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Modern societies are the best“equipped in history at satisfying man’s immediate desires: food is fast and plentiful; shelter is comfortable and extravagant; gadgets and devices simplify our lives; the Internet puts a worldwide market at our fingertips; modern medicine prolongs life, eases suffering, and even dulls, at least temporarily, psychological despair; birth control all but guarantees sex without responsibility; and television supplies endless varieties of ready“made entertainment. Modern man is safe (except in certain parts of certain cities or when madmen strike in unsuspecting places), mobile, and autonomous; and his civilization is the most democratic, the most advanced, and the most prosperous in human history”leading some scholars to ponder whether mankind has reached “the end of history.”
And yet, pessimists abound on both the right and the left. Robert Bork laments the erosion of America’s moral fabric at the hands of corrosive liberalism. In Earth in the Balance , Al Gore assails American society as “corrupt” and “inauthentic” and compares the modern age to an ecological Holocaust. Feminists decry the oppression of women and multiculturalists decry the oppression of minorities. Men and women of faith condemn the secular culture that pushes biblical morality from the public square. Conservatives bemoan the cultural elite’s assault on American values, only to criticize the American public for its lack of outrage during the impeachment of President Clinton. Everyone seems angry or insulted about something, even as a majority of Americans are too busy, too happy, or too cynical to vote. And even those who declare the end of history do so with a note of despair, fearing that man has given up on the higher ideals and grand questions that fueled the great clashes, but also the greatness, of the past.
Obviously, we cannot judge modernity by its material achievements alone; and it is always wise to take social critics with a grain of salt, since they frequently lack the moderation to appreciate the complexity of their surroundings. For the fact is that modernity embraces and promotes multiple human types. The question”Who is the quintessential character of our civilization? Is he someone to be admired or lamented?”suggests numerous, often contradictory, answers. Is it the high“tech entrepreneur or the organization man? The soccer mom or the pregnant teenager? The little“boy killers at Littleton or the martyr who gave her life instead of renouncing her faith in God? The millions of children on Ritalin and Prozac or the ambitious overachievers who flock to SAT preparation courses? The spirited or the apathetic? The unforgiving ideologues or the nonjudgmental relativists?
Plato said that the human city is the soul writ large, and so it should not surprise us that the city, like man, is mired in these and other contradictions. But among the confusions of modernity certain human types can, I think, be identified. In prosperous times, the “middling” sort prevails. He is neither totally aimless nor totally satisfied. He struggles to balance the gifts of modernity with its lack of answers to man’s permanent questions. He is, as Tocqueville noted 150 years ago, “restless amidst abundance.” And thus he is susceptible to certain maladies of the soul: debased irony and cynicism, which reduce life to absurdity; a therapeutic ethic, which deifies the self and devalues virtue and transcendence; the revolutionary spirit, which denies the fact of human limitation or rebels against all tradition and restraint; and, most common, the life of the bourgeois egoist, who is decent and practical but spiritually unsatisfied.
The old orthodoxies of modernity are exhausted. The only question is whether these sad wanderings will lead man to terminal trivialization and despair or to a rediscovery of his transcendent, eternal, and revealed purpose.
In The Closing of the American Mind , Allan Bloom indicts American youth as languid, empty, and adrift. “They can be anything they want to be,” writes Bloom, “but they have no particular reason to want to be anything in particular . . . . Why are we surprised that such unfurnished persons should be preoccupied principally with themselves and with finding means to avoid permanent free fall?” The moral drifter has no responsibilities, no hope, and no purpose. He is free from all commitments and tries not to concern himself with the perilous questions of life and death. He is a stranger, a tourist, an indifferent observer. He is the television“watcher, the apathetic consumer, the college student who stares blankly for four years from the back of the classroom, waiting, he says, for real life to begin.
The drifter is homeless. Nothing is stable or binding in his life, and so he always expects the arbitrary and the fleeting. Divorced from tradition, nature, and the old responsibility of upholding the family name, the drifter does what advertisers tell him or what his urges urge him. He has sex when it’s convenient but never falls in love. His parents are divorced or distant, and his home life is dominated by the anxious extremes of yelling and silence.
When it comes to politics, culture, and morality, the drifter is tolerant by default. He does not judge others because he is unwilling, afraid, or unable to judge himself. His life boils down to the defensive statement, “I’m not bothering anyone.” He focuses almost entirely on himself, and yet he is, at bottom, ambivalent toward himself, holding no strong opinions one way or another. This is not humility, since humility affirms a transcendent good”a God”that is a source of wonder, forgiveness, and guidance. Indifference is just the opposite: it destroys the sacred altogether, taking all things as equal and as equally nonbinding.
To the drifter, everything is at best a game, a joke, an ironic play. If he is not entirely humorless, the sadness of the drifter is softened by easy pleasures, repackaged humor, and childish naughtiness. He sits for hours in front of the television, remote control in hand, flipping from station to station, sitcom to sitcom, with nothing in particular to watch and nothing in particular to do. He is not horribly sad, but he is bound by nothing, loves nothing, reveres nothing. He is totally passive, and dislikes himself, but only vaguely, and not enough to do anything about it, since he really has no idea what he ought to do. His laughs are short, and he does not make jokes; he only retells them.
Ironic distance is the drifter’s last recourse”the snide filter that reduces all things big and small to one sad unobtrusive monotone. Humans are ridiculous creatures, and we have always been smart enough to laugh at our foibles, our shortcomings, and our failure to live up to the better parts of our natures. This gap between man the stumbler and man the exalted is the heart of all irony and humor, from Shakespeare and Aristophanes to The Simpsons and Saturday Night Live . And yet there is a crucial difference between low irony and high, between an irony that narrowly debunks and one that points out the distance between the high and the low, the sacred and the profane.
The low irony of our age has nothing to contribute beyond the observation that life is absurd. It is all debunking; it leads men nowhere. High irony, by contrast, is funny precisely because it retains a memory of man’s seriousness. It points man toward higher meanings by pointing out the absurdity, the baseness, and the limits of the low. To the high ironist, everything is not a game, and so he often treads dangerously on sacred ground; to the low ironist, by contrast, nothing is sacred, reverence is impossible, and the only salvation is that others are crazier than you are. Which explains, in part, why so many people watch daytime talk shows”the infamous Jerry Springer Show , for example”that turn men’s basest instincts into public spectacles.
The cynic, like the ironist, sees only the absurd and nothing beyond. Irony and cynicism are variations on a theme, which is why cynics are typically quite funny to the rest of us (at least for a while), if only partially so to themselves. The cynic expects the dark before even looking. He is blind to joy, blind to transcendence, blind even to the simplest goodness. The cynic’s heart has contracted, and his intellect is cold. The exacting cynic can be rather useful, since he sees through utopian schemes and sentimental solutions. He recognizes the limits of man but sees none of the possibilities. He offers no basis for restoration, no direction, no hope. All he sees is a world worthy of resentment, a world that brings only suffering and hypocrisy, a world that is ultimately silent and empty.
Dark irony”the irreverent blend of irony and cynicism”is the dominant sensibility in American popular culture. It combines the debunking style of the ironist with the cynical sense of life and death as profane fodder for amusement”a genre aptly titled “pulp fiction.” In the recent film by that name, for example, professional killers engage in trivial repartee as they load their weapons and head upstairs to do their work. Once inside, one of the killers (Samuel Jackson) admires the tastiness of a soon“to“be victim’s fast food burger and beverage, then immediately switches into the role of a dark prophet, reciting a passage about vengeance from the biblical book of Ezekiel before killing everyone in the room. In the wildly popular cartoon show and movie South Park , the running joke is that one of the children dies every episode, which his friends find wildly amusing. The show’s first episode”a bloody fight between Santa Claus and Jesus over who is the real Christmas hero”became a cult hit and led to cover stories in Newsweek and Rolling Stone .
The morality behind both Pulp Fiction and South Park is the same: death is funny, nothing is sacred, and everything is absurd. The thirst for meaning, order, and wholeness”which marked the philosophical absurdity of Samuel Beckett and Albert Camus”is gone. There are only fragments of sacred traditions, which are cut and pasted together with postmodern trivialities. There is no tragedy, because there is no longing for something better; there is only darkness, and the futile laughter of a trivializing culture.
Nor is this simply a chimerical culture without consequences. Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, the Littleton killers, “whooped and hollered like it was a game” (in the words of one of the survivors) as they acted out the “Gothic” roles glamorized by popular culture and murdered twelve of their classmates. The same nation that mourns over the mayhem at Littleton chuckles at the pop nihilism that comes out of Hollywood”and sees no contradiction.
Meanwhile, the philosophers teach us that art and reality are the same, since “reality,” including moral reality, is just an arbitrary construct. The deconstructionists and postmodernists who rule over the academy are simply ironists and cynics in different guises. The deconstructionist actively (and spitefully) debunks order and tradition. He attempts to show that morality and reason are illusions. Postmodernists, for their part, celebrate the splintering of morality as the happy emancipation of the mature self, who is left to cut and paste reality as he desires. “Postmodern ironists,” says Richard Rorty, are “never quite able to take themselves seriously” because they are “always aware that the terms in which they describe themselves are subject to change, always aware of the contingency and fragility of their final vocabularies, and thus themselves.” Many postmodernists celebrate the Internet as the structural underpinning of the postmodern world, since it allows individuals to adopt multiple personae, switch genders, and indulge whatever fantasies.
The college freshman, whose moral sensibilities have been shaped largely by the darkly ironic world of popular culture, arrives at the university with already diminished expectations. Instead of being led out of the cave, or at least pointed in the right direction, his professors tell him that irony is all there is, that his unsatisfying instincts are the summit of human understanding, that he has already arrived, because the destination is “nowhere and anywhere.” They tell him that “reality” is simply the “prisonhouse of language”; that life is merely an empty struggle between oppressors and oppressed; that eccentricity, revolution, and irony are the only “authentic” ways to live in the “abyss.” Most students, thankfully, settle for irony, which they already know. And in the end, the distance between philosophy and conventional sensibilities collapses: students leave just as they began”darkly ironic, with any vestiges of hope and wonder slowly dying inside them.
Therapy attempts to console such empty and wayward souls. In the therapeutic universe, the goal of human life is not virtue or grace but sanity and self“esteem. Therapy displaces the moral categories of good and evil, the philosophical categories of truth and falsehood, and the spiritual categories of reverence and faith. As sociologist James Nolan explains, “Where older moral orders looked to a transcendent being, to a covenantal community, to natural law, or to divine reason to provide the substantive basis for culture’s moral boundaries, the therapeutic ethos establishes the self as the ultimate object of allegiance.” This new focus on the self is not self“examination in the Socratic sense, since that would require some ultimate criteria, such as truth, God, or reality. Rather, the turn inward is wholly self“regarding; it is, at bottom, an act of desperation in the face of an empty culture.
For while postmodernists may celebrate the great divorce of the self from ultimate criteria, the ineradicable fact of suffering and death and the inherent human longing for meaningful order and social attachment dictate that some moral vocabulary will fill the void. Man cannot stand alone in the face of eternity: he needs the comfort of purpose, the peace of forgiveness, and the confidence of truth. The therapeutic ethic has attempted to fill the void by, as Anthony Giddens puts it, “dispensing with the great riddles of life in exchange for a modest and durable well“being.” It attempts to build an anesthetized Garden of Eden, redefining both sadness (now called “depression”) and sinfulness (now called “mental illness” or “addiction”) as chemical or psychological pathologies, thus recasting the cause of the primordial fall as a psychiatric disorder. Freud, who reinterpreted the panorama of human experience in pathological terms, provided the moral and cultural vocabulary for this fundamental shift in human self“understanding. In Freud’s universe, sanity is the best one can hope to achieve”an empty category when compared with biblical holiness, Christian grace, or philosophical ascent.
In the most sympathetic interpretation, the therapeutic ethic is a humanitarian, well“meaning effort to restore meaning and purpose to people’s lives by establishing the self as the “ultimate object of allegiance.” Therapy today attempts to overcome Freud’s tragic conclusion”namely, that the primal self conflicts with the demands of civilization”by freeing the self from all demands, restraints, responsibilities, and anxieties. Individuals turn inward, define themselves entirely by their subjective emotions, and become responsible only to themselves. The only external reference points are the interpretive frameworks of the therapists, who pathologize anxiety and transgression as a series of illnesses, such as “Impulse Control Disorder” and “Adjustment Disorder with Anxious Mood.” These classifications are taken from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorders, put out by the American Psychiatric Association, which estimates that “one in four adults will suffer from a mental illness or substance abuse disorder in any [given] year.” According to a recent Surgeon General’s report, one“half of all Americans will suffer from a mental illness in their lifetime.
But while therapy may temporarily pacify its patients, it does not inform man’s truest, most persistent longings; it does not help the “self” address the most important human questions. Instead, it creates a moral universe where nothing is demanded of individuals, who are reduced to mere creatures of appetite, prone to “emotional imbalances,” and so totally dependent on therapeutic drugs and experts.
By redefining responsibility inward, the therapeutic ethic devalues virtue, transcendence, and duty to others. The individual is left on shaky, unsatisfying ground, while all the worst features of modern society”atomization, fragmentation, sentimental response”are bolstered by a new class of therapists and counselors. Man is subdued but not saved, quieted but not answered, excused but not forgiven. And in the end, the therapeutic self”like the ironist, the cynic, and the drifter”cannot help but be moved by his own self“conscious mortality, by his experience of smallness, or by his ineradicable, as yet unanswered, spiritual needs. The humanness of human beings inevitably revolts. But without the old maps to guide them, the old traditions to direct them, or the old ideals to awaken them to their better angels, such revolt is either self“indulgent or utopian; and it leads only to disruption and despair.
Revolt has taken many forms in the modern age, but three predominate: revolt against the ordinary, against the political order, and against the transcendent. The first”revolt against the ordinary”spans human experience from the mundane to the drastic: tattoos, body piercings, daredevil stunts, abnormal eroticism. Of course, when informed by some noble purpose, an honest spirit, and the humility that befits man’s estate, this thirst for the extraordinary can lead to creativity and insight. But when transgression becomes a desperate act, a camouflaged cry in the wilderness, it corrupts both the individual and the city. The revolutionary screams out for a unique place in the universe, for meaning and purpose, for the thrill of extremes. But without any basis to discriminate, without reverence or humility, the revolutionary denies that much of what is ordinary is good. That, or his pride leads him to deny that norms, nature, or tradition apply to him.
Political revolt exaggerates the will to greatness or mere recognition into a social program. Having abandoned transcendent truths or the notion of God the Redeemer, revolutionaries embrace an apocalyptic politics. They claim to hold the secret”indeed, the destiny”to deliver man from wretched imperfection to this“worldly utopia.
Following Marx, the revolutionary frames his apocalyptic vision in populist terms; he promises to liberate the oppressed from the status“quo power structure. And yet, the typical revolutionary has nothing but contempt for the “small“minded morality” of ordinary people, who fail to join the revolution and instead place their hope in God and family. The revolutionary frames his program as the march of progress, the new beginning. But its reality is dark, as repeatedly failed attempts at the perfection or liberation of man lead to increasingly unsavory methods”what Lenin unapologetically called “cracking the eggs.”
The revolutionary is spiritually and metaphysically sick, which explains the desperation of his politics. He cannot accept the fact of human limitation, because he has rejected”or lost”the moral, philosophical, and religious ways of knowing that make limitation bearable and meaningful. He cannot accept the imperfectability of man or the apparent smallness of his own place in the universe. He cannot accept the slow, imperfect business of political reform or the anonymity of altruism; he wants, instead, to be the liberator of mankind. The revolutionary’s soul is hardened; he lacks what G. K. Chesterton called the “wondrous vision of the child.” Instead, he wants “peak experiences””such as acid trips or the momentary god experience of defying death. He has no time for kindness and no gratitude for life’s blessings or even life itself.
As with the therapeutic ethic, the revolutionary ethic recasts the theology of good and evil as a secular struggle: the power elite versus the oppressed; affirmative action supporters versus hate“mongers and racists; friends of the environment versus environmental Nazis; tolerant multiculturalists versus ethnocentric imperialists. And again, as with therapy, ideologies of liberation appeal to the desperate, the cynical, and those who simply long for the moral self“congratulation that seems to be missing from their modern cosmopolitan lives. As Vaclav Havel observed:
Ideology offers human beings the illusion of an identity, of dignity, and of morality while making it easier to part with them. As the repository of something “supra“personal” and objective, it enables people to deceive their conscience and conceal their true position and their inglorious modus vivendi, both from the world and from themselves . . . . It is a veil behind which human beings can hide their own “fallen existence,” their trivialization, and their adaptation to the status quo.
In an age of moral anomie, ideology promises order; it channels anxiety and especially resentment into a full“fledged moral, political, and teleological program. It gives extremism the appearance of heroism and ignores inconvenient facts in favor of unforgiving revolutionary action. The retreat into ideology splits the social world into irreconcilable camps, where public discourse becomes an impossible war of all against all and ideals become hollow tools of party and power. For those who fall prey to it, ideology really offers no dignity at all; it cannot speak to the deepest human longings in a satisfying way. It offers only struggle, and ends up reducing life to empty categories, constant revolution, and a quest for power only thinly veiled behind the utopian rhetoric of justice.
The final revolt is against the very ideas of good and evil; it is the last act in the modern drama of liberation, and Nietzsche is its playwright. Nietzsche’s superman accepts no truth that is not of his own making. He is a creator, a comic poet. He is totally free, bound by nothing except his own imagination, his shamelessness, and his creative transgression. In the end, however, he challenges mortality and loses. He closes the pathway to transcendence, and therefore eliminates the meaning of death”since, at best, he leaves an ambiguous mark on a world that he has defined as transient, arbitrary, and empty. He resents the silence of the universe; he resents the God who doesn’t exist; and so he attempts to become a god himself”and fails.
The revolutionary spirit thrives in certain pockets of American society: the university, the environmental movement, the bitter politics of race, large segments of the art world. Together with therapy, it is the false cure for the most self“hating members of the bourgeoisie”the comfortable winners, who feel guilty about their success and doubt the purpose of their lives. And so they tolerate revolutionary ideas, even celebrate them, as a way to supply their own ambition with a moral justification, their own cynicism with a program, and their own wealth and power with the nobility it seems to lack.
But the corrosive influence of the revolutionary ethic (especially the revolt against morality) extends far beyond the so“called cultural elite. For while most Americans still embrace notions of right and wrong, they are less willing and less able than ever before to judge between them. Most such men and women lead watered“down versions of the old bourgeois lives. But they take no particular pride in doing so and would never impose their “lifestyles” on others. They cling to the leftover capital of traditional morality, but they are less steadfast in defending virtue against those who zealously deny its claim.
Most Americans, thankfully, are neither revolutionaries nor drifters, the two deadening extremes of modern man’s spiritual sickness. They waver but do not fall (at least not too far). They occasionally shrug off the apparent meaninglessness of their lives, and so retreat into prosaic amusements and blank stares. They occasionally seek revolutionary answers to their spiritual problems. But for the most part, Americans chart a middle course. The problem, as Irving Kristol has observed, is that “the full range of man’s spiritual nature . . . makes more than middling demands upon the universe, and demands more than middling answers.”
Most Americans are decent, if at times morally lazy, a touch self“absorbed, and deficient in gratitude for the comforts they have come to think of as rights. They are loyal friends, coworkers, and teammates; they care about their children (which, in the age of divorce, often means making tolerable arrangements with their former spouses), take pride in their homes, and show up to work on time. Most Americans meet the demands of the day, even if they stumble occasionally. They are eminently practical, even if they sometimes seem oblivious to the deeper meanings that such practical wisdom ought to preserve.
In the balancing act of means and ends, the nation’s scales are tipped toward the means, which is perhaps the way it must be in stable and prosperous regimes. Americans are, with relatively few exceptions, well“housed, well“fed, and well“entertained, and thus rarely are they faced sharply with the fact of human limitation, except in sickness, tragedy, or war. (Though even war has become a distant, technological affair, especially for Americans, who have come to expect victories without losses and who have a diminishing memory of the experience of warfare.)
Americans embrace irony in their entertainments and cynicism when it’s fashionable. They never criticize their friends who see therapists or take Prozac, since they know, heaven forbid, that they could be next. They are cavalier, even“tempered, and comfortable. But there is a spiritual restlessness about them, a vague disquiet with business as usual. They are short on gratitude but have “volunteer” written down somewhere on a things“to“do list. They always send a check to their favorite charity, when they are not worn down by “compassion fatigue.”
In short, most Americans are realists and egoists”not the cold, contemptuous individuals portrayed by Ayn Rand, but the considerate sort, who open doors, help with the dishes, and take pride in being kind and generous, assuming the sacrifice is not too great. Such individuals are rationally moral”they do what’s right because it’s right, ultimately, but also because it preserves the right appearances. Egoists are ambitious; they seek prestige, originality, and influence as the most important achievements. But they are also realists; they are worldly and calculating, and tend to preserve and build (usually wealth) rather than deconstruct. They are not, at bottom, driven by a love of material goods (though they are attentive consumers), but by the desire for autonomy”and specifically, the desire to build for themselves and their families a suburban air“conditioned shelter from the uncertainties and impersonalities of modern life. Their ultimate goal is to retire early so that they can “do what they really want to do””which is usually something admirable, such as spend time with their families, or something harmless, such as play golf.
For most such egoists, pursuit of self“interest is moderated by other longings”a real desire to do good, love of family and friends, a sense of honor and decency. In short, most egoists have limits, and the drives of their ego are tempered by the realization that life alone, even life at the top, is lonely and unsatisfying. The torment of the egoist is in trying to balance what often appear to him as competing goods”between work and family, success and leisure, ambition and virtue. The egoist struggles to see the good, and often experiences life as an endless calculation of means and ends, where both the efficacy of the means and the meaning of the ends are perpetually uncertain. He is often torn between his hardened worldly self and his wish to lead a more charitable life. He struggles with the periodic realization of his own limits, the pangs of his conscience, and his longing for deeper meanings. He wavers between satisfaction and angst, all the while making sure not to lose ground in the social world of reputation and reward, always making sure to get things done, even if he is never certain why he does them and is never entirely satisfied with the results.
The instincts of the bourgeoisie are to be admired, not criticized. But these instincts are not enough for a complete life; they are the means, not the end; the tools, not the design. Many Baby Boomers, now in their forties and fifties, have begun to realize that comfort and security are important but limited. Confronted ever more clearly with the fact of their own mortality, they are beginning to consider the fundamental questions of existence, which they have ignored, feared, or actively forgotten for much of their lives. They are beginning to realize, in a deeper way, their own limits”not just the final limit of death, but their own growing anxiety about the “why” of existence and the robustness of their souls.
The spiritual searches of Baby Boomers have taken many directions, some admirable and ennobling, others drastic and destructive. Some renounce the world as fallen and proclaim themselves as among the few who will be saved”the Denver“based “Concerned Christians” cult, for example, whose members were deported from Israel last year for plotting a gunfight in the belief that it would hasten the apocalypse. Others are sentimental; they celebrate the “oneness of all things” and the “inner child” who can do no wrong. Some want to spiritualize their workaday lives”evident in best“selling books like The Tao of Abundance and What Would Buddha Do? 101 Answers to Life’s Daily Dilemmas . Others have abandoned modern life altogether; they retreat to ashrams in the Himalayas, wellness centers, or underground swamis. Or they join strange, often ruinous cults, such as the Raelians and Heaven’s Gate.
But the best among them, the true seekers, just want to be better human beings; they are, as philosopher Peter Emberley puts it, “simply looking for a little grace and an opportunity to express indebtedness, fidelity, and reverence.” They seek, above all, a source of forgiveness for their shortcomings and a source of strength in their quest for self“renewal, which neither irony nor cynicism, therapy nor revolution, can ever truly provide.
The modern age is tremendous for its accomplishments: wealth, comfort, more equal opportunity, scientific discovery. But despite its achievements, modernity lacks answers to man’s fundamental questions; it lacks the transcendent vision that makes life joyful and death meaningful; and, as Daniel Bell and others have observed, its very success often undermines its virtues. Wealth degenerates into indulgence; tolerance degenerates into unthinking relativism; science without philosophy reduces man to a laboratory study; technology without humility tempts him into dangerous projects, such as cloning, and into the illusion of divinity and immortality. For all his accomplishments, modern man needs his ancient forebears, who provide better answers to his most enduring questions.
Indeed, as Leon Kass and others have argued, the prospect of genetic engineering brings modernity to a crossroads. It raises once inconceivable questions: Do humans have to die? Is the purpose of knowledge to overcome death? To the scientists and technologists on the “cutting edge,” immortality is the final triumph of man over nature; man becomes the irreverent creator, the technological superman (or at least some men do, while the rest of us, like it or not, are condemned to live in the dystopian world they are creating).
The ancients knew better, and it is to their old wisdom that modern man must return. In both the classical and biblical vision, death awakens man to the preciousness of life; mortality awakens him to the possibility of transcendence; and constant recognition of his own imperfection reminds him of the need for restraint and repentance.
In his misplaced quest for autonomy”freedom from want, freedom from morality, freedom from death”modern man has forgotten how to see; he has turned his back on his essential nature. He treats the human experience of incompleteness”the fact of suffering, alienation, and death”as a problem to be solved, a sickness to be cured, a stirring to be forgotten. And so he forgets what his wise and wondering ancestors remembered”that man is not fully of this world; that the beginning of wisdom is not only realizing the limits of one’s knowledge but the ultimate meaning of one’s limits.
Reverence is not dead in America, as the religious response to the Littleton massacre, the continuing strength of faith in the most degraded parts of America’s inner cities, and the recent surge of public“policy interest in faith“based organizations all demonstrate. The military code still honors and preserves the virtues of courage, discipline, and temperance. The motto “In God We Trust” remains at the center of American self“understanding.
Even as the disorders of the age continue to worsen, there are signs of an awakening. The modern age of religious wandering is approaching the top (or bottom) of its (inverse) crescendo: some, thankfully, want to live again or for the first time by different notes, better notes, older notes. They want to restore the tattered old maps that they know to exist. It is too soon to tell whether the spiritual seekers of our age can restore modernity from within, or even restore faithful platoons inside the spiritual desert: the crescendo may be too loud, the wandering may continue indefinitely. But that is no reason not to hope, no reason not to wonder, no reason not to yearn for holiness in a disenchanted age.
Eric S. Cohen is Managing Editor of the Public Interest. | <urn:uuid:999479bc-7aaa-4ea8-a5b1-5fddbeb85083> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.firstthings.com/article/2000/05/to-wonder-again | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.94971 | 7,324 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Is Rebuilding Storm-Struck Coastlines Worth The Cost?
One year ago Tuesday, Hurricane Sandy bore down on the East Coast, devastating shoreline communities from Florida to Maine.
Many of these areas have been rebuilt, including the Long Beach boardwalk, about 30 miles outside New York City. Officials held a ribbon-cutting ceremony for the new boardwalk Friday.
Ninety percent of the funding for the restoration came from the federal government. The Federal Emergency Management Agency paid $44 million to repair the devastation.
Jack and Roseanne Vanderbeck love the new boardwalk. They come every weekend to power walk along the beach.
"I missed it last winter," says Jack Vanderbeck. "The old boardwalk actually was getting beat up a lot. This is much easier to walk on. People now don't get splinters."
"It's really beautiful," his wife adds. "They really did a great job."
But should the federal government pay for shore restorations, when the beaches are sure to be hit and damaged by future storms?
Rob Young, who directs the Program for the Study of Developed Shorelines at Western Carolina University, is one of many geologists who say taxpayers are shelling out too much cash to rebuild coastal areas that will continue to be ravaged by the effects of climate change.
