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The Counseling Corner
Duncanville ISD Counseling Department Newsletter
Dear Duncanville ISD Families,
In November, our focus was the Panorama survey which provided information regarding the social and emotional well-being of our students. We also celebrated college and career week in which students were able to learn about various career paths.
This month, we are spotlighting Hasting Elementary and some of the wonderful supports students are provided. There are available resources during this season, please reach out to your campus counselor if you are in need of assistance.
Duncanville ISD Counseling Department
Hastings Elementary SEL Spotlight
Cultivating a positive climate and culture within the school environment is an important aspect of increasing meaningful and supportive relationships among students and staff. View this video to learn how Hastings is using social and emotional learning (SEL) to promote Panther pride!
If students are in need of backpacks, school supplies, clothes, or food, we have it! Our Panther Pantry is stocked, and we can provide students with the necessary resources they need. If you know a student/family in need of basic resources, please reach out to our social workers.
Elementary & Intermediate Schools:
Alternative, Middle, & High Schools:
Caught Being Good
You may find yourself criticizing far more often than complimenting. How would you feel about a boss who treated you with that much negative guidance, even
if it was well intentioned? The more effective approach is to catch kids doing something right:
"You made your bed without being asked — that's terrific!" or "I was watching you play with your sister and you were very patient.
"These statements will do more to encourage good behavior over the long run than repeated scolding's.
Make a point of finding something to praise every day. Be generous with rewards — your love, hugs, and compliments can work wonders and are often reward enough. Soon you will find you are "growing" more of the behavior you would like to see.
The holiday season is filled with many to-do lists, family gatherings, and gifts to buy, causing some to become stressed, overwhelmed and lose sight of what is meaningful to them. Try implementing a few (if not all!) of the tips below to have a more profound holiday season this year!
Use the day to connect with people you care deeply about.
Give a creative gift from the heart.
Volunteer at a homeless shelter or food bank.
Write a letter telling someone you love (or someone you need to forgive or who you’ve offended) how much you care about them and appreciate them as you wish them a happy holiday.
Find an inspirational movie about the holiday and watch it with family and friends.
Give the gift of living better, kinder, with more love, positivity, and compassion.
Marcy's Having All the Feels
Author: Allison Edwards
Marcy wanted to be happy. But all her other feelings kept showing up at the worst times! Marcy didn't want to feel angry or jealous. Why couldn't she be happy all the time? Then one day when Marcy's feelings disappear, she learns that her feelings don't have to control her, and they might even have a function.
Our Mission & Vision
Mission: The mission of the Duncanville ISD Counseling Department is to reach the hearts of students everyday so they can be their best selves.
Vision: The vision of the Duncanville ISD Counseling Department is to graduate all students with a clear post-secondary plan, and the social-emotional skills to succeed in a competitive environment. | <urn:uuid:dbe6e994-d0ae-4541-83b4-7c65f0082f42> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.smore.com/2h1a5-the-counseling-corner | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.964262 | 763 | 2.0625 | 2 |
|Sir Edward George|
Sir Edward "Eddie" George was a governor of the Bank of England from 1993 to 2003. He was succeeded as Governor of the Bank of England by Mervyn King. George was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of Cornwall in March 2006.
George joined the Bank after graduating from Emmanuel College, Cambridge, in 1962.
- Sir Edward George. Guardian News and Media Limited. | <urn:uuid:207972e1-a1e4-4c35-8a02-da61a55afc63> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.marketswiki.com/wiki/Edward_George | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.960067 | 103 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Fri May 25, 2012
Originally published May 25, 2012 by the Kent Reporter
Sunrise Elementary recently finished second in Today USAgain's annual Earth Month Contest.
The Kent school collected more than 2,000 pounds of textiles for recycling and reuse. Today USAgain presented the school with a check and plaque.
During April, schools throughout the country competed to collect textiles in USAgain drop boxes located at schools. Schools actively spread awareness about low textile recycling rates and the need to recycle more.
The top three schools in two categories, the most pounds collected overall and the most pounds collected per student were awarded cash prizes of $500, $300 and $250, respectively.
Participating schools earned cash for each pound of textiles collected.
St. Clare School, of O'Fallon, Ill., was the winner for most pounds collected overall (4,659 pounds), followed by Sunrise (2,188 pounds).
Picasso Preschool, of El Granada, Calif., was the winners for most pounds collected per student.
This year 510 schools nationally participated in the contest. A total of 210,362 pounds of textiles was collected for reuse and recycling, saving 1,202 cubic yards in landfill space, and preventing 1,472,534 pounds in CO2 emissions. | <urn:uuid:9c9a076f-d9c5-4967-a62b-553baea8db3c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.usagain.com/news/kents-sunrise-elementary-takes-second-in-national-recycling-contest | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.959874 | 265 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Grade II* Listed Building
An 1859 inventory of Saltford mill lists two waterwheels driving a rolling mill, the entry stating:
- Waterwheel, 15 ft x 3 ft 6 in, and
- Waterwheel, 15 ft x 3 ft 6 in, driving
- 2 pairs rolls, 5 ft 6 in and 3 ft 6 in wide.
(15 ft = 4.6 m. 5 ft 6 in = 1.7 m. 3 ft 6 in = 1.0 m)
In an interview with Joan Day in the late 1960s, George Shellard, who had worked in the mill as a boy before the First World War, described the rolls as he remembered them in operation in the early C20th. The rolling mill contained two set of rolls: a heavier set of 'breaking-in' rolls and a lighter set of 'finishing-rolls'. The replica rolls on display at Saltford (Fig 1) show the arrangement of the 'breaking-in' rolls, with the upper and lower rolls being driven by separate waterwheels to provide the power needed for the first pass of rolling the cast metal slabs, initially 6 to 8 mm thick.
The replica is based upon evidence of a set of rolls that were installed at the Avon Mill, Keynsham; Saltford Mill and Avon Mill being operated by the same company and employing similar technology.
The photograph at Fig 2, taken in 1928 as the Avon Mill rolls were being dismantled, clearly shows the tandem drive. The lower roll was driven a shaft connected to a waterwheel to the left of the photograph. The upper roll was driven by the shaft connected to the large gear-wheel, turned by a second waterwheel behind the wall on the right of the photograph.
As both waterwheels turned in the same direction, it was necessary to employ a reversing gear to one of the rolls to enable the two rolls to rotate in counter directions. This was achieved by means of the two large gear wheels on the left of the photograph at Fig 3. The right-hand wheel is mounted on the waterwheel shaft which runs in a leat behind the wall to the left of the picture. A replica of the reversing gear has been constructed at Saltford, shown at Fig 1.
Avon Mill specialized in the manufacture of wire. The Avon Mill rolls were therefore relatively narrow, being only 1 ft 6 in (0.45 m) wide. These were designed to produce long lengths of brass strip, 10 cm wide, seen coiled up in the foreground of the photograph at Fig 3, before being slit into strings and then drawn into wire.
Saltford's rolling mill specialized in the production of metal sheet requiring much wider rolls. Fig 4 shows an artist's impression of what the wide, 'breaking-in', rolls would have looked like, the rolling bed width being 5 ft 6 in (1.7m).
Angerstein describes Saltford in 1754 as being purely a Battery Mill, but this was to change later in the century as the demand for sheet grew, not only for the production of brass pans for the Guinea trade, but also to produce copper sheet for the sheathing of merchant ships built in Bristol for trade with West Africa, the Caribbean and America. Copper sheathing of merchant ships to protect them from the teredo navalis shipworm starting in the 1780s, by which time the brass company had expanded and was known at the United Brass Battery, Wire & Copper Company of Bristol.
Techniques for rolling brass were introduced into the Avon valley around 1709, when the Bristol Brass Company entered into a partnership with the Esher Brass Wire Company, which was eventually to lead to the Bristol company being named the Bristol Brass & Wire Company. The types of rolls were probably very similar to those shown in Figs 2 and 3.
In 1754, the Swedish industrial spy, RR Angerstein, reported observing:
“By the town of Keynsham, five miles from Bristol on the way to Bath, there are two specially-built brass-works, belonging to the Bristol Brass Wire Co, comprising rolling and slitting mills for brass wire, and rolling mills for large brass sheets for Guinea pans and kettles. There is also a wire drawing mill for brass wire here.”
A. RR Angerstein's Illustrated Travel Diary. 1753-1755. Industry in England and Wales from a Swedish Perspective.
B. Bristol Brass: A History of the Industry. Joan Day. 1973 | <urn:uuid:1a091b0c-bf91-4ba1-adc1-d86f0005fa92> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://brassmill.com/saltford_brass_mill_014.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.962514 | 939 | 2.1875 | 2 |
GOODWILL MESSAGE BY THE HONOURABLE MINISTER OF WORKS AND HOUSING, MR BABATUNDE FASHOLA, SAN AT THE PLENARY SESSION OF THE NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE SUMMIT ORGANISED BY THE NIGERIAN SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS ON THURSDAY 15TH JULY, 2021 AT NICON LUXURY HOTEL, ABUJA
I bring good tidings to the Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE) at this Plenary on National Infrastructure Summit.
I am enthused by the theme which is:- “Towards a Sustainable Infrastructure Development, Maintenance and Management in Nigeria.”
If this was a shooting competition, I would say that the NSE has hit the Bull’s Eye with the theme.
Infrastructure Development, Maintenance and Management lie at the core of the Buhari Administration’s strategy for growing the Nigerian economy, creating jobs and prosperity, and lifting people out of poverty.
The stock of infrastructure and the commitment to grow them is the real measure of a Nation’s desire for growth and prosperity.
A Nation cannot grow bigger than the capacity of its infrastructure and President Buhari’s commitment to infrastructure leaves no one in doubt about his desire to rapidly grow Nigeria’s economy.
The outline of that infrastructure development is made clear by the fact that the Ministry of Works and Housing is currently managing over 800 contracts for Roads and Bridges covering over 13,000 Kilometres of the 35,000 plus Kilometres of Federal Highways and Bridges.
In every state of Nigeria today there is either a Road project, a Bridge project or a Housing project or all combined under construction.
This is a critical driver for employment of professionals for design, surveys, and construction practitioners.
It also galvanizes other sectors like mining for gravel, sand, laterite, crushed stones to mention a few, while it drives the demand and supply of lubricants like diesel, and oils, as well as bitumen production and supply.
The transport sector is also driven by the need to ferry these inputs across distances from production sites to construction sites by thousands of Trucks employing drivers.
At the construction Sites, the urban poor earn their daily living from supply of skilled and unskilled labour by working the materials to finished products.
But this is only a small piece of the pie. Design, Construction and Governance account for only about 30% of Jobs in the Built Industry.
It is maintenance and operation that provides 70% of the sustainable jobs long after construction has ended.
This is why the Buhari Administration must take the credit for approving the first ever FGN Facility Management and Maintenance policy in March of 2019.
Implementation is now bearing fruits with 24 Federal Secretariats now fully rehabilitated and under a facility management contract.
Thirty-seven Bridges nationwide are now undergoing maintenance and repairs, some of which have been due for decades.
NSE’s plenary and the theme have therefore struck the right chord.
It would therefore be with bated breath that the Ministry of Works and Housing will await the outcome of today’s conversation on how to scale up and deepen what has already started.
In closing, I only wish to point one that a significant number of projects such as: the Lagos-Ibadan, Enugu-Port Harcourt, Abuja-Kano, Kano-Maiduguri, Enugu- Onitsha, Oyo-Ogbomosho, Ilorin-Jebba, Abeokuta-Ibadan, Calabar-Itu, Second Niger Bridge, Ikom Bridge, Loko-Oweto Bridge, Ibi Bridge and Bamenda – Mfun Bridge, Chanchangi Bridge, Bodo Bonny Bridge and many more, which were recommended for development in the 2013 National Integrated Infrastructure Master Plan have now taken off, are progressing, nearing completion or have been completed.
The Buhari Government has now commenced the process of developing a new Infrastructure Master Plan up to 2030 and this has progressed significantly.
Distinguished Ladies and Gentlemen, I have no doubt in my mind about the positive direction Nigeria’s economy is heading with these investments in Infrastructure.
They are the key to reduced journey times, to efficient and competitive productivity arising from the ease of doing business.
I therefore wish you a very engaging and productive deliberations. | <urn:uuid:f758f45b-605c-4a66-a1b9-89b209adffdc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thegazellenews.com/news/infrastructure-dev-read-his-message-at-nse-session-here/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.928384 | 929 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Every adult has dreamed of being a martial artist … but where did those years go?
As adults we face constant challenges in our lives that must be overcome in order for us to find success and even just a little peace of mind.
Our jobs place strenuous demands on our time, drain our effort and mental energy. Then, our families and friends still require our attention.
The problem is that, very often we become so consumed by providing for others that we lose sight of our own personal goals, we’re too tired to take care of our own needs at the end of the day, and our health can sometimes begin to deteriorate as a result.
The solution we’ve come up with at Glens Falls Karate Academy is to develop a unique program that targets the needs of adults while providing skill-based training that goes beyond the punches and kicking techniques of a typical martial arts class to help create a lifestyle that makes success (which is defined personally for each student) a bit easier to see … and attain.
With that said, a structured program targeting physical, intellectual, emotional, and social development coupled with skill-based training in martial arts has proven to be very successful for our adult students.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT FOR ADULTS:
PHYSICALLY: After high school, many adults experience a slow down in activity. This is in part caused by the increasing demands of work life, and the lack of structured physical activities such as physical education classes and team sports. Even more challenging, beyond the age of 25 our bodies begin to change; it takes more effort to see the same results. While we may still enjoy physical activity, we tend to relegate it to the ever-decreasing free time category instead of making it a priority.
We expect our adult students to sometimes need extra help and encouragement when facing tough physical challenges.
The goal for our program is to get them to understand their potential if they remain consistent in training and mindful of the way their bodies feel at any given time. We spend a little more time warming up, a lot more time learning how to work not just harder, but smarter, and with an emphasis on increasing health and overall fitness.
INTELLECTUALLY: Adults can grasp every concept taught in a martial arts class, and have the benefit of their own experiences to measure by. Their critical thinking skills are top notch, but their decision making skills are sometimes tempered by their mindset; life is no longer a game, and sometimes fear of failure can hold us back.
We expect our adult students to require proof, and to sometimes need to have things explained before they believe it. We expect to encounter self-defeating thoughts, even in those with the keenest of minds.
The goal for our program is to help our students see the bigger picture and apply their intellect in order to find solutions to problems in and out of the dojo.
EMOTIONALLY: We all enter the dojo with a particular set of life experiences. We’ve been hurt, we’ve felt joy, we’ve known fear. These things can hinder our growth, or they can give us the foundation on which to craft a world-view full of wisdom and compassion.
We expect the efforts of our adult students to be based on the emotional moments of impact that they have experienced in their lives, even as far back as childhood. This is true for emotions of both positive and negative impacts.
The goal for our program is to help them apply more powerful mindset tools to help see each aspect of themselves in a different way that helps them to achieve new goals; using past joys and fears in a way that spurs growth rather than hinders it.
SOCIALLY: Confidence in the adult world is one of the key drivers of success. Too little confidence and that promotion at work slips through your fingers, too much confidence and you’re off-putting to people which causes your social life to lack depth.
We expect our adult students to initially hold back if they are uncomfortable as a defense mechanism, or to push too hard trying to prove to themselves (or others) that they are capable.
The goal for our program is to help them develop positive relationships, while also learning to step into leadership with ease.
THE SKILLZ METHOD:
By understanding these stages of development and the needs of adults, we were able to select 8 skills that make up the foundation of our adult program:
- Hojoundo – physical training.
- Kihon – basic technique
- Kata – forms/patterns
- Kumite – sparring
- Goshin-Jitsu – self-defense arts
- Kenkyu – curriculum research
- Seishinteki-na – mindset
- Kobudo – traditional weapons
HOW THE ADULT KARATE PROGRAM WORKS:
We cover each one of the above skills per class (in order).
During each class we run a warm-up; deliver a mat chat about the skill; run two or three skill building drills; and then we apply the learning toward progressing through our curriculum.
Students must show proficiency in all 8 skills in order to be promoted to the next belt level, thus developing the ability to set goals, and learning how to break those goals into manageable action steps.
Once students earn their next belt, they will continue to run through all 8 skills with a more challenging curriculum as they advance in rank. Our adult students can work toward earning their 1st degree black belt after completing all 8 ranks of our adult program.
Here is an example of what types of content will be learned for each of the 8 skills above:
Hojoundo – Use it or lose it. Our bodies need to be strong enough to perform the techniques we’ve learned, our cardiovascular system robust enough to continue beyond what we thought we could do, our resolve hardened to see every effort through, even when the little voice inside says rest. The Hojoundo skill helps us develop our bodies and minds to have the strength needed to face any task. At a white belt level, students will assess their current level of physical fitness, while also setting basic calisthenic goals.
Kihon – Having strong basic technique is key when focusing on martial arts training. It’s the foundation on which everything else is built. By taking the time to learn how each technique is executed without the fear of getting hurt, students are able to perform at higher levels while maintaining greater levels of safety for themselves and others. At a white belt level, students will learn the basic punching, kicking, and stance work.
Kata – These choreographed patterns of movement are nothing more (or less) than the text books of our study. At a white belt level, students will learn the first set of kata designed to teach angle changes and stability in motion.
Kumite – It’s one thing to take the word of a trusted/trained instructor that you’re improving, but to be able to measure yourself against the skills of others, the student gains both insight and experience. During the practice of kumite, students will start off working on pads, bags and mitts to learn how to adapt to the ever changing flow of combat, eventually joining in sparring exercises with fellow students. At the white belt level, students will learn some basic sparring combinations and concepts while working with a partner holding pads.
Goshin-Jitsu – Learning to apply without the guidance of katas or instructors leads to competence; and competence breeds confidence. In a self-defence situation, you may be all alone. The Goshin-Jitsu skills lead students from classical choreographed movement to freestyle tactical self defense, allowing the student to gain the skills necessary to protect themselves and others at a pace that is right for each individual. At the white belt level, students will learn basic footwork, defensive skills and counter attacks leading to simple takedowns and finishing techniques.
Kenkyu – Once a student knows some moves, it becomes important to learn how and when to apply them, link them together, as well as how to control space, distance, and timing. The Kenkyu skill of researching and studying technique helps teach these concepts through the use of kata bunkai (both solo and with partners) to draw usable strategies from the kata for application in self-defense and in light partner sparring. This is where the real fun happens. During Kenkyu classes, students at a white belt level will be guided by their instructors with personal attention to help draw connections between the other 5 skills and form an understanding of the application of techniques and strategies.
Seishinteki-na – Martial arts is about far more than the physical skills learned in class. In fact, without the proper mindset, success is impossible. The mindset skill helps us to develop the emotional tools we need to see things in a new way, to see a world of possibility and opportunity rather than obstacle and defeat. No outside change can ever become powerful enough to overcome a misguided view of the world. By changing the inside, however, the outside cannot help but grow.
Kobudo – Traditional Okinawan weapons training. During these classes students will expand on their empty hand training by incorporating one of several weapons. These lessons may span a single class, or an entire semester. Over the course of training we will cover many traditional weapons, unique self-defense concepts, and possibly take you outside of the dojo entirely as your instructor guides your exploration deeper into the world of martial arts. “Karate and Kobudo are like brother and sister. Different, but never separate.”
As you can see, we’re taking martial arts training to a whole new level!
More than just “Adult Karate Classes,” we’re using elements of assorted traditional Okinawan martial arts curricula to build skills that are important for success in the adult world. This means that you will learn and grow at a pace that is not too easy, nor too challenging. The best part is that, in addition to powerful self-defense techniques, the Adult Karate Program at Glens Falls Karate Academy will equip you with skills that you will utilize in every area of your life!
READY TO GET STARTED?
Continue below to complete our program application and schedule your first visit!
The process is completely FREE and simply helps us both decide if we’re the right fit for each other moving forward by providing you with an up close look at what we do and how we operate.
HURRY! Space is limited in each class – so new enrollment is subject to availability. | <urn:uuid:0c9c76f7-0784-412d-9f9d-e225d8f55cf7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://glensfallskarate.com/cp/adultkarate-warriorskillz/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.953472 | 2,209 | 2.046875 | 2 |
COACHING & TUTORING
IS STRATEGIC INTERVENTION FOR YOU?
Strategic intervention is a method of coaching that focuses on giving the client not only what they want but also what they need. It combines a deep understanding of the clients pursuits and how to meet them with the use of strategic planning and immediate action.
It uses the most practical and effective forms of strategic action and communication which come from a variety of disciplines such as Human Needs Psychology, neurolinguistics and traditions of diplomacy and negotiation, among others.
Get in touch to find out more. | <urn:uuid:2a0f5cce-3547-4f57-aa2e-77092f096176> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.betinavargas.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.942519 | 125 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Application: Switch head fitted with Hytorc Nuts CN style.
HYTORC tooling: HYTORC Nut CN style.
Old method: Traditional torquing.
Problem in old situation: Due to the fine thread in combination with a high side load with traditional torquing methods, multiple studs have galled into the tube plate where they are now stuck and the tube plate is badly damaged.
Benefits: By applying Hytorc Nuts is a side-load free and torsion-free clamping method is used, which excludes such problems in the future. The Hytorc Nut is also known as a mechanical tensioner. It is the only system in the world that is supplied pre-calibrated, whereby a repeatable accuracy of 5% can be guaranteed. All of this is achieved without the disadvantages of hydraulic tensioning. | <urn:uuid:610456d7-c4fb-42b9-b314-7b6e81a1ac5f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://hytorc.be/en/projecten/kop-warmtewisselaar-en-hytorc-nut/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.922177 | 178 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Apostle Peter was born in Besthaida near the Lake Gennesaret.
He was the brother of Apostle Andrew and along with the Apostles Jacob and John, they were fishermen.
He used to live in Capernaum, where his wife was coming from. We are certain that he was married because Jesus healed his mother in law. There is a possibility that his wife had passed away when he received the apostolic calling from Jesus.
The fact that he was a fisherman and the fact that the members of the Council called him and John “illiterate and simple” (Acts, 4:13) is an indication that he didn’t attend a rabbi school, but he might have been one of John the Baptist’s pupils.
He gradually became one of the Apostles. He was presented to Jesus first by his brother Andrew and he was definitely present to the wedding at Cana; he settled with Jesus and the other pupils at Capernaum right afterwards. He is always mentioned in the catalogues of the New Testament among the Apostles and with Jacob and John were the ones closest to the Lord, having a primary position in the apostolic circle.
His name before he joined Christ was Simon. It is not certain at which point Jesus renamed him. According to John (1, 42) when Jesus and Simon met for the first time, Jesus said that he will be named Keefas – translated as Petros (Peter) which is derived from petra (meaning rock).
Through the scripts of the New Testament it is obvious that Peter had a primary role. He was an enthusiastic, impulsive, initiative and self confident character. At the same time he seemed to change his mind easily. Even if he always had been sincere and dedicated to Jesus, he had some transitions which he managed to sooth quickly because he lost his courage because of them.
Peter – as said before – was always very close to Jesus and he see him there at the most important moments of His public action. It was after Christ’s exhortation that Peter walked on water (Math. 14, 28-32) and again after His exhortation he seined a fish that had a coin in its stomach; he used that coin to pay for the Roman tax (Math. 17, 14-17).
A little while before the Holy Passion, Jesus asked his pupils what did the people think of Him. Peter replied “You are the Messiah, the Son of the Living God”. It was at that point that Jesus said:
“Upon this rock (meaning the homology) I will establish my church”. Then He asked them not to say anything to the people and revealed them all about His suffering, His crucifixion and His resurrection. When Peter tried to talk Him out of the Holy Passion, Jesus reprehended him strongly saying: “Go behind me Satan”.
At the Last Supper Peter is anxious to know who will be the Lord’s betrayer and he assures Him he is willing to sacrifice his life for Him.
“Before the rooster crows you will refuse me three times” predicted Jesus. Later on, when the Pharisees came to arrest Jesus, Peter used a knife to cut off a servant’s ear. The Lord healed the child and said the famous quote: “He who lives by the sword shall die by the sword”. When Jesus was arrested, Peter and other pupils followed Him to the yard of the high priest, where Peter denied Jesus three times by oath. When he heard the crow, he cried in bitter tears. Lord gave him the chance to make up after his resurrection: he asked him thrice if he loved Him and bestowed him to the apostolic office.
After the Ascension there are not many information regarding Peter. We have the inspiring preaching on Pentecost that converted 3000 people and another preaching inside the Temple because of which he got arrested along with John. The Pharisees imprisoned them both but they came out in a miraculous way.
Peter seems to have taken extend apostolic action, mainly to the Hebrew people in the areas around Jerusalem. He didn’t travel to the ends of the known world like Paul did but his reputation preceded him and it was said that he could perform miracles even with his shadow (Acts:5,1-11). He would take part to the Apostolic Council on the side of the gentiles, something that caused the dysphoria of the Jewish Christians.
It is believed that Peter’s martyrdom took place on October 13th on 64 A.D. in Nero’s Hippodrome in Rome. He was crucified with his head down according to his desire, because he considered himself unworthy to receive the same death as the Lord. His grave is supposed to be in the catacombs underneath St Peter’s Basilica in Rome, nevertheless there are many controversial opinions on the subject.
His memory is being celebrated on June 29th with St Paul, because those two are considered to be the corner stones of the Church.
Apostle Peter is celebrated on same day with Saint Paul.
You may also like: | <urn:uuid:11390740-6544-4573-8ee4-eb0e528ebb7d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.prayer-bracelet.com/blog/the-story-of-apostle-peter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.988098 | 1,069 | 2.46875 | 2 |
The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office (CBO) released their latest budget baseline this week, and the lengthy document provides several important updates for how the legislative branch’s budget and economic experts are projecting federal spending, taxation, debt, and deficits – along with U.S. economic activity – will change in the years to come.
The budget baseline is an important, regular product that CBO releases to Congress and the American public, and earlier this week NTU Foundation’s Demian Brady offered his immediate takeaways on the May 2022 baseline – CBO’s first baseline since July 2021.
To supplement that work, and to help policymakers and taxpayers better understand how CBO sees the federal budget and U.S. economy shaping up in the next decade, below are 13 charts that help explain CBO’s latest projections.
More Revenue Coming In
Relative to last July’s baseline, CBO projects the federal government will bring in more individual income tax revenue, payroll tax revenue, and corporate tax revenue from fiscal years (FYs) 2022-2031. The difference over 10 years is about $3.36 trillion, or an average of $336 billion per year. As a share of the size of the nation’s economy, though – gross domestic product (GDP) – revenue will actually decline over the decade. Revenue collections reach a high watermark of 19.58 percent of GDP in FY 2022, according to CBO, before falling to a low of 17.62 percent of GDP in FY 2025 and then leveling out at around 18 percent of GDP for the remainder of the 10-year window.
…and Even More Spending
Unfortunately, spending accelerates at an even faster pace than revenue, and CBO projects that mandatory spending (e.g., Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid), discretionary spending (e.g., much of defense, education, environmental, and foreign affairs spending), and net interest on the debt will all be higher relative to the July 2021 baseline. The total spending difference from FYs 2022-2031 is about $5.79 trillion, or an average of $579 billion per year. Breaking things down further:
- As a share of GDP, mandatory spending actually dips from 15.19 percent of GDP in FY 2022 to 13.40 percent of GDP in FY 2024, before rising to 14.62 percent of GDP in FY 2031;
- Discretionary spending falls from 6.97 percent of GDP in FY 2022 to 6.25 percent of GDP in FY 2031;
- Net interest on the debt nearly doubles, from 1.62 percent of GDP in FY 2022 to 3.11 percent of GDP in FY 2031; and
- Overall spending rises from FYs 2024-2031, after a brief dip over FY 2022 and FY 2023.
The Gap Between Government Spending and Tax Revenue Grows
As a result of spending increasing relative to GDP, and revenue mostly holding steady, the gap between spending and revenue grows – both over the 10-year window projected by CBO and in comparison to the July 2021 baseline. As the graphic above shows, both revenue and spending are up relative to last year’s baseline, but spending is up more than revenue.
…So Deficits and Debt Rise
Due to that growing gap between federal spending and revenue, deficits are projected to grow relative to last year’s baseline. The total deficit will come down in FY 2022, relative to the pandemic spending years of FY 2020 and FY 2021 that drove historic deficits, but deficits still approach or exceed $1 trillion in each year of the FYs 2022-2031 window. CBO projects the deficit will reach an astounding $2 trillion in FY 2031. As a share of the nation’s economy, the deficit will decline from 4.19 of GDP in FY 2022 to 3.87 percent of GDP in FY 2024, before rising to 5.85 percent of GDP in FY 2031.
All the while, debt held by the public (which excludes intragovernmental holdings, or debt the government owes itself, currently around $6.6 trillion) will rise from $24.17 trillion in FY 2022 to $37.95 trillion in FY 2031, and then an eye-popping $40.21 trillion in FY 2032. As a share of the economy, debt is 97.89 percent of GDP in FY 2022 and 107.45 percent in FY 2031.
Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid Drive Mandatory Spending Higher
For the vast majority of government spending that’s on autopilot (70.67 percent in FY 2022, inclusive of net interest, and 73.92 percent by FY 2031), major drivers of increased spending are Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid. Federal civilian and military retirement spending generally increases over the decade, as does spending on veterans programs. Spending on unemployment insurance, family support tax credits (e.g., Earned Income Tax Credit and the Child Tax Credit), and “other” mandatory programs fall from their highs of FY 2021, as pandemic spending winds down.
…but Discretionary Spending Goes Up Too
Increases in mandatory spending are not the only pressure point for federal spending, though. CBO’s updated baseline projects higher discretionary spending on both the defense and non-defense sides of the ledger relative to the July 2021 baseline. Defense outlays are projected to be $426 billion higher from FYs 2022-2031, compared to last year’s baseline, while non-defense outlays are projected to be $2.09 trillion higher over the decade. Major drivers likely include lawmakers’ successful efforts to increase the defense budget topline, relative to what President Biden proposed in his FY 2022 budget, and the infrastructure law that Congress passed and the President signed last fall. As a percent of GDP, defense outlays fall from 3.06 percent in FY 2022 to 2.76 percent in FY 2031, while non-defense outlays fall from 3.89 percent of GDP in FY 2022 to 3.49 percent in FY 2031.
…with Operations and Personnel Driving Defense Increases
The defense topline – mostly Department of Defense budget authority, with national defense budget authority outside of DoD making up a small portion of the total – rises from $796 billion in FY 2022 to just over $1 trillion in FY 2031. Costs for military personnel and military operations drive spending higher, while procurement costs and research (RDT&E) see increases too. As a share of the economy, defense budget authority is actually projected to decline from FY 2022 through FY 2031, from 3.22 percent in FY 2022 to 2.86 percent in FY 2031.
The Future for Government Spending Looks Bleak, and for the Debt Even Bleaker
Zooming out and covering a 91-year period from 1962 through 2052, government spending as a percentage of GDP accelerates to non-pandemic historic levels well into the future. (The gray dotted line in each chart represents the current year; everything to the right of the current year is a CBO projection.) Revenue accelerates as a percentage of GDP, but not nearly enough to keep up with spending.
As a result, America’s federal debt (held by the public) zooms up like a rocket ship, surpassing 100 percent of GDP in FY 2028 and surpassing 180 percent of GDP in FY 2051.
…while the U.S. Economic Picture is Not Quite as Bleak
CBO projects that real GDP growth – after plummeting during COVID lockdowns and accelerating during economic reopenings – levels out at between 1.5 percent and two percent per year during the 10-year window. (The gray line represents calendar year 2021, everything to the right of the line is a projection.)
CBO projects that inflation – measured by both the personal consumption expenditure (PCE) index and the consumer price index (CPI-U) – will pop to its highest levels in decades in 2022 (5.1 percent and 6.1 percent, respectively), before falling to around two percent and 2.3 percent (respectively) by calendar year 2024.
Meanwhile, CBO projects the unemployment rate will hover between 3.5 percent and 4.5 percent over the next decade, while the labor force participation rate steadily declines from 62.3 percent to 61.5 percent.
Of course, these projections are just that – projections. As NTU Foundation’s Demian Brady has explained, CBO’s alternative fiscal scenarios indicate the debt and deficit pictures will be much worse if Congress extends major spending programs or tax expenditures without offsets. And it’s near impossible to predict the movements of the U.S. economy, especially at a time of volatile price increases and supply chain disruptions. Still, the CBO baseline serves as a valuable resource for lawmakers, their staff, and anyone in the general public who is trying to make sense of our unimaginably large government and economy. | <urn:uuid:8417ebbe-c252-46a4-b72f-e4f2b3b781b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ntu.org/foundation/detail/13-charts-to-better-understand-cbos-new-baseline | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.926105 | 1,838 | 1.953125 | 2 |
North Shore Youth Food Summit
August 31, 2016
North Shore Community Land Trust, in partnership with Kōkua Hawaiʻi Foundation and Johnson Ohana Charitable Foundation, are excited to announce the 3rd Annual Youth Food Summit which will be held at Waimea Valley on September 23rd from 8am to 2pm. The theme of this year's event is Food Waste. Students from grades 4-12 are invited to join us for a fun and educational day of field trips to local North Shore farms, fish ponds, and loʻi along with an afternoon of brainstorming about how school cafeterias can strive to become “zero waste”.
The first half of the day will provide students with the opportunity to discuss food waste issues with local farmers on a field trip to a North Shore farm. Students will then return to Waimea Valley after the field trips for an amazing locally sourced lunch prepared by Waimea Valley staff. During lunch, participants will have the opportunity to learn about a local elementary school that has worked hard to achieved the goal of a waste free cafeteria.
After lunch, Youth Summit participants will break into groups based on school affiliation to develop a Zero Waste Action Plan and implementation strategies with the goal of removing/recycling one waste stream by the end of the school year. To register contact Tim via email or by phone (808)-230-3820. | <urn:uuid:a7cc0b24-01a2-4593-9b11-31ef375ac584> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kokuahawaiifoundation.org/news/detail/north_shore_youth_food_summit4 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.9432 | 285 | 1.75 | 2 |
Christopher Gauker (left) and Kathrin Glüer (right) on the contents of perception.
According to one view, perceptions have propositional content: they tell us that the world is a certain way, and what they tell us can be either true or false. In this debate, Glüer defends that view against Gauker’s attack. Glüer and Gauker also consider (starting at 23:11) whether and how perceptions might justify beliefs. And Glüer interrogates Gauker (starting at 40:08) about how perceptions can be either accurate or inaccurate without having propositional content. | <urn:uuid:530dc5a5-460d-405b-9dae-756b874c8687> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.philostv.com/christopher-gauker-and-kathrin-gler/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.882142 | 136 | 2.390625 | 2 |
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Definition for: ARROGATION
- (n.) The act of arrogating, or making exorbitant claims; the act of taking more than one is justly entitled to.
- (n.) Adoption of a person of full age. | <urn:uuid:6a996ba2-86c5-4852-9597-31de51a86ebc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://whatsthisword.com/dictionary/arrogation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.912499 | 122 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Quantitative predictions about the processes that promote species coexistence are a subject of active research in ecology. In particular, competitive interactions are known to shape and maintain ecological communities, and situations where some species out-compete or dominate over some others are key to describe natural ecosystems. Here we develop ecological theory using a stochastic, synthetic framework for plant community assembly that leads to predictions amenable to empirical testing. We propose two stochastic, continuous-time Markov models that incorporate competitive dominance through a hierarchy of species heights. The first model, which is spatially implicit, predicts both the expected number of species that survive and the conditions under which heights are clustered in realized model communities. The second one allows spatially-explicit interactions of individuals and alternative mechanisms that can help shorter plants overcome height-driven competition, and it demonstrates that clustering patterns remain, not only locally but also across increasing spatial scales. Moreover, although plants are actually height-clustered in the spatially-explicit model, plant species abundances are not necessarily skewed to taller plants. | <urn:uuid:8ebb8679-ceda-4813-a7bb-a09349835139> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ceab.csic.es/publication/competitive-dominance-in-plant-communities-modeling-approaches-and-theoretical-predictions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.912811 | 224 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Tawny Owl (Strix aluco) Science Article 1
[…].A Tawny Owl population in Bizkaia was monitored between 1992 and 2003, producing a description of its breeding ecology (Zuberogoitia & Campos, 1998; Zuberogoitia & Martinez, 2000; Zuberogoitia, 2002). During the course of the study, one possible case of a second brood was registered. 1,700 Tawny Owl territories were found, although only 77 nest sites were monitored. […].
Inigo Zuberogoitia, Jose Antonio Martinez, Agurtzane Ir ta, Ainara Azkona & Inaki Castillo, Ardeola 51(2), 2004, 437-439 | <urn:uuid:1c5afc86-575d-4f51-90bd-371fa648e5ed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.planetofbirds.com/tawny-owl-article-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.848796 | 155 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Although common-law countries have adopted different arrangements for the conduct and procedure of criminal trials, most of these countries generally follow what is called an adversary procedure, in which allegations are made by the prosecution, resisted by the defendant, and determined by an impartial trier of fact—judge or jury—who is usually required to acquit the defendant if there is any reasonable doubt regarding guilt. English criminal procedure, employing the adversarial method, is the model from which the court systems of many common-law countries developed (although distinctively different rules evolved independently in Scotland). Over the years the differences between the English criminal courts and those of other common-law countries widened in some aspects, but the same basic principles often still apply in the latter countries. The court systems of most common-law countries provide two or more sets of criminal procedures to deal with the more-serious and less-serious cases and a further set of procedures for hearing appeals against the decisions of trial courts.
Criminal cases brought to trial in England begin in a magistrates’ court. This court has a number of different functions, including determining the mode of trial, trying the case if summary trial is chosen, and dealing with ancillary matters, such as bail and the granting of legal aid. Long ago, magistrates had the power to investigate crimes, but their function is now wholly concerned with the adjudicatory phase. Most magistrates are laypeople chosen for their experience and knowledge of society and are appointed by the central government on the advice of a committee, known as the Lord Lieutenant’s Advisory Committee, for the particular county in which they are to sit. Magistrates, who are attended by a legally qualified clerk, develop significant experience in their work, but they are not considered professionals. In large cities there are professional, legally qualified magistrates, known as stipendiary magistrates. The stipendiary magistrate can sit alone, but lay magistrates may sit only as a bench of two or more. Magistrates’ courts commit the trials of more serious crimes—such as murder, rape, and robbery—to the Crown Court system. These courts consist of a judge and 12 jury members selected from the general public. Appeals of the decisions of magistrates’ courts also are heard by a Crown Court.
Trial procedure in U.S. states has followed a pattern derived from English traditions and principles with many variations. Prosecutors (district attorneys), serving as the key courtroom figure, establish the charges, which in turn may determine whether the accused appears before a lower court (dealing with misdemeanours) or a higher court (dealing with felonies). The accused is offered bail in most cases but is not released unless he deposits with the court either cash or security in the form of a bond, often posted by a bondsman who charges a proportion of the amount of the bond. In some states it has been common for an accused person to be released without bond on his own recognizance. The grand jury, which examines the evidence produced by the prosecutor and, if warranted, returns an indictment against the accused, plays a key role in the U.S. legal system. The deliberations and proceedings before the grand jury are normally conducted in private. When the case is brought before the trial court, it is often settled on the basis of a plea bargain made between the prosecutor and the defense lawyer, by which the accused pleads guilty to some of the charges and the prosecutor recommends a sentence that has been agreed upon beforehand. Plea bargaining, which can take many other forms, is more readily accepted in the United States than in most common-law countries; basic rules, designed to ensure fair dealing for the accused, govern plea arrangements. In jury trials, one significant difference between the American and English systems is that lawyers in the United States are allowed to question potential jurors about their beliefs and attitudes so as to exclude those who may be biased against their clients.
In countries following the Anglo-American legal tradition, sentencing is a function separate from the determination of guilt or innocence. In some U.S. jurisdictions, juries determine the sentence; in capital cases, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 2002 that only juries could determine whether a convicted defendant should be executed. Normally, however, sentencing is the responsibility of the judge. Most systems traditionally have given judges considerable discretion in determining both the kind of penalty to be imposed (e.g., imprisonment, fine, or probation) and its severity. Such discretion has prompted complaints about disparities in the sentences given to different offenders and arbitrariness and idiosyncrasy in the decisions of individual judges. Many observers have maintained that the sentence imposed on an offender depends more on the presiding judge than on the gravity of the offense or on the existence of mitigating circumstances.
In response to such concerns, the federal system and a number of state systems in the United States have instituted sentencing guidelines, which prescribe narrow ranges of sentences and require judges to provide a written rationale for issuing a sentence that falls outside the guidelines’ prescriptions. States began enacting sentencing guidelines in the early 1980s, while sentencing guidelines for the federal system went into effect in 1987. The guidelines generally are presented in tables, where relatively narrow sentence ranges are specified according to the seriousness of the present offense and the length of the defendant’s prior record. However, in United States v. Booker (2005), the U.S. Supreme Court found that judges could not use facts that had not been proved during the trial in order to enhance a sentence. In practice, this means that the guidelines are considered discretionary rather than mandatory—i.e., judges use them as a starting point when determining a sentence.
