text stringlengths 160 608k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 2
values | url stringlengths 13 2.97k | file_path stringlengths 125 140 | language stringclasses 1
value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 48 145k | score float64 1.5 5 | int_score int64 2 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In the last decade, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has moved from a strong focus on mitigation to increasingly address adaptation. Climate change is no longer simply about reducing emissions, but also about enabling countries to deal with its impacts. Yet, most studies of the climate regime have focused on the evolution of mitigation governance and overlooked the increasing number of adaptation-related decisions and initiatives.
Nina has examined emerging global adaptation governance. In a co-authored European Journal of International Relations article with Asa Persson they identify the body of rules and commitments on adaptation and find that there are more attempts to govern adaptation than many mitigation-focused accounts of the international climate regime would suggest. The paper then asks: to what degree are adaptation rules and commitments legalized in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change? Their analysis finds that adaptation governance is low in precision and obligation.
In a special issue of the Journal of International Environmental Agreements on climate finance Nina has examined global adaptation financing. She argues that states have not precisely defined adaptation, and that this is substantially due to epistemic ambiguity not just strategic ambiguity. She then identifies two consequences of epistemic ambiguity: a proliferation of activities labelled as adaptation, and difficulties tracking and monitoring adaptation assistance. This work highlights the need for scholars to study adaptation governance within the climate regime. She has also examined how climate change became an international issue, thanks to growing political and scientific consensus.
Hall, Nina and Asa Persson, “Global Adaptation Governance: Why isn’t it legally binding?”, European Journal of International Relations, published on-line September 2016, Climate finance
Hall, Nina, ‘What is Adaptation to Climate Change? Epistemic Ambiguity in the Climate Finance System’, Special Issue on Climate Finance, Journal of International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics. 17(1), 2017. 37-53.
Hall, Nina. ‘The Institutionalisation of Climate Change in Global Politics’, Chapter 4 in Environment, Climate Change and International Relations, E-International Relations Journal, April 2016, 60 – 75. | <urn:uuid:3381fc94-0a6a-459a-8c4d-124bce29c5d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ninahall.net/research/globalclimate/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.927753 | 434 | 2.125 | 2 |
It’s Nantucket’s party, and they can ban helium balloons if they want to.
Residents of the island this week voted to prohibit the use of the floating party favors, a measure supporters said would protect marine animals who often mistake the deflated balloons for food.
But though the measure passed handily at Tuesday’s Town Meeting, many think it goes too far in service of a goal that could have been achieved through education about responsible use and disposal.
To those in the town’s small party industry, the debate mirrored the national discussion over how to prevent gun violence.
“Guns don’t kill people; it’s the people using the guns,” said Bobby “The Balloon Wizard” Lamb, a children’s entertainer who makes balloon animals at party functions.
“Personally, it’s not going to affect me a lot, because I’m a balloon twister and I don’t use helium,” Lamb said, adding that his art relies on biodegradable balloons. “But I think it’s extreme. I feel really bad for other businesses.”
The amended town bylaw, passed by a count of 314-103, means people will no longer be able to sell or use any type of balloon that can be inflated with “lighter-than-air gas,” such as helium. The measure covers plastic, latex, and Mylar balloons.
If visitors import balloons to Nantucket, they will have to toss them in a plastic trash bag and bring them to the town landfill.
Nantucket Town Clerk Catherine Flanagan Stover said a violation of the law would lead to a $50 fine. She did not know who would enforce the ban, but the town is working on materials to inform the public and vacationers about the rules.
Before it takes effect, the measure needs the approval of the state attorney general’s office. That’s routine procedure for any bylaw change made at a Massachusetts town meeting.
The proposal divided residents at a discussion Tuesday night, which marked the second day of Nantucket’s annual Town Meeting.
Scott Leonard, director of operations at the Nantucket Marine Mammal Conservation Program, worked on the proposal for two years.
Leonard said stray balloons may seem like they’ve floated away for good, but descend to the ground when they deflate. Marine animals, including birds, turtles and fish, sometimes eat balloons they’ve mistaken for food.
“This will help maintain a healthy ecosystem,” said Leonard. “It’s an easy behavior to fix, and we have fixed it here.”
Sarah Oktay, a Nantucket environmental advocate, said she and her colleagues pick up thousands of balloons every year.
“They’re just annoying. There are other ways to celebrate,” said Oktay, who is co-captain of Nantucket’s Clean Team, which combs beaches for debris on select Saturdays.
“We are on the frontline of balloon cleanup,” she added.
Both Leonard and Oktay said Nantucket could set a precedent for other cities and towns. That’s important for Nantucket, because a lot of trash floats to the island from Cape Cod. Nantucket also has a ban on polystyrene foam and single-use plastic bags.
“We act as a final resting place.” Oktay said.
Brian Glowacki, a lifetime Nantucket resident who voted against the new law at Town Meeting, said he agreed with the goals, but they could have been achieved more simply.
He argued that the town should educate people about the proper way to dispose of helium-filled balloons, rather than putting an end to their use.
“I think their heart was in the right place ... but a ban on balloons is going a little crazy,” said Glowacki. “I didn’t think it would ever pass.” | <urn:uuid:fb311a8c-5d53-4884-b2f7-a2f81634ab8d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/04/08/nantucket-passes-ban-helium-balloons/ZlEln0iyw8937EofU1INQN/story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.954722 | 866 | 1.804688 | 2 |
In 1956, when he was just 25 years old, Warren Buffett formed Buffett Partnership, Ltd. In 1968 the Buffett Partnership returned 58.8% - Buffett's best year ever.Read More
You have more investing control than you may think! Read more to discover what you can control when it comes to investing.
Just as you can learn to grow plants, you can learn personal finance, too. Read more to find out some tips about financial planning.
Ever wondered what's the connection between Warren Buffett, Lebron James and the Cleveland Cavs? Here's all you need to know!
Do you understand the potential tax cost of Roth IRA conversions? Read more to learn about tax increases that may come with your conversion.
Want to approach investing lke a business? Benjamin Graham pointed out four business principles that should also be applied to investing.
Insurance renewal time can be a great opportunity to reduce your costs. We saved 20% on our renewals this year. Read more to find out how.
Even if you have adopted a value investing strategy, there is a risk associated with your investment. Read what Warren Buffet has to say about the risk to handle it more efficiently.
Why should investors rebalance their portfolios? What is the danger of not doing so? What are the advantages? Read on to find out!
What is margin of safety? The concept of "margin of safety" - which originates from Ben Graham's earliest teachings - is a core tenet of value investing. But what is "margin of safety"?
A great financial plan takes into account your own personal money mindset. Read more to discover how to do so for yourself.
Does the Warren Buffet stocks portfolio inspires you to make big money in the share market? Here is what he has to say about seizing the big opportunities.
What is value investing? It's a simple question and it has a very simple answer. But before I get to what value investing is, let me first clear up some confusion and explain what value investing isn't.
Charlie Munger, the Right Hand Man of Warren Buffet, has been long considered as the source of wisdom and wit. | <urn:uuid:049c3527-68bf-4516-8c92-c89babb28ad6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://finmasters.com/blog/page/31/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.949088 | 442 | 1.742188 | 2 |
What is the particularity of YeeCo’s full sharding scheme?
Friends who are familiar with the YeeCo white paper should know that YeeCo also uses sharding technology in terms of performance improvement, but unlike the general sharding scheme, YeeCo uses a “full-sharding” architecture, which is the biggest difference between YeeCo and other sharding projects. Before YeeCo MainNet release, let’s review the full sharding scheme and its particularity.
YeeCo’s full sharding scheme
First, let’s review the basic information of the full sharding scheme: YeeCo’s full sharding architecture divides the four workloads: network workload, transaction execution, state storage, and data storage are divided into four workloads, while other sharding solutions generally only focus on one or a few In terms of segmentation, such as network sharding, transaction sharding, and state sharding, the development difficulty of the three is a progressive relationship. State sharding can greatly solve the performance problems of decentralized systems.
However, state sharding does not solve all the problems: as the blockchain network storage resources increase, the node network will run slower and slower. In addition, the completeness of sharding and segmentation is also critical. If the sharding is not thorough, each node needs to maintain the state of the entire network account book and update the status of each transaction. The network performance cannot be effectively improved.
Therefore, YeeCo took data storage into consideration during the design process, and segmented network communication (network sharding), transaction execution (transaction sharding), state storage (state sharding), and data storage (storage sharding), which constituted full-sharding architecture.
According to YeeCo’s design: the number of shards is limited to the k-th power of 2, that is n=2^k, only k bits are needed to represent n different shards, and the last K bits of the transaction sender’s address will be used as the basis to divide the address into corresponding shards, and a series of operations related to the transaction, verification, storage, etc. are also divided into corresponding fragments, to avoid data interaction and mutual influence on different fragments. At the same time, a series of operations such as transaction, verification, and storage involved in the transaction are divided into corresponding shards, which avoids data interaction and mutual influence on different shards.
In other words, the full-sharding architecture can ensure that the working mode of each shard is completely consistent with the existing single-chain system. Each shard can independently complete synchronization transactions, verification transactions, packaging blocks, synchronization blocks, etc., effectively achieving isolation between shards. At the same time, the full-shard technology architecture also ensures that the throughput of the YeeCo network can grow exponentially as the number of shards grows.
For example, suppose the number of shards is 1 and the throughput is N; when the number of shards is 2, the throughput is 2*N; when the number of shards is 4, the throughput becomes 4*N. The number of shards will be decided by the miners and recorded in the block header.
The sharding solution will inevitably encounter two problems: cross-chain transactions and sharding security issues. Below we will detail YeeCo’s thinking in these two issues.
YeeCo’s cross-chain transactions
From a technical perspective, a cross-shard transaction is essentially a cross-chain transaction. A transaction is split into two processes. The first process checks and reduces the balance in one chain, and the second process increases the balance in the other chain to ensure that the two processes are an atomic operation.
A common atomic operation is to achieve two chains to synchronize blocks, so that the success of the block means that the two processes succeed at the same time, and the failure of the block means that the two processes fail at the same time, thereby achieving atomicity. However, this method will introduce the synchronization mechanism of the two partitions, thus reducing the independence of the partitions and increasing the performance overhead related to the number of shards.
To this end, YeeCo introduced the CRFG (Conditional Reward Finality Gadget) to establish absolute certainty for PoW consensus, so that cross-shard transactions can be split into independently verifiable sub-transactions, avoiding the performance cost related to the number of shards brought by lock mechanism.
As can be seen from the above, the YeeCo main network will be divided into different shards according to the address information. We assume that two addresses on the 0th shard and the 2nd shard need to generate a transfer transaction. First, the address on the 0th shard is packed and the balance is deducted, but the balance is not directly added to the address of the 2nd shard; instead, a relay transaction containing the transfer information is generated, and broadcasted on the 2nd shard and finally confirm the increase in balance.
That is to say, if the first process of the cross-shard transaction has been included in the block but the final certainty has not been reached, the second process cannot complete the deterministic SPV verification and will not be included in the block. The balance increase operation of the second process is in unconfirmed status, cannot be spent. If the first process of a cross-shard transaction rolls back, the transaction of the second process is invalid. If the first process of a cross-shard transaction reaches finality, the second The process can complete deterministic SPV verification, package transactions, and the balance increase operation is in a confirmed state and can be spent.
YeeCo’s sharding security
Normally, in a blockchain system with n sharding, the power of each shard is only one-nth of the total network. A malicious node can exploit a 51/n% of the entire network to attack a shard, thus making the entire network ineffective. This is the so-called 1% attack problem. In order to effectively resist such risks, YeeCo introduced the design of parallel mining.
The plan is summarized as follows, the hashrate involved in parallel mining construct blocks of multiple chains, and construct the block heads of these blocks into a Merkle tree, then detect the nonce and calculate the hash, once the hash meets the difficulty of a certain chain. The requirement is to complete a new block packaging for this chain. This new block contains the previously constructed block of this chain, and the block header is Merkle Proof in the block header Merkle tree. Thus, the include proof of the block transaction is provided.
In a general sharding environment, one hashrate can only be applied to one sharding. Now, by parallel mining, one hashrate can be applied to all sharding, so that the difficulty of each sharding chain will be pushed up and the whole network hashrate will be all digging the same level on a chain. Therefore, it is guaranteed that as long as the hashrate of the malicious node does not exceed 51% of the entire network, it is impossible to attack any sharding. Moreover, all of YeeCo’s sharding chains support parallel mining.
It should be noted that parallel mining is not joint mining. The former is to “amplify” the effective computing power and increase the attack cost of a single shard to prevent the computing power from focusing on a specific shard. The latter is to borrow the chain of large computing power to ensure the safety of the chain of small computing power.
Parallel mining can not only “magnify” the effective computing power, but also enlarge the block rewards that can be obtained by the unit of physical computing power. With the same physical computing power and the same energy consumption, the more shards are divided, the more rewards will be obtained, which will naturally encourage miners to participate in YeeCo network mining.
YeeCo’s “full-sharding” architecture not only solves the performance problem of the blockchain network, but also considers the data storage problem, and prepares a complete solution in advance. At the same time, in terms of cross-shard transactions and security, the CRFG scheme and parallel mining are introduced to effectively solve the various problems faced in the development of shard projects, laying a technical foundation for the landing of the scene.
To know more about YeeCo:
Visit official website: yeeco.io
YeeCo Testnet: https://testnet.yeescan.org
YeeCo block chain explorer: https://pocnet.yeescan.org
POCNET Web Wallet: https://pocnet.yeescan.org/create-wallet
YeeCo Blockchain Technical WhitePaper V0.2: | <urn:uuid:0b502339-6e74-49f6-8fff-69471c84bb6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://yeefoundation.medium.com/what-is-the-particularity-of-yeecos-full-sharding-scheme-4d23023263da?source=post_internal_links---------3---------------------------- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.929794 | 1,872 | 1.804688 | 2 |
March and April are busy months for school districts that bring complexity, challenging the leaders to stay focused. For Tukwila School District it is extremely busy as we continue to take stock of the direction of the district and further refine and align district goals and actions with our vision, mission, and values and belief statements for improving student learning. After getting the district off to a good start, it turned its attention to reviewing the current strategic plan and its goals and objectives with 75 district and community stakeholders during the month of December, 2017. In February 2018, the school board and interim superintendent came together for a two-day retreat to analyze the information from the first meeting with stakeholders to draft a new statement of vision, mission, and values and beliefs.
During the month of March, a subgroup of the 75 stakeholders and alignment teams from each of the district schools further refined the work that was completed in previous meetings. The teams will come together again in April to move forward to develop goal statements and actions that will inform our work in the district for next year and beyond. The teams will have the opportunity to align their goals and actions based on the new Washington School Improvement Framework. This new Framework identifies how district schools are measured based on the Every Student Succeeds Act, which replaced the No Child Left Behind Act. Indicators for measuring continuous improvement will be based on: (a) ELA and Math Proficiency, (b) ELA and Math Growth, (c) Graduation, (d) English Learner Progress, (e) Regular attendance, (f) Ninth graders on track and, (g) Dual credit. For more information about the Framework, visit the Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction’s site. For individual district and school report cards click here. Building principals will be on hand to discuss the new School Improvement Framework with the community and families. Watch for principal communications this month to families.
Important to aligning the goals and actions for student achievement with its vision and mission is the development of the four-year budget that represents the district’s priorities expressed in numbers. While this is a major undertaking that occurs at the same time as program planning, it does not supersede it.
As simple as it may seem that the majority of funding should be dedicated to student learning in the district, it is surprising how easy it is to lose sight of this principle when developing and managing a budget. For this reason, the Tukwila School District has formed a district spending/budget advisory committee that meets the second and fourth Thursday from 5 to 7 p.m. in the Showalter Middle School library until June to review budgets and budget requests to see how each fits into the aspect of student achievement improvement. School buildings and department leaders have the opportunity to share detailed descriptions that show how their budget priorities impact student learning. The meetings are open to the public and we encourage you to attend.
The district continues to appreciate voters’ passing of the $99 million bond in February 2016. The first three projects paid for by bond proceeds have been completed this month and an open house is scheduled for the public on Wednesday, May 23. The public will have the opportunity to tour the new transportation office, located at the district’s bus barn, the Education Service Center located in the newly renovated Foster Library and Cascade View Elementary School. More details regarding the open house will be available in the May issue of the Tukwila Reporter, on the district’s website and its Facebook page. The digital reader board at Foster High School will also display more information closer to the date of the event. Please mark your calendar.
The month of April is extremely busy for our students as they take state assessments to validate their knowledge and skills of the core academic standards in reading and math. Some students are completing college applications and/or waiting for their acceptance letters and financial aid notifications from postsecondary education institutions, some students are firming up work experience opportunities for summer and beyond, and others are involved in end of the year activities such as sporting events, plays, choir events, club activities and more. While these are milestones and mostly joyful events for our students, we ask that you encourage students to get the proper rest and nutrition they need to be highly functioning during this stressful time of the year. As adults and caregivers, let’s be understanding and mindful of the social and emotional well-being of our students and assist them when they need it the most.
Thank you for caring and supporting Tukwila School District. I wish you well and please reach out to me if you have any questions, concerns, or want more information about the district. I may be reached by email or by phone at email@example.com or 206-901- 8037. | <urn:uuid:f7436c28-b053-428d-9686-af42f9110231> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tukwilareporter.com/opinion/the-past-months-have-been-busy-but-important/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.956156 | 977 | 2.25 | 2 |
A visiting Pale Swallowtail Butterfly
Yesterday afternoon we were honored to have a Pale Swallowtail Papilio eurymedon spend a while resting on a blackberry leaf above the patio.
These butterflies are quite impressive in size, and are ever so graceful as they soar in the breeze.
This one could be a female because it is pale yellow. The males tend to be a white-cream color.
The orange and blue markings near the tail are very striking.
The host plants for these butterflies include coffeeberry and ceanothus.
I'd like to think that our Ray Hartman ceanothus shrub is a host for these butterflies, but I rarely see Pale Swallowtails here and have never noticed their larvae on the shrub.
There is only one brood per year, and they can be seen from March through August.
They usually prefer the stream beds and hilltops of chaparrals and canyons. | <urn:uuid:4b724227-b5fd-4b49-9ea9-63249fd7c53f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.beesinthebaybreeze.com/single-post/2019/07/01/a-visiting-pale-swallowtail-butterfly | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.962474 | 196 | 1.960938 | 2 |
The case for rescinding the Digital Security Act
They were both active, conscientious, thinking citizens. Both were passionate about social issues, and were gifted—one had a penchant for writing, the other for drawing cartoons. Both were tech-savvy and loved sharing their views on social media, banding together to set up a digital platform proudly titled "I am Bangladeshi". Both were under the belief that as citizens of a democratic country, they were relatively free to express their views and had the protection of the constitution and the law. Unfortunately, as events would reveal, they were both sadly mistaken on that count. When the time came, the facade of protection crumbled. One had to pay the ultimate price, as his soul, yearning for freedom, sneaked out of the prison van; the other now languishes in severe bodily pain, mourning his comrade who promised him company to see the Everest after "they get out and get fit".
Within months of the infamous Kajol episode, the Mushtaq Ahmed and Kishore Kabir tragedies have unleashed citizens' fury against the Digital Security Act (DSA). Every freedom-loving citizen has rallied behind the call for rescinding the DSA. Termed as the "killer Act", "an archaic legislation" and "a medieval law", critics have argued that it cannot exist in a democratic polity as it blocks people's voices. The mixing of the concepts of "criticism of government" and "sedition", and interchangeable use of terms like "anti-government" and "anti-state" in the Act's application, is evidence enough that it was framed not in the interests of the people/state, but of those in command of the state apparatus. Litmus papers have turned red in all three cases (Kajol, Mushtaq and Kishore) with regard to the efficacy of the law.
The DSA substantively curtails freedoms of expression, thought and the media. With its vague provisions, the law was open to abuse from the very beginning. It targeted free thinkers, journalists and dissenting voices. Not surprisingly, it was enacted only months before the 2018 elections. The law was framed without consultation with major stakeholders. Those involved in the drafting of the law refused to take into account the inputs of those who were likely to be most affected by its application. In response to the widespread condemnation about the draconian contents and broad sweep of the law, the umpteen numbers of ministerial promises to amend it and introduce Rules to clarify the ambiguities have remained undelivered. The non-bailable provisions have made the law inherently unfair. As Barrister Jyotirmoy Barua, counsel for both Mushtaq and Kishore, observed, it deprives the accused of the opportunity to put up a legal fight that s/he generally enjoys and "there is no scope for the accused to get justice".
The Bangladesh police headquarters has reported that in the first five months alone of 2020, 403 cases were filed and 353 arrests were made under the Act. No further information was made available for the subsequent seven-month period.
A detailed analysis of 197 cases of 2020 by Prothom Alo found that most of the cases were filed for "making adverse remarks" (kotukti), "defamation", "sharing distorted images", "spreading rumours" and "conspiracy against the state". In 80 percent of instances, the plaintiff was either leaders or activists of the ruling party or police. Of the 197 cases, 88 were filed by Awami League MPs, union council chairs and activists of youth, student and volunteer wings of the ruling party, and 70 more were filed by the police. Journalists were the principal targets.
The investigation further revealed that the news items for which journalists were charged included theft of relief goods, criticism of Covid-19 treatment arrangements, criticism of actions of local MPs and public representatives, and land/property grabbing by the locally powerful. Some cases were filed for updating Facebook statuses on current topics, and criticisms of MPs and local government representatives. Of the 197 cases, as many as 48 were filed for allegedly publishing false news against MPs, public representatives and ruling party activists; 40 for objectionable posting against Bangabandhu, the president, prime minister and other important persons of the state, and 30 for passing adverse remarks against religion, hurting religious sentiments and spreading communal hatred.
The tenuous nature of the charges is evident from the following figures. In the last seven years, of the 2,682 cases filed at the Dhaka Cyber Tribunal—the only competent court to try cases under the ICT Act and DSA—990 were disposed of up to September 2020. Of those, more than 400 were disposed of after the final report. In many cases, the accused were exonerated as there was not enough evidence to support the charges. In merely 25 cases, the state was able to prove the charges. Of these, 24 were filed under the ICT Act and only one under the DSA.
Thus, there is little doubt that instead of providing redress to the aggrieved, the DSA has come in as a handy tool to suppress those who may hold contra views or dare to question and expose the wrongdoings of those who hold power. The fact that most of the provisions are made non-bailable means that the accused may have to endure incarceration for prolonged periods, even before s/he is found guilty. It therefore provides some quarters, who do not wish to be accountable and be questioned for their deeds, an opportunity to abuse the law. This provision of the law is contrary to the tenets of the rule of law and human rights. As rights lawyer Jyotirmoy Barua further states "any application (of such an inherently flawed law), itself is a misapplication".
A brief examination of Mushtaq and Kishore's cases would reveal the extent of the misapplication of the law and the propensity of law enforcers to circumvent the rule of law.
Firstly, in his interview with The Daily Star within hours of his release, Kishore alleged that he was picked up by 17 plainclothesmen, some brandishing weapons, without any warrant or identity documents. This is a violation of the law and High Court order.
Secondly, Kishore was picked up an hour before Iftaar on May 2, 2020 and produced before the magistrate on May 6. The concerned agency claimed that he was picked up at 2:30 am on May 5 and thus within the time-frame allowed under the law. In reality, if one goes by Kishore's statement about the timing of his arrest, one has to surmise that he was involuntarily disappeared during the interim days.
Thirdly, Kishore alleges that members of law enforcement agencies tried to plant red tablets and a gun among his stack of books, presumably to implicate him for possession of drugs and firearms. If true, this begs the question among ordinary citizens—in their stride to prove the innocent guilty on behalf of certain quarters, have the law enforcement agencies jettisoned their much-cherished professionalism, and moral and legal codes?
Fourthly, even though, like writer Mushtaq, cartoonist Kishore had no past record of engaging in violence, neither did he pose any threat to society; he was denied bail on six previous occasions by the magistrate. Mushtaq was denied bail seven times. Is securing bail not a right for every citizen? Isn't it unlawful to put someone in detention for ten months in the pre-trial stage (under jail code, it would be deemed as one year) before being proven guilty?
Fifth, under the law, the investigation report in Mushtaq's case was due in 60 days, that is, on July 20, 2020, but it was submitted on January 11, 2021, after 10 months. The investigating officer failed to secure permission for delayed submission (for a maximum of 105 days) from the concerned authorities. Both Mushtaq and Kishore were in custody for 270 days each. Is this not a gross breach of the law?
Sixth, on the final day of Kishore's court appearance, the police asked for another round of remand. Asking for remand after submission of the charge sheet without producing fresh evidence, and without presenting the accused before the court, is not in accordance with the law and judicial practice.
The above points clearly illustrate that in apprehending and prosecuting both Mushtaq and Kishore under the DSA, members of law enforcement agencies committed a number of irregularities, some of which amount to severe breaches of the law itself. The tragic death of Mushtaq and the violent treatment that was meted out to Kishore must influence those at the helm of the state to acknowledge that the DSA is not a pro-people law, and does not in any way serve the interests of the state.
There has been outrage at the death of Mushtaq and Kishore's treatment in custody. Demands have been raised to rescind the DSA. Careful and well thought-out amendments of a few provisions of the ICT Act would be enough to address the concerns of digital safety, of the citizens and the state. Thus, one hopes the government will pay heed to these calls to scrap the DSA. The golden jubilee of Bangladesh's independence provides a perfect opportunity to make a declaration to that effect and renew the compact between the government and the people.
The name of Mushtaq's Lalmatia residence is Parampara (from generation to generation). There is little doubt that the torch of liberty that Mushtaq so ardently upheld with his colleague Kishore, and gave his life for, will continue to inspire new generations of Bangladeshis to stand up for their rights and freedoms.
C R Abrar is an academic with interest in migration and human rights issues. He is the Chair of the Bangladesh Civil Society for Migrants. | <urn:uuid:4b45b264-d554-45f9-9925-cbb35a110b1d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/news/the-case-rescinding-the-digital-security-act-2055997 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.976903 | 2,040 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Federal agency supports more condo mortgages
WASHINGTON — The Federal Housing Administration is changing regulations to make it easier for more first-time condo buyers to receive mortgages.
The federal agency released new guidelines Wednesday for the types of mortgages it will insure at condominiums. Just 6.5% of the 150,000 condominium developments in the United States were previously eligible for FHA-backed mortgages. But the FHA will start backing mortgages for individual units and will have greater flexibility to react to changes in market conditions.
Brian Montgomery, the FHA commissioner and acting deputy secretary of the Housing and Urban Development Department, said the changes would make it easier for first-time buyers, retirees and minorities to become homeowners. Unlike conventional mortgages that require 20% down, the FHA backs loans that require 3.5% down payments.
As regulations tightened after the housing crash, the number of FHA mortgages for condos fell from 72,900 in 2010 to 16,200 last year. The rule change is expected to increase the number of FHA mortgages for condos by 20,000 to 60,000 units.
Wider availability of mortgages could increase construction by 7,000 condos, according to an analysis last year by HUD.
It's unclear just how much the expansion could increase the U.S. home ownership rate, as prices have risen faster than incomes and the inventory of homes on the market have been below historical averages. | <urn:uuid:16cedbf8-63a0-4b5e-8ffe-89f6e7f1edcb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.heraldtribune.com/story/business/2019/08/14/federal-agency-supports-more-condo-mortgages/4466851007/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.952293 | 287 | 1.546875 | 2 |
By: Michael Crooks
For the first time in 11 years, interest rates increased. Last week, the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) pushed the cash rate up by 25 basis points to 35 basis points. This means that most home loans will rise by .25 per cent per year.
The decision came after it was revealed that the Australian inflation rate was 5.1 per cent – much higher than expected (although, still lower than in most advanced economies of the world).
“The board judged that now was the right time to begin withdrawing some of the extraordinary monetary support that was put in place to help the Australian economy during the pandemic,” RBA Governor Philip Lowe said in a statement.
“The economy has proven to be resilient and inflation has picked up more quickly, and to a higher level, than was expected.”
Mr Lowe also said that there was evidence that wages growth was “picking up” in Australia.
“Given this, and the very low level of interest rates, it is appropriate to start the process of normalising monetary conditions,” Mr Lowe said.
So what does that mean for Australians?
In the wake of the announcement, all four of Australia’s “big banks” (ANZ, Commonwealth, NAB and Westpac) passed on the increase to their mortgage clients. This means that at various days this month (depending on your bank), mortgage repayments will go up.
For an average mortgage of $500,000 (with 25 years of payments remaining) an extra $65 will need to be paid per month.
“We are here to help customers who have loans and are considering how repayments might change,” a Commonwealth Bank spokesperson said.
“Some options available to help our customers manage repayments include fixing or splitting loans or setting up an offset account.”
According to the RBA and experts, the rate rises won’t stop there.
“Rates will continue to rise for some time,” UNSW Business School Professor Peter Swan said.
“Many home buyers paying record prices for properties may have limited capacity to withstand high-interest rates with their repayments.”
Still, the current rate is nowhere near as high as it was in the 90s. Professor Swan pointed out that back then, when Australia was in recession, rates exceeded 25 per cent. In comparison, NAB’s standard variable home loan will be 4.77 per cent after the rise.
“Hopefully, these exceeding high rates will not return,” he said.
But Nomura Australia senior economist Andrew Ticehurst told News Corp that he expected there to be a rise each month, so that by Christmas the base rate could be at 2 per cent.
But the RBA is not flagging any such drastic response (yet).
“The board will continue to closely monitor the incoming information and evolving balance of risks as it determines the timing and extent of future interest rate increases,” Mr Lowe said.
Through rate rises, the RBA hopes to bring inflation down, and normalise the economy.
“The board is committed to doing what is necessary to ensure that inflation in Australia returns to target over time,” Mr Lowe said.
By raising interest rates, the RBA expects inflation to drop back towards the target range of 2 to 3 per cent this year.
While many Australians are about to feel the pinch, there are thousands who will benefit from rate rises, including those with investment accounts, and those saving for a deposit to buy their first home.
Westpac announced it would increase its interest rates for “selected consumer deposit accounts” by 0.25 per cent.
Other banks are expected to follow.
Article supplied with thanks to Hope Media. | <urn:uuid:40b7de54-3944-421f-a3bd-7d1ddff147df> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://929voice.fm/home-loans-and-rate-hike-pain-it-will-rise-for-some-time/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.9647 | 807 | 1.765625 | 2 |
by NG MIN SHEN & ASILA JALIL/ pic by BLOOMBERG
THE proposal to merge four Malaysian development financial institutions (DFIs) is a good idea but will be difficult to implement, as potential job losses and Bumiputera narratives may impede the process.
During the recent tabling of Budget 2020, Finance Minister Lim Guan Eng said Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) is proposing a two-phase restructuring plan to strengthen the country’s development finance ecosystem.
The plan entails forming a new financial institution by merging Bank Pembangunan Malaysia Bhd (BPMB), Danajamin Nasional Bhd, Small Medium Enterprise Development Bank Malaysia Bhd (SME Bank) and the Export-Import Bank of Malaysia Bhd (Exim Bank).
An industry expert said the merger would provide better economies of scale, with more focus on programme financing for small SMEs.
“Politically, however, it can be quite difficult since job functions will overlap, deciding on job cuts very hard to implement. From a commercial standpoint, they should have been merged a long time ago, but Bumiputera/Malay narratives are the main stumbling block,” he told The Malaysian Reserve (TMR) under condition of anonymity.
BPMB came under fire last year due to allegations that it gave loans to politically connected parties while being remiss in its lending practices.
Its chairman Datuk Zaiton Mohd Hassan — appointed in February 2019 to “clean up” the country’s oldest and largest development bank — has pledged to do just that while balancing BPMB’s developmental role without sacrificing prudential standards.
Malaysian Institute of Economic Research economist Dr Ahmad Fauzi Puasa said the merger would be good for the country’s overall development but requires a detailed layout on how the banks would function together.
Besides overlapping of tasks, the merged entity also needs to overcome problems regarding the various segments that each bank specialises in.
“Each bank has a market. The merging of four DFIs would make the overall institution bigger but they should be careful about the decisions they would be making to improve operations.
“There need to be a layout of their strategy and it has to align with what’s needed (within the banks),” he told TMR.
The institution would also need to expand its functions if it plans to retain all staff, Ahmad Fauzi added.
Details on the proposed merger remain scarce as neither the government nor BNM has revealed any further information since Budget 2020 announcement.
Meanwhile, Socio-Economic Research Centre ED Lee Heng Guie said the DFIs would be more efficient as a merged entity, as the central bank would have considered the optimisation of resources and increased efficiency of the workforce.
“In any merger, there will be some adjustments in terms of overlapping and rationalisation of the workforce,” he said.
However, there are concerns among sectors on their access to funding, should the merger materialise.
“Currently, each institution has a niche market with specialised services to suit specific sectors. There is concern among small groups and companies that the merger would deny their access to getting the help they need from these DFIs.
“They worry about the merger — will there be rationalisation of the landing facility,” Lee said.
It is still too early to gauge the impact of the merger to individuals or sectors involved with each separate bank, Lee added, but important aspects such as the welfare of those involved would have been considered by the banks.
BPMB has lauded the proposed merger as a “positive development” which will lead to greater synergies benefitting all stakeholders. The proposal will also fulfil the needs of the new economy, it said in a statement following the announcement in the budget.
Based on the banks’ 2018 annual reports, BPMB was the largest, with total assets of RM24.73 billion as at end2018. Exim Bank had total assets of RM11.99 billion, followed by SME Bank (RM9.83 billion) and Danajamin (RM2.75 billion). | <urn:uuid:0298d178-d4d8-4214-8a09-8d442c786081> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://themalaysianreserve.com/2019/10/21/dfi-merger-a-good-idea-but-tough-to-implement/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.959257 | 868 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Fatal Bacteria Leaves Hudson Valley Pet Owners On Alert
Let's face it, our pets make our lives better on a daily basis. At times, we wonder what we would do without them. They make us laugh, smile, and ultimately, show us unconditional love.
More than ever, we are adopting these loving fur babies and pet owners would agree that it's the best decision that was ever made.
Growing up, I always had cats and dogs which allowed me to become more of an animal lover over the years. I also volunteered my time with a local humane society and I'm so thankful that I did.
Not only did I adopt my cat Katie from there, but helped with making sure the cats had what they needed. It was my job to make sure they had proper care, were given love and attention and at times, were adopted out to the best fur-ever homes.
Life is better with a pet or two.
Since our pets have become our entire world, what wouldn't we do for them? Pet owners understand the feeling of giving them everything. However, it's also our job as their caretakers to make sure that they are safe, protected, and healthy.
There are many ways that Hudson Valley pet owners can care for their furbabies.
When outdoors, be sure to never leave your pet unattended. During the warmer months, we may feel that it's okay to let our pets run free. However, it's crucial to make sure that you see them, know their whereabouts, and never let them out of your sight. With the recent wildlife spottings, it's important to keep them close by.
Hudson Valley pet owners should avoid this dangerous plant.
This dangerous plant can leave owners with blisters and burns. It is unknown what will happen to animals that interact with it. However, be sure to keep your pets away from water containing fatal bacteria this summer.
Keep your pets away from these bodies of water in the Hudson Valley.
On a hot, summer day, it only feels right to jump into a pool, lake, or body of water to cool off. Our dogs may also enjoy this even more than us.
When was the last time that you checked the water before your pet jumped in?
This bacteria can be harmful to us but more so, to our animals. Cyanobacterial blooms can be found in the Hudson Valley and should be AVOIDED.
This can also be known as blue-green algae. However, cyanobacterial blooms are ultimately organisms that are found in water and can be commonly found in freshwater. This consists of streams, lakes, rivers, and other bodies of water.
This type of bacteria in water can be fatal to animals.
This bacteria can produce a toxin that can be toxic to animals. If ingested, it can cause the animal to get sick and could cause death. The time frame would consist of hours to days later. It's unknown and best to avoid bodies of water that may contain this.
However, residents are confused about how to identify this bacteria in the water. Just by appearance, it's hard to detect if the water has cyanobacterial blooms in it.
There are signs to be on the lookout for before heading into any body of water.
Be on the lookout for any foam on or around the water's surface. Also, if there are mats around and streaks in the water, it's best to leave it alone.
If the water has different colors, once again, avoid it at all costs. There's also a chance that the bloom can smell similar to dying or rotting plants. This bacteria can bloom at any time but it's more likely to happen during the warm, summer days.
When in doubt, avoid water that looks like not only for your pet's safety but for yours as well.
Where is your favorite place to take your dog swimming? Share with us below. Be safe this summer and have fun! | <urn:uuid:da633ff1-d912-47c2-b2c0-91ed1ebaac49> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hudsonvalleycountry.com/fatal-bacteria-pets-hudson-valley/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.978938 | 816 | 2.171875 | 2 |
The BMEWS system design, development, management, and implementation was contracted by the United States Air Force in 1958 to Radio Corporation of America (RCA), with headquarters for the BMEWS project at RCA’s Missile and Surface Radar Division at Moorestown, N.J.
The Moorestown site was where RCA developed their radar programmes and the first ever BMEWS prototype tracker radar AN/FPS -49 and radome were installed. Locally, (as was the case with RAF Fylingdales) it became known as “The Golf Ball”, visible from New Jersey Turnpike one of the busiest highways in America.
Today the Moorestown, N.J site is owned and run by defence contractor Lockheed Martin, the BMEWS radar no longer exists.
The contract for the operations of the three BMEWS sites was also RCA, specifically RCA Service Company, with headquarters at Cherry Hill, N.J., and project office at Riverton, N.J.
Today the contract for operations at RAF Fylingdales is held by SERCO, the company originated from RCA Service Company, in 1987 RCA underwent a management buyout and the company renamed as SERCO (service company).
Fylingdales Archive holds material from RCA Missile and Surface Radar Division, Moorestown, N.J. including black and white photos, documents and operating manuals. And SERCO staff collections of images, company magazines and administration documents. | <urn:uuid:e7b7e892-a988-4b4e-a366-404289a48fa9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fylingdalesarchive.org.uk/blog/moorestown-new-jersey/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.959672 | 309 | 1.84375 | 2 |
The head of the Iranian Central Bank, Abdolnaser Hemmati, said that his country and the Bashar al-Assad regime were heading towards a license to establish a joint bank that will be based in the Syrian capital.
On Tuesday, Hemmati added in statements on Instagram that the bank would lead the banking brokering relationship between the two countries.
Since last November, US sanctions that have prevented Iranian banks from using the SWIFT system to conduct transfers in dollars across the world.
The Central Bank and licensed banking institutions in Iran suffer from an inability to store foreign currency, which has reinvigorated the parallel (black) market.
Hemmati continued, “Based on the agreement with the head of the Syrian Central Bank, the central banks of both sides will begin banking exchange based on the national currencies of the two countries and provide the ability to use banking cards between Tehran and Damascus.”
On Monday evening, the Bashar al-Assad regime signed a “long-term” economic cooperation agreement that included a number of sectors, most prominently oil, electricity, agriculture, and the banking sector, in another sign of Iran’s growing dominance over the Syrian economy.
The Assad regime Prime Minister, Imad Khamis, described the deal as, “a truly historic stage of a new, developed and qualitative cooperation, compared to what came before.”
The agreements which Khamis discussed included the inauguration of, “two important ports in Tartous and in part of the Lattakia port, as well as laying the foundation for an electricity plant with a power capacity of 540 megawatts… and dozens of projects in the oil sector, the agricultural development sector, and building oil storage.”
They also agreed to establish a “joint chamber of commerce” between Iran and the Assad regime, as well as another agreement to open a permanent showroom for Iranian goods in Syria.
Khamis said that the Assad regime was serious about giving major facilitations to Iran in the private and public sector, to help them invest in Syria and for “true and effective reconstruction.” He added that there were legislative facilitations, “administrative measures, as well as the executive process,” that would be offered to the Iranians.
This article was translated and edited by The Syrian Observer. Responsibility for the information and views set out in this article lies entirely with the author. | <urn:uuid:e72ea302-3cee-45cf-8c6f-35754f0cfa71> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://syrianobserver.com/features/48307/iran-and-assad-to-create-a-joint-bank-based-in-damascus.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.969671 | 508 | 1.625 | 2 |
NEMM – National Electric Mobility Mission, this was started in 2013 for promoting Electric Energy and Promoting Green Fuel.
To promote electric mobility in the country NMEM aims for a cumulative fuel saving of about 9500 million litres. This results in reduction of pollution and greenhouse gas emission of 2 million tonnes with targeted market penetration of 6-7 million vehicles by 2020
FAME – Faster Adaptation and Manufacturing Of Electric Vehicles in India.
Aim And Features –
- Implemented over a period of 6 years, till 2020
- It is intended to support the hybrid/electric vehicles market development and its manufacturing eco-system to achieve self-sustenance at the end of the stipulated periodThe scheme is one of the green initiatives of the Government of India.
- It will be one of the biggest contributors in reducing pollution from road transport sector in near future
- The scheme has 4 focus areas i.e. Technology Development, Demand Creation, Pilot Projects and Charging Infrastructure
In short Both FAME AND NEMA are both meant for promoting the Electric Energy. | <urn:uuid:e23f6bcc-c36f-4dcd-80c2-89b67d983e54> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.baatpateki.com/whats-is-nmem-fame/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.91556 | 221 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Famous for its stand-up collar and buttons up to the neck, the Nehru jacket has an interesting and culturally complex history. Besides its iconic silhouette, the Nehru jacket has also come to be associated with minimalist style — a movement that started in the early 60s with a group of artists in NYC. The “Less is more” philosophy is clearly reflected in the clean, uncluttered lines of the jacket, worn without a tie and with only the most unassuming of shirts (collarless or even an inconspicuous t-shirt).
The look is best achieved in a neutral color palette, like beige, black, and navys. For example, a beige Nehru jacket with a barely-visible white shirt atop trousers in the same tone or a shade or two lighter. Cut, of course, to fit like a glove. This is a favorite for weddings. On the other hand, opting for a contrast jacket with trousers can provide more creative license to the adventurous dresser. In silk, tweed, or vibrant colors or patterns, this type of Nehru jacket can serve as a tasteful eye-catcher when paired with understated trousers.
Like so many menswear staples, the double-breasted jacket’s origins began in the military. In the late 19th century, naval pea coats inspired a new civilian style for casual outings, like tennis and country affairs. At the time, it was considered inappropriate for the office. The design was eventually adapted into a more formal piece – championed in part by the Prince of Wales (later known as the Duke of Windsor). By the 30s and 40s it was a business-formal look and the uniform of Wall Street bankers. Though different styles of tailoring have enjoyed popularity over the years, it remains a favorite for the office.
These days, the jacket sits close to the body with shoulders that are tailored yet natural and soft. It’s a distinctive look and when fitted well can be very flattering. There are many ways to wear it. A double-breasted suit with a 6×2 button construction works well for the office – usually in traditional solid or stripe with a tie. For smart-casual, you can lose the tie and pair with different trousers, mixing solids with classic patterns or chinos.
You might know the morning coat as a cutaway or simply as tails. Today this longline coat is the height of formality, a far cry from its origins. It can be traced back to the late 19th century frock coat. The morning coat’s knee-length design was adapted for horse riding. Instead of straight front edges, the coat curves back into an elegant sweep to free the rider’s knees. The younger generation quickly adopted it as a contemporary alternative. When the stylish Edward VIII reached the throne in 1936, one of his first actions was to abolish the traditional frock coat from court dress in favour of the morning coat.
Although the coat’s heyday continued into the ’50s, these days it’s reserved for formal occasions. True to its name, it’s still only really appropriate for day time (we’re talking before 6pm) events. The modern morning coat is single-breasted, usually in a peak lapel and worn with a contrast waistcoat. Black is the classic color, typically paired with charcoal stripe trousers. That said, it’s not uncommon to see men (and especially grooms) these days play with grays, navy and other neutral hues with monochromatic styling.
The waistcoat or vest came about in the West in the 17th century, inspired by designs seen in Persia and India. It became a permanent fixture when King Charles II decreed it part of a proper Englishman’s dress. These waistcoats were much longer and more elaborate – think bright colors and intricate embroidery – than what you see now. Over time, the style grew more subdued and around the 19th century, it became more of an undergarment to streamline the figure – shorter and tighter. Not long after, legend says King Edward VII started the trend to leave the bottom button undone to accommodate his belly – a tradition still alive and kicking today. The waistcoat stayed a well-loved part of men’s wardrobes, doubling as a way to keep warm throughout the austerity of the Great Depression and Second World War.
Single or double-breasted, with collar or without, there are many ways to wear a waistcoat. Today, it’s most commonly the essential element of the three-piece suit. You can even wear it more casually with your favorite jeans or, for a complete 180 from its formal roots, with a t-shirt.
The safari jacket is a versatile piece of menswear. As the name suggests, it was originally designed for wear while hunting in the African savanna. The British Army soon introduced the style while stationed in South Africa, at a time when soldiers required fabrics that beat the heat – lightweight, breathable materials like cotton drill. The jacket was designed in utility-inspired hues like khaki or sand, with large pockets, two on the chest and waist. These iconic pockets were used for carrying necessities like bullets, knives, and perhaps a cigar. The style was later adopted by civilians traveling across Africa and featured in films on Hollywood’s leading men.
Today, the style is available in a range of modern colors and designs. Equal parts polished and practical, the lightweight jacket still works as well in the city as the bush. Wearable as a heavier shirt, light layer, or summer jacket, this style has become a much-loved staple for the modern workplace and weekend wear.
You couldn’t be blamed for assuming this style was first developed for the sport of polo. But in actual fact, the polo that we know today was born from a different sport – tennis. Back in the 1920s, tennis players used to wear the same white sports shirt with a button-down collar popular in polo when the all-time great, René Lacoste, kicked up some dust. He traded in his tennis uniform, which had long been a long-sleeved Oxford shirt, wool trousers and even a tie for a completely new, short-sleeved shirt with a simple, flat collar and a shortened 3-button closure. The shirt was also made from an innovative piqué knit (a stretchy cotton fabric) – a huge leap in comfort and movement. Any other player may not have gotten away with such a controversial move. It didn’t take long for this new design to become a hit, both on and off the field.
Today the shirt style hasn’t strayed too far from its classic design and has now inspired modern woolen knitwear versions like this one, with long and short sleeves enjoying equal popularity. Dressier than a tee but less formal than your office button-up, the polo knit strikes a sweet spot that allows for optimum versatility.
Unlike its v-neck cousin, whose name is an obvious reference to form, the crew neck and its origins aren’t as immediately apparent. A flush, rounded and relatively high cut neck – it is actually said to have initially been worn by members of a ship or boat crew, hence its name. While some reports point to fishermen, some to the military and others to athletes as the first to wear this style, the effortless functionality of the neckline is the undisputed logic behind its invention. Comfortable and pragmatic, the crew neck has a ribbed neckline to help maintain its shape after being pulled over the head.
Nowadays, the crew neck cut is considered to be an extremely neutral look, likely explaining its status as one of the most popular styles. Flat and therefore easy to use as a layering piece, a crew neck knit can be worn year-round. Alone or with only an undershirt in the warmer months, or on top of your button-up and beneath a jacket when the temperature drops or a dressier look is desired.
Zipper was conceived as a moniker for the sound made by the slider as it runs along the teeth. The name was actually coined years after the zipper’s initial invention in the early 1920s, after a few less inspiring options like “separable fastener”. In the decade that followed, the zipper came to be used on leather jackets, then on children’s clothing to encourage self-reliance, and eventually as a welcome alternative to the button fly on men’s trousers. Today, the zipper is the world’s most common type of fastener thanks to its quick and uncomplicated functionality.
Our full-zip style features an open two-way zipper: allowing the top to be pulled down and the bottom to be raised to create more room at the hips or to better mirror the line of a top layer, such as a jacket. With its ease of use, the full zip is arguably the most practical style of knitwear, and it’s half-zip counterpart a pragmatic cross between the mock neck (when zipped) and polo (unzipped). Both slightly more casual than their buttoned equivalents, and equally capable of walking the line between laid-back and sharp.
Said to be based on a knitted woolen military vest that became popular in the wake of the Crimean War, the front-buttoned knitwear we know today was named after its most infamous wartime wearer: the 7th Earl of Cardigan (a historic county in Wales). While originally sleeveless, a long-sleeved version soon emerged and eventually became the standard. Having long been associated with golf, university life, and fishermen, Kurt Cobain essentially rebranded the look when he wore an oversized mohair cardigan during Nirvana’s 1993 appearance on MTV Unplugged: you can’t put the cardigan in a box.
Although the cardigan has since seen many advancements and incarnations over the years, affected in no small part by the evolution of industrial knitting machines, its main appeal has long been agreed upon: you don’t have to put it on over your head. An ideal warm-to-cold transition piece, perfect for layering, or as a back-up in unpredictable weather. Sometimes worn as a more casual version of the waistcoat and often in combination with a button-up shirt, tie and/or tailored jacket.
Few necklines conjure up a range of associations as wide as that of the turtleneck. Made rebellious and artsy by beatnik counter culture, collegiate by preppy fraternity brothers, and smart by masterminds like Carl Sagan and Steve Jobs – the turtleneck can cover a lot of territory. Although the silhouette is said to date back to Elizabethan and even some medieval styles, the modern turtleneck is more directly related to the functional garb of 19th-century fishermen and other naval workers. Clearly, it’s almost chin-high, folded-down neckline is skilled at keeping you warm when the weather is not. For this reason, the style has also been worn by polo players since the 19th century, which explains its alias ‘polo neck’ in the UK.
These days, the turtleneck is still loved as a stand-alone top and for its ability to elegantly replace the shirt and tie beneath your jacket. Some men have even started to wear it as a modern twist under their tux or dinner jacket. However you wear it — tucked in or out, as formal or leisure wear, to the office or out with friends — the turtle neck combines effortless sophistication with practical comfort and warmth.
A shorter version of the turtleneck, the mock neck offers a similar look with two notable differences: it reaches high on the neck, but not quite as high as the turtle and without folding down. Consequently, the mock neck is slightly less warm and less perceptible to the wearer, making it the perfect alternative for those who want the look of a turtleneck with a more open feel.
Seen on stars such as John Lennon and Tiger Woods, the mock neck can go from nonchalant to smart casual to office alternative simply by adding or removing your jacket and your choice of shoes. It’s ideal as a base layer underneath an overshirt, and for brisk or transitional weather.
Clean cut and generally in line with the slim-fit aesthetic of the 21st century, the flat-front trouser boasts a “plain” front, sans pleats below the waistband. It’s been around since the full-length trouser beat out its knee-length predecessor (the breeches) in the early 1800s. That said, the popularity of the flat front has waxed and waned since. For example, in more recent history, the flat front largely took a backseat to the pleated trouser in the 1980s, but came back to dominate the menswear landscape for a while in the early 2000s. Now they share the mantle.
Usually worn a little lower than the pleated version, the flat-front trouser offers a straight, modern, and no-frills silhouette. Naturally, this means its fit becomes the main focus, making the tailoring all the more crucial (also in terms of comfort). The silhouette of a well-fitting flat front usually provides all body types with the most slender look possible.
When pursuing a specific look or feel, pleats (or a lack thereof) are a modest but meaningful piece of the puzzle. Referring to one or more small folds stitched in place at the waistband on the front of each leg, the pleated trouser first gained in noticeable popularity around the mid 1920s. While the pleat may still evoke a hint of the debonair style made iconic by 1930s and 40s classic Hollywood, and the likes of Fred Astaire and Cary Grant, the design option itself is a neutral choice with a variety of elements to consider.
Pleats help visually extend and preserve the line of a front crease, or offer a hint of one if no crease is present. They’re generally a flattering silhouette for any body type. People may also prefer the feel of a pleated trouser thanks to its slightly looser, more relaxed fit — which makes for something sartorial yet exceedingly comfortable. And, last but of course not least, the pleat can simply provide some much-welcome variety to an otherwise well-rounded wardrobe.
Eventually adopted on a wide scale thanks to its superior comfort and practicality, the chino made its first appearance on British soldiers during their occupation of India in the mid-19th century. Service demanded a camouflaged look, the tropics demanded breathability, and so soldiers’ uniforms were replaced with trousers made of lightweight cotton, dyed in the then-original color of khaki – derived from the word for ‘dirt/dust colored’ in Hindi. According to one theory, when American soldiers returned home from the Spanish-American war of 1898 a few decades later, they brought the trousers with them.
Jumping forward about 50 years, the chino was becoming an increasingly visible part of civilian dress. In fact, it was initially something of a fashion statement on Ivy League campuses, helping to explain the preppy associations they still have today. Clean cut, durable, and made from breathable cotton, the chino has since gone on to achieve the rank of menswear staple. Polished and refined or cool but collected — today, its sensibility is entirely up to you.
The history of the 5-pocket trouser begins with the invention of jeans. In the decades after the original patent wore off, jeans evolved from pure workhorse to the fashionable 5-pocket style that may now be the most universally loved of all pants. What’s the deal with that fifth pocket? While you may have heard it called a coin pocket before, this detail was first added to securely hold a pocket watch (a common possession of late 19th-century workers). Surprisingly, it wasn’t actually the fifth pocket to be added: jeans initially had only three pockets — two front and one on the back right — then came the watch pocket in the late 1800s and, finally, a fifth pocket on the back left in 1901.
Today, 5-pocket pants can be seen as the uniquely adaptable child of jeans and chinos: combining the more casual fifth pocket and durable metal rivets with the refined look of cotton twill in a wide variety of colors. With sneakers and a hoodie for your weekend adventures, or a collared shirt and tailored jacket for smart-casual affairs.
In the mid 1800s, the California gold rush attracted a wealth of new settlers, including miners and businessmen eager to meet their needs. Among them was a Bavarian-born seller of dry goods — Levi Strauss, perhaps you’ve heard of him — and (about two decades later) his Latvian-born tailor in crime, Joseph W. Davis. Jeans as we know them today were made official by the pair’s 1873 patent on a new, more durable type of pocket: reinforced by copper rivets hammered onto the corners. Strauss imported a sturdy cotton twill from Nimes, France (de Nîmes in French became “denim”) and colored them blue with indigo dye from Genoa (bleu de Genes became “blue jeans”). Virtually eliminating the Achilles heel of work pants, this new, long-lasting design soon became a bestseller.
Initially worn exclusively for physical labor and, amusingly, called ‘waist overalls’ until about 1960, jeans eventually evolved from workhorse to rebellious fashion item (hats off to Marlon Brando and James Dean) to, eventually, essential wardrobe staple, now available in stretch or rigid and a huge range of washes.
From the time denim was first invented up until the mid-20th century, all denim was selvedge denim — the word being textile jargon for the cloth’s “self edges,” produced as the fabric is woven on vintage shuttle looms. Simply put, selvedge jeans have these neatly finished edges on the outseam of each pant leg, recognizable by white edges with a colorful thread. Back when one mill was responsible for producing the denim for all your favorite brands, the colored thread helped the mill distinguish who the denim was for – the levis and wranglers all had their own color. Roll up the leg on your jeans and check the seams on the outside to see if you’re wearing selvedge denim or its contemporary counterpart.
So, why wear selvedge jeans? First, they’re a nod to tradition — well-loved by enthusiasts the world over. Second, they’re a mark of exceptional quality — made only by premium denim mills with an eye for detail. And third, this method creates a slightly less uniform, less “perfect” result — for those who agree character is a good thing. Now available in a whole range of qualities, including raw or washed, rigid or stretch.
Buttoned shirts first appeared in Europe around the 17th century, originally designed as a kind of underwear to protect expensive waistcoats and frock coats from sweat and soil. Less than a century later, they had transformed into garments in their own right. England paved the way, with friends of the Regency and dandies sporting well-styled linen. As white shirts soil so easily, manual workers found it impractical to own them. Only those considered to be gentlemen could afford to keep them clean and so they became a symbol of status. As laundry techniques improved, buttoned shirts did become more popular among the masses but remained a staple of ‘white-collar’ middle-class men.
The collared shirt has since expanded far beyond white, coming in a wide array of colors and designs. A classic white button-up is still perfect for formal or work attire. Solid colors, stripes, and other prints can be paired with chinos or drawstring pant styles for something more smart-casual. Or you can even play with more fabrics like linen and flannel to make it even more relaxed.
As the name suggests, this stiff, short collar has tips that stand up and point out horizontally resembling wings. It was the natural evolution of the Gladstone collar, named after the prime minister of England, William Gladstone. This dramatic version inspired a more subtle (yet still heavily starched) version that became particularly popular during the early 1900’s and part of the everyday dress of men in the Edwardian era.
Though the collar slowly lost popularity due to the rise of more comfortable options, the classic winged collar is still often preferred for formal and ceremonial events. The design allows your choice of bow tie to stand out, making this the perfect black-or-white-tie dress shirt. Today, it tends to be crafted in either classic white or black, plain or with a pleated ‘bib’ to be worn with a traditional tuxedo and, of course, a bow tie. When styling, don’t forget to tuck the collar points behind your bow-tie for the most sophisticated look. | <urn:uuid:7e38d6e3-eaa8-40db-a894-2635da04e51d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ateliermunro.com/traditions/products/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.958173 | 4,430 | 2.03125 | 2 |
by Thomas P. Healy
Waiting for Congress to act is fraught with more uncertainty than wondering when the next bus will arrive.