"After storms, the federal government creates this moral hazard, in my opinion," Young says. "We spend billions of dollars rebuilding coastal communities, a lot of it in place."
The argument for the spending is that the coastal economy is worth the money. But Young asks, "If the coastal economy is that strong and vibrant, why can't they pay for the risk of being here themselves?"
Stay Put Or Retreat?
Young suggests that some coastal areas should be abandoned altogether because climate change is eating away at the nation's shorelines.
"The primary response post-Sandy has been to elevate some homes and elevate some infrastructure," he says. "So it's like you're standing in the river and the flood is coming, and instead of getting out of the river, you just roll up your pant legs, or hike up your skirt."
Besides Long Beach, other parts of the New York area were hit hard by Hurricane Sandy, including lower Manhattan. Damages, including lost economic activity, were estimated at close to $20 billion.
Mayor Michael Bloomberg set up a task force to look at how the city could better protect itself from a rising sea level and increasing storm events linked to climate change. Seth Pinsky, who ran that task force and is now executive vice president of RXR Realty, agrees that certain parts of Manhattan are vulnerable during storms.
But Pinsky says retreating is not an option.
"We're dealing with 400 years of settlement here in New York City," he says. "In New York today, we have 70,000 buildings — representing over 500 million square feet of built area — that are in our 100-year flood plain. The idea that we're going to be able relocate those people, their jobs, their homes, that built infrastructure in any foreseeable future is just not realistic."
An Expensive Precedent
People like Charlie Minch love the beach and the new boardwalk. He drives here a couple times a week with his sister, Carol Halmy.
"It's nice," Minch says. "The boardwalk itself is nice. And it gives me something to do."
His sister says it's "certainly worth the money they put into it."
But geologist Rob Young says that sooner or later the money it takes to rebuild coastal areas — storm after storm — isn't going to be worth it anymore. Making that case to the people who live here, though, will be difficult.
"Any discussion of changing the way we do business at the coast and potentially not rebuilding some areas makes local residents nervous," Young says. "The issue is how long into the future can we afford as a nation to hold every shoreline — on East Coast to the Gulf Coast and the West Coast — in place."
Last week, the Department of the Interior released $162 million for research and restoration to protect the Atlantic Coast. The money will go to 45 projects, from Maine to North Carolina. Such funding sets an expensive precedent, Young says.
"If we have a big storm that hits Florida now, they are going to expect the same," he says. "They are going to expect the federal government to come in and rebuild beaches from Miami to Jacksonville. Can we afford to do that?"
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org. | <urn:uuid:ca8f0bfa-55fa-4260-8e24-51e290c4ef36> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kuer.org/2013-10-27/is-rebuilding-storm-struck-coastlines-worth-the-cost | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.967894 | 955 | 2.46875 | 2 |
[ntp:questions] Google and leap seconds
stenn at ntp.org
Thu Sep 22 02:15:20 UTC 2011
> On 2011-09-21, Harlan Stenn <stenn at ntp.org> wrote:
> > Bill wrote:
> >> On 2011-09-21, Harlan Stenn <stenn at ntp.org> wrote:
> >> > Bill wrote:
> >> >> Some operating systems (eg Linux) have the ability to do a much faster
> >> >> than 500PPM rate change (100000PPM in the case of Linux) but ntp does
> >> >> not make use of that.
> >> >
> >> > ... because it would violate the assumptions and rules about the loop
> >> > behavior (I'm painting with a wide brush here). If you want a system
> >> ? But that 500PPM was an arbitrary and random value chosed X years ago.
> > "Arbitrary and random" sounds like Spin to me.
> > It was several sigmas bigger than the expected worst-case "acceptable"
> > clock drift.
> And it could have been 1000 PPM or 2000 AFAIK, and it would not have
> made any difference.
At some levels, sure. But a step is an indication that something is
*wrong* and it is a perfectly reasonable and normal design decision to
state that the clock freq is within some given range, and once it is
there one should *only* see a step if there is a problem.
And if it takes 2000 seconds to add in a slewed leap-second at 500ppm,
it would take 1000 seconds at 1000ppm, and 500 seconds at 2000ppm.
Arbitrary numbers again, or are there specific constraints you are
trying to hit by changing that value?
The POSIX folks made a choice about leap seconds, and that choice was
clearly sub-optimal, and now we're dealing with that friction.
>> What are the effects of a different (presumably larger) value going to
>> have on the behavior of the loop?
> Why should it have any effect? steps do not appear to have any effect.
Statements like that cause me to wonder about you.
I suck at filter/oscillator theory and even I know that one cannot make
arbitrary changes to such a core value and expect the framework to
simply continue to work.
>> What will the effect be on other systems that "associate" with these
>> boxes that have the faster rate?
>>>> that is designed to work with a faster slew rate that's fine, but then
>>>> you also have to consider legacy and interoperability issues.
>>> sure. But what legacy issues do you have in mind?
>> machines that operate at the 500ppm limit that are now talking to
>> machines that operate at this new higher rate.
> Clearly if the machine is at the end of the chain, it should not
It could trigger steps where they would not have happened before. This
could cause time islands and oscillations.
NTP is robust. What you are currently advocating seems to fly in the
face of robust behavior.
What is your goal?
> If it operates as a server, the 500PPM system will fall behind until
> the rate drops and then will catch up. Or it will have an offset
> greater than .128ms and step.
But you are imposing your policy on others, apparently with no
justification for this change, and with no regard for the effects it
will have on their "systems".
>> Applications that "knew" that if a time correction was going to
>> happen, it would be at the 500ppm rate - this goes to data
>> correlation and timestamp sequencing.
> But ntpd is allowed to step, so it has to assume that an infinte rate is
So what? Steps SHOULD NOT HAPPEN. If they do, something is WRONG.
Find the problem and fix it.
And when ntpd steps, it changes its "state" to accomodate that rate change.
>> That's just 2 legacy issues off the top of my head.
>>> > It also goes to timestamp correlation issues.
>>> It would seem to me that a step (infinite PPM) would be far far worse.
>>> ntpd does NOT limit the slew rate to 500PPM. It limits it to infinite
>> And when it does it logs the event, so it is still traceable and
>> auditable. It's also an indication of "something is wrong, as this
>> should not have happened."
> But your questions where what happens to other systems. a drift of
> 500PPM for an hour is surely just as bad.
Why do you say 1 hour? Why do you maintain it "is surely just as bad?"
Exactly what problem(s) are you solving?
More information about the questions | <urn:uuid:c3af75d4-18f5-420e-a22c-8edb44953ae1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://lists.ntp.org/old-archives/questions/2011-September/030527.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.954615 | 1,133 | 2 | 2 |
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Americans packed up the moving vans and fled New Jersey and New York at a higher rate than any other state in 2020, with the U.S. migration patterns continuing to be to the West and South, according to the annual United Van Lines national migration study released Monday.
The study, which tracks moves using United Van Lines, found that Idaho was the highest percentage of inbound migration at 70 percent. New Jersey led the way for outbound traffic for the third straight year, with 70 percent leaving – followed by New York and Illinois (both at 67 percent).
“United Van Lines’ data makes it clear that migration to western and southern states, a prevalent pattern for the past several years, persisted in 2020,” said Michael A. Stoll, economist and professor in the Department of Public Policy at the University of California, Los Angeles. “However, we’re seeing that the COVID-19 pandemic has without a doubt accelerated broader moving trends, including retirement driving top inbound regions as the Baby Boomer generation continues to reach that next phase of life.”
After Idaho, the leading inbound states were South Carolina (64 percent), Oregon (63 percent), South Dakota (62 percent) and Arizona (62 percent).
The survey found that people are retiring to Delaware, which experienced a greater percentage of inbound moves for retirement at 41 percent, followed by Florida (39 percent) and South Carolina (38.5 percent).
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Hover over states on this map to see details on their inbound and outbound traffic for 2020. | <urn:uuid:cba317a0-e21f-42f6-a9b9-fbf4a85b626a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.themortgagenote.org/hello-idaho-adios-jersey-where-we-moved-in-2020/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.950033 | 454 | 1.75 | 2 |
Thursday, March 25, 6 pm
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Copresented by Dia Art Foundation and Magazzino Italian Art.
This conversation between Teresa Kittler, 2020–21 scholar-in-residence at Magazzino Italian Art in Cold Spring, New York, and Dia’s associate curator Matilde Guidelli-Guidi, will focus on the performative azioni (actions) of Mario and Marisa Merz. Supported by archival material and original research, the discussion will shed light on a lesser-known aspect of the artists’ practice and situate their actions within a broader history of performance.
Teresa Kittler is the 2020–21 scholar-in-residence at Magazzino Italian Art, Cold Spring, New York, and a lecturer in modern and contemporary art at University of York, England. She received her PhD at University College London in 2014. Kittler’s research focuses on artistic practices from 1945 to the present day, with a special interest in Italian postwar art and the work of artists Marisa Merz and Carla Accardi. Her most recent essays include “Marisa Merz: Actions, Interactions, and Performative Sculpture,” in Entrare nell’opera (2019) and “Reimagining the Family Album: Carla Lonzi’s Autoritratto (1969),” in Feminism and Art in Postwar Italy: The Legacy of Carla Lonzi (2020). Her current book project, Habitats: Art and the Environment Italy, 1945–1975, examines artistic practice in Italy through the lens of habitat in the three decades following World War II.
Matilde Guidelli-Guidi is Dia’s associate curator. She recently organized Mario Merz’s exhibition at Dia Beacon, which opened for long-term view on November 20, 2020. | <urn:uuid:451c6062-b3bd-440c-baa0-0d87a58cc379> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://diaart.org/program/past-programs/a-conversation-on-mario-and-marisa-merz-with-teresa-kittler-and-matilde-guidelli-guidi-dia-talks-2021-03-25/year/2021/page/3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.914058 | 405 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Furniture shopping can be a scary proposition for the uninitiated. You may end up spending more than you can spend way too much on furniture if you’re not prepared. This article provides the knowledge you require.
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G8 nations to take stock of development needs
Rich countries came up short on fund-raising promises for poor nations and will meet on Friday to figure out how to direct aid resources at a time when their own budgets are squeezed.
The Group of Eight nations meet in Huntsville, Ontario, north of Toronto, on Friday, having fallen an estimated $18 billion short of a 2005 pledge to raise their combined aid to the poorest countries by at least $50 billion.
The G8's meeting in the sleepy lakeside community provides a respite from Toronto's hectic urban pace and the difficult tasks that await the larger Group of 20 summit on Saturday and Sunday.
The United States, Britain, Canada, Japan, Italy, France, Germany and Russia make up the club of G8 members.
Although the G8 cannot avoid talking about its own economic troubles -- namely the strength of the global recovery and the state of public finances -- the smaller group wanted to carve out some time to discuss problems facing poor countries, G8 officials said.
Canada, host of the G8 and G20 meetings, wants to ensure that donor countries follow through on their commitments.
The hosts also want mother-and-child health and the rebuilding of Haiti from a devastating earthquake to be the focus, officials said. Haiti was invited to attend the G8 meeting along with Jamaica and some African countries.
The United States is pushing for more agricultural investment in Africa and has created a fund to boost food production in poorer countries.
The G8 will discuss progress toward meeting the eight U.N. Millennium Development Goals, or MDGs, on poverty by 2015. The group will also review the $18 billion shortfall in reaching the $50 billion total pledged in 2005 at the G8 summit in Gleneagles, Scotland.
The Gleneagles meeting also promised to provide an extra $25 billion a year for Africa as part of the overall $50 billion increase in financial assistance by 2010. Citing figures from the Paris-based Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the World Bank said the G8 had provided just $11 billion of the $25 billion for Africa.
Countries Urged to Live up to Aid Pledge
In a report prepared before the summits, the World Bank urged rich countries to make good on their aid pledges, warning that poor countries were vulnerable to any setbacks in the global economic recovery.
It urged rich countries to secure the economic recovery, arguing that the resources of poor states were already overstrained by the last two years of the economic crisis, which has hit exports and worker remittances.
Development groups called on industrialized countries to renew their aid commitments from Gleneagles, arguing that rich countries should not be let off the hook when many African governments had kept their pledges to follow policies that promoted growth and tackled corruption.
"We're asking them to make good on those pledges over the next two years," said Mark Fried, policy coordinator for international development group Oxfam. "They need to set clear targets to come up with the money they missed," he added.
Fried said African countries had lost an estimated $63 billion since the global financial crisis began in 2008 through lower export earnings from a collapse in demand and declines in foreign aid.
[Source: By Lesley Wroughton, Reuters, Toronto, 25Jun10]
Informes sobre DESC
|This document has been published on 12Jul10 by the Equipo Nizkor and Derechos Human Rights. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, this material is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes.| | <urn:uuid:d084b319-5f8e-4562-9109-1d63cc37897a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.derechos.org/nizkor/econ/finance16.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.952173 | 767 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Changing the Face of Health Care for Latinos/as
Every seat in the waiting room is filled and even some of the floor is occupied as children sprawl with crayons and coloring books. The patients at the Spanish clinic are waiting for Dr. Manuel Guillermo Herrera Acena, and when they see him walk in, the room lights up with a collective smile. He smiles back as he hurries to check in with Lucia Cardenas, the receptionist, and don his white coat.
Herrera Acena, a long time professor in the Harvard Medical School (HMS) and the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH), runs The Spanish Clinic of Brigham and Women’s out of the ambulatory building of the Harvard teaching hospital. In the late 1960s Herrera Acena observed that Latinos/as in the Boston area had trouble accessing adequate health care. “The barrier was not just linguistic,” he notes. “It was attitudinal, it was social, it was cultural, and the lack of congruence between the culture of the patient and the culture of the care giving institution really prevented good health care and humane and effective medicine.”
In 1971, with the approval of the director of Ambulatory Medicine, at what was then the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Herrera Acena began to hold one session a week of the outpatient practice in Spanish. “I wanted to give patients a kinder and more receptive ambience when they approached this enormous building,” he says. The Spanish clinic offered services in primary care, social services and mental health care. “The demand was there,” Herrera Acena says. “The clinic just took off.”
Today the clinic is open three evenings a week with a staff comprising five primary care doctors, a nurse practitioner, a nutritionist, a psychiatrist, a social worker, a receptionist, and medical students. Spanish is the official language, and staff are required to have an affiliation with Latin America as well. They see patients from Central and Latin America, mostly immigrants, mostly middle-aged, who have come to this country to improve their standard of living.
Social worker Julia E. Rodriguez says that Herrera Acena “is like a godfather to these people. That’s the first word that comes into my mind,” she adds laughing.
“When it’s the patient’s turn,” says Rosemary Byrne, the nurse practitioner, “it’s the patient’s turn. It’s their health issues, how’s the family, what’s going on at home. He’s not high tech and the patients really appreciate that. Dr. Herrera Acena is the last one to leave the clinic. Always. Time with patients is first and foremost.”
Byrne and the physicians on staff consistently see the same health problems among the patients — high blood pressure, high cholesterol, depression, and diabetes. Many of these problems can be traced to the host of issues they deal with as immigrants, which can either provoke poor health or worsen an existing condition. Herrera Acena cites the emotional stress patients experience due to loss of extended family, separation from familiar circumstances, and inadequate housing.
Rodriguez, a Dominican who lived in Puerto Rico, says she has a special affinity with the patients. She connects them to resources outside the clinic that may help them cope with their problems, especially housing issues, which she says are prevalent.
Herrera Acena, originally from Guatemala, received his medical degree from HMS in 1957. Early in his career he identified a lack of emphasis on nutrition in medical school curricula. His investigations led him to an assistant professorship at HSPH in the mid 1960s. Today Herrera Acena can take credit for work in several related areas: nutritional research in developing countries, a student exchange program at HMS, and the Spanish Clinic.
Herrera Acena’s work with nutrition has taken him around the world and led to collaboration with government agencies such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and UNICEF. In Sudan, he studied the effects of vitamin A supplementation on child mortality and morbidity, a project that involved 28,000 children. He was also the principal investigator in a joint study promoted by the Colombian government and the NIH, which studied the effects of malnutrition in pregnancy and early childhood.
“The hope is that some of our work gets translated into policy and action to solve the problems,” Herrera Acena states. “But those wheels turn very slowly, as you know. It’s difficult for agencies; many times for them doing research means diverting resources from their mission. So, I think it’s very important for organizations such as the World Bank and AID to fund medical research.”
Herrera Acena says he is especially pleased with the success of a student exchange program at the HMS he helped create in the 1970s. Fourth year medical students can sign up for Medicine 518, ‘Nutrition and Rural Medicine in Latin America.’ First they receive intensive instruction in Spanish; this portion of the course was developed by Professor Chad Wright, then at Harvard, now a professor of Romance Languages at Catholic University in Washington, D.C.
After this, the students spend two months abroad in a clerkship designed to give them medical experience in a Latin American setting. “Here they can perfect the language, they learn culture, and they learn the roots of many Latinos/as who live in the US who they may later work with. The students come back transformed.” Herrera Acena beams. “They come back really conversant in the culture, able to practice medicine in Spanish.”
Five hundred students have participated in the program so far; it continues to be a popular elective at HMS. In 1999, the PBS program La Plaza produced ‘Doctors for Two Worlds,’ a documentary which profiled a student as she progressed through the intensive Spanish course and her subsequent clerkship in Guatemala.
Students can travel to Ecuador, Bolivia, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Guatemala or Puerto Rico for their clerkship, Some of these sites send their medical students to HMS, as well, where they work with their American counterparts in Boston hospitals and help each other with cultural and language issues.
In Guatemala, the Universidad Francisco de Marroquin operates a health clinic where students from HMS work alongside their Guatemalan colleagues, who are newly graduated doctors. Supervision from senior physicians is limited, and some of the population speak only the native indigenous Cakchiquel.
Students who go to Bolivia work for the Fundacion San Gabriel, started by ___, the first woman in Bolivia to attend medical school. The foundation supports an 80-bed hospital in La Paz and satellite clinics in the surrounding barrios. Students divide their time between the hospital and clinics.
“The students stay in touch,” says Herrera Acena. “What is even more rewarding is that most of them are now resources for Latinos in the community.” He is pleased that he can refer his patients at the clinic to former students practicing in the area.
One of his biggest challenges at the clinic is space, physical and temporal. Because they see more and more patients, he and his associates would like to expand, but don?t have the space or the resources to do so.
Byrne and Rodriguez echo his frustration. Both would like to see the clinic hours expanded. Rodriguez says that she must do her follow-up work during the day while she is at another job. Byrne says that she has seen patients reluctant to come for an evening session when the seasons change. As it gets darker earlier, and when the weather is bad, patients do not want to wait on a dark street corner for a bus. She would like to see some daytime hours.
Herrera Acena continues to study the patient/health care relationship and finds that his efforts are improving patient health. He cites a diabetes program in which 20 patients meet on a regular basis, with clinic staff, over lunch. The goals are not only to disseminate information on treatment but more importantly to allow the patients a chance to talk about their lives in a relaxed atmosphere.
Herrera Acena recounts the diabetes lunch session earlier that day. At the beginning of the session, as they do each time, everybody’s blood sugar was measured. He invited the two with the highest readings to accompany him on a brisk walk. When they returned and their blood sugar was measured again, the levels had dropped by 1/3. This made quite an impression, he says, on all the members in the group.
This program was begun with the aid of Mercedes Barnet from the Office of Minority Health in the Department of Health. Another such effort is ongoing with asthma patients, a joint effort between Spanish clinic staff and Brigham’s asthma clinic.
Herrera Acena attributes the successes of his career to the people around him. But the awards that grace his office at HSPH indicate that he has played a vital role. The honor which touched him the most was one the HMS graduating class of 1996 created, along with the William Bosworth Castle Society (???). They presented him with a huipil, a hand embroidered blouse from Guatemala, and a plaque which reads: “To Manuel Guillermo Herrera Acena; For your tireless efforts teaching Spanish to generations of medical students, and single handedly arranging clerkships at rural health centers in Latin America; For your creation of the Brigham and Women?s Hospital Spanish Clinic, which for the past twenty-five years has provided invaluable service to the Latino community; And for your warmth, generosity and advice; We are indebted to you.”
Susie Seefelt Lesientre is a publications intern at DRCLAS for the fall semester. She is enrolled in the Certificate for Publishing and Communications program at Harvard Extension. In 1990 she received a Master’s degree in TESL; she has taught ESL in the US and abroad.
José Oscar Cotto López has donated 140 pints of blood since 1966. The 53-year old resident of San Salvador, El Salvador, does so because he believes it is an expression of love. “We must be…
On a hot, dusty day in the middle of a long drought, I attended a day-long assembly convened by the Ministry of Health’s Reproductive Health and Family Planning Program in Chulucanas, the…
As a family physician, I’ve always been interested in primary care and also in the broader perspective of health care systems focusing both on the individual patients and on populations… | <urn:uuid:33e5fe17-4e21-4135-a29f-4562a859f3b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://revista.drclas.harvard.edu/dr-manuel-guillermo-herrera-acena/page/2/?et_blog | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.968989 | 2,222 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Saturday, April 19, 2008
The year was 1870 and the venue was Durkut in Yasin valley. George Hayward, a geologist from Royal Geological Society of London kept sitting in his tent the whole night with a pistol in his hand and a rifle lying across the table suspecting some mischief on the part of Mir of Yasin valley and was apprehensive of Mir’s men. It was only in the wee hours of the morning when Hayward finally nodded that the watchful men of the Mir attacked and murdered George Hayward of Royal Geological Society of London. George Hayward, the geologist was apparently exploring the origins of Oxus River in the Pamirs. He started from Calcutta to Srinagar and trekked into Gilgit valley via Burzil pass in Astore. He was carrying loads of gifts with him for the local chieftains and perhaps this may be one reason for his murder. Hayward was traveling without the support of the British Government and Royal Geological Society. The reason was that he wrote an article in Calcutta Journal about the gory details of the human slaughter by Dogra forces of Kashmir in Yasin valley the previous season and because of this free journalism, Hayward had invited wrath of both the British Government and its obedient ally the Maharaja of Kashmir. The less said about the illustrious past of Colonial Britain is perhaps better.
So one story goes like that the Maharaja of Kashmir actually got Hayward killed through the incumbent Mir of Yasin valley as Maharaja was very furious over the writings of Hayward against the atrocities of his forces. Another story goes like that the Wali of Chitral was also interested in receiving the valuable gifts from George Hayward and prevailed upon the Mir of Yasin valley that Hayward may go to hell or another place of his liking but only after meeting His Majesty, the Wali of Chitral. So Hayward probably wanted to go strictly north and the local politics wanted him to go somewhat west towards Chitral. The argument cost Hayward his life. It is interesting to note that Hayward first met the Mir of Yasin valley in Yasin village and gave him the gifts and only then proceeded to Durkut in the northern most part of Yasin valley to get murdered at the hands of his supposedly host.
Yasin valley lies north of Gupis on the road from Gilgit to Shandoor. In the north the valley is bounded by Durkut Pass leading into Yarkhun in Chitral and onwards into Wakhan and Pamirs. The valley is bounded in the east by Ishkoman valley and in the west by Mastuj valley. It takes around three hours to reach the main Yasin village in Yasin valley from Gilgit.
The valley has an interesting history and remained under the control of China, Arabs, Central Asians and at times remained an independent state. The valley had a very strategic location in the lap of Pamirs separating the two greatest powers of the time i.e. Great Britain and Russia. History tells us about Russian agents standing at the top of Durkut Pass and Pamirs overlooking into the valley in 1890s however they later retreated never to be seen again. Similarly any conspiracy theory may make George Hayward actually a British intelligence officer rather than a geologist especially if one notes the time frame i.e. 1870, perhaps the great game between the two empires was in full swing.
So when one descends into the valley today on comfortable four wheelers, this historical baggage keeps one overawed with the significance this tiny state yielded in those days. In 1895, the Pamir Boundary Commission started its work with hundreds of officers and around 400 ponies to settle the boundaries of the two empires in this lawless frontier and the recommendations of the commission ended the dispute of frontiers. However with this agreement, Yasin valley lost its strategic significance and became just another small state of Colonial India.
The landscape is a typical mountain valley developed over centuries around a central small Yasin river, a tributary of Gilgit river. The water is turbid due to the sediments carried by it in sharp contrast to the turquoise green waters of Gilgit river. The road is paved and reasonable well maintained up till the shrine of Havaldar Lalik Jan Shaheed of Kargil War fame. Just after the Yasin bazaar and opposite to the NAPWD rest house is a dirt road that goes into a village along a ridge. Take this road and after some 500 meters, another small passage branches of at right angle to the dirt road. One may or perhaps may not see a huge boulder that has been blasted by some unscrupulous contractor to make way for some road. This boulder used to carry the name of George Hayward and an arrow showing the direction in which Hayward proceeded. The carving was done by Hayward as a signal for some British search parties who may come looking for him later on and this also shows that he had a good idea of the brewing conspiracies against him.
Yasin village has a good NAPWD rest house and a few small roadside hotels. However if you go to Yasin valley, the two must see places are the shrine of Havaldar Lalik Jan and the northern village of Durkut.
The shrine of Havaldar Lalik Jan is around one hour drive from the Yasin Bazaar. The Shahdat of this gallant soldier has brought a lot of development for the people of his village in the shape of paved road, schools and dispensaries. The shrine is aesthetically constructed and surrounded by well maintained lawns. The house of Lalik Jan is just besides the shrine however the widow of Lalik Jan now lives in Gilgit along with her children.
The scenic village of Durkut is about one and a half hour drive on a strictly jeepable track from the shrine. On the way, one crosses the northern area scouts check post set up to check the movement of any un-authorized foreigners especially from across the border from Afghanistan or Tajikistan. It may be a bit sensational to say that these un-authorized foreigners may one day include some gentlemen with millions of dollars as their head money. The road to Durkut is actually a passage in the wilderness with the jeep crossing formidable streams and negotiating some sharp turns and one wonders as to why people live in such inaccessible areas. On the way, one can see some small man-made water channels flowing against the natural gradient of slope backed by pressure of water, something difficult to accept for a logical mind unless of course one sees it for himself. This particular method of irrigation is common in many areas of the north.
And then one crosses a small wooden bridge to enter the village of Durkut. The Policeman at the local check post dutifully stops the tourists and enter the necessary details in his register. However due to the general prevailing situation, the good officer does not have to do much work these days. A glimpse at the valley at this point is rewarding with huge glaciers over looking the vast lush green meadows of the valley. The jeep track takes one further down into the village and onward into the valley and the scene becomes more eye-catching as one moves further although the road also becomes a bit more tricky. The best way to explore the village and valley is by doing a one or two nights camping in the vast meadows.
The valley leads further to Durkut Pass and thence into Yarkhun area of Chitral which borders Wakhan and Pamirs. Back to our dear George Hayward, it was here in this valley that he was killed. Another day and Hayward may have crossed the Durkut pass away from the sharp swords of the Mir’s men, in search of his ‘Origins of Oxus’. But this was not to happen and he was killed, taken back to Gilgit and buried their in Chinar Bagh on the banks of Gilgit river. The locals point to a couple of locations as a probable camping site of George Hayward but not with certainty. A bit of dedicated research may shed some light on the exact location of the camping site and any revelation in this regard would be a boon for the tourist potential of the valley.
It was heartening to note that the local administration is fully aware of its responsibilities and is working hard to develop the area. The administration is already trying to restore the Hayward rock near Yasin bazaar and is trying to point the camping site of George Hayward with the help of locals. A couple of small monuments elaborating the history of Yasin valley and the voyage of George Hayward in places like Yasin bazaar and Durkut valley would definitely boost the influx of both foreigner and local tourists. A small motel by Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation in the scenic valley of Durkut would be welcomed by both the arm chair luxury tourists as well as hard bodied trekkers wishing to explore Wakhan and Pamirs. | <urn:uuid:9134df36-07b4-4c83-b53d-35beaabbcd65> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://countryroads.pk/2015/08/20/following-george-hayward-to-oxus-yasin-valley/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.974282 | 1,812 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Locally produced raw honey is a miracle sweetener and touted cure-all…but 82% of households use processed honey. What’s the difference?