Many jurisdictions also have implemented mandatory sentences, which remove any judicial discretion. One popular type of mandatory sentence is described by the phrase “three strikes and you’re out”; i.e., a defendant receives an extended or even a life sentence upon conviction for a third felony. All mandatory sentences, and particularly the “three strikes” laws, have been criticized as being excessively harsh in particular cases, such as sentences of 25 years to life in prison for crimes of petty theft. Nevertheless, in 2003 the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of such sentences in two separate cases.
As most countries of continental Europe base their legal systems on civil law, they follow methods of criminal procedure very different from those found in common-law countries. Often described as the inquisitorial procedure, this method emphasizes the role of the judge. Many countries in Europe (as well as civil-law countries in Latin America) also maintain the principle of full, or mandatory, prosecution, which officially means that prosecutors have no discretion at all. In theory at least, prosecutors must prosecute any and all crimes that come to their attention, according to the letter of the law and without regard for public sentiment. (However, even in those countries, prosecutors necessarily exercise at least some discretion.) The judge is normally responsible for calling and questioning all witnesses, and the process is not separated into two distinct phases of trial and sentencing. The tribunal may consist of several judges, or a combination of judges and lay assessors, who deliberate together on both conviction and sentence. The rules of evidence are generally less restrictive; materials that would be considered hearsay in common-law countries are often admitted, and information about the accused person’s prior record is available to the tribunal. In addition, most countries utilizing civil law do not permit conviction on the basis of a plea of guilty. Although the accused may be willing to admit guilt, the court is still required to investigate the evidence fully. Another major difference between civil- and common-law procedure is that the decision of the tribunal in civil-law countries is normally accompanied by a statement of reasons—unlike common-law verdicts, which usually simply announce the guilt or acquittal of a defendant. Regarding sentencing, the law in civil-law countries identifies penalties with considerable detail and considerable specificity for the entire range of criminal offenses, so judges have very little discretion.
A civil-law institution without parallel in common law is France’s unified magistracy, whose members include judges and prosecuting attorneys. Both the prosecuting attorneys and the judges work for the national justice ministry, whose central administration is also a part of the unified magistracy. Prosecuting attorneys receive the same training as judges, and their primary responsibility is to seek justice rather than solely a conviction.David A. Thomas Thomas J. Bernard
In Russia in 1722, Tsar Peter I created a “procuracy” office that was responsible not only for prosecution but also for overseeing the entire criminal-justice system, including the police and the courts. That system was reformed in 1864, when prosecutorial power was again restricted to the prosecution of cases. An independent judiciary and trial by jury also were instituted in the reforms of 1864, but both were eliminated after the Russian Revolution of 1917. The procuracy was revived during the Soviet period, when prosecutors became the central administrators of the entire justice system. Trials were heard by a panel consisting of one career judge and two “people’s assessors,” all of whom were appointed by local Communist Party officials.
The contemporary Russian court system is based on civil law. After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, laws were passed both to ensure the independence of judges from local politics and to reinstate trial by jury. Prosecutorial supervision of the courts also was eliminated, but prosecutors still maintained fairly broad powers.Thomas J. Bernard
Some Islamic countries of English and French colonial heritage adopted the procedure of the colonial countries that ruled them. For example, Pakistan, which originally inherited the Indian Criminal Procedure Code, adopted an adversarial system similar to that of England. Both sides in a trial present their oral arguments to an impartial judge, and there is a competent and independent bar from whose ranks judges are chosen. The regular courts were supplemented by special Islamic courts and judges beginning in 1980.
By contrast, the criminal procedure of Egypt, which adopted an inquisitorial system, generally mirrors that of France. Judges have a high degree of power to question, to intervene, and to determine the method of proceeding. Egypt also has established the Niyaba, a system of state prosecutors very similar to those of the French unified magistracy. Egyptian judges, unlike their English and Pakistani counterparts, are often career officials.
In Islamic states, ordinary criminal courts are often supplemented by police courts, which tend to deal with lesser criminal offenses, and military courts, which hear questions affecting security and military matters. In countries (e.g., Saudi Arabia and Iran) where the legal system is principally derived from Shariʿah (traditional Islamic law), Islamic judges, called qadis, exercise jurisdiction. In these countries, sentences are largely determined by Shariʿah. The most-serious offenses, ḥadd crimes, have punishments that are fixed and unalterable. Less-serious offenses (taʿzīr) allow judges discretion in sentencing offenders. In addition, for certain offenses (jinayat), the victim or the victim’s family is allowed by law to take retaliatory action against the offender or the offender’s family.
The court systems in African countries generally follow the systems of the former colonial rulers. In the common-law countries this means that, though there is state prosecution, considerable responsibility falls on the police forces to initiate prosecutions. In some countries, such as Sudan and parts of Nigeria, where Indian legal influence was strong, versions of the Indian Criminal Procedure Code were adopted; in those places the magistrate, rather than the police, takes charge of the investigation and levels charges. Other countries blend customary or traditional law with modern legal systems.
The Chinese penal system broadly divides procedures and sanctions into criminal and administrative categories; in this way, crimes are distinguished from ordinary illegal acts. Crime is defined as behaviour punishable by a court under the criminal law or other laws calling specifically for criminal punishment for violators. Ordinary illegal acts can be punished administratively by nonjudicial bodies (such as the police) on their own initiative and according to less-formal procedures. In general, administrative punishments cannot be appealed to a court.
The distinction between crimes and acts that are merely illegal often depends on the concept of circumstances (e.g., the identity of the accused or the victim, the existence of an official campaign against the particular type of crime involved, or even such matters as whether a robber also beat his victim or showed repentance). Although many countries take such factors into account in sentencing, Chinese law differs by allowing circumstances to bring an act within or entirely outside the coverage of the criminal law and, more important, the associated criminal procedural law, the only type of law in China that provides for a public trial by a court and the right to a defense. The law itself frequently uses only general terms such as “minor,” “serious,” or “very serious” to describe criminal acts, and the exact meaning of those words is then left up to the officials who administer the law. This is a major source of the extensive discretion that Chinese officials have in deciding criminal cases. For instance, a person suspected of selling pornographic books may, if the police deem the circumstances clearly minor, be judged by the police and punished by up to 15 days’ detention in a police station. Otherwise, the case could be tried in criminal court, where the offender would be subject to much more severe punishments. Even when the law is more specific, officials have considerable discretion.Antony Nicolas Allott Ian David Edge Donald C. Clarke Thomas J. Bernard | <urn:uuid:a4539c67-896e-4189-8550-a3ce694acfe3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/crime-law/Trial-procedure | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.964864 | 2,800 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Operation For Ball Mills
1. short cylinder ball mill the ball mill with the cylinder length l less than 2 times of the cylinder diameter, i.e. the ball mill with l 2d is short cylinder ball mill, which is usually of single bin structure, mainly used for rough grinding or primary grinding operation, and can realize the wide use of.
9 Jk Cement5
2. second largest white cement producer in india: white cement accounted for 16.6 of our total cement revenue and 35.2 of adjusted ebitda from our cement operations in fiscal 2008, and 15.5 of revenues and 38.11 of our adjusted ebitda from our cement operations in the six months ended septem.
A Future For The Past Of Desert Vernacular Architecture
58 2.7 desert vernacular building knowhow vernacular knowhow in the western desert can be described as a continuously developing and maintained building tradition, a process out of which basic building principles were created. this transfer of knowhow has succeeded in sustaining the desert habitats we see today.
Vertical Roller Mill For Raw Application P Rocess Materials
Are too large to be fed into the tube (ball) mill. (5) ground materials are dried by the flue gas from the kiln. fig.2 schematic process flow of vertical roller mill for grinding of raw materials vertical roller mills are adopted in 20 cement plants (44 mills) in japan. results table energy saving effect of the vertical roller mill ball mill.
Personal Ball Mill
Ball mills an overview sciencedirect topics. 188.8.131.52 ball mills. the ball mill is a tumbling mill that uses steel balls as the grinding media. the length of the cylindrical shell is usually 11.5 times the shell diameter ( figure 8.11). the feed can be dry, with less than 3 moisture to minimize ball coating, or slurry containing 2040 water by.
Principles Of A Grinding Milll
Ball mills mineral processing metallurgy. working principle operation the apparent difference in capacities between grinding mills listed as being the same size is due to the fact that there is no uniform method of designating the size of a mill for example a 5′ x 5′ ball mill has a working diameter of 5′ inside the liners and has 20 per cent more capacity than all other ball mills.
Operating Principle Of A Vibrating Screen
Basic operating principle of vibrating screen in chp. this is the basic operating principle of an ac generator, also known as an know when displaying an ac voltage or current waveform on an oscilloscope screen. of vibrations in the air, only vibrating at.
Training Courses Based On The Grinding Software
Cement ball mill sizing calculators time introduction quantity of material inside the ball mill calculation with example residence time inside the mill material and retention time calculator exercise . 14 ball mill inspection procedure introduction principle of operation forces affecting the particles flow characteristics mechanical parts.
Working Principle Of Ball Milllinkedin
Cement ball mill. ball mill working principle center drive and side drive are two common drive modes for a ball mill. center drive grinding mill means the motor shaft extends along the axis of mill body while side drive has a motor located on the side of the mill and torque is transmitted via the large girth gear which is bolted on the flange of.
In Cement Industry Working Principles Of Preheater
Cement production an overview sciencedirect topics cement production is an energy intensive industrial process that requires heat to be the temperature of hot gases at the preheater outlet is 390 c. these gases are used to heat up the raw mill and coal mill. | <urn:uuid:96b2d0da-9cab-43ab-96b8-8acb65edb0b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fluechtlingshilfe-gelsenkirchen.de/wzkuzh1g/4357.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.895277 | 752 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Info about Boliqueime, Distrito de Faro (Portugal)
Boliqueime region is Distrito de Faro, Loulé, in country Portugal (PT).
Boliqueime is also called Boliqueime, latitude is 37.1371800, and longitude -8.1582000.
In Boliqueime live 4.470 inhabitants, its timezone is Europe/Lisbon (Europe/Lisbon_cet).
Boliqueime is considered one of the top destinations for disco, clubs, nightlife, architectural buildings in Portugal.
More details about Boliqueime in Portugal (PT)
Boliqueime square area is 46 km2 so it appears to be very calm town ideal travel destination for people that like quiet destinations for a quiet base location on a trip, a calm countryside with no confusion that characterizes big urban areas. If you stay here you can save money due to its economic accommodation costs, and for this reason you and your travel companions may use it as a base if you want to move across Portugal and Boliqueime near cities.
Its height above sea level, or meters above sea level (MASL), should be around 120 mt. Because of this this is the perfect destination if you and your family want flat ground to see in your next trip.
Boliqueime things to do and activities: best trip destination for:
Interactive Boliqueime (Portugal) Map and attractions
Interactive map of Boliqueime, Distrito de Faro Loulé Portugal (PT). | <urn:uuid:5570248b-0b95-4a03-9c29-4661999d7551> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://travelplanner.app/destinations/portugal/distrito-de-faro/boliqueime/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.844181 | 325 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Working from home is typically seen as a privilege. Some companies turn it into a reward for employees that meet certain quotas whereas others allot a day every week to give employees a break from the monotony of the office. But it is more commonly seen with freelancers and contract workers.
The freelancing market, otherwise known as a gig economy, is growing in the Philippines. Research indicates approximately 1.5 million professionals are freelancers. With new digital tools and adaptive work culture, more people are expected to adopt this setup. But even with all of its benefits, the gig economy does have its drawbacks.
The lack of structure at home opens the door to distractions.
In a regular office setup, there is a need to interact with co-workers to keep up with social norms. This scenario is absent at home; there are new diversions to factor in—like your bed.These lapses in concentration can affect your productivity, which result in missed deadlines.
Supporting your freelancing endeavors necessitates some lifestyle changes. Creating a conducive work environment for yourself at home lets you take advantage of the country’s gig economy. Here are some tips to help you work productively at home:
Create a work station to get in the right headspace.
Your home is a place of comfort and relaxation. Getting into the right headspace for work in this environment can be difficult. Sectioning off an area that is specifically for work will help you avoid distractions. This work station doesn’t have to be fancy or elaborate. It can be as simple as converting one side of your dining table into a temporary desk.
Give yourself a schedule and stick with it
Your motivation throughout the day will naturally ebb and flow. Knowing when you are at the peak of your productivity will help you work more efficiently at home.
Creating a schedule for yourself will help you capitalize on the periods where you are in the right headspace. Committing yourself to a schedule that prioritizes important deliverables will help you meet deadlines.This also lets you allot slower intervals for phone calls and replying to emails. Moreover, creating your own schedule lets you strategically plan out your breaks.
Organize your day ahead of time.
Keep track of tasks and deadlines by planning your day. This approach will keep you aligned and reduce the time you spend trying to figure out what to do that day. It is normal for agendas to change; doing so on the fly too frequently, however, drastically affects your productivity and quality of your work. Try doing this first thing at the start of your self-appointed shift to get it out of the way.
Limit social media use as if you were in an office setting.
Working from home lowers your inhibitions. Aside from wearing whatever you want, you can also play music in the background. It even opens up the opportunity to use social media more frequently. Muting or logging out of your accounts during your work hours helps you retain your focus. Remind yourself that you are on the clock to stay within a professional mindset.
Try to leave your house at least once a day.
When you notice your attention slipping, step out for a bit to clear your mind. If this still doesn’t work, consider moving to a coffee shop or a public lounge. A change of scenery can do wonders to boost your creativity and productivity.
Working from home is advantageous for different reasons. It lets you save more of your salary because you’re not commuting or eating out as much. It allows you to spend time with family at home. Taking the necessary steps to support this setup will make it even more worthwhile.
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Issa loves comic books, movies, and all genres of music. You'll probably find her in some coffee shop in the South. | <urn:uuid:5d18a8af-2cca-4c39-8206-ab150b82a4c8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.modernfilipina.ph/careers/working-life/work-from-home-stay-productive | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.957907 | 776 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Tomorrow is Cinco de Mayo (May 5th), which is a celebration of Mexico’s military victory over the French in 1862. Mexico was in a time of weakness because they were unable to pay debts to some European countries. The French decided that this would be a good time to establish an empire in Mexico. The French sent 6,000 troops to Mexico, causing the president and government of Mexico to flee. Mexico’s president, Benito Juarez, was able to gather an army of 2,000 men to fight against the French.
2,000 soldiers compared to 6,000 soldiers?? You can definitely say that Mexico was the underdog in that situation!
Even though the Mexican army was small and poorly supplied they were able to defeat the French troops in this battle.
Celebrating Cinco de Mayo isn’t a big deal in Mexico but the U.S. has made it a big celebration of Mexican heritage and culture.
How will you celebrate Cinco de Mayo?? I think one of the best parts of this holiday is the food and spending time with family.
Here is a recipe that you can make with your family!
Information for this post came from history.com | <urn:uuid:bb2ec289-b8ba-4a9c-948e-fa5cd3ccf3e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kidscreateutah.org/2018/05/04/happy-cinco-de-mayo/?replytocom=101 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.98204 | 250 | 2.640625 | 3 |
“There is no role in life more essential and more eternal than that of motherhood,” says Elder M. Russell Ballard of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. “While women live in homes under many different circumstances—married, single, widowed, or divorced, some with children and some without—all are beloved of God, and He has a plan for His righteous daughters to receive the highest blessings of eternity.”
Elder Ballard affirms mothers’ divine role in cherishing and teaching their children. “There is no one perfect way to be a good mother,” he says. “Each situation is unique. Each mother has different challenges, different skills and abilities, and certainly different children.” Elder Ballard acknowledges that some women are “able to be ‘full-time moms,’ [and that] some may divide their lives into periods of home and family and work,” but that “what matters is that a mother loves her children deeply and, in keeping with the devotion she has for God and her husband, prioritizes them above all else.”
Nurturing Is an Eternal Role
Among the most important roles of a mother is the call to nurture, Elder Ballard says. “A mother’s nurturing love arouses in children, from their earliest days on earth, an awakening of the memories of love and goodness they experienced in their pre-mortal existence,” he declares. “Because our mothers love us, we learn, or more accurately remember, that God also loves us.”
Other prophets and apostles teach that because the work of nurturing has eternal significance, it can be exercised throughout life, whether or not a woman has children. President Dieter F. Uchtdorf, Second Counselor in the First Presidency, says, “If you are a mother, you participate with God in His work of creation—not only by providing physical bodies for your children but also by teaching and nurturing them. If you are not a mother now, the creative talents you develop will prepare you for that day, in this life or the next.”
Echoing President Uchtdorf, Elder Jeffrey R. Holland of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles affirms that the roles and blessings of motherhood need not be exclusive to those with children of their own: “To the women within the sound of my voice who dearly want to be mothers and are not, I say through your tears and ours on that subject, God will yet, in days that lie somewhere ahead, bring ‘hope to [the] desolate heart.’” Elder Holland promises “ultimately ‘no blessing shall be withheld’ from the faithful, even if those blessings do not come immediately. In the meantime we rejoice that the call to nurture is not limited to our own flesh and blood.”
Heaven’s Blessings Attend Mothers
Elder Richard G. Scott of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles says a mother’s influence is eternal and infinite. “Who can justly measure the righteous influence of a mother’s love? What enduring fruits result from the seeds of truth that a mother carefully plants and lovingly cultivates in the fertile soil of a child’s trusting mind and heart?”
“As a mother you have been given divine instincts to help you sense your child’s special talents and unique capacities,” says Elder Scott. Elder Neil L. Andersen of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles adds, “To mothers who are raising their children without a father in the home, I promise you that as you speak of Jesus Christ, you will feel the power of heaven blessing you.”
Elder Holland says, “May I say to mothers collectively, in the name of the Lord, you are magnificent. You are doing terrifically well. The very fact that you have been given such a responsibility is everlasting evidence of the trust your Father in Heaven has in you.”
Among the blessings of each of our lives, mothers should hold a special place of honor, President Thomas S. Monson says. “Mother, who willingly made that personal journey into the valley of the shadow of death to give us birth, deserves our undying gratitude.”
“Love your mother,” Elder Ballard implores. “Respect her. Listen to her. Trust her. … Learn from her strengths, her courage, and her faithfulness.”
What can we do to show gratitude? To husbands, Elder Ballard suggests the following:
- Show extra appreciation and give more validation for what your wife does every day. Notice her efforts and say thank you—often. Schedule some evenings together, just the two of you.
- Have a regular time to talk with your wife about each child’s needs and what you can do to help.
- Give your wife a “day away” now and then. Take over the household and give your wife a break from her daily responsibilities. Taking over for a while will greatly enhance your appreciation of what your wife does.
- Come home from work and take an active role with your family. Don’t put work, friends, or sports ahead of listening to, playing with, and teaching your children.
To children and youth, Elder Ballard suggests:
- Pick up your toys when you are finished playing with them, and when you get a little older, you can make your bed, help with the dishes, and do other chores—without being asked.
- Say thank you more often when you finish a nice meal, when a story is read to you at bedtime, or when clean clothes are hung in your closet or put in your drawers.
- Most of all, you can put your arms around your mother often and tell her you love her.
(Editor’s note: “Today’s Family” is a regular feature of Prophets and Apostles Speak Today. It reaffirms the importance of the family as described in “The Family: A Proclamation to the World,” a document published by the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles.)
Previously Published in “Today’s Family”
- Proclamation Still a Clarion Call
- Women of Church Have Great Positive Influence
- Lessons Learned from Fathers
- We Believe in Children
- Children Can Bless Their Homes and Families
- Protect the Power to Create Life
- Marriage Can Fulfill the Soul’s Worthy Yearnings
- Blessings Come from Family Councils
- Choose Wholesome Recreation
- Bring Happiness into Courtship and Marriage | <urn:uuid:3601e82a-ff5d-402c-aa44-7e00a82b124f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://caribbean.churchofjesuschrist.org/the-eternal-role-of-mothers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.952685 | 1,396 | 2.078125 | 2 |
In dentistry, tooth extraction is outlined as the surgical removing of the tooth from its socket. This is completed by a dental skilled with the usage of sterile dental tools. The term “pulling of enamel” is commonly used to describe a troublesome scenario. Having your tooth extracted is necessary to prevent the onset of extra severe complications.
A beauty dentist specifically focuses on making your appearance good; it contains your tooth’s, gums, along with overall features of your look. But to find a excellent dentist which has a good hand in beauty dentistry is kind of difficult. Particularly when one consider for these three elements which are quite vital they’re: high quality of the product, companies they provide, and the cost of the product and beauty dentistry. Thus for locating an ideal dentist it’s a must to search about it, so implants in Kent is certainly one of your search as well as your finding of your search.
However, that is not necessarily true.
You is perhaps approaching your dentist with many issues. Typically the issues may be simple and generally it could possibly even be difficult. Dentistry has perfect answer for all of your dental issues no matter whether it’s sophisticated or not. Most of the cases, you might try your degree greatest to avoid an appointment along with your dentist primarily due to the increasing concern in your mind relating to the extent of pain you’ll have to suffer while undergoing the dentistry treatments. Now the know-how is advanced and a lot of the therapies may be carried down without inflicting any discomforts for you. Also it’s not good to maintain your dental downside like that as it will probably trigger many issues in future where you may not have the ability to bear in any respect. There are lots of sedation dentists working in dental clinics who might be serving to you to get you out of the anxiety in some ways.
Using whitening toothpastes. – Ringing within the ears.
Alternatively, should you undergo from lack of confidence due to an improper line up of your teeth there are beauty procedures out there that can assist you out of the distress. A couple of of the most well-liked procedures carried out by beauty dentists are briefly explained.
If they don’t have accessibility options for disabled patients you’ll have to find a completely different you are having a troublesome time discovering the precise dentist and different dental providers you might have the best to contact the following individuals for assistance in finding a supplier:Your insurance coverage companyYour state division of healthLocal dental schools that are affiliated with local universitiesThe native or state dental affiliation or the ADA. | <urn:uuid:ff486e3c-6d73-4452-98af-f4e2f602ddd1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://panageos.com/dental-care-panageos-a-synopsis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.959779 | 544 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Bankruptcy is a legal procedure that allows an individual or business to have some or all of their debts discharged. It is usually considered as an option of last resort, because while it can stave off financial disaster, it has some significant long-term consequences warranting careful consideration of the costs and benefits. Being a product of federal law, bankruptcy will go through federal courts. Accordingly, the procedure for filing for bankruptcy in Georgia is basically the same as the procedure anywhere else in the United States. However, individual courts in Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia will have individual rules for exemptions, so you should speak with a local attorney before filing.
Chapter 7 Bankruptcy in Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia
There are 2 common types of bankruptcy in Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia. They are known as Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 Bankruptcy. Chapter 7 involves liquidation of some of a debtor's assets. It requires that a certain percentage of the debtor's property to be sold to pay off as much debt as possible. The majority of property that most people own, however, is exempt. This usually includes homes, vehicles, retirement accounts, and others. These are not available to creditors.
Once eligible assets are sold, and the money turned over to the creditors, most remaining debt is discharged. However, there are certain types of debt that cannot be discharged in bankruptcy, including student loans, taxes, child support, and criminal fines. If most of your debt is non-dischargeable, it may not be a good idea to file for bankruptcy in Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia.
Chapter 13 Bankruptcy in Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia
In Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia, chapter 13 is very different from Chapter 7, and may or may not be the best option for you, depending on your situation. Chapter 13 bankruptcy does not eliminate debt, it restructures it. This involves a court coming up with a new repayment plan designed to be manageable for the debtor. This new plan sets aside the terms of the original agreements that created the debt in the first place. This creates a new payment structure, usually involving a single monthly payment, that the debtor should find manageable.
Which Type of Consumer Bankruptcy Should I File in Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia
The answer to this question depends heavily on your individual situation. If you have enough steady income to manage a payment plan, and a lot of non-exempt property that you are unwilling to part with, Chapter 13 might be a good option. If you don't have much steady income, and most of your property is exempt, Chapter 7 might be better.
In any case, it would be a good idea to consult a local bankruptcy Attorney in Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia. Your Attorney can make an educated judgment as to what your best option is, and advise you accordingly (of course, the choice to file for bankruptcy is ultimately yours). | <urn:uuid:e13d2f71-fef8-4f39-9bdd-903cc7be4785> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bankruptcyattorneys.legalmatch.com/GA/Fort-oglethorpe/consumer-bankruptcy.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.957424 | 607 | 1.726563 | 2 |
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At the market in the center of Al-Geneina, the capital of West Darfur, in western Sudan, Kalashnikov is now sold for more than $ 800. Six times more expensive than two years ago. Inflation, which is explained by the fall in the Sudanese pound, but also by the rise in demand.
At Al-Geneina, one does not walk 100 meters without encountering an armed man. This city of more than 200,000 inhabitants, on the border with Chad, has been the scene of incessant violence since 2019. The fall of Omar Al-Bashir’s regime, which was prosecuted for genocide in Darfur by the International Criminal Court (ICC), did so. do not dampen the weapons. What is worse, the region is experiencing an unprecedented increase in conflicts for ten years.
In early June, fighting killed more than 135 people about a hundred kilometers to the north, at the Kulbus site. About twenty villages of the Gimir tribe were razed and burned by Arab militias, nicknamed “janjaweed”. More than 50,000 people had to flee. In April, following the massacre of more than 179 people in the village of Kreinik, the clashes had spread to Al-Geneina, where armed factions killed themselves even in the hospitals in the center of the city.
Since then, the wounded from each camp have been treated separately, in private clinics guarded by militiamen, grenade launchers as evidence behind pick-ups. With each new outbreak of violence, the various Arab and non-Arab communities in Al-Geneina are at odds. Stories of the abuses circulate word of mouth, and hate speech spreads like wildfire on social media.
At the onset of darkness, checkpoints are across the roads, without it always being possible to identify which force is controlling the vehicles. The police are predominantly Masalit, a majority non-Arab tribe in West Darfur. The paramilitaries of the Rapid Support Forces (FSR), placed under the command of General Mohammed Hamdane Daglo, alias Hemetti, number 2 of the Sudanese junta, are mainly from the Arab rizeigat tribes. There are also the rebel groups, Fur or Zaghawa, who signed the Juba peace agreements with the government in 2020.
At the slightest problem, all defend their tribe, regardless of uniform and national flag sewn on the fabric. The regular army, it seems unable to intervene.
“We live in constant threat”
“Everyone is on edge since the Kirinding attacks”, explains Omer Ogal, a comedian living in Al-Geneina. Twice, on December 30, 2019 and January 16, 2021, an armada of armed vehicles, motorcycles and camels swept across this camp for displaced people on the outskirts of the city. These attacks led by Arab militias caused more than 200 casualties, mainly Masalit. Half of the camp was burned down and dozens of women were raped.
Downtown Al-Geneina is now occupied by nearly 100,000 displaced people who survive huddled under rags in schools, ministries or on sports fields. All public buildings in the city have been converted into reception centers, largely flooded by the rain that falls this season.
“We live in constant threat. Those who try to rebuild their homes are being attacked by Arabs. It is not to live.”laments Sheikh Ibrahim, a religious leader, and points to the hundreds of tents scattered around the farm by the Ministry of Education. “Omar Al-Bashir’s regime never left. Here is war seven days a week. We were promised peace, we were brought to death. “he smokes.
Historically, Al-Geneina belonged to Dar Masalit, the sultanate of the eponymous tribe, who until the beginning of the XX.e century spanned the current borders of Chad and Sudan. The Masalites proudly claim that they were never colonized and even held back French troops during the Battle of Dorote in 1910.
Since the last episodes of violence, more and more Masalites have been asking for their independence from Sudan. Under the terms of an agreement signed in 1919 by Sultan Bahr Eddine with the British Crown, which incorporated the region into Sudan, a referendum on self-determination should have been organized seventy-five years later to allow Masalit to choose between staying in Sudan. Chad or become independent. It never happened.
No more common souk, no more mixed marriages
Today, Al-Geneina lives segmented. Faced with permanent insecurity, everyone prefers to stay with their own, according to their tribe. “Here in the customs district, if an Arab passes after sunset, it’s over for him”, explains Hawa Al-Naji from the premises of an association working for peaceful coexistence. In the Al-Jabal district where she lives, there are now two markets: one for the Arabs, the other for the Masalites. No more common souk, no more mixed marriages. “We would like to return, but today cohabitation is impossible”recognizes Nabawia Issa, a 25-year-old official who lost her husband killed in clashes.
In January 2021, activists claimed “Arab nomads” held a rally on the main road and cut off Al-Geneina from the rest of the country for two weeks. They demanded the departure of the Masalit governor and the dismantling of all camps for the displaced in the city. “These are caves of drug smugglers, but also markets for weapons and training for armed movements”justifies Taher Mohammed Kadadi, a member of the Nomads’ Children’s Committee, who believes the massacres against the Kirinding camps were “legitimate”.
The sit-in was partially funded by RSF paramilitary forces, which systematically participate along with Arab militiamen in all attacks in the region. These young people from Arab tribes are trying to reverse the rhetoric that presents the war in Darfur as an operation of ethnic cleansing against the Fur, Zaghawa or Masalit tribes. Since the fall of Bashir, they have presented themselves as victims to non-Arab people who wish “turn the table” and “disappear from the region”.
Many of them are now targeting humanitarian organizations that are working hard to help the displaced. “They are only working with one side. We will prevent them from working here if this continues.threatens Mohammed Musa Hamdan, another member of the collective, and criticizes the role of certain foreign countries – especially France – in neighboring Chad.
As evidenced by the graffiti on the walls reminiscent of the dates of major popular demonstrations, the revolution that ousted Omar Al-Bashir in April 2019 also went through Al-Geneina. But the hope for change was quickly shattered. Hard to hear in the sound of armed violence, a handful of activists are trying to reconnect in a fragmented city.
Actor killed with multiple stab wounds
In his little white car, Omer Ogal drives with the window open. People stop him to shake his hand, tell him they saw the latest video from the squad, sometimes it’s just a horn, a smile or a wink. The 40-year-old actor has built a reputation without ever revealing where he was born or what tribe he is from.
He and his troupe arrange performances throughout the region without distinguishing between the neighborhoods. Their Facebook page has more than 230,000 subscribers, and on YouTube, some of their videos have exceeded 2 million views. “We get access to areas where the state cannot go. Art exceeds these limits, it is one of our only assets “, he says without emphasis. During some shows, the men lay down their arms for a few moments of entertainment.
The Al-Ajawid collective arrives with fanfare to a large wilderness on the outskirts of the Ardamata camp north of the city. In front of hordes of excited children, the team unpacks keyboards and speakers that spit “zinik”popular music all over the country. “Everyday violence has changed children’s behavior, the way they talk”notes Omer Ogal.
On the sidelines of the show, young people crane their heels against the walls of earthen houses. Faez, 20, casts a dubious glance at the comedian miming in his polka dot shirt. He came to escape the boredom, the theater does not interest him. “My childhood never started. We have always been good”, he insists. He wants to work in a factory, “Build things with [ses] hands “. But there is no factory in Al-Geneina. In this district, as everywhere in the city, the horizons are blocked. For those lucky enough to study, the university is forced to close its doors to every new wave of violence.
Omer Ogal dreams of establishing an African film production studio in Al-Geneina. He could have decided, like many others, to break through in Khartoum, but he decided to stay. “We need to change the image of Darfur. News of the massacres travels much faster than news of art and peace. But know that we are not in a hurry.”, he assures. The messages of coexistence that these artists recommend do not appeal to everyone. On May 17, another comedian, Mohamed Yousef, alias Endokai, a street theater pioneer in Al-Geneina, was stabbed to death several times in his home in the Al-Jabal neighborhood. | <urn:uuid:7fe26d7e-efdf-4508-8b54-339ca8322428> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tetracyclinepill.com/2022/07/12/al-geneina-a-city-in-conflict-with-each-other/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.967149 | 2,056 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Arab Researchers Suggest Solutions to Slums
CAIRO—It is Africa’s largest city, yet no one really knows how many people live here. Estimates vary, but hover somewhere around 19 million.
It’s tough to keep track of that many people, a job made harder because so many of Cairo’s residents live unofficially in what’s known as informal housing—or buildings constructed without government permission.
A trip by train through the Nile delta from Cairo to Egypt’s second city, Alexandria, about 130 miles away, reveals the scale of the problem. The view on the journey is dominated by uniform red-brick buildings encased by skeletons of reinforced concrete pillars. They are lined up ceaselessly from the railroad toward the horizon, nestled on what used to be agricultural land.
The houses have few windows, sometimes just a couple of openings for ventilation. They often have steel rods poking out from the roof to make the addition of an extra floor at a later date an easier task.
“The people who live there aren’t poor. They have money, though not a lot,” says Manal El-Shahat, an assistant professor at Ain Shams University’s department of urban planning and design. “They’re converting the land use because the economic conditions are changing. It makes more sense to build than farm on these lands.”
Migration to already-swelling cities is a common trend throughout the region, and it looks likely to continue. “Urbanization is rapid throughout the Arab States. Over the next 40 years, urban populations are set to double,” says Dyfed Aubrey, the Arab States regional director of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme.
Aubrey says people are leaving rural areas in the Arab world for three main reasons: economics, conflict and climate change. Rural residents are leaving their homes to seek cash income, to avoid war, or because changing weather is making it difficult to farm productively.
As much as two thirds of Cairo is made up of informal housing, estimates Omar Nagati, co-founder of Cluster, a non-profit urban studies research lab based in downtown Cairo that often collaborates with universities. “They aren’t squatting, they own the land,” he says, “This is hardly a marginal phenomenon. It’s mainstream.”
Obtaining official permission would involve dealing with several government agencies, including the local municipality, the electricity authority and the water agency. The buildings may not be pleasing to the eye, but they are usually structurally sound, according to Nagati and other experts. They may not be all that comfortable—many of them lack running water or electricity—but they’re not in danger of falling down.
When the government built Cairo’s extensive ring roads in the 1990s, one of its goals was to fence in the sprawl. “There was no attempt to link the informal settlements to the city,” explains Nagati, “Residents might see the ring road literally outside their window but they couldn’t get onto it.”
The ring road bypassed informal areas and instead bridged the city center with wealthier suburbs. So residents of informal housing took matters into their own hands. They built staircases from street level up to the highway, and then moved on to constructing entire access ramps for cars. Nagati says he is aware of at least four such ramps.
The government is aware of such structures, but has opted not to tear them down. The scale of the sprawl is daunting, and efforts to destroy the buildings are unlikely to be more than a token gesture. There also isn’t any political will to execute such an unpopular policy.
Informal housing in Cairo has progressed to informal infrastructure.
While residents are able to take matters into their own hands and build access ramps, there are many other public services they can’t provide. “Everyone builds their own houses, but nobody is building hospitals or schools or public spaces,” says Nagati.
Informal housing isn’t uniquely Egyptian. Baghdad has seen many refugees arrive from war zones, refugees with little money for rent or mortgages. People readily take government land and start building with whatever scrap material they have. “There’s housing in Baghdad made from a mixture of brick, tin cans and straw,” says Aubrey.
Some parts of Cairo’s informal housing resemble the Iraqi slums. El-Shahat, from Ain Shams University, works in some of these neighborhoods. She is a coordinator for the Ezbet Project, which is supported by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and seeks to build a prototype of sustainable construction in the Ezbet Abu Qarn area of Cairo.
El-Shahat’s team is made up of like-minded researchers and students from Ain Shams University. They hope the Ezbet community, which is mainly made up of poorer migrants from Upper Egypt, will follow the prototype’s example and build more sustainable homes. “We’re trying to teach the community how to build in a safe way,” says El-Shahat.
The project is currently building a community center on land donated by other NGOs. The center will provide a space for health services and education and will be built with low-cost materials and efficient methods. For example, the builders are using mud bricks combined with plastic bottles, both readily available materials, to construct the walls.
Other universities in the region are tackling the issue from a research perspective. A paper published last year in The Lancet by researchers at the American University of Beirut and colleagues elsewhere focused on the sustainability—or lack of it—in informal housing. The researchers warned of resource scarcity and ecological degradation caused by uncontrolled and ever expanding settlements.
Moroccan cities used to have a similar problem to Egyptian ones. But in 2004 the government announced a “cities without slums” program. It was mainly an effort to re-house residents in safer and more sanitary homes. Each city had its own target to meet for slum relocation. “The government gave the mayors responsibility to achieve these targets with incentives to meet them,” says Aubrey, “This meant that the slums were prioritized in terms of resources.”
Within seven years of the program’s initiation, about 100,000 new housing units had been built, according to the UN. Because of this, the World Bank refers to the Moroccan effort as a program that worked.
“With the success of Morocco, we hope to introduce learning to other Arab countries, such as Egypt and Iraq,” says Aubrey.
University researchers want to point to other possible solutions. And they hope their efforts to measure and map the problem will help governments to grasp the scale of the issue, the first step toward solving it. | <urn:uuid:657f2e50-ebbe-4019-9cb6-527ba3e061af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.al-fanarmedia.org/2015/06/arab-researchers-suggest-solutions-to-slums/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.966135 | 1,441 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Free personalized metal finishing help!
Acid vs. Alkaline Etch before Anodizing or Chem-Filming Aluminum?
(-----) June 16, 2021
Q. I need some opinions on etching before anodizing/chem film. What are the advantages of an acid etch compared to a caustic etch? What are the drawbacks of each type?? And your choice?
Pretreatment for anodizing for MIL-A-8625 Type I II or 3 generally is mild alkaline clean-rinse-caustic etch-rinse- deoxidize-rinse-anodize. I know several of the major companies in aerospace don't give much leeway on this sequence or products used, but if a company had design authorization to specify the sequence and materials what would you use for chromic anodizing? What are your thoughts on using an acid cleaner/etch and eliminate the caustic etch and deoxidizer? That would mean acid etch-rinse -anodize?
Drew Nosti, CEF
Ladson, South Carolina
July 19, 2021
A. As I know, caustic etch has two major drawbacks:
1. Caustic etches aluminum, but leaves other metal inclusions, like copper and zinc. The following deoxidation step should dissolve them, but this dissolution could be not completed and this will cause incomplete anodizing and failure by corrosion/pitting in salt spray and in service.
2. Also caustic etch causes intergranular corrosion/etching much more than acid etch (deoxidation). IGC will reduce the mechanical strength of the part and promote cracks formation and progress.
Possibly, these are the reasons for aerospace companies not to allow caustic etch on their parts. It is not safe enough. Their process is mild alkaline clean (non-etching)-rinse-deox-rinse-anodize. It is proven for decades as good and safe process.
Plating Process Engineer (retired) - Jerusalem | <urn:uuid:805d2825-d28a-4f02-a986-858c283c28e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.finishing.com/612/59.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.917483 | 448 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Applebees Nutrition Review
for those, who wants to stay fit! You have a splendid opportunity to choose from a great variety of fresh dishes or useful beverages. If you count total calories, try to avoid New England Fish & Chips/Hand Battered Fish Fry (2010 cal.) and Hand-Breaded Fish & Chips (1580 cal.) in Appetizers & Bar Snacks - these dishes have the highest indexes. The least calories number is in beverages that are widely presented in Applebees menu. Large variety of iced teas as Blackberry Honey Quencher Iced Tea, Peach Quencher Iced Tea, Kiwi Iced Tea, Mango Iced Tea, Pomegranate Iced Tea, Raspberry Iced Tea are starts from only 35 cal., and fruit lemonades like Kiwi, Mango, Pomegranate, Blackbarry and Strawberry from only 170 cal.
If you want to have a light meal, salads and soups will be a good choice, starting only from 120 cal. up to 320 cal. But the average indexes is nearly +-200 for a tasty and fresh dish, for instance Tomato Basil Soup or Chicken Tortilla Soup (only 200 cal.) and House Salad (w/o dressing) (200 cal.) or Chili (300 cal.) will not leave you hungry. Don't forget about Wood-Fired Grill - there are also very interesting items, like Steamed Broccoli (90 cal.), Sweet Potato Fries (340 cal.) and Wood-Fired Grilled Veggies (160 cal.). If you don't mind about calories, Chicken, Seafood, Handhelds and Desserts will be glad to present their positions.
We'd recommend you to try Cedar Grilled Lemon Chicken (570 cal.), Butchers Meat & Potatoes (720 cal.) and Battered Fish Sandwich (770 cal.). For those, who can't live without tasty things, we'd advise Dessert Shooter - Hot Fudge Sundae (only 460 cal.). Anyway, don’t forget that meal should also delight, so try to vary you ration. Applebees nutrition
will be glad to help you.
