if the disease lasts a long time and the patient does not receive any treatment.
A person ceases to feel his thoughts, emotions and aspirations personally as his own – it seems to him that someone from outside controls his psyche. At the same time, everything that the patient does, he calls “automatic”, while emphasizing the deficit of his own personality.
Dysmorphophobia , which is almost always accompanied by dysmorphomania , is a person’s desire to “seek out” and eliminate his physical shortcomings.
Patients with sluggish schizophrenia often suffer from anorexia, trying to achieve an ideal appearance for their perception. Sometimes this disorder is very pronounced and makes life difficult for a person.
Often, sluggish schizophrenia is accompanied by hysteria. Hysteria is an extremely complex disorder that can take thousands of forms and variants. The only thing that unites all hysterical diseases is the desire of the patient to be in the center of everyone’s attention. If such a patient does not find sympathy and support, all hysterical disorders disappear without a trace.
This often misleads doctors of other specialties: hysteria in sluggish schizophrenia can cause the patient to unconsciously simulate a wide variety of diseases.
Treatment of sluggish schizophrenia
Treatment of a patient with a similar disease is primarily prescribed medication. While taking medication, you must strictly adhere to the doctor’s prescriptions, since the effectiveness of treatment depends on this. Treatment of indolent schizophrenia is not limited to medications. Such a patient needs psychological support from a specialist (trainings, professional rehabilitation) and close people. | <urn:uuid:446935e5-4d21-4904-bcd7-9c5002ecc5c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stop-depression-info.com/blog/sluggish-schizophrenia-symptoms-and-treatment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.949527 | 1,039 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Live stream: Cassini spacecraft sends final images before plunge into Saturn
NASA's Cassini spacecraft makes its "grand finale" Friday morning, diving into Saturn’s atmosphere where it will disintegrate and melt in fewer than two minutes. Watch live in the player above as the craft sends back its final images to Earth, and then dies.
“The spacecraft has been used to its fullest,” Cassini program manager Earl Maize of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory said. “We will have it broadcast data back down to the very, very last minute.”
Launched in 1997, Cassini has been studying Saturn and its moons since 2004. Now Cassini is running low on fuel so managers decided to have it self-destruct on Saturn rather than risk collision with nearby moons.
Since late April, Cassini has been enjoying a strenuous farewell tour of Saturn that saw the spacecraft dip repeatedly into the unexplored territory between Saturn and its nested halos. On this “Grand Finale,” as NASA calls it, the spacecraft has zipped through the gap between planet and rings 20 times, taking the first samples of both the rings and Saturn’s outer atmosphere. The spacecraft also discovered that the planet’s atmosphere and rings are entangled in a complex relationship beyond what researchers had expected. | <urn:uuid:ba220a58-376e-448a-ac0d-5efaf19f04ed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2017/09/15/live-stream-cassini-spacecraft-sends-final-images-before-death-plunge/105609328/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.955554 | 273 | 2.859375 | 3 |
If your loved one was injured, made ill, or abused because of their vulnerable status, the personal injury attorneys at Sand Law can help! Read on to learn more about injuries to vulnerable adults.
Who is considered a vulnerable adult?
A vulnerable adult is defined as a person over the age of 18 who is unable to meet their own needs without the assistance of another person. This can include people who have mental illness, mental deficiency, physical illness, a disability, those who are in advanced age, or people with chronic addiction to drugs or alcohol. Vulnerable adult abuse can occur between close family members, anyone taking care of a vulnerable adult, or in a nursing home or senior center. Unfortunately, this type of abuse is common and there are many circumstances in which this type of abuse can occur.
Often, vulnerable adult abuse is hard to detect or report. It’s important to look for signs of abuse in your vulnerable family members. These signs can appear as a change in mental state, new bruises or injuries, or a new lack of communication. These signs may differ depending on the person, so it’s important to pay close attention to the vulnerable adult in your life to see if they seem different or “off” in any way.
According to the National Council on Aging (NCOA), 1 in 10 Americans over the age of 60 have experienced some form of elder abuse. They also estimate that over 5 million elders are abused each year while only 1 in 14 cases are actually reported to the authorities.
If you notice changes in a vulnerable loved one, you may be able to help them receive compensation for the wrong that has been done to them. As it can be hard for a vulnerable adult to take action themselves, sometimes it’s up to a third-party advocate to speak up for them. An experienced Minnesota vulnerable adult abuse lawyer can help you and your family to navigate this often complicated but necessary process.
Types of Vulnerable Adult Abuse
Vulnerable adult abuse can come in many different forms and can also occur simultaneously. A vulnerable adult may experience multiple forms of abuse at the same time, depending on their situation.
No matter the type of abuse, you may be able to file a lawsuit to hold perpetrators accountable, meaning the victim of the abuse may be able to receive compensation for the wrongs that have been done to them with the help of an experienced attorney.
Physical abuse is described as any intentional bodily injury. This can include slapping, pushing, choking, shoving, or any physical interaction that causes injury to the vulnerable party. Physical abuse can also include the forced use of drugs or the physical restraining of the vulnerable party.
Physical abuse can not only seriously injure a vulnerable party, but it often results in emotional abuse too.
This type of abuse, and most types of abuse, also carry an aspect of trauma with them as well, as these events can be traumatizing for the vulnerable adult. Signs of physical abuse can include new bruises or injuries, decreased movement, lack of willingness to go out, sudden change in behavior, and even the caregiver’s refusal to allow visitors to see the vulnerable adult alone.
Mental and Emotional Abuse
Mental and emotional abuse can be harder to spot as there aren’t any physical signs of the abuse occurring. This abuse can include intimidation, coercion, harassment, ridiculing, treating the adult like a child, isolating the adult, use of silence to control the adult’s behavior, and yelling or swearing at the adult.
While this type of abuse doesn’t cause any physical pain, it can often cause just as much pain. The abusing party can also still be subject to a lawsuit for the poor treatment of the vulnerable adult. Mental abuse also often goes hand-in-hand with physical abuse.
Sexual abuse refers to any nonconsensual sexual contact with a vulnerable adult. In these types of situations, vulnerable adults may not even be able to offer consent to sexual activity of any kind, especially in people with diminished capacity.
Sexual abuse can include unwanted touching, rape, coerced nudity, explicit photographing, or sexual harassment.
Neglect is especially harmful when it comes to vulnerable adults, as they often require a lot of care to get through their days. If their caregiver is neglectful of them, it can result in serious injury or even fatality, especially if the vulnerable adult requires medication each day.
Neglect occurs when a caretaker, through action or inaction, fails to properly take care of the vulnerable adult. Examples include not providing medicine, food, water, proper clothing, a proper place to live, or even health care. Vulnerable adults rely on their caregivers to take care of them and sometimes to even keep them alive.
What should I do if suspect abuse?
Start by speaking to the person in private. Mention why you are talking to them and some of the things you’ve noticed. Be sure to let them talk about the concerns as much or as little as they would like. It’s possible that if they are being abused they may be reluctant to talk about it. That is okay. You should still share your concerns with someone else.
If an adult is being abused or neglected it is important that you get them help. If possible, ask the person what they would like to see done about the situation. If this is not an option, you should proceed on your own to make sure that situation is resolved.
Speak to others who know the adult and find out what they know. This could be other nursing home residents or maybe a family member that visits with them. Pass on your concerns to their doctor or to their social worker, if they have one.
If you suspect the situation is serious, contact the police right away. In dire situations, leaving a person in a situation for even one more night can cause serious harm.
Contact a Vulnerable Adult Injury and Abuse Lawyer in Minnesota
No matter the reason for the abuse, you’ll always want to contact an attorney to help you build a case for your loved one. Seeking help from a personal injury attorney will allow the vulnerable adult to get justice for their mistreatment as well as receive compensation for any medical bills and pain and suffering that they have experienced.
The lawyers at Sand Law are here to help you and your family get compensation. We have years of experience making wrongs right for individuals who suffer from abuse. For more information, please contact us online or call us at 651-291-7263. | <urn:uuid:5530f232-80f3-4e1d-ad31-c7719f7f5bb2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sandlawllc.com/practice-areas/minnesota-personal-injury-attorneys/vulnerable-adult-abuse/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.964306 | 1,346 | 1.875 | 2 |
Detecting Deception Erik Skrudland Columbia Southern University Abstract Since the day you first learned to lie as a child, your parents have probably demonstrated extraordinary talent at knowing when you are telling the truth….. and when you are lying. Did you ever wonder how they knew? Chances are it was collection of things called “ tells” that you were unaware of that gave you away. When most people lie, their body goes through a serious of physiological reactions that are subconscious and therefore uncontrollable.
While most people cannot make even a better than chance guess at telling when a person is lying, by analyzing things like “ micro-expressions”, body language, speech patterns and writing techniques, experts can increase the probability of determining deception to levels as high as 90%. The recent inclusion of software speech and facial recognition software has greatly increased the success of these efforts and every day, technological and psychological advances increase the chances of success for law enforcement personnel worldwide. But can anyone do this?
Detecting Deception Wouldn’t it be great if you could tell when someone was lying to you just by observing them? And the harder they tried to conceal the truth, the easier it was for you to tell they were lying. Some people say they can do just that. It’s not a super-power they claim to have; but simply the ability to read the “ tells” that almost everyone displays when they are not saying what they believe is the truth. From “ micro-expressions” to body language to verbal slips; your body is almost always giving away all your secrets.
But is it possible for anyone to tell if a person is lying just by watching them and if so, how? When a person is suspected of a crime, the first thing the police usually do is bring them in for questioning, which is really just a polite way of saying “ interrogation”. Interrogations are a lot better now than they used to be; sharp knives, electric prods and whipping used to be the norm (Navarro, Schaffer, 9), but now we only allow verbal questioning which means that interrogators must be very good at detecting deception.
The first step someone would want to do to conduct a successful interrogation is to create the optimal environment starting with clearing the area of any distractions or obstacles between the interviewee and the interviewer. Anything that presents a barrier for the subject to hide behind must be eliminated. It can be as small as a soda can or the corner of a table, but by eliminating these obstacles, a deceptive subject will feel more vulnerable and therefore telegraph their discomfort more clearly resulting in greater changes in body language and a better chance for you to determine their deception. Navarro, Schafer, 10) Telling a little white lie is pretty easy to conceal, but when the stakes are high, your body has a hard time hiding it’s emotions in ways that you would never consider. Unknown to most, a large portion of nonverbal behavior emanates from the lower body; feet that fidget or point to the door communicate discomfort. (Navarro, Schaffer, 10) And have you ever noticed someone leaning toward you or spreading out when you are talking to them?
These are the signs of comfort and truthfulness that are present in everyday conversation but when pressed, liars tend to lean away and increase the space between themselves and other while drawing into a small space as if hiding or frozen. (Navarro, Schaffer, 11) Another thing that gives liars away is head movement; specifically head movement that doesn’t match the verbal response. Sometimes people say yes, but nod no instead. Navarro, Schafer, 10) Elmhurst, IL Police Chief John Millner, a recognized expert on forensic body language, states that one of the best signs of dishonesty is the innocuous nose rub; especially when combined with a break in eye contact. (Office Tics, Davidson, 3) Since we are obviously not as in control of our bodies as we believe we are, studying and cataloging these signs can be used to determine truthfulness in everyday situations. They say that the eyes are the windows to the soul, and when trying to determine the truth, the eyes may be the key to really being able to tell when someone is lying.
Most people believe that liars avoid eye contact, but in reality, they often increase their eye contact because they have learned that investigators look to it as a sign of truthfulness (Navarro, Schaffer, 10). Another to determine deception is through the length of someone’s eye blinks. A slightly longer than normal eye blink can be a sign that a person doesn’t fully believe or support something they have said. By cataloging a person’s normal eye blink length, you can compare the responses during questioning and determine the validity of a subject’s statement. Navarro, Schaffer, 10) Millner explains “ To get at a lie, you have to compare someone to him or herself, not to arbitrary criteria. ” (Davidson, 4) In other words, you must have a baseline to compare everything else to. But blinking and eye contact are not the only way the eyes deceive; people also tend to look in certain directions when remembering things or creating new thoughts. By analyzing the direction of gaze during questioning, a reasonable guess at validity can be made.
Additionally, Millner states that the real key to analyzing someone’s expressions is not to look for large gestures, but to look for subtle, out of place micro-expressions; expressions that last for just a fraction of a second and are then gone. (Davidson, 4) These expressions are impossible to control and may be the key to determining truthfulness. To make matters even more complicated, despite what you may think, honest people and liars don’t speak even the same language.
When people tell the truth, they make an effort to ensure that others understand them, whereas, when people are lying, they more often attempt to manage other people’s perceptions through their wording (Navarro, Schaffer, 10). They will rarely include negative details in their stories and silence makes them uncomfortable so they tend to keep talking until they are sure their version of the truth is accepted. By listening intently throughout the silence, you can often detect when a liar slips up and reveals the truth. Navarro, Schafer, 12) In addition to listening for a liar to slip up, you can actually influence someone to tell the truth using certain key phrases. By allowing offering someone a dignified way to admit to a lie, you can oftentimes influence the truth out of them. The use of Rationalization, Projection and Minimization techniques through phrases like “ accidents happen”, “ everybody makes mistakes” and “ you had no choice” can be used to influence a liar to “ spill the beans”. (Napier, Adams, 11) All the techniques that were presented here sound pretty easy to practice, but will they work in real life?
Many have wondered this same thing, so there have been numerous studies conducted on detecting deceit and in nearly every one unfortunately, the conclusion is the same; people are rarely able to tell the difference between a lie and the truth. In fact, the average score has rarely gone above 60%; hardly better than chance and in many cases, the average score was worse than chance. Of course, most of these studies were with untrained college students, but a few focused on professional lie catchers with hardly better results (Ekman, O’Sullivan, 913). There has been one exception, however.
In a recent study, mainly to combat the problems with the previous ones, Ekman and O’Sullivan (913) used known video clips that had been tested to show differences between lies and truth and expanded their subject group to include professional deception detectors such as Secret Service Agents, Judges and Psychiatrists. They also decided to not only analyze group percentages, but to look at individual data as well which led to some interesting results. Contrary to previous studies, Secret Service Agents scored much better as a group than any previously.
In fact, no Secret Service agent scored lower than chance (30%) and more than half scored higher than 70% accurate. (Ekman, O’Sullivan, 913-918). Maybe there is hope for the common man after all. Although most previous studies have proven that as a whole, people cannot tell the difference between a truthful and a deceptive person, there have been some studies that have shown with proper training and by cataloging not one, but many tells, some people can make a good, educated decision that will lead to the determination of truth and potential conviction.
With enough study and practice, you too can detect a liar. References Adams, S. , Napier, M. (1998, October), Magic Words to Obtain Confessions, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, Davidson, J. , (1998, July), Office Tics – Understanding Body Language, Men’s Fitness, Ekman, P. , O’Sullivan, M. , (1991, September), Who Can Catch A Liar, American Psychologist, Navarro, J. , Schaffer, J. , (2001, July), Detecting Deception, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin,
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Birth Control pills work by convincing the body that it is already pregnant, therefore has no need to release an egg - thus preventing pregnancy. Yasmin is very good at protecting against pregnacy (it is a 3rd generation COC - has both oestrogen and progesterone in it.) Stomach problems are not a symptoms of pregnancy but do be aware that gastroenteritis (vomiting and diarrhea) may cause Yasmin to fail due to it not being properly absorbed. So, if on it for birth control use another method such as a condom. Or, if on it for PCOS or heavy periods like me, then don't worry!
no. stomach symptoms could mean lots of other things and are NOT determinant of pregnancy. get a pregnancy test.
A horse who is experiencing a phantom pregnancy will have symptoms of an actual pregnancy. These symptoms include the horse being tired with a puffed up stomach.
The symptoms you described can be symptoms of pregnancy but also symptoms of a stomach bug. Perform a pregnancy test if your period doesn't arrive.
A missed period and positive pregnancy test are the normal symptoms of pregnancy. A feeling of gas in the stomach is a normal human sensation.
Breast enlargement, stomach enlargement, morning sickness (vomiting).
No. Most people have no symptoms until at least 2 weeks into their pregnancy
This is necessarily not pregnancy though it might be. It's best you carry out a home pregnancy test as this symptoms might be for something else. Besides, pregnancy symptoms varies in women. All the best dear
Yes it could be.
no no different structure of pain and different points
The stomach symptoms are not a sign of pregnancy. I'm not sure what the other feelings are, but are most likely not related.
Bleeding, stomach pain, and back pain are not pregnancy symptoms. Your pregnancy test is negative and you are using effective birth control. Please see your health care provider to find out why you're having pain.
If you are experiencing pregnancy symptoms, you need to see a doctor. You may be pregnant or it could be a phantom pregnancy. | <urn:uuid:2a50d65f-3c0a-4ab3-9bc1-8e6379d89ee4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.answers.com/Q/If_you_are_taking_Yasmine_could_stomach_problems_be_symptoms_of_pregnancy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.941853 | 433 | 1.757813 | 2 |
HARI Foundation, Inc. (HFI) and Hyundai Motor Company (HMC) in partnership with local NGO Youth for Sustainable Development Assembly express their one-ness in vision to build sustainable climate change resilient nations, one community at a time. Therefore, the Philippines was selected to be the ideal launch pad for the Rain Water Harvesting System. The project is considered as the next step to realize organizations’ desire.
About 200 Students of Rawang Elementary School of Tannay City are the first ones to benefit from this facility
About 200 Students of Rawang Elementary School of Tannay City are the first ones to benefit from this facility. They will now be able to access potable water as the system is a filtration method capable of producing and storing water from rain gathered in roof gutters. Of note, rainwater is one of the cleanest forms of water and one of the easiest to filter.
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Perhaps HFI’s present desire is enhance education in environment stewardship for a greener Philippines, which the organization has performed through various initiatives through the year. It can be clearly seen that HFI has built an impressive track record in its management, actively engaging people to work together to ensure a more sustainable future for Filipinos.
“We stand for relevant and accessible innovation. The launch of the pilot rain water harvesting system excellently addresses the issue of water scarcity in the Philippines in the face of the effects of climate change. But the success of this system depends on the local government and the pilot school’s commitment to keep it in tip top shape so that the people may have continued access to potable water. From Tanay, we can multiply the success of this project in the various islands of the country”, said HFI President Ma. Fe Perez-Agudo.
The Philippines was selected to be the ideal launch pad for the Rain Water Harvesting System | <urn:uuid:1f68d265-c524-4f86-9ee2-12df4f9c6a53> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://philkotse.com/market-news/hyundai-motor-company-in-association-with-orther-organizations-to-provide-potable-water-in-tanay-city-55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.945402 | 403 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Bryn Bras Castle facts for kids
It was built in a neo-Romanesque style between 1829 and 1835 on the site of an earlier structure by architect Thomas Hopper for Thomas Williams (1795–1874), an attorney at law.
It was bought in 1897 by Capt. Frank Stewart Barnard, High Sheriff of Caernarvonshire for 1903–04, who stayed at the castle until his death in 1917, running it as a stud. It was later owned by the oil millionaire Duncan Elliot Alves (1870–1947), who was Mayor of Caernarvon for six years and High Sheriff of the county for 1931–32. After Alves' death in 1938 the estate changed hands a number of times and much of the surrounding land was sold off.
The site of the first motorcycle Dragon rally in 1962, the house has been converted into apartments.
The castle became Grade II* listed in 1968, due to its fine interior and its part in the evolution of romantic, historicist architecture.
Bryn Bras Castle Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia. | <urn:uuid:377e5246-7860-4d33-8c5c-8acbc55c8b4c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kids.kiddle.co/Bryn_Bras_Castle | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.977198 | 224 | 2.546875 | 3 |
In the last article I argued that looking has a negative effect on your ability to listen to the music, to your body and to your partner (When you’re looking you’re not listening). Still, if you look at some people dancing, even if they seem not to be looking at their feet etc, they seem to be motivated by an image of dancing that is not ideal. Generally speaking people seem to be doing too much, too fast, with the result that they end up in awkward positions.
This is the natural result of focusing on a lot of movement which is characteristic of all dancing that is intended for exhibition. Performers are in a hold but this is usually very open and attempting to execute so many large movements in a closer embrace leads to an uncomfortable dance.
Yet people are often seen attempting to execute large steps in large numbers while in a tight embrace. They want the image and feeling of intimacy, but they hold that image together with the image of much movement. These are mutually contradictory goals and something has to give if the dancing is to be, let’s say, not so wearing.
Point is, looking at tango exhibitions gives you a mental image that controls your dancing even if you’re not looking at anything at that particular moment. It’s in your memory and still controls how you dance. It will therefore inhibit the perception of music, your body and your partner. It will result in what Alexander called “end gaining” by which he meant that people tend to be focused on a task or goal at the expense of focusing on the body that needs to execute that task, leading to excess strain and poor use of the body.
Once you set out with the idea that dancing requires movement you’re set to be doing too much and to be losing the awareness and the listening that is required in order to develop a more efficient and pleasant way of moving to tango music.
The solution that I propose is to replace the mental image of the show dance that you get from the teachers/performers of tango everywhere with the image of a slow dance that is familiar from the prom night etc. I still remember slow dancing to sappy 80s tunes like “I’m Not In Love” by 10CC. The girl puts her arms on top of the guy’s shoulders and they sway from side to side in a hug.
A slow dance is a type of partner dance in which a couple dance slowly, swaying to the music. This is usually done to very slow-beat songs, namely sentimental ballads. Slow dancing can refer to any slow couple dance (such as certain ballroom dances), but is often associated with a particular, simple style of dance performed by middle school, high school, and college students.
When two partners dance together, the male partner typically holds his hands against the sides of the female partner’s hips, buttocks, or waist while the female drapes her hands on the male’s shoulders. The couple then sways back and forth with the music. Foot movement is minimal, but the pair may use their feet to slowly turn on the spot. Because the dance requires little physical concentration, participants often talk to each other while dancing. Some couples who have a close relationship may dance very closely together, in a “hug-and-sway” fashion.Wikipedia
Now, starting with that, you just need to add a rhythmic component to the swaying movement, a swing that goes with the habanera rhythm that is always there in tango (see Tracing the origins of Tango music to contradanza and habaneira).
Rather than putting his hands on the woman’s waist as in slow dancing, the man would embrace the woman around the upper body as in a hug. The rest is then figuring out, by way of trial-and-error, how to walk, and then walk around each other, adding the tresillo swing on a regular basis to spice things up.
The benefit of this strategy is that you bring the movement to the bare minimum to sustain a flow to the music and connection to partner, without focusing on having to be moving all the time and doing radical and exaggerated steps that you always see people do. You’re pulling it in, internalising it, keeping it simple. If you try something and it doesn’t work so well you have a base to get back to, regain composure and get back into the flow of the slow dance.
You’re connecting to music and your partner without the need to peacock with the radical moves of the clown wearing the oversize tango pants taking oversize tango steps.
Today I had an aha moment. I’ve been working on some tango guitar pieces but I’ve been frustrated. I just couldn’t get them to sound as good as I would expect. I tried different techniques but still they sounded rather flat.
Yesterday I was working on Amurado determined to figure out why I’m not succeeding. I tried playing in different ways, with different amount of power, and different techniques.
At some point I tried to change the position of the guitar such that I wasn’t looking at the fretboard. I noticed that there was an improvement.
I noticed that I was hitting certain notes in certain ways that didn’t sound so great. I didn’t notice this before. Not looking at the fretboard made me more aware of how I was hitting particular notes that sounded good or not so good.
This morning I decided to try practicing the piece without looking at the fretboard. Bingo. It sounded great. I was actually listening to what I was playing and getting the best possible sound out of the piece. I started looking at the fretboard and again wasn’t getting good sound.
Then I realised what was happening. When I’m looking at the fretboard I’m actually not listening. I’m focused on getting my fingers in the correct position but I’m not listening to what I’m playing. The visual modality is somehow interfering with the auditory modality.
But not only that. It’s also interfering with the kinaesthetic modality because when I’m not looking directly at the fretboard I’m actually placing my fingers more effectively to get better sound. And when I’m not looking I actually have no memory for the piece. I rely on the visual image to remember.
This reminded me that actually I had exactly the same experience with dancing tango. As long as I was looking at my feet, or looking at anything, I was always frustrated with my dancing and hit a roadblock. I was struggling to follow the music, the lead-follow was clunky and the embrace was creating tension.
It’s actually what I see when I look at most people dancing on the Argentine tango scene. There’s a lot of tension there.
Then, when I decided to stop looking I was able to listen more effectively to both, the music, to my own body and to my partner. Everything worked better. I started progressing towards dancing in a way that is enjoyable.
I didn’t stop looking because it was suggested in a standard tango lesson or workshop. There was one teacher of tango milonguero who told me in a private lesson to practice with my eyes closed.
At the time I was also doing Contact Improvisation and Feldenkrais and you do much of that either with eyes closed or at least without focusing on anything in your visual field.
Vision organises movement but it also has the tendency to screen everything else out when it’s focused on something. Visual mental images of the wrong sort can also have this tendency.
I’d say that the sooner you stop depending on looking, on the visual modality, and learn to listen to the music, to your body and to your partner the faster you will progress, whereas constant dependence on looking (at your feet, at dancing performances, at the people around you or at the tables) will prevent you from reaching skilled tango milonguero dancing.
- The Bow
- Spine roll
- Floating Foot
- Turning and Floating Foot
- Floating Foot and Elbow
- Extending and Turning
- Floating Elbows, Extending and Turning
- Turning Out
- Turning Out Forward/Back
- Turning Out with Floating Elbows
- Cross Walk
Focused Connected Tango Movement (FCTM) is a system of training for Argentine Tango dancing that involves performing a set of basic movements with focus and awareness.
What is FCTM like?
FCTM is like any movement training where good form, posture and ease of movement should be learned from the beginning through focused practice, including things like the following:
- practicing yoga slowly and with focus
- learning to play a classical instrument with a metronome
- ‘soft’ martial arts like Aikido or Tai Chi
- learning Chinese calligraphy
- vocal practice in preparation for singing or speaking
How will FCTM help me learn Argentine Tango?
Doing FCTM helps to:
- improve posture and coordination of movement
- improve connection to your partner and the music
- make learning tango more pleasant and efficient
- improve creativity, improvisation skills and individual expression
- provide corrective feedback from a teacher
- become more independent and correct yourself
How much time investment does the FCTM require?
FCTM requires short periods of focused practice:
- spaced practice is better than blocked practice: short periods of around 20 minutes 3 times a week are better than an hour once week
- it is best to do the practice in a quiet place with minimal distractions
- shake off any tension building up between exercises
- fill out the practice sheet at the end of each practice session
Do I need a partner for this practice?
- if you have a partner there is partner practice that you can follow
- if you don’t have a practice partner: the individual practice will help you if you have an opportunity to work with a partner, eg., at a practica
- you can apply these skills to learning choreography in a standard dancing lesson although you may have to adjust some movements such as walking for other styles of tango | <urn:uuid:94873ece-1001-46d3-a4ed-969a564aeee7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://contactmilonguero.com/category/focused-connected-tango-movement/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.95922 | 2,190 | 1.875 | 2 |
My puppy has a hurt leg
Q: I bought a three month old puppy recently that was very malnourished, dehydrated and generally in poor shape. A month later she had tripled in size and seemed to be doing fine. Then her ankles became too weak to support her weight and look for all the world like they are broken, even though her x-rays are fine. My vet thinks with the right balance of calcium she will outgrow the problem. But it’s so severe, I’m afraid she may always be crippled if something isn’t done. Do you have any advice?
A: Skeletal growth problems are common to puppies of large breeds fed an inappropriate diet. Joints require a perfect fit to work properly. Bones also grow at their ends, close to the joint. When a bone growth problem is present, it usually shows first at the joints. Hocks and carpi become deformed and enlarged. An affected puppy may have an odd angle to the leg, such as being over or under at the carpus. It may be obvious in only one leg, or all legs.
If the problem is identified early, fixing the diet is often sufficient for a complete recovery. Sometimes supportive splints are necessary for a few weeks. After nine months of age, the problem is correctable for normal function, but the dog may have knobby joints for the rest of it’s life.
Both under-nutrition and over-nutrition are problems for the large breed pups. Feeding a diet too high in protein and calcium causes the bones to grow too rapidly, not allowing the joints to form correctly. Feeding a diet too low in protein or calcium causes weak bones and deformities, even fractures. Rather than trying to calculate specific nutrient levels and balancing the diet yourself, the solution is much easier. Feed one of the top name brand puppy foods; these companies have done the work for you. Do not automatically supplement with vitamins or minerals, unless your veterinarian instructs you to do so. Treats are OK, as long as the main diet is the commercial puppy food. In general, the foods available in super markets and pet shops with familiar brands, from companies that have been around for years are safer to try than new, unfamiliar brands.
What can I use to treat my pet’s arthritis?
Q: What should I do about the pain my dog suffers from arthritis? Is there anything I can do that doesn’t include surgery?
A: As with humans, dogs suffer from various forms of arthritic pain. Arthritis is inflammation in the joints caused by age related cartilage deterioration, infections, trauma, and toxic reactions. A common arthritis of older, large breed dogs is hip dysplasia.
Many medications are available through your veterinarian to help combat arthritis. Anti-inflammatory medications, including aspirin, ibuprofen, and phenylbutazone help reduce arthritic pain and swelling. Some of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) are available over the counter, and others require prescription. Many forms are available, from pills administered several times a day, to weekly injections. They can be used safely, and vary in effectiveness. Stomach upset is the most common side effect. You should follow the guidance of your veterinarian even when using the over the counter products.
Steroids can be used, and are generally more powerful, thus more effective than the NSAIDs at reducing pain and inflammation. They are only available by prescription, due to the potential harmful side effects if not used properly. Prednisolone is a common example.
Glycosamino glycan products, such as Synoflex, Glycoflex and others, help the body’s natural production of joint lubricating fluid. They are often used in conjunction with other arthritis treatments. Condroitin Sulfate, msm, shark cartilage and other natural supplements may help joints, but have not been thoroughly scientifically proven.
Topical anti-inflammatory agents, such as DMSO, are helpful for very localized problems. Some medications can be added to the DMSO to penetrate the affected joint directly for maximum effectiveness.
Physical therapy is often beneficial in keeping the dog up and active. Swimming pool activities, leg massages, and range of motion exercises can help keep the joints flexible and functional. Magnetic, vibration and heat therapy also have applications in veterinary medicine.
Your veterinarian should visit you and your dog. I think you will be pleased at the progress you can make together.
My dog’s wrist bends backward. Normal?
Q: I have a five month old German Shepherd puppy that has very loose ligaments on his front feet, causing his legs to bend forward. Should I worry?
A: Hyperextension of the carpus causes the lower foreleg to bend abnormally, bringing the dog’s palms closer to the ground. It is a common transient deformity in young, growing puppies. The growth rate of the bones, ligaments, tendons and joints may not be in perfect harmony in fast growing animals, causing the crooked joints. Large breed dogs fed high calorie, high protein growth diets experience these problems most often. In addition to breed and diet, genetic predisposition also plays a major role. Most mild cases are self limiting, and resolve when the other parts of the growing leg catch up. In more severe cases, meta splints applied to the legs for a few weeks provide the needed support while the carpi straighten. The opposing factors of the body’s tendency to grow out of such a problem, and the rising dog’s weight increasing the angulation can take weeks to months to either resolve the problem, or to destroy the joints. Early attention is important to produce a favorable outcome. A veterinarian’s physical examination, which may or may not include x-rays, is your best bet to insure proper growth.
Can puppies have arthritis?
Q: Yesterday I went to look at two Great Dane puppies. The breeder mentioned before I arrived that the black pup had water on her knees and was under vet care. I noticed that the pup also had swelling near her rear end. He said that the problems were caused by the puppies being very active and bumping into the ground too hard. The second pup had a small bump on her rear similar to the swollen knees and rear of the black pup. Is this a common Dane problem? The breeder seems to think that this will cause no future problems for the pup and will clear up within two weeks. What really has caused this problem and should these pups be considered a good investment (a good healthy addition to our family)? Or are these pups going to need long term care?
A: Large breed puppies normally do have proportionally larger feet and joints than adult conformation. I have heard many times, “he’s going to be a big dog; just look at his feet!” However, large breed dogs are also more prone to joint deformities, related to rapid growth on improper diets. If the puppy’s joints are swollen, knobby, puffy, or crooked, he or she may have skeletal growth problems. Diets too high in protein, or diets without the proper calcium to phosphorus ratios commonly contribute to bone and joint growth abnormalities. Since the top brand, commercial puppy foods have been tested and proven, likely causes occur when one strays from the dog foods made for puppies. The breeder may be using adult food, a new or unusual brand, or too many supplements are being added to the diet. If the problems are identified early enough, diet correction is usually sufficient to normalize the joints within a few months. More severe cases require corrective diet supplementation, leg splints and even corrective surgery. It is best not to purchase puppies with joint problems. You can help your breeder by pointing out your observations.
My dog hurt his back
Q: My dog hurt his back a couple months ago. He used to be able to just fly up and jump on the bed in a cinch. Now, he struggles to climb up the side of the bed, and sometimes, we have to help him get up. Please give me some advice on this.