Incredible video showcasing Taco Bell’s new ‘green’ menu. Now they almost have NO environmental impact!
Hey, let’s face it, there’s no way to make the 4th of July green…but we can make it greenER. Check out these FUN tips to pull it off. | <urn:uuid:7ad4d913-4d2f-4384-acb5-5a27a12defb6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://green.thefuntimesguide.com/tag/organic-food/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.867522 | 101 | 1.5 | 2 |
Caves are a valuable natural resource that take hundreds of thousands of years to form and are home to unique and endangered species. However, even the slightest change in these environments can have detrimental effects to the cave chemistry and fauna. Our focus is the protect these delicate ecosystems so they can survive for generations to come.
We partner with universities, scientists, and environmental agencies to promote cave research, so that we can better understand and protect these resources. We play a significant role in endangered species monitoring, hydrogeologic studies, and WNS (white-nose syndrome) research.
We work closely with schools, youth groups, and other organizations to provide educational field trips at our preserves, as well as regularly hosting open houses at our preserves for the general public. These activities provide a rare first-hand experience of these underground worlds while we teach participants about caves and karst environments.
You can help.
The conservation work done by the TCMA is only possible with the support of people like you. Please consider volunteering your time, making a donation, or becoming a member. | <urn:uuid:bcbe845c-cef4-49cf-8c91-4452f85bee49> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tcmacaves.org/mission/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.945267 | 219 | 3.5625 | 4 |
Find the Help You Need
Managing pancreatic cancer requires a wealth of information. This comprehensive list of organizations and services will help patients and caregivers navigate this challenging disease.
Cancer Organizations and Associations
The National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship (NCCS)
Cancer advocacy group that promotes policy change to ensure quality cancer care.
Clinical Trial Search and Services
Many clinical trials are currently being conducted on pancreatic cancer. While we encourage you to use our clinical trial finder at Emerging Med, other clinical trial finders include:
Pancreatic Cancer Collective Supported Clinical Trials
National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health
Phone: 1.800.4.CANCER (1.800.422.6237)
Hospice and Palliative Care
American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine
Professional association for hospice and palliative medicine.
Hospice Care of America
Medications, medical equipment, counseling and innovative symptom management in addition to assistance with comfort, general support, personal care, encouragement and relief for caregivers.
Insurance and Financial Issues
The Assistance Fund
An independent charitable patient assistance organization that helps patients and families facing high medical out-of-pocket costs, has a copay assistance program for people living with pancreatic cancer. The program is designed to help eligible individuals pay for their out-of-pocket medical expenses related to pancreatic cancer, such as copays, deductibles, and coinsurance.
Loyola Law School, Los Angeles
Free, confidential information and resources on cancer-related legal issues to patients, families, friends, employers, healthcare professionals, and others.
Assistance Hotline: 1.866.THE.CLRC (1.866.843.2572)
MoneyGeek.com: Managing Finances and Covering the Mortgage During Cancer Treatment
Written by Deb Gordon, author of The Health Care Consumer’s Manifesto
National Association of Community Health Centers, Inc.®
Community Health Centers serve as the primary medical home for more than 27 million people in 10,400 rural and urban communities across America.
Information for people with cancer and their families and caregivers from the American Society of Clinical Oncology.
Coping With Cancer Magazine
Easy-to-read magazine about coping with cancer.
Let’s Win! Pancreatic Cancer
Patients and caregivers share information about new, innovative pancreatic cancer treatments and learn about the latest research breakthroughs.
Medline Plus Health Information
Information from the National Library of Medicine written at the patient level.
Medical information and continuing education for clinicians.
Information for patients and healthcare providers written by oncologists.
Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania
3400 Spruce Street, 2 Donner
Philadelphia, PA 19104-4283
Clinical studies on MEDLINE and other related databases. In addition to brief abstracts from technical journals, PubMed offers frequently asked questions, news and clinical alerts.
The Cancer Letter
Cancer research and drug development.
Weekly medical publication on a variety of topics including oncology.
Counseling and support groups over the phone, online and in-person, educational workshops, publications and financial and co-payment assistance.
NCI’s LiveHelp Service
Specialists answer questions about cancer, clinical trials and the process of quitting smoking. LiveHelp is confidential and does not provide specific medical advice.
Pancreatic Cancer Connections
A partnership between the Lustgarten Foundation, Let’s Win! Pancreatic Cancer and Inspire, Pancreatic Cancer Connections is an easy-to-use, online support community where patients and their loved ones can communicate about pancreatic cancer with others on the same journey.
Travel and Housing Services
The Air Care Alliance
Nationwide association of humanitarian flying organizations. Members have safely flown over 24,000 patients to and from medical treatments.
Corporate Angel Network, Inc. (CAN®)
Charitable organization whose sole mission is to transport cancer patients to the hospital where they need to receive a specialized form of treatment.
Patient AirLift Services (PALS)
Arranges free air transportation for individuals requiring medical diagnosis, treatment or follow-up who cannot afford or are unable to fly commercially.
Healthcare Hospitality Network
Nationwide association of more than 200 nonprofit organizations that provide lodging and supportive services to patients and families with medical emergencies.
Patient Travel Referral Program
Information about charitable, long-distance medically-related transportation and referrals to sources of help available in the national charitable medical transportation network.
Apps and Webinars
Designed by doctors, patients and caregivers, Canceraid is the number one cancer app in the U.S., U.K. and Australia.
Webinar by Johns Hopkins
30-minute webinar which provides information about surgery, chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
Registries, Screening Centers and NCI-Designated Cancer Centers
Familial registries are powerful resources to gain a better understanding of pancreatic cancer. The following registries are set up to identify families in which multiple members have been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Researchers search for genes that may be the cause of pancreatic cancer. It is hoped that early detection methods and novel treatments will result from these efforts.
Contact: Chinedu Ukaegbu, MBBS, MPH
Indiana Familial Pancreatic Cancer Roster
Screening Centers and Programs
CAPS is for those considered at high risk for pancreatic cancer due to a family history or genetic mutation. Participants are offered genetic counseling and pancreatic screenings. that may include a combination of endoscopic ultrasonography, MRI, and CT scans. The CAPS study is taking place at eight institutions across the country. Contact information for each participating center can be found here.
MD Anderson Cancer Center
The Pancreatic Cancer Moonshot™ initiative includes methods to identify pancreatic cancer earlier and provide a multidisciplinary clinic for individuals at high risk of pancreatic cancer.
The Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin Clinical Cancer Center
Greater Midwest Pancreatic Cancer Screening Clinic
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center
The National Familial Pancreas Tumor Registry (NFPTR) and the Multidisciplinary Pancreatic Cyst Program are programs of the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center.
Cyst Program: 410.955.5800
New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center
Muzzi Mirza Pancreatic Cancer Prevention and Genetics Program
Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University
Gastrointestinal Cancer Prevention Clinic
University of Virginia Health System Emily Couric Clinical Cancer Center
High Risk Pancreatic Cancer Clinic
University of Washington Division of Gastroenterology
Familial Pancreatic Cancer & Surveillance
Gastroenterology Clinic at Harborview
This center is for patients with a strong family history of pancreatic cancer who are interested in surveillance.
Yale School of Medicine
Pancreas Disease Program
333 Cedar Street
New Haven, CT 06510
National Cancer Institute Designated Cancer Centers
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is a federal agency for cancer research and training. The NCI Cancer Centers are recognized for scientific leadership and resources. The Comprehensive Cancer Center designation is reserved for those centers with the highest achievements in cancer research, clinical care, education, and community contributions. Studies show being treated at NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers leads to better survival and recovery rates due to the level of care, diverse oncology disciplines, subspecialty expertise and multidisciplinary teams as well as access to clinical trials.
The NCI recognizes 2 types of centers: *Cancer Centers and **Comprehensive Cancer Centers.
Each type of center has special characteristics and capabilities for organizing new programs of research that can take advantage of significant new findings and address timely research questions. It is important to note, however, that the terms Comprehensive Cancer Center and Cancer Center do not denote a difference in the quality of care provided to patients.
A list of these centers can also be found at www.cancer.gov/research/nci-role/cancer-centers or by calling 1.800.4.CANCER.
**University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center
Toll-Free: 1.800.822.0933 (1.800.UAB.0933)
**UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
University of California at San Francisco
Appointments & Physician Referral Service: 1.888.689.8273
International Inquiries: 415.353.8489
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
*Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center
Appointments & Referrals: 317.944.0920
**Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center
University of Maryland
Main and New Appointments: 410.328.7904
*David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
**University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center
University of Michigan
Cancer Answer Line: 1.800.865.1125
**University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center
In New Mexico: 1.800.432.6806
**Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University
**The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
**Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Phone: 214.645.HOPE (4673)
Toll-Free: 866.460.HOPE (4673)
**Fred Hutchinson/University of Washington Cancer Consortium
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
New patients/intake: 206.288.1024 | <urn:uuid:d1023167-79a7-4bff-8834-41b826f7b7c8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lustgarten.org/living-with-pancreatic-cancer/navigating/find-support-resources/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.845514 | 2,624 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Understanding Health Inequalities and Justice: New Conversations across the Disciplines. Mara Buchbinder, Michelle Rivkin-Fish, and Rebecca Walker, eds. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016, 350 pp.
Understanding Health Inequalities and Justice: New Conversations across the Disciplines interrogates the theoretical and methodological assumptions behind common approaches to and policies surrounding health inequalities in the United States today. The editors—two anthropologists and one philosopher, all bioethicists—open with a series of heady introduction questions: What is justice? Inequality? Inequity? How should health-promoting resources and health care be distributed, to whom, by what criteria, and for which objectives? The next 11 chapters analytical perspectives from anthropology, bioethics, epidemiology, health policy, history and philosophy of medicine, law, medicine, nursing, philosophy, public health, and sociology.
Understanding Health Inequalities and Justice is a jewel in the interdisciplinary edited volume genre. Largely, this is due to the exceedingly careful editing by Mara Buchbinder, Michelle Rivkin-Fish, and Rebecca Walker. There is no slippage from the book’s overarching goal in any chapter. “It is our hope,” the editors write, “that empirical researchers might find their work enriched by normative debates regarding what constitutes justice, what justice requires, and where (on whom) various moral obligations lie” (p. 25). The introductory chapter discusses several theoretical frames for interdisciplinary discussion on health inequalities.
Broadly, these frames include justice theories, virtue ethics, distributive mechanisms, equality and equity, human rights, well-being, and welfare. Each subsequent chapter is organized identically: abstract, introduction, identification of a connection to specific conceptual approaches or terms in other chapters, exposition, and a discussion or conclusion that illustrates the connection to other chapters. The introductory chapter and the constancy of chapter structure are lynchpins for the book’s wide-ranging topics, which range from epidemiological and philosophical critiques of how inequalities are measured; to policy analyses (linguistic, constructivist, public health) of the Affordable Care Act and Healthy People 2010 and 2020; to case studies critiquing the liberal autonomous subject and the notion of patient-centered care; to constructions of risk in pregnancy care; to a grounded ethnographic analysis of oral health.
The three sections of the book are grouped by their orientation to understanding health inequality. Part I critically examines theoretical and pretheoretical assumptions about measurements and interventions related to health inequalities. For example, Eva Feder Kittay considers how normative assumptions of autonomy used with the intent to provide patient-centered care in American biomedical practice inadvertently reinforce health inequalities. Part II anchors Part I’s critiques in grounded, diverse experiences of health inequalities. Much like the book’s project itself, Paul Brodwin’s chapter in Part II tests the proposition that “experience-far and experience-near genres of ethical expression” of respect and recognition are sufficiently commensurate to start a dialogue to improve care, in this case psychiatric care, for the most vulnerable (p. 185).
Part III deconstructs and traces the cultural production of policy and policy implementation relative to health inequalities. In her chapter in Part III, Carolyn Moxley Rouse examines how and why Healthy People 2010 largely failed in its goal to reduce racial and ethnic health disparities due to incomplete, selective incorporation of data during its construction. Rouse draws on years of ethnographic work with African American children with chronic illness or disability, their families, and their clinicians to throw into relief-embedded assumptions about cultural homogeneity among racial minorities and biomedical practitioners in Healthy People 2010. Overall, Understanding Health Inequalities and Justice ties into ongoing and emerging discussions in medical anthropology on measurement, surveillance, and risk; health care reform, particularly the Affordable Care Act; knowledge production in biomedicine and health policy; and research ethics and medical subject-making.
Rather than discussing weaknesses, I would offer a suggestion to the reader: Unless you have significant training in bioethics or philosophy, spend the time necessary to digest the concepts in the Introduction. There, the editors clearly define key terms essential to the text: justice, inequality, inequity, and human rights. The authors take the time to do so for good reason. Just as anthropologists are suspicious when other disciplines co-opt ethnography without grounding in the requisite canon, so, too, should we be careful when employing concepts that have emerged from hundreds of years of conversation about the nature and value of justice, virtue, and egalitarianism. Deeply complex, each term in the introductory chapter is prone to misuse or application if poorly understood, as they often are in public discourse or in academic discussions outside of philosophy and bioethics. It would be difficult for a bioethics novice to fully absorb the terms in the Introduction without reference to other works in virtue ethics, egalitarianism, and justice. The authors neatly lay out the concepts and theories, but especially for students, the introductory chapter will likely require time to absorb, additional reference resources, and in-depth discussion.
What philosophy, anthropology, and the dozen or so other disciplines represented in the text share is their commitment to fine-grained analyses of what health inequality means in the United States today. The book not only intends to speak directly across disciplines—it actually does so. It will be of interest to any medical anthropologist who works in health justice and equality, human rights, critical studies of big data, and research ethics, as well as the many medical anthropologists who have cross-appointments in schools of medicine, public health, nursing, and related areas. I envision the book in graduate seminars in any discipline represented in the authors’ bios, but especially in bioethics, medical anthropology, medical humanities, public health, and health policy. It could be an anchor text for a capstone research or service-learning undergraduate course in each of these disciplines or medical school research practicum. Given the enduring nature of health inequalities and increasing efforts to work across disciplines to ameliorate them, Understanding Health Inequalities and Justice could be used creatively as a guide for interdisciplinary curricular, program, or research core building around health equity. | <urn:uuid:c20403da-d2d3-4916-ae1f-6f0fa30b63c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://medanthroquarterly.org/archives/bookreview/review-of-understanding-health-inequalities-and-justice-new-conversations-across | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.919102 | 1,294 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Helicopters while being versatile are quite bound when it comes to landing and taking off. They require a flat surface for executing both and such ideal scenarios can hardly be found in rescue and combat missions. The current array of helicopters relies on simple skid or wheels landing gear that requires the machine to remain level in order to avoid tipping the rotors. DARPA has demonstrated a new robotic landing gear system in an unmanned flight near Atlanta, Georgia. The landing gear system allows helicopters to land on broken or uneven terrain while sporting a high degree of safety.
The robotic landing gear is being developed by the Georgia Institute of Technology under funding from DARPA’s Mission Adaptive Rotor (MAR) program. The recent flight was demonstrated at the DARPA’s ‘Wait, What? A Future Technology Forum’ held in St. Louis.
The adaptive system comprises of a 4-legged undercarriage that is installed instead of the standard landing gear. The end result is four independently articulated legs that impart the feeling of helicopter being able to walk away on its legs. However, these legs fold up against the fuselage of the ship once the helicopter takes off and only extend when it has to land. Each of the four legs sports a force-sensitive contact sensor located in its foot and all of them work in collaboration while a computer performs real time calculations of the best angles that the legs need to be set to in order to keep the helicopter stable and leveled without risking the rotor making contact with the ground.
As per DARPA, the new landing gear can be installed easily and adds only a modest weight to the helicopter while reducing the risk of damage from hard landings by 80% and allows to set helicopters down on 20-degree slopes. Check out the video below to see this amazing gadget in action. | <urn:uuid:e9df7539-d21a-4662-9d17-66177801505b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wonderfulengineering.com/darpa-unveils-robotic-landing-gear-for-helicopters-that-can-change-shape/amp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.941833 | 368 | 2.828125 | 3 |
China Business Council for Sustainable Development (CBCSD) was founded in October, 2003, and is a coalition of leading Chinese and foreign enterprises registered and operating in China, and was established as a national organization through the Ministry of Civil Affairs, PRC. Committed to implementing the guidelines and policies of the scientific outlook on development and establishing a harmonious society, CBCSD provides a platform for exchange and cooperation among corporations, governments and social communities, aiming at facilitating the development of sustainable business.
CBCSD is China’s first CEO-led and member-driven social organization in the sustainable development field that initiated by the business community. CBCSD provides the government and stakeholders with a platform on sustainable development by connecting enterprises from various sectors both in China and abroad.
Besides, as a Global Network Partner of WBCSD, CBCSD assists WBCSD to implement relevant projects in China, facilitating the cross-border cooperation and advocating communicating Chinese business’s prospective on sustainable development issues. CBCSD facilitates the interactions between Chinese enterprises and world leading corporations, enhancing the involvement of Chinese business in global communications. Global cooperation on focus areas are launched: | <urn:uuid:79339b1a-7319-48c2-81b4-b9f25f489f67> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wbcsd.org/eng/Overview/Global-Network/Regions/Asia/China/China-BCSD-CBCSD | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.93048 | 297 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Yoga and meditation may do more than just help you feel relaxed in the moment. A new scientific review suggests that these and other mindfulness exercises can actually reverse stress-related changes in genes linked to poor health and depression.
In the new paper, published in Frontiers in Immunology, British researchers analyzed the findings from 18 previously published studies—involving a total of 846 people—on the biological effects of meditation, yoga, breathing exercises, Qi gong and Tai Chi. Together, the authors say, the studies show that these mind-body exercises appear to suppress the expression of genes and genetic pathways that promote inflammation.
Inflammation can temporarily boost the immune system, and can be protective against infection and injury, the authors write in their paper. But in today’s society, in which stress is primarily psychological, the body’s inflammatory response can become chronic and can impair both physical and mental health.
Researchers found that people who practiced these activities regularly had fewer signs of inflammation, including a decrease in their production of inflammatory proteins. This signals “the reversal of the molecular signature of the effects of chronic stress,” they wrote, which may translate to a reduced risk of inflammation-related diseases and conditions.
Environment and lifestyle can both affect which genes are turned on and off, and that can have real effects on disease risk, longevity and even which traits get passed on to future generations. Stressful events, for example, can activate the fight-or-flight response and trigger a chain reaction of stress-related changes in the body—including activating specific genes involved in making proteins that produce inflammation.
Lead author Ivana Buric, a PhD student in Coventry University’s Brain, Belief and Behaviour Lab in England, says her team was surprised to see that different types of mind-body techniques had such similar effects at the genetic level. “Sitting meditation is quite different than yoga or Tai Chi,” she said in an email, “yet all of these activities—when practiced regularly—seem to decrease the activity of genes involved in inflammation.”
This is a relatively new field of research, she adds, and it’s likely that similar benefits could be obtained from other lifestyle changes like healthy eating and exercise. There aren’t yet enough studies to know how activities like yoga compare to other types of physical activity in terms of altering gene expression.
Buric says the existing studies suggest that mind-body interventions “cause the brain to steer our DNA processes along a path which improves our well being.” She also emphasizes that inherited genes are not static and that DNA activity can depend on things people can control. “By choosing healthy habits every day, we can create a gene activity pattern that is more beneficial for our health,” she says. “Even just 15 minutes of practicing mindfulness seems to do the trick.”
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- Want to Do More Good? This Movement Might Have the Answer | <urn:uuid:07c7e893-b848-478a-ac39-77bf2f8e5b56> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://time.com/4822302/yoga-meditation-genes-stress/?cid=2017012&XID=time-health-hub | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.946029 | 729 | 3.09375 | 3 |
The College Board says it will consider heeding calls from college-admissions counselors to give students the option of taking the three parts of the SAT separately, instead of at a single sitting.
Counselors at 200 high schools and some college-admissions officers last month signed a letter to the New York City-based College Board, which sponsors the entrance exam, expressing concern that the test’s length of three hours and 45 minutes has become a burden on students. The test, formerly in two parts, is now divided into portions assessing mathematics, critical reading, and writing.
A spokeswoman for the College Board said this was not the first time that a suggestion to split the test had been made. “We’ve been looking into the possibility over a period of time and will take into note suggestions made” by the college counselors, said Caren Scoropanos.
But she said the board needs to consider such factors as whether splitting the test would unfairly benefit wealthier students, who can afford to take the test more than once.
“The SAT has to be a consistent measure over time and over the years,” she said. | <urn:uuid:8caaef26-07c7-4659-8740-06188c180aac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.edweek.org/education/college-board-urged-to-split-sat-sessions/2005/12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.968237 | 236 | 1.867188 | 2 |
By a Newsnet reporter
BBC Scotland presenter Douglas Fraser has compared SNP party leaders to the dictatorial regime ruling North Korea.
Speaking immediately after the Perth conference, BBC Scotland’s Business and Economy Editor claimed that an “iron discipline” ruled the party which he suggested had a “North Korean tendency”.
Speaking to BBC Scotland colleague Brian Taylor, Mr Fraser (pictured) claimed that the Perth conference lacked any real debate outside the NATO debate, and said: “There wasn’t much heated debate elsewhere, there was one very passionate debate but not much elsewhere, iron discipline in the MSP ranks at Holyrood.
“Is that a risk in the way that the SNP is perceived by the electorate that there’s not enough open debate, that they appear to be agreeing on everything but in fact they also appear to have a sort of North Korean tendency?”
The remarks from the BBC presenter, who was Political Editor at the Herald before joining BBC Scotland, followed an interview in which he put his claims of “iron discipline” to SNP MSP Sandra White. Ms White had been against the party’s change in the policy on NATO and had given an impassioned speech in the debate on Friday.
The Glasgow MSP dismissed Mr Fraser’s claims that backbench MSPs were effectively silenced, and said that she had never once been told what she could and couldn’t say by the SNP leadership.
Mr Fraser’s claims of a lack of debate, other than the debate on NATO, will come as a surprise to many who watched BBC Scotland’s limited coverage of the SNP conference, which managed to give significant airtime to the party’s debate on same sex marriage.
The ‘North Korea’ remark by Mr Fraser echo similar attacks on the Scottish Government by its Unionist opponents. Several politicians and media commentators have mounted similar attacks on Alex Salmond’s party by comparing the Scottish First Minister to Hitler, Mussolini and Stalin.
Exactly one month ago, Labour leader Johann Lamont claimed that Mr Salmond was running Scotland “like North Korea”.
In January this year, Mr Fraser’s BBC colleague Jeremy Paxman compared Mr Salmond to African Dictator Robert Mugabe.
Mr Paxman had remarked on comments by the First Minister who said an independent Scotland would be a “beacon of progressiveness”, the BBC presenter told the First Minister that Robert Mugabe had said the same thing about Zimbabwe.
When the SNP leader suggested to the BBC presenter that he wasn’t doing himself any favours by comparing Scotland to Zimbabwe Paxman replied: “No, I’m comparing you to Mugabe”.
Mr Paxman’s remarks resulted in over 150 complaints being made to the BBC. | <urn:uuid:d53025a5-8dbe-4368-8a17-12951b8e0f36> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newsnet.scot/archive/bbc-scotland-presenter-suggests-snp-run-like-north-korea/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.971197 | 590 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Blogs About Reading
Page by Page
Reading Rockets’ children's literature expert, Maria Salvadore, brings you into her world as she explores the best ways to use kids’ books both inside — and outside — of the classroom.
Safe within the pages of books
Yesterday, I helped a parent find books for her five-year old whose dog had just died. I suggested Judith Viorst’s The Tenth Good Thing About Barney (Atheneum) in which a child remembers the best things about his much missed and greatly loved cat. I also suggested Dog Heaven (Blue Sky) by Cynthia Rylant, a comforting, sweet, only slightly religious story about the lush places canines find after they die.
I hope these help the child. But I do think it’s important for readers — young and old — to store up experiences safely within the pages of books before it occurs in life, something to draw from when needed.
The classic story that introduces the cycle of life which, of course, includes death, in my opinion, is Charlotte’s Web (HarperCollins). Not only does E.B. White introduce readers to a host of memorable characters, he provides an introduction to real life in the guise of a fantasy. When Charlotte the spider dies, her porcine buddy, Wilbur, must carry on.
I just read a new book for slightly older readers, say 10 or 11 years and up. The Line Tender (Dutton) by Kate Allen made me smile (remember that feeling of liking but not quite knowing where you stand with a boy?) and reminded me that kids and adults grieve similarly. It’s beautifully written with real characters that support and show empathy for each other. They deal with challenges and joys in unique ways giving readers a chance to share different approaches to the same incidents including the loss of a friend.
I’m not talking about bibliotherapy (where books are used to treat mental or psychological issues). Each of these books provides one or more experiences that can be drawn on simply when needed. And pleasure along the way. | <urn:uuid:1ea90461-469a-4981-95b3-9acc7104ed6b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.readingrockets.org/blogs/page-page/safe-within-pages-books | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.940454 | 441 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Chloe-esque dresses for $30. Givenchy-inspired boots for $40. That's what fast fashion is all about: trendy clothes and accessories at super-cheap prices. Thanks to mall stores like Forever21 and H&M, which quickly copy styles inspired by high-fashion runways, the masses have never been so fashionable.
How It All Started
In the 1990's, fashion retailers were under pressure to increase profits as mass department store chains began to compete by developing their own low-cost and fashion-forward clothing. So, retailers decided to create more interest by offering an increased amount of collections. This became possible as several retailers segmented their supply chains so that basic items could be manufactured in the Far East, while trendy items could be manufactured closer to home in Europe or South America. Retailers could then respond quickly to runway looks and rapidly offer on-trend garments in their stores.
The Birth of Cheap Chic
By the year 2006, on average, people were buying one-third more clothes than they had in 2002. This increased the competition among high-street brands like H&M, Zara, Topshop and The Gap, all of which began introducing even more collections every year to meet consumer demands for on-trend clothing, increased variety and limited-edition collections. Even discount department stores like Target got in the game. Some fast-fashion labels now offer up to 18 new collections per year, mass-producing lower quality for lower cost.
Who Buys Fast Fashion?
The demographic that most consumes fast fashion is under 28 years of age, although older individuals are into it, too. Fast fashion tends to appeal to younger generations since they typically are more aware of catwalk trends and want to emulate high-fashion looks without spending a fortune.
Negative Impacts of Fast Fashion
Although fast fashion makes on-trend clothing affordable, factory workers and the environment are feeling the impact. Reports from the Ethical Fashion Forum show that factory workers have to work extremely long hours to complete orders for retailers.
Use of cheap, easy-to-produce, petrochemical-based materials like polyester and acrylic, and pesticide-heavy and water-thirsty conventional cotton wreak havoc on the environment. Transportation emissions have also increased due to shipping of numerous new collections. However, the largest impact on the environment is the amount of clothing dumped into landfills every year. In 2010 in the U.S. alone, 11 million tons of clothing waste were put into landfills, contributing to global warming with the release of methane as the fabrics decomposed.
So, you have to decide: is fast fashion worth it?