Have a nice meal! | <urn:uuid:a5766640-2640-49cc-95d9-ce706e9a55d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://usalocator.org/applebees-nutrition | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.876502 | 451 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Robotics Training for Kids
We're pretty thrilled to offer after school enrichment programs for Elementary, Middle and High school students with classes in Robotics and Programming in a fun and caring environment. Students will build and program robots, learn engineering, coding, teamwork, problem solving and creative thinking skill.
Our Mindstorms EV3 Robotics class offers building and programming using LEGO Mindstorms EV3 Robotic Kit. Student will build Robot using the newest generation servo motors, Ultrasonic sensor, Color Sensor, Gyro sensor and touch sensor. This program is suitable for students in 4th grade and above.
Learning a new programming language could be hard, boring and time consuming. We teach Python, Java, C++ in a fun and interactive way. students will be introduced to programming concepts using EV3 Robotic kit, games, simulation and apply it to solve algorithms. This program is suitable for students in 5th grade and above.
Another fun way to learn electronics and computer science. Students will build electronics circuits using Arduino board and Raspberry Pi and program the robot using C, C++, Java and Python. Student will learn electronics, computer science Integrated Circuits, etc., This program is suitable for students in 6th grade and above.
Students attending classes will be considered to be part of robotics teams. As a member of a Robotics team, students will work on building and programming custom robot to carryout mission. Depending on age, student will build LEGO Robot or Robot made up of Steel and Electronics part. | <urn:uuid:0b212625-d646-4f7d-a2f7-e01c2876c09c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bothellrobotics.com:443/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.900242 | 323 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Ballyhoo for Ballyfin
Welcome to a renovated Irish mansion house set at the foot of the Slieve Bloom mountains
photographs James Fennell
Fans of Masterpiece Theatre with a yen to experience the genteel lifestyle of a country house now have a chance to play the role at Ballyfin, the ancestral home of the British Coote family, recently transformed into a small, exclusive luxury hotel. Detail by detail, a Chicago businessman has collaborated with a noted Irish designer to convert the Regency limestone mansion into a boutique inn.
About 10 years ago, after restoring an historic residence in Kerry with his Irish wife Kay, Fred Krehbiel, chairman of interconnect products manufacturer Molex, was eager to take on another project. Ballyfin, an early 19th-century mansion, had been battered by nearly a century’s use as a Catholic college occupied by resident members of the order of Patrician Brothers. Situated on 614 acres enclosed by stone walls in the Midlands center of Ireland, it was dilapidated, but just the “pristine ruin” they sought. Partnering with design consultant Jim Reynolds, Krehbiel set about restoring Ballyfin to elegance.
Starting with the Welsh slate roof, they put a halt to rain washing plaster off the walls and buckling the inlaid wooden floors. Sacks of chips saved by the conscientious Brothers were pieced back into the original marquetry patterns. Mahogany doors and window frames were restored. But the charming curvilinear Victorian conservatory was so rusted it had to be dismantled and sent to England for restoration. Outdoors, a 40-step cascade was installed, its falling water enhancing views from the house. The quest for perfection extended to the fountain, which was relocated by two feet in order to line up with the library’s central bow window.
Where blackened timbers had once fallen through the ceiling, an ornate frieze, one of the great achievements of Irish decorative plasterwork, now circles the gold saloon. The elaborate inlaid floor of the rotunda, its design patterned on the Alhambra’s Lion Court, has been restored to the glossy surface where 19th-century Coote children used to set up their model trains. Replacing rows of dormitory sinks and the Cootes’ only flush loo are elaborate baths installed in the suites, each fitted out in marble with English plumbing, towel warmers, and original art such as a collection of wax seals mounted over Lady Caroline Coote’s spacious tub.
In consultation with Colin Orchard, former Colefax and Fowler interior designer, each room was fitted with chintzes in traditional patterns, Irish, English and French antiques, and collections of paintings and porcelain. Fifteen exquisitely appointed bedrooms are decorated individually with fine art, furnishings and fixtures: a Corona canopy bed in the golden Westmeath Room; Chinoiserie wallpaper in the Sir Christopher Coote Suite; Richard Rothwell’s masterpiece mother and child Admiration in the Mountrath Room; a fine mahogany George II secretaire in the Butler Room.
Coote family members offered original family portraits, including a charming 1825 portrait of the four Coote children frolicking with a wagon, which dominates a wall in the gold drawing room. The Krehbiels’ collection of Irish Delft porcelain fills a breakfront in the Whispering Room, and the downstairs men’s loo sports a full wall of vintage British political cartoons.
Guests enjoy cocktails in the drawing room or read in front of a fire in the library. There’s a swimming pool, exercise room and golf courses nearby. The grounds offer fishing on the lake, clay pigeon shooting, hiking and biking. While a staff of 50 attends to every need, guests are not allowed to tip. Say the owners: “The aim is to feel as if you’ve been invited for the weekend.” | <urn:uuid:98a76c7b-7600-494a-a842-9a5cc746a07f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cottagesgardens.com/ballyhoo-for-ballyfin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.951665 | 838 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Search results for: Evolution
Page 1/1 4 items
With more investigation into the reception of evolution in non-Christian majority cultures, and the increased awareness that anti-evolution sentiment is a global phenomenon, new educational resources are being developed to meet newly understood needs. This article explores the situation in Israel regarding conceptions of the compatibility of evolution and religion, as well as the educational initiatives being developed to advance dialogue. Included in the article are data from a study in a Jewish, Muslim and Christian school regarding stakeholders’ views on evolution, as well as insights from the first professional development course for Israeli teachers on “Evolution and Faith”.
Updated: Jun. 15, 2020
Use of Confidence Scales in Analysing Unscientific Ideas about Evolution among Religious Jewish Students
This paper reports on an investigation of two inter-related but different matters, one of interest to science education researchers and teachers in general, and the other to those teaching about evolution. The first was motivated by the dilemma facing teachers who want to diagnose learners' prior knowledge before teaching and are concerned about the teaching time needed to identify existing ideas in a valid way. The paper reports on four benefits of adding a confidence scale to a true-false quiz which is quick and easy to use for diagnostic purposes. The second aspect of the study was motivated by the problems experienced by many religious students when they face the challenge of learning about evolution.
Updated: Mar. 16, 2016
This paper is a response to Haim Shaked’s (“Israel's Official Policy with Regard to Teaching Evolution in Public Schools”, IJJER 7, July 2014) recent call for further attention to the issue of how evolution, and specifically Jewish views of evolution, should be taught in Israeli public schools. In this article we will present initial findings from a pilot project conducted in 2014. We will also share some of the dilemmas we confronted along the path of constructing and executing the pilot. While we agree with Shaked regarding the pressing need to address the issue of Jewish views of evolution within the Israeli school system, we offer a different approach as to how to best accomplish this end.
Updated: Jul. 22, 2015
One of the main aspects of the creation–evolution controversy is the educational one, which deals with the question which explanation should be provided to students, mainly in public education, for the present form of life on Earth. This educational aspect is fertile ground for research; however, the official policy of various states’ educational systems regarding the instruction of evolutionary theory has hardly been investigated. In addition, research about the way in which Jewish education deals with this topic is meager. This article explores the policy of the Israeli Ministry of Education regarding this issue.
Updated: Sep. 23, 2014 | <urn:uuid:daa931d7-da80-4bae-a941-dc4b12696c30> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://education.jed.macam.ac.il/keywords/2705 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.950942 | 582 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Disclaimer | This article may contain affiliate links, this means that at no cost to you, we may receive a small commission for qualifying purchases.
We have seen countless reports on China’s ghost towns over the past several years. Often described as planning failures, it remains to be seen if the millions of square metres will be filled up and these now desolate places will become bustling cities as a result of the rapid urbanisation that the country is undergoing. However it may turn out, the current sights are fascinating and often uncanny.
Artist/photographer Andi Schmied chose one of these Chinese new towns as the subject for a project that goes beyond merely capturing a desolate townscape. Jing Jin City, 100 miles from Beijing, is a luxury resort town consisting of some 4000 villas, a Hyatt Regency resort spa and amenities such as a golf course and a horse racing track. It is not really a ghost town, however, since it is partially populated, but many of the villas remain in various states of completion.
The city is mainly inhabited by gardeners and guards, both of whom are engaged in the task of trying to keep up Jing Jin City’s appearances by holding off nature and other unwanted elements. At the day’s end, their role shifts from workers to residents of the town. As Schmied explains: “they are sleeping in the villas that they are employed to guard, making structures out of unused materials, improvising furniture and modifying the interiors on a daily basis. Inside double-height living rooms, guards build sculptures out of window panes. During winter they break through the ice to go fishing on the frozen river that separates the golf course from the largest villas.” …. | <urn:uuid:e03d044d-ffa8-44e1-b646-6a8e505fefd5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.architecturelab.net/jing-jin-city-an-uninhabited-and-unfinished-chinese-new-town/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.9657 | 356 | 1.796875 | 2 |
There are certain things that can be done to reduce fatigue and enhance performance
Whether you are the type of person that has a busy life, or the type of person that works out as an elite athlete or someone exercising for the first time, rest days are one of the most important aspects of a successful fitness program. Everyone needs a recovery plan, some more than others.
Recovery days are where the body grows and adapts to the stress previously applied to it. An intense lifestyle or intense workouts tax the central nervous system and cause muscular damage. Incorporating a recovery session into your busy life or regular training sessions can help you overcome fatigue and depression.
Depending on the type of person you are, it can be challenging to take rest days. Athletes are accustomed to training every day of the week and producing a large amount of lactic acid. Encouraging people who rather never take days off completely is also challenging. A person must be able to accommodate strength training programs and active recovery exercises with their lifestyle.
What is the purpose of active Recovery?
Active recovery is a form of switching your intense workouts on certain days to a more passive low-intensity workout routine. An active recovery workout often follows a very intense training session. You can use active recovery sessions during a high-intensity interval workout, at the end of a workout, or on a rest day. The same psychology applies to active people that are constantly on the go, such as mothers busy with their children and housework or active businesspeople. By reducing the intensity of your daily routine on an every other day basis, you allow your body to rebuild, regain composure, avoid fatigue and circumvent having stress build in your system.
It is also important to fit in multiple rest periods during your daily routine. Five to ten minutes of rest between the workings of a busy day regenerate the body and reduces stress. The minute you say, “I don’t have time for that,” you know you are on your way to crashing by the end of the day. And what it’s worse is crashing mid-day when you still have several hours of work or when you’re in the middle of a workout.
© Copyright – Hector Sectzer | <urn:uuid:ef405f07-53b8-47d0-98e6-c655f94211cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.smartnesshealth.com/health/why-am-i-so-fatigued-every-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.959605 | 453 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Being on planet earth for a quarter of a century is quite something, you know?
When you're any age, you think you know everything and that there's nothing more you could possibly learn.
It's naivety, and we are all afflicted by it at various points in our lives. But I've realised as the years tick by, that I feel I know less than I used to.
Maybe it's youthful arrogance that fades but whatever it is, I hit my 25th birthday and felt like I'd gotten more stupid.
Twenty-five is a funny age, it sounds more adult than 24 and it feels like you kinda have to start getting your shit together. You're young, sure, but you're not young.
So, with all that rambling done, I thought I'd impart some wisdom (that term should be used loosely) that I've gathered in my 25 years and hope that it helps some of you.
1. Not everyone is going to like you and that's tough
It's horrible the first time you cop that someone isn't your biggest fan…and you've done f*ck all to make it so.
While it stings, the reality is – if someone knows the real you and doesn't wanna be best mates, it's their loss and definitely not yours.
2. Friendship takes work
Like, hard work.
The first few months and even years might be plain sailing, but it always hits a road bump.
Because that's life. If you give up after a bad row, you didn't deserve the friendship. People are flawed and things aren't always rosy but if your friend is someone you want to keep in your life, don't risk losing them. Dig deep and sort it out.
3. Your mother is (almost) always right
This isn't an easy one to admit but I've learned that it's true.
Listen to her when she gives unasked-for advice about relationships/jobs/health/friends. Just don't tell her you are.
4. Pretending to know something is a waste of time
''You know in The Jungle Book when…'' I've never seen it. There, I said it.
Own up to not knowing things. It doesn't make you look stupid, just genuine.
5. People's behaviour is rarely to do with you
Your boss a bit off today? Is your best friend being cold in her messages?
Newsflash: the world doesn't revolve around you.
They're more than likely have a shitty day and it has nothing to do with you.
Or else, assume it hasn't until they tell you otherwise.
6. Try to do things without wanting something in return.
Want to end your bf/gf a sweet message? Do it.
But don't do it because you want a sweet message back, do it because you want THEM to get a sweet message.
7. People act certain ways for reasons
I used to be – and still am, working on it – massively judgemental.
If a friend didn't want to go out, I'd be like ''For feck sake, how boring are they?'' but sometimes people do things for their own personal reasons that are none of my business and I have to keep that in mind.
8. Pee after sex…seriously
UTIs are no joke.
9. If you love someone, tell 'em
Sounds like a no-brainer but if you feel it, say it.
10. You can't force someone to love you…and you can't force someone to be someone they're not
It's sad but true.
If you're trying to make someone love you or fancy you, they aren't for you.
11. Wear the mini-skirt
You only get this banging body in your 20s so show it off – also show it off at whatever age you want but definitely now.
12. Wear your retainer
Braces are cute once…not twice.
13. Heartbreak is one of the greatest things that can happen to you
It sounds ironic but it's true.
It's the most disgusting thing to have to go through but there's something that being so vulnerable does to you…it opens you up in a totally cool way.
It makes you talk to random people, it makes you look at yourself – really look at all the ugly bits that you'd rather not and want to do something about them.
It teaches you humility and shows you how strong the bond of love is..it's fascinating.
There's that quote about learning more when you're miserable opposed to when you're happy and it's kind of true. Embrace heartbreak, I say.
14. MIND YOUR SKIN
It'll thank you later for giving it water and cleansing it after a night of booze.
15. Jealousy is silly
It doesn't do anyone any favours.
Trust people until they give you a reason not to…it's something I really have to work on.
16. Get help if things are shite
Things get too much, talk to a professional. It's harder to book that first session with a counsellor than you might think but it is so worth it.
Life is tough enough- help yourself when you can.
17. Like yourself because you spend an awful lot of time with yourself
It does what it says on the tin.
18. Try new things, things that scare you – hiking, food, movies, music
I'm kind of prejudice against certain foods or movies (Westerns, anyone?) but giving something different a go once in a while broadens the mind.
And it means you always have something to talk about.
19. People you love will hurt you
Sometimes it's deliberate, something not. It's because they're human.
Forgiveness is a wonderful thing – it frees you.
20. Spend time with family – they won't always be there
Visit your grandma for a cup of tea and ask her about her life in the 1960s.
Ring your aunt and have a gossip.
Have a pamper night with your sister or cousin – they're ready-made mates that you're so lucky to have.
21. Doing things alone is fun
Sitting in a cinema alone is THE BEST.
Have dinner alone and don't give a f*ck what anyone thinks – they're probably in awe of you and jel that they're not doing it.
You don't always have to surround yourself with people – be good with being by yourself.
22. Trust your gut
We tend to ignore when the tiny voice in our heads warns up against something, or something just feels off in a relationship or job.
Your intuition will serve you so well – if only you tune into it.
23. You're not a nice person, sometimes
This is a tough one.
You are flawed. At times you're selfish, mean, hurtful and rude.
You might not mean it or realise it but we are all selfish at times.
Try to be aware when family members tell you about your weak points.
24. Eat the local cuisine
I went to Budapest and had a safe meal – and kicked myself afterwards.
When in Rome, as they say – always try local food and drink because that's what will enrich your life and you never know, you could stumble upon your new fave dish.
25. Kiss – a lot
It's free, burns calories and it's FUN.
You'll be 90-years-old one day so you might as well kiss as many rides while you can. | <urn:uuid:756bd5fa-5e93-4c02-b9f2-bd6eb1664a30> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.shemazing.net/tag/milennial/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.972114 | 1,598 | 1.53125 | 2 |
At the Conflict and Education Learning Laboratory (CELL Foundation), we work with scholars, researchers, policymakers, and practitioners from diverse fields to build an information hive on divisive stereotypes in textbooks. We engage a broad array of actors to foster open discussion and debate on how to tackle the scourge of divisive stereotypes.RESEARCH LABPOLICY LAB
In Focus communicates the latest research and expertise, as well as reflects upon current events and trends, related to divisive stereotypes and/or textbooks in concise and digestible analytical articles, opinion pieces, and briefs. Contact us if you would like to contribute.
News and events related to CELL's mission | <urn:uuid:0f6d662a-dcfe-4665-b133-86a49feed05a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cell.foundation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.890877 | 131 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Process Efficiency Can Be Improved with Process Automation
Process efficiency can be achieved through process improvement methods that increase throughput in a cost-effective way with the same, or fewer, resources and can be part of operational efficiency initiatives.
Process efficiency can be defined as the amount of effort required to achieve a business outcome.
A business result could be anything your company produces, whether it's a product (tangible or intangible) or the delivery of a service. Most companies produce products and services. For instance, even though Apple produces electronics, it also has to service customers when there are issues. In both cases, Apple wants the processes involved to be as efficient as possible delivering these outcomes, whether it's a cutting edge laptop or a satisfied customer.
Before a process can become more efficient it must be fully understood. That means everyone involved in improving the process must understand:
Once these elements are understood and agreed on by stakeholders, strategies can begin to be formed to ensure the strengths are kept while the weaknesses are eliminated.
The benefits of improved process workflow are numerous:
To help you plan your strategy for making your processes more efficient, we've written several articles on the topic:
Process Automation contributes to process efficiency by using business rules and automated tasks to ensure process fidelity. Once a process is optimized theoretically, it must be put into practice. In some cases, this means providing standard operating procedures for each team member to follow. In other cases, it means the process is built out within a process automation platform to automate the simple, rote parts of the process and keep things moving forward.
We have a variety of resources to help you research process automation and efficiency.
To see how quickly you can begin automating your business processes, request a demonstration or trial of Integrify.
Receive ideas, tips, and information about productivity and improving your workflow.
Copyright © 2022 Integrify All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:a07acd7b-5ca4-40de-b797-09876a411513> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.integrify.com/process-efficiency/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.935581 | 392 | 2.125 | 2 |
Mason, seat of Mason County, Texas
Mason, the county seat of Mason County, is on Comanche Creek at the junction of Interstate Highway 87/State Highway 29 and Ranch roads 1871 and 386, in the central part of the county. It grew up around Fort Mason, established in 1851, although some settlers were already in the area before that date. One of the first, William S. Gamel, is thought to have arrived around 1846. Peter Birk and Henry Hick were among the first German settlers who moved west from Fredericksburg. Near the site of present Mason is Gamel Spring, where John O. Meusebach is thought to have signed a treaty with Comanche Chief Ketemoczy in 1847. The area was a favorite Indian campsite, and Gamel Spring was later used as a source of water by Fort Mason. Early settlers gathered around the fort, attracted by the opportunities for employment and protection from Indian attacks. Other settlers were soldiers from the fort whose terms of enlistment had expired. A sutler's store and blacksmith shop formed the nucleus of the early town when they were moved from the actual fort on Post Hill to the nearby community of Mason.
Mason at a Glance
Mason is part of or belongs to the following places.
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Mason by the Numbers
This is some placeholder text that we should either remove or replace with a brief summary about this particular metric. For example, "We update population counts once per year..."
|2,293||2019||Texas Demographic Center|
|2,114||2010||Texas Demographic Center|
|2,134||2000||Texas Demographic Center|
|2,041||1990||Texas Demographic Center|
|2,153||1980||Texas Demographic Center|
|1,806||1970||Texas Demographic Center|
|1,815||1960||Texas Demographic Center|
|2,448||1950||Texas Demographic Center|
|1,500||1940||Texas Demographic Center|
|2,000||1930||Texas Demographic Center|
|1,200||1920||Texas Demographic Center|
|1,137||1900||Texas Demographic Center|
|575||1880||Texas Demographic Center| | <urn:uuid:98113abf-b633-42bc-baf5-0288ec8cbfe9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.texasalmanac.com/places/mason | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.912497 | 645 | 2.828125 | 3 |
The value of a website can be calculated objectively, just like the value of a house. In this case it is not about the square footage, number of rooms or location, but about the number of visitors, how much these visitors are worth and how easy it is for potential customers to find your website, without the use of paid advertisements.
You can determine the number of visitors by using your web analytics tool, such as for instance Google Analytics. If you look at the searches people make to find your website (Search Console), you will get the number of visitors per search query per month.
Unfortunately, this data is only available to the website owners themselves and you cannot take a peek at how well or badly they are doing. However, you can make an estimation based on how many visitors per month type that query into Google (search volume) and the position for which the website is ranking for that query.
The number of visitors that a certain ranking result brings, decreases as you move further down the top 10. Below you can see the percentage of people who, after typing a search query in Google, click on that specific ranking. This is also known as the Click Through Rate (CTR).
When users type a query into Google 100,000 times per month, e.g. ‘rent a holiday home’, the first ranking will receive 28,500 visitors for that keyword alone. The second ranking gets 15,700 visitors and the 10th position still gets 2,500 visitors. Results on the 2nd page in Google – ranking 11 to 20 – will get less than 1% of visitors.
The best known method for buying visitors is through Google Ads. You enter a keyword and the budget you want to spend, and Google will display your ad when someone enters the keyword. Depending on your competitors and the budget they spend, you will bid against each other. The ad of the one with the biggest wallet, will be shown highest.
The amount you pay per visitor to Google Ads is known as the cost per click or CPC (Cost Per Click). Google Ads uses 2 rates:
This is the minimum amount a visitor will cost you if you want the ad to be shown at the bottom of the first page.
This is the amount per visitor you will have to pay when you want your ad to be displayed at the very top of the first page.
If you know all the search queries on which a website is ranked in Google, calculate what the worth per search query is and add them all up, you get the value of the website. This is expressed in € per month, because that is what it would cost per month if you would have to ‘buy’ all those visitors through Google Ads.
The data we use is obtained as a result of the more than 800 million searches we monitor worldwide. Statistically, this provides an accurate picture of how a website ranks in Google and, as a result, how much it is worth. This data is purely informative and may not be used for any other purposes, e.g. selling websites, determining the market value of an e-commerce site, etc.
Find out how much your website is worth here. | <urn:uuid:e1d37095-7be6-4f5a-b3e6-1fccfe88d158> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://keyboost.co.uk/how-much-is-a-website-worth/website-value/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.940458 | 649 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Older adults who take a novel antioxidant that specifically targets cellular powerhouses, or mitochondria, see aging of their blood vessels reverse by the equivalent of 15 to 20 years within six weeks, according to new CU Boulder research.
The study, published this week in the American Heart Association journal Hypertension, adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting pharmaceutical-grade nutritional supplements, or nutraceuticals, could play an important role in preventing heart disease—the nation’s No. 1 killer. It also resurrects the notion that oral antioxidants, which have been broadly dismissed as ineffective in recent years, could reap measurable health benefits if properly targeted, the authors say.
“This is the first clinical trial to assess the impact of a mitochondrial-specific antioxidant on vascular function in humans,” said lead author Matthew Rossman, a postdoctoral researcher in the department of integrative physiology. “It suggests that therapies like this may hold real promise for reducing the risk of age-related cardiovascular disease.”
For the study, Rossman and senior author Doug Seals, director of the Integrative Physiology of Aging Laboratory, recruited 20 healthy men and women age 60 to 79 from the Boulder area.
Half took 20 milligrams per day of a commercially available supplement called MitoQ. It’s made by chemically altering the naturally-occurring antioxidant Coenzyme Q10 to make it cling to mitochondria inside cells.
The other half took a placebo.
After six weeks, researchers assessed how well the lining of blood vessels, or the endothelium, functioned, by measuring how much subjects’ arteries dilated with increased blood flow.
Then, after a two-week “wash out” period of taking nothing, the two groups switched, with the placebo group taking the supplement, and vice versa. The tests were repeated.
The researchers found that when taking the supplement, dilation of subjects’ arteries improved by 42 percent, making their blood vessels, at least by that measure, look like those of someone 15 to 20 years younger. An improvement of that magnitude, if sustained, is associated with about a 13 percent reduction in heart disease, Rossman said. The study also showed that the improvement in dilation was due to a reduction in oxidative stress.
In participants who, under placebo conditions, had stiffer arteries—another indication of vascular dysfunction—supplementation was associated with reduced stiffness.
A previous study conducted in the Seals laboratory in mice showed similar results.
“In old mice it reversed the age-related changes in their vascular function and made it look like they had the arteries of young mice,” said Seals.
Shedding new light on antioxidants
Blood vessels grow stiff and have trouble dilating with age largely as a result of oxidative stress, the excess production of metabolic byproducts called free radicals which can damage the endothelium and impair its function. When we’re young, our bodies produce enough antioxidants to quench those free radicals. But with age, the balance tips, as mitochondria and other cellular processes produce excess free radicals and the body’s antioxidant defenses can’t keep up, Rossman said.
Oral antioxidant supplements like vitamin C and vitamin E fell out of favor after several large studies showed them to be ineffective.
“This study breathes new life into the discredited theory that supplementing the diet with antioxidants can improve health,” said Seals. “It suggests that targeting a specific source—mitochondria—may be a better way to reduce oxidative stress and improve cardiovascular health with aging.”
The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health. MitoQ Limited provided supplements and some financial support. This summer, Rossman and Seals plan to launch a three-month follow-up study to confirm the findings in a larger number of subjects and look more closely at the impact the compound has on mitochondria.
The same lab published another study recently, showing that a different compound called nicotinamide riboside may also be able to reverse vascular aging in healthy subjects.
“Exercise and eating a healthy diet are the most well-established approaches for maintaining cardiovascular health,” said Seals, a professor of integrative physiology. “But the reality is, at the public health level, not enough people are willing to do that. We’re looking for complementary, evidence-based options to prevent the age-related changes that drive disease. These supplements may be among them.”
The Latest on: Nutraceuticals
via Google News
The Latest on: Nutraceuticals
- Toddler displayed this bizarre symptom before her cancer diagnosison August 10, 2022 at 4:30 pm
The parents of a 17-month-old girl have opened up about their toddler’s symptoms that led to the discovery of her heartbreaking cancer diagnosis.
- Inside Olivia Newton-John’s California Ranch and Other Real Estate She Sold After Stage 4 Cancer Diagnosison August 10, 2022 at 4:00 pm
Here's a look at the California ranch where Olivia Newton-John spent her final days, and the inside of the Australian estate she once owned.
- The 13 'red flag' symptoms cancer doctor says people should get checked out immediatelyon August 10, 2022 at 10:04 am
New research has shown that many people ignore 'red flag' cancer symptoms Half of UK adults with a possible cancer symptom do not contact their GP within six months, despite spotting changes to their ...
- Wildlife SOS star Simon Cowell shares devastating terminal cancer diagnosison August 10, 2022 at 6:44 am
The conservationist, who appeared in the popular Animal Planet documentary from 1996 to 2014, said he did not know how long he had left to live as he launched a fundraising mission ...
- Wildlife SOS star reveals devastating terminal cancer diagnosison August 10, 2022 at 6:01 am
WILDLIFE SOS star Simon Cowell has been given a devastating terminal cancer diagnosis. The 70-year-old was told after a routine scan that he’s suffering from an “aggressive” form ...
- 13 red flag cancer symptoms to absolutely get checked outon August 10, 2022 at 5:58 am
A YouGov poll of 2,468 people for Cancer Research UK (CRUK cancerresearchuk.org) found just 48% of those who’d experienced a red flag symptom, such as unexplained weight loss and a new or unusual lump ...
- Woman who was ‘terrified’ of breast cancer diagnosed twice before turning 30on August 10, 2022 at 2:03 am
A mum whose fear of getting breast cancer prompted her to check daily for lumps for years only to have the disease twice by the time she was 30 is campaigning for kinder treatments after chemotherapy ...
- Research discovery may help diagnose and treat cancer and brain disorderson August 9, 2022 at 11:36 pm
Researchers at Queen's University Belfast have revealed how the pathway of an identified protein could lead to early diagnosis and targeted treatment for several cancers and brain disorders.
- Dame Olivia Newton-John sent actress ‘beautiful letter’ after cancer diagnosison August 9, 2022 at 6:17 pm
Dame Olivia Newton-John sent actress ‘beautiful letter’ after cancer diagnosis - Delta Goodrem originally met the Grease star at the age of seven in a chance encounter in New York, years before her ...
via Bing News | <urn:uuid:5d3c04f8-3dda-4813-9c9d-ad9185235a2d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://innovationtoronto.com/2018/04/older-adults-who-take-a-novel-antioxidant-see-aging-of-their-blood-vessels-reverse-by-the-equivalent-of-15-to-20-years/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.938276 | 1,545 | 2.65625 | 3 |
A Blueprint for a New Party
With the rise of Donald Trump, we need to think seriously about what it would take to form a democratic organization rooted in working class
Date Written: 14/11/2016
Year Published: 2016
Resource Type: Article
Cx Number: CX20100
A proposal for a national political organization that would have chapters at the state and local levels, a binding program, a leadership accountable to its members, and electoral candidates nominated at all levels throughout the country.
The question isn't new, and so far the debate has unfolded along familiar lines. Advocates of third-party politics who backed Sanders in the primaries, like Seattle councilmember Kshama Sawant, went on to support Jill Stein's Green Party candidacy. Meanwhile, longstanding opponents of the third-party route, like democratic socialist columnist Harold Myerson, have argued that the Left should focus on trying to change the Democratic Party from within.
The widespread support for Bernie Sanders's candidacy, particularly among young people, has opened the door for new ideas about how to form a democratic political organization rooted in the working class.
The following is a proposal for such a model: a national political organization that would have chapters at the state and local levels, a binding program, a leadership accountable to its members, and electoral candidates nominated at all levels throughout the country.
As a nationwide organization, it would have a national educational apparatus, recognized leaders and spokespeople at the national level, and its candidates and other activities would come under a single, nationally recognized label. And, of course, all candidates would be required to adhere to the national platform. | <urn:uuid:3122cf05-c37a-47e3-ba96-61c2c90c49cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.connexions.org/CxLibrary/CX20100.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.954343 | 386 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Adding accounts to Quickbooks is very easy, the warning here is that it is so easy that making a mistake either in placement of the account or the identification of where to put it may be a little deceiving. It is always advisable that you consult a professional to help you as once you add these accounts and begin using them, it can be a long procedure to correct mistakes. And because each business is unique in it’s accounts, it may take a little creative maneuvering to best fit your type of business. Having said that, let’s look at your different options in adding accounts.
I. Income Accounts
There may be several ways that your business receives income. (this is where the help of a ProAdvisor comes in) For example if you are a service industry business, let’s use a lawn care company as an example. The overall easy way to handle this is to enter ALL income into one account. However, this doesn’t help you as a business owner decide which of your services is more profitable than another. You may not care about that, but it only takes another few minutes of effort to get it right, so let’s make sure we do so. Create an account for income for lawn maintenance, another for landscape design and yet another for pest control or another similar service. Create a parent account named Lawn Services and a sub account for each of the areas you earn income in. Upon entering these sub-accounts you will see a box labeled sub-account of, check that box and type Lawn Services. The description, note and tax-line mapping boxes are optional, for the best results however, at least utilize the tax-line mapping and an income account will more than likely fit the first category listed which is Income: Gross Sales or Services. Consult your tax professional for more help with this area.
II. Expense Accounts
The expense window looks identical to the income in every way. I highly recommend a wise use of sub-accounts in the expense accounts area as well. For example, grouping your electrical, water and phone bills under utilities is what a lot of businesses do, however, what happens when you add a cell phone?
I would create a parent account for utilities and sub-accounts for power, water, phone, and other utilities. I would also suggest doing the same with advertising expenses, having one parent account for advertising and sub-accounts for signs, yellow pages ads, internet ads, and more so you can keep more careful track of your cash flow.
When you get to payroll expenses, you are definitely going to need to use sub-accounts appropriately and create sub-accounts for FICA payable – Company, Social Security Payable – Company, Worker’s Comp, etc. If you do not use Intuit’s Payroll services, that’s okay, but it increases the risk of mistakes in transmission of information from the payroll companies’ to the Quickbooks files.
III. Fixed Assets
There is a step by step procedure in entering fixed assets into Quickbooks and a detailed explanation of how to categorize your fixed assets. Fixed Assets include buildings, land, Machinery, vehicles and Accumulated Depreciation. The only difference in the Fixed Assets window is that the Tax-Line Mapping is automatically entered for you.
IV. Bank Accounts
In Quickbooks a Bank Account isn’t always necessarily an actual bank account. When entering a regular bank account whether it’s checking or savings, Quickbooks will ask for the opening balance as of a certain date. (If this is a new account, the opening balance isn’t necessary, it will be $0.00) For a more accurate picture of your business’ financial situation, and to ensure an accurate reconciliation of your bank account, enter the opening balance, which will be the ending balance of the previous month. If this account was used for any business transactions prior to the date you install Quickbooks, it would be a good idea to have a Professional help you enter these transactions accurately.
When is a bank account NOT a bank account? If your business is using petty cash system, (to make change for customers, etc) it is best to set up Petty Cash as a separate bank account so that you can transfer funds from Petty Cash to Undeposited Funds when necessary.
What if you have a customer with whom you have an agreement to trade your services/products with theirs? In this case, you can create a bank account called Trade or Barter and deposit the value of your products/services to offset those of your customers. Neither one are actually bank accounts, but they make it easy to keep track of those ‘creative’ transactions.
A Loan account keeps track of the amount you owe on loans from those who you owe money to. This is NOT a long term liability account, this is money lent to the business by others and which you intend on paying back within the year. You have use of the funds, which is an asset, and you owe the loaner, which is a liability. If you need to enter a loan for a vehicle, building, etc, it needs to be in the Long Term Liability accounts.
VI. Credit Card Accounts
You must add a credit card to your account list to gain access to the Enter Credit Card Charges feature on the Quickbooks home menu. Credit Cards can be used to pay for expenses, items or bills. When using Credit Cards to pay bills, one common mistake business owners make is not choosing the correct account to pay the bill out of. If you are using more than one Credit Card, take it slow and make sure that your payments and credits to the account are appropriately applied or reconciliations will be a nightmare and a half.
You are given the option of being able to enter the account number, expiration date and more as you are entering the card for the first time. As long as you don’t have a situation where innumerable people have access to your Quickbooks files, it is perfectly safe to enter this information, if you do have that situation, consider hiring someone else or restricting access to others on your Quickbooks network.
VII. Equity Accounts
An equity account includes owner’s draw, owner’s contributions, etc (these categories change names but not function, depending on the legal formation of the company). This is the money the business owner invests in order to begin the company and the subsequent money they have to draw from in order to keep the company running. The retained earnings account is an equity account that is added by Quickbooks at year end when the revenue and expenses are calculated. The description that is given this account by Quickbooks is “undistributed earnings of the company”. In the case of a company just beginning to use Quickbooks, the account can be created manually for previous years balances in another accounting software system by creating the account manually and entering in the opening balance from the previous year.
The rest of the accounts are going to be examined in a separate article where we will discuss common mistakes made in entering these accounts and the occasional symbiotic relationship these accounts have with one another. | <urn:uuid:c4b104b3-40c6-4d6a-afa6-1f99d6fbfc75> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rppc.net/setting-up-quickbooks-entering-accounts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.941037 | 1,494 | 1.625 | 2 |
Falls are common. Each year one in every three people aged over 65 will fall. Around one in ten falls lead to serious injury. Most of us have a friend or relative who has experienced an injury from a fall and know what a life-changing event it can be.
The most common serious injuries are fractures and brain injuries. Falls can also result in a loss of confidence, which can lead to restriction of activity and a lower quality of life. Many older people never regain their pre-fall level of function and might even struggle to keep living by themselves.
Why do we fall in older age?
Falls happen when there is a mismatch between our physical abilities and the immediate demands of the environment or activity being undertaken.
Falls become more common as we get older because as we age, there is a natural decline in muscle strength, balance and vision, all of which are important for helping us stay upright.
The risk of falls is increased by certain medical conditions (such as Parkinson’s disease, dementia and stroke) and certain medications (such as sleeping tablets).
But this doesn’t mean falls are inevitable.
Exercise makes the most difference
Exercise that aims to improve balance and leg strength is the most effective in preventing falls.
This means exercise that is carried out while standing (not while seated), with the feet positioned close together or while standing on one leg (if safe to do so), while performing controlled movement of the upper body (leaning and reaching movements, for example).
Balance training combined with strength training for the major muscle groups is most effective.
These exercises need to be tailored to individual abilities. Middle-aged people with good physical function will benefit from harder exercises (such as functional training at a gym or boot camp incorporating squats and step-ups).
Effective exercises for people with impaired physical function or frailty will follow the same principles but should be modified for safety and effectiveness. These include everyday activities such as standing up from a seated position without using arms for support, walking up and down stairs, walking in one line, stepping over obstacles or balancing on one leg.
For lasting impacts, it’s important this type of exercise is done often. The World Health Organization recommends incorporating these exercises two to three times a week as part of the 150-300 minutes a week of moderate activity recommended for improving health.
Not everyone enjoys exercising, which means some people struggle to prioritise it. It’s very important to know nobody is ever “too old” to start exercising, and benefits are gained at any age. But don’t hold off to start exercising either – the earlier we start to build our strength and balance, the better off we will be in our older years.
Starting small and building up the amount and intensity of activity, and choosing something enjoyable, are the best ways to start. If you can’t reach a high dose of exercise initially, any amount is better than nothing.
If you like exercising in a group, consider finding a local program and invite a friend along for added support and social connection. Your state government or local council should have their classes listed online.
If you’re not sure where to start, the best thing to do is to seek professional help to select exercises that suit your abilities and health conditions. Talk to your GP, your local physio or exercise physiologist.
What else can we do to prevent falls?
In addition to exercise to improve balance and strength, other actions that can reduce the risk of falls include talking to your doctor or pharmacist to review your medications, seeing a podiatrist if you have painful feet, and maximising the safety of your home environment by installing adequate lighting and grab rails, and ensuring walkways are free from clutter and liquid spills.
Falls are not inevitable as we age. We need investment in strategies to help older Australians stay active and independent, and avoid falls. Despite knowing what works to avoid them, we have no national policy or strategy to implement and fund fall prevention programs. Doing so would not only help older Australians, but the budget bottom-line too.
This article is the result of a collaboration between:
Anne Tiedemann receives funding from the National Health and Medical Research Council.
Cathie Sherrington receives funding from the National Health and Medical Research Institute.
Kim Delbaere receives funding from the National Health and Medical Research Council. Kim Delbaere is the President of the Australian and New Zealand Falls Prevention Society. | <urn:uuid:3df2ee09-4973-452e-ad09-cc6b6e565259> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tagg.com.au/im-getting-older-how-can-i-prevent-falls/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.945796 | 928 | 3.703125 | 4 |
The inexpensive and ubiquitous Remote for the Nintendo Wii game system uses a combination of technologies that are highly suited for music generation and control. These include position tracking, tilt and motion measurement in three dimensions, a two-dimensional joystick (with its companion "Nunchuk"), and multiple buttons. A new accessory, the "MotionPlus", adds gyroscopic sensing and another, the "Balance Board" adds body-position sensing. Use of the system in several musical performance contexts is examined including conducting a synthetic orchestra and playing expressive single and multi-user instruments.
Click to purchase paper as a non-member or login as an AES member. If your company or school subscribes to the E-Library then switch to the institutional version. If you are not an AES member and would like to subscribe to the E-Library then Join the AES!
This paper costs $33 for non-members and is free for AES members and E-Library subscribers. | <urn:uuid:936041fa-fc17-49aa-ac59-51986c1b07a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=15083 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.928858 | 216 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Delivering up to 860 litres per hour at up to 175 bar pressure
On this page
- Typical applications
- Explore our range
- Custom plunger pumps
The Plunger Pump functions like a piston pump, it sits within the oscillating positive displacement pump sector. However, instead of a piston, such pumps have one or several plungers as displacing element(s). The plunger is fed straight into a working chamber by a stroke movement, whereby the plunger is sealed off by a fixed seal. During intake, the plunger moves out of the working chamber, generating a suction effect, as the liquid to be conveyed streams into the pump through a suction valve. With the conveying movement, the plunger moves back, and the suction valve closes due to its own weight, a pressure valve opens, and the medium is conveyed out of the pump by the plunger.
The Grosvenor Plunger Pump Range delivers significant pressure through the utilization of high efficiency valves on the suction and discharge ports. This high pressure delivery results in an extremely accurate dosing solution.
Pump ends for the standard Plunger Pump are available with either 316 Stainless Steel or Cast Iron and Brass components. Valve assemblies are 316 Stainless Steel or Brass. The Valve Balls are available in 316 Stainless Steel, PTFE, Ceramic for Polypropylene. Valve Springs are 316 Stainless Steel and Gland Seals and O-Rings are Nitrile or PTFE. These pumps deliver up to 860 litres per hour at up to 175 bar pressure.