A: Hurt backs can be serious, and if not properly cared for, they can become much worse. A dog doesn’t realize limitations and carefulness. If he has a sprain, a slipped disk, or other injury, he may exacerbate the problem while climbing onto the bed, and end up paralyzed.
You really do need to have a veterinarian examine your dog. Express your financial limitations when you make your appointment. This way, the doctor will know x-rays and special procedures are not possible, and formulate the best treatment plan to suit your dog’s needs and your budget.
Many types of injuries cause the symptoms you describe. A slipped disk may respond to anti-inflammatory medications, exercise restrictions and weight management. A pulled muscle may need physical therapy, muscle relaxants, heat packs and special exercise. A fracture may need surgery. Proper diagnosis is essential. While waiting for your appointment, limit exercise, and prevent back motion as much as possible. For instance, you may need to build steps or a ramp for the bed access.
What are my options for treating arthritis?
Q: My dear Sheltie injured his right front ankle joint when jumping on some rocks over a year ago. It has become arthritic and swollen and vets say that they really cannot do anything but fuse together his bones, an act that neither they nor I want to see happen.
A: Even though we have developed hip joint replacements which work great in dogs, the ankle joint has yet to be replaceable. Many medications are available to address the arthritis, including topical lineaments, DMSO, systemic anti-inflammatory medications, nutritional supplements, and joint fluid supplements (glycosaminoglycans).
An orthopedic specialist may be able to more thoroughly address your problem. Many such specialists are available throughout the United States. Your veterinarian can best refer you to an orthopedist in your area.
What should I do for my dog in back pain?
Q: My Cocker Spaniel is an eleven year old neutered male. He suddenly developed a swollen body and cried constantly, not able to walk. I took him to the local vet and they did a urine check and blood work everything looked fine. He was sent home undiagnosed but with anti-inflammatory. When the medicine wears off he’s miserable and crying and panting for breath. Could this be arthritis? Can he live on pain medicine forever? What is a Cocker’s approximate life span? He is a little over weight according to the vet and his cholesterol was very high. His kidneys and liver functions checked out fine. Any info would be helpful. I spent a lot of money on him and didn’t get any answers.
A: Your dog is seriously ill and needs an accurate diagnosis, and appropriate treatment. If your veterinarian is unable to tell you what is ailing your Cocker Spaniel, ask for a referral to a specialist in your area. With the information you have given, and familiarity with senior spaniels, he may have a slipped disk in his spine. A dog’s vertebral is a series of many bones which surround and protect the spinal nerves. Intervertebral disks separate the bones to aid in flexibility and keep them from knocking against each other. Trauma to the back or neck can cause a disk to be squeezed out from between two vertebrae, putting painful pressure on the spinal column. The disk may shift in position, and vary in pain with different body positions. Anti-inflammatory medications are usually a tremendous help in reducing the swelling, and thus the pain. Your veterinarian may consider performing a myelogram, or referring to a veterinary neurologist. Cocker Spaniels can live as long as fifteen to seventeen, and even older. However, they average between twelve and fourteen years in life span. High cholesterol blood levels is very common, due to the meat based diet.
My dog loses control over his legs. What should I do?
Q: I have a 15 year old neutered male that has been in good health up until two weeks ago. He has lost control of his motor function. His doctor has run blood tests, thyroid and potassium tests as well as x-rays to no avail. He was put on prednisone 5mg/twice a day for the first three days and then weaned to 5mg once a day. His symptoms returned and appeared to have worsened. He is back on the 5mg twice a day. He had a similar spell seven years ago that his first doctor attributed to the recent immunizations he received. Since that time, I no longer have him immunized. His current doctor states the next step is a neurological work up that includes an MRI. He did not feel optimistic that this would identify this problem. Any suggestions I can pass on to him? Also, what are the effects of long term usage of prednisone? Thank you so much.
A: His problems sound severe, and definitely deserve a thorough investigation. A precise physical and complete neurological examination by your veterinarian will be able to pin point the areas of his nervous system originating the problem. The cause of the problem is more difficult to determine than the location. For each possible location, there is a set of possible causes. For instance, a peripheral motor neuron disease may be due to a severe allergic reaction, whereas a central nervous system problem can be caused by a tumor or stroke. Of course, many other diseases are possible. An MRI should only be considered once the general location of the lesion is known, it is in the central nervous system, and you need to determine the precise location. MRI technology is also beneficial in identifying the cause of the lesion, i.e. differentiating between a stroke and a tumor.
Should I take my limping cat to the vet?
Q: My 10 year old Siamese cat recently (a day ago) started limping, and favoring one leg. She can still get around, eat, jump up on the bed, etc. She doesn’t appear to be in any pain, just looks a little discomforted. Someone mentioned cats having arthritis and that this may be the cause? Since she wasn’t in any pain, I didn’t know whether or not to run her off the vet hospital or watch her for a few days and see if it gets any better. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!
A: Your cat likely avoids using the leg to avoid pain. You may not be able to determine the cause and severity of the pain, but your veterinarian can. It may be a simple sprain that will go away on it’s own, or it can be an abscess, a thorn, arthritis or one of many other possible causes. Arthritis usually starts subtly and increases gradually. Abscesses, fractures, thorns and sprains occur suddenly. Since it could be something needing medical attention, I recommend taking your cat to the doctor immediately. If it is much better in less than 24 hours, then you may be OK just waiting and watching.
My shepherd pup has sore legs. Why?
Q: We have a four month old German shepherd puppy that weighs 42 lbs. He was the largest puppy in the litter. We have been giving him calcium supplements and feeding him a premium puppy food four times a day. He walks on his hocks and doesn’t want to run and prefers to laying down a lot. Dog was x-rayed, hips and elbows show no sign of dysplasia. Help!
A: Fast growing, large breed dogs are prone to a developmental disease called panosteitis. Due to the high protein, high calcium diet and the genetic predisposition to grow big fast, the bones outgrow their blood supply. The long bones become weak and painful. With nutritional modifications, puppies with panosteitis are able to outgrow the disease to lead a normal life in the future. Panosteitis is diagnosed by a thorough musculoskeletal examination and x-rays. Of course, other neurological and musculoskeletal diseases are possible, to be investigated by your veterinarian.
How can I tell if my dog’s tail is broken?
Q: I have a six month old beagle who just recently started hanging her tail between her legs. At first we thought it might be broken but she can still wag it and move it. It just looks very limp when she use to carry it straight up most of the time. She also used to wag her whole tail and now she just wags the tip. Could it possibly be broken near the base of the tail? How would we be able to tell if it was or not?
A: Tail dipping can be caused by damage to the nerves, skeleton or muscles of the tail, or psychological intentional actions of the dog. A thorough examination of the tail can determine the vitality of the nerves and the condition of the muscles and bones. You may want to check to see if she has any sore spots along her tail by gently squeezing each segment from base to tip. You should also check that your dog has a touch sensation and good motion from base to tip. If the tail has lost nerve control, she can still wag it if the base nerves are still intact.
A dog’s tail is quite expressive, for they use it as a mood and attitude signal. You may want to try various stimulating situations, such as playing fetch with a ball, to see if the tail wakes up. If you find deficits, your veterinarian can help with fine tuning the diagnosis and treatment.
Hip dysplasia in Rottweilers
Q: My 11 month old female Rottweiler (and loved member of my family) has just been diagnosed with severe hip dysplasia. She has two options: immediate surgery or to be put to sleep. I was informed of this by my vet and got a second opinion, who agreed. Here’s my problem: I cannot afford this. I have been told there may be ways to get donations or other assistance. The second doctor I saw also performs the surgeries and told me instead of a complete hip replacement there is a less expensive surgery, which will still run about $1000 because both hips and so severe they both should be done. Can you help me? I need a direction to turn. Obviously, putting her to sleep is my LAST alternative. My heart is breaking for my Sierra because she is in such pain and discomfort.
A: Hip dysplasia is a severe, often crippling disease of large breed dogs. It is genetically based, and modified by diet, weight, exercise and age. It is a form of arthritis, caused by size and shape mismatch of the ball of the femur and the acetabulum of the hip.
Older dogs with hip dysplasia can be managed with anti-inflammatory medications, padded beds, physical therapy and supportive therapy. Because of their older age, major surgery is not possible due to the risks involved.
Younger dogs have several surgical options. The opinions over which surgery is best do differ from doctor to doctor. My recommendations depend on the specific type and severity of the problem. In general, a total hip replacement is preferred. Surgery is really the only option for most young Rottweilers with severe hip dysplasia. All surgical options are relatively expensive, into thousands of dollars.
You can appeal to special interest groups or individuals for financial aid. The amount you get really depends on your own soliciting ability. I recommend you approach your surgical veterinarian with your financial situation. Your veterinarian may be able to work out a payment plan that suits your budget.
Should my dog’s broken leg be plated or splinted?
Q: My dog has broken the larger bone in his right leg (the bone between the elbow and paw). The vet gave me two options and I wanted to get your opinion. Option one: a splint for four weeks. This is the method I chose, but the vet insists the dog be left in his crate for 4 weeks, only to let out to pee and eat. Is this too extreme, will it not heel if he is out a few hours each day? It just so hard to keep him in 24 hours a day. Option two: surgery for a metal plate. Any suggestions or comments would be helpful. My dog is an eight months old terrier mix that weighs 20 pounds.
A: Many fractures require surgical repair. Some fractures can be stabilized externally with a splint, a cast or pins and braces. Every fracture requires an independent evaluation with many considerations. Plating can provide the best end results, with the straightest, strongest leg. However, bone plating is an expensive and invasive surgery. External fixation with the splint will stabilize the leg adequately, but may result in a healed, crooked leg. Smaller breeds may not have a problem with a slight crookedness to one leg.
Fur mites cause my rabbit to have dry, flaky skin
Q: My rabbit has dry skin on the back of his ears and the fur is getting patchy back there. He doesn’t scratch them excessively or shake his head or anything. In fact he acts totally normal. He doesn’t mind if I touch them; they don’t seem to be scabby or anything. I took him to my vet and he was tested for parasites, fleas, and fungus. Everything came back negative. I tried anti-fungal solution and flea powder for cats and nothing seemed to improve. I feel like the dryness is now spreading to the front of his ears and I’m afraid that the hair will thin out and he will look funny like he has bald ears. Could he have some kind of nutritional deficiency? I’ve tried everything. Any suggestions?
A: Rabbits get mange, caused by fur mites. Rabbit mange is not at itchy as we see in dogs and cats. Fur mites usually first show up around the ears, for they also are ear mites. They cause the skin to look flaky and dry, and the hair is easily pulled out.
Treatment is both topical and systemic. I use injectible ivermectin for the systemic treatment. Ivermectin enters the blood stream, infiltrates the skin, and kills the deep skin mites. Topically, I prefer lime sulfur dip, however other topical mitacides are available. In general, external mite treatments made for cats are ok to use in rabbits. Some dog only topicals are too harsh for rabbits.
Be sure to clean and disinfect the cage, for the mites also live in the environment. You may need to repeat treatment and cage cleaning at weekly intervals until the problem resolves. Outside rabbitries are vulnerable to reinfestation from the wild animals’ mites. | <urn:uuid:2f718193-9756-43af-94d4-2d4f5965ef29> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://petsdoc.com/ask-the-vet/musculoskeletal/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.961876 | 4,759 | 2.0625 | 2 |
A stiff body structure, a powerful engine, and a suspension that maximizes traction are the basic bones of performance. However, automakers have developed numerous features that can help cars and an ever-growing subset of SUVs get more from those basics—to go faster in a straight line, through corners, and around a track. Still other features help drivers perform better at the wheel.
We’ve identified 10 features that will make your car go faster or make you faster as a driver. When buying that next new car, choose trim levels that include these features or tick their options boxes if performance is your priority.
2015 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 limited-slip differential
Differentials allow wheels to turn at different speeds. If the wheels were locked, the inside wheel would have to slide through corners because the radius each tire traces is different. In a standard open differential, the power flows to the wheel with the least resistance. That means a car could get stuck on ice even if one drive wheel is on dry pavement. In a performance application, an unloaded inside wheel can spin when exiting a turn, wasting power and causing slower lap or autocross times.
The answer to these issues is a limited-slip differential, which sends power to the other wheel when one wheel starts to slip. An LSD can work either mechanically (through gears, clutches, or viscous couplings) or electronically to tie the wheels together in various ratios. An electronic LSD uses clutches as well, but they’re controlled by electric motors that determine the slip ratios. Driving both wheels helps prevent inner wheel slip when exiting a turn and sends the power to the pavement far more efficiently. A performance car without an LSD is like Timothy Leary without, well, LSD. In both cases, the LSD enhances the experience. Your performance car will go faster from a stop and through a corner. Limited-slip differentials can go even further by adding…
2017 Mercedes-AMG C63 S Coupe torque vectoring differential
Automakers offer three types of torque-vectoring systems, mechanical and brake-based. The latter use the anti-lock braking system to target the inside rear wheel in a corner to help a vehicle rotate. A mechanical system is more effective. It typically uses clutches on either side of the rear differential to send either more or all of the available power to the outside wheel in a turn. An automaker may choose to brake the inside rear wheel as well. The upshot is the car turns more sharply. On a track, an effective torque-vectoring system can let the driver roll on the power earlier in a corner, sometimes even before the apex. It tucks the nose in sooner and makes the turn feel shorter. That’s a recipe for faster lap times. Electric motors in hybrid and electric vehicles also provide very effective torque vectoring. Audi, Lexus, Mercedes-AMG, and Porsche are among the automakers with effective mechanical torque-vectoring systems, while Acura, Audi, Koeniggsegg, Polestar, Porsche, and Rimac use electric motors to vector torque.
Porsche Panamera Rear-Axle Steering
Rear-wheel steering is a pretty simple idea. Electrically controlled mechanical actuators steer the real wheels, typically up to 2-3 degrees opposite of the fronts at low speeds and with the fronts at high speeds. The low-speed steering virtually shortens the wheelbase, helps with tight parking lot maneuvers, and shortens the turning circle. The high-speed adjustments create better stability and virtually lengthen the wheelbase. These systems usually switch over at 37-60 mph, so the greatest advantage during performance driving is in lower speed tight turns and slaloms. Acura, Audi, Lamborghini, and Porsche all offer rear-wheel steering that improves performance.
2020 Chevrolet Corvette Magnetic Ride Control dampers
The stiffer the suspension, the better a car will handle on a racetrack. But we don’t want to drive cars that threaten to rattle out our eyeballs every time we hit a bump. Adjustable dampers offer the best of both worlds, with a smoother ride for the street and stiffer settings for the track. A stiffer, quicker-acting damper helps during performance maneuvers by doing a better job of keeping a tire on the asphalt where it can provide traction for cornering or acceleration. The magnetorheological dampers used by the likes of Ferrari, General Motors, and Ford are among our favorite adjustable dampers. They are filled with a metal-infused fluid that becomes firmer when a magnetic charge is introduced and softer when the charge is withdrawn.
Porsche Pirelli P-Zero Corsa N0 tire
Anyone who has played a racing game knows that, other than more power, the best ways to make your car faster are stickier tires and better brakes. Summer-compound performance tires increase a car’s ability to handle lateral G forces, which allows the car to carry more speed through corners and results in faster lap times. Some automakers offer such tires as Michelin Pilot Super Sport Cup 2s or Pirelli P-Zero Corsas either as options or accessories available through dealers. These tires can make the difference in an autocross competition or when shooting for a better lap time. The tradeoffs are a loss of traction below 40 degrees, higher prices, and quicker tire wear. Depending on the tire, they may only last 10,000 or even 5,000 miles, which makes that $2,000 tire bill all too frequent.
2015 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 carbon-ceramic brakes
Better brakes have several advantages on a racetrack. Stronger brakes will let a driver carry more speed and brake later for a turn, and robust brakes will last longer during track sessions without pulsating or fading. The general rule of thumb with performance brakes is bigger is better, but there’s more to it than that. Bigger brakes have more surface area to better dissipate heat, but so do brakes that are cross-drilled and/or slotted. High-performance brake pads may create more brake dust and noise, but they will also last longer and may provide more bite. Carbon-ceramic brake rotors provide both benefits but also tend to squeak. They have the added advantage of reducing unsprung weight, which can lead to more feel and better handling. However, anyone who is going to take a car to a track regularly might want to avoid carbon-ceramics because they are very expensive to replace, with prices that range up to $10,000 for a set. You’ll still have to pay to play with big iron rotors, but not nearly that much.
2015 Chevrolet Corvette Performance Data Recorder (PDR)
Track apps vary in what information they provide. They can display lap times, 0-60 mph and quarter-mile times, and real-time power, torque, and G forces. Better versions have cameras and can record driving sessions either through an SD card in the car itself or through a cell phone app. They also include telemetry like throttle and brake pedal positions, gear, rpm, speed, and a GPS trace of the car on a track. Reviewing all of this information from a track session allows owners to compare the car’s position and status on various laps to determine the fastest way around a track. Drivers can fine-tune when they get on the brake or throttle, what gear works best in a track section, and how best to attack a corner. Use what you learn and you’ll go faster next time.
2014 Chevrolet Corvette downshift rev matching
Downshift rev matching
When performance driving a car with a manual transmission, skilled drivers blip the throttle on downshifts to match revs from one gear to the next. This technique, called heel-and-toe, saves the transmission some abuse and avoids upsetting the balance of the car. Mastering heel-and-toe, however, takes time and patience, and applying the skill on a racetrack requires confidence. Downshift rev matching takes care of the throttle blip for you via the car’s computer. Sure, it requires less skill of the driver, but it gives those of us concentrating on not hitting a wall at triple-digit speeds one less thing to worry about when pushing a car to its limits. Aston Martin, BMW, General Motors, Nissan, and Porsche offer manuals with downshift rev matching.
2020 Porsche 911 Carrera S, Valencia, Spain, January 2019
Drive modes make more performance available at the push of a button. These systems combine the benefits of many of the features listed here. Their Sport/Dynamic, Sport+, and Track/Race modes stiffen up adjustable dampers, loosen stability control, reprogram differentials and torque-vectoring systems, engage rev matching, and even retune rear-wheel steering systems. They also put throttle responses on high alert, tell transmissions to hold gears longer, and adjust front/rear torque bias for all-wheel-drive systems. This all means less lean in turns, more ready power upon turn exit, smoother downshifts, and quicker reactions from the car on a track. And yet, the same car can offer a relaxed experience on the ride to the track. Some brands tune their cars for little differences between modes; we prefer Porsche’s approach, which makes each mode distinct and really enlivens the car’s responses.
2020 Chevrolet Corvette
Adjustable stability control
The last thing you want on a racetrack is a stability control system that intercedes too early by engaging the brakes and cutting the power to get the car back on line. It ruins your fun like the neighborhood snitch who tattles when you break curfew. Some automakers go further than simple drive modes and offer various levels of stability control and traction control. Some of this programming is baked into the drive modes, often with normal, sport, and off settings for the stability control. For instance, the Corvette C8’s Performance Traction Management system has those three stability control modes overlaid with five traction control settings. Mercedes-Benz and BMW have similar systems that also include a Drift mode for all-out hooliganery. These systems fine tune the traction that can be put to the pavement. A simple off switch works for pros, but these modes can make most of us quicker while keeping us out of the pea gravel. | <urn:uuid:21bfe0a2-a4ad-49ce-837d-01c1f203896a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.maxxd.com/10-features-that-make-you-and-your-new-car-faster/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.92908 | 2,186 | 2.140625 | 2 |
How Blockchain Could Revolutionize Cybersecurity |The Future Use Cases Of Blockchain For Cybersecurity
Nowadays, the data saved in the computer system is not safe. Digital attackers can easily gain access to the systems and destroy sensitive data. This is a negative impact on the growing companies and their business also suffers badly. So, It is essential to secure the data from such hackers and make a reliable platform to safely exchange the information from one medium to another.
Most companies faced these problems and want a secure means to share their private data. To secure confidential information and data, Cybersecurity is a reliable platform that protects the system from hackers that can easily access or destroy confidential information. But, this is not an appropriate way to protect our data, we need more security to prevent it from misusers.
Technology is getting advanced day by day. It provides us everything from online shopping to modern appliances that operated automatically. Once again, it comes with another invention in securing your data as well make easy transactions. This secure platform is named ‘Blockchain’ that fulfils user needs and provides security to save the data in the computer system. It improves cybersecurity in many ways by securing the systems from cyberattacks and keeping the records safe.
Blockchain is a digital record book that records the transactions and makes duplicate copies of the data to maintain transparency and give access to the allowed members. It provides proper security to the shared data and a powerful boundary for cybersecurity to protect user information.
Ways to Improve Cybersecurity
Now, lets start with Blockchain Cybersecurity. The blockchain comes with the latest advancements to safeguard the data and provides a suitable platform to share your information with other networks via computers. The Blockchain improves cybersecurity in different ways:
- It prevents the system from cyberattacks that rapidly decrease the growth of the business. The major attack is a DDoS attack that will reduce internet traffic. But with a proper encryption method, the data will be protected and safely send to the desired users without any unauthorized access.
- With DNS( Domain Name System), the hackers easily get through the links and crash the complete site. Blockchain protects the system and forms such protocols that help to securely store DNS for enhanced security.
- The AI and IoT security is always a main concern and attackers destroy such securities and get confidential data. It protects the improved security by end-to-end encryption of data in a proper manner. The ai blockchain cybersecurity is an advanced version that gives additional security with enhanced functionality.
- Lot of data is generated every day, so it needs a proper safe environment to store in. The blockchain offers safe storage to protect digital information and use it for a longer time.
These are some factors that help to improve cybersecurity and keep your data free from misusers. Various blockchain cybersecurity companies use this protocol to protect their transactions. these companies are MobileCoin, Coinbase, Santander Founders Bank etc.
Use cases of Blockchain For Cybersecurity
According to the research, the cryptocurrency crisis increased by 57% from the previous year. So, it is a big loss for the companies to get the same stability point. There is a huge number of devices worldwide, it becomes difficult to identify users especially when they are working on their personal systems.
Blockchain comes with an improved version and new features that will be helpful for the modern generation to get proper data security. It gives an opportunity to secure the transactions appropriately.
We are here with some Blockchain Cybersecurity use cases to grow the business and increase future security.
- To make international payments, it is essential to have a secure way to make the transactions from one country to other. Blockchain provides a protected service for making your payments in a convenient way to the desired user. It will take less time for the sender to transfer the money to the receiver.
- This technology provides a decentralized infrastructure that will take action against attackers. The distributed data is analysed with this platform and the complete information of the hackers gets to the desired organization.
- The data sent on the blockchain through the internet medium cannot be altered by the third party and maintains its integrity. The blockchain offers specific access controls to the user for the storage of data. The full end-to-end encryption ensures that the data is not accessible by the misusers when send to the destination.
- The blockchain gives a reliable way of secure private messaging. You can chat with your friends and family members from any place in the world. All the social media apps use blockchain to secure user’s metadata. There is no need of using other authentication methods and freely share the messages from one place to another.
- However, it also provides safe DNS to the users. The DNS plays a major role to access the websites or share emails on the internet. It is written as .com and .org, the attackers sometimes hack the server that contains a particular domain name and get access to various services like google pay, Twitter, Paytm etc. The blockchain stores the DNS entries for safer use of websites.
Last but not the least, blockchain boosts the Public key infrastructure (PKI) that secures emails, websites and other forms of communication. The hackers get this key and make the communication on their own to access the data. The data will be misused badly and the companies face a great loss that cannot be recovered easily. To safely make messages, this protocol ensures end-to-end encryption for the users to have the conversation.
Launch Your Boost-In-Industry Platform With Blockchain Solution Provider
smartData Enterprises fulfil user needs and open doors to interact with each other confidentially. It offers improved ways to store your data and various blockchain applications like ICO, Exchange and ERC20 Tokens development. These applications help the companies to start their own cryptocurrency and conduct ICOs. It also provides an exclusive infrastructure like token creation, landing page design and best marketing services.
At the last, this technology offers a secure platform for individuals to deal directly with each other. It records the transactions and distributes them across the entire network securely via computers. The companies feel more secure and can share the information from any corner. This is the best way to get the information of the hackers and give complete authority to the users to use the internet in a safe manner. So, we should go with the advanced technologies that make your life secure and keeps a private connection with every user. | <urn:uuid:7103fc97-59c5-4745-9c1b-a89bb57ca14c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.smartdatainc.com/blogs/how-blockchain-could-revolutionize-cybersecurity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.919383 | 1,287 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Most infinity pools run off one side, giving the illusion of joining with the water beyond. The Infinity London is a rooftop infinity pool concept that extends in all directions — and would be the first in the world to do so. Slated to sit atop a 720-foot building, the cast acrylic pool will hold 600,000 liters of water, and will be clear on both the sides and the bottom, allowing visitors below to view the swimmers and the sky. The pool's heating system will use waste energy from the air condition system for the building, and a built-in anemometer will allow for the monitoring of wind speed.
Photos: Compass Pools | <urn:uuid:2d933b73-b700-4bbb-b011-c234f706403c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://uncrate.com/infinity-london-360-degree-rooftop-pool/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.915487 | 135 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Nadine Gogolla - new director at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry
The neurobiologist's research is all about emotions
Since October Dr. Nadine Gogolla is director of the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry. "With her appointment, we have gained an outstanding scientist who already presents groundbreaking results. Her research interests, which revolve around emotions, are a perfect fit for our Institute", says Prof. Dr. Dr. Elisabeth Binder, managing director,
Nadine Gogolla was born in Hamm, studied human biology in Marburg and in Paris and completed her PhD in neurobiology in Basel. From 2007 to 2013, she worked as a Post-Doc at Harvard before returning to Germany as a Research Group Leader at the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology.
Her research focuses on the neuronal basis of emotions. Feelings and emotions cause certain behavioural patterns and significantly shape our decisions and sensations. Although emotions are important foundations of human experience and our interpersonal relationships, they are among the least understood functions of the brain.
So, what exactly are emotions? How are emotions different from feelings? How can emotions be objectively measured and scientifically researched? What influence does our body have on the development of emotions? And what happens in psychiatric disorders when emotions seem to take over, such as in depression or anxiety disorders?
These are just some of the questions Nadine Gogolla and her research team are trying to answer. They use mouse models and develop new methods to make emotions scientifically measurable. Recently, Nadine Gogolla's team was able to show that the facial expressions of mice, just like those of humans, reflect their emotions. Using modern methods of artificial intelligence and machine vision, the researchers can now precisely track the emotional state of individual mice. This set-up will enable them to fundamentally investigate the brain processes through which emotions arise.
To investigate the neuronal basis of emotions, the researchers are particularly interested in the insular cortex as it is known to play an important role in the experience of emotions and in physical functions. Furthermore, structural and functional changes in the insular cortex have been described in a variety of psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders, depression, addiction and schizophrenia. However, we still do not understand why this is so.
The aim of her new department at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry is to build bridges between basic research in animal models and clinical research, with the hope that a better mechanistic understanding of the circuits of emotion will help to find new therapeutic approaches for psychiatric disorders in the future. | <urn:uuid:81ffcd6e-6d9d-4d41-8983-c4d37c5988a7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.psych.mpg.de/2798242/nadine-gogolla?print=yes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.956322 | 519 | 2.703125 | 3 |
How To Become A Life Coach? Here are Some Helpful Guidelines
If you’re someone who likes helping others, one career option you should consider is becoming a life coach.
While life coaches were originally considered little more than frauds, today, people are starting to understand the valuable services they provide, and the career is becoming significantly more mainstream. However, for those hoping to enter the profession, the first question you may find yourself asking is what exactly are you supposed to do? How do you become a life coach?
What are the steps you should take to become qualified and reputable? If you need answers to these questions, you’re in the right place. Here are some helpful guidelines to keep in mind as you take your first steps to becoming a life coach.
Find Your Space
“Life coach” is a relatively broad term – there are a number of ways in which you can help another person, and before you can become one, it’s important to determine how you’ll be most effective. This means deciding what type of life coach you want to be and how you can aid people best. That said, keep in mind that no matter what niche you choose, there’ll likely be overlap.
After all, you can’t talk about a person’s job as a career coach without mentioning other aspects of their life, such as their families, and you can’t help a person with their interpersonal relationships as a conflict resolution coach without touching on their romantic relationship. However, once you find a specialty, you’ll be able to narrow down a number of other things related to your business, including how to get certified and how to market yourself.
Getting certified isn’t a requirement for becoming a life coach, but it’s always a good idea if you want potential clients to take you seriously. While you can’t talk to your first few clients about your success stories with other people, a certificate serves as proof that you know what you’re doing. Additionally, many of your competitors will be certified as well, so if you want to build your service up to becoming the best option in the business, you’ll need to start by being able to compete with them at the same level.
There are a number of certification courses out there that will certify your services and will help you refine them if need be. Additionally, you can also take niche-specific courses – for example, if you’re a health-centric life coach, you might consider getting certified in nutrition.
Set Up Your Business
Now that you’re ready to get going, it’s time to set up and register your business. You’ll need to decide what type of business entity you’re creating. Most life coaches are sole proprietors, which means you won’t have to register your business with the government.
However, if you decide on another structure, you’ll have to register your business with your state. You’ll also need to have a business plan ready which includes a way to address startup costs, such as paying for your certification, workspace, and insurance, and a marketing plan that will help you attract clients.
If you’ve never run your own business, starting a new venture can seem intimidating and challenging.
You can also consider taking a business course along with the certification course you’ll be taking – this will help you better understand what steps you’ll need to take to build a successful business. Remember, being a successful life coach doesn’t mean that you’re a successful businessperson. Ideally, you want to do both – and a business course can help you get started on that path.
Decide on a Structure
Life coaches work with their clients in numerous different ways. Some work with people from session to session, while others offer 5 or 10-session packages at a minimum. Still, others start with longer packages, such as three- or five-month packages, so that they can help their clients implement meaningful change.
Even single sessions vary in many ways, such as length. Some people may offer 30-minute sessions, while others have sessions that are 90- or 120-minutes long. Before you advertise your services, you’ll need to decide how these services are structured – how long your sessions will be, and what (if any) your session minimum will be for clients. You’ll also have to decide on pricing for your sessions and packages.
Once you’ve finished planning, the next step is marketing and advertising to attract clients. You can do this through social media and other advertising channels or word of mouth if you have friends and family you’ve helped. Getting the first few clients outside your circle may prove challenging, but once people are able to attest to your skills, you’ll find that your time is more in demand than it ever has been! | <urn:uuid:2f9426b8-aefb-477f-a792-a58374e84956> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thefoxmagazine.com/dreaming-bigger/how-to-become-a-life-coach-here-are-some-helpful-guidelines/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.969217 | 1,027 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Internet should be a free space for all as it serves as a source of information regarding everything and anything. It is like an ocean of knowledge, except not everyone can dive into it freely. Some workplaces, schools, or even countries restrict access to certain websites. This is to prevent the misuse of the internet. However, by employing any one of these procedures mentioned below, you can unblock blocked websites.
1. Use VPN
Virtual Proxy Network or VPN forms a secure tunnel between a server in another location and your PC. All your communication travels through the tunnel once you connect to a VPN server. This way, third parties are not able to monitor it. Your IP address becomes anonymous letting you unblock blocked websites.
The data that you share in a VPN is encrypted before it is shared. So, you can share secret information and not worry about it being stolen. VPN also makes you completely invisible to everyone including your ISP. Even the website does not know your location since the location shown is that of VPN server.
Using a VPN is pretty simple. You just have to subscribe to a VPN, then connect to a server and lastly, access blocked websites without any problem. You have complete protection from any sort of spies since your network is entirely encrypted.
2. Operate Using Specialized Proxy Servers
Proxy servers are computers that stand between the internet and your system. They can be used when you are prevented from accessing a website only if you are in the place where it is blocked. By using a proxy server, you will give the impression that you are using the Internet from elsewhere. This is how you get past the censorship to unblock blocked websites.
When you are using the internet, your IP address becomes discloses your location. It is a numerical figure, which is different for all systems. When you are using a proxy server, the IP address is that of the proxy server. So, you become invisible to the target website and everyone else.
3. Type In IP Addresses Or Short URLs
Another way to unblock blocked websites is to use short URLs. Many websites use short URLs because they are easier to remember. If you put a short URL in your search bar, you will be redirected to the source website. In schools or workplaces, you can trick the security systems of the place that do not recognize short URLs.
Additionally, you can use the IP address of the website instead of its name. Each website has a unique IP address. You can look for domain services in which you can enter the IP address to redirect you to the website. However, this method is not always effective as some IT admins block the website.
4. Employ Translation Services
This is an effective method to unblock blocked websites. Translation services like Bing Translator or Google Translate can be used to unblock blocked websites in your workplace, educational institute, or your region. You will be able to access a large number of blocked websites using this method.
You just have to:
- Open the translation service like Google or Bing.
- In the translation box, enter the blocked website URL.
- Then, set ‘Auto-Detect (English)’ as the translation language.
- Select ‘Translate.’
5. Use IP Anonymizer like Tor
Individuals who want to stay anonymous on the internet must already know about Tor browser. If you set Tor properly, it could be a web blocker bypass tool. It allows you to be anonymous and unblock blocked websites at school or office. You would even get past the surveillance. It is the most powerful after VPN and proxies to unblock certain websites.