Leena Oijala is a writer and advocate of sustainable fashion and textiles, yoga, sustainable living and organic, closed-loop gardening. Since completing a degree in fashion at Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design in London in 2011, she has written for publications and companies such as "Organic Spa Magazine," EcoSalon, Source4Style, The Green Stylist and Organic Authority. | <urn:uuid:b2f7523c-33c3-486d-96ec-d8772ee1baa2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.leaf.tv/articles/what-is-fast-fashion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.96426 | 632 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Browsing Psychology by Journal
Now showing items 162-181 of 205
|Psychological Science |
|Psychology in the Schools |
|Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts. |
|Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts |
|Psychology of Music |
|Psychology of Popular Media Culture |
|Psychology, Crime & Law |
|Psychonomic Bulletin & Review |
|Qualitative Research in Psychology |
|Research in Developmental Disabilities |
|Review of General Psychology |
|SAGE Research Methods Cases |
|Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences |
|Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research |
|Schizophrenia Research |
|School Psychology International |
|Scientific Reports |
|Sex Roles |
|Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment |
The export option will allow you to export the current search results of the entered query to a file. Different formats are available for download. To export the items, click on the button corresponding with the preferred download format.
By default, clicking on the export buttons will result in a download of the allowed maximum amount of items.
To select a subset of the search results, click "Selective Export" button and make a selection of the items you want to export. The amount of items that can be exported at once is similarly restricted as the full export.
After making a selection, click one of the export format buttons. The amount of items that will be exported is indicated in the bubble next to export format. | <urn:uuid:5d4845ed-857f-4c19-be93-fd6a5abd2894> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chesterrep.openrepository.com/handle/10034/31846/browse?view=list&rpp=20&offset=161&etal=-1&sort_by=-1&type=journal&order=ASC | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.752649 | 404 | 1.539063 | 2 |
If you are a creative person with a passion for technology, perhaps you should take look at web design as a career if you are confused with which career would suit you the best! In recent times, web design has become a popular career due to strong demand for web designers in the market. So what do you need to become a web designer? Let’s take a look at what you need to do to become a web designer.
Steps to becoming a web designer:
- When it comes to web design, you will be surprised that there are so many options available for you to pursue! You can be a designer who is a master of both HTML and CSS or you can also be someone who isn’t. Different designers have got different roles to play when it comes to web design. If you are a designer who is working in a team and you want to effectively communicate with the web developers, it is best that you know HTML and CSS and this helps to avoid misunderstandings. This type of designer mostly works as “Back-end designer”. Knowing HTML and CSS languages will help you to understand the technical feasibility of the design. Those who prefer working with a web template, they don’t need to know to code and will be able to build the whole site from scratch by using it. You can also customize the layout to get your desired result.
- You will need to learn the basics of web design, which will help to form a strong foundation in the future when you are working as a web designer. As a beginner, you can easily find a wide range of tutorials and guides on web design, aimed at the beginners. There are also wide ranges of courses that you can consider taking at your own pace. Or, you can also take courses or certificate on web design at any two or four-year college. Although a qualification in web design will make it easy for you in the job market, ultimately your demand depends on your skills as a web designer.
- You need to know the various types of tools used by web designers. If you want to be in demand, you should learn to use the latest tools for web design. To learn about any tools, you can take a look at the free tutorials online. Some important tools that you must know are Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator as these are used widely in the industry.
- There are also various tools that you need for coding when learning web design. Some of them are Github, Sketch, Pattern Lab, and Vivaldi browser. Other great code editors are Textmate, sublime, brackets, and atom.
- You should also learn how to write for websites, along with SEO and marketing. This will help to increase your demand in the industry.
- You will need to create a strong portfolio to showcase your skills to the prospective clients. Make sure to showcase your strongest and recent works. | <urn:uuid:8aa12600-bcc5-4cab-a22a-5095b7c7086b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.websitedesigner.sg/want-to-become-a-web-designer-a-brief-guide-to-becoming-a-web-designer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.960187 | 586 | 2.703125 | 3 |
In mathematics, specifically in category theory, an exponential object or map object is the categorical generalization of a function space in set theory. Categories with all finite products and exponential objects are called cartesian closed categories. Categories (such as subcategories of Top) without adjoined products may still have an exponential law.
Let be a category, let and be objects of , and let have all binary products with . An object together with a morphism is an exponential object if for any object and morphism there is a unique morphism (called the transpose of ) such that the following diagram commutes:
If exists for all objects in , then the functor defined on objects by and on arrows by , is a right adjoint to the product functor . For this reason, the morphisms and are sometimes called exponential adjoints of one another.
Alternatively, the exponential object may be defined through equations:
- Existence of is guaranteed by existence of the operation .
- Commutativity of the diagrams above is guaranteed by the equality .
- Uniqueness of is guaranteed by the equality .
The exponential is given by a universal morphism from the product functor to the object . This universal morphism consists of an object and a morphism .
A Heyting algebra is just a bounded lattice that has all exponential objects. Heyting implication, , is an alternative notation for . The above adjunction results translate to implication () being right adjoint to meet (). This adjunction can be written as or more fully as:
In the category of topological spaces, the exponential object exists provided that is a locally compact Hausdorff space. In that case, the space is the set of all continuous functions from to together with the compact-open topology. The evaluation map is the same as in the category of sets; it is continuous with the above topology. If is not locally compact Hausdorff, the exponential object may not exist (the space still exists, but it may fail to be an exponential object since the evaluation function need not be continuous). For this reason the category of topological spaces fails to be cartesian closed. However, the category of locally compact topological spaces is not cartesian closed either, since need not be locally compact for locally compact spaces and . A cartesian closed category of spaces is, for example, given by the full subcategory spanned by the compactly generated Hausdorff spaces.
In functional programming languages, the morphism is often called , and the syntax is often written . The morphism here must not to be confused with the eval function in some programming languages, which evaluates quoted expressions.
- Exponential law for spaces in nLab
- Convenient category of topological spaces in nLab
- Goldblatt, Robert (1984). "Chapter 3: Arrows instead of epsilon". Topoi : the categorial analysis of logic. Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics #98 (Revised ed.). North-Holland. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-444-86711-7.
- Mac Lane, Saunders (1978). "Chapter 4: Adjoints". categories for the working mathematician. graduate texts in mathematics. 5 (2nd ed.). Springer-Verlag. p. 98. doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-4721-8_5. ISBN 978-0387984032.
- Joseph J. Rotman, An Introduction to Algebraic Topology (1988) Springer-Verlag ISBN 0-387-96678-1 (See Chapter 11 for proof.)
- Adámek, Jiří; Horst Herrlich; George Strecker (2006) . Abstract and Concrete Categories (The Joy of Cats). John Wiley & Sons.
- Awodey, Steve (2010). "Chapter 6: Exponentials". Category theory. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199237180.
- MacLane, Saunders (1998). "Chapter 4: Adjoints". Categories for the working mathematician. New York: Springer. ISBN 978-0387984032. | <urn:uuid:5ce08a5a-15ea-47ec-870f-48f1bc19173a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://zims-en.kiwix.campusafrica.gos.orange.com/wikipedia_en_all_nopic/A/Exponential_object | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.814622 | 889 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Cranfield University market a wide range of soil and soil-related datasets. These are outlined below:
NATMAP datasets represent the authoritative digital soil map for England and Wales. There are various data products derived from the National Soil Map, each suitable for different tasks; these are outlined below.More details ...
If you are looking for the best quality available map data with national coverage of both England and Wales, we recommend NATMAP Vector. This flagship dataset has many uses from regional assessments, catchment characterisation, site assessment and, combined with our 'SOILSERIES' set of soil property datasets, computer modelling.
Number of soil classes: ~ 300;
Map units: Soil Associations.
NATMAP Soilscapes is a simplified version of the full National Soil Map, having an easy-to-understand map legend. Soilscapes is ideal for simple descriptive overviews of the soils and soil landscapes of a region, as well as the relationship between soil and the environment.
Number of soil classes: ~ 30;
Map Units: Soilscape Units.
These are gridded vector versions of the National Soil Map, where the squares represent 1km x 1km, and 5km x 5km gridcells respectively. These are suitable for modelling situations, but do not provide the full spatial detail of NATMAP vector.
Map Units: Soil Series % within polygon;
Resolution: 1 km, or 5 km gridcells.
Soil series (soil type) data
SOILSERIES attribute datasets have been developed to link to the NATMAP datasets (excepting NATMAP Soilscapes) to provide more detailed soil information specific to the users needs. These are outlined below.
This includes basic soil information including the modern definition of soil series.More details ...
This dataset is useful for modelling and predicting the movement and attenuation (fate and behaviour) of pesticides in soil, based on leaching and runoff classes.More details ...
This detailed dataset contains hydrological properties of the soil and associated rivers. It is useful for many types of hydrological models.More details ...
This provides information on the available soil water for mainstream crops for the different soil types across England and Wales.More details ...
The Leacs data product is used by almost all the major water companies as part of their pipe replacement programme as part of their strategic Asset Management Plans (AMPs). Because soils are variably aggressive to pipes, knowing which pipes will need replacing first can save significant sums.More details ...
These data detail the properties of each of the soil horizons (layers) from the topsoil to the parent material. Information includes textural propterties along with layer thicknesses. It provides different information for the same soil series under different land uses.More details ...
These data detail the properties of each of the soil horizons (layers) from the topsoil to the parent material. Information includes hydraulic propterties along with layer thicknesses. It provides different information for the same soil series under different land uses.More details ...
Soil monitoring data
The National Soil Inventory, or NSI, covers England and Wales on a 5km x 5km grid and provides detailed information for each intersect on that grid. Collectively, NSI data are statistically representative of English and Welsh soils and they offer a valuable foundation for the future monitoring of soil quality.More details ...
This dataset describes the site of the NSI point, including landuse and lithological information.More details ...
This dataset gives a very detailed description of each soil horizon (layer) in the soil profile.More details ...
This dataset gives detailed measurements from a bulked sample of the topsoil, of pH, organic carbon and over 20 elements (total and available) by a variety of laboratory methods.More details ...
This dataset describes the soil texture, providing % information for the texture grades (i.e. sand (4 grades), silt & clay).More details ...
This dataset provides depth information to the various diagnostic layers within the soil profile.More details ...
LandIS contains a wide range of other data. If you have a special request, please contact our help desk for more details.
Arrangements for access to soil data are governed by an agreement between Cranfield University and Defra acting on behalf of the Crown. Under the LandIS Agreement:
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LandIS, or the Land Information System is one of the offerings of the Soil and Agrifood Institute. Incorporating the National Soil Resources Institute, CSAI is the largest UK national and international centre for research and development, consultancy and training in soils and their interaction with the atmosphere, land use, geology and water resources.
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Cookies: This site uses cookie. No personal information is gathered or held. You will need to enable cookies for this site to operate correctly. | <urn:uuid:c6b2b817-8af7-467a-adcf-00e8166317ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www3.landis.org.uk/data/index.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.875064 | 1,262 | 2.625 | 3 |
By: Adam Sockel, Pluralsight Content Strategist
Throughout November, we’ll be taking time to shine a light on the changing state of mental health in the tech industry. The ongoing pandemic, organizations pushing through The Great Resignation and general burnout from a blurring of our work-life balance are just a few of the aspects creating increased stress and declining mental health. In 2020, a global survey done by Qualtrics noted that, “67% of people are experiencing increases in stress while 57% have increased anxiety, and 54% are emotionally exhausted.” These responses continue to hold water across all industries but especially for technologists.
Software development could’ve been seen as an isolating career before the pandemic created the new normal of remote working. This has only been amplified by our lack of physical proximity and reduced in-person collaborative opportunities.
Addressing mental health in tech
The self-isolation caused by Covid-19 and the new reality of working from home has created new obstacles for both org leaders and their employees. Numerous questions have arisen from our lack of in-person connectivity:
How do we discuss mental health in the work setting?
What signs should managers look for and when is it appropriate to discuss mental health with employees?
How do we track seemingly unmeasurable data that may positively or negatively be affecting team members?
How should managers adjust their leadership styles to facilitate healthy change?
How can we stay connected and remain engaged?
These questions, and countless others like them, are challenging to answer but not impossible. One all-encompassing tool that every tech leader is capable of taking advantage of is empathy. In a recent piece written for Forbes, Dr. Tracy Brower notes, “As we go through tough times, struggle with burnout or find it challenging to find happiness at work, empathy can be a powerful antidote and contribute to positive experiences for individuals and teams.”
Mental health and employee retention
Tracy goes on to share results from a study by Catalyst that shows empathy contributes massively to employee well being across multiple aspects. The study found that when employees feel their leaders are empathetic of their current situation, they are more likely to feel innovative, engaged,and included. It goes on to note that they are also less likely to seek other job opportunities and that this empathy helps them achieve a better work-life balance. Empathy is effective across the board as these metrics came from both female and male responders from multiple cultural backgrounds.
As the connection between careers and mental health continues to be studied, both employees and employers are taking note of the importance of how their work lives directly connect to their mental state. With the current talent shortage in software development, employees are much more willing to seek new opportunities if they aren’t happy in their current jobs. As Tracy told us, “We're seeing that mental health is viewed as being much more strategic. Because we know that employees are differentiating where they might work based on a company's or an organization's approach to wellbeing and mental health.”
While there are multiple ways to approach the questions above about the connection between mental health, productivity, and employee satisfaction, one pivotal factor for employers is the concept of culture. Defining culture is different for each organization but as Site Reliability Engineer Ryn Caniels writes for Increment, “Many organizations use the word ‘culture’ when talking about their shared principles, but this is largely theory; culture is what happens in practice.”
Tracy has a simple, yet effective, solution for creating true organizational culture. “There's a myth that the primary way that we build relationships among teams is through social engagements. We do zoom happy hours. We do our ax throwing. Those are good, but what's more powerful is to link people through tasks and projects. where we share a common goal. We start to work together on something that we both care about and we can better understand our roles and what makes us a team as opposed to what separates us.”
Shelley Benhoff, Sitecore MVP and Founder of Hoffstech, LLC agrees. “When teams learn from each other, from anybody on the whole team and respect their work and opinions as well, that really helps confidence. It helps collaboration, comradery.”
Mental health is an ongoing campaign
Assuring that your employees have a positive outlook on both their own work and how it impacts business goals has been proven to be beneficial on multiple fronts. Studies show that when employees feel fulfilled, they are more productive and more likely to stay at the organization. We also know that upskilling current employees is far more cost efficient than hiring and training new employees to do these jobs. Also, on a basic human level, we should care about the people we work with. We should want to know that they’re happy and healthy.
Fostering healthy mental wellness for employees benefits everyone across your organization but it’s not a task you can check off and be done. It's not a one-time sprint to complete. Mental health is something that needs to be worked on everyday. Creating a safe space where employees feel comfortable, connected, and engaged takes work. Our questions above are challenging to answer but they can be answered. Empathy can be difficult, but not impossible, to learn.
To that end, we hope you’ll register to join us for an on-demand panel driven webinar on November 24th about the importance of mental health in the work environment. Expert tech leaders Shelley Benhoff, Dr. Tarique Sani, and Sachin Shah will discuss topics including:
Using data to help solve for untrackable aspects of mental health
Creating a safe space to discuss topics pertaining to mental health
Dealing with the concepts of perfectionism and burnout
Having self awareness vs awareness of your teams mental state
Even if you can’t make the webinar on the 24th, be sure to sign up for the event and we’ll email you a recording after the back.
Mental health matters and fostering a healthy culture of engaged technologists is essential to the ongoing success of your organization, the sustainability of your teams, and the personal and career growth of your employees. Join us in celebrating mental health in tech throughout November and beyond. Creating a healthy and thriving work environment in our new reality is hard but not impossible and if these last few years have taught technologists anything, it’s that we can do hard things.
5 keys to successful organizational design
How do you create an organization that is nimble, flexible and takes a fresh view of team structure? These are the keys to creating and maintaining a successful business that will last the test of time.Read more
Why your best tech talent quits
Your best developers and IT pros receive recruiting offers in their InMail and inboxes daily. Because the competition for the top tech talent is so fierce, how do you keep your best employees in house?Read more
Technology in 2025: Prepare your workforce
The key to surviving this new industrial revolution is leading it. That requires two key elements of agile businesses: awareness of disruptive technology and a plan to develop talent that can make the most of it.Read more | <urn:uuid:e4e792a1-be6c-4aa7-aa51-fb47fd3d15bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pluralsight.com/blog/platform/mental-health-awareness-in-tech | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.956645 | 1,502 | 1.578125 | 2 |
As discussed previously, resveratrol and pterostilbene are very similar molecules. They differ chiefly in their half-life and bioavailability in the body, with pterostilbene having a much longer half-life and therefore greater bioavailability and activity in the body. Pterostilbene is also a better SIRT1 activator. However, when taken together, the two stilbenoids seem to act synergistically, providing a greater antioxidant and healthful effect.
Oxidative damage and the inflammation that it triggers plays a key role in many human diseases. Oxidative damage to the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels is thought to be very important in the development of arteriosclerosis. Oxidative damage worsens brain damage after a stroke or injury, and may be involved in processes leading to neurodegeneration. Antioxidants preferentially reactive with free radicals, destroying them and preventing them from causing cellular and tissue damage during oxidative stress.
In Vitro Assays
Because studies in humans and animals are expensive, time-consuming, sometimes ethically questionable, and often difficult to interpret, researchers have developed a number of in vitro laboratory studies to investigate the effects of free radicals and oxidative stress on cells. One popular assay measures levels of peroxidative damage to the lipids in the membranes of cells. Human erthryocytes (red blood cells) are the cells of choice, being widely available and also being particularly susceptible to free radical attacks due to the presence of redox active hemoglobin molecules. In these assays, the cells are exposed to oxidative damage from a chemical such as hydrogen peroxide, and then the levels of reactive thiobarbituric acid species created during lipid peroxidation are measured. Other measures of oxidative damage, such as hemolysis and depletion of glutathione, can also be performed. Glutathione is a natural antioxidant produced in human cells that plays a key role in protecting cells against free radicals. Depletion of glutathione means that the cell’s natural antioxidant protective systems have been overwhelmed.
Pterostilbene and Resveratrol : Synergistic Protection
When human erthryocytes are exposed to oxidative stress in the presence of flavonols, the flavonols are able to provide significant protection against lipid peroxidation (LPO) and other signs of damage. Resveratrol, quercetin, and pterostilbene were all equally effective at protecting against hemolysis and depletion of glutathione. Both pterostilbene and quercetin provided significant protection against lipid peroxidation (with a better IC50 score for pterostilbene), but resveratrol alone did not provide significant protection against LPO. However, the combination of resveratrol and pterostilbene provided far more protection against lipid peroxidation than pterostilbene alone (1).
At physiologically relevant concentrations, the combination of resveratrol and pterostilbene significantly reduced the amount of lipid peroxidative damage as compared to pterostilbene alone. This synergistic effect seems to be unique to reseveratrol and pterostilbene- other combinations of flavonols, such as pterostilbene and quercetin, and resveratrol and quercetin, did not exhibit any synergistic effect. In fact, at higher concentrations, combining quercetin with pterostilbene actually seemed to inhibit pterostilbene’s protective effect.
Extracts of certain berries and grapes, which are rich in both resveratrol and pterostilbene, have been shown to have great antioxidant activity. The study by Mickstacaka et al. provides a rationale for this observed effect- a synergistic effect is at work. In summary, resveratrol and pterostilbene complement each other’s action as antioxidants, and appear to act synergistically to provide extra protection against free radical attack. Taken together, they may act synergistically to improve health on many different levels.
Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2010 Mar;65(1):57-63. doi: 10.1007/s11130-010-0154-8. | <urn:uuid:3cb9590b-4d97-4b9d-8077-0e6659f8f6f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pterostilbene.com/pterostilbene-and-resveratrol-synergism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.928977 | 916 | 3.0625 | 3 |
The June 2022 edition of IEEE Technology and Society Magazine reprints a speech from Josiah Ober explaining why he thinks human flourishing and servitude are incompatible. I suspect most people in liberal democracies would take this to be obvious, but one insightful description of a philosopher refers to someone who won’t take common sense for an answer.
Of interest to this blog, Ober speculates on the possibility that machines will free humans from the servitude mentioned in the title. He recalls Aristotle’s argument that human flourishing requires the capacity to exercise one’s speech and reason without the constraint of an external master. The practical problem for Aristotle was that, for he and his philosophical buddies to freely exercise their speech and reason, someone else had to do the menial work of providing food, shelter, and so on. He goes on to make an infamous assertion that some people are by nature suited to servitude, and that these people are (conveniently) available to carry out that menial work. Ober proposes that autonomous machines might enable Aristotle’s philosophical utopia without the need for human slaves.
I wrote Science Fiction and the Economics of Utopia in part as a response to a view in which autonomous machines relieve humans from labour only so that humans can do other labour. Not philosophical labour of our own choosing, as Aristotle might have hoped, but whatever labour the economy will pay for. In that view, one might say that serving the economy is flourishing, and the grand hope of its proponents is that the economy will provide meaningful work for all.
To be fair, few modern jobs would constitute “servitude” of the sort experienced by Aristotle’s slaves; even the most menial modern workers have to be paid and they can at least in principle change jobs if they don’t like their current one. Workers who understand the philosophical rationale for economic growth and productivity might even perceive themselves as part of a flourishing economic society even if their own little contribution to it is dreary and mundane. Others who love their jobs might say they’ve found a practical compromise between flourishing and providing the labour required to support modern society.
I myself have taken the “practical compromise” position most of the time I’ve been in paid work, even if I’ve been vaguely aware that others do paid work that might not be so conducive to their personal “flourishing”. Yet even in the best of those positions I was very strict about working only my standard hours and leaving time in which to work on my own projects. Autonomous machines might conceivably free us from the need to compromise—but, to judge by public debate, only the inhabitants of philosophy schools are ready for it. | <urn:uuid:d235028b-f26b-40df-af89-ac7bde2b2d68> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.nps.id.au/blog2/2022/08/04/mixing-flourishing-with-servitude/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.96089 | 557 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Leverage – A Wealth Principle
Leverage simply means doing more with less. This term has been complicated by the so-called financial industry and money specialist out there. Like I said, it simply means doing more with less. If you keep things simple like this, people will run into less problems. Leverage is very important in order to create wealth and have more than enough because of the following reasons.How to Get Rich Fast
If you want to get rich logic, innovation, and duplication are the keys to your success. Once you effectively integrate these three items into your way of thinking, you will find yourself on the way to making more and more money.Let Me Explain the Financial Planning Process
I want to use this article to explain the financial planning process. Many competent, well-educated adults readily admit they struggle with even basic financial concepts.Think Like a Rich Man
Just about everyone wants to be rich. So, how can we become rich? One way is to look at rich people and see what makes them different. If we can copy them, we can become rich.Can You Benefit From a Government Grant?
In order to provide financial assistance to citizens during global economy crisis, the US government has allocated a lot of free grants to be given to those people who are really in need. Currently, there are 22 grants which individuals can apply for. Let’s take a closer look on what types of personal grants are available through national, state and local government agencies.If You Are Low on Cash Sell Your Old Gold
During these hard times many of us are struggling with a large financial burden. Unfortunately, some of us have a larger burden than others than others, and may need more in a financial solution than to simply sell their old gold. However, if you are someone who needs a little boost to pay that surprise bill, or maybe splurge on something that you otherwise may not have, now is the time to sell old gold.What Makes Brian Tracy Worth Listening To?
Have you heard of Brian Tracy? If no one has told you about the incredible success of this millionaire mentor yet, you might have trouble believing it, since it’s tempting to dismiss all of it as another story with too much hype. I felt that way when I first heard about him, but I took the time to look again, and so should you.How to Get Rich by Making Money Without Spending Money
Does it really take money to make money? Can you really launch a business with no startup capital? With a little innovation and some hard work you can actually make money without spending a dime. I’m not talking about a pyramid scam or investment opportunity.Build Wealth and Get Rich in Your Spare Time – Without Spending a Dime
If you have been investing in a 401k or the stock market, you have probably gave up the hope of enjoying massive wealth months ago. With the volatile market, you don’t know from day to day where your money stands. If you want to reap the benefits of your 401k investment you will want to avoid touching the money in it until the market goes back up and you can recoup some of your loses. But the reality is that it can take years to get back to where you were.Paying Your Mortgage Off by Earning Additional Income
Actual tips to earning additional income and paying your mortgage off. Learn a secret to make extra money every month to help you pay your rent, mortgage, or just to save!Ways to Earn Quick Money
Every so often, we need a financial boost to help take care of some emergency or pressurizing obligation which necessitates that we earn quick money. If you need to earn quick money, here are some ideas that might help you start finding the cash you need.How to Make Money Through Family
One of the ways that I have had many of my friends make money is through their family. I am not talking about doing chores or favors for family members, (that is not a bad way to make money now that we mention it) or even asking for money directly but I’m talking more on the inheritance side. The majority of us are not given money or left money when our family members pass but are left with collectibles and things that they have gathered throughout their lives.The Internet and Wealth Building – “A Winning Combination”
The vision is yours. The journey is yours. You create your financial situation based on your beliefs. We have been brought up to believe that “money is scarce” and “money does not grow on trees”. Let me tell you this, wealth and financial freedom is available to everyone. It is our right to be wealthy.It’s a Royal Life Out There
We live in a land rich with possibilities, and, literally, a land that is rich. Swaths of land across the country hold the potential for producing oil and gas natural resources. It is not particularly difficult or unusual for a person to turn this unexpected richness of land into personal profit, either through selling oil and gas royalties or completely selling mineral rights to the land.Wealth Secret – 5 Tips So You Can Make Money, Lots of Money, Now
Who said instant gratification is a bad thing? In fact, most wealth secrets are accomplished with a little bit of instant gratification. Instant gratification can be a great motivator in keeping you on track. | <urn:uuid:28dc0c80-e8c8-4bfc-ab2b-6455138ed491> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dotcrytpo.com/hex/hex-is-a-superior-financial-asset-period/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.956099 | 1,104 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Genetics in support of fisheries and aquaculture management
17-19 September 2019
Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR)
University of Algarve, Portugal
This course will introduce participants to principles and practical application of genetics in fisheries and aquaculture including relevant evolutionary, quantitative- and population genetic theory. The course introduces a range of genetic and genomic tools that underpin management of aquatic natural resources, and how such approaches complement other management tools, together with a critical valuation of costs and benefits. We provide case studies that illustrate how genetics can help to address existing management and policy needs from capture and aquaculture fisheries.
Emphasis on the practical implication of technologies and theory will underpin course design and delivery. Three key components encapsulate course design: theory, to familiarise students with salient evolutionary and genetic principles, application, to demonstrate design and impact of genetic and genomic tools, and strategy, to promote application and uptake in management and conservation. Students will attain an understanding of genetic concepts and methods with emphasis on population genetic and genomic aspects. They will identify and formulate salient management-relevant questions that are amenable to such tools, in combination with complementary approaches such as population modelling, risk assessment and oceanography.
The attendees will be able to handle illustrative datasets to perform statistical analysis, depending on their level of knowledge and interests.
The course is designed to target a broad community, including those with some experience in genetics/genomics, as well as those who are less familiar. Importantly, the training strategy will be highly interactive, thereby benefiting from a diversity of experience and expertise.
We aim at people with a keen interest in how and when to apply evolutionary and genetic principles and tools to management issues, within the context of sustainability. We target students, fisheries/aquaculture scientists, fisheries/aquaculture managers and stakeholders involved in fisheries genetics and those more directly engaged in aquaculture management and policy decision-making. | <urn:uuid:990c40bf-2704-4aa3-a35f-bcb187af3b34> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://rcastilho.pt/ices_2019/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.910517 | 412 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi declared victory over the jihadists on Friday after troops reached the city center, following a four-week U.S.-backed assault.
But shooting, suicide bombs and mortar attacks continue.