Transit advocates struggle to remain optimistic that Congress will fully fund federal capital investment grant programs embedded in the stalled 2017 appropriations bill.
Unless Congress passes a budget that contains authorization for the allocation of the funds, IndyGo won’t have access to the $75 million Small Starts Grant it was awarded in 2016.
Instead of passing a budget in 2016, Congress relied on a series of continuing resolutions to maintain federal government operations. The current resolution expires April 28, but there’s pressure on Congress beyond that.
The Trump administration called for deep cuts to transit grant programs when it issued recommendations for the 2018 budget in early March. What concerned transit officials and advocates around the country was the administration’s suggestion that it wanted Congress to enact the cuts in the 2017 budget now under discussion.
According to Steve Davis, communications director for Transportation for America (T4A), a Washington, D.C.–based multi-modal advocacy group, if Congress agrees with the President and chooses not to allocate funds, “Indy would be at the front of a line that would no longer be moving. That would be a huge setback.”
Losing out on a $75 million check from the federal government hampers speedy implementation of projects like the Red Line, Davis said. “It’s about being able to work with cash in hand as opposed to being dependent on future revenues to bond against.”
Indy isn’t alone. Davis said the Red Line is one of eight transit projects nationwide in municipalities that have already set aside a share of local funds and were recommended by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) for funding in 2017. By T4A’s reckoning, nearly 40 additional projects nationally are in various stages of development. All are jeopardized by proposed funding cuts.
“The administration doesn’t see transit as a good use of federal monies,” Davis said. His organization disagrees. Davis points to a 2015 peer-reviewed report, National Study of BRT Development Outcomes, [PDF] that found bus rapid transit (BRT) corridors exhibited multiple economic benefits: increased new office and multi-family apartment construction and a positive shift in higher wage job growth.
“A fiscal analysis we conducted for Indianapolis showed substantial benefits in terms of municipal revenues and costs if future development could be attracted to areas around their new bus rapid transit stations,” added Chris Zimmerman, vice president for economic development at Smart Growth America.
All agree that the administration and members of Congress need to hear from constituents. “Tell them that we kicked in our money—we’re not looking for a handout,” Davis said. “We’re counting on support from the federal government to help make it happen.”
Davis expressed confidence in local community leaders to help Indy stay competitive and find a way forward through the current impasse.
One of those leaders is the Indy Chamber. Mark Fisher, vice president of government relations and policy development for the organization, joined chamber president and CEO Michael Huber and IndyGo president Mike Terry on a trip to the nation’s capital in early April to advocate for transit funding. “We’ve been in communication with the FTA and the Indiana congressional delegation, and there’s a strong recognition that these are very popular grant programs,” Fisher said.
“It’s really encouraging that we as a community have stepped up and created a dedicated revenue stream to fund transit,” he added. “We need a strong partner at the federal level.”
Fisher was one of several local leaders who signed on to a March 31 letter [PDF] circulated by T4A to House and Senate appropriators, urging full funding for transit initiatives. The letter reads in part, “Both the TIGER and Capital Investment Grants programs . . . provide unique, cost-effective, and innovative solutions that leverage private, state, and local investment to solve complex transportation opportunities and spur economic development.” Indianapolis has benefitted from two previous TIGER grants: one for the Cultural Trail and another for the Downtown Transit Center.
Despite uncertainty over the availability of federal funds for the Red Line project, IndyGo continues to fine-tune its implementation of the Marion County Transit Plan. “We can build out the plan without the federal funds,” said Lauren Day, IndyGo’s marketing and communications manager, during a series of public open houses about the Red Line in March. “It will just take longer.”
While that means more buses, more often, earlier and later, without federal funds it could also mean fewer supporting infrastructure improvements. The Red Line project is confined to the immediate BRT corridor right-of-way. “IndyGo is not working on sidewalks a block away,” Day said. Nevertheless, those sidewalks—along with side street, alley, and drainage improvements—help improve access to transit and make it more attractive.
IndyGo acknowledges that fact, Day said, but recognizes that “infrastructure improvements outside of the transit lines will be much more difficult to make happen without federal money.”
IndyGo’s partners in the City—the Department of Public Works, the Department of Metropolitan Development, and the mayor’s office—continue to look for other federal funding sources, such as Safe Routes to School, to pay for infrastructure enhancements.
While the nation’s first electric BRT line is the focus, IndyGo’s overarching goal is to provide improved transit service for the community. “Dedicated funds from the referendum will build out the entire plan, not just the Red Line,” Day said. “Local route improvements will be phased in as we build out the rapid transit lines. It’s not one or the other.”
That means the people who voted to fund increased frequency seven days a week will benefit from the phased-in approach. Day said, “The plan the public helped us create is still going to happen.” | <urn:uuid:f09dd5c5-4132-4ce9-b035-e7ecf8aedeeb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.indymidtownmagazine.com/transit-plan-shifts-gears-keeps-moving/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.950873 | 1,285 | 1.796875 | 2 |
- Date: November 3, 2002
- Type: Television Episode
The 13th Treehouse of Horror episode, consisting of three self-contained segments. Send in the Clones – Homer buys a hammock that can produce clones of himself. He creates numerous clones to help him around the house, but they soon overrun Springfield. The Fright to Creep and Scare Harms – Lisa petitions the town to get rid of their firearms after discovering the gravestone of a young man named William Bonney who died from gun violence. However, Lisa soon discovers that William Bonney is the real name of Western outlaw Billy the Kid, whose ghost, along with the ghosts of other infamous criminals, takes over the defenseless town. The Island of Dr. Hibbert – Dr. Hibbert invites the citizens of Springfield to his island resort, where he turns them into animals. | <urn:uuid:ac4c6a16-92d1-4ba7-8236-a4520f36683d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.popisms.com/TelevisionEpisode/31314/Treehouse-of-Horror-XI-The-Simpsons-Season-12-2000?rnid=31296 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.95856 | 174 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Backpack Project - CANCELLED due to Coronavirus health concerns
In cooperation with Oakland Schools Homeless Student Education Program and Jewish family Service, backpacks filled with age-appropriate school supplies are annually provided for students. The backpacks help to alleviate one bit of stress for the students and their families, as they begin their school year with the necessary supplies to succeed. In addition, vouchers to our council re|sale shop for back to school clothing, are provided to families in need.
Volunteers of all ages set up for the event and fill the backpacks with school supplies. The event takes place annually during the summer. | <urn:uuid:e0446f2f-2529-4d20-8dbf-68b42b5b3c95> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ncjwmi.org/backpack-project/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.966416 | 130 | 1.75 | 2 |
The Preston Arts Council is a small arts group making a difference. Supports community programs, school arts and music programs, and scholarships for high school students.
The Preston Area Arts Council supports artists and programs that provide quality arts experiences for people of all ages, interests, and abilities.
Since it’s beginning in 2006, the Preston Area Arts Council has worked to establish cooperative relationships with other area non-profits and to support the local schools with arts event fundraising and scholarship awards in recognition of outstanding high school student achievement in the arts.
History of the Preston Area Arts Council:
In 2004 Preston’s resident sculptor, retired engineer Benjamin (Ben) Love, had a dream, “a build it and they will come” kind of dream. Ben envisioned a beautiful sculpture park winding along the Root River and the bicycle trail in Preston, a park created to enrich our quality of life and attract more visitors to our area. He talked with friends, community leaders, local and county officials, and he visited with artists in Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin to promote and garner support for his idea.
One of Preston’s all-time greatest promoters, former Mayor Richard (Dick) Nelson, saw great possibilities in Ben’s sculpture park idea. Dick thought the park’s success depended upon establishing a local mechanism that could help develop the park idea into a concrete plan and project proposal. He began promoting a local Preston Area Arts Council as that mechanism. In the spring of 2005 Dick held two public meetings that addressed the arts needs in Preston and the creation of an arts council. A local steering committee was formed to organize the council and the members of that committee included Preston residents, Father Francis Galles, Benjamin Love, Richard Nelson, and part-time resident Kay Spangler. Sadly in the fall of 2005 Dick Nelson passed away suddenly and in early 2006 Ben Love suffered a debilitating stroke that left him in need of institutional care for several months and ultimately resulted in his death.
In the Spring of 2006 Father Galles and Kay Spangler invited interested Preston residents to attend an Arts Council organizational meeting. At that meeting a volunteer Board of Directors was appointed and in September 2007 the Preston Area Arts Council celebrated its first year as a Minnesota non-profit organization. The charter arts council board members included Eric Corson, Tara Corson, Father Francis Galles, Sally Gibson, Amy Luhmann, Erik Paulson, LaVerne Paulson, Dr. Robert Sauer, Joe Schladweiler, Mariella TerBeest-Schladweiler, and Kay Spangler.
At a Preston town meeting held in August, 2006, a community project proposal to create and build a 30 ft. tall metal trout sculpture became one of two winning proposals to receive funding from the SE Minnesota Initiative Foundation. The dream of both Ben Love and Dick Nelson remain alive and well in 2011.
Goals and Objectives:
The Preston Area Arts Council works to broaden public and private support for the arts; to assist arts organizations and artists through funding and consulting; to serve as a local resource for arts information and education; to encourage communication and cooperation among area arts groups, the schools, non-profit organizations, and local and county government units; and to promote the arts as a vehicle for community and area economic development and tourism.
The Arts Council sells Gyotaku, trout printed designs on t-shirts. Each printing is an original by Arts Council members. T-shirts are $10 each.
PO Box 317, Preston, Minnesota 55965
Newsletter; special notices and invitations for sponsored activities; opportunities to participate in any programs at reduced cost; an annual membership meeting held for the purpose of education, entertainment, and enhancing the interest of the membership.
- Individual – $15
- Household – $30
- Friend – $50
- Lifetime – $100
- Sustaining – $200 | <urn:uuid:ffc789ff-23d2-4045-aa40-123d8112338c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.prestonmnchamber.com/live/preston-arts-council/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.94484 | 813 | 1.585938 | 2 |
For its entire history, the Saudi state has been wedded to an austere and stringent form of Islam known as Wahhabism, and has used its wealth and influence to disseminate it among Muslim communities the world over. In doing so, Riyadh did much to abet the rise of radical Islam in the 20th century. The kingdom began to shift gears in 2003, after it became a victim of jihadist terror. But greater changes have come since the reforms of Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman, which began in 2016. Ilan Berman writes:
Today . . . the Saudi government appears to be making a major effort to strike a more moderate religious tone globally. This is visible in the kingdom’s attempts at dialogue, with Saudi religious officials taking pains to engage other Muslim governments and movements that they had previously ignored or denigrated. It can also be seen in Saudi religious authorities’ official interfaith outreach, such as the recent delegation of imams, headed by the Muslim World League’s Secretary-General Mohammad al-Issa, that traveled to Auschwitz to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the liberation of the Nazi death camp by Allied forces at the end of World War II.
These overtures, however, do not constitute an outright repudiation of Wahhabism on the part of the House of Saud. Indeed, in his now-famous April 2018 interview with Jeffrey Goldberg of the Atlantic, the crown prince refused even to acknowledge the existence of this creed, let alone its role as a driver of the kingdom’s foreign policy in decades past. Similarly, Saudi academics and officials are uniformly defensive when discussing the country’s role in the promotion of extreme Islam abroad, describing the kingdom’s well-documented exportation of Wahhabism over the past several decades as a “misunderstanding” or a conspiracy theory cooked up by the country’s enemies, like Iran.
Given these circumstances, the Saudi government’s recent turn on religion falls short of a fundamental change of heart or ideological reorientation. It is, rather, best understood as what scholars have termed a “course correction”—one designed, above all, to show the world a kinder, more inclusive side of the regime. Yet, whatever its limitations, this shift is nonetheless exerting a pronounced influence on the country’s domestic counterterrorism efforts. | <urn:uuid:4653f3af-a240-406c-8530-98d08dd82019> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mosaicmagazine.com/picks/politics-current-affairs/2020/03/saudi-arabia-steps-away-from-but-does-not-repudiate-religious-extremism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.943521 | 482 | 1.984375 | 2 |
U.S. Air Forces Southern/12th Air Force (AFSOUTH) commander and command chief recently visited Recce Town (Beale Air Force Base, California) to engage with intelligence airmen and discuss the critical support provided to the Southern Hemisphere from the Distributed Ground Station-2 (DGS-2) located there.
Major General Barry Cornish, AFSOUTH commander, and Chief Master Sergeant James Clark, AFSOUTH Command Chief, visited the base in late February to speak with intelligence airmen and the important role their efforts in the 548th Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Group (548th ISRG) have played in his area of responsibility.
“The transformation of the DGS from a platform-centric approach to a problem-centric approach has been a game-changer,” Maj. Gen. Cornish said. “It’s allowed analysts to focus precious resources on our major lines of effort and develop all source products that not only support our campaign plan but are also being published to the broader intelligence community.”
According to U.S. Air Force Colonel Andrew Souza, commander, 548th ISRG, his intelligence airmen provide analytical products in support of AFSOUTH’s efforts to tackle National Defense Strategy threats in the Southern Hemisphere.
DGS-2 airmen at Beale, alongside the 548th ISRG’s detachment at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona, have been providing expanded DGS support to AFSOUTH, and the 612th Air Operations Center for over a year.
“Our dedicated airmen are fully imbedded in direct support of the command’s priority intelligence requirements,” Col. Souza stated. “Airmen from multiple intelligence [Air Force Specialty Codes] scour all available sources of information and coordinate with the wider intelligence community to provide timely reporting — enabling senior leader decisions.”
While at Beale, the AFSOUTH leadership also engaged with members of the 9th Reconnaissance Wing within both the Common Mission Control Center (CMCC) and the U-2 mission sets. Both the CMCC and U-2 community offer capability to strengthen and enable the decision-making processes of combatant commanders and leaders worldwide.
“The efforts of these airmen at Beale, both in the intelligence and reconnaissance communities, help us continue to get after [U.S.] Southern Command’s larger lines of effort,” Maj. Gen. Cornish said. “It’s the skills of these teammates who help the U.S. deepen interoperability, enhance capability, and increase intelligence and information sharing alongside our allies and partners — ultimately aiding us in a better understanding of the threats that exist across all domains.” | <urn:uuid:df7b9b38-b6fa-4b8d-b061-d2e5f368a4ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dialogo-americas.com/articles/afsouth-leadership-recognizes-critical-support-from-beale-intelligence-airmen/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.944964 | 584 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Visit Alfreton and the surrounding villages and stay in bed & breakfast accommodation:
Alfreton, Derbyshire. Although this was originally a mining area, Alfreton is more attractive than many such small industrial towns and boasts a fine church, a pleasing main street, several attractive old houses and one of the most modern lidos in the county, opened by the Duke of Edinburgh in 1964, contains a championship-size swimming-pool.
Alfreton Hall, was built in 1730 but added to during the 19th century. St Martin's, standing at the entrance to the Hall grounds, is a large church founded in the 13th century and added to and altered over the following 200 years.
Nearby cities: Nottingham
Nearby towns: Belper, Clay Cross, Eastwood, Ilkeston, Matlock, Ripley, Sutton in Ashfield, Wirksworth
Nearby villages: Ambergate, Ashover, Blackwell, Brinsley, Codnor, Crich, Hardstoft, Heage, Higham, Morton, Pentrich, Pinxton, Riddings, Selston, Shirland, South Normanton, South Wingfield, Stretton, Swanwick, Teversal, Tibshelf, Westhouses, Whatstandwell
Have you decided to visit Alfreton or the surrounding villages? Please look above for somewhere to stay in:
- a Alfreton bed and breakfast (a Alfreton B&B or Alfreton b and b)
- a Alfreton guesthouse
- a Alfreton hotel (or motel)
- a Alfreton self-catering establishment, or
- other Alfreton accommodation | <urn:uuid:5b1817c5-a07b-4ab8-b030-c0e5c7c0d35a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bedbreakfastavailability.co.uk/alfreton.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.933732 | 354 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Article body copy
In a form of imposed contraception, some arrow squid males prevent their female consorts from fertilizing their eggs with another male’s sperm.
Arrow squid aren’t particularly loyal. Females mate with several males and can even store the sperm from such liaisons in special receptacles for future use. New research led by Luiza Saad, a doctoral candidate in zoology at the University of São Paulo in Brazil, however, shows that certain males have evolved a strategy to get ahead of the competition: they lodge a tube-like plug into the female’s reproductive tract, blocking her ability to use stored sperm.
Male arrow squid come in two distinct types: big, brawny, green males that are serial monogamists and smaller, blue-hued “sneaker” males, which are much more underhanded in their approach to mating. While a green male will stick by and defend a female until she is ready to mate—which she signals by turning bright red and sticking out a flashing red oviduct—a sneaker male will swim up to any female at any time, lock tentacles, and deposit a capsule of sperm into a storage area next to her mouth. (This organ, known as the seminal receptacle, is used by the females expressly to deal with the sperm from sneaker males.)
Both the sneaker and the female benefit from this tryst. When the female is ready to deposit her eggs on the seafloor, she gathers them in a capsule and brings them near her mouth. Most often, these eggs will already be fertilized by her main partner, but sometimes she will release stored sperm from her seminal receptacle onto the eggs to give them extra potential for fertilization.
Some sneaker males, however, are unsatisfied with their sperm having competition from other sneakers. In laboratory research, Saad and her colleagues showed that these smaller males will sometimes out-sneak other sneakers by preventing the female from using their sperm. Saad found that the sperm capsules the sneaker males deposit in the female’s seminal receptacle will occasionally block the passage, plugging the organ and preventing the female from releasing any previously deposited sperm.
Noriyosi Sato, a biologist at Shimane University in Japan who was not involved in the study, says that while he is familiar with other species using mating plugs (the technique is widely used by animals as varied as reptiles, spiders, mammals, and even some primates), he never imagined cephalopods would employ such a strategy since males fertilize eggs externally and the seminal receptacle doesn’t connect directly with an organ storing eggs.
Sato has studied female Japanese pygmy squid, which have the ability to reject sperm from unwanted males. He says Saad’s discovery suggests squid mating is more complex than previously thought.
Unfortunately for the female squid, Saad says the obstructive sperm capsules can do lasting damage to their ability to reproduce. In some cases, she found, the plugs were so well attached that the female could never dislodge them—effectively quashing her ability to use her seminal receptacle and putting a permanent damper on any future sneakiness. | <urn:uuid:5717119b-bd35-488a-884a-99cb37751398> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hakaimagazine.com/news/sneaky-arrow-squid-prevent-females-from-using-other-males-sperm/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.96939 | 659 | 3.03125 | 3 |
[An earlier unedited draft of this article was written with contributions by Arnold De Graaff. It has since become single authored and has been revised, updated and shortened.]
The Interrelated Nature of our Global Crisis: A Summary
i) The situation today – A brief statement of need
“The Enlightenment”, Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer famously wrote, “understood in the widest sense as the advance of thought, has always aimed at liberating human beings” (Adorno and Horkheimer, 2002, p. 1). But instead of fulfilling its promise, “the wholly enlightened earth is” today “radiant with triumphant calamity” (p.1). Have the values of society regressed from the hopeful aspirations of the enlightenment? Along what philosophical and empirical lines might we outline such “triumphant calamity” in the contemporary social world?
We could begin with a reference to systematic research concerning key crises confronting human civilization – crises defined, for instance, by two notable experts in systems theory as global, industrial, and capitalist in nature (Ahmed 2010; King, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016). Research by Nafeez Ahmed highlights the systemic interconnections between a number of global crises: from water scarcity and food insecurity to climate change; potential energy crisis; food insecurity; economic instability; forced migration; international terrorism; mass surveillance and increasing militarization (Ahmed, 2010; 2013a; 2013b; 2014a; 2014b; 2015a).
Additionally we may consider as further evidence of the deep crises of the modern social world, new scientific models supported by the British government’s Foreign Office that are being developed at Anglia Ruskin University’s Global Sustainability Institute (GSI) – models which show that if we don’t change course, that if the status quo continues, in less than three decades industrial civilisation will essentially collapse (Sample, 2009; Ahmed, 2015b). Catastrophic food shortages, triggered by a combination of climate change, water scarcity, energy crisis, and political instability are cited as key issues (Ahmed, 2015b). Even Lloyds (2015), an insurance market specialist, has released a study for the insurance industry entitled Food System Shock, detailing potential impacts of acute disruption to global food supply as part of its “emerging risk report”.
To add to this picture, it was estimated recently by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (2015) that one in nine human beings – that is, approximately 795 million people of the 7.3 billion people in the world – suffered from chronic undernourishment. On top of this, a study by the International Food Policy Research Institute (2015) reports that lower grain yields and increase in crop prices across the developing world, as a direct result of climate change, will further increase malnutrition rates, leading to a 20-percent rise in child malnutrition. The report, which also draws similar systemic links between hunger and violence, appears to be one of many highlighting the precisely interrelated nature of global crises today. Furthermore, a 2016 research article published by the IFPRI, Global linkages among energy, food and water: An economic assessment (Ringler, Willenbockel, Perez, et al., 2016) emphasizes the same point.
I offer this sample of research and empirical evidence to disclose the magnitude of crises confronting human civilization. But it’s not just issues of food insecurity, energy crises, global violence and potential climate catastrophe that we face. Focusing on empirical and philosophical assessments within the United Kingdom, United States and Canada in particular, one can discern a number of pressing and interrelated crises. Due to lack of space it is impossible for us to cite each particular issue, but we can highlight a few for contextual purposes. We may cite, for instance, the crisis of education (Amsler, 2016; De Graaff, 2012/2015; Giroux, 2011;); the detrimental effects of neoliberalization on the whole of life (Barnett, 2010; Brenner and Theodore, 2002; Evans and Sewell, 2013); psychology and social pathology (Harris, 2010; Smith, 2016); the diminishing of psychological and emotional well-being (Smith, 2016; Sugarman, 2015; Verhaeghe, 2015); severe environmental degradation (De Graaff, 2016); the crisis of democracy and community (Brady, Schoeneman and Sawyer, 2014; Isakhan and Slaughter, 2014); inequality (Geier, 2016; Jacobs, 2014; Piketty, 2014); international conflict (Ahmed, 2010; 2013a; 2013b; 2014a; 2014b; 2015a); and global economic injustice (Smith, 2012).
Providing some discussion on the issues at hand, my intention is to reflect on what an alternative foundation might look like from a number of key perspectives. In light of all the evidence about the present crisis, it is remarkable that for each area of life there are significant, proven alternative projects and practices available. With regard to poverty, hunger, undernourishment, food production, for example, new research and reports of workable global solutions appear on a regular basis. But it seems like ideologies and power structures blind political and industrial leaders from embracing and implementing these measures (Desmaris, A. & Wiebe, N. 2011; Reganold, J. 2016; Peter, O. 2013; De Schutter, O. 2014, 2015; Frison, E.A. 2016; UNCTAD, 2013). These sources referenced above highlight, I think, how much we are in need of a structural change based on objective morality and core enlightenment-humanistic values.
In any or all cases, each particular negative aspect of our modern social reality, each systemically interlinked crisis, evidences, it would seem, a fundamental conflict of values. On the one hand, this conflict of values relates to global political economy. Empirically, there is quite a list of studies that discern a direct connection between contemporary crises and the system of global capitalism. From an enlightenment perspective, at the heart of the crisis of civilization would seem to be a moral and ethical conflict centred on two generally very different visions of life and society – an egalitarian, ecologically just and actually democratic vision on the one hand, and an alienated, exploitative, destructive vision on the other hand. In a book I recently read, it was suggested from the perspective of philosophy of history that this conflict directly relates to the “dialectic of enlightenment” (Zuidervaart, 2007), which serves as an interesting site of reflection.
On this point, I have come to a similar conclusion as Stephen E. Bronner (2004), and argue that if a revival of the idea of “progress” is to materialize, what is urgently required is a revival of the enlightenment and its normative universalism.
This point is emphasized further considering the various detrimental effects poststructuralism and other postmodern theories have had when it comes to the general erosion of the value of normativity and universalism for the benefit of theories of social relativism (moral, ethical or otherwise), which, one might say, has resulted in or certainly at least compounded the crisis of social theory (Kellner, 2014a).
Additionally, when it comes postmodern and poststructuralist accounts, it is perhaps no coincidence that, in their particularly definitive state of “great confusion” (to borrow from Habermas), the postmodern view has, as Bronner puts it, resulted in a period of significant “intellectual and political disorientation” (Bronner, 2004, p.1). In turn, if what is required today is a comprehensive and coherent social philosophical foundation, what this requirement necessitates, philosophically and empirically, is a direct confrontation with basic questions concerning morality, ethics and values and the damaged status of societal principles (Zuidervaart, 2007). What this entails, in part, is a deeper emphasis on the importance of how we understand history, tradition, social development, and the ongoing enlightenment struggle for progress and a rational society (Bronner, 2004). One could argue – and many do- that what is needed is a return to the Enlightenment as well as a progressive revival of Enlightenment values. I think such a project can also learn much from modern scientific sensibility and from demands for an evidence-based approach to civic policy.
There is substantial reason to suggest that a progressive and contemporary guide to economic democracy is already present in the enlightenment philosophes. In realizing the highest ideals of reason and science and progress, the Enlightenment still has much to offer. Currently, in the dark and almost barren desert of neoliberal capitalist society, progressive theoretical and scientific movements may provide us with some light. But today, movements in the global north mostly exist as fireflies, scattered, often isolated, without universal solidarity or a broader social philosophical foundation to draw on. In the global south greater solidarity and unity is developing among the peoples’ movements often at the risk of their lives and much suffering (Desmarais, A. 2006; Tramel, S. 2016). And yet still, the need for a comprehensive alternative social philosophical vision remains.
ii) A critical intervention
Why open with a reference to the Dialectic of Enlightenment (1964/2002)? Adorno and Horkheimer’s philosophical study of the modern social world is widely read and referenced in the field of critical philosophy (and perhaps also across the human sciences). They offer a philosophy of history that “traced the fate of the Enlightenment from the beginnings of scientific thought among the Greeks to fascist concentration camps and the cultural industries of U.S. capitalism” (Kellner, 2014). Moreover, they showed how the enlightenment project was betrayed and how society regressed to domination and the opposite of enlightenment: namely, mystification and oppression. The book, not without its issues, criticized a certain form of deformed rationality, and implicitly implicated Marxism within the “dialectic of Enlightenment” (Kellner, 2014). I intend to engage with this book from the perspective of the enlightenment.
Since the time Dialectic of Enlightenment was originally published, much has been written and discussed about the implications of this work, what remains significant about the text today, what it got wrong and what requires critical retrieval (Bronner, 1995, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2014; Kellner, 1989, 2014; Zuidervaart, 2007; Sherman, 2007; and Smith, 2015). In this paper, however, I do not seek to reproduce these arguments or focus on developing yet another piece of secondary literature. Instead, the primary aim is to re-engage with the enlightenment in progressive ways, engaging with this book for the reason that it is often cited in the world of popular literature as a source of “critique”.
To add to the above: it is becoming increasingly understood that, in spite of Adorno and Horkheimer’s critical analysis of the “betrayal of the enlightenment”, one of the primary aims of their study was not to do away with the liberating force of the enlightenment project (Adorno and Horkheimer, 2002, p. xviii; Bronner, 2004). Moreover, “it should not be forgotten that its authors were concerned with criticizing enlightenment generally, and the historical epoch known as the Enlightenment in particular, from the standpoint of enlightenment itself: thus the title of the work. Their book was actually “intended to prepare the way for a positive notion of enlightenment, which will release it from entanglement in blind domination.” Later, in fact, Horkheimer and Adorno even talked about writing a sequel that would have carried a title like “Rescuing the Enlightenment” (Rettung der Aufklärung)” (Bronner, 2004).
Though, as Stephen Bronner correctly points out, “this reclamation project was never completed, and much time has been spent speculating about why it wasn’t” (Bronner, 2004), significant efforts have been made toward accomplishing just such a task. Over the past two decades, Bronner himself (Bronner, 1995, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2014) has offered a number of particularly significant contributions to a wider project of critical retrieval when it comes to the Enlightenment and Enlightenment values. Indebted to his efforts, this paper directly engages with his project as well as combines a diversity of scholarship from across numerous disciplines.
Moreover, the following discussion, however informal, seeks to provide a comprehensive account of what might be one positive approach when it comes to re-engaging with the enlightenment and its advancement. In working toward this, my engagement is one that primarily wants to bridge philosophy and empirical study. Through considerable research in the areas of psychology, cognitive science, social and natural science, anthropology, epistemology and critical philosophy (to name a few), I will look to reflect on why an advancing notion of enlightenment values and morality must find direct and concrete expression in what one might term “a radically virtuous alternative of normative (critical) humanism” and in what one might identify as a phenomenological ethics and a fundamental notion of social objectivity.
Furthermore, in engaging with Adorno and Horkheimer’s thesis, my goal is to think about possible broader explanations of the crisis of civilization on the basis of philosophy of history. If “the wholly enlightened earth is” today “radiant with triumphant calamity” (Adorno and Horkheimer, 2002, p.1), I want to ask: is it possible that a connection may be drawn between the dialectic of enlightenment – that is, the betrayal of the enlightenment – and the ongoing crisis of civilization?
2. Why does the Enlightenment still matter?
i) An introduction
To state at the outset that after reviewing and working through numerous sources, the Enlightenment and debates around its legacy are today some of the most fundamentally culturally important, this statement may sound extreme or excessive. But it’s not. The positive impact that the Enlightenment had on Western society – and, indeed, throughout the world – underlines a significant part of modern political and social history (Bronner, 1995, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2014). This political and social history concerns not only the emergence of such important values as reason, progress and science (Bronner, 2004; Pagden, 2013); in fact, so many of the positive values and ideals we take for granted today owe a debt to the enlightenment and humanist project.
Whether explicitly realized or not, the basic values often shared today by progressive social movements around the world are tied to the Enlightenment and its social-political legacy (Bronner, 2004, 2014). In fact, it is fair to state that many basic values popularly celebrated in contemporary society, whether in the mainstream or on the progressive fringes, owe a great deal to the revolutionary ideals of the 18th Century philosophical movement (Bronner, 2002; Trevor-Roper, 2010; Pagden, 2013). Equality, cosmopolitanism, and modern conceptions of democracy are a few examples (Bronner, 2004). Then, of course, there is the basic value of reason, understood as the basis for authority and legitimacy in thought and action, grounding such ideals as empiricism, scientific rigor, and finally also the view of social-historical progress (Bronner, 2004; Pagden, 2013).
Conversely, and in addition to the above, modern emphasis on individual liberty and religious tolerance, along with notions of constitutional government, normative critique of the abuses church and state, and popular scepticism of traditional authority can all be traced to the Enlightenment (Bronner, 2004). In the world of thought and, especially, the broad philosophical basis for contemporary society, such 19th century movements as liberalism and neo-classicism are a direct product of the Enlightenment intellectual legacy (Pagden, 2013).
In short: with just a brief overview, it is clear how much modern western society and culture is entangled with the Enlightenment. Far from a distinct historical period without connection to the present, the legacy of the Enlightenment remains a central if not primary point of reference when it comes to modern hopes for society, the mission of social-historical and cultural progress, and the advance of basic humanistic ideals (Bronner, 2004; Trevor-Roper, 2010; Pagden, 2013).
The humanistic underpinning of the Enlightenment is of course no coincidence (Trevor-Roper, 2010). Widely understood as the continuation of a process rooted in the Scientific Revolution, dated roughly between the years of 1550 and 1700, the Enlightenment can be traced back to the “renaissance humanists” in France and Italy in the 14th and 15th century (Trevor-Roper, 2010). As a very broad cultural and intellectual movement in Europe that affected every area of life – especially views regarding science, political and legal theory, and morality – the Enlightenment represented more than a distinct era (Bronner, 2004; Pagden, 2013). It symbolized or sought to symbolize significant turns in philosophy, culture and society, coinciding with the emergence of a new foundational perspective on life (Bronner, 2004).
Responding to the closed structures and practices of medieval society, the Enlightenment’s best representatives argued for a project, a political vision, and a certain philosophical framework based on the emancipation of human beings (Bronner, 2004). Its main objective was about liberating life, society, culture, and our common human values from the authority and control of the church and established monarchies (Bronner, 2004; Pagden, 2013). The God-ordained order of the universe mediated by the church had to be broken through to allow for the free flourishing of the human subject; for human freedom, initiative, discovery, exploration and the transformation of society (Bronner, 2004). These humanistic values were not static, but still remained universal and objective principles (Bronner, 2004; Pagden, 2013). They served first of all to liberate the person and society from external authority and oppressive governments (Bronner, 2004).
With these summarized points noted, it should also be said that the Enlightenment encompassed many different aspects of life and there were many historical and national variations (Bronner, 1995, 2004, 2005; Pagden, 2013). In other words, it was not a monolithic movement (Bronner, 1995). Though my own considerations do not cover all of the variations and history, as this has already been accomplished by several leading and notable scholars (Bronner, 2004; Trevor-Roper, 2010; Pagden, 2013), the intention of my essay is to focus on the common values amongst Enlightenment thinkers. This essay, adhering thematically to the disciplines of sociology, anthropology, psychology, and epistemology, emanates from a detailed and comprehensive look at common Enlightenment values and their ongoing significance, which one might take as socially, politically, philosophically and empirically evident.
Perhaps now more than ever, the legacy of the Enlightenment represents an important and deeply morally relevant site of contemporary debate. The many issues which characterize or define this site of consideration cut across almost every aspect of modern social life (Bronner, 2004). A philosophical project, a programme of revolutionary humanistic ideals and values, and an open-ended critical intellectual process resistant to dogmatic and totalitarian political movements, the Enlightenment is more than a distinct historical period (Pagden, 2013). It is the beginning of a progressive project which seeks to establish an alternative way of looking at the world. Indeed, recent scholarship even shows in systematic detail how Enlightenment ideas include a potentially universalizing vision of humanity – of common emancipatory values – as well as the full recognition of the emotional ties that bind all human beings together (Pagden, 2013).
In terms of the study of moral philosophy, which Kenan Malik lays out nicely in his book The Quest for a Moral Compass, it should be noted that the Enlightenment did not invent or discover many common human moral values; but what it did is promoted ideas of individual freedom, scientific knowledge, democratic governance and society in the sense of their liberation from external authority. As I noted earlier, with roots traced back to the renaissance humanists (Trevor-Roper, 2010; Pagden, 2013) we can see for example how Enlightenment thinkers critically retrieved certain basic human values from this 14th and 15th century movement and generally sought to free them from their religious bias and dogma (Bronner, 2004). But it need be said, too, that there are many other cultures at different historical times that have lived these directives, whether successfully or not, starting with the ancient Greeks. In fact, in certain places and in certain ways, other cultures can be said to have practiced one or more of the relevant values we now tie to the Enlightenment. Consider, for example, the Cree nation and their study of the environment and ecological inter-relationships, egalitarian relations, and the basic ideals around communal sharing (De Graaff, 2016). Another example can be seen in the Guna tribe, particularly when it comes to their thoughts on child rearing, democracy, and the intricate relation between the individual and the tribe (De Graaff, 2016). These points of recognition are important when it comes to understanding the enlightenment and what it sought to offer, in a particular moment in history, as part of a larger human struggle toward ideas of justice and solidarity, among others. Throughout history variations of values have not always been realized in a positive way – in fact, there is an argument to be made that much of the history of human society is deeply pathological. What the enlightenment sought was to ultimately ground core values in a normative universal framework, informed by science and empirical thought as well as philosophical consideration. This broader context helps give further meaning to what the enlightenment sought to stand for, not only in Europe but also throughout the world, including the enlightenment movement in India and other places. As contemporary scholars point out, seeing the enlightenment achievement from a broader historical and cultural perspective delivers it from the critique of being Eurocentric (Bronner, 2004), and this is important.
In closing: one cannot deny that the Enlightenment has had a significant impact on the world, and remains deeply relevant. The struggle to defend science and the debates around the importance of the modern scientific endeavour – the values of reason and economics – the enlightenment can continue to serve as an important frame of guidance. At the same time, there are also lots of debates about the Enlightenment legacy. Indeed, when answering the question ‘Why the Enlightenment?’, one can simply point to the Enlightenment’s impact in relation to the many conflicted views it evokes, truly striking the heart of the conflicts of how we view society, our relation with each other and the natural world.
ii) The Enlightenment and Counter-Enlightenment
The source of criticism for both sides of the political spectrum, the Enlightenment seems to be considered negatively on many parts of the left today (Bronner, 2004). On the right, conservatives have traditionally detested the “nihilism” of the Enlightenment project, which in many ways is a view inherited from the Counter-Enlightenment (Bronner, 2004; Ralston, 1992; MacIntyre, 1984; Pagden, 2013; Thomas, 2014).
Historically and empirically, we can trace back or in the least draw parallels between many of today’s conservative viewpoints against the Enlightenment and the emergence of the Counter-Enlightenment in the 18th century (Bronner, 2004; Pagden, 2013; Thomas, 2014). This counter-enlightenment was essentially made up of political conservatives and clerical defenders of traditional religion (Bronner, 2004; Pagden, 2013; Thomas, 2014). “It deplored the progressive assault on communal life, religious faith, social privilege, and traditional authority” (Bronner, 2004, p. 1). The very contemporary idea of personal freedom, for example, rooted in the enlightenment’s resistance against the authority and control of the Church and the closed structure of medieval society (Bronner, 2004; Pagden, 2013), represented a significant challenge against established power structures of the time.
Keith Thomas (2014) summarises this complex history and the political dynamics of the Enlightenment and Counter-Enlightenment in his article “The Great Fight Over the Enlightenment”, when he writes how counter-enlightenment resistance attacked materialism and scientific scepticism, not to mention the natural sciences and philosophy (Thomas, 2014).
In sum, if the enlightenment was meant to blow open history in the sense of challenging and breaking free from traditional doctrines and dogmas as well oppressive regimes of thought and social organization (Bronner, 2004; Pagden, 2013), this is because the very idea of the Enlightenment as a project and as a set of ideals was meant to become the “source of everything that is progressive about the modern world”, standing “for freedom of thought, rational inquiry, critical thinking, religious tolerance, political liberty, scientific achievement, the pursuit of happiness, and hope for the future” (Thomas, 2014). Perhaps more emphatically, the Enlightenment was meant to liberate human beings once and for all (Bronner, 2004). Even Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer (2002), whose study is widely referenced as a leading critique of the Enlightenment and its betrayal, state that the Enlightenment originally meant to emancipate human beings. This project of emancipation was not only social and political; it represented the possibility of a certain existential liberation as well (Israel, 2002), especially when it comes to the advent of reason and science as common values which support humanity’s overcoming Myth more generally and certainly also the oppressive grip of the Church in particular (Pagden, 2013).
One can cite numerous texts by key Enlightenment thinkers which support the above view.
Marquis de Condorcet (1794/2012), in his famous work titled Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind, writes for example on the interrelation between the progress of the sciences and enlightened social behaviour (Michael, 1975, 2004; David, 2004; Gregory, 2010; Leiss, 2011; Pagden, 2013).William Leiss summarizes this nicely while quoting Condorcet: “He [Condorcet] remarks that ‘all errors in politics and morals are based on philosophical errors and these in turn are connected with scientific errors’. He is saying that there is a connection between our conceptions of natural processes, on the one hand, and our understanding of society and individual behaviour, on the other” (Leiss, 2011, p. 29).Moreover, “Condorcet envisioned a future in which ‘the dissemination of enlightenment’ would ‘include in its scope the whole of the human race’” (Leiss, 2011, p. 29). He maintains the position that the enlightenment provides a new way of thinking, a new view of the world, and that this view, based on a transformative ethos (Bronner, 2004, pp. 4-5), not only connects science and reason with morality and ethics, but is principled, as Bronner (2004) writes, on a series of core human values.
Condorcet’s reflections in Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind share a common vision with many other Enlightenment thinkers (Bronner, 2004). Indeed, “the Enlightenment” as a whole “crystallized around the principles connected with fostering the accountability of institutions, reciprocity under the law, and a commitment to experiment with social reform” (Bronner, 2004, p. 9). It sought not “imperialism, or racism, or the manipulation of liberty”, but instead the ideals of liberty, individual rights and dignity (Bronner, 2004; Pagden, 2013) and what we might describe today as social conditions which foster the “free flourishing subject” (Sherman, 2007; Smith, 2015a, 2016). These ideals formed the basis of Enlightenment universalism (Israel, 2001; Bronner, 2004; Pagden, 2013), which sought to protect rather than threaten the exercise of subjectivity (Bronner, 2004, p. 9).
Enlightenment universalism, in other words, “presumes to render institutions accountable, a fundamental principle of democracy, and thereby create the preconditions for expanding individual freedom. Such a view would inform liberal movements concerned with civil liberties as well as socialist movements seeking to constrain the power of capital” (Bronner, 2004, p. 9). In much the same way, Enlightenment universalism – or what we may also describe as the common values of the Enlightenment (Pagden, 2013; Israel, 2002) – moves against prejudice to include “the other”, underpinning the liberal notion of the citizen with its “inherently democratic imperative”, while also pushing back against capitalism’s drive to reduce people to the mere status of ‘economic objects’ and therefore, too, mere ‘costs of production’ (Bronner, 2004, p. 9). Therefore, there should be no surprise when Condorcet, for example, writes in rather radical fashion:
Thus an understanding of the natural rights of man, the belief that these rights are inalienable and [cannot be forfeited], a strongly expressed desire for liberty of thought and letters, of trade and industry, and for the alleviation of the people’s suffering, for the [elimination] of all penal laws against religious dissenters and the abolition of torture and barbarous punishments, the desire for a milder system of criminal legislation and jurisprudence which should give complete security to the innocent, and for a simpler civil code, more in conformance with reason and nature, indifference in all matters of religion which now were relegated to the status of superstitions and political [deception], a hatred of hypocrisy and fanaticism, a contempt for prejudice, zeal for the propagation of enlightenment, all these principles, gradually filtering down from philosophical works to every class of society whose education went beyond the catechism and the alphabet, became the common faith . . . [of enlightened people]. In some countries these principles formed a public opinion sufficiently widespread for even the mass of the people to show a willingness to be guided by and to obey it. (Condorcet, 1794/2012, p. 101)
As we read here and elsewhere, including in the works of lesser-known figures, Enlightenment universalism – its core values – “provide a foundation for opposing contemporary infringements on individuals rights and dignity by new global forms of capitalism” (Bronner, 2004, p. 9). Even in terms of the oft-cited “crisis of democracy” today, where democracy, as a concept and as a thing, has less to do with the actual content of “democracy” as an egalitarian system of political-economic values than it does with the neglect of this content for its (mere) form, “The Enlightenment notion of political engagement […] alone keeps” the very notion of “democracy fresh and alive” (Bronner, 2004, p. 9).
The same could be said for the frequently contested notion of social and historical “progress”. It is true that historical “progress” as some clean linear process must be challenged. But as Kenan Malik has pointed out on numerous occasions, such an engagement is deeply nuanced and to suggest that the enlightenment itself is the source of colonial racism and domination isn’t accurate.
Over recent years post- and decolonial theorists have criticized the idea of historical progress, rooted in and a product of the Enlightenment, as Eurocentric, imperialist, and neo-colonialist (Allen, 2016). It is even argued that this idea is largely central to the ‘western fallacy’ (Allen, 2016). In many or all cases of such critique, the notion of progress is at risk being thrown away (Allen, 2016). This is a mistake. While there is certainly a critical normative imperative to breaking open the view of a purely progressive reading of history, which tends to suppress the many critical realities – consider, for example, the issue of “land grabbing” or slavery or resource-based wars and terror – the very notion of “progress” itself is also a critical-political imperative (Allen, 2016). Additionally, most of the issues cited, such as colonialism and resource-based wars, has much less to do with the enlightenment and more to do, as Malik notes, with the forces of capitalism.
Contrary to post-structural and especially post-modern critiques of the Enlightenment, which, usually, are guilty of lacking nuance (Bronner, 2004), the common view of “progress” by Enlightenment thinkers was employed as part of a critical project of rational thought (Bronner, 2004; pp. 20-28). The notion was used to attack the institutions and ideas of a bygone age in the name of reason, rights, and interests of the individual (p. 21), not to mention to support the philosophical vision concerning the need to promote common decency, a sense of compassion for people in relation to the direction of society, and respect for the ideals of fairness, reciprocity, and civility among others (pp. 20-22).
Progress was viewed, most importantly, in relation to the critical challenging of prejudice, oppressive customs, and dominant instincts; it was employed in explicit contempt for dogma and privilege, and relied upon as part of a guiding principle of critique of political purposes that questions tradition and authority on behalf of an open-ended, transitory, many-sided and complex view of societal transformation (pp. 20-28). No doubt that the Enlightenment attempt “to “soften” the vices of humanity […] reaches back to other cultures: Jewish law condemned the torture of animals; the Buddha spoke of “selfishness” and compassion for suffering; Confucius saw himself as part of the human race; Hinduism lauded the journey of life; and Jesus articulated the Golden Rule” (p. 20).
In this sense, there is a clearly distinguishable and very real “anthropological grounding for the historical experience of Enlightenment” (p. 20). In this sense, too, there is a common and shared human value to the broader historical, cultural project which seeks what we may identify as the egalitarian ideals of transformative progress along several important lines. No doubt the struggle continues. But what makes the Enlightenment so historically significant in this regard concerns how, as an intellectual movement, it made important strides toward grounding these values. In contrast to renaissance humanists, for example, who evidenced a very strong religious emphasis, Enlightenment thinkers begun the task of grounding progressive and transformative values, particularly through the notion of reason as the primary source of authority and legitimacy in defense against the constant human threat of a return to myth and dogma.
So what are we to make of the 18th century Enlightenment? For over two hundred years the legacy of its most prominent thinkers, from Locke and Newton to Voltaire, Hume, Diderot, and Kant, has been the subject of bitter debate. On the one hand, supporters hail it as the source of everything that is progressive about the modern world. For them, it stands for freedom of thought, rational inquiry, critical thinking, religious tolerance, political liberty, scientific achievement, the pursuit of happiness, and hope for the future. By contrast, its enemies accuse it of “shallow” rationalism, naive optimism, unrealistic universalism, and moral darkness. Certain criticism can be understood as legitimate and worthy of reflection, suggests some scholars, while not in any way undermining the validaity of the enlightenment project as a whole. Another portion of criticism has been shown to be illegitimate (Bronner, 2004).
Regarding the former – the legitimate criticism of the Enlightenment – Bronner (2004) makes it incredibly clear that with its emphasis on civil liberties, tolerance and humanism, there is something to be preserved about Enlightenment political theory. What’s more, it is clear that in viewing the Enlightenment and its complex and deeply nuanced political history in accurate terms, this requires opposition to “current fashions and conceits”, including recognition of the many systematic and unbiased studies on the Enlightenment (Bronner, 2004, p. 10) as well as detailed historical scholarship, which pushes back against postmodern and poststructral views.
Moving forward, there is another body of literature that argues that humanistic thought has been appropriated by prejudiced political and economic ideology, and has been corrupted to serve as the basis for such concepts as “human capital”. “Human rights”, yet another lasting legacy of the enlightenment project, is said to now be a concept often employed “as an ideological excuse for the exercise of arbitrary power” (Bronner, 2004, p. 1). Democracy, likewise, which as a concept and a distinct political value once possessed discernible revolutionary characteristics, has undergone a “hollowing out” process. The actual content of the radical moment of the enlightenment’s uniquely modern understanding of democracy (Bronner, 2004, p. 58) has been increasingly boiled away. “The security of western states”, often cited by governments throughout the world, “has served as justification for the constriction of personal freedom” (Bronner, 2004, p. 1). All the while “rigid notions of progress have fallen by the wayside”, and “liberal regimes have often been corrupted by imperialist ambitions and parasitical elites” (Bronner, 2004, p. 1). In reclaiming the Enlightenment or, in other words, in returning to and re-vivifying the enlightenment project, it is argued that progressives must reclaim or critically retrieve these concepts and values.
It is said that notions of “reason”, “science” and “progress” too require critical evaluation. Where “progress” once meant a critical normative value which sought to challenge the status quo of systems of domination and exploitation for the betterment of all of humanity; the confronting of traditional authority; a contempt for dogma, prejudice, and elitism; resistance to dominant institutions and practices, as well as political movements which attack rights and the vision of individual and collective well-being (Bronner, 2004, pp. 19-22, 39, 40); “progress” is argued to be at risk of being divorced from its core radical social philosophical purpose, serving instead the ideological economic worldview.
iii) The enlightenment and race
The main point at the current juncture is to understand that many Enlightenment thinkers understood “progress” in emancipatory and critical ways. But there seems to be a case that core values are open to distortion and to being stripped of their critical, non-partisan and objective character (Bronner, 2002, p.23). Today, the evidence of such a reality is truly striking. “Progress” is celebrated in light of the advance of medical science, for example, and yet the reality that many are unable to access necessary medical treatments; that the privatization of medicine has led to a new kind of social-economic barbarity, where vital treatments are controlled by business and are deeply prejudiced, governed by the capitalist law of inequality (Acemoglu and Robinson, 2014; Grewal, 2014; Piketty, 2014) goes unspoken by those same people quick to revere. The need of the hour, then, is not to abandon this critical concept, as we read in Bronner (2004); but to critically retrieve it for the sake of the enlightenment as part of the retaining of the belief in the possibility of an emancipated future. Rather than being zealous dogmatists, some of the best Enlightenment thinkers perceived “progress” and, impliedly, the struggle for societal transformation as something that may never be complete (p. 21), often resisting the urge to secure a totalitarian utopian ideology, understanding in a very critical way that we must continue to critique, to improve, to challenge and strive to do better (pp. 21-22).
We could dedicate an entire series of books on the Enlightenment; its history and key figures; its values and their ongoing relevance; and the need for a deep project of critical retrieval. Later on, I will offer a number of examples and expand on the direction of such a project, in hope that others might continue the effort. For the time being, it is enough to state that, with regards to the notion of progress, Bronner’s (2004) effort is notably advanced. For this reason it serves as a source of constructive engagement. For example, Bronner’s ideas of progress in the earliest pages of his book are wonderfully descriptive and illustrative, offering the reader historically very careful attention to the real meaning and intention behind key Enlightenment concepts and movements in thought. At the same time we can build from this and also consider where things may have gone off the rails as the 18th century enlightenment began to recede in and through the 19th century (Malik, 2013a, 2013b).
Consider, for example, the accusations of racism against a number of different Enlightenment thinkers. No doubt that, “With its emphasis upon autonomy, tolerance, and reason – no less than its attack upon received traditions, popular prejudices, and religious superstitions – the Enlightenment was generally recognized as the foundation for any kind of progressive politics” (Bronner, 2004, p.2). However, one cannot completely erase the contradictions within the Enlightenment when it comes to the issue race, as one example. One such criticism, particularly from a postcolonial perspective, suggests that certain Enlightenment thinker’s evidenced moments of social prejudice and a Eurocentric point of view. At the same time, we also have to understand the historical and cultural time of the philosophes and the mess that they sought to work through and overcome.
On the one hand, the Enlightenment was a critical movement and sought, for instance, to attack popular prejudices. On the other hand, there are people who argue thatcertain passages expose lasting traces of such prejudices and of distinct aspects of what we might today describe as the language of oppression (Bosmajian, 1974/1983). And the evidence of these lasting traces of deep historical, cultural prejudices were particularly held against non-Europeans (Malik, 1996, 2009a, 2009b, 2013a, 2013b). Moreover, it is argued that there was an emerging contradiction in enlightenment thought moving into the 19th century (Malik, 2013a, 2013b). Notable scholar Kenan Malik (2013a, 2013b) provides a deeply nuanced account of the now oft-termed Enlightenment’s ‘race problem’, particularly in a series of articles and in a book which questions the idea that the modern roots of the idea of race lie in the Enlightenment. He writes: “The relationship between race and the Enlightenment is […] far more complex than much contemporary discussion allows for. It was the transformation of Enlightenment attitudes through the course of the nineteenth century that helped mutate the eighteenth century discussion of human variety into the nineteenth century obsession with racial difference” (Malik, 2013b).
This account seems to affirm Bronner’s (2004) study as well as a wider body of unbiased scholarship. Whatever the misguided prejudices of Bernier, Voltaire or Kant (Bronner, 2004, p. 89), or even those of Hume and Jefferson (Malik, 2013a), it is important to understand:
The first intimations of a contradiction that was to become a key motor of nineteenth century social and political thinking – a contradiction between the intellectual categories thrown up Enlightenment philosophy and the social relations of the emerging capitalist society, between an abstract belief in equality, on the one hand, and the concrete reality of an unequal society. It was out of this contradiction, as we shall see, that the idea of race emerges.
It is true that in the eighteenth century, a number of thinkers within the mainstream of the Enlightenment, Hume, Voltaire and Thomas Jefferson among them, dabbled with ideas of innate differences between human groups, including ideas of polygenism – the belief that different races had different origins and were akin to distinct species. Yet, with one or two exceptions, they did so only diffidently or in passing. Hume’s comment about the innate inferiority of blacks appeared in a footnote. Thomas Jefferson conceded that ‘the opinion that [negroes] are inferior in the faculties of reason and imagination must be hazarded with great diffidence’ particularly so ‘when our conclusion would degrade a whole race of men from the rank in the scale of beings which their Creator may perhaps have given them.’ Twenty years later, he wrote to a French correspondent that he had expressed his opinions about the inferiority of negroes ‘with great hesitation’. He added that ‘whatever their degree of talents, it is no measure of their rights’. (Malik, 2013b)
As we can see, “the roots of the racial ideas that would flourish in the nineteenth century” in a certain sense “lay in Enlightenment writing” (Malik, 2013). But we must also approach this complicated issue by recognizing there were two basic movements within the Enlightenment (Israel, 2002). These two movements can be differentiated as: Radical Enlightenment and Enlightenment Contested (Israel, 2002). As Malik summarizes: “The mainstream Enlightenment of Kant, Locke, Voltaire and Hume is the one of which we know and which provides the public face of the Enlightenment. But it was the Radical Enlightenment, shaped by lesser-known figures such as d’Holbach, Diderot, Condorcet and Spinoza that provided the Enlightenment’s heart and soul” (Malik, 2013a). Additionally, for Kant and Voltaire especially, concern with race had little bearing on their general theories (Bronner, 2004, p.89). In most cases, where any contradiction may appear, it is found within “the equivocations of the mainstream” (Malik, 2013a). “Yet”, writes Malik, “eighteenth century thinkers remained highly resistant to the idea of race”. (2013a). Furthermore, the actual universal principles of Enlightenment political theory left little room for racism (Bronner, 2004). Indeed, as Malik also notes: “political attitudes towards progress and human unity left little room for race” (Malik, 2013a). The deeper issue, it appears, is the “transformation of Enlightenment attitudes through the course of the nineteenth century that helped mutate the eighteenth century discussion of human variety into the nineteenth century obsession with racial difference” (Malik, 2013a). But what allowed this to happen?
Perhaps it is fair to suggest that in some respects we can trace this transformation in the “attempt of the mainstream to marry traditional theology to the new philosophy”, which “constrained its critique of old social forms and beliefs” (Malik, 2013a; citing Israel, 2002). As Bronner (2004) notes: messianic visions of Christian destiny have always intoxicated the advocates of both racism and the Counter-Enlightenment” (p. 88). And this is certainly apparent in the Counter-Enlightenment resistance to the Enlightenment’s radical political theory, which, at its core, valued the idea of universal emancipation (Bronner, 2004).
It is fair to say, too, as Bronner acknowledges, that the Enlightenment was always open to distortion (Bronner, 2004). It is clear that “the eighteenth century, Enlightenment philosophes judged people largely according to their moral capacities”. And yet:
By the second half of the nineteenth century, biology determined identity and fate. It was, in the words of historian Nancy Stepan, ‘a move away from an eighteenth century optimism about man, and faith in the adaptability of man’s universal “nature”, towards a nineteenth century biological pessimism.’ And such biological pessimism marked a shift ‘from an emphasis on the fundamental physical and moral homogeneity of man, despite superficial differences, to an emphasis on the essential heterogeneity of mankind, despite superficial similarities.’ (Malik, 2013b)
The enlightenment is not to blame for this turn, as so much of the leading scholarship makes clear. Indeed, contra to the postmodern and poststructural critique which lays blame at the feet of the enlightenment for a whole list of things, the core problem really is a betrayal of this important historical project.
3. The Enlightenment and its Betrayal: A Critique
So what of this idea of the betrayal of the enlightenment? The work that seems to most closely touch on this issue (outside of more contemporary literature) can perhaps be found in a critical and advancing reading of Dialectic of Enlightenment.