Tor also serves as a gateway to .onion sites or dark web, which are inaccessible from the usual web. If you are someone who wants to enhance computer security, a combination of VPN and Tor would prove to be a deadly one.
6. Access A Cached Version
A website is first indexed by Google spiders and then it becomes visible in searches. This means that Google has a former version of all the websites. To use a cache version of the blocked website, use the command: cache:www.websitename.com. This way, you can access the older version of websites that are blocked.
7. Utilize SmartDNS Services
SmartDNS services are similar to translation and proxy servers. They allow you to access geo-restricted websites by tricking websites into believing that you are from a geographical location where the websites are freely available. It does not use encryption allowing you to use your original speed while browsing.
8. Use RSS Feed Of Site
RSS readers are applications that keep you updated. To read from a blocked website, you can grab it from RSS feed as content from websites that are blocked in your region is available on RSS feed. RSS also allows the readers to see updates from multiple websites in a single place. You do not have to visit the website individually.
Certain websites are blocked in educational institutions or workplaces as they distract people. Many countries also restrict access to websites due to safety purposes. Using any of the above-mentioned methods will not only allow you to unblock blocked websites but also ensure safe browsing. | <urn:uuid:4837b48b-a3e6-4a3a-b7b8-d30aacccb404> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.geniusupdates.com/how-to-unblock-blocked-websites/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.944335 | 1,064 | 2.78125 | 3 |
CONGRESSWOMAN ELISE STEFANIK
On Tuesday, February 7, 2012, the House is scheduled to consider H.R. 3581, the Budget and Accounting Transparency Act of 2012, subject to a rule. The rule provides one hour of debate, equally divided and controlled by the chairs and ranking minority members of the Budget Committee. The rule also makes three amendments in order, each of which is debatable for up to ten minutes. A full summary of the amendments made in order under the rule is available below. The bill was introduced on December 7, 2011, by Rep. Scott Garrett (R-NJ) and referred to the House Budget Committee, the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform and the Committee on Ways and Means. The Budget Committee reported the bill on January 24, 2012, by a vote of 21 -10.
H.R. 3581 would modify the budgetary treatment of federal credit programs such that the cost of direct loans or loan guarantees would be calculated on a “fair value” basis, which includes not only the borrowing costs of the federal government, but also the cost of the market risk the government is incurring by issuing a loan or loan guarantee. Under current law, the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (FCRA) requires that the credit subsidy cost of federal direct loans and loan guarantees be measured on a net present value basis which determines the cost of a loan program based on calculations using the interest rates on Treasury securities and estimated losses that would be expected from defaults. However, this calculation ignores additional costs associated with market risks. According the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), “By incorporating a market-based risk premium, fair-value estimates recognize that the financial risk that the government assumes when issuing credit guarantees is more costly to taxpayers than FCRA-based estimates suggest.” By more accurately accounting for the costs of federal credit programs, H.R. 3581 would increase the estimated costs of such programs compared to measures used under current law.
In addition, the legislation would require that the federal budget reflect the net impact of programs administered by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, require that federal agencies post budget justifications on public websites on the same day they are submitted to the Congress, and require the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and CBO prepare studies on the costs of federal insurance programs and the historical application of the budgetary terms “revenue,” “offsetting collections,” and “offsetting receipts.”
Fair Value Accounting: H.R. 3581 would amend the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (FCRA) to require that, beginning in FY 2014, the costs of federal credit programs be measured on a fair value basis in order to provide a more accurate accounting of the costs of these programs. Under current law, estimates are made on a “net present basis,” which is estimated by discounting cash flows to the time of loan disbursement using the interest rates on Treasury securities of comparable maturity. The bill would require that the cost of a federal loan or loan guarantee program must include a market-based risk premium that is in addition to the net present value cost estimate calculated using Treasury’s discount rates. According to CBO, “estimates prepared using FCRA procedures provide a less-than-comprehensive measure of the cost to taxpayers of federal credit commitments.” Generally, the fair value of an asset is defined as the price that would be received if the asset was sold in an orderly transaction (one that occurs under competitive market conditions between willing participants and does not involve forced liquidation or a distressed sale). Likewise, the fair value of a liability is the price that would have to be paid to induce a market participant to assume the liability.
H.R. 3581 would require calculations for determining the up-front credit subsidy cost of federal loans or loan guarantees programs to include a market-based risk premium that is in addition to the net present value cost estimate calculated using Treasury’s discount rates. Under the legislation, long-term costs of a direct loan or loan guarantee would be estimated on a fair value basis, applying the guidelines set forth by the Financial Accounting Standards Board as well as Treasury discounting. The estimate would exclude administrative costs and any incidental effects on governmental receipts or outlays.
H.R. 3581 would require that by 2015 the president's budget reflect the costs of direct loan and loan guarantee programs and include the planned level of new direct loan obligations or loan guarantee commitments associated with each appropriations request.
Budgetary Adjustment: H.R. 3581 would authorize the one-time upward adjustment of caps on discretionary appropriations set forth in the Budget Control Act of 2011 in order to account for the increase in discretionary credit subsidy costs for loan and loan guarantee programs that will occur when the new accounting rules take effect. According to CBO, “Net receipts from discretionary credit programs reduced the estimated cost of appropriations in 2012 by about $4 billion on a FCRA basis. On a fair-value basis, CBO estimates that those same programs would require additional appropriations of about $20 billion.” Under the legislation, before adjusting the discretionary caps, OMB would be required to report to the Committees on the Budget of the House and the Senate on the amount of that adjustment, the methodology used in determining the size of that adjustment, and a program-by-program itemization of the components of that adjustment.
CBO and OMB Studies on Federal Insurance Programs: The bill would require that not later than one year after the date of enactment, the Directors of CBO and OMB prepare a study and make recommendations on the feasibility of applying fair value concepts to budgeting for the costs of federal insurance programs.
On-Budget Status of Fannie Mae and Freddie: The bill would require that receipts and disbursements, including the administrative expenses, of the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) be counted as new budget authority, outlays, receipts, deficit or surplus for the purposes of the president's budget submission, the congressional budget, and the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985. This provision would bring Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac on-budget in order to account for the full budgetary impact of these housing-related government-sponsored enterprises.
Budget Review and Analysis: The bill would require that not later than one year after the date of enactment, the Directors of CBO and OMB to prepare a study of the history of offsetting collections against expenditures and the amount of receipts collected annually, the historical application of the budgetary terms “revenue”, “offsetting collections” and “offsetting receipts”, and review the application of those terms. CBO would be required to review the OMB study. Both CBO and OMB would then be required to each make recommendations to the House and Senate Budget Committees as to whether such usage should be continued or modified. In addition, the bill would require that agencies make available on their public websites all budget justification materials provided to Congress on the same day as the justifications are submitted to Congress. The materials must be searchable, sortable, and downloadable.
According to Committee Report 112-380, the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (FCRA) reformed the budgetary treatment of Federal direct loans and loan guarantees to account for the cost of these programs on an accrual basis. Previously, federal direct loan and loan guarantee programs were accounted for on a cash basis, with expenditures and receipts being recorded in the year in which they occurred. Under the 1990 bill, the cost of these programs is developed by producing a net present value of cash flows using a discount rate based on the Federal Government’s borrowing costs. Under FCRA, net present value is estimated by discounting cash flows to the time of loan disbursement using the interest rates on Treasury securities of comparable maturity. (For example, a year after disbursement, cash flows are discounted using a rate on one-year Treasury securities; five years out, they are discounted using a five-year rate; and so on.)
Over time, CBO has concluded that the Treasury discount rate does not fully capture the cost of credit programs. According to CBO, “estimates prepared using FCRA procedures provide a less-than-comprehensive measure of the cost to taxpayers of federal credit commitments. In particular, discounting expected cash flows at Treasury rates—and thus ignoring market risk—yields an estimate of the cost of a loan guarantee that is lower than what competitive financial institutions would charge for such protection.”
H.R. 3581 would correct this current flaw by amending FCRA to ensure the full exposure to the taxpayer is recorded in the budget by providing that fair value estimates be used in calculating the cost of Federal credit programs. The executive branch and Congress would be required to use “fair value” accounting in calculating the costs of federal credit programs that consider not only the borrowing costs of the Federal government, but also the costs of the market risk the Federal government is incurring by issuing a loan or loan guarantee. This reform would bring federal budgeting in line with private sector cost-estimating practices.
The main conceptual difference between FCRA estimates and fair-value estimates is in the choice of discount rates. Instead of using Treasury rates to discount future cash flows, fair-value estimates employ rates that are consistent with the risk of a specific credit obligation. Fair-value estimates of federal subsidy costs also may incorporate administrative expenses that are essential to preserving the value of an asset, such as servicing and collection costs.
According to CBO, if fair-value procedures were used to estimate the cost of new credit activity in 2012, the total deficit for the year would be about $55 billion greater than the deficit as measured under current estimating procedures. However, since the legislation would not change the terms of such credit programs, but would change what is recorded in the budget as the cost of credit assistance, the changes in the estimates of the costs of credit programs would not be scored by CBO as attributable to H.R. 3581.
According to CBO, implementing H.R. 3581 would increase discretionary spending subject appropriation by $14 million over the FY 2012 through FY 2017. The increase in spending subject to appropriations would come as a result of additional costs associated with measuring the cost of federal credit programs on a fair value basis, as well as requirements to post budget justifications on the Internet and produce studies which would require additional resources, according to CBO.
In addition, CBO estimates that if fair-value procedures were used to estimate the cost of new credit activity in 2012, the total deficit for the year would be about $55 billion greater than the deficit as measured under current estimating procedures. However, since the legislation would not change the terms of such credit programs, but would change what is recorded in the budget as the cost of credit assistance, the changes in the estimates of the costs of credit programs would not be scored by CBO as attributable to H.R. 3581.
Amendment No. 1—Rep. Shelia Jackson-Lee (D-TX): The amendment would shorten the time period in which CBO and OMB are required to report to Congress on the feasibility of applying fair value concepts to budgeting for the costs of federal insurance programs from one year to six months after enactment.
Amendment No. 2—Rep. Robert Dold (R-IL)/Rep. Mike Quigley (D-IL): The amendment would require the Director of OMB to prepare all budgets submitted to the President according to both the accrual-basis and cash basis accounting method.
Amendment No. 3—Rep. Paul Tonko (D-NY): The amendment would establish a six-member commission to make recommendations on the best measures to accurately account for the costs of federal credit programs. The provisions of H.R. 3581 would be delayed until the recommendations of the Commission are made, and could be superseded by a majority vote of the Commission. In addition, Congress would be required to vote on the recommendation of the Commission with 45 days of their submission. Under the amendment, the Commission would consist of the Director of the CBO, the Director of OMB, and four additional non-congressional members each appointed by the Speaker and Minority Leader of the House and the Majority and Minority leaders of the Senate. | <urn:uuid:83962921-e2ce-4a9b-bb3b-090f962c15af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gop.gov/bill/h-r-3581-budget-and-accounting-transparency-act-of-2012/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.963657 | 2,552 | 2.015625 | 2 |
These are the stones we have instead of trees
DOWSER Issue 1 (Summer 2020) features curator Helen Nisbet’s “These are the stones we have instead of trees.” Borrowing its title from the pioneering filmmaker and poet Margaret Tait’s ‘The Scale of Things’ (1960), this new essay provides something of a prologue for the series. A Shetlander now based in London, Nisbet draws upon her own staggered migrations south in order to articulate an account of how place manifests in a person.
Helen Nisbet is Artistic Director for Art Night and curates projects across the UK. She sits on the Acquisitions Committee for the Arts Council Collection and the Advisory Board for Art Quest and a-n.
DOWSER is a non-profit project. This chapbook is released as an open access online PDF and in a limited print edition of 200. These printed versions will be available for a contribution of £2.50, inclusive of a minimum £2.00 donation to the Scottish Refugee Council (Registered Charity: SC008639).
Issues 1 & 2 of DOWSER have been made possible by the generous support of The Glasgow School of Art and the British Art Network, through their Early Career Curator Group research bursary. The British Art Network is jointly led by Tate and the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art, with additional public funding provided by the National Lottery through Arts Council England.
Margaret Tait, Happy Bees, 1954. Courtesy of the Margaret Tait estate and LUX, London. | <urn:uuid:2c8776a8-1a28-4923-8c6f-1a8906d95998> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://transitarts.co.uk/Issue-1-Summer-2020 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.920444 | 344 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Canning River Eco Education Centre (CREEC), Cnr Kent Street and Queens Park Road, Wilson
Saturday 13 August 2022
2:00 PM to 3:00 PM
Save to calendar
Bookings are essential
Weird Water Science Show
Join Science Alive at CREEC to celebrate National Science Week.
Explore the wacky, wet and wonderful world of water. There’s nothing like it. It really is nature’s magician. Find out how it is slippery and sticky at the same time, how it makes bubbles, powers rockets and keeps our earth cool.
Best for kids 4 – 12 years accompanied by a parent/guardian | <urn:uuid:619778d1-a9f8-41cc-a4f1-bc0b1c37e860> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.canning.wa.gov.au/events/weird-water-science-show-aaf8f2a8 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.8551 | 152 | 1.59375 | 2 |
If Hip Pain Radiates Into Tailbone What Should I Do – Implementing What Helps
The word tightens up and also kicks back doesn’t seem to fit often sufficient – that’s why when it comes to your hips it can be such a vicious circle. Limited hip flexors is a buzz term in many health clubs around America. Individuals in sporting activities circles are regularly stretching their hip flexors; joggers are condemning their great stride on those muscles, and also your consumers are possibly grumbling about their tight aware of you. If Hip Pain Radiates Into Tailbone What Should I Do
It’s time to face up to the trouble as well as state enough suffices. You can stretch your hips out all day long as well as never get the advantages. That’s due to the fact that if you wish to get better at points you need to keep them tight. Right here’s a listing of stretches that will certainly aid you do just that.If Hip Pain Radiates Into Tailbone What Should I Do
One of the best methods to function your hips is to stand on the rounds of your feet and extend your legs directly. Make certain you’re holding a dumbbell in your hands as well as raise your arms from your sides. Next, bend your knees and also go back to the standing placement. Repeat this stretch as lot of times as you can.If Hip Pain Radiates Into Tailbone What Should I Do
This stretch targets the glutes. Stand with one leg at your side and also maintain your various other leg right. Now, lean somewhat back until you’re practically touching your opposite hip and repeat on the other side. This will certainly target your hip flexors.If Hip Pain Radiates Into Tailbone What Should I Do
This is also very good for the hips. Stand on the side of a hard flooring surface area, like a step or a small collection of stairways, then prolong your legs out as for they will go. Lean back against the edge of the step or the stairways, taking a small dive at the knees to bring on your own up to a sitting setting. Repeat this stretch as sometimes as you can.If Hip Pain Radiates Into Tailbone What Should I Do
These stretches can be done prior to and also after you obtain harmed. They will aid you prevent rigidity in the hips. So if you are experiencing hip discomfort, do not ignore the problem. Attempt these stretches to alleviate a few of your pain. You may be pleasantly shocked by how much extending and also warm ups and also other exercises can relieve your signs as well as make you really feel much better.If Hip Pain Radiates Into Tailbone What Should I Do
You can additionally ask your medical professional or pharmacologist for additional information about this topic. They will certainly have the ability to give you with more in-depth info concerning this condition and concerning hip cracks as well as rheumatoid arthritis. You can also find far more information regarding this condition online. I’ve seen listings of sources that have information on this subject that you can accessibility. Browse the web and find the info you need and afterwards share it with others that are concerned about this essential subject.If Hip Pain Radiates Into Tailbone What Should I Do
As constantly, be sure to obtain regular check ups from a licensed chiropractic practitioner. This is the best way to keep your hips healthy and balanced. A chiropractic practitioner will certainly have the ability to recognize any type of issues in your stance or your hip flexor muscle mass. He or she can after that deal with you to enhance those muscles and also to recover the appropriate posture.If Hip Pain Radiates Into Tailbone What Should I Do
Some individuals experience signs and symptoms comparable to those explained above. This might include an ache or pain in the buttock, hips, groin, or knee. Other people might experience feeling numb or a tingling feeling down their legs or in their arms or fingers. Occasionally individuals feel discomfort, thickness and also also a weakness in their legs. This can be brought on by trochanteric bursitis, which is swelling of the cavity including the trochanterin, a tiny fluid-filled bag that is secreted by the nerve that is part of the hip joint.
If Hip Pain Radiates Into Tailbone What Should I Do
There are several stretches that will assist alleviate this problem. The most common stretch for the hips is the feline stretch. It is called this due to the fact that it goes from the hip to the sphere of the foot. Another stretch involves pushing your back with your knees up and also a hand resting under the buttocks. With your feet hip length apart, delicately pull your bent knees in the direction of the breast and also pull your toes upwards toward the head. You should really feel a stretch in the hamstring muscles that run up the hip shaft and also down the rear of the legs.
Another stretch involves lying on your back with your butts extended. While your legs are straight, pull the inside of your knees toward your upper body. You will certainly really feel the stretch in the hamstring muscle mass that add and down the back of your legs. Repeat on the other side. If you can not get to over and touch your toes, you can make use of a little block to support them. If you can not pull your butt to the ground, you might wish to have a person carefully apply stress or take a break.
One last stretch entails reclining figure 4 stretch. This stretch is less complicated than the pet cat stretch. To carry out the reclined figure 4 stretch, initial pull your knees directly to the floor with the spheres of your feet. Next off, flex your knees so your feet are hing on the flooring. Now, cross your legs over each other and area one foot in the front of the various other with the heel touching the flooring. | <urn:uuid:bd7e693a-d095-40f0-b398-6f6a65985e7f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ctxtyy.com/if-hip-pain-radiates-into-tailbone-what-should-i-do-learning-what-works/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.952319 | 1,226 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Utah governor calls for statewide ban on police choke holds
Utah Gov. Gary Herbert enacted a ban Thursday on choke holds for all state-level law enforcement officers and called on all other police agencies in the state to follow suit — his first major police reform since George Floyd's killing by a police officer in Minneapolis set off global protests.
The Republican governor also said he will implement implicit bias training for all state government officials, and tasked his public safety commissioner with identifying other ways to decrease fear and anger of police in “under represented” communities and increase police transparency with a report due by July 1.
“Nobody should have fear of our police,” Herbert said. “It doesn't matter what the color of your skin is, your ethnicity, your background. Everybody is equal under the law and they should look at police and law enforcement, the men and women of law enforcement, as friends.”
Herbert’s announcement comes one day after Salt Lake City police banned choke holds, following many other cities around the country including Phoenix and Denver. His ban applies to officers with the Utah Department of Public Safety and Department of Corrections.
Floyd, a black man, pleaded for air and later died after a white police officer in Minnesota pressed his knee into his neck. Thousands of people have participated in daily protests in Salt Lake City over the last two weeks protesting police brutality and calling for racial justice. Some protesters want police agencies to have less funding.
Speaking generally about Floyd’s death and the police officer’s actions, Herbert said that “abuse of power is never acceptable.”
“When we witness these kinds of egregious actions, examples of cruelty from those who in fact are sworn to protect and to serve, it adds to the divisiveness that we should not want nor desire to have in our society,” Herbert said. “We can’t ignore it, we can’t say it’s OK. We certainly can’t say all is well in our society.”
Herbert also said he will elevate the directors of the state's Division of Multicultural Affairs, Nubia Peña, and the state's Bureau of Indian Affairs, Dustin Jansen, so that they report directly to him and have a seat at leadership meetings.
Herbert is in his final months as governor after serving since 2009. Lt. Gov. Spencer Cox is one of four Republicans vying for the position along with former Russian ambassador Jon Huntsman Jr., former state House Speaker Greg Hughes and former state GOP chair Thomas Wright. The winner of the June 30 primary will be the overwhelming favorite against a Democratic challenger in the November elections in the heavily GOP state. | <urn:uuid:fc07f911-c801-4ca8-90ba-0ccdc64bb794> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thespectrum.com/story/news/2020/06/12/utah-gov-gary-herbert-calls-statewide-ban-police-choke-holds/3174416001/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.964864 | 555 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Let’s see how to find the largest number in an array of data using the 8085 instruction set.
Algorithm to Find the largest number in an array of data using 8085 microprocessor
1) Load the address of the first element of the array in HL pair
2) Move the count to B – reg.
3) Increment the pointer
4) Get the first data in A – reg.
5) Decrement the count.
6) Increment the pointer
7) Compare the content of memory addressed by HL pair with that of A – reg.
8) If Carry = 0, go to step 10 or if Carry = 1 go to step 9
9) Move the content of memory addressed by HL to A – reg.
10) Decrement the count
11) Check for Zero of the count. If ZF = 0, go to step 6, or if ZF = 1 go to next step.
12) Store the largest data in memory.
13) Terminate the program.
8085 microprocessor program to Find the largest number in an array of data using 8085 microprocessor
LXI H,4200 //Set pointer for array
MOV B,M //Load the Count
MOV A,M //Set 1st element as largest data
DCR B //Decrement the count
LOOP: INX H
CMP M //If A- reg > M go to AHEAD
MOV A,M //Set the new value as largest
AHEAD: DCR B
JNZ LOOP // Repeat comparisons till count = 0
STA 4300 // Store the largest value at 4300
05 (4200) —– Array Size
Thus the 8085 microprocessor program to find the largest number in an array of data was executed. | <urn:uuid:112da267-06b2-4ecd-8594-d503d40fb1d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://physicsteacher.in/2022/02/02/find-the-largest-number-in-an-array-of-data-using-8085-microprocessor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.70983 | 442 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Battery Failures in the News - How Does a Manufacturer Mitigate Risk?
By: Jim Green
Global Business Manager, Energy Storage
Recent safety recalls of portable devices and computer batteries point out the challenges that manufacturers face in an environment where consumers continually demand smaller devices, with higher power, longer run time, and lower cost. Manufacturers strive to make these improvements without sacrificing safety, quality and manufacturability.
The vast majority of manufacturers in today’s competitive environment are reputable companies who expose their designs to a wide range of test programs in an effort to produce safe, quality products. Product development testing, certification to industry standards, supplier component evaluation, and end product quality assessment are conducted to ensure that the design meets performance, durability, reliability, and safety specifications. This detailed and thorough process provides confirmation that end products are manufactured to consistently meet the design guidelines with extremely low defect rates.
Specific to the certification process, a manufacturer will submit product documentation and a limited number of samples to a Nationally Recognized Test Laboratory (“NRTL”) such as CSA Group. These samples will be evaluated against the applicable standards starting with a review of the construction and followed by the certification test program.
The construction review will analyze the design to confirm that it meets general safety considerations for normal use and what CAN/CSA-E62133:13, IEC 62133, and many other standards identify as “reasonably foreseeable misuse”. Standards do not predict the wide variety of abuse to which products might be subjected, so more aggressive abuse tests may be a part of the manufacturer’s product development testing.
For batteries, examples of what may be assessed in the construction review include the insulation and wiring, venting, terminal contacts, the methods used for temperature, voltage, and current management, and the assembly of the cells into the pack. Where applicable, internal component certification documents, a manufacturing quality plan, an operator’s manual, and a failure analysis such as a Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) will also be assessed.
Next, the test program will begin by conducting any preconditioning of the test samples that might be required by the standard. For batteries, this might include charge/discharge cycling for a specified duration. The test program will then subject the battery to a series of tests, typically designed to place the battery under mechanical, electrical, and/or environmental stress. The test standard will specify the criteria for failure of each test, which might be fire or explosion in the case of a lithium ion cell for example.
Assuming all the support documentation, the construction review, and the test results are acceptable, the manufacturer will be granted a limited right to use the agency’s certification mark with the certified product. The manufacturer will be subject to periodic factory inspections, which are designed to audit whether a company is manufacturing their product exactly as specified in the certification. These inspections are required to help identify manufacturers who might substitute less expensive, non-certified components into their manufacturing process as a cost saving measure. Other reasons for inspection may include helping to detect issues such as components from new suppliers or minor design changes which might not be in the certification file. The manufacturer and certification agency will then work together to make sure the file is up to date and that any changes requiring further certification tests will be reviewed.
Even with these thorough measures in place, a reputable manufacturer could still be subject to a product failure and recall. Manufacturing defects will inevitably occur during mass production. A robust design that is engineered to fail in a non-hazardous manner, combined with a well-managed supplier and production quality system, will help minimize the risk of failures and identify defects before they reach the public.
Companies may hire third party testing partners to conduct ongoing quality testing and evaluation programs. These may include procurement of samples from retail shelves to ensure a random sampling of products that have been subjected to a realistic transportation and handling environment. Additional testing of supplier components may also be conducted through independent labs to increase the robustness of the supplier quality program.
When a defect occurs that is undetectable during the manufacturing process, failures in the field may occur. Manufacturers will then work with their customers, their internal quality departments, and potentially government safety agencies to isolate the batch of products which might carry the defect. Third party labs may again be consulted to assist with failure analysis, conduct a larger sample of testing to determine failure rates, or to confirm that design modifications to address the failure are successful. Depending on the hazards which might occur if a product fails, the manufacturer may request that a customer return the product or dispose of it for a refund or replacement. In some cases, the manufacturer may voluntarily issue a safety recall of all potentially effected products, or may be ordered to by the government safety agency. At this point, significant effort will be made to remove the product from the market.
Product safety is a complicated process. Manufacturers go to great lengths to prove their designs and production processes, especially with potentially hazardous products such as batteries and energy storage systems. Ensuring a product is compliant with applicable industry standards and carries a certification mark issued by a NRTL such as CSA Group is a critical step in this process.
Jim Green serves as the Global Business Manager for Energy Storage and can be reached at [email protected].
We’re always here to help. Let’s talk.
We’re here to answer your questions and help you get started right away. Call or send us a message anytime. | <urn:uuid:201c584f-3973-439f-b219-82818b38c6ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.csagroup.org/article/battery-failures-news-manufacturer-mitigate-risk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.938897 | 1,138 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Bermudian English (BE) is of interest due to its distinctiveness from most varieties of British and American English, but to date, few studies have examined the variety, with the last phonological description of BE published by Ayers in 1933. This paper provides an initial description of the vowel systems of young, black, Bermudian English speakers, especially as compared to the systems of ... [Show full abstract] speakers of Mainstream U.S. English (MUSE). The study was conducted with five native Bermudian speakers who participated in a word list task and a picture task to elicit naturalistic speech. Results of analyses of vowel plots comparing formant values of Bermudian speakers with formant values of Mainstream U.S. English speakers from Hillenbrand et al. (1995), indicate that Bermudian speakers differ from MUSE speakers in several striking ways. For instance, [a] and [ɔ] are backer and higher for these BE speakers than for the MUSE speakers. Also, [o], [u], and [Ʊ] are substantially more fronted in BE. Results of regression models also show that these Bermudian speakers have a near complete merger of /ε/ and /ae/, and prerhotic centralization and merger of /iɹ/ and /εɹ/. These findings provide directions for future phonetic and sociolinguistic descriptions and analysis of Bermudian English. | <urn:uuid:7636fe80-4410-4d02-9eda-141d7bc06899> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254818745_%27r-atics_Sociolinguistic_phonetic_and_phonological_characteristics_of_r | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.930131 | 294 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Computing is making its leap to the data center, and will change the way the data center works. The future of the data center may give us the ability to connect, aggregate, and configure computing resources. Virtualization is already allowing this change by equipping the data center with 3 key components of computing: servers, storage, and networking.
What could software defined data centers give us? The data center could sync resources to meet key application requirements. It could also overlap physical infrastructure to provide individual network authentications and authorizations. The software defined data center would not be the same thing as the cloud, but it would be the avenue in which cloud services could be delivered most efficiently.
While we do not know exactly where the software defined data center will take IT, or exactly what it will look like, it does seem that a software defined data center is in our future and we should be preparing for its arrival.
Do you agree that the future of a software defined data center is ripe? Or do you think that a software defined data center is hype? | <urn:uuid:72e3456a-aa13-4abe-82c8-449bd5cf829d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://logicalisinsights.com/2012/09/07/are-software-defined-data-centers-in-our-future/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.944124 | 224 | 2.25 | 2 |
Despite consistent government reports showing that women make less money than men in most occupations, and the drumbeat for equal pay on the presidential campaign trail, most people do not think there is a gender pay gap where they work, a new survey shows.
While the influence of millennials and technology, as well as a new federal proposal to boost pay transparency, may be eroding the secrecy shrouding salaries, some say a gap between perceived and actual pay remains an obstacle to parity.
Seventy percent of U.S. employees believe men and women are paid equally at their company, though women, at 60 percent, are far less likely to think so than men, at 78 percent, according to the survey from job review site Glassdoor.
That contradicts government data showing that women's full-time weekly earnings are, on average, 82.5 percent of men's, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics' 2014 data, and it is not just because women gravitate to lower-paying professions. A gap exists across all age groups, education levels and a wide variety of industries: The median weekly full-time pay of a female lawyer is 83 percent that of a male lawyer; female education administrators earn 81.4 percent of men with the same title; women computer programmers make 86.6 percent as much as their male counterparts.
"There's a disconnect in reality meeting perception," said Scott Dobroski, career trends analyst at Glassdoor. "Employers are not communicating enough about their pay structure, and job seekers are either not researching pay information enough or (not) talking about it."
To boost transparency, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission at the end of January proposed requiring employers with at least 100 employees to report pay data to identify disparities and potential discrimination. The public would be able to see aggregate pay for job groups across industries and by gender, race and ethnicity. The data disclosures would start in September 2017.
Some companies already disclose employee salaries to foster trust — see the radical transparency at social media company Buffer, which has gone public with its salary formula and the thinking behind it plus the salaries of individual employees online for the world to see — but more commonly pay is kept under wraps either by company policies or the cultural taboo around discussing how much you make.
In a 2010 survey, nearly half of workers reported they were either contractually forbidden or strongly discouraged from discussing their pay with their colleagues, according to a report from the Institute for Women's Policy Research and the Rockefeller Survey of Economic Security.
Illinois is among about a dozen states with laws that protect employees from retaliation for disclosing, discussing or comparing pay. President Barack Obama issued an executive order in 2014 doing the same for federal contractors and subcontractors.
Technology is helping dispel the secrecy when company or government policies do not. Sites like Glassdoor.com, Salary.com and Payscale.com have made it easier for people to know the fair market value of their jobs, and a movement that launched last year on Twitter to get people to #talkpay led some to tweet out their compensation and experience level, so others can compare.
More than 90 percent of Americans say men and women should be paid equally for similar work and experience levels, according to the Glassdoor survey, which polled more than 8,000 employed adults in seven countries, including 2,000 in the U.S. When companies are perceived as not doing so, it could cost them talent, especially among women.
More than two-thirds of U.S. employees said they are not likely to apply where a pay gap exists between men and women for similar work, including 81 percent of women and 55 percent of men. Millennials are particularly sensitive to the topic: Among both men and women ages 18 to 24, 81 percent said they aren't likely to apply to such a workplace.
The survey comes as another report out this week adds to the literature suggesting it behooves companies to have women in top positions. The working paper, from a collaboration between professional services firm EY and the Peterson Institute for International Economics, found that a profitable firm where women comprise 30 percent of the C-suite can boost profitability by 15 percent compared with an otherwise similar firm with no women leaders.
The study, which examined nearly 22,000 publicly traded companies in 91 countries, found no statistically observable impact on profitability from having a female CEO or female board members.
The impact of women in the workforce — and their pay — is top of mind as more women join the labor force. Last year, 55 percent of the 2.7 million jobs added to U.S. payrolls were filled by women, according to the Institute for Women's Policy Research. The number of women on payrolls has been rising steadily since the recession, and in January men held fewer than 2 million more jobs than women; before the recession, the gap was 3.6 million.
"It suggests a more permanent change than I thought (was happening) at the start of the recession," said Heidi Hartmann, an economist and president of the Institute for Women's Policy Research. Historically, women have been more likely than men to opt out of working to take care of family responsibilities, so "it is interesting to see whether the roles will become more similar," she said.
A pay gap can have a ripple effect. According to the National Women's Law Center, a woman who works full time over a 40-year period loses about $435,000 in lifetime income, which translates to lower income from Social Security and pensions, and lower savings.
Reasons theorized for the pay gap are complex and include the absence of family-friendly workplace policies, job choice, discrimination and a reluctance to negotiate salary. In a PayScale survey of 31,000 people, 31 percent of women said they feel uncomfortable negotiating salary, compared with 23 percent of men. And among women MBAs who asked for a raise, 48 percent received what they requested, compared with 63 percent of male MBAs, the survey found.
According to the Glassdoor survey, 45 percent of U.S. respondents believe company policies around pay will improve the issue, while 39 percent named government legislation and 36 percent said clearer communication from senior leaders about how pay is determined would help close the gap. A third said sharing salaries for all roles would help.