More than 82,000 civilians have evacuated Fallujah, an hour’s drive west of Baghdad, since the campaign began and up to 25,000 more are likely on the move, the United Nations said.
Yet camps are already overflowing with escapees who trekked several kilometers (miles) past Islamic State snipers and minefields in sweltering heat to find there was not even shade.
“People have run and walked for days. They left Fallujah with nothing,” said Lise Grande, U.N. Humanitarian Coordinator for Iraq. “They have nothing and they need everything.”
The exodus, which is likely to be many times larger if an assault on the northern Islamic State stronghold of Mosul goes ahead as planned later this year, has taken the government and humanitarian groups off guard.
With attention focused for months on Mosul, Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi said in May that the army would prioritize Fallujah, the first Iraqi city seized by the militants in early 2014.
Read more at the Huffington Post
Image courtesy of nbcnews.com | <urn:uuid:bcf1bed3-0ed8-41db-a19a-d50830cea637> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sofrep.com/news/iraqi-camps-swell-civilians-flee-fighting-fallujah/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.952476 | 271 | 1.5625 | 2 |
LCD Screen Backlighting
The backlight circuits in all iDevices with an LCD (excluding the classic iPod or Nano) share a common architecture:
- A power chip generates the backlight signal.
- An inductor, commonly called the “backlight coil," amplifies the signal.
- A diode prevents reverse voltage.
- A ferrite bead filters the signal.
- A ribbon cable carries the signal to the backlight LED strip.
- Some devices have an additional backlight driver chip.
Troubleshooting the Cause of a Backlight Failure
Most iPad/iPhone hardware operates at voltages between 1.8 V - 5.2 V. However, the backlight circuit operates at about 15 - 20 V. At this higher voltage, the backlight components are more prone to damage when a short circuit occurs. The high voltage backlight circuit is also prone to corrosion from water damage.
The Most Common Causes of Display Failures
- The LCD screen - LCD failure can occur from drop damage, water damage, or it can simply be the result of a defective part.
- The backlight filter - When a short in the backlight circuit occurs, the thin wire inside the filter breaks, severing power from the backlight LEDs.
- The backlight diode - Like the backlight filters, the backlight diode is a fragile component. In cases where a backlight filter is particularly burned up, you’ll often find that the diode has failed as well. Diode failure in the absence of filter damage is rare, but it can happen.
The inductor coil is rarely the point of failure in modern iDevices.
Backlight Short Circuits
The most common cause of a self-induced short occurs from working on the device with the battery still connected. Even when the screen is dark, there is voltage in the backlight circuit. A slipped pair of tweezers or misalignment of the LCD connector can short the backlight circuit to ground. (The iPad mini is particularly prone to this fault, as simply removing or inserting the flex cable into its connector at a slight angle is enough to bridge the backlight’s high voltage pin to the adjacent ground pin.) Avoid self-induced shorts by always disconnecting the battery before working on a device.
Another cause of backlight shorts is faulty assembly procedures. iPhone screens have a soldered joint on the LCD flex cable connecting the thinner backlight flex cable that powers the LED light strip. During device fabrication, these solder joints are protected by piece of black tape—however, during the screen refurbishing process some manufacturers neglect to replace the tape, apply it misaligned, or fail to apply it securely. As a result, the screen initially works during testing—but once the metal LCD shield is installed, the exposed solder joints touch the grounded frame, shorting the backlight circuit.
Backlight shorts can occur when the latch for the ZIF connector securing the LCD flex is missing. The LCD flex slides out an angle and the high voltage backlight pin contacts the ground pin, causing a short circuit.
Other Common Causes of Backlight Failure
Water damage is a frequent source of backlight problems. Water will corrode the LCD connector pin/pad junction, which breaks the electrical path to the connector and can damage the filter.
Backlight circuit failure can also occur from damage to the electrical traces on the circuit board. If the electrical traces buried in the board are inadvertently severed—for example, from trying to fasten the board with too large a screw—the backlight circuit will not conduct power to the backlight LEDs.
Diagnosing a Backlight Failure
To diagnose whether your device is “dead” or just has a malfunctioning screen, try connecting it to your computer. If the computer recognizes the device, then the problem probably resides with the LCD screen or backlight circuit. Additionally, iPhones will notify the user of a backlight problem by repeatedly playing a chime sound and vibrating.
The good news is that nearly all backlight failures are repairable. Once the damaged component is identified it can simply be replaced. If this isn’t something that you can do yourself, call a knowledgeable microsolder shop and send it out for a quick repair. | <urn:uuid:ea62e36c-5b28-43a1-be11-9f3d40e0c7ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://es.ifixit.com/Wiki/iDevice_Backlight_Troubleshooting?permalink=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.912301 | 883 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Flan is a traditional Cuban dish. This is a recipe for a plain flan, but you can make it with coconut, guava or mango.
- 3 cups milk
- Pared rind of 1 lemon
- 1 cinnamon stick
- 4 eggs
- 4 egg yolks
- 3/4 cup sugar
- For the caramel: 3/4 cup sugar, 1/3 cup water
Preheat oven to 350°F.
Use a soufflé or baking dish, about 5 cup capacity.
Put the lemon rind and cinnamon in a pan along with the milk. Heat the milk until it is just about to come to the boil. Turn off the heat and leave it to stand for 15 minutes.
Caramel: Heat the sugar in the water until it is dissolved, then bring it to a slow boil until it turns a golden-brown colour. Remove from heat and pour into the dish. Swirl it around so that the caramel covers the bottom and sides of dish.
Custard: Beat the eggs and the egg yolks with the sugar until thoroughly mixed, and stir in the hot milk.
Strain into the caramel-lined dish. Stand the dish in a baking tray filled with an inch or so of hot water.
Bake for 40 to 50 minutes or until a knife slides into the centre and comes out clean. Leave it to cool.
Before serving, loosen the sides with a knife and turn it out onto a plate. | <urn:uuid:8f63b549-ddf5-4528-b761-5fd3438d0c3e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wwww.h2g2.com/edited_entry/A283402 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.896779 | 311 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Coursera Project Network による Create an FPS Weapon in Unity (Part 2 - Firing Effects) の受講者のレビューおよびフィードバック
In this one-hour, project-based course, you'll learn how to add realism to weapons-fire by creating a recoil animation and muzzle-flash and smoke effects. You'll also learn how to add bullet holes and a knock-back effect to shot objects.
The guided project will introduce you to the following Unity concepts:
- Particle Effects
- Coding techniques such as Interfaces
This is Part 2 of a four-part series on creating a weapon for your FPS game. In Part 1, we covered equipping your FPS player with a gun. Part 3 will show you how to set up the weapon's properties and damage effects to the destroyable GameObjects. Lastly, Part 4 will walk you through the steps for adding ammunition, reloading the weapon and creating magazines and other weapons.
This is a stand-alone guided project, but because this is a continuation of previous parts in the "FPS Weapon" series, it is recommended that you complete the first parts before commencing this guided project.
This series also makes use of the western-themed Unity project created in Control physics with C# in Unity and the VM-compatible FPS Player script written in Create a VM Compatible First Person Camera. These compliment this guided project and, although not prerequisites, are recommended for a more well-rounded understanding of the concepts presented herein.... | <urn:uuid:86abec3d-7699-44f5-865c-98cb8bbec887> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ja.coursera.org/projects/create-fps-weapon-unity-firing-effects/reviews?authMode=signup | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.884678 | 346 | 3 | 3 |
SR1162E Heat Transfer Bench Thermal Didactic Equipment Vocational Training Equipment
Specification convective heat transfer exchangeable pipe bundle as
heat exchanger 2 heaters can be inserted in a bundle or alone air
flow rate adjustable pitot tube and pressure measurement station to
determine air velocity display and control unit indicates air
temperature, heater temperature and heating power
Duct cross-section: 150x150mm length: 1.540mm
power: 1,5kW max. flow rate: 2.160m³/h
Pipe bundle 23 pipes (D=10mm) 23 pipes (D=13mm)
2 heaters power: 1x220W (D=10mm) power: 1x250W (D=13mm)
Dimensions and Weight LxWxH: 1.930x800x2.000mm Weight: approx.
Required for Operation 230V, 50/60Hz, 1 phase or 230V, 60Hz/CSA, 3
Scope of Delivery 1 trainer 1 set of laboratory cables and hoses 1
pressure measurement station 1 display and control unit 1 manual,
dimension: 800*800*1580mm (L*W*H).
(2) Off-grid training workbench: fully aluminum alloy structure,
with a unive
Arrange delivery within 45 days upon receipt of payment.
Please see below photo for detailed package.
Training Room Photo
We supply professional educational training equipment and technical
teaching equipment, which has been widely applied in Engineering
Universities, Polytechnics, Technical Institute, Vocational Schools
as well as Industry workforce Development Programs and Training
Center. Our products allow students to learn and experiment through
valuable hands-on experience, and the technology covered by our
training equipment provides knowledge, experiments and didactic
skills development that are of critical importance to today´s and
Photo for Clients Visiting Factory
We supply supply7*24 hours service, customer design service, OEM
service, buyer label service. With professional engineers team and
sales team, we assure you good product quality.
Our products takes ISO9001 product management system.
|2||Warranty||1 year, 2 years, 3 years or 5 years according to client
|3||Package||Plastic film+ carton+ Fine plywood|
|4||Products standard||International didactic equipment standard|
|5||Application range||Educational equipment for university, college, vocational training
|6||Company philosophy||Supply best quality Chinese products to the worldwide schools.|
|7||Self owned brand||Shouldshine, SSEDU, JSS.|
|8||Production time||From 10 days to 60 days according to different items| | <urn:uuid:fc3f3bbc-1528-4433-8067-1f7d99b22c52> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://vocationaleducationequipment.buy.chinalane.org/pz649f113-didactic-heat-transfer-lab-equipment-vocational-training-equipment-sr1162e.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.810367 | 640 | 1.578125 | 2 |
A Research Paper By Océane Staib Evin, Executive Coach, IRELAND
Alone we can do so little; together we can do so much.- Helen Keller
Talent wins games, but teamwork and intelligence win championships. – Michael Jordan
The way a team plays as a whole determines its success. You may have the greatest bunch of individual stars in the world, but if they don’t play together, the club won’t be worth a dime. – Babe Ruth
No one can whistle a symphony. It takes a whole orchestra to play it. -H.E. Luccock
Great things in business are never done by one person, they are done by a team of people. – Steve Jobs
TEAM: Together Everyone Achieves More
Whilst increased volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity have re-enforced the necessity of having several people brainstorm on issues to better identify the root causes and find solutions; whilst all research highlight how expertise in topics is no longer sufficient to find solutions in this complex world; whilst quotes pour through social media to highlight the power of team/group/tribe over the individual, leaders continue to, despite their awareness, think, at some level, more individual than group, team than organization.
Bringing people and teams together to maximize the outcome is often harder than it sounds, it is not only about creating a good team spirit, it requires leaders of an organization to sincerely care about others and the goals of the company, more than their own egos or personal goals and to trickle this mindset and spirit throughout the organization. It also requires to adopt and spread growth mindset in which growing and learning become the drivers rather than being right or wrong. It requires building an environment where shame has no place, an environment in which everyone shares, is listened to, and learns from each other, an environment where mistakes are considered as opportunities to improve and evolve.
Many Leaders have today gained the awareness of the importance of teamwork, group work, and skills to build strong teams. They value the development and successes of each individual more than their own, still, these leaders tend to set natural boundaries to the concept of “Togetherness” and common growth.
Last but not least, Covid 19 pandemic and the move to a significantly more virtual world, has put a terrible break on people’s ability to build relationships through simple exchanges around the coffee machines, meetings, and seminars and share on simple topics and concerns which do not require meetings.
Coaching can be of incredible support for leaders to further build and capitalize on this notion and power of togetherness, in creating new ways of developing relationships, removing the unconscious boundaries they have set, and taking not only their teams but their entire organizations to new levels of “Togetherness” acting as ONE larger team with One Larger Ambition to face every challenge with more agility, flexibility, adaptability, and POWER.
How Do Cultures and Education Impact the Ability and Desire to Be “Fully” Part of a Group?
As leaders pro-actively develop their skills and adapt their attitudes to develop strong teams, many underestimate how their education and culture can impact their most profound and natural reactions thereby sending involuntary signs of individualism to others. Indeed, when growing up in individualistic cultures of Western Europe and North America which prise autonomy, independence, self-sufficiency, and uniqueness, people tend to be self-reliant and emphasize standing out and being unique. “I think, therefore I am” from Rene Descartes resonates in the ears of many “Westerners” where people tend to describe themselves using personal characteristics “I am analytical, sarcastic, athletic…”. Even when they praise and promote teamwork they still see themselves as one unique individual within a group and picture what their person and each individual can do rather than focus on what the group together can achieve, each member contributing to the strength and diversity of the group as a whole. In fact, how would one who describes and identifies himself though others – as people do in many African Cultures – as guided by the “Ubuntu” philosophy where one only exists through others, through the community, and where people describe themselves as “I am a good partner” “I am a good leader”, have approached the same difficulty and challenge? Indeed, Ubuntu is a concept according to which your sense of self is shaped by your relationships with other people. It’s a way of living that begins with the premise that “I am only because we are”; “I am because you are” or “ I am human because I belong, I participate. I share.” The approach is very far from the famous “I think, therefore I am” of Descartes and research has proven time and time again the impact of Culture on our Natural and Innate behaviors.
One of the key roles of coaches is to support clients in gaining awareness of their natural biases and help them act and think beyond these biases. Supporting clients to help them see that even if they think beyond their own interest as individuals, they may naturally still tend to think of the interest of a smaller group than what they could or should such as Team vs organization, or more simple to see how a person who they may consider as a weak link in a group due to lack of expertise actually highly contributes to the overall group dynamic and this weak link is, in fact, cement to the group through their empathy and ability to listen to the flow of information and extract the key ones.
Natural Biases: “My Teams vs the Teams of My Peers”, “My Team vs. The Team I Am Part Of”, “My Team vs. The Organisation”
The perception of leadership nowadays is very much different from that in past years. The idea where one heroic individual single-handedly generates results by enforcing his will is considered outdated. Leadership is now considered a “team sport”. Company managers and other people in leadership positions need to work together with their employees to accomplish goals and initiate changes.
A qualified executive team knows how to build a team, maintain momentum, and foster excitement in all levels of the corporate structure. But how can this be achieved?
Most leaders and executive teams have realized that defining a clear purpose to drive their teams’ engagement is not enough, they also need to create strong team dynamics. Today, most companies, big ones, and smaller ones employ coaches to support their leaders create the right dynamics within their teams and stories relate all the transformations and successes within the teams led but one item often remains …. Teams work in Silos as these leaders manage to create wonderful team dynamics but tend to dedicate less energy and attention to the dynamics of the other teams or the bigger teams. How to support Leaders build strong dynamics for the overall organization, beyond the team(s) they lead?
As Patrick Lencioni explains in his books “The Advantage” and “The 5 Dysfunctions of a team”, are organizations healthy enough to tap into their knowledge? When describing his model of Organisational Health, and the priority of building a Cohesive Team he explains that despite the attention brought to build a successful organization, 95% of Leaders naturally will tend to put their top priority on the team their Lead vs the Team they are a member of. They do it naturally as they spend more time with these people, hire these people, have the most expertise in this field, and are thereby more comfortable with these people; also, the team they have built is generally what will give them the most immediate, measurable and direct recognition. Putting a priority on the team you are part of requires significantly more courage and effort. To build strong and healthy organizations is strong not only to build strong teams but it is even more important to build strength in the executive team leaders are part of for the company and the organization as a whole. The role of Executive Coaches can be a real asset to support Leaders in building this habit to think and act beyond their team and even put Top Priority on the team they are part of vs the Team they have built.
Important Questions in Supporting the Client Gain Awareness Could Be:
I hear you receive great recognition from your team, boss, and peers for having built such a strong and effective team which is remarkable:
- How do the teams of your peers feel about you?
- What dynamics have you built with your peers?
- When have you managed to sponsor a project driven by other teams over yours?
- What benefit would sponsoring a project driven by other teams over your give the organization?
- How would your team benefit from you building more cohesiveness and clarity with the other members of the Exec Leadership team?
- How would other teams benefit from you building more cohesiveness and clarity with the other members of the Exec Leadership team?
These questions can lead the client to gain awareness of the benefits of putting a higher priority on being part of the Exec Team than their own team and drive further cohesiveness and strength for the entire organization. Support clients in going beyond the natural boundaries of “Togetherness” they have set for themselves and do feel comfortable with.
Fairness, Empathy, and Trust as Pillars to Building Real “Togetherness”
To build a genuine “Togetherness” in which people feel safe to express their thoughts but also share their mistakes to allow everyone to learn from them and build on them, there must not be any place for shame. Brené Brown explains in “Dare to Lead” on Empathy and Shame resilience, “Empathy is the most powerful connecting and trusting tool we have and it’s an antidote to shame. Empathy is a hostile environment for shame, an environment it can’t survive in because shame needs you to believe you are alone and it’s just you.” “ When we are in shame and we can share our story with someone who responds with empathy and understanding, shame can’t survive.” Brenéexplains that the first one must recognize when they are in the grip of shame then learn to practice critical awareness as to when we are shameful all we see is our flawed self, alone and struggling. We think we are the only ones, that something is wrong with us, that we are alone. It is only when connecting with others we can see that we are not the only one. One must reach out to others and speak shame.
Here again, a coach’s role can be critical in creating an environment for the client to safely reach out, share his thoughts, and making his shame simply less important by verbalizing it. Through this verbalization, the client may also realize that his issues are in fact universal, that we all fight silent battles against not begin good enough or not belonging enough. In doing so the coach supports the client to recognize when they are in the grip of shame and from there practice critical awareness.
A coach can also support the client identify when he creates an environment that allows for shame to come in for others and see how to address this. Support the client to gain further awareness that shame will not survive in an environment in which fairness, empathy, and trust are present and supporting the client in building an environment where fairness, empathy, and trust are fully present. Here again, coming back to the healthy organization presented by Patrick Lencioni it is not only about building fairness, empathy, and trust within our team but about building in the entire organization. The coach can support the client realizing that he/she may at times favor his own team over others and think through how to ensure that every member of the organization, beyond his team, feel treated fairly by himself/herself and every other executive Leader and that the trust is sufficiently strong to express their thoughts.
The power of “Togetherness”, of group work, of building strong, cohesive teams, has been demonstrated again and again. Many organizations and leaders hire coaches to support them in developing their skills and sensitivity to building strong teams still many organizations and leaders tend to limit the power of togetherness, setting virtual barriers to the notion of “Togetherness”. These barriers can be driven by the influence of the culture westerners have been brought up with but also by comfort, ease, and search for recognition.
I strongly believe Executive Coaches should also support clients in identifying these natural barriers to building stronger “Togetherness” beyond their teams and even their organization. This notion of “Togetherness” should in fact have no limit as the more people feel fairness, empathy, and trust, the more they are safe to share and seek advice/support and give advice support, the more everyone can mutually benefit from the exchanges.
To conclude I would like to also invite people to think of the power for small companies or entrepreneurs of building togetherness even with your competitors. Indeed a natural reaction of many small companies would be to see how they are better than competitors to reassure themselves and sell their strength. They try to gain further market share convinced that gaining market share can only be done by reducing that of others and forgetting the mutual strength that can be built together.
Taking it beyond your organisation – building with your competitors
But here again, building with competitors is about building a trustworthy and transparent business environment that also generates trust for clients. Indeed, giving positive light to other companies will show that you are honest, willing to work to win business from the client, and are trustworthy.
Working with competitors can allow being stronger bypassing business back and forth, relying on each other if you can’t make a deadline, fit in that extra project; you may even be able to collaborate on big projects and work toward common goals you couldn’t achieve on your own.
I would also share 3 key reasons shared by Robert Tuchman to build with competitors which I would extend to 3 key reasons to build “togetherness” in a limitless way:
- Sharing information is often mutually beneficial
- Teaching accomplishes more than withholding does
- It is always towards the greater good in this case it is always better for the Industry.
As such the coach should support his clients to potentially build beyond the natural barriers they may have set for themselves, their organization, or their business.
Individualistic cultures and behaviors, Kendra Cherry, Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW
Dare to Lead by Brené Brown
Vertical Development in the Workplace Peter Bluckert
Gestalt Coaching, Peter Bluckert
'I Am Because We Are: The African Philosophy of Ubuntu, by Steve Paulson
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/careers/soft-skills/adaptive-leadership/: What is Adaptive Leadership?
Research Paper: Building Great Teams With Coaching
Harvard Business Review: 3 Tools to Help Leaders Steady their Teams during a Transition, by Victoria M. Grady
How Mastering Teamwork Will Make Your Organization Successful, by Alex Kowtun, Forbes Councils Member
The Advantage and The 5 Dysfunctions of a Team by PatDysfunctionsi
Patrick Lencioni In “The Advantage” and “the 5 Dysfunctions of a team” books
Why Working Together With Competition Will Improve an Entrepreneur’s, Bottom Line
5 Reasons You Need to Work With Your Competitors by Robert Tuchman | <urn:uuid:be7fb041-8a42-4254-961a-6699db764bae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://coachcampus.com/coach-portfolios/research-papers/the-power-of-togetherness/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.966772 | 3,203 | 2.0625 | 2 |
: 10 Mistakes that Most People Make
What to Learn About the Best Cameras
Deciding to look at the photography industry is important especially since it has a higher net worth plus you can enjoy a commercial or portrait photography depending on the occasion. Several people are interested in photography which is why they do their best to learn about the industry and identify photography skills that will catapult their career. Having to discover more about photography cameras is critical especially in an industry where clients expect the best photographs which will help them protect their favorite memories.
Thousands of Americans work as professional photographers and they can tell stories using their images or record events but this is influenced by the type of cameras they use at the end of the day. The DSLR camera comes with detachable lenses which allows the photographer to change pendant depending on the type of photography the client requests. Learning about several photography styles of critical and several learning institutions offer the best courses and skills to potential photographers.
If you’re looking for point and shoot cameras then they are the best option for compact cameras in the industry and many of them have automatic settings for exposure and flash units which are built in. Talking to a variety of vendors in the industry is helpful because they can guide you when looking for compact cameras plus make sure you go for simple options when you are recording or taking pictures for special events. Having a budget is critical because you might be overwhelmed by the type of cameras you find in the market today and click here for more information on how you can save money while shopping.
Mirrorless cameras contain electronic viewfinder compared to optical viewfinders that allows photographers to adjust their settings in real-time plus they are the best for different types of photography. If you want to enhance your photographs then you have to edit the photos and taking raw images allows you to edit them to look better which is why editing skills are highly important in the industry. Learning about your editing and photography skills from this company will be helpful at the end of the day because you reach out to a vast audience and showcase your best services.
Having honest testimonials about your services will boost your reputation in the industry but make sure several pictures are posted on your website. The industry is filled with different cameras depending on your skills and knowledge but make sure bridge cameras are part of the list when you’re not ready to invest in professional cameras plus they are lighter and easy to manage here!
More information: this link | <urn:uuid:961f587b-7984-4287-b93e-5800003b7230> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stones-ladies-and-gentlemen.info/10-mistakes-that-most-people-make-11/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.959345 | 494 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Not a question about card effect timing, but about the timing of the development of the rules!
This nifty article just came orbiting through my Twitter stream, about the history of Magic's rules. It has some delightful quotes:
The timing of spells is occasionally rather tricky. -- MtG rules, Revised, April 1994Usually, figuring out what happens first in Magic is pretty easy. -- MtG rules, Fourth Edition, April 1995
However, I want to ask about this claim from the blog post:
Which takes us to the end of our journey, 5th edition. 5th was released in march 1997, and at this time professional magic tournaments was thriving. Hence, any ambiguity of the previous rules had been cleaned up or removed. The rules for timing however were more complex than ever.-- Magnus de Laval, blog post, August 2014
You know what else happened that month? The release of the first big MtG videogame. (MicroProse, March 1997.)
The videogame included most of the cards through Fourth Edition, but operated under the brand-new 5thE rules:
That's because in Shandalar, the rules used are the official interpretations supplied by Wizards of the Coast. These up-to-date rules are ruthlessly enforced, and there is no room for negotiation, argument, intimidation of your opponent, or weaseling your way through loopholes.Tough luck, all you whiny rules lawyers.This version of Magic: The Gathering enforces the official Fifth Edition rules.-- MtG game manual, MicroProse, 1997
I'm not sure when development started on the game. But in 1996 and 1997, the WOTC designers must fielded a steady stream of haggard MicroProse developers asking "But how do you resolve this corner case? How do the timing rules really work?"
My long-held theory is that the clarifications and cleanups of 5thE are not so much because of the tournaments, but rather because of the effort of making the videogame behave consistently.
If you've played any modern board/card game with a computer implementation, like Ascension or RFTG, you know that the computer version quickly becomes "the real version" in your head. The easiest way to answer rules questions at Game Night is to say "The videogame does it this way." So my gut feeling is that MtG must have been the first big example of this.
But I don't know for sure. I only played a bit of MtG in the earliest days; I was never involved with the tournament scene.
Can anybody say more about this development history?
The next MtG rules update, Sixth Edition (April 1999), completely revamped the timing algorithm. Which we can fairly call an algorithm at that point! 6thE spell resolution uses a "stack", in the programming sense. So the computer paradigm obviously had an influence on its development. But that's a couple of years after the change I'm asking about. | <urn:uuid:4d06e086-0d9e-41c8-9212-9c745f536573> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.zarfhome.com/2018/07/a-question-about-magic-gathering-rules.html?m=0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.962885 | 609 | 1.5 | 2 |
Induction Motors are the most commonly used motors in most of the applications These are also called as Asynchronous Motors, because an induction motor always runs .In order to get a feeling for how electric cars work in general, let's start by looking at a typical electric car to see how it comes together 1; 2; 3.
An easy-to-understand explanation of electric bicycles, powered by powerful hub motors and super-efficient rechargeable batteriElectric guitar, unlike conventional acoustic guitar, are more expensive and sophisticated Electric Guitars work on the principle of electromagnetism and use.
Geysers work on a principle of converting electrical energy into the heat energy There is heating element inside the geyser which gets heatedCommon Electric Arc Welding Process , between the electrode and the work piece In this process, electrical energy is , and to understand this principle.
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This is a physics video that explains the basic principle of an electric motor generatorThe working of an electric iron is very simple - it takes current from the mains and heats up a coil inside it This heat is then transferred to the base plate which.
Induction Motors are the most commonly used motors in most of the applications These are also called as Asynchronous Motors, because an induction motor always runs .Principle and Working of Electric Motor An electric motor is a device which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy A common motor works on direct current.
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Students learn the basic principles of electric motors and explore everyday us They build a working model of an electric motor for classroom use, using an inexpensive kit16 Answers - What is the working principle of an electric motor Electrical MotorThe electric motor is a device which converts electrical energy to mechanical energy.
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An electric motor is an electrical machine that , improved grid electric distribution (prior work done while , the principle of any of the .Working Principle Of Overhead Crane With Hoist Electric , Find Complete Details about Working Principle Of Overhead Crane With Hoist Electric,Working Principle Of. | <urn:uuid:da02ed84-9d17-4bd3-92e7-302bdb72f831> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://strzelczyk-krzewy.pl/2022-07-21/38626.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.917478 | 828 | 3.5625 | 4 |
If we teach today as we taught yesterday, we rob our children of tomorrow.
John Dewey ”Democracy and Education” 1916.
Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Parents!