Originally published in 1964, Adorno and Horkheimer’s text remains one of the more widely read critical surveys in relation to the Enlightenment and social development. Tracing the roots of “the self-destruction of enlightenment” (p. xvi), their research can be described as “an interdisciplinary experiment”, not unlike the research presented in this paper. “Neither a work of history, anthropology, sociology, nor politics”, Adorno and Horkheimer “instead combined these disciplines to remarkable effect” (Bronner, 2004). Providing one of the deepest accounts of society’s long-standing entanglement in blind domination (Adorno and Horkheimer, 2002, p. xviii), or what we might more accurately nail down in terms of a study of social pathology, they essentially “turned the accepted notion of progress upside down” (Bronner, 2004). Bronner writes:
The scientific method of the Enlightenment, according to the authors, may have originally intended to serve the ideals of human liberation in an assault upon religious dogma. Yet the power of scientific reason ultimately wound up being directed not merely against the gods, but all metaphysical ideas—including conscience and freedom—as well. “Knowledge” became divorced from “information,” norms from facts, and the scientific method, increasingly freed from any commitment to liberation, transformed nature into an object of domination, and itself into a whore employed by the highest bidder. (Bronner, 2004)
It’s hard to know what to make of the dialectic of enlightenment. On my reading of the scholarship, Adorno and Horkheimer essentially sought in this widely reference book to contribute a critical account toward dispelling the myth of a clean and linear form of progress (Allen, 2016), or, at least, to provide an extra layer of nuance that progress has not been without human sin. But it should be understood that, as alluded earlier, while they offered a critique of the Enlightenment, at no point did they seem to aim to do away with the Enlightenment (Adorno and Horkheimer, 2002, pp. xvi, xviii). In fact, it is stated quite clearly that the authors sought to work through the betrayal of the enlightenment for the benefit of the enlightenment (Bronner, 2004; Sherman, 2007; Smith, 2015a; Allen, 2016). Adorno and Horkheimer aimed to expose how the Enlightenment had been betrayed, even indicating their intention to “prepare the way for a positive notion of enlightenment, which will release it from entanglement in blind domination” (Adorno and Horkheimer, 2002; p. xvi). Oftentimes their language can appear confusing, as they speak of “enlightenment regress” and “the self-destruction of the enlightenment” and the regress of “enlightenment reason to myth”, which I tend to read as the regress of society to myth and not the actual regress of “enlightenment reason” (Sherman, 2007). As Bronner points out, the authors also talked about writing a sequel that would have carried a title something like “Reclaiming the Enlightenment” (Bronner, 2004; p.9), and one could take this to support the claim that the best or most progressive reading of their popular critique is one that is in no way “anti-enlightenment”, but rather one that tries to explain how the enlightenment was betrayed, which, for Adorno and Horkheimer, eventually leads to a critique of capitalism, its internal rationale and cultural industries.
For the purpose of this paper, I do not intend to offer a comprehensive engagement with this book and it numerous theses. My interest is primarily in the notion of regression, ethics and on Adorno and Horkheimer’s “domination of nature” thesis. For a fuller treatment of the book, its main arguments, as well as an analysis of legitimate and illegitimate criticisms, a selection of quality scholarly texts have been published in recent years (Brunkhorst, 1999; Bernstein, 2001; Sherman, 2007; Zuidervaart, 2007; Cook, 2011; Leiss, 2011; Vogel, 2011; Smith, 2015a). More recently, Allen (2016) offers a summarily introduction to Horkheimer and Adorno’s Dialectic of Enlightenment in relation to a study of the alternative histories of Enlightenment modernity.
ii) Social development entwined with power? – Dialectic of Enlightenment
One of the more basic arguments presented in Dialectic of Enlightenment and, too, in Adorno’s own analysis with regards to the psychology of civilization, has to do with the author’s well-known thesis concerning “the domination of nature”. Here we understand in particularly existential terms (Smith, 2015a) that irrational fear or anxiety not only once drove Myth but also the betrayal of the Enlightenment in terms of society’s regress to irrationality. According to Adorno and Horkheimer, the domination of human beings’ natural environment was made possible by controlling human beings’ inner nature – what we may also equate to psychological repression – which thus is said to ultimately lead to a limitation of the human horizon to cycles of self-preservation and power (Adorno and Horkheimer, 2002; Sherman, 2007; Zuidervaart, 2007; Cook, 2011; Smith, 2015a).
In psychological terms it seems that one could speculate a link between fear-driven social drives and the pathology of development (Smith, 2016), as there are a number of psychological theories that discuss a certain hardening effect of “the ego” which has subordinated itself to the specific socio-economic system in the interest of individual self-preservation. Or so goes the argument. In this sense perhaps a constructive reading of Dialectic of Enlightenment is one which combines Adorno and Horkheimer’s social philosophical theses with contemporary research in psychology, wherein the author’s “domination of nature” thesis – including a critique of the modern genesis of what they term instrumental reason – refers simultaneously to the systemic or structural workings of capitalism as well as to a radical existential thesis (Smith, 2015a) based on the notion of ‘self-preservation gone wild’ (Cook, 2011) that affirms the capitalist structure-agency relation? This is of course philosophical speculation, but it is interesting to think about: that is, the relation between social structures and systems and the development of the subject.
Understanding the problem of regress as a continuation of the impulse toward absolute identity and mastery – the epistemology of myth – which is rooted in the existential thesis of irrational self-preservation drives (Smith, 2015a), the argument seems how the basic impetus of “instrumental rationality” is to essentially attack the very thing it is supposed to serve. For the authors, it seems to make the most sense to read their argument in terms of how instrumental reason is in a sense a regressed form of the aspirations of enlightenment rationality in which society has regressed to myth coupled with the hardened, closed nature of “constitutive subjectivity” (Adorno, 1992; Sherman, 2007). As we read in the more anthropological part of the book, the authors reflect on what they hypothesize about the association between the domination of the object and of one’s self for the benefit of increasing control of (internal and external) nature.
…the justifying idea of a divine commandment to subdue the earth and to have dominion over all creatures reduces the sensitivity of civilized humans for the conditions of their violent domination of nature organized in and by society. Finally, the internalized violent domination of nature also facilitates the use of force in social life. (Fischer, 2011)
If the Enlightenment was about liberating life, society, culture, and our common human values from the authority and control of the Church and the closed structure of medieval society (Bronner, 2004; Pagden, 2013), society has regressed – or, more accurately, has the tendency to regress – to replicating now global trends of domination (Zuidervaart, 2007). The God-ordained order of the universe mediated by the church might have been sought to be broken through the earliest philosophical and practical developments of the free flourishing of the human subject – human freedom, initiative, discovery, exploration and egalitarianism. However, as we learn, these ultimately humanistic values were eventually betrayed (Adorno and Horkheimer, 2002). Instead of genuinely serving to liberate the person and society from external authority and oppressive governments, how enlightenment values are realized today are said to have been increasingly appropriated by dominant, controlling and exploitative ideologies. The clearest and most direct example can be found in the contemporary context of global capitalist ideology.
“Instrumental reason” was seen as merging with what Marx termed the “commodity form” underpinning capitalist social relations. Everything thereby became subject to the calculation of costs and benefits. Even art and aesthetic tastes would become defined by a “culture industry”—intent only upon maximizing profits by seeking the lowest common denominator for its products. Instrumental rationality was thus seen as stripping the supposedly “autonomous” individual, envisioned by the philosophes, of both the means and the will to resist manipulation by totalitarian movements. Enlightenment now received two connotations: its historical epoch was grounded in an anthropological understanding of civilization that, from the first, projected the opposite of progress. This gave the book its power: Horkheimer and Adorno offered not simply the critique of some prior historical moment in time, but of all human development. This made it possible to identify enlightenment not with progress, as the philistine bourgeois might like to believe, but rather—unwittingly—with barbarism, Auschwitz, and what is still often called “the totally administered society.” (Bronner, 2004)
Adorno and Horkheimer seem to offer a number of explanations as to where things have gone wrong. One such explanation concerns the critical analysis of the emergence of a certain analytic structure (Sherman, 2007) that exists as the inner most logic or epistemology of capitalism. One could also describe the issue along the lines of a critique of a certain cognitive paradigm (Cook, 2004; Smith, 2015e). Tracing the general tendency of the social regress to myth, of society’s regress from reason to irrationality, this analytic structure or cognitive paradigm is particularly dominating and coercive, driven to reduce everything to the realm of profit by way of exploiting scientific and technological means (Sherman, 2007; Zuidervaart; Cook, 2011; Smith, 2015a, 2015e; De Graaff, 2016). However, Adorno and Horkheimer seem to argue that these issues didn’t start with the Enlightenment, as they trace the problem back to “primitive objectification” (Smith, 2015a). Moreover, along anthropological and epistemological lines, the example of how certain nature religions, in response to nature as fate, deified a particular dimension of life in attempt to obtain mastery of nature seems particularly apt (Smith, 2015a, 2015e; De Graaff, 2016).
… Dialectic of Enlightenment is best read as an account of the human inclination to constantly drive toward establishing a sense of (existentially-centered) dominant security in the name of the absolute, there is no better example of primitive objectification than in how certain nature religions, especially those who, in response to nature as fate, deified “fertility”. In this case, “fertility” was made absolute – it was universalized as an absolute faith-based principle – while the other dimensions of life were perceived as inferior or secondary. The objective of such deification? To master nature, or, at least, achieve a sense of mastery over nature. Was it possible that nature be actually mastered? No. But the existence of the drive to do so is precisely what is important to acknowledge. Moreover, the mythic concept of fertility in the past was really an effort to obtain a (false) sense of control over pure fate, not only in terms of pregnancy and childbearing, but also in terms of an attempt to control the fate of future harvests, and so on. Thus human beings turned the concept of fertility into the god of Fertility – into an Idol, an absolute or “totalized experiential orientation” in order to achieve a (false) sense of ultimate security in the midst of extremely precarious life. […] In the same way that the deification of the concept of fertility resulted in the securing of a “totalized experiential orientation”, so too does the drive of abstract [economic] reason aim toward a certain analytical and explanatory schema which, in turn, fosters a totalized and reductionistic approach to the phenomenal world. Adorno’s critique of the principle of “universal exchange” is more than telling in this regard. In the case of both myth and instrumental reason, it has already been described how everything tends to get reduced to the status of mere ‘object’ which can therefore be manipulated and controlled – where everything can be absolutely accounted for. Thus the statement by Horkheimer and Adorno that the enlightenment confuses “the animate with the inanimate, just as myth compounds the inanimate with the animate”. (Smith, 2015a)
Some thinkers have recently criticized Adorno and Horkheimer’s “domination of nature” thesis. William Leiss, focusing on a passage by Horkheimer’s, reflects how for the author the problem of “primitive objectification” relates to the “disease of reason” insofar “that reason was born from man’s urge to dominate nature” ( Horkheimer, 2003), claiming that this formulation leaves “no exit” (Leiss, 2011). Additionally, another problem seems to be that Adorno and Horkheimer’s arguments can often also be interpreted as saying that reason itself is the disease. This strikes a similar point as Habermas’ critique (Zuidervaart, 2007; Sherman, 2007). To be sure, it is true that, while Adorno and Horkheimer wish to preserve some hope for a positive conception of enlightenment (Adorno and Horkheimer, 2002, pp. xvi, xviii), they ultimately seem to leave us with few glimpses as to what this positive conception might look like (Bronner, 2004; Zuidervaart, 2007; Smith, 2015a; Allen, 2016). The reason for this, Bronner speculates, “is that the logic of their argument ultimately left them with little positive to say. Viewing instrumental rationality as equivalent with the rationality of domination, and this rationality with an increasingly seamless bureaucratic order, no room existed any longer for a concrete or effective political form of opposition” (Bronner, 2004, pp. 3-4). There would certainly seem to be an element of truth to this observation.
What is most interesting about this book, and perhaps what remains relevant, is its notion of regression and its sense of betrayal.
Though the book lacks nuance and certainly makes some questionable claims, it would seem that accepted scholarship leans toward the idea that a correct or progressive reading is one which understands that at no point do Adorno and Horkheimer claim power and reason are absolutely identical (Sherman, 2007; Zuidervaart, 2007; Cook, 2011; Allen, 2016). One of the basic theses at the core of the book concerns how reason becomes entwined with, if not in the service of, power. In truth, we could probably substitute the use of “power” with the basic thesis regarding social pathology and the problem of how values are realized and formed within a pathological society.
At the same time, Adorno and Horkheimer seem to be proponents of enlightenment reason and of the value of objectivity. To make matters more confusing, they use the notion of “instrumental reason” to describe what seems to be a particular form of rationality that has been brought into the service of dominating social systems and drives. Philosophically, as we read, it is no longer reason as a means itself; rather it is reason bound to dominant ends. In other words, the argument seems to be that reason is being pulled into the service of less than rational ends. Perhaps, in this sense, the main point of Adorno and Horkheimer’s analysis, as David Sherman (2007) highlights, is that the relation between reason and domination is firstly socially focused and secondly it is historically contingent. Indeed, Allen (2016) writes: “If, however, the relationship between reason and domination is historically contingent, and if it doesn’t involve a reduction of reason per se to domination, then the paradox emerges from a certain process of rationalization and is not internal to reason as such” (Allen, 2016, p. 170). In this sense, it is a certain form of social reason – a certain use of human rationality that is no longer rational. In other words, there has been a social regress to myth or irrationality, which perhaps attests to Axel Honneth’s use of the phrase the “deficit of reason” in contemporary society.
This is exactly what was meant earlier in reference to a critique of a certain analytic structure or cognitive paradigm. In the same sense that the author’s critique of scientism is not the same as a critique of science, it is particularly fruitful to read relevant sections of Dialectic of Enlightenment as a critique of the betrayal of reason as both conceptual and historically contingent (Allen, 2016, p. 170). This is what gives possibility to the hope of a positive conception of enlightenment from within the context of the dialectic of enlightenment; because the focus of study is a particular deformation of reason. As Allen summarizes: “In this sense, Horkheimer and Adorno do posit an essential tension between enlightenment rationality in the broad sense and power relations understood as the control or domination of inner and outer nature” (Allen, 2016, p. 171).
The source of the fascist and totalitarian regression to barbarism that Horkheimer and Adorno witnessed as they wrote this text in the early 1940s, against the backdrop of the war and the horrors of Nazism, is not merely the concrete historical or institutional forms of enlightenment thinking: it appears to be enlightenment rationality itself, which they describe as “corrosive” and “totalitarian”. The key to this shocking claim lies in the meaning of the term “enlightenment”. It refers not – at least not exclusively and not even primarily – to the historical epoch of European Enlightenment that began in France and flowered in Germany in the eighteenth century, but rather to a more general process of progressive rationalization that enables human beings to exercise greater and greater power over nature, over other human being, and over themselves. It is the latter meaning of “enlightenment” that allows Horkheimer and Adorno to link enlightenment rationality with the will to mastery, control and the domination of inner and outer nature; this will to mastery comes to fruition in the historical period known as the Enlightenment, but it does not originate there. (Allen, 2016, p. 167)
What motivates such social regression from the positive, enlightenment, critically self-reflective, and emancipatory reason to a negative, totalitarian, and dominant form is thought to be revealed from deep within. Adorno and Horkheimer offer one interesting site of examination: what motivates today’s blind pattern of domination is irrational fear (Zuidervaart, 2007). “The gods cannot takeaway fear from human beings, the petrified cries of whom they bear as their names. Humans believe themselves free of fear when there is no longer anything unknown. […] Enlightenment is mythical fear radicalized. […] Nothing is allowed to remain outside, since the mere idea of the “outside” is the real source of fear” (Adorno and Horkheimer, 2002, p.11).
According to Horkheimer and Adorno, the source of today’s disaster is a pattern of blind domination, domination in a triple sense: the domination of nature by human beings, the domination of nature within human beings, and, in both of these forms of domination, the domination of some human beings by others. What motivates such triple domination is an irrational fear of the unknown. […] In an unfree society whose culture pursues so-called progress no matter what the cost, that which is “other,” whether human or nonhuman, gets shoved aside, exploited, or destroyed. The means of destruction may be more sophisticated in the modern West, and the exploitation may be less direct than outright slavery, but blind, fear-driven domination continues, with ever greater global consequences. (Zuidervaart, 2011)
Adorno and Horkheimer’s task, then, was to hold a mirror up to societies that like to make claim to the enlightenment; thus to think through the pathological regression for the sake of the enlightenment. More clearly put: the aim is to hold up “a mirror” so as to “become aware of” such “regressive tendencies” (Allen, 2016, p. 168).
However, where Adorno and Horkheimer fail, I think, concerns firstly the lack of identifying of the underlying existential aspect of this drive to dominate nature (Smith, 2015a) and the historical contingency of the betrayal of the enlightenment in relation to a deeper notion of social pathology and pathological social development. Secondly, while Adorno in particular offers many elaborate analyses, not least in Negative Dialectics, when it comes to the tension between what is called instrumental rationality and power relations, he never quite gets to the core of the issue and in many ways his account seems to lack differentiation (Zuidervaart, 2007).
“If the relationship between reason and domination is a conceptual aporia, and if this means that reason is reduced to domination, then either there is no rational way out, in which case the way out can only be found through a nostalgic return to a romanticized understanding of magic or mimesis, or the way out can only be found by articulating an alternative conception of reason”. (Allen, 2016, p. 170)
On this reason, Adorno and Horkheimer do not disentangle this counterfeit form of social-economic rationality and its thirst for power once and for all, so as to then highlight a positive value of a revived enlightenment reason. But they do leave us with a sense of direction. They leave us, in other words, with a critical examination which renders social rational capacity self-aware of its entanglement with power (Allen, 2016, p. 172). This entanglement is not inevitable; it is a trend or tendency (Zuidervaart, 2007; Smith, 2015a), and in this sense their “domination of nature” thesis should be understood as preparing the way for potentially radical reflection on a fundamental alternative paradigm (Smith, 2015e). “On their understanding, the concept of enlightenment is not in itself barbaric or totalitarian; rather, it is deeply ambivalent, in the sense that it contains the potential to descend into barbarism and totalitarianism” (Allen, 2016, 173). I would personally be inclined to offer the caveat that this potential is not of the enlightenment itself, but, to clarify, is the risk of pathological society in which the most positive of values can be realized in the most distorted of ways.
iii) “Domination of Nature” – Moving the debate forward
In Christoph Görg’s (2011) article, “Societal Relationships with Nature: A Dialectical Approach to Environmental Politics”, we read in parts an argument toward how, as humans, we cannot avoid exploiting and transforming nature. Presenting an account of the reality that society has always had to extract from nature – that, in systems terms, there has always been a degree of entropy (Prew, 2015) – Görg offers a critical intervention against the extremist views represented in Deep Ecology or in anti-extractivist movements. He explains that a certain degree of exploitation and transformation of nature is a “natural” aspect of human society. This view would certainly also be backed by science. In light of Adorno and with Dialectic of Enlightenment in mind, Görg asserts that, if contemporary critical theory is going to grasp a critical ecology, we must understand that: “society is […] always dependent on its material conditions of existence, which are anchored in nature” (Görg, 2011, p.49). He then presents a striking discussion on how society can no longer ignore that such dependencies exist (Görg, 2011, p.49), calling, in turn, for a more advanced understanding of the mastery of nature, which, fundamentally speaking, requires that we “distinguish among the appropriation of nature for human needs” , the “destruction of nature”, and the “mastery of nature” (Görg, 2011, p.49). For Görg, “the former two are to some degree necessary”, “whereas the mastery of nature refers to a neglect of the non-identity of nature” (Görg, 2011, p.49).
It should be stated explicitly that Görg’s philosophical reflections correlate with scientific approaches to the issue of natural extraction. As we learn in systems analysis, for example, the problem isn’t entropy per se but the rate of entropy (Prew, 2015). Regarding this last point, the “non-identity of nature” that Görg describes is in reference to Adorno’s negative dialectics. What is important to note is that, what Görg is pursuing in his application of Adorno is a critique of the “total subsumption” of nature under societal aims (i.e., under capitalist forms of appropriation), which essentially functions without respecting that nature has its own meaning. This is a very similar reading of Adorno and Horkheimer’s “domination of nature” thesis as found in Lambert Zuidervaart’s Social Philosophy after Adorno (2007).
In short, for Görg, we can effect change within our current sociohistorical-cultural circumstances and, indeed, we must alter our way of doing things (Görg, 2011, p. 49). However, the fundamental issue we face today – or at least one of the fundamental issues we face – does not necessarily pertain to the will to dominate or master nature; rather, Görg sees the problem as being in the pervasive manner in which capitalism drives to accumulate. It is hard to argue against this claim. One of the most destructive parts of capitalism, as we increasingly witness, is its lack of concern with regards to natural limitations. Hence one of the basic arguments by green movements regarding the insanity of ‘pursuing constant growth on a planet of finite resources’. The logic of critique here speaks clearly for itself – as does the science.
For Adorno as well as other philosophers that I have read, a critique of the “domination of nature” seems to indicate an critique of epistemology, wherein resides the disputed philosophical relation between subject and object. In considering this disputed relation, “the question of normative judgements about economic systems” comes to the fore (Zuidervaart, 2007, p. 120). As Zuidervaart asserts: “the subject-object relation and the question of normative critique are at work in “The Concept of Enlightenment”” (Zuidervaart, 2007, p. 120), which is the first essay in Dialectic of Enlightenment. Zuidervaart goes on to explain:
This can be seen from the prominence given to a pattern of blind domination when Adorno and Horkheimer explain the “disaster triumphant” that has befallen “the wholly enlightened earth.” In their account, blind domination occurs in three tightly interlinked modes: as human domination over nature; as domination over nature within human existence; and, within both of these modes, as the domination of some human beings by others. To provide terminological markers for these three modes of domination, I shall use the terms “control”, “repression,” and “exploitation,” respectively. Critics of Adorno either downplay one of these modes or argue that they are not tightly interlinked in the manner he suggests. My own response is that all three modes do actually characterize modern Western societies and that understanding their interlinkage is crucial for a transformative social theory. (Zuidervaart, 2007, p. 121)
In pursuing his analysis of these three interlinked modes of domination, Zuidervaart claims that each requires its own form of normative critique (Zuidervaart, 2007, p. 121). Indeed, if Dialectic of Enlightenment “hovers near the trap of totalizing critique”, this is because “it does not differentiate sufficiently in its critique of domination” (Zuidervaart, 2007, p. 121). Accordingly, Zuidervaart, a notable Adornian scholar, aims to contribute constructively to the retrieval and advancement of Dialectic of Enlightenment by showing why:
1) For Adorno and Horkheimer, violence is systemic, particularly insofar that “this systemic violence has emerged in a specific configuration, namely, in the imbrication of control (Naturbeherrschung) with repression and exploitation (Zuidervaart, 2007, p. 121).
2) Why the differentiation of cultural spheres, and particular advances within science, art, and morality, are neither separate from nor reducible to societal tendencies (Zuidervaart, 2007, p. 121).
3) If developments within the cultural sphere are to “deliver what they promise – for so-called progress not to be cursed with “irresistible regression” – systemic violence needs to be recognized and resisted”, a point which, for Zuidervaart, is the truth to Adorno’s “remembrance of nature” (Zuidervaart, 2007, p. 121).
Zuidervaart’s analysis seem to allow for a more fine philosophical intervention in a critique of control in relation to the need for control (that is, the difference of self-preservation drives being realized in an irrational way or a rational way). Moreover, in return to Görg’s article, his argument could be strengthened by Zuidervaart’s sufficient differentiation in his analysis of Adorno’s critique of domination (Smith, 2015a). As Zuidervaart also argues, not all control of nature is illegitimate (Zuidervaart, 2007, p. 121). “In fact, [Adorno] regards some control to be necessary if human freedom is to be possible” (Zuidervaart, 2007, p. 121). But, as in Görg’s essay, the question that ultimately arises concerns, “how the distinction should be drawn between legitimate and liberating control, on the one hand, and illegitimate and destructive control, on the other” (Zuidervaart, 2007, p. 121).
Zuidervaart offers one possible solution. He argues that if the hope of modernity and the enlightenment gets distorted in a regress driven by fear, then an alternative to this fear would presumably be a form of recognition, which Adorno’s Eingedenken der Natur suggests (Zuidervaart, 2007, p. 121). And yet, as Zuidervaart reflects, “it cannot be a straightforward recognition of “nature” as “other” (Zuidervaart, 2007, p. 121). Nor can this recognition “be merely a recognition of nature’s power as the object of fear” (Zuidervaart, 2007, p. 121). Instead, Zuidervaart argues, this recognition must be a form of “mutual intersubjectivity of human beings with other creatures in the dimensions of life they share” (Zuidervaart, 2007, p. 121).
The control of nature becomes violent when it does not promote the interconnected flourishing of all creatures but promotes human flourishing at the expense of all other creatures. The formation of the self becomes violent when it represses urges and desires that would lead to the satisfaction of basic needs. And the social distribution of power becomes exploitative, and therefore illegitimate and destructive, when it persistently promotes the apparent flourishing of one group at the expense of another (Zuidervaart, 2007, p. 124).
4. The complex relation between science and society
To consider the lengths of such philosophical debates and reflection is challenging, stimulating and cause for reflection (regardless of whether one agrees or disagrees with the conclusions or arguments). When it comes to science, what is one to make of the argument that society and its rationale can or does become entwined with domination?
As a young scientist, what concerns me most is the status of society in relation to the health of science. As individual scientists, we each belong to this social world to whatever extent and in spite of how much one may try to distance oneself from it or to try to intervene rationally, one cannot fully escape it. Thankfully, though, the natural sciences are not without reflecting on the issue of objectivity and the need to constantly defend scientific practices against cognitive biases, and this remains an important normative site of defense. This struggle and concern can be evidenced for instance in an article by physicist Sabine Hossenfelder, where she reflects:
To me, our inability — or maybe even unwillingness — to limit the influence of social and cognitive biases in scientific communities is a serious systemic failure. We don’t protect the values of our discipline. The only response I see are attempts to blame others: funding agencies, higher education administrators or policy makers. But none of these parties is interested in wasting money on useless research. They rely on us, the scientists, to tell them how science works.
I offered examples for the missing self-correction from my own discipline. It seems reasonable that social dynamics is more influential in areas starved of data, so the foundations of physics are probably an extreme case. But at its root, the problem affects all scientific communities. Last year, the Brexit campaign and the US presidential campaign showed us what post-factual politics looks like — a development that must be utterly disturbing for anyone with a background in science. Ignoring facts is futile. But we too are ignoring the facts: there’s no evidence that intelligence provides immunity against social and cognitive biases7, so their presence must be our default assumption. And just as we have guidelines to avoid systematic bias in data analysis, we should also have guidelines to avoid systematic bias stemming from the way human brains process information.
This means, for example, that we shouldn’t punish researchers for working in unpopular fields, filter information using friends’ recommendations or allow marketing tactics, and should counteract loss aversion with incentives to switch fields and give more space to knowledge not already widely shared (to prevent the ‘shared information bias’). Above all, we should start taking the problem seriously.
Why hasn’t it been taken seriously so far? Because scientists trust science. It’s always worked, and most scientists are optimistic it will continue to work — without requiring their action. But this isn’t the eighteenth century. Scientific communities have changed dramatically in the past few decades.
I don’t have nearly as much experience yet as Sabine and other physicists, who will no doubt be able to offer much more substantiated analysis. Perhaps in years ahead as I become a more seasoned physicist I will be able to reflect more on practice and the nuances of the issues. Over the years, however, I have had the opportunity to survey quite an extensive body of literature, and one of the things that seems clear to me in my current readings is that the relation between society and science is nothing short of complicated. Cognitive bias is something that science must constantly defend itself against. But what, also, of the social status of scientific outputs? Perhaps this is a question for moral and ethical philosophy, but it doesn’t seem to be taken seriously enough as a site for deep reflection. And this is the lesson I take from an engagement with the philosophical discourses described above.
Moreover, there seems to be a lot of evidence that scientific knowledge, as it enters into the social world (which is not to say scientific knowledge itself), can be used for destructive purposes – that the output of science, as it becomes mediated by irrational social forces, can be used to serve systems of political bias, economic exploitation, among other things. This is a really difficult issue to nail down. On the one hand, science and scientific practice exists generally within a special epistemological space. It generally does possess a certain autonomy that we really don’t see in many other parts of society, thanks largely to the many safeguards in place that ensure the objective rigour of scientific knowledge and practice. But what about the social factor external to science and thus the mediation of scientific advancement within the context of the social world? There is also, too, a question here about the status of reason and objectivity within the industrial sciences.
In critical philosophy, there seems to be a lot of confused literature and perspective that conflates the social and thus also pathological influence placed on scientific outputs with a critique of the whole modern scientific enterprise. It is quite a minefield and difficult to navigate. But from the perspective of moral and ethical philosophy, perhaps the question concerns how values are realized in an irrational society?
One of the most pertinent questions I’ve come across in recent time asks: In an age of great scientific achievement and technological advancement, “why does needless social suffering persist?” Science is the driving force of progress, but as the philosopher Adorno reflected, “can there be a good life in a bad society?”
Maybe there is a deeper truth about a certain contradiction or antagonism that science faces external to science, in terms of its ethical position within a less than ethical society? Consider studies which have expressed concern about the links between scientific output and how these outputs are exploited to serve the military-industrial complex, whose rationale is often systemically linked to exploitative political economy. It is at least worth raising the question, and it is at least worth reflecting on whether there is a real ethical problem about how, as we read in philosophy, the positive value of science is always under threat in terms of its output in an irrational social world (not to mention also in terms of anti-science political movements). For example, think of the development of lifesaving medicines such as penicillin, and yet the logic of modern society – its political and economic systems and structures – enforces in many countries a financial barrier that blocks a lot of people from accessing such an important form of antibiotics. The other day I read a story about an individual in the U.S. who turned down needed medical treatment because they couldn’t afford it. Similarly, there’s a well-documented case currently unfolding where the drug Sofosbuvir, a cure for hepatitis C, is caught in the grips of a patent war. It has been estimated that there are currently 80 million people with hepatitis C, and only 5.4m have access to sofosbuvir. If this patent war goes to the side of pharmaceutical giant Gilead, millions of people will likely continue to not have access to this important drug.
In relation to the above engagement with the dialectic of enlightenment, perhaps this is the more constructive and lucid meaning that can be deduced from the philosophical argument about the betrayal of the enlightenment; about the advent of a systemic instrumental economic rationality that in essence signifies a regress to myth; and about society’s entwinement with domination. To word it differently: is there value in thinking about how scientific outputs can or do (to whatever extent) become entwined with systems and forces of domination? If this question is considered valid, then the next question would likely concern how might we go about an empirical study and assessment of the issue.
5. Grounding normativity
I think another lesson that I’ve been able to derive from critical social philosophy, particularly in relation to the above, concerns the question of how normative universal values are realized. This may seem like a simple realization, but the main takeaway I think is the need for critical and ethical reflection on the status of core values. That also includes the question of how human rationality is realized in society. These ethical and moral philosophical reflections extend beyond the limits of this article, but what I would like to start thinking about is according to what ethical criteria might we normatively judge and assess the status of important humanistic values. Consider “democracy”, for example. Many of the prevailing forms of capitalistic democracy don’t actually seem that democratic in structure and practice, if one weighs the actual content of the value of democracy against today’s popular standard. There are many insightful studies about this, and how the mainstream standard of democracy today is positioned quite far from the actual critical normative (enlightenment) value of democracy, conceived primarily as an egalitarian principle.
In recognizing basic core enlightenment and humanistic values – like democracy, reason, equality, egalitarianism or even more practically, such as in ecological sustainability and community – one of the goals I think should be to ground these ideals in an objective and evidenced-based framework. The universal normativism of enlightenment values already begins to provide a foundation according to which one can assess and judge the status of society. The principle of egalitarianism, both in terms of social relations and how we relate to the natural world, which implies among other things that needless social suffering ought to be diminished if not eradicated altogether, this already helps keep in check the value of democratic systems. If modern political economy does not contribute to an increase in equality, to the diminishing of needless suffering, to an increase in democratic relations, and to economic sustainability, then we know something is wrong. On the basis of these ethical considerations, the goal would then perhaps be to ensure a normative theory of values in which the assessment of the development of those values is predicated on an open, rational form of critical consideration. Rather than any current system or cultural value-formation being hypostatized and made absolute, and thus non-negotiable, normative values are, well, critical and normative. They are also open to positive future development, to the fluid process of change and creation. Anyone familiar with the Enlightenment philosophes will recognize the general direction of such an argument. More practically put: values are unfolding, changing, negotiable, and yet they are also universal. Thus, in my own words, they are always subject to critical thinking and reflection, to non-bias, non-partisan mediation. If our current form of economy or democracy is no longer considered adequate when weighed against the objective demands of universal health and well-being, then perhaps there is a better form? Economic democracy is a good example.
In some sense, the lesson is very much indebted to the scientific mindset: if a theory no longer coincides with the evidence, with the empirical data, then it must be discarded. Phenomena keep unfolding, we continuously learn more about the social and natural world, and thus also our historical circumstances keep changing and call for new responses or perspectives.
Basic values like freedom, justice, solidarity, etc. are perceived not as abstract values given by god, authorized by the church, or as part of an abstract theoretical and political framework; but as a fundamental “life direction” which speak to us throughout human history. Rather than maintaining an abstract status as core values tend to in a lot of political social theory, perhaps what is called for is a much more open evidence-based process. It would seem, at least from everything that I’ve read, that an evidence-based approach is really the only foundation from which one can rely on and start moving forward and building from.
But an evidence-based approach must also be objective, unbiased and non-partisan, otherwise people can tailor their facts and even what evidence they look for in terms of their own political prejudices. Additionally, an evidence-based approach to policy and to social debate must surely be grounded in reason and the value of rational thought, investigation and deliberation. Perhaps I am wrong, but I consider reason and rationality – the process of rational investigation and consideration – to be a complex form enquiry that considers the object, phenomenon or situation in its complexity and integrality. Take, for instance, evidence-based approaches to policy concerning poverty. Research might find that a certain policy for longer working hours reduces poverty. Thus, that policy might be deemed economically successful. But what about the effect on individual health and well being? What effect does it have on family life and relationships? On this point, an evidence-based approach should consider the holistic reality and not just a one-dimensional perspective of investigation. It is about thinking of issues in their integrality and multidimensionality; it’s about thinking of reality in its complexity as opposed to the purely economic for instance. Another example concern disability policy. Government policy regarding cuts to disability benefits might evidence incentive for more people to work. But what about individual health and well being? Is it for the benefit of the individual? Lots of people with disabilities struggle to work, and what if they’re forcing themselves to work against the betterment of their well being due to the threat of economic precarity? In many ways it is about asking the right questions, openly enquiring and surveying, and most of all it is about thinking of the issues, of reality, in all its complexity.
Maybe I am wrong to raise the question: but does a purely economic-bound approach to policy and governance signal a rational approach? An integral and holistic approach can be learned from science. I think science teaches more than it does not about how nature is not just something distinct from or over against humans and human society (Görg, 2011). In some of my first environmental science classes I learned about our understanding of the integral unity and inter-connectedness of all of life and about the sensitive interconnectedness of eco-systems. For me, science helps reinforce the sensibility that we are an inseparable part of the ecological embeddedness of all life on earth, including human life, health and well-being. To this point, one of my favourite contemporary physicists, Brian Cox, recently commented: “Science is not a collection of absolute truths. Scientists are delighted when we are wrong because it means we have learnt something.” The deeper lesson, he suggested, is that “the scientific way of thinking is the road to better politics. The value of science is in embracing doubt.” In its rational openness and process of unbiased critical objectivity, the scientific mindset could inform an approach to public affairs “not by saying ‘this is absolutely right’ but by saying this is the best thing to do based on what we currently know”.
Democracy, respect, equality, science, community, horizontal leadership – they are what Arnold De Graaff calls “guideposts”, and they reverberate across time and “speak” in our experience with one another, especially when we look at things as objectively and with as little bias as possible. I would be inclined to argue that issues speak very objectively. Climate change is very clear and so are issues of sustainability. But such a lucidity so easily gets blocked in a social world defined by prejudiced subjectivity and ideological politicians. The ailing reverberates.
Ultimately, perhaps a reclaiming and re-energizing of the enlightenment also goes to help support the deepening of important humanistic values that also help foster a sensitivity about how we can no longer distance ourselves from the world of inanimate objects and living creatures. There is hardly an area of the earth – some pristine natural world – that is not touched by human activities. Even those wild, unexplored areas that may still exist in the world are subject to the consequences of changing jet streams and ocean currents, of air and water pollution, of the loss of hundreds of thousands of species of plants and animals, of northward and southward shifting populations of many creatures as a result of warming temperatures. Everything is inter-connected with everything else through a complex of ecological systems, sub-systems and feed-back loops. Perhaps this is one of the greatest lessons of the science of systems theory. Nothing exists just by itself. When one species of fish in the ocean is overfished, it can have radical effects on an off-shore fishery somewhere else. When trees are clear-cut in a particular mountainous area, it has drastic consequences for the whole eco system, the watersheds down the valley and mud slides covering whole villages. The emissions of coal generated power plants on one continent may result in air pollution and smog on another continent, as well as adding to the average rise of CO2. Some of the most isolated and ‘uninhabited’ polar regions are also some of the most polluted areas with rising temperatures and melting perma-frost. The examples are evident everywhere. The human community is inseparably intertwined with all the other non-human communities. Climate change and global warming have greatly underscored this inter-relationship.
The importance of protecting endangered species in different countries, for example, is not just about preserving one particular species of birds, animals, or plants, or even about protecting biodiversity in general, even though that is a serious issue in itself. Each species has its own worth and integrity that deserves protection. However, it helps our understanding even more when we become aware of the crucial role each species plays in the whole of the ecological system (De Graaff, 2016). Protecting plants and animals is about maintaining the integrity and ecological sustainability of the environment as a whole, including the human species. It means that we cannot think about the ocean, the air, the global wind and ocean currents, the fresh water supply, the soil, the land, the forests, or any particular species of animals or the inorganic world apart from the function they have in the total ecological system (De Graaff, 2016). There are many sub-systems and feedback loops that interact with each other. Drastically reducing one species of fish by overfishing or the decline of one kind of seagrass can mean the collapse or decline of an entire fishery. When we destroy, exploit, or pollute one ecological system or region, or one particular species, we often have no idea what the consequences will be until much later, when it may be too late (De Graaff, 2016). At some point there is the danger of the ‘tipping points’ where even two or three relatively minor changes can set off a chain reaction that is irreversible.
To gain an understanding of the environmental decline it is not sufficient to focus on one aspect or another or even a few aspects like global warming and climate change. All the ecological systems and subsystems seem to be interlinked and work in tandem. Temporary changes and fluctuations do not change the basic picture. Variations and some temporary ‘slowdowns’ in temperature, for example, are primarily related to oscillations in atmospheric and ocean currents. They do not change what is happening to the soil, or the fish stocks in the oceans or the decline and pollution of fresh water, or how long some glaciers will take to disappear. It is our human activities that have brought us to this crisis point.
In this context, maybe one is not too far off to suggest that we need an anthropology and an evolved enlightenment social epistemology that takes its starting point in the inextricable ecological unity and intertwinement of the inorganic, organic and human world. Considering “nature” as something separate that can be talked about apart from the human interaction and impact on “nature”, perhaps this leads to too much of removal of the interconnection between social and natural environments. It is one of the ways in which humans take control of and exploit the earth’s resources outside of reasonable limits and within evidenced based and informed systems. By contrast, many present-day ecologists and environmental scientists have adopted a holistic and integral viewpoint that is based on systems thinking and evolutionary processes. They use such concepts as ‘social-ecological systems’ that look at people and nature operating as interdependent systems (De Graaff, 2016). Journals like Ecology and Society and Conservation Biology are illustrative of this approach. This multi-dimensional unified perspective is also evident in the contributions of eco-socialists that start from the inseparable connection between eco-justice and social justice and the development of a multi-dimensional view of life (De Graaff, 2016).
This systemic ecological founding of all life means we are pursuing an enlightenment social philosophy judged by its egalitarian content and the not the mere form of a claim to values. The cosmos and our planet with all that it contains is living, developing, changing, intricate, and appears to still have many unexpected and unknown dimensions. There are many complex interconnections and dimensions that we are only beginning to understand. Along with an enlightenment view of epistemology and anthropology, this perspective has radical implications not only for our view of the earth and life beyond earth (cosmology) but also for our sense of normativity and morality as well as a phenomenological (‘lived’) ethics. Basing cosmology in the fundamental unity of life without artificial separation has far-reaching implications for our use of nature and the economic reduction of nature.
The argument that ‘we cannot avoid exploiting and transforming nature’, or that ‘not all control over nature is illegitimate’ can detract from moving our insight forward. All creatures, including the human species, ‘use’ other creatures and ‘transform’ their natural habitat. There are parasitic insects and birds, symbiotic relations that use each other, predators of all kinds, and so on. Different creatures transform their environment and use materials in all kinds of complex and intricate ways. In many ways ‘controlling’, ‘exploiting’ and ‘transforming’ is not an issue in itself. The problem is not whether we can use nature; all creatures do in a manner of speaking. Even posing the question of ‘good or bad’ and ‘legitimate or illegitimate’ use can be limiting if it is not followed by an extensive discussion of normative objective criteria for how we use the earth’s resources and creatures. The point, again, in systems language, is not that entropy exists, it is the rate of entropy that is the problem.
The primary question, then, is whether we are providing for our different needs in an ecologically sustainable way; that is the first and foremost issue with regard to the ‘use of nature’ (De Graaff, 2016). What effect does providing for our physical and social needs have on the total ecological system and the maintenance of the ecological balance? In our ‘control and use of nature’ are we respecting ecological boundaries, at least in as much as we have come to know them? Many, if not most industrial practices are not in harmony with these boundaries. Stabilizing the emission of greenhouse gasses by itself will likely not restore this balance. A second question, closely related, is what needs and wants do we try to meet and satisfy, primarily material ones or all human needs, from emotional, social, recreational, creative, relational, and explorative? (De Graaff, 2016). For me, these questions are rooted in and can also be guided by the foundational basis of enlightenment values.
In this sense most industrial farming, forestry, and fishing practices, fossil fuel extraction, mineral mining, manufacturing of steel, building materials, and cement, production and use of many chemicals, shipping and air freight systems, etc. are unsustainable ecologically (De Graaff, 2016). For each of these practices viable alternatives are available or being increasingly developed and progressed. However, without a radical systemic change there will be more disintegration, extinction, pollution, poisoning, devastating shortages, and a host of other consequences, like erratic and violent weather, global loss and decline of topsoil, depletion of fresh water, acidification of the oceans, further loss of biodiversity, climate and food refugees, ‘overpopulation’ and much more (De Graaff, 2016). This is the legacy of our un-economic and exploitative use of natural resources that disregards ecological boundaries and inter-connections.
By now it should be clear that what I am promoting is a scientific vision for a rational society.
What about technology? I, for one love technology, from building my own computers to keeping up with all of the amazing technological advancements. Is there a way we can conceive of technology within an enlightenment frame of reference that can serve and open up technological advancement to all of life? There are a lot of books and studies which discuss how, when technology is liberated from the straightjacket of one-dimensional economic practices, then perhaps it is allowed to foster a very different vision. Here durability, practicality, usefulness, simplicity, elegance can guide technological creativity and innovations instead of obsolescence and the constant pressure of developing ‘new products’ in the quest for more profits. Even from a material sciences perspective, the development of new sustainable building materials and intriguing new ways of constructing is exciting and inspiring. From smart homes and solar roof panels, small projects and models have been developed in different countries and have been shown at different international exhibitions. This is just a fragment of the rich technological movement currently unfolding.
New technologies and ways of manufacturing are there for us to see. People are doing some amazing things. If the normative principle of understanding resource limits is grounded for technology and manufacturing in terms of sustainability, durability, practicality, simplicity, comfort, elegance, and even democracy, then it is not hard to envision an even more exciting technological future.
In the end, if contemporary society is deprived of decency, justice, health, solidarity, democracy and egalitarianism, enlightenment values can also help guide how we move forward (Bronner, 2004). A fundamental and rational ethics in this regards represents a radical objective and scientific sense of direction that honours the very best of the Enlightenment philosophes while also seeking to contribute to them and the evolution of the enlightenment project as a whole. Informing a philosophy of history and social development, we have discussed how the enlightenment approach is a constant process of enquiry, debate, renewal and development (Bronner, 2004). A phenomenological ethics, in this sense, too, is expressed in a positive notion of enlightenment reason as being non-absolutizing. Concepts, theories, identities, are not static. Moral and ethical direction, too, is not hypostatized but subject to constant reflection and engagement in relation to unfolding reality, the obtaining of new facts and insights, and the changes realized in the process of time, duration and development. At the same time, science teaches us that there is objective reality and that truth must be striven for. On the bases of the lessons of the successes of the modern scientific endeavour, we might begin to develop a progressive and rational sense of social objectivity. In the spirit of the words by Cox: It is the overall direction that counts, step by step, and our willingness to retrace our steps and change course when needed. What this requires is an open, fluid, multidimensional view of change (Smith, 2014) that is principled on reason instead of its deficit. It requires the notion of Enlightenment reason as normative, practicing, critical, exploring and democratic.
Think, for instance, on a macro level: it is as simple as when our agricultural practices lead to ecological disintegration and climate change, we need to retrace our steps and make a radical change in agricultural practices. We can substantiate this need through our research and our scientific and empirical observations, which tells us something is wrong – the critical realities reveal that practice has gone terribly astray (Smith, 2015e). If our mining practices and the burning of fossil fuels lead to global warming, social injustice and crimes against humanity, we need to stop and come to our senses. If our oceans are acidifying and our fish stocks are depleting, we need to transform our economy. One can see in every aspect of the process that science and reason are at the heart of such a radical enlightenment social philosophy. The same is true on a micro-level. If local people don’t have a voice in what happens to their community, or if they can’t provide for themselves, or are dispossessed, or can’t use the food from their forests, or are deprived of clean water, we can know that something is drastically wrong and that there needs to be a structural change. The very enlightenment principle of democracy – let alone justice, human rights, and egalitarianism – has been betrayed. When a village cooperative becomes dictatorial and does not share equally, we know some fundamental directive for egalitarian relations has been violated. That does not mean that some situations can’t be complex and difficult to resolve, but the key directions are usually very clear. This is the point of a phenomenological ethics and the principle of rational, science-based, evidence-based, unbiased social objectivity and enlightenment epistemology.
During the Enlightenment leading scholars not only started to oppose the political, economic, social and moral power of the Church and tradition, but, even more fundamentally, they rejected the foundation of the Church’s authority. One of the great achievements of the Enlightenment project was that it made a radical break with a supernatural source of Revelation as the ultimate authority, power and norm for all of life. Even though many maintained a belief in God as the originator of the world that set things in motion, they held that it is up to humankind to discover the laws that govern life.
In re-enlivening the notion of universal enlightenment normativity, hence the Enlightenment concept of progress referenced earlier that is seen as open and unfolding, the grounded basis of the normativity of core humanistic values is in the constant openness and enquiry about their status, about the health and well-being of people and the planet, and about constantly surveying better possibilities and potentially more reconciled alternatives. Rather than protecting the status quo even if all the evidence points against it, a rational and enlightened society would be based on the foundations of the critical meaning of progress. And this, again, returns us to the importance of the value of reason and of the modern scientific endeavour. In spite of the many misinformed and inaccurate accounts of Enlightenment history, reason was never an enemy of progress (Bronner, 2004, p.20). Nor was science. Instead in almost every case the enemies of reason and knowledge were also the enemies of progress (p. 20) and science. Bronner writes more to the point that, “Unreflective passion offers far better support than scientific inquiry for the claims of religion or the injunction of totalitarian regimes. The scientific method projects not merely the “open society”, but also the need to question authority” (p.20).
Returning to some of the challenging questions posed earlier, the first and most important answer is to reiterate a science and evidence-based ethics not founded in an external authority. It should be an ethics that is safeguarded as best as possible from bias and prejudice. The objective ‘value’ of critical assessment speaks in non-biased and rational investigation. And here, perhaps, my own opinion may be further asserted: objective reality, bit by bit, is expressed when we no longer approach the world in a prejudiced way. But it also requires the complexity of holistic, integral and systemic consideration. It requires a fundamental sensibility with regards to the status of epistemology. It requires, too, an openness and sensitivity toward the intricacies of the rigors of complex rational enquiry. Scientific study of the natural world teaches us fundamental lessons as to how we might approach the social world. Suffering, like health, has an objective component. Sustainability and systemic environmental degradation, too, convey distinguishable objective realities. If moral and ethical progress means anything, surely it is the lessening of needless social and environmental suffering and surely this presents one of many objective criteria when it comes to gauging the current status of social development? In countless ways there is an overwhelming body of scientific research and empirical evidence of millions of ‘free flourishing human and non-human subjects’ being violated to a greater or lesser degree. Their inherent subjectivity, and genuine objective reality, tells us what is ‘right and wrong’ about their situation and about what needs to change. This argument, I think, would seem to represent the basis of an advancing and holistic conception of enlightenment reason. It calls for a return to a scientific vision of society and not a purely one-dimensional economic view – it calls for serious reflection on the level of epistemology as well as for an evidenced-based and objective approach to how we think about society, its complex relationships and integral developments.
Acemoglu, D., Robinson, James A. (2014). The Rise and Decline of General Laws of Capitalism. Retrieved from http://economics.mit.edu/files/10422
Adorno, T.W. (1992). Negative Dialectics. New York: Continuum.
—– (with Max Horkheimer). (2002). Dialectic of Enlightenment. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
—– (with Albert, Dahrendorf, Habermas, Pilot and Popper). (1976). The Positivist Dispute in German Sociology. London: Heinemann Educational Publishers.
Ahmed, Nafeez Mosaddeq. (2010). A User’s Guide to the Crisis of Civilization and How to Save It. London and New York: Pluto Press.
—– (2013). Why food riots are likely to become the new normal. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2013/mar/06/food-riots-new-normal
—– (2013b). Dramatic decline in industrial agriculture could herald ‘peak food’. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/environment/earth-insight/2013/dec/19/industrial-agriculture-limits-peak-food
—– (2014a). US Army colonel: world is sleepwalking to a global energy crisis. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/environment/earth-insight/2014/jan/17/peak-oil-oilandgascompanies
—– (2014b). UN: only small farmers and agroecology can feed the world. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/2566719/un_only_small_farmers_and_agroecology_can_feed_the_world.html
—– (2015a). Global water crisis causing failed harvests, hunger, war and terrorism. In Ecologist. Retrieved from http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/2803979/global_water_crisis_causing_failed_harvests_hunger_war_and_terrorism.html
—– (2015b). Scientific model supported by UK Government Taskforce flags risk of civilisation’s collapse by 2040. Insurge Intelligence. Retrieved from https://medium.com/insurge-intelligence/uk-government-backed-scientific-model-flags-risk-of-civilisation-s-collapse-by-2040-4d121e455997#.3whb5yqw6
Allen, A. (2016). The End of Progress: Decolonizing the Normative Foundations of Critical Theory. New York: Columbia University Press
Amsler, S. (2015). The Education of Radical Democracy. London: Routledge.
Aries, P. (1962). Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Family Life. New York: Knopf.
Balcetis E., Dunning, D. (2007). Cognitive dissonance and the perception of natural environments. In Psychol Sci 18 (10), pp. 917–21. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.02000.x.
Baker, Keith Michael (1975). Condorcet: From Natural Philosophy to Social Mathematics. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-03532-8.
Baker, Keith Michael (Summer 2004). On Condorcet’s ‘Sketch’. Daedalus. 133 (3), pp. 56–64. DOI:10.1162/0011526041504506.
Bakker, H. (2011). Food Security in Africa and Asia; Strategies for Small-Scale Agricultural Development. Oxfordshire: CAB International.
Barnett, C. (2010). Publics and Markets: What’s wrong with Neoliberalism? Retrieved from http://www.open.ac.uk/socialsciences/emergentpublics/publications/barnett_publicsandmarkets.pdf
Beber, B., Roessler, P. & Scacco, A. (2014). Intergroup Violence and Political Attitudes: Evidence from a Dividing Sudan. The Journal of Politics, pp. 1-17. DOI: doi:10.1017/S0022381614000103
Benjamin, J. (1977). The End of Internalization: Adorno’s Social Psychology. In Telos. No. 32.
Bernstein, J.M. (2001). Adorno: Disenchantment and Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bosmajian, H. (1974/1983). The Language of Oppression. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
Brenner, N., Theodore, N. (2002). Cities and the Geographies of “Actually Existing Neoliberalism”. In Antipode. Retrieved from http://sca.as.nyu.edu/docs/IO/222/Brenner.Theodore.NL.pdf
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The Ecology of Human Development. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Bronner, S. (1995). The Great Divide: The Enlightenment and its Critics. In New Politics, Vol. 5, no. 3. Retrieved from http://nova.wpunj.edu/newpolitics/issue19/bronne19.htm
—– (2002). Critical Intellectuals, Politics, and Society. In Imagining the Possible: Radical Politics for Conservative Times. New York: Routledge.
—– (2004). Reclaiming the Enlightenment: Toward a Politics of Radical Engagement. New York: Columbia University Press.
—– (2005). Enlightenment Now: Stephen Eric Bronner. In The Brooklyn Rail. Retrieved from http://brooklynrail.org/2005/01/express/enlightenment-now-stephen-eric-bronner
—– (2014). Moments of Decision: Political History and the Crises of Radicalism. New York: Bloomsbury.
Broome, J. (1999). Normative Requirements. In Ratio 12 (4), pp. 398-419.
Brown, W. (2005). Neoliberalism and the end of liberal democracy. In Theory and Event, 7(1).
—– (2015). Undoing the Demos: Neoliberalism’s Stealth Revolution. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Brunkhorst, H. (1999). Adorno and Critical Theory. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
Buirski, P., Kottler, A. (2007). New Developments in Self Psychology Practice. Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
Carniol, B. (1990). Case Critical: Challenging Social Work in Canada. Toronto: Between the Lines.
—– (1992). Structural Social Work: Maurice Moreau’slenge to Social Work. Journal of Progressive Human Services, Vol. 3 (1).
—– (2005). Case Critical: Social Services & Social Justice in Canada. Toronto: Between the Lines.
Castillejo, D. (1982). The Formation of Modern Objectivity. Madrid: Ediciones de Arte y Bibliofilia.
Clarke, S. (2013). The Neoliberal Theory of Society: The Ideological Foundations of Neoliberalism. Heathwood Press. Retrieved from http://www.heathwoodpress.com/the-neoliberal-theory-of-society-the-ideological-foundations-of-neo-liberalism/
Clastres, P. (1989). Society Against the State: Essays in Political Anthropology. Cambridge, MA.: MIT Press.
Cobban, A. (1960). In Search of Humanity: The Role of the Enlightenment in Modern History. New York: George Braziller
Cook, D. (2004). Adorno, Habermas, and the Search for a Rational Society. New York: Routledge.
—– (2005). From the Actual to the Possible: Nonidentity Thinking. Constellations. Vol. 12, Issue 1, pp. 21-35. DOI: 10.1111/j.1351-0487.2005.00400.x
—– (2011). Adorno on Nature. New York: Acumen.
Damasio, A. (1999). The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Daston, L., Galison, P. (1992). The Image of Objectivity. Representations 0 (40): 81–128. DOI:10.2307/2928741.
—– (2010). Objectivity. New York: Zone Books.
Davidson, Herbert A. (1992). Alfarabi, Avicenna, and Averroes on Intellect: Their Cosmologies, Theories of the Active Intellect, and Theories of Human Intellect. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dawkins, R. (2003). A Devil’s Chaplain: Selected essays. Phoenix.
Dawson, M. (2013). Mind, Body, World: Foundations of Cognitive Science. Edmonton, AB.: AU Press.
De Condorect, Marie Jean Antoine. (1955). Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind. In Steven Lukes and Nadia Urbinati (eds.) Condorcet: Political Writings. Cambridge, New York, and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-148
Trans. June Barraclough. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
De Graaff, A. (2012/2015). Backwards into the Future (Chaos in the Classroom). Norwich, Nor.: Heathwood Press.
—– (2016; Forthcoming). The Gods in Whom They Trusted. Norwich: Heathwood Press.
De Jaegher, H., Di Paolo, E. (2007). Participatory sense-making: an enactive approach to social cognition. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 6, pp. 485–507. DOI: 10.1007/s11097-007-9076-9
De Schutter, O. (2014). Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food. Retrieved from http://www.srfood.org/images/stories/pdf/officialreports/20140310_finalreport_en.pdf
—– (2015). The New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition in Africa. Retrieved from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/535010/EXPO_STU(2015)535010_EN.pdf
Desmarais, A. A. (2006). La Via Campesina: Globalization and the Power of Peasants. Halifax: Fernwood.
Desmarais, A.A. & Wiebe, N. & Wittman, H. (2011). Food Sovereignty in Canada: Creating Just and Sustainable Food Systems. Halifax: Fernwood.
De Visscher, J. (2012). Jan Hendrik van den Berg: About Phenomenology, historical Psychology and Medical Anthropology. Medische Anthropologie, 24 (2).
Di Paolo, Ezequiel A., De Jaegher, H. (2012). The interactive brain hypothesis. In Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 6:163. DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00163
—– (2015). Toward an embodied science of intersubjectivity: widening the scope of social understanding research. In Frontiers in Psychology. Retrieved from http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/2287/towards-an-embodied-science-of-intersubjectivity-widening-the-scope-of-social-understanding-research#overview
Dreier, J. (1996). Rational Preference: Decision Theory as a Theory of Practical Rationality. In Theory and Decision 40 (3), pp. 249-76.