But cutting through the taboo of talking pay remains a hurdle. According to a LinkedIn survey completed for The Washington Post last year, nearly 73 percent of workers said they aren't comfortable with the idea of discussing pay with anyone at work other than their boss or human resources department. | <urn:uuid:8af80a2d-0312-48fd-94ac-0674d67bb8ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-gender-pay-gap-0210-biz-20160210-story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.96953 | 1,342 | 2.890625 | 3 |
As a main-technology college pupil, Emily Buckner, human sources ’19, had many questions on the school expertise, nonetheless shortly discovered her place as a transfer scholar to Tennessee Tech. Acquire up to date data on the big companies inside the sector and new electrical vitality market entrants in Latin America. To that end, Enterprise News Day by day compiled an inventory of business tendencies and predictions to assist companies start 2019 efficiently. Consult 3A is a results pushed down-to-earth business advertising consultant service that allows businesses to flourish properly and quickly.
The academic packages and grasp courses will inspire and have interaction school college students by way of interactive finding out, using trendy expertise and instructing packages centered on discovery, innovation and learning by inquiry. The utilization of formal strategies for software program and hardware design is motivated by the expectation that, as in other engineering disciplines, performing acceptable mathematical evaluation can contribute to the reliability and robustness of a design.
Graduates of the Computer Experience program are ready for careers as subject technicians specializing in microcomputer restore and neighborhood analysis. Pinterest has turned a extremely environment friendly social media platform for e-commerce and the brand new shoppable catalogs might be very useful when promoting your products. Di dunia digital promoting Anda bisa membuat agar calon purchaser tertarik pada penawaran Anda. When Xerox PARC loaned the Stanford Engineering Division a whole Alto Ethernet group with laser printer, graduate scholar Andy Bechtolsheim re-designed it proper right into a prototype that he then linked to Stanford’s pc community.
Mission: To assist businesses broaden or relocate to extra optimum, enterprise-pleasant, decrease-worth locations. Social media are relative new to society, however this isn’t the primary time new technologies and new communication alternatives have appeared in society and posed new social points. History has proven that it takes time for society to regulate to the transforming developments and the challenges they create. It takes time for the implications to be understood, for model new institutional and financial preparations to develop, for his or her values and norms to be established, and for protection and regulation to look.
Throughout the first half of the twentieth century , scientist s started using computers, largely as a result of scientists had numerous math to determine and wanted to spend additional of their time fascinated with science questions instead of spending hours together with numbers together. Students taking the course will research to implement and administer network servers by managing server models, file methods, customers and teams, and utility software program.
The extension means which you may make a downloadable PDF of the web site and delete any extraneous information you do not need. This fashion the PDF could also be shared with college students by Google Classroom with out sending them to an internet site, or it may be printed for his or her Social Research or Science notebooks. It furthermore works good for many who need the information for a lesson nevertheless the web site is blocked for college students. I actually really feel that, as a language trainer, it’s good normally to put yourself into the place of a learner who has very restricted or no understanding (as was my case) of the language being launched. Not solely does it let you to understand the extent of panic that may come up when confronted with a page of unfamiliar and apparently unintelligible phrases, however it actually additionally clarifies how it is advisable rely on all of the clues you would discover that can assist you to. | <urn:uuid:ff3d1438-b674-48e9-bba8-d948db551b15> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://climateandfarming.org/privacy-coverage-2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.941435 | 705 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Robert Condin, sculptor from South Tyrol is one of our ambassadors in our latest edition “The Alps”. These ambassadors represent a certain aspect and point of view in our books.
The Alps, an environment that has formed rocks and mountains both fascinating and unique, has shaped those living here as well. A very special kind of man is produced by these vistas. The South-Tyrolean Robert Condin is such a character. His material of choice is metal, but the element that formed him, is definitely rock.
Robert Condin from Tramin. – Read the full story in our book Makers Bible The Alps – Robert was trained as a machine locksmith, a blacksmith and later a studied sculptor, the harsh nature of metal that Robert took on as the material of his life, both professionally as well as artistically has formed a strong man with a sensitive mind.
We have met Robert three times to talk about his life. We were in search of the “mountain mentality”, the question whether the harsh conditions and the remoteness of living in the mountains does something to the way people work, what they produce and generally, how they are? Robert was an excellent partner who warmed more and more to the idea that we were after. He did provide answers from his own point of view and opened our senses in further talks with other ambassadors that followed. Robert opened his artist’s forgery and let us witness the forming of glowing metal. He was supported by his assistant Isidor.
People we met and talked to with the purpose of understanding the subjects of our books better and be able to document different perspectives.
Besides Robert Condin, who is represented by Maxburg Gallery in Munich we also collected other angles and views like those of design and furniture publisher Nils Holger Moormann. NHM told us about settling-in as an outsider into the Alpine society; or artist & designer Rolf Sachs who grew up in various places in the Alps, travelled and lived around the globe and yet claims the mountains his home. From him we got a perspective of life in St. Moritz. We also spoke to an Alpinist: Stefan Siegrist is someone who climbs mountains “because they are there” and makes a living out of it. Torben Hansen is from Denmark and the absolute expert in wood, a very typical material of alpine interior and exterior design and architecture who told us about his philosophy on treating this natural material right. The Alps without food would be an incomplete experience; we visited Milena Broger, Austrian chef and a little legend in the Arlberg region where she cooks in winter. We met her in her summer location on the island of Bornholm, to talk about the Alps and alpine cuisine. | <urn:uuid:b829cba0-3723-4adb-8f4e-3208a8231028> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://makersbible.com/makers-bible-ambassadors-robert-condin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.979472 | 574 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Some catfish are omnivorous and occasionally prey on other fish in the aquarium. They’re best kept in larger aquariums or with large tropical fish.
What do catfish eat in a fish tank?
The Usual Aquarium Feed
The typical aquarium feed consists of pellets or other store-bought food that’s specifically made for catfish. Pellets and flakes can get soggy and eventually float down, but they can be pretty messy. Pellets and feed alike also disintegrate into the water and can compromise water quality.
What fish can share a tank with catfish?
Fish That Live Well Together
Can catfish hurt other fish?
Fish larger than two to three pounds are rarely a concern. Smaller catfish are a different story though and the smaller they are the more careful you have to be. Injuries from small catfish fins or spines usually occur during the release of the fish.
Why is my catfish eating the other fish?
When they are really small, they consume mostly plant-based food as algae. Juvenile catfish may eat a baby fish which is small enough. This predatory behavior starts when they are big enough to swallow it.
Are aquarium catfish aggressive?
Because they like protein, you will need to be careful about keeping them with smaller fish species they can target for food. The good news is that Pictus Catfish aren’t aggressive or difficult to care for. They get along just fine with other similarly-sized fish.
Do catfish clean aquariums?
Clean. As a small bottom feeder, the cory catfish is an extremely efficient cleaner. It will scavenge the leftovers that have sunk to the bottom, cleaning up after messier fish that feed at the surface and midlevel of the tank.
How many catfish should I have in my tank?
One Inch Per Gallon
The most widely known rule for stocking a tank is the one inch of fish per one or two gallons of water rule.
How long do catfish live in a fish tank?
|Care Difficulty||Ranges from beginner to intermediate, depending on species|
|Average Life Span||Up to 15 years when properly cared for, depending on species|
|Average Adult Size||1–72 inches long, depending on species|
|Minimum Habitat Size||10+ gallons, depending on species|
Can goldfish hurt catfish?
While goldfish can reach 10 to 18 inches long, some species of catfish can grow to several feet long, large enough to devour even a large goldfish. Corydoras catfish mature at less than 4 inches long, making them potential tank mates for smaller species of fancy goldfish.
Do catfish eat neon tetras?
Omnia mutantur nihil interit. The catfish is consuming the neons as they sleep in the evening. Well the catfish sounds like a pimelodus pictus, and will eat small fish,grows to about 6 inches. Ghost shrimp will end up being food for most,except for small fish.
Do aquarium fish eat other fish?
Cannibalism among aquarium fish (i.e., fish-eating each other) is common, but sometimes these do end up gobbling there cohorts. There is no definite answer to why this happens. However, it does impede your desire for having a well-maintained aquarium in your living space.
Are catfish good fighting fish?
Cory catfish are calm and peaceful fish, which will encourage the same behavior in your betta. Their non-aggressive temperament is the perfect contrast against a betta who is ready to take on another male. Cory catfish are also a super popular addition to many freshwater tanks.
Do catfish bites hurt?
Catfish skin toxin and the venom from their dorsal and pectoral spines may cause a menacing sting. Although these stings are often innocuous, severe tissue necrosis may occur. The hand is the most common site of catfish stings.
How do catfish remove barbs?
Soaking the affected area in water as hot as is tolerable usually relieves pain from a sting. Spines should be removed with tweezers. The wound should be scrubbed and irrigated with fresh water. The wound should not be taped or sewn together.
Will catfish eat small fish?
Catfish are opportunistic feeders meaning they will adapt to the food that is currently available. They eat a variety of small fish, crayfish, snails, clams and frogs. They also will eat algae and the remains of dead fish and plants that are floating in the water.
How do I stop my fish from attacking other fish?
Stop a Fish from Chasing Its Tank Mates | Aquarium Care
Will a talking catfish eat other fish?
They haven’t been known to show aggression to other fish. They may eat smaller fish or shrimp (because they mistake them for food), but they won’t harm other creatures that are of similar size.
How big do catfish get in a tank?
Cory catfish, which grow to be about 4 inches long, can live in 5 to 10-gallon tanks. Larger catfish require at least a 30-gallon tank.
How many catfish can I put in a 20 gallon tank?
Up to 4 cory catfish (1 in every gallon of water ) can go in a 20-gallon fish tank, but note there are several species of the same family, some of which may grow bigger and some fragile than others.
Are catfish low maintenance?
They are easy to care for and can survive low oxygen environments. They are not algae eaters but will help clean up the bottom of the tank, consuming leftover food and dead plant matter. Many people find that if they keep their Corys safe and happy, they will begin spawning.
Can catfish live without a filter?
A filter is an absolute necessity when it comes to keeping pictus catfish. They will keep the water clean and the pollutants at bay. But they will also make sure there is no ammonia in the water.
Do catfish clean bottom of tank?
Usually, it’s active during daytime, scavenging the bottoms of your tank for any food left-overs. This is why they’re good at bottom cleaning: they search the tank’s bottom each day and clean it from most debris.
Is 4 cory catfish enough?
If you want to see the amazing schooling movements of these cute little fishes, you will have to keep more than 3 cory catfish together. They thrive best in a group of at least six. So, if you want to keep your fish happy and comfortable, 3 cory catfish won’t be enough.
Can you put 2 catfish in the same tank?
Cory Catfish School Together: Cory Catfish are very social creatures, especially with others of their kind. While Cory Cats can survive alone, they seem much happier in a group of two or more. Two Cory Cats of the same type will often stay close to one another as they move throughout the tank to feed.
Can two catfish live in the same tank?
“No” to Multiple Plecos Together
They often do wonderfully alongside other types of community freshwater fish. When plecos reach maturity, they simply cannot get along with fellow plecos. They can be highly territorial around each other. Therefore, it can be extremely dangerous ever to house them together.
Do catfish eat?
Catfish are primarily omnivorous bottom feeders that feed at night. Common food items include aquatic plants and seeds, fish, mollusks, insects and their larvae, and crustaceans.
Do catfish eat fish poop?
There is no fish that will eat poop in an aquarium. Occasionally fish are seen chewing on fish poop, but that is because they mistake it for food. Even catfish, plecos, or shrimp do not eat fish poop. The only way to remove fish poop is to use a gravel vacuum and remove it manually.
Do catfish ever stop growing?
Catfish never stop growing but the growth does slow down as the fish matures and reaches older ages. Several factors such as geographical location, the flow of water and food availability can impact catfish growth and growth rates.
How often should I feed my catfish?
The simplest rule for feeding catfish is to feed once daily, offering all the fish will eat within 20-25 minutes. This is called satiation feeding. | <urn:uuid:0fb89f0b-5c66-4915-a82c-e8a472e3cf65> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rideable.org/can-aquarium-catfish-eat-other-fish/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.946423 | 1,864 | 2.921875 | 3 |
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he Graduate Record Examination is held by the Educational Testing Service and is required for admissions into graduate programmes in universities in the United States of America and Singapore.
Being a Computer Adaptive Test, it can be taken any time of the year.
All one has to do is book a date with the ETS to write the GRE.
The GRE has three sections:
i. Quantitative Reasoning: This mainly includes basic mathematics questions -- 28 questions to be attempted in 45 minutes. One can score a maximum of 800 in this section.
ii. Verbal Ability: 30 questions in 30 minutes is acknowledged by most to be the toughest section in the examination, especially for non-native English speakers. The highest score possible in this section is also 800.
iii. Analytical Writing Ability: This requires students to write two essays -- one expressing your opinion on a topic, and another in which you are expected to analyse an argument. This section is scored out of 6.
When to start
This is the question that plagues most students during their pre-final year.
Many believe the GRE requires close to six months of intensive preparation. This, I think, is a fallacy.
The GRE is not a particularly difficult examination. Really!
As an engineer/ engineering student, the Quantitative Reasoning section of the GRE shouldn't be too difficult, especially after spending four years in the company of engineering mathematics.
But if you are like most engineers and have had a healthy disdain for English through school, Verbal Ability is unlikely to be a cakewalk.
Taking everything into consideration, cracking the GRE does not require more than a couple of months of hard work.
Pre-final year students have the advantage of having a summer break before the final year. This summer break can be put to good use, especially if you manage to cloister yourself in a room, away from distractions.
The best time, in my opinion, to book a date for writing the GRE is in the month of June or early July. After that, academic pressures may put a damper on your preparation for the exam.
If you postpone taking the exam to September, you could suddenly find yourself pressed for time. This is mainly because the official GRE scores do not arrive until three weeks after you take the examination.
More important, writing the GRE is merely a small part in the entire application process.
Booking a date
i. The easiest way to book a date to write the GRE is to call Prometric India on (011) 2651 1649.
Writing the examination will put you back by $140 (Rs 6,115 approximately).
ii. You need an international credit card to book your seat.
iii. Monday is a good day to choose to write the GRE because Saturday and Sunday are likely to be holidays, and so you miss fewer classes (or days of work).
The GRE guides on the planet are probably outnumbered only by the number of institutions claiming to give you a passport to the Indian Institutes of Management.
Choosing the right mix is not very easy and involves trial and error.
A few books and CDs that I, and a few of my acquaintances, found helpful are:
i. Barron's How to Prepare for the GRE: Graduate Record Examination, 14th edition.
This is a book every GRE aspirant is undoubtedly aware of.
It is most famous for its 50 word lists, containing arcane words the testers at ETS love to ask.
Read the book. You will totally believe that the people at ETS do not speak normal English like the rest of us.
ii. GRE Big Book, published by the Educational Testing Service.
The Big Book is little known. But it is one I found extremely useful.
It contains 27 question papers culled from the paper and pencil avatar of the GRE over several years, and is published by the same people who set the tests, ETS.
Unfortunately, it is out of print and is very difficult to find.
With a little perseverance, you can get hold of a photocopy of the same. If you are decent at Quantitative Reasoning, you can safely skip those sections here.
This book is a must-have!
iii. Kaplan Higher Score on the GRE CD
This CD contains a diagnostic test, three full-length Computer Adaptive Tests and six sectional tests, in addition to a few nifty tools.
The Verbal Ability Section is much tougher than what one is likely to find elsewhere (and in the actual exam as well). The Quantitative Reasoning section is tougher as well.
So do not be surprised if you witness a terrible dip in your performance when you try this out.
iv. The Princeton Review CD
The Princeton Review CD has quite a few Computer Adaptive Tests which are a lot easier than the actual GRE, in my opinion.
Attempt to score a minimum of 1,450 or so in these tests. For a sample test online, click here.
v. The PowerPrep CD
When you book your date to write the GRE, you will receive this CD from ETS.
This CD does not have as much information as one might expect (shocking, especially when one looks at how much ETS charges the test taker!).
I strongly recommend preserving one of the two diagnostic tests on the CD for the day before the GRE. This is because repeated experiments with several people I know seem to indicate that what you score in the actual GRE will hover around your score in the PowerPrep test.
There are lots of other test prep CDs and books you can avail of. (Cambridge and Peterson's crop to mind), but it is best to stick to these.
If you have the time, inclination and money for the others, do give them a shot.
Note: Many wonder whether it is worth attending coaching classes to prepare for the GRE. To answer the question: No.
The coaching institutes charge the earth, and do not give you an edge over anyone else who has worked hard sitting at home.
Also: the practice tests that most of them promise you are merely CATs from some of the CDs I have mentioned above. Take it from one who has actually squandered a lot of money on these classes!
Tomorrow: Preparing for the GRE!
Siddhu Warrier is an engineering student at Anna University, Chennai. He has has been awarded an SMA Graduate Fellowship to pursue a Master's degree at the Singapore MIT Alliance, a consortium consisting of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and National University of Singapore (NUS). He scored 1560 on 1600 with 5.5/ 6 in Analytical writing at the GRE. This article is based on his own experience.
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Apartment blocks in Liverpool city centre are to have a recycling service for the first time.
Starting from this week, 11 blocks, containing 2134 flats will have separate collections for recyclable and residual waste. And it is intended to include a further 30plus blocks with 3,400 apartments in future collections.
Until now most apartment blocks have mixed all types of waste together, often only having one rubbish chute for use by tenants.
Now they are being supplied with Euro bins for recycling and residents are being given sacks for recyclables to put in the recycling bin. In some blocks smaller recycling bins are being left on landings with the materials being emptied by caretakers into the Euro bin.
Funding for the bins, sacks and leaflets explaining about recycling has come from WRAP – the waste resources action programme – which has provided £70,000
Councillor Steve Munby, cabinet member for neighbourhoods, said: “We know that many people who live in the city centre who want to recycle find it very difficult to do so because of the lack of facilities in their block of flats.
“Only about 10% of waste in the centre is recycled and we have a target of achieving 55% throughout the city- clearly we need to make significant improvements in this location and having 6,000 more flats able to recycle will make a big difference.
“Apartment blocks have been built , or buildings converted, without enough consideration for how they manage their waste and I think that in the past finding ways we can have a recycling service in the city centre has gone into the ‘too difficult to do’ category.
“But now that we have set up the new company , Liverpool Streetscene Services, we have greater flexibility in our operations and we see city centre recycling as a priority.
“The response we have had from residents when we sent them letters telling them about the collections has been 100% positive- they are looking forward to being able to recycle much more easily.”
And Central Ward Councillor Christine Banks said, “This initiative to increase recycling amongst city centre residents is proving to be a resounding success. Many residents I speak to want to do their bit by recycling more but all too often don’t have the facilities in the blocks they live in for a variety of reasons. The team is working hard to deliver recycling in the city centre by working with residents, landlords, managing agents and student representatives.”
Two new wagons dedicated just to collect recyclable material from the city centre – and record the amount collected per location using geo-tagging technology – will carry out the new service.
Pictured above are Councillors Munby, Laura Robertson-Collins and Nick Small with students at Myrtle Court, one of the block of flats which now have recycling facilities. | <urn:uuid:8803cd17-e243-47ef-b701-958f90df3c42> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://liverpoolexpress.co.uk/city-centre-gets-recycling/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.964857 | 583 | 1.921875 | 2 |
The Truckee Meadows Remembered project involved moving five small historical ranch outbuildings to Bartley Ranch Park in May of 2004. The five buildings were originally from the Joe Ferretto Ranch in the Huffaker’s area on South Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada. Boomtown moved them to their casino property in the early 1990s and used them for a couple years in a country jamboree setting. Thanks to the volunteer efforts of Reno citizens Jack Hursh, Loren Jahn, Jack Sutton, and Terry Cynar, the buildings were relocated and arranged at Bartley Ranch Park in a similar fashion to the original setting at the Joe Ferretto Ranch. These buildings date to circa 1860s to 1910s and include a cook house, carriage house, bunk house, outhouse, chicken coop with pigeon loft, granary/tool shed, and lambing shack.
These humble shacks and shanties represent some of the oldest remaining examples of vernacular (home built) architecture in the region. A couple of these buildings may have existed in territorial days before there even was a Reno. Their architectural style is not Italianate, not Greek Revival, not Colonial, or not Victorian—They are Nevadan!! Besides that their rusty tin roofs and sun beaten wood siding make them beautiful!
This website features the photographic work of Jack Hursh
and pen and ink work of Loren Jahn, both of Reno, Nevada.
Truckee Meadows Remembered historical ranch outbuilding display at Bartley Ranch Park, Reno, Nevada, December 2004. | <urn:uuid:c1110d48-edf4-486e-a650-7f9a3be7672b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.truckeemeadowsremembered.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.94962 | 320 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Beer is the most consumed beverages in the world with a long history. What does the ancient art of brewing tell us about culture and tastes?
Beer is the most consumed alcoholic beverage in the world; it is also the most popular drink after water and tea. In the modern world, however, little consideration is typically given to how beer developed with respect to taste. Even less is given to why beer is thought of in the way that it is.
But today, Canada is in the middle of a beer renaissance. A relative explosion of craft breweries has led to a renewed interest in different methods of brewing and in different types of beer recipes.
In turn, this has driven interest into historical methods of brewing. It is a rather romantic idea: That very old brewing processes are somehow superior to those of the modern world. While almost all of the beer on the market today is quantitatively and qualitatively better than that produced in the ancient world, attempts made by both historians and breweries recently have had some good results.
For example, the collaboration between University of Pennsylvania archaeologist Patrick McGovern and Dogfish Head Brewery that resulted in their “Midas Touch”, based on the sediment found in vessels discovered in the Tomb of Midas in central Turkey, and the Sleepy Giant Brewing Company’s ancient beers created as part of Lakehead University’s Research and Innovation Week.
Why re-create ancient beer and mead?
From an academic point of view, researchers have realized eating and drinking are important social, economic and even political activities. In the ancient world, food, drink and their consumption were important indicators of culture, ethnicity and class. Romans were set apart from non-Romans in several ways: Those living in cities versus those who didn’t, those who farmed in one place versus those who moved around, and so on.
One of the other ways in which this distinction was made was in the different foods people ate and in the liquids they drank. This is clear in the ancient Graeco-Roman debate surrounding those who drank wine and those who drank beer.
Although the saying “you are what you eat” is a fact in terms of physiology, the Romans also believed that “you are what you drink.” So Romans drank wine, non-Romans drank beer.
These indicators (real or not) even exist today: The English drink tea, Americans drink coffee; Canadians drink rye, the Scottish drink scotch.
So the re-creation of ancient beer and mead (an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting honey and other liquids) allows us to examine many things. Among them are these cultural and ethnic considerations, but there are other important and interesting questions that can be answered. How has the brewing process transformed? How have our palates changed?
The “Roman” recipes and their recreation
The Romans left us a variety of different recipes for food and drink. Two of them form the basis of an ongoing research project between the co-owners of Barn Hammer Brewing Company — Tyler Birch and Brian Westcott — and myself that attempts to answer some of these questions.
The first is a recipe for beer that dates to the fourth century Common Era (CE). It appears in the work of Zosimus, an alchemist, who lived in Panopolis, Egypt, when it was part of the Roman empire. The second is a recipe for a mead probably from Italy and dating to the first century CE, written by a Roman senator called Columella.
Both recipes are quite clear concerning ingredients, with the exception of yeast. Yeast, or more appropriately a yeast culture, was often made from dough saved from a day’s baking. Alternatively, one could simply leave mixtures out in the open. But the processes and measurements in them are more difficult to recreate.
The brewing of the beer, for instance, required the use of barley bread made with a sourdough culture: Basically a lump of sourdough bread left uncovered. To keep the culture alive while being baked required a long, slow baking process at a low temperature for 18 hours.
Zosimus never specified how much water or bread was needed for a single batch; this was left open to the brewers’ interpretation. A mix of three parts water to one part bread was brewed and left to ferment for nearly three weeks.
The brewing of the mead was a much easier process. Closely following Columella’s recipe, we mixed honey and wine must. The recipe in this case provided some measurements, and from there we were able to extrapolate a workable mix of roughly three parts must to one part honey.
We then added wine yeast and sealed the containers. These were placed in Barn Hammer’s furnace room for 31 days in an attempt to imitate the conditions of a Roman loft.
What did we learn?
First of all, it’s worth noting that the principles of brewing have not changed significantly; fundamentally, the process of brewing both beer and mead is arguably the same now as it was 2,000 years ago. But as true as that may be, even now the production of Zosimus’ beer — particularly the baking of the bread — was labour-intensive.
Second, we recreated beer and mead from the Roman Empire as faithfully as we were able. The data all suggest that the beer is a beer, and the mead is a mead, right down to the pH level: The beer, for instance, stands at pH 4.3 which is what one would expect from a beer after fermentation.
Third, as the photos here make clear, the mead looked like red wine, the beer was quite pale but cloudy. Neither case was particularly surprising, but what was interesting was the difference between the first tasting of the beer and the second 10 days later.
In the former, the beer looked liked a sourdough milkshake; in the latter, the beer looked like a pale craft ale, and one that would not be out of place in the modern craft beer market.
Fourth, with respect to taste, the beer was sour but quite smooth, and had a relatively low ABV – Alcohol By Volume: the measurement that tells you what percentage of beer or mead is alcohol — around three to four per cent. The sour taste resulted in diverse opinions: Some people liked it; others hated it. The mead was incredibly sweet; it smelled like a fortified wine due to presence of Fusel alcohols, and had an ABV upwards of 12 per cent.
While general tastes may have changed, there are modern palates that appreciate ancient beer and mead. Is this a physiological question? Perhaps, but what seems clear is that ancient indicators based on what people drank are likely more indicative not only of the Romans’ beliefs and opinions about non-Romans, but also their prejudices against them.
Ultimately, what the project suggests so far is that while the brewing process may not have changed that much, in some ways neither have we. | <urn:uuid:77985e84-718b-46c7-8aa9-39f3d1ce2c14> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://brewminate.com/brewing-an-ancient-graeco-roman-beer/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.978585 | 1,445 | 3.03125 | 3 |
MELBOURNE, FLA. — Cem Kaner, Florida Tech professor of computer science, has been nominated to serve on the U.S. Election Assistance
Commission. As a member of the Technical Guidelines Development Committee, he will be in a position to make recommendations related to standards for voting
equipment in anticipation of the 2008 federal elections.
He is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) representative on the committee.
Kaner joined Florida Tech as a professor of software engineering in 2000. He is in a unique position for this project because of his
multidisciplinary background. As an attorney he has worked on the law of software quality; as a human factors analyst with a Ph.D. in experimental
psychology he has examined the usability of complex systems; and with 17 years of Silicon Valley industry experience, he understands software
He also has authored two of the leading books on software testing and has published articles on electronic voting.
The Election Assistance Commission was established in 2002 to serve as a national clearinghouse and resource for information and review of procedures
relevant to the administration of federal elections. Part of its work is to provide funds to states to replace punch card voting systems and to assist in
the administration of federal elections. | <urn:uuid:12c86c99-4e60-484b-bba5-e47c224d1eb1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.fit.edu/engineering/professor-to-serve-on-u-s-election-assistance-commission/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.96046 | 261 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Tabs appear as single spaces in the output
You may have documents with content that is aligned at specific tab stops to give a desired look. For example, a tab-delimited table is a text-only solution for presenting data without the need for configuring a table object. When you convert such a document with ePublisher, that custom alignment is usually lost, as the tabs turn into spaces in the HTML output.
In this case, the problem lies not in ePublisher's conversion of your documents to HTML, but rather in the browser's lack of support for tab stops. We are passing those tab characters to the output, but most browsers render them as spaces (by W3C convention). As a result, there is no easy way to render tab-delimited tables in HTML output. The best option is to create a table object in your document and insert the content accordingly. FrameMaker has a "convert to table" option that will create a table object containing columns and rows that correspond to your tab-delimited text. With table column widths specified explicitly, we can create an HTML table with the same dimensions and appearance in your output.
There is also an HTML/CSS solution that could work for you. Since most paragraph styles are displayed as DIV tags in HTML, the white space (including tabs and multiple spaces) is lost. For the affected paragraph styles in the Style Designer, choose Text properties, and change the 'White Space' setting to "Pre." Alternatively, you can change the HTML > Tag setting to "Pre," but you could lose other formatting cues. When you regenerate your output, the tabs and spaces should be preserved for the "Pre"-designated paragraphs. It might also have other unwanted effects, but you'll have to test it with your documents to detemine if it is an appropriate solution. | <urn:uuid:8b66f2b5-4f36-4c60-ba00-4ff9827ced30> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://wiki.webworks.com/Permalinks/Solutions/Output/TabsAsSingleSpaces | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.894972 | 378 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Dynamics of the Contemporary World
We are pleased to invite you to a lecture given by Prof. Dr. Miroslav Bárta, Omat Koleitat (CEO at Crestyl) and Karla Sirota, MBA, which focuses on changes and the role of Islam in the contemporary world.
Even today, it may seem that the development of any complex society is completely random and plays out over time according to “as though” it is a totally different scenario. It is true that each and every society and civilisation in many respects are unique and differ from one another spiritually, culturally and technologically, not to mention possessing varying geographical determinations. On the other hand, we have recently succeeded in defining certain common characteristics and mechanisms, which function reliably and occur irrespective of the developmental context. Moreover, it even seems that the application of this theory has considerable predictive potential and is not only applicable to the development of civilisation.
How should we react to the dynamics of the contemporary world and what direction and character does our civilization have? Professor Bárta, Director of the Czech Institute of Egyptology, will be able to answer your questions in an open discussion.
Prof. Dr. Miroslav Bárta, Czech Institute of Egyptology, Charles University
Omar Koleilat, CEO, Crestyl
Karla Sirota, MBA, Founder, I.C.P.
Registration starts at 15:30. | <urn:uuid:6cb84e52-4e94-4ab2-a617-45bd8580b67e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.britishchamber.cz/events/dynamics-of-the-contemporary-world/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.925467 | 305 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Welcome to our guide to the Alocasia Calidora all to you need to know about care and propagation…
Alocasia Calidora Care Summary
|Light needs:||Bright indirect sunlight.|
|Watering needs:||Check soil weekly, only water if dry all the way down.|
|Fertilizer:||Well diluted balanced feed monthly in spring and summer.|
|Soil:||A rich and chunky, well draining soil (Alocasia Soil).|
|Where to buy:||Try our list of Rare Plant Shops.|
|Other names:||Calidora Elephant Ear.|
The calidora is an elephant ear plant known for its huge leaves. They can grow huge, to much bigger than a person.
Alocasia Calidora Light Needs
Bright indirect sunlight is ideal. Some early morning direct sun is fine too.
Check the soil each week and water it if the top half is dry. Make sure all the water is allowed to drain after and it is not sat in the bottom saucer causing water logging.
Use a well diluted, balanced feed every month in the spring and summer months.
Alocasia Calidora Soil
You want a rich and chunky well draining soil with something like potting compost, orchid bark and perlite. For more, see our guide: Alocasia Soil.
Check their roots yearly in Spring and pot them up a size if they are crowded. You can also repot them in the same pot if they are not crowded, just to refresh the soil.
Aim for 60%, they like it humid, they can do well in higher humidities too and will tolerate a little lower as well.
15-27°C (59-81°F) is good range in the day time, try to keep them above 5°C (41°F) at night.
How to Propagate Alocasia Calidora
You can propagate alocasia calidora by splitting it at the base once it has smaller pups growing next to the main plant. You can take it out of the soil, separate the pups off at the rhizome, trying to cause as little damage as possible when you do. Then you can pot the plants up separately.
How Fast Do Alocasia Calidora Grow?
They can grow to about 9 feet tall or 2.75 meters, and can grow over a meter or 3 feet in a year. The leaves can grow huge!
Is Alocasia Calidora Toxic?
It is toxic to cats and dogs if eaten. Seek vets advice.
Calidora Elephant Ear.
Where To Buy
Try our list of Rare Plant Shops.
FAQs and Common Problems
Overwatering is a common issue, make sure your plant is in a well draining medium and you do not water it unless sure it needs it.
Other Articles You Might Like
There you have it, here ends our guide to this beautiful plant. You might also like our other articles: | <urn:uuid:e376328f-2f22-4005-8b8b-27fff33a8972> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.teakandterracotta.com/alocasia-calidora/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.90252 | 681 | 2.515625 | 3 |
A number of experts share their (sometimes droll) thoughts on the past and future of the IT industry, reports Angela Moscaritolo.
How do you see the IT security industry evolving over the next 20 years?
Roy Tuvey, president, ScanSafe
(left) As with anything, when asked to predict the future, people tend to think radically rather than incrementally. We will continue to see a move toward a decentralized client computing environment, with company desktops being a thing of the past. Accordingly, the network security perimeter will continue to be increasingly elastic with security companies having to adapt their wares to protect disparate laptops, as well as rapidly growing communication channels.
At the backbone of all this will be the web, as more and more services are pushed to the cloud. Securing this additional volume and different types of information will challenge the information security industry, creating opportunity as well as pain points. This will undoubtedly result in the creation of many new companies as the next “killer apps” start to become apparent.
Robert Holleyman, CEO and president, Business Software Alliance
Security will be an even more critical component of the IT experience. This will generate further innovations and breakthroughs. It will increase confidence levels. It will enable more carefully controlled exchanges of data, at all levels of sensitivity, within organizations and in consumer commerce. Many new market opportunities will be created within the security industry via direct channels and partnerships.