We cordially invite you to a unique school – the International High School of Wroclaw. The International High School of Wroclaw is a unique school because it is very modern, and at the same time, it draws on 30 years of learning experiences of Foundation of International Education (FIE) and standards of the best international institutions in the world. The above-quoted words of John Dewey, a prominent American educator, have accompanied FIE schools since 1990, when the first of them was founded.
Get to know us better
International High School of Wroclaw – a school which offers the best educational curriuclum you can find in Wroclaw: IB Diploma Program. Schoool’s success is based on over 30 years of educational experience of its governing body: Foundation of International Education.
Do you dream of studying at an renowned university? International Baccalureate (IB Diploma Programme) will help you realize those dreams. Our high school has rights of a Polish public school and a status of an IB World School.
The Mission of our school is to educate in a way that enables students to fully develop their abilities and talents. We instil self-confidence in them so that they can achieve success reflecting their individual abilities.
Foreign language teaching at the International High School of Wroclaw is one of the most important features on our curriculum. We employ highly qualified staff, including native speakers of English and prepare for International Baccalaureate and further studies in English.
The teaching staff of our school is a team of experienced professionals specialising in teaching in bilingual and international schools. They constantly increase their qualifications, participating in IB international training courses.
We offer learning in the most modern, state-of-the-art facilites. Our purposely built campus was opened in 2016 in Raclawicka Street 101 in Wroclaw. It is one of the most modern school facilities in Poland and was awarded in an architectural contest “Beautiful Wroclaw” in 2017.
A multicultural High School community is created by young people of both Polish and international origin. Among them there are graduates of various secondary schools (including the ATUT Bilingual Secondary School) and graduates of international schools (including the Wroclaw Internationl School).
A non-for-profit school
Foundation of International Education – the governing body of our high school – is a Polish public charity. Its aim it to provide international education and support talents. 1% of income tax can be dedicated to the development of the school’s educational offer.
The areas in which we particularly want to develop in the coming years include: perfecting of our educational offer, further development of the qualifications of our staff and development of the most modern technologies supporting education.
“Success thanks to cooperation. A modern school can not exist without parents”
Parents play a special role in the life of International High School of Wroclaw. A close cooperation with the school authorities is guaranted throuth their participation in Parent Teacher Association – a social body, which supports the Head of School and the faculty in development of the educational offer. | <urn:uuid:b1c84b3d-fe0b-4cbc-9d20-60ca4c101fc6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mlo-en.fem.org.pl/about-us/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.953071 | 692 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Adobe Flex 2.0 By Axel Jensen
Table of Contents • Evolution of Computer Applications • Advantages of Rich Internet Applications (RIA) • Different RIA Technologies at the current moment • Flex Builder 2.0.1 • Brief MXML Execution process. • Examples…
Understanding RIA • Evolution of Computer Applications • Mainframes > Desktop Client/Server Apps > Web Applications > Rich Internet Applications 80’s – 90’s Late 90’s early 00’s 05 -… 00’s
Advantages of RIA • Typically more user friendly. • businessManagers(); • Making it easier for users to work with software… • Making more productive software means reducing labor costs, while growing sales. • itOrganizations(); endUsers(); • Break away from page-base architectures reduces the load on web servers and overall network traffic.
RIA Technologies (cont) • Flash Player 9 • Focuses on improving script execution • Uses AVM (actionscript virtual machine) • Rebuilt from the ground up to work with actionscript 3.0 • Error handling has severely increased • Flex Builder 2 • Tool to design applications specifically built for RIAs. Built on the Eclipse platform
Things to cover • Flex Builder 2 • Create a new mxml Application Open Perspective Button Source/Design Buttons Run Button Code Editor Navigator View Problems/Debug
Things to cover (cont) • Application execution • Create a new mxml Application MXML ActionScript SWF Client with Flash Player
Now for some examples • Introduction to creating projects in flex builder • Build a hello world App • Using ArrayCollections and or XML to do mock up’s • Build a “to do list” • Show examples | <urn:uuid:74b7a9bd-13e8-42a3-9a68-18dda7f291b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fr.slideserve.com/les/adobe-flex-2-0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.691677 | 445 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Vacuum Thermoformed Packaging Market Overview
Plastics have become a vital part of packaging in today’s world. Plastics are finding a major portion of the packaging industry. Thermoforming is a process in which a sheet of plastic is heated made flexible then fabricated and shaped in required shape to make it usable. The sheet, or film when referring to thinner gauges and certain material types, is heated in an oven to a high-enough temperature and is stretched into or onto a mold and cooled to a finished shape.
The various factors that drive the Vacuum Thermoformed Packaging are that it is vital in compact packaging. Vacuum Thermoformed Packaging helps in maintaining the stability and protection of the products. The increasing demands from food manufacturers, such as the application for packaging that can be used to store fresh as well as processed food can be met. Vaccum Thermoformed Packaging is highly used in packaging due to their flexibility and durability. It aids the growing automation and demand due to ease of preparation, indirectly drives the global Vacuum Thermoformed Packaging market for efficient manufacturing and shipping of electronic components. The consumers are more inclined towards quick and safe intake of food ingredients/chemicals, which ultimately aids in driving the global Vacuum Thermoformed Packaging market. In the present scenario, in Vacuum Thermoformed Packaging market governments have laid down many rules and regulations in reference to the material used. These developments act as a major restraint on the growth of the global Vacuum Thermoformed Packaging products market over the forecast period. Also, during thermoforming, it is difficult to attain precise wall thickness symmetrically over the complete product, thereby affecting the quality standards of the product to a large extent. This technical difficulty leads to manufacturers looking for a substitute to vacuumed thermoformed packaging products, thereby acting as a restraint to the global Vacuum Thermoformed Packaging market.
The global vacuum thermoformed market is divided into seven regions, namely North America, Latin America, Asia Pacific excluding Japan (APEJ), Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Japan and the Middle East and Africa (MEA). Globally, the food industry is performing in a fast evolving manner where food manufacturers and suppliers are evolving, and work closely to meets the huge variety of demands from consumers. The vaccum thermoformed packaging market in North America is in its maturity phase. The Asia Pacific Vacuum Thermoformed Packaging market is expected to grow at significant CAGR during the forecast period, due to the growing end-use industry such as pharmaceutical food and personal care. With the increasing disposable income and consumerism, Asia Pacific and the Middle East region stand ahead regarding the demand for vacuum thermoformed trays. As a result, Vacuum Thermoformed Packaging market will witness a significant rise in CAGR through the forecasted period through our forecasted period. Europe and North America are also witnessing a steady however slower growth through the forecasted period. The consumers’ demands are changing in the region which is influenced by the growing retailers offering attractive and likewise innovative sale formats. The retailers’ now-a-days keep first-hand knowledge on demands and purchase habits of the consumers which they transfer to the upper stream of manufacturers in the supply chain. This information from retailers to the manufacturers call for the demand of vaccum thermoformed packaging, since it is a packaging material for manufacturers. Thus, the vaccum thermoformed packaging manufacturer has to strategize their business through consumer insights and responses, the regional shift in the eating habits and penetration of modernizing food products such as fast food, demand for technology etc.
The prominent players in the Vacuum Thermoformed Packaging market are:
- Bardes Plastics,Inc
- Reflex Packaging,Inc
- Innovative Plastec ,Inc
- Tek Pac,Inc
- Vantage Plastics
- Nishihara Manufacturing
- Shepherd Thermoforming and Packaging
- K K Packaging Systems
The research report presents a comprehensive assessment of the market and contains thoughtful insights, facts, historical data, and statistically supported and industry-validated market data. It also contains projections using a suitable set of assumptions and methodologies. The research report provides analysis and information according to categories such as market segments, geographies, types, technology and applications.
The report covers exhaustive analysis on:
- Market Segments
- Market Dynamics
- Market Size
- Supply & Demand
- Current Trends/Issues/Challenges
- Competition & Companies involved
- Value Chain
Regional analysis includes
- North America (U.S., Canada)
- Latin America (Mexico, Brazil and Rest of Latin America)
- Western Europe (Germany, Italy, France, U.K, Spain, Nordic countries, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg and Rest of Western Europe)
- Eastern Europe (Poland, Russia and Rest of Eastern Europe)
- Asia Pacific (China, India, ASEAN, Australia & New Zealand)
- Middle East and Africa (GCC, S. Africa, and Rest of MEA)
The report is a compilation of first-hand information, qualitative and quantitative assessment by industry analysts, inputs from industry experts and industry participants across the value chain. The report provides in-depth analysis of parent market trends, macro-economic indicators and governing factors along with market attractiveness as per segments. The report also maps the qualitative impact of various market factors on market segments and geographies.
Global Vacuum Thermoformed Packaging Market is mainly classified on the basis of material used, industry, and geographies.
Based on material type Vacuum Thermoformed Packaging can be segmented as follows:
- HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene)
- PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)
- PP (Polypropylene)
- HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene)
On the basis of end-use industry, Vacuum Thermoformed Packaging market can be segmented as follows:-
- Canned Foods
- Personal Care
On the basis of geographies, Vacuum Thermoformed Packaging market is segmented across 7 key regions:
- North America
- Latin America
- Western Europe
- Eastern Europe
- Asia Pacific Excluding Japan
- Middle East & Africa | <urn:uuid:f9894a01-251a-43dd-81bf-6c862ec82d4f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/vacuum-thermoformed-packaging-market | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.923936 | 1,367 | 2.140625 | 2 |
has been designed to be sensitive to its surroundings and to the significance of the monument.
The placement and design of the building seems to attempt to place the focus on Stonehenge rather than the visitor centre. However, the design seems as though it could be anywhere in the world for any manner of attractions. I understand that this is the second round of designs after the subterranean design by DCM was quashed, however I think the design seems to be trying to please too many people and stakeholders.
From the renders and plans it is hard to judge whether the access road and car park are hidden from view. I hope that this is the case and that some form of ha-ha has been incorporated into the landscape design to obscure the road and car park from view to create a sense of flowing green fields that currently exists.
To see all the renders and plans go to the gallery at English Heritage
SOURCE: English Heritage
IMAGE SOURCE: English Heritage | <urn:uuid:53ccda66-3fde-4dc8-be63-761bd9dc54b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://worldlandscapearchitect.com/english-heritage-unveils-stonehenge-visitor-centre-designs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.983141 | 195 | 2.03125 | 2 |
A Beginner’s Guide to Revenue Marketing
Marketing can be classified broadly into four categories: Traditional marketing, Lead generation, Demand Generation, and Revenue marketing. Usually, the first focus of all companies is to build a brand i.e. generate recognition for their name and products. This is called traditional marketing.
Next, they focus on Lead Generation, where marketing teams look for high-value leads that have a chance of contributing to sales. Demand generation comes next. It is a combined effort of the marketing and sales team to create multi-channel campaigns that attract B2C and B2B buyers.
Revenue marketing is what comes next. Let us take a brief look at What is Revenue Marketing?
Revenue marketing is a holistic marketing approach that aims at identifying specific marketing channels that guarantee revenue growth and ensure maximum ROI.
How is it Different from the Marketing We have Seen Till Now?
Before revenue marketing became a thing, markers were used to generate leads, qualify them and send them to the sales team. Their job would be done as the sales team would pursue the leads. Here the sales team would focus on the leads that have a higher probability to close.
On the contrary, revenue marketing is a completely different approach where the sales and marketing team work together and follow a comprehensive approach to scale up lead and demand generation.
Why is Revenue Marketing Important? What Makes it So Different?
The importance of revenue marketing lies within its primary goals:
- It focuses on a solid and smooth sales process via the sales funnel.
- It gives importance to strategies that have a higher probability of success
- It involves a holistic approach where the marketing and sales team constitute the revenue-generating center.
- Due to its very specific approach, this approach has a willingness to kill traffic in order to generate revenue.
Benefits of Revenue Marketing
If implemented effectively, revenue marketing offers three key benefits
An increased focus on customers: Traditional marketing usually focuses on finding ways to boost demand by creating curiosity and appeal for its products and services. Revenue marketing, on the other hand, focuses predominantly on what the customer wants. What does the customer want from the product? What changes can you bring that will make them want to buy more? What other factors contribute to conversion? Do service response and website navigation play any role in it? These are the questions that a revenue marketer constantly asks.
A diverse team working together: In traditional marketing, the role of the sales team begins where the marketer ends. They are usually at odds with each other because marketers look to raise brand awareness whereas the sales team is concerned with the specifics of individual conversions. More often than not, their efforts have a chance to work against each other. In revenue marketing, they all work together. They both have a singular focus, that is the customer and what he wants. They work towards a common goal.
An improved and specific goal-setting process: In revenue marketing, the one and only goal is to generate revenue. By testing different channels and ways to generate revenue that boost customer acquisition and sales from specific sources, it is easier to create goals that are realistic rather than based on a notion of potential customer action.
Tips to Create a Successful Revenue Marketing Strategy
Revenue marketing requires creating a significant shift in your marketing team’s focus. It will also affect the company’s overall objectives and revenue growth. The approach encourages aligning goals and action plans with other teams like sales and finance. Here are some tips that will help you create an effective revenue marketing strategy.
Understand your Target Audience and their Buying Cycle: For developing an effective revenue marketing strategy, it is not enough to simply identify your target audience, you need to understand their needs and determine their buying cycle. It will give you an exact understanding of where to make specific moves to influence them at every stage. This will help you come up with impactful communication strategies .
Bring your Marketing and Sales Team Together with a Single Goal: Revenue marketing can only be successful if the marketing and sales team put effort together into developing coordinated campaigns after closely scrutinizing the buyer’s behavior, profile, and buying cycle. Inputs from both teams are equally important. In order for this to happen, they must have common objectives, Key performance indicators (KPIs), and other critical aspects of the operation.
The insight that different teams offer one another will only help understand the audience better. Working together also helps in taking a qualitative measurement of the impact the marketing strategies have made so far and making necessary tweaks.
Implement Suitable Marketing Campaigns: Revenue marketing cannot perform to its maximum potential if no other form of marketing is done. So there is a need to implement other digital marketing strategies alongside to increase brand awareness while improving lead generation and conversion rates.
Maximize Performance Monitoring and Budget Allocation: Being a combined effort by different teams, there is more of a need to analyze the performance of the campaigns periodically and make necessary adjustments. It will only give a clearer picture of what works and what doesn’t. As a first priority, there should be constant monitoring of all the crucial metrics that cover all daily activities apart from the overall revenue metrics.
Most companies follow the old marketing structure even today. There is huge importance given to creating brand awareness. Running a business requires proper planning and keeping yourself updated about the recent developments in the finance world. As revenue marketing proves to be highly effective, it may be time for you to look into your marketing system and develop an effective revenue marketing strategy.
Do you want to transform the marketing journey of your business? If you do not know how, then you need the right team in place. You can always consult a digital marketing agency that will help you align your goals and objectives to benefit revenue marketing. | <urn:uuid:764f375d-505a-4655-9a7b-d7b9d575633e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cyfersolutions.com/beginners-guide-to-revenue-marketing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.948471 | 1,182 | 1.523438 | 2 |
This article examines the rise of the al-Qa'ida-aligned group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS) since its announcement in April 2013 until September 2013. It focuses in particular on its military operations and its relations with other rebel groups. The article concludes by examining what the future holds for ISIS on the whole.
INTRODUCTION: THE IDEOLOGY
The group under consideration in this paper–like al-Qa'ida central under Usama bin Ladin and subsequently Ayman al-Zawahiri, the Tehrik-e-Taliban of Waziristan, and others–is part of what one might term the "global jihad" movement. This movement is not a coherent whole organized by a strict central hierarchy, but rather one defined by a shared ideology. This ideology aims firstly to reestablish a system of governance known as the Caliphate–an Islamic form of government that first came into being after Muhammad's death under Abu Bakr and saw its last manifestation in the Ottoman Empire–across the entire Muslim world. From there, the intention is to spread the Caliphate across the entire world.
This worldview is one of many answers formulated to answer a question posed in the wider Muslim world: Namely, what has been the cause of decline of the Muslim world–and the Arab world in particular–in contrast to the apparent success of the West since the nineteenth century? The answer formulated by ideologues of the global jihad movement is that the cause of this decline is rooted in the Muslim world's deviation from the path of Islam by not applying Islamic law to governance in its totality. This is to be contrasted with the "Islamic Golden Age" in Islam's first five centuries or so–idealized in different ways by others not of this orientation–when the Muslim world was supposedly uncontaminated by foreign influences. Of course, given that era's exploitation of the classical Greek heritage through the translation movement under the Abbasids- the global jihad movement's portrayal of this era is blatantly unhistorical. Nonetheless, the perception is what matters.
In light of the ISIS' ambitious goals, it is imperative to consider the group's fortunes in Syria, which in turn will allow policymakers to assess what threat, if any, the group poses to the wider international order in the long-term.
BACKGROUND: QUARRELS AT THE LEADERSHIP LEVEL
Prior to the announcement of ISIS by the leader of Iraq's al-Qa'ida affiliate, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the main al-Qa'ida-aligned group operating in Syria was Jabhat al-Nusra (JN) under the leadership of Abu Muhammad al-Jawlani. JN, which had initially been established in January 2012 with financial and manpower support from the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI), had enjoyed a fair degree of success throughout Syria in conducting operations and establishing a foothold in areas freed from regime control.
The success was partly rooted in the manner in which JN has portrayed its efforts in Syria–namely, as a defensive jihad to protect the Muslim population in the face of oppression. Thus, outreach to locals became and still remains an important part of JN's strategy. For example, media reports widely noted JN's running of bakery services for locals in places such as Aleppo, and one jihadi news outlet–the Himam News Agency–regularly puts out videos of JN's provision of public services in towns such as Binnish in Idlib, where JN fighters run garbage collection and disposal.
In terms of JN's overall position in Syria, while it was clear that the group had a presence in operations throughout the country from Dar'a in the far southwest to Hasakah in the far northeast, the evidence suggested that the group was best established in the Aleppo and Deir al-Zor governorates. However, it by no means follows from this assessment that JN somehow controlled a substantial amount of territory in either of these provinces. Moreover, JN had faced a degree of resentment and backlash from locals, as occurred in the town of Mayadin in the Deir al-Zor governorate–though such demonstrations of opposition could easily be met with counter-rallies by JN supporters. In March 2013, JN along with the Salafi battalion Harakat Ahrar al-Sham al-Islamiyya played a key role in the takeover of the provincial capital of the Raqqa Governorate in the north.
April 2013 then saw the unexpected development of the announcement by ISI leader Baghdadi of a merger between ISI and JN to form ISIS. In the speech released on April 8, 2013, by ISI's official outlet al-Furqan Media, Baghdadi described Jawlani as "one of our soldiers" and stated that Jawlani had established his organization "from our sons." Baghdadi went on to explain that while there had been no explicit statement of the links between ISI and JN, the time had now come to declare that JN was simply an "extension" of ISI "and a part of it." Thus, Baghdadi announced the "cancellation of the name Islamic State of Iraq and the cancellation of the name Jabhat al-Nusra, and the joining of the two under one name: the "Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham."
Baghdadi's words, therefore, confirmed long-standing suspicions among Western intelligence officials that JN had been established as the Syrian arm of the ISI, something that was also corroborated in a prompt response released by JN's official media wing al-Manara al-Bayda ("The White Minaret") on 10 April. In his response, Jawlani denied that either he or anyone in JN had been consulted on or had sought the announcement of Baghdadi's merger, while admitting that the beginnings of JN lay in ISI, as indicated by the following remark: "We accompanied the jihad in Iraq as military escorts from its beginning until our return [to Syria] after the Syrian revolution."
Jawlani further stated, "We learnt lessons from our experience there [in Iraq] concerning what is the secret of the hearts of the believers in the land of al-Sham under the banner of Jabhat al-Nusra... I did not want to leave Iraq before seeing the banners of Islam flying on high over the land of the two rivers but the speed of events in ash-Sham interfered between us and what we wanted." Jawlani also spoke of "our brothers in jihad in Iraq" and respectfully addressed ISI's leader as "Sheikh Baghdadi, may God protect him." He then concluded by reaffirming JN's pledge of allegiance to al-Qa'ida's central leader Ayman al-Zawahiri, affirming that the "banner of Jabhat al-Nusra will remain."
The controversy over whether ISI and JN should be merged remained unaddressed until June 2013. During that time, both JN and ISI's media arms stopped releasing official content. In addition, tracking the activities of JN and those going by the name of ISIS required reliance on unofficial media, most notably YouTube videos.Zawahiri then issued a letter in early June 2013 urging for the separation of ISI and JN, while stressing that the two organizations should cooperate. Yet Baghdadi rejected the ruling of separation in a speech entitled "Remaining [Steadfast] in Iraq and al-Sham," wherein he insisted that Zawahiri's letter had problems of legitimacy and methodology, hinting at a cast of doubt of authenticity on the letter.
Then another audio recording was released by al-Furqan Media, featuring a speech by Shaykh Abu Muhammad al-Adnani al-Shami, a Syrian jihadi believed to be from Idliband identified by al-Furqan Media as the official spokesman for ISIS. Adnani reaffirmed Baghdadi's rejection of Zawahiri's ruling in more forceful terms, insisting on "one front, one leadership," and that "the borders will not separate between the two [i.e., the jihad fronts in Iraq and Syria]." Adnani also vowed that ISIS would target the "Rafidites" (Shi'a) with bombs "from Diyala to Beirut." On multiple occasions, Adnani references the "defection" (inshiqaq) that has hurt the ranks of the mujahidin in Syria–a not-so-subtle attack on Jawlani's refusal to accept a merger with ISI to form ISIS.
As of the writing of this article, no further directives have been issued from Zawahiri in an attempt to resolve the dispute. Indeed, Baghdadi's rejection of his ruling essentially amounts to a humiliation of Zawahiri. In Iraq itself, written statements are no longer put out in the name of ISI, but ISIS. Further, while officially approved jihadi forums such as Shamukh Islam were initially deleting posts put out in ISIS' name after Zawahiri's ruling, this is no longer the case. Nonetheless, al-Furqan Media, which now puts out videos on ISIS activities in both Iraq and Syria, still explicitly avoids describing itself as the media arm of ISIS, but instead keeps a silence on the naming controversy in its videos.
Besides al-Furqan Media, some unofficial pro-ISIS outlets have come to the forefront, such as al-Sham media (which put out a string of purported ISIS videos in May 2013, and is based in Raqqa) and Baqiyya Media (named after Baghdadi's speech that rejected Zawahiri's ruling). In any event, Baghdadi has successfully challenged Zawahiri in that in practice ISIS is now accepted as a reality on the ground alongside JN.
As a final prefatory note, the Baghdadi-Jawlani fitna aside, it should be emphasized that as al-Qa'ida affiliates, both ISIS and JN are ultimately committed ideologically to a transnational project for a caliphate that should first span the Muslim world and then dominate the entire world. However, it is undoubtedly true that ISIS in Syria is much more open about these goals than JN. The question now arises of how ISIS' relationship with other groups plays out on the ground.
ISIS AND OTHER REBELS: RELATIONS AND OPERATIONS
JN AND ISIS
In light of the quarrels at the leadership level between Baghdad and Jawlani, the immediate issue that comes to mind is ISIS' relationship with JN on the ground. A common paradigm of analysis in this case is to posit a polarized dichotomy whereby ISIS is an entity composed of foreign fighters as opposed to a native Syrian JN. This view is primarily based on some media reports that estimate that 80 percent of muhajirin (foreign fighters) in Syria have joined the ranks of ISIS.
In this author's view, the estimate is likely to bear a good degree of resemblance to the reality on the ground, but it would be erroneous to conclude from it that ISIS is primarily a group of foreign fighters. To be sure, from the current author's own documentation of claimed martyrs for ISIS up to the beginning of July 2013, as well as examination of subsequent records on this issue, it can be shown that at the minimum, foreign fighters are disproportionately represented in its ranks and constitute the most experienced and effective fighting force within ISIS, while perhaps playing a key role in leadership in various localities. Yet in Raqqa province, one anti-ISIS activist identified as Ahmed al-Asmeh told the news siteSyria Deeply that only "30 percent of their [ISIS'] members are muhajiroun [foreigners]." Likewise, a reporter who visited the northern ISIS stronghold of Jarabulus in the Aleppo governorate along the border with Turkey found that most of ISIS' members in the town are native Syrians.
In short, therefore, the strict dichotomy of ISIS as a group of foreign fighters versus a native Syrian JN is not accurate. As far as relations on the ground go, the relationship defies a simple polarity reflecting the tensions at the leadership level. The current author has already documented the ISIS-JN relationship in a number of governorates: notably Aleppo, Raqqa, Deir al-Zor, and Dar'a. Details of the relationship by governorate need not be repeated at length, but to summarize: In Aleppo and the city of Deir al-Zor, the entities of JN and ISIS are clearly separate. In Dar'a, only a JN presence is to be found. In the Raqqa governorate and areas of the east outside Deir al-Zor, the boundaries between JN and ISIS are more blurred, such that in many parts the two names and their symbols can be considered interchangeable.
That said, since having documented the JN-ISIS relationship in the Raqqa province, it should be noted that in mid-July 2013, reports emerged among activist circles that the ISIS commander in the city of Raqqa itself–known as Abu Sa'ad al-Hadrami–had decided to renounce his position in ISIS and reaffirm the banner and name of JN as a separate identity and the only legitimate one, withdrawing from the city in the process with a number of mujahidin under his stead. Hadrami, who had previously been identified as JN's amir in Raqqa prior to the announcement of ISIS, was said to have defected from ISIS on account of his dissatisfaction with ISIS' conduct in the city, specifically in relation to detaining rebels from rival battalions (e.g. Farouq), which had sparked some demonstrations in the city against ISIS and Ahrar al-Sham.
Hadrami was also said to be unhappy with the fact that continuing the name of ISIS amounted to disrespectful disobedience of Zawahiri's orders. At the start of July 2013, signs of a split in the Shari'a committee in Raqqa between JN and ISIS supporters were reported by purported local sources to the pro-Asad Arabic news site al-Hadath News. The contingent reaffirming a separate JN identity under Hadrami apparently took refuge in the city of town of Tabqa (also known as al-Thawra). Confirmation of the JN-ISIS split within Raqqa province was recently confirmed by a statement from JN announcing a return to the city of Raqqa, yet it remains unclear whether this split applies across the whole governorate.
In terms of ongoing major operations, it remains to consider the two governorates of Damascus and Hasakah as regards the JN-ISIS relationship, the latter of which will be discussed on the subject of conflict with Kurdish forces. In the Damascus area, it is quite clear that JN and ISIS are separate entities. This is most apparent as the two groups launched their own "revenge" operations in response to the alleged chemical weapons attacks by the regime in the East Ghouta area. JN's initiative–as announced by Jawlani in a statement through al-Manara al-Bayda–is called "An Eye for an Eye" and has entailed operations not only in the Damascus area but elsewhere in the country, such as the Aleppo governorate.
The ISIS-led revenge initiative goes by the name of "Volcano of Revenge." It has entailed firing a number of mortar rounds and Katyusha rockets at regime-held areas of Damascus, including parts identified as inhabited by Alawites, and even struck the vicinities of the Russian embassy and the Four Seasons hotel, where UN weapons inspectors were staying. The operation was coordinated with a variety of battalions operating in the Damascus area, including Ahrar al-Sham, the Jesus Son of Mary Battalions, the Furqan Brigades, and the Brigades and Battalions of the Beloved Mustafa.Of these groups, Ahrar ash-Sham can be identified as part of the Salafi Syrian Islamic Front (SIF), while the Furqan Brigades are known for an Islamist but nationalist outlook under the banner of the Free Syrian Army (FSA). However, the other two can be identified as independent formations but ideologically sympathetic to ISIS.