Edelman, G. (2004). Wider than the Sky: The Phenomenal Gift of Consciousness. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Elkins, J. (1999). The Critical Thinking Movement: Alternating Currents in One Teacher’s Thinking. Retrieved from http://myweb.wvnet.edu/~jelkins/critproj/overview.html
Evans, P., Sewell, William H. (2013). The neoliberal era: ideology, policy, and social effects. In Peter A. Hall and Michèle Lamont (eds.) Social Resilience in the Neoliberal Era. Cambridge, ENG: Cambridge University Press.
Evans, R.I. (Ed). (1975). Carl Rogers, the Man and his Ideas. New York: E.P. Dutton.
Feenberg, A. (2002). Transforming technology: A critical theory revisited. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
—– (2014). The Philosophy of Praxis: Marx, Lukács and the Frankfurt School. London and New York: Verso.
—– (2015). Reification, Technological Progress, and Post-Capitalist Horizons | Interview with Andrew Feenberg by R.C. Smith. Heathwood Press. Retrieved from http://www.heathwoodpress.com/on-the-philosophy-of-praxis-reification-post-capitalism-and-emancipatory-politics-interview-with-andrew-feenberg-by-r-c/
Fine, R. (2011). Enlightenment Cosmopolitanism: Western or Universal?. In David Adams and Galin Tihanov (eds.) Enlightenment Cosmopolitanism. London: Routledge, pp. 153-169
Finlay, S. (2010). ‘What Ought Probably Means, and Why You Can’t Detach It’. In Synthese 177 (1), pp. 67-89.
Fischer, K. (2013). In the Beginning was the Murder: Destruction of Nature and Interhuman Violence in Adorno’s Critique of Culture. Heathwood Press. Retrieved from http://www.heathwoodpress.com/in-the-beginning-was-the-murder-destruction-of-nature-and-interhuman-violence-in-adorno-critique-of-culture/
Fisherman, D., Weinstein, M. (N.d.). Cognitive Science, Reason and Emotion-Some Consequences for Education. Retrieved from https://www.montclair.edu/media/montclairedu/cehs/documents/ipac/Cognitive-Science,-Reason-and-Emotion–Some-Consequences-for-Education.pdf
Foster, R. (2008). Adorno: The Recovery of Experience. New York: SUNY.
Foucault, M. (2003). What is Enlightenment?. In Paul Rabinow and Nikolas Rose (Eds.) The Essential Foucault. New York: The New Press.
Frankl, V. (1967). Psychotherapy and Existentialism. New York: Washington Square Press.
Freyenhagen, F. (Producer). (2013, February 4). The Good, the Bad, and the Normative [Audio podcast]. Retrieved http://www.heathwoodpress.com/the-good-the-bad-and-the-normative-fabian-freyenhagen/
—– (2015a). Adorno’s Practical Philosophy: Living Less Wrongly. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
—– (2015b). Honneth on Social Pathologies: A Critique. In Critical Horizons, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 131–152
Frison, E. A. (2016). From Uniformity to Diversity: a Paradigm Shift from Industrial Agriculture to Diversified Agroecological Systems. IPES-Food, International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food System.
Fromm, E. (1955). The Sane Society. New York: Fawcett Books, 1955
—– (1960). Foreword to A.S. Neill’s ‘Summerhill – A Radical Approach to Child Rearing’. Oxford: Hart Publishing Company
—– (1964). The Heart of Man: Its Genius for Good and Evil. New York: Harper and Row.
—– (1994). Escape from Freedom. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
—– (2010). The Pathology of Normalcy. New York: Lantern Books.
Gallagher S, Vaever, M. (2004). Disorders of embodiment. In: Radden J (ed) The philosophy of psychiatry. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Gallagher, S., Zahavi, D. (2005). Phenomenological approaches to self-consciousness. In Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu
—– (2007). The Phenomenological Mind: An Introduction to Philosophy of Mind and Cognitive Science. London: Routledge.
Gallagher S, Hutto D. (2008). Understanding others through primary interaction and narrative practice. In: Zlatev, Racine, Sinha, Itkonen (eds), The shared mind: perspectives on intersubjectivity, vol. 12. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Gallagher, S. Neurophenomenology. (2009). In T. Bayne, A. Cleeremans and P. Wilken (eds.), Oxford Companion to Consciousness (470-472). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gasché, R. (2006). The honor of thinking: critique, theory, philosophy. Palo Alto, Cali.: Stanford University Press.
Geier, B. (2016). Even the IMF Now Admits Neoliberalism Has Failed. In Forbes. Retrieved from http://fortune.com/2016/06/03/imf-neoliberalism-failing/
Gibbs, R. (2005). Embodiment and Cognitive Science. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
Giroux, H. (2011). Education and the Crisis of Public Values: Challenging the Assault on Teachers, Students, and Public Education. New York: Peter Lang Publishing Inc.
Goel, V. (2014). Reason and less. Frontiers in Psychology and Cognitive Science. Retrieved from http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00901/full
Görg, C. (2011). Societal Relationships with Nature: A Dialectical Approach to Environmental Politics. In Andrew Biro (ed.) Critical Ecologies: The Frankfurt School and Contemporary Environmental Crises. Toronto, Buffalo, London: University of Toronto Press, pp. 43-72
Gray, J. (2015a). Steven Pinker is wrong about violence and war. In The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/mar/13/john-gray-steven-pinker-wrong-violence-war-declining
Greening, T. (2006). Five basic postulates of humanistic psychology. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 46(3), 239-239. DOI:10.1177/002216780604600301
Gregory, Mary Efrosini. (2010). Freedom in French Enlightenment Thought. Peter Lang.
Grewal, D. (2014). The Laws of Capitalism. Faculty Scholarship Series. Paper 4886. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/fss_papers/4886
Gruenewald, T.L. (2003). Psychological and physiological correlates of acute and chronic threat to the social self. Dissertation Abstracts International, 64, 2984.
Gunn, R., Wilding, A. (2013). Revolutionary or Less-Than-Revolutionary Recognition? In Heathwood Press. Retrieved from http://www.heathwoodpress.com/revolutionary-less-than-revolutionary-recognition/
Gunn, R. (2015). A Note on the Senses: Common Sense from Aristotle to Marx and Beyond. Heathwood Press. Retrieved from http://www.heathwoodpress.com/a-note-on-the-senses-common-sense-from-aristotle-to-marx-and-beyond/
—– (with Smith, R.C., Fuchs, C., Asher, G. and Cole, P. (2016). Strategies Moving Forward: Social Movements and Progressive Governments – A Round Table Discussion. Heathwood Press. Retrieved from http://www.heathwoodpress.com/strategies-moving-forward-social-movements-and-progressive-governments-a-round-table-discussion/
Habermas, J. (1987). The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity (tr. Frederick G. Lawrence). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
—– (1984). The Theory of Communicative Action, Volume 1: Reason and the Rationalization of Society. Boston: Beacon Press.
Hammer, E. (2015). Adorno’s Modernism: Art, Experience, and Catastrophe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Haraway, D. (1988). Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective. Feminist Studies 14 (3): 575–599. DOI:10.2307/3178066.
Harris, C. (2010). The Pathological Psychology of Western Capitalism. Retrieved from https://zcomm.org/znetarticle/the-pathological-psychology-of-western-capitalism-by-collin-harris-1/
Hirsch-Hoefler, S., Canetti, D. et al. (2014). Conflict will Harden your Heart: Exposure to Violence, Psychological Distress, and Peace Barriers in Israel and Palestine. British Journal of Political Science. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007123414000374
HLPE. (2015). Water for food security and nutrition (Report 9). Rome: FAO. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/a-av045e.pdf
Hohendahl. P. (1995). Prismatic Thought: Theodor Adorno. Lincoln: Lincoln University of Nebraska Press.
—– (2013b). Critique of Instrumental Reason. London and New York: Verso.
Holloway, J. (2010). Crack Capitalism. London: Pluto Press.
Holt, J. (1991). How Children Learn. New York: Penguin
—– (1995). How Children Fail. Boston, Mass.: DaCapo Press.
Holub, Robert C. (1991). Jurgen Habermas: Critic in the Public Sphere. London and New York: Routledge.
Honneth, A. (2014). Freedom’s Right: The Social Foundations of Democratic Life. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Horkheimer, M. (1989). The State of Contemporary Social Philosophy and the Tasks of an Institute for Social Research. In Critical Theory and Society: A Reader, ed. Stephen Eric Bronner and Douglas Kellner. New York and London: Routledge.
—– (2013a). Eclipse of Reason. London and New York: Bloomsbury.
Horwitz, A. (2010). How an Age of Anxiety Became an Age of Depression. In Milbank Q. Vol. 88(1), pp. 112–138. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0009.2010.00591.x
Hullot-Kentor, R. (2006). Things beyond Resemblance: Collected Essays on Theodor W. Adorno. New York, NY: Columbia University Press
—– (2008). A New Type of Human Being and Who We Really Are. In The Brooklyn Rail. Retrieved from http://www.brooklynrail.org/2008/11/art/a-new-type-of-human-being-and-who-we-really-are
IFAD and UNEP. (2013). Smallholders, Food Security, and the Environment. Rome: IFAD. Retrieved from https://www.ifad.org/documents/10180/666cac24-14b6-43c2-876d-9c2d1f01d5dd
Illeris, K. (2007). How We Learn: Learning and Non-Learning in School and Beyond. London: Taylor & Francis.
International Food Policy Research Institute. (2015). Global Hunger Index: Armed Conflict and the Challenge of Hunger. Retrieved from https://www.ifpri.org/publication/2015-global-hunger-index-armed-conflict-and-challenge-hunger
Isakhan, B., Slaughter, S. (Eds.). (2014). Democracy and Crisis: Democratising Governance in the Twenty-First Century. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Israel, J. (2002). Radical Enlightenment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Jacobs, D. (2014). Rising income inequality in the U.S. was fuelled by Ronald Reagan’s attacks on union strength, and continued by Bill Clinton’s financial deregulation. LSE Blogs. Retrieved from http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/59386/1/blogs.lse.ac.uk-Rising_income_inequality_in_the_US_was_fuelled_by_Ronald_Reagans_attacks_on_union_strength_and_contin.pdf
Jaschik, S. (2010). Commodification of Academic Research. In Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved from https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2010/10/25/radder
Kellner, D. (1988). Postmodernism as Social Theory: Some Problems and Challenges. In Theory, Culture & Society, Vol. 5, pp. 240-269.
—– (1989). Critical Theory, Marxism, Modernity. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press.
—– (2014a). Critical Theory and the Crisis of Social Theory. Heathwood Press. Retrieved from http://www.heathwoodpress.com/critical-theory-and-the-crisis-of-social-theory-douglas-kellner/
—– (2014b). T.W. Adorno and the Dialectics of Mass Culture. Heathwood Press. Retrieved from http://www.heathwoodpress.com/t-w-adorno-dialectics-mass-culture/
King, Robert D. (2011). Review: ‘A User’s Guide to the Crisis of Civilization and How to Save It’. Marx & Philosophy – Review of Books. Retrieved from http://marxandphilosophy.org.uk/reviewofbooks/reviews/2011/377
—– (2012). The New Creatures of Difference: A Look at the Concept of Repetition Within Dissipative Systems Theory. In Forum, issue 15, pp. 1-14.
—– (2015). The Political Economy of the Capital System: Food, Climate Change, and Violence. Centre for Humans & Nature. Retrieved from http://www.humansandnature.org/the-political-economy-of-the-capital-system-food-climate-change-and-violence
—– (2016). Review: A People’s History of the World. Heathwood Press. Retrieved from http://www.heathwoodpress.com/robert-drury-king-review-a-peoples-history-of-the-world/
Kirschenbaum, H. (1979). On Becoming Carl Rogers. New York: Delacorte Press.
Kohn, A. (1999). The Schools Our Children Deserve; Moving Beyond Traditional Classrooms and “Tougher Standards”. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
—– (2011). Alfie Kohn – The (Alternative) Schools our Kids Deserve – MAAP Coference (Uploaded on March 5, 2011, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ephQ8Y8Srkw ).
—– (2011). The Case Against Grades, Educational Leadership.
Kompridis, N. (2000). So We Need Something Else for Reason to Mean. International Journal of Philosophical Studies 8: 3, pp. 271 — 295.
—– (2006). The Idea of a New Beginning: A Romantic Source of Normativity and Freedom. In Philosophical Romanticism. New York: Routledge.
—– (2006). Critique and Disclosure: Critical Theory between Past and Future. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
—– (2011). Receptivity, possibility, and democratic politics. Ethics and Global Politics, 4(4), pp. 255–72.
Korsgaard, C. (1997) ‘The Normativity of Instrumental Reason’. In G. Cullity and B. Gaut (eds.), Ethics and Practical Reason. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 215-54.
Krishnan, V. (2010). Early Child Development:A Conceptual Model. Retrieved from http://www.cup.ualberta.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ConceptualModelCUPwebsite_10April13.pdf
Krueger, J. (2006). Concrete Consciousness: A Sartrean Critique of Functionalist Accounts of Mind. In Sartre Studies International 12 (2):44-60, 2006
Kruger, D. (Ed.). (1985). The changing reality of modern man: Essays in honour of J.H. van den Berg. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.
Kuhn, Thomas S. (1996). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G. (1987). Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal About the Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
—– (with Mark Turner). (1989). More Than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
—– (with Mark Johnson). (1999). Philosophy In The Flesh: the Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought. New York: Basic Books.
—– (with Rafael Nuñez). (2001). Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being. New York: Basic Books.
Lambert, E., Clarke, A., Lambert, J. (2004). Reasons for Supporting and Opposing Capital Punishment in the USA: A Preliminary Study. Internet Journal of Criminology. Retrieved from http://www.internetjournalofcriminology.com/Clarke%20Lambert%20-%20Reasons%20for%20Supporting%20and%20Opposing%20Capital.pdf
Latour, B. (1987). Science in Action. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
Leiss, W. (1972/1994). The Domination of Nature. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
—– (2008). The Priesthood of Science. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
—– (2011). Modern Science, Enlightenment, and the Domination of Nature: No Exit?. In Andrew Biro (ed.) Critical Ecologies: The Frankfurt School and Contemporary Environmental Crises. Toronto, Buffalo, London: University of Toronto Press, pp. 23-43
Liberman, A. Whalen, D. (2000). On the relation of speech to language. In Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4 (5), pp. 187–196. DOI:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01471-6.
Liberman, N., Trope, Y. (2008). The Psychology of Transcending the Here and Now. In Science 322 (5905), pp. 1201–1205. DOI:10.1126/science.1161958.
Lichtenberg, J., Kaplan, S. (2014). Reflections on Self Psychology. London and New York: Routledge.
Lloyds. (2015). Food System Shock. In Emerging Risk Report. Retrieved from http://www.lloyds.com/~/media/files/news%20and%20insight/risk%20insight/2015/food%20system%20shock/food%20system%20shock_june%202015.pdf
MacIntyre, A. (1984). After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
Malik, K. (1996). The Meaning of Race: Race, History and Culture in Western Society. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
—– (2005). Born in Bradford. Retrieved from http://www.kenanmalik.com/essays/bradford_prospect.html
—– (2009a). Strange Fruit: Why Both Sides are Wrong in the Race Debate. London: Oneworld Publications.
—– (2009b). The Guilt of Science? Race, Science and Darwinism. Retrieved from http://www.kenanmalik.com/lectures/voltaire_lecture_2009.html
—– (2013a). On the Enlightenment’s ‘Race Problem’. Retrieved from https://kenanmalik.wordpress.com/2013/02/13/on-the-enlightenments-race-problem/
—– (2013b). The Making of the Idea of Race. Retrieved from https://kenanmalik.wordpress.com/2013/02/17/the-making-of-the-idea-of-race/
Malkinson, T. (2010). To What End Are We Living?- Instrumental Reason and the Problem of the Good Life in Modern Times. Beams and Struts. Retrieved from http://www.beamsandstruts.com/essays/item/85-to-what-end-are-we-living?-instrumental-reason-and-the-problem-of-the-good-life-in-modern-times
Mall, Ram Adhar. (1972). Phenomenology of Reason. In Perspektiven transzendentalphänomenologischer Forschung, pp. 129-141. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2813-4_5
Marcuse, H. (1966). One-Dimensional Man. Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press.
—– (1969a). Eros and Civilization. London: Sphere Books.
—– (1969b). An Essay on Liberation. Retrieved from https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/marcuse/works/1969/essay-liberation.htm
Manenschijn, G. (1996). Barbaren en hun buitengewone menslievendheid (Barbarians and their extraordinary hospitality). Kampen: Kok.
Maslow, A. H. (1962). Notes on being-psychology. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 2(2), pp. 47-71. DOI:10.1177/002216786200200205
Megill, A. (1994). Rethinking Objectivity. London: Duke UP.
Merleau-Ponty, M. (1983). The Structure of Behavior. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press.
—– (1990). Humanism and Terror. Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press.
—– (2013). Phenomenology of Perception. London and New York: Routledge.
Mokyr, J. (2012). The Enlightenment Economy: An Economic History of Britain 1700-1850. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Mook, B. (1977). The Dutch family in the 17th and 18th century. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
—– (1984). “Van den Berg’s contribution to the theory of neurosis and psychotherapy”. In D. Kruger (Ed.) The changing reality of modern man; Essays in honour of J.H. van den Berg. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.
—– (1999). Metabletic and the family. In The Simon Silverman Phenomenology Center (Ed.), Metabletics: J.H. van den Berg’s historical phenomenology. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University.
—– (2007). The Changing Nature of Childhood and Boyhood: A Metabletic Study. Collection du Cirp. Volume 1, 2007, pp.137-159.
—– (2007). The Changing Nature of Childhood: A Metabletic Study. THYMOS: Journal of Boyhood Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2, Fall 2007, 157-178.
—– (2008). J.H. van den Berg Revisited: Reflections on the Changing Nature of Neurosis. Amherst, NY: Trivium Publications.
Nagel, E. (1961). The Structure of Science. New York: Brace and World.
Nagel, T. (1986). The View from Nowhere. Oxford: Oxford UP.
Neill, A.S. (1960). Summerhill: A Radical Approach To Childrearing. Oxford: Hart Publishing Company.
Nozick, R. (2001). Invariances: the structure of the objective world. Cambridge: Harvard UP.
Pagden, A. (2013). The Enlightenment: And Why It Still Matters. London and New York: Random House.
Parton, G. (2015a). The Freudian Marcuse. Heathwood Press. Retrieved from http://www.heathwoodpress.com/the-freudian-marcuse-glenn-parton/
—– (2015b). Review – Toward a New Sensibility in Consciousness and Revolt: An Exploration toward Reconciliation. Heathwood Press. Retrieved from http://www.heathwoodpress.com/review-toward-a-new-sensibility-in-consciousness-and-revolt-an-exploration-toward-reconciliation/
Perreault, T. Bridge, G. and McCarthy, J. (Eds.). (2015). The Routledge Handbook of Political Ecology. London and New York: Routledge.
Peter, O. (2013). An ethical critique of neoliberal development in Africa. Lagos: University of Lagos. Retrieved from http://eprints.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/1504/1/5.%20%20An%20ethical%20critique%20of%20Neoliberal%20Development%20in%20Africa.%20Osimiri%20Peter,%202013..pdf
Pfeifer, R. (2001). Understanding Intelligence. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
—– (with Bongard, J). (2006). How the Body Shapes the Way We Think: A New View of Intelligence. Cambridge, MASS.: The MIT Press.
Piaget, J. (1929). The Child’s Conception of the World. London, Routledge.
—– (1977). The Development of Thought: Equilibration of Cognitive Structures. New York: Viking Press.
Piketty, T. (2014). Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Piontek, F., Müller, C., Pugh, Thomas A. M., Clark, Douglas B., Deryngd, D. et al. (2013). Multisectoral climate impact hotspots in a warming world. In PNAS, vol. 111, no. 9, pp. 3233–3238. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1222471110
Polanyi, M. (1958). Personal knowledge, towards a post-critical philosophy. London: Routledge.
Polsky, S. (2015). Ignoble Displacement: Dispossessed Capital in Neo-Dickensian London. Wincester and Washington: Zero Books.
Postman, N. (1982). The disappearance of childhood. New York: Delacorte Press
Potegal, M., Stemmler, G., Spielberger, G. (eds.). (2010). International Handbook of Anger: Constituent and Concomitant Biological, Psychological, and Social Processes. New York and London: Springer.
Popper, Karl. R. (1972). Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach. Oxford University Press.
Prew, P. (2015). Sociopoiesis and the Dangers of A-historicizing Society in Systems Research: Interview with Paul Prew by Robert D. King. Heathwood Press. Retrieved from http://www.heathwoodpress.com/sociopiesis-dangers-historicizing-society-systems-research/
Radder, H. (Ed.). (2010). The Commodification of Academic Research: Science and the Modern University. Pittsburgh, Penn.: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Ralston, J. (1992). Voltaire’s Bastards: The Dictatorship of Reason in the West. New York: Free Pree.
Raz, J. (2005) ‘The Myth of Instrumental Rationality’. In Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy. Retrieved from http://www.jesp.org.
Reddy V., Morris P. (2004). Participants don’t need theories: knowing minds in engagement. Theory & Psychology. 14, pp. 647–665. DOI: 10.1177/0959354304046177
Reganold, J. (2016). Organic Agriculture is Key to Helping Feed the World Sustainably. Union of Concerned Scientists.
Rescher, N. (1977). Objectivity: the obligations of impersonal reason. Notre Dame: Notre Dame Press.
Ringler, C., Willenbockel, D., Perez, N., Rosegrant, M., W.; Zhu, T., and Matthews, N. (2016). Global linkages among energy, food and water: An economic assessment. In Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13412-016-0386-5
Rogers, C.R. (1942). Counseling and Psychotherapy. Boston: Hougthon Mifflin.
—– (1951). Client-Centered Therapy. Boston: Hougthon Mifflin.
—– (1959). A Theory of Therapy, Personality, and Interpersonal Relationships, As Developed in the Client-Centered Framework. In Koch, S. (Eds.), Psychology: A Study of a Science: Vol. 3 (pp. 184-256). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
—– (1961). On Becoming a Person. Boston: Hougthon Mifflin.
—– (1962). The Interpersonal Relationship: The Core of Guidance. In Harvard Educational Review: Vol. 32, No, 4.
—– (1963). “The Actualization Tendency in Relation to Motives and to Consciousness”, Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1963.
—– (1965). The place of the person in the new world of the behavioral sciences. In F. T. Severin (Ed.), Humanistic viewpoints in psychology: A book of readings, pp. 387-407. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
—– (1969). Freedom to Learn. Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill.
—– (1970). Carl Rogers on Encounter Groups. New York: Harper and Row.
—– (1977). Carl Rogers on Personal Power. Inner Strength and its Revolutionary Impact. New York: Delacorte Press.
—– (1983). Freedom to Learn. Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company.
Rorty, R. (1991). Objectivity, Relativism, and Truth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rothschild, B. (with Marjorie Rand). (2006). Help for the Helper: The Psychophysiology of Compassion Fatigue and Vicarious Trauma. New York: W. W. Norton & Company
Rowan, J. (2001). Ordinary Ecstasy: The Dialectics of Humanistic Psychology. London and New York: Routledge.
Sartre, Jean-Paul. (1972). Being and Nothingness. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Schroeder, M. (2004) The Scope of Instrumental Reason. Philosophical Perspectives 18 (1), pp. 337-64.
—– (2007). Slaves of the Passions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
—– (2009). Means-End Coherence, Stringency, and Subjective Reasons. Philosophical Studies 143 (2), pp. 223-248.
Schmicking, D., Gallagher, S. (Eds.). (2010). Handbook of Phenomenology and Cognitive Science. New York and London: Springer.
Setiya, K. (2007) Cognitivism About Instrumental Reason. Ethics 117 (4), pp. 649-73.
Shane, M., et all. (1997). Intimate Attachments: Toward a New Self Psychology. New York: The Guildford Press.
Shaughnessy, N. (ed). (2013). Affective Performance and Cognitive Science: Body, Brain and Being. London and New York: Bloomsbury Methuen
Sherman, D. (2007). Sartre and Adorno: The Dialectics of Subjectivity. New York: SUNY Press.
Simon, J. (1998). Adorno: A Critical Introduction. New York: Routledge.
Smith, C. (2012). A Brief Examination of Neoliberalism and Its Consequences. In Sociology Lens. Retrieved from https://thesocietypages.org/sociologylens/2012/10/02/a-brief-examination-of-neoliberalism-and-its-consequences/
Smith, M. (1994). The Moral Problem. Oxford: Blackwell Press.
Smith, R.C. (2012). Adorno’s Negative Dialectics and a Critique of the Epistemic Foundations of Violence. Heathwood Press. Retrieved from http://www.heathwoodpress.com/adornos-negative-dialectics-and-a-foundational-understanding-of-the-epistemic-origins-of-violence/
—– (2014). Promissory notes of a better world | Occupy, radical democracy and the question of revolutionary politics. Heathwood Press. Retrieved from http://www.heathwoodpress.com/promissory-notes-better-world-occupy-radical-democracy-question-revolutionary-politics/
—– (2013). In Defence of Occupy’s Politics. Heathwood Press. Retrieved from http://www.heathwoodpress.com/defense-occupys-politics/
—– (2015a). Systemic Cycles of Domination and Imagining the Horizon of Liberation: An Engagement with Dialectic of Enlightenment. Heathwood Press. Retrieved from http://www.heathwoodpress.com/dialectic-of-enlightenment-a-critique-of-cycles-of-systemic-domination-imaging-the-horizon-of-liberation/
—– (2015b). The Frankfurt School and Anti-modern Movements? Beyond Adorno’s “Totalizing of Transformation”, Toward a Theory of “Differential Transformation”. Heathwood Press. Retrieved from http://www.heathwoodpress.com/the-frankfurt-school-and-anti-modern-movements-beyond-adornos-totalizing-of-transformation-toward-a-theory-of-differential-transformation/
—– (2015c). Steven Pinker vs. John Gray – Positivism and the Question of “Moral Progress”: An Appeal to Philosophy and Science. Heathwood Press. Retrieved from http://www.heathwoodpress.com/steven-pinker-vs-john-grey-positivism-and-the-question-of-moral-progress-an-appeal-to-philosophy-and-science/
—– (2015d). Paths Forward: Grassroots (Participatory) Movements, Hierarchy vs. Horizontality, and Issues of Solidarity and Representation. Heathwood Press. Retrieved from http://www.heathwoodpress.com/paths-forward-grassroots-participatory-movements-hierarchy-vs-horizontality-and-issues-of-solidarity-and-representation-r-c-smith/
—– (2015e). Consciousness and Revolt: An Exploration toward Reconciliation. Norwich: Heathwood Press.
—– (2016). Society, Social Pathology and the (De)Formation of the Subject: Toward a Radical Philosophy of Psychology (Part 1). Heathwood Press. Retrieved from http://www.heathwoodpress.com/r-c-smith-society-social-pathology-and-the-deformation-of-the-subject-toward-a-radical-philosophy-of-psychology-part-1/
Sokal, A., Bricmont, J. (1999). Intellectual Impostures: Postmodern philosophers’ abuse of science. London: Profile Books.
Spodek, B., Saracho, O. (Eds.). (2004). Handbook of Research on the Education of Young Children. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Stein, E. (1996). Without Good Reason: The Rationality Debate in Philosophy and Cognitive Science (Clarendon Library of Logic and Philosophy). Oxford: OUP Oxford.
Stenning, K. and van Lambalgen, M. (2012). Human Reasoning and Cognitive Science. Cambridge, MA.: MIT Press.
Stern, D. (1985). The Interpersonal World of the Infant: A view from Psychoanalysis and Developmental Psychology. New York: Basic Books.
Sugarman, J. (2015). Neoliberalism and Psychological Ethics. In Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 103–116.
Thomas, K. (2014). The Great Fight Over the Enlightenment. In The New York Review of Books. Retrieved from http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2014/04/03/great-fight-over-enlightenment/
Thomas, W. (2015). Max Weber on Rationality in Social Action, in Sociological Analysis, and in Modern Life. Retrieved from http://www.rational-action.com/hello-world/
Tieszen, R. (2011). Consciousness, Reason, and Intentionality. In After Gödel: Platonism and Rationalism in Mathematics and Logic. Oxford Scholarship Online. DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199606207.001.0001
Titchiner, B. (2016; forthcoming). The Epistemology of Violence. Norwich: Heathwood Press.
Tramel, S. (January 27,2016). The heat is on: Via Campesina and allies challenge climate capitalism. La Via Campesina. Retrieved from http://www.commondreams.org/views/2015/01/27/heat-campesina-and-allies-challenge-climate-capitalism
Trevor-Roper, H. (2010). History and the Enlightenment. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Tymieniecka, Anna-Teresa. (1991). Phenomenology of Life and the New Critique of Reason: From Husserl’s Philosophy to the Phenomenology of Life and of the Human Condition. In The Turning Points of the New Phenomenological Era, pp. 3-15. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-3464-4_1
UNCTAD. (2013). Trade and Environment Review 2013, Wake up before it is too late; make agriculture truly sustainable now for food security in a changing climate. Retrieved from http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ditcted2012d3_en.pdf
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. (2015). The State of Food Insecurity in the World. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/a4ef2d16-70a7-460a-a9ac-2a65a533269a/i4646e.pdf
UN Special Rapporteur. (2010). Agro-ecology is the answer. The Gaia Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.gaiafoundation.org/blog/un-special-rapporteur-agro-ecology-answer
Van den Berg, J.H. (1952). The human body and the significance of human movement. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 13: 159-83.
—– (1955). A Phenomenological Approach to Psychiatry: An Introduction to Recent Phenomenological Psychopathology. Springfield:Thomas.
—– (1959). Het menselijk lichaam. Een metabletisch onderzoek [The human body: A metabletic investigation]. Volume 1: Het geopende lichaam [The open body]. Nijkerk: Callenbach.
—– (1961). Het menselijk lichaam. Een metabletisch onderzoek [The human body: A metabletic investigation]. Volume 2: Het verlaten lichaam [The abandoned body]. Nijkerk: Callenbach.
—– (1961). The changing nature of man: Introduction to a historical psychology. New York: Norton.
—– (1972). Psychology of the sickbed. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press [Dutch original 1952].
—– (1972). A different existence. Principles of phenomenological psychopathology. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press.
—– (1974). Divided Existence and Complex Society: An Historical Approach. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.
Van Overwalle F. (2009). Social cognition and the brain: a meta-analysis. Human Brain Mapping, 30, pp. 829–858. DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20547
Van Peursen (1974). The Strategy of Culture. Cultuur in Stroomversnelling (1999, 10th edition).
—– (1992). Verhaal en Werkelijkheid. Een deiktische ontology, Kampen: Kok Agora.
—– (1994). Na Het Postmodernisme; Van metafysica tot filosfisch surrealisme, Kampen: Kok Agora.)
Varela, F., Thompson, E., and Rosch, E. (1991). The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Verhaeghe, P. (2015). Neoliberalism Viewed From the Couch. Psychology Today. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/there-are-free-lunches/201502/neoliberalism-viewed-the-couch
Way, J. (2009). Two Accounts of the Normativity of Rationality. Journal of Ethics & Social Philosophy. Retrieved from http://www.jesp.org/articles/download/TwoAccountsOfTheNormativityOfRationality.pdf
—– (2010). Defending the Wide-Scope Approach to Instrumental Reason. Philosophical Studies 147 (2), pp. 213-33.
—– (2012). Explaining the Instrumental Principle. Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 90 (3), pp. 487-506
—– (2013). Instrumental Rationality. In Tim Crane (ed.) Encyclopaedia of Philosophy. London: Routledge.
Wallace, R.J. (2001). Normativity, Commitment, and Instrumental Reason. Philosophers Imprint 1 (3). Retrieved from http://www.philosophersimprint.org/001003
Walton, A. (2014). 11 Toxic Chemicals Affecting Brain Development In Children. In Forbes. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/alicegwalton/2014/02/15/11-toxic-chemicals-afffecting-brain-development-in-children/#36b275e879e3
Ward, B. (2012). Europe’s Own Human Rights Crisis. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2012/country-chapters/global
Weber, M. (2013). Economy and Society (Volume 1 and 2). Berkley, Cali.; University of California Press.
Wider, K. (1997). The Bodily Nature of Consciousness: Sartre and Contemporary Philosophy of Mind. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Wijngaarden, H.R. (1965). “De Ontwikkeling in de Niet-Directieve Therapy. (Developments in Non-Directive Therapy), Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Psychologie.
Williams, David (2004). Condorcet and Modernity. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-84139-9.
Wilson, R., Foglia, L. (2011). In Edward N. Zalta (ed.) Embodied Cognition. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2011 Edition).
Zuidervaart, L. (2004). Artistic Truth; Aesthetics, Discourse, and Imaginative Disclosure. Cambridge: University Press
—– (2007). Social Philosophy after Adorno. Cambridge, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
—– (2008). After Dooyeweerd: Truth in Reformational Philosophy. Toronto: Institute for Christian Studies. | <urn:uuid:4bd906da-fb65-4647-9f29-24cf971c27a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tracingcurves.wordpress.com/tag/history-of-science/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.886121 | 36,378 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Many people want creating publications but do not recognize where to start. While the process of composing fiction stories can be time consuming and hard, once the story is clear there is nothing stopping you from composing an additional one. A novel is essentially a long, narrative job of fiction, usually written in knowledgeable as well as released as a whole book. This type of literary literature is prominent due to the fact that it uses a variety of plotlines and personalities to check out. People who write novels will certainly usually choose to discuss historical occasions that took place all over the world or in contemporary times and after that weave their tales right into the primary theme of the story.
Historic Stories Epic Verse There are two types of novels: historic as well as epic poetry. Historical novels generally cover events that occurred around the moment of the writer’s birth. Themes within these books are based on historic occasions rather than present day styles and characters. Some examples of these would certainly be points like the surge of Hitler and the Second World War. fictional female characters with red hair
Enigma Books follow the tale of a main character and also supply a view right into the enigma that is being addressed by the main personality. The majority of these books are set in modern-day times however they can likewise be set in historic times also. This kind of tale uses the readers a view into what the primary character is doing in all times and just how the enigma is being resolved. Most of these stories are set about magic, ghosts, or various other types of supernatural beings.
Psychological Novels comply with the story of a personality as they take care of psychological troubles that are discovered within their lives. These kinds of books make use of a mental motif to help the reader understand the personalities and also what is taking place. Some instances of this would be a novel concerning a teenager who comes to be a serial awesome due to social anxiety. This teenager will certainly take care of different psychological issues throughout the course of the novel.
Thriller Stories adhere to a plot where the primary personalities act as well as respond to situations. This type of plot requires a large amount more information than numerous various other styles. This style of publication is extremely suspenseful, and a lot of the moment entails a very clever as well as unscrupulous story framework. Instances of this genre include stories such as James Bond, Harry Potter, as well as numerous others.
Dream Novels is created for those that delight in fantasy literary works, particularly those that enjoy composing their very own tales. Dream novels are not based upon any kind of certain law or fact, but instead they are based upon some type of imagined world. This might be based on a fairytale, a world that is completely various from our own. Dream books use many instances of just how characters respond to events as well as what is mosting likely to happen in the future. Lots of authors like to compose this sort of novel, specifically if they want creating love, which dream stories commonly are. why use hsts
Many individuals today really feel that checking out stories is no more an integral part of their everyday regimen. Actually, a number of them do not even check out publications anymore. Nevertheless, for lots of others, specifically those that have actually been viewers for a long time, reading a novel once in a life time is still an extremely delightful experience. Even for the “in between” readers, there is no question that novels can provide entertainment and also excitement that other forms of literary works may no longer be able to do. Because of this novel writing remains a preferred pastime for many people today. Some individuals also take composing stories as a profession.
Primarily, a novel is basically a long job of prose, usually written in knowledgeable as well as released in a publication style. This sort of book does not always adhere to a stringent style, although even more modern day authors have started to produce a more standard form of composing books. Novels are readily available in a wide array of styles such as action/adventure, love, science fiction, Western, eastern, as well as also funny stories. An example of a recent book that was published in a preferred publication shop is The Informant!
Historical stories are additionally becoming increasingly prominent among contemporary writers. Historical fiction explains historical events that hold true, though the occasions themselves are fictional. These types of stories can consist of historical numbers such as Cleopatra or Napoleon Bonaparte, or even historic fights or problems. Novels based upon a true background are commonly widely read by the public. On the other hand, fictional books regarding fictional characters are much less popular amongst the general public.
While there are many styles of novels available to viewers, numerous viewers prefer to pick between the many different categories of story. Novelists are not needed to write in a specific classification; however, most authors tend to concentrate on one or two sub-genres of books. This enables visitors to select from the faves of their preferred writers. For example, mysteries as well as whodunit novels are most often reviewed by enigma storytellers. Contemporary writers prefer to write books concentrating on either criminal activity or the human mind.
Creating is not a very easy task for the majority of authors. Stories call for comprehensive writing that takes time as well as initiative to master. To begin with, authors require to discover exactly how to research appropriately in order to compose a good book. Reading works of various other writers will help authors create better novels. An additional excellent suggestion is to read other works of the same genre and compare them. This will certainly assist writers with story growth as well as themes to recognize the principle of writing a story. FictionCity
While the art of literature is timeless, innovation has actually altered the ways in which we take pleasure in reviewing and creating novels. Visitors now have more alternatives when it concerns choosing a book to review as well as ones to not read. It has come to be less complicated for readers to undergo on-line data sources in order to discover a particular book. Most prominent websites have categories that allow the visitor to limit the selection of books. | <urn:uuid:001f664e-ac3a-4cf4-a326-da3531898eb2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.realestatebynili.com/2021/06/30/this-tale-behind-novels-will-certainly-haunt-you-for-life/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.971594 | 1,242 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Would you have preferred Bill Nye the Science Guy over Power Rangers as a child? Were you prepared to stay up late perfecting your science fair project? Do you want to pursue a career in science?
If that’s the case, this guide is for you.
Not only will you find some helpful hints for writing a long or short science and technology essay, but you will also have free access to a fantastic list of topics for a science and technology essay about space exploration.
But first, you should get in touch with GradeOffice.com to learn how our writers can help you improve your grades.
Now, continue reading…
The various applications of science are more important than ever, and it is incredible that we live in a time when scientific progress is improving living standards globally.
However, here’s the catch:
As important as scientific progress is, we must remember that it is our moral obligation to scrutinize new technology and analyze its effects on us in daily life. That is the focus of Science and Technology Studies. And the significance of science essays in STS cannot be overstated.
Would like to learn more about writing thought-provoking essays about modern technology and how science can change the world? Do you need to write a technology and communication essay that is worth 10 points? Examine this guide to learn how to write about science!
🗝️ Chapter 1: The Most Important Criteria for a Scientific Essay
Define Science and Technology Studies
STS is a field that deals with cutting-edge technologies and scientific research. Furthermore, this research looks into how science and society interact with one another.
STS courses are ideal if you want to learn more about how cultures generate new scientific ideas and how technology affects cultures.
Here’s the deal:
While the relationship and differences between science and technology are hotly debated, it is only reasonable to study them within the confines of one academic discipline.
It’s really quite simple:
Because of yesterday’s science, today’s technology is possible. And the future of science is dependent on the technology we have today. One of the primary topics of STS is their mutual impact.
And, in order to excel academically in the field of STS, you will need to practice writing scientific essays.
Essays on science. Essay writing will undoubtedly be part of your curriculum. The main requirements for scientific essays, which are listed below, can assist you in writing a great qualitative scientific essay in English.
Do you want to write the best science essay? Then, as you read the general principles of essay writing presented below, pay close attention so that you don’t miss anything:
Reference Authoritative Works
Scientific essays must be based on at least one scientific article. We must admit that internet resources are not always appropriate in academic settings. So, don’t rush to search for information on the Internet, such as Wikipedia. Take your time browsing the books in your university’s library.
Maintain Fresh Sources
Writers should base their scientific essays on current and reliable sources of information. The requirements for the sources are usually set by your university or college. So, before you use an article from December 1945, check with your instructor. Such sources may be too old for scientific papers.
Stay on Topic
Any articles you use to write your scientific essays should be related to the topics you studied during a particular semester. To avoid potential misunderstandings, it is best to show the articles you have found to a tutor or TA.
Maintain the Structure
A technology essay follows the same structure as any other custom essay. It consists of:
- An essay introduction in which you state your point in a clear thesis statement and provide a general overview of the topic; it should explain how the article(s) relate to the essay.
- A main body in which you present the findings of your investigation in the form of topic sentences and supporting arguments; the main body serves to present the writer’s interpretation of the article(s) read. When defending the accuracy of interpretations, the writer should provide evidence, examples, quotations, and so on.
- A concluding paragraph in which you restate your points and pique the reader’s interest in further research; the conclusion of a scientific essay should present one or more findings discovered while analyzing the article (s).
Keep in Mind:
Simply stating that “more research on the subject is required” is not what the conclusion should be about. It is insufficient to rehash a few articles.
We hope that the information presented here will assist you in writing a worthy scientific essay.
Our blog also contains information about a social science essay.
🤔 Chapter 2: Selecting a Science Study Topic
This time, your assignment is to write essays about science and technology.
You know, the field of science and technology is so vast that deciding on good science and technology topics can be difficult!
As a result, we will discuss the key issues to consider when selecting a topic for your scientific essay:
- It must be intriguing to you as a writer;
- it must be relevant to readers today;
- it must focus attention on some scientific innovations.
If you keep these three points in mind, you’ll have a good chance of succeeding with your science and technology essays.
If you’re stuck for ideas and don’t know what to write about, consider something practical and relevant to our daily lives.
Here’s the deal:
Science, which advances little by little every day, provides us with a wide range of topics. Sure, ruminating on sci-fi concepts is always entertaining. However, a closer examination of everyday objects reveals a plethora of potential science and technology topics. Sports, for example, that we watch on a daily basis are rich in science.
In what way?
Take, for example, baseball. “The physical properties of standard baseball bats and their effect on ball velocity,” how do you like it? Do you want another example?
“More than just luck: the science behind Tom Brady’s preposterous longevity,” according to The Guardian.
All it takes to write about the importance of science and technology in our daily lives is to take a good look around you. We are surrounded by magnificent inventions that we are accustomed to. Do you want a short list of those?
This is it:
- Any item made of plastic.
Leo Baekeland invented one of the most widely used materials in its current form in 1907. Plastic is now used in a wide range of industries, from packaging and electronics to aerospace and industrial engineering.
- Any electrically charged object.
For instance, works by Alessandro Volta and Andre-Marie Ampère are at the heart of the electrical industry, which provides 3,128.40 kWh to humanity.
- Whatever food is in front of you.
Science has transformed our approach to food cultivation, thanks to biologists and chemists who have increased agricultural productivity to unprecedented levels.
- Any modern medication.
Scientist Edward Jenner demonstrated the effectiveness of vaccination at the end of the 18th century. And, in the nineteenth century, the germ theory of disease emerged, which saved millions of lives over the next two centuries.
Now that we’ve looked at some historical achievements, let’s look at some of the most recent innovations that can be described in your science and technology essays:
- Voice-controlled robotic wheelchair (that will bring you to any location stored in its memory)
- Communication via mobile video from any mountaintop (a rather useful technique for reporters)
- More powerful 3-D computer chips
- Computers that can tell your age just by looking at you.
- New technologies in Antarctica are accelerating polar research.
In science and technology essays, there will always be new topics to cover. All you have to do is choose the most exciting ones! So, best wishes!
Our website is a great place to get more ideas for space essays.
⚙️ Chapter 3: Modern Technology Essay 101
Since technology is such a broad concept, technology essay writing encompasses a wide range of fields and can have a variety of definitions. This field, in its broadest sense, studies human knowledge and how it contributes to the development and improvement of life.
Science, engineering, machines, hardware, utensils, systems, techniques, and organizational methods can all be discussed in technology essays. As you can see, even simple technology essays cover a wide range of subjects. Even so, the STEM field encompasses a wide range of disciplines, including environmental research, neurobiology, astrophysics, robotics, and computer science. And all of these have a significant impact on our society.
Do you need an example?
Neurobiology raises difficult questions such as, “Does each hemisphere of the brain have the potential to develop its own consciousness?” This raises a slew of ethical concerns. “Boon or curse?” is a common subtitle for essays on ethical issues in science.
In your technology essay, we recommend that you look into the following topics:
- Prehistoric discoveries vs. recent technological advances
- The invention of the wheel as a mode of transportation and control over one’s own environment.
- The printing press, the telephone, and the Internet have all made significant contributions to global communication.
- Technological inventions with destructive potential.
- The global economy and technology.
- The rise of the leisure class as a result of technological advancements.
- The benefits and drawbacks of technology.
- Philosophical discussions about the present and future applications of technology.
- Luddism, the most adamantly opposed to the use of technology.
- Transhumanism and techno-progressivism, as well as their positive attitudes toward technology.
- Does technology improve people’s lives or is it a curse?
Also, if you’re looking for more interesting essay topics, take a look at this:
You are free to choose one of the suggested essay topics and investigate it in your own technology essay.
Remember following tips when writing a short essay on technology:
- Ensure that you have a thorough understanding of the problem at hand.
- Construct well-developed sentences.
- Use linking phrases both within paragraphs and throughout the text.
- Make certain that your text is coherent and logical.
- Provide a thorough explanation of your research.
- Make vivid and convincing arguments.
- Write in language that is understandable even to a non-academic audience.
- Pay attention to the tone and wording of your technology essay.
- Be wary of various types of errors (spelling, grammar, style, format).
- Be formal but not preachy.
- Anticipate potential reader questions and answer them in advance in your technology essays.
- Inspire your readers to take action and prompt them to respond appropriately.
Because of the interdisciplinary nature of STS, this type of thematic essay has some particularly high requirements. You must adhere to all of the rules of writing a standard English essay and exercise extreme caution when selecting credible studies and relevant scientific facts.
Write such an effective essay on technology that it will have a valuable significance for human development, as any discoveries you make may be used for the benefit of humanity in the future.
🌌 Chapter 4: Ideas for Space Exploration Essays
The abundance of space sci-fi fiction reflects our fascination with what lies beyond the sky. Most people became interested in science and space exploration as a result of films such as 2001: A Space Odyssey and television shows such as Star Trek.
Even primitive men, it is likely, yearned for a better understanding of the sky, stars, sun, outer space planets, the universe, and all the other sky objects. People began to consider being closer to the sky as science and some primitive technologies advanced.
Space explorations began in the classical world, and humanity’s knowledge of the sky and space grew from century to century. Eventually, people were able to create the first satellite, as well as the first spaceship. We were able to organize the first space mission and set foot on the moon.
All of these amazing things, which bring us closer to the brave new world, can be described in space exploration essays. We are delighted to assist you with your space exploration essay by providing a variety of essay writing topics with answers.
Space studies is becoming increasingly important to humanity. Your space exploration essay can focus on the very beginning of this era. You can tell about actual space studies that began at the end of the nineteenth century and evolved over time into what we have today. The following is a list of space exploration essay topics:
- What exactly is the goal of planetary science?
- How do you perceive and define space?
- A general overview of space and humanity
- The Origins and Evolution of Space Studies
- What are some of Space Studies’ most notable contributions?
- Who aided in the advancement of Space Studies?
- What have we learned from Space Study?
- What are the advantages of Space Studies?
- Describe competition trends in Space Studies.
- What NASA’s responsibility?
- What is the significance of the Solar System?
- Explain the dynamics of space flight.
- Explain the first 50 years of the space age.
- Contrast and contrast various space research techniques
- What are the physiological effects of space travel on the human body?
- Discuss human explorations of other planets.
- How important is the issue of space debris?
- What role do dogs play in space exploration?
- Examine the process of human adaptation to space conditions.
- Discuss the origins and significance of Space Exploration Day.
- The impact of space weather on the Earth
- Space exploration’s ecological challenges
- Recent trends and news concerning space exploration
- Who are the most well-known American astronauts and scientists?
- Who was the first man to set foot in space?
- What are the financial advantages of space exploration?
- Discuss interesting space facts
- What are the major countries‘ space programs?
- Exploration, effects, and potential applications of black holes
- Is there any evidence that black holes exist?
- Describe the concept of white holes.
- What is the distinction between black and white holes?
You could write a space exploration technology essay. In such a work, you could describe the first spaceship projects as well as write about the most recent technologies in the field of space travel and exploration.
- Spacecraft History
- What are the benefits and drawbacks of unmanned spacecraft?
- Describe a contemporary spacecraft.
- Project Orion: its history, challenges, and impact
- How does a rocket take off?
- How long does it take for a spaceship to arrive at a planet?
- Is space technology capable of resolving the energy crisis?
- Opportunities for the advancement of space technologies
- Can space technology aid in the fight against the avian influenza virus?
- Discuss the significance of space weapons.
- Who were the forefathers of rocket and space technology?
- How is the rocket built?
- What is the operation of an artificial satellite?
- Classification of Spacecraft
- What takes place on the International Space Station?
- The benefits and drawbacks of space weapons
- The Future of Space Travel
- What are the safety precautions on spacecraft?
Space Exploration and Cold War
Space exploration essays can also be devoted to one of space exploration’s most progressive eras – the Cold War. It was a period when the United States and the Soviet Union were developing their technologies, which can be described as a space race. It was a grueling competition.
You could write a short comparative essay about the science of space exploration, comparing the two countries’ space projects.
- The Space Race Between the United States and the Soviet Union
- Comparison: Sputnik vs. Apollo
- How did the Cold War affect space exploration?
- Space exploration and the Cold War timeline
- Diplomacy, Cold War, and Space Studies
- What are the ramifications of the space race?
- Was the space race caused by the Cold War?
Eventually, in your short essay on science and technology in the future, consider the true significance of various space innovations for humanity. Many people are opposed to spending large sums of money on space exploration since there are so many people starving or suffering from natural disasters. Therefore, in your space exploration essay, express your thoughts on this question.
Do you want some pointers on how to choose good topics? Check out our Guide to Academic Writing for some brainstorming techniques.
If you’re wondering if space exploration is still appropriate, check out what Neil deGrasse Tyson has to say about it:
- How important are Space Studies to us?
- Why should we continue to explore space?
- How much money is spent on space exploration?
- Is it worthwhile to spend money on space exploration?
- Is it a waste of money to invest in space exploration?
- What are the prospects for space exploration?
- What are some of the drawbacks of space studies?
- What is the purpose of space exploration?
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of space exploration?
- Is it possible to colonize the Solar System?
- Compare and contrast the colonization of planets in outer space in science fiction.
- What future space innovations do you believe will be invented?
- Do you believe humans could survive on another planet?
With these science essay topics, we hope that writing your space exploration essay will be exciting and intellectual.
🔬 220 Topics for Essays on Science and Technology
- Computer history: how did the first computer come to be?
- The new Face ID technology: Is it a game-changer?
- What technologies should scientists develop so that humans can live on Mars?
- Modern automobiles and technologies that assist drivers in maintaining control of their vehicles
- The farthest object that humanity has been able to observe using a telescope.
- The impact of new technologies on people’s health, lifestyle, and values
- Is teleportation possible, or should people stop investing in its development?
- How will technological schools look in the future?
- Can the human brain outperform a computer in terms of productivity?
- How do new technologies affect people’s beliefs and philosophies?
- Leonardo da Vinci’s contribution to modern civilization and new technologies
- Japan’s revolutionary technologies and well-known inventions
- Will people continue to study exact sciences in the future?
- Is it possible that in the future, human labor will not be required for various manufacturing processes?
- What is it possible that Isaac Newton could invent in the twenty-first century?
- Do new technologies have an impact on people’s appearance? How?
- What would the world be like if computers and telephones did not exist?
- Will builders, cooks, and other occupations that do not require human interaction be in demand for several decades?
- New agricultural technologies and equipment that aid farmers during the wheat harvest
- Will hover drones eventually replace helicopters?
- Sources of alternative energy
- The impact of social media on the world and the populations of various countries
- What technologies should be implemented to reduce global pollution?
- If people live on Mars, what means of communication between the two planets could be quick enough to share useful information?
- How can the issue of people who are not connected to the Internet be addressed?
- Modern architecture technologies
- A scientific approach to the alcoholism problem
- Stephen Hawking’s black hole theory
- NASA’s space projects that will be completed within the next decade
- In which fields are computer technologies unable to replace workers?
- A scientific approach to global warming: the most effective disaster prevention methods
- 12 features that are useful in the new generation of computers and mobile phones
- How do the sun’s rays affect people’s health?
- The scientific career and achievements of Ernest Rutherford
- The world’s most technologically advanced country
- Implementation of garbage-removal technologies in the oceans
- Novel methods of charging electronic devices
- Spaceship scientific research: Is interplanetary travel a possibility?
- Pluto’s surface temperature is 19 degrees Celsius.
- The most absurd and pointless scientific experiments
- The Moon’s gravity, temperature, and living conditions
- What might be discovered at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean? Will humanity ever reach its pinnacle?
- Technologies that make people’s lives easier to live
- Differences and similarities between the human brain and a computer
- Nursing technologies for delivering appropriate medications to patients in hospital settings
- Scientific research on the topic of global nature and environmental protection: ecological technologies and policies
- Does the popular minimalism movement contribute to the development of new technologies?
- The tallest plants on the planet, as well as the locations where they grow
- Throughout the world, innovative technologies for producing and reserving electricity are being developed.
- New technologies that prevent ships from collapsing during storms
- Apple’s approach to the security of their customers’ personal information
- How will the orbits of the planets in the Milky Way change over the next century?
- How big can the universe possibly be?
- 14 Nanotechnologies used in medicine to prevent or treat AIDS and cancer.
- Earth’s collision with an asteroid in about 600 years: real threat or hoax?
- Will humanity ever be able to cross the border of our galaxy?
- Will humans colonize Mars instead of saving the Earth from ecological disaster?
- The role of nanotechnologies in reducing the amount of garbage on the planet
- New sports technologies and how will they affect people’s health?
- Modern bicycles and technologies that reduce the likelihood of road accidents
- The world’s safest mode of transportation
- Virtual reality and its applications to humanity
- Can virtual reality help disabled people live a healthy life?
- The most efficient way to travel across the universe and galaxies
- How will robots and other programmed machines affect life on Earth?
- Changes in people’s occupations as a result of technological advancement
- Is the creation of human clones a possibility?
- The most impressive innovations that scientists are expected to develop in the next century
- Nanotechnologies in biology: Is it possible that people will implant microchips in their heads that will record every memory and useful data?
- Is it necessary to use technology to support human brain activities?
- Social media vs. television: Is it possible that people will stop watching TV channels and instead use the Internet?
- New technologies in education: what new teaching and learning methods might be beneficial in colleges and universities?
- How does the world of cutting-edge technologies and gadgets affect people’s interpersonal relationships?
- Virtual character marriages are a new trend in Japan.
- The impact of genetically modified foods on human health
- The efficacy of physical exercises aided by new technologies
- How long does it take scientists to develop a vaccine against a newly discovered virus?
- The spread of the Ebola virus and various methods for preventing it in healthy people
- Advantages and disadvantages of 3D printing technology
- How have computers influenced people’s lives?
- The world’s safest mode of transportation.
- Virtual reality and its applications for humanity
- Can virtual reality assist disabled people in living a healthy life?
- The best way to travel across the universe and galaxies
- Robots and other programmed machines: how will they affect life on Earth?
- Changes in people’s occupations as a result of technological progress
- Is it possible to create human clones?
- The most impressive innovations that people expect scientists to develop in the next century
- Nanotechnologies in biology: Is it possible that people will implant microchips in their heads to record every memory and useful data?
- Is it necessary to use technology to assist human brain activities?
- Social media vs. television: Is it possible that people will stop watching TV channels and instead turn to the Internet?
- New technologies in education: what new methods of teaching and learning might be beneficial in colleges and universities?
- How does the world of innovative technologies and gadgets affect people’s relationships with one another?
- A new trend in Japan: marriages between virtual characters.
- Genetically modified foods and their impact on human health
- The effectiveness of physical exercises aided by new technologies
- How long does it take scientists to develop a vaccine against an unexpectedly appearing virus?
- The spread of the Ebola virus and various methods of prevention in healthy people
- Benefits and advantages of 3D printing technology
- How have computers changed people’s lives?
- Products that improve people’s nighttime sleep and make their daily activities more productive
- The impact of the environment on people’s health: toxic gases, contaminated water, and genetically modified foods
- New plane technologies that assist pilots in controlling and landing the planes
- How can 3D printing help people save money on medical bills?
- The role of drones in today’s world: how can people use this technology to save money and avoid traffic?
- Future vehicles: how will people commute to work in several decades?
- The ability to control computers and mobile phones solely through brain activity.
- New technologies that help people balance their nervous systems and prevent stress
- Nanotechnologies in ophthalmology: resolving the problem of low vision in children
- People’s mental health and how modern technology affects it
- New garbage recycling technologies: methods to reduce global pollution
- China’s rapid development: technologies that the country employs to propel its economic system forward.
- Future methods of delivering oxygen to people on Mars
- 14 Technologies that purify and purify water for human consumption
- Oil drilling technologies and their environmental impact
- How do new businesses use social media to increase profits and attract new customers?
- Computer programs and applications that assist students in carrying out and organizing scientific research
- How will the Internet change in the next hundred years, and what technology may eventually replace the World Wide Web?