Jim Preasmeyer (right), director of sales and business development, Fujitsu Frontech North America
We have to stay one step ahead of those with evil intent and be smarter about how we protect our increasingly sensitive data. I see biometrics playing a huge part in protecting data moving forward. We have all seen the sci-fi movies predicting a world in the future where waving a body part to get into buildings or to gain access to computer systems is the norm. That day is coming quicker than people realize, in part because of the evolution of viruses being created. It is becoming more and more imperative to go to these extremes in order to protect our precious data. The world is rapidly increasing the amount of data stored electronically every day.
Jody Brazil, president and CTO, Secure Passage
The third-party security solutions marketplace will continue to thrive despite continued pressure on applications and network vendors to deliver secure solutions. IT security operations will become the responsibility of operational teams and individual team members with specific functional responsibilities – such as network, remote access and systems management – will specialize in providing security for their respective functions. Additionally, the corporate IT security group will more clearly shift from an operations to an audit capacity.
Craig Lucca (left), manager, security administration and management, Bloomberg
I guess if you believe the Mayans, it's irrelevant as the world will end in 2012. I suspect being an information security professional will become more complicated. This opinion is based on increasing complexities regarding regulations and legal requirements pertaining to safeguarding data. I believe it will be further complicated by a workforce which is becoming more and more open to sharing sensitive, as well as personal data. Just look at how workforce members use Facebook, MySpace and Twitter to share information. Yes, assuming the Mayans are wrong, being a security professional in 2029 will not be any easier than it is today.
Chenxi Wang, principal analyst, security and risk management, Forrester Research
I see cloud computing significantly changing the security industry. The IT security professional's role will migrate from day-to-day operations to more of a compliance control role.
Avivah Litan, vice president and distinguished analyst, Gartner
Security will be baked into apps and won't be an afterthought or an add-on.
Taher Elgamal (left), CSO, Axway
Many of the successful security technologies will get consolidated and integrated into the mainstream industry. Platforms and application vendors will integrate many security measures into their products, while smaller, newer companies will emerge to solve new problems and combat new threats.
Aaron Higbee, CTO, Intrepidus Group
Twenty years from now? If robots have taken over the human race, there will be no need for a security “industry.” But if humans are still involved with technology, the security industry will have fancier tradeshows and even fancier buzzwords to confuse people.
Jim McKenna, IT director, Iroquois Memorial Hospital & Resident Home
Web-based business computing is, in my opinion, still in its infancy. That means we will be doing more with less on the user side, and that means more streamlined security solutions will be in play. Health care and the development of the nationwide electronic medical record is going to be the catalyst for change in security systems. We will see protocols developed to transfer vital data from secure archives anywhere it is needed – from the largest medical centers to small rural providers like mine. Security is going to move from a business-centric model to a global standard. For individual users, I forsee physical security methods – like voice, fingerprint and retina scanning – to move to the forefront over time.
Amit Yoran (left), chairman and CEO, NetWitness
A larger gap will exist between our dependence on technology and our inability to protect it than at any point in history. As technology increasingly accents high performance organizations, this dependence will accelerate. This will evolve in increased complexity and interconnectivity of technologies, making them hopelessly abstracted from user understanding. The size of the resulting attack surface of user, applications, data, networks, mobility, code and supply chain of hardware, software and services will make the job of attempting to defend IT systems completely impossible. And our ability to disconnect will be reduced to zero.
Who has made the biggest impact on the information security industry and why?
I would nominate Michael Howard from Microsoft for his tireless effort to evangelize software security. The Microsoft secure coding practice is now a well know industry practice.
Avivah Litan (right)
Al Gore, because he invented the internet and set the stage for a rampant increase in the velocity and effectiveness of criminal attacks.
Without a doubt, cybercriminals and hackers have made the biggest impact in the industry. These individuals and groups always show creativity and resourcefulness in how they develop their tools to attack their victims. This has maintained an ever-moving target that security vendors have to stay ahead of in order to maintain the security of their customers. Cybercriminals have already highlighted significant weaknesses in traditional security technologies, such as anti-virus and URL filtering. This has forced the development of the more complex, dynamic security systems required in order to try and maintain security status quo.
Mikko Hypponen (left), chief research officer, F-Secure
Unfortunately, the biggest impact has not been made by the good guys, but by the bad guys. I would nominate the unknown authors of the Code Red, Slammer and Blaster worms. From 2001-2003, these worms demonstrated, in a painfully effective manner, how internet connectivity had made all of us victims to global outbreaks. Largely thanks to the huge problems caused by the worms, the security industry and operating systems manufacturers stepped up their game. As a result, we have much better built-in security in today's systems.
Brian Chess, co-founder and chief scientist, Fortify Software
Bill Gates reinvented IT security twice. The first time around, he made bad software (Win95) and created an incredible need for reactive aftermarket security add-ons: firewalls and anti-virus. Then, in 2002, his Trustworthy Computing Memo to all Microsoft employees changed Microsoft's course. He said “So now, when we face a choice between adding features and resolving security issues, we need to choose security.” Microsoft has proven that software security assurance is critical to business success and that sustained improvement is possible.
Santhosh Cheeniyil (left), co-founder and VP of engineering, Avenda Systems
Vendors in virtualization technologies and cloud-based computing have made the biggest impact on the information security industry recently. Physical security, that is, physical access to network and computing devices, can no longer be taken for granted. Virtual machines can be moved across physical boundaries. This has resulted in information security experts having to rethink their strategy of dealing with data center security. It remains an unsolved problem.
Niall Browne, CISO & VP, information security, LiveOps
The Attacker. A new attack or vulnerability can have the entire security industry worldwide scrambling to just keep up. No other entity has the ability to mobilize so many and so quickly (albeit against their will).
Nir Zuk (right), founder and CTO, Palo Alto Networks
The biggest impact on the information security industry was probably made by the Russians and Chinese who came and are still coming up with ingenious ways to steal data and by creating and expanding the sector.
What are the major vulnerabilities or threats that you think industry players will worry about over the next 20 years?
David Goldschlag, CTO, Trust Digital
IT security initially focused on protecting computing systems, in particular against viruses and other malware. Today, the major focus is data protection, including the security of stored information and the control of information flows through data leakage protection. In the future, security is likely to move further up the stack, including application security and risk mitigation through data mining. In addition to protecting against malware, we need increasingly effective ways to ensure that flaws in applications are detected and remediated, and that applications and services themselves do not create opportunities for fraud.
Looking at the next two decades, the real question is how much worse can the web malware problem get before it threatens the viability of the web as a whole. The web and, in particular, social networking, has eroded the last remaining vestige of perimeter security. Threats will continue to evade the technologies most popular with users in an effort to steal or hijack digital assets. Those technologies that are most widely adopted in the future will also be the technologies most subject to vulnerability exploits. Today, the target is Adobe Reader and Acrobat because PDF is ubiquitous on the web. The target(s) over the next 20 years will continue to follow the weakest link that offers the widest coverage. One thing that is for sure is that malware will continue to be for criminal profit.
Anton Zajac (left), CEO, ESET
The current challenges are big enough. Deeper penetration of IT into everyday life and its affordability will pose a new challenge: how to protect ignorant and irresponsible users.
Technology gets better, but people evolve slowly. In 2029, we will still be worrying about social engineering and warning people about spoofing and phishing.
Signature based anti-malware products will go the route of dinosaurs. How we tackle zero-day attacks by insiders, outsiders and possibly extra-terrestrials will be a worry in the foreseeable future.
Doug Ross, VP/CTO, Western & Southern Financial Group
We live in a dangerous world and have already seen information warfare waged in Eastern Europe. Well-funded entities, such as nation-state actors, will increase their competencies in both offensive and defensive information warfare. Their efforts could be geared toward theft (financial, intellectual property) or sabotage. And insiders will continue to be a significant challenge. I think that because of cloud computing and the insider threat, the notion of an internal network protected by perimeter security may find itself challenged with dramatically new models.
Chenxi Wang (right)
What threats and vulnerabilities will we be concerned with over the next 20 years? That's a long time. The security game should change by then. But in the foreseeable future I think the biggest threat is still in data protection (how to protect against malicious theft of valuable data).
Beyond that, I think the usage of information will change such that less value is placed on the physical data, more on how the data is used and interacted with application and users.
What this means is that information/data theft will be significantly more difficult – a piece of physical data will be useless unless you penetrate the way it is being used.
Nuclear war and global climate change will be major factors. Security technology can certainly play a role in the former. When it comes to climate change, stronger security will be required to protect the artificially controlled environments that only the wealthy will be able to afford to live in.
Jody Brazil (left)
Targeted attacks designed for personal, monetary and political gain will increase for the next 20 years. Attacks designed by “kids” to prove “it could be done” will be replaced more and more by attacks designed by organized criminals, politically motivated terrorists and highly skilled hackers. Cloud and SaaS application vulnerabilities will be a serious issue as an attack on a cloud application could compromise thousands of companies.
The cynical answer: Whatever our legislators have mandated into a regulatory compliance. That's where the money is.
Paul Wood, MessageLabs intelligence senior analyst, Symantec Hosted Services
The adoption of converged mobile technology has been one of the fastest technology growth areas in recent years, and I expect that over the next 20 years, as costs come down and very high speed connections become readily available through advanced wireless communications, the mobile environment will become the main vector of attack. Currently, businesses may be the large, lumbering, lucrative targets in the online cybercriminal world, and in the future it will be each and every connected individual as we will all be connected.
In your opinion, what was one of the most impactful happenings or developments in information security?
The development of pattern detection and predictive modeling technologies. We can't stop many of the attacks but we are getting smarter in identifying and blocking them through these technologies.
Gunter Ollmann (right), VP of research, Damballa
The growing pervasiveness of regulatory compliance on the way in which organizations now have to evaluate the security of digital information within their business has had the most significant impact on businesses to date. While the requirements for public disclosure of corporate breaches have been a very visible consequence of the increasingly well-defined regulations and policies, the internal effect of these regulations has been the rallying both security technologies and the teams responsible for managing them, and a new level of threat awareness throughout an organization. As a consequence, almost every level of an organization better understands their responsibilities and obligations in protecting digital systems, and the implication of failure. That said, as witnessed in many of the largest data breaches disclosed thus far, there is still a substantial gap between meeting the bare minimum regulatory requirements and actually protecting systems in a meaningful way against professional cybercriminals.
Ravi Sandhu (left), executive director of the Institute for Cyber Security at the University of Texas at San Antonio
Two things actually: the emergence of a highly innovative and deeply organized criminal underground economy in cyberspace, and the botnet as a facilitator of lucrative attacks. Regrettably, this scores as Attackers: 2, Defenders: 0.
Michael Murdoch, president and CEO, AppRiver
Continual advancements in cloud technologies highlight the rapid pace of innovation and increasing demand for cloud services. Cloud ideologies and practices are a few of the more impactful developments in information security.
The thought leaders in security have come to realize that even strong defenses are penetrable. They understand that in spite of the millions of dollars spent and their best efforts, that enterprises are already compromised and will continue to be compromised for the foreseeable future and that all of the vendor and marketing claims and promises are not about to change that very cold and stark reality. If anything, the increasing complexity of technology has increased the ease with which easy-to-use advanced threats can impact enterprise business environments with little care for their state of compliance with meaningless regulatory mandates. While expecting perfect protection is a failed strategy, many on the leading edge are learning to operate in environments they suspect of being partially compromised and increasingly focus their efforts on the ability to understand incident scope, impact and validate cleanup.
Robert Holleyman (left)
BSA was on the front line in the 1990s in the battle against attempts by the U.S. government to restrict the use of encryption (by controlling exports and mandating use of government-provided encryption). Our industry's victory in these “encryption wars” demonstrated that technology development is a global phenomenon that governments cannot prevent, control or regulate, but instead can influence by partnering with the private sector. Allowing stronger encryption has advanced greater computer security, promoted consumer confidence and expanded online commerce.
Over the past 20 years, the adoption of email via the internet as a mainstream communications medium has had the greatest impact. Before then, malware would spread slowly in a matter of weeks and months via infected floppy disks and then later via infected CD-ROMs.
The wide-scale adoption of the web is, without a doubt, the single most impactful development in information security, as well as the technology industry as a whole. The ability to reach anywhere on the internet from anywhere in the world turned information security from a layered architecture, involving both physical and digital security, to one that was entirely digital. Hackers didn't have to gain physical access to premises in order to steal or corrupt data.
The adoption of using the web was a driving force that created not only huge business benefits in terms of how and where people work, but also created a mass of targets – individuals and businesses – that could be exploited for financial gain. | <urn:uuid:1a3587e2-b2cd-45af-9b86-12ae581fefae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scmagazine.com/feature/content/the-state-of-the-industry | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.948977 | 3,650 | 1.617188 | 2 |
The government is committed to reducing burdens for taxpayers and building a transparent and accessible tax system fit for the digital age. At the March 2015 Budget, the government set out the
vision for a transformed tax system and the end of the tax return.
More than two million small businesses are already using HMRC digital accounts, and digital accounts for individual taxpayers have been introduced this year.
By 2016, every individual and small business will have access to their own secure digital tax account, like an online bank account, that enables them to interact with HMRC digitally. There’s much more that HMRC can do with today’s technology to make tax easier, transforming tax administration into a personalised service, tailored to the needs of each taxpayer.
For more information please refer to HMRC’s Digital Schedule. | <urn:uuid:cb2c43ee-bcd0-462d-a016-d440fa84a8c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dsmaccountants.co.uk/2016/09/06/hmrc-digital-schedule/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.94242 | 166 | 1.859375 | 2 |
5. Marburg disease
What it is: Marburg disease falls in the same group of haemorrhagic viruses as Ebola. It’s a highly fatal disease which includes bleeding from the internal organs and bodily orifices. Marburg disease was first identified after two big outbreaks in Marburg and Frankfurt in Germany, and Serbia in 1967. Initial infections were caused by prolonged exposure to mines or caves inhabited by the Rousettus bat colony.
How is it contracted? The Marburg disease is spread by fruit bats to humans and transmitted from human to human via bodily fluids.
Signs and symptoms: According to the WHO fact sheet, Marburg disease has an incubation period of two to 21 days. The symptoms start suddenly with a high fever and severe headache. Severe diarrhoea and vomiting also occur, as well as bleeding from the orifices and gastrointestinal tract.
When and where: The most recent cases were reported by the WHO in Uganda in October 2017 | <urn:uuid:5882d506-f1ac-43a9-9a0d-b9e376ebc045> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.topmost10.com/5-deadly-diseases-can-hit-south-african-countries-carefully-watch/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.968871 | 201 | 3.671875 | 4 |
Predicting the future structure of beef farms in the UK was one of the key themes addressed at the 2021 British Society of Animal Science (BSAS) annual conference.
Seth Wareing, from the Stabiliser Cattle Company, confirmed that beef cattle will continue to play a critically important role in converting grass into high-value animal protein. He said:
Ruminants are the only animals that can do this job. What’s more, they play a critically important role in those areas of the country where ploughing is not an option.
“Currently, the beef industry has a very fragmented structure. Looking to the future, we need to see greater levels of communication along every aspect of the food chain, involving farmers, meat processers and consumers," he continued.
Wareing believes that improved data sharing will be critically important in this regard.
“Such an approach will open the way for the development of more efficient production systems and the greater adoption of more efficient genetics.
The creation of such an environment will allow the processers to do their jobs more efficiently, while also providing consumers with beef of the highest quality on a consistent basis.
“The end result will be farmers working more efficiently in ways that will create less pressure on the environment, while also maximising the quality of the beef on offer to consumers," he added.
Themes at the BSAS conference
The theme of consistency was expanded upon by Sarah Haire, head of agriculture at Dunbia.
She said: “Every time consumers sit down to a steak, they must enjoy that experience. It doesn’t matter how the beef was produced.
“Consumers must also receive a clear message to the effect that beef delivers very strong nutritional benefits.
Price within the market is also important. Beef is competing with other animal proteins.
"There is also an overarching requirement for all the sectors operating within the red meat industry to confirm, in a very public way, that beef farming is not destroying the planet," she added.
Beef classification system
Bryn Hughes, the national sheep and beef specialist with Wynnstay Agriculture, told the conference that the use of the EUROP beef classification grid was no longer fit for purpose.
He said: “The British beef industry should introduce a prime beef grading system, similar to the one that has been operating in the United States for the past 20 years.
This approach helped reverse the decline in beef consumption that had been evident up to that point.
“The implementation of the prime beef classification system has highlighted the benefits of fat marbling in beef. In turn, this has significantly boosted the popularity of native cattle breeds across the United States," he concluded. | <urn:uuid:2857386c-3d6b-4b00-aace-f8e8e0c50aaa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.agriland.co.uk/farming-news/bsas-conference-what-will-our-future-beef-farms-look-like/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.954404 | 558 | 2.46875 | 2 |
A popular talking point between Muslims and Christians is the very different nature of the history of their sacred text verses ours (which from my vantage means Quranic textual history vs. New Testament textual history). The Christian canon weathers rigorous academic criticism that batters and breaks the faith of many Christians who want to feel certain of a scripture untouched by human hands. And because The West is broadly post-Christian, there is a lot of interest, history, and groundwork in textual criticism with which to challenge and test Christian self-narratives that might’ve otherwise gone untested. Many Muslims on the internet are delighted to walk into this post-Christian territory and find that the work of challenging Christian scripture is already well-worked and popularized in our culture.
But what happens when those tools so well sharpened on Christian manuscripts get turned to the Quran? Enter Textual Criticism and Qur’an Manuscripts by Keith E. Small. My review in short: a very interesting exercise in manuscript academia, but too reliant on other resources to be useful to non-academics.
Continue reading “Book Review: “Textual Criticism and Qur’an Manuscripts” by Keith E. Small”
“Well, the Bible has that too,” is a common response people have when you try and discuss the question of weird passages in the Quran. It is a pretty solid way to shut down the conversation. This is not because it is necessarily a good point of contention, but because it reveals a wide chasm of understanding that must be bridged before the conversation can be resumed. It reveals a lack of knowledge of the individual nature of religious documents and an assumption that “Sacred Scripture” is a genre in which you can find the same general similarity of content, form, style, and intent.
Genre : a category of artistic, musical, or literary composition characterized by a particular style, form, or content.“genre,” Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, 2019. Web. 13 September 2019.
Sacred scripture is an incredibly diverse category. If I was to submit a definition for “scripture,” it would be “any writings set apart and given authority by a group of people to determine their culture.” The nature of the writings can have a lot of variety, and furthermore there is even more variety in how its adherents set about interpreting and implementing it. I wish I could tell you something about all the Sacred Scriptures out there, but my experience as of writing this is only with the Bible, two-thirds of the Quran, and a smidge of Book of Mormon. But material in the Christian Bible alone is diverse enough to examine the variety I’m describing. So let’s take a look at the Bible: what genres does it contain? What materials does it use? What attitudes do its adherents hold about those materials? And why does this matter when comparing religious documents?
Continue reading “Sacred Scripture is Not a Genre”
Just this past week my husband introduced me to “The Prophet’s Song” by Brian May of Queen.
…And now I’m a little obsessed with it.
It so happens that the next surah I’ll be reviewing in my Quran series is called “The Prophets.” As I’m digesting and organizing my thoughts on that surah, this song resonated deep with my experience reading the Quran. The music and lyric content are so on point with the tone and themes, it’s just blowing my mind right now.
Look at those lyrics! Phrases like “cold night will fall…summoned by your own hand,” “these kings of beasts,” “married his own, his precious gain…and death all around will be your dowry,” “hopes of the young in troubled graves,” “So grey is the face of every mortal,” scream loud to me. The prophet condemns the world for having lost its grasp of love and charity in its love for material things. There is a call to purge in order to reap a fortune of peace. The rejectors who rely on their treasure are guaranteed destruction and a destination in hell.
And yet, while this song fits the Quran to a T, it clearly is derived from Genesis imagery. Then again, its vision of prophethood doesn’t derive from Genesis at all. This song comes from an understanding of apocalyptic prophethood, and it is very interesting to pause for a moment and recognize how ingeniously Brian May writes his own apocalypse in much the same way as biblical prophets. Continue reading “The Prophet’s Song” | <urn:uuid:ecbcef26-6517-481c-a2ad-47455bf4e791> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://twopennyposts.com/tag/scripture/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.946828 | 991 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Michael Muthukrishna’s research focuses on the psychological and evolutionary processes that underlie culture and cultural change. This includes the psychology of social learning and group membership and how this psychology plays out at a population-level. His research identifies psychological and social levers of innovation and cultural transmission. To answer these questions, Muthukrishna uses a two-pronged approach combining mathematical and computational modeling, and experimental and data science methods, drawing on evolutionary biology, anthropology, psychology, and economics. He uses the “Theory of Human Behavior” that emerges from this approach to tackle a variety of related topics, including innovation, corruption, the rise of large-scale cooperation, and the navigation of cross-cultural differences.
- SAGE Emerging Scholar Award, Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP), 2022
- APS Rising Star, Association of Psychological Science (APS), 2021
- CGS/ProQuest Distinguished Dissertation Award in the Social Sciences, Council of Graduate Schools (CGS), 2016
- PhD Dissertation Excellence Award, Canadian Psychological Association, 2016
- Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship, Government of Canada, 2013
Henrich, J., & Muthukrishna, M. (2021). The origins and psychology of human cooperation. Annual Review of Psychology, 72, 207-240.
Muthukrishna, M., Bell, A. V., Henrich, J., Curtin, C. M., Gedranovich, A., McInerney, J., & Thue, B. (2020). Beyond Western, Educated, Industrial, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) psychology: Measuring and mapping scales of cultural and psychological distance. Psychological science, 31(6), 678-701.
Schaller, M., & Muthukrishna, M. (2020). Modeling cultural change: computational models of interpersonal influence dynamics can yield new insights about how cultures change, which cultures change more rapidly than others, and why. American Psychologist.
CIFAR is a registered charitable organization supported by the governments of Canada, Alberta and Quebec, as well as foundations, individuals, corporations and Canadian and international partner organizations. | <urn:uuid:31a00364-47a1-4787-8bdf-037f58904fa2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cifar.ca/bios/michael-muthukrishna/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.834657 | 467 | 1.835938 | 2 |
It’s that time of year again… Time to get the log and portfolio to the Altoona Area School District. One problem — the software isn’t quite ready!
However, I’ve been making daily progress on getting the “output” working. Here is how it is structured in this initial version:
- You can create a book, “Eli Daniel Garber 2010-2011 Portfolio” for example.
- Activities are added to the book, one activity per page.
- The activity summary and description, date and pictures come along.
- You can move the pictures around, crop, and choose the exact ones you want.
- Pages in the book can be sorted any way you want.
- Once the book is “ready”, you can output a print-quality PDF. This PDF could be printed or sent to a printer to turn into a hardback book. | <urn:uuid:367b0ec8-3c46-434c-ab79-c94c2f5e3b33> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.gahooa.com/tag/home-school-log/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.868971 | 194 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Onyx is mostly thought of as a black stone — how many times have you read the word “onyx” as a synonym for “black?” In reality, it’s a banded type of chalcedony that can exhibit dramatic colors and striated patterns.
Long prized as an ornamental stone for carvings and cameo jewelry, it’s also held in high esteem by magic practitioners and crystal healers.
Onyx is very similar to agate. Both of them are types of banded chalcedony, but onyx has parallel bands, while agates can form more complex patterns.
Black onyx is the most commonly known and famous variety, but is actually far less abundant than onyx of other colors. For this reason, a good portion of black onyx on the market is actually dyed to artificially darken its color.
Sometimes, the word “onyx” is applied to materials that aren’t onyx at all. Any stone that exhibits parallel bands may be labeled and sold as onyx, so collectors should exercise caution.
Sardonyx is a variety of onyx with bands of sard, a dark type of carnelian. Sardonyx typically exhibits dramatic bands of bright red and orange.
See also: Check out Onyx stones here.
Onyx Healing Properties & Benefits
Onyx is a grounding and stabilizing stone. It’s said to provide a calming influence in chaotic situations, and makes a great pocket stone for those suffering from anxiety or panic attacks.
It’s also helpful for self-confidence and releasing destructive behavioral patterns. Onyx can also help with the grieving process, and is a useful tool during periods of mourning.
Physically, crystal healers use onyx to strengthen the nervous and immune systems. It’s purported to help sharpen the senses, increase vitality, and strengthen bones. Some healers use this stone to increase nutrient uptake and regulate fluid levels within the body.
See also: Check out Onyx jewelry here.
Onyx Magical Properties
Black onyx is primarily used as a grounding and protective stone. It’s said to have a very defensive energy, capable of guarding against misfortune and malevolent magic alike.
This stone is also regarded as a tool of spiritual wisdom. It’s said to instill the user with discernment and the ability to make informed decisions.
Some sources indicate that it’s also useful for compelling or controlling magic. Historical resources say that onyx could be used to control demons. Some modern schools of magic turn to onyx for spells to gain the upper hand in a situation, or dominate another’s will. To a lesser extent, this stone can also induce nightmares in a target.
An onyx amulet, worn around the next, is believed to help the wearer remain chaste. In a more general sense, onyx is also helpful for workings to break bad habits or addictions.
As far as color magic goes, onyx’s domain depends on its color. Black and white striped onyx is associated with both black and white color magic. Black is tied to banishing, protection, rebirth, and stability.
White is associated with cleansing, protection, and spirituality. Sardonyx is also ruled by red or orange, which are associated with ambition, vitality, vigor, lust, creativity, and confidence.
In terms of chakras, onyx is a very root chakra stone. This energy center, Muladhara, governs survival and serves as the first gateway for energy to flow through the body. When it’s blocked, it can manifest as intense fear.
Since a blocked root chakra also deprives the other chakras of energy, it disrupts the entire lifeforce flow. Wearing or working with onyx near this energy center is believed to help open it, restoring a healthy current of energy.
Onyx History & Folklore
The word onyx comes from the Latin “onyx,” meaning “fingernail.” The ancient Romans believed that onyx stones were clipping from Venus’ nails. The Fates turned them into stone so no part of her divine body would ever decay.
Onyx is a classic stone for use in cameos. Artists carve scenes or portraits into the top layer, revealing the (usually darker) layer below as a background. Since onyx forms parallel bands, it’s more predictable for use in cameos than agate.
Medieval German mystic and saint Hidegard of Bingen advocated placing onyx in the mouth for cases of depression. It was believed to remove negative feelings from the user.
How to Cleanse Onyx
Onyx is a fairly hard stone, at 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale of hardness. Care should be taken with specimens that have been dyed, since some cleansing methods might cause them to leach their colors. That said, there are plenty of good cleansing methods for this stone.
Some methods for cleansing Onyx include:
- Bathing it in fresh, running water. Use caution with stones that may be dyed.
- Bathing it in an infusion of cleansing herbs. As with water, be careful with dyed stones.
- Setting it briefly in the sunlight.
- Setting the onyx in the light of the full moon.
- Placing the stone at the base of a live plant. If the stone is dyed, avoid letting it get wet — it might release dye into the soil.
- Burying it in soil.
- Fumigating it with cleansing herbs or incense smoke.
- Using your personal energy.
- Playing music, chimes, bells, or singing bowls. As with other crystals, avoid setting onyx directly inside of a singing bowl. The vibrations may cause cracking or shattering.
Getting Started With Onyx
Onyx is a pretty abundant mineral, so it generally isn’t expensive or difficult to find. The only tricky part is telling the difference between natural and dyed onyx.
The tricky part here is that dyed onyx is still onyx. Unlike natural citrine and heat-treated amethyst, there’s no real difference in color or growth habit. Unlike sodalite and lapis lazuli, there’s no difference in a streak test, either.
The only real way to conclusively prove that an onyx has or hasn’t been dyed is to get past the top layer. This involves either grinding away part of the outer layer, or cutting the stone in half to see the interior.
Since onyx bands are always parallel, an onyx that’s black on the outside and another color inside will always have been dyed. Unfortunately, this involves damaging the stone.
As with other crystals, it’s important to buy your crystals from an ethical supplier. If your metaphysical or crystal shop can vouch for their crystal sources, they should be able to tell you whether their onyx has been color-treated or not. It’s up to you to decide if this is important for your practice — some practitioners don’t mind if their onyx is dyed, as long as it’s still onyx.
It’s more important to choose a stone that resonates with you, rather than worry too much about whether it’s naturally colored. If possible, try to select your stone in person. That will let you hold it, examine it, and see how it feels.
Pick it up in your non-dominant hand, and explore any sensations or emotions that come up. A good stone should feel pleasant, or at least neutral. Avoid stones that are uncomfortable to hold, or make you feel suddenly angry, sad, or anxious. Each crystal is an individual, so a stone that doesn’t work for you might be perfect for someone else.
After choosing your onyx, you should cleanse it. Stones that are highly protective and grounding tend to pick up a lot of negative energy. They don’t necessarily store it, but it can alter their natural energetic baseline. Cleansing removes this influence, returning the crystal to its natural state. Choose whichever method seems the best for you and your individual stone.
Once the onyx is cleansed, you can choose how you’d like to work with it. Try meditating with it, and see what comes up. Place it over your heart, or near the area of your root chakra. Place it in a charm bag and carry it with you for protection. Use it as a magical tool for banishing negative influences or getting rid of old habits.
Onyx is a versatile stone with a very dramatic appearance. Large specimens are particularly eye-catching, and great for warding a room or home. Choose your onyx well and work with it often, and it will become a valuable and powerful ally.
As an Amazon Associate, Terravara earns from qualifying purchases at no additional cost to readers. | <urn:uuid:b7b3d95d-3c73-4743-83cf-b1d258dde073> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.terravara.com/onyx/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.936339 | 1,880 | 2.53125 | 3 |
In the latest illustration of the world’s interest in Detroit’s reinvention, an architectural competition called to reimagine the city’s riverfront has drawn hundreds of entries from as far away as Tunisia, Taiwan and Turkey.
The competition, called Detroit by Design 2012, is organized by the Urban Priorities Committee of AIA Detroit, the local chapter of the American Institute of Architects. Sponsors include the Detroit Shoppe, the Detroit Institute of Arts and Quicken Loans.
A competition jury will convene Tuesday and Wednesday in Detroit. Jurors will select the winners by the end of the day Wednesday and announce their selections then.
Unofficial and not sanctioned by the city itself, the competition hopes to generate new visions or concepts for waterfront design that may prove useful in Detroit.
There are no plans to actually build one of the winning entries. Instead, the idea of the contest is to broaden the public conversation about the possibilities as Detroit decides what to do with its waterfront district.
Entrants are free to suggest any possible use for the riverfront, including skyscrapers, parks, wetlands, adventure courses, water features, floating projects that reach into the river, and much more.
Bob Piatek, an architect and one of the organizers of the competition, said the aim is to throw out preconceived notions of what Detroit is or what it should be and to challenge people to think creatively about what is possible. Organizers hope to create a dialogue and to inspire residents, community organizations and lawmakers.
So far, the interest has been overwhelming. More than 400 people or organizations paid $100 each to enter.
Piatek said the organizers always intended the contest to be open worldwide, and advertised in architectural magazines and to universities. But, he said, “We had no idea it would be this big and the response would be like this.”
He added, “We’re going to have 400 submittals. They range from all over the place, private citizens, architectural firms, individual architects, planners, artists. We even had a call from a mom who has a 14-year-old boy from Peru who wants to enter it.”
In recent years, numerous visitors have come to Detroit to study the city’s responses to urban plight. These include documentary filmmakers, urban planners, academics, journalists, artists and the just curious.
“I think the world’s eyes are looking at Detroit,” Piatek said. “Detroit is the test case for urban centers because we have the biggest issues.”
Faye Alexander Nelson, president and CEO of the Detroit RiverFront Conservancy, which builds and operates the Detroit RiverWalk, said she welcomed the new ideas.
“We’ve got lots of waterfront to develop,” she said. “I welcome the opportunity to embrace new ideas as we continue our development effort.”
And the contest, she added, is “a great opportunity for some very positive exposure about the city and, more specifically, our riverfront.”
On Tuesday, a free public symposium on the future of the riverfront will be held at 6:30 p.m. in the Kresge Court of the DIA. The competition jurors will engage in a panel discussion about the riverfront; many of the entries will be available for public viewing.
Nelson is one of the five jurors. The jury also includes world-renowned architect Daniel Libeskind, best known for his work creating the master plan for rebuilding Ground Zero, the World Trade Center site in New York.
Also on the jury are Reed Kroloff, director of the Cranbrook Academy of Art and Museum in Bloomfield Hills; designer Walter Hood of Oakland, Calif.-based Hood Studio, and Lola Sheppard, a Toronto-based architect and educator.
The winning entry will receive $5,000. Second- and third-place winners will receive $2,500 and $1,000, respectively.
John Gallagher, Detroit Free Press | <urn:uuid:02479824-05ec-4309-aa52-66c36b110fa5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://checkpoint.friedmanrealestate.com/how-would-you-redesign-detroits-riverfront/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.95265 | 839 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Nicola P. Bondonno, Edith Cowan UniversityFollow
Catherine P. Bondonno, Edith Cowan UniversityFollow
Joshua Lewis, Edith Cowan UniversityFollow
Kevin D. Croft
Jonathan M. Hodgson, Edith Cowan UniversityFollow
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
School of Medical and Health Sciences
Edith Cowan University - Open Access Support Scheme 2020
The role of nutrition in the primary prevention of peripheral artery disease (PAD), the third leading cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, is undetermined. Flavonoids may attenuate atherosclerosis and therefore persons who consume flavonoid-rich foods may have a lower risk of developing PAD.