Grosvenor Plunger pumps can be used in a wide variety of applications, wherever liquid media has to be pumped at high pressure, they provide suitable solutions.
Given our sophisticated design, optimized material selection, flexible speed control and high precision manufacture, our plunger pumps can be used 24 hours a day without interruption. All material can be pumped in a liquid state. This can be water or oil at normal temperatures, but also hot oils and liquid gasses such as carbon dioxide and ammoniac. Due to their functional principle, plunger pumps are ideally suited for solutions with abrasives such as detergent slurries or coal mashes.
Typical Applications for Grosvenor Plunger Pumps Include:
- Process Technology for the Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries
- Pressure Testing
- Urea Production
- Cleaning Applications
- Oil and Gas Production
- Coal Liquefaction
Explore our range of plunger pumps
Grosvenor stocks a range of standard base model plunger pumps on the shelf ready to go. Click to learn more or use the custom order form to talk to us about a custom solution.
Grosvenor Pumps specialise in custom plunger pumps
We have been building custom pumps for over 60 years
Grosvenor Pumps understands that every pumping application requires a different solution, tailored to the needs of the specific industries worldwide. We operate a flexible manufacturing & assembly facility that enable us to offer Bespoke services to our customers. With our modular design and manufacturing in house we can build unique systems that incorporate a range of different pump heads, gearboxes, motors, stroke adjusters and more.
Our team is ready to help you build your solution.
Plunger Pump FAQs
Find some commonly asked questions about plunger pumps. For anything else, do not hesitate to contact us. | <urn:uuid:cedeeba1-aa14-48cc-a910-b2fb81515cfd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://grosvenorpumps.com/products/dosing-and-metering-pumps/plunger-pumps/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.896987 | 715 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Maria Elisa Sabatini & Susanna Chiocca, British Journal of Cancer, 11 November 2019
The human papillomavirus (HPV) family includes more than 170 different types of virus that infect stratified epithelium. High-risk HPV is well established as the primary cause of cervical cancer, but in recent years, a clear role for this virus in other malignancies is also emerging.
Indeed, HPV plays a pathogenic role in a subset of head and neck cancers—mostly cancers of the oropharynx—with distinct epidemiological, clinical and molecular characteristics compared with head and neck cancers not caused by HPV.
This review summarises our current understanding of HPV in these cancers, specifically detailing HPV infection in head and neck cancers within different racial/ethnic subpopulations, and the differences in various aspects of these diseases between women and men.
Finally, we provide an outlook for this disease, in terms of clinical management, and consider the issues of ‘diagnostic biomarkers’ and targeted therapies.
Originally published: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-019-0602-7 | <urn:uuid:3955abf3-1742-484a-b0c3-30033a58c183> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://headneckcancerforum.com/human-papillomavirus-as-a-driver-of-head-and-neck-cancers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.925495 | 238 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Pratham Books wins 2020 Library of Congress Literacy Award
We are thrilled to announce that Pratham Books has won the prestigious 2020 Library of Congress Literacy Award, recognizing our responsiveness to the unique needs faced by children during the current unprecedented times, and our efforts over the past few months to spread the joy of reading to children everywhere through the Covid-19 pandemic.
The Literacy Awards, originated by David M. Rubenstein in 2013, honor organizations doing exemplary, innovative and replicable work. Collectively, all of these awards spotlight the great efforts underway to promote literacy and respond to the needs of our time. We are honoured to be one of five global winners this year, and the only organization from India to win the award!
As demand surged during the pandemic for digital learning resources, Pratham Books created programs that could be used in low-resource environments, including a Learn at Home program in Hindi and English, thematic reading lists, audio-visual books in multiple languages and a phone-based dial-a-story program called Missed Call Do, Kahaani Suno! that allowed a child to locate a story in a chosen language by dialing a toll-free number. This campaign reached children who did not have access to the Internet or smartphones, and was a resounding success as schools closed indefinitely due to the Covid-19 pandemic in early March.
In addition, in just four months, translators on StoryWeaver translated 3,000 books into 28 new languages, including books about the coronavirus, health and hygiene and social and emotional issues. UNESCO and the World Bank have listed StoryWeaver as a resource for the homebound child during the pandemic.
We are grateful to our wonderful community of supporters for joining us in sharing the joy of reading, and to the Library of Congress for this award. More on the award and the other winners here. | <urn:uuid:b6228db3-6c76-4b68-91d6-d36d94a4e27f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://prathambooks.org/blog/pratham-books-wins-2020-library-of-congress-literacy-award/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.964079 | 390 | 1.875 | 2 |
Architecture / Features & Decoration
Eastlands House, Surrey
A terracotta urn. Half the urn was stolen from one of the entrance pillars in 1990, and the remaining half is also missing. (Matching urn is still present NT/EAS/SC/1.2; this urn was moved to the back garden and they were replaced with a pair of pineapples on top of the pillars, NT/EAS/SC/12.1-2). | <urn:uuid:29f78f90-92fe-43c9-8f10-6473f6c6515a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/335812.1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.96611 | 130 | 1.585938 | 2 |
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Alternatively, you can call us on 01543 453338 or email us at firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:0ffc6e11-9244-47b7-afbf-6d30d27098f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hmbtrainingservices.co.uk/latest-news/offer/bite-size-first-aid-course | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.936996 | 305 | 1.992188 | 2 |
The changing patterns of life have in recent days opened up – for many of us – new possibilities for how we employ our time. With less written in our calendars and more time at home we are drawn by the need for innovation and fresh perspective. I happen to live in a house with a lot of books and I recalled a book by English author Susan Hill, Howards End is on the Landing.
She tells the story of how she went looking for a particular book and in the process stumbled on many works read long ago –and some not read at all. Hill’s vast collection were not neatly ordered so searching was a common practice. She found the book she was looking for but the process took her well beyond a simple task completed. It led to a decision to give a year to reading books in
her possession and discover them afresh or for the first time. At the end of her narrative Hill provides a list she calls ‘The Final Forty’. The Bible and The Book of Common Prayer (1662) are at the top of the list – Dickens, Hardy, George Eliot, Anthony Trollope, Henry James, Edith Wharton, P.G. Woodhouse, Dostoevsky and T.S. Eliot show up on the list. (By the way – Howards End is a novel by E.M. Forster)
During this time of “keep-safe-stay-home” I have embarked on a similar though less ambitious journey to revisit and rediscover works collected over many years. I should note that on my bookshelves you find primarily non-fiction – though there is balance in our overall collection with plenty of fiction and fantasy that my wife Marion reads and re-reads. And these works are common fare for conversation about characters and ideas.
What lines our personal bookshelves discloses much about our interests, but more importantly provides glimpses into one’s history – a resource for memories and the evolution of one’s thinking. Books well-read can have a transforming influence on the reader. Some may speak into
a particular moment or circumstance of life while others become like old friends, an ongoing resource for instruction, inspiration and the nurturing of heart and mind.
Markings, by Dag Hammarskjold, I bought not long after it was published in 1964. Hammarskjold served for five years as Secretary General of the United Nations until his death in a plane crash in Zambia in 1961. Markings consists of material found in private papers after his death including a letter giving permission to publish it. It was translated by Leif Sjoberg – to whom he wrote the letter and W.H. Auden – the renowned poet – who writes an informative and insightful Foreword.
The book is a collections of “markings” in a personal diary of “negotiations with myself and with God”. It consists of brief statements, poems, aphorisms, quotes and reflections. I can’t recall how I stumbled on to this book or what moved me to buy it. But I know I carried the small paperback edition with me over many months and read and reread its challenging and at times cryptic comments.
Hammarskjold takes up a “mystical” version of the faith – but not escapist. One line I still remember:
“The road to holiness necessarily passes through the world of action.” This book was for me a rich and invigorating resource that could provoke thought, action and transformation. The recent revisit has been a delight and a challenge. What makes loneliness an anguish is not that I have no one to share my burden But this: I have only my own burden to bear.” (pg 85).
The Classics We’ve Read, The Difference They’ve Made, edited by Philip Yancey is a volume I have valued greatly and gleaned much from its eighteen well-known Christian writers. The chapter by Walter Wangerin Jr. Hans Christian Andersen: Shaping the Child’s Universe notes how children meet the problems of the world with their imaginations (often lost in adult life) and how the fairy tale honours and feeds the imagination. He tells how the child may view “real world” problems through the windows of the fairy tale allowing the problems to shrink to a child sized proportion and enabling the child to triumph and be a survivor in an otherwise confusing world.
Eugene Peterson faced a crisis in which he needed to reinvigorate his experience of God and passion. Both were essential for him as a pastor and a writer and both were diminished by current cultural patterns and influences. Characters in the writings of Fyodor Dostoevsky “furnished my imagination with living images”. He notes how in The Idiot Prince Myshkin,
“strikes everyone who meets him as simple and naïve. He gives the impression of not knowing how the world works …. innocent of the real world. An idiot.”
What Peterson learns from Prince Myshkin is that unlike others, he has no personal agenda – his own needs don’t clog up relationships. Being in the company of the Prince has li
ttle to do with morality – doing or saying what is right. It has to do with beauty and goodness. These cannot be known in abstraction, for they only occur in living, loving persons. They cannot be observed only encountered. The Prince provides the encounter both in the story and in the life of Peterson. (pp.24-25)
Karen Burton Mains takes up the theme of A Moral Vision in writing about Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. As a young twenty-two year old living in a world that was good and beautiful – she entered into the dark and difficult world of 20th century Russia where she learned that she would not be complete or useful until she understood suffering. Solzhenitsyn served “an eight year term at hard labour for criticizing Stalin in a private letter to friends.” The writings of Solzhenitsyn provided some guidance for her. His book The Gulag Archipelago was a work of moral force that won him the Nobel Prize for literature in 1970.
In his Nobel acceptance speech read in his absence – he wrote, “The writer must be a truth-teller. Live not by lies! In the struggle against lies art has always won and always will…. Lies can stand up against much in the world, but not against art… one word of truth outweighs the world.” In that same speech Solzhenitsyn contrasts two kinds of artists: the one who imagines himself as the
creator of an independent spiritual world…. And a second kind who “acknowledges a higher power above him and joyfully works as a common apprentice under God’s heaven”… Solzhenitsyn identifies with the latter. Mains finds firm footing in this author’s work, strength of resolve and a capacity to sustain resistance against falsehood and evil.
The author Anthony Trollope (1815 – 1882) is highly revered in our home. Marion has in hand forty five of his novels and a considerable number of secondary sources on the man and his writing. Among the latter I recently stumbled on The Gentleman in Trollope: Individuality and Moral Conduct, by Shirley Robin Letwin. I have long thought that though a “gentleman” may have many admirable qualities there was little to disclose depth of character or to inspire full trust. The first few chapters of this book have supported m y inclination to hesitate. For the gentleman there is a morality to be followed – though it is more a matter of social convention than deeply held conviction. It does not rest on anything given or fixed but instead on the constraints of civilization.
The book is a sustained investigation into the social history of the gentlemen especially in the late 19th century. The few chapters I read brought to mind a chapter i n another work I read some decades ago. Nature, History and Existentialism by Karl Lowith edited by Arnold Levison 1966. Lowith was a philosopher of Christian persuasion who explored the historical interplay of ideas. I took this volume from the shelf and went directly to the essay titled: Can there be a Christian Gentleman?
The argument made is that most cultures link morals with manners and the author notes that: “It is the privilege but also the predicament of Christian ethics that it’s extreme standards of love, humility and self-surrender cannot be standardized and adequately embodied in habits and manners.” (p.205) The gentleman he notes, “is not a creation of Christianity but of civilization, even if civilization simulates the virtues of Christianity”. (p.207) Lowith’s essay is an exercise in discernment – seeking to bring clarity where lines are often blurred. Here he concludes that the terms – gentleman and Christian – refer to two quite different identities and practices.
Creative and thoughtful writing are works by and for the imagination. This turn to books at hand has provided fresh awareness of treasures within easy reach and prompts me to keep digging. | <urn:uuid:79cab79d-171c-4517-b932-3e6bbe3d18ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://imago-arts.org/4096-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.96266 | 1,897 | 1.78125 | 2 |
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Small-scale fishing is an important source of food and livelihoods for millions of rural poor people in South-East Asia. Yet fisheries management has tended to diminish access of the rural poor to fishing grounds in favour of commercial operations. This paper describes how civil society action was instrumental in creating change in national fisheries policies in the Philippines. A system of community-based coastal resource management was adopted, with the aim of ensuring better access and influence over resource management for poor fishing communities. Although reported impacts have been modest, the changes have supported some regrowth in the small-scale fishing industry, as well as other gains, and the approach is being adopted in other countries. These gains are threatened by intense competition for fishing access, the development of export-oriented aquaculture industries, and WTO support for fisheries liberalisation. Sustained advocacy for the protection of small-scale fisher livelihoods is required at national and global levels.
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Rationale While cross-sectional studies have shown associations between certain occupational exposures and lower levels of lung function, there was little evidence from population-based studies with repeated lung function measurements.
Objectives We aimed to investigate the associations between occupational exposures and longitudinal lung function decline in the population-based Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study.
Methods Lung function decline between ages 45 years and 50 years was assessed using data from 767 participants. Using lifetime work history calendars completed at age 45 years, exposures were assigned according to the ALOHA plus Job Exposure Matrix. Occupational exposures were defined as ever exposed and cumulative exposure -unit- years. We investigated effect modification by sex, smoking and asthma status.
Results Compared with those without exposure, ever exposures to aromatic solvents and metals were associated with a greater decline in FEV1 (aromatic solvents 15.5 mL/year (95% CI −24.8 to 6.3); metals 11.3 mL/year (95% CI −21.9 to – 0.7)) and FVC (aromatic solvents 14.1 mL/year 95% CI −28.8 to – 0.7; metals 17.5 mL/year (95% CI –34.3 to – 0.8)). Cumulative exposure (unit years) to aromatic solvents was also associated with greater decline in FEV1 and FVC. Women had lower cumulative exposure years to aromatic solvents than men (mean (SD) 9.6 (15.5) vs 16.6 (14.6)), but greater lung function decline than men. We also found association between ever exposures to gases/fumes or mineral dust and greater decline in lung function.
Conclusions Exposures to aromatic solvents and metals were associated with greater lung function decline. The effect of aromatic solvents was strongest in women. Preventive strategies should be implemented to reduce these exposures in the workplace.
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- job exposure matrix
- occupational exposure
- lung function
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- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- job exposure matrix
- occupational exposure
- lung function
What is the key question?
What are the associations between occupational exposures and lung function decline in the general population?
What is the bottom line?
This population-based longitudinal study showed associations between different classes of occupational exposures and greater lung function decline between the ages of 45 years and 50 years. In particular, both ever and cumulative exposures to aromatic solvents were associated with greater lung function decline. Lung function decline associated with aromatic solvents was higher in women compared with men, even though they had been less exposed.
Why read on?
Our findings on the aromatic solvents are novel and highlight the need for strengthening preventive strategies aimed at reducing exposure to aromatic solvents in the workplace.
Adult lung function decline is a normal feature of ageing, but excessive decline during adulthood can result in fixed airflow obstruction and is a predictor of higher mortality and morbidity.1 Identification of modifiable risk factors for early or excessive lung function decline, therefore has important public health implications. However, the evidence of such factors is scarce due to a limited number of general population studies with repeated tracking of lung function measurements over time.
Occupational exposures, mainly vapours, gases, dust and fumes (VGDF)2–7 and pesticides, have been investigated as risk factors for lung function decline.2 While some have observed these exposures to have detrimental effects on lung function decline, others have contradicted these findings.8 9 Two other common occupational exposures gaining increasing recognition as having an impact on lung function are solvents and metals.10–12 Recently, in a cross-sectional analysis, we identified an association between occupational exposures to solvents and metals with fixed airflow obstruction and lower lung function.13 Other cross-sectional studies have also suggested this relationship, but none of the published studies to date have been able to establish temporal relationships between these exposures and airflow obstruction and lung function.11 14–16
Previous population-based studies that assessed self-reported occupational exposures and lung function decline have been limited by the use of current or most recent job to define occupational exposure, which is subject to information and selection bias.4 5 7 Job Exposure Matrices (JEMs) provide some protection from these types of bias, because they are applied consistently to reported job titles and do not rely on self-assessed exposures. Furthermore, JEM applied to complete work history calendars can assess lifetime exposures capturing multiple jobs and job transitions over the life course.17 However, few population-based studies have used JEM to investigate the associations between occupational exposures and lung function decline over time, and none have investigated exposures to solvents and decline of lung function.2 8 18
Given the discrepancies between and limitations of the studies conducted to date, we have investigated the association between occupational exposure and lung function decline using a general population-based cohort. We assessed occupational exposures from lifetime work history calendars to identify and calculate ever exposure and cumulative exposure using a general population-based JEM. We also investigated whether sex, asthma or smoking status modified these relationships.
Our study included participants from 2002 –2008 and 2010 –2012 follow-up surveys of the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (TAHS) for which methodology and previous results have been published elsewhere.19 Briefly, TAHS began in 1968 by recruiting all 8583 school children born in 1961 in Tasmania. In 2002, we traced 7562 (88.1%) participants to a residential address, and 5729 (78.4%) responded to a postal survey. A subsample (n=2387) of these participants in 2004, selected by participation in previous follow-ups and enriched for participants with a history of asthma and bronchitis, were invited to take part in a clinical study and 1397 (58.6%) participated.
In 2010, a new follow-up was conducted on the laboratory attendees from the 2004 clinical study participants. Of 1397 who were eligible, 840 (61.1%) took part in a full laboratory visit. (figure 1).19 In the current analysis, we included 767 participants who completed lung function at both follow-ups and a lifetime work history calendar during the 2002–2008 follow-up study. All participants provided written informed consent.
Lung function measurements
The rate of lung function decline was calculated as FEV1 (mL/year) (∆FEV1), FVC (∆FVC) and FEV1/FVC (∆FEV1/FVC) using the change in each measure divided by the time interval (age in years) between follow-ups for participants who completed lung function testing in both follow-ups and a work history calendar during the 2002–2008 follow-up. Both prebronchodilator (pre-BD) and post-BD spirometry were collected in first follow-up (2002–2008), but in the 2010–2012 follow-up we did not have the post-BD measurement. Therefore, this analyses was only able to investigate using the pre-BD lung function. Pre-BD spirometry at both time points was performed using the EasyOne Pro Ultrasonic Spirometer (ndd, Medizintechnik, AG, Switzerland) using the same methods. Spirometry was conducted according to the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society joint statement.20 Detailed methods have been reported elsewhere.21
Occupational exposure was classified using the lifetime work history calendars that were collected from the participants from the 2002–2008 follow-up. Participants were requested to list all jobs held in their lifetime including job title, industry description, employer description, year work started and ended. The job titles were standardised according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations-88 four-digit classification.22 These classifications were linked to a general population-based JEM called the ALOHA plus JEM23 and assigned exposures into biological dust, mineral dust, gases/fumes, VGDF, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, aromatic solvents, chlorinated solvents, other solvents and metals. In case participants had two different jobs at the same time, exposures of both jobs were averaged and allocated half of the exposure. We assigned people as having ever exposure if they had exposure for any job over their working life. We combined low-exposure and high-exposure categories to define as ever exposure because of the small number of participants in the high-exposure group limiting the statistical analysis. We also calculated cumulative exposure-unit (EU) years by multiplying the number of years worked in a given job and exposure intensity (weighted by 4 for high exposure and 1 for low exposure) for the given job.24 This was then summed for each individual and each exposure.
Definitions of key confounders
Having had asthma was defined by an affirmative response to the question ‘Have you ever had asthma?’. Current asthma was based on self-reported symptoms in the morning, daytime, and night-time or flare-ups in the last 12 months. Childhood asthma was defined as asthma reported at age 7 years and 13 years by an affirmative response by the parents to the question ‘Has he/she at any time of his/her life suffered from attacks of asthma or wheezy breathing?’. Smoking status of the participants was categorised as current smokers, past smokers and never smokers. A current smoker was defined as smoking status within the last 4 weeks. Pack-years were calculated as the number of cigarettes smoked per day divided by 20 multiplied by the number of years of smoking.24 Childhood and adulthood socioeconomic statuses were defined using Australian census data of Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas.25 We used the Index of Education and Occupation (IEO) variables that focused on the skills of the people required in different occupations. A high IEO score indicated that people who lived in that area had high qualifications and highly skilled jobs.
We used Stata V.15.0 for Windows (Stata Corporation, College Station, Texas, USA) for all statistical analyses. Seven hundred and sixty-seven participants with complete lung function test and work history calendar were included in this analysis using multiple linear regression (detail in the online supplementary material). The estimates were calculated using inverse-probability-of-inclusion weights to adjust for the enriched sample of the 2002 –2008 follow-up. We adjusted for sex, height, smoking status, pack-years (from both follow-ups), childhood asthma, current asthma and socioeconomic status in both childhood and adulthood.
We additionally adjusted the models with biological dust, mineral dust and gases/fumes for all types of pesticides, the models with fungicides, herbicides and insecticides were additionally adjusted for combined exposure to VGDF, while the models with solvents and metals were additionally adjusted for all types of pesticides and VGDF due to the presence of correlation (online supplementary figure E1 and online supplementary figure E2). Furthermore, three categories of solvents (aromatic, chlorinated and other solvents) were included one by one as an additional confounder in the adjusted regression model with each solvent exposure (for example; chlorinated and other solvents were added to the model with aromatic solvents) to observe the change in the effect estimates. As this model does not alter the key message of this paper, we did not adjust for these additional confounders in the main analysis.
We also tested for effect modification by sex, smoking status and asthma on the associations between occupational exposure and lung function decline. We compared the models with or without effect modification, and the p value was reported using the likelihood ratio test. We did not find any effect modification by smoking status and asthma on the association between cumulative EU-years and lung function decline, but we did observe effect modification by sex.
We also performed multiple imputation to deal with missing data. Results from imputation models were compared with those derived from complete case analysis (see online supplementary material for more details). We have conducted several sensitivity analyses such as adjusting for baseline pre-BD lung function and using random-effects linear regression models. We have also presented our cumulative exposure results without weighting by exposure intensity (see online supplementary material for more details). A value of p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant for all models including interaction analysis.
The characteristics of study participants, smoking history and lung function decline are given in table 1. Half of the 767 participants who took part in both clinical follow-ups were men (50.0%). The average follow-up time was 5 years. Between the follow-up visits, active smoking decreased from 20% to 15% (table 1). The mean lung function decline in the FEV1/FVC ratio was 0.6%, indicating that FEV1 declined more rapidly than FVC.
The prevalences of occupational exposures are presented in online supplementary table E1. The most common exposures were gases/fumes (70%), biological dust (53%), mineral dust (50%), aromatic solvents (29%) and metals (22%).
Ever exposure to occupational exposures and lung function decline
Table 2 shows the univariable and multivariable association between ever exposure and lung function decline. Those who were ever exposed to gases/fumes (mean=31.2, SE=2.04, (online supplementary table E2) had a significantly greater decline in FEV1 (11.4 mL/year, 95% CI −20.0 to to 2.9) compared with those not exposed to gases/fumes (mean=19.5, SE=3.7, (online supplementary table E2)).
Ever exposure to aromatic solvents was associated with a greater decline in FEV1 (15.5 mL/year, 95% CI −24.8 to -6.3) and FVC (14.1 mL/year, 95% CI −28.8 to -0.7), but not FEV1/FVC ratio. Ever exposure to metals was associated with a greater decline in FEV1 (11.3 mL/year, 95% CI −21.9 to -0.7) and FVC (17.5 mL/year, 95% CI −34.3 to -0.8), but not the FEV1/FVC ratio. Ever exposure to chlorinated solvents was associated with greater decline in FEV1 (11.6 mL/year, 95% CI −21.5 to 1.6) but not the FVC and FEV1/FVC ratio. Further adjustments for other two categories of solvents (online supplementary table E3) and baseline pre-BD lung function (online supplementary table E4) did not change these findings. Ever exposure to mineral dust (0.2%/year, 95% CI −0.3 to -0.02) and gases/fumes (0.2%/year, 95% CI −0.4 to -0.1) were associated with a greater decline in FEV1/FVC ratio.
Cumulative exposures and lung function decline
We have presented median (Q1, Q3) cumulative EU-years in online supplementary table E1. Median cumulative EU-years was highest (19.5 (7.5–52) years) for chlorinated solvents, metals (19 (6–48.5)years), gases/fumes (19 (8–33) years) followed by biological dust, mineral dust, insecticides, other solvents and aromatic solvents.
The multivariable associations between cumulative EU-years and lung function decline are presented in table 3. Per EU-year increase in cumulative exposure to aromatic solvents, there was a 0.6 mL/year (95% CI −1.0 to 0.3) greater decline in FEV1 and a 0.9 mL/year (95% CI −1.6 to 0.4) greater decline in FVC. We also found a significant association between cumulative EU-years to gases/fumes and decline in FEV1. These findings were slightly attenuated, but consistent when unweighted cumulative exposures were added to the models (online supplementary table E6). We also observed associations with cumulative EU-years to fungicides and insecticides and higher FVC but did not observe any associations between cumulative EU-years to any other exposures and lung function (table 3 and online supplementary table E7).
We examined whether the relationships between occupational exposures and lung function decline were modified by sex, asthma and smoking status. Neither asthma nor smoking status modified any association (online supplementary table E8). However, we observed the association between cumulative EU-years to aromatic solvents and greater decline in FEV1 to be stronger in women than men (p for interaction=0.02) and the FEV1/FVC ratio (p for interaction=0.01) (table 4). On the other hand, women had less cumulative exposure to aromatic solvents (mean±SD = 9.6±15.5) compared with men (mean±SD = 16.6±14.6). Figures 2–4 display the predicted declines in FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC ratio that were calculated using linear estimates from multiple linear regression models. In this model, women with increasing cumulative EU-years to aromatic solvents had a greater lung function decline. However, we did not observe any such relationship for men. We did not observe sex to modify the associations related to any of the other exposures.
In this longitudinal study, we have shown multiple occupational exposures to be associated with greater lung function decline between the ages of 45 years and 50 years. Importantly, we identified greater lung function decline, with ever being exposed and cumulative EU-years to aromatic solvents. In particular, we observed that women exposed to aromatic solvents had a greater decline in both FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio compared with men. We also observed a greater decline in lung function for those ever exposed to gases/ fumes, chlorinated solvents or metals, but not for mineral dust, biological dust, fungicides, herbicides or insecticides.
This longitudinal study provides robust evidence that both ever exposures and cumulative exposures to aromatic solvents are significantly associated with greater lung function decline in a general population sample. Cross-sectional studies have provided some evidence for an association between solvents and lower levels of lung function,14 23 but the findings were contradictory. One cross-sectional study from France found an association between specific solvents (benzene, carbon tetrachloride, degreasing agents, other solvents and epoxy resins) and lower lung function.14 Another cross-sectional study from the Netherlands did not find any association between exposure to solvents and lung function.23 Several cross-sectional studies11 26–28 and one longitudinal study10 suggested that solvent exposure was associated with self-reported respiratory symptoms and chronic bronchitis. Although a study of the Zutphen cohort used lifetime work histories to assign exposure to solvents and showed that it was related to chronic non-specific lung disease, no information was reported on lung function decline.10 In our analysis we controlled for a range of confounders including coexposures and found that exposure to solvents is an important risk factor for lung function decline.
Cumulative EU-years to aromatic solvents was associated with greater decline in FEV1 and FVC. However, we did not find the same effects for cumulative EU-years to chlorinated or other solvents. There may be some reasons for this difference between the categories of solvents. It could be related to nature and chemical structure of the solvents. For example, some aromatic solvents (eg, benzene) are absorbed better than chlorinated solvents.29 The differences in the job distribution between aromatic and chlorinated solvents may be another explanation for the variation across solvents. For example, a large proportion of our sample (both men and women) exposed to aromatic but not chlorinated solvents were working in painting, electrical, mining and construction industries, while participants exposed to chlorinated solvents were working as hand-launderers, pressers, metal, machinery and related trade industries.30 Exposures to solvents also depend on the vapour concentration in the workplace and actual cumulative duration worked by the participants. The complex interplay between these factors may also influence lung function decline to different types of solvents.29
Our study was the first to investigate different effects of solvent exposure on lung function in men and women. We found that despite women having lower cumulative EU-years to aromatic solvents compared with men, among women increasing cumulative EU-years to aromatic solvents was associated with greater decline in FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio. However, this was not observed among men, despite women having lower cumulative EU-years to aromatic solvent compared with men. This sex difference may be related to the differences in the patterns of occupational exposures.31 32 Women in our study exposed to aromatic solvents were sculptors/painters/artists, woodworkers and life science technicians, while men were mostly painters, carpenters, plumbers, pipe fitters and firefighters.
Furthermore, potential influences of female sex hormones may also explain the above sex difference.33 Toxins in the airways are metabolised via the cytochrome P450 pathway.31 The female sex hormone oestrogen can influence this pathway by causing the upregulation of the CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP3A4 and CYP1B1 cytochromes. The role of these enzymes in the toxin metabolism pathway leads to increased oxidation of inhaled substances leading to increased oxidative stress in the airways and greater risk of airflow obstruction in women.34 A few cross-sectional studies conducted on different occupational exposures reported a significant association with airflow obstruction as measured by lung function in women but not men.24 35 To our knowledge, previous population-based longitudinal studies that examined the potential effect modification of the association between occupational exposures and lung function decline by sex did not find any difference between men and women.2 8 In our study, we also did not find any difference between men and women ever exposed to solvents, but we found an association for women with increasing cumulative EU-years.
Our analysis shows an association between ever exposure and cumulative EU-years to gases/fumes and a greater decline in FEV1. The European Community Respiratory Health Survey8 and the Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen Cohort Study2 used the ALOHA JEM to assess occupational exposure, but the authors did not find an association between ever exposure (low or high) to gases/fumes with lung function decline. While the Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen Study found a borderline significant association with cumulative EU-years to combined exposure to VGDF, this association disappeared after adjustment for possible coexposure to pesticides.2 The Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen Study also used the current job to assign exposure, and there is a possibility that this study underestimated the true impact of gases/fumes exposure on lung function decline. Our study used lifetime work history calendars across an individual’s life span, and our association remained even after adjustment for coexposure to all type of pesticides.
We also found an association between ever exposure to metals and greater decline in FEV1 and FVC. These findings are consistent with a workplace-based longitudinal study that found an association between cobalt dust exposure and lung function decline.36 Subjects exposed to metals in our study described themselves as working in metal or steel industries such as motor vehicle mechanics and fitters, sheet metal workers, welders and flame cutters and agriculture or industrial machinery mechanics. A recent meta-analysis which included longitudinal studies of welders also found an association between exposure to welding fumes and lung function decline.37 This raises the possibilities that the observed association with ever exposure to metal could be related to exposures in the specific industries such as smelting furnace fumes. However, there is also a chance of inhalation of metal in the form of dust through fettling and grinding processes that may cause lung function decline.
Our study had several strengths including an extensive data set that allowed adjusting for a wide range of confounders including pack-years of smoking, childhood and adult asthma, baseline lung function, socioeconomic status at the age of 7 years, 12 years and 45 years, and coexposures. In contrast, no previous longitudinal study has been able to adjust for all the identified confounding variables because of lack of early life exposure data.2 8 Adjustment of coexposures further strengthened this study by minimising the chance of overlapping exposures between three categories of solvents. We also used two estimates of occupational exposure: lifetime exposure and cumulative EU-years. Our exposure was classified based on the ALOHA plus JEM, which is specifically designed for general population-based studies. An advantage of using JEM-based estimates is that they are less likely to be affected by recall bias or differential misclassification.17
Despite these strengths, limitations of our study include the possibility of non-differential misclassification due to a potential heterogeneity of JEM-based exposure within a given job title. Such misclassification typically biases the estimates towards the null, resulting in an underestimation of the true effect. Occupational histories were collected at the 2002–2008 follow-up, and there is a chance that participants with respiratory or lung function problems could have changed their occupations during the follow-up time from a highly exposed to less exposed job (or vice versa) or changed their work environment to reduce the level of exposure. This may result in underestimation of the observed associations between occupational exposure and lung function. Although we have adjusted our analysis for both smoking and pack-years, the chance of residual confounding by smoking remains a possibility.
Another limitation is that the average follow-up period for this analysis was 6 years, which is lower than other cohort studies.2 8 Additionally, the smaller number of participants with work history calendar and spirometry in our study also reduced the sample size in this analysis and therefore the power to detect small effects. Also, by design, participants at baseline (2002–2008 follow-up) were enriched for asthma and bronchitis, which might affect the generalisability of our results. However, this enrichment is unlikely to affect the presented associations, as the addition of sampling weights to our analytical models did not significantly change these findings. The associations we have observed with lung function decline are biologically plausible13 17 21 and are consistent with previous epidemiological evidence.2 3 6 However, based on the limitations we suggest that our novel findings on the association between aromatic solvents and lung function decline should not be considered yet as causal until replication in a larger cohort is undertaken.
In conclusion, we have shown for the first time that exposures to aromatic solvents are associated with greater decline in lung function and confirmed the previous findings on the impact of metals, gases/fumes and mineral dust on lung function decline. Our findings provide novel insights into effect modification by sex on the relationship between cumulative exposures to aromatic solvents and greater lung function decline. Our findings suggest that the effect of aromatic solvents is not due to greater exposure in women, but due to greater susceptibility. This greater lung function decline in women may subsequently increase the risk of obstructive airway disease in future.
The authors thank the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (TAHS) participants and previous investigators. The authors also thank Professor Mark Jenkins, PhD, Centre Director, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, who is a TAHS investigator but not a coauthor of this manuscript, for his assistance with obtaining funds and data collection. The authors also thank all the respiratory scientists who collected data in the lung function laboratories of Tasmania, Victoria, Queensland, and New South Wales; the research interviewers and data entry operators; and Ms Cathryn Wharton and Dr Desiree Mészáros for their organisational roles. The authors also thank the Archives Office of Tasmania for providing data from the 1968 TAHS questionnaires.
SD and MCM are joint senior authors.
Contributors Study concept and design: SMA, SD, GB, RV, HK, EHW, MJA, MCM. Acquisition of data: SMA, SD, PST, RW-B, BT, IF, RV, HK, EHW, MJA, MCM. Analysis and interpretation of data: SMA, SD, GB, JLP, MD, RV, HK, MJA, MCM. Drafting of the manuscript: SMA, SD, GB, MD, MCM. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: all authors. Statistical analysis: SMA, MCM. Obtained funding: SD, GB, DPJ, LG, PST, JLH, RW-B, BT, IF, EHW, MJA, MCM. Study supervision: SM, SD, GB, MD, MCM. SMA and MCM had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Funding This study was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia under the NHMRC project grant scheme (299901, 1021275) and NHMRC European collaborative grant scheme (1101313) as part of ALEC (Ageing Lungs in European Cohorts) funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 633212; The University of Melbourne; Clifford Craig Medical Research Trust of Tasmania; the Victorian, Queensland and Tasmanian Asthma Foundations; The Royal Hobart Hospital; Helen MacPherson Smith Trust; and GlaxoSmithKline. The funding agencies had no direct role in the conduct of the study, the collection, management, statistical analysis and interpretation of the data, preparation or approval of the manuscript. ISGlobal is a member of the CERCA Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya.
Competing interests None declared.
Patient consent for publication Obtained.
Ethics approval Both follow-ups were approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Melbourne (HREC Ref. numbers 040375.1 and 0932983.1, respectively).
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Data sharing statement All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information. | <urn:uuid:7fb958b6-7a2b-4987-9f1f-5e9088fc202f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thorax.bmj.com/content/74/7/650.long | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.944075 | 6,521 | 1.921875 | 2 |
A colonoscopy allows your health care provider to evaluate the lining of your large intestine to diagnose and treat various conditions. At Surgical Clinic, PC in Auburn & Opelika, Alabama, the team of board-certified general surgeons provides a broad range of treatments so you can stay local to get the care you need. They offer the colonoscopy procedure to screen, diagnose, and treat gastrointestinal problems. To find out more about colonoscopies at Surgical Clinic, PC, call the office or schedule an appointment online today.
A colonoscopy is a diagnostic test that allows your doctor to see the lining of your large intestine without the need for a large surgical incision. Instead, they use a colonoscope, which is a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera that transmits images of your colon onto a computer screen.
Your doctor slowly advances the colonoscope through the entire length of your large intestine, looking for abnormalities.
Surgical Clinic, PC provides colonoscopies to screen, diagnose, and treat conditions that affect the large intestine.
Your doctor or surgeon may recommend a colonoscopy for any number of reasons. If you have ongoing abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, or blood in your stools, then you might need a colonoscopy to determine the cause.
Your surgeon uses the colonoscopy to diagnose gastrointestinal conditions such as:
Your doctor may also recommend a colonoscopy to screen for colon cancer. You should start screenings for colon cancer at age 45, or earlier if you have colon cancer risk factors such as a family history.
The Surgical Clinic, PC team provides very specific instructions on how to prepare for your colonoscopy. Bowel prep is one of the most important steps for getting accurate readings from the diagnostic procedure.
The purpose of bowel prep is to remove all waste and debris from your large intestine to improve visibility during the colonoscopy.
For bowel prep, you need to limit fiber intake a few days before the procedure, follow a clear liquid diet the day before your procedure, and take a laxative solution to remove all waste.
After changing into an exam gown, you lie on your side on the exam table. You will be provided anesthesia to help you relax and minimize discomfort.
Your surgeon inserts the colonoscope in your anus and slowly advances the instrument through your colon. They remove all colon polyps and take a biopsy of any suspicious tissue. Most colon polyps are benign, but may turn cancerous.
After your colonoscopy, you go to the recovery area where you’re monitored, and your doctor talks to you about their findings. You must have someone drive you home after your colonoscopy, and plan on taking it easy for the rest of the day.
To schedule your colonoscopy, call Surgical Clinic, PC, or book online today. | <urn:uuid:a1b4ce74-6078-434b-bd40-91fc4863b1f6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.surgicalclinicpc.com/service/colonoscopy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.919929 | 586 | 2.046875 | 2 |
It leaves you feeling tired, worn down and out of breath. And no, we don’t mean a workout at the gym. We took a closer look at some of the common triggers of the energy-zapping condition that leaves millions around the world longing for their beds.
Heavy periods cause the loss of red blood cells, with women of reproductive age having an increased chance of iron deficiency anaemia compared to men and postmenopausal women.
Pregnant women commonly develop mild iron deficiency anaemia due to their bodies needing extra iron to provide oxygen, nutrients and blood supply to their baby.
- Pernicious anaemia.
The most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency in the UK, this autoimmune condition stops the body from absorbing vitamin B12 from food.
- Inherited anaemia.
Some types of anaemia are genetic with some babies affected from birth. People with a family history of conditions like sickle cell anaemia, could have a greater risk of the condition.
People over age 65 have more chance of developing vitamin B12 deficiency and folate deficiency anaemia often due to poor diets and other medical conditions.
- A poor diet.
Over time, a diet that is constantly low in this essential mineral as well as vitamin B-12 and folate (vitamin B9) can increase your chances of developing anaemia.
Medicines can prevent the body from absorbing all the vitamins it needs. These include anticonvulsants and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin or ibuprofen which can cause bleeding in the stomach.
- Bowel disease.
Conditions like Crohn's disease, celiac disease and Ulcerative colitis can affect the absorption of nutrients in the digestive system, putting you at risk of anaemia.
- Chronic diseases.
Kidney disease and gastrointestinal cancer can lead to a shortage of red blood cells, leaving sufferers more likely to develop anaemia.
- Stomach ulcers.
Stomach ulcer can cause the stomach lining to bleed, draining the body's store of iron.Shop our Vitamins & Supplements range. | <urn:uuid:dfccf940-7c0c-48d2-a1bb-b17fd2c27d1e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hollandandbarrett.ie/the-health-hub/conditions/anaemia/whats-causing-anaemia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.904469 | 459 | 3.203125 | 3 |
How many of us remember as kids jumping into a clear, cold river to cool off on a hot summer day? Remember how invigorating and refreshing that felt? Now how many of us remember questioning if the water was too polluted to swim in?
The Granite Bridge Pipeline (GBP) is a 27-mile pipeline proposed by Liberty Utilities that would transport fracked gas from Manchester to the seacoast. This fracked gas pipeline would pass through the town of Raymond, underneath the Lamprey River twice.
Raymond doesn’t need a pipeline project running through it, and here are the reasons why:
- This proposed pipeline project threatens not only the Lamprey River, but the Great Bay Estuary and its valuable wildlife habitats and ecosystems. Running the pipeline under the Lamprey River will cause the erosion of dirt, minerals, and other pollutants into the river. The land disturbance will harm the local ecosystems by destroying wildlife habitats and altering migration patterns.