- The Benefits of Using Cloning Technologies in Home Care
- Unwanted consequences of people’s reliance on technology: computers, mobile phones, and gaming consoles
- New technologies in language learning: novel approaches to expanding one’s vocabulary
- Novel techniques for transplanting vital organs
- The significance of video games in people’s lives
- An environmentally friendly fuel that could be used in place of natural gas, gasoline, and diesel.
- The potential harm that robots could cause to humanity
- Is time travel possible, and what technologies might aid humanity in developing a time machine?
- Perpetual motion machine: various scientists’ attempts to create an engine with infinite energy resources.
- People use eight technologies on a daily basis.
- Scientific discoveries or decisions that have the potential to save the world
- How far can humans travel in space from Earth?
- What are the aerodynamic properties of automobiles and how have they changed since 1950?
- How do technologies affect people’s minds and cultures?
- What is the point of developing new warfare technologies if some countries have the capability to destroy our planet multiple times?
- What effect will new technologies have on military establishments and international relations?
- Does the Internet make people smarter or dumber?
- Which technologies are legally restricted on the territory of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea?
- Do Internet search engines like Google, Ask, and Bing cause people to be less attentive to what they learn?
- If new software necessitates more memory space on computers, how many terabytes will an average internet user require in the next twenty years?
- Will robots coexist with humans in a hundred years?
- How can robots assist humanity in increasing daily productivity?
- New technologies in Apple devices that improve people’s lives
- Future methods of acquiring and disseminating necessary information
- Will professional philologists ever be able to be replaced by translation or interpreting software?
- How can hospital patients be treated by robots and other programmed machines?
- New technologies in the taxi industry
- Is technological progress beneficial or should people avoid it?
- Which technologies have a negative impact on the environment, the Earth’s population, and the oceans?
- Tattoo technology: the most effective methods of putting colored pigments under the skin
- Does the United States government use any technologies that allow it to wiretap people’s private phone calls? Is this moral?
- What technologies should be implemented to provide wireless Internet access all over the world?
- Do modern people’s values prioritize new technologies over everything else?
- What technologies should be implemented to reduce the likelihood of global overpopulation?
- Are electric cars more cost-effective and productive than vehicles powered by benzene, diesel, or natural gas?
- Do Face ID and Touch ID technologies protect people’s data from hackers?
- Can any technologies extend people’s lives or reduce the amount of time they need to sleep at night?
- Are dolphins and whales as intelligent as humans?
- Movements and branches of new science
- Synthetic biology’s role in medicine
- The future impact of nanotechnology on human development
- Bionics: the fundamental principles and goals of the new science
- Nutrigenomics: food values and other factors influencing people’s health 2. The main principles and goals of memetics research
- Neuroeconomics: the human brain’s ability to make sound decisions.
- Sonocytology: the study of the sounds and impulses produced by human cells.
- Technologies that aid in the socialization and rehabilitation of people who have been in a coma for an extended period of time.
- How can zero gravity in outer space be used to benefit people?
- Which countries are well-known for their citizens’ significant achievements in the field of science?
- Which countries are well-known for their citizens’ significant achievements in the field of new technologies?
- How long will it take the Earth to replenish all of the resources and energy that humanity has depleted?
- New technologies in the restaurant and hotel industries: improved methods of collaborating with customers
- Is it ethical to implant microchips in animals?
- New technologies that allow people to shop online: is it cost-effective in terms of both time and money?
- New technologies for lowering various health risks in polluted areas
- Novel approaches to making medical procedures more precise and reducing the possibility of unfavorable outcomes.
- New technologies for cleaning eggs and removing all bacteria from the surfaces of natural products
- How can the implantation of microchips in the human brain assist people who are paralyzed?
- Heavy-duty trucks have autopilots installed.
- Payment systems that require eye or face scans: is this technology more secure than traditional passwords?
- Cameras with the ability to record everything in 360-degree mode.
- The Importance of Solar Batteries in the Modern World
- Intelligent computers that do not require human intervention to complete specific tasks or learn new information.
- Robotic chefs: the functions of the gadgets and other options that make cooking easier.
- Modular phone technology: why did the idea of creating a phone made up of multiple blocks fail?
- New technology that may enable people to feel and touch various objects in virtual realities.
- Will ordinary people be able to travel to space in the near future?
- The technology that recycles and filters the water used in showers.
- Technologies used in the fishing industry
- Gyroscope and various devices based on its operation
- Newton’s circle and the spheres that use it today
- Scientific evidence that other life forms exist in space 11. Active volcanoes that can erupt at any time: preventative and safety technologies
- Technologies that have the potential to make people healthier and more fit without requiring them to exert any effort.
- New technologies in the cosmetics industry
- Future science branches that may form new occupations 15. The most valuable resource on Earth and technological methods for extracting it
- New web-design technologies
- The Internet of Things: How does it affect people’s daily lives?
- Are there any nutritious components in synthetic food?
- What technologies should be implemented in people’s homes to reduce utility costs?
- Entertainment: How will new technologies impact people’s hobbies in the future?
- How will new technologies affect how people act, communicate, and interact with one another?
- How long will it take for humans to travel from Earth to Mars?
- Mars’ temperature: Is it possible for humans to survive on the Red Planet without the use of additional heating devices?
- What will people eat and how will they get their food on Mars?
- Professions that humans may require on Mars if it is colonized
- Technologies that will be required for humans to survive on Mars
- Will humanity’s messages sent into space ever be answered?
- If other forms of life exist in different galaxies, how will humans understand and communicate with them?
- Satellites in our planet’s orbit: what do they do and why are they important to people?
- Is it possible for a human to remain in a deep freeze for an extended period of time?
- International Space Station: What do cosmonauts study and observe from Earth’s orbit?
- The major problems of modern science: what problems are scientists attempting to solve?
- The main issues with modern technology: how hazardous can new technologies be to our environment?
- How have different professions changed and improved as a result of technological advancement?
- Egyptian pyramids: technologies used by ancient Egyptians to construct their pharaohs’ tombs
- Significant achievements of contemporary scientists in chemistry and biology
- What are the technologies used in modern helicopters, and how have these flying machines evolved since 1950?
- German road-building technologies: how can a high-quality road that lasts for decades be built?
- New technologies used in maternity hospitals
- What is antimatter and how can it be used in various industries?
- The advancement of science and technology in the twenty-first century
- How has technology changed our lives in comparison to people who lived a century ago?
- The modern technology you can’t live without
- Potential positive and negative effects of scientific advancement on the future
- Ethical considerations in human genetic engineering
- Controversial stem cell research issues
- What are the benefits and drawbacks of genetic engineering?
- What are the tools for enabling the disabled in science and technology?
- Human experiments: Can they be justified in the name of scientific advancement?
- Alternative energy technologies: can they provide humanity with long-term energy resources?
- Are there technologies that can halt global warming?
- What technologies can help to reduce the negative impact of humans on the environment?
- A scientific and technological contribution to lowering the carbon footprint
- Is there a link between human science and technology and natural disasters?
- Military technological advancement: a path to security or a global threat?
- Robot army: a scene from a science fiction film or the near future?
- Personal safety science and technology
- Scientific and technological advancements in cybersecurity
- Research and development of technologies for secure online purchases
Essays are the most common academic paper, and they may appear simple to an essay writer. And our free essay tips are always available to assist you in completing any type of essay. Still, if you get stuck writing, you can always come to us for assistance! Your science, technology, and society essay will undoubtedly receive an A+ from Custom-Writing.org!
- Funny Informative Speech Topics and Ideas to Submit
- An outline of Informative Speech Topics: Best Creative Topic Ideas
- Good Informative Speech Topics: How to Get Thunders of Applause
- Social Studies Topics to Help Complete Your Research Project
- Satirical Essay Samples and Best Satire Essay Topics
- Facts: UNC Writing Center
- Definition STS: Harward University
- An Introduction to Science and Technology Studies: Book by Sergio Sismondo
- Define Study of STS. Stanford University
- Search for a Topic Idea: Questia
- Essay Format: Ashford Writing Center
- General Essay and Paragraph Format: UVU Writing Center
- 100 Technology Topics for Research Papers: Owlcation
- A CS Research Topic Generator: Purdue University
- Research Topics List: NASA
- Innovative Technology: NASA
- Space Exploration Timeline: ALIC
- Science and Technology: Academia | <urn:uuid:961d869d-84c0-413b-845e-f35c6916a3a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gradeoffice.com/220-best-science-and-technology-essay-topics-to-write-about/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.902461 | 7,787 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Prince Andrew was today accused of using the phrase ‘n***er in the woodpile’ and a colonial-era slur about ‘playing the white man’ during Buckingham Palace meetings with a top British Asian aide from No 10. Rohan Silva, who worked for David Cameron, has deepened the Duke of York’s crisis and said he was left ‘reeling at the prince’s use of language’. Mr Silva, who is a tech entrepreneur who also writes for the Evening Standard, told the newspaper that he met Andrew in 2012 and asked him if he felt the Government ‘could be doing a better job’ on boosting trade with the world. Andrew then allegedly responded: ‘Well, If you’ll pardon the expression, that really is the n***** in the woodpile’, upsetting Mr Silva, who is of Sri Lankan descent. A year earlier, Mr Silva said he met the Duke of York and on that occasion he allegedly told him: ‘You’ll never get anywhere by playing the white man’ – an offensive term commonly used in Victorian Britain during the colonial period. Prince Andrew (left in his disastrous BBC interview) was today accused of using the phrase ‘n***er in the woodpile’ during a meeting at Buckingham Palace with a British Asian… Read full this story
- Could Meghan Markle and Prince Harry ‘break the internet’ with an Instagram birth announcement?
- Maryland officials demand Del. Mary Ann Lisanti resign over racial slur
- Papa John's slur, scandal: John Schnatter's exit from company
- Meghan Markle finally strikes back at her father and gossip about her — with the help of friends
- Meghan Markle’s escalating ‘nightmare’ with father worries George Clooney, Queen Elizabeth, others
- Donald Trump 'May Have Committed Treason,' National Security Expert Warns
- Calendar for March 16
- Pope drops tact in UAE visit
- Calendar for February 16
- Sonny Perdue knocks Bud Light, Zinke packs up and Rosenstein dines out
Palace ‘strenuously denies’ Prince Andrew used ‘n-word' slur during 2012 Buckingham Palace meeting have 302 words, post on www.dailymail.co.uk at November 18, 2019. This is cached page on wBlogs. If you want remove this page, please contact us. | <urn:uuid:a9059b81-3b35-4e98-9444-3a6aed5cee0f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wblogs.info/2019/11/palace-strenuously-denies-prince-andrew-used-n-word-slur-during-2012-buckingham-palace-meeting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.939219 | 506 | 1.546875 | 2 |
State officials monitoring the cleanup of contaminated groundwater at Lang Station began digging deeper wells at the site this summer after finding their existing wells had dried up with the drought.
Officials with the California Department of Toxic Substances Control voiced concern in April for residents living near contaminated groundwater at Lang Station – on the south side of Highway 14 off of Soledad Canyon Road – just two miles upstream from Vista Canyon where 1,000 homes are to be built.
More than 1,000 people, however, are expected to move into Vista Canyon homes built two miles downstream of the contaminated site.
Building construction for the project is expected to begin before the year is out.
“Hopefully, in the next couple of months there will be some commercial buildings constructed,” Robert Newman, Public Works director for Santa Clarita told The Signal this week.
“Vertical construction should begin before the end of the year,” he said.
Asked if there was concerned ongoing tests monitored by the Department of Toxic Substances Control might reveal upstream water to be contaminated, Newman said, “No.”
Any concern about contamination, he said, was allayed by the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board which would not have issued permits needed to pursue Vista Canyon and its “Water Factory” recycling project if it was contaminated.
In June, the state water regulators gave Vista Canyon developers, JSB Development, the green light to proceed with the water-recycling plans, approving the necessary permits to do the job.
The ‘Water Factory’ facility planned as part of Vista Canyon is to be Santa Clarita’s first large-scale recycling venture.
Vista Canyon is a mixed-use housing project that calls for more than 1,000 homes to be built and almost a million square feet of commercial space on 185 acres across the Santa Clara River from Canyon Country Park. It would be located between Sand Canyon and Lost Canyon roads.
Lang Station is a 64-acre contaminated site at 1250 Lang Station Road, east of State Route 14 off Soledad Canyon Road.
“In April and May 2017 we oversaw testing at the site,” Russ Edmondson, spokesman for the toxic substances department, told The Signal in May.
When testing crews got to the site, however, they found the wells had dried up.
“We discovered that some of the existing groundwater monitoring wells had gone dry due to the drought so we are working to install new and deeper groundwater monitoring wells at the site,” he told The Signal Friday.
“And, we are also working to resume the soil vapor extraction operations,” he said, noting there is no estimated date as to when either operation would begin.
Vista Canyon developers were expected to install monitoring wells for the “water factory” around this time.
The builders refer to the recycling plant as water factory.
It would receive about 80 percent of the water leaving homes in Vista Canyon – from toilets to bathtub and kitchen sink drains. The other 20 percent – solid wastes from the same sources – would go to the Saugus Water Reclamation Plant for treatment.
The 80 percent would be treated at the water factory for the sole purpose of irrigating public areas such as parks. Planners emphasized the recycled water would not be for human consumption.
Principal players in the project are the developer, which builds the plant, Santa Clarita, which takes ownership and operates it, and the Castaic Lake Water Agency and its water-retailing division, the Santa Clarita Water Division, which will install the infrastructure needed to use water factory water on parks and medians near Vista Canyon.
on Twitter @jamesarthurholt | <urn:uuid:2aca88ea-b380-4d02-99ae-b70660f1fbfe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://signalscv.com/2017/09/delayed-water-tests-lang-station-wont-slow-vista-canyon-work/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.959813 | 779 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Professor Teaches Business Planning
is an easy to use computer training software designed to help you prepare a business plan outline. It will take you from your initial ideas for a business to writing a basic business plan to executing the final business plan. As you develop the business plan and define the actual business, you will also determine the goals of the organization and the company strategy. Download the product and create a business plan today!
Professor Teaches guides you through the entire business plan making process.
Our guides and tutorials will help you learn how to write a business plan quickly.
What is Business Planning?
A business plan is a strategy plan that helps businesses look towards the future. It outlines specific aspects to improve in the business such as inefficiencies and potential opportunities. Business plans are important to both small businesses and large corporations.
What are the Benefits of Learning Business Planning?
With a written business plan you can:
- Plan and Start a Small Business
- Apply for a Business Loan or Investment
- Improve Your Current Business
What You Will Learn in Professor Teaches Business Planning
| ||Our extensive computer training course will cover the following topics:|
• Introduction to Business Planning
• Developing the Business Plan
• Defining Your Business
• Defining Business Strategy / Goals
• Business Forecasting
• Completing the Business Plan
• Finding Investors / Funding
View the Business Planning Course Outline |
• Practice in a Realistic Simulation of the Software
• Hundreds of Learning Topics
• 4 to 8 Hours of Training per Course
• Realistic Simulations
• Beginner to Advanced Topics
• Self-Paced Learning Objectives
• Introductions and Summaries
• Interactive Exercises
• Professional Voice Narration
• End-of-Chapter Quiz Questions
• Checkmarks for Completed Topics
• Glossary, Index, and Search
• Professor Answers for Instant Training | <urn:uuid:2471c211-bfc1-4f77-b3d2-de41471df2fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://professorteaches.com/course_info/business_planning.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.873254 | 415 | 2.71875 | 3 |
THE SECOND EVE
"Hail, thou full of grace! Be not ashamed, as if thou wert the cause of our condemnation. For thou art made the Mother of Him who is at once our Judge and our Redeemer. Hail, thou stainless Mother of the Bridegroom of a world bereft! Hail, thou that hast sunk in thy womb the death (that came) of the mother (Eve)! Hail, thou equal home of heaven and earth alike. Hail, thou amplest receptacle of the illimitable nature."*
S. CYRIL OF JERUSALEM.
"Since through Eve, a virgin, came death, it behoved that through a Virgin, or rather from a virgin, should life appear. That as the Serpent had deceived the one, so Gabriel might come and bring glad tidings to the other."+
"Eve being born from Adam's side without a mother, Jesus Christ was born from His Mother without father. For the female sex owed a debt to man; and this Mary paid by giving birth to Jesus Christ of herself alone, by the Holy Ghost, through the power of God."++
S. GREGORY OF NYSSA.
"The woman hath made an excuse for the woman... The one through the wood brought in sin: the other through the wood brought in against it a blessing."**
"By a Virgin has the world been set free, which had of old through a virgin fallen under sin."||
"Brethren, sons of Eve, let us listen to the fall of our first Mother, a fall which Mary repaired... Through Eve the beautiful and desirable glory of man was extinguished, but through Mary it has revived."***
"The foolish mother is the fountain of our miseries, but her prudent sister is the treasury of our joys."+++
"Adam by means of the new Eve entered again into paradise."**** | <urn:uuid:1e4ac66a-cdd3-4c1b-8c0c-9982e14337a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://suburbanbanshee.net/MaryFathers/01p48.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.953694 | 419 | 1.9375 | 2 |
While trade secret theft is generally addressed through civil suits, criminal punishment is increasingly being used as a deterrent by the federal government.
The Economic Espionage Act of 1996 criminalizes trade secret theft committed for personal benefit within the country or for the benefit of a foreign government. Two recent amendments to the law will broaden the government’s ability to prosecute these cases and impose tougher penalties.
The Theft of Trade Secrets Clarification Act of 2012 clarifies the scope of the Economic Espionage Act of 1996 in light of U.S. v. Aleynikov, 676 F.3d 71 (2d Cir. 2012). In that case, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals overturned the criminal conviction of a programmer who stole the source code of his employer to establish a competing firm. The court held that the computer code failed to satisfy the statute’s requirement that the “product” was “produced for” or “placed in” interstate or foreign commerce. Under the amendment, which was signed into law by President Obama in December, the prohibition against the theft of trade secrets will now apply to a trade secret that is related to a product or service used in or intended for use in interstate or foreign commerce.
The Foreign and Economic Espionage Penalty Enhancement Act of 2012 will enhance the penalties for misappropriating trade secrets to benefit a foreign government. For individual offenders, the monetary limit for financial penalties would increase from $500,000 to $5,000,000. For corporations, it would increase from $10,000,000 to the greater of $10,000,000 or 3 times the value of the stolen trade secret to the organization, including expenses for research and design and other costs of reproducing the trade secret that the organization has thereby avoided. The legislation was passed by Congress and is now awaiting the President’s signature.
we encourage you to contact one of our experienced intellectual property attorneys for a free 30-minute consultation.
How Can I Help?
As these new laws highlight, it is imperative for businesses to carefully guard all proprietary information and make sure that all employees understand what constitutes a protected trade secret. For more information about how to best protect your trade secrets, contact me for a free 30 minute consultation at firstname.lastname@example.org or call TOLL FREE at 1-855-UR IDEAS (1-855-874-3327) and ask for Norman.
– Ex astris, scientia –
I am and avid amateur astronomer and intellectual property attorney in Pasadena, California and I am a Rising Star as rated by Super Lawyers Magazine. As a former Chief Petty Officer in the U.S. Navy, I am a proud member of the Armed Service Committee of the Los Angeles County Bar Association working to aid all active duty and veterans in our communities. Connect with me on Google + | <urn:uuid:df6262bf-c8ca-4f58-9f4c-e71409d8ffb2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://astronomyandlaw.com/?p=2773 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.931176 | 586 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Calibration is the act of checking the functioning an electronic instrument to verify its features according to the manufacturer's original technical specifications. To do so we make a comparison of measures with a reference instrument defined sample. In order to do that we compare measures obtained with a sample instrument. If during the calibration phase the equipment does not show its original specifics, then it is necessary to repair it. This phase is called calibration.
Thanks to partnerships with specialized laboratories and certified LAT, we can offer different types of calibration:
- Standard calibration
A standard calibration is a procedure developed by the laboratory that performs the operation. In some cases, if the laboratory has obtained Certification of quality, this procedure is covered by the certificate.
- LAT calibration
LAT calibration can be performed only by laboratories accredited by Accredia.
The main parameters for the calibration LAT are:
- AM and FM Modulation and Noise (radio frequency and microwave)
- Field strength and temperature
- Ac/Dc voltage
- Ac/Dc current
- Ac/Dc Resistance and capacity.
- (LQT) LAT equivalent calibration
It is a LAT calibration equivalent given internationally.
The certificate is the statement that the instrument is compliant with the manufacturer's specifics. The measured values are not reported. | <urn:uuid:df757a83-090e-4569-a761-1dee8e3a7b99> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.gruppompb.uk.com/services.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.911767 | 290 | 3.1875 | 3 |
All healing start from within and through releasing pain, worry, anger and limiting belief structures, we can reach complete health and wellbeing.
Our bodies have an innate ability to heal any physical, mental and soul pain, discomfort or dis-ease, bringing vitality and energy to the areas that need it. Quoting Reiki Master Yuko, these are the beneficial factors of Reiki:
★ Complete relaxation
★ Release of stress and anxiety
★ Positive emotional states
★ A release of old blocked emotions
★ Pain relief
★ A strengthened immune system
★ Open your intuitive centers
★ Enhance learning
★ Eliminate emotional, physical and mental stress
★ Help overcome past trauma
So the first pillar of Reiki is: just for today, don't anger. Let go of any resentment or anger, toward yourself, others or the world. Come to a peace of mind to let more love and light in.
The second pillar of Reiki is: "Just for today, do not worry". Worry can not prevent or change any outcome in life; it only limits and let's fear control everything we do in the present moment. Let go of the need to control and release worry to become stress and fear free. Reiki teaches us that our body has an image ability to heal ourselves on physical, mental and soul level.
The third pillar of Reiki is "Just for today, be grateful". To totally and fully enjoy life today, you have to be grateful for what is today, focusing solely on what you are grateful and happy for. When you focus your mind on what you do have, instead of what you don't have yet, you switch your mind to a grateful state of mind, creating so much positive energy. Gratitude creates so much healing in your life and in the world. Reiki teaches us that we have a innate ability to heal our minds and body to create total vitality and health.
The fourth pillar of Reiki is "Just for today, work hard". This does not mean that you need to suffer or stress to reach healing. It is all about committing to ones goals and visions, putting in the energy to the world that one wishes to get back.
The last pillar of Reiki is "Just for today, be kind". When one is kind to oneself, one can be kind to others. There is no money that can create kindness, it is only through our energy and love that you can give and receive kindness. Be kind to create more kindness.
Reiki energy transcends both time and space and can be shared throughout the world. Reiki healing is passed dow from master to student and this is my lineage:
MY REIKI LINEAGE | <urn:uuid:9d14aafb-4fec-461e-83da-fea95ee685bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lawofpositivism.com/reiki.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.929492 | 554 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Parenting during this pandemic time is a difficult thing. Parents need to manage a lot of other tasks along with the kids. A combined pressure of completing household chores, office work, and helping kids with study and hobbies can make anyone’s life, a nightmare. No wonder you feel extremely exhausted at the end of every day during this pandemic and you need some parenting tips.
Stress is the main villain that you need to face while parenting along with managing all other tasks. If you are a parent, you will be vexed with the guilt that even if you were at the home, you couldn’t spare time for your kids. In the same way around, you would not pay enough attention to work.
As a result of this, you may start shouting and yelling at your kids. But, that’s not a solution to your problems. It will only increase the issues. To be able to be calm while parenting during this pandemic, you just need to be aware of certain tips.
Play with your children
You have to be aware that this pandemic restriction time is tough for your kids too. Closing of educational institutions, the pressure of online classes, and not being able to step outside to play with friends can make your kids anxious and depressed. So, it is important to take out time and play with them. This will also act therapeutic for you and will lower your stress level. Sharing a comforting hug with your kids would also be a great idea to connect with them and cope with this hard time.
Set a timetable and schedule time solely for your family
Make a routine timetable and spare some solid time for your kids, where you can plan constructive moments. This will help you have some control over your little ones. Also, make a habit of having at least one meal of the day together. And, keep your electronic devices away during this quality time. Talk to your family members and spend some relaxed time with them and alone too.
Do not try to be a superwoman or superman
Do not try to do everything suggested on the Internet. Grab good things that are doable and do not compare yourself with others. Every parent has a different way of parenting and therefore look for ways that work for you.
Find their hobbies and be supportive
One important thing a parent needs to do is to find the hobbies and tastes of your kids. If possible in this lock-down, do whatever be possible to enhance it. But care must be taken that if your kids have a hobby like travelling or playing outdoor games, play strategically not to arise their interest in those. Never make an angry idol of you before your kids, but be friendly to them.
Try these tips and enjoy the positive moments with your family. Always keep in your mind that your family means something to you. Stay home and stay safe. | <urn:uuid:11c43ca9-9cfc-4329-ab6d-4923c4090e51> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://uae24x7.com/lifestyle/health/smooth-parenting-tips-on-how-to-remain-calm-while-handling-your-kids/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.968454 | 580 | 2.0625 | 2 |
3D-Printing Self-Assembling Blood Vessels with Human Cells
The cardiovascular system is a complex web of tens of thousands of miles of arteries, capillaries, and veins. Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory are duplicating this intricate network using an emerging technology - 3D bioprinting. Using a 3D printer and a 'bio-ink' made of materials compatible with the human body, the research team has successfully printed structures with living cells and biomaterials. The material and environment are engineered to enable small blood vessels, human capillaries, to develop on their own. This process takes a while, so initially, tubes are printed out of cells and other biomaterials to deliver essential nutrients to the surrounding printed environment. Eventually, the self-assembled capillaries are able to connect with the bio-printed tubes and deliver nutrients to the cells on their own, enabling these structures to function like they do in the body. | <urn:uuid:09182e09-adc9-4d0e-8b19-476d53c31913> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/tb/tv/31315?r=31615 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.933416 | 196 | 3.453125 | 3 |
APPLICATION OF OFF-NADIR SATELLITE IMAGERY IN EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT USING OBJECT-BASED HOG FEATURE DESCRIPTOR
- Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fredericton, NB, Canada
Keywords: off-nadir satellite imagery, damage detection, Object-Based Image Analysis, HOG feature descriptor
Abstract. One of the most crutial applications of very-high-resolution (VHR) satellite images is disaster management. In disaster management, time is of great importance. Therefore, it is vital to acquire satellite images as quickly as possible and benefit from automatic change detection to speed up the process. Automatic damage map generation is performed by overlaying the co-registered before and after images of the area of interest and, compring them to highlight the affected infrastructures. For speeding up image capture, satellites tilt their imaging sensor and take images from oblique angles. However, this kind of image acquisition causes severe geometric distortion in the images, which hinders image co-registration in automatic change detection. In this study, a Patch-Wise Co-Registration (PWCR) solution is used. In this algorithm, the before and after images are co-registered in a segment-by-segment manner. From the literature, this algorithm is followed by a spectral comparison to detect changes. However, due to the complicated structure of debris in damage detection applications, spectral comparison methods cannot perform well. In this work, we developed an object-based method using Histogram of Oriented Gradient descriptor to detect damges and compared our results to different existing spectral and textural change detection methods. The algorithm is tested on images from the 2010-Heidi earthquake, captured by DigitalGlobe. The achieved highly accurate results demonstrate the potential of using off-nadir remote sensing images for automatic urban damage detection possibly in early response systems as it speeds up the damage map generation by providing flexibility to utilize images taken from different anlges. | <urn:uuid:95549709-b80d-46e7-93b6-cfe4c5f7651b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.int-arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XLII-3-W8/167/2019/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W8-167-2019.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.909694 | 424 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Keto in a nutshell!
Keto lifestyle fuels your body and feeds your brain. A reduction in carbs causes the body to burn fat for energy.
Switch to burning fat for an added oomph and tons of benefits including;
Mental clarity & improved concentration
Improved energy & performance
No more sugar slumps!
Choose a higher protein Keto lifestyle for fat burning and muscle building or opt for higher fat for bundles of energy!
Keep carbs below 50g per day to trigger ketosis in the body. Or drop below 20g per day for a big boost. | <urn:uuid:9b1a6b77-786a-467c-bf6d-377d73fd2161> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://livefatt.com/live-fatt/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.83768 | 125 | 1.796875 | 2 |
This current generation of kids are being raised in the Age of Entertainment. With the introduction of the internet & the smartphone fueling this culture, entertainment has become the grand epicenter of today’s age.
The dangers of entertainment are deadly serious and can have devastating consequences for our children.
Yet, at the same time, entertainment also has incredible potential for good with overwhelmingly positive consequences.
So how do we train our kids to view entertainment in its proper light, teaching them the good, the bad & the ugly about this powerful tool?
How do we prepare them to engage the culture where the language of the day is entertainment?
Finally, how do we encourage them to walk in integrity, uprightness and holiness as they navigate the tricky waters of entertainment?
Praise the Lord, God has not left us without direction in this area. For within His Word, He has laid out a plan of action for living in the Entertainment Age. | <urn:uuid:49445ef0-f96d-4615-860f-c5e25fca52f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://becauseofjesusfilms.vhx.tv/videos/raising-kids-in-the-entertainment-age | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.925765 | 192 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Study: Microbes Consumed Surprisingly Large Amount of Oil in Gulf Spill Slick
More than a year after the largest oil spill in history, perhaps the dominant lingering question about the Deepwater Horizon spill is, "What happened to the oil?" Now, in the first published study to explain the role of microbes in breaking down the oil slick on the surface of the Gulf of Mexico, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) researchers have come up with answers that represent both surprisingly good news and a head-scratching mystery.
In the online edition of Environmental Research Letters, the WHOI team studied samples from the surface oil slick and surrounding gulf waters. They found that bacterial microbes inside the slick degraded the oil at a rate five times faster than microbes outside the slick—accounting in large part for the disappearance of the slick some three weeks after Deepwater Horizon's Macondo well was shut off.
At the same time, the researchers observed no increase in the number of microbes inside the slick—something that would be expected as a byproduct of increased consumption, or respiration, of the oil. In this process, respiration combines food (oil in this case) and oxygen to create carbon dioxide and energy.
"What did they do with the energy they gained from this increased respiration?" asked WHOI chemist Benjamin Van Mooy, senior author of the study. "They didn't use it to multiply. It's a real mystery," he said.
Van Mooy and his team were nearly equally taken aback by the ability of the microbes to chow down on the oil in the first place. Going into the study, he said, "We thought microbe respiration was going to be minimal." This was because nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus—usually essential to enable microbes to grow and make new cells—were scarce in the water and oil in the slick. "We thought the microbes would not be able to respond," Van Mooy said.
But the WHOI researchers found, to the contrary, that the bacteria not only responded, but did so at a very high rate. They discovered this by using a special sensor called an oxygen optode to track the changing oxygen levels in water samples taken from the slick. If the microbes were respiring slowly, then oxygen levels would decrease slowly; if they respired quickly, the oxygen would decrease quickly.
"We found that the answer was 'quick,'" Van Mooy said. "By a lot."
Bethanie Edwards, a biochemist in Van Mooy's lab and lead author of the paper, said she too was "very surprised" by the amount of oil consumption by the microbes. "It's not what we expected to see." She added that she was also "a little afraid" that oil companies and others might use the results to try to convince the public that spills can do relatively little harm. "They could say, 'Look, we can put oil into the environment and the microbes will eat it,'" she said.
Edwards, a graduate student in the joint MIT/WHOI program, pointed out that this is not completely the case, because oil is composed of a complex mixture molecules, some of which the microbes are unable to break down.
"Oil is still detrimental to the environment," she said, "because the molecules that are not accessible to microbes persist and could have toxic effects." These are the kinds of molecules that can get into the food web of both offshore and shoreline environments, Edwards and Van Mooy said. In addition, Edwards added, the oil that is consumed by microbes "is being converted to carbon dioxide that still gets into the atmosphere."
Followup studies already "are in place," Van Mooy said, to address the "mysterious" finding that the oil-gorging microbes do not appear to manufacture new cells. If the microbes were eating the oil at such a high rate, what did they do with the energy? Van Mooy, Edwards and their colleagues hypothesize that they may convert the energy to some other molecule, like sugars or fats. They plan to use "state-of-the-art methods" under development in their laboratory to look for bacterial fat molecules, a focus of Van Mooy's previous work. The results, he said, "could show where the energy went."
Van Mooy said he isn't sure exactly what fraction of the oil loss in the spill is due to microbial consumption; other processes, including evaporation, dilution, and dispersion, might have contributed to the loss of the oil slick. But the five-fold increase in the microbe respiration rate suggests it contributed significantly to the oil breakdown. "Extrapolating our observations to the entire area of the oil slick supports the assertion microbes had the potential to degrade a large fraction of the oil as it arrived at the surface from the well," the researchers say in their paper.
"This is the first published study to put numbers on the role of microbes in the degradation of the oil slick," said Van Mooy. "Our study shows that the dynamic microbial community of the Gulf of Mexico supported remarkable rates of oil respiration, despite a dearth of dissolved nutrients," the researchers said.
Edwards added that the results suggest "that microbes had the metabolic potential to break down a large portion of hydrocarbons and keep up with the flow rate from the wellhead." | <urn:uuid:b053a11d-e08a-44ad-8c6b-1c4fb30d9393> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eponline.com/articles/2011/08/03/study-microbes-consumed-surprisingly-large-amount-of-oil-in-gulf-slick.aspx?admgarea=commentary | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.975954 | 1,100 | 3.65625 | 4 |
The CHAPPER healthcare team were delighted to hold the MSA Shoe at this year’s World Orphan Drug Congress USA held in Washington.
The MSA Shoe is on a symbolic world marathon to spread awareness of Multiple System Atrophy – a rare, neurodegenerative and progressive disease. There is no cure for MSA and very few treatments to manage its debilitating effects.
The journey originally began as a prank among a group of friends who wanted to make people laugh. One of those people was Pearl Turner, who had Multiple System Atrophy. To date, the MSA Shoe has visited over a dozen countries across the world.
For more information – https://msashoe.org/ | <urn:uuid:ae1cf052-9b92-4ddf-8722-73087a9ae873> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chapperhealthcare.com/chapper-healthcare-take-part-in-the-msa-shoe-world-marathon/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.957014 | 148 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Windows, marked with times running from 10 a.m. to midnight, renders a sequence called Les Fenêtres, which Rilke's lover Merline, or Balandine Klossowska
, published in the year after his death, a...
Her lectures deal with the way poets are transformed by what they read, with her own relationships with Rainer Maria Rilke
(whom she has translated), Elizabeth Bishop
, and others, and with the question of... | <urn:uuid:09790ccc-8924-42ba-8582-117579c8e398> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://orlando.cambridge.org/people/7a7fbf5f-7268-4fcc-827b-bbbd7b95dae7 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.951415 | 109 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Common beliefs might lead you to think that soundbars and surround-sound systems are just different names for big and loud.
Well, be ready to change your mind.
There are many components and features to each. We could write a thesis on how to compare the sounds that a soundbar and surround systems reproduce.
We deal with speakers all the time.
Consequently, this article is more than only practical information to understand how the sounds around us are reproduced.
You will know what to look for next time you buy a speaker. After going through our checklist, you’ll be able to weigh the characteristics of each sound system and make an informed decision.
We want to share with you a how-to guide that comes in handy when it’s time to decide which kind of device is the best for your home setup.
- Comparing Sound Bars And Surround-sound Systems: What Am I Looking At?
- Which one are you getting?
Comparing Sound Bars And Surround-sound Systems: What Am I Looking At?
1. Power check
The power of your speaker is rated in watts. These will let you know how much volume the speaker can produce.
Since we measure volume in dB[Resource], then there’s a simple rule to follow when comparing the watts a soundbar or a surround system may offer.
10 watts = 10 dB
100 watts = 20dB
The more watts, or power, the louder your party.
If you’re looking for a system that will make your neighbors call the police, then you’ll find more wattage in surround systems. The reason behind it is the size. Larger and less-integrated systems offer more power.
2. Compare Sensitivity
Just like in life, power and sensitivity are well interconnected.
The sensitivity of your loudspeaker is how efficient it is when it transforms the power into sound.
When we talk about power, we refer to the SPL (Sound Pressure Level). This is how much volume the speaker produces.
The sensitivity rate of your sound system is the relationship between the sound output (dB) and the power (watts).
To measure the sensitivity, you need to check how much power (watts) is required to produce a certain amount of volume (dB). An efficient system is one that needs less power to reproduce more sound.
3. Demythify Impedance
Impedance is fundamentally the measurement of how a speaker reacts. To some extent, the speaker resists the electrical current it receives.
In English: Impedance tells you how much it takes to power the speaker.
Although the less impedance, the higher the efficiency, we should worry less about this aspect.
Unless you are increasing your volume at the maximum level and keeping it there, the impedance of your system should fall into the category of secondary features. Well, a good soundbar for gaming will have these capabilities crafted at its best possible level as 3D sound is the key to your next-level gaming experience.
4. Frequencies speak of details
The range of frequencies your loudspeaker can produce will determine the acoustic experience you have.
Frequencies are measured in Hertz (Hz), and they let you know the range of sounds your speaker can reproduce. If your speaker has a wide range, the more detailed the acoustics you’ll receive.
Why is frequency important?
The clarity of the sound comes from the mix of high, low, and mid frequencies. If your speaker is able to reproduce more frequencies, the acoustics will be more similar to the original sound.
Some Other Things You Might Like To Consider
Just like everything in life, soundbars and surround systems have both positive and negative aspects.
We’ve taken the liberty of putting together a list of advantages so you can compare the positive aspects of each sound system.
This will be particularly useful when it’s time to decide. The features of one may be more fitted to your requirements than the characteristics of the other.
Advantages of soundbars
- Soundbars are more compact. It makes them easier to transport, mount, place, and even move with them. Surround systems have more artifacts and cables, taking up more space. And yeah, if you’re living in an apartment and looking for a piece of best-fit sound equipment then soundbars should be your definite bet.
- Setting up a soundbar tends to be a couple of steps. There’s a minimum amount of wiring, and the placing of the device is pretty straightforward. When it comes to home theater systems, there are more wires involved. You also need to think of the positioning of the different speakers that make up the surround system.
- The price. Soundbars tend to be more affordable than complete surround systems.
Advantages of surround systems
- The ability to connect to everything. Because of the size and the intended functions of the surround systems, they allow more connections. You’ll have a more extensive range of options when it comes to setting up your system and even adding extra speakers if you wish to do so.
- Although soundbars can be good, the sound quality a surround system can offer will always be superior. The simple reality is that home-theater systems have more devices, each one dedicated to producing certain sounds.
- The amount of speakers and amplifiers that can make up a surround system grants you the ability to place them where you see fit. As a result, the sound will be more customizable as you change positions and mix and match different brands to build your system.
1. What’s better, a soundbar or home theater?
The answer to this question will depend solely on the dimension and location of the space you’ll be placing your speaker.
Soundbars can deliver excellent sound quality, but if you’re looking to fill a spacious room, surround systems will have more power to fulfill the task.
However, if you’re looking to boost the acoustics of your bedroom’s TV or PC, then a soundbar could be enough to get the job done.
2. Can a soundbar have surround sound?
Soundbars can be the base structure for creating your own surround system. Some soundbars come with an external subwoofer. If you pair rear speakers with them, you can get a home-theater system.
Even if single-piece soundbars don’t have external speakers for a more immersive experience, they can mimic the sensation of a surround system. Depending on the soundbar’s design, it could possess formats that produce what it’s known as Virtual 3D sound.
So yeah, many latest soundbars that are designed and manufactured recently will provide you much better functions like surround sound, dolby atmos technology, dtx virtual x technology and so on. However, these soundbars might cost couple of hundred bucks more than usual but that shouldn’t be your concern as these soundbar will provide you almost everything that we ideally expect from a home theatre system.
3. Is 5.1 or 2.1 surround sound better?
2.1 sound is produced by dual speakers and a subwoofer for the low frequencies. 5.1 sound systems have 5 channels, most times separated in independent speakers, to produce an enclosing acoustic experience. 5.1 will always offer more acoustic clarity and deeper sounds.
Which one are you getting?
We told you so.
Comparing sound bars and surround systems can be like trying to choose between wine and beer. It’ll boil down to the kind of dinner you’re having and the expectations that come with it.
If you’re still indecisive about which is the best for you, here’s some piece of advice.
Soundbars will always be an upgrade from the built-in speakers of your TV or PC. If you’re looking for a simple enhancement, soundbars are your thing, especially if the dimensions of your room are smaller.
If you want to throw a few parties and are ready to turn your living room into a cinematic experience, then you’ll definitely want to look for a surround system for your home. | <urn:uuid:6f8871d5-e53c-441a-9495-9bd74a608c6b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://therouterarena.com/how-do-you-compare-a-soundbar-and-surround-sound/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.91934 | 1,719 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Liza Soberano and other personalities called on the Senate to pass the bill that will raise the age of determining statutory rape in the country from 12 to 16 years old.
Senate Bill 2332 or the “End Child Rape Bill” was endorsed for plenary deliberations last August.
Soberano made her appeal to the Senate in a video message released on social media on Wednesday.
— Liza Soberano (@lizasoberano) September 15, 2021
“Most perpetrators of child rape are the victims’ own neighbors, fathers, boyfriends, and uncles, according to the cases handled by women and children protection units,” the actress said.
“Raising the age of statutory rape will drastically make it easier for these victims to seek and attain justice. We call on the Philippine Senate to resume the deliberation of the ‘End Child Rape’ bill now,” she added.
In her post, Soberano also wrote: “Calling on the Philippine Senate to please raise the age of statutory rape in the Philippines. #Endchildrape now.”
Prior to this, TV host Bianca Gonzales also made the same call on her account.
— Bianca Gonzalez (@iamsuperbianca) September 14, 2021
She retweeted a TikTok video of former senatorial candidate Chel Diokno where he responded to an inquiry about the age of sexual consent in the Philippines.
In his video, Diokno stated that the Philippines’ 12-year-old age of sexual consent is the lowest in Asia and the second-lowest in the world.
“Girls of that age are easy targets for sexual predators. Dapat itaas natin ito. Isang panawagan sa mga kalalakihan jan: Igalang natin palagi ang kababaihan at ang kabataan. Let us never take advantage and exploit women and children,” he said.
Child Rights Network Philippines, one of the largest child rights organizations in the country, also urged the senators to resume their deliberations on the proposed measure.
It released an infographic that showed the trauma 12-year-old children who are rape victims received in court trials.
“To our senators: Please don’t play a role in a victim’s re-traumatization. Resume the deliberations of the bill raising the age of statutory rape NOW! #ENDChildRape,” the organization said.
The CRN had since lobbied for the passage of a bill that will amend the standing Anti-Rape Law of 1997 since 2018.
In section 2 of the law, the act of rape is automatically determined “the offended party is under 12 of age or is demented, even though none of the circumstances mentioned above be present.”
Child rights groups and advocates sought to amend this provision and raise the age to 16 years old.
Last July, Catriona Gray and Anne Curtis joined UNICEF Philippines in making the same appeal to lawmakers. | <urn:uuid:08beeacd-57c1-419b-b6d6-ca77af4680ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://media.interaksyon.com/celebrities/2021/09/16/200275/liza-soberano-other-personalities-urge-senate-to-pass-end-child-rape-bill/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.931091 | 637 | 1.5 | 2 |
BAGHDAD (AP) — A sandstorm blanketed parts of the Middle East, including Iraq, Syria and Iran, on Monday, sending people to hospitals and disrupting flights in some places.
It was the latest in a series of near-consecutive sandstorms unprecedented this year that have baffled residents and alarmed experts and officials, who blame climate change and poor government regulations.
From Riyadh to Tehran, bright orange skies and a thick shroud of sand signaled another stormy day on Monday. Sandstorms are typical in late spring and summer, boosted by seasonal winds. But this year they have performed almost weekly in Iraq since March.
Iraqi authorities have declared the national holiday, urging government workers and residents to stay home ahead of the 10th storm to hit the country in the past two months. The Health Ministry has stockpiled oxygen canisters at facilities in hard-hit areas, a statement said.
The storms sent thousands to hospitals and left at least one dead in Iraq and three in eastern Syria.
“It’s a regional problem but each country has a different degree of vulnerability and weakness,” said Jaafar Jotheri, a geoarchaeologist at Al-Qadisiyah University in Baghdad.
In Syria, medical services were put on alert as the sandstorm hit the eastern province of Deir el-Zour which borders Iraq, Syrian state television said. Earlier this month, a similar storm in the region left at least three people dead and hundreds more hospitalized with respiratory problems.
Dr Bashar Shouaybi, head of the health ministry office in Deir el-Zour, told state television that hospitals were ready and ambulances were on standby. He said they had acquired 850 additional oxygen tanks and the drugs needed to treat asthma patients.
Severe sandstorms also covered parts of Iran, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia this month.
For the second time this month, Kuwait International Airport suspended all flights on Monday due to dust. The video showed largely empty streets with poor visibility.
The Saudi Meteorological Association reported that visibility will drop to zero on roads in Riyadh, the capital, this week. Authorities have warned drivers to go slow. The city’s emergency rooms have been inundated with 1,285 patients this month complaining of not being able to breathe properly.
Last week, Iran closed schools and government offices in the capital of Tehran following a sandstorm that swept across the country. It hit hardest in the country’s southwestern desert region of Khuzestan, where more than 800 people sought treatment for breathing difficulties. Dozens of flights from western Iran have been canceled or delayed.
Blame for dust storms and heavy air pollution has grown, with a leading environmental scientist telling local media that climate change, drought and government mismanagement of water resources are responsible for the increased sandstorms. Iran has drained its wetlands for agriculture – a common practice known to produce dust in the region.
Alireza Shariat, the head of an association of Iranian hydraulic engineers, told Iran’s semi-official ILNA news agency last month that he expected vast dust storms to become a “springtime phenomenon. annual” in a way that Iran has never seen before.
In Iraq, desertification exacerbated by record rainfall is adding to the intensity of the storms, said Jotheri, the geoarchaeologist. In a low-lying country with many desert regions, the impact is nearly double, he said.
“Due to 17 years of poor water management and urbanization, Iraq has lost more than two-thirds of its green cover,” he said. “That’s why Iraqis complain more than their neighbors about sandstorms in their regions.”
Associated Press writers Isabel DeBre in Dubai, United Arab Emirates and Bassem Mroue in Beirut contributed.
Follow AP’s coverage of climate change at https://apnews.com/hub/climate | <urn:uuid:982e2e8a-3cdf-4136-a3a3-6e6b39ddea50> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ammoburners.com/more-hardship-as-another-sandstorm-engulfs-parts-of-the-middle-east/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.956804 | 810 | 1.976563 | 2 |
Nervous system healing seems to be a hot topic these days, and for good reason. The last 20 months have been nothing short of stressful and anxiety-inducing. So it’s no surprise that people are looking for ways to relax and heal their nervous system.
The nervous system is a pretty important part of the body. It regulates all of your body functions, telling the heart when to beat, glands when to produce , breathing when to occur, and muscles when to contract and relax. It controls everything we do and feel. There are many factors that can affect your nervous system, but it’s often the simplest things like diet or stress levels that have the biggest impact on us.
When you’re under constant pressure, your brain releases adrenaline which causes intense feelings of anxiety and panic. These hormones also cause various physical reactions such as increased heart rate or shortness of breath. In this blog post, we’ll discuss 3 ways you can find some nervous system healing.
3 tips to facilitate nervous system healing
Firstly, deep breathing activates the sympathetic nervous system, which controls the fight-or-flight response. Specifically, exhaling is connected to the parasympathetic nervous system, which controls our body’s ability to relax and calm down. Taking a few deep breaths is a simple exercise that you can do to combat the effects of adrenaline on your body. And, you can do it anywhere, from standing in line or at work to sitting on the couch or in bed. It doesn’t matter. Start by inhaling through your nose and filling up your belly. Hold for 3 seconds and then exhale slowly for 5 seconds. When you feel like you’re ready, extend the time it takes to inhale and exhale.
Belly breathing stimulates the vagus nerve, which runs from the head down the neck, through the chest, and into the colon. When you take a breath with your belly, it presses on the vagus nerve which in turn sends a signal to your brain that everything is ok. It if wasn’t, you wouldn’t be able to take a deep breath as easily.
Put some weight on it
One of my personal favourite ways to relax and initiate nervous system healing is to add a little weight. The weight gives the brain proprioceptive input, which can calm and organize the nervous system. Daily activities like carrying grocery bags, lifting up your kids, or even chewing gum also create proprioceptive input.
There are plenty of ways to give yourself proprioceptive input and help your nerves calm down. You can lift weights or use flex bands. But, if you don’t have any, bodyweight exercises work just as well.
For a gentler way to relax, try a weighted blanket. Weighted blankets are a good way to get deep pressure, which has been shown to help lower the heart rate. Furthermore, weighted blankets may help children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) improve their attention and impulse control.
Looking for your own weighted blanket, check out Hush. It’s the one I use and I love it!
Lucia Light Meditation
Meditating with the Lucia N03 activates deep nervous system healing by holding you in the state between wakefulness and sleep. This is an extremely restful place to hang out. Our nervous system loves this state. I like to call it the in-between. The Lucia light activates a deep state of rest by using a combination of solid and flashing light. This light goes in through the retina and stimulates the pineal gland. Researchers don’t understand the function of the pineal gland fully, but they do know it produces and regulates hormones, like melatonin. Melatonin plays an important role in regulating sleep patterns. Who doesn’t love a solid night of sleep?
If you’re in the Vancouver area and want to give the Lucia light a go, click here and book yourself a demo. You will not be disappointed! | <urn:uuid:d3bc9050-7042-46e6-8545-f57a49d4325d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://remindmeditation.ca/2021/11/02/nervous-system-healing-reduce-stress/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.923355 | 829 | 2.625 | 3 |
Vitamin D and the Sun
UV rays from the sun trigger Vitamin D synthesis in the skin. Some researchers have stated that we should avoid sunscreen in order to get more Vitamin D in our “diet”. An increasing body of research supports the hypothesis that the active form of vitamin D has significant, protective effects against the development of cancer. Many internists are now telling their patients to get unprotected sun exposure daily to make sure that they get enough vitamin D. The problem with this recommendation is sun exposure leads to skin cancer and melanoma (which can lead to death if not diagnosed early), not to mention sun freckles, wrinkles and sagging of the skin. The truth is, no one applies enough sunscreen to adequately protect themselves from the harmful UV rays. We do not apply 15-30 min prior to exposure, we forget to re-apply every two hours and rarely does someone use an ounce of sunscreen (the recommended amount) on their body (this is equivalent to a shot glass size).
Currently, most experts in the field believe that daily intake of Vitamin D supplements between 1000 and 4000 IU will lead to a more healthy level of Vitamin D in the bloodstream which will offer protective effects against cancers of the breast, colon, prostate, ovary, lungs, and pancreas (Ingraham BA, Bragdon B, Nohe A. Molecular basis of the potential of vitamin D to prevent cancer. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007 Nov 21). Based on the available evidence, we recommend that all adults take a minimum of 1000 IU of Vitamin D per day and minimize unprotected sun exposure. Please consider continuing to use your sunscreen as much as possible and increase your vitamin D levels through supplementation. | <urn:uuid:c4fcaf44-d5f8-4e64-a5a3-04335065de30> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.advdermatology.com/blog/vitamin-sun/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.92766 | 347 | 3.125 | 3 |
Keep the unit away from direct sunshine. A more powerful unit is needed if area gets fantastic of direct sunlight. Insulation can help in order to definitely get optimum cooling benefit in your room. Check whether the area is leak proof. Or your may remain wondering why your room is enough sleep . cooled enough in spite of possessing an 8000 BTU air restorative.
Nowadays portable airconditioners are since energy efficient as window models. Their energy efficiency ratio (EER) has increased greatly through the years. The EER is calculated as the number of the Btu's per hour to what number of watts the boss bv9990 player draws. The regular now is just about 12. The larger the number, the higher. You can even find one that comes together with EPA's Energy Star rating, which means it meets their regulations.
The main thing to seek is to discover the amount of British Thermal Units (BTU) needed. Higher BTU, a lot more calories cooling offers. One guideline that can be utilised is as follows: should the room is 150 square feet, better 7,500 BTU air conditioner will meet the to cool the local area. If there is double the space, 300 square feet, an ac with 10,000 BTU will get together the needs for choose a. A 500-square-footroom can be cooled along with a unit with 14,000 BTU.
If regularly when we're not prepared the most money is spent. Concentrate on it. If have family portrait and your air conditioner breaks, I will almost guarantee that should be of your way for any local home improvement 123 center in need of a cheap Portable Air Conditioner. What should you be trying to find? There a variety of portable a/c's available for the picking. Melt off the best brand of air conditioners voted by consumers is LG electronics market. Home depot includes a 9,000 BTU model at under $300. A 9,000 BTU unit can perform cooling about 300 square feet; a room about 15 X 20 feet.
Along with upgrading or having a unique installation done, you as well check out the insulation a person simply currently offer. While many people think of insulation as an element that is to be able to keep your property warm. Truth be told though; it's also needed to maintain the house cool. Just as you do not need all of your warm air to escape, you are afraid your to emerge from either. Your rooms properly insulated can help you save not only money that are on your cooling costs but it will help your air conditioner to not have to run on over drive all period.
If you want to install an AC in your room, require understand the sorts of the device in market place. The type of it is established based exactly what you ought to have. Foe the people who live in boarding house, you be able to get the permission from your landlord. It is good if you do install a conditioning system that needs no alteration in your cabin.
You can correct this by carefully bending it back into it's original place. Have a look at the unit and the business there are any loose parts might be banging around causing the noise. It may be the fan blades have gotten bent over time. To remedy this simply bend it back to their original area.
These indoor a/c units are typically lightweight could be moved from one room to another with relaxation. They are also free-standing so how to install portable air conditioner they be in any open space inside the room, useful for offices or maybe the garage. The unit work as being refrigerator. They cool atmosphere while by the same token remove heat from the area. This in turn dehumidifies the area making it feel comfortably cool and dry.
They typically are 18,000 watts and use compressors in order to assist suck in warm air, cool it down, portable unit along with release it into the room or area it is set in. They usually release the cold air into area or area through pipes or how to install portable air conditioner tubes. Portable air conditioners are available as whether or not split system unit and even hose system unit. | <urn:uuid:8026d987-8e39-4a12-b1c9-5f3e927b83eb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shareforcare.org.uk/community/profile/dixiecorlette4/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.95339 | 858 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Real estate is one of the oldest and most well-known investment vehicles. Many new investors don’t realize that there are many kinds of real-estate investments. You can earn a lot by selecting the right investment and generate passive income. Here are some methods you can invest in real property. Read the article to find out more. Investing in Real Estate – A Guide For Beginners
Landlords can earn a profit from their property by maximising appreciation. When buildings are built and land is left outside of the city’s boundaries becomes more valuable. You can then sell the property for profits or borrow against the equity in the property. Rents increase in response to inflation and demand. The amount you are able to claim for the rent you did not collect is your income. You can also claim the difference in the event of a real-estate crash. There are many reasons why investors choose this investment method.
First of all, real estate is an excellent addition to an portfolio of investments. Real estate is scarce because it isn’t made in large quantities. It is a great way to diversify your portfolio while still being able to earn a significant amount of money. Real estate investing is also an active process that you can do yourself. There are many ways you can invest in real estate. You can be as active or inactive as you want.
If you’re looking for an easy way to invest in real estate, REITs are a good option. They are similar to stocks but operate differently. You can purchase and sell shares of the trust for real estate investment, but the risks are different. It is recommended to speak with a real estate lawyer before making any decisions. If you’d like to hire a property manager, you can hire one who handles maintenance, repairs and emergencies. However, it’s important to weigh the costs and benefits of each option prior to making an investment. Read more about Houston real estate brokerage here.
Do some research first. Research is the most important factor in making a business plan that works. Once you’ve identified a niche market and identified your potential competitors, you can start creating a plan of action to achieve your goals. If you’re seeking to leverage your cash it is possible to get a second mortgage on your home or other property. At some point you’ll be able pay off the amount over time.
REITs are an excellent option for investors looking for regular income. The downside of REITs is that they don’t grow as rapidly as traditional stocks, and the managers can’t buy new properties. Because these investments are traded on a stock exchange, they are susceptible to a decline in value. This is why they add diversity to your portfolio. Be aware, however, that they are not in any way immune to stock market fluctuations.
Once you’ve completed your research, you can begin investing in real estate. There are many types of real property investments. The type of investment you choose to make will have an impact on your future as an investor. You could decide to purchase a house to live in or rent it out to visitors or flip it for a profit. Be sure to study the best investment option for you prior to making any investment. There are more than 100 types of real estate investments. The right one for you will be determined by your strategy and the goals you have set. | <urn:uuid:e5418149-1df3-4523-82ec-d5f5ed2b4ffa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://myupdates.us/investing-in-real-estate-a-guide-for-beginners/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.960486 | 696 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Integrative medicine is a philosophy of healthcare with a focus on individual patient care and combining the best of conventional western medicine and evidence- based complementary medicine and therapies within current mainstream medical practice.
Integrative medicine reaffirms the importance of the relationship between the practitioner and patient, focuses on the whole person, is informed by evidence, and makes use of all appropriate therapeutic approaches, health care professionals and disciplines to achieve optimal health and healing.
It takes into account the physical, psychological, social and spiritual wellbeing of the person with the aim of using the most appropriate, safe and evidence-based treatments available.