Thus, the Jesus Son of Mary Battalions' logo features ISIS imagery, most notably in its use of the central white logo with the inscription "Allah, Prophet Muhammad" (see the Appendix, Figure 1). On Facebook pages set up for various battalions and news networks, ideological affinity is often indicated by banners featured at the top of the page. For example, a pro-Asad page will normally feature the current flag of Syria. In the case of factions sympathetic to ISIS' project of a transnational Islamic state, alignment will be shown by featuring the ISIS banner, known as the "Banner of Tawhid" in jihadi circles, with the first half of the Islamic shahada underneath: "There is no deity but God." This is the case for the Jesus Son of Mary Battalions (see Appendix, Figure 2). As for the Brigades and Battalions of the Beloved Mustafa, sympathy for the ISIS project is indicated by a statement released in June 2013 urging "our brothers and our sons to join immediately and enter the arenas of jihad." The statement featured an image of Syria under the ISIS banner (Appendix, Figure 3).
Despite the ISIS-alignment, the two groups have also coordinated with JN and more mainstream groupings like Liwa al-Islam as part of a new series of revenge operations entitled "Ayyam al-Qadisiyya" in the Damascus area. However, elsewhere in the Damascus region, multiple reports have emerged from jihadi sources of joint JN-ISIS operations. The most notable case is that of the Sayyida Zaynab area, where both groups are said to be fighting the Iranian proxy Shi'i militia group known as Liwa Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas [LAFA]. For example, on August 17, 2013, a local outlet for ISIS in the southern Damascus region reported a joint JN-ISIS-Liwa al-Islam operation in the Sayyida Zaynab area, claiming a death toll of more than 250 Shi'i militiamen. However, there is nothing to corroborate anything resembling these figures from LAFA sources.
On the other hand, the same ISIS outlet has featured photos of LAFA militiamen that ISIS has purportedly killed in the Sayyida Zaynab area in this period, and it would seem that pro-LAFA sources do corroborate the individual cases to an extent, such as one LAFA fighter called Abu Hadi Hassan (Appendix, Figure 4). Yet given that the operations against LAFA in mid-August 2013 were reported as joint ISIS-JN-Liwa al-Islam, it is possible that Abu Hadi could have been killed by a fighter from either of the latter two battalions, or perhaps in a joint operation by all three groups.
On August 30, 2013, the local ISIS outlet also released a video showing the carrying out of a joint JN-ISIS car bomb operation against LAFA in Sayyida Zaynab. Besides displaying the car used to trigger the explosion, scenes were also shown from the Sayyida Zaynab area of gunfire. In short, one might accept the idea of JN-ISIS collaboration (perhaps with other battalions) in the Sayyida Zaynab area, with the caveat that local sources affiliated with ISIS are prone to exaggerate the scale of operations against LAFA and the death tolls therein.
Another notable area of JN-ISIS cooperation comes in the Qalamoun area of rural Damascus. Here, this cooperation has come in the form of working with another battalion called "The Green Battalion." This group is an independent militia led by Saudi muhajirin and ideologically aligned with ISIS (Appendix, Figure 5). It is thus a similar formation to the western rural Homs battalion Jama'at Jund al-Sham, which was founded by Lebanese muhajirin sharing ISIS' ideology but independent from ISIS (Appendix, Figure 6, cf. Figure 7).
These two groups can thus be distinguished from the prominent group of foreign fighters known as Jaysh al-Muhajirin wa Ansaruhu [JMWA], which has been a front group for ISIS under the direction of ISIS' amir for Aleppo, northern Idlib, Raqqa, and Latakia–Abu Umar al-Shishani. In any case, the joint JN-ISIS operation in Qalamoun with the Green Battalion was first reported by the latter group in a Facebook posting on August 7, 2013: "Jabhat al-Nusra and the Green Battalion undertook with the help of the Islamic State... in the assault on the storehouses of Danha in rural Damascus."
To sum up, the relationship between JN and ISIS in Damascus can be described as comprising separate entities that are clearly capable of cooperating with each other and working with other battalions. More generally, there is nothing to suggest as of yet signs of overt conflict emerging between JN and ISIS, where the two are clearly separate entities–regardless of how unhappy many JN members may feel about Baghdadi's April announcement of a merger.
ISIS and FSA
As regards ISIS' relations with battalions under the banner of the FSA, this article is primarily concerned with how they have played out in the Raqqa and Aleppo governorates, where vast amounts of territory are under rebel control.Previously, the current author has documented the expansion of ISIS into rural areas of Aleppo and Idlib, particularly in the border areas. This has entailed clashes with battalions under the banner of the FSA, such as the "Family of Jadir" in Jarabulus, from whom ISIS seized power in mid-June 2013, and FSA groupings in al-Dana.
Elsewhere, ISIS clashed in August 2013 with the Raqqa branch of a group of brigades under the banner of FSA known as Ahfad al-Rasul ("Descendants of the Prophet," AAR). The ISIS presence has also sparked civilian protests against the group in a number of localities, including al-Dana, Manbij, and Azaz.
It would appear that the clashes began after AAR tried to ride the wave of discontent in the form of sit-ins and rallies against both Ahrar al-Sham and ISIS on account of the long-standing issue of detention of rival rebels. AAR's sympathies were shown by the fact that its Facebook page for Raqqa shared a video of these demonstrations in early August 2013. Clashes were reported by the Lebanese news site to have begun on August 8, 2013, with some ten people killed on both sides.
A video was then circulated in pro-ISIS circles purporting to show the confession of an officer in AAR's ranks admitting to having received support from France, in particular to fight the ISIS. From this alleged confession (which was quite clearly made under duress), pro-ISIS circles began to refer to AAR as "Ahfad Faransa" ("descendants of France"), and eventually denounced them as "apostates." They also accused AAR of trying to form a Sahwa ("Awakening") movement, supposedly equivalent to the anti-al-Qa'ida trend that took off in Iraq among Sunni militiamen from 2007 onwards.
ISIS supporters used similar terminology to denounce their FSA opponents in the Idlib town of al-Dana, but it should be noted that neither AAR in Raqqa nor the FSA fighters in al-Dana referred to themselves as a Sahwa movement. Indeed, considering the word's connotations of working with Americans and the Iraqi government, the latter of which in Syria is widely viewed as an Iranian agent by virtue of its support for the Asad regime, it is hardly surprising that rebels deemed "mainstream" should want to avoid using this term to describe themselves.
By August 14, 2013, ISIS had killed a prominent AAR commander in the Raqqa area by the name of Fahad Husayn al-Kajwan, and had expelled AAR from its headquarters in the city of Raqqa. AAR, however, continued to fight with ISIS elsewhere in the province, attacking an ISIS checkpoint in the town of Tabqa.
By August 17, however, AAR announced that it would cease all operations against ISIS, "to preserve frontline unity."An AAR commander who spoke with Swedish analyst Aron Lund also confirmed that the AAR-ISIS clashes were limited to the Raqqa area and that the two groups had cooperated elsewhere: most notably in the failed Latakia offensive into the Alawi heartland. One should further note in particular here the role of Ahrar al-Sham: as this author's friend Shami Witness noticed, the group essentially stood aside and let ISIS do the "dirty work" of eliminating a common foe.
In some other parts of the Aleppo and Raqqa governorates, ISIS has maintained friendly relations with battalions under the FSA banner, most notably the then FSA Military Council in Aleppo, headed by one Colonel Oqaidi, who refused to denounce the ISIS and admitted that ISIS was the group that led the rebel takeover of the Mannagh airbase. It is of course true that the FSA-banner groups, such as the Northern Storm Brigade, had besieged the Mannagh airbase for quite some time. Nonetheless, the contributions of ISIS and its then front group JMWA proved decisive in the eventual fall of the airbase. Early on after the fall of the airbase, pro-ISIS outlets released photos attempting to demonstrate that the ISIS had led the takeover of Mannagh (Appendix, Figures 8 and 9).
Noteworthy also from the fall of the Mannagh airbase is a video released by the battalion Liwa al-Fatah, described by one writer as a "moderate Islamist" group. A quick glance at the video quickly demonstrates that in analysis, the term "moderate Islamist" in this context is quite meaningless. First, Abu Jandal al-Masri, the leader of the JMWA contingent–identified immediately by the speaker who filmed the video as synonymous with ISIS–is seen to be embracing a member of Liwa al-Fatah. Abu Jandal then proclaims, "I swear by God we will not leave a single Alawite alive in Syria... state of Islam, state of the Caliphate." This is all proclaimed to the assent of "God is great" from the other fighters, including the Liwa al-Fatah member who filmed the video.
Another prominent FSA battalion in the Aleppo area with which ISIS generally maintains cordial relations is Liwa al-Tawhid, whose ideological orientation is in line with that of the Ikhwan. In July 2013, rumors began circulating–in origin from pro-Supreme Military Command circles (affiliated with General Salim Idriss)–that the rebel icon from Jarabulus, Abu Furat, had been killed by "Islamists" (i.e., JN/ISIS). However, Liwa al-Tawhid soon issued a statement denying that this was so, describing such rumors as an attempt by Western powers to stir up fitna(discord) in rebel ranks through the Arabic news channel al-Arabiya. More recently, an image was put out showing a member of Liwa al-Tawhid in Aleppo engaging in a friendly arm-wrestling match with an ISIS fighter (Appendix, Figure 10). Yet not all supporters of Liwa al-Tawhid view ISIS favorably. Some held a demonstration in the northern Aleppo town of Marea calling for the expulsion of ISIS from the town, under the slogan, "The people want Liwa al-Tawhid."
In short, the foregoing data should demonstrate that there can be no sweeping answers to the question of ISIS-FSA relations, but rather point to a good deal of variation according to locality. Not all the potential conflicts that can arise are necessarily rooted in ideology, and by no means do all battalions under the banner of the FSA oppose ISIS simply because of their transnational vision. The issue of FSA-ISIS relations is also relevant to the question of conflicts with Kurdish forces, to which will be covered in the following section.
ISIS and the Kurds
Prior to the announcement of ISIS, clashes between jihadi fighters and Kurdish forces–most notably the People's Protection Groups (YPG) affiliated with the PYD–had not been unknown. For example, clashes between JN allied with a battalion of muhajirin known as Ghuraba al-Sham and the PYD had erupted in the northeastern border town of Ras al-Ayn (Hasakah province) in November 2012.However, these clashes tended to be localized and never erupted into an overall wider conflict. To be sure, the conflict in Ras al-Ayn persisted for quite some time, but by the end of February 2013, a truce had been successfully negotiated, thanks to the efforts of Christian opposition activist Michel Kilo.
A dramatic shift occurred in July 2013 with the renewed outbreak of clashes in Ras al-Ayn between YPG forces and fighters deemed members of ISIS/JN. This culminated in the expulsion of the latter from the town, with rumors that YPG fighters, after taking over the ISIS/JN headquarters, had defiled the banner of jihad by trampling on it with their shoes. One should note the way in which this incident and subsequent events in al-Hasakah involving jihadi-YPG fighting have been reported. That is, the names of JN/ISIS are generally used interchangeably with frequent claims of joint operations. Based the current author's own research on the JN-ISIS relationship in eastern Syria that looked at the town of al-Shaddadi in the Hasakah province, the apparent confusion and claims of joint operations in Hasakah appear to be the result of the fact that the boundaries between JN and ISIS are blurred, as is the case in the Deir al-Zor governorate outside the city of Deir al-Zor.
In any case, following the expulsion of JN/ISIS from Ras al-Ayn, fighting between JN/ISIS and YPG forces quickly expanded, not only throughout Hasakah province but also the Raqqa and Aleppo governorates, where YPG forces existed in various localities–albeit not with the connections that exist in the northeast Hasakah governorate. For example, prior to the clashes, ISIS had tolerated a limited PYD presence in its northern stronghold of Jarabulus, even after defeating the Family of Jadir. However, once the fighting in Ras al-Ayn erupted, ISIS rallied supporters in Jarabulus to denounce the PKK (seen in jihadi circles as synonymous with and identical to the PYD).In collaboration with local FSA groupings, ISIS proceeded to crack down on the PYD presence in the Jarabulus area, arresting numerous Kurds who were charged with being PKK/PYD activists. YPG forces proceeded to launch an offensive against ISIS in a village near the town of Jarabulus, but were ultimately unsuccessful.
Other battalions quickly joined in taking ISIS' side against the PKK/PYD. Thus, on August 2, 2013, a group of battalions from an area stretching from Manbij to Jarabulus (where YPG forces have been most active in the Aleppo governorate) issued a joint statement against the PKK/PYD, saying that there is no doubt that the PKK was a "party affiliated with the idolatrous, criminal regime of Bashar al-Assad." As a result, the coalition decided on a policy of "cleansing out the armies of the PKK present among our lines... considering the highway road between Manbij and al-Hasakah a military zone requiring liberation from PKK checkpoints... stopping all negotiations and political meetings between us and any front considered to be representing the PKK." Signatories to this statement included the ISIS, Liwa al-Tawhid, Ahrar al-Sham, Liwa al-Yarmouk, and Suqur al-Sham.
As can be seen, battalions of a variety of ideological affiliations have taken ISIS' side against the PKK/PYD. Dislike of the latter was further corroborated in Colonel Oqaidi's interview with NOW Lebanon, where he likewise accused the PYD of being an agent for the Asad regime. It is this allegation that proves crucial to the rhetoric of ISIS and other rebel factions against the PYD in an attempt to show they are not against Kurds as a people. Thus the joint statement against the PKK/PYD also has the signatories emphasize that they have nothing against Kurds who are not connected with the PKK.
In a similar vein, this author's own discussions with ISIS supporters and jihadi sources have shown a tendency among these circles to portray the PYD as a marginal communist apostate group with little popular support among Syrian Kurds. Likewise, conflict in the Raqqa governorate's Turkish border town of Tel Abyad between PKK/PYD forces on one side versus ISIS/JN in alliance with Ahrar al-Sham and some FSA groupings–which culminated in the expulsion of the PKK/PYD from the town–saw repeated allegations against ISIS/JN, in particular of systematic looting and destruction of Kurdish property. In response to these repeated claims, ISIS released a statement indicating that its fighters were obliged to protect the property of Muslim brothers, whether Kurdish or Arab, but presumably excluding those affiliated with the PYD/PKK and thus deemed apostates.
As of the writing of this article, the overall picture in the conflict is that YPG forces have suffered serious setbacks in both the Aleppo and Raqqa governorates. Yet they are still holding their own in the Hasakah province. Nonetheless, there have been no major advances by either side, as JN/ISIS has been unable to retake Ras al-Ayn, despite repeated attempts at bombarding YPG positions in the town.Indeed, one ISIS source claimed that ISIS in alliance with FSA battalions had rooted out the PKK/PYD presence from more than 90 percent of the northern Raqqa countryside around the Tel Abyad area and vowed that the PKK/PYD would be eliminated entirely, including from the Hasakah governorate. Some new mujahidin umbrella groupings have been declared dedicated to achieving this objective as well, including in the northern Aleppo countrysideand Qamishli area in the Hasakah province.
On some occasions, truces have been announced between FSA-SIF groups and Kurdish forces on account of mediation from delegations claiming to be the "Kurdish Supreme Council" (KSC), but these delegations have never been more than small groups of local Kurds acting unilaterally, and so the truces have lacked real authority and quickly collapsed. Indeed, the coalition of Kurdish opposition groups called the Kurdish National Council (KNC) thus requested that all groups should stop using the KSC name unilaterally. In turn, the PYD, believing Turkey to be the main venue of financial and armed backing to JN/ISIS, has reached out to Ankara in the hope of achieving some sort of ceasefire, or at least a cessation of aid from Turkey to JN/ISIS.
At this stage, successful mediation and a long-lasting truce are unlikely. The conflict has escalated beyond localized clashes and has quite clearly taken on the form of an existential, ideological struggle, with JN/ISIS circles making it abundantly clear that they deem the PYD/PKK "apostates" who should be annihilated. Conversely, many Kurds–both pro- and anti-PYD–view this conflict as an ethnic Kurdish-Arab war. Meanwhile, battalions under the FSA or SIF banner remain convinced that the PYD in particular is an agent for the Asad regime. This is the case even though, from an analyst's point of view, the fairest assessment is that the PYD is eager to maintain exclusive control over its strongholds and Kurdish areas more generally, and therefore is willing to cut deals with regime forces and rebel groups to achieve that goal–while being prepared to take on both should they encroach on PYD territory.
In the meantime, it is clear that the conflict has provoked the upsurge in Kurdish refugees to Iraq. Unsurprisingly, Turkish media outlets affiliated with the AKP government put the refugee surge down to alleged repression on the part of the PYD. While there may be some truth to the testimony cited in Turkish media, it seems more likely that the bulk of the upsurge has been due to JN/ISIS/FSA/SIF seizure of Kurdish areas in the Aleppo and Raqqa governorates in particular, as well as continued bombardment and attacks on Kurdish areas in the Hasakah governorate in particular.
The seizure of territory has provoked rumors from pro-PYD circles above all of large-scale massacres of Kurds and policies of forced Arabization. Regardless of the truth of these claims (and the stories of massacres are generally uncorroborated), there is a sufficient climate of fear created to prompt a flight of refugees into the safe haven of Iraqi Kurdistan, whose government is now contemplating closer security cooperation with Baghdad in light of the perceived common threat of al-Qa'ida. A further side effect of this conflict is that it has undoubtedly bolstered the PYD's image in Syrian Kurdistan as the protector of the Kurds, as YPG forces are doing the bulk of the fighting against JN/ISIS and other groups. In short, it is a bleak situation, despite the KNC's backtracking on its withdrawal from Syrian opposition frameworks in mid-August 2013 as well as the decision to join the Syrian opposition coalition in-exile on preconditions.
CONCLUSION: ISIS' FUTURE
From the above, it should be apparent that ISIS' relations with other rebel groups are by no means a case of "al-Qa'ida vs. everyone else." Two general principles can be drawn. First, in the conflict with the PYD/PKK in particular, one cannot expect other rebel groups–whether under the banner of the FSA, SILF, SIF and the like–to side with the PYD/PKK against the ISIS. Second, SIF groups like Ahrar al-Sham, whose discourse blurs the national/transnational distinction over wider goals, will not openly side with ISIS' opponents–Kurdish or FSA–in an event of conflict. This is even as some Ahrar al-Sham leaders harbor reservations about ISIS. Among those under the banner of FSA, the staunchest opponents of ISIS remain those with close ties to SMC leader Salim Idriss, who has accused ISIS of being agents for the Asad regime.
Compared with ISIS' fortunes in Iraq, ISIS has been far more successful in Syria than the Iraqi branch could ever have hoped. The main factor behind this success is undoubtedly the good degree of continuity between JN and ISIS in terms of outreach to locals. Granted, where ISIS and JN are clearly separate entities, JN's provision of services is more extensive than that of ISIS.
Nonetheless, it is clear that ISIS in Syria has learned from the mistakes of its predecessors and understands that "winning hearts and minds" is a key part of expanding its control. For instance, ISIS has provided toys and days of fun for children during and after Ramadan, along with iftar (evening meal that breaks the fast during Ramadan) dinners (Appendix, Figure 11) and food aid. ISIS has even introduced a rationing system of basic necessities in parts of Aleppo (Appendix, Figure 12), and it provides bus services and schools for children (Appendix, Figure 13).
Despite these advances for ISIS, the current author still maintains the assessment from back in March 2013 that such strongholds are only likely to exist in the north and east of Syria. The picture elsewhere in the country is still one of generalized chaos, and one must be wary of sensationalist claims that al-Qa'ida-aligned factions somehow dominate the armed opposition.
Could there be a Sahwa-style movement against ISIS eventually? One need not completely rule out the possibility, but the only plausible context in which such a development could arise is in a post-Asad order with an extensive foreign troop presence on the ground, perhaps needed for at least a decade in order to build up a viable post-Asad centralized security force. For now, however, it is implausible to suggest that other rebels will team up with either the PYD or regime forces to fight ISIS. This is even as intra-rebel rivalries, including between ISIS and other groups, are inevitable now and in the future, regardless of whether there is a Sahwa movement.
Figure 1: The logo of the Jesus Son of Mary Battalions
Figure 2: Screenshot of the Jesus Son of Mary Battalions Facebook page
(Notice the use of the ISIS banner just to the right of the number of likes to indicate ideological affinity.)
Figure 3: Brigades and Battalions of the Beloved Mustafa statement for jihad released June, 5, 2013, and featuring Syria under the Banner of Tawhid
Figure 4: Photo of Abu Hadi Hassan, the LAFA militiaman killed in the Sayyida Zaynab area, purportedly at the hands of ISIS
Figure 5: One of the emblems used by the Green Battalion, evoking ISIS imagery and indicating the group's ideological alignment
Figure 6: Emblem of Jama'at Jund al-Sham
Figure 7: Photo of a Jama'at Jund al-Sham fighter holding a flag of the group
Figure 8: The ISIS banner flies on high over main tower of Mannagh airbase in the Aleppo governorate
Figure 9: Among the war spoils purportedly captured by ISIS from Mannagh airbase
Figure 10: A member of ISIS has a friendly arm-wrestling match with a member of Liwa al-Tawhid to entertain a crowd of children, as part of a series of images released to show ISIS outreach to children in the city of Aleppo.
Figure 11: An iftar dinner provided by ISIS in the rural Idlib town of Ma'arat al-Na'aman
Figure 12: An ISIS coupon for rationing in Aleppo
Figure 13: The many logos of Kata'ib Junud al-Haq of Abu Kamal
*Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi is a student at Brasenose College, Oxford University, and a Shillman-Ginsburg Fellow at the Middle East Forum.
See more on this issue vis-à-vis ISIS in Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi, "The Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham's Messages and Self-Presentation in Syria and Iraq,"Jihadology, September, 9, 2013, http://jihadology.net/2013/09/09/musings-of-an-iraqi-brasenostril-on-jihad-the-islamic-state-of-iraq-and-ash-shams-messages-and-self-presentation-in-syria-and-iraq/ (accessed September 9, 2013).
The official name of the al-Qa'ida branch in Iraq.
This issue of presentation of jihad is discussed in Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi, "Jihad in Syria," Syria Comment, March 22, 2013,http://www.joshualandis.com/blog/jihad-in-syria-by-aymenn-jawad-al-tamimi/. The issue of presentation is particularly relevant when one considers that JN's full name, Jabhat al-Nusra li Ahl al-Sham, translates to "Protection/Victory Front for the People of al-Sham."
See, for example, Kelly McEvers, "Jihadi Fighters Win Hearts and Minds by Easing Syria's Bread Crisis," NPR Radio, January 17, 2013,http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/01/18/169516308/as-syrian-rebels-reopen-bakeries-bread-crisis-starts-to-ease.
Himam News Agency, "Jabhat al-Nusra: Cleaning Services in the Town of Binnish – Idlib," July 11, 2013, YouTube, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ut86JXg_R_I (accessed August 31, 2013). The outlet also published a video on JN's making and provision of bread for fighters in East Ghouta. See "Jabhat al-Nusra: Making of Bread and Its Provision to the Mujahidin on the Fronts in East Ghouta, Rural Damascus," July 23, 2013, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2J9q0oCvHlI (Accessed August 31, 2013).
Jawad Al-Tamimi, "Jihad in Syria."
Al-Furqan Media, "Announcement of the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham: Speech by the Commander of the Believers Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, May God protect him," YouTube, April 8, 2013, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HPQxA3catY (accessed August 31, 2013).
Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi, "Jabhat al-Nusra and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham," Brown Moses Blog, May 17, 2013, http://brown-moses.blogspot.co.uk/2013/05/jabhat-al-nusra-and-islamic-state-of.html.
For a full translation of Zawahiri's letter, see Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi, "Sheikh Aymenn al-Zawahiri Annuls Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham,"
June 9, 2013, http://www.aymennjawad.org/2013/06/sheikh-aymenn-al-zawahiri-annuls-islamic-state (accessed August 31, 2013).
See, for example, National Iraqi News Agency, "Al-Baghdadi Appoints Adnani as Amir of Islamic State in Iraq and Levant," August 18, 2013,http://www.ninanews.com/english/News_Details.asp?ar95_VQ=GJHIHH. It should be noted that the claim that Baghdadi appointed Adnani as ISIS amir was widely reported in Iraqi media, but there exists no evidence in jihadi circles to corroborate this claim.
Al-Furqan Media, "Speech by Abu Mohammed al-Adnani, Spokesman in the Name of the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham: 'Scatter Them and What They Believe'," YouTube, June 20, 2013, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lWZKnOzFXn4 (accessed August 31, 2013.
It should be noted that the phrase "from Diyala to Beirut" was used recently in pro-ISIS circles (e.g., by ISIS Twitter user @reyadiraq) to celebrate the bombings that struck a Hizballah stronghold in southern Beirut on August 15, 2013. It appears that observers have not yet realized that the origin of this ISIS slogan goes back to Adnani's speech in June 2013.
For example, note an al-Furqan Media video released as part of a recent series entitled "Messages from Ard al-Melaham [Syria: literally "The Land of Epic Battles"]." It features an interview with a man who is supposedly ISIS' eldest fighter. He is introduced as one of those who took part in the ISIS-led capture of Mannagh military airbase in the Aleppo governorate. He mentions that one of his children is imprisoned in Iraq. However, nowhere is an affiliation to a group named ISIS affirmed in the video. See "Messages from Arḍ al-Melaham 1: Shaykh al-Mujahid Abu Omar al-Ansari," YouTube, August 20, 2013, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y0QJOrQaMCg (accessed December 3, 2013).
For a detailed discussion of this issue, see: Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi, "The Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham's Messages and Self-Presentation in Syria and Iraq," Jihadology, September 9, 2013,http://jihadology.net/2013/09/09/musings-of-an-iraqi-brasenostril-on-jihad-the-islamic-state-of-iraq-and-ash-shams-messages-and-self-presentation-in-syria-and-iraq/.
See, for example, Ghaith Abdul-Ahad, "Syria's al-Nusra Front–Ruthless, Organized and Taking Control," The Guardian, July 10, 2013,http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/10/syria-al-nusra-front-jihadi.
Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi, "The ISIS Cavalcade: Round-Up of Some Claimed Martyrs for the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham," Jihadology, July 1, 2013,http://jihadology.net/2013/07/01/musings-of-an-iraqi-brasenostril-on-jihad-the-isis-cavalcade-round-up-of-some-claimed-martyrs-for-the-islamic-state-of-iraq-and-ash-sham/.
That said, a trickle of reported native Syrian martyrs for ISIS has begun to appear. For example, the pro-ISIS outlet al-Saqeel Media reported on August 13, 2013, the martyrdom of one Abu Muhammad al-Hamawi, whose name clearly implies origins from Hama, where he was in fact martyred. Seehttps://www.facebook.com/Alsaqeel/posts/367168850078405. Cf. the case of Hamid al-Sayyid from the Idlib town of Binnish, reported by ISIS source @zhoof21 on August 17, 2013, to have been killed in ISIS' clashes with rival rebel battalion Liwa Ahfad al-Rasul in Raqqa:https://twitter.com/zhoof21/status/368494016444125184/photo/1.
Alison Tahmizian Meuse, "In Raqqa, Islamist Rebels Form a New Regime,"Syria Deeply, August 16, 2013, http://beta.syriadeeply.org/2013/08/raqqa-islamist-rebels-form-regime/#.UiKKBmakUu8.
See Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi, "Musings of an Iraqi Brasenostril on Jihad,"Jihadology, http://jihadology.net/musings-of-an-iraqi-brasenostril-on-jihad/.