- Pipelines are a disaster waiting to happen. According to the Union of Concerned Scientists, there were 311 significant safety incidents at natural gas distribution pipelines between 2008 and 2012, resulting in 230 injuries and 41 deaths. There were also 370 significant safety incidents at natural gas transmission pipelines during this same time period, resulting in 85 injuries and 10 fatalities. Raymond does not have the resources to respond to a hazardous materials incident. Gas is highly flammable, and any incident would likely necessitate a large-scale evacuation and involve multiple agencies and jurisdictions. Raymond’s economy would suffer and residents would be left to absorb the costs.
- Fossil-fuels are 20th century. Renewable energy is 21st century. There are clean energy options that we can and should be moving to not only because they are better for our environment, because they are better for our economy. Energy analytics company Drillinginfo published a report recently saying that renewables are getting cheaper and cheaper, displacing gas demand for electric power. We should be demanding clean and renewable sources of energy instead of harming our environment by clinging to fossil fuels, which are quickly becoming obsolete.
- The main component of natural gas is methane, a 34 times more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide due to the fact that it is far more effective absorbing heat. When mixed with other chemicals, methane can become explosive and deadly when ignited. Methane is also a “simple asphyxiant” because it displaces oxygen. People need a minimum 18 percent oxygen content to breathe. Oxygen levels below 16 percent are dangerous, and levels below 10 percent are deadly.
- Raymond will not benefit from the pipeline project, it’s all risk and no reward. Few, if any, permanent jobs would be created. The gas in the pipeline would not service Raymond. Liberty Utilities has no customers in Raymond. There is no way for Raymond residents to tie into the pipeline without huge infrastructure investments from the government and home owners of Raymond. So where is this gas going? Who is it meant for if renewable energy is displacing gas demand for electric power? The following is from the US Energy Information Administration:
- Exports of liquid natural gas (LNG) increased substantially in 2016, 2017, and 2018, coinciding with large increases in export capacity since 2015.
- In 2018, total annual U.S. natural gas exports were the highest on record, and the United States was a net exporter of natural gas for the second year in a row.
- 70% of the total U.S. natural gas exports in 2018 were by pipeline, 67% of which went to Mexico. The U.S. exported natural gas to 32 other countries as well, including China, Japan, and South Korea.
The answer is clear. We can let Liberty Utilities continue to put the health and safety of our communities at risk by clinging to fossil fuels for their own gain, or we can insist upon a clean future that prioritizes our communities needs over the bottomline of huge corporations. Clean energy is moving forward – are we? | <urn:uuid:69aab267-b4e2-4ee6-8313-564cc1add9d8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://350nh.org/2019/07/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.95204 | 828 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Believe it or not, Sri Lankan expatriates living round the world form the “bread and butter” of Sri Lanka’s tourism industry. This is a bold statement but in this writer’s humble opinion it is a true statement.
Looking at the big picture it is a proven fact statistically that Sri Lankan expatriates who live overseas form the largest group of tourists coming to Sri Lanka regularly. This is true specially after the security situation improved in 2009. It is true that a few Sri Lankan expatriates have family and friends with whom they could ‘rough it out’ during their visits to Sri Lanka.
The new trend is that a few get-together and rent a condominium (apartment) in Colombo and share the dwelling. But in the final analysis most expatriates would like to stay at a five-star hotel if the rates are reasonable and affordable. Sadly, this is not true in Colombo as room rates at five-star hotels are alarmingly over-priced. I call Sri Lankan expatriates “tourists” since majority of them travel on foreign passports.
Five-star hotels specially in Colombo have not caught on to marketing strategies adopted worldwide. It is suggested that hotels in Colombo gets rid of flat-rate room rates in existence now and introduce a two-tier rate system like how it is done in most European and North American cities.
Fix one price from Monday to Thursday and a reduced rate from Friday to Sunday. If this is done the five-star hotels in Colombo will attract a cross-section of Sri Lankan expatriates who live around the world. It is on record that occupancy rates at five-star hotels in Colombo have dropped in 2015 compared to 2014, according to reports reaching us here in Toronto.
This is not surprising as the five-star hotels have out-priced themselves from their biggest market – Sri Lankan expatriates visiting Sri Lanka. JLL reports that the occupancy rates in Colombo were 57 percent in 2014/15, compared to 60 percent in 2013/2014.
Increase of arrivals
This occupancy rate is low and one wonders how they manage to sustain themselves over time. In this writer’s humble opinion, an occupancy rate of over 75 percent is required to make a hotel run profitably.
Sri Lanka Tourism recently released tourist arrivals for 2015. Appended below is a table as compared to 2014. Sri Lanka overall has recorded a 17.8 percent increase of arrivals over 2014. This is a healthy sign for the tourism industry and Tourism Minister John Amaratunga and his team. Going forward it is strategically important to look at the future of the tourism industry and how the minister and his management team could step up and take it to its full potential.
For the hospitality industry, occupancy rate is a key metric that drives their level of success. Occupancy rate measures the number of rooms that are occupied in hotels.
A high occupancy rate, normally measured as a percentage, is a healthy sign because it indicates that most of the rooms are generating income. Occupancy rate is calculated by determining the number of available units because some of the units may not be available because of maintenance or construction or other reasons and cannot be used by guests. For instance, a hotel with 100 rooms may only have 95 rooms available and this should be the basis for the occupancy calculation.
An occupancy rate of 100% is unusual except for properties like hotels at the peak of the holiday season. Similarly, a low occupancy rate signals problems and may be due to factors such as excessively high rates, depressed economic conditions or simply poor location of the property.
Room Revenue and Profitability
For most hotels, profitability is strongly correlated with room revenues and maximizing these revenues is a top priority. The two main drivers of room revenue are occupancy rate and a metric called Average Daily Rate (ADR).
It is easy to see why having more rooms occupied at any given time will increase revenue and hence profitability. The other metric, Average Daily Rate (ADR), represents the average daily rental income per occupied room. ADR is often used to determine how well a particular hotel is doing both in comparison to its competitors and its own past record. It is easily calculated: take the total room revenue for the entire property on a given day and then divide it by the number of rooms occupied.
The potential for tourism growth in Sri Lanka is unlimited. Future growth of the industry rests on how the product is managed, promoted and delivered. We, the Sri Lanka Expatriate group around the world wish to contribute to its sustenance but within limits of affordability. Please help us to help you! | <urn:uuid:4a4eb0fc-0f55-4fe6-9c75-f7ddc26a4c7c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ikman.org/general/minimum-room-rates-need-revision-in-order-to-increase-five-star-hotel-occupancy-in-colombo-sri-lankan-expatriates-form-the-bread-and-butter-of-tourism-industry-by-upali-obeyesekere | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.959746 | 958 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Please start by looking at page 2. You should look at it in page layout mode.
MIT Media Laboratory
ZStep 95 is a program debugging environment designed to help the programmer understand the correspondence between static program code and dynamic program execution. Some of ZStep 95's innovations include:
An animated view of program execution, using the very same display used to edit the source code
A window that displays values which follows the stepper's focus
An incrementally-generated complete history of program execution and output
"Video recorder" controls to run the program in forward and reverse directions and control the level of detail displayed
One-click access from graphical objects to the code that drew them
One-click access from expressions in the code to their values and graphical output
Supporting the cognitive tasks in programming
Programming is the art of constructing a static description, the program code, of a dynamic process, the behavior which results from running the program. In that sense, it is analogous to composing music. The program code is like a musical score, whose purpose it is to cause the performer [in the programming case, a computer] to perform a set of actions over a period of time.
What makes programming cognitively difficult is that the programmer must imagine the dynamic process of execution while he or she is constructing the static description, just as a composer must "hear the piece" in his or her head, while composing. This puts a great burden on the programmer's short term memory. What makes programming even more difficult than composing is that a musical composition usually specifies a single performance, whereas a program may be executed in a wide variety of conditions, with different resulting behavior.
Many, if not most, non-syntactic program bugs result from a discrepancy between the programmer's imagining of the desired behavior in a given situation, and the actual behavior of the program code in that situation. [In the case of a design problem, the program may behave as "intended", but the problem may be that the original intention is wrong.]
Once program code is written, the problem remains of verifying that the code written actually expresses the programmer's intent under all circumstances of interest. Interactive tools such as debuggers and program visualization systems can be invaluable in bridging that gap. Instead of trying to imagine how the events in a program unfold over time, why not have the machine show them to you?
We have designed a program debugging environment
to explicitly support the problem solving methodology of matching
the expectations of a programmer concerning the behavior of code
to the actual behavior of the code. This environment is called
Problem solving processes in debugging: localization and instrumentation
Two principal activities in debugging that can be assisted by tools in the programming environment are instrumentation and localization. Instrumentation is the process of finding out what the behavior of a given piece of code is, the software analog of attaching oscilloscope probes to a hardware component. Traditional tools that assist instrumentation are trace, breakpoints, and manually inserted print statements: trace instruments all calls to a function, a breakpoint or print statement instruments a specific function call. The problem with using trace and breakpoints in debugging is that they require some plausible hypothesis as to where the bug might be, so you know where to place the instrumentation. They are not of much help when you have no idea where a bug might be, especially when there are too many possibilities to check individually.
Localization is the process of isolating which piece of code is "responsible" for some given undesirable behavior of a buggy program, without any prior knowledge of where it might be. Among traditional tools, a stepper is potentially the most effective localization tool, since it interactively imitates the action of the interpreter, and the program can in theory be stepped until the error is found.
However, traditional steppers have a fatal interface flaw: they have poor control over the level of detail shown. Since the programmer's time is too valuable to make looking at every single step of an evaluation feasible, only those details potentially relevant to locating the bug should be examined.
Traditional steppers stop before evaluation of each expression and let the user choose whether or not to see the internal details of the evaluation of the current expression. If the user chooses to see all of the details, they must wade through a lot of irrelevant information. On the other hand, if they attempt to speed up the process by skipping over [presumably working] code, they are likely to miss the precise location of the bug.
The user can't make the decision about whether to see the details of an expression if he or she doesn't know whether this expression contributes to the bug. This leaves the user in the same dilemma as the instrumentation tools -- they must have a reasonable hypothesis about where the bug might be before they can effectively use the debugging tools!
20-20 hindsight: Reversible control structure
The solution adopted by ZStep 95 is to provide a reversible control structure. It keeps a complete, incrementally generated history of the execution of the program and its output. The user can confidently choose to temporarily ignore the details of a particular expression, secure in the knowledge that if the expression later proves to be relevant, the stepper can be backed up to look at the details. Thus, ZStep 95 provides a true localization tool.
There has been a considerable amount of past work on reversible program execution [1,3,8,9,11,15], but this work has concentrated on the details of minimizing the space requirements of the history and tracking side effects to data structures, both of which are important, but secondary to the user interface aspects which are the emphasis of this paper. It is important not only to "back up" variables to their previous values, but also to "back up" a consistent view of the user interface, including static code, dynamic data, and graphical output so that the user "backs up" their mental image of the program execution.
The reversible control structure aspects of ZStep 95 are discussed in more detail in . We will address the issue of the computational expense of the history-keeping mechanism later.
ZStep 95's main menu uses a bi-directional "video recorder" metaphor. The single-arrow "play" and "reverse" correspond to single-step in a traditional stepper, and the "fast-forward" and "rewind" operation go from an expression to its value and vice versa, without displaying details.
ZStep 95's "control menu"
It is important to note that ZStep 95's expression-by-expression stepping is not the same as statement-by-statement or line-by-line stepping found in many steppers for procedural languages. Individual lines or statements may still contain complex computations, and it is a severe limitation on the debugger if the granularity cannot be brought down finer than a statement or line.
The two "graphic step" operations G> and G< are an innovation that lets the user step the graphic output of the program back and forth, rather than control the stepper in terms of the expressions of the code. This will be discussed below.
ZStep 95's "cruise control"
ZStep 95 also has a "cruise control" mode,
in which the stepper can run continuously, in either direction,
without user intervention. The distance of the cursor from the
center of the panel controls the speed. The user can stop it at
any point when an interesting event appears, and run the stepper
in either direction at that point.
Keeping the debugging problem in context
A crucial problem in designing an interface for program debugging is maintaining the visual context. Because programming is an activity in which many items of interest have complex temporal and spatial relationships to other items, it is important to present each item with its context clearly identified.
Items such as the expression currently being evaluated, the value of a variable, or graphics drawn by the code may have almost no meaning outside their proper context. The programmer wants to know:
Where in the code was that expression was evaluated?
Which instance of the code was it?
When did the variable have that value
How did that graphic appear on the screen?
If the item and its visual context are spatially
or temporally separated, a new cognitive task is created for the
user -- matching up the item with its context. This new cognitive
task creates an obstacle for debugging and puts additional burden
on the user's short term memory. Linear steppers or tracers that
simply print out the next expression to be evaluated create the
task of matching up the expression printed to the place in the
code where that expression appears. "Follow the bouncing
ball" interfaces that point to an expression and print out
a value in another window lead to "ping-ponging" the
user's attention between the code display and the value display.
Follow the bouncing window
Because most programmers input their code as text
in a text editor, the primary mental image of the program becomes
the text editor's display of the code. Thus, to preserve the WYSIWYG
property, ZStep 95 always use the text editor's display to present
code during debugging.
The value window moves through the code
To maintain visual continuity, it is important that the exact form of the user's input be preserved, including comments and formatting details, even if they are not semantically significant. As the interpreter's focus moves, the source code of the expression that is about to be evaluated, or has just returned a value, is highlighted.
Steppers always have the problem of how to show code
expressions and their values simultaneously. In ZStep 95, as the
editor's focus moves from expression to expression, we use a floating
window to display the value. The display of the value is always
exactly aligned with the expression to which it corresponds, so
that the visual association between an expression and its value
is obvious. The floating value window is colored light green to
indicate if the expression is about to be evaluated, light blue
to indicate a return value, or yellow if it has caused an error.
What did that code do?
Our approach is to integrate instrumentation tools directly into the stepper. We provide two facilities for pointing at a piece of code and inquiring about the behavior of the code. Rather than inserting breakpoints or print statements into the actual code and resubmitting the code to the interpreter or compiler, we let the user simply point at the desired expression, then run the stepper until that expression is reached. This is called Step to Mouse Position. This is like a breakpoint, but an advantage is that the stepper is runnable both forward and backward from the point where the program stops, and all information about the computation remains available.
ZStep 94's pull-down menu
Even more dynamic is Show Value Under Mouse, which is like a continuously updated Step to Mouse Position. The user simply waves the mouse around the code, without clicking, and the expression currently underneath the cursor displays its value window.
What has that code done?
We also provide a facility to track the behavior
of a given expression over different execution histories. The
operation Current Form History allows the user to point
at an expression and bring up a menu of the past values of that
The history of values of an expression
Another history facility is the Values Filter, which brings up a menu of all returned values in the history satisfying a condition. Clicking on one of the values returns the stepper to the corresponding event. We could also provide a filter on the expression executed, which would correspond to a traditional trace.
ZStep 95 has a stack display that is updated continuously
with each event, animated in tandem with the source code animation.
Each stack frame is itself a menu item, and clicking it returns
you to that frame. All graphic display and other context is restored
exactly as it was when that stack frame was first entered.
What code did that?
One of the most essential, but also most difficult, tasks in debugging is being able to reason backward from the manifestation of some buggy behavior to the underlying cause. Even when the bug is visually apparent in the application's user interface, the programmer must work backwards from an incorrect display to the code responsible. Traditional tools do not make any special provision for debugging programs with graphic output; worse, the user interface of the debugger often interferes with the user interface of the target program itself, making it impossible to debug!
ZStep 95 maintains a correspondence between events
in the execution history and graphical output produced by the
current expression. Considerable care is taken to assure that
the graphic output always appears consistent with the state of
execution. When the stepper is run forward or backward to a certain
point in the execution, the graphic display is also moved to that
Clicking on a graphical object backs up the stepper to the event which drew it
Furthermore, individual graphical objects on the
display also are associated with the events that gave rise to
them. We allow the user to click on a graphical object, such as
a tree node in our example, and the stepper is automatically positioned
at the event which drew that node. Just as in our other operations
like Step to Mouse Position, the stepper is active at that point,
and the program can be run forward and backward from that point.
Let's see that again, slowly
In reasoning from the behavior of the program to the code, it is useful to be able to step the behavior rather than step the code. The user conceptualizes the behavior of the program as a set of graphic states that unfold over time, as the frames of an animation. The increments of execution should be measured in terms of the animation frames rather than execution of code, since events that happen in the code may or may not give rise to graphic output.
ZStep 95 provides two operations, Graphic Step
Forward and Graphic Step Backward, that run the stepper
forward or backward, respectively, until the next event happens
that results in significant graphic output. Below, each graphic
step results in an exploration of the next branch of the tree.
Three successive "graphic steps"
Each graphic step runs the stepper forward or backward until it is pointing at the event which was responsible for the graphic output, and the stepper remains live at all times. While stepping non-graphic code, the effects of previous graphic operations remain visible, just as they do in a normally-running program.
We could also provide graphic step operations analogous
to "graphic fast forward" and "graphic rewind".
Because the stepper can be run from either the code or the graphics
at any point in time, the user can easily move back and forth
between the different points of view.
Programming by Error Message
Trial and error is a tried and true strategy for solving all sorts of problems, but it's not a great strategy. It's inefficient, and can even be dangerous if the trial itself contains risks. It is the debugging strategy of last resort, but it is far better than having no strategy at all.
By understanding how trial and error works in debugging, we can provide support for this strategy in the programming environment. Interpretive environments, which let you perform the "edit, run, test" loop quickly, are one way to facilitate this rather dumb approach. Compiler warnings of traditional programming environments can also be quite useful, but they rarely pinpoint the expression that failed. .ZStep 95 implements several improvements that can drastically decrease the number of trials.
Traditionally, errors during program execution are disruptive. If you run some giant program and you get "error number -127" you have no idea which part of the program was responsible. Some environments put the user into a breakpoint loop, from which special commands can examine the error, and the stack can be inspected. In either case, errors disrupt execution and often lose information about partial computations which may have finished correctly.
Having an accurate mapping between the source code
and the error is crucial. In ZStep 95, an expression which results
in an error simply displays the error message in place of the
value of the subexpression most relevant to the error. The value
window is colored yellow to indicate the error condition. The
stepper remains active, all intermediate values are preserved,
and the program can be run backward to examine the history that
led up to the error.
Programming by Error Message
Let's use (/ 100 (- 1 1)) as an example program fragment. If an error occurs you'll see the expression highlighted, with a floating window containing the error message immediately to the right. We can back up to pinpoint the source of the error.
Now, we have confidence that we know just where the error is coming from, but we might not yet know how to fix it or how to avoid getting it in the future. If we ZStep forward to see "(/ 123 X) Can't divide by Zero" again, we can then click on "Can't divide by Zero" to get a dialog box with more information. This includes the full text of the error message, a brief explanation of the theory of the error [Dividing by zero would result in infinity and Common Lisp can't represent infinity], some examples of correct calls to the function "/" and perhaps some counter-examples. Finally you can click on a button to get additional documentation on the divide function itself.
Knowing exactly where an error occurred will often allow an experienced programmer to fix the bug. But a good error message can inform the inexperienced why it occurred, allowing them to not just fix the current error but to prevent creating such errors in the future. With really great error messages you can imagine knowing very little about a programming language and just start typing in code. Your first fragments will be syntactically incorrect and you'll be told why. After you've got the syntax down, you'll be getting semantic errors. These may require several levels of explanation that ultimately extend to the architecture of algorithms.
ZStep 95 facilitates the repair phase, since it leaves you in the text editor with the cursor pointing to exactly the code in need of repair. Further, you are then just one click away from restarting the entire computation after the edit. However, we cannot support restarting the computation from any point in ZStep's history after the edit, because editing a running program cannot guarantee consistency of the event data structures.
ZStep 95 has implemented support for only a tiny
number of such error messages. A complete system would support
all of the functions in the base language and let the programmer
easily enter in support for their own functions. To further the
"Programming by Error Message" concept, the documentation
for the function that errored [divide in our example] would contain
links to other arithmetic functions as well as descriptions of
the data types that they operate on, i.e. numbers. Extended examples
that contain calls to the function in question in context as
well as explanations of the algorithms being used would round
out the ideal "Programming by Error Message" environment.
Debugging the ZStep idea: Evolution from ZStep 84
ZStep 95 is an evolutionary descendant of steppers we have been working on since ZStep 84 . We have been "debugging" the ZStep idea through informally testing different alternative interfaces and implementations. We present here just a few of the interesting aspects of ZStep 84's interface to illustrate some design alternatives.
ZStep 84's interface: before (left) and after
(right) evaluating the expression (fact
ZStep 84 displayed code in two windows simultaneously. The top window contained an unmodified copy of the source code, annotated just by highlighting the current expression about to be evaluated or just evaluated. The bottom code window also showed the same code, but with the expressions replaced by their values as they are evaluated. In the right half of the illustration, the expression (fact (1- n)) is replaced by its value, 2.
Substituting a value for its expression has the advantage of being consistent with an intuitive "evaluation is substitution" conceptual model of the evaluation process, and also shows return values in their context. However, we prefer the single floating window approach, since it reduces the "ping-pong" effect of splitting the user's attention between two windows.
Instead of the "tape recorder" controls
of ZStep 95, ZStep 84 used a single menu, which dynamically changed
the names of the items depending on whether it was in the state
of just about to evaluate an expression or just about to return
a value. The current interface now uses color of the floating
window to indicate whether in an eval or a return state, and the
control button arrows are more intuitive than reading the names
of the operations.
Graphical representation of programs
There is no reason why we have to limit ourselves to textual representations of programs. In most of our implementations of ZStep, we have refrained from changing the physical appearance of program code, simply to keep the focus on debugging interfaces and not launch debates about visual programming. But we are sympathetic to the idea that graphical representations of program code might prove to be helpful in debugging. A graphical representation of programs, especially if it is animated as the stepper runs the code, might make bugs more visually apparent than by linearly reading program text.
We have done several experiments along these lines.
The illustration shows a program represented as a tree of function
calls, again with the values for expressions that have returned
a value substituted in place. Returned values are rendered in
a different color from program code expressions. The current execution
point is also displayed in a different color.
A function call tree representation of program code
This function call graph is also animated by the stepper as the program runs, and can be seen simultaneously with a more conventional textual code display.
A 3D program representation
More radically, we have also worked on three-dimensional
animated representations of code . This three-dimensional
representation uses boxes and other 3D forms to represent program
elements and smooth animation of program execution.
There's nothing slower than a program that doesn't work yet!
By now, many readers will be thinking: isn't all this history-keeping and use of special-purpose interpreters ridiculously expensive? Histories eat up enormous amounts of storage, and interpreting code is slow. The answer is: yes, it can be expensive. But does it matter?
First of all, we have to keep in mind that the purpose of the stepper is to debug programs that don't work yet, and so worrying about optimizing execution is silly. Even in an extremely large program, where keeping a complete history is infeasible, judicious testing can often isolate a fragement of the code which is not too large to run ZStep on. Nevertheless, we admit that there may be bugs that appear only after long runs involving large amounts of code, and so our techniques may be inappropriate in these cases. However, we conjecture that the vast majority of bugs are relatively shallow, and the productivity improvements from finding simple bugs quickly will far outweigh slower execution during testing.
Second, the key to making these techniques feasible over a wider range of programs are tools for selectively turning on and off history-keeping mechanisms. A simple way to automate selective processing of history in a common case would be to run the program normally until an error occurs. Then a program could use the stack inspector to determine what functions were involved in the error, and history-keeping would be turned on selectively for those functions. The problem would then be run again from the beginning.
Another common objection to our approach is that it is not guaranteed to work in the presence of programs that have side effects. First, we should observe that certain kinds of shallow side effects do in fact work without any special provisions. Incrementing a variable will, because of the history, preserve the values both before and after the operation. More complex side effects involving shared data structures will not work, but one is no worse off than with conventional debugging techniques. More elaborate history-keeping mechanisms such as those studied in the simulation literature could alleviate this problem.
A wonderful use of our stepper is in educational
applications, where execution efficiency is not of much concern,
but interactive control and data visualization are paramount.
One of the best ways to teach programming to a beginner would
be to have the student step through example programs. In general,
a stepper is an excellent tool for understanding code written
ZStep 95 was implemented in Macintosh Common Lisp 2.0. It is a prototype, and not a production implementation in several respects. First, it works with only a subset of Common Lisp. Second, no attempt was made to optimize speed or space constraints. Third, we did not perform any formal user testing, besides getting feedback from both experienced and novice programmers. Our main goal was to experiment with novel interfaces to dynamic program visualization.
Adapting ZStep 95 concepts to C would be possible, but challenging. A complete parser and unparser for C syntax would be required and care would have to be taken to assure the C interpreter or compiler kept enough type and run-time information.
The lesson for design of languages and environments
is to consider debuggability as a primary criterion. If the goal
of a new environment is to make programmers more productive, nothing
could contribute to this goal more than introspective features
that provide the foundation for sophisticated debuggers.
We're sad to report that there is not as much related work in this area as there should be. Even recently implemented programming environments seem to provide only the same set of tools that have been around for the past 30 years: trace, breakpoints, stack inspection, and perhaps a line-by-line stepper.
The Transparent Prolog Machine provides an innovative graphical view of program execution, and an interface carefully designed with Prolog's more complex execution model in mind. An innovative stepper for Lisp which shares some of the principles described here was recently implemented by Watt .
Many of the elements of our approach do have a long history. Reversible debuggers have been explored as far back as 1969 , and more recently by Moher . However, these debuggers did not provide reversible animations of both the code and its graphical output, nor connections between individual code expressions, values and individual graphical objects.
The field of visual programming uses graphical objects to represent the elements of the program, such as variables, functions and loops. The best of these environments also provide some animation of the graphical representation during execution. The pioneering work on animated visualization of program code in a single stepper was done by Ron Baecker .
Animation of visual representations of data manipulated by programs often appears under the name algorithm animation [or scientific visualization if the algorithm represents a physical process]. Animations of data help a programmer visualize the dynamic effects of a program as it runs. But most visual programming and algorithm animation systems confine themselves to visualizing and animating either the code or the data, but not both.
No one of these approaches -- reversiblity, animation
of code, or animation of data -- by themselves will lead to a
satisfactory set of debugging tools. ZStep 95's contribution is
to integrate reversibility, animation of code, and correspondence
between code expressions, values and graphic output, all under
unified interactive control. Using the control structure of a
stepper to control visualization of data helps solve one of the
fundamental problems of software visualization: establishing the
correspondence between data that looks faulty and determining
the code that corresponds to the error. Adding data visualization
facilities to the code visualization that steppers provide solves
the problem of determining the effect of a particular piece of
code upon the [sometimes complex] program state.
Support for Lieberman's work comes in part from research
grants from Alenia Corp., Apple Computer, ARPA/JNIDS, the National
Science Foundation, and other sponsors of the MIT Media Lab, and
for Fry's work from Harlequin, Inc. The authors would like to
thank Marc Brown, John Stasko and Blaine Price, who ran the CHI
94 Workshop on Software Visualization, and John Domingue for
Hiralal Agrawal, Richard deMillo, and Eugene Spafford, An Execution-Backtracking Approach to Debugging, IEEE Software, May 1991.
Ron Baecker, Two Systems Which Produce Animated Representations of the Execution of Computer Programs, SigCSE Bulletin, February 1975.
Robert Balzer, EXDAMS, EXtensible Debugging and Monitoring System, Spring Joint Computer Conference, 1969.
Marc Brown, Perspectives on Algorithm Animation, Proceedings of ACM CHI'88 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, p. 33-38.
Marc Eisenstadt and Mike Brayshaw, The Transparent Prolog Machine: An Execution Model and Graphical Debugger for Logic Programming, Journal of Logic Programming 5(4), p.1-66, 1988.
W. Wayt Gibbs, Software's Chronic Crisis, Scientific American, Sept 1994.
E.P. Glinert, ed, Visual Programming Environments: Applications and Issues, IEEE Press, 1991
Henry Lieberman, Steps Toward Better Debugging Tools for Lisp, ACM Symposium on Lisp and Functional Programming, Austin, Texas, August 1984
Henry Lieberman, Reversible Object-Oriented Interpreters, First European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Paris, France, Springer-Verlag, 1987.
Henry Lieberman, A Three-Dimensional Representation for Program Execution, in
Thomas Moher, PROVIDE: A Process Visualization and Debugging Environment, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 14, No. 6, June 1988.
Donald Norman, Cognitive Engineering, in Donald Norman and Stephen Draper, eds. User Centered System Design, Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc. 1986.
Dennie van Tassel, Program Style, Design, Efficiency, Debugging and Testing, Prentice-Hall, 1974
Stewart Watt, Froglet: A Source-Level Stepper for Lisp, Human Cognition Research Laboratory, Open University, Milton Keynes, England, 1994.
M. V. Zelkowitz, Reversible Execution, Communications of the ACM, Sept. 1973. | <urn:uuid:fbb2da10-9516-4352-95c4-5a9559b062dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://web.media.mit.edu/~lieber/Lieberary/ZStep/ZStep-SoftViz/ZStep-SoftViz.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.920768 | 6,418 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Russia and China together – level 2
Russia and China together conduct a naval drill in the East China Sea. It is an important moment for the two countries.
The drills come a day after Putin signed a gas deal with China. Russia will deliver thirty-eight billion cubic metres of natural gas into China starting in 2018. It is a 30-year-old deal worth around 400 billion dollars.
The USA has been trying to isolate President Putin. This pact of China and Russia is something the USA is not happy about.
Difficult words: conduct (carry out), drill (training), isolate (stop Putin from working with other countries), pact (agreement between two countries).
You can read the original story and watch the video in the Level 3 section.
What country is your best ally?
LEARN 3000 WORDS with NEWS IN LEVELS
News in Levels is designed to teach you 3000 words in English. Please follow the instructions
How to improve your English with News in Levels:
- Do the test at Test Languages.
- Go to your level. Go to Level 1 if you know 1-1000 words. Go to Level 2 if you know 1000-2000 words. Go to Level 3 if you know 2000-3000 words.
- Read two news articles every day.
- Read the news articles from the day before and check if you remember all new words.
- Listen to the news from today and read the text at the same time.
- Listen to the news from today without reading the text.
- Answer the question under today’s news and write the answer in the comments. | <urn:uuid:00e60b6a-0282-41c3-96dd-61d527bbf4f7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/russia-and-china-together-level-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.918321 | 354 | 3.453125 | 3 |
- Mali is a 95 percent Muslim country. Communication, including addresses, is based on the French model and is similar to negotiations with French partners.
- The way of addressing is the same as in France.
- Business Meeting
- Due to the hot climate and frequent traffic jams, the local custom is less punctuality and longer lunch breaks, which usually extend until the end of working hours on Fridays in view of the big Muslim noon prayer. It is not customary to conduct business meetings on Friday afternoons, but they are also acceptable on the weekend. Especially during the first personal meeting, it is customary to give a promotional gift.
- The official language is French and the most widely spoken indigenous language is Bambara.
- Malians are almost 95% Muslim, so they don’t drink alcohol and don’t eat pork. However, there are many Christians living in the capital city of Bamako, both Malians and from the surrounding countries, so it is good to find out your religion in advance and choose refreshments or food accordingly.
- Public holidays
Fixed holidays: New Year, 20.1. Army Day, 2Martyrs’ Day, Easter Monday, Labor Day, 2Africa Day, 22.9. Independence Day, 20.11. Prophet Muhammad’s birthday and 25.12. Christmas holiday. Working and sales hours are similar to Europe, weekend days are Saturday and Sunday. Banks and some state institutions also work on Saturday mornings. During the fasting month of Ramadan, work is normally done, but there is a need to take into account considerations regarding fasting, especially towards the end of the holiday. Visit Allunitconverters for more information about Mali culture and traditions.
Brief introduction – 3-5 sentences
In the individual parts, the answer to the questions can be based on the culture card processed for seminars and for delegations.
How to reach business partners?
How to arrange a business meeting and how it takes place (location and time of the meeting /office, restaurant; lunch, dinner/, business cards, gifts, etc.)?
Timing of negotiations
What surprises a Czech businessman the most during negotiations?
What are ….. traders?
Is negotiating with local traders different, made difficult by cultural/religious/ethnic differences?
How do ….. traders manage time in a business meeting?
How do ….. traders deal with emotions in a business negotiation?
Are there any territorial differences in business dealings within a country?
It is suitable or customary to offer alcohol during business meetings?
How to dress for a work meeting?
What should an ideal negotiation team look like (number of members, age and gender composition of the team, team leader)?
It is customary to invite a business partner to your home, or be invited home? If so, what is usual for such a visit, what to expect?
Is it important to bring an interpreter with you?
How about language facilities?
Are there any communication taboos?
What is the best way to communicate (in person, email, phone, etc.)?
What would you recommend to entrepreneurs who are going to …..?
A list of public holidays and a possible brief comment on the most important ones.
+ if the Link to download the Business Deal Culture card
- Contacts to Czech embassies in the territory
- In the Republic of Mali, the Office of the Czech Republic was opened in 2019, and at the same time the consulate of the Czech Republic in Bamako, which was headed by an honorary consul until the opening of the Office of the Czech Republic, was closed. Contact details of the Office of the Czech Republic in Bamako are listed on the website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic at www.mzv.cz/bamako. The contact for the Department of Sub-Saharan African States of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic can be found on the website www.mzv.cz in the “About the Ministry” section, the “Organizational Structure” chapter, the “Organizational Structure of the Ministry” subchapter and the “Organizational Chart of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs” folder. The contact for the Department of Foreign Economic Policy II of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic can be found on the website www.mpo.cz in the “Directory” section, the “Ministry” chapter, the “About the Ministry” subchapter and the “Ministry Organizational Structure” folder.
- Practical telephone numbers (emergency services, police, firefighters, information lines, etc.)
- Practical telephone numbers in the territory are: ambulance: 15; police: 17; firefighters: 18; emergency call: 112.
- Important Internet links and contacts
- Internet information sources: www.studiotamani.org; www.maliweb.net; www.maliactu.net; www.lessormali.com.
Contacts at the embassies of the Czech Republic in the territory
Addresses of embassies (including PaulTrade), working hours, telephones, emails, ideal connections from the airport and the city center.)
If it is PROPEA, add the contact.
Practical telephone numbers (emergency services, police, firemen, information lines, etc.)
See contacts name of the subsection + other important phone numbers
Important web links and contacts
Websites and contacts for all ministries, the government, the president, local chambers of commerce and further for consideration by country (e.g. major media, central bank, economic analysis, tax administration…) | <urn:uuid:387585a7-e837-4512-a5ed-a9b45c2cfcf7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.topschoolsintheusa.com/mali-culture-of-business/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.908607 | 1,217 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Emma Green takes note of a puzzling trend:
In 1970, there were roughly 426,000 Catholic weddings, accounting for 20 percent of all marriages in the United States that year. Beginning in 1970, however, Catholic marriages went into decades of steady decline, until the turn of the new century – when that decline started to become precipitous: Between 2000 and 2012, Church weddings dropped by 40 percent, according to new data from the Official Catholic Directory. Given other demographic trends in the denomination, this pattern is question-raising: As of 2012, there were an estimated 76.7 million Catholics in the United States, a number that has been growing for at least four decades.
One reason, Green suggests, is “a lack of awareness about the specific doctrinal importance the Church places on marriage”:
“More people are choosing to get married in country clubs and at the beach,” said [the Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate’s Mark] Gray. “A lot of people are unaware of the importance of marriage and the place it has in Church sacramental life … Younger Catholics are probably not going to have a deep awareness about the sacrament of marriage, even if they self-identify as Catholic and [have] religious beliefs.” | <urn:uuid:ebeaa38c-d34e-4a80-ae12-e18bfba28fef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://dish.andrewsullivan.com/2014/08/03/where-are-all-the-catholic-marriages/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.967478 | 262 | 1.984375 | 2 |
The Director General is appointed by the Board of Directors on the basis of a binding proposal made on the deliberation of the Committee comprised of the Foundation's Founding Members.
The Director General:
a) attends to the meetings of the Board of Directors and the Academic Senate as secretary;
b) operates on the basis of specific executive powers conferred by the Board of Directors;
c) makes proposals to the Board of Directors for the elaboration of programs, directives and projects within the competence of the governing bodies and oversees the implementation of the programs themselves.
The Director General is Dott. Roberto Russo. | <urn:uuid:80da6778-d2d7-467e-b2f0-d50742487823> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://unilink.it/en/university/organization/director-general | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.948957 | 122 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Editor's note: This story is part of Southwest Michigan Second Wave's On the Ground Calhoun County series.
At the root of the majority of crimes are underlying issues that rarely get addressed. This is about to change in Calhoun County with the addition of a social worker in the Public Defender’s Office.
David Makled, the county’s Chief Public Defender and director of that office, says resources and supports are available for those who commit crimes it goes a long way to reducing jail or prison time and recidivism. These were among the benefits he saw when he represented youth in a Juvenile Drug Court while he was in private practice in Barry County. He also saw these same benefits while working as a Family Division Court referee in Calhoun county.
“This is something I have wanted to do since we opened (the Public Defender’s Office) here in 2019,” Makled says.
He and his staff are in the midst of interviewing candidates this week to fill the social worker position. Once hired, Calhoun County’s Public Defender’s Office
will be the 11th in Michigan to have a social worker as part of their team of 18 defense attorneys.
The Michigan Indigent Defense Commission will cover the cost of the social worker position in Calhoun County as it has done and will do with each participating county as part of its Social Worker Defender Project
In 2016, the Michigan Indigent Defense Commission, in partnership with the Urban Institute, was awarded a Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) grant to develop, implement, and measure the impact of social worker involvement in public defense representation for adults facing criminal charges.
The model developed through these efforts was the Social Worker Defender Project (SWDP). The goal of the project is to reduce incarceration rates by lowering or eliminating jail and prison sentences for participants in favor of appropriate community alternatives. It also is working to decrease recidivism through the increased use of treatment and educational programs, according to the project’s manual.
In reaching these goals, the Social Worker Defender Project seeks to: decrease reliance on incarceration, increase advocacy for clients, and increase collaboration between criminal justice stakeholders and social service providers.
Makled says social workers will work with clients who have committed crimes that aren’t considered serious offenses but that would still result in lengthy prison sentences. These clients must be willing to work with the social worker who will identify resources and support services that will address the root causes that contributed to their entry into the criminal justice system.
Makled says his office annually handles close to 3,000 misdemeanor cases and 1,700 felonies cases.
“When we get clients, we get all kinds of situations and some of the clients’ charges are so severe, they’re going to go to prison for a lengthy period of time and when that happens, there won’t be community-based sentencing opportunities for them,” Makled says. “Then there’s another group that may not be interested in participating.”
The clients who are most likely to be given the opportunity to work with the social worker are those facing a significant jail sentence and those who have an interest in addressing the underlying issues that led them to commit a crime. Makled says these issues include unmanaged mental health issues, homelessness, substance abuse or a troubled home life.
“The majority of our clients would qualify,” he says. “Our primary focus is on someone who could go to jail or prison. Our goal is to identify those people as early as possible so we can provide alternatives to incarceration. This doesn’t mean they won’t get jail time or have other consequences. But, through this program, we can present the court with alternatives and show that the client has a track record because of their participation. If they’re participating before their sentencing, it puts them in a better position and gives the court a better more complete picture of the client and creates other alternatives.”
Calhoun County District County Judge Tracie Tomak says most defendants do have underlying factors contributing to their being in the criminal justice system.
“I can tell you that if a person enters a guilty plea or is found guilty at trial, the probation department screens them for underlying issues,” Tomak says. “If you put someone on probation to address underlying issues it helps the person convicted. If it helps at the beginning stage instead of the end it makes a difference. Getting treatment sooner sometimes can result in a plea of a lesser charge.”
Defense attorneys in Makled’s office will identify clients who meet the criteria and benefit from these alternatives then make referrals to the social worker who will do the assessments and screenings and coordinate services and linkages to community resources, Makled says.
The goal, he says, is to have the social worker do a sentence mitigation report to provide the court with a more complete picture of “our clients – their history, background, where they messed up and their successes – so the court can make a more informed decision and recommend to the court a sentence focused less on incarceration and also allows the client to make progress on the things they’re working on. The (social worker) will be part of the defense team, but supporting clients in a different way by addressing issues and getting them services.”
While he says he knows there is likely to be some pushback from those who don’t think his clients deserve the opportunities through the Social Worker Defender Project, he says it makes sense from a societal and financial standpoint.
“We could spend a substantial amount of money to have them in the local jail for one year or have them out there as productive and contributing members of the community,” Makled says. “Funding for this position is coming entirely from the state. The county is not paying for this, but they believed it’s a worthwhile investment of resources.”