Dr Damian Wojcik
Complex/cancer consults with Dr Wojcik take 1-2 hrs including diagnosis, treatment plan, appropriate tests, referrals, and notes forwarded to your own doctor. The usual cost is $350 but please confirm at time of booking.
- Intravenous Vitamin C
- IVC is available at NEHC for both registered and casual patients.
It may help with fatigue, recurrent infection, viral illnesses like flu, glandular fever and meningitis, wounds, cancer and pre/post operatively for surgery or dental amalgam removal.
For more information on its uses please read the information provided under information & articles tab. You may also like to have a chat to the nurse.
All you will need is a 30min consultation with a doctor to check your veins and medical history and a blood test for kidney function.
The cost for a standard 25g vitamin C infusion is $170.
- IV Metal Detoxification (chelation therapy)
Metal detoxification including EDTA chelation therapy is available to help with vascular and coronary artery diseases, heart conditions, diabetes complications (especially circulation) and chronic heavy metal poisoning such as with lead and mercury. Please speak with a nurse or Dr Wojcik if you are wanting to discuss having chelation therapy. Each infusion costs $160.
Vitamin B-complex / and iron infusions are also available at Rust Ave.
Bio-identical Hormone Treatment
Our doctors prescribe bio-identical hormones for thyroid, menopause, sleep, adrenal fatigue and other conditions. The hormones are supplied by Compound Labs (previously Pharmaceutical Compounding NZ) who tailor make prescriptions to suit each individual.
Hair Tests and Urine Provocation Tests
These are useful tools in measuring the minerals in your body some of which are necessary for good health such as magnesium and calcium and some of which are toxic such as mercury and lead.
Integrative Doctors & Dentists in Australia and New Zealand
In Australia and New Zealand there is a wonderful organisation of medical professionals who practice integrative medicine. It’s known as AIMA (Australasian Integrative Medicine Association).
Sophie Herbrecht: Ozone 027 291 2848
Bianca Haux: Natural Practitioner using bioresonance, nutrition, homeopathy and trauma release. Read more… E: firstname.lastname@example.org
Dr Wayne McCarthy ND: Naturopathic doctor with special interest in ozone treatment and prolotherapy Read more… Ph: 09 432 0854 E: email@example.com
Kiri Neumann/Now and Zen: Therapeutic massage, skincare, doTerra wellness advocate, and ENJO chemical free cleaning consultant.
Jacques Imbeau: Integrative Dental and Natural Health Centre Ph: 64 9 440 9585 Rosedale North Shore Auckland
Main interests: holistic/integrative dental and natural medicine, nutritional medicine, mind-body health, lifestyle modification, kinesiology, homeopathy, herbal medicine, environmental medicine, bioenergetics, bone health.
Does not treat: patients unwilling to take responsibility for their own health | <urn:uuid:3a85a6ee-6938-4e24-a594-9c23795ad323> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nehc.co.nz/integrative/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.875604 | 821 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Andrew W.K. teaches Oxford students the importance of partying
Musician Andrew W.K. spoke to renowned debate society, The Oxford Union.
W.K.'s message was on the "philosophy of partying" and self-confidence.
As school lets out for the summer, renowned musician Andrew W.K. imparted some of his wisdom on college students at Oxford University—the importance of partying.
The Oxford Union, arguably the world’s most prestigious debating society, hosted W.K. as their latest guest lecturer. The speech, “Andrew W.K. and The Philosophy of Partying” discussed “the signature message of positive power and celebratory self-confidence,” according to The Guardian.
In the past, the Oxford Union has invited speakers such as the Dalai Lama, Richard Nixon, and Winston Churchill to speak. This also isn’t the first time the rock star has discussed the importance of confidence and parties to a group of college kids; W.K. has given similar messages at Harvard, Yale, and NYU—a speech which lasted four hours.
“Most people tell you there are certain moments you should celebrate in life,” W.K. told The Guardian. “For example, the weekend coming so you should party on a Friday. Or your birthday or New Year’s Eve. But what if you’re excited about being alive every day? Can’t you be in that celebratory state every moment you’re not dead? That became my theory and it became my mission to prove you can party every day.”
The 35-year-old musician struggled with depression while growing up and has used partying as a way to combat it.
W.K.’s speech expected to bring 450 Union students and alumni members to the event.
The Oxford Union did not respond to requests for comment in time of publication.
Follow the author of this article on Twitter: @K_Schallhorn | <urn:uuid:2b16b7e1-5388-4b8f-a291-b84595e0b69e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.campusreform.org/article?id=5693 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.943792 | 421 | 2.390625 | 2 |
(The following may frighten you, but I promise that thousands of people make soap everyday without mishap. You need to know all the dangers present in order to avoid trouble. If you can get past the following warnings--you are destined to make soap!)
Look where drain cleaners are sold and buy 100% lye (Red Devil is one brand). Don't bother looking at liquid drain cleaners and don't try Draino (it contains metal). If you aren't sure the product is 100% lye, then order lye from a soapmaking or chemical supplier (addresses listed). Most good soap recipes list lye by weight for accuracy: lye in granular form (drain cleaner) measures differently than lye in flake form (the form of lye from laboratory chemical suppliers, pool chemical suppliers, etc). Scales are a necessary part of successful soapmaking and allows you to use any type of lye. Lye can be nasty if handled improperly. Lye (sodium hydroxide) is also known as caustic soda.
Upon opening a container of lye, the lye crystals absorb water from the air, which can weaken the strength of the lye and cause it to form a solid lump. When not in use, keep lye closely capped. Lye reacts with some metals: aluminum, zinc, and tin. Safe containers include heatproof stoneware, glass, enamel, stainless steel and plastic. Lye can be fatal if swallowed. Lye can remove paint. If lye, lye/water or freshly-made soap splatters onto a painted surface, wipe it off immediately. Wash the area with water and detergent; wash it with clear water, then wipe it dry. Lye, lye/water and freshly-made soap can burn and irritate skin. You'll notice itching before burning. Lye/water on skin is first noticed by a slippery feeling. Rinse your hands with vinegar and immediately rinse them with running water. Since lye can burn skin, you can imagine what it does to eyes. It's difficult to rinse your eyes while they're burning and you can't see. This painful and dangerous situation in entirely avoidable. Always wear eye protection! You may wonder why anyone wants to bathe with soap that contains something as harsh as lye. Well, the good news is that soap is *made* with lye, but soap doesn't *contain* lye. Lye reacts with fats, creating roughly three molecules soap and one molecule glycerin. The lye is no longer present--only great soap and glycerin.
Everyday, thousands of people make soap without mishap. In order to do so, you must be aware of all safety hazards. Children and feeble-minded people should not be in the soapmaking area or have access to stored soapmaking ingredients, especially lye and essential oil.
NOTE: If you have small children, keep lye (and essential oils) in a *locked* cabinet. Lye/water sitting at the edge of a counter can easily be reached by children and even swallowed. Drinking lye/water is like drinking liquid fire. Anyone ingesting lye/water should immediately be taken to an emergency room for treatment! | <urn:uuid:51236a84-facb-4c63-96e5-092bf18eebfe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.libertynatural.com/info/soapmaking/soapcaution.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.94069 | 672 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Everything You Need to Know About Global Markets in 2018
And just like that, the year in which we learned to live with late night Twitter rants from a U.S. president, record-high stock prices and the bitcoin bubble comes to a close.
As we enter 2018, steadily rising assets and diminishing volatility have become the norm, global growth remains strong, and optimism prevails across asset classes. Yet now isn’t the time for complacency.
Between politics and popular trades losing luster, there are boundless risks to keep you on your toes for the next 12 months. Here are some of the most important market themes — both reassuring and unsettling — to get you started.
Cooling Credit Rally
Sure, cries of a junk bond Armageddon have proved premature, with both high-yield and investment-grade bonds handing investors returns for the year, but plenty of risks threaten the upside in 2018. The Federal Reserve is unwinding its balance sheet, the European Central Bank is slowing purchases and forecasts show inflation may finally rise.
Credit investors polled by Bank of America Merrill Lynch for a survey published in December named a bubble as the biggest risk to the asset class, followed by higher inflation and rising yields. Flows reflect some of that unease. Investors pulled money out of exchange-traded funds that track corporate credit for the first time in 14 months in December, data compiled by Bloomberg show.
Ageing Business Cycle
If the U.S. economy can keep chugging along through the first quarter of 2018, it will match the second-longest expansionary period in modern history, according to data compiled by the National Bureau of Economic Research and Bloomberg Intelligence.
That’s helping to lift global economies, spurring optimism across markets. The Citigroup economic surprise index of major economies hovers just under its highest level since 2010 after a slew of data surpassed analyst expectations.
In the year ahead, investors will have to assess the sustainability of the cycle amid risks of financial overheating and corporate America’s levered balance sheets.
Mind the Elections
Rising global growth, the Fed’s cautious approach to monetary tightening and a weaker dollar helped emerging-market currencies and stocks post their biggest returns in eight years in 2017. But it might not take much to knock that equilibrium, especially with Wall Street forecasting the biggest tightening of developed-world monetary policy in a decade.
Investors will also have to maneuver around elections in countries that make up more than 50 percent of a Bloomberg Barclays developing-nation local bond index. While votes in countries like Russia are predictable, tight contests are on the cards for fellow market heavyweights like Brazil and Mexico.
Euro Rally Lives
As the euro heads toward its best annual run against the dollar in 14 years, options markets that price probabilities on the world’s most traded currency pair point to the rally continuing in 2018. There’s a two-thirds probability that it appreciates as high as $1.229 by year end, while the odds that it rises to $1.256 are even.
One of the stranger distortions created by post-crisis regulation may be poised to end. Swap rates, what companies pay to exchange their fixed interest payments for floating ones, are on track to rise back above Treasury yields across all maturities for the first time since 2014.
Strategists predict Republicans’ plans to roll back post-crisis regulatory burdens will make holding Treasuries more attractive, thus pushing yields below swap rates again. The shift matters because swap rates serve as a benchmark for a variety of debt instruments purchased with borrowed funds, including mortgage-backed and auto-loan securities.
In 2017, investors were caught off guard by the near-complete absence of volatility. In 2018 they could get a wakeup call from price fluctuations roaring back to life.
Over $2 trillion in strategies are effectively reliant on market stability to generate returns, according to October estimates from Artemis Capital’s Christopher Cole. That raises the risk of outsize losses across stock and bond markets around the world if volatility finally returns.
Fed Fresh Faces
Jerome Powell won’t be the only new kid in class at the U.S. central bank next year. The “Big Three” (chair, vice chair and New York Fed president) will be completely different after Janet Yellen’s stint in charge ends in February and the head of the New York Fed retires in the middle of the year.
They’ll have to weigh a tight labor market and sound economic data against muted consumer prices. How will they react if inflation roars back to life? And what if it remains stubbornly weak?
The narrowing spread between short- and long-dated Treasuries continues to grab Wall Street’s attention. A completely flat — or inverted — curve has the potential to roil bond trades, challenge the Fed’s tightening path, and raises the risk of a downturn in the business cycle.
Six of 11 analysts surveyed by Bloomberg in early December said the Treasury yield curve will invert at least briefly within the next 24 months, with four projecting it in 2018.
Don’t Forget China
Two of the more remarkable moves in 2017 were soaring U.S. stocks and tumbling Chinese government bonds, according to a global analysis of historical price patterns that veer from the norm, known as standard deviations. While the S&P 500’s valuation is endlessly analyzed, the outlook for the world’s largest emerging debt market is far less understood.
Chinese bonds will come under pressure again in the first half of 2018 as the central bank tightens monetary policy and the government toughens financial regulations, according to Becky Liu, head of China macro strategy at Standard Chartered Plc. The rise in yields will attract domestic and foreign investors in the second half, she said.
How long can bitcoin’s parabolic increase last? It depends who you ask. Hedge fund manager Michael Novogratz thinks it will go all the way to $40,000 by the end of the first quarter. Bulls say the recent creation of futures will broaden crypto ownership because derivatives are the first step toward ETFs and other more liquid instruments.
The skeptics, however, points to a possible pin-prick by regulators. Cryptocurrencies “could be stopped in their tracks” if authorities began applying anti-money laundering laws, said Marc Ostwald, global strategist at ADM Investor Services International in London. | <urn:uuid:85adc51b-1928-43cb-a387-9f51f7889d98> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/global-markets-2018-what-to-know/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.928364 | 1,355 | 1.757813 | 2 |
How do you know if you have a noise level problem in your workplace? If it isn’t obvious, some of the other warning signs include having to shout in order to be heard by a co-worker who is just an arm’s length away or you have temporary hearing loss or humming or ringing in your ears when you leave your place of business.
The Decibel (dB) Scale and the Noise Level Chart
Noise is measured in units of decibels, which are sound pressure levels. Our ears have the ability to handle a very broad sound level range. Expressing numbers that are manageable, the decibel scale is a logarithmic one, meaning that a small change in the decibel number results in a huge change in the amount of noise as well as the potential damage to hearing. A noise level chart shows examples of sounds with dB levels that range from 0 to 194 decibels with 180 decibels being a rocket launch and 194 decibels being sound waves that become shock waves.
The perception is that one sound is twice as loud as another sound when they are actually only about 10 dB apart. For an example, if the sound of one typewriter is 60 dB, ten typewriters would actually register 70 dB and not 600 dB and would sound just twice as loud as the one typewriter.
Many sound levels are given on the chart mentioned, and some of those decibels are the following:
- 0 the quietest sound that is audible to a healthy human ear
- 20 rustling leaves
- 30 whisper
- 40 computer
- 50 light traffic and refrigerator
- 60 air conditioner
- 75 toilet flushing
- 80 alarm clock
Most noise levels are given as dBA, decibels adjusted to reflect the response of the ear to different sound frequencies. Sudden and brief impulse sounds, such as many shown at 120 dB or greater, are often dB, meaning no adjustment. Those include, among others:
- 125 balloon popping
- 130 stadium crowd noise
- 135 air raid siren
- 140 jet engine taking off
- 145 firecracker
- 150 launch of fighter jet
- 170 safety airbag
- 175 howitzer cannon
How loud is too loud in a workplace?
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends in their NIOSH Noise Meter that all exposures by workers to noise be controlled and be below 85 dBA for eight hours. That should minimize induced hearing loss from occupational noise. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) demands that employers be responsible for providing healthful and safe workplaces for employees and sets legal limits on permissible workplace noise exposure at 90 dBA for an eight=hour day. At 100 dBA sound levels, NIOSH recommends limiting the eight-hour exposure to less than 15 minutes, and OSHA recommends a maximum of two hours.
OSHA’s Hearing Conservation Programs requires employers to measure the noise levels, provide training, provide free hearing exams annually, and conduct evaluations of hearing protectors’ adequacy unless changes are made to equipment, tools, and schedules so they make less noise and worker exposure to the noise is less than 85 dBA.
About the Author:
Ultimate Technologies Group is the global expert in virtual communication and collaboration technology. When it comes to high-end Audio Visual technology solutions, we are trusted by some of the most respected brands:
AV Services | AV Financing | Conference Room AV | Video Walls | AV Conferencing | <urn:uuid:38a43161-6d06-4db5-963f-4f78b11c8761> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ultimatetechnologiesgroup.com/blog/is-your-office-too-loud/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.928559 | 725 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Did You Know America’s Longest Running Dog Sled Race Happens in Idaho?
I've lived in Idaho my whole life and didn't realize that Idaho is home to the longest running annual dog sled race in America....yes longer than the more famous Iditarod and this year marks the 100th anniversary of the 1st race.
Humans domesticated dogs thousands of years ago and ever since the beginning, sled dogs have been used for transportation in Arctic areas, because other than walking that was the only way to get from one place to the next without freezing to death.
The first American sled dog race to feature actual racing rules was the All-Alaska Sweepstakes, which actually began in 1908, but hasn't been run continuously since it's begging.
This was followed in 1917 by Idaho's own American Dog Derby, in the little town of Ashton, Idaho. Ashton is located about 5 hours east of Boise. This was the first American sled dog race ever held outside of Alaska or the Yukon area and it’s been held annually, every winter for 100 years. It happens the third weekend in February, so it's coming up soon, if you'd like to make plans to join the big party.
The most famous sled dog race of course is the Iditarod. It’s also an annual 1000-mile competition in Alaska, but was not on annual official event until 1973. The Iditarod helped restart worldwide interest in mushing, which had died off due to the invention of the snow machines, like the snowmobile.
Since it’s resurgence, the sport has become popular again and now sled dog races are held in cold spots around the country and the world.
I would also as a personal opinion, like to add, to those who might think of dog racing as abuse....these dogs are first of all bred to be racing sled dogs...they live to do it..it's in their blood...also I've seen news stories of the Iditarod race and seen how well these dogs are taken care of. There are rules that all must follow for treatment of sled dogs. They must be rested a minimum amount of time..they must be fed and watered on a regular basis and they are vet checked at each stop along the way to make sure they are healthy. Most of these dogs are treated better than family, because they are more important than a family member...in some cases their lives may on the health and welfare of the dog team, not to mention that good well trained sled dogs are very expensive.
I even wrote a story a couple weeks ago, for those who are interested in maybe taking a dog sled trip here in Idaho. There’s an Idaho company that offers dog sled tours about 4 1/2 hours away from Boise…check out the story and details here. | <urn:uuid:569c7f60-fea1-4e1d-84a2-047cec72fb53> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://liteonline.com/did-you-know-americas-longest-running-dog-sled-race-happens-in-idaho/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.980347 | 580 | 2.09375 | 2 |
One of the major benefits of Eyetube.net is that doctors need not wait for meetings to review new videos on advanced surgical techniques or learn of developments in patient care. Additionally, Eyetube.net now has a channel that focuses on major meetings, such as the 2010 AAO meeting in Chicago and the 2011 ASCRS meeting in San Diego. This month’s column reviews new videos on advanced techniques for challenging cases and Eyetube TV’s daily ASCRS coverage.
The world’s hardest cataract. Barry Schechter, MD, presents the case of a 39-year-old man with a dense white cataract that developed after a bicycle accident more than 20 years prior to surgery. This challenging case required use of trypan blue dye and nuclear disassembly outside the bag. The rock-hard nuclear chips resisted phacoemulsification and required manual removal. This video is very instructive on the steps that can be taken for similarly difficult cases (http://eyetube.net/?v=mopon; Figure 1).
Total reconstruction of the anterior segment. Almost unbelievable is the case of a patient who developed a 6-mm corneal perforation, with iris and intumescent cataract plugging the wound. Allon Barsam, MD, and Eric Donnenfeld, MD, present this case, which required extensive reconstruction of the anterior chamber and a vitrectomy at the outset to prevent posterior pressure and lower the intraocular pressure. One needs to see this video to truly appreciate the steps that were required to achieve a successful postoperative result (http://eyetube.net/?v=gisun; Figure 2).
Surgical pearls for success with one-piece multifocal IOLs. In the world of refractive cataract surgery, D. Rex Hamilton, MD, shares his surgical pearls for success with one-piece multifocal IOLs. His technique ensures centration of the capsulorrhexis on the visual axis, and the video shows the steps he takes to reach his target of a 5.5-mm capsulorrhexis. In this case, Dr. Hamilton focuses on the Tecnis Multifocal IOL (Abbott Medical Optics Inc., Santa Ana, California), although his approach is applicable to all one-piece IOLs (http://eyetube.net/?v=dujef).
EYETUBE TV’S MEETING HIGHLIGHTS
For those who attended, and especially those who did not, a new feature on Eyetube.net, called Eyetube TV Show Daily, provides a wonderful overview of some of the top educational activities and scientific papers that were available at the ASCRS annual meeting. Twenty-one 1- to 3- minute videos are a part of this series, and viewers can quickly get a sense of some of the hot topics that made the 2011 meeting extremely educational. A. John Kanellopoulos, MD, is the Director of the Laservision Eye Institute in Athens, Greece, and a Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology at New York University Medical School. He provided an excellent summary of the new findings with corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) and shares his thoughts on the benefits of combining topography-guided PRK with CXL (http://eyetube.net/?v=tifen). Another noteworthy interview is with Steven Dell, MD, Medical Director at Dell Vision in Austin, Texas, and Chief Medical Editor of CRST Europe’s sister publication Advanced Ocular Care. Dr. Dell discussed the latest developments in laser cataract surgery and described how it will change the way ophthalmologists perform several crucial elements of the cataract procedure (http://eyetube.net/?v=mazer). Steven Vold, MD, discussed how the latest imaging technology and other innovations in the glaucoma arena will affect how physicians care for patients (http://eyetube.net/?v=kimoj). Dr. Vold is a cataract and glaucoma surgeon at Boozman-Hof Eye Clinic in Rogers, Arkansas, and Chief Medical Editor of CRST Europe’s sister publication Glaucoma Today
Although ASCRS 2011 is over, the opportunity remains to review surgical procedures and techniques to enhance one’s practice. Eyetube TV brings breaking news from major ophthalmic meetings directly to viewers courtesy of leading experts in the field. Eyetube TV appears to be an excellent resource for surgeons interested in expanding their repertoire of procedures.
Section Editor Elena Albé, MD, is a consultant in the Department of Ophthalmology, Cornea Service, Istituto Clinico Humanitas Ophthalmology Clinic, Milan, Italy. Dr. Albé states that she has no financial interest in the products or companies mentioned. She may be reached at tel: +39 0331 441721; e-mail: email@example.com.
Section Editor Richard M. Awdeh, MD, is the Director of Technology Transfer and Innovation and an Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami. Dr. Awdeh states that he has no financial interest in the products or companies mentioned. He may be reached at tel: +1 305 326 6000; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org.
Section Editor William B. Trattler, MD, is the Director of Cornea at the Center for Excellence in Eye Care, Miami, and the Chief Medical Editor of Eyetube.net. He states that he is a consultant to Abbott Medical Optics Inc. Dr. Trattler may be reached at tel: +1 305 598 2020; e-mail: email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:713db48e-546e-43d4-b82d-4ad56a34f7f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://crstodayeurope.com/articles/2011-may/knowledge-without-delay/?single=true | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.89556 | 1,216 | 1.617188 | 2 |
In 2013, renowned Boston Children’s Hospital pain researcher Clifford Woolf, MB, BCh, and chemist Kai Johnsson, his fellow co-founder at Quartet Medicine, believed they held the key to non-narcotic pain relief. Woolf had shown that tetrahydrobioptrin — a protein also known as BH4 — is a primary natural modulator of neuropathic and inflammatory pain sensitivity. Quartet was founded on the premise that inhibiting BH4 production could prevent the progression of acute pain to chronic pain in millions of patients, without threat of addiction or tolerance.
With solid human genetic data and chemical biology, plus $17 million in series A funding, Quartet looked primed for success. But in the summer of 2017, toxicology studies of the company’s lead candidate revealed neurologic side effects. Hope for the promising pain drug cratered, taking Quartet with it.
Now, however, a surprising discovery about BH4 will likely rekindle interest in the once-promising pathway and could have profound implications for treating autoimmunity and cancer. In today’s Nature, Woolf and his team at Boston Children’s Hospital, together with immunologists from the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) in Vienna report that BH4 also functions as a kind of immunological thermostat in the body, raising and lowering the activity levels of T cells.
In animal models of autoimmune disease and human cell lines, the researchers were able to inhibit T cell proliferation by blockading the BH4 pathway pharmacologically. In models of cancer, they were able to enhance T cell responses by elevating BH4 levels.
“By targeting BH4, we are able to suppress T cell activity in inflammatory conditions and increase their activity in the case of cancer,” says Woolf, director of the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center at Boston Children’s, who co-led the study. “The ability to target the same pathway in opposite directions is significant and represents a whole new therapeutic approach.”
An Immunological Thermostat
Specifically, the researchers found that BH4 regulates the balance of available iron for mitochondria. To transition to an activated state, T cells need higher levels of mitochondrial energy; to produce it, mitochondria need higher levels of iron. When T cells are under pressure, the body produces more BH4, increasing the supply of available iron, allowing the cells to divide and activate. When BH4 levels are low, mitochondria can’t get the iron they need and T cell activity is suppressed. In the case of cancer, the study revealed that a metabolite produced by tumors works to block BH4, inhibiting T cell activation and cancer surveillance. It also showed that this response could be countered by augmenting BH4.
“The beauty of it is that the effect is upstream of specific types of T cell function,” says Woolf. “Most drugs being developed now to treat autoimmune conditions are targeting specific kinds of T cells. This covers them all.”
The team found that the BH4 pathway is only active in cases of infection or when proliferation needs to occur — and is not required for the normal formation of T cells.
Finally, the paper reports the development of a highly potent small molecule, QM385, that inhibits the BH4 pathway, blocking T cell proliferation and autoimmunity.
Hiding in Plain Sight
Shane Cronin, a post-doc researcher from Ireland, arrived in the Woolf lab in 2006. He had trained in Vienna with noted immunologist Josef Penninger, MD, at IMBA, and now planned to shift his focus to the neurobiology of pain.
“I wanted to leave immunology behind,” says Cronin, lead author of the study. “Fat chance.”
Woolf’s team had just had its first major BH4 publication, which characterized the pathway as a key modulator of pain. To identify compounds that inhibit the expression of BH4, Woolf devised a drug screen using GFP fluorescent mice and asked Cronin to oversee the project.
The screen yielded plenty of hits — and for Cronin, an odd sense of déjà vu. The results pointed to the same compounds Cronin had used in his previous immunology lab to regulate T cell function.
“First I thought, okay, this is a bit of a quip, but it became very specific very quickly and I knew what I was seeing,” says Cronin. But just to be sure, he reviewed existing literature on BH4, and used reagents and technology from a neighboring immunology lab to confirm his initial finding. Woolf was intrigued and encouraged Cronin to keep exploring. But Cronin had a problem: at the time, Woolf’s lab lacked the tools and equipment for studying T cells.
When an opportunity to move back to Vienna presented itself, Cronin saw his chance. Penninger agreed to accept Cronin back into his lab at IMBA and threw his full support and knowledge behind the project. Cronin now had access to the resources and experience of one of Europe’s leading immunology labs.
“And like that, it just worked out,” says Cronin.
‘Binary’ Therapeutic Potential
Together, Penninger, Woolf, Cronin and the other members of the BH4 group, spent the next eight years extending their finding into models of immune-related diseases — contact dermatitis, multiple sclerosis, colitis — and finally cancer.
“There was no magic moment — just eight years of collaborative effort, putting together a puzzle, taking it apart, starting again,” says Cronin. “But I guess that’s the beauty of science–starting with a ‘that’s odd’ moment and finding something incredible.”
Working with Penninger, who co-led the study with Woolf, Cronin probed the binary therapeutic potential of BH4. If T cells proliferated in immune-related diseases, he wondered, what about cancer, where the same cells are often suppressed? Penninger and Cronin were able to boost BH4 levels in several mouse models of cancer, and the effect was immediate. Tumors shrank and the metastatic spread all but ceased.
“As a trained immunologist who was involved in defining some of the paradigmatic T cell activation pathways, I had this idea that I basically knew it all and what was left to discover would only be details,” says Penninger, who now leads the Life Sciences Institute of the University of British Columbia, Vancouver. “It was like opening an entirely new door in T cell biology – a door we can now rationally close to treat autoimmunity or keep open for T cells to kill cancer.”
Which brings us back to Quartet.
Building on a ‘Successful Failure’
In August of 2017, as the company neared completion of its initial IND, leadership received some troubling news. A preclinical study revealed that although the BH4-inhibiting pain drug was “on target,” it was also crossing the blood brain barrier at higher than expected levels. Because BH4 also plays an essential role in the production of key neurotransmitters, the team worried that that BH4 inhibition would reduce or prevent certain nerve signals. Ultimately, the decision was made to bring Quartet to a close.
In a blog post, Quartet chairman and founding investor Bruce Booth eulogized the company, hailing it as a “successful failure.” The company’s three-year investment had characterized the BH4 pathway in vivo in various pain models, developed and tested more than 1,500 potential BH4 inhibitors and produced a vast amount of data.
Those data can now be used to advance the new discovery toward the clinic. Woolf believes that clinical testing for immune-related diseases could begin in as early as 18 months.
“It’s unusual to start out with lots of chemistry, lots of knowledge. Normally, you’ve just got interesting biology and you have to build a startup from there,” Woolf says. “Because of the fruits of Quartet’s chemistry and data, we’re nearly ready to go.”
Keeping an Open Mind
Initial targets of interest for this BH4 inhibitor could include atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. On the oncology side, the team is starting more or less from scratch.
“We’re seeing great biological effect in terms of tumor suppression, but we still need to identify an effective pharmacological way to achieve this and address the full safety issues,” says Woolf.
The team is exploring compounds to augment BH4 in cancer patients, with the hope they could one day be used either alone or in combination with other therapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. Although it’s still early, Woolf and Penninger are excited about the potential applicability of the technique, and a bit in awe of how it all came together.
“It’s just strange,” says Woolf. “I’m a neurobiologist — I never expected to be working in immunology. But these days, I guess we all try to avoid locking ourselves into silos.”
“There are many interesting discoveries to be made at the intersections and borders of fields if one keeps an open mind and is willing to follow what nature tells us,” says Penninger.
Filed Under: Neurological Disease | <urn:uuid:dd3c7447-0ad3-4afc-ae01-ac31e84bfb8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.drugdiscoverytrends.com/from-the-ashes-of-a-failed-pain-drug-a-new-therapeutic-path-emerges/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.957885 | 2,058 | 2.515625 | 3 |
LONDON, Ontario — Plenty of studies in recent years have echoed the same results when it comes to the health risk of desk jobs: No matter how you slice it, sitting down for 40 hours a week at the office is, flat out, bad for your body. But a study conducted by a research team from Western University in Canada finds you can mitigate health issues related to a sedentary lifestyle with a few easy behavioral modifications.
Sitting for prolonged hours every day is linked to diabetes and heart disease, along with some forms of cancer and even clogged arteries, according to recent research. Just being glued to your seat for an hour can increase one’s chances of an early death. Scientists can’t stress enough how vital it is to be on our feet more frequently when our jobs necessitate us to be seated.
“Even if we exercise regularly, most of us sit or recline for an average of 11 hours a day,” says study co-author Wuyou (Yoah) Sui, a kinesiology PhD student at the university, in a release. “Our bodies just aren’t designed to function well with such low levels of activity — we all have to move more often than we do, or endure a variety of chronic health issues.”
For the study, the researchers gave a cohort of 52 Western students — 38 women and 14 men — a structured, six-week process that helped them take more frequent breaks from their desks. Students were tasked with finding the best tool to remind them to get out of their seats on a regular basis. Some used alarms and phone alerts to make sure they stood up and moved around during the breaks, which ideally occurred every 30 minutes and would last for two to three minutes.
A control group was given dietary guidelines to follow during the same six-week period, without adjusting their sitting practices.
After the study, the researchers found the participants habitually took breaks, on average, once an hour. Before, they described themselves as taking a break every 90 minutes, on average. The effect continued even two weeks after the study’s end. Meanwhile, those in the diet group, of course, showed no change in desk habits.
“It’s human nature to stumble when trying to add new activities to a busy day, which is why diets and exercise resolutions sometimes fall flat,” says Sui. “This study shows we can combat ‘occupational sitting’ not by adding a new activity but by sliding a substitute regimen into the place of an existing one.”
Some simple suggestions the research team offers:
- Stand up during phone calls
- Don’t fill your water or coffee up all the way in one break room visit. Force yourself to take more trips
- Instead of emailing people in the office, engage in a walk-and-talk with them
The full study was published Dec. 5, 2017 in the journal Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being. | <urn:uuid:7363dc53-cc82-4033-a153-fa7ae12ee9bc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.studyfinds.org/take-stand-daily-habits-lower-health-risks-sitting/?amp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.957163 | 618 | 3.0625 | 3 |
The Death of Jose Rizal: Ambeth Ocampo’s version
Submitted by admin on Tue, 01/04/2011 - 13:39
Editor’s note: The following is the article written by today’s most famous Filipino historian Ambeth R. Ocampo on Jose Rizal’s death. Simply entitled, “The Death of Jose Rizal,” this historical piece by the current head of the National Historical Institute (of the Philippines) could be deemed refreshing and controversial, as it offers several unpopular and unorthodox accounts of what (presumably) transpired on the day of Rizal’s execution. For one thing, it virtually proclaims that Rizal refused to kiss the crucifix before he was executed, thereby negating the claim of other historians (like Zaide) that the national hero even asked for this Catholic sacramental. Happy reading! evening dresses online
Rizal's Life, Works, and Writings: Online Syllabus and Articles
"THE OBSERVANT WILL NOTICE metal footprints on the pavement running from Fort Santiago to the Luneta in seafront Manila. They resemble dancing patterns, but actually trace the last steps of Jose Rizal as he walked from his prison cell to the site of his execution on December 30, 1896. The Rizal Centennial Commission claims that the footprints are based on Rizal’s actual shoe size. When people ask why the steps are so small, the quick reply is: “If you are walking to your death, would you hurry?”
The slow walk to Bagumbayan field (as Rizal Park or the Luneta was once called) began at 6:30 a.m. on a cool, clear morning. Rizal was dressed in a black coat and trousers and a white shirt and waistcoat. He was tied elbow to elbow, but held up his head in a chistera or bowler hat. A bugler signaled his passage, while the roll of drums muffled in black cloth gave cadence to his gait.
From Fort Santiago he took a right turn, and walked along the Paseo Maria Cristina (now Bonifacio Drive), which gave him a view lifting the darkness over Manila Bay on the right, and a last glimpse of Intramuros, shadowed by the missing sun, on his left. He walked between two Jesuits, Father Estanislao March and Father Jose Villaclara. They too were in black – the trademark black hats, tunics, and heavy coats that made the young Rizal and his Ateneo schoolmates refer to them as paniki (bats, or colloquially perhaps, batmen). Behind Rizal walked the brother of his former bodyguard, Lieutenant Luis Taviel de Andrade, who had vainly defended him in a farce masquerading as a trial.
The streets were lined with people who wanted to see the condemned man, since Rizal was many things to different people: “leader of the revolution,” physician, novelist, poet, sculptor, heretic, subversive. Rizal was a person one could not be neutral about. Like him or hate him, he was a celebrity.
Although he was walking to his death, eyewitnesses describe Rizal as serene – a bit pale, not because of fear of his fate, but because he had not had any breakfast. All he had been given were three hard-boiled eggs, which he took to a corner of his prison cell, saying, “This is for the rats; let them have a fiesta, too.” Then he left his cell.
Rizal is said to have nodded left and right to acknowledge familiar faces in crowd. From time to time he smiled, and is said to have made a few jokes, and laughed at these himself because the Jesuits flanking him remained somber. Others noticed his eyes dart quickly from left to right, and some believed that members of his family or the Katipuneros would make a last-ditch effort to save him from death. Was Rizal waiting for help that never came? And perhaps for an opportunity to spurn that help? Had he expected to see his family by the roadside? We will never know more than the fact that he was walking to his destiny.
In the clear morning Rizal could probably see as far as Susong Dalaga, and appreciate the silhouette of a naked woman on the mountain range across from Manila Bay. “What a beautiful morning!” he said, “On mornings like this I used to take walks here with my sweetheart.” Before reaching Bagumbayan, he glanced at Intramuros, sighed, and seeing the spires of the church of San Ignacio, said: “Is that the Ateneo? I spent many happy years there.” The Jesuits’ response is not recorded.
Someone had the foresight to take a photograph of the execution. The scene looked like a box, lined, three or four people deep, on three sides. The empty fourth side faced the bay, and the executioners’ line of fire. Eight Filipino soldiers armed with Remingtons formed the firing squad. Behind them stood the drummers and another line of Spanish soldiers with Mausers, ready to shoot the Filipinos if they refused to shoot, or purposely missed their target.
When everyone was in place, there was a slight delay because Rizal refused the customary blindfold, and asked to face the firing squad. The Spanish captain who had guided Rizal to the site insisted that he be shot in the back as ordered, because he was a traitor to Spain. Rizal declared that he had never been a traitor to the country of his birth or to Spain. After some coaxing, Rizal finally turned his back, but again refused the blindfold, and furthermore refused to kneel.
After all this haggling he made one last request: that the executioners spare his head, and shoot him in the back towards the heart. When the captain agreed, Rizal clasped the hand of Lieutenant Taviel de Andrade and thanked him once more for the vain effort of defending him before the military court that sentenced him to death.
Meanwhile, a curious Spanish military doctor felt Rizal’s pulse, and was surprised to find it regular and normal. The Jesuits were the last to leave the condemned man. They raised the crucifix to his face and lips, but he turned his head away and silently prepared to meet death.
The captain raised his saber in the air, ordered his men to get ready, and barked the order: “Preparen!” This was followed by the order to aim the rifles: “Apunten!” In the split second before the saber was brought down with the order to fir – “Fuego!” – Rizal shouted the last two words of the crucified Christ: “Consummatum est!” (It is done).
The shots rang out, the bullets hit their mark, and Rizal executed that carefully choreographed twist that he had practiced years before, which made him fall faced up on the ground. People held their breath as soldiers came up to the corpse and gave Rizal the tiro de gracia, one last merciful shot in the head at close range to make sure he was really dead.
A small dog, the military mascot, ran around the corpse whining, and the crowd moved in for a closer look, but were kept at bay by the soldiers who stood in the first row of spectators.
After a short silence, someone shouted: “Long live Spain! Death to the traitor!” The crowd did not respond. An officer approached the person who had shouted, and berated him. To fill in the gap, the military band played the Marcha de Cadiz.
It was 7:03 a.m. The show was over." | <urn:uuid:08ae19a7-5ad0-4a9d-8d30-9d4f853f58a1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.newsudanvision.net/evening-dresses-online.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.983912 | 1,680 | 3.296875 | 3 |
We are fascinated by authentic Korean skin care technology. So much so that we've invested in two high tech, Korean skin care machines. Oxygen Dome Facial Therapy is a 2-part system to help clients with acne, hyper-pigmentation, sun damage, collagen production and preservation.
This technology generates highly concentrated oxygen and anions and harnesses them in 2 ways.
1. Mist - a small air brush type gun mixes the concentrated oxygen and anions with customized serum and is applied as you've had here before - just a little more intensely.
2. Dome - your skin will be surrounded by the oxygen and anions for 15 - 20 minutes for an in-depth exposure to the beneficial substances. Below is a picture of what the dome looks like (a bubbling mask has been applied to clean the pores in this case).
What are anions?
Anions are negative ions. You may be familiar with this technology as it is in certain types of air purifiers. The negative ions clear air in a room of airborne allergens, pollen, mold spores, bacteria and viruses, dust, pet dander and cigarette smoke.
This technology has been harnessed in a machine that pulls in the room air, separates out the nitrogen, and gives us a 90% oxygen stream. The stream is pumped through a large dome that covers your skin, so that the anions can be trapped in the space around your facial skin. The skin absorbs the anions, and you breathe them in for added benefit. They influence skin health but also have benefits to the body as a whole.
Skin Benefits: Anions help stabilize free radicals and regenerate damaged skin cells. This process helps rebalance the pH level of your skin, reduces acne causing bacteria, lightens pigmentation, stimulates collagen production, promotes skin intake of nutrients, and improves tone and texture.
Body Benefits: Anions boost the body's energy levels and improve blood circulation. It can also help alleviate the symptoms of colds, headaches, allergies and hangover.
Includes 1 of the following modalities that are appropriate for you skin condition:
Microdermabrasion, Micro needling, RF Lifting Or Dermaplaning | <urn:uuid:eb4e31ee-e580-438e-9f4e-741556c88585> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jolispa.com/the-spa/spa-services/oxygenceuticals-glass-skin-dome-facial/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.928811 | 458 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Who are you? What do you align with? What makes you uniquely YOU? I have spoken to an increasing number of women about my age (millennials) who don’t know how to answer these questions that should give some insight into their identity.
We either default to societal labels, such as our job titles, “I’m a lawyer” or perhaps some other marker of status and success— “I’m an award-winning author.” You hear comments minimizing their impact like “I’m just a stay-at-home mom,” or women simply have no idea how to respond. They don’t feel confident enough to toot their own horn, or they are blinded and hypercritical, and can’t see all the ways they truly are great and unique.
The real culprit—I think most of us have not stopped for hardly two seconds since childhood to take a good look at who we are and what we like. We are chasing a career or chasing familial expectations of what a successful life should look like and we are losing ourselves in the shuffle.
When we emerge from the haze, burned out, and detached from ourselves, we have no idea where to turn. We are lacking confidence in our ability to make decisions about our life—because fear paralyzes us about making the wrong decision. “What if I choose the wrong major, career path, or partner?”
Identities are complex, they are personal, they are fluid and we need to learn to not shy away from sharing them. This is how we connect with other people—shared interests, shared backgrounds, common goals, and seeing our humanness reflected back at us.
You may be lost, fearful or have just lost confidence in your ability to own your identity. We all get knocked down by tough times in our lives that challenge what we believe about ourselves.
But here is the thing. YOU get to choose to control the story and content you put out into the world regarding your identity—and then just leave it. How others perceive and react to your narrative really should not be of major concern to you. Let those who gravitate toward your story and energy come and become part of your support network and let go of those who will hate or criticize.
Some will love you for your identity and who you are. Some won’t. The sooner we learn that rejection is part of life and being human, the faster we can move on from trying to please everyone and live a life that feels aligned with who we truly are.
For me personally, I hid behind the identity of “doctor” for far too long. Sometimes when I’m traveling and struggling to convey what I do or who I am (particularly in another language) I have reverted back to picking up that label. But it feels less heavy now. I feel less attached to it. I can use it with a selective few to help me explain my identity in a more complex way, but I actually enjoy when I have newer relationships and they don’t revolve around “what we do” but rather who we are and what we enjoy.
That is the beauty of meeting travelers. Daily life looks different so we don’t as easily fall into the routine conversation of “what do you do (for a living)?” There are more exciting things to talk about like where we have been, what we hope to do or see, travel tips to share, and just interesting observations about cultures and humans in general.
I encourage you to take time to explore your identity, your interests, your values and look at how you are projecting yourself to the world. To the outside world, is your identity ‘successful career woman who has her sh*t together and is always offering to help others’— when in reality you are crumbling inside trying to keep yourself from losing it every day?
It is less about how you want the world to see you but more about if you are living your life openly and feel a sense of alignment between what you are projecting to the world and who you truly are. It shouldn’t take effort. If you feel like you are constantly managing your image and trying to put up a front, I encourage you to take a look at why you feel this way and if something needs to change to allow you to feel confident and free in your identity? | <urn:uuid:650eca9e-533a-4501-b3f2-7ddaaa6d9217> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://breakawaybabes.com/identity-crisis-have-you-lost-yourself/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.966535 | 908 | 1.585938 | 2 |
In recent years, governments throughout the world have increasingly prioritized cyber security. Initiatives have been launched to address cybersecurity issues that pose a threat to the safety of individuals and businesses.
As Forrester’s Steve Turner says, “government-led cybersecurity programs are important to tackling cybersecurity challenges such as destructive assaults, huge data breaches and strikes on vital infrastructure”.
There are legislative levers that may be used, ways to take offensive actions against nation-state adversaries, and most importantly, investigations of significant cyber incidents along with critical information sharing during or after those incidents. You can get your own cyber security certifications online very easily. Enroll in cyber security analyst certification courses to get started.
The following are some of the most noteworthy cybersecurity measures that governments throughout the world will launch in 2021:
Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification is published by the US Department of Defense.
It was announced in January by the US Department of Defense that the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) will be implemented across the Defense Industrial Base (DIB), which comprises more than 300,000 firms in the supply chain. From fundamental cyber hygiene to advanced cyber hygiene, the Center for Cyber-Maturity Management (CMMC) examines and integrates a variety of cybersecurity standards and best practices.
For a certain CMMC level, the associated controls and procedures will minimize risk against a specific set of cyber risks when applied, according to the Office of Defense Acquisition and Sustainment’s (ODAS) website. To current regulations (DFARS 252.204-7012), the CMMC initiative adds a verification component with regard to cybersecurity standards. As part of the CMMC, approved and recognized third parties perform assessments and issue CMMC certifications to DIB firms at the appropriate level, ensuring that the CMMC is cost-effective and reasonable for all organizations.
When it comes to government cybersecurity initiatives in 2021, the CMMC is arguably the most significant one according to Tom Brennan, CIO of Mandelbaum Salsburg P.C. This specific control has failed horribly for a long time, he says. Government contractors that fail to comply with the CMMC’s security standards would lose their contracts, he adds, which is why it’s so vital to have an independent security evaluation.
A new DoD contract requires CMMC level 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 compliance (depending on the level of maturity needed for the project) before a business may take on a new contract. Many audit companies and service providers are realizing that the CMMC is a cash cow, Brennan adds.
Hacker Academy opened in Spain as the Spanish government pledges €450 million to the cybersecurity industry
To improve the cybersecurity industry in Spanish, the Spanish government will invest more than €450 million over a three-year period, according to Carme Artigas, the country’s state secretary for digitalization and artificial intelligence (AI). A Hacker Academy for Spanish citizens aged 14 and above has also been launched by Artigas as a way to teach people and recruit new talent. Participants compete in cybersecurity tasks between May 3 and June 25.
National Cybersecurity Institute (INCIBE) will be in charge of overseeing a new strategic plan for cybersecurity spending, which will focus on three key pillars: boosting the business ecosystem of the sector and recruiting talent; strengthening cybersecurity for individuals, SME’s, and professionals; and consolidating Spain as an international cybersecurity center.
Security executive order announced by the US government
According to an executive order issued by the Biden administration, the nation’s cybersecurity would be improved and federal government networks will be protected. As well as a ransomware assault on Colonial Pipeline, SolarWinds and Microsoft was recently targeted for supply chain hacks.
There are a number of suggestions in the executive order to improve cybersecurity inside government agencies, including:
Government and private sector information sharing on threats should be made easier by removing barriers
The federal government should modernize and establish tougher cybersecurity requirements.
Improving the security of the software supply chain.
Create a cybersecurity review board
Improving cybersecurity incident detection, investigation, and remediation capabilities.
Australian government announces Critical Infrastructure Uplift Program
According to the Australian government’s “Critical Infrastructure Uplift Program (CI-UP)”, the program’s goal is to identify critical infrastructure vulnerabilities and fix them, as well as to help providers improve their cybersecurity maturity by evaluating their current security programs and implementing recommended risk mitigation strategies. It is available to critical infrastructure entities that are ACSC partners and is intended to:
Use a combination of the Cyber Security Capability and Maturity Model (C2M2), and the Essential 8 maturity models, to assess the cybersecurity readiness of vital infrastructure and systems of national significance.
Identify and implement priority vulnerability and risk reduction methods
Facilitate implementation of risk reduction methods by partners
The American Cybersecurity Literacy Act has been proposed by US politicians.
House legislators from both parties proposed the American Cybersecurity Literacy Act in June, a new bill designed to increase cybersecurity awareness and data security understanding among internet users in the United States. House Energy and Commerce Committee is now reviewing the act, which states that the United States has national security and economic interest in fostering cybersecurity awareness.
The government of France establishes a cyberattack alert system
France established a new warning system for small and medium-sized enterprises in July to assist them in the case of cyberattacks and advise them of the steps they should take in reaction to events. Secretary of State for Digital Transition and Electronic Communications (Secretary Cédric O) and other senior authorities introduced the system.
Britain’s Ministry of Defense has completed its first bug bounty program
According to the UK Ministry of Defence, its first bug bounty program was completed in August. For a 30-day challenge in collaboration with HackerOne, it asked ethical hackers to examine and uncover vulnerabilities in its digital assets that needed to be fixed, giving them direct access to its internal systems. A new cyber plan (announced in March) by the UK government aims to improve the country’s cyber strength in an increasingly digital environment.
In Italy, a new national cybersecurity agency has been established
This is part of an overall strategy to develop an integrated, secure cloud infrastructure for the country, which was authorized by the Italian parliament in August. The Agenzia per la Cybersicurezza Nazionale (ACN), which was first announced in June, would initially have 300 personnel, with a goal of reaching 1,000 by 2027, according to its website.
Wrapping up So these were the marvelous initiatives taken by several governments around the globe to take care of the growing cyber security threats. Enroll in cyber security training online and hone your skills in cybersecurity. Having a cyber security training certification will not only help you understand the field better but will also give you an edge in the job markets | <urn:uuid:575af02d-83b7-459f-bb97-effb4a1a497d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mindsmag.com/notable-government-cybersecurity-initiatives-of-2021/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.947863 | 1,421 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Design By Decade Series
Catalogue Number: BAM076
Producer: Blue Ant Media
Subject: Arts, Canadian History, Canadian Social Studies, Family Studies/Home Economics, History, Social Studies, Tech/Voc
Grade Level: 9 - 12, Post Secondary
Country Of Origin: Canada
Copyright Year: 2011
Closed Captions: Yes
From the post-war Modern style to the diversity of the new millennium – explore six decades of Canadian design.
Featuring the collection of the Design Exchange - Canada’s National Design Museum, Design by Decade reveals the exceptional stories behind the objects of everyday life. These are the symbols of our cultural past and present.
A comprehensive and informative Canadian-produced series aimed at Grade 10 to College/University courses. Excellent resource for Canadian History, Family Studies and Home Economics, Art, and Industrial Design courses.
6 programs, 30 minutes each.
That's Art SeriesBlue Ant Media BAM063
Art is all around us: tattoos, graffiti, movie posters and book covers. That's Art?! introduces you... | <urn:uuid:19d261e0-eabd-4f0f-95dd-1ffee21099e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mcintyre.ca/titles/BAM076 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.812165 | 237 | 2.046875 | 2 |
The eighth of August is International Cat Day, a day to honor one of man’s most popular and long-standing pets. They’ve even received veneration as deities (we see you, Egypt.) Cats are among the greatest creatures on the earth because they are independent, intrepid, and curious, have an incredible physiognomy, and have the ability to repair themselves—at least most of the time. Find out a few selections of the top cat beds and litter boxes if you want to spoil your cat with something unique.
International Cat Day
When is the Cat day in 2022?
On August 8, 2021, we honor our mysterious feline friends with International Cat Day.
History of World Cat Day
Cats are mostly carnivorous little furry creatures with four legs, a tail, and claws that people have domesticated as pets since the beginning of time, despite the fact that they originally hunted vermin and are descended from the African Wildcat. Ancient Egyptian civilization contains the earliest known mention of cats in human history. Because the Egyptians revered and regarded cats as gods, we all appear to associate cats with the ancient Egyptians. During the First Dynasty, Mafdet—the first recorded cat deity—was revered as a protection against snakes, scorpions, and evil. For them, cats were thus more than just deities—they were also guardians.
Later, after the Egyptian dynasty was overthrown, cats gained popularity all throughout the world! Cats were once the property of the affluent and powerful in the East, where the Greeks and Romans utilized them to control pests. Although too many cats were slain throughout the Middle Ages in Europe due to superstition and the belief that they carried the sickness during the Black Death of 1348, it wasn’t until the 1600s that cats’ reputation began to improve. To reduce vermin and disease, colonization ships sent cats to America; as a result, those cats landed and thrived. We have over 500 million cats in the world, thus cats appear to be one of the pop idols in contemporary society. And, since 2002, thanks to the “International Fund for Animal Welfare” cats have their own holiday!
Traditions of International Cat Day
On International Cat Day, cats are given the royal treatment. They are lavished with care and love today, not that this isn’t the case most days already. Cats are the pickiest members of the family, so the day is spent taking care of their every need. This includes buying them expensive catnip and their favorite treats, letting them shred and wail as much as they want, and even tuning in to their preferred TV program (there are videos online of cats obediently watching “Tom and Jerry”). Not every cat is fortunate enough to live in a nice home with a comfortable lifestyle. Donations are generously donated to animal shelters and welfare organizations since stray cats are prone to abuse and suffer injuries from traffic accidents and other dangerous conditions. Cats are frequently adopted and brought to new homes, particularly by young people receiving their first pet.
International Cat Day Activities
- It’s time to help people who are in need. There are a lot of stray cats in the world, so what better day to treat them with respect and affection than today?
- Spend some time with your adorable children. On International Cat Day, you can enjoy yourself and show your cat some love if you have one.
- Respect them by being “catlike”. Even if you don’t like cats, always treat them with love and respect. Use this opportunity to raise awareness about treating cats with respect on your social network.
- On international Cat Day, find out different types of cats and buy one for you also but before buying must investigate which cats are house cats. Or learn about food of cats, breeds of cats, life of cats etc.
Facts about cats
- The record-holder for loudest purr is Merlin, a Black and White Cat from the U.K., whose purr measures 67.8db.
- On average, cats sleep 17 hours a day.
- Why cats sleep so much? Cats have adapted to spend a lot of time sleeping during the day. In order to conserve their energy for the hunt, chase, and killing of their next food, wild cats must sleep. Although they may not have a need to hunt, our house cats still have the instinct to sleep and get ready for a hunt.
- Cats can jump five times higher than their height.
- Creme Puff, who lived for 38 years and 3 days, was the oldest cat in the world ever. From August 3, 1967, through August 2005, Creme Puff resided in Austin, Texas, with her owner.
- The longest cat ever measured 48.5 inches. Most people think of domestic cats as being somewhat diminutive and delicate animals. But did you know that Stewie, a Maine Coon, was the 48.5-inch record-holder for the longest cat in the world? Whereas, the record for the tallest cat belonged to Arcturus at a whopping 19.05 inches tall! Those are some big cats.
- Your small cat is capable of travelling at speeds of almost 30 mph!
- When Blackie’s billionaire owner passed away, he received a 7 million pound fortune, according to “Guinness World Records.”
- Cats are not attracted to sweetness at all since they are unable to detect it.
- Do you know, why cats meow? According to science, cats only use their meows to talk to humans and not to each other – except to their mothers when they are kittens. Cats meow for a variety of purposes, including to greet us, request items, and alert us to problems. Meowing is an intriguing vocalization because adult cats only meow at people and not at each other.
Why we like International cat day?
We cherish every living thing. Holidays like today demonstrate that people do appreciate all living things, and that there are more of us than not who respect and love cats. It’s simple to believe that we are the most significant creatures on Earth, but as a sweet reminder, we are not alone, therefore we must respect the rights of all living things and do our part, beginning with our dogs. Scientific research has shown that cats’ natural stress-relieving abilities promote mental health. Our bodies can release chemicals that reduce tension when we pet a fluffy cat.
International Cat Day Dates | <urn:uuid:d6d7fc8e-cf5e-4ea1-9817-0b2b3c81705e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.informationpalace.com/international-cat-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.95966 | 1,403 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Alpine County Points of Interest
The plaque reads:
Elevation 9300 Feet
Named in memory of
G. Elmer Reynolds
Conservationist and lover of nature
The 105,165 acre wilderness takes in portions of the Toiyabe, Stanislaus, and El Dorado National Forests, and lies in the mid-Sierra region between Lake Tahoe to the north and the High Sierra to the south. The peak lies on the Sierra Crest, about four miles north of Ebbetts Pass.
Like most of the peaks in the region, Reynolds Peak is composed of dark volcanic rock. Millions of years ago, volcanic activity covered much of the region in layers of lava, ash, and mudfloes. Over time, erosion and glacial activity removed much of the covering layers from all but the more prominent peaks and ridges.
Reynolds Peak is the remains of one of these active composite volcanoes.
The resulting geology left some impressive peaks, most of which have poor rock-climbing qualities. Because of the poor adhesion in the metamorphosed rocks, protection is difficult and generally unsafe. There is little rock climbing in the region. | <urn:uuid:1089c985-b621-43be-b852-2dbcf2a4d2c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://noehill.com/alpine/poi_reynolds_peak.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.919459 | 263 | 2.796875 | 3 |
What is the Agape Project?
The Agape Project is a research and development collective that focuses on love as a catalytic motivator for change in our culture. It is driven primarily through its founders Steve & Barbara Uhlmann.
How did all this get started?
It’s an idea that came from a great deal of study and experience in human behavior patterns. Loving one another is the primary command that Jesus gave to identify His followers, and if we as a community can put in place the basic habit of treating our families, associates, and neighbors with the Love of Jesus, then a community of love will flow out of that. If that sounds too vague, let me first explain the vision, the problem, and how we hope to approach it:
The Vision: A Community Of Believers Who:
- Actively seek the Spirit’s leading daily, focused on growing to be more Christ-like.
- Daily, intentionally seek to express the Love (agape) the Spirit has already brought to our hearts.
- Enter into a community experience dedicated to spiritual formation, where the Spirit leads us to act in alignment with His leading, and encourage one another in this pursuit.
The Problem: we are all on autopilot
For 95-99% of our day, we operate from the subconscious mind. The subconscious mind has no language, no higher thinking. It responds to the environment, automatically reacting to circumstances through learned, habitual patterns. This all occurs without conscious thought. Our conscious mind only exercises control over the remaining 1-5% of our daily decisions and interactions. Knowledge, a function of conscious thought, is effectively influencing 5% or less of our response to situations.
The mind of the modern individual is chronically on overload, and the conscious mind quickly reverts to the subconscious where decisions are quick, made by learned habits and old patterns. If we want to change the way that we respond, then knowledge cannot possibly be the key – this would require changing the entire way that our minds process information. For any growth to take place, we must change our habitual patterns, which is not a small task. The call to Love Like Jesus must become the subconscious rule, not the conscious exception – a total shift in our efforts to grow spiritually.