We aimed to examine the association between flavonoid intake and PAD hospitalizations and investigate if the association differs according to established risk factors for PAD.
Baseline data from 55,647 participants of the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study without PAD, recruited from 1993 to 1997, were cross-linked with Danish nationwide registries. Flavonoid intake was calculated from FFQs using the Phenol-Explorer database. Associations were examined using multivariable-adjusted restricted cubic splines based on Cox proportional hazards models.
After a median [IQR] follow-up time of 21 [20–22] y, 2131 participants had been hospitalized for any PAD. The association between total flavonoid intake and total PAD hospitalizations was nonlinear, reaching a plateau at ∼750–1000 mg/d. Compared with the median flavonoid intake in quintile 1 (174 mg/d), an intake of 1000 mg/d was associated with a 32% lower risk of any PAD hospitalization (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.77), a 26% lower risk of atherosclerosis (HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.88), a 28% lower risk of an aneurysm (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.88), and a 47% lower risk of a hospitalization for other peripheral vascular disease (HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.67). A higher total flavonoid intake was also significantly associated with a lower incidence of revascularization or endovascular surgery and lower extremity amputation. The association between total flavonoid intake and PAD hospitalizations differed according to baseline smoking status, alcohol intake, BMI, and diabetes status.
Ensuring the adequate consumption of flavonoid-rich foods, particularly in subpopulations prone to the development of atherosclerosis, may be a key strategy to lower the risk of PAD.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License | <urn:uuid:093850e3-8664-47a8-8a11-f61b756a0d15> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworkspost2013/9205/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.84964 | 731 | 2.125 | 2 |
Dogs are very social animals, and they flourish around a loving environment. Through the years, the breeds have been safeguarded and improved. The outcome is a breed that has established foundations brought about by years of loving human-dog relationships. Human history is filled with unique and delightful stories of humans and their pet dogs. This wonderful friendship born out of trust and respect for each other makes the relationship between the pet and pet owner so inspiring. In this relationship, the pet owner tries to understand the dog and its history. He commits to understand the canine species to guide the dog on how to build their relationship.
Inside a dog’s pack is its inner network of friends consisting of the human owner and other family members, other dogs, other pets.
The concept of dog packs came about as we try to understand our canines. Our dogs originated from the wolf, who are social pack animals. By studying and understanding their canine’s forefathers, the wolf, we can understand and apply this knowledge to our dog’s human relationship, where the canine views the humans he lives with as pack members. When we recognize and understand this simple yet vital fact, we now understand and know 95% more about our dog than the average pet owner. This knowledge will enable us to utilize the best possible training strategies for a puppy starting with the dog’s inclusion in the pack and naturally developing this hierarchical relationship with your canine. The human being the leader of the pack.
Have you heard the term the alpha dog? Is there such a thing, or is it another dog myth? Scientists that have studied the wolves proved true the existence of the alpha male. In the wolf world, all wolf packs have an alpha male that leads the pack. All the other wolves look to the alpha male dog for leadership and guidance, which creates a strong family pack relationship.
If your dog is the alpha in your household, then that needs to change by proper training. Your dog must accept and follow you as the pack leader, and he is a subordinate. He must look to you for leadership and direction.
It is best if you introduced yourself as the leader in the beginning. And a lot of this is communicated through your body language.
Eye contact is one important way to command respect. The authority in your eye contact will convey so much.
Gentle looks will show acceptance, and firm commanding expressions will demand compliance and respect. Aside from eye contact, your tone of voice, your disposition, your demeanor, your stance will also demand compliance and respect.
To help a dog start and make eye contact with his human owner, various training techniques can be utilized.
In general, the best time to start training is when they are still puppies. It is the same as the human world where the best time to train children is when they are still toddlers to preschool age.
But dog training is not just basic training with commands such as sit, stay, heel, roll. Teaching and reinforcing good behavior through rewards and breaking bad behaviors with disciplinary actions. It also involves training the dog as he grows with the skills he will need so our canines can be a good and contributing member of the pack.
When this family pack relationship is formed between the owner and his canine, a strong and unique bond is created. They have become of our family pack. This bond is hard to describe with mere words but is known and felt by many pet owners throughout our world. Only when you have a dog and have formed a bond with them can you truly understand the link we have with our paws. | <urn:uuid:8fdb2e07-63e4-493c-83fe-e8a8b4e7223b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://linkpaws.com/know-thy-dog/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.972211 | 726 | 2.515625 | 3 |
The aim of the Bill is to amend the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland Act 1871. It is being promoted by the Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland. Changes include:
- abolishing the office-bearer positions of librarian and fiscal
- renaming the Widows’ Fund as the Dependents’ Fund
- letting alternative managerial decisions be made
- letting existing members resign formally from the SSC Society
It will also give the Society new powers including to:
- close the Dependents' Fund completely
- close it to new members
- create new categories of membership
- wind up the Society
You can find out more in the Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland document that explains the Bill.
Why the Bill was created
The Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland is a voluntary society that solicitors may choose to join. The benefits of membership include:
- access to the Society’s building and legal library at Parliament House in Edinburgh
- membership of a Widows’ Fund that makes annual payments to surviving dependents of deceased members
The Society has been in existence for over two hundred years. It has introduced this Private Bill to update and modernise the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland Act 1871 (“the 1871 Act”). The Bill will update the 1871 Act for modern circumstances and give the Society extra powers that it may need in the future.
You can find out more in the Promoter's Memorandum document that explains the Bill.
Becomes an Act
The Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland Bill passed by a vote of 109 for, 0 against and 0 abstentions. The Bill became an Act on 20 January 2021.
The Promoter sends the Bill and related documents to the Parliament.
Related information from the Promoter on the Bill
Why the Bill is being proposed (Promoter's Memorandum)
Explanation of the Bill (Explanatory Notes)
Statement of Legislative Competence
The Presiding Officer has decided under Rule 9.12 of Standing Orders that a financial resolution is not required for this Bill.
The Committee examines the Bill. Then MSPs vote on whether it should continue to Consideration Stage.
How to make an objection
Anyone can make an objection if the Bill would have a negative impact on them.
Objections can be e-mailed, sent by post or delivered in person to the Non-Government Bills Unit (NGBU).
Non-Government Bills Unit
The Scottish Parliament
Who spoke to the committee about the Bill
First meeting transcript
Item 2 is the choice of a convener. The Parliament has agreed that only members of the Scottish National Party are eligible for nomination as convener of this committee. I am pleased to announce that I am the Scottish National Party’s nominee for the post.
Christine Grahame was chosen as convener.
The Convener (Christine Grahame)
Thank you very much. I shall chair for the remainder of the proceedings.
26 November 2019
Second meeting transcript
Under agenda item 2, we will take evidence from the promoter of the bill, which is the Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland. I welcome Douglas Thomson, president of the society; Sarah Erskine, vice-president; Donald Skinner-Reid, treasurer and collector—we need to find out what a collector is; Robert Shiels, secretary; Christine Wilcox, keeper of the library; and Gregor Clark, drafting adviser to the society on the bill. If there are problems with the bill, it will all land on you, Mr Clark.
Do you want to make an opening statement?
Douglas Thomson (Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland)
Thank you for inviting us to attend and give evidence. Members will have had an opportunity to read the papers that we have submitted and will be aware of the history of the society. I believe that some members had an opportunity to visit our premises recently, so they will be familiar with their layout.
The purposes of the bill are set out in full in our papers. We are happy to take questions from members on any matters arising.
I will start us off. Is the promoter confident that none of the alternative approaches that are set out in the promoter’s memorandum would be more appropriate?
Robert Shiels (Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland)
We are a society of 220 lawyers and there is always a danger that we end up with 220 opinions on how best to proceed. We have taken advice and reached agreement that it is better to consider the legislation. The alternatives are ad hoc or pragmatic approaches that would be used as the circumstances arose or dictated. With the bill, we are anxious to lay out specific powers or authorities on the statute book now, which might be used later.
I am tempted to say that they will be “oven ready”, but I think that we should not use that expression.
They will be there if they are required.
It might be that the powers in the bill, if it becomes an act, will never be used, because it might be that the society will continue to prosper for years to come. However, we are acutely aware of changes in the legal profession and society in general, and we are anxious to ensure that, in the future, we will not be seen as having done nothing.
The bill sets out specific powers to enable members to take decisions in five, 10 or 20 years’ time. It is important to note that we have no pressing problem that urgently requires action. The alternatives that were considered would react to difficulties that had arisen, but we do not want to take that approach. If, for example, the society was to close, we would prefer that that was done in an orderly fashion, rather than with urgent action before the Court of Session.
Will you briefly elaborate for the record on the changes that have taken place that have led to you bringing a private bill to the Parliament?
I estimate that we had about 330 members before the first world war. We are now down to about 220. It is a voluntary society; people are not required to join, but join freely. Although the number of members has been stable for some years, the demography of the membership has changed, and younger people are not joining in numbers that suggest that there will be enough people who are fit and able to administer the society in 10 or 20 years’ time. As members might know, the society owns a substantial building and we have financial assets in support of the widows fund, but all of that takes administration, which is quite time-consuming. If we do not have people who are fit and able to do that, the society might drift into serious difficulties.
The mention of serious difficulties leads me to ask what the implications would be if the bill was not passed and the status quo pertained.
If the bill was not passed, the society would continue as it is, but—we think—without the power to close it other than through emergency action before the Court of Session or something along those lines. If the bill is passed and the society was to close in five, 10 or more years’ time, it could at least be done in accordance with the powers that the statute granted.
There are two aspects—the society and the widows fund, which we want to rename as the “dependents fund”. The two aspects might be dealt with separately. We might recommend to the membership that the dependents fund be closed, which might ensure that the society continues for another 50 or 100 years, but that is uncertain. The problem is the break in the habit of people joining such societies.
Perhaps my colleagues will ask about the mechanics of other closures and changes.
The legal structure of the society is difficult to follow. Will you explain the relationship between the articles of association, the royal charter and the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland Act 1871, so that I can understand it?
In the 1750s, there were lawyers hanging about in the Court of Session—
They still do.
That lot were unruly—
They still are.
I do not know about that.
In 1754, an act of sederunt was signed to get people who were going to appear regularly with counsel to identify themselves, in order to introduce some regulation. In 1784, the society was founded. The book on the society’s history explains what was involved and how it developed. It was essentially for solicitors who were supporting counsel, because counsel were in court, doing opinion work or whatever. The term “clerk” is deceptive, because it sometimes means a qualified solicitor as opposed to someone who just does clerking, which in those days meant keeping papers.
The society became sufficiently established to ensure that it was a cohesive body. By the mid-19th century, it controlled something like three quarters of all the business for counsel that went into the Court of Session, so it became almost monopolistic. The royal charter was intended to produce cohesion, stability and—I am afraid to say—respectability, which was fine.
By the 1870s, the Scottish legal profession had begun to become much more cohesive. The then Lord Advocate, George Young—later Lord Young—produced several bills through Parliament to establish various societies in an attempt to regulate the solicitor branch of Scotland. The result was that the members of the SSC Society felt that they were sufficiently well appointed and dug in to be able to get their own legislation and secure their position. The difficulty is that they either never anticipated that the society would one day no longer exist or deliberately did not put something into the bill to allow the society to close. They perhaps regarded it as a society that would continue in perpetuity.
Can a firm instruct at the Court of Session if it is not an SSC firm?
So it is not monopolistic in that way, just as the Society of Writers to Her Majesty’s Signet in Scotland, or the WS Society, is not.
In the 19th century, the legal profession was still not centrally regulated. There was no central body for lawyers in Scotland.
There was no Law Society of Scotland.
The Law Society did not exist until 1949. Each area of Scotland had its own local faculty with its own rules. For the Court of Session, either writers to the signet or solicitors to the Supreme Court were required to instruct counsel, but that did not apply in the rest of the country.
I think that I understand the purpose of the society—you have explained it from its genesis.
How are decisions currently made in the management of the society? We have heard that one of the problems with the society’s ageing population, as it were, is the administration. How does it work and what powers do the various office bearers have? Let us start with what the office bearers do.
The membership is spread throughout Scotland. It used to be concentrated in our building near the Court of Session, but we now have people all over the place. For that reason, although the society does not run itself, the three statutory meetings a year are enough to allow the general administration of the society to be dealt with by the agreement of its members. I do not recall there being a serious dispute that involved a vote or fighting among members since I joined in 1980. The society just seems to be there and to have been run—like the House of Lords.
That is a controversial comparison.
The society has assets—a building and a fund. How are they managed? There must be daily or monthly work in relation to them.10:45
Donald Skinner-Reid (Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland)
You asked earlier what the collector’s job is. The collector is, in effect, the treasurer of the widows fund. In that capacity, I collect the subscriptions that are due.
The Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland (Amendment) Order Confirmation Act 1979 allowed us to invest more widely. The assets of the widows fund are managed by a firm of stockbrokers, which pays the income to the bank account that I maintain. Twice a year, we pay out to the widows the annuity that has been agreed. The annuity fund is reviewed every five years, and in the 25 years for which I have held the post, the annuity has increased at each event. When I started as collector, there were around 100 widows, and there are now 46. That is where we see the demographic changing.
Day to day, the widows fund work can be quiet or, as in May and November, when we pay out the annuities, it can involve a whole day’s work for me. It needs somebody who can write a ledger and operate a bank account, which are not necessarily things that every lawyer can do.
You made the president, at least, laugh about that worry.
The treasurer’s job is more of a day-to-day job that involves considerably more admin. The widows fund job is not hugely busy, but the job as the society’s treasurer is busier.
I liaise with Christine Wilcox, who is our librarian, every day. When I was working full time, Christine would post me invoices to settle. These days, we tend to use new technology, so we scan and email things back and forward. The bank operates using new technology—I have not written a cheque for years—so it is all done in that fashion from home. There is not a massive amount of admin in that regard.
Managing the leases of the premises is currently an active matter. There are events going on—we are dealing with rent reviews and various other things.
The biggest improvement for me has been with technology. There are currently 12 council members so, although I have become the mouthpiece and I deal with a lot of the communications with outside parties, I am only a team player and not the leader of the pack. People tend to come to me with questions and, by email, I go to the council and say, “What do you think, folks?”, before replying with the majority view. The council members receive at least one or two emails from me a day so, in general, the council is actively involved in the management of what is going on. The members become involved in the general meetings that take place three times a year, as stated, if anything needs to be more widely discussed.
Does the annual contribution or levy from members go into the widows fund?
What about the rent from the building?
No. They are two distinct things. There is the society, which owns the building and receives the rents and members’ subscriptions. The widows fund has a portfolio of investments and it has no interest whatsoever in the building. It receives its quarterly income from the stockbrokers into its own separate finances. In March, at the end of each financial year, I produce annual accounts for each—one set for the widows fund and one for the society. They are totally separate.
I will leave more detailed questions on that to colleagues. We have two former accountants sitting here, so you are with friends, or perhaps not, as the case may be.
I am not sure that I will be able to answer all those questions in detail, but I will do my best.
I will pass over to Bill Bowman, who is one of the former accountants.
Bill Bowman (North East Scotland) (Con)
I sort of still am an accountant.
I beg your pardon.
I thank Robert Shiels for showing me, John Mason and the clerks around the building the other day. It was interesting to see the building and how it works.
I have a couple of questions under the general heading of notifications. Paragraph 4 of the promoter’s statement says:
“The Bill does not include any provision affecting heritable property”,
but that, as a “matter of courtesy”, you will inform the tenants about what you are doing. Did that happen?
I wrote to the Faculty of Advocates to say that we intended to introduce a bill, but I did not do anything more than that.
Did you get a response?
I do not think that I did.
Did you not write to the tenants of the lower part of the building?
No, but Donald Skinner-Reid deals with the company regularly. At the time when I wrote, I did not anticipate that we would move quite as quickly as we have done.
If the bill is passed, will it change the legal arrangement between the society and the tenants? Could they use it as a break?
Would they just have to accept the position that they were in?
It would not affect their position in any regard. At the moment, if we chose—and subject to leases—we would be free to sell the building to anyone we wished, and all that would happen would be that the tenants’ landlord would change. It would not significantly alter their position.
It is just that the paragraph that I mentioned goes on to say that tenants
“will be sent as a matter of courtesy intimation of the Bill and the accompanying documents.”
I simply do not know whether Robert did everything.
It is still a work in progress.
In paragraph 5 of the statement, you explain that the society’s members were sent a “strategic options paper” and then an update to that, and that
“a memorandum was sent to Council members with a copy of the draft Bill”
with accompanying documents.
In June 2019, papers were sent for a statutory meeting in July. The members considered the purpose of the bill and the associated documents. How many members attended that meeting?
Perhaps 10 or 12 members attended the meeting, but all members received the papers.
That is 10 or 12 out of how many members?
There are 200 members.
Is that the normal level of attendance?
It is not an unusual number of members to attend a statutory meeting. The meetings take place at 5pm in Parliament House in Edinburgh, so it tends to be Edinburgh members who attend. Everybody receives the information by email, but the number of members who attend in person tends to be quite low.
Do you have a process for proxy voting?
No, not formally. It might help to understand the demographics of the membership. At the previous count that I did—assuming that it did not get too lost in my Excel document—there were 82 retired members, 65 public sector or country members and 44 Edinburgh members. That is the mix.
Do they have equal rights?
If you came to wind up, would each vote carry the same weight?
What are your rules for passing a motion in a meeting? Is it just a simple majority of those attending?
It is generally taken to be the spirit of the discussion and how people view matters. I do not recall ever having got to the stage at which we had to take a vote.
Would you take a vote on something such as winding up?
Oh yes. If it got to the point at which we had to take a serious decision that would affect the future of the society, the widows fund or both, we would consider requiring a vote or, at least, a written answer from each member on what they thought.
You would want an answer from more than the 10 members who might turn up for such a meeting. After all, probably half of those 10 are here today.
Absolutely. The only member who commented indicated that he thought that there should be a fixed percentage in relation to any decision on the closure of the fund or society. That is not wrong. We would want to know that the majority of the members agreed and that it was not just a majority of the members who happened to turn up, not least because if we operated on the basis that 10 people were at the meeting and they all said yes, there might be nearly 200 who would have said no, and that could lead to litigation. We are not an organisation that works in that fashion.
I am not implying that you are. It is just how such things sometimes turn out.
Other than at the July meeting, have you had any feedback from members?
I do not think so. I think that members are content to allow us to proceed as we are doing, because they appreciate that the proposed legislation amounts to a set of powers and authorities for future use.
How would you get that feeling when only 10 out of 220 members turn up?
We sent out a hard copy to the more elderly members who preferred that, and we sent out emails. If members had strong views about their opposition, we would hear from them. There is no doubt about that.
Would you want to put something in the bill to address Bill Bowman’s point on there having to be a quorum of members for decisions to be taken? I share the concern that so few people might be taking decisions. I understand that things have proceeded in a gentlemanly way—I use that term broadly, because women are involved, too—but you are coming to quite serious issues, particularly in relation to winding up. Those are heavy duties.
We considered that. One of the chief difficulties is that we started discussing these issues two years ago and it has taken two years to arrive at where we are today. Having looked at the demographic of the society’s members, I am keen not to be aged 85 and the only official left sitting at the table, with no ability other than to promote another bill—which would need to come back to Parliament—to give the authority to do what needed to be done, which would have become blindingly obvious. My concern about building a fixed percentage into the bill is that I would be left with legislation that tells me that that is the only way in which it can be done.
I reassure the committee and, more importantly, our membership that we would not propose the closure of either the widows fund or the society without a majority of 55 per cent of the membership saying so. However, if that is built into the statute and I am aged 85 and the only person left at the table, all that I will be able to do is resign from office, walk away and leave an organisation that still exists with nobody to manage it. It is a separate corporate body and legal entity; it is not me or us collectively as human beings.
The costs of the exercise for the society are not ridiculous but they are high, and it has taken two years and an enormous amount of work from our secretary, Robert Shiels, to get us to this point. I am not sure that I will have the energy when I am 85 to come back and ask whether we can make the change, so that we are able to make the decision ourselves.
I appreciate what you have said, but there could be some form of quorum rules, with a provision that something else would happen if those were not met. To have nothing at all does not sit so readily with me.
I hear that. The one member who raised the issue gave the Brexit vote as an example and asked whether a percentage should have been built into that legislation. I am not really interested in that discussion, but I see the point of principle that you are making. My point is that if the members of the committee who are left are aged 85, and if we are left with an act that says that we have to have a certain percentage, it will cost us X thousand pounds over a number of years to come back here and try to put the thing through again. That would be a disadvantage. We are looking for flexibility among a group of people who are capable of coming to a perfectly sensible way forward.
John Mason (Glasgow Shettleston) (SNP)
Often, we use a percentage as a quorum, so I am struggling to understand why that would be a problem even if the membership diminished, as long as you could get 10 per cent.
It would not be a problem, but putting a fixed percentage in an act of Parliament would restrict the society’s ability to manage itself.
However, if you were down to one member, that one member would be the 10 per cent, so that would not be a restriction.
I might not be the only member, but I might be the only official.
Having raised that issue, we will chew it over and consider it.11:00
I will build on Bill Bowman’s questions and ask about the consultation that is going on. Did the whole membership get to see the draft bill, or did the members not get into that level of detail?
We sent the bill and the accompanying documents to them. We have referred them to the Scottish Parliament website, where everything is.
They have all seen the bill. That is fair enough.
I understand that there was an advertisement in The Scotsman and that one public library in every local authority area has a copy. Were the beneficiaries contacted or involved?
The annuitants were not. There is no risk to them in any of this.
However, there is the possibility of a lump sum being paid at some stage, but you did not feel that you needed to ask them.
I understand that you got an opinion of counsel, which is private and has not been published. Have the members seen the opinion of counsel?
No, I do not think that I sent that out to them. However, in the documents that I sent out, I made reference to the council having taken the opinion of counsel.
You certainly told us that. Subsequently, the committee has seen the opinion of counsel. Is it still your position that you would prefer us not to quote from it and that it should not be published?
Can we ask you questions about it?
The members of the council have all seen the advocate’s opinion but, as I recollect it, it was not sent out to the general membership.
Fair enough. I will come back to that issue later.
I will come back to Mr Skinner-Reid—my collector. We have the information somewhere but, to put it on the record, how many beneficiaries are there currently?
There are 46.
I know that this might be quite a difficult question, but how many members have partners and children who could potentially call on the fund in the future?
Off the top of my head, I think that the answer is 203.
How much is in the fund?
This week, the valuation was about £11 million.
It is interesting that you said that there is a review every five years. A lot of money is in the fund—I wish I knew where they were investing. How do you review the amounts? Is it £3,000 per payment at the moment?
The 1871 act requires an actuarial valuation. For a number of years, we worked with a company called William Mercer, and then we moved to work with a firm in Glasgow—whose name I cannot immediately remember—which has merged with another business. Andy Thomson was the actuary.
I write to all members to say that it is time for the five-yearly review and to ask whether they have married or divorced and whether they have had any more children—people forget to tell us these things. They fill out a form, which comes back to me, and I fill out a spreadsheet that I send to the actuary, who prepares a report based on the information that I have provided from the members, and then comes back with a range of recommendations on where we could increase the annuity or the contributions that people make. The actuary revises the calculation. Every member has the ability to redeem the rates—it is a bit like the way in which people used to redeem their feu duty. There is a set table that says, for example, that someone who is 65 years old and pays £300 or whatever no longer needs to continue to pay into the widows fund. That is how it is done. The report comes back to the council, which makes a decision on whether to increase the annuity.
I got a wee bit lost there. I am looking at Bill Bowman, who is our current accountant, to explain things to me. I thought that the membership fees had nothing to do with the widows fund.
Two fees are paid each year.
If you are a practising member in Edinburgh, you pay £165 to the society and £35 to the widows fund. There are two payments.
That has clarified things for me. I thought that we were talking simply about the shareholding returns.
No. I think that the members’ contributions raise about £6,000 a year for the widows fund.
That is helpful.
Have you taken legal advice on the legal duties of trustees if and when you close the fund?
The society holds the assets in trust. The basic difficulty is that it is not a trust that you would necessarily recognise as such. There is no trust deed in the way that people think of such a thing, so the trustees do not act in the way that people think of trustees acting. We hold the assets in trust—the society, that is, not the individual members. The society has obligations in relation to the management of the fund that are exercised through the council and the office bearers. That is basically how it works.
So, beyond the specific provisions in the bill, what other general legal duties do the trustees have in relation to this unusual trust, which I assume is not registered with the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator?
It is not. The duties are those that one would have as a trustee. It is not our money; we are looking after that money for other people. Therefore, our obligation is to ensure that there is a balance between providing the income requirement to fund annuities and securing the capital. When I was appointed, the then stockbroker came up with a whizz of an idea of investing half the fund in Japan. My only response to that was that the only thing that I know about the Japanese stock market is that you do not invest for dividend, because it does not pay any; you are only investing for capital. I was trying to manage a fund that paid out annuities, and, therefore, it needed to create some income. We ended up dismissing that stockbroker’s services.
We are looking after other people’s money. However, it is not a trust in the sense of someone leaving their estate in trust for their third husband with the understanding that the money will move on to someone else in the family after that. That is an easily understood trust; we are dealing with something slightly different.
I turn to my professional acquaintance beside me at this point.
How is the money in the fund protected? If you wanted to build a new building, could you just take that money?
No; it is separate—
I know that it is in a different account.
The widows fund is not available to the society.
And the independent trustees are the ones who would control—
The society holds it in trust.
Are there no what I would call professional trustees, such as a bank?
We are just talking about the people who are here today.
You said that you write to beneficiaries to ask if they have children—
We write to contributors to ask that.
Contributors, sorry. Is the right of the recipient of the annuity determined by the contributor saying that that person is entitled to it, or are they entitled because they are a child, for example?
In 25 years, only two children have been beneficiaries of the annuity. Their father had died and their mother remarried reasonably quickly thereafter, which meant that she was no longer the widow, so the children took the annuity. I ask about what children people have because we could have beneficiaries who are under 21.
Entitlement is based on the member having died and there being a death certificate and a marriage certificate, and the couple not having divorced. It is a simple question of whether someone was married or not.
That is the present situation, but the new situation would be different.
It could be. We have not fully worked out the mechanics of what would happen if cohabitants are brought in. It is an area where, frankly, the law is continuing to evolve. The vice-president did a lot of work around cohabitation and family law, and could give us quite useful input into how we could identify that. At the moment, the marriage certificate is the important consideration.
That is what we understood, and that is relevant to the issue of legal children. There could now be questions about other children or other partners. How will you deal with that?
I can think of one member who died who was still married but who was living with somebody else. In that case, the answer to your question is that the widow receives the annuity. I think that the fund could be opened up to claims by cohabitants, and I think that we could have to look at claims under section 28 or 29—Sarah, help me out here; which section is it?
Sarah Erskine (Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland)
I am sorry, I cannot tell you exactly which one. I can check and get back to you.
The Family Law (Scotland) Act 2006 brought in claims on death for cohabitees. I think that one might have to look at some sort of decision from the court with regard to what entitlement the cohabitee might have. The annuity would be part of the assets of the deceased, who, in those circumstances, would have died intestate. There might be something there that we would have to look at.
I presume that your actuaries would want to know more in that regard if they are valuing the fund. It is a new scenario for them.
Yes. At the moment, I do not ask about cohabitees, because I do not have to. However, it would entail asking whether someone has cohabitees and then adding another column to the Excel spreadsheet.
I have a question about winding up the fund. Proposed new section 51A(5)(c) talks about members of the society being notified; it does not talk about notifying beneficiaries. It says that proceedings may be commenced only after
“all members of the Society have been notified in writing, or by electronic means, of the stated general meeting convened to consider the recommendation”
that the dependents fund be closed. I know that section 51A(3) talks about annuitants being offered a lump sum, but that is after the point at which the closure decision has been made. Would it be appropriate to notify beneficiaries that the fund will be closed and to tell them what their options are?
I think that you would have to notify them, because you would need to get agreement that they were willing to accept what the actuarial calculation would produce.
So you are saying that that is implied.
Yes. You would have to notify them, because you would have to know that you have their agreement.
But section 51A(3) says:
“If the fund is closed ... any person who is an annuitant at, or who but for that closure would have become an annuitant after, the date of closure, shall be offered”
a lump sum. Does that cover the issue that I have raised? Has the decision not already been taken by that point?
I do not think that it will happen in a hurry—that is my point. The previous actuaries—this is going back 15 years or so—came up with a suggestion along those lines and my response was that we did not have the power to do any of that. The current actuary would have a view on it and on how it could be accomplished. It will depend fundamentally on computations and calculations that the actuary does, based on information that I will have to get. That process will take at least two years; it is not going to happen quickly.
The situation is complex. It involves people coming on stream as claimants.
Yes. There are people who, in my previous incarnation, we referred to as shadow liferents—people hovering around on the edge of the séance table who have an interest, but only through the member.
I love your metaphors.
If one was to consult every annuitant, there would be issues. For example, if you are dealing with someone of childbearing years, how long do we keep consulting and who do we consult?
There would have to be a cut-off point, obviously.
You have to know the actual people you are dealing with.
If you were able to close the fund tomorrow and you paid off—I do not mean that in a bad way—or gave lump sums to the existing claimants on the cut-off date, what would happen with the rest of the money? Why should it go back to the society? Does it not belong to the claimants? After all, it is their fund.11:15
The fund has been built up over the best part of two centuries and, originally, if my recollection is right, it was not separate from the society. Where would the remainder of the fund go? I argue that it should go back to assist the society’s continued existence. I cannot see where else its natural home would be.
The surplus might be considerably smaller than one imagines. Split between 46 people, £11 million sounds like a lot of money, but it would potentially be split between 246 people. If we look at the ages of the members and annuitants, and note that an annuitant died recently who had been in receipt of an annuity for around 40 years, we see that the lump sums might be quite considerable.
I would like to ask that question the other way around. If there was a deficit on the fund, would the society be obliged to pick it up?
That is a good question. No, it would not have to do so, as far as I can see. We discussed that some time ago. It is not a pension fund; it is an annuity fund that would be provided by me, for example, for my husband, if I died first.
So it can pay out only what it has got.
In proposed new section 52B, the bill requires a resolution to wind up the society, but it does not require a resolution to decide the arrangements to achieve the winding up. I am struggling to fully understand section 52B(5), which talks about whether such arrangements are made. Section 52B(5)(b) says that, if no arrangements have been made,
“the Council must implement that decision in such manner as it considers expedient.”
Will you explain the thinking behind how the society could be wound up in such manner “as it considers expedient”?
We have, say, 200 members, but we might have four or five council members at a council meeting and 10 or 12 members at the members meeting later the same day.
Somehow or other, the society has survived for more than 200 years because of light management. Everybody has the same ultimate aim, which is being solicitors of the supreme courts, and powers have varied from time to time. From what I know, there have been no power meetings at which major decisions have split the membership. The society has evolved and survived, which it continues to do, because of light management.
The demographic imbalance of members creates a real danger that we end up with very few practising members involved with the society. I recall that, about two years ago, one of our members died in east Africa. He had been in the services in the second world war and then he came out, qualified as a solicitor, joined the SSC Society in 1950 or 1951, went to east Africa and nobody had seen him since. He paid his money every year and we were sad to hear of his death, but his participation in the society had been minimal. Looking at some of the old books from before the second world war, we find that society members turned up from time to time in Vancouver, Brisbane and so on. They qualified and became members of the society, but then they went on to other things.
There is a risk with our tradition of light management and declining membership that there are not many people left to wind up the society and take the necessary decisions. If we want large percentages, we need to have people there but, in a few years’ time, there might only be a couple of dozen people who have the time or inclination to get involved.
I understand that and I appreciate that the society has been run with a light touch, which has worked. Largely, you have continued to do the same or similar things that have been done in the past.
The committee is just trying to think of the worst-case scenario. If it became clear that winding up was to happen and a lot of money was involved, sadly, that could be the touchpaper that would create tensions. We hope that, as you said, you do not have to come back with another piece of legislation in a few years’ time. I think that that would be the desire of the Parliament, too. Although we hope that the light-touch management continues, we are trying to think about what will happen if it stops working.
I take your point that you do not want more detail in the bill about the winding-up arrangements, which takes me to my next point. There are details in the bill about the disposal of extra funds from the dependents, or widows, fund, which would return to the society. However, there are no equivalent provisions for what would happen to the disposal of the assets of the society should it be wound up. Perhaps that needs to be in the bill.
That would be a matter for the members. One of our well-known members—the committee might know of him—was the late John Gray, who was president of the society in the 1980s and a well-kent face in Edinburgh. I can hear John sitting on my shoulder saying that, on the final winding up, a lot of the money should go to charity. That might well be his argument and there would be a group that would support him in suggesting that. However, these are in essence private assets, so it would be for the membership at that time to decide.