Genesee County served as the pilot location for the Social Worker Defender Project. But, the Public Defender’s Office in Muskegon County was doing similar work well before the Michigan Indigent Defense Commission began the social worker project and made funds available. Makled traveled to Muskegon to see how they were getting it done.
Muskegon County’s Public Defender’s Office was the first in Michigan to have a social worker on staff, says Fred Johnson, director of that office. He says the credit for this goes to Manda Mitteer, a staff attorney with a Master’s degree in Social Work, and Chad Catalino, who has gone on to be the director of the Allegan/VanBuren County Public Defender’s Office.
“Chad and Manda applied for a grant from the Bronx Defenders
based out of the Bronx in New York,” Johnson says. “They are the ones who saw it and had the insight and put it in place.”
The Bronx Defenders is a public defender nonprofit that is radically transforming how low-income people in the Bronx are represented in the justice system and, in doing so, is transforming the system itself, according to its website.
“We have pioneered a groundbreaking, nationally recognized model of defense called holistic defense
that achieves better outcomes for our clients. Each year, we defend 27,000 low-income Bronx residents in criminal, civil, child welfare, and immigration cases, and we reach thousands more through our community intake and outreach programs,” says a statement on the website.
Johnson said he, Mitteer, and Catalino were trained in 2015 through the Bronx Project.
“When we did it, there were 23 holistic organizations on the Bronx Model and we were the first in the state of Michigan. The Bronx funded us with a $10,000 grant that covered expenses and training,” Johnson says.
Today, two social workers and 12 social work interns work with Johnson and his team. The cost of the social workers is covered by the Michigan Indigent Defense Commission and the interns don’t cost the county anything.
“In Social Work you have to have 240 hours of community service to get a degree. Our interns come in on shifts for nine months and provide services to the county at no charge,” Johnson says. “Manda figured out a way to provide resources at no cost to the county. There will be social work students who need to work in the community to get credits to get their degree. We have been told by their professors that we provide them with the best internship opportunities in the state because they’re not paper pushers or answering phones.”
Social workers in Johnson’s office reach about 30 percent of the 10,000 clients annually served. They can be facing charges including, felonies, misdemeanors, neglect, and abuse. “We are known to cover all those bases,” Johnson says.
He has seen firsthand the positive impact that the social workers in his office are making.
“I had this one guy I must have represented six or seven times for driving on a suspended license and he was accumulating a lot of fines that were costing a lot of money that he couldn’t pay. He told me that he couldn’t read so he couldn’t pass the written driver’s test,” Johnson says. “I matched him up with a social worker who went to the Secretary of State’s office with him and read him the exam and he passed and got his license.”
On Tuesday, Johnson was able to get a woman who is schizophrenic and self-medicating with heroin out of jail. The judge allowed her to go home because she is entering a substance abuse program that a social worker connected her with.
“She gets to go home, keep her job, and gets to be with her kids,” Johnson says. “The folks who face serious consequences are the most eager to try this and work with our social workers.”
However, this work does not always involve opportunities for someone to serve a lesser or reduced sentence or go home as was the case with a client who was convicted of first-degree murder and was sentenced to life in prison. Johnson says his client admitted to killing someone and the prison sentence was not a surprise.
He was a juvenile at the time of the crime and had a slew of caseworkers and probation officers and also was sent to Boys Town in Nebraska. His case cost Muskegon County hundreds of thousands of dollars, Johnson says.
A social worker worked with him for two years and it took him 18 months of that time to realize that he had taken the life of someone who didn’t deserve to die, Johnson says.
“The first time he cried about this was with the social worker,” Johnson says. “He was into getting high, shooting people, and having sex. He was an enforcer. He had the potential to do so much more but that’s not where he applied himself and those opportunities.”
Like the majority of the clients that Johnson’s office works with, this young man had underlying issues that included a lack of family support and an absence of anyone he could really talk to.
“We tried this case knowing that if he loses, he would go to jail for the rest of his life,” Johnson says. “His mother came to court one day and never came back.”
Even though the outcome of the trial was clear to everyone involved, the social worker focused her efforts on getting him counseling and offering support to make family connections to help him better manage his incarceration or navigate a world that will have changed if he ever has the opportunity to get an early release.
“We may never see the benefit of it in this community, but someone else may see the benefit when he was incarcerated,” Johnson says. “If we can provide a service that’s effective to assist and help people when they’re coming home, at some point, we’ll provide it.”
Much of what Johnson cites as successes is based on anecdotal, not statistical information. He says the Michigan Indigent Defense Commission is compiling statistical documentation that will offer a more fact-based assessment of the effectiveness of the social work project.
Makled says a 10-year study done by the Bronx Defenders showed positive results, including less jail time and less recidivism.
“This study showed that while conviction rates stayed the same, there were shorter sentences and more alternatives offered to incarceration,” Makled says.
Johnson says judges he has dealt with have been very receptive to having alternatives to putting someone in jail.
“They’ve gambled on it and so far I think they’re happy with it. Before this came about a judge had two options -- put you in jail or not. By bringing in this wave of social workers, judges have other options to work with. You have judges listening to me, this crusty old defense attorney and calling in social workers to talk with them,” Johnson says.
Tomak says her reaction to this is completely positive.
“As a former defense attorney, I can say that to have that type of asset and assistance will allow public defenders assigned to a case to have access to additional information that contributed to this situation, such as underlying mental health issues that may have caused them to lose their temper,” she says. “It helps the court in the event of a guilty finding and it helps the probation department to help this person and not just to punish them.”
To have this service available to everyone, will level the playing field, she says. “That’s what the Public Defender’s Office is for, to give everyone the same level of legal representation.”
Johnson says prosecuting attorneys are among his office’s greatest supporters.
“If I have a drug addict on heroin, during the course of a year she will steal from 1,000 people to meet her addiction, but if I get her into a substance abuse program, that costs the county and the taxpayers nothing,” Johnson says. “She gets a job, gets her kids back from the state, is paying taxes, and is part of the PTA. That kind of logic defeats iron bar therapy. Putting people like her in jail doesn’t make economic or social sense.”
Makled says the Social Worker Defender Project is part of an evolution in the way the criminal justice system does its work.
“The United States is known for having the highest incarceration rates in the world and for certain kinds of crimes and behaviors, it’s understood why society wants to remove or take the people who commit these crimes out of circulation, but when you’re dealing with mental health and drug problems, there’s been for some time now a cultural shift in attitudes about this,” he says. “We’re not trying to coddle criminals, it’s about investing in people who want to make a change in more productive ways which is better than them sitting in a jail cell.” | <urn:uuid:0d027287-1d0d-428f-8597-070c7666f096> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.secondwavemedia.com/southwest-michigan/features/Calhoun-County-Public-Defenders-Office-adds-staff-social-worker-to-deal-with-issues-behi-092321.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.974507 | 3,170 | 1.5 | 2 |
By Ryan Steal
Venus Williams is now putting a spotlight on mental health.
The 41-year-old tennis star announced that the group will provide free therapy for one month. She acknowledged that mental health is one thing that people find a challenge to take care of in the face of life’s difficulties.
“The challenge of taking care of our mental health through the ups and downs of life is something that all of us, no matter our background, can relate to,” Williams said in a statement.
The athlete saw the need to create more awareness on the importance of focusing on mental health, which she says is the reason she partnered with the two organizations.
The growing awareness of mental health is something that’s notably taking roots in the world of tennis. Naomi Osaka also recently opened up about her mental health and her journey with depression.
While giving a breakdown on the funds, WTA Tours said it’s availing the first $1 million, while the second $1 million is to be “covered by BetterHelp for each ace hit by WTA players for the remainder of the 2021 WTA Tour season.”
BetterHelp President Alon Matas also added on the importance of prioritizing mental health, and how thrilled he was that his organization was part of a great move to create awareness on the same.
“It’s important that we take care of our mental well-being, and therapy provides the space and time to do just that. We’re incredibly excited to support the WTA’s like-minded goals and partner with Venus to continue making therapy more accessible,” said Matas in a statement.
You may click here if you’re looking forward to being part of the initiative. | <urn:uuid:3f254e78-eee6-4eff-8900-cf62d0f1dde3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://theoklahomaeagle.net/2021/09/01/venus-williams-starts-new-initiative-to-tackle-mental-health-and-provide-free-therapy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.959578 | 366 | 1.765625 | 2 |
How much are business taxes in Spain? When do you have to pay your taxes in Spain? [piopialo vcboxed=”1″]What kind of business taxes do you have to pay in Spain? We want to answer these questions in this post.[/piopialo]
In Spain, all companies, resident or non-resident, pay a company tax called “Impuesto de Sociedades“. The only exception is the self-employed. A freelancer’s company tax is included in his/her personal taxes, called IRPF: Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas (personal income tax return).
The standard tax is 30%, but Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) (In Spain: companies earning less than 10 million euros per year) only pay 25% for the first 300,000€ and 30% for the rest. SMEs in Spain are called “Pymes”.
This percentage is calculated considering all revenues and includes capital gains less authorized expenses and VAT.
Worldwide profits are taken into account for companies resident in Spain, while non-resident companies only count the money from profits generated in Spain.
This tax is paid on three occasions every year: April, October and December. Also, an annual corporate tax return must be filed seven months before the end of the tax year.
This is the main tax, but there are some more business taxes in Spain.
Tax on business activity
If your company makes more than one million euros annually, then you will need to pay the tax on business activity or “Impuesto de Actividades Económicas” (IAE). If doesn’t, you need to fill out a discharge statement.
In order to determine whether you earn this million euros, income is added and taxes are subtracted. Financial income and subsidies are not considered (unless they are granted for the units of product sold). Only income that forms part of the ordinary activity is considered, so if money is obtained or lost by moving the headquarters of the company, for example, it would not be taken into account.
In Spain, this tax is paid at the beginning of the calendar year, so at the beginning of 2019 you will have to consider 2017 income.
This tax is not paid for the first two years.
Other business taxes in Spain: VAT, Social Security, etc.
These are the basic business taxes in Spain, but there are more. There is also a VAT, called IVA (Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido), but it is not paid by you, it is paid by the clients. You act as an intermediary and you have to deposit it every three months. It is a surcharge that is applied to your products between the 4 and the 21%.
Of course, you have to pay a Social Security tax for each employee and, depending on the activity and particularities of each company you have to pay or not other taxes, such as taxes on for vehicles or real estate.
You can have all the information you need in the Spanish Tax Office
If you want to expand your business to Spain we can help you | <urn:uuid:b1a2a618-9ad5-46d7-813b-b2e41dd40f36> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nementio.com/en/blog-inbound-marketing/how-much-is-business-taxes-in-spain/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.9586 | 675 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Join Albie on a brand new adventure in this brilliant book by the bestselling author and illustrator pairing Caryl Hart and Ed Eaves!
Going to the museum has never been so much fun!
'Hart is a rising picture book star.' The Bookseller
Praise for How to Grow a Dinosaur:
'A pre-school crowd pleaser with a dinosaur battle to boot.' The Bookseller
'Full of fun and packed with bold colourful pictures, this action-packed story will really appeal to children and is a great way to extend their imaginations.' Parents in Touch
Publisher: Simon & Schuster Ltd
Number of pages: 32
Dimensions: 278 x 240 mm
You may also be interested in...
Would you like to proceed to the App store to download the Waterstones App?
Alternatively, for multiple items you may find it easier to add to basket, then pay online and collect in as little as 2 hours, subject to availability. | <urn:uuid:67077d9a-34bd-4418-936d-0a741b87a993> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.waterstones.com/book/9781471162916 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.899521 | 206 | 2.015625 | 2 |
A wise person once said"if humans killed each other at the same rate that we kill animals we'd be extinct in 17 days” and that’s very true. If toucans went extinct, who knows what would happen.
Toucans are responsible for distributing seeds to the rest of the birds. Since the other smaller birds can’t fit the larger seeds. Meaning the toucans and toucanets carry nearly sole responsibility for regenerating the jungle with new seedlings of several plant species.
For toucans Global warming helped toucans move from Costa Rican lowlands to higher-elevation cloud forests.The toucans also eat quetzal eggs and nestlings.
In conclusion, other birds will get extinct if toucans do. Help toucans to stop people from cutting down trees in rainforests and their homes.
Thank you for your interest in contacting Future Engineers. We look forward to connecting with you! | <urn:uuid:8ad90b7c-3b4d-47e1-9525-1277a87ffbfa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.futureengineers.org/futurecreatures2020-21/gallery/49322 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.942516 | 203 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Written by Gabriel Dillard
When investing in commercial real estate, it’s important to understand each investment type and average return on investment (ROI) before deploying your capital. Whether you’re purchasing retail, office, industrial, or multi-family, determining which investment class best represents you will establish your risk tolerance and help find the right investment that aligns with your goals. We have found that astute investors typically spend a great amount of time planning with a trusted real estate advisor to educate themselves on current market conditions and expected risk/returns before making their initial investment.
When measuring investments and their offered return, we look at the following characteristics: location, CAP rate (CAP rate = net income ÷ purchase price), income growth over a hold period, strength of tenant(s), length of lease term, and management intensity. Understanding these different attributes will help investors determine the amount of risk each investment offers and provide them with the ability to identify which properties are overvalued, undervalued, or in line with market pricing.
Below are examples of five investment classes which are commonly used by investors and real estate professionals to classify commercial real estate investments:
Risk-Free (Non-Real Estate)
Risk-free investments are non-real estate investments, such as Bonds, CDs (Certified Deposits), Money Market Accounts, Savings Accounts, Treasuries, and Notes. These are considered risk free investments because of their fixed returns and high liquidity. Due to their safe nature, these investments run the lowest on the return spectrum compared to all other commercial investments. Understanding risk-free investments in commercial real estate is important because it provides a baseline for all other investment classes below and can shape the market.
Core investments are arguably the most sought-after properties in commercial real estate and can be single tenant or multi-tenant. These investments can be single or multi-tenant properties and often contain long-term leases backed by strong corporate tenants, such as Starbucks, In-N-Out, and Walgreens, to name a few. If single tenant, the average remaining lease term is around 10 years while multi-tenant is a blend of 5-10 years remaining. There is little to no management on these properties and the strategy for most investors when purchasing is a long-term hold plan. From a risk perspective, these investments offer the lowest amount of risk as well as return.
Core plus investments can be either single or multi-tenant and offer investors an increase in return and risk compared to core investments. These properties can include as few as one tenant to greater than twenty. With an increased number of tenants and higher returns, owners can be faced with shorter leases, which give a higher chance of vacancy and constant lease negotiations/renewals over an ownership period. These properties usually consist of smaller tenants rather than national tenants. The increased day-to-day involvement from the owner and higher risk of vacancies are why returns on these investments are higher than core assets.
Value add investments are some of the highest risk properties in the market. These investments are the properties low risk investors tend to avoid and usually contain some sort of issue that needs to be solved. Whether it be a high amount of vacancy, deferred maintenance, short leases, or larger vacancies not in demand (think vacant K-Marts and Drug Stores), these investments are attractive to investors because they see an opportunity to add value and increase the return. Value-add buyers are considered full time investors and are very hands-on in the day-to-day of these properties.
Opportunistic investments, often done by the most sophisticated investors, offer the highest risk and, if done successfully, can award owners with very high returns. Examples of opportunistic properties are empty buildings or shopping centers, raw land to be developed, and teardowns with replacement at the highest and best use. Investors will view these investments with a long-term plan, unless doing a flip or something short term with high risk on the front end. Much can go wrong, and risk is very high due to a variety of assumptions and unknowns. Owners can be faced with the risk of a complete loss of initial investment.
What’s Your Risk Profile?
Understanding your risk profile and which investment class you fit into is the first step towards making the right acquisition for your current needs and goals. If you’re looking for a long-term investment that generates steady cash flow, then a core or core plus asset might be the right fit for you. If you’re one who thinks taking great risk is worth the reward, then value-add and opportunistic properties might be a better fit.
Consult with an Investment Professional
At the Visintainer Group, we carefully analyze each client’s situation, risk tolerance, and objectives to develop a custom strategy tailored for their needs. Whether it’s purchasing your first commercial investment or adding to your portfolio, our proven track record and market knowledge ensures that clients are investing in the property that best aligns with their objectives, not ours.
John Kourafas, CCIM, is a Commercial Investment Advisor with the Visintainer Group in Fresno, CA. Formed in 2018 and built on a foundation of investment real estate, the Visintainer Group is a client-first commercial real estate firm. The Group has executed over $550 million in transactions across the United States. John specializes in commercial property acquisitions and dispositions for owners in the Central Valley, Sacramento, and Central Coast markets. He can be reached at 559.890.0419 or firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:8921df86-d701-4d50-a65c-36e3789f8fb9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thebusinessjournal.com/sponsored-understanding-expected-returns-vs-risk-in-commercial-real-estate/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=sponsored-understanding-expected-returns-vs-risk-in-commercial-real-estate | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.940929 | 1,166 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Solfege & Ear Training
Let's Play Music!
Let's Play Music is a fun foundational music theory class for your child that begins at age 4 - 6. This three-year program solves the problem that a child is most ready to learn music at an early age, but their fingers and letter skills are not yet ready. Let's Play Music is a nationally recognized complete musicianship course with instructors all over the country. Pickering Creative Artists Academy is happy to bring this curriculum to you in partnership with Let's Play Music Certified Instructor, Melissa Grow.
Classes begin On August 23, 2022
Let's Play Music Fall 2022 Class Schedule:
- 2nd Year Students - Tuesdays: 4:00pm, 5:00pm, 6:00pm
- 1st Year Students - Wednesdays: 4:00pm, 5:00pm
Contact us for our class schedules today! Email firstname.lastname@example.org or call 720-767-3627 for availability.
MAKE FRIENDS WHILE MAKING MUSIC!
MUSIC IS A GROUP SPORT! There are SO MANY benefits to learning with others, not to mention making lifelong friends in the process. | <urn:uuid:844386f2-3193-4961-a68b-284b34cd9eb1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pickeringarts.com/let-s-play-music | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.894497 | 270 | 2.109375 | 2 |
population is defined as the total number of individuals of a Species in a specific geographical area, can interbreed under natural conditions to produce fertile off springs and functions as a unit of biotic Community.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A POPULATION
Different populations can be compared by measuring these characteristics
Population size and population density.
Birth or Natality rate.
Death or Mortality rate.
Biotic or Reproductive potential.
Population fluctuations and population cycles.
Population size and population density. Population size indicates the total Number of organisms of a specific species present in a specific geographical area at a specific time. Population density of a species is the number of individuals of a species per unit area or volume.
- Birth or Natality rate. It is generally expressed as number of births per 1,000 individuals of a population per year.
- Death or Mortality rate. It is opposite to natality rate .It is commonly Expressed as the number of deaths per 1,000 individuals of a population per year. | <urn:uuid:60b63edc-95d0-48dd-b491-efc7419804c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thescienceworld.in/important-characteristics-of-population/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.855337 | 241 | 3.609375 | 4 |
Play Leaders In Action
Earlier this half term, 20 of our Year 5 children received an afternoon's play leader training. The aim of this was to equip these children with the skills and strategies to use when on the playground, in order to involve as many children as possible in physical activities. When being trained, the play leaders were attentive and showed great enthusiasm for the task as well as bringing some fresh ideas. This week, they started in their role with their brand new yellow bibs and can now be seen on the playground every lunchtime. Mrs John is already impressed with the positive effect they are having at lunchtimes on the playground. | <urn:uuid:8ee89187-2642-46dc-80a1-af2538983761> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.willinghamprimaryschool.co.uk/news/?pid=3&nid=2&storyid=348 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.98668 | 129 | 2.109375 | 2 |
NEW YORK, Feb. 2, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- A new online Insights Engine launched today by ReFED – the only national nonprofit focused exclusively on ending food loss and waste across the food system – reveals that the total amount of food waste has leveled off since 2016 after increasing by 11.9% in the earlier part of the decade, and per capita food waste has actually decreased by 2% over the last three years. While this demonstrates that food waste reduction efforts are starting to make an impact, more needs to be done to achieve the United States' national goal to reduce food loss and waste by 50% by the year 2030 – especially as the continued changes to the food system from COVID-19 make avoiding food waste even more difficult. Accompanied by ReFED's Roadmap to 2030: Reducing U.S. Food Waste by 50%, the Insights Engine is a centralized data and solutions hub with the information and insights needed to take meaningful action to address the problem.
In 2016, ReFED launched the landmark Roadmap to Reduce U.S. Food Waste by 20%, the first-ever national economic study of food waste to engage a multi-stakeholder group to develop a true plan for action. Five years later – and based on an extensive analysis of public and proprietary data from across the entire food system – ReFED's new Insights Engine offers a trusted, first-of-its-kind online hub for updated data and solutions for businesses, government agencies, funders, nonprofits, and more to reduce food waste.
According to the Insights Engine, in 2019 35% of food went uneaten or unsold – the equivalent of throwing away $408 billion dollars, or 1.9% of U.S. GDP. This has enormous impacts across climate and natural resources, food insecurity, and the economy. ReFED estimates that an annual investment of $14 billion over the next ten years to implement prevention, rescue, and recycling solutions can reduce food waste by 45 million tons annually. That investment would result in $73 billion in annual net economic benefit for the country, avoid 75 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions every year (equivalent to 16 million cars), save 4 trillion gallons of water (more than used by the entire state of Colorado), rescue the equivalent of 4 billion meals annually for the 50 million Americans who are food insecure, create 51,000 jobs over ten years – and achieve the 2030 reduction goal.
Key findings from the Insights Engine also show that more than 50% of waste at the farm level comes from edible food that's not harvested, 70% of food waste for restaurants and other foodservice businesses comes from customers not finishing the food they've been served or taken, and the residential sector is still the largest source of food waste overall and has an even bigger greenhouse gas footprint given the added energy required to get food from farm to home. The Insights Engine provides a comprehensive review of more than 40 food waste solutions to address these issues and more based on their impact potential (net economic benefit, food waste diverted, greenhouse gas emissions reduced, meals recovered, and jobs created). It offers a granular analysis of the causes and impacts of food waste in the United States at a national level and by state and food industry sector, along with the investment required and the potential return on investment for food waste reduction solutions. It also connects users with innovative solution providers ready to collaborate on food waste reduction initiatives.
Complementing the Insights Engine, ReFED released its Roadmap to 2030, a framework to help implement the solutions in the Insights Engine. Roadmap to 2030 evaluates the entire food supply chain and outlines seven key action areas with recommended priorities for each that show where the food system must focus its food waste reduction efforts over the next ten years. Importantly, the Roadmap to 2030 also provides a detailed financial analysis to help direct the public, private, and philanthropic capital investments needed to fund these efforts.
"Food waste is a solvable problem, and we're excited to say that we're seeing progress. But we need a massive acceleration in order to achieve meaningful change," said Dana Gunders, Executive Director, ReFED. "The good news is that a range of impactful solutions already exist, and we've analyzed dozens of them – from the simplest to the most complex. With these new tools, we're taking the movement from a paper road atlas to Google maps, allowing us to see where we are and the next moves to get us to where we want to be."
"As philanthropic funders and commercial investors, we have an opportunity to solve food waste. And we have lots of choices. We can do it philanthropically, we can do it commercially, we can do it in our own backyard, or we can do it nationally. The opportunity is ours, and what an exciting time to make it happen," added Jesse Fink, Trustee, The Fink Family Foundation and ReFED Founder.
The current ReFED Insights Engine tools include:
- Food Waste Monitor: Shows how much food is being wasted in the U.S., why it's happening, and where it goes.
- Solutions Database: Provides a comprehensive analysis of 40+ food waste reduction solutions based on impact goals, along with detailed fact sheets on each.
- Solution Provider Directory: Presents a vetted list of 700+ nonprofit and for-profit organizations ready to help implement food waste reduction initiatives.
- Impact Calculator: Quantifies the impact of wasted food on the climate, natural resources, lost meals, and the economy.
- Food Waste Policy Tracker: Tracks current and upcoming food waste-related policies at the federal and local levels.
"Businesses, foundations, and others can turn to the Insights Engine and Roadmap to 2030 to get the data they need to make the right decisions based on the impacts they seek to influence," said Sunny Reelhorn Parr, Executive Director of The Kroger Co. Zero Hunger | Zero Waste Foundation, which provided anchor funding for the Insights Engine. "These are comprehensive resources that can help businesses get solutions to address food waste challenges, find solution providers to partner with, learn about the impact of their efforts, and more."
ReFED's Insights Engine and Roadmap to 2030's analysis drew from over 50 data sets and the input of dozens of experts and practitioners from the food industry, professional trades, solution providers, academia, and more. The Insights Engine was made possible by a collaboration of foundations and organizations committed to supporting initiatives related to climate change, sustainable food systems, food access, and natural resources. In addition to The Kroger Co. Zero Hunger | Zero Waste Foundation, funding was provided by Ajana Foundation, Arjay R. & Frances F. Miller Family Foundation, Atticus Trust, Claneil Foundation, Crown Family Philanthropies, Fink Family Foundation, General Mills Foundation, Harbourton Foundation, Hellman's, The Hindawi Foundation, Kenneth Goldman Donor Fund, Morton Salt, Peter Welles, Pisces Foundation, Posner Foundation of Pittsburgh, Spring Point Partners, Walmart Foundation, Wiancko Charitable Foundation, and Robert W. Wilson Charitable Trust. The Insights Engine was modelled with in-kind contributions from Deloitte and NielsenIQ.
To access the Insights Engine, visit https://insights.refed.com/.
To access the Roadmap to 2030, visit https://www.refed.com/.
ReFED is a national nonprofit working to end food loss and waste across the food system by advancing data-driven solutions to the problem. ReFED leverages data and insights to highlight supply chain inefficiencies and economic opportunities; mobilizes and connects people to take targeted action; and catalyzes capital to spur innovation and scale high-impact initiatives. ReFED's goal is a sustainable, resilient, and inclusive food system that optimizes environmental resources, minimizes climate impacts, and makes the best use of the food we grow. For more information, visit www.refed.com.
Contact: Melody Serafino, [email protected] | <urn:uuid:a34bbb49-5d0b-4700-b844-ca461eecfe25> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-data-from-refed-reveals-amount-of-food-waste-has-leveled-off-after-increasing-11-9-since-2010--301220112.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.932691 | 1,675 | 2.453125 | 2 |
The need for forming slanted gratings for applications such as combiners for AR headsets has seen a recent surge. Ion beam etching technology is one of the best-suited techniques to enable the grating design required for these applications. Ion beam directionality in conjunction with variable incident beam angle via platen angle setting enables profile control and feature shaping during nanopatterning.
Ion beam expertise is critical to deliver the manufacturing tolerance required for these gratings. Oxford Instruments Plasma Technology has developed a technology to allow optical designers to build high quality gratings for masters. Our solution delivers a large uniform processing area over 200 mm wafers for angles from 0° to 55°. In this paper, we share our experience in tuning the process for excellent shape control... | <urn:uuid:755df643-b905-4c9b-9b02-40784a044905> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://plasma.oxinst.com/media-centre/wp/augmented-reality-profile-control-for-slanted-etching | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.885075 | 164 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Explore Upstate New York
From the founding of New York State, the Adirondack mountains have called to those seeking adventure, solitude and the beauty of the mountains. The largest publicly protected area in the contiguous United States, the Adirondack Park is also home to 105 towns and villages. The region is a mix of public and private land that allows both conservation and civilization to thrive.
Founded in 1892 by the State of New York, it was a wild place. With pristine waterways, boreal forests and towering mountains, the Adirondack park consists of 2.6 million acres owned by the state of New York and 3.4 million acres which are privately owned.
The diverse nature of the Adirondacks provides something for everyone. The truly adventurous might want to become a member of the ADK46-R club. Paddling junkies and fishermen can choose from more than 3,000 lakes and ponds. And, fall color viewing is quite literally the best in the world. | <urn:uuid:92a00177-5432-46fa-9237-1e12b72d71f8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://northcreeklodge.com/explore/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.952706 | 207 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Ethnically and socially diverse organizations have come together to encourage Unity in the Community!
These organizations include the Caucus of African American Leaders), the Anne Arundel County Branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Connecting the Dots, Showing Up for Racial Justice Annapolis and Anne Arundel County and Women Indivisible Strong Effective.
Federal, national and local governments have a history of inequitable treatment of marginalized communities, groups and individuals. The inadequate response to the aftermath of Katrina and the massive loss of life and human misery are examples of how marginalized communities suffer disproportionately when there is a crisis.
To ensure that discriminatory practices do not taint the efforts of our government to keep people safe during the coronavirus pandemic, we call for the following immediate actions by the state of Maryland, Anne Arundel County, Anne Arundel County Public Schools and the City of Annapolis:
Create clear and consistent guidance that specifically addresses marginalized and vulnerable communities, including, but not limited to, the homeless, uninsured, the underinsured, individuals who will lose their jobs because of the crisis, the currently unemployed, and families who need childcare due to school closings.
There should be a viable plan for the uninsured to assist people who do not qualify for Medicaid but cannot afford options on the Maryland Healthcare Exchange, even when they are eligible for subsidies.
This plan should address and create childcare for families struggling during the COVID-19 crisis. Clear guidelines for childcare facilities and providers must be drafted and rapidly disseminated.
Provide for immediate and on-going financial support options for those who have emergency expenses beyond their economic capacity. Emergency assistance grants might be an option. There must be additional, varied assistance for those who are unable to work because they have been impacted in some way by COVID-19.
Pass emergency anti-discrimination legislation and implement internal policies and procedures to combat denial of services and opportunities to people with the virus or those perceived as having the virus. Consider a range of penalties to discourage and create consequences for discrimination.
Call upon religious and civic organizations to help community members by providing tangible support such as food and where possible, economic resources in addition to appropriate spiritual and psychological support.
Keep the Census and local elections on track by developing the capacity to shift to absentee ballots or other technology-based options and devise creative ways to address the needs of conducting the Census. Keeping the census on track is crucial to ensure that marginalized communities get their fair share of economic and political resources.
There is no question that the need for permanent action to combat the ills of inequity, discrimination, bias and improper treatment continues to exist and is highlighted by this situation and many others.
We once again call upon our government entities to Immediately:
Pass resolutions at every level, including the public-school system, to strongly denounce racism, bigotry and hatred in all forms.
Make a systemic change by joining the Government Alliance on Race and Equity to become part of a national network of state and local governments working to achieve racial equity, inclusion and advance opportunities for all.
Create offices of equity, inclusion and civil rights to prioritize equity in governance to ensure fairness. The office must be led by a cabinet-level equity officer and a staff of equity community coordinators with at least half of these individuals selected for their involvement with local marginalized communities.
Jacqueline is the president of the Anne Arundel County NAACP Chapter. Lynda Davis is a representative of SURJ 3A. | <urn:uuid:c4aff534-42d3-40fd-b55b-abe9720447e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.capitalgazette.com/opinion/columns/ac-ce-column-naacp-surj-20200324-n2qj2ca7gvbo3fszujmkwd3vcq-story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.941714 | 718 | 2.671875 | 3 |
- Global git Configuration
- Creating a git repository
- Uploading a package to the repository
- Accessing a repository
- Committing changes
- Using pristine-tar
- Generating patches
- Reverting changes while building
- Reverting commits and files scheduled for commit
- Adding a new upstream release
- Possible problems
This section describes how to create a git repository for a package as well as convert from the svn layout.
Global git Configuration
First, you'll need to setup your global git configiration file (~/.gitconfig) with your name and email address. This is so commit messages show up with your name and email address automatically.
$ git config --global user.name "<your name>" $ git config --global user.email "<your email address>"
Creating a git repository
These steps involve creating a brand new git repository for your package. If you are converting from svn, please see the "Converting from svn repository" page.
Here's a simple way to create a git repository using the supplied setup-repository script in the /git/pkg-games directory on the alioth servers.
$ ssh <username>@git.debian.org $ cd /git/pkg-games $ ./setup-repository <package> '<package description>'
The script will handle everything for you so for automatic setup nothing else is needed.
If you want to manually create the repository, the rest of this section describes how to do so.
$ ssh <username>@git.debian.org $ cd /git/pkg-games $ mkdir <package>.git $ cd <package>.git $ git --bare init --shared
Now edit the 'description' file in the directory you just created to one that is appropriate for the package.
$ echo "Packaging for <package>" >description
Let's also enable the use of 'hooks/post-update'.
$ mv hooks/post-update.sample hooks/post-update
The following will enable the games team to receive commit mails and irc notifications about commits. Please do the following.
$ git config --add hooks.mailinglist "email@example.com" $ git config --add hooks.cia-project debian-pkg-games $ cat >hooks/post-receive <<END #!/bin/sh exec /home/groups/pkg-games/bin/post-receive END $ chmod a+x hooks/post-receive
Please see the documentation about mr below, and add the new repository to list of games team repositories in the .mrconfig file. /
Uploading a package to the repository
Now let's import the package into a git repository. This is easy using 'gbp import-dsc' from the 'git-buildpackage' package. This is done from your local machine of course.
$ gbp import-dsc --pristine-tar <package>.dsc
(The --pristine-tar option is optional; if you have pristine-tar installed this will store enough information in the git repository to reproduce the pristine upstream tarball later.)
A directory with the name of the source package should have been made. Change into that directory.
$ cd <package>
Ensure the tags that are created reflect if a package has been released. git buildpackage creates tags for the debian branch and the upstream branch. If the tag created for the debian branch reflects an unreleased version, you'll have to delete that "debian" tag.
$ git tag -l | sort -V $ git tag -d 'debian/<unreleased version>'
Push the repository up to the repository on alioth:
$ git remote add alioth git+ssh://<username>@git.debian.org/git/pkg-games/<package>.git $ git push alioth master $ git push alioth upstream $ git push alioth pristine-tar $ git push alioth --tags
(Again the pristine-tar step is optional.)
And, finally, add a new section for the new repo in the .mrconfig file from from our SVN trunk and commit it. Note that the .mrconfig file now lives outside of the trunk in the very root of the pkg-games SVN. You might also want to do this update by hand in order to keep the stanzas in .mrconfig in alphabetical order.
$ (echo "[<package>]" ; \ echo "checkout = git clone git://git.debian.org/git/pkg-games/<package>.git"; \ echo) >> /path/to/SVN/checkout/mrconfig/.mrconfig $ svn ci -m "Add <package>'s git repo to the .mrconfig file" /path/to/SVN/checkout/mrconfig/.mrconfig
Accessing a repository
To get a repository, do the following.
$ git clone git+ssh://<username>@git.debian.org/git/pkg-games/<package>.git
You can also enjoy read-only access by using the following.
$ git clone git://git.debian.org/git/pkg-games/<package>.git $ git clone http://git.debian.org/git/pkg-games/<package>.git
It is generally a good idea to track certain branches that have been pushed (namely 'upstream' and 'pristine-tar'). To track them, do the following.
$ git checkout -b upstream origin/upstream $ git checkout -b pristine-tar origin/pristine-tar #Do this if a pristine-tar branch was pushed
If you want to track more, see what branches are available.
$ git branch -r
You might see branches labelled 'tags/<some_version>'. These are really the "remotes" objects of the tags that were imported into the git repository when it was converted from svn. Although you can track these as well, it's better if you do a git checkout of the specific tags instead as follows.
$ git checkout remotes/tags/<some_tag>
See the page Converting from svn repository for more details.
To view a summary of the repository on your favorite web browser, go to the following address.
You can use the 'git-buildpackage' command:
Sometimes the upstream build system will remove files from the source archive. You can ignore this:
$ git-buildpackage --git-ignore-new
If you use ccache, you'll note that 'git-buildpackage' calls 'debuild' which itself resets the CC, CXX and PATH environment variables. Normally you use the --preserve-envvar=PATH or --prepend-path=/usr/local/bin options, but debuild ignores them unless they are specified first and 'git-buildpackage' doesn't pass them first (TODO: bugreport this). You can work-around this by calling debuild directly:
debuild --prepend-path=/usr/local/bin -i'\.git' -I.git
Alternatively check the --git-builder option.
To commit a change, first commit into your local repository.
$ git commit -m "<some comment>"
You could also do a commit of all files that were changed using the '-a' option.
$ git commit -a -m "<some comment>"
Push your changes.
$ git push #If you cloned the repository $ git push alioth #If you created the repository using the above example
To keep updated simply do the following
$ git pull #If you cloned the repository $ git pull alioth #If you created the repository using the above exmple
To tag a release, you could build it using 'git-buildpackage' with the '--git-tag' option.
$ git buildpackage --git-tag --git-pristine-tar
You can also tag a release without rebuilding by supplying a different build command using the --git-builder option. In this case, we'll just perform a cleanup.
$ git buildpackage --git-tag --git-pristine-tar --git-builder='fakeroot debian/rules clean'
(As usual, the --git-pristine-tar bit is optional, but it will allow git-buildpackage to extract the pristine .orig.tar.gz.)
You could also manually tag the package. Ensure that you are in the correct branch (should be 'master').
$ git checkout master $ git tag debian/<revision> -m "Debian release <revision>" #Please use this format
To tag an earlier revision, you'll need to find out it's commit object.
$ git rev-list --pretty --since="1 month" --all #'1 month' is just an example of course
Make note of the commit object and switch to that commit using git checkout. Then tag it and switch back to master.
$ git checkout <commit object> $ git buildpackage --git-tag --git-pristine-tar --git-builder='fakeroot debian/rules clean' --git-ignore-new $ git checkout master
Finally, push the tags
$ git push --tags
You can manually use the pristine-tar command to create a pristine-tar branch for generating the orig tarball later. This is useful in case you ommitted using the --git-pristine-tar option when running the git buildpackage tools.
To create a pristine-tar branch, simply do the following.
pristine-tar commit <path_to_orig_tarball> upstream/<package_version>
This assumes you already imported the orig tarball to the git repository. upstream/<package_version> is the tag that was created when the orig tarball was imported using git import-orig. Make sure to specify the tag object.
Then push the new 'pristine-tar' branch.
git push origin pristine-tar #If you cloned the repository git push alioth pristine-tar #If you created the repository
Here's one way to work with a package to generate patches.
First, create a local branch dedicated for fixes from the master branch and switch to that branch.
$ git checkout master $ git checkout -b my-fixes
Next, do whatever changes that need to be done and commit them to your "my-fixes" branches. Once you're done with whatever fixes go back to the master branch and generate your patches using git diff.
$ git diff master my-fixes >debian/patches/<some_patch>.patch
Alternatively, you can specify which files to create patches for.
$ git diff master my-fixes -- <path ...> >debian/patches/<some_patch.patch>
If you're using quilt, the entry in the series file should look something like this.
If you're making major changes to a package, you might want to consider using git format-patch to generate patches. Basically, instead of using git diff to generate the patches, use git format-patch.
$ git format-patch -o debian/patches master my-fixes
Reverting changes while building
There are cases when files have been changed when a package has been built and performing a "clean" operation does not revert all changes back. Here's a command that can be done to revert changes made in such cases. Of course, make sure you are in the master branch or whatever branch you use to commit changes before running this command.
$ git checkout .
It is also possible to revert an individual file by specifying a path argument to git checkout
$ git checkout path/to/file/to/revert
In this case no branch switching occurs and the specified file is reverted to its committed state. Say you have made a commit to your local repository but made a mistake with the commit message, or your email was not set correctly, or you just wish you had not done that commit, git reset is again your friend and you can roll back to be in sync with the last git pull with :-
Reverting commits and files scheduled for commit
If you are working on a package mistakes may be made. If you have files scheduled for commit that were added with git add or git rm and you do not want to commit these files anymore (or want to split the commit in to smaller commits etc), this action can be reverted with :-
$ git reset HEAD <file>
This just removes the specified file from the staging list to be committed on the next commit. If you do not specify a file all files added with git add or git rm will be unstaged.
If you have just committed some changes to your local git tree but want to undo the commit (but not loose changes to your files):-
$ git reset --soft HEAD^
Will remove your commit, leave your files unchanged and back in the state added/removed but not committed.
If you wish to roll back your commit and changes then do :-
$ git reset --hard HEAD~1
This rolls back the head pointer by 1 commit hence the ~1 and permanently looses the changes, DO NOT do this if you have done a git push or the repository will be out of sync and breakage may occur.
Adding a new upstream release
If you are working with an upstream and/or pristine-tar branch then if upstream makes a new release you will want to import. Firstly ensure your tree is clean and all committed and pushed/pulled. Ensure you are on the master branch and that you have the upstream (and if required) the pristine-tar branches created (if not create them with git branch).
$ git checkout master
Next import the upstream tarball, if you are using pristine-tar then specify that option, and if you need to specify the version use the -u option.
$ gbp import-orig [--pristine-tar] [-u version] /path/to/upstream-version.tar.gz
This will do the following actions :-
- Upload the contents of the upstream tarball to the upstream branch.
- (If you are using pristine-tar), uploads the delta between upstream and master to a gziped tarball on the pristine-tar branch.