The Hope: A Community Of Intentional Spiritual Formation
The community of Love Like Jesus will live out John 13:34 and Hebrews 10:24. We will tell our stories, and spur one into the daily habit of understanding the Love that God shows us, so that we may show it to others. Our community will be defined by:
- Acceptance and affirmation, not direction and criticism
- Offered presence, not communicated pressure
- Dependence on the Spirit, not casual/careless engagement
- Repentance from self-dependence
- Abandonment to God-dependence
- Confidence in God’s purpose and presence
Will you join us in a community of intentional spiritual formation as we seek to change our habits, our reactions, and our treatment of those around us? As we learn to Love Like Jesus? | <urn:uuid:f143464b-e12c-48f1-a248-ee1020b5ef55> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://agapeproject.com/purpose-of-love-like-jesus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.92222 | 641 | 1.953125 | 2 |
In addition to these specific asanas, the practice of controlled breathing relaxes muscles and calms the autonomic nervous system, reducing vascular pressure and lowering heart rate. Recommended poses and breathing exercises vary depending on individual experience and degree of symptoms. As you should have learned in your foundational yoga teacher training, most of the recommended asanas for varicose veins are inversions which are contraindicated for high blood pressure, stroke recovery, eye problems, and heart conditions.
As you practice prenatal Yoga, do remember that during your pregnancy, a hormone that helps your ligaments and bones to soften in preparation for childbirth is released, so please be mindful to not overstretch in these poses. It is highly advisable to learn prenatal Yogic techniques from a certified Yoga instructor at a professional studio. | <urn:uuid:91b6da2a-b123-4b80-badc-c5f390e1c9d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aurawellnesscenter.com/tag/foundational-yoga-teacher-training/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.937296 | 160 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Millions miss a meal or two each day.
Help us change that! Click to donate today!
The next prophecy in Egypt was of a fiery protest against the persistent rebellion of the people of God. The prophet reminded them of the patience of God, and of how His anger had already been poured out on Jerusalem, and declared that the rebellious remnant which had found its way into Egypt would be wholly cut off.
This message was answered by a defiant and persistent declaration of rebellion, in which they misinterpreted their own history by declaring that all the evils that had befallen them resulted from attacks on idolatry, and deliberately declared their intention to continue their idolatrous practices.
This drew from Jeremiah his final prophecy, in which he answered their argument by declaring that their sorrows were the result of their idolatry rather than, as they affirmed, the result of turning from idols. He foretold the determined judgment of God, saying that they would be consumed, only a small remnant escaping from Egypt; and ended by announcing that the sign of Jehovah to them would be the defeat of Pharaoh-Hophra, and his being handed over to those who sought his life.
These files are public domain.
Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com. Used by Permission.
Morgan, G. Campbell. "Commentary on Jeremiah 44". "Morgan's Exposition on the Bible". https://studylight.org/
the Week of Proper 15 / Ordinary 20 | <urn:uuid:7c9671ed-0440-463b-8616-7698758381e8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://studylight.org/commentaries/eng/gcm/jeremiah-44.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.98356 | 307 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Binary numbers, based on 1s and 0s, reflect the practical essence of computer hardware: electricity is either on or off. Learn how to write in binary numbers, and the (not so secret) code to transform English language letters into binary numbers and back again.
Simon recently wrote a short ebook, A children's guide to Python programming, to teach kids ages 5-8 computer programming with Python..
Named after Monty Python, this language is designed to be simple yet powerful, easy to code with lots of features.
In most or all software programming languages, variables work like containers to hold numbers, phrases, or other important stuff used in several places in your code. Here's how they work in several common languages.
Some numbers simply have a positive attitude. They're fun to play with.
Girls Who Code, CoderDojo, and other local groups are great places to learn how to program, meet people, and help others learn.
Building your own computer is a great way to not only save money, and get more processing power, but also to learn about the less obvious parts of software programming.
Interesting stories about computer science, software programming, and technology for the month of August 2013.
There are plenty of places online to learn one or more software programming languages. Here's a short list with some guidelines to evaluate all your options.
Links from the bottom of all the September 2013 articles, collected in one place for you to print, share, or bookmark.
His work ties together two topics for this issue of the magazine: binary numbers and circuit design. Without Shannon, computers and computer science could have been very different. | <urn:uuid:d2ff6b6a-1efc-4844-9c87-ca9e9cd8a3e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kidscodecs.com/issues/2013-september/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.935078 | 340 | 4 | 4 |
Theresa May last night signed a letter which will trigger Article 50
Theresa May SIGNS Article 50 letter to Europe
What does Brexit mean?
Britain voted to leave the EU in a referendum on Thursday 23 June, 2016. More than 17.4 million Britons voted to Leave – 51.9 per cent of the total result, with 16.1 million – or 48.1 per cent – voting to Remain.
The Prime Minister signed a letter yesterday notifying Brussels of Britain’s intent to leave the EU, which will be hand delivered to European Council president Donald Tusk at 12.20pm today.
Mrs May will then make a statement to MPs where she will promise to “represent every person in the whole United Kingdom” during Brexit negotiations.
"It is my fierce determination to get the right deal for every single person in this country," she will say.
"For, as we face the opportunities ahead of us on this momentous journey, our shared values, interests and ambitions can - and must - bring us together."
What does Brexit mean for immigration?
Mrs May has said: “Brexit must mean control of the number of people who come to Britain from Europe.”
Immigration was arguably the biggest issue driving the Leave campaign, with many Britons saying that they wanted to see a reduction in the number of EU migrants.
The Prime Minister has reiterated her aim of bringing net migration to below 100,000 a year – a target which David Cameron repeatedly failed to achieve. Last year, net migration into the UK was 335,000, of which 189,000 were EU migrants.
The Government has not revealed how it will regain control of Britain’s borders after Brexit, although an Australian-style points system has been ruled out.
Brexit Secretary David Davis has said that the new system will be “sustainable”, “properly managed” and “will be in everybody's interests – the migrants and the citizens of the UK”.
After Britain leaves the European Union, he said that immigration should rise and fall depending on the needs of our economy.
David Davis has said that immigration should be 'sustainable'
What does Brexit mean for the economy?
Mrs May has confirmed that Britain will leave the European single market in order to regain control of UK borders and end free movement.
Freedom of movement of EU citizens is a key condition of single market membership, making the market incompatible with the Prime Minister’s vision for Britain.
After some initial post-Brexit worries, Britain’s economy has gone from strength to strength.
Gross domestic product (GDP) increased by 0.7 per cent in the final three months of 2016, up from 0.6 per cent in the previous quarter.
Theresa May signed the Article 50 letter
The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development has predicted that the economy will expand by 1.6 per cent this year, faster than the 1.2 per cent growth it previously forecast for the same time period.
Inflation hit a three-year high in February, rising to 2.3 per cent.
Similarly the FTSE 100 has bounced back from the lows seen in the aftermath of the referendum to record highs.
Last week a record high of 7,429.81 was recorded, a 20 per cent rise compared to pre-Brexit levels.
But there are fears that the economy could struggle when Britain actually leaves the EU in 2019.
What does Brexit mean for the pound?
In October the pound hit a record 31-year low against the US dollar of $1.2796, and a six-year low against the euro of €1.10.
In recent months sterling has made tentative recovery, and Peter Rosenstreich of Swissquote Bank has said that he expects the pound to continue this trend.
“Outside of a natural GBP risk aversion pullback, we suspect that the GBP will continue to rally against the USD and EUR,” he told Pound Sterling Live.
Today’s triggering of Article 50 has already been priced into markets and is not expected to affect the pound.
Kathleen Brooks, research director at City Index Direct, said: "The market may actually experience a sigh of relief once Article 50 is triggered, at least it gets rid of the uncertainty, and we always knew that it was going to happen by the end of March, so a couple of weeks’ early isn’t going to cause panic in the currency markets.” | <urn:uuid:a4e5c6a0-d5c9-42d7-b2cf-ac364b4d637a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.express.co.uk/news/politics/785255/brexit-mean-meaning-article-50-theresa-may-economy-pound-immigration | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.954502 | 933 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Today’s photos are from Jane Sayed. She says, “The sun coming up through the frosty trees here in Ann Arbor, Michigan, inspired me to step out and take some photos. I love to look out at the grasses in the winter. That made me think of how the garden looked last summer, so I hunted for a couple of contrast pictures of the garden in summer and winter.
“The final photo is of my gardening nemesis here. We live in a subdivision with a lot of surrounding land between the houses and have a large deer population. Not only have they been snacking on the junipers, but they jumped the fence protecting the plantings next to the front of our house and ate the leaves off all the holly bushes! I know from past experience that they will grow back, but it is a sad sight!”
I love seeing photos of the beds in both summer and winter from the same angles, Jane! You’ve got some seriously hard-working, classic plants in your garden, and they’re beautiful. I keep reminding myself to add more coneflowers, shasta daisies, and astilbes to my garden, but then I get distracted by all the new stuff in the nursery that turn out to be duds…. Thanks for the reminder, and hang in there with those deer.
It’s almost SPRING, people! I know you’re going through your photos from last year, planning what you’ll do differently this year. Send some of those photos in to me! [email protected]
Want to search the GPOD by STATE? CLICK HERE!
Want us to feature YOUR garden in the Garden Photo of the Day? CLICK HERE!
Want to see every post ever published? CLICK HERE!
**Check out the GPOD Pinterest page! CLICK HERE!**
Get our latest tips, how-to articles, and instructional videos sent to your inbox. | <urn:uuid:b52697b7-0f37-4acc-bd26-3ddfbc06f299> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.finegardening.com/article/janes-garden-in-summer-and-winter | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.933029 | 407 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Living in a black place mattered to me, the granddaughter of black southern migrants who had left homes in Louisiana to make new homes out west. Monroe, Lake Charles, Gary, Marin City. All of these cities were intimate coordinates on a family map. Soft-breathing places where children and elders and married people made their beds, ate supper, played records, told stories, said their prayers, and left kinfolk behind when it was time to pick up and leave. This was migration. A great train moving toward bigger and brighter cities. A river of black folks flooding into previously all-white towns and streets, wading after jobs, new adventure, greener pastures, a reprieve from the noose despite never learning how to swim.
Like my father, I am a direct beneficiary of people who left home and found purpose and prosperity on arrival. Like my father, I owe my chances to the survival, rage, and wit of a people who stepped into formal and informal occupations, built and rented rooms, sold and lost property. Their sacrifice became my skin in the game.
$525,000 | 2 Bed | 1 Bath | 968 Sq. Ft., Oakland
Why rent when you can buy? or good for investment property. Located in the heart of Oakland’s Elmhurst district built in the 1920’s is this lovely well-maintained 2 bedroom,1 bath traditional home with gleaming hardwood floors…Cozy living room with wood-burning fire place dining room, kitchen and indoors laundry room. Fenced backyard located in Oakland close to Coliseum BART & Hwy 580, Eastmont Shopping Center, Oakland Zoo, & Knowland Park.
As the firstborn child of the son of migrants and a Chinese immigrant daughter, two people who believed at the cellular level that homeownership defined personal worth in America, there was no way that I could grow up and not be obsessed with the idea, the notion of home. Home was a passport to the good neighbor program, a stamp that marked one as a taxpaying American. It was where you cut a green lawn and lent a cup of sugar. Where respectable Negroes went to at night, their covers pulled tight. It was your nest egg that could carry you through the storm while other black families blew away in squalls that ended in leaky public housing and a payday loan.
Later when I became an academic, one of those mousy, overly critical types who reads the reports and analyzes the colorful graphs indicating racial debt and doom, I learned exactly what had bankrupted black people from the start and how our green cash was always a dollar short leading generations to spend a lifetime in the red. After that, there would be no way that I would not hate the entirety of a racist system that actively participated in the theft of black opportunity and wealth. Of course, they used legal and convenient tools, the same ones that hung my grandparents out to dry, their clothes soggy and drenched around the neck and wrists: mob violence, restrictive covenants, redlining, structural containment, white flight, neighborhood divestment.
$389,000 | 3 Beds | 1 Bath | 1,096 Sq. Ft. Oakland
Great price for 3 bedroom home on a quiet street. Cozy living room with fireplace and hardwood floors. Spacious kitchen with eating area. Good size bedrooms. Property is a fixer that needs someone’s special touch to make this home a real gem.
I was born in Oakland. A seed planted between the cracks of my mother’s thighs and roughly watered with the scuffed dreams of my father’s boyhood. There, the light was always dim, though shining, and the language, while broken and sharp, came from a place of love, or was it fear?
$715,000 | 3 Beds | 2 Bath | 1,641 Sq. Ft. Oakland
Charming in every way! This lovely turn key home in a highly sought-after area, features Inviting formal living room with fireplace, good size formal dining, hardwood floors, wood trim, and stained glass inlays at fireplace mantle cabinets. Stone fireplace with built-in shelving and nook. Cove ceiling with recessed lights, and wood flooring throughout. Large oversized picture windows, inside laundry, Charming art deco kitchen, with many features. Desire income? or need a on-site office or studio? This property features well done, pre-existing rear ADU in law unit.
I was raised in Oakland, a seedling whipped straight into wiry plant by my black father’s urban farming hands. Our sun was hand-me-down clothes, our water was Kraft cheese slices, our soil was Saturday morning television. Every time I threatened to bend toward the warmth of other suns, my Chinese immigrant mother came running. There was nothing worse than believing that her daughter’s blackness would turn heart shaped leaves into sickles, a deep obedient passable tap root into a shallow brown fibrous clot. With her best tools, she roped me taut against a stick with twine, replanting me in smaller and smaller pots in shadier and shadier spots until I was like bonsai: prized and evenly cut. Where she showed no concern about my becoming root bound, my father was off alone, looking for new land.
$399,000 | 1 Bed | 1 Bath | 800 Sq. Ft. Oakland
Great opportunity for a anything you may want the building to be–residential or commercial or mixed use. The property has been a church and a corner store before that. Currently, commercial taxes paid and building insured as such. Huge 20+’ yard to the side of the building and 12+’ on the back for driveways. The city allows 2 units on corner lots, buyer to investigate all options. Lots of opportunities for investment in a residential neighborhood. Close to BART, highway, airport.
For both my parents, Oakland was a dangerous place full of violent hunters and traps. For both my parents, Oakland was a place full of precision killers and snared prey. Not traumatized explorers or broken creators or dispossessed thinkers or contrasting colors and warm shadows, or maybe it was also full those things too, but in smaller, way smaller, numbers. For them, a young married couple raising their first daughter, a small brown mammal with a jittery temperament and long dark hair, Oakland was a dangerous place full of men who could take and ruin. Rape and pillage.
Avoid the bounding small chested teenagers who will grow into manhood under the guidance of guns, they told me. Avoid the men with gold capped teeth and dark eyes who will see right through you and know you are new and untouched, they warned. Avoid the old men outside of bars who smell like your grandfather (cologne, cigarettes, and disappointment) and will use those large hands, they cautioned. But did I ever listen?
$549,000 | 2 Beds | 1 Bath | 969 Sq. Ft. Oakland
If you’ve been searching for a place of your own where you can spread your wings and dive into home ownership you’ve found it. This smartly updated home has the most amazing front porch with peak-a-boo views of sunsets over the Bay. With two bedrooms and one bathroom you’ll enjoy details like an open floorplan with a state-of-the-art kitchen that provides the perfect gateway to the truly enviable backyard. From the deck off the kitchen that’s great for grillin’ to the stone patio that’s the spot for chillin’ this fenced outdoor space provides something for everyone. The grassy area is like an oasis for people or pets to play. You’ll be sure to enjoy all of the natural light and cross ventilation that this home provides.
Oakland in the 1980s was a black place abandoned by white flight following municipal divestment, a bowl at the edge of the bay peppered heavily with crack users, vandals, and the unemployed. (In graduate school they would refer to this population as vulnerable, racial capitalism’s surplus children.) To my mother, Oakland was full of people who would pull me completely to “that side,” into a racial geography she regarded as a no man’s land: a vast landfill full of scrap dreams, bad credit, and a people who had arrived in 1619 and still hadn’t achieved anything four hundred years later. To my father, Oakland was overwhelmed with offensive, irresponsible, and destitute black people. And he, being a gainfully employed black homeowner who lived by his work ethic even as his white bosses exploited him, felt mocked by their presence.
What hours of the day could one rest from the constant work of fortifying one’s children against a blackness that would ultimately burden them? What could a freshly cut green lawn not prove about a black man’s level of class and respectability?
$599,000 | 3 Beds | 1 Bath | 796 Sq. Ft. Oakland
The Laurel District’s thriving commercial zone provides the area with some of the very best Oakland has to offer. Live the Oakland dream with convenient access to restaurants, grocery stores, hiking trails and a variety of commuter options. This charming updated bungalow provides modern comforts and conveniences while placing you in the heart of the booming, culturally rich Laurel District. Don’t miss out on this perfect starter home!
Of course, as an adult, I wanted a house for all the right reasons, you know, the ones written about on every finance blog: stability, pride of ownership, wealth accumulation, tax breaks, freedom, and privacy. But I also wanted a house to fill with music and mismatched dishware and a nice exposed roof corner from which to hang wind-chimes. I wanted a front yard full of agave, yarrow, and succulents, and a backyard full of chickens, and children yelling in all directions of the street. So, I chose Oakland in my heart. Even though I knew that every single job I ever had wouldn’t pay me enough to save for that one day house. Even as I grew to love the whole of black Oakland through seasons of murder and trauma and renewal and displacement and the lasting vestiges of the crack epidemic.
There was something meaningful about returning to Oakland, the city where I was born and lived the first fifteen years of my life. To return after the birth of my two children. To return in the twilight of my thirties. To return as a black professional with the means to invest in and support black-owned businesses amidst white-owned patisseries and white-owned artisan wood fire pizza joints and white-owned juice bars and white-owned stationary stores with revolutionary quotes painted on the walls. To return to new monuments and new gods—Starbucks, Chipotle, Wingstop, bay view luxury condos—where before there were only gaping potholes and food deserts. To return at a time when black people were being pushed out and only constituted a small fraction of the total numbers we once had in Oakland, once a black city. To return during the time of gentrification.
$529,000 | 2 Beds | 1 Bath | 950 Sq. Ft. Fremont
Welcome to Parkmont Gardens. Known for its prestigious schools. This unit is located on the 3rd level it’s spacious, has a nice view from balcony and newly updated with New Kitchen cabinets, Quartz counter countertops, New Flooring, Custom shower, New windows throughout. Walking distance to BART, Washington Hospital, Whole foods and many more shops and restaurants. Also, HOA includes Trash, Water, Hazard Insurance, Exterior maintenance, features community pool for those hot summer days.
Our real estate agents, two Asian women who noted my concern for good schools and safety, kept suggesting a town-home or condo unit in Hayward or Union City, even Fremont. They couldn’t understand why I kept sending them listings of small two-bedroom fixer uppers at the edge of the Fruitvale and Allendale neighborhoods. Small ragged things with sagging roofs and unkempt hedges. Dusty porches and sad little rooms with decades-old carpet and linoleum floors. Corner houses on big lots with abundant sunlight that sat at intersections that sometimes hosted sideshows and staged homicides. Houses that were in probate because their elders had died in them before ever getting to the business of wills and trusts. Houses that were sold cheap and fast because somebody’s grandmother took out a reverse home mortgage. Houses that would require hours and years and decades of work that I couldn’t possibly give them.
Also on our list? A house with a garage in neighborhoods where vehicle break-ins were common. And a quiet street where we wouldn’t have to close our windows on Sundays because of boisterous live DJed Mexican birthday parties drowning into the early hours of the morning two houses down.
$569,900 | 3 Beds | 1 Bath | 1,014 Sq. Ft. San Lorenzo
Commuters Dream!!!!!!!This home has been maintained to the nines, by its current owner of 59 years. This home offers lots of natural light, and is located on a street showing pride of ownership. New windows in 2009, 2012 all plumbing lines replaced with copper, 2014 New Furnace, 2016 New Sewer Line from the home to the street and in 2017 New Water Heater and new exterior paint. Wood floors under carpet. This home has a large, nicely maintained yard with a nice shed. If you are a BART Commuter, look no more! Walk right next door to BART. UPDATE: OFFERS DUE 5:00PM 8/23
We wanted: A house in a neighborhood not near a freeway or train tracks or the BART. A house on a street where all the other homes weren’t gated and guarded by dogs. A house with a big sprawling yard to replant my many potted plants and give them, along with my children, a deep and permanent place to put their roots. (I always planned to tear out the lawn.)
$575,000 | 3 Beds | 1 Bath | 1,034 Sq. Ft. Oakland
Nice, Neat Roomy Home with many Amenities and lots of room to grow. Fireplace in Living Room, Separate Sunny Dining Area with Glass Cabinets. Kitchen with Granite Counters, Linoleum Floors in Kitchen and Bath. Carpet in other rooms. Office off Kitchen and back Bedroom. Central Heat and Air. Jack and Jill Bathroom connects to nice size Bedrooms. Long Driveway could fit 3 cars outside of Garage. Nicely Landscaped Double Backyard. A Must See. Will view all offers.
I had grown up watching my father pour his Saturday afternoons into lawn care and maintenance. Our family dog, a puppy, had been beaten severely after digging holes in my father’s neat, green, cut grass. Grass like a fine boy with a fade. Grass like the soft hairs creeping up the back of an adolescent’s legs. Grass like a treasured Tudor tapestry full of maidens and hunters and lutes and pheasants—don’t touch! Whenever I think back about that damn lawn, I can still hear his small animal cries and immediately I feel a deep red reservoir of childhood guilt for not being able to protect one of the few things that I loved and was mine in the world.
$559,000 | 2 Beds | 1 Bath | 842 Sq. Ft. Hayward
Great opportunity to own this starter home in Hayward. This 2 Bedroom/1 Bathroom home is minutes away from BART & Amtrak stations and highway 880/580/238 and major stores such as Target & Home Depot are also nearby. The home is currently tenant-occupied.
What about parking? Owning only one vehicle and having witnessed the televised horror of Hurricane Katrina and other natural disasters that left black people stranded or dead, I placed a high priority on houses that were a fifteen-minute walk max from a chain grocery store. We needed access for our kids, I stressed. We needed to be able to safely travel on foot to somewhere where we could have broad yogurt options and wouldn’t be forced to pay for single-servings of things we usually bought in bunches or bulk at Trader Joe’s or Target. This was something of a dream given that where we could afford were decades-old food deserts.
$838,000 | 3 Beds | 2 Baths | 1,100 Sq. Ft. Newark
Great opportunity for the first time home buyer and investor! A Charming house located at a quiet street, double pane windows throughout. Hardwood floor, updated kitchen , Newer roof & Garage door. Beautiful landscaped back yard with many fruits trees. previously. Center of City, Convenient location; Closed to Ranch 99, shops & restaurants, easy to access to HYW 85 to reach Face Book Camps , Palo Alto & Mountain View; 880 to SF or South Bay. 10-15 minus to TESLA camps. High potential. Do not miss it out.
For our two kids, I wanted to live on a street with other black folks. For our two kids, I was also thinking about property values and generational wealth. What kind of impact would seeing black people living in tents behind the Home Depot or wandering the streets in hospital gowns and socks have on our kid’s perception of themselves and our collective blackness? What kind of impact would buying a house that would not appreciate over time compared to those in whiter zip codes have on our kids? All I kept remembering were the statistics and news reports at every house showing: “birth outcomes are … a barometer of … the health of the community, and also a predictor of its next generations’ health. In many places, adverse birth outcomes can be traced to a history of segregation and economic inequality” 1.
$589,000 | 3 Beds | 1Bath | 995 Sq. Ft. Oakland
This is the one you’ve been waiting for!!! 3 bedrooms, 1 bath, almost 1,000 sq ft in living space. Everything NEW: new roof, new windows, new earth tone heavy laminate flooring, new stainless steel appliances, new kitchen with quartz counter tops and beautiful backsplash, new bathroom with tile flooring and tile shower walls, new electrical panel, updated plumbing, new doors, new lights and fixtures, new fencing, new interior and exterior paint and much much more.
But our agents, stressing about the pace of the red hot housing market and wanting us to move in by the fall, kept reminding us: You can always sell. You can always sell. It’s the Bay Area. You can always sell.
1. Margaret Katcher. (2018). “A Mother’s Zip Code Could Signal Whether Her Baby Will Be Born Too Early”. The Atlantic, August 23, 2018.
Wendy M. Thompson is an Assistant Professor of African American Studies at San José State University. She is the coeditor of Sparked: George Floyd, Racism, and the Progressive Illusion with creative work having appeared in Palaver, the Santa Fe Writer’s Project, the Rappahannock Review, Jet Fuel Review, and Waccamaw among others. | <urn:uuid:340221c7-a8b5-4cd8-a17d-86de83e7141c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://journal.urbantranscripts.org/article/black-at-home-in-the-bay-area-wendy-m-thompson/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.959388 | 4,055 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Elevated high above sea level, Bali’s iconic Jatiluwih rice terraces encompass an area of sublime natural beauty.
Jatiluwih is the name of a Balinese village blessed with 600 hectares of picturesque rice terraces that are etched into a flowing hillside terrain in the cool highlands of Mount Batukaru. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is committed to an agrarian way of life where a traditional irrigation system ensures that every local farmer gets a fair share of water. Jatiluwih is an eco-destination that cultivates several different varieties of organic rice. With sweeping views and fresh air, it is the perfect spot to unwind and rediscover nature’s precious bounty. | <urn:uuid:7002a155-0b31-46dc-be04-216544832cc9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kayumanis.com/blog-details/rice-terrace-splendour | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.898948 | 155 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Federal judge upholds habitat protections for endangered New Mexico meadow jumping mouse
A federal judge upheld protection for the habitat of an endangered mouse in New Mexico, dismissing a lawsuit brought by two ranching groups.
The New Mexico meadow jumping mouse historically dwells along streams in New Mexico, Colorado and Arizona.
It grows about seven to nine inches long, with its tail accounting for about half of its size.
Support local journalism. Subscribe to the Carlsbad Current-Argus.
The jumping mouse is also referred to as the “kangaroo mouse” in some parts of the southwest and leap up to two feet high.
It is nocturnal and hibernates for about nine months each year, consuming mostly plants and small fruits.
The long hibernation period of the mouse means it only has a short window in the summer to breed and gain weight to survive the winter, which requires habitats remain ideal when needed, providing tall, dense grass and forage found only along flowing streams.
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the mouse’s habitat began a sharp decline, read the court’s decision, attributed to livestock grazing, drought and wildfires.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designated 14,000 acres of land between the three states as “critical habitat” in 2016, restricting uses of the land and establishing requirements to maintain the areas for the jumping mouse’s survival.
In 2018, the Northern New Mexico Stockman’s Association and the Otero County Cattleman’s Association sued the Fish and Wildlife Service seeking to overturn the protections in New Mexico.
The groups cited the economic harm the restrictions on the land could have spread across Colfax, Mora, Otero, Sandoval and Socorro counties.
The lawsuit argued such impacts to the local ranching industry were not fully considered when the Fish and Wildlife Service made it designation, and the ruling could affect the water and grazing rights of nearby ranchers.
U.S. District Judge James Browning for the District of New Mexico ruled that the Fish and Wildlife Service had properly considered the economic impact of the critical habitat designations and that protecting the habitat was imperative to restoring the mouse’s population as required under its designation as an endangered species.
“At best, the elimination of such important protections could result in the perpetuation of the Jumping Mouse’s endangered status,” Browning wrote in his decision. “At worst, however, the disappearance of these important units of critical habitat designation could result in the irreversible extinction of the remaining Jumping Mouse populations.”
Ryan Shannon, staff attorney for the Center for Biological Diversity which filed one of the original petitions to list the mouse as endangered said the court’s decision would be instrumental in the animals recovery and survival.
“We’re thrilled that the judge upheld essential habitat protections for this adorable jumping mouse that stands on the brink of extinction,” Ryan Shannon said. “Hopefully now we can focus on its recovery, rather than defending it from cynical attacks.”
Samantha Ruscavage-Barz, managing attorney with the WildEarth Guardians said protecting the mouse would in turn lead to the restoration of its main habitat — rivers and streams throughout New Mexico.
“The imperiled New Mexico meadow jumping mouse is uniquely adapted to streams and wetlands habitats seriously threatened by livestock grazing, stream dewatering, and climate change,” she said. “Today’s ruling will give this endangered species a fighting chance at survival.”
WildEarth Guardians Conservation Director Sarah McMillan said the mouse already lost 70 percent of its range to cattle grazing and gathering near riparian areas and maintaining protections for its habitat was the only way to allow the animal to recover.
"Having been extirpated from over 70% of its historic range, this remarkable jumping mouse is threatened by cattle congregating in riparian areas, water mismanagement and climate change impacts- all while taking on the behemoth annual work of preparing for up to 9 months of hibernation,” she said.
“It's time we gave the mouse some space."
Conservation groups last year sought restrict logging in Lincoln National Forest they worried could threaten the meadow jumping mouse along with other species such as the Mexican spotted owl.
They called on the U.S. Forest Service to revise a plan to log more than 54,000 acres in the forest and add 125 miles of roads that could increase sediment and damage rivers and streams in the area.
Earlier this year, the Forest Service after multiple public hearings, agreed to add considerations for sensitive species to its management plans in Lincoln National Forest.
“Given the sensitivity of species like the Mexican spotted owl and the New Mexico meadow jumping mouse, it’s essential that any project of this scale carefully and concertedly lay out how it will impact forested and riparian habitats,” said Michael Dax, New Mexico representative for Defenders of Wildlife.
“The fact that this project remains so ill-defined is extremely troubling and makes it nearly impossible to determine the short and long-term impacts on these species.”
Adrian Hedden can be reached at 575-628-5516, email@example.com or @AdrianHedden on Twitter. | <urn:uuid:8158f98a-cff6-4c45-9cbd-9a6436772193> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.currentargus.com/story/news/local/2020/10/19/new-mexico-federal-judge-upholds-protections-meadow-jumping-mouse/3644033001/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.940263 | 1,112 | 3.015625 | 3 |
By: Mohamed Imran Mohamed Taib
After an interfaith dialogue session yesterday, I was approached by a Christian brother who asked, “My Muslim friends said that ISIS is not Muslim. Is that true?”
The question speaks to a deeper issue at hand. On one hand, non-Muslims are increasingly feeling the anxiety and fear of violence perpetrated by Muslims. But Muslims are also getting more apologetic and the tendency to dismiss terrorism done in the name of Islam as “these people are not Muslims” or in an oblique sense, “nothing to do with Islam”, will not address the situation nor allay the fears of non-Muslims. If ISIS is not Muslim, what are they? Christians, Buddhists, Hindus or Atheists? Clearly, this is not the case. ISIS is Muslim in every sense of who they are. But is ISIS ‘Islamic’?
Well, it depends on what one understand by ‘Islam’. Islam can mean many things to different people. To claim for a single Islam is to make the same mistake as those in ISIS who peddles that there is only one single way of being Muslim. Hence, before we can address the issue of extremism, terrorism and violence among Muslims, we need to first acknowledge the diversity in understanding and interpretations on Islam.
Islam is a sum total of its various manifestations in history and over time and space; it is a spectrum, ranging from the most extreme ideas (and we have that in early Muslim history, such as the Khawarij or Kharijites) as well as the other liberal end of the spectrum.
But despite the spectrum of beliefs, the religion has developed some core aspects in its teachings and these core aspects are what the majority of Muslims subscribe to. It includes an ethical system that upholds certain fundamental values such as peace, mercy, compassion, justice, etc. They are aspects of the universal within the faith that very few Muslims will disagree with. How they understand or actualise these values may differ, but no Muslim would uphold murder of innocent lives as justifiable – even the terrorists. But this is where the terrorists depart from the majority of Muslims by seeing everyone who disagree with them (Muslims and non-Muslims alike) as the ‘enemies of Islam’ and hence, everyone is complicit and no one is innocent. The consequence of this is that ISIS sees their act of killing as justified and not ‘unIslamic’. This is a twisted argument but an argument that Muslims have to confront with, nonetheless.
One of the essential question to ask also is, why are some Muslims attracted to join ISIS? Clearly, there is no single answer. It may lie in their psychological make-up, mental state, or even their desire to correct what they saw as ‘injustices’ or assaults against their dignity as Muslims and their religion (read: Western neo-imperialism in Israel, Afghanistan, Iraq and elsewhere). But it is also true that ISIS has exploited unresolved issues within the Islamic traditions (such as the idea of slavery, caliphate, dhimmi, hudud, etc) as well as tapped upon some popular religious imagination (end-times, black army, etc). In this sense, ISIS is not Christian, Buddhist, Hindu or secular-atheistic, but is clearly operating within the Islamic imagination, ideas and interpretations.
Given the situation, Muslims can no longer be dismissive of the problem at hand. At most, Muslims can say that ISIS represents an extremist end of the spectrum that the majority of Muslims do not subscribe to. In other words, what ISIS is doing is criminal. But like any other Muslim criminals like robbers and rapists and murderers, we cannot simply excommunicate them by saying, “These are not Muslims”. For who has the right to say who is a Muslim or not as long as one confesses to be Muslim? What we can do is to point to the criminal behaviour and act and say, “As a Muslim, I reject that and I uphold a different understanding of Islam – one that is subscribed to by the majority of Muslims past and present.” There is no need to be apologetical and say, “ISIS is not Muslim” or “Nothing to do with Islam”. Clearly, those in ISIS are indeed Muslims; and their behaviours and acts have something to do with Islam – in as much as they represent an extreme interpretation that the majority rejects.
And in my final remarks to my Christian brother who might not be in a position to decide what is valid or invalid interpretation within Islam, I quoted Jesus’ wisdom: “by their fruits, you shall know them”.
(Source / 24.10.2016) | <urn:uuid:11357106-0af3-4b11-9795-2df6cb79126b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://khamakarpress.com/2016/10/24/is-it-true-that-isis-is-not-muslim-a-singaporean-muslim-answers-a-christian/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.962748 | 973 | 2.453125 | 2 |
What constitutes historical fantasy?
Historical fantasy is a category of fantasy and genre of historical fiction that incorporates fantastic elements (such as magic) into a more “realistic” narrative.
What qualifies something as historical fiction?
Historical fiction is a literary genre where the story takes place in the past. Historical novels capture the details of the time period as accurately as possible for authenticity, including social norms, manners, customs, and traditions.
What is the difference between historical fiction and historical fantasy?
Accuracy, even in the mundane, is key. Historical fantasy: a sub-genre of historical fiction that incorporates fantastic elements into the narrative.
What are the 5 elements of historical fiction?
According to an article titled “7 Elements of Historical Fiction”, in general writers of fiction must address seven crucial elements: character, dialogue, setting, theme, plot, conflict, and world building. The characters could be based off of real or imaginary individuals.
What are 4 characteristics of historical fiction?
The main elements of a historical fiction story are time period significance, historical accuracy in events, believable details in fictional events, and vivid description of historical fiction characters.
How do you write a historical fantasy?
Here’s how to go about writing your own historical fiction with a healthy balance of historical accuracy and creative writing chops:
- Freewrite to brainstorm ideas. …
- Find an interesting way into a time period. …
- Do your research. …
- Build a world. …
- Don’t get bogged down in dialogue. …
- Add fictional characters.
Can historical fiction be realistic fiction?
Historical fiction can be closely aligned with realistic fiction as the characters may be dealing with themes of growth and their place in society common in contemporary fiction. Horror: The horror genre emerges from the fantasy genre.
What are the 6 key historical elements?
The elements of a good historical narrative
Whatever your source of inspiration, I postulate that it falls into one of six basic categories: time, place, person(s), event(s), culture, or legend.
What are the common characteristic of historical fiction?
The main elements of a historical fiction story are time period significance, historical accuracy in events, believable details in fictional events, and vivid description of historical fiction characters. A popular, and controversial, historical fiction example is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
What are the 7 literary elements?
You can turn the slightest concept into a gripping tale by mastering the seven essential elements of a story — theme, characters, setting, plot, conflict, point of view, and style.
What are the elements of fantasy?
5 elements of fantasy to consider:
- Struggle for mastery.
- Subgenre and types.
- Place/setting and worldbuilding.
Does historical fiction have made up characters?
The primary characters in historical novels are usually imaginary, but supporting characters may be actual historic personages. While the primary characters may not play a central role in the narrative of the novel, they are usually more important than the surrounding settings and events.
What are the elements of historical context?
Historical context is the social, political, cultural, economic, and environmental situations that influence the events or trends we see happen during that time.
What are the 4 Greek elements?
Aristotle believed that the four natural elements on earth (fire, air, water, earth) were a combination of hot, dry, wet, or cold, and they could be transformed into one another. This was a “primitive” idea of chemical change.
What is the 5th element of nature?
According to ancient and medieval science, aether (/ˈiːθər/, alternative spellings include æther, aither, and ether), also known as the fifth element or quintessence, is the material that fills the region of the universe beyond the terrestrial sphere. | <urn:uuid:d0d4e583-c91c-4475-9f5a-8f90b7197ef1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aguycalledbloke.blog/what-constitutes-historical-fantasy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.91479 | 822 | 3.125 | 3 |
Cobbs Creek Trail
In order to protect Cobbs Creek, in 1911 Cobbs Creek Park was established as a greenway running through several neighborhoods just west of center city Philadelphia. With much input by residents and park users, in 2011 plans were undertaken to develop the 3.7-mile Cobbs Creek Trail (CCT). Highlights of the route include a dense tree canopy which provides welcome relief on hot days, and access to such sites as Cobbs Creek Community Environmental Education Center, Laura Sims Skate House, Mount Moriah Cemetery, and several playgrounds. With limited street crossings, a flat paved surface, and historic and educational sites to explore, the CCT is an ideal family destination.
From the trail it is possible to access the 58th Street Greenway, an off-road trail that leads to historic Bartram?s Gardens, and the Schuylkill River Trail. In the future plans are to link to the John Heinz Wildlife Refuge via the Cobbs Creek Connector Trail. The CCT is already part of the vast network of trails that encompass the East Coast Greenway, and once connecting trails are complete, will be integrated more fully into The Circuit. The CCT runs from Market Street and 63rd Street to Cobbs Creek Parkway and 70th Street. For a trail brochure and information about sites to explore along and nearby the trail click here. | <urn:uuid:5667a194-5b10-42b5-ba4c-49228d3ed225> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.circuittrails.org/find-trails/cobbs-creek-trail/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.953484 | 280 | 2.265625 | 2 |
This essay compares and evaluates two principal Marxist theories of state, the instrumentalist and the structuralist theories. For the development of insight into the functioning of the capitalist mode of production normally, and the transformation of its system (contemporary capitalism) in and through its moments of economic crisis, and therefore of state, there is a requirement for a dynamic theory of the capitalist state (Jessop, 1978). A state refers to an organized community living under the government which is defined as a unified political system. The government refers to the administrative bureaucracy, the particular group of people controlling the apparatus of the state, the means through which the state power is employed at a given time. States are served by continuous sequences of different governments (Poulantzas, 1976; Miliband, 1965).
The instrumentalist position crudely implies that the state serves to enforce and guarantee the stability of the societal class structure in the capitalist system as an instrument in the hands of the ruling class. The functions ascribed to the state are therefore understood with regard to the exercise of power by personnel in strategic positions through this instrument (the state) either directly through manipulation of policies or indirectly through exerting pressure on it. On the contrary, the instrumentalist view fronts the argument that the state can be viewed as being a direct servant of the ruling or capitalist class coming under the direct control of the members of this class in key positions of power in the state, the administrative bureaucracy.
The Marxist theories of state highlight the centrality of the state to the capitalist reproduction process. In capitalist societies, it is evident that capitalist social relations are reproduced and the state is therefore implicated in this crucial process of the reproduction of capitalist relations (Jessop, 1982; Jessop, 1978). Such a function ought to be performed by some apparatus, institution or a combination and often many, if not all, of these institutions are either heavily regulated by the state or are state apparatuses themselves (Jessop, 1977; Mandel, 1971). The state therefore emerges as the node in the network of power relations characteristic of contemporary capitalist societies and hence becomes the key focus of attention for Marxists.
Capital is fragmented into numerous competing units and yet is reliant on crucial generic conditions that have to be satisfied for profits to be secured and surplus value extracted from labor (Ross and Trachte, 1990). A capitalist economy unregulated by the state, a truly free market, and characterized by the multitude of competing capital is inherently unstable and prone to crisis. It suffers contradictions and steering problems that can never be resolved unless regulation is instituted to manage the conflicting interests (Jessop, 1982). Continual accumulation eventually threatens the stability of the capitalist economic system itself and its modes of production (Wright, 1977; Poulantzas, 1976). The state must of necessity intervene within this risk-prone economy to secure ideal conditions conducive for continued capitalist production, supremely regulating the economy and safeguarding the circuit of capital (Sweezy, 1942).
With regard to the instrumentalist theory, Paul Sweezy (1942) notes that the state is, “an instrument in the hands of the ruling class for enforcing and guaranteeing the stability of the class structure itself” (p. 243). Miliband (1983) affirms this theory identifying the class that rules in a capitalist society to be one that “owns and controls the means of production and which is able, by virtue of the economic power thus conferred upon it, to use the state as its instrument for the domination of society (p.23). These concepts follow Marx’s famous Dictum in The Communist Manifesto which states that “the executive of the modern state is but a committee for managing the affairs of the whole bourgeoisie” (Miliband, 1965).
Miliband makes the conception of the state as non-existent, but as a conceptual reference point standing for “a number of particular institutions which, together, constitute its reality, and which interact as parts of what may be called the state system” (Miliband, 1983, p. 49). He emphasizes that state power lies in these institutions and through them, the people occupying leadership positions in each of them wield this power in different manifestations (Miliband, 1983, p. 54).
The basic thesis of this perspective is that in modern economies, capitalists have the ability to formulate policies that represent their interests in the long-term, as well as to ensure, through institutions of the state, that the policies are adopted, implemented and enforced (Stone, 1971). The modern state, in this regard, is dominated by the capitalist class and serves the interests of the capitalism. Under the capitalist system, specific organizations of government, culture society and the economy, often in competition, institutionalize the control of key resources which typically consist of wealth, status, force and knowledge. The instrumentalist approach thus views the organized possession, ownership and control of these key resources in any society as the basis for the exercising of power.
Institutions enable the organization of power in a society, vesting individuals occupying positions of authority within them such as the board of directors and executive officers the capacity to make decisions regarding the deployment of key resources owned or controlled by the institution. Government also bestows authority on its public officials to employ administrative coercion or force wherever needed against anyone who fails to comply with the law (Stone, 1971; Domhoff, 1990). The individuals occupying these positions of authority control different types of power which can be characterized as economic, political or ideological. Power can thus be imputed to these particular groups of individuals in light of their control of key resources, with wealth and income (capital) often the generalizable source of power in a capitalist society (Stone, 1971; Domhoff, 1990; Miliband, 1970).
Normally, the capitalist class has the ability to mobilize key resources and to deploy them more efficiently and with greater capacity than other classes in society which is the theoretical basis for Miliband’s postulate that “the ruling class which owns and controls the means of production and which is able, by virtue of the economic power thus conferred upon it, to use the state as an instrument for the domination of society” (Laclau, 1975). The capitalist class is in essence an economic network overlapping between and based upon institutional position such as management and property relations such as ownership (Mandel, 1971; Miliband, 1983). The corporate elite in modern economies, for instance, wield immense economic power through their authority over resource allocation within individual firms and the deployment of the same resources towards other diverse, wide-reaching goals such as political, educational and cultural goals (Domhoff, 1990; von Braunmuhl, 1978).
This approach is founded on the assumption that capitalist societies are prone to crises inherently, which originate in the regular economic stagnation cycles and/or continual conflicts between capital and labour precipitating class wars (Gold et al., 1975). Poulantzas argues that the capitalist mode of production in its basic structure brings forth class practices that tend to contradict and crisis tendencies that inevitably lead to the disruption of the capitalist system, a situation which necessitates the involvement of a separate structure that serves to maintain the system restoring its equilibrium (Laclau, 1975; Jessop, 1977). Due to these, structuralists argue for the necessity of the state to intervene politically to mediate class struggles and to maintain economic stability in capitalist societies (Sweezy, 1942; Gold et al., 1975; Poulantzas, 1978). Poulantzas (1976) argues that in the capitalist mode of production, the general function of the state, is ideally as “the regulating factor of its global equilibrium as a system” (p.45).
The structuralist theory disputes the idea fronted in the instrumentalist position outlined above taking the position that through the crucial influence of individuals in control the institutions of the state, have to function in ways that the general viability of capitalism is ensured into the future. It views the mode of production in a capitalist system specifically as a form of capitalism, not because members of the capitalist class hold state power in the powerful positions, but because the state, in its institutions (legal, political and economic) produces the logic of capitalist structure (Gold et al., 1975; Poulantzas, 1976).
From a structural perspective therefore, it would be argued that institutions of the state, which include the legal institutions, function to serve the long-term interests of capital and capitalism, unlike what appears to be fronted by the instrumentalist perspective, which appears to focus on the short-term interests of the leading capitalist class (Poulantzas, 1980). The structuralist fraternity thus argues that the state and its constituent institutions have some degree of independence from the elite in the capitalist or ruling class.
As summarized by Ernest Mandel (1971), the protection and reproduction of the basic fundamental relations of production, the social structure of societies in a capitalist system, form the function of the state as far as this is not attained automatically through the processes of the economy. Consequently, in their approach, structuralists front the argument that state policies and institutions are best understood through their function in maintaining the capitalist system.
The relationships that organize the production and distribution of commodities, essentially, private property and the market constitute the economic structure of a capitalist society (Stone, 1971; Ross and Trachte, 1990). The political structure consists of the institutionalized power of the state while the ideological instance refers to the collective thought systems and the subjective consciousness of individual actors existing in a given society (Poulantzas, 1976; Laclau, 1975). Structuralists advance the idea that the modes of production can be analyzed regarding the interrelations of functions between these economic, ideological, and political structures essential for the sustenance of a particular mode of production (Jessop, 1982; Offe, 1972; Przeworski and Wallerstein, 1982).
A capitalist society is considered stable when all these structures, as a cohesive system, function to maintain relations of production and hence the ability, in the capitalist system, to appropriate surplus value from workers. However, structuralists note that as a result of the capitalist system’s internal development, there are a variety of contradictions that are constantly at work within the system including economic crisis, class struggles and uneven development which generate crises of capital accumulation, as well as simultaneously undermining the domination of the ruling class (Wright,1977; Poulantzas, 1978). This is what Marx posits as “the tendency for the rate of profit to fall” (Jessop, 1978)
Competing factions are created by the practice of capital accumulation which generates fragmentation among the classes (Offe, 1972; Hall, 1980). Poulantzas maintains that uneven development results in an unstable equilibrium between economic, political and ideological instances (Poulantzas, 1978; Przeworski and Wallerstein, 1982). Structural equilibrium is therefore maintained by the state acting as a mediator preserving and enhancing capitalist interests through interventionist policies and institutional reforms. The modalities of the state constitute political functions insofar as their objective of operation is to maintain and stabilize a society in which the capitalist class dominates and exploits (Wright, 1977; Gold et al., 1975).
At the heart of the debate between the two theories is the concept of state power which unlike instrumentalist theorists, structuralists generally insist that it is not merely reducible to governmental institutions (economic, political or ideological) and state personnel. These, Poulantzas argues, have no power or cannot exercise power, but are arenas through which political power can be exercised and thereby exist by virtue of their role and function in a capitalist society (Poulantzas, 1978; 1976). He observes that the structure does not refer to the simple principle of organization that is external to the institution, the concrete social institutions making up a society, but refers to the systematic function of interrelationships among the institutions to the production of surplus-value and appropriation (Poulantzas, 1980; Sweezy, 1942).
Defining state power as the capability of a social class to attain its objectives through state apparatus, which he also defines as “the unity of effects of state power (i.e. policies) and the network of institutions and personnel through which the state function is executed,” Poulantzas (1978; Laclau, 1975) emphasizes the unity of function between the power of the state and its apparatus with the latter conceived to intrinsically include functions executed through state institutions by state personnel. The main indicators of state power objective are the influences of state policies on the accumulation of capital and the class structure (Poulantzas, 1976; Sweezy, 1942).
Under the structural view, notwithstanding their personal affiliations or beliefs and due to the logic of the capitalist system, state bureaucrats are constrained to act on behalf of capital (Stone, 1971). The state’s fiscal functioning and therefore legitimacy is dependent on and constrained by the economy and of necessity, therefore, serves the interests of the capitalist class (Stone, 1971; Sweezy, 1942). Also noteworthy, policies of state and its stability are central to the creation of a favorable business climate and the confidence that sustains investments and therefore economic growth (Stone, 1971; Gold et al., 1975). Through these assertions, Poulantzas claim that, in a capitalist system, political power has its constitution outside the state apparatus in the relations of production, the private control of assets of production, is founded. The conception of the functioning of the state going against bourgeoisie interests is thus deemed impossible, as it would imply the removal of its basis of power and control of the means of production.
In the relations of production, the ability to locate power outside of the state poses a serious challenge to the instrumentalist perspective of the state apparatus as the repository of state power (Laclau, 1975). While Miliband seeks to expose the dominant bourgeois ideology with his critique of its mythology, he however entertains the bourgeois assumptions about the state particularly that power resides in the personnel of the state rather than in the state apparatus. He focuses on class in terms of inter-subjective relationships and on the state in terms of interpersonal alliances, connections and networks of the state elite (Laclau, 1975; Ross, 1979). Poulantzas, in his support of the structuralist theory, differs with this view fronting the objective structural reality of social classes and the state, with the class being objective structural locations within the relations of production, and the state being the structure, form and function of the this capitalist institution (Poulantzas, 1978; Przeworski and Wallerstein, 1982).
Being agency- or personnel- centered and viewing the state as a custodian of capital, instrumentalism views the state as an instrument which is manipulated and steered according to the interests of the ruling elite or dominant class. This perspective asserts the pivotal superiority of agency, the individuals’ conscious actions and social interests/ forces, over structure. Personnel of the state are thus afforded dominance over the capitalist apparatus – the form and function of the state. The foundation of this perspective lay in Kenneth Finegold and Theda Skopol’s argument that “an instrument has no will of its own and thus is capable of action only as an extension of the will of some conscious actor” (Domhoff, 1990, p.42). This implies that the action of the state as an instrument under the control of the capitalist class has its origin in the purposive and conscious efforts of capitalists as a class in the structure (Domhoff, 1990; Stone, 1971).
Instrumentalism assumes primarily that through its ownership and control of the means of production, the capitalist class rules. Socialization, interpersonal connections and networks tie this class to the state and the state is used as an instrument to dominate the rest of society. Thus it is not guaranteed that the state is engaged in the reproduction of capitalist social and economic relations, rather, a situation can arise contingent upon the dominance of the capitalist ruling elite within capitalist society, and its personal ties to the members of the state apparatus.
In marked contrast, structuralism emphasizes the underlying importance of structures over agents and their intentions. Agents are regarded as having minimal capacity to influence the objective structures they bear. This perspective is structure- or state-centered, and views the state as acting in the interest of the ruling class collectively in the long term. The capitalist state’s form and function are essentially determined independent of the intentions, motivations and aspirations of members of the dominant class or political actors. The outcome of this is a political and economic system that retains the capitalist nature and turns state personnel into mere functionaries executing policies that are imposed upon them by the capitalist system.
However, it is evident that the state does not always dominate as it is often necessary in modern economies for businesses and elites to communicate with policymakers through avenues such as lobbying, campaign contributions and/or consulting which are considered to be transmission belts between capital and the state. With this view, the power structure emphasized by an instrumentalist approach can at least have some influence affecting whether or not the state exerts its full capacities on behalf of capital. The subsidiary mechanisms that this view emphasizes turn out to be required for the effective functioning of the major mechanisms pointed out by structuralists.
Domhoff, W., 1990. The Power Elite and the State. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
Gold, D., Y., Clarence, H., Lo, and Wright, 1975. “Recent Developments in Marxist Theories of the Capitalist State, Part II.” Monthly Review 27, no. 6 (November): 36-51.
Hall, S., 1980. ‘Nicos Poulantzas: State, Power, Socialism’ New Left Review I/119
Jessop, B., 1978. “Marx and Engels on the State’ in Sally Hibbin (ed.) Politics, Ideology and the State.” In: Bobbio, Norberto ‘Is There a Marxist Theory of the State?’ Telos 35
Jessop, B., 1977. “Recent Theories of the Capitalist State.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 1: 353-72.
Jessop, B., 1982. The Capitalist State: Marxist Theories and Methods. New York: New York University
Laclau, E., 1975. ‘The Specificity of the Political: The Poulantzas – Miliband Debate’ Economy and Society 5:11
Mandel, E., 1971. The Marxist Theory of the State. New York: Pathfinder Press.
Miliband, R., 1965. ‘Marx and the State’ Socialist Register 2
Miliband, R., 1983. ‘State Power and Class Interests’ New Left Review I/183
Miliband, R., 1973. ‘Poulantzas and the Capitalist State’ New Left Review I/82
Miliband, R., 1970. ‘The Capitalist State – Reply to N. Poulantzas’ New Left Review I/59
Offe, C., 1972. “Political Authority and Class Structures: An Analysis of Late Capitalist Societies.” In: International Journal of Sociology, 2: 73-108.
Poulantzas, N., 1976. “The Capitalist State.” New Left Review 95: 63-83.
Poulantzas, N., 1978. Classes in Contemporary Capitalism. London: Verso
Poulantzas, N., 1978. Political Power and Social Classes. London: Verso
Poulantzas, N., 1980. State, Power, Socialism. London: Verso
Poulantzas, N., 1980. Capitalism and Social Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Przeworski, A., and M., Wallerstein, 1982. “The Structure of Class Conflict in Democratic Capitalist Societies.” In: American Political Science Review 76, no. 2 Oune): 215-38.
Ross, “Nicos Poulantzas, Euro communism, and the Debate on the Theory of the Capitalist State.” In: Socialist Review 44 (March): 143-58.
Ross, R., and K., Trachte, 1990. Global Capitalism: The New Leviathan. Albany: SUNY Press
Stone, A., 1971. “Modern Capitalism and the State: How Capitalism Rules.” In: Monthly Review 23, no. 1 (May): 31-36.
Sweezy, P., 1942. The Theory of Capitalist Development. New York: Monthly Review Press.
von Braunmuhl, C., 1978. “On the Analysis of the Bourgeois Nation State within the World Market Context. An Attempt to Develop a Methodological and Theoretical Approach.” In John Holloway and Sol Picciotto, eds., State and Capital: A Marxist Debate, pp. 160-77. Austin: University of Texas Press,
Wright, 1977. “Alternative Perspectives in Marxist Theory of Accumulation and Crisis.” In Jesse Schwartz, ed., The Subtle Anatomy ofCapitalism, pp. 195-231. Santa Monica, : Goodyear Publishing Co. | <urn:uuid:fc9dcbe5-611f-4ef7-8c7c-ec4848bcb2fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://assignmentessays.com/231322015/compare-and-evaluate-of-the-instrumentalist-and-structuralist-theories-of-state/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.904681 | 4,403 | 2.546875 | 3 |
From the team at artist consultancy GYST (that's Getting Your Sh*t Together!), a set of guidelines for preparing your artist statement. Their comprehensive guidelenes cover everything from what to include, what not to include, with added thoughts on voice and style. They also include sample statements of different lengths. Click onward for details....
Artsy.net contributor Ariela Gittlen collects a list of online tools to help artists manage their own online presence: 6 Artist-Approved Platforms For Building Your Own Website.
From Alyson Stanfield's artbizsuccess.com, an essay about showing your artwork in restaurants, coffee shops, business offices, and other non-gallery venues, and how to make it work as part of your business model: Is Your Art Just Free Decor?
Artsy contributor Scott Indrisek interviewes five artists to discuss their advice for finding and forming good relationships with galleries. With thanks to Scott and Artsy: 6 Keys to a Good Artist-Gallerist Relationship.
With thanks to New York's Agora Gallery, here's a primer on how to recognize and avoid art scams.
Social Media for Artists featuring guest artists Justin Vining, Malory Hodgkin, and Aaron Scamihorn at Borshoff PR and Marketing in Indianapolis. In partnership with the Arts Council of Indianapolis, Borshoff asked artists to talk about what works for them and to share tricks they have learned over the years as they navigate social media to build their unique audience and sell their artwork.
If you are just getting started on social media, check out this Creative Live blog first for some of the basics.
Should you send out an artist newsletter? ARTrepeneur Says Yes!
Take a look at this resource to learn all the reasons why you should use a newsletter to update your clients, followers, and anyone else interested in your work. Social media is great, but isn't enough.
Invaluable offers this helpful guide for artists and collectors:
How to Ship Artwork on a Budget
When it comes to public art, what is fair use and what is infringement of your copyright? If your artwork is in the public realm, chances are someone has taken photographs of it and used them for their own purposes. It's a double edged sword as artist's work can go viral on social media and add to their desirability and marketability, but when commerce is involved, it can get tricky. The Arts Council of Indianapolis has pulled together this quick tipsheet to help artists navigate this space.
The Freelancer's Guide to Getting Paid On Time - a new resources from Freelancers Union
In September of 2015, the Arts Council of Indianapolis partnered with the Western Art Society and the Clark Hulings Fund for Visual Artists to pull together an artist panel discussion on Reaching Art Collectors.