One of the problems that I used to find in the work that I did on winding up estates was finding a specific reference in a will to a charity that no longer existed and having to decide what to do with the money. I am probably out of date with this, but there used to be a cy-près scheme, whereby we could go to the Court of Session and ask that we give the money to a charity that was very similar to the one named in the will.
Fundamentally, these are private assets and it would be for the members to decide what to do. I can hear John on my shoulder suggesting that charities could be the recipients, but who knows? I might be dead by then.
You are such a cheery person to say, “I am very old—I might be dead.”
When you took counsel opinion, did they have an opinion on whether there should be more detail in the bill on this matter?
I will try to be devil’s advocate. You have suggested the scenario that it be proposed to members that any remaining assets be given to charity. I presume that another option is that the remaining members at the point of winding up split the money between themselves. I do not know whether, if other solicitors became aware that a lump sum might appear around the corner, they might suddenly start joining the society.
If there was a sudden influx of members, there would be no need to close the society. It is as simple as that.
The demographic is due to having had generations of law graduates being pumped out of universities following the crash of 2008 who have not got jobs. At the end of my time as a business partner, there were very few people under the age of 30 working in the company—I am talking about all the staff—and there is a big gap in the demographic of lawyers under 30. There are loads of people at my end of the table and not so many further down. If we had loads more members, the issue of closing the society would not arise.
Daniel Johnson (Edinburgh Southern) (Lab)
I would like to continue John Mason’s line of devil’s advocacy for a moment.
You want to have this legislation because you are concerned about dwindling membership and the society finding itself in a position in which the fund is unsustainable and needs to be wound up. Do you not need to specify how the decisions are likely to be made? Even if the fund is divided between a number of members, we are talking about a likely minimum of several thousands of pounds. Given that there is an argument that could be made about who has interests, because we are dealing with beneficiaries and with members of the society, would it not be better to specify, not in detail but at a high level, what would have to happen in terms of the contents of a resolution at a meeting of the society, as well as the precise criteria that would have to be met at that meeting, such as a quorum, which I do not believe is specified in the bill?
The straightforward answer is that I do not know. I think that binding the hands of an organisation with regard to precisely what will happen in 20 or 30 years’ time is complex and fraught with difficulty.
That is particularly the case if numbers are falling.
Indeed but, with respect, none of us is discussing binding people or even specifying anything in advance; rather, I am talking about seeing what categories of decision would need to be made in order for that decision to wind up to be valid. I am not saying that the provisions for how the society would be wound up should be put in the bill; I am saying that it would be good if there was a statement of how such a winding up would have to take place. What would be the disadvantage of saying, at a high level, what the dimensions of that decision or resolution at such a meeting would be?
I think that that is already there. Proposed new section 52B(3) says:
“The procedure by which a decision to wind up the Society is to be taken may be determined by the Society—
(a) at a stated general meeting other than the special general meeting referred to in subsection (2) of this section; or
(b) by means of bye-laws under section 52 of this Act.”
We will have to sit down and concentrate on that in the circumstances that arise at that time, if that time arrives.
The promoter’s memorandum states that it is envisaged that a decision to wind up the society
“would require to be unanimous or nearly so.”
However, that is not in the bill.
That is something that could be put in a byelaw that could be made under the 1871 act.
That escaped me—I had not realised that.
To continue the devil’s advocate approach, how do members have security in that regard? The procedure by which such a decision could be taken could be determined under a byelaw, but it would not have to be done that way. Proposed new section 52B(3) says that the procedure may be determined
“at a stated general meeting other than the special general meeting ... or ... by means of bye-laws”.
That means that we are talking about alternatives—it is a case of “or” not “must”.
It is a facility.
I know that it is a facility; I am just saying that it could be a big thing to do this. You have a large piece of heritable property in a prime position, which is worth quite a lot of money, notwithstanding the fact that there might still be tenants in there. I am thinking about the requirement to protect yourselves, as a society. You are good people; I do not think that you are going to do anything underhand, but we do not know what will happen in the future. Therefore, we need to future proof this. Winding up the society might be a big thing, and there might be substantial assets involved. How do we ensure that there is no jiggery-pokery? I love such technical terms.
If the bill said something like, “and by means of bye-laws”, rather than,
“or by means of bye-laws”,
the provision could be strengthened. I know that we could not do that exactly, but doing something like that would strengthen the bill so that there would be the unanimous or near-unanimous agreement that the memorandum talks about, and there would be certainty that the decision—whether it involved giving the money, or some of it, to charity or whatever—was the clear will of the membership.11:30
I cannot really answer your question.
I know. I did not like that look—I did not know what it meant. Does that mean that I am wrong? Should we be pursuing the matter?
In the recent to distant past, I do not understand there to have been any huge divergence of views between the members. We are all solicitors and we are all qualified in Scotland. We are all members of the society voluntarily, and there has been a great deal of unanimity of thought over the years. It might be, as you said, that dividing up assets brings out the worst in people.
I am sure that there would be suitable resistance elsewhere in the society if any faction tried to take over, but I am not aware of any factions, groups or counter revolution.
We have described to the committee the process at our meetings. Information about all matters that we have in mind and intend to discuss at a meeting—particularly the issue of how we would dispose of a building, if that was to come up—is circulated to lawyers.
It is at 5 o’clock in Edinburgh, is it not?
It is at 5 o’clock in Edinburgh, but we have training meetings, for instance, in Edinburgh at 5 o’clock, and lawyers get to them from all parts of the country. If an important meeting were to take place at which the society was thinking about disposing of its widows fund or its buildings in a way that prejudiced a member, who would receive the papers either by mail or by email, they would get there. They are lawyers and members. We need the powers, in circumstances in which we are all getting older—
I understand that. However, the memorandum says that
“such a decision would require to be unanimous or nearly so”,
but that seems to have been lost in translation in the bill. I am not trying to be difficult. As you know, when making legislation, we need to future proof it as much as we can—we cannot totally future proof it, but we should do so as much as possible.
With all respect, and as I am sure you know, that is exactly what we are trying to do.
As far as process is concerned, I detect a concern that our meetings are small and that people are not attending. That is because members get the papers and trust that the decisions that are made by the members who are there follow the views of the person who receives the paperwork for the meeting. If paperwork arrived that indicated that a meeting would deal with a particular issue that was very close to a member’s heart, they would be there, even if it was at 5 o’clock.
I understand that, and I have complete faith in you—I am not challenging that. My point is that, given that the promoter’s memorandum says that, why does the bill not say that a decision to wind up should be required to be “unanimous or nearly so”? I am just curious to know why no such provision is there.
It is partly there in proposed new section 52B(4), which says:
“Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (3) ... a determination under that subsection may include a provision as to the voting threshold required.”
I will follow up on a slightly related point. The bill contains a new section that would create new forms of membership—“corporate”, “trainee” and “associate” membership—and another section that would allow a member to resign for a reason
“unconnected with disciplinary matters or retirement.”
The witnesses have talked about how the membership interacts at the moment. However, if you are going to introduce different types of membership, do you not have to define the rights and powers of the existing membership a little more?
Does section 52A(3) not cover the restricted membership categories? It expressly states that membership
“does not include an entitlement—
(a) to participate in the Dependents’ Fund”
or to use the title “SSC”. Those members would have a different status from that of the full members of the society, so their voting rights and their rights within the society would be different from those of full paid members. That difference is already set out in the bill.
Does that not get to the heart of what we are circling around here? The concern is not so much about the size of your meetings, when they take place or how they are conducted; it is more that there are no specific provisions for how or for what purposes a decision to wind up would be taken, and there are circumstances in which such a decision could be disputed. In particular, creating new categories of membership will provide more grounds for such a decision to be disputed. All that we are seeking to do is to consider whether things could be done to minimise the possibilities for dispute. Whatever decision is made—if it is ever made—should be beyond dispute, and there should be clarity about how and for what purposes the decision has been made by having that in the bill.
Although the sections that have been mentioned sit next to each other, they represent different strategic options. The power to create new forms of membership is for the short term. We are trying to increase membership, so we are creating the ad hoc or temporary membership to try to have more people moving about the library and using the facilities. The following section, which is on the power to wind up, relates to the long term. Temporally, sections 52A and 52B are hugely different.
Let me give you a scenario. The decision to wind up relates to the medium to long term, and the provisions on membership relate to the short term. However, if you change the make-up of the society, with new members joining, it is quite conceivable that there could be a very small number of full members and a large number of new members. A decision could then be made by the small number of members who, frankly, at that point, would no longer be the body of the society. I would have thought that the associate members might have something to say about that.
It is not anticipated that those who take up the new forms of membership that are to be created, which will be distinct from full membership, will be members for ever. A trainee membership, by definition, is for a trainee who will, in the fullness of time, become a qualified lawyer and stop being a trainee. An associate membership might be for two or three years. When you join the SSC Society, it is anticipated that you are choosing to join a society for as long as you are a solicitor.
In relation to Daniel Johnson’s scenario, I suggest that there might be an issue if there was a substantial corporate membership, but the council and the members at the statutory meetings could easily discuss the matter and make adjustments. If it looked as though a wedge of people were coming in who were threatening the stability or integrity of the organisation for full members, there would be a reaction.
What do you get if you become a corporate member? Do you just get access to the library? I do not mean “just” in a trivial fashion, but is that it? Are corporate members not able to use the term SSC?
We have not developed what it would mean because we do not have the power yet.
What are your thoughts on corporate membership?
The large firms sometimes look for assistance from the keeper of the library. It might be that corporate membership would mean getting additional assistance in library research, or something such as that.
I can see that because, in that case, they would not become an SSC—that is, a solicitor in the supreme courts. I also understand what trainee membership would mean. What about being an associate member? Would that be similar to being a corporate member?
We have had a few overseas students and lawyers who were qualified in other jurisdictions who have wanted to use the library facilities and could not get access anywhere else.
That is the point of membership of the society. It is not because we own property—that we do came as a surprise to me after I became a member. Neither is it because of the widows fund—when people are younger, they do not think about such things or consider those elements to be the important things. When they join, they do so to join the very good library.
I understand that. I just wanted the matter to be clarified. I appreciate why there is a distinction and that, at winding up, it would be SSC Society members who would take a view.
Do members want to pursue anything else along those lines?
Will the panel explain why they want a provision that would enable members to resign other than through retirement or being pushed out through disciplinary processes?
There appears not to be a power to resign now. Once people have joined, that is them forever. People have sometimes drifted away and said that they would no longer be a member, but there is nothing in the 1871 act on that.
It did not feel clear enough.
Even if someone does not pay, are they still a member?
They kind of drift away, if you know what I mean. [Laughter.]
I love your style.
If someone fails to pay for two years, their membership automatically ceases, but it is a rather unwieldy process. We might have a number of members who exist only in theory and not in the real world.
Why do you want to abolish the offices of librarian and fiscal?
The 1871 act originally had powers to discipline members. There was a fiscal—like a procurator fiscal—who presented the prosecution case at disciplinary hearings. That does not apply now because we have the Law Society of Scotland, the Scottish Legal Complaints Commission and various bodies such as that. We do not need a fiscal.
In the past, the keeper of the library kept the books in order, but they were not necessarily a qualified librarian. Since 1871, like everything else, the profession of librarian has risen and fallen, but there are still qualified librarians and we have a librarian at the society. However, the librarian to the society is a title that is given to a solicitor who has no training in librarianship, so we simply want to adjust the terminology in order to meet the changes that have occurred since 1871.
You can still have a librarian, but not in such a formal way.
The librarian would no longer be required to be a qualified lawyer.
I want to ask about the current provisions for widows and orphans, to use the old-fashioned term. You said that £3,000 is paid to claimants. Is that £3,000 to the widow and £3,000 to each of the children, or is it £3,000 in total?
The children come in only if there is no widow, widower or surviving civil partner, who take precedence.
In the scenario in which there are children whose mum and dad are both dead, at what age is the current cut-off for receiving a payment? Is the payment per child?
The cut-off age is 21.
It is 21. Is the payment £3,000 per child?
In the case to which I referred, I split it between the two daughters. The children shared the one annuity for the member who passed away.
They received £1,500 each.
When one of them hit the age of 21, her sister got the whole lot.11:45
Will that continue? I think that, at the moment, parents can be called on to contribute towards a child up to the age of 24 or 25, if they are in full-time education—something like that is lurking in my mind. Does the bill give you an opportunity to extend the payment and redefine what happens with residential charges in those circumstances, up to the age of 21, whether we are talking about college or university?
There is a rule of aliment in family law, which is very specific about a child claiming aliment from a parent. However, I do not think that that necessarily applies to what is happening here.
I am just asking whether there is an opportunity to address that issue in the bill. You are refreshing the situation with regard to who is a child of the deceased and so on, so it seems to me that there is an opportunity to think about the situation that I raise. The child will not have to pay tuition fees, at least, but they still have other costs to meet, and they would have a claim on the parent. In a case in which one parent still survives, maybe you could bump up the amount from the £3,000—
In part, that comes down to the actuarial advice. Yes, the fund has a lot of money in it, but it has been built up over two centuries. The individual contributors are not paying huge amounts of money annually. My thinking has been along these lines: for a modest contribution, members get quite a good deal—well, not the member, because they will be dead, but their family. If we were to go down the route of widening all that and increasing the payments to four children, for example, we might have to think about having different levels of contribution from members based on the number of kids that they have or whatever. That is starting to become something that is considerably more complicated than an annuity fund.
I am not disputing the idea, and I can see where you are coming from; I am simply saying that it would have quite a number of knock-on ramifications in relation to the fund overall.
Indeed. It was just a fleeting thought, and it has floated off now, as far as I am concerned.
I have a question about a relatively minor point. Sections 1(6) and 1(10) change the titles of two sections of the 1871 act so that the words “Widows’ Fund” are replaced by “Dependents’ Fund”. However, the title of section 34 of the 1871 act will still include the words “Widows’ Fund”. Does that need to be changed, too?
Gregor Clark (Drafting Adviser to Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland)
I think that that is probably something that has been missed. We will consider the issue and attend to it.
I do not think that we have any further questions. Is there anything that you wish to add? Is there anything that we have missed or have misunderstood? Do you have any other interesting metaphors, as I am a collector?
We are grateful for your attention to this issue and the care that you have taken as you have looked into it. However, I stress the point that we started with: we are not dealing with an immediate problem and we are not panicking about it. We are looking to 10, 20 or even 35 or 40 years from now—I do not know; the issue is to do with the demography of the society in which we find ourselves.
We appreciate that, and the point about the changing environment. Thank you for your evidence. That concludes the public part of this meeting.11:48 Meeting continued in private until 12:12.
17 December 2019
26 November 2019
17 December 2019
Debate on the Bill
A debate for MSPs to discuss what the Bill aims to do and how it'll do it.
Preliminary Stage debate on the Bill transcript
The Deputy Presiding Officer (Linda Fabiani)
I remind members that social distancing measures are in place in the chamber and throughout the Holyrood campus. I ask members to take care to observe the measures over the course of this afternoon’s business, in particular when entering and exiting the chamber.
The first item of business is a preliminary stage debate on motion S5M-22407, in the name of Christine Grahame, on the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland (Amendment) Bill.
Members who wish to speak in the debate should press their request-to-speak buttons. I call Christine Grahame to speak for up to eight minutes, and to move the motion.14:31
Christine Grahame (Midlothian South, Tweeddale and Lauderdale) (SNP)
I am pleased to open the preliminary stage debate on the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland (Amendment) Bill. I thank my colleagues on the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland (Amendment) Bill Committee—deputy convener Bill Bowman, Daniel Johnson and John Mason— for their work in getting the bill to this stage.
The bill was introduced on 26 September 2019, and is being promoted by the Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland—known as the SSC Society. It is the fifth private bill to be introduced in the current session; the previous four all received royal assent.
The private bill process is quite different. The first stage of the process differs from that for public bills—with which we are more familiar—in that it begins with a 60-day objection period. During those 60 days, any person or organisation who believes that their private interests would be adversely affected by the bill can lodge an objection. The objection period for the bill concluded on 25 November 2019, and no objections were lodged.
At the preliminary stage, the role of the bill committee is twofold: first, to consider the general principles of the bill and, secondly, to consider whether it should proceed as a private bill. In considering whether the bill should proceed as a private bill, the committee assessed whether it conforms to the definition of a private bill, and whether the accompanying documents are adequate to allow proper scrutiny of the bill.
If the Parliament agrees to the motion on the bill at the preliminary stage, it will move to the consideration stage, during which amendments will be considered. Thereafter, the bill will proceed to the final stage, for consideration of any further amendments and a decision on whether it should be passed.
In order to understand the current position in which the SSC Society finds itself, it is helpful to understand its history and the history of the legal profession in Scotland. The Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland has been in existence for more than 200 years—longer even than me. It was formed in 1784, with a contract and articles of association and regulation. A royal charter was granted to it in 1797, which made the society a body corporate. In 1817, a widows fund was established, to pay annuities to surviving widows and orphans of the society’s members.
The Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland Act 1871 confirmed and amended the charter, and re-incorporated the society. However, one omission from that act was powers for the society to wind itself up—which was either because the then members did not foresee a day when the society might not exist, or because they deliberately did not include powers that would allow the society to close down.
The Law Society of Scotland was established in 1949, and it took over the business of regulating the legal profession. In 1979, elements of the 1871 act were amended to reflect the changes that had occurred over the previous century.
The benefits of membership currently include access to the SSC Society’s building at Parliament house in Edinburgh, use of a legal library and members’ lounge, and membership of the widows fund.
The society has about 220 members spread throughout Scotland, and there are 46 beneficiaries of the widows fund, each of whom receives an annuity of £3,000. The society is run by five office bearers and a council of six members. Over recent years, demographic changes in the membership have meant that the society now finds itself with a predominantly older and retired membership, with fewer younger members joining. Apparently, that is not unusual in such societies, nowadays. There is therefore a concern that a dwindling number of members might one day find themselves in the position in which the society or the widows fund, or both, needs to be wound up, but with no powers so to do.
The bill seeks to update and modernise the society’s statutory constitution—that is, the 1871 act—by updating the act for modern conditions, and by giving the society additional powers that it might need in the future. The purposes of the bill include renaming the widows fund as the dependents fund, and providing the society with powers either to close the fund to new members or to close it completely; giving the society powers to wind itself up in the future; creating new types of membership and making new provision to allow members of the society to resign; and abolishing the offices of librarian and fiscal.
Part of the committee’s role was to assess whether the bill will achieve those objectives. In order to aid its scrutiny, on 17 December 2019 the committee held an evidence session with the society’s office bearers and its drafting adviser. As a committee, we asked the promoter what alternative approaches had been considered and what the implications would be if the bill were not passed. The promoter emphasised that they are not expecting to wind up the fund or the society any time soon. However, they wish to have the mechanisms in place in case they are needed in the future, so that winding-up can be done in an orderly fashion, without requiring an urgent action before the Court of Session.
We also asked how the winding-up of assets would work, and we questioned whether the procedures for closing the newly named dependents fund and winding up the society were robust enough.
Our report sets out our considerations and recommendations, and my committee colleagues will provide some more detail on those later in the debate.
The committee supports the general principles of the bill and agrees that the bill should proceed as a private bill. We believe that the bill will provide the society with the powers that it might need for the future and that, in addition, it will update the society’s statutory constitution for modern conditions.
I am, therefore, pleased to move,
That the Parliament agrees to the general principles of the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland (Amendment) Bill and that the bill should proceed as a private bill.14:37
John Mason (Glasgow Shettleston) (SNP)
I thank the convener, other colleagues and the clerks for their help and work on the bill, up to this stage. I also thank the promoter for showing us around the society’s headquarters at Parliament Square, just up the road. Bill Bowman, the clerks and I saw the building where the society is located, which is in close proximity to the Court of Session, the Faculty of Advocates, the WS Society and the High Court. It was interesting to hear Robert Shiels, the society’s secretary, note that many of the early members of the society had entered the legal profession through apprenticeships, rather than with law degrees. The visit was therefore helpful in providing background and context to the bill.
I intend to concentrate on the mechanisms that are required to wind up the society, and on certain aspects of the society’s meetings. As the convener mentioned, one of the main aims of the bill is to address the lack of powers in the 1871 act to wind up the society. It is understandable that office bearers do not wish to find themselves, as one office bearer put it,
“aged 85 and the only official ... left at the table”,
and able only to
“resign from office, walk away and leave an organisation that still exists with nobody to manage it.”—[Official Report, Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland (Amendment) Bill Committee, 17 December 2019; c 10.]
The bill will therefore insert in the 1871 act proposed new section 52B, which sets out the general process for decisions on winding up the society. The process starts with the council agreeing to a proposal to wind up the society, followed by a general meeting of the members, or byelaws being made, to decide the procedures that are to be followed at a special general meeting.
The society’s members must be given at least 30 days’ notice of the special general meeting, at which they will consider the proposal to wind up the society using the previously agreed procedure. If the members vote to wind up the society, the council will then implement that decision either in accordance with arrangements that are made by the society or
“in such manner as”
During the evidence session, the committee questioned whether the procedure to dispose of the society’s assets was detailed and robust enough to encompass any worst-case scenarios during the winding-up process. We commented that the division of assets, particularly substantial assets such as the society’s building, could create tensions. I therefore welcome the promoter’s confirmation, in a letter that was sent to the committee following the evidence session, that they are considering proposing an amendment to the bill to ensure that the society’s members be consulted about how property is to be distributed.
The committee also asked the promoter about the process of voting at the society’s meetings, particularly having heard that only around 10 of the current 220 members attend the statutory general meetings. We noted our concerns about the lack of a requirement in the bill for a quorum, and that a voting threshold was not mandatory for meetings at which winding-up decisions are to be taken. I therefore also welcome the promoter’s confirmation that they will propose amendments to address those issues.
I hope that I have provided members with sufficient useful detail on our considerations regarding the bill’s provisions that will give the society new powers to wind itself up. We share the promoter’s hope that the society will not find itself in that position for some years to come—if at all.
I have found this to be a very interesting process to be involved in, but it has underlined for me that it can be cumbersome to amend primary legislation. Perhaps a lesson for us nowadays is that we do not want to put too much detail in primary legislation, if we can avoid it.
I fully agree with the committee’s conclusion that it is content with the general principles of the bill and that the bill should proceed as a private bill.14:41
Daniel Johnson (Edinburgh Southern) (Lab)
I begin by thanking my colleagues. It has been a real pleasure to work on a private bill—indeed, it has been interesting, given that it is different from our usual work. I also thank the convener, Christine Grahame, for moving the motion and explaining the history of the society and the process for a private bill. Above all else, it is important to thank the clerks, who have assisted us greatly not just on the detail of the bill but on the private bill process, given its unusual nature for most of us.
As the convener mentioned, the bill is necessary because of the changing demographics in the society. An ageing membership means that office bearers might one day find themselves in the unhappy position of having to wind up the society. The committee therefore agrees with the promoter that the relevant powers need to be in place should it become necessary one day to close the “Widows’ Fund”—which is to be renamed the “Dependents’ Fund”—or the society, or both.
The provisions in the bill that deal with the closure of the dependents fund will insert new, detailed procedures into the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland Act 1871. They will include an actuarial investigation, a meeting of the members to consider a resolution to close the fund, and the offer of
“such lump sum or other payment as seems reasonable”
for the annuitants and potential future annuitants. Any residual money would transfer to the society.
Although the committee generally agreed to those procedures, we asked why the decision had been made to transfer any surplus back to the society. Donald Skinner-Reid, the treasurer and collector, explained to the committee that the society would seem the “natural home” for any surplus, in order
“to assist the society’s continued existence.”—[Official Report, Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland (Amendment) Bill Committee, 17 December 2019; c 17.]
The promoter emphasised in both the evidence session and a follow-up letter to the committee that the surplus in the fund could be smaller than might be imagined, once the lump sum had been split between the annuitants and the potential annuitants. In its report, the committee recommended that the promoter consider, as part of the winding-up procedures, a provision in the bill that the beneficiaries and any prospective beneficiaries should be notified of a proposal to close the fund. The promoter has accepted that recommendation, and a draft amendment has already been shared with the committee.
The committee examined the procedures involved in winding up the society. The committee is keen to stress that its aim is to ensure that the bill and the new powers and procedures that it introduces to the society’s constitution are as robust as possible without restricting the rights of the society’s members to make decisions about its future.
We agree with the promoter that, if the society does, in the future, need to wind itself up, we do not want it to have to come back to Parliament needing to amend the legislation again. We therefore highlighted areas in which we thought that the winding-up procedures could be strengthened. In particular, we questioned provisions for quorums and voting thresholds for key decisions. John Mason has covered that issue in some detail, but I wanted to note that point as well, and, indeed, the promoter’s agreement with those recommendations.
It has been interesting to experience the private bill process so far and to play a slightly different role from the usual one of a committee member. As the convener mentioned in her opening speech, the committee has concluded that it is content with the general principles of the bill and that it should proceed as a private bill.14:45
Bill Bowman (North East Scotland) (Con)
In closing on behalf of the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland (Amendment) Bill Committee, I, too, thank my colleagues for their work on the bill so far. I also thank the secretary of the Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland, Robert Shiels, for showing us around the society’s building at Parliament Square. Mr Shiels recounted how the courts originally rose up around the old Parliament of Scotland, which led to societies being formed by the lawyers who worked in and around those courts. Standing in the magnificent Parliament hall and seeing the Faculty of Advocates, the WS Society and the SSC Society all located in close proximity to the Court of Session and the High Court gave a tangible sense of the history of those societies and the role that they have played in our legal system over hundreds of years.
At the outset, I note that, as the promoter has emphasised, despite challenging demographic changes, there is no wish at the present time among the society’s members to close down the society.
One of the objectives of the bill is to enable the society to attract new members by amending the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland Act 1871 to create different forms of membership—for example, corporate membership, trainee membership and associate membership. It is hoped that that will encourage younger members of the legal profession to join the society and make use of the library and facilities at its building in Parliament Square.
One concern that the committee raised in the evidence session was the possibility of a sudden influx of corporate or associate members who might disagree with a decision taken by the small group of remaining full society members. The promoter responded by explaining that it would be clear from the outset—and, indeed, in the bill—that those new types of member would not have voting rights.
The bill contains a provision that will give members the ability to resign their membership in circumstances unconnected to any disciplinary matters or retirement. At present, if a member fails to pay their membership fees for two years, their membership automatically ceases. However, we heard from the promoter that that is an “unwieldy” process and that allowing members to resign their membership would be useful.
Another objective of the bill is to update some aspects of the act’s terminology. As we have heard, “Widows’ Fund” is being changed to “Dependents’ Fund”, and reference to “lawful” children is being removed.
The bill will also allow the trustees to pay annuity claims on the basis of cohabitation, depending on the
“facts and circumstances of the relationship between the deceased member and the claimant.”
The society’s treasurer and collector, Donald Skinner-Reid, was frank about the fact that the mechanics of how that might happen have not yet been fully worked out and that, in any case, the law regarding cohabitants’ rights continues to evolve.
The promoter is removing the offices of librarian and fiscal. The role of fiscal was a historic office for handling matters of discipline prior to the formation of the Law Society of Scotland and the Scottish Legal Complaints Commission, which now handle such matters. The office of librarian is being removed because, although the society will still have a librarian, that person is no longer required to be a qualified solicitor.
The last issue that I would like to cover is the committee’s role in considering whether the bill should proceed as a private bill. That aspect of the private bill process is one that most committee members have not encountered before, as it is not part of the process for the public bills that we normally scrutinise. The committee is required to satisfy itself on two points: that the bill conforms to the definition of a private bill as set out in the Parliament’s standing orders and that the accompanying documents conform to rule 9A.2.3 in the standing orders and are adequate to allow proper scrutiny of the bill.
On the first point, the committee is satisfied that the bill conforms to the definition of a private bill. On the second point, it is satisfied that the accompanying documents fulfil the requirements and allow for proper scrutiny. However, we noted that the promoter’s memorandum could have provided more detail about whether any negative comments or responses were received from members.
The committee is content with the promoter’s conclusion, in the promoter’s memorandum and in the evidence session, that promoting a private bill is the most appropriate and best available method of achieving the promoter’s aims.
However, the committee had one recommendation regarding the promoter’s statement. We noted in the preliminary stage report that the promoter had stated its intention to inform all the tenants of the society’s building about the bill. In the evidence session, the promoter confirmed that the tenants in the lower part of the building had not been informed. That was, in part, because the bill would not alter those tenants’ position. The committee recommended that the promoter ensure that all tenants be notified about the bill and proposed changes to the society’s constitution. A follow-up letter from the society’s secretary has stated that such letters have now been sent.
I welcome the promoter’s acceptance of all the recommendations that the committee made in its report and the fact that it will propose amendments to be lodged at the consideration stage to address those recommendations. I confirm that the committee recommends that the Parliament agree to the general principles of the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland (Amendment) Bill and that it should proceed as a private bill.
19 August 2020
Vote at Preliminary Stage
Preliminary Stage Vote transcript
The Presiding Officer (Ken Macintosh)
There is one question to be put as a result of today’s business. The question is, that motion S5M-22407, in the name of Christine Grahame, on the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland (Amendment) Bill, be agreed to.
Motion agreed to,
That the Parliament agrees to the general principles of the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland (Amendment) Bill and that the bill should proceed as a private bill.Meeting closed at 16:41.
19 August 2020
Members of the Private Bill Committee can propose changes to the Bill. Objections and changes are considered and then decided on by the committee.
Changes to the Bill
MSPs can propose changes to a Bill – these are called 'amendments'. The changes are considered then voted on by the lead committee.
The lists of proposed changes are known as a 'marshalled list'. There's a separate list for each week that the committee is looking at proposed changes.
The 'groupings' document groups amendments together based on their subject matter. It shows the order in which the amendments will be debated by the committee and in the Chamber. This is to avoid repetition in the debates.
How is it decided whether the changes go into the Bill?
When MSPs want to make a change to a Bill, they propose an 'amendment'. This sets out the changes they want to make to a specific part of the Bill.
The group of MSPs that is examining the Bill (lead committee) votes on whether it thinks each amendment should be accepted or not.
Depending on the number of amendments, this can be done during one or more meetings.
Meeting at Consideration StageDocuments with the Amendments considered at the meeting that was held on 7 September 2020:
First meeting at Consideration Stage transcript
The Convener (Christine Grahame)
Good morning and welcome to the second meeting in 2020 of the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland (Amendment) Bill Committee.
Today, we will consider the bill at consideration stage. Consideration stage normally consists of consideration of objections, then formal proceedings on amendments. However, no objections were lodged in this instance.
The promoter has suggested 11 amendments, which I have lodged on behalf of the promoter. The committee will need to debate and decide on the amendments, and formally consider and agree the individual sections and long title of the bill.
Before the committee can do that, it is first required to screen the amendments to ensure that they do not adversely affect private interests. In such an event, it might be necessary to defer the rest of consideration stage until anyone who might be adversely affected had an opportunity to make their views known. However, based on the advice that I have received from the clerks, my view is that none of the amendments adversely affects private interests. Do committee members agree? Please indicate agreement by saying so. I see that members are instead nodding their heads to indicate their agreement.
In that case, we turn to the disposal of amendments. Any required voting will be by members nodding their agreement or speaking.
I turn to the marshalled list.
Section 1—Amendment of the 1871 Act
Amendment 1 is grouped with amendments 7 to 11. Amendments 1 and 7 to 11 address the committee’s recommendation at preliminary stage that the procedure set out in the bill for winding up the Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland be strengthened. We were concerned that, in the worst case of the society one day having to be wound up, the procedures in the bill might not be detailed or robust enough to manage any tensions over the disposal of the society’s assets.
The committee recommended that the society’s members be consulted as to how any property should be distributed. Amendments 7, 8 and 9 require that consultation to take place, and the consultation to occur before the meeting at which members would discuss a proposal to wind up the society.
The committee also questioned whether the bill should specify a quorum for certain meetings at which key decisions about the society would be made, and whether a voting threshold should be considered. Amendments 1, 10 and 11 address that issue and ensure that a voting threshold must be set up for any decision to wind up the society.
I welcome the amendments, which were proposed by the promoter, and I am pleased to move amendment 1 on the promoter’s behalf.
No member has indicated that they wish to address the amendments.
The question is, that amendment 1 be agreed to. Are we agreed? Members are nodding their agreement—this is very strange, but there we are.
Amendment 1 agreed to.
Amendment 2 is grouped with amendments 5 and 6. Amendments 2, 5 and 6 are minor and technical amendments.
Amendment 2 relates to the retitling of the “Widows’ Fund” as the “Dependents’ Fund”.
Amendment 5 clarifies the type of general meeting in which a member who is created under a new form of membership is not entitled to participate.
Amendment 6 makes the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland Act 1871 more consistent in terms of style.
I move amendment 2 on the promoter’s behalf.
No member has indicated that they wish to address the amendments.
Amendment 2 agreed to.
Amendment 3 is grouped with amendment 4. Amendments 3 and 4 relate to the procedure for closing the dependents fund. In its preliminary stage report, the committee noted that the bill requires that the society’s members be notified in advance of any proposal to close the dependents fund completely. However, the bill does not require annuitants or prospective annuitants to be notified. Amendments 3 and 4 therefore require that all annuitants and prospective annuitants be notified in advance of any decision to close the dependents fund completely.
I believe that the amendments will improve the bill, and I am pleased to move amendment 3 on the promoter’s behalf.