- Tags the upstream branch upstream/version
- Merges the upstream branch into the master branch
Afterwards you will need to manually bump the Debian version using 'dch' or 'git-dch'.
git import-orig dch error
When using git import-orig, there is a chance you'll receive an error similar to this one.
dch: fatal error at line 963: New version specified (1.4.8.dfsg1-1) is less than the current version number (1.4.8.dfsg1-1)! Use -b to force. dch returned 25 Dch failed. Import of ../../build-area/ogre_1.4.8.dfsg1.orig.tar.gz failed
This will happen if you omit the --no-dch option while running git import-orig and the version in the changelog is at the version of the orig tarball that's being imported.
git import-orig pristine-tar error
It's possible you may receive an error such as this.
pristine-tar: more than one ref matches "upstream": 5f4736c83ea06e9b479a35f25d997b73713306b9 refs/heads/upstream a8c20d823bc28bb8f6d127e301390bed06e49169 refs/remotes/origin/upstream /usr/bin/pristine-tar returned 255 Couldn't run '/usr/bin/pristine-tar'
This is caused by git import-orig (or any of the git-buildpackage tools) supplying the parameter "upstream" to use when running pristine-tar commit instead of using the default refs/heads/upstream or supplying a tag object instead and you cloned a git repository. You will have to omit the --pristine-tar option from the git-buildpackage tools and use pristine-tar manually. See 481806. | <urn:uuid:b1ab7b4e-f988-49eb-91fd-458e86c00221> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wiki.debian.org/Games/VCS/git?highlight=%28%5CbCategoryGit%5Cb%29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.752926 | 3,530 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Background: A child’s cancer affects their entire family and is a source of chronic stress for a sick child, as well as for their parents and siblings. It deprives them of the feeling of security; introduces uncertainty, fear and anxiety; and destabilises their life. It mobilises the family since they have to reconcile the treatment and frequent appointments at the hospital with the hardships of everyday life. The emotional burden they have to deal with is enormous. Recognition of the needs of such a family allows for the implementation of support, psychosocial care and psychoeducation, as well as the provision of reliable information. Patients and Methods: A population survey was conducted between 2015 and 2020. Caregivers of children diagnosed with cancer were invited to participate in the study to assess their problems and needs. Results: All respondents in their legal status were parents of children with cancer. The study included 800 people, where women accounted for 85% and men accounted for 15%. The mean age of the mother was 38.09, SD = 7.25, and the mean age of the father was 41.11, SD = 7.03. The occurrence of problems negatively correlated with both the age of the parents (p < 0.0001) and the level of education (p < 0.0001). Parents who admitted having financial problems more often reported problems of a different kind; moreover, financial problems were more often reported by parents of children who were ill for a longer time (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Parents of children suffering from cancer reported numerous psychological, social and somatic problems. The identification of problems through screening should translate into specific interventions, thus creating support for the families of children with cancer. Promoting coping with difficult emotions and the ability to solve problems when a child is ill has a positive effect on the functioning of the family. | <urn:uuid:4b61f4d9-d6fe-405d-9215-86c6c5602443> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wels.open.ac.uk/research-project/caren/node/7529 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.980028 | 372 | 2.984375 | 3 |
As part of ADA North East’s National Dairy Month retail campaign, Safeway, one of the four major retail chains that encouraged consumers to donate at checkout to Fill a Glass with Hope®, helped raise $285,000 for nearly 65,000 gallons of milk through 112 stores – which translates to more than one million servings!
Fill a Glass with Hope was established in 2015, as a partnership between dairy farmers through ADA North East, Pennsylvania Dairymen’s Association and Feeding Pennsylvania to make the campaign a reality. Since then, more than 27 million servings of milk have been distributed.
“Milk is one of the most requested items at food banks, but one of the least donated because of its perishability,” said ADA North East CEO John Chrisman. “Dairy farmers recognized this need in their local communities and helped initiate the charitable campaign to help their neighbors.”
ShopRite raised $64,000 during June. Stay tuned as more results from Price Chopper and Weis Markets become available. | <urn:uuid:90796c20-6cfd-4f47-adb2-f9665aee0fbb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.americandairy.com/news/safeway-raises-285000-during-national-dairy-month-to-help-get-milk-to-families-in-need/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.971943 | 212 | 1.585938 | 2 |
As America’s maritime unions stand united to protect our members
aboard ships, on the docks and in the yards while keeping commerce
moving during this coronavirus pandemic, Jones Act opponents thought
they could sneak yet another attempt to disrupt the 100-year-old law
The American Maritime Partnership (AMP), to which several MTD
affiliates belong, exposed a letter sent to Capitol Hill leaders from
the American Exploration and Production Council seeking legislative
action to waive the Jones Act to move petroleum products between U.S.
ports. The council claimed in a story printed March 20 in the Maritime
Executive that the waiver would help the current economic situation
within the oil industry.
Writing for the hundreds of AMP associates — who come from domestic
maritime unions, shipping companies, shipyards and suppliers —
Chairman Michael Roberts stated, “This is an opportunistic effort by
those who want to use foreign ships to advance their own economic
interests at the expense of American workers who are doing everything
in their power to keep the economy moving.”
Roberts noted that U.S.-flag carriers have enough available capacity
to move cargo within the country, so no waiver is needed.
“At a time of American crisis and uncertainty, a waiver to the Jones
Act would only open our borders and markets to foreign shipping
companies with foreign crews that pose an added threat to the safety
and security of our nation’s health,” Roberts added. “A waiver would
allow foreign vessels and foreign crews to enter purely domestic
commerce, a bad idea in any circumstance but certainly more so during
the current coronavirus crisis.”
The Jones Act is the nation’s freight cabotage law. It states cargo
moved from one domestic port to another must be carried aboard a
U.S.-crewed, U.S.-built, U.S.-flagged and U.S.-owned vessels. More
than 90 nations have some sort of cabotage law to deal with cargo
movements within their borders and territorial waters.
The MTD continues to fight to protect the Jones Act. | <urn:uuid:337f869f-d6b4-4ed6-af4e-cf5a0e37eec7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://maritimetrades.org/us-maritime-united-in-face-of-another-jones-act-attack/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.946378 | 456 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Indigenous critics are interrogating the violences of modernity as conditions for understanding or debating gender, alongside critical works in trans studies and in queer-of-color, queer diaspora, and women-of-color feminist theories. This essay asks how two-spirit, queer indigenous, and indigenous feminist critiques call scholars in gender studies to ensure that discussions of gender respond to indigenous decolonization and its relationships with antiracist and anticolonial projects. In particular, two-spirit, queer indigenous, and indigenous feminist theories present resurgence as a means to challenge and transform colonial authority. The centering of indigenous epistemologies within resurgence work questions who defines language or the knowable within colonial situations. This essay asks how responding to indigenous resurgence can help to challenge and transform the racial and colonial violences that condition conversations about gender, including those addressing trans and feminist relationships. | <urn:uuid:c31f64f1-aa3f-4b07-8804-f135a865f494> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://read.dukeupress.edu/tsq/article-abstract/3/1-2/192/91731/Conditions-of-CritiqueResponding-to-Indigenous?redirectedFrom=fulltext | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.909028 | 178 | 1.820313 | 2 |
In Australia from 2001 to 2006, Indigenous people had a higher rate of injury and death from road accidents than non-Indigenous people. Not a lot of research has been done in the area of Indigenous road safety until quite recently. Just how many Indigenous people are affected by road injuries has been hard to determine, for two main reasons:
- road crashes involving Indigenous people are not always reported
- information on a person’s Indigenous status is not always collected
Usually, unless a person is identified as being Indigenous, they are automatically classified as non-Indigenous. This means that Indigenous people are not always properly identified, which leads to a lower number of Indigenous people counted in road crashes than actually are involved. It is possible that identification of Indigenous status may be better in remote areas than in urban areas. | <urn:uuid:bfe81b9a-9c54-468c-a08f-2208a8153906> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nrspp.org.au/resources/summary-of-road-safety-among-indigenous-peoples/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.973927 | 163 | 3.59375 | 4 |
Stem Cell Therapy
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that capable of self-replicating and dividing many times. Under certain conditions, cells can differentiate into cells with specific functions such as myocardial stem cells, pancreatic stem cells, skin stem cells, vascular stem cells, blood stem cells, nerve stem cells, cartilage stem cells. This treatment has the potential to address a number of serious illnesses and damage; which can be acquired throughout life .
Mechanism of Therapy
SC therapy is extracted from the selected patient's cell samples for activation and cultured in the cell culture room until its best growth and state. Then, the healthy stem cells are introduced into the veins and circulating in the body, which will capture the SDF-1 signals (inflammation-damaged organ; weakened). At the damaged site, stem cells will act on their own to replace, repair the damaged area, and then immediately go to another location .
Stem Cell Therapy at the Center
- Direct consultation with MDs at the center by collecting techniques within 1 day, separating and storing (keeping) SCs within 2 weeks [2-7].
- SCs are tested, screened and contracted to participate in the service
- Customers will pay $300 when joining the program "STEMCELL (SC)"
- Blood, body tissue will be assessed as pass or fail; then stored in liquid nitrogen -196°C in the stages of infancy/child, pregnancy, adolescent, adult, elderly.
- The bank is located in a safe place and was protected 24/24 hours by the perimeter security guard and the inner self-protective devices.
- When the customers need to use it, it will be thawed and put into treatment
An association of acute poisoning, transplant rejection, complications, infection, death or malignant cell appearance is not found, according to a randomized trial meta-analysis. There is an association between MSC
(SC in adults) and transient fever .
Anesthesia, anesthesia; rejuvenate the body, diabetes and complications, Bone pain, joint pain, accidental injury, surgery; Heart disease, high blood pressure; Neuropathy, Parkinson's, stroke; Allergy, immune system strengthening, autoimmune disease; improve liver and kidney function; Cancer treatment, male enhancement; Rejuvenate the ovaries, strengthen male vitality; Increase health and longevity; Treatment of tumors; Treatment of covid19, Sarcovy2 and tropical diseases.
Currently, scientists in Asia Pacific (Australia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand have developed networks to promote stem cell research for the region). The Asia-Pacific (SNAP) is the mission of education and training, but in Vietnam, there is limited training in stem cells [3,8].
- Issaragrisil S (2007) Stem Cell and Stem Cell Therapy in Thailand. ScienceAsia 33: 91-93. | <urn:uuid:5f8c7851-9ef1-4c45-8e0e-bf93fef581f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gavinpublishers.com/article/view/stem-cell | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.893536 | 860 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Did you know the Waring School in Beverly will be the
first independent school in Massachusetts to
certify a Passive House building?
View the Buildings & Development fact sheet.
The Cities of Beverly and Salem have both committed to 100% renewable energy by 2050.
View the Energy fact sheet.
Approximately 23% of
Beverly’s surface area and 63% of Salem’s surface area is
impervious, which includes roads, parking lots, sidewalks and
other paved areas.
View the Infrastructure fact sheet.
Private vehicle emissions are 96% of
total transportation emissions in Beverly
and 97% in Salem.
View the Mobility fact sheet.
Both Beverly and Salem have about 17% of their City area as public open space in their communities.
View the Natural Resources fact sheet.
Seniors are more vulnerable to climate threats like extreme heat, especially if they live alone. In Beverly, 33% seniors live alone, and in Salem, 38%.
View the Public Health & Safety fact sheet.
On average, each Beverly and Salem resident disposes 1200 pounds of waste each year!
View the Solid Waste fact sheet. | <urn:uuid:68c6df52-36fe-4ac3-9e8a-99a24f65497e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://resilient-together.org/call-to-action | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.907638 | 240 | 1.757813 | 2 |
ECPD Logical Clinical Problem Solving Online 2022
Royal Veterinary College
Date: Monday 24th January, 2022 - Sunday 6th March, 2022
Start time: 9:00 AM - 9:00 AM
Duration: 6 hour(s)
Key Areas Introduction to logical clinical problem solvingProblem based approach to vomiting, diarrhoea, weight loss, polyuria/polydipsia and anaemiaInterpretation of clinical pathology related to liver and pancreatic diseaseInterpretation of clinical pathology related to renal functionInterpretation of the haemogramAbout this course Do you find medical cases frustrating rather than fun? Does the thought of seeing a patient with chronic diarrhoea make your heart sink? Would you like to increase your confidence so that you can assess and manage medical cases competently? Would you like to enjoy practice more and get a buzz of excitement rather than a frisson of fear from medical cases?Why do this course?This course is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills required to apply logical problem solving skills to some of the important clinical signs seen in small animal practice.
Who is it for?
Tutors Jill Maddison, BVSc DipVetClinStud PhD FACVSc SFHEA MRCVS Professor of General Practice The Royal Veterinary College Lucy McMahon, BVetMed PhD DipACVIM DipECVIM-CA MRCVS RCVS Registered Specialist Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Winchester
Number of CPD hours this event can be recorded as
Registration and Booking
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- Lets get physical practical physiotherapy and rehabilitation online for nurses 2022
- Webinar Plus: Euthanasia and bereavement - understanding and supporting your clients, your colleagues and yourself 2022 | <urn:uuid:1389bcc7-b59a-4f4f-a81e-6a2f334b717a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vetclick.com/calendar/distance-learning/ecpd-logical-clinical-problem-solving-online-2022-p3808.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.857961 | 422 | 1.734375 | 2 |
A truly frightening psychological thriller on par with Jim Thompson, Vin Packer’s The Twisted Ones (1959) is written with cold desolation and unflinching violence. Structured as a triptych narrative about a sixteen-year-old rapist, a nineteen-year-old murderer, and an eight-year-old arsonist, it is a stark portrait of how three seemingly ordinary young people are driven to murder for reasons beyond even their own understanding. Though their crimes are monstrous, Packer doesn’t treat her characters as monsters, and she gets into their heads with chilling sympathy.
It is, on the whole, a complex and prismatic look at the social, sexual, psychological, and emotional conditions that can contribute to a crime. Some of the situations are ordinary—such as an aloof high-schooler still getting used to his father’s new, and much younger, wife, or an aging momma’s boy struggling for his own independence—while others are more extraordinary—such as an eight-year-old wunderkind with photographic memory winning thousands of dollars on a national game show. But what each of these stories share in common is a deep-seated fear of being different, an unshakeable sense of isolation and anxiety, and an inevitable sense of doom. The family situations, the loneliness, and the alienation felt by the characters seems so ordinary that to witness everything snowball into murder is profoundly disturbing. Packer manages to make her criminals as terrifying as they are identifiable.
Packer is mostly known for her daring and controversial subject matter, but she was also a highly skilled writer who deserves more praise for her formal experimentation. 5:45 to Suburbia unfolds on a series of March 6th birthdays that jumped back and forth between the 1920s and 1950s, while Whisper His Sin, The Girl on the Best Seller List, and The Evil Friendship preface each chapter with excerpts from fictionalized books, interviews, and newspaper accounts. The Twisted Ones is written in seven parts, each broken down into three individual narratives (one for each of the characters) that could almost stand alone as separate short stories, even though by the end characters in one story learn about characters in the others through the newspaper and television. The clean division of the chapters both mirrors the isolation felt by the characters, but it also speaks to the synchronicity of their traumas, as well as their shared social and personal problems. Though they feel alone, their issues aren’t only their own—they are problems that need to be faced by society as a whole, which is a recurring message throughout Packer’s novels.
The big question in The Twisted Ones is—how, as a society, do we even begin to make sense of these seemingly senseless crimes? It is one thing to commit murder to get someone’s money or property, or out of revenge—but what about when even the criminals don’t understand what they did? And how do we come to terms with the fact that they are so young? Youth violence continues to be a much talked-about topic in today’s news: a few years ago it was school shootings, and now it is bullying and suicide. Packer’s novel continues to be relevant some half a century later because she faces the complicated issues of youth violence head-on, examining it from multiple perspectives, and avoiding any reductive conclusions. It’s interesting to compare The Twisted Ones to portraits of youth violence in movies at the time, such as Rebel Without a Cause. As great as Nicholas Ray’s film was, Packer’s novel is far more disturbing, and it lacks the self-destructive glamour of James Dean, Natalie Wood and Sal Mineo. There’s nothing romantic or alluring about the crimes in The Twisted Ones. The book still packs a bleak and unsettling punch, and like a lot of Packer’s novels, this one still has a lot to say to modern readers.
Cover art by Robert Abbett | <urn:uuid:4a4e8980-bdd7-4fb1-a182-149045673925> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.pulp-serenade.com/2011/12/twisted-ones-by-vin-packer-gold-medal.html?showComment=1324223161639 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.968634 | 835 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Adobe Photoshop is an admissible photo editing tool that is widely utilized for patchwork and other editing purposes. In fact, you will find this tool assisting you in creating digital images, and drawings to put your message across in front of your target audience. In recent years, Adobe Photoshop Training in Delhi has gradually grabbed the attention of the editing and designing world. It’s so because it has a lot of abilities to make design look good and attractive. It is one of the genuine frameworks that has been in demand since its invention.
Let’s now proceed further, and have a look at the importance of learning Adobe Photoshop.
Importance Of Learning Adobe Photoshop
This specific tool genuinely has various advantages. If you are interest lies in the editing section, then this is one of the suitable fields for you. Enrolling in this course will help you to get a full detailed knowledge of this course by highly-qualified experts.
- You will find this editing framework educating you about the exceptional features concerning photo and video editing
- In fact, it will also save you time and unnecessary costs.
- Furthermore, this specific editing tool will also help you with some unique editing features like no other tool.
- Additionally, by making the best use of this tool, you will be able to easily transfer your work from one software to another.
How To Learn Adobe Easily?
Adobe is not a very difficult tool to learn. In fact, it’s rather interesting. Its numerous editing features make it different and standalone amongst several contemporaries. To be precise, there is no shortcut to learning this tool. But yes, a few steps can assist you in learning this tool easily.
- First, you should accumulate some gist or rough knowledge concerning this tool.
- Secondly, you should watch tutorials related to it.
- Approach an institution, if you genuinely want to get into its details and have plans to make a career out of it.
- Keep practicing and imbibing advanced and updated skills.
The listed information visibly explains to you the importance of this tool. There’s no doubt that Adobe has been doing exceedingly well, and is being appreciated by many. If you also aspire to establish your career in this field, then you should surely approach a legitimate Adobe Photoshop Training Institute in Noida. Getting in touch with an institution will help you know this technology right from the scratch. | <urn:uuid:067ab31c-7458-4449-a8c8-dac992ad0474> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.justgetblogging.com/steps-to-learn-photoshop/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.94541 | 494 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Brick by Brick - Rugby Art Gallery & Museum
Brick by Brick
27 November - 22 January 2022This exhibition gathers the work of 18 professional artists, designers and photographers from around the world who use LEGO® bricks as their medium or inspiration. Using this simple plastic construction block as their starting point, they have created stunning, thought provoking and often humorous artworks which we hope will appeal to art enthusiasts and LEGO® fans alike.
Several of the artworks on show here have been created especially for this exhibition: James Paterson has produced 16 canvases which each document a ‘LEGO® first’ - including the first LEGO® baby and the first pirate ever made by the LEGO Group.
Thursday 9 December and 13 January 5-8pm
Bricks, Beer & Vino
Relax, socialise and enoy a quiet drink with friends during one of our exclusive adult only evening viewings of the exhibition. Admission FREE. Small selection of drinks to purchase.
FREE Animation workshops for local schools
Your school can visit the gallery to see the exhibition and take part in a FREE brick animation workshop. Spaces are limited! Available Monday - Friday from 6th December - 21st January.
Funded by West Midlands Museum Development with Art Fund support.
Inspired by the artworks on show, you can get hands on with activities including a LEGO® graffiti wall, build tables and a selection of LEGO® related games and competitions.
Renowned textile artist Michael Brennand-Wood has used a wide variety of brick shapes and sizes to create four abstract montages which have a mesmerising appeal to them.
Toronto based artist Ekow Nimako, began using LEGO® bricks in his professional practice in 2014 and has since cultivated a unique approach to sculpting this iconic medium. Comprised of black bricks only, Nimako is exhibiting five captivating artworks, which reference mythology, West African proverbs and afrofuturism.
‘Eat My Bricks’ is a collaboration between German artists Michael Feindura and Soeren Grochau who use LEGO® mini-figures to create large scale, humorous photographs, often with social and political commentary at their heart.
LEGO® is a trademark of the LEGO Group of companies which does not sponsor, authorise, endorse or otherwise support this exhibition or related events.
The LEGO Group does not accept responsibility for any unforeseen outcomes linked to this exhibition or related events.
Brick by Brick is a 20-21 Visual Arts Centre Touring Exhibition | <urn:uuid:a87e631e-cf88-464a-8f46-876a963c25b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ragm.co.uk/brick-by-brick | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.954561 | 525 | 1.773438 | 2 |
According to statistics, 15-20 percent of Americans deal with a specific phobia—an extreme fear. Roughly 75 percent of us are afraid to speak in public, which thankfully does not come up all that often for many. But while you may not have to get up and speak to a crowd of thousands tomorrow, right now you may be experiencing fear of another kind.
Is the answer more therapy? Silently struggling with your fears while you feel the rest of the world goes on unaware?
I don't think so. I believe the answer is courage. So what is courage?
There are different types of courage, ranging from physical strength and endurance to mental stamina and innovation. Courage can be defined in many ways, but to me it's taking risks without knowing the outcome and doing things even when you're afraid.
Courage is something most of us want. It's an attribute that encourages us to venture outside our comfort zone and embrace the possibilities. It gives us the ability to be brave, to conquer fear and despair so we can take on necessary challenges and make necessary changes.
I recently saw this message on a church marquee: "What you tolerate, children emulate." When I was growing up, it was the boys who were taught to be strong, fearless and courageous—not the girls. This was especially true in my house. If you're afraid today, it's time to look back at what was tolerated in your home growing up. What was demonstrated to you?
That fears you experience can stop today, with you. Intentionally looking for courage and utilizing tools to make better choices is, in itself, a courageous act. It's an act I wish I had taken long before I reached the place where my lack of courage threatened virtually everything I held dear to my heart.
Kudos to you for reaching this place in your life now! In my book, Courage for Life, I take a detailed look at the journey of letting go of fear and instead choosing to be courageous. If you're tired of your fears and don't want to pass them on to your own children, it's time to take a stand for courage. Let's do it together!
Ann White is the founder of Courage for Life Ministries, which is particularly focused on teaching the Bible to at-risk women. Find out more at: annwhite.com.
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Dr. Mark Rutland's
National Institute of Christian Leadership (NICL)
The NICL is one of the top leadership training programs in the U.S. taught by Dr. Mark Rutland. If you're the type of leader that likes to have total control over every aspect of your ministry and your future success, the NICL is right for you!
FREE NICL MINI-COURSE - Enroll for 3-hours of training from Dr. Rutland's full leadership course. Experience the NICL and decide if this training is right for you and your team.Do you feel stuck? Do you feel like you’re not growing? Do you need help from an expert in leadership? There is no other leadership training like the NICL. Gain the leadership skills and confidence you need to lead your church, business or ministry. Get ready to accomplish all of your God-given dreams. CLICK HERE for NICL training dates and details.
The NICL Online is an option for any leader with time or schedule constraints. It's also for leaders who want to expedite their training to receive advanced standing for Master Level credit hours. Work through Dr. Rutland's full training from the comfort of your home or ministry at your pace. Learn more about NICL Online. Learn more about NICL Online. | <urn:uuid:09dd9253-188d-4393-8ee5-0ab11d6b5458> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ministrytodaymag.com/personal-growth/24598-god-s-answer-to-the-fears-that-perpetually-hold-you-back | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.963256 | 772 | 1.804688 | 2 |
In 2017, GEO designed a state of the art regional treatment system to treat runoff from 128 hectares (316 acres, or 1/2 sq. mile) of intensely developed urban sources contaminated with stormwater illicit connections. This system owned by the local water utility, will treat runoff prior to it entering the
Mengjiawan Reservoir, ZhenJiang, China. The system comprised of two Advanced Bioretention Systems (ABSs) with a combined treatment area of 3,600 sq. meters (0.9 acres). A high rate engineered media allowed for a compressed treatment footprint resulting in 0.3% of the source area.
Integrated into the reservoir’s landscape plan, this complex treatment facility now treats this entire area prior to discharge into the Mengjiawan Reservoir, the headwaters of the Yudai River. Completed in mid-2018, the system has now been operating for half a year with excellent results. | <urn:uuid:b88b2ff1-b534-4e9e-a7a9-905cba063dd7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.greenearthops.com/regional-water-treatment-in-china/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.915765 | 195 | 2.109375 | 2 |
September 22, 2020 Press Release: Death Valley National Park,
DEATH VALLEY, CA – Over the summer of 2020, numerous heat records were broken, as the park experienced what may be some the hottest days ever recorded on Earth.
This meteorological summer (June-August) had an average (day and night combined) temperature of 102.7. This makes 2020 the 4th hottest summer on record, following 2018 (1st), 2017 (2nd), and 2016 (3rd) and marking a continued record of a changing climate.
2020 heat highlights to date:
- 35 days over 120 degrees (normal is 18.4)
- 8 days over 125 degrees (normal is 2.9)
- 6 nights over 100 degrees (normal is 0.5)
- May, August, and September all saw the hottest day or night ever recorded for that month.
- 130 degrees on 8/16 was the hottest temperature recorded in the park since 1913, and possibly the hottest temperature in the world since 1931. A final verification process will be overseen by a climate extremes committee.
- August’s average daily and nightly temperatures rank it as the second hottest August on record; however, August’s daily high temperatures averaged to be 118.8, which sets a record as the hottest average high temperature for the month.
- August 17th had a high of 127 and low of 104 low degrees, for an average of 115.5, which is tied for the hottest average daily temperature ever recorded.
- Heat records were set for both daily high, and highest daily low temperatures across many of the hottest months of the year: 6 in May, 1 in June, 1 in July, 12 in August, and 3 to date in September.
Living in such an extreme environment requires certain precautions and adjustments for park staff and the local communities:
- The park has a strict heat-safety work policy, requiring cool-down and hydration periods after working in extreme heat conditions.
- As the coolest hours of the day are usually 4 a.m. to 6 a.m., local residents usually get up pre-dawn to walk their dogs and get exercise.
- Ground temperatures add heat to water pipes, resulting in extremely hot water coming from the tap. To adjust for this, residents turn off their hot water heaters and use them as a reservoir to cool water down to room temperature, so tepid water comes from turning on the hot water faucet, and hot water comes from the cold faucet settings.
- There are stretches of roadways where signs are posted recommending that air conditioning be shut off to avoid car engines overheating. As vehicles leave the extreme heat of the lower valleys and climb over mountain passes, overheated engines are a real risk. This summer saw two vehicle fires as a result of overheated engines, and numerous vehicle breakdowns. Turning off air conditioning might be uncomfortable but reduces the exertion of the engine.
“Death Valley National Park is known for its extreme temperatures, and this year certainly didn’t disappoint when it comes to heat!” said Superintendent Mike Reynolds. “It is exciting to live and work in a place that is literally the hottest place on Earth. I’m proud to work with a resilient team of employees who have chosen to embrace the heat and carry out the mission of the National Park Service here.”
Heat tourism brings visitors to the park to experience these extreme conditions. With this there were multiple search and rescues, and tragically also visitor fatalities where heat was a likely factor. Limiting time outside of air conditioning to just a few minutes at a time can help lead to a safer summer visit.
As we move into the fall season and other areas of the nation start cooling down, we would like to remind visitors that Death Valley National Park is still seeing temperatures over 110 degrees, and the park usually continues to have temperatures in excess of 100 degrees well into October. Trip-planning resources can be found on the park’s website to help visitors plan and prepare for safe and memorable visits to the park.
Death Valley National Park is the homeland of the Timbisha Shoshone and preserves natural resources, cultural resources, exceptional wilderness, scenery, and learning experiences within the nation’s largest conserved desert landscape and some of the most extreme climate and topographic conditions on the planet. About two-thirds of the park was originally designated as Death Valley National Monument in 1933. Today the park is enjoyed by about 1,700,000 people per year. The park is 3,400,000 acres – nearly as large as the state of Connecticut. Learn more at www.nps.gov/deva. | <urn:uuid:e86b95a2-00ad-4b50-a501-ea694c408ce6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sierrawave.net/the-heat-was-on-death-valley-set-numerous-heat-records-this-summer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.951789 | 968 | 3.578125 | 4 |
By Ned Ryun • The Federalist
If there is to be real change in our form of government, the Trump administration needs to avoid the fatal flaw of previous Republican administrations: choosing to play the game by the Left’s rules.
Nearly every Republican administration makes some changes, but mostly lightly exfoliates the elephant of the State. These are temporary gains at best, small pauses in the seemingly inevitable march of government dominance. Most Republicans don’t seem to understand what we are up against, that the game is rigged against smaller government.
We have to view our government through system dynamics, the study of understanding nonlinear behavior in complex systems. Such systems, like vast government bureaucracy, include loops that reinforce certain actions and results. These loops act similarly to compounding interest, starting slowly, over time accelerating, then finally exploding in size, all the while strengthening themselves.
So we have to look at and understand our modern form of government, which made a dramatic shift in the early twentieth century, as “The System” filled with reinforcing loops.
Self-Government Is Impossible Under Big Government
The first progressive movement set our modern government in motion. Most date it from 1895-1920. It was a movement, sadly, birthed in many ways inside the Republican Party. It was intended to place our government more into the hands of the un-elected, educated elite bureaucrats (with as little interference from elected politicians), to make individuals more dependent upon the state because that was how to rapidly make real “progress.” The goal was for the state to take more and more of life’s decisions from the individual.
The progressives birthed the bureaucratic state, and while there were some legitimate reforms needed at the time, the explosion of the state began. Government spending as a percent of the total economy went through the roof, from 2 percent in 1900 to more than 20 percent today. Our government started with roughly 50 employees in three departments. All government employees, which numbered nearly 4 million in 1939, number over 22 million today, with nearly three million federal employees and the rest state and local (and that excludes military).
But in November something funny happened to the Left’s belief in the inevitable triumph of statism: Donald J. Trump won a race he was never supposed to win. In a turn of events that scared the Left silly, Trump’s election has thrown a wrench into The System. But it’s not entirely clear that even he or his advisors truly understand what they’re up against.
Now We’re Calling This the Deep State
This system of government with its reinforcing loops has been building for most of the last century. It is massive, entrenched, and will do everything it can to continue on as it always has. Sure, Trump can “gum up” the works, and slow statists’ progress. But let’s not kid ourselves: when a new administration comes into power it doesn’t mean the government will turn on a dime.
The presidential transition directory, known as the Plum Book, lists more than 4,000 politically appointed positions for a new administration to fill during its term (or terms). Those political appointees are supposed to go into the various departments of government and implement the new president’s agenda. But they leave when the president leaves, and in the case of conservatives, their meager reforms usually go with them.
It’s time for Republicans to have a reality check: do you really think that fewer than 5,000 appointees can win against 2.8 million federal government employees who have a vested interest in absolutely nothing changing? Maybe, if an administration had 20 years, but it doesn’t. It has four, maybe if they’re lucky eight, years, and as history has shown us, the odds of any party getting three straight terms of a single party in the White House are fairly slim. We have already seen bureaucrats at the Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Justice, and State Department not only promise, but also begin to resist any reforms from the Trump administration.
But it’s worse than simply having millions of federal government employees trying to outlast a Republican administration. The overwhelming majority of those federal employees who donated to a presidential campaign, more than 95 percent, gave money to Hillary Clinton. Ninety-nine percent of contributions from State Department employees went to Clinton in the 2016 elections. You can be sure they aren’t excited to be working for Trump.
Shut It All Down, Baby
So my advice to President Trump is this: don’t play the game by the current rules. Change the rules by which the game is played. It’s time to cut the leviathan of government down to size. Trump’s hiring freeze is a good step in the right direction. It stops one of the reinforcing loops. But he needs to reverse the loop and cut the federal workforce by no less than 25 percent in four years. Trump should then consolidate and shut down departments.
Ronald Reagan promised to shut down departments, including Education and Energy, but never did. If Trump wants to devolve power out of DC, he has to shut departments down. Take the Department of Energy and put the nuclear weapons management under Department of Defense (or even Commerce, as Reagan wanted, to keep nuclear protection in civilian hands), split energy issues between Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and Interior, then shut its doors. Roll any necessary parts of Department of Education into Labor and send other responsibilities back to the states, then shut its doors.
Once departments are shut down, bulldoze the buildings to the ground. Shatter them, plow them under, then build beautiful parks, Liberty Parks, over where the departments used to stand. Trump should also then consider “farming” some departments out to states, further breaking the leviathan apart.
Bulldozing and shipping out departments is only a step in the right direction. There are many to explore, like repealing the Seventeenth Amendment. This would also devolve power out of DC, tie senators once more to their states, and stop making a farce of federalism. While of course the amendment process is out of Trump’s hands, he could be a powerful force in driving the issue.
Government Is Force, Not Reason
Beyond functional and structural changes, there has to be a philosophical shift in how Americans view government: government is not a force for good. It can never be. To loosely quote George Washington, government is force, it is not reason. It is a necessary evil that is meant to help lightly guide imperfect human beings in an imperfect world towards truly enjoying their God-given rights of life and liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
Philosophical changes take time. Structural changes can spur those, and Trump can put his mark on American history by truly changing the rules by which the game is played. The administration and Republicans in power must see the pitfalls previous administrations failed to avoid. Those administrations decided government really wasn’t so bad once they got the reins, and if we’re not careful, the swamp might start to seem like a hot tub.
President Trump and the GOP have a chance to conserve the original principles of the country, that government is limited to protect the rights of the people, not provide them everything they want or need. If Trump can change the rules, he’ll change history. | <urn:uuid:ca87a67b-d086-48d1-821b-554ffb214c2c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ff.org/to-truly-beat-the-bureaucrats-trump-needs-to-shut-their-agencies-down/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.958792 | 1,529 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Communion with Christ is a foretaste of heaven. Here we enjoy His person and all the sweet relations to His person. We enjoy His death and all the saving fruits, privileges, and influences of His death. We are also brought into Christ’s banqueting house, held in His galleries, His banner over us being love. We are carried up to the mount with Christ, that we may see Him (as it were) transfigured, and may say with Peter, “Master, it is good for us to be here; and let us here build tabernacles” (Matt 17:4).
Oh, it is a happy thing to have Christ dwelling in our hearts, and to lodge in Christ’s bosom! It is a happy thing to maintain communion between Christ and our souls! He took our sins; we take His healing; He endured wounds for us; we drink the spiritual balsam that sprang from His wounds; He took upon Him our unrighteousness; we clothe ourselves with His righteousness. He endured pains for us; we come to Him and take His rest to our souls. He embraced our curse and condemnation; we embrace His blessing, justification, and salvation. To this end we look on Jesus.
Now, if He hides His face by desertion, do not rest until you find Him. And when you find Him, hold fast to Him, do not let Him go, nor drive Him from your heart through your corruptions. If you would prize the presence of Christ, how comfortably would you maintain and increase your communion with Him. | <urn:uuid:0de50472-09d3-4b20-a763-5fd43569d6a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://substitutionalist.com/in-christs-bosom/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.957967 | 332 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Every Monday, we travel into the archives of The New York Times to find the first time the paper covered various topics. This edition looks at the World Wide Web, the Segway, Michael Stipe and more.
World Wide Web
A Web of Networks, an Abundance of ServicesBill Clinton and Al Gore made a campaign promise to help build a national data network, hoping it would lead to new digital information services. While waiting to see if the new Administration follows through, businesses can get a taste of the future with the rapidly growing commercial networks of computer services. * * * * * Cheryl Currid, a business consultant in Houston, said she had begun using Radiomail, a Menlo Park, Calif., company that provides two-way mobile electronic mail over the Internet. Since she signed up, her cellular phone bill has dropped sharply. "I'm an electronic mail addict," she said. "People can find me wherever I am. I have negotiated several business deals recently without even using a telephone." * * * * * Additionally, gateways exist so that WAIS users can retrieve information from non-WAIS data bases like Gopher, developed by university users of Next computers, and the World Wide Web, which makes available physicists' research from many locations.
Keep reading for Michael Stipe, the Segway, and more...
The PoplifeLast year, R.E.M.'s first album, Murmur (I.R.S.), rose to a respectable No. 36 on the charts and won almost unanimous critical acclaim. There were a few detractors, who complained that they couldn't understand the lyrics being sung by R.E.M.'s lead vocalist, Michael Stipe. They wondered if there really was anything there. The new R.E.M. album, Reckoning, has won over most of the skeptics with songs and arrangements that seem more direct and focused, and singing that aims more at being understood. * * * * *Reckoning has moved up to No. 26 on the album charts and shows signs of becoming R.E.M.'s first big seller. "People keep telling us that to succeed in pop music these days you have to have either real loud guitars or a dance beat, preferably both, Mr. Buck said. "I guess we could have had that; we could have done a zillion things to advance our careers. But we insist on taking it at our own speed. We're going to be touring now for a month and a half or so, then taking some time off to work on songs for the next album, then going back out for another month. If we're going to be successful, we want it to be on our own terms."
An Inventor Unveils His Mysterious Personal Transportation DeviceIt is not a hovercraft, a helicopter backpack or a teleportation pod. The mystery transportation device being developed by the award-winning inventor Dean Kamen—the subject of continuous fevered speculation since provocative clues and predictions surfaced in media reports last January—is not hydrogen-powered, a favored theory in Internet discussions. Nor does it run on a superefficient Stirling engine (yet). But if the public's collective yearning for Jetsonian travel technology must remain unrequited this week, at least the speculators will have their curiosity satisfied. Mr. Kamen plans to demonstrate today a two-wheeled battery-powered device designed for a single standing rider. Its chief novelty lies in the uncanny effect, produced by a finely tuned gyroscopic balancing mechanism, of intuiting where its rider wants to go—and going there.
Hollister Knowlton Betrothed To David H. Petraeus, a Cadet Lieut. Gen. William A Knowlton, superintendent of the United States Military Academy, and Mrs. Knowlton have announced the engagement of their daughter Miss Hollister Knowlton of First Classman David Howell Petraeus, who will graduate from West Point June 5. He is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Sixtus Petraeus of Cornwall, NY. Miss Knowlton who will graduate June 2 from Dickinson College, and her fiancé have planned their wedding for early July. An alumna of the Madeira School in Greenway, VA, she was presented at the Internation Debutante Ball here.
Finding Humor in the Everyday Horror of the OfficeThe man in charge of this division, David Brent (played by Ricky Gervais, who writes and directs The Office with Stephen Merchant), is the type of lower middle manager who wants to be both a dignified leader of men and a politically incorrect laddie. Wearing a fidgety smile and a goatee he is a few years too old for, he is forever making tired jokes that are greeted with queasy silence. Still, he thinks he's the life of the party. Mr. Gervais calls Brent an example of "blind spot" comedy. * * * * * By the time Gervais met Stephen Merchant, it was 1997 and he had landed a marketing job at a London radio station, XFM. Mr. Merchant, who was his assistant, described Mr. Gervais as "the laziest man I'd ever met." He also felt that Mr. Gervais was a born entertainer. "He'd never done any stand-up or proper stage performing," said Mr. Merchant, 28. In lieu of actually working, Mr. Gervais created a string of elaborate characters just to make Mr. Merchant laugh. "The turns of phrase, the way he spoke, the body language," Mr. Merchant said. "It was like he'd been practicing it in his bedroom for years, waiting for someone to be his audience—only he hadn't. It just came to him instinctively. I thought: 'Wait a minute. There's something here.' I told him: 'Gervais, you're a fat, funny man. Let's show the world.'" The two men got their chance when Mr. Merchant was accepted in a BBC production training course. He was required to make a short film, and had Mr. Gervais play the lead in his "seedy boss" persona. Mr. Gervais, who said he used to watch the mock documentary This Is Spinal Tap every day, felt right at home in a faux-reality format. Pleased with the outcome, the two showed the 20-minute film to a BBC executive. The rest, as Mr. Gervais put it, has been "like a fairy tale."