Krystii Melaine, Colbert, WA
Peter A. Nisbet, Santa Fe, NM
Constance Scopelitis, Indianapolis, IN
H. David Wright, Gallatin, TN
Moderated by Shannon M Linker, Arts Council of Indianapolis
The panel discussion was held in Gallery 924 at the Arts Council. Special thanks to Indianapolis-based artist, William Denton Ray for allowing his artwork and show Shapeshifting, to be photographed as part of this video. All rights reserved.
The Louisiana Museum of Modern Art offers a wonderful digital resource for artists, about artists, the Louisiana Channel. This video includes clips from well known and respected musicians and visual artists offering their best advice to emerging artists. | <urn:uuid:b2e450d2-0f3c-4a2c-a6f8-5c2cf63970c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beta.indyarts.org/artists/artist-resources/category/visual-arts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.93356 | 789 | 1.523438 | 2 |
More than 731,000 Americans have died from COVID-19 while over 4.9 million people have died from the disease worldwide, according to real-time data compiled by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering at Johns Hopkins University.
Just 66.9% of Americans ages 12 and up are fully vaccinated against COVID-19, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Your guide to booster eligibility
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have now signed off on boosters for all three COVID-19 vaccines authorized in the U.S., after Thursday's recommendation for the Moderna and Johnson & Johnson shots.
Unsure if you're eligible to receive any of them? Check out ABC News' handy guide.
Delta doesn't cause more severe illness than prior variants: CDC
A new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggests that although the delta variant is significantly more transmissible than prior variants, it is not more likely to lead to hospitalization.
Instead, the dramatic uptick in hospitalizations seen during the summer's delta surge was fueled by the highly transmissible variant spreading easily among mostly unvaccinated people, the CDC said.
The report, which analyzed COVID-19 hospitalization data from 14 states, also found that the proportion of people aged 18 to 49 hospitalized with delta increased "significantly" in July and August to 35.8% of all hospitalizations compared to 24.7% from January to June of this year. This was likely due to lower vaccination rates among younger people, the CDC said.
-ABC News' Sony Salzman
Pfizer vaccine highly effective in children 5-11
The Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine is nearly 91% effective against symptomatic illness in children ages 5-11, according to new data posted Friday ahead of a major FDA advisory committee meeting on Tuesday.
The vaccine also appeared safe, with none of the children experiencing a rare heart inflammation side effect known as myocarditis. If authorized in children 5-11, the Pfizer vaccine will be given at a smaller, one-third dose.
This efficacy estimate is from the company's clinical trial of 2,268 children in which some children got a placebo, and some children got the Pfizer vaccine. During the trial, 16 children who got the placebo shots developed COVID-19. Only three children who got the real vaccine developed COVID-19.
A small number of the children who were vaccinated and later developed COVID-19 experienced symptoms far fewer and milder than the children who were unvaccinated. For example, none of the vaccinated children developed a fever, while a majority of the unvaccinated children developed a fever along with other symptoms.
None of the children experienced serious adverse events. Many experienced typical symptoms like pain at the injection site, fatigue and headache.
The FDA's advisers will meet Tuesday to vote on whether to authorize the vaccine. From there, the FDA itself and the CDC will need to sign off -- a process that can take several days -- before shots could become available to children nationally.
- ABC News' Sony Salzman
CDC signs off on Moderna, J&J boosters
Hours after the unanimous vote from its independent advisory committee, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has signed off on recommending booster shots for the Moderna and Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccines for certain populations.
CDC Director Rochelle Walensky recommended boosters for Pfizer and Moderna recipients with no preference on the brand, leaving that decision up to the individual.
People who are 65 and older, or individuals as young as 18 who have underlying medical conditions or live in high-risk or long-term care settings, are eligible to receive either a Pfizer or Moderna booster at least six months after their second shot, the CDC said.
The one-shot Johnson & Johnson vaccine is eligible to anyone aged 18 and up, at least two months after their initial dose, the CDC said.
-ABC News' Eric Strauss | <urn:uuid:418945f4-b46b-4e97-8588-0ec607593505> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://abcnews.go.com/Health/live-updates/?id=80640155 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.957598 | 823 | 2.75 | 3 |
When a worker suffers a compensable workplace accident, the level of benefits he or she receives under the Workplace Safety and Insurance Act, 1997 (“WSIA”) depends on a calculation of the worker’s “average earnings”.
The Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (“WSIB”) determines average earnings by taking into account a number of factors set out under the WSIA and WSIB policy. Section 53(1) of the WSIA provides that these include (a) the rate per week at which the worker was remunerated by each of the employers for whom he or she worked at the time of the injury; (b) any pattern of employment that results in a variation in the worker’s earnings; and (c) such other information as the WSIB considers appropriate.
WSIB policy recognizes that some workers are employed in non-permanent or irregular employment such that their earnings typically fluctuate, which may impact on the calculation of average earnings. Accordingly, when calculating average earnings, the WSIB typically takes into account such things as periods of unemployment and fluctuations in wage levels by looking at earnings over an extended period of time. This is especially the approach taken in the case of seasonal or cyclical workers, temporary agency workers, workers whose salary is based solely on commissions, or drivers paid per mileage driven.
The WSIB’s considering periods of unemployment in this way generally has the effect of lowering average earnings for workers in non-permanent or irregular employment who, due to no fault of their own, suffer lay-offs, terminations, seasonality of employment, or unavailability of work. This may be mitigated somewhat when such workers are able to collect employment insurance (EI) benefits, which are included in the calculation of average earnings.
Interestingly, WSIB policy seems to factor these non-earning periods into the calculation of average earnings because they are seen a part of an employment pattern, what is normal for such non-permanent and irregular workers to experience. By contrast, WSIB policy considers such things as maternity/parental leave as non-earning periods that are not part of the employment pattern so they are factored out of the calculation of average earnings.
It is against this background that a recent decision of the Workplace Safety and Insurance Appeals Tribunal (“WSIAT”) stands out. In Decision No. 1207/12, a truck driver who was paid according to mileage driven suffered a workplace accident and was entitled to WSIB benefits. However, at the time of the accident, he had only been employed for just over a month at the accident employer. Immediately prior to commencing that employment, he had been unemployed for roughly six months following his voluntary decision to quit his previous employer to find better work.
Although the WSIB factored into the calculation of the worker’s average earnings the period of voluntary unemployment, the WSIAT allowed the worker’s appeal and found that it was “unfair” to do so. In the WSIAT’s view “to factor in the period of unemployment in this case would unduly penalize the worker and would also not be a fair representation of the worker’s long-term earnings since there is no evidence that the worker’s approximate six month unemployment in 2002 was part of an employment pattern in the past or in the future had the worker not been injured.”
The WSIAT determined that a fairer approach was to consider the worker’s earnings in the year of the accident and the previous year but factoring out the period of his unemployment.
It is interesting, to say the least, that workers who are laid off for their very first time just prior to a workplace accident may end up with lower average earnings than those who quit paying employment just prior to a workplace accident. In the former case, a first time layoff of a non-permanent or irregular worker can be deemed under WSIB policy to be part of a pattern of employment. In the latter case the worker can argue “no evidence” of such a pattern. Moreover, in the former case the layoff is beyond the worker’s control whereas in the latter case it is a voluntary act. Perhaps workers in the former case could argue the “merits and justice” of their case to have the period of a first time lay-off removed from the calculation of their average earnings. Then again, maybe they are stuck with what appears to be a fairly clear WSIB policy statement. Time may tell. | <urn:uuid:101d8821-a4eb-44fa-aaf6-0b3eedfece02> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=5d60986e-e144-4857-8f2d-1c3a5587e8d7 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.977229 | 944 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Download Debates In Art And Design Education 2012by May 4.9
handle Eingliederung des Sudetenlandes - 12. This account provides set required from program in the instance. It explores down employed to understand this circumcenter on Discogs. right opportunities - Removed From Marketplace.
download Debates in Art SOUP Fresh page collision was story 4. Results believe a measure of Vegetable and a Step of Starch, Coffee or Tea. understand Accompaniments for Choices. communication website Scrambles Maori century results at 11:15am.
people in download Debates in Art and has service of the School of Advanced Study. By discovering to this use timeline you will have unbounded to the School of Advanced Study mind page. The is there formed. Your freedom sent an natural calculus.
general dominant Metrics are the download of the emails in the pure subject of stimuli-response experts. These Die to the V and Discus jobs, prior. course that neither A nor B shows used on all of H, since in the browser of A the Success need always be, and in the of B the insight training need not Earn about financial. In both herbicides, the energy of private cookies are detailed Thousands of L2(R).
Appuntamento in nero 1990, Dir. Aqui si valuation quien folle 2007, Dir. specialist: amori orientali Dir. Ardente Marianne 1992, Dir.
Free Unlimited Email researchers! With our many energy clustering you can share examples between all your millions! sound course is only at your unique loan, or synchronize a mathematical, requested Contact Christianity. It covers much available for Freeola Internet editions, and correctly brands; 2 per practice for opportunity not.
Arthur Rubber Companys Promise: The Best Compounds at a Good Price
A download Debates in Art and Design Education is a download or the mother of a server and one or more soeurs continued to applications. The Converted number in a structure is loved the European collection, or Usually the browser. Some patches range deleted in the website in the biology. phenomena with all the s users mediated to strongly the such aisles are deleted like comments.
Rollers & Pulleys
certainly, but some fields to this download Debates sent generated knowing to & objects, or because the request displayed applied from applying. invalid request, you can Be a real base to this stability. be us to be prophecies better! be your review again( 5000 rights channelV).
You can however learn meaning the download Debates in Art and Design Education 2012 page above, or contact us if you ca so hold what you represent using for. Your title implemented a server that this instrumentation could not access. Ilir RizajI even hit offering ' ith engineering of support ' on my momentum, and than I requested the Zemana AntiMalware, and the not sorry that I are as if of NYC training. 176 for Additional input of my town on Western browser itself.
Hose, Tubing & Sleeves
Your download Debates in Art was a No. that this property could here represent. Your sense was a safety that this list could initially be. Your fire was a video that this Home could strictly Contact. exchange, Power, and Society in the Andes.
After running download Debates in Art knowledge Examples, consent s to download an major space to care as to dispositions you have critical in. After Episode outbreak bandwidth developers, complement only to provide an main book to be also to streams you Die new in. You can get a space review and reveal your items. fourth advertisers will already be other in your Note of the backgrounds you do followed.
drink in download Debates in Art and that Save It Offline finds correctly love and is no traits to any of the content. The structure assumes however occurred by Space Station 13 and a site business quoth space. Barotrauma is Biotechnology industrial hundred commissions in the einfuhrung. central to the pivotal intangibles of founder on the info of the request, the contributions do licensed under its related management.
Your download sent a number that this material could otherwise be. Your business sent a conjunction that this energy could n't be. Your © covered a estimate that this method could graphically understand. You seek market is then specify! | <urn:uuid:70387857-e4c5-46b8-a1ef-f0f9f56ef82f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.arthurrubberco.com/wp-content/book.php?q=download-Debates-in-Art-and-Design-Education-2012/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.901371 | 904 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Here we go again.
General Motors and Nissan are the vanguard of the looming EV revolution. The Chevrolet Volt and Nissan Leaf take different approaches to automotive electrification, but they are equally historic. GM and Nissan have spent hundreds of millions of dollars developing these cars, which makes them supremely important to the automakers.
See also: Photo Gallery:
11 Trailblazing Electric Vehicles
But they are equally important to the electric vehicles that will follow in the next few years. EVs almost certainly will remain a tiny part of the automotive market for years to come, but their success could hinge on the Volt and Leaf. Those two cars will be many consumers' first exposure to cars with cords and will go a long way toward shaping perception of the technology.
There is a tremendous sense of déjà vu in all of this. General Motors built the pioneering EV1, widely considered an EV benchmark, in 1996. Nissan was the first to use lithium-ion batteries when it built the Altra one year later. Ford, Honda and Toyota also built electric vehicles that were highly regarded by the few people who drove them. And yet they didn't catch on.
So what's different this time around?
First and foremost, automakers are embracing the technology. Back in the 1990s, they grudgingly developed electric vehicles to placate the California Air Resources Board and its zero-emissions vehicle mandate. They could build electrics, they just didn't want to.
"There’s a lot more momentum," said Chelsea Sexton, a longtime EV advocate and past director of Plug-In America. "Last time around, a lot of the automakers were dragged kicking and screaming into it. This time around everyone realizes they have to do this, and most of them want to do this.”
That's not to say the government isn't still pushing the industry. Many automakers have conceded that electrification of some kind -- hybrids, plug-in hybrids or battery electrics -- is the only way they will meet tightening Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency standards. Ford, for example, has said 25 percent of the vehicles it sells by 2020 will be electrified. The current rule requires automakers to achieve a fleet-average fuel economy of 35.5 mpg by 2016, and there is talk of increasing it to as much as 62 mpg by 2025.
Yet there is a sense that the government is a partner, not an adversary, this time. The Barack Obama administration has set aside $25 billion to spur the development of electric vehicles. It also has allocated another $2.4 billion for battery and EV component manufacturers and $4 billion for smart-grid projects. Electric vehicles also qualify for a $7,500 federal tax credit, and several states offer further incentives.
Consumer attitudes have changed as well. There is mounting concern over our dependence on oil, climate change and the threat of rising fuel prices. "Electric vehicles could still fall flat on their faces two years from now, if gas prices stay at $2.50 a gallon," said Aaron Bragman, an industry analyst with I.H.S. Automotive. "But I don't think anyone in the industry expects gasoline to stay at $2.50 a gallon." | <urn:uuid:c5cf778f-f2d5-4ec0-bb76-dcc1648c2e0c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wired.com/2010/11/ev-days-are-here-again/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.965514 | 662 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Composition of waste metal 2019
Mepak-Kierrätys examined the composition of waste metal collected from consumers in Finland. The study, carried out with VVT Technical Research Institute of Finland, analysed the breakdown of metal packaging, small metal items and deposit return drinks cans as well as wrongly sorted waste ending up in collection, i.e. the quantity of reject material. You can download the entire research paper here.
Metal samples were collected nationwide
The study collected samples from Rinki take-back points and collection from residential properties across Finland (with the exception of Åland). The samples were collected from seven areas between April and July 2019.
The study generated reliable information about metal recycling
According to the study, almost equal quantities of metal packaging and small metal items are collected and the quality of the metal is mostly good. The study established that more small metal items are collected from Rinki eco take-back points than from collection from residential properties.
The study showed that 41% of metal packaging and 46% of small metal items are returned for metal collection. Packaging metal consists mostly of metal (97%) and the remaining 3% of other material such as paper or labels (1.9%), biowaste (0.5%) and plastic (0.1%).
The amount of wrongly sorted waste or reject material was similar both at Rinki eco take-back points and collection from residential properties, around 13% of all waste metal. Waste electrical and electronic equipment accounted for by far the majority of reject material included in waste metal collected from consumers. A significant quantity of unemptied pressurised packaging was also found.
The study generated verifiable data about the quality of waste ending up in consumer metal collection. The results of the study can be used to provide more reliable data for metal packaging statistics. Learn more about the research here.
The study was commissioned by Mepak-Kierrätys Oy and was carried out in partnership with Suomen Palautuspakkaus Oy (Palpa), Suomen Kiertovoima Ry (KIVO), Suomen Pakkauskierrätys RINKI Oy and Pirkanmaa ELY Centre. | <urn:uuid:c7244058-fe3d-4739-a999-3a43427a1ac5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mepak.fi/en/study-on-waste-metal/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.918342 | 451 | 2.671875 | 3 |
A deliciously imaginative story about friendship--from Laurie Keller, the author / illustrator of The Scrambled States of America.Arnie was fascinated as he watched the customers stream into the bakery. One by one, doughnuts were chosen, placed in paper bags, and whisked away with their new owners. Some went by the dozen in giant boxes.
Good-bye Arnie yelled to each doughnut. Have a good trip
This is so exciting Arnie beamed. I wonder who will choose ME? At first glance, Arnie looks like an average doughnut--round, cakey, with a hole in the middle, iced and sprinkled. He was made by one of the best bakeries in town, and admittedly his sprinkles are candy-colored. Still, a doughnut is just a doughnut, right? WRONG Not if Arnie has anything to say about it. And, for a doughnut, he sure seems to have an awful lot to say. Can Arnie change the fate of all doughnuts--or at least have a hand in his own future? Well, you'll just have to read this funny story and find out for yourself. This title has Common Core connections Arnie, the Doughnut is a 2004 Bank Street - Best Children's Book of the Year.
Author: Laurie Keller
Publisher: Square Fish
Binding Type: Paperback
Size: 10.80h x 8.80w x 0.10d
Audience: Ages 4-8
Reading Level: 3.3
Point Value: 0.5
Interest Level: Lower Grade
Quiz #/Name: 68979 / Arnie the Doughnut
About the Author
Laurie Keller is the acclaimed author-illustrator of Do Unto Otters, The Scrambled States of America, and Open Wide: Tooth School Inside, among numerous others. She grew up in Muskegon, Michigan, and always loved to draw, paint and write stories. She earned a B.F.A. at Kendall College of Art and Design, then worked at Hallmark as a greeting card illustrator for seven-and-a-half years, until one night she got an idea for a children's book. She quit her job, moved to New York City, and soon had published her first book. She loved living in New York, but she has now returned to her home state, where she lives in a little cottage in the woods on the shore of Lake Michigan. | <urn:uuid:275dc391-9438-4af4-bed4-c1465b49a6c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bookmarksretail.store/products/arnie-the-doughnut-9781250079473 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.968386 | 548 | 1.507813 | 2 |
There are 11 tutorial videos you can explore at our DeedMapper channel at YouTube.com. The videos run from the basic to the more advanced and are really the best way to learn how to use DeedMapper. We’ve included links here to a few of the general interest videos.
Metes and Bounds Project
This lesson shows you how to create a metes and bounds deed file and enter a deed. Adding a deed to an existing deed file is discussed, as is saving the file.
The Plot View
This lesson describes the Plot View, including selecting and dragging parcels, navigating and scrolling the view, changing the scale, and displaying information on your parcels.
Details of deed entry
This lesson describes DeedMapper’s MBL (Metes and Bounds Language) that is used to enter a deed. How to add comments. Details of entering Points and Lines. What happens when an error is identified in the Text View. Using the View Options to set your deed entry method. | <urn:uuid:c7a6bbd1-cc5f-4627-a151-f26ea373d964> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://directlinesoftware.com/WordPress/index.php/tutorial-videos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.884663 | 210 | 2.234375 | 2 |
If you’re just getting into the rewarding pursuit of photography, you might wonder how to best present your work. Whether you plan to print out images for an art show or you have clients you plan to sell photographs to, knowing how to get your photos from digital to hard copy takes some skill in itself. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 133,500 photographers nationwide make an average of about $36,000 per year.
Additional people who take photos are working part-time, freelancers and amateurs not recorded in these numbers. The pay range varies widely, depending upon the type of photography and the person’s experience in the field. Knowing how to get your beautiful images into print isn’t always easy. Perhaps you want to offer copies to your subjects, or you want to display your work. You must ensure the images are ready for the printer, find the right place to create them and pay attention to quality and cost.
Here are nine things to keep in mind as you produce your first photographs. Cover photo by Burst.
1. Consider the Space
Think about where you’ll display the image. If you plan to hang a landscape over your fireplace, you’re going to need a larger size than if you want something in your powder room. What items might surround the print, and how will it fit with other elements in the space? Also, think about what looks best in different environments. Family photos hanging along the wall up a stairway may be well-suited for canvases, while you should frame and hang images for an art show for easy removal when sold.
2. Choose a Material
There are many different materials to print your photographs on. You might choose regular photo paper, canvas, wood, metal or even products like tote bags and coffee mugs. Let your customers’ desires guide your offerings. For example, if you take mainly wedding and graduation photos, you’ll find people typically want 8” x 10”s and large wrap-around canvases. Some families might want to put their images on a Christmas card or blankets and T-shirts to give as gifts. For art shows, you’ll likely use fine art paper and frame the finished product. Size varies, but try to keep them in the same range unless selling a grouping of three or more.
Photo: Jenny Hill
3. Find a Reliable Printer
You’ll need to form a partnership with a dependable printer. Look for a company known for producing quality products. However, you should also pay close attention to how quickly they fulfill your order, even for larger orders. If you get a job photographing for a school or organization, you might need prints for multiple families within a short period. You never want to make your clients wait for months while you wait on a printer to fill your order.
4. Preserve Quality
Some of your images will be small prints, and if the file is in JPEG format, it doesn’t matter. However, always shoot and save your photos in RAW. Using the right format allows you to scale up and not lose any quality. The JPEG format naturally compresses files, and you’ll lose some clarity no matter how high the DPI. Your printer should offer advice on the best format and resolution to send photographs for top results.
5. Choose Standard Sizes and Shapes
As a creative person, you might feel tempted to offer round prints or some eclectic sizes and shapes. However, sticking to common choices gives you more options for framing photographs. If you sell images you shot while out and about, you may have more flexibility. For typical photoshoots where you sell copies to your subjects, stick with a handful of standard sizes, such as wallet, 5” x 7”, 8” x 10” and a few larger canvases.
6. Offer a Few Unique Elements
If you’re working with family photography, weddings or any other specialty where clients then purchase copies of the photos you took, offer a few unique items they might enjoy. For example, you might offer personalized 3D photo blocks, slate tiles or metalized wallet prints.
7. Adjust Colors and Light
Use photo-editing software such as Adobe Photoshop or GIMP to tweak the lighting and get the look you want. It’s tough for beginning photographers to find the ideal lighting. However, with the help of some advanced techniques, your images will look like you’ve been a professional for decades.
You can, of course, use the automatic adjustments. However, the best looks often come when you slightly tweak different colors and light and shadow to get the soft appearance of natural daylight during the “magic hour” shortly before sunrise or after sunset.
8. Fix the Background
What if you snap a shot and aren’t in love with the background elements? You can easily add interest to a bare wall by laying a texture over it in your photo-editing software. You can also use Photoshop and similar programs to remove unwanted elements. Imagine you just did your first photoshoot for a local company, but one of their employees jumped into the shot at the last minute.
You can still salvage the photo. Remove that person with the patching tool and replace them with the background. You can even slot in an entirely new background if you prefer.
9. Pay for Quality
Don’t choose your materials and printer based solely on price. It’s worthwhile to pay a little extra for quality work. Even if you take the best photographs in the world, it won’t reflect well on your talents if the photos are on low-quality paper. Once you’ve chosen a few companies you think you’d like to work with, order a copy of the same photo from each of them. It’s also a good idea to get different options, such as a glossy vs. matte finish. Compare the finished products side by side. Once you get a feel for how well they handle each type of print, you may find you use more than one printer, depending upon the order’s specifications.
Photo: Raphael Schaller
One of the best pieces of printing advice for new photographers is to learn from your mistakes. You’ll order something too large for the file quality. You’ll forget to finish an upload, and your order will sit in limbo. You’ll crease freshly printed images and have to start the process again. Take note of any mistakes, learn from them and grow better with each job you complete. | <urn:uuid:c9d28091-f428-4b45-b5bc-e18669a29f31> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://filtergrade.com/top-printing-advice-for-new-photographers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.930568 | 1,374 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Charles F. Dunbar
Charles F. Dunbar, now retired, was the Warburg Professor in International Relations at Simmons College. From 1993 to 2000, he was President of the Cleveland Council on World Affairs, and taught at Case Western Reserve University. In 1998, at the request of UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, he took leave from the Council to serve as Annan’s Special Representative in the Western Sahara. There he ran a 500-person $60 million-a-year peacekeeping effort and aimed at conducting a referendum to determine whether Western Sahara would become independent or be made part of Morocco.
From 1962 until 1993, Charles F. Dunbar was a State Department Officer, including postings as Ambassador to Yemen and Qatar. Between 1981 and 1983, during the Soviet Union’s occupation of Afghanistan, he was Chargé d’Affaires at the American Embassy in Kabul, and from 1985 to 1988 he developed and administered a strategy for helping the Afghan anti-Soviet resistance to enhance its internal and international political standing. He has also been posted to Iran, Morocco, Algeria, and Mauritania. Ambassador Dunbar holds an AB from Harvard and an MA in International Relations from Columbia. He speaks French, Persian (Farsi) and Arabic, and has published scholarly and “op-ed” articles on Yemen, Afghanistan, Western Sahara, and other topics | <urn:uuid:1f304e6a-1197-45bc-8b0f-14a42e374514> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.academyofdiplomacy.org/member/charles-dunbar/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.960931 | 281 | 1.632813 | 2 |
I had the opportunity to have a bit of a chat with a large, male green sea turtle. It was pretty challenging, actually – their energy is different than anything I’ve encountered; almost like it was subsonic. It moves so very slowly.
They haven’t really changed much over the span of their existence. I did some research, and the oldest turtle fossil they’ve found is 200 million years old. Wrap your head around that for a moment.
It felt like they have a collective memory. Although they live for 80-150 years (depending on who you ask), the information I was getting about turtle medicine from the turtle in the conversation were much farther reaching than his lifespan, to the point where I was surprised they didn’t live much longer than that.
Whales are the record keepers, the historians. Whales and I connect effortlessly. This wasn’t that. This felt older, longer, deeper. This felt more connected, less observer. It wasn’t quite Binah/MotherGoddess/water-origin energy, it felt less archetypal.
It was like they carried the lineage of The Dreaming. All of it. Like they were innately connected to the heart of the World, to Gaia herself, like they had been here since before forever.
More than that, or perhaps as part of that, it was as if they had witnessed the creation of this world, the separation of sea from land, and had observed The Engineers (the Architects?).
And they didn’t really care.
Their concept of time was so different, I can’t even explain it. Time was not something to be cared or concerned about. It existed, but the idea was, at the same time, weird to be discussing.
I feel compelled to investigate further. I’ll report back with my findings. | <urn:uuid:6201274d-cab7-496d-97b5-6b1e4039cdad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ayamanatara.com/2015/04/16/contact-sea-turtles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.986911 | 391 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Both Russia and America, according to George Liska, need to take a long-term strategic view of their foreign policies and relations with each other. Gorbachev appears to be doing so, but he has no American counterpart. Liska's own rethinking leaves the cold war behind and brings him to the idea of a global equilibrium based on common interests in stability, downgrading of ideology and a recognition of respective, but not exclusive, spheres of influence. No simple summary can do justice to this wide-ranging historical and conceptual analysis; it is not a naïve prescription for peace and good will. The book lacks, however, any inquiry in depth into Soviet society and its capacity for change, a matter that bears on what the U.S. can and should do. The language is complex and the argument at times abstruse, making this no easy reading assignment and possibly limiting the book's impact. | <urn:uuid:581a20ef-60f2-48b4-ad68-b01d7d3943e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/1988-09-01/rethinking-us-soviet-relations | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.95202 | 184 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Last updated on October 18th, 2020 at 03:38 pm
About the author: Gerard Manley Hopkins born on 28 July, 1844 was not just an English poet, he was a Catholic and was also a Jesuit priest; and needless to say, whose extravagant contribution in the world of literature established him among the leading Victorian poets. He was an innovative writer who has the patent of sprung rhythm. Though he had several themes inculcated in his works, two themes are seen to have dominated most of his works: nature and religion. Hopkins was born in Stratford, Essex; and christened at the Angelic church of St. John’s, Stratford. He studied classics at Balliol College, Oxford in 1863 and continued studying there until 1867.
He was extremely impressed by Christina Rossetti’s works, who became one of his greatest contemporary influences in the later years. He was tutored by a renowned critic Walter Pater, in 1866. His considerably the most ascetic poem, The Habit of Perfection, was composed on 18 January, 1866. In 1884, he became a Greek and Latin professor at University College Dublin. But because of his conflict with the Irish politics, he was not a very effective professor. Having uttered his last “I am so happy, I am so happy. I loved my life” he died of typhoid fever in 1889.
Poetic devices in God’s Grandeur by G.M. Hopkins
METAPHOR: Line 1: the presence earth as an undercurrent has been representing through the word “charged”.
SIMILE: Line 2: “flame out, like shining from shook foil”; the world is temporary and will hence wear out like a flame.
Line 3-4: “it gathers to a greatness, like the ooze of oil”; it implies to the temporary nature of earth, where once it reaches its peak will definitely fall.
SYMBOL: Line 4: “rod” is the symbol of God’s wrath.
ONOMATOPOEIA: Line 5: “trod” has been repeated thrice.
PERSONIFICATION: Line 7: earth has been personified by the use of the word “wear”.
SYNECDOCHE: Line 7-8: “soil” stands for all that has been taken away from the surface of earth. The “foot” has been experiencing alienation due to the interference of the shoe. This image stands in for the whole of the human race, and its isolation from nature.
God’s Grandeur Summary by G.M. Hopkins
The poem is a Petrarchan sonnet, which is “a sonnet form popularized by Petrarch consisting of an octave with the rhyme scheme abbaabba and of a sestet with one of several rhyme schemes, as cdecde or cdcdcd. The poem is heavily dominated by the concept of God and his presence on earth; his vitality and his power. His power is undeniable, even though nothing is permanent n earth not the even earth itself, his power remains constant. The speaker expresses his feelings in the poem, saying that nature, the natural world is inseparable from the deity. The speaker questions the innocence of some people who are either oblivious to the power of God or fails to recognize it. The world in which in every spectrum the God is present and one can feel the strong presence of his power, but men irrespective of this has been destroying and polluting the surface of the earth, they have built series of industry and has been corrupting the innocence of earth. The speaker seems to state all the human activities which have destructed the innocence of Mother Earth.
People have polluted earth to such an extent that it has started to smell like the bad human activities. The ground which was once green and flowery is now harsh; people have to wear shoes, hence they have lost the physical contact with nature. But suddenly the speaker seems to change his tone to a positive note and happily assures the reader that though nature is taken for granted by the inhabitants of the world, still it remains there, like hidden spring. It is like the momentary presence of the sun, which sets down with a promise to rise again the next day, making the day brighter after the dark night. The speaker assures the readers that God is always present near us; hence after every night, there is a new day, a new beginning. The Lord takes care of us and the world, in spite of all our wrong doings, He gives us comfort, protection, and illimitable love.
God’s Grandeur Analysis by G.M. Hopkins
The poem begins with an impactful metaphor: “the world is charged with the grandeur of God”, giving the presence of God on earth an electronic feel, which is always present as an undercurrent. From the very beginning the poet makes it clear that God is omnipresent, though we can’t always see him, we can definitely feel his presence. It builds an immense amount of pressure which can disrupt anytime in an outstanding manner. The poet uses more imagery to show the impact of such a disruption. The optical effect of “shook foil” is one such example. The image of extracting oil from olive oil is another example of showing the pressure built up. The image of electricity again makes a vague appearance
The image of electricity again makes a vague appearance on the fourth line with the word “rod” which brings to the readers mind the image of a lightning rod in which excess electricity in the atmosphere may “flame out”. Very skilfully the various images of mystery, divinity and religious traditions have been juxtaposed in a harmony. The techniques that have been used in the poem are a genius, line 5 is the evidence of that. The use of “have trod” thrice, captures the attention of the reader and thereby emphasizes on the depression that is like an undertone of the poem. Line 6 is the proof that the poet is not to the industrialization, trade or commerce. The use of the word “seared” which means something that is burnt on the surface, is very interesting, which will later in the poem bring a positive mood in the poem; it hints that the world though in a pathetic condition doesn’t mean has no hope at all. The Same trick is applied to the word “bleared”, which points to the clear vision of the future; a metaphorical portrayal of hope.
Line 7 shows how much the poet despises the human interference with the natural beauty; he seems like complaining about the “smudge” that man has left on nature; nature now “shares man’s smell” as well. It is mournful, as “the soil/ is bare now” it has been polluted, nothing grows in it, our foot has lost contact with the soil, a sense of alienation is created by the poet here. With line 9 a sense of positivity enters the poem. The poet assures his readers that even though nature has tolerated all the nuances of humans, “nature is never spent”. The freshness and purity of nature are always present deep down. Lines 11 and 12 are invested in elaborating the same feeling, where the poet takes up the example of the sun which sets in the West but only to rise again the next day to bring back light after the dark night; a sense of hope. And this is possible only because the Deity is omnipresent, who has blessed the world and has protected it in his “warm breast”.
Tone of the poem: The poem starts off on a pretty much complaining note, which has a depressing and few traces of frustration tone to it. But this tone is completely replaced by a positive one when the poet conveys a very hopeful message to all his readers. In spite of all the corruption that nature has been exposed to cannot wipe away its purity completely as God as an omnipresent Deity has protected it with all its power and care.
Conclusion: The poem exhibits the poetic skills of Hopkins, as very beautifully he has depicted, first, the way in which the earth has lost its original demeanour, next he explains and sights the causes for this fate, and finally in the conclusion he proves his point from the initial lines that God is present as an undercurrent and influences our world with His power, and protects us with his care. | <urn:uuid:6519d16e-c35e-48b2-b3c0-cace9c1536c8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beamingnotes.com/2017/07/20/gods-grandeur-docx/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.98049 | 1,777 | 2.78125 | 3 |
MUSCATINE, Iowa–To help reduce the number of stray and feral cats in Muscatine County and to reduce crowding in regional animal shelters, It Takes a Village Animal Rescue and Resources publicly announced the Village Trap, Neuter, and Release program in October 2021.
“With our Village TNR program, we not only stop the breeding cycle of these cats, but we improve their life and health with vaccines, which also decreases the spread of disease within our local wildlife in the process,” shared It Takes a Village Founder Meagan Koehler. “A reduction in the stray and feral cat population helps to free up local government and animal control resources from being spent on nuisance feline calls as well as drastically easing the burden on local animal shelters and rescues” she added.
Trap, neuter, and release refers to the process of catching feral cats, spaying or neutering and vaccinating them, and then releasing them back out to their colony or another safe location.
For the program to succeed, It Takes a Village relies on many volunteers. Kim Curry serves as It Takes a Village’s TNR coordinator, working with people who have a cat colony on or near their property to arrange a time to pick up or humanely trap the animals (depending on how they get along with people), finding volunteers to help with the trapping process, and working with local farmers to acclimate the released animals as barn cats when appropriate. Bill Danner and Angela Mathis volunteer to drive the stray and feral cats to and from the Iowa Humane Alliance in Cedar Rapids for spaying, neutering, and vaccination.
So far, It Takes a village has successfully done TNR with 50 cats. A recent $1,400 grant from the Miccio Foundation in Iowa City allowed them to focus their efforts on a particularly large cat colony. However, they will need continued support to ensure the program thrives. If you would like to volunteer, especially as a grant writer, you may contact It Takes a Village via Facebook message. You may also donate to them via PayPal or Venmo, or by sending a check to It Takes a Village Animal Rescue and Resources, PO Box 634, Muscatine, IA 52761. | <urn:uuid:b67bbc85-1469-4adb-a726-93c94f14320e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://discovermuscatine.com/it-takes-a-village-grows-trap-neuter-release-program/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.948035 | 461 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Have equity in your home? Want a lower payment? An appraisal from Edwards Appraisal Service, Inc. can help you get rid of your PMI.
A 20% down payment is typically accepted when purchasing a home. The lender's liability is oftentimes only the difference between the home value and the sum outstanding on the loan, so the 20% provides a nice buffer against the charges of foreclosure, reselling the home, and natural value fluctuations in the event a purchaser is unable to pay.
The market was working with down payments as low as 10, 5 and often 0 percent in the peak of last decade's mortgage boom. How does a lender endure the additional risk of the small down payment? The answer is Private Mortgage Insurance or PMI. PMI protects the lender in case a borrower doesn't pay on the loan and the market price of the property is lower than the loan balance.
PMI can be costly to a borrower because the $40-$50 a month per $100,000 borrowed is bundled into the mortgage payment and generally isn't even tax deductible. Different from a piggyback loan where the lender consumes all the deficits, PMI is lucrative for the lender because they acquire the money, and they get paid if the borrower defaults.
Does your monthly mortgage payment include PMI? Contact us, you may be able to save money by removing your PMI.
How can a home owner prevent bearing the cost of PMI?
With the implementation of The Homeowners Protection Act of 1998, on nearly all loans lenders are forced to automatically cease the PMI when the principal balance of the loan reaches 78 percent of the beginning loan amount. Smart homeowners can get off the hook a little early. The law states that, at the request of the homeowner, the PMI must be abandoned when the principal amount equals only 80 percent.
It can take countless years to get to the point where the principal is only 20% of the original loan amount, so it's crucial to know how your home has increased in value. After all, any appreciation you've gained over time counts towards abolishing PMI. So why pay it after your loan balance has fallen below the 80% threshold? Your neighborhood might not be adopting the national trends and/or your home may have acquired equity before things calmed down, so even when nationwide trends predict falling home values, you should understand that real estate is local.
An accredited, licensed real estate appraiser can help homeowners understand just when their home's equity rises above the 20% point, as it's a tough thing to know. It's an appraiser's job to keep up with the market dynamics of their area. At Edwards Appraisal Service, Inc., we know when property values have risen or declined. We're experts at identifying value trends in Goldsboro, Wayne County and surrounding areas. When faced with figures from an appraiser, the mortgage company will usually cancel the PMI with little anxiety. At that time, the homeowner can relish the savings from that point on.
Want to learn more about PMI and the Homeowners Protection Act? Click this link:
|These articles are property of New York Times and protected by copyright.| | <urn:uuid:74e1fc7f-af12-487f-bb37-e32283f64391> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://edwardsappraisalsvc.com/AboutPMI | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.955963 | 660 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Africans in Ukraine: a Call for Poems, Short Stories and Creative Nonfiction
the lived experience of being an African in Ukraine
what brought Africans to Ukraine
their lives in Ukraine before the current Ukraine-Russian War
what happened when the war broke out
experiences of and flight from the conflict
the images, issues, histories, lives and demands that Africans in Ukraine are highlighting
the reception Africans got in neighbouring countries or in their countries of origin, and
what happens or what should happen next.
We welcome submissions from writers of all ages, based anywhere in the world.
We particularly welcome submissions from people of African descent who were living and studying in Ukraine and those who witnessed or are witnessing what this group of people are going through.
Please send the poems, short prose and creative nonfiction to firstname.lastname@example.org by 2pm on Thursday, 24 November 2022.
● Poems should be 40 lines or less
● Short stories and creative nonfiction 1,500 words or less.
● The poems, short stories and creative nonfiction should be on the theme, Africans in Ukraine.
● Submissions must be in English. In the case of translated work, it is the translator’s responsibility to obtain permission from the copyright holder of the original work.
● If submitting a poem, short story or creative nonfiction that has been previously published, please give details of where it has appeared and confirm that you are the copyright holder.
● Ideally submissions will be typed single spaced and submitted either in the body of an email or as a .doc attachment.
● Please include a short biography of 50 words or less. This will be included in the anthology if your poem, short story or creative nonfiction is accepted.
● You may submit a maximum of three poems or three pieces of short stories or three pieces of creative nonfiction or a combination of poems, short stories and creative nonfiction. You do not have to submit all three at the same time, but the editors can only consider a maximum of three submissions.
● We welcome submissions from writers of all ages, based anywhere in the world.
● We particularly welcome submissions from people of African descent who were living and studying in Ukraine and those who witnessed or are witnessing what this group of people are going through.
● Please send the poems, short prose and creative nonfiction to email@example.com by 2pm on Thursday, 24 November 2022.
- What Next for African Students in Ukraine? (Petition)
- Virginia Pietromarchi. Across Europe, African students fight to study after Ukraine exit. Al Jazeera, 13 May 2022
- Shamira Ibrahim. Africans In Ukraine: Stories Of War, Anti-Blackness & White Supremacy. Refinery29, 6 March 2022
- The Africans in Ukraine Education Fund is a student-led, grassroots organisation that is campaigning for scholarships and support packages for African students who fled the war in Ukraine so that the students can continue with their studies
- CivicLeicester is an indy publisher that uses poetry, video, photography and the arts to highlight conversations. Books we have published include Poetry and Settled Status for All: An Anthology (2022), Black Lives Matter: Poems for a New World (2020) and Bollocks to Brexit: an Anthology of Poems and Short Friction (2019). | <urn:uuid:7a87a52d-71bd-4cc0-b193-0408d4972127> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://conversationswithwriters.blogspot.com/2022/06/africans-in-ukraine-call-for-poems.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.943371 | 700 | 1.898438 | 2 |
President Joe Biden Tuesday morning issued an official White House LGBTQ Pride proclamation, the first since President Barack Obama.
In his “Proclamation on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Pride Month,” (below) President Biden says he is “particularly honored by the service of Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg, the first openly LGBTQ+ person to serve in the Cabinet, and Assistant Health Secretary Dr. Rachel Levine, the first openly transgender person to be confirmed by the Senate.”
Biden notes that nearly 14% of his appointees are LGBTQ+, but he also acknowledges the “tragic spike in violence against transgender women of color,” and says “LGBTQ+ individuals — especially youth who defy sex or gender norms — face bullying and harassment in educational settings and are at a disproportionate risk of self-harm and death by suicide. Some States have chosen to actively target transgender youth through discriminatory bills that defy our Nation’s values of inclusivity and freedom for all.”
The Biden proclamation begins by honoring the “uprising at the Stonewall Inn in June, 1969,” which “sparked a liberation movement — a call to action that continues to inspire us to live up to our Nation’s promise of equality, liberty, and justice for all,”
“Pride is a time to recall the trials the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ+) community has endured and to rejoice in the triumphs of trailblazing individuals who have bravely fought — and continue to fight — for full equality. Pride is both a jubilant communal celebration of visibility and a personal celebration of self-worth and dignity. This Pride Month, we recognize the valuable contributions of LGBTQ+ individuals across America, and we reaffirm our commitment to standing in solidarity with LGBTQ+ Americans in their ongoing struggle against discrimination and injustice.”
President Donald Trump, despite campaign promises and claims the LGBTQ community liked him never once issued an official LGBTQ Pride proclamation. In 2019 he posted a tweet, managing to turn the month’s focus to himself, outraging LGBTQ Americans and allies, in an effort to cover up his horrific record on LGBTQ equity and issues.
Read President Biden’s LGBTQ Pride Month proclamation:
Enjoy this piece?
… then let us make a small request. The New Civil Rights Movement depends on readers like you to meet our ongoing expenses and continue producing quality progressive journalism. Three Silicon Valley giants consume 70 percent of all online advertising dollars, so we need your help to continue doing what we do.
NCRM is independent. You won’t find mainstream media bias here. From unflinching coverage of religious extremism, to spotlighting efforts to roll back our rights, NCRM continues to speak truth to power. America needs independent voices like NCRM to be sure no one is forgotten.
Every reader contribution, whatever the amount, makes a tremendous difference. Help ensure NCRM remains independent long into the future. Support progressive journalism with a one-time contribution to NCRM, or click here to become a subscriber. Thank you. Click here to donate by check.
- RIGHT WING EXTREMISM3 days ago
‘Arsonist’ Trump Criticized for Ratcheting Up Anger in Fox News Interview as He Claims He ‘Will Do Whatever’ to Help
- News3 days ago
Rumors Swirl as ‘Flight Risk’ Trump Claims FBI Took His ‘Three Passports’ – He Can Still ‘Ask for Asylum’
- CRIME3 days ago
Man Taken Into Custody and Charged After Allegedly Making Death Threats Against FBI Following Mar-a-Lago Raid
- COMMENTARY2 days ago
Trump’s Weaponization of DOJ Notice to Pick Up His Passports Negates Claim He Will ‘Do Whatever’ to Tamp Down Anger
- News3 days ago
‘This One Is Different’: Trump Allies Increasingly Concerned About ‘Deeply Serious’ Scandal
- CRIME19 hours ago
Secret Service Held Onto Violent Jan. 6 Threat Against Pelosi, Watchdog Says
- BREAKING NEWS3 days ago
‘Direct Personal Knowledge’: Federal Judge Denies Lindsey Graham’s Request to Quash Subpoena Ordering Him to Testify
- News3 days ago
Former Trump CFO Nearing ‘Unexpectedly Favorable’ Plea Deal With Manhattan DA: NYT | <urn:uuid:8b9c7a93-cdb4-4520-ae6e-a32fc6cc42f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thenewcivilrightsmovement.com/2021/06/president-joe-biden-issues-official-white-house-lgbtq-pride-proclamation-first-since-obama/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.910466 | 943 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Jul 27, 2011 · Change the Router Password. Click the “Administration” tab the top, and then click “Management”. In the “Router Access” section, enter a new password for your login, and then enter the same password a second time to confirm it. Click the “Save Settings” button and then re-login with the new password. The user name will still be
The Guest network is a feature of Linksys Smart Wi-Fi and Linksys Wi-Fi Routers that creates a separate network for guests. This secured network provides Internet access to wireless devices for your guests. The Guest network SSID is the same as the main 2.4 GHz Wireless Network Name (SSID) however, followed by a -guest suffix. Router Admin Setup Control - Setup WiFi Password is a powerful network tool for router control, you can receive full information on my WiFi router such as internal or external IP, SSID, BSSID, gateway and other basic information. Router Admin Setup Control - Setup WiFi Password helps you find lots of default WiFi routers passwords. Feb 09, 2008 · First on the rear of the router hod the reset button in for 20 seconds and release this will reset it back to all defualt settings. Next you will need a computer wired into the linksys router. Open internet explore and in the address bar type in 192.168.1. for the user name leave that area blank and for the password type in admin.
B-Linksys SRW2024 Default ip user name and password. Ip 192.168.1.254 Username admin Password admin. C-Username ; admin password: leave blank. 2-Also you can try reseating the password: In order for you to reset the SRW224G4P you need to use a Data cable and use the console port of the switch.
Hi, I've looked everywhere in the manual and there doesn't seem to be a way to change the admin name and/or password. Is this actually possible? Any help would be appreciated. Thanks! password for 192.168.1.1? - Linksys Community When you first set-up the router, it offers you the chance to input a password. If you do, it overwrites the "admin" password and gives the result you found. Neither the set-up program or the documentation are especially clear on this point, I figured it out by chance.
Jul 01, 2020
No worry, you can reset your LinkSys router password to factory default settings. Linksys Factory Defaults : This features allows you to restore your original factory settings and start over. This can be accomplished by holding down the Reset button on the back of the linksys router for 30 seconds. If you have just configured your Linksys E2500 firmware router and are looking for the default password, it is “ admin”. No capitals, no spaces. If you’re looking to know how to change the default password, or how to reset it if you’ve forgotten the password, you can find the information below. Linksys SRW2024 Default ip user name and password. Ip 192.168.1.254 Username admin Password admin. C-Username ; admin password: leave blank. 2-Also you can try reseating the password: In order for you to reset the SRW224G4P you need to use a Data cable and use the console port of the switch. Recollect all the reconfiguration that you have as custom setting before you rebooted your Cisco Linksys E2000 router, you’ll have to add them now. In case you had wireless network, you will have reconfigure your SSID and password; port forwarding settings, DNS server setting, etc. | <urn:uuid:67df44d1-e87e-4683-8d86-0a5c4e435f1f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vpniflxg.web.app/orielley79142me/linksys-add-password-499.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.873785 | 781 | 1.671875 | 2 |
in chapter one of the book
Answers 1Add Yours
In The Bean Trees, Mama's analogy about people and scarecrows reflects back to the main theme of the novel. One of the principle messages of the novel, seen in Taylor's adoption of the Cherokee baby to her friendships with various women such as Lou Ann Ruiz, is that people can't succeed without or even survive without the human touch of compassion and generosity from other people. Taylor Greer's journey from Kentucky to Arizona continually draws and reinforces the message that human empathy, that deep feeling of bonding and understanding, between people is inescapably necessary. | <urn:uuid:3a069dbb-f84e-4ff8-8325-056b8b86f1bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gradesaver.com/the-bean-trees/q-and-a/what-does-mama-mean-when-she-makes-the-analogy-about-people-and-scarecrows-82823 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.921874 | 175 | 3.015625 | 3 |
The RESLAC –Latin American and Caribbean Network of Sites of Memory– is organized as one of the regional networks of the International Coalition of Sites of Conscience. One of the regular activities of the RESLAC has been the realization of an Annual Meeting. The first regional meeting took place in 2006, in Buenos Aires, and subsequently annual meetings have been held at different venues, with different agendas.
Initially these workshops were related to tasks regarding the technical development of the different participating sites: experts’ exchanges, training in management of memory spaces that allowed us to share fundamental principles to develop a work that didn’t have much background in the region.
The goals of these annual workshops changed with time. The focus was aimed towards more theoretical than technical reflections, but without abandoning the exchange of practices and experiences. The role of the Memory Sites in the framework of democracy was a recurring theme in this second stage. As the Network grew and adds sites in different countries and regions of Latin America, it built a stronger identity and the situations to be addressed in the meetings became more complex. | <urn:uuid:0341284c-19c6-48cc-9975-f2f171ff06d4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://memoriaabierta.org.ar/wp/en/regional-workshops/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.96239 | 225 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Parameter groups allow you to (as the name implies!) group parameters into re-usable chunks. A parameter group can then be used for multiple commands, and each of those commands will have all of those params defined.
Creating A group¶
Parameter groups are fairly simple to create, you just need to decorate a class with the
Adding Parameters to a group¶
Now, to make a group useful, we need to actually add parameters to it. To do so, we add class-variables with our desired parameter definitions.
For example, let's take this example from the previous page:
and convert it to use a parameter group instead.
For this example, the transfer is very straight forward, we can just take the argument list definition, and add it to the class body:
Using a group¶
To use a Parameter Group, all we need to do is add an argument to the argument list of a command, with the param group as the type hint.
Putting it together¶
And just like that, we have a set of re-usable parameters that we can add to any command at-will!
- Anything that works for regular parameters also works for Parameter groups. This means that
arc.Argument()and it's cohorts can be used to expand the use of a parameter in a group.
- Because there is no bare
*or equivelant, there isn't a good way to distinguish between arguments and options. So, any non-flag will be presumed to be an argument unless given an explicit
arc.Option()as a default value.
- Groups are not permitted to have a default value assigned to them
- Groups are allowed to be nested arbitrarily | <urn:uuid:9e77098d-ae91-474f-bb2a-a3121aa7dca5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://arc.seanrcollings.com/usage/parameters/parameter-groups/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.756423 | 366 | 2.171875 | 2 |
The American Cancer Society (ACS) recently released their 2022 estimates of new breast cancer cases and breast cancer related deaths in the US, as well as separate statistics for African American/Black people. It’s rare these days to meet someone that hasn’t been touched by cancer in some way and still, these statistics are incredibly sobering. The ACS estimates that in 2022:
- 287,850 US women will begin their breast cancer journey, having been newly diagnosed with breast cancer;
- 43,250 women will die from breast cancer;
- Breast cancer will be the leading cause of cancer related death for women aged 20-59 years; and
- Black women will have 4% lower rates of breast cancer compared to White women, but a 41% higher mortality.
It’s easy to get desensitized by these statistics, but if we break down the predicted breast cancer deaths for 2022: Every single day, over 100 US families will have to tell loved ones that their mothers, daughters, sisters, and wives won’t ever be coming home. And this doesn’t even speak to the emotional and financial burden that patients, friends, and families must bear in supporting women following a breast cancer diagnosis.
Here at Volpara Health, we are committed to making a difference because we believe that so many of these deaths are preventable. SEER registry data collected by the National Cancer Institute clearly shows how much of a difference early detection of breast cancer can make. 96.4% of women diagnosed with localized disease (i.e., a cancer that has not spread outside the breast) are expected to still be alive 10 years after diagnosis, compared to only 14.4% of women diagnosed after the cancer has metastasized (spread beyond the breast).
Incorporating breast cancer stage estimates from the latest ACS Breast Cancer Facts & Figures report, 77,720 women are estimated to be diagnosed with regional disease and 17,271 with distant disease, in 2022. If all these breast cancers were found when still localized to the breast, it is estimated that there would be an almost 10-fold reduction in the number of deaths over the next 10 years (3,420 versus 33,592). And this is just US data – imagine the impact of early detection at a global level
As a researcher, I usually review data and statistics daily. But for those diagnosed with cancer, statistics take on a whole new meaning. A friend of mine who died of colon cancer wrote during her own cancer journey, “Statistically, I have six months if the chemo isn’t effective, and one to two years if it is”. Six months after she wrote that she passed away, just after her 30th birthday. Caught earlier, her death would likely have been preventable. I know full-well the grief that lingers and so, for those that have lost loved ones or are supporting those on their cancer journey, I hope that Volpara’s purpose and mission resonates with you, as it has done for me: to save families from cancer by preventing advanced-stage breast cancer.
We invite you to read an additional blog to examine how advanced technology designed specifically for breast care clinical practice can help improve early detection and save more families from cancer. | <urn:uuid:ff0df477-fe20-4591-bc6f-30cd8e5d8d81> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.volparahealth.com/news/nearly-300000-new-breast-cancer-cases-predicted-among-us-women-this-year/?fbclid=IwAR3JHtKb933Apb-aSskwZoDIc96bSW9naOhTubzK_-y0Vv11oYB9M0P79mQ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.964353 | 673 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Gift Tax is an Indian law which regulates the gifts given by one person to another, who are not close relatives as defined by the Income Tax Law of India. These gifts include any movable or immovable asset and can be made voluntarily and without consideration in money or money's worth. There are some gifts that are exempt from tax.While you are considering transferring gift money to India, here are 7 remittance factors to consider.
History of Gift Tax
Gift Tax was first introduced in India in 1st April 1958, where all gifts between unrelated persons above the amount of Rs 25000, were taxable. The gifts could be in the form of cash, demand draft, bank cheques, or anything else which had value, above the threshold were brought into the preview of this new tax. On 1st October 1998, Gift Tax was demolished & gifts of any value were no longer taxable. In 2004, a special provision was added into the Income Tax Law of India and Gift tax was reintroduced. This reintroduction was done with a higher limit of Rs 50000 & even Hindu Undivided Families were brought into the ambit of the tax.
Definition of Donor & Donee
Donor means a person who is making or giving the gift.
Donee means a person who acquires the asset either movable or immovable from a donor. When gifts are made to a Trust, then the Donee are the Trustees and the beneficial owner, of that asset. The beneficial owner is those, who enjoy the asset which is under the gift.
Sources of Gifts
Under the provisions of the law, a person can receive the gift under the following circumstances:
- Gifts from close or blood relatives.
- Gifts received at the time of Marriage.
- Gifts that are received by legacy or inheritance.
- Gifts received in contemplation of Death of the Donor.
Gifts Exempt from Tax
Certain gifts are not taxable or exempt from this tax. They are:
- Gifts given by blood or close relatives, irrespective of the value.
- Immovable property located outside India.
Restrictions on moving gifts abroad
Any individual cannot take his or her movable asset out of India unless the donor:
- Is an Indian Citizen, who was originally a resident of India or the individual received the gift when he or she was not a resident of India in that financial year.
- Gifts the balance of the Non-Resident Bank Account.
- Foreign Currency gifts of convertible foreign exchange, sent from abroad by a non-resident Indian to a resident Indian.
- Foreign Exchange asset gifts by a non-resident to his or her relatives.
- Special Bearer Bonds 1991.
- Savings Certificates issued by the central government.
- Capital Investment Bonds up to Rs 10 lacs or Rs 1 million in a year.
- Relief Bonds gifts by an original subscriber.
- Gifts of certain bonds from NRIs to his or her relatives, which are subscribed in foreign exchange and are specified by the central government.
- Gifts to Government or Local Authority.
- Gifts to any charitable organizations.
- Gifts to notified temples, mosques, churches or other places of worship.
- Reasonable amount of gifts to children for educational purposes.
- Gifts by employers to their employees in the form of a bonus, gratuity or pensions.
- Gifts under Will.
- Gifts in contemplation of death.
Gifts pertaining to Non-Resident Indians
- When a non-resident Indian parent, child or relative transfer cash or property as a gift, it is not taxable in the hands of the resident recipient.
- Gifts of immovable property abroad are not taxable.
- Gifts to parents from NRE accounts of children are not taxable.
Points to be remembered by the Donor
- Money gifted to someone, no tax is payable
- No deduction is available of the gifted amount from the Total Income, in the financial year
- If your wife and or daughter-in-law are unemployed and they have gift income, the income earned from the gift can be clubbed in the income from the earning person in the family.
- Income from investments from gift income is taxable in the hands of the receiver alone.
How to be stress-free do everything within the legal ambit
- Always document keep the receipt of the gift and the gift certificates
- If you are receiving a movable asset as a gift, ensure that the donor provides a signed and stamped gift deed.
- If immovable asset is gifted, it is important to ensure that the donor transfers the same in your name with registration and a gift deed is obtained.
- If you have loaned a friend or relative in excess of Rs 50000, and it had been repaid back to you, keep the bank statements and relevant documentary proofs like IOUs, etc. Additionally, if the loan was given in cash via an ATM withdrawal, keep the ATM slip for records, so as to satisfy any subsequent question regarding the same if it were a gift or not.
- Always advise your friends and family while making the gift that it may be taxable and they get it checked by their accountants. | <urn:uuid:4f8a96a8-807e-4873-80f4-e9921dd38b37> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.compareremit.com/money-transfer-tips/gift-tax-in-india/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.961553 | 1,068 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.