No member has indicated that they wish to address the amendments.
Amendment 3 agreed to.
Amendments 4 to 11 moved—[Christine Grahame]—and agreed to.
Section 1, as amended, agreed to.
Sections 2 to 5 agreed to.
Long title agreed to.
As the consideration stage of the bill is now complete, this is likely to be the committee’s final meeting. The bill will now proceed to the final stage, which will take place in the chamber.
I thank the promoter and committee members for their assistance and work on the bill.Meeting closed at 11:06.
7 September 2020
MSPs can propose amendments to the Bill and then vote on each of these. Finally, they vote on whether the Bill should become law
Final Stage amendments
No Final Stage amendments were lodged.
Final debate on the Bill
The MSPs discuss the final stage of the Bill.
Final debate transcript
The Deputy Presiding Officer (Linda Fabiani)
The next item of business is a debate on motion S5M-23014, in the name of Christine Grahame, on the final stage of the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland (Amendment) Bill.
Before the debate begins, I note that the Presiding Officer is required under standing orders to decide whether, in his view, any provision of the bill relates to a protected subject matter—that is, whether it modifies the electoral system and franchise for Scottish parliamentary elections. In the case of the bill, he has decided that no provision relates to a protected subject matter. Therefore, the bill does not require a supermajority for it to be passed at the final stage.15:36
Christine Grahame (Midlothian South, Tweeddale and Lauderdale) (SNP)
I am pleased to open the final stage debate on the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland (Amendment) Bill. I thank my colleagues on the private bill committee—Bill Bowman, who was the deputy convener, Daniel Johnson and John Mason—for their work.
The bill was introduced on 26 September 2019, and is being promoted by the Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland—the SSC Society. The bill passed its preliminary stage on 19 August 2020 and completed its consideration stage on 7 September 2020.
If Parliament passes the bill today, it will give the SSC Society powers to wind itself up and to create new types of membership. It will allow members of the society to resign, abolish the offices of librarian and fiscal, and rename the widows fund as the dependents fund, as well as close that fund to new members, or close it completely.
As members will recall from the preliminary stage debate, the benefits of membership of the society today include access to the society’s building at Parliament house in Edinburgh, use of a legal library and members’ lounge, and membership of the widows fund, which is renamed the dependents fund by the bill.
The society currently has about 220 members located throughout Scotland, and is run by five office bearers and a council of six members. Over recent years, demographic changes in the membership have meant that the society now finds itself with a predominantly older and retired membership, with fewer younger members joining. Apparently, that is not unusual for such societies nowadays. Therefore, there is concern that a dwindling number of members might one day find themselves in a position in which the society, or the dependents fund, needs to be wound up, but they do not have the powers to do so.
One of the objectives of the bill is to enable the society to attract new members and to create different forms of membership, such as corporate membership, trainee membership and associate membership. It is hoped that that will encourage younger members of the legal profession to join the society. When it is possible to do so, new members will be able to make use of the library and facilities at the society’s building in Parliament Square, albeit that that is not possible in the current circumstances.
At the preliminary stage, the committee questioned whether there was the possibility of a sudden influx of corporate or associate members, who might then disagree with a decision that was taken by the small group of remaining full society members. The promoter explained that it would be clear from the outset, and in the bill, that those new members would not have voting rights.
The bill also contains a provision that would give members the ability to resign their membership, unconnected from any disciplinary matters or retirement. At present, if a member fails to pay their membership fees for two years, their membership automatically ceases. However, we heard from the promoter that it is an “unwieldy process”, and that allowing members to resign their membership would be useful.
Part of the committee’s role has been to assess whether the bill will actually achieve its objectives. The committee undertook a thorough examination of the bill at the preliminary stage. We considered the purpose of the bill and whether it would give the society the powers that it requires. We also considered whether the bill should proceed as a private bill.
One of the interesting aspects of being involved with the bill has been in gaining an understanding of how private bills differ from the public bills that are scrutinised by Parliament. For a private bill, the committee is required to satisfy itself on two points: that the bill conforms to the definition of a private bill as set out in standing orders, and that the accompanying documents conform to standing orders and are adequate to allow proper scrutiny of the bill.
On 17 December 2019, the committee therefore held an evidence session with the society’s office bearers and their drafting adviser. During the committee’s evidence session with the promoter, the office bearers emphasised from the outset that they do not expect to wind up the fund or the society any time soon. However, they wish to have the mechanisms in place, in case they are required in the future, so that winding up can proceed in an orderly fashion. It is understandable that the current office bearers wish to avoid leaving members with the prospect of having to raise an urgent action before the Court of Session.
The committee asked about how winding up of assets would work, and questioned whether the procedures for closing the newly named dependents fund and for winding up the society are robust enough. My committee colleagues will provide more detail on the amendments that were made at consideration stage, which strengthened the bill.
The committee’s preliminary stage report, which was published on 15 January 2020, covers in some detail our questions about and recommendations on the bill. That was reflected in the preliminary stage debate, which was held on 19 August. The bill passed the preliminary stage when, in line with the committee’s recommendation, Parliament agreed to the general principles of the bill and agreed that it should proceed as a private bill.
As no objections were lodged during the initial 60-day objection period, the committee turned at consideration stage straight to amendments. I lodged 11 amendments on the promoter’s behalf, which all addressed recommendations in the committee’s preliminary stage report. My committee colleagues will touch on other aspects of our work on the bill, including consideration stage amendments.
I conclude by stating that the committee recommends that Parliament agrees that the bill be passed.
That the Parliament agrees that the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland (Amendment) Bill be passed.15:42
Daniel Johnson (Edinburgh Southern) (Lab)
I, too, would like to thank my colleagues for their work on the bill to this stage, and I add my thanks to the clerks. Briefly, I will depart very slightly from my script. The work that is carried out on private bills is incredibly important and is an important duty that we have in the Parliament. It is, by its very nature, niche, but it is obviously of fundamental importance to organisations such as the Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland, the functions and underpinnings of which are set out in statute. I therefore thank the clerks for keeping us straight, for keeping on top of the detail and for getting the bill through to this stage.
I intend to concentrate on the mechanisms that are required for the winding up of the society, and on certain aspects of the society’s meetings.
The promoter made it clear from the outset that the main aim of the bill is to address the lack in the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland Act 1871 of powers to wind up the society. It came to the attention of the current office bearers that, should the society one day find itself in the regrettable position of having to wind up, it currently lacks the powers to do so. Understandably, the office bearers do not wish to find themselves, as one put it,
“aged 85 and the only person left at the table,”
only able to
“resign from office, walk away and leave an organisation that still exists with nobody to manage it.”—[Official Report, Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland (Amendment) Bill Committee, 17 December 2019; c 10.]
Quite so. The bill therefore inserts into the 1871 act section 52B, which sets out the general process for decisions on the winding up of the society.
The process starts with the council agreeing a proposal to wind up the society, followed by either a general meeting of the members or byelaws being made to decide the procedures to be followed at a special general meeting. The society’s members must be given at least 30 days’ notice of the special general meeting at which they will consider the proposal to wind up the society, using the previously agreed procedure.
If the members vote to wind up the society, the council will implement that decision, either in accordance with the arrangements that have been made by the society or in such manner as the council considers expedient.
At the preliminary stage, the committee questioned whether the procedure to dispose of the society’s assets was detailed and robust enough to encompass any tensions as a result of the division of the society’s substantial assets. We noted that, even with the best of intentions, the division of assets may lead to tensions. It was therefore welcome that the promoter proposed amendments to the bill at the consideration stage to strengthen the procedure around the division of the society’s assets, which include the society’s headquarters, situated just off the Royal Mile.
The bill has therefore now been amended to require that the society’s members are consulted on how any property be distributed in the event of the society being wound up. That consultation must take place before the special general meeting where members would discuss any proposal to wind up the society.
I hope that I have provided members with useful detail on how the bill has been amended at the consideration stage to strengthen the procedures for winding up the society. However, as the promoter has made clear throughout the passage of the bill, it is hoped that those procedures will not be required any time soon. I agree with the committee’s recommendation that the Scottish Parliament agrees to pass the bill.15:46
John Mason (Glasgow Shettleston) (SNP)
I, too, thank my colleagues on the committee, the clerks and the promoter for their work in getting the bill to this stage, and I thank the convener, Christine Grahame, for moving the motion and for her professional way of chairing the committee.
As the convener mentioned, the bill is necessary as the promoter has noted the changing demographics in the society. The office bearers are currently faced with an ageing membership that may result in their one day having to wind up the society. The committee therefore agrees with the promoter that it is necessary to ensure that, should that unfortunate circumstance take place, the society has the powers that it requires to allow for an orderly closure of the society, the dependents fund or both.
The Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland Act 1871 set out the procedures that govern the society’s widows fund. The bill has renamed that fund the dependents fund and has inserted new detailed procedures that would allow for it to be closed to new members or closed completely. Those procedures include an actuarial investigation, a meeting of the members to consider a resolution to close the fund and the offer of
“such lump sum or other payment as seems reasonable”
for the annuitants or potential future annuitants. Any residual money would then transfer to the society.
Although the committee generally agreed with those provisions, we noted that the promoter might want to consider, as part of the winding-up procedures, a provision in the bill that the beneficiaries and any prospective beneficiaries should be notified of a proposal to close the fund. The promoter accepted that recommendation and amendments were lodged at the consideration stage to address that. Those amendments mean that the bill now requires that all annuitants and prospective annuitants be notified in advance of any decision to close the dependents fund completely.
The committee also examined the procedures involved in winding up the society; our intention was to ensure that the procedures were as robust as possible and that the promoter would not find itself in the position of having to come back to Parliament again to amend the 1871 act. Although we agreed that it is the right of the society’s members to make their own decisions about its future, we considered that some of the practical procedures around the decision making could be strengthened.
At the preliminary stage, the committee heard that
“typically, only around 10 of the 220 current members attend the statutory general meetings.”
We noted our concerns about the lack of requirement in the bill for a quorum in the decision-making process and the fact that a voting threshold was not mandatory for meetings where winding-up decisions were to be taken. The committee therefore welcomed the promoter’s proposed amendments to ensure that, for any decision to wind up the society, a voting threshold must be set, which the bill now requires.
It has been interesting to experience the private bill process and to play a slightly different role from the usual one of a committee member. Generally speaking, I enjoy a bit of controversy, but there has been none of that in the bill. However, it has been interesting.
I agree with the committee’s recommendation that the Scottish Parliament agrees that the bill be passed.15:49
Bill Bowman (North East Scotland) (Con)
In closing on behalf of the committee, I, too, thank my colleagues for their work on the bill so far, and I again thank the Society of Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland’s secretary, Robert Shiels, for showing us around the society’s building at Parliament Square. It was a useful visit and helped to set the context for the position that the society, which has an entirely voluntary membership, now finds itself in.
The Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland Act 1871 forms the statutory constitution for the society. However, one omission from the act was any powers for the society to wind itself up, either because the then members did not foresee a day when the society might not exist, or because they deliberately did not include powers that would allow the society to close down. In 1979, elements of the 1871 act were amended to reflect the changes that had occurred over the previous century, but the issue of the lack of powers was not addressed.
As my colleagues have mentioned, the society’s office bearers were clear from the outset that there is no wish to close the dependents fund or the society in the near future. However, the office bearers have acted prudently by ensuring that, should the bill be passed today, the society’s constitution will now set out the necessary powers to allow it to be wound up.
In the bill’s accompanying documents and in evidence to the committee, the promoter set out a number of alternatives that were considered instead of primary legislation. The promoter’s memorandum notes:
“Under the common law, the doctrine of cy pres would allow trustees to make an application to the Court of Session to have the terms of a public trust varied where the purposes of the trust are or have become impossible to fulfil or have become particularly inappropriate.”
However, due to the nature of the dependents fund, any attempt by the trustees to close the fund or vary the payment of entitlement to lump sums against future entitlements, means that, according to the promoter,
“a cy pres scheme is very unlikely to be approved by the Court.”
The promoter also noted that section 9 of the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1990 gives the sheriff court and the Court of Session powers to
“approve a scheme for the variation or reorganisation of the trust purposes”
in any public trust. However, as with the cy pres scheme, the trustees believed that to be unsuitable for the dependents fund.
The trustees also considered sections 39 and 40 of the Charities and Trustee Investments (Scotland) Act 2005 as a means of providing the required powers but concluded that
“the use of the Fund cannot be said to be dedicated to charitable purposes as such and so it would not seem to qualify”
under the 2005 act.
The bill therefore seeks to modernise the society’s statutory constitution, which is the 1871 act, and its purposes include giving the society powers to wind itself up in the future; creating new types of membership; making new provision to allow members of the society to resign; and abolishing the offices of librarian and fiscal.
One of the other objectives of the bill is to update some aspects of the act’s terminology. Widows fund is being changed to dependents fund and reference to lawful children is being removed. The bill will allow the trustees to pay annuity claims based on cohabitation, depending on the facts and circumstances between the deceased member and the claimant.
As I noted at preliminary stage, the promoter is also removing the offices of librarian and fiscal. The role of fiscal was a historic office for handling matters of discipline, which are now dealt with by the Law Society of Scotland and the Scottish Legal Complaints Commission. The office of librarian is being removed because, although the society will still have a librarian, that person is no longer required to be a qualified solicitor.
As my colleagues have noted, 11 amendments were lodged on behalf of the promoter at the consideration stage. Those amendments improve the bill and strengthen the procedures surrounding the winding up of the society and the dependents fund. I am grateful to the promoter for taking on board the recommendations in our preliminary stage report.
The amendments not yet mentioned by my colleagues include minor and technical amendments, such as ensuring that the 1871 act is consistent in terms of style. One amendment also clarified the type of meeting that a member holding one of the new forms of membership that the bill creates would not be entitled to participate in.
The bill has been fascinating to work on, not least because it has meant that the committee has played a small part in a society that has been in existence for more than two centuries. When the society was formed in 1784, and made a body corporate through a royal charter that was granted in 1797, I doubt that the founding members could have envisaged their society being debated in the Scottish Parliament more than 200 years later. Perhaps we might think of what might be happening here in 2220.
The setting up of the widows fund—now the dependents fund—in 1817 also means that annuities have been paid to the surviving spouses and orphans of the society’s members for more than 200 years.
I agree with the committee’s recommendation that the Scottish Parliament agrees that the bill be passed.
The Deputy Presiding Officer
Thank you, Mr Bowman. That was very succinct. I can confirm that Mr Bowman did not speak for nine minutes—I forgot to restart the clock.
That concludes the final stage of the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland (Amendment) Bill.
3 December 2020
Final vote on the Bill
After the final discussion of the Bill, MSPs vote on whether they think it should become law.
Final vote transcript
The Deputy Presiding Officer (Christine Grahame)
There are four questions to be put as a result of today’s business. The first question is, that motion S5M-23014, in the name of Christine Grahame, on the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland (Amendment) Bill, be agreed to.
As the motion is on a bill, we must move to a vote. I suspend the meeting to allow members to access the digital voting system.17:38 Meeting suspended.
17:44 On resuming—
The Deputy Presiding Officer
I ask that members now vote on motion S5M-23014, please.
Adam, George (Paisley) (SNP)
Adamson, Clare (Motherwell and Wishaw) (SNP)
Allan, Alasdair (Na h-Eileanan an Iar) (SNP)
Arthur, Tom (Renfrewshire South) (SNP)
Baillie, Jackie (Dumbarton) (Lab)
Baker, Claire (Mid Scotland and Fife) (Lab)
Balfour, Jeremy (Lothian) (Con)
Ballantyne, Michelle (South Scotland) (Ind)
Beamish, Claudia (South Scotland) (Lab)
Beattie, Colin (Midlothian North and Musselburgh) (SNP)
Bibby, Neil (West Scotland) (Lab)
Bowman, Bill (North East Scotland) (Con)
Boyack, Sarah (Lothian) (Lab)
Briggs, Miles (Lothian) (Con)
Brown, Keith (Clackmannanshire and Dunblane) (SNP)
Burnett, Alexander (Aberdeenshire West) (Con)
Cameron, Donald (Highlands and Islands) (Con)
Campbell, Aileen (Clydesdale) (SNP)
Carlaw, Jackson (Eastwood) (Con)
Carson, Finlay (Galloway and West Dumfries) (Con)
Coffey, Willie (Kilmarnock and Irvine Valley) (SNP)
Cole-Hamilton, Alex (Edinburgh Western) (LD)
Constance, Angela (Almond Valley) (SNP)
Corry, Maurice (West Scotland) (Con)
Crawford, Bruce (Stirling) (SNP)
Cunningham, Roseanna (Perthshire South and Kinross-shire) (SNP)
Davidson, Ruth (Edinburgh Central) (Con)
Denham, Ash (Edinburgh Eastern) (SNP)
Dey, Graeme (Angus South) (SNP)
Doris, Bob (Glasgow Maryhill and Springburn) (SNP)
Dornan, James (Glasgow Cathcart) (SNP)
Ewing, Annabelle (Cowdenbeath) (SNP)
Ewing, Fergus (Inverness and Nairn) (SNP)
Fabiani, Linda (East Kilbride) (SNP)
Fee, Mary (West Scotland) (Lab)
Findlay, Neil (Lothian) (Lab)
Finnie, John (Highlands and Islands) (Green)
FitzPatrick, Joe (Dundee City West) (SNP)
Forbes, Kate (Skye, Lochaber and Badenoch) (SNP)
Gibson, Kenneth (Cunninghame North) (SNP)
Gilruth, Jenny (Mid Fife and Glenrothes) (SNP)
Golden, Maurice (West Scotland) (Con)
Gougeon, Mairi (Angus North and Mearns) (SNP)
Grant, Rhoda (Highlands and Islands) (Lab)
Gray, Iain (East Lothian) (Lab)
Greene, Jamie (West Scotland) (Con)
Halcro Johnston, Jamie (Highlands and Islands) (Con)
Hamilton, Rachael (Ettrick, Roxburgh and Berwickshire) (Con)
Harper, Emma (South Scotland) (SNP)
Harris, Alison (Central Scotland) (Con)
Harvie, Patrick (Glasgow) (Green)
Haughey, Clare (Rutherglen) (SNP)
Hepburn, Jamie (Cumbernauld and Kilsyth) (SNP)
Johnson, Daniel (Edinburgh Southern) (Lab)
Kelly, James (Glasgow) (Lab)
Kerr, Liam (North East Scotland) (Con)
Kidd, Bill (Glasgow Anniesland) (SNP)
Leonard, Richard (Central Scotland) (Lab)
Lindhurst, Gordon (Lothian) (Con)
Lochhead, Richard (Moray) (SNP)
Lockhart, Dean (Mid Scotland and Fife) (Con)
Lyle, Richard (Uddingston and Bellshill) (SNP)
MacDonald, Angus (Falkirk East) (SNP)
MacDonald, Gordon (Edinburgh Pentlands) (SNP)
Macdonald, Lewis (North East Scotland) (Lab)
MacGregor, Fulton (Coatbridge and Chryston) (SNP)
Mackay, Rona (Strathkelvin and Bearsden) (SNP)
Macpherson, Ben (Edinburgh Northern and Leith) (SNP)
Maguire, Ruth (Cunninghame South) (SNP)
Martin, Gillian (Aberdeenshire East) (SNP)
Mason, John (Glasgow Shettleston) (SNP)
Mason, Tom (North East Scotland) (Con)
Matheson, Michael (Falkirk West) (SNP)
McAlpine, Joan (South Scotland) (SNP)
McArthur, Liam (Orkney Islands) (LD)
McKee, Ivan (Glasgow Provan) (SNP)
McKelvie, Christina (Hamilton, Larkhall and Stonehouse) (SNP)
McMillan, Stuart (Greenock and Inverclyde) (SNP)
McNeill, Pauline (Glasgow) (Lab)
Mitchell, Margaret (Central Scotland) (Con)
Mountain, Edward (Highlands and Islands) (Con)
Mundell, Oliver (Dumfriesshire) (Con)
Neil, Alex (Airdrie and Shotts) (SNP)
Paterson, Gil (Clydebank and Milngavie) (SNP)
Rennie, Willie (North East Fife) (LD)
Robison, Shona (Dundee City East) (SNP)
Ross, Gail (Caithness, Sutherland and Ross) (SNP)
Rumbles, Mike (North East Scotland) (LD)
Ruskell, Mark (Mid Scotland and Fife) (Green)
Russell, Michael (Argyll and Bute) (SNP)
Sarwar, Anas (Glasgow) (Lab)
Scott, John (Ayr) (Con)
Simpson, Graham (Central Scotland) (Con)
Smyth, Colin (South Scotland) (Lab)
Somerville, Shirley-Anne (Dunfermline) (SNP)
Stevenson, Stewart (Banffshire and Buchan Coast) (SNP)
Stewart, Alexander (Mid Scotland and Fife) (Con)
Stewart, David (Highlands and Islands) (Lab)
Stewart, Kevin (Aberdeen Central) (SNP)
Todd, Maree (Highlands and Islands) (SNP)
Tomkins, Adam (Glasgow) (Con)
Torrance, David (Kirkcaldy) (SNP)
Watt, Maureen (Aberdeen South and North Kincardine) (SNP)
Wells, Annie (Glasgow) (Con)
Wheelhouse, Paul (South Scotland) (SNP)
White, Sandra (Glasgow Kelvin) (SNP)
Wightman, Andy (Lothian) (Green)
Wishart, Beatrice (Shetland Islands) (LD)
Yousaf, Humza (Glasgow Pollok) (SNP)
The Deputy Presiding Officer
The result of the division on motion S5M-23014, in the name of Christine Grahame, on the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland (Amendment) Bill, is: For 109, Against 0, Abstentions 0.
Motion agreed to,
That the Parliament agrees that the Solicitors in the Supreme Courts of Scotland (Amendment) Bill be passed.
The Deputy Presiding Officer
The next question is, that motion S5M-23564, in the name of Paul Wheelhouse, on the Heat Networks (Scotland) Bill, be agreed to.
Motion agreed to,
That the Parliament agrees to the general principles of the Heat Networks (Scotland) Bill.
The Deputy Presiding Officer
The next question is, that motion S5M-23140, in the name of Kate Forbes, on the financial resolution on the Heat Networks (Scotland) Bill, be agreed to.
Motion agreed to,
That the Parliament, for the purposes of any Act of the Scottish Parliament resulting from the Heat Networks (Scotland) Bill, agrees to—
(a) any expenditure of a kind referred to in Rule 9.12.3(b) of the Parliament’s Standing Orders arising in consequence of the Act, and
(b) any charge or payment in relation to which Rule 9.12.4 of the Standing Orders applies arising in consequence of the Act.
The Deputy Presiding Officer
I propose to ask a single question on the two Parliamentary Bureau motions, unless any member objects.
As no member objects, the question is, that motions S5M-23574 and S5M-23589, in the name of Graeme Dey, on behalf of the Parliamentary Bureau, be agreed to.
Motions agreed to,
That the Parliament agrees that the following change to committee membership will apply from 7 December 2020—
Neil Bibby to replace Anas Sarwar as a member of the Public Audit and Post-legislative Scrutiny Committee
That the Parliament agrees that—
Gordon MacDonald be appointed to replace Gail Ross as a member of the Local Government and Communities Committee;
Gail Ross be appointed to replace Willie Coffey as a member of the Public Audit and Post-legislative Scrutiny Committee;
Christine Grahame be appointed to replace Annabelle Ewing as a member of the Culture, Tourism, Europe and External Affairs Committee; and
John Mason be appointed to replace Shona Robison as a member of the COVID-19 Committee.Meeting closed at 17:45.
3 December 2020 | <urn:uuid:f8f5cbd2-d34b-439f-a207-4643fa8b73a9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.parlamaid-alba.scot/bills-and-laws/bills/solicitors-in-the-supreme-courts-of-scotland-amendment-bill | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.969066 | 26,768 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Sökning: "temporal infrastructures"
Visar resultat 1 - 5 av 9 avhandlingar innehållade orden temporal infrastructures.
Sammanfattning : Place branding is commonly understood as the application of marketing and commercial ideas, strategies, measurements and logic to the realm of places such as cities, regions and nations. Nevertheless, place branding is also understood as the locus where political activities – imbued with political impact and political effects – appear and affect the soft and hard infrastructures of urban agglomeration and other spatial environments. LÄS MER
2. The Street of Associations : Migration and Infrastructural (Re)Production of Norra Grängesbergsgatan, Malmö
Sammanfattning : As global migration alters the demography of Swedish cities in the postwelfare era, socio-spatial polarisation and discrimination present acute challenges. In recent decades, Malmö has transformed from an industrial into a postindustrial, service economy-oriented city. LÄS MER
Sammanfattning : Increasing global mean temperature influences the hydrologic cycle. In the 21st century, hydrologic change featuring more heavy precipitation events is very likely according to the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC. This change will have a great impact on urban environments and infrastructures. LÄS MER
Sammanfattning : Computing has evolved from isolated machines, providing calculative support of applications, toward communication networks that provide functional support to groups of people and embedded systems. Perhaps, one of the most compelling feature and benefit of computers is their overwhelming computing efficiency. LÄS MER
Sammanfattning : Modern safety-critical real-time systems are becoming more and more complex, due to sophisticated applications such as advanced driving assistance, automated driving, advanced infotainment, and applications involving machine learning and deep learning. This has led to increased requirements for the communication infrastructures. LÄS MER | <urn:uuid:14993589-aeac-47f6-a7e0-d1df08cd313d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.avhandlingar.se/om/temporal+infrastructures/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.881369 | 431 | 2.484375 | 2 |
DUE DATES: _________________ (to be announced)
PURPOSES : To gain skill in creating vertical forms on a potter's wheel. To gain experience with slip decoration.
1. Throw 5 cylindrical vertical vase forms from no more than 2.5 pounds each.
2. None may be saved until you are able to achieve a 6 inch cylinder from 2.5 pounds. The signature of an assistant or instructor is required to permit keeping forms.
3. It must have a bottom in it. No water in bottom. You must be able to place your hand in it and reach bottom.
4. Decorate, trim, and sign 5 before they are dry.
HINTS: Follow procedures suggested in the demonstration and by Colbeck's book. Refer to the instruction sheet or poster for hand positions. Ask for advice if things aren't going well. Have the instructor or assistant watch you do the part which gives you difficulty so that he/she can suggest possible corrections. Almost everyone benefits from some individual tutoring at this point.
While raising the cylinders: PRACTICE PRACTICE PRACTICE
1. Don't begin raising until centering and opening is accurately completed.
2. Open the bottom several inches wide and flatten the inside bottom before raising.
3. Do not let the top opening get larger than you need to insert your left hand for raising. Practice using outside pressure only to bring up a cone shaped cylinder with a top smaller than the bottom.
4. Sit very close and brace arms to body to hold them steady while raising. Depend on your body to keep yourself steady, not just your arms, hands and fingers.
6. When you get near the top, always release the inside (left hand) first while the right hand stays steady to even out the top before slowly moving sideways to take the outside hand away (never slide up off the top).
7. When it gets a wobble, wet it and straighten by using a raising motion without raising it. Keep your forearms clamped to your body very close and steady. Don't try to raise it - just straighten it.
8. If the top is uneven, practice trimming with needle. Brace your right arm on the pan of the wheel. Place your left index finger against the inside of the top rim. Lay the side of the needle against the side of the clay cylinder and move it against the bracing finger in the cylinder.
9. With a stick or ruler, measure the height after each raise to see if you are pressing enough to make a difference. Be assertive enough to raise it without tearing it off.
10. When it falls or twists always use the wire to cut it in half to see what you can learn before smashing it.
1. Proportions. Pay attention to size relationship. How tall is it related to how high it is?
2. Consider an important top rim. A rim can make the form look like you intended it to be whatever it is instead of simply running out of clay at the top. A top rim can make it confident looking.
3. Consider design lines. Design lines are well defined edges and changes in contour. A form with definite changes in contour may look more intentional and less accidental - if that is the feeling you are after.
4. Make the decoration relate to the
form in ways which enhance the form. Consider repetition and expressiveness.
Use symbols or abstract marks. Consider the size and shapes of the blanks
areas just as much as areas you fill in. | <urn:uuid:153aa02e-be6f-4a44-96d6-8affcfe9a082> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.goshen.edu/art/DeptPgs/assign2.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.917608 | 748 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Local fish dealers and online coral shops sell these beautiful Zoanthids. Most Zoanthus species look the same, so they ca n’t be identified by their physical appearance. Coral traders and marine aquarists assign telling names to the large variety of Zoanthus species in order to identify a particular specimen. The stocking lists of importers and coral shops often include these fancy variety names, as well as the majority of saltwater enthusiasts are more familiar with them. We decided to list the different varieties of Zoanthid under their common fancy names. Zoanthid corals are easy to care for and are often recommended as beginner corals. They get most of their daily nutrition from their symbiotic Zooxanthellae, but they also absorb dissolved organic matter from the water column. They also eat captured plankton. Zoanthid polyps do not need to be fed directly, but will benefit from occasional feedings with finely chopped frozen foods, zooplankton or dust food, which will help them thrive. They are more tolerant to less optimal water parameters and lightning conditions. Strong currents directly directed towards the colonies may cause the polyps to stay closed, as Zoanthus species are able to cope with moderate as well as with high and turbulent flows. Zoanthus species will grow fast under proper water and lightning conditions. The genera Palythoa and Protopalythoa are highly toxic for humans. Palytoxin is one of the most toxic organic substances in the world. When Palythoa species are forcibly removed, it can become a real danger for the reefkeeper. There is no known case of a serious intoxication caused by a Zoanthus species, which is why the species is generally considered to be harmless. Since it is difficult for the average hobbyist to distinguish Zoanthus, Palythoa and Protopalythoa species, you should always handle Zoanthid species with care. When touching or removing them from your tank, you should wear protective gloves and goggles, wash your hands thoroughly, and avoid eye contact. Anthozoa is a subclass of Zoantharia and is part of the Zoanthidae family. | <urn:uuid:14f25db0-c4bf-4f3b-82cc-d9cd46064327> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shopdothang.com/sunflower-zoa-1658025015/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.948892 | 444 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Search results1 – 5 of 5
In an effort to explain the growth stagnation that hampered the United States in the period from the mid-1970s to the mid-1990s, mainstream economists unwittingly and…
In an effort to explain the growth stagnation that hampered the United States in the period from the mid-1970s to the mid-1990s, mainstream economists unwittingly and incompletely reinvented the concept of unproductive labor that is rooted in classical and Marxian economics. The price to pay for having ignored this concept had been unexplained economic events, inappropriate policy, and relative national economic decline. The mainstream economists' attempt to adopt this concept came at a cost to their theoretical core. The abandonment of the concept came at a cost to the real economy represented by the financial crisis of 2008.
This paper describes the successful application of reflective learning journals to promote critical self‐awareness and improve both individual and team performance among…
This paper describes the successful application of reflective learning journals to promote critical self‐awareness and improve both individual and team performance among members in 11 management undergraduate teams conducting management research projects. Qualitative analyses of the journals revealed several major themes; for example, management skills development, leadership, team communications, stresses of team work, and individual versus team work. Analyses of the journaling evaluation data showed that participants found journaling a useful learning tool. Recommendations are presented for those interested in using reflective learning journals to improve individual and team performance.
The emergence and maturation of the social sciences is an important component of the expansion of institutions of higher learning in the 20th century. The discipline of Political Economy, increasingly institutionalized in various Canadian universities in the early decades of the century, secured a Chair at the University of Manitoba in 1909. After 1914, its title became “Political Economy and Political Science” and the department subsequently served “as the great mother department to which were attached newer social science disciplines until it was deemed appropriate to let them launch out on their own” (Pentland, 1977, p. 3). Political Science became independent in 1948, Geography in 1951, and Sociology and Anthropology in 1962 (p. 4). Agricultural Economics, which was taught in the Manitoba Agricultural College, became its own department when the college joined the university in 1924. In the 1930s, Agricultural Economics was absorbed into Department of Political Economy. However, according to Pentland (pp. 4–5) it was not until the late 1940s that agricultural economics became a significant “sub-department.” It subsequently separated itself from Political Economy and, in 1954, became an independent department in the Faculty of Agriculture (p. 5). The result of these disciplinary developments was that the faculty of the Department of Political Economy had, from time to time, members whose expertise lay outside the increasingly well-defined terrain of economics. Despite this, however, they did not seem to have any long-lasting direct impact on shaping and defining the curricula in Economics. Since these other disciplines left and became independent when they had reached a certain size or degree of influence, Economics was left to define and pursue its own agenda unencumbered by the needs of these former associates.
The lack of critical thinking in new graduates has been a concern to the nursing profession. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an innovative…
The lack of critical thinking in new graduates has been a concern to the nursing profession. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an innovative, evidence-based skills fair intervention on nursing students' achievements and perceptions of critical thinking skills development.
The explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed for this study.
The findings indicated participants perceived the intervention as a strategy for developing critical thinking.
The study provides educators helpful information in planning their own teaching practice in educating students. | <urn:uuid:adaafb38-9cc7-4796-8f70-a53ac132be44> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.emerald.com/insight/search?q=Robert%20Chernomas | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.963591 | 803 | 2.53125 | 3 |
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