"¢ Volume I: Barack Obama, Microsoft, iPod
"¢ Volume II: Hillary Clinton, Starbucks, Donald Trump
"¢ Volume III: JFK, Microwave Oven, the Internet
"¢ Volume IV: Larry David, Drudge Report, Digital Camera
"¢ Volume V: Walkman, Osama bin Laden, Iowa Caucuses
"¢ Volume VI: Times Square, Marijuana, Googling
"¢ Volume VII: Lance Armstrong, Aerosmith, Gatorade
"¢ Volume VIII: Bob Dylan, New York Jets, War on Terror
"¢ Volume IX: Hedge Fund, White Collar Crime, John Updike
"¢ Volume X: E-mail, Bruce Springsteen, George Steinbrenner
"¢ Volume XI: RFK, the Olsen Twins, Digg
"¢ Volume XII: Jerry Seinfeld, Lee Harvey Oswald, Don Mattingly
"¢ Volume XIII: Arnold Schwarzenegger, Taxicab, Hippies
"¢ Volume XIV: Digital Watch, Prozac, David Hasselhoff
"¢ Volume XV: George Clooney, Golden Gate Bridge, Toyota Prius
"¢ Volume XVI: Woody Allen, The Titanic, The Beastie Boys
"¢ Volume XVII: New York Edition
"¢ Volume XVIII: Sports Edition
"¢ Volume XIX: TV Edition
"¢ Volume XX: Wrestlemania, Phil Knight, My Two Dads
"¢ Volume XXI: Books on Tape, Condoleezza Rice, Tina Fey
"¢ End of 2007: Greatest Hits
"¢ Volume XXII: John McCain, American Gladiators, Dianetics
"¢ Volume XXIII: Barbara Bush, Sports Illustrated, The Daily Show
"¢ Volume XXIV: "I Have A Dream" speech, Mitt Romney, Game Boy
"¢ Volume XXV: Randy Moss, Regis Philbin, Valentine's Day
"¢ Volume XXVI: Yoko Ono, Universal Health Care, Tom Coughlin
"¢ Volume XXVII: The U.S. Presidential Candidates
"¢ Volume XXVIII: Superdelegates, HD DVD, Spud Webb
"¢ Volume XXIX: Academy Awards Edition
"¢ Volume XXX: National Review, Wayne Gretzky, Harry Truman
"¢ Another Greatest Hits Edition
"¢ Volume XXXI: Personal Computer, Vietnam War, Pokemon
"¢ Volume XXXII: Princess Diana, Chuck Klosterman, Yo-Yo Ma
"¢ November 3, 2007: Appearance on NPR Weekend Edition Saturday
Want to play along at home? Get complete access to the The New York Times archives by becoming an NYT subscriber. | <urn:uuid:76809102-9f8e-473d-9cb2-cf472406b345> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/18433/early-coverage-web-segway-david-petraeus-david-brent | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.934429 | 1,913 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Are you a parent with a very creative child? If your son or daughter make up songs in an instant and has even started writing them down you may have a songwriter on your hands. Here are five ways that you can help your young songwriter.
Encourage them to explore other talents.
Most songwriters actually come up with the best ideas while doing something else. Sometimes it’s while playing a sport or doing something completely different like jogging. Pharrell Williams, songwriter/producer of “Happy”, came up with this song while he was taking a shower. Most great ideas don’t typically come from actually forcing yourself to write. However, practice does make perfect, which leads to the next.
Encourage them to write down their ideas.
This is very important. Every young songwriter needs a songwriting notebook. Some studies show that the brain processes handwritten words different than typed words. It’s still somewhat of a mystery as to why this happens, but Dr. Virginia Berniger believes that writing by hand is more engaging to the creative brain. The hand must make varied movements in order to express words which triggers connection to these words. So, make a notebook together, make a fun craft night out of it.
Listen to their creations and give them honest feedback with a healthy level of praise.
There’s a terrible feeling when you show someone you love your creation and either having them look at you like you have a horn growing out of your head. However, it may be even worse when they lie to you telling you that it’s wonderful when it’s really pretty terrible. Now, I know that the first creations aren’t that great. Barely anyone gets it on their first try. However, you can be a great help as a parent to give specific feedback to your little songwriter to help build confidence while sharpening some skills.
Encourage them to sing it in front of their music teacher and ask for feedback.
It’s great to perform in front of another musician. Musicians hear music differently than non-musicians, but both sets of feedback are equally important. When writing songs, the best songs speak to everyone. The goal is to have the world singing your songs, so it must be able to be enjoyed by all. A musician can really put words to the strength of a song or the direction that things should go and even suggest a couple chord changes here and there.
Keep Young Songwriters open to Explore several instruments.
Last but definitely needs to be included is the exploration of music. Songwriting, whether instrumental or vocal, is always made better by exploring different ways to create music. The piano, guitar and organ creates chords and foundation to a piece. The saxophone, clarinet, flute, trumpet and other horns create melody. The percussion creates rhythm and an understanding of complex rhythm. Each of these concepts must be truly understood by a songwriter, and growing up learning different instruments always fosters a deeper understanding of these musical concepts.
All these steps are actions to take as a parent of a young songwriter. Music can be an amazing career, or side business for the dedicated. Songwriters come in all shapes and sizes with all manner of careers, because all one needs is a pen, a piece of paper, and creativity. | <urn:uuid:5bce8773-4825-41ff-8980-326763b3d8c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lessonsinyourhome.net/blog/5-ways-help-young-soungwriters-creative/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.968973 | 697 | 2.5625 | 3 |
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This text begins from a central question: what is a critical spatial practice in a contemporary moment marked by planetary breakdown, by the increasingly visible presence of climate change across a number of different scales, by the sense of a future and present gone violently awry? This is a question about creating friction with a landscape that is in breakdown, where the certainties of a stability – if a deeply flawed and exclusionary one – are themselves no longer certain.
In this short piece, I draw from the provocation posed by this issue’s organizers to argue for a set of critical interventions grounded in the language and practices of repair. Repair, a concept that is designed to highlight the diverse forms of maintenance work that mark the contemporary landscape, offers us forms of engagement that are relational and located in everyday practices. Repair takes uncertainty and breakdown as starting points, and develops forms of action that are predicated on that which exists. In doing so, it gestures at forms of critical presence, critical forms of occupying space, and orientations towards a politics of what we might call restoration. Practices of repair are ongoing, even if invisible; they suggest the critical ways in which planetary breakdown is being responded to and possible pathways for an ethics and a politics going forward.
Landscapes of Climate Breakdown
It is important to not overstate climate change as an existential crisis that exceeds the previous violences associated with colonialism and the expansion of racial capitalism, themselves the foundational processes that have led to contemporary climate change (See Heglar, 2019; Moore, 2015; White, 2016). Nevertheless, the current uncertainties of climate change demand our attention. As Paprocki et al (2019) point out in a recent reflection, climate change is remaking the variegated and uneven certainties that mark lives as well as scholarly practices. Climate change requires new frameworks and new points of entry, new analyses that ask us to remake existing scholarly certainties. It is subsequently critical that we wrestle with the uncertainties borne from climate change and new modes of social science, which suggest new political potentialities associated with changes that are both regional and planetary, differentiated and universal.
The changes associated with planetary climate change are profound, drawing together the firescapes of California with the sinking built environment of Jakarta. At the same time, the responses to climate change at the level of policy and financing are reconfiguring existing arrangements of the social and the natural, drawing rural landscapes into new energy configurations that are remaking broader relationships between the centre and the periphery at a number of different scales. Assessing who is bearing the costs of climate change as both a material process as well as a set of policy goals is critical to assessing the shape of contemporary politics and what is possible going forward.
Climate change asks us different questions of the contemporary landscape, and as such requires new vocabularies of spatial practice and intervention. The word landscape is a complex one for geographers. The tradition of landscape research has long marked work in the discipline, with the concept attuned to the power dynamics of the built environment and the forms through which the built environment reflects or obscures the processes that led to its creation (See Mitchell, 1996). In Don Mitchell’s iconic phrase: “the landscape lies.” In these frameworks, critical spatial politics would be those that open up these landscapes and reveal their fissures, creating frictions between existing spatialities in the service of more liberatory ends. To reveal the contingency of that which surrounds us seems critical to a politics of denaturalizing the worlds we inhabit and stripping the everyday of its seemingly normative arrangements.
But what are the critical spatial practices in a moment of planetary breakdown, as cities sink and coasts dissolve into ocean? While concerns about the seemingly apocalyptic nature of contemporary climate change writing need to be taken seriously (Gergan, Smith, & Vasudevan, 2018; Swyngedouw, 2010), so too do the real concerns of a shifting climatic regime and its implications for existing communities and existing places that many – and especially the most vulnerable– call home. Elliott (2019) asks us to understand climate change through loss. While the term loss can refer to the broader processes through which presence is turned into absence in a number of different forms, it is also distinctly material. As Elliott notes, “The materiality of loss…refers to disappearances wrought by shifting coastlines, denuded forests, storm wrecked cities––in brief, the fundamentally altered ecologies of a place.” (2019: 307).
Repair, Maintenance, and Breakdown
Repair and maintenance have long been subjects within geography, but they’ve taken on new resonance in recent years. Inspired by the work of Shannon Mattern, Gautam Bhan, Sarah Knuth, and others, work in the fields of repair has highlighted the processes of tinkering and fixing and holding together the landscapes that surround us – and by extension, our social worlds. While much of the work in repair and maintenance build on early papers by Nigel Thrift and Stephen Graham (See Graham & Thrift, 2007; Thrift, 2005) the work has expanded into new forms in recent years.
For Bhan (2019: 8), writing as part of the project of articulating a southern urban critique (see Lawhon & Truelove, 2019), repair “suggests a particular assemblage of practices”
- “First, repair emphasizes the need to restore immediate function over the need for substantive material improvement.
- Second, it is located in an immediate material life-world where what can be quickly accessed and easily used is more likely to be chosen as the “right” material for the job.
- Third, it does not presuppose any actors.
- Fourth, repair can hence be seen as a mode of practice that draws upon forms of public and proximate knowledge.
- Fifth, repair suggests not just actions but a sensibility, one that sees materials in a constant cycle of use and reuse by the same actors and in the same setting over a long time period. The distinction between “repaired” and “new” then itself is diffused, allowing repair to hold a sense of endurance but also one of aspiration and renewal.”
In an urban vein, Bhan’s engagement with repair has resonance with one of the canoncial concepts of Latin American urban processes: autoconstruction, the process of self-building and eventual consolidation of neighborhoods that has marked cities in Latin America for generations (See Caldeira, 2017). A form of critical spatial practice, autoconstruction marks many Latin American cities and highlights the processual, incremental forms through which cities are made in contexts of violent structural inequality (while also revealing the need for deep structural change in how housing is provisioned).
For Shannon Mattern (2018), in a brilliant piece on repair, maintenance, care work, and social reproduction, “To study maintenance is itself an act of maintenance. To fill in the gaps in this literature, to draw connections among different disciplines, is an act of repair or, simply, of taking care — connecting threads, mending holes, amplifying quiet voices.” For Mattern, echoing the early articulations of why repair matters, we are surrounded at all times by the sounds and reminders of maintenance processes: the steady fixing of a world in breakdown, the filling in the gaps of crisis. This gives us some solace as we are facing increasingly dire and increasingly apocalyptic framings of what is to come in a climate change future. But Mattern’s work makes clear that maintenance too is labour, and those who do the work of keeping our world together need better protection, more care. Others interested in the critical climate work of care work have called attention to the necessary role of nurses, teachers, and care workers in creating the social worlds that allow us to survive (as well as live in ways that exceed mere survival; See Battistoni, 2017). As Battistoni (2017) argues, in reference to what a low-carbon society might look like:
In general, it will mean less work all around. But the kind of work that we’ll need more of in a climate-stable future is work that’s oriented toward sustaining and improving human life as well as the lives of other species who share our world. That means teaching, gardening, cooking, and nursing: work that makes people’s lives better without consuming vast amounts of resources, generating significant carbon emissions, or producing huge amounts of stuff.
In a world in breakdown, this is the work of repairing.
There are limits to the figure of repair, of course. Repair can serve regressive ends or suggest that tinkering with the existing can forestall the need for deep structural changes in the foundations of contemporary life. Throughout the globe, for instance, waste economies are seen as a mechanism for solving and adapting a waste crisis through better efficiencies at processing recyclables and waste products. Understood as mechanisms for forestalling a planetary waste crisis – with increasingly visible materializations in the oceans and the atmosphere – articulations of a circular economy are exciting propositions that nevertheless fall short in practice. In collaborative engagements with the South African waste economy conducted in 2017 and 2018, for instance, I found that that these economies are predicated on a structural inequality that exposes vulnerable populations to harm. Repair in this case reproduces existing inequalities and inequities, even as it is framed as a mechanism for pushing against socio-environmental conflicts and uncertainties.
Ongoing work into the planetary repair economy calls attention to how processes of repair can serve economies that are themselves reflective of regimes of accumulation whose end goals need to be better understood (See Fairhead et al, 2012). For Knuth (2019), in particular, economies of repair (in the retrofitting industry, in her case) need to grapple with the structural dynamics of contemporary capitalism. In order to keep buildings from shedding carbon through their eventual demolition and remaking, contemporary retrofitting economies require maintenance long into the future. This contradicts the basic premise of capitalist urbanism, which “encodes material obsolescence into built environments and assemblages” (Knuth, 2019: 499). This has implications for the temporalities of repair, more broadly, highlighting the degree to which maintenance and repair are permanent interventions and permanent conditions.
An attention to the economies of degradation, and the practices of repair that are associated with them, can shed light on the forms through which the finances of climate change adaptation and mitigation are ultimately ripe for speculation. In ongoing comparative research with Patrick Bigger, for instance, we have looked at systemic infrastructural breakdown in two cities marked by recent experience of climate change-induced crisis: New York City and Cape Town, South Africa. There, systemic breakdown can take the shape of the NYC subway, a system that is currently in the midst of a prolonged ‘death spiral’ in some analyses. Or it can take the form of the everyday infrastructures of supplying water to Cape Town, a city marked by intense racialized inequality that plays out in the ways that residents receive differentiated access to municipal services (See Rodina, 2017).
In both cases, the responses to climate crisis – and the financial tools used to weather them -- have threatened to deepen rather than re-imagine existing economic geographies through more borrowing of debt, heightened fiscal austerity, and the increasing usage of residents as a revenue steam through heightened tariffs and fees. This has resonance globally, whether in the prison economies of rural Kentucky or in any number of infrastructurally-deprived regions where taxes are reduced and where austerity remains the primary response. Climate change, as both a material reality and an anticipatory projection on the future (See Paprocki, 2019), is creating a situation in which existing budgets and appropriations are being stretched and where existing inequalities are subsequently being deepened. Repair, in this context, can serve to deepen existing inequalities rather than create opportunities for new collective political ecologies.
Repair as a landscape practice can pose complex questions as well, as efforts to remake ruined and degraded landscapes can create complex tradeoffs between tenure security and dignity, as with forms of green or ecological gentrification (See Checker, 2011; Doshi, 2019; Immergluck & Balan, 2018; Millington, 2018; Wolch et al, 2014). While it is a testament to the deeply compromised nature of contemporary life, the choice between a degraded landscape and a restored one that can be a choice between security and insecurity. Whether in the global north or south, degradation can perversely serve to protect communities from displacement. Repair, in these instances, can subsequently serve regressive ends.
Critical Spatial Practices of Repair
Repair can also be a care practice, especially if we understand the infrastructures that surround us to be interlinked in complex, intimate ways with broader dynamics of social reproduction. The built environment and the physical landscapes of the planet feel increasingly tenuous and increasingly precarious (while keeping in mind that infrastructural stability has long been only guaranteed for the few). The variegated and uneven certainties of fixed infrastructures – the stuff that makes contemporary life possible – are being rendered further precarious, partial, and prone to breakdown, with urban residents increasingly bypassing existing infrastructures. The shape of contemporary global infrastructure matches a contemporary conjuncture marked by the proliferation of large-scale infrastructures at the same time as the necessary infrastructures of survival are in breakdown. The increasing cutoffs of water users in the global north, coupled with reocurring water crises alongside the persistent challenges of adequately accessing clean water in much of the world, suggests that even the flawed certainties of exclusionary cities are being rendered increasingly fragile as climate change deepens uncertainty and municipal budgets are stretched in new ways. In Cape Town, for instance, a narrow defeat of “Day Zero” was accomplished through the intensive reductions in water consumption on behalf of urban residents, a process that was deeply unsustainable in the long run if the city is to continue to function in its current form.
Cape Town too is a landscape of violent inequality, where climate change adaptation requires us to take seriously the need for many residents to consume more. This suggests the complexities of intervening in landscapes marked by the inequities of racial capitalism. If we understand the landscape itself to be a site of violence or erasure or oppression, how can we create friction with existing landscapes while also opening up space for practices of repair of both social life as well as of the built environment in the context of a necessary push towards climate resilience and decarbonization?
Partial Design and Urban Appropriation: The Minhocão
For geographers like Vasudevan (2017), squatting and occupying are forms of not just appropriation but deeper claims making on the urban landscape that entail and demand a radical reconfiguration of contemporary spatiality. To occupy is, in a sense, one of the primary forms through which the normative landscapes of contemporary capitalism can be challenged, in complex, embodied, performative, multifaceted ways – but in ways that also consolidate, that forge, that cohere. Gautam Bhan is here once again illustrative, especially when articulating a grammar of southern urbanism that is oriented around three specific concepts: repair, squatting, and consolidating. While framed as analytical concepts, these could also function as forms of political practice, spatial practices of intervention that take seriously the current conjuncture and its spatial forms.
I focus here briefly on one of my favorite sites in the world: the Minhocão in São Paulo, Brazil. The Minhocão is an elevated highway that, at nights and on weekends, is closed to automobile traffic (See Millington, 2017). Once closed, the site becomes a site of spontaneous leisure, a formal public space in a city known for its lack of exactly that. Residents of neighborhoods jog, socialize, hang out with dogs, and spend time in a site normally reserved for cars. The site is disorienting in a profound, charming way: it shifts the perspective of being a pedestrian, reorienting the experience of the city in compelling ways. It is un-landscaped and at heart is still a road for cars, with infrastructures designed for car safety providing strange backdrops to the experience of public space. Until recently when it was declared a park, the site has long been a kind of interstitial space, formally a road but in practice a piece of temporally-bound public space infrastructure.
The site is the result of practices of what might be seen as forms of collective repair, efforts to create leisure in a space underserved and develop avenues for collective presence. These were done collectively but without intent. People just began to treat the space like a park, and eventually the city started to close the road to prevent traffic accidents. To be clear, the Minhocão is not a radical place: it is a form of spontaneous appropriation attuned to leisure. It is not a practice that can remake the ongoing violences of climate change and predatory speculation. Yet it is suggestive of the everyday politics of repair and maintenance that can render landscapes livable. The elevated highway was built during the military dicatorship that governed the country for two decades, and it is a distinct scar in the landscape. Like other elevated highways, it bifurcated neighborhoods and led to intense devaluation. To render it something different – a landscape for a specific form of commoning, in a sense – opens up possibilities for forms of popular appropriation that push against the hostility of a built environment built to the dictates of the real estate industry.
Of course, decarbonzation and just transitions require much more than spontaneous appropriations of automobile infrastructure. A just decarbonization requires political infrastructures, ultimately, which can develop pathways for forms of politics that exceed what Knuth (2019: 500) calls “capitalist ruination-as-usual.” Yet the Minhocão may offer insight into forms of practice that designers and others interested in contemporary spatial practices may take inspiration from. It is a site that is formed not through overt architectural intent, but rather the incremental, slow processes of appropriation and collective presence, attuned to a kind of livability in the shadow of that which exists. Undoubtedly, we need grand visions of the future to create a society that moves away from fossil fuels while attempting to work against inequality: we need a global green new deal that takes seriously colonial histories and enduring planetary inequalities. Spaces like the Minhocão make clear that there are politics of repair around us, however, forms of engagement with the urban built environment that are oriented towards the everyday while opening up space for more radical potentialities going forward. A critical spatial politics of repair would build on these foundations in the service of something more expansive.
Maintenance and repair are correctives to visions of the future and a present that neglects the inevitability of breakdown. Maintenance is work and labour, but it is also about forms of collective presence that fill in the cracks of a world in breakdown. In this short text, I draw from ongoing work in these traditions to ask: what does repair offer to the scholarly and political challenge of engaging with the uncertainties of climate change, and where might we locate ongoing efforts to mend the world? The Minhocão is one example, drawn from my own research practice, but there are myriad others. Locating and valuing the ongoing efforts to keep the world going – while ensuring that our visions are radical enough for the task at hand – opens up space for politics that both reflect the existing while demanding more. | <urn:uuid:0a15bccf-32cc-441a-9107-f042b7376f98> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.societyandspace.org/articles/critical-spatial-practices-of-repair | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.944339 | 4,047 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Tuesday Tips: Kenan-Flagler Application Essay Tips for 2021-2022
UNC’s Kenan-Flagler Business School offers a flexible program with multiple ways to earn an MBA. The Kenan-Flagler application essay questions focus on learning more about you. At UNC, a world-class university offers resources beyond the MBA program.
There are several global immersion opportunities with each program at Kenan-Flagler. Also, students love the environment in Chapel Hill. It is a beautiful and lively college town. Further, students enjoy the friendly atmosphere at UNC’s MBA program.
From the admissions committee: You’ll respond to two required essay questions and one optional question. Your responses should be concise, clear, and introspective as we’ll use them to learn more about you, your motivations, and your aspirations. Typically, we ask that you keep responses to 300-500 words max.
Required Essay 1
Your response should be no longer than 500 words and should address the following questions:
What are your immediate career goals and how will you benefit from earning an MBA at Kenan-Flagler Business School? As the business world continues to evolve, circumstances can change and guide you in a different direction. Should your goals that you provided above not transpire, what other opportunities would you explore?
This first essay in the Kenan-Flagler application asks a primary career goals question and a “Plan B.” Knowing yourself is the best first step in this essay. What has your career taught you, both in hard skills and soft skills? How have leadership opportunities grown your perspective? Think about the experiences of your work life. And what you have learned about yourself.
Then, describe your short-term career goals. As a program, UNC provides individual career guidance and has a recruiter focus. Therefore, realistic career goals help the admissions committee imagine you at UNC. Finally, show a clear link between your career goals and your MBA. What skills will you gain from classes and clubs to bring to your post-MBA job?
Everyone’s life takes twists and turns. And, often, your path takes you in another direction. For that reason, this essay also asks about your Plan B. To answer the question, consider how your experience and MBA can apply to different goals.
For example, your Plan A is to work in consulting and then transition to a strategy role at a CPG firm. If you cannot land that job, you could look for in-house strategy roles to gain experience. Or, you could work in a different kind of professional services firm such as marketing research. Finally, as long as you focus on the type of work that appeals to you and the roles that fit, you will find the right path.
Required Essay 2
Your response should be no longer than 300 words and should address the following question:
We all belong to different communities representing various aspects of who we are, including groups we belong to, where we come from, how we think, what we believe, and how we see and experience the world. The process of discovery is strengthened when people with diverse perspectives and life experiences come together to share and learn from one another, negotiate differences, and engage in diplomacy. How have you dealt with differences in your personal or professional relationships? In what ways will you contribute to the community and learning environment by embracing your authentic self while respecting others? How do you envision furthering your growth in inclusive leadership as an MBA student and as a business leader?
Like most schools, UNC Kenan-Flagler focuses on inclusive leadership. For this essay, consider how your background and communities have shaped your perspective. Then, Once you have an idea of the essay’s focus, consider what specific examples to share.
Tell a story about a time you had a difference in your personal or professional relationships. When you describe the situation, be specific about how you felt and acted. What did you do to resolve the problem and drive understanding? And, what did you learn about other people’s perspectives?
Finally, thoughtful and nuanced leadership is vital to your UNC MBA application. That means showing that you are empathetic and understanding. Even if you are not a leader now, you can positively impact the environment.
We encourage you to tell us more about who you are so we can get to know you as a person and potential member of the Carolina community. Use this essay to convey information that you may not have otherwise been able to in the application. Your response should be no longer than 200 words.
- Personal or professional accomplishments
- Interests and passions
- Gaps in work experience or inconsistent academic performance
- Context for recommender selection
- A fun fact about yourself
This Kenan-Flagler optional application allows you to either discuss areas of concern or personal topics.
First, identify any gaps in your overall application. Then, consider if you need to explain those gaps. For example, if you do not have the required classes listed, you may have learned the same topics at work. Or consider registering for continuing education classes. Finally, substantial work experience can help offset poor academics. Or, explain that you have taken courses since undergrad and received high grades.
If you do not have any significant resume or application gaps, you can use this essay to focus on a personal topic. Consider describing a noteworthy professional accomplishment. Or, explain a personal achievement of which you are proud. If you tell a personal story, use specific examples to make the story stand out. Consider why the accomplishment was remarkable and what you learned from the experience.
If you are re-applying to the program, we appreciate your continued interest in UNC Kenan-Flagler. We require a complete application in addition to a brief essay (100 words or less) that describes how your application differs from your previous submission and that alerts us to new test scores, a recent promotion, or other areas that demonstrate how you have strengthened your candidacy.
The Kenan-Flagler application requires re-applicants to complete all of the required essays. You should take 100 words to describe what has changed since your last application. Also, ideas for this essay include updates like a promotion or new job.
If you don’t have a resume change, consider updates like a change in career focus. Or, you may have learned new skills in other ways, such as in a stretch project at work. Overall, this is your chance to show you are a stronger candidate now than last year. | <urn:uuid:5e7e5218-6098-44a9-a8e7-562e4c43d83b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.stacyblackman.com/blog/unc-kenan-flagler-application-essay-tips/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.944078 | 1,354 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Britain spends more on subsidising childcare than just about any other European country, but many families struggle to meet the costs when they go back to work. The result is that around one million women are believed to be missing from the workforce, deterred by “crippling” fees for nurseries or childminders.
Due to this families, could now be entitled to claim up to £2,000 per child every year from their tax bills to cover the cost of childminders and nurseries as part of a new government scheme to help families.
Mr Cameron and Mr Clegg say, ‘We will support working families with childcare costs’.
However, experts warn that tax relief on childcare may not reach the poorest families. Vidhya Alakeson, Deputy Chief Executive of the Resolution Foundation, said: “It is good that the government sees childcare as a priority for the rest of its time in office. However, the suggested proposal of supporting working families with the costs of childcare through tax relief investment looks likely to be regressive, offering the most support to affluent families and very little to the ‘strivers’ the government says it wants to support. These are the families who face the greatest struggles with today’s high costs of living, including childcare. Any new investment should focus on extending the number of hours universal childcare is available for young children, benefitting all families, including the poorest”.
Chief executive Purnima Tanuku said, ‘NDNA believes that all children and families should have access to high-quality childcare provision. Childcare supports working parents and enables children from all backgrounds to benefit from high quality early education, which is vital to give children the best possible start in life.
The final plans on childcare will be decided on Thursday at a meeting of Mr Cameron, Mr Clegg, Chancellor George Osborne and Chief Secretary to the Treasury Danny Alexander.
The four ministers will try to decide what proportion of a child care bill could be claimed back through tax.
Parents can calculate their childcare costs here http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/article-1633411/Calculator-Do-childcare-costs-make-working-worthwhile.html | <urn:uuid:ddec3c59-becc-4274-abf4-e2a3c50d2d67> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.parenta.com/2013/01/08/childcare-tax-break-claim-2000-year/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.958917 | 460 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Assange goes to the UK Supreme Court in a dispute over his extradition to the US
WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange, imprisoned in Great Britain, is taking a case to the UK Supreme Court in a dispute over his extradition.
WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange, imprisoned in Great Britain, is taking a case to the UK Supreme Court in a dispute over his extradition. Australia’s lawyers have appealed a British appeals court’s decision on the possibility of extradition, fiancée Stella Morris announced on Twitter on Thursday. She assessed that a decision could be taken in the third week of January at the earliest.
Assange is being held in London. The United States is calling for the extradition of those wanted for espionage and for publishing classified documents on the WikiLeaks platform about the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. According to his fiancée, he had a minor stroke in late October.
In the United States, the Australian faces up to 175 years in prison. On December 10, a British Court of Appeal lifted a ban previously imposed in the first instance on the 50-year-old’s extradition to the United States. The case has been returned to London County Court, but with an order to be referred to Home Secretary Priti Patel for a final decision within 28 days. Assange’s lawyers have now taken to the Supreme Court against this appeals court’s decision.
The case has been causing a stir internationally for years. Assange’s supporters have repeatedly criticized the allegations and actions as politically motivated. Many see the whistleblower as a champion for press freedom.
“Alcohol buff. Troublemaker. Introvert. Student. Social media lover. Web ninja. Bacon fan. Reader.” | <urn:uuid:deb04709-1946-4373-a7f1-498bb049adce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thewestonforum.com/assange-goes-to-the-uk-supreme-court-in-a-dispute-over-his-extradition-to-the-us/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.964307 | 349 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Evans Head proudly announces that it was the first prawning port in Australia and prawns and fish are still mainstays of the local economy, supplemented by sugarcane, tourism and dairying. A substantial fishing fleet of 3040 vessels is moored at the mouth of the river on the far side of the Evans River Bridge.
Prior to European occupation the area was inhabited by the Bundjalung people and it is still recognised as Bundjalung country . The first European settler was Captain Thomas Paddon who first encountered the area during a lengthy beach walk when his coastal survey ship was unable to leave Ballina. He named the river and offshore reef Evans after the first lieutenant of his ship.
Along with others, Paddon scoured the local beaches for alluvial gold in the late 1870s. At that time Chinaman Beach was worked by some 300 Chinese miners and McAuleys Lead was established about 25 km from Evans Head.
Paddon settled at the river mouth, building a hotel from cedar logs washed up on the beach. He and his family later pioneered the application of scientific methods to oyster farming. Both his son, Jim, and his grandson, Evans, gained world titles in rowing. Jim became the first president of the local surf life-saving club and Evans pioneered the Australian prawning industry.
The area began to attract a few regular holiday-makers in the early 20th century, largely from Kyogle and Casino, and a store was opened at Evans Head in 1919. At the time, the only other buildings, amidst the dense heath, were a wine shop, two boarding houses and a few private homes. They were soon supplemented by a butchery and a bakery. The first public school was opened in 1920 and a community hall, built in 1921, was used for church services and motion pictures. A restaurant and banking facilities were established in 1925 and a post office c.1930.
The town grew rapidly when the RAAF established a bombing gunnery school in 1940 which, at its peak, had 1776 personnel. The bridge over the Evans River was built in 1962. | <urn:uuid:fe69d67a-1d92-4212-95dc-f5423b53e5ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.traveller.com.au/evans-head--culture-and-history-69w6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.986207 | 438 | 2.453125 | 2 |
What business can you start from scratch in Russia: a detailed overview of the issue
People who want to start their own business have a question - "Where to start a business?" One gets the impression that people think they need to start with a business idea. you need to start with the client.
You can do anything, you can develop your business with the right approach in any area. You need to understand how the market works. The main thing is not to go into those niches that you will not pull financially. And there are a lot of niches that can be pulled with small capital.
You may ask - isn't the idea the main thing? The main thing is to find an idea where there is little competition and you can develop. Yes, this is possible. For example, like sushi 15-20 years ago. A niche where there is almost no competition, you can start with minimal cost. And if at that time you know about such a niche and invest in promotion. You could make a lot of money. Indeed, firms that reacted in time were able to grow significantly. Over time, these firms grew into serious companies. As the demand for sushi rose, big capital smelled money and big companies began to appear. Under this scheme, regional companies have run over small offices. Small ones now work in fierce competition and with low revenues. Country-level companies put pressure on regional companies with capital. This happens in any business. So it was with cellular communications, there was probably a local cellular operator in every city. Time passed and local operators were bought by Tele2, MTS, Beeline, Megafon and Rostelecom.
But this is one side of the coin. How do you know if your niche will work? After all, you need to start when it is not yet clear that the niche will develop. When it becomes clear that the niche is promising, a lot of capital comes there and it will be very costly to fight.
Again, it is useless to search the Internet for such "Business Ideas". If someone knows a promising niche, they will definitely not reveal it to you, at least for free
Ideas for business around you, but this is not the main thing. The best place to start a business is with what you are good at. And if you decide to start a business without knowing anything, then find someone who understands. After all, the main thing in business is not an idea, but money. And the client brings you the money.
When choosing a niche, you don't need to look for “Idea for Business”. You need to monitor the firms operating today
You need to start a business with a client
Business is, first of all, a war for the client. First of all, you need to find a client. And only then you add the client to the database, create a positive impression of yourself, solve their problems, promote them along the sales funnel, push them to subsequent sales, etc.
In the conditions of fierce competition, "getting" a client is not an easy and not cheap task. Therefore, it is not enough to own the technical side of marketing, I mean setting up advertising, for example. It is also important to know the strategic and tactical side of marketing.
How to do business
To make it easier to navigate in the future field of activity, you need to decide on some points.
Thoroughly think over the business idea you plan to work on.
Assess its profitability (the state of the country's economy and demand).
Create a clear business plan with details and finances.
Identify your own strengths and weaknesses in the case.
Nothing complicated at first glance, so feel free to start and don't be afraid of difficulties. Popular wisdom says that success is 1% luck and 99% hard work. You will have to work hard for the tasks to be solved. You may need the help of strangers or start-up capital. It all depends on the chosen direction and the personal qualities of the businessman.
How to make a business - where to start
To be successful and profitable, it will take a serious approach. The best place to start is with a good business plan. Without it, it is extremely difficult to make any business function.
It should include the following items:
a specific idea and how to implement it;
initial funds (start-up capital);
Own business is what almost everyone dreams of. Having organized a business, a person has the right to count on a permanent income in a partially passive mode.
The idea that, without working for absolutely no one, you can have money, moreover, quite a lot, warms many novice businessmen. But where to start your business journey? How many investments are required when starting a business from scratch, or can you do without them at all?
Is it difficult to officially register a company? We will talk about this and other interesting aspects of organizing business in Russia today.
Choice of direction
Business from scratch is difficult, but possible
So, let's say you decided to open your own business and think - "Where to start?" First of all, it is necessary to assess the available opportunities and choose a direction that matches them.
It is important to understand that in opening a future business, the choice of its idea is one of the main things on which the success of an organized activity depends. When deciding on the direction of business, you should consider:
- Personal opportunities - time, money and moral spending. Naturally, if you want to open, for example, an automobile plant, you will need a large amount of funds, the absence of which immediately puts an end to this direction and provokes the forced need to choose a new idea. Do not be afraid to start small, because, as you know, the Chinese Wall was not built immediately either.
- Desire to work in a certain area. By the way, this aspect is quite important. Even many successful businessmen, investing in projects that are not of interest to them, often lose their invested capital or even go into negative territory. In order to prevent this, it is advisable to choose a case to your liking, and not the first thing that comes to mind. With the growth of business experience, of course, it is permissible to expand spheres of influence in different directions, but at the beginning of the business path it is better to do, at least, things that are not dislikable to you personally.
- Demand for the chosen direction at the place of business organization. Perhaps, there is no need to give any essential explanations at this point. After all, everyone understands that it is irrational to open a store selling ski equipment on the shores of the azure sea. Naturally, the above example is significantly exaggerated, but the message is extremely simple - there will be no demand, there will be no profit. And in business, it is the latter that plays a key role.
Let's agree that the points described above are the basis for choosing the direction of your own business. In addition to analyzing personal capabilities, the relevance of an idea and the desire to engage in it, one should pay attention to the competitive environment, and to the potential support of the authorities, and other nuances of this kind.
In general, it is unacceptable to approach the definition of the direction of the future business carelessly, otherwise it is doomed to failure by default.
Choosing trade as a business line, do not forget that this rather popular area is associated with certain risks. Modern business ideas in trade are a series of long-term plans for the development of one's own business, based on an in-depth analysis of the market segment, offers and pricing policies of competitors, a marketing company and the ability to establish long-term relationships with suppliers.
Popular Business Ideas of the Year
The idea of making money on sales is not new, but in order to implement it, it is necessary to develop a clear business plan, taking into account investments and possible risks. According to statistics, only 10% of start-up entrepreneurs achieve quick and stable results in this direction - and then only when they put consumer demand and flexible pricing policy at the forefront.
Even the best business ideas in trade require additional refinement and some kind of adaptation to the terrain, opportunities of potential buyers and proposals of competitors.
Pay attention to a number of popular and demanded areas of business in trade:
- Food. Most likely, a small grocery store will be successful in a residential community or residential neighborhood where there are no large supermarkets and food markets.
- Opening an online store with goods relevant to your region can also be profitable. Consider options for wholesales, promotional offers, seasonal discounts, offer fast delivery, flexible payment. This is generally what attracts the majority of online shoppers.
- Sales of homemade products. In this case, focus on quality. It is known that homemade sausage, meat, dairy products, baked goods and cookery are always in demand, and their home delivery will be an additional bonus that will help attract customers.
Take a look at the trade business ideas below. Conduct an analysis - could you implement this or that idea of earning money in your region?
Trading Business Basics
When starting your small business in the trade, follow three basic "commandments" known to many successful entrepreneurs. This is the search for new opportunities in the procurement and sale of goods, attracting new customers and retaining regular ones.
To translate the business idea of a store into reality, you need a high-quality economic plan. Markups for common products should not exceed 10-15%, and the cost of products may be slightly lower than that of competitors. In this case, the profit will be more influenced by the turnover, and not the price. Conversely, if you are selling exclusive products from famous brands, you should not drop prices too low. A quality product of a well-known brand will always find its buyer sooner or later.
Business ideas for shops, boutiques and stalls are a wide range of opportunities for starting your own business. Your task is to make the right choice, focusing on modern concepts of trade development, initial investment and consumer demand. | <urn:uuid:5a89dae9-c17d-47f3-aec7-b8eabfababa6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://smallbusinessavenues.com/creative-business-ideas/what-business-can-you-start-from-scratch-in-russia-a-detailed-overview-of-the-issue | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.955511 | 2,086 | 2.078125 | 2 |
vietnam world map: Vietnam (Vietnamese: Việt Nam) with the official name of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Southeast Asia, a country that occupies the east of Indochina Peninsula.Vietnam is a country of mountains. Song-Koi and the Mekong delta in the plain low. Directly located in the coastal plains. Forested, mountainous region occupies a large portion of the remaining land. Its main products, rice, cassava, kocadarı, corn, coffee, tea, rubber, hand-works. Important cities, Ho Chi Mingh, Hanoi, Haifong’dur. Education, free and compulsory until the age of 12.
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Related vietnam world map | <urn:uuid:c48a185c-1752-483f-9a9e-60b3f3841f73> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wpmap.org/vietnam-world-map/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.928542 | 309 | 2.46875 | 2 |
On Sunday, 21 September 2008, Human Rights Activists in Iran filed the following report (http://www.hrairan.com/Archive_87/1066.html):
Raha Sabet, Heleh Rouhi and Sasan Taqva were accused of forming illegal groups and promoting interests contrary to the Islamic regime by providing socio-economic and humanitarian help in poor neighborhoods of Shiraz. Along with 52 other Baha’i youth, they were seized in April 2006 [sic. – should be November 2007] and through an extremely bizarre and questionable legal proceeding, sentenced to 4 years of imprisonment. On 31 August, they were allowed to leave prison for a brief family visit.
The first alarming point about this situation is that these individuals, namely, Sasan Taqva, Raha Sabet and Haleh Rouhi, have been incarcerated for the past 10 months in a holding jail of the Ministry of Intelligence, known as Pelak 100, which is used solely for interrogations and temporary confinements. The peculiar act of keeping the Baha’i prisoners there has meant that these three Baha’i prisoners have remained without contact with anyone and are deprived of provisions usually made available to other prisoners, such as use of a telephone and participation in self-educational activities, and engagement in artistic events of the prison. It should be noted that the use of bedding, pen, paper and books that their families have brought for them is the only allowance granted to them.
Moreover from the beginning of their official sentence in the coming October, Islamic training classes will be conducted in the prison which will discuss teachings and the principles that the Baha’i Faith holds sacred, which will insult and denigrate these teachings, and these Baha’i prisoners will be compelled to sit silently throughout those sessions.
In addition, we must be reminded that an appropriate legal inquiry and access to legal defense services was denied to these three individuals, and that despite the overwhelming evidence supporting their innocence their legal appeals were aborted and they remain without recourse to the judiciary system of Iran.
In consideration of extrajudicial interference and hindrance by the Intelligence and Judiciary Ministries in these cases, many questions and doubts are raised by human rights activists about this case, including:
- For how long will these conditions and uncertainties remain for these prisoners?
- Will a just review and legal appeal be provided to redress the sentences handed out to these individuals?
- Will basic necessities, which are the absolute right of every prisoner, be provided to these Baha’i prisoners?
- Will these Baha’i prisoners be transferred to Adel-Abad prison in Shiraz to serve the rest of their sentence?
Report filed on 21 September 2008, no. 87-1042.
On 25 January 2008, Amnesty International Iran made the following call, which remains unanswered to this date:
Haleh Rouhi Jahromi, Raha Sabet Sarvestani and Sasan Taqva, all Baha’is, have been detained by the Ministry of Intelligence in Shiraz since 19 November 2007. It is not clear why they are held. They may be prisoners of conscience, detained solely because of their religious beliefs, or their peaceful activities teaching underprivileged children. | <urn:uuid:2b3024bc-9a37-458a-857f-71636f7226cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://iranpresswatch.org/post/17/latest-status-of-3-imprisoned-youth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.962949 | 678 | 1.976563 | 2 |
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