Kata'ib Junud al-Haq in Abu Kamal–likely behind the recent clashes with Abu Kamal's local Ahfad al-Rasul affiliate, Liwa Allahu Akbar–has been a good example of JN-ISIS crossover in the eastern border areas (on paper, the group previously claimed JN affiliation prior to Baghdadi's April 2013 statement, then declared itself a part of ISIS, and finally switched back to JN affiliation in name after Zawahiri's statement, while preserving ISIS banners and imagery).
Yet it should be noted that recently the group has reaffirmed an exclusive JN identity by dropping all traces of ISIS imagery from its emblem and indicating the JN affiliation explicitly. Contrast these three logos, the one on the far left a logo from February 2013; the one in the middle introduced in April 2013, after Baghdadi's announcement of an ISI-JN merger; and the final one a reworking of the one on the left. It has been used before April 2013, but was being used again as of September 2013 (see Figure 13 in the Appendix).
"The Amir of Jabhat al-Nusra in Raqqa Abu Sa'ad al-Hadrami, May God Protect Himself," Free Syrian Army Forum, April 1, 2013,http://syrianarmyfree.com/vb/showthread.php?t=39928.
"Liberated Raqqa... Clashes Between Armed Battalion and Great Popular Protests and a Girl Holds a Sit-In Demonstration Alone in front of the State of Iraq and ash-Sham Headquarters," Syria Frontline Blog, August 11, 2013,http://syria.frontline.left.over-blog.com/article-119493981.html.
Aleppo Islamic News Network, "Jabhat al-Nusra Statement on Its Return to the Province of Raqqa," September 13, 2013, https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1400517533510327&set=a.1376419709253443.1073741831.1375938215968259&type=1&theater(accessed September 15, 2013).
See, for example, al-Manarah al-Bayda, "376: Within the Series of Operations 'Eye for an Eye': Demolition of the Tu'ma Checkpoint on the Zamlaka-al-Qabun Road Connecting to Damascus," August 26, 2013, http://justpaste.it/4lox.
Baqiyya Media, "Day One of Operation 'Volcano of Revenge,'"https://ia801901.us.archive.org/19/items/VolcanoOperation/day1.jpg. The attack on the Four Seasons took place at 9:30 a.m. on August 27, 2013; while the attack on the Russian embassy took place at 10:15 a.m. No casualties appear to have occurred as a result of either strike.
Baqiyya Media, List of Groups Participating in "Volcano of Revenge," August 27, 2013, https://twitter.com/Baqiya_Media/status/372302620838211584/photo/1.
"Urgent: Battle of Ayyam al-Qadisiyya," August 31, 2013,https://www.facebook.com/YOUSUFDIAB/posts/426782150774822, (accessed September 3, 2013).
Credit goes to the author's colleague Phillip Smyth for coining this acronym. It should be noted that not all those who may use the ISIS banner in the Sayyida Zaynab area identify themselves as members of ISIS. On May 25, 2013, a statement was released by a spokesman for the battalion "Commandos of the Soldiers of God" [Maghawir] announcing joint operations with Ahfad al-Rasul and "other battalions" against LAFA in Sayyida Zaynab. See "Announcement of an Attack on the Headquarters of Liwa Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas in Sayyida Zaynab," YouTube, May 25, 2013, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K4QXmbJ-zcU&feature=youtu.be (accessed September 1, 2013). While Maghawir use the FSA flag in their logo, their sympathies for ISIS are quite apparent with the appearance of the banner of Tawhid in the video. Further, in late June 2013, a video emerged on YouTube, showing Maghawir fighters raising the ISIS banner over a Damascus mosque. The group's rhetoric has also repeatedly referred to Shi'a as "Rafidites." See "Raising of the Banner of Jihad over the Mosque of the Companion Abu Obeida bin al-Jarrah After Its Liberation," YouTube, June 23, 2013, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFp55-qMwBk (accessed September 1, 2013).
"Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham: Damascus, Southern Region," August 17, 2013,https://www.facebook.com/DwltAlaslamFyAlraqWalshamAlmntqtAljnwby/posts/621198794578679. Prior to the announcement of ISIS, there has been JN-Liwa al-Islam cooperation in the Sayyida Zaynab area. For example, see this discussion on the jihadi forum al-Platform Media from January 6, 2013,http://alplatformmedia.com/vb/showthread.php?t=17803.
Cf. discussion with Phillip Smyth on this issue.
Ibid, August 30, 2013, https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?v=627461047285787 (accessed September 1, 2013).
Corroborated by discussion with ISIS sources.
That JMWA is a front group for ISIS is shown by numerous lines of evidence. Besides the overlap of Abu Umar al-Shishani's positions in ISIS and JMWA, jihadi sources always identify the two as synonymous. For instance, see this jihadi forum thread discussing JMWA/ISIS providing religious instruction to children in an Idlib village: "Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham: Snapshots from Qur'an Memorization Circles in the Village of Salwa," Yemen-Forum.net, July 17, 2013,http://www.ye1.org/vb/showthread.php?t=735092 (accessed September 1, 2013). As an epilogue note to this article, it should be pointed out that JMWA has subsequently split between those under Umar al-Shishani, who are now just under ISIS, and those following one Salah al-Din al-Shishani, who has retained the JMWA name and affirmed the group's new independence from ISIS.
The Green Battalion's Facebook page, August 7, 2013,https://www.facebook.com/alkatebaalkhadraa/posts/1391729221053168(accessed September 1, 2013).
The contrast here is with what some commentators term "the southern front" (i.e., Damascus and Dar'a). To an extent, ISIS/JN relations with other battalions have been dealt with in the preceding section. With JN in particular, it is clear that the group can coordinate operations with a variety of battalions, as demonstrated in this author's Jihadology post on their activities in Dar'a. The same is true to a lesser extent for ISIS. Yet the lack of substantial rebel holdings of territory in Damascus and Dar'a in comparison with the north, together with the fact that the ISIS' presence is significantly smaller in the southern areas, means that FSA-ISIS relations in the south cannot be discussed in nearly the same depth as northern and eastern areas.
Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi, "The Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham Expands into Rural Northern Syria," Syria Comment, July 18, 2013,http://www.joshualandis.com/blog/the-islamic-state-of-iraq-and-ash-sham-expands-into-rural-northern-syria/.
Ibid. The most recent gesture of dissatisfaction from these three towns comes from Manbij, where a group of rebels describing themselves as the Manbij military council urged ISIS to turn over its large headquarters in the town to the authority of the council. See Aleppo News Network, "Revolutionary Military Council in Manbij Considers the Islamic State a Faction Like the Other Military Factions," Halab News, August 26, 2013, http://halabnews.com/news/34583. The statement likely reflects the council's concerns about ISIS' expanding power base in the town.
See, for example, "Reporters Without Borders: Demonstration Against Harakat Ahrar ash-Sham al-Islamiya in the Town of Raqqa," YouTube, August 10, 2013,http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pjPTyvF-8k. This demonstration of course took place after the ISIS-Ahfad al-Rasul clashes began, but the sentiment among opponents of ISIS is equally directed at Ahrar al-Sham, which is the main rebel group controlling the city.
Ahfad al-Rasul Brigades in Raqqa, August 3, 2013,https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=201765266649519&id=149528001873246.
"Admissions of a Security Officer of Brigade 201 of Ahfad al-Rasul and the Truth of Being Employed by France and Others for Waging War on Islam," YouTube, August 9, 2013, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6k3W3gfRHp8&sns=tw.
Raqqa News Network, August 13, 2013, https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=571579696218657&set=a.461964663846828.101588.461902453853049&type=1&theater.
Tel Abyad News Network, August 14, 2013,https://www.facebook.com/tall.abyad.news/posts/492294847528277.
"Ahfad al-Rasul Brigades Announce an End to Their Operations Against the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham," Aks Alser, August 17, 2013,http://www.aksalser.com/?page=view_articles&id=34f248008e9def7744ca1759b91d5c4a&ar=843842874.
"Col. Oqaidi on al-Qaeda, UN Inspectors, and Kurdish Militias," NOW Lebanon, August 20, 2013, https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/interviews/col-oqaidi-on-al-qaeda-un-inspectors-and-kurdish-militias. Oqaidi subsequently resigned from his position, citing disunity among rebel ranks and warlordism.
Joanna Paraszczuk, "Getting a Story Right–Free Syrian Army, 'Jihadist Militants,' and the Capture of Menagh Airbase," EAWorldView, August 8, 2013,http://eaworldview.com/2013/08/syria-analysis-getting-a-story-right-free-syrian-army-jihadist-militants-capture-of-menagh-airbase/.
Liwa al-Fatah- Aleppo, "Jaysh al-Muhajirin wa al-Ansar–the Mujahid Abu Jandal al-Masri in Mannagh Military Airport and a Message to Bashar," YouTube, August 12, 2013, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LtYqx9wqvLQ#at=140(accessed September 2, 2013).
Corroborated also from discussion with analyst Jonathan Spyer, who has met members of the battalion on the ground, including its deputy commander.
Aleppo and Idlib News Network, "Aleppo: Marea: Demonstration Demanding the Removal of the State of Iraq and ash-Sham," YouTube, July 19, 2013,http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NF7u5RdzaWw. The ISIS presence in the town can be traced as far back as June 2013, when a video was uploaded showing a demonstration in Marea in solidarity with Baniyas, featuring an ISIS flag in the background: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8k1mwPRdKk (accessed September 2, 2013).
Justin Vela, "In Syria, Clashes Between Arab Rebels, Kurds," The Washington Post, November 28, 2012, http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2012-11-28/world/35508209_1_pyd-rebels-and-kurdish-militants-al-nusra.
Omar Hossino and Kinda Kanbar, "How Michel Kilo Negotiated a Tenuous Truce in Ras al-Ayn," Syria Deeply, March 5, 2013,http://beta.syriadeeply.org/2013/03/michel-kilo-negotiated-tenuous-truce-ras-al-ayn/#.UiULjmakUu8.
Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi, "Jabhat al-Nusra and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham: Deir ez-Zor and the Wider East of Syria," Jihadology, June 27, 2013,http://jihadology.net/2013/06/27/musings-of-an-iraqi-brasenostril-on-jihad-jabhat-al-nusra-and-the-islamic-state-of-iraq-and-ash-sham-deir-ez-zor-and-the-wider-east-of-syria/.
"Demonstration of the Free Men of Jarabulus Against Division, the PKK Party, and for Victory to the Islamists," YouTube, July 18, 2013,https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=govsVF4Mofk(accessed September 3, 2013). To make a more accurate distinction between PYD and PKK forces, it should be noted that the PKK has a front-group militia called Jabhat al-Akrad ("Kurds' Front"), which declares affiliation with the FSA.
"The Official Press Site of Abd al-Basit Ahmad al-Khalf," August 1, 2013,https://www.facebook.com/A.A.Alkhalaf1/posts/385890114867610 (accessed September 3, 2013).
Via ISIS source @zhoof21: "ISIS: Aleppo: Continuation of Clashes with YPG Apostates in the Village of Zor Maghar near Jarabulus," August 6, 2013,https://twitter.com/zhoof21/status/364812498618179584/photo/1.
Kata'ib al-Ahrar, "Important Statement from Battalions Fighting in Aleppo as Regards the PKK Militias," August 2, 2013,https://www.facebook.com/KtaibAlahrar1/posts/508902399185411 (accessed September 3, 2013).
A battalion formed in Manbij last year and with declared affiliation to the FSA Military Council in Aleppo. See this video of the statement of their formation: Omawi News, YouTube, September 24, 2012, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJ-llFeKKb0 (accessed September 3, 2013).
Affiliated with the Syrian Islamic Liberation Front (SILF), a coalition of rebel groups of which many have Ikhwani leanings, though Suqur al-Sham has a more Salafi orientation and consists of many Syrian jihadi veterans of the Iraq War.
"Col. Oqaidi on al-Qaeda."
Kata'ib al-Ahrar, "Important Statement from Battalions Fighting in Aleppo."
Orient News, "Return of Ordinary Life to the Town of Tel Abyad After Violent Battles," YouTube, August 19, 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=YrXB_l9Adlw#at=37.
See, for example, Tel Abyad News Network, August 19, 2013,https://www.facebook.com/tall.abyad.news/posts/494402173984211 (accessed September 3, 2013).
See, for example, @zhoof21, "ISIS: al-Hasakah: Striking the Headquarters of the YPG Apostates in the Town of Ras al-Ayn with Mortar Rounds and Artillery Shells," August 20, 2013, https://twitter.com/zhoof21/status/369607326778818560.
"Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham: Damascus, Southern Region," August 24, 2013,https://www.facebook.com/DwltAlaslamFyAlraqWalshamAlmntqtAljnwby/posts/624664640898761.
Ugarit News, "Hasakah: Statement of the Qamishli Liberation Front," YouTube, July 18, 2013, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DWQ5KkmNvE (accessed September 3, 2013). The transnational jihadi outlook–likely the result of JN/ISIS crossover this author has noted in the Hasakah governorate (note the JN banner)–is made clear with the chanting at the end: "The Caliphate is the promise of God."
"Exclusive: KNC Decides to Withdraw from all Syrian Opposition Frameworks,"Welati.net, August 18, 2013, http://www.welati.info/nuce.php?ziman=ar&id=9381&niviskar=1&cure=5&kijan=.
See, for example, Amberin Zaman, "PYD Leader to Turkey: Stop Arms to Jabhat al-Nusra," al-Monitor, August 7, 2013, http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2013/08/turkey-still-allowing-weapons-to-jabhat-al-nusra.html.
See, for example, "PYD Forces Syrians to Seek Refuge in Iraqi Kurdistan,"Today's Zaman, August 25, 2013, http://www.todayszaman.com/news-324526-pyd-forces-syrians-to-seek-refuge-in-iraqi-kurdistan.html.
See, for example, "No Kurdish Peshmerga Forces in Baghdad's Green Zone,"Shafaaq News, August 6, 2013,http://www.ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2013/8/state7254.htm. No formal initiatives have been implemented yet, but plans for cooperation should the need be perceived to arise are on the table. Iraqi Shi'i political figures have also played up rumors of jihadi massacres of Kurds in Syria: e.g., Ali al-Dargham, "Sheikh Jalaluddin al-Saghir: The Approach of Jabhat al-Nusra which Is Killing Kurds Is Takfiri," Buratha News, August 19, 2013,http://www.burathanews.com/news_article_207465.html.
The group is a huge movement, as analyst Charles Lister notes, so some diversity of opinion about ISIS is hardly surprising.
Associated Press, "In Syria, Infighting Between al-Qaida Groups and Mainstream Rebels Undermining Revolt," Fox News, July 15, 2013,http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/07/15/in-syria-infighting-between-al-qaida-groups-and-mainstream-rebels-undermining/.
See, for example, Max Fisher, "Al-Qaeda Faction in Syria Hands Out Teletubbies and Spiderman Dolls," The Washington Post, August 13, 2013,http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2013/08/13/al-qaeda-faction-in-syria-hands-out-teletubbies-and-spiderman-dolls/, crediting this author for unearthing ISIS' distribution of Teletubbies dolls to children.
Jawad Al-Tamimi, "Jihad in Syria."
Facebook page of Jesus Son of Mary Battalions,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=396281450491300&set=a.396281443824634.1073741825.396280167158095&type=1&theater(accessed September 1, 2013).
Facebook page of the Brigades and Battalions of the Beloved Mustafa,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=472724342809246&set=pb.395948540486827.-2207520000.1378042049.&type=3&theater(accessed September 1 2013).
Via the pro-LAFA Facebook page "Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas Brigades Charged with Defending Sayyida Zaynab, Peace Be upon Her,"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=157364211131205&set=a.140672052800421.1073741828.134369993430627&type=1&theater(accessed September 1, 2013). For the claim of ISIS fighters having killed him, see "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham: Damascus, Southern Region," August 31, 2013, https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=627897460575479&set=a.607239615974597.1073741828.605003556198203&type=1&theater(accessed September 1, 2013).
Ibid, https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=122267197943959&set=pb.119710811532931.-2207520000.1378068035.&type=3&theater. Note that the group's Facebook page also features a eulogy to Usama bin Ladin.
Al-Maali Media, "Inside Mannagh Military Airbase," August 6, 2013,https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=149886615216878&set=a.121614741377399.1073741828.117696681769205&type=1&theater(accessed September 2, 2013).
Ibid, August 11, 2013, (https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=151357701736436&set=pb.117696681769205.-2207520000.1378137386.&type=3&theater(accessed September 2, 2013).
On Twitter viahttps://twitter.com/SiefALFaroooq/status/372597228231475200/photo/1, August 28, 2013 (accessed September 2, 2013).
"The Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham: Idlib Province: Ma'arat an-Na'aman," July 5, 2013, https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=369976399795982&set=pb.360407307419558.-2207520000.1376777532.&type=3&theater(accessed September 3, 2013).
Via ISIS source @zhoof21, August 29, 2013,https://twitter.com/zhoof21/status/372843096763269120/photo/1 (accessed September 3, 2013). | <urn:uuid:e2e52742-7bf8-40fe-83ef-fbc92420a6a9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aymennjawad.org/14151/the-islamic-state-of-iraq-and-al-sham | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.9402 | 16,391 | 1.953125 | 2 |
My four-year old niece from Otago phoned her grandmother in Bay of Plenty:
"Grandma, do you have reflections in the North Island?"
"I think so dear, why?"
"Well, find a spoon and have a look."
Now, I think it most likely that niece was intruiged by the right-way-up / upside-down reflections from the convex and concave faces of the spoon, but she has also hit on an important issue in physics: are the laws of physics the same everywhere (and everywhen)?
While it is amusing to imagine that in one corner of a remote paddock out beyond Te Kuiti there is patch of zero gravity, my experience tells me that the truth is rather more boring – gravity, and the rest of physics, remains the same everywhere on Earth you go.
Is that true also in far-flung corners of the universe? Maybe, in a galaxy far, far away, there are some differences in the laws of physics from what we experience here. This is something that has been studied; for example astronomers have looked at the spectrum of light arriving from distant quasars to determine whether the ratio of the masses of the proton and electron are the same there as they are here. Of course when you look into the distant regions of the universe, you are also looking back in time, since the light takes so long to reach us. That means the question of ‘where’ cannot be separated from the question of ‘when’, but that is another issue.
So, did they find any differences between here and there?
Regrettably for the sci-fi authors, the answer appears to be no. But, if some day you do happen to come across a herd of cows hovering three metres above their paddock, do give me a call. | <urn:uuid:9e4e179f-4438-4fc9-b3b6-aa7d4af39aca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.waikato.ac.nz/physicsstop/2008/11/13/reflections-on-reflections/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.969579 | 382 | 2.046875 | 2 |
In this episode -- cross posted from our 16 Minutes show feed -- we cover all the buzz around GPT-3, the pre-trained machine learning model from OpenAI that’s optimized to do a variety of natural-language processing tasks.
It’s a commercial product, built on research; so what does this mean for both startups AND incumbents… and the future of “AI as a service”? And given that we’re seeing all kinds of (cherrypicked!) examples of output from OpenAI’s beta API being shared — how do we know how good it really is or isn’t? How do we know the difference between “looks like” a toy and “is” a toy when it comes to new innovations?
And where are we, really, in terms of natural language processing and progress towards artificial general intelligence? Is it intelligent, does that matter, and how do we know (if not with a Turing Test)? Finally, what are the broader questions, considerations, and implications for jobs and more? Frank Chen explains what “it” actually is and isn’t and more in conversation with host Sonal Chokshi. The two help tease apart what’s hype/ what’s real here… as is the theme of 16 Minutes. | <urn:uuid:2afd3e2e-d255-406c-a5af-57608a91e3bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9KR0UzeUMwVg/episode/YWQ3OTM1YzAtZWZhZC00MGZkLTkxMmEtYzc5MTliYjI2ZjI3?sa=X&ved=0CAsQzsICahcKEwjA5pfD2fzqAhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQBA | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.929447 | 277 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Trigger Point Massage Tips
Trigger point massage is a method that helps to loosen tight muscles. The therapy makes use of a combination of deep pressure and broad strokes to release trigger points. Before trigger point massages can be started, the practitioner must identify which muscles have these trigger points. The treatment may include several methods, based on the location and severity of the pain. For optimal results the trigger point massage should be done by a professional. Here are some tips to achieve the desired results.
The first step in receiving trigger point massage is to find the point of discomfort. The therapist could begin by performing deep breathing techniques or applying alternating pressure and release. This therapy is designed to relieve minor aches and discomforts. It can be used regularly to alleviate minor aches or pains, and help reduce chronic ones. MassageLuXe provides trigger point massage. It's also excellent for relieving nagging muscles pains.
For a trigger-point massage, a professional will use specific tools to target the targeted area. This prepares the tissue for a trigger point massage. You can prepare the tissue using a BLACKROLL(r) or foam roller. Whichever method you decide to use it, you should be prepared to massage at least two times daily. You'll notice results more often you perform it.
It's important to remember that the deeper you dig into a trigger point, the more likely it is that you'll have a chronic issue. While the majority of people have only a minor case of trigger points and trigger points, the more often you experience them and the more likely it 울산출장안마 is that you'll develop a chronic issue like myofascial pain syndrome. The best method to treat trigger points is to have an massage that helps in the release of tension and encourages healing.
You should never overlook any trigger point. A trigger point is a knot that causes pain in a muscle. Pressure on the trigger point may result in referred pain which is pain in an area not connected to the one that is being targeted. If left untreated the trigger point can cause chronic pain, and should be treated as soon as is possible. This therapy is extremely efficient for minor pains and aches.
While trigger point massage isn't a cure for myofasis it is a wonderful method to treat trigger points in the muscles. This type of treatment is very effective and can be employed by both genders. You should see a professional therapist to find out the best treatment for you. You can select the trigger point massage that is best suited to your needs. The aim of the massage is to ease the pain, improve circulation , and encourage healing.
While trigger point massage is beneficial for a lot of people, it's not shown to be effective for everyone. Some people find it to painful to receive it. But trigger points can be quite painful, so it's crucial to stay clear of causing discomfort. If you're unsure about the benefits of this treatment seek advice from a professional. Trigger point massage is safe and efficient. However, it can cause adverse side effects.
Trigger point massage is a unique kind of massage than other kinds. It can help reduce discomfort by decreasing inflammation. When performed by a professional trigger point massage could assist in preventing discomfort by stopping the cycle of pain and recovering normal muscle tone. In a massage session, the professional will identify which trigger points are affected. Once they've identified them, the massage will target these areas and help you treat them. A few techniques can make trigger points easier to locate.
Trigger point massage is an extremely effective treatment for many problems. It can assist you in avoiding the pain and discomfort that comes with repetitive strain, which can eventually lead to chronic pain. Trigger point massage can be very effective at alleviating pain if you employ the correct techniques. The procedure relies on the release of trigger points and can be extremely beneficial for any type of pain or injury. If executed correctly, the process can last for days.
Sports Massage: Benefits
A massage for sports can be used for many reasons. Many athletes seek it out prior to competitions to help ease muscle soreness and increase their performance. The benefits are many. Massage can make a big improvements in your performance during a competition. Professional massage therapists can employ myofascial techniques and deep tissue for massaging your muscles throughout the event. This can help you recover quicker from competition. The most important benefits of sports massage include:
The therapist may use different techniques of massage in a sport massage. The typical session will comprise long, soothing strokes that relax the muscle. Afterwards, cross-grain movement helps to loosen the muscle and release knots as well as scar tissue. Although this may be painful but it's worth it. Massages can help you train better and increase your performance. Anyone who wants to receive a sports massage should be properly hydrated prior to their session to ensure that the body is at its best.
Regular massages can help athletes at all levels attain their peak performance. A sports massage can prepare athletes for any kind of physical exercise. It can lower blood pressure, increase flexibility, and improve strength and flexibility. It is also a great way to ease muscle tension and ease tension from a stressful experience. Massages for sports are great for athletes who participate in sports that require physical activity. Whatever sport you play, sports massage can help you to perform at your best.
One of the physiological advantages of massage therapy is increased venous return. The improved flow of blood through the muscle to the heart has a positive effect in reducing edema and venostasis, two diseases that can lead to injury and slow the process of healing. A sports massage session can be a good alternative for athletes actively involved in sports. This can improve their performance when competing. If you're not an athlete think about a massage session.
Sports massages are great for healing from an injury. It is a great treatment for athletes who play tennis, soccer football or other sports. It assists in recovering quicker and improve your performance. Sports massage has many benefits such as reducing inflammation and increasing circulation. It can also strengthen the body. The benefits of a sports massage are that it can be used to aid in the healing process of any injury, or improve your performance. It can help you achieve your goals in athletics.
The benefits of massage for sports are numerous. It can help athletes prepare for competitions and boost their performance in events. Sports massage can help you improve your performance as well as reduce injuries. A trained professional can use the correct techniques to provide the most effective results for each athlete. They might even discover that their treatment is more effective than they originally thought. This is the reason why the benefits of sports massage are so varied. Massage isn't an all-encompassing approach.
Massages for sport can help improve your performance and increase your circulation. In the course of the massage, the masseur uses different methods for various muscles. The technique of effleurage is gentle, but it is used to stimulate muscles of a specific body section. To massage the muscles, the effleurage technique uses thumbs and palms. It's a highly effective technique that can be employed to loosen tight knots within the muscles.
It is possible to help athletes at all levels. The benefits of massage will depend on what sport you are involved in. Regular massage can help you recuperate after an event. However, post-event massage can assist you to recover from the competition. Following an athletic event it is an effective method of recovering from running. It can help prevent injuries, stress reduction and improve your performance. Aside from its health benefits, it can enhance your performance in athletics.
A massage for sports can be beneficial for athletes of all levels. There are two types of massages for sports: prior to and after the event. Massages prior to events can aid the athlete in preparing for the physical exercise prior to the event by lowering their blood pressure and improving their flexibility. The post-event massage can aid in recovery following the event. Pre-event massages for athletes will assist them in recovering from the activity through reducing stress. | <urn:uuid:1455e006-f8ef-469c-83da-dd845607b5da> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://massage4judahimsf349.tearosediner.net/how-to-explain-ulsanchuljangmasaji-to-a-five-year-old | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.951063 | 1,657 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Today is Shabbos Mevorchim, which blesses the coming Rosh Chodesh, it is also the eve of Rosh Chodesh. The day of Rosh Chodesh MarCheshvan has a unique connection and association to Rosh Hashanah, as a result of which it serves to spread and project the theme of Rosh Hashanah throughout the year through the emerging Divine service of "And Ya'akov went on his way."
In the general theme of Rosh Chodesh we find a significant similarity to Rosh Hashanah. Chassidus compares Rosh Hashanah to the head, which encompasses the life-force of all the parts of the body. On Rosh Hashanah a new creation takes place to create and animate all the worlds every day of the coming year. The individual life-force which animates the days of the year must reach each day of the year via the Rosh Chodesh of every month. Rosh Hashanah divides its general radiance into 12 paths which are distributed among the 12 months of the year.
Consequently, each Rosh Chodesh may also be referred to as the "head" of the month, for it encompasses the life-force of all the days of the month just as Rosh Hashanah does with the months and days of the year. The difference being that Rosh Hashanah serves as a "head" for the year and generates the life-force in a more general way to the 12 months of the year, while Rosh Chodesh apportions it more specifically to each day of the month.
Now, although it is the role of Rosh Chodesh to apportion the life-force from the general to the individual, the truth is that Rosh Hashanah also functions in a similar manner relative to the radiation of existence to many years and millennia. So that Rosh Chodesh and Rosh Hashanah share these common characteristics.
On Rosh Hashanah we say that there is a creation of new vitality and animation. Prior to Rosh Hashanah all existence reverts to its former state and then life is renewed. This is the personification of the rebuilding of kingship after its withdrawal.
A similar phenomenon takes place on Rosh Chodesh. On the day preceding Rosh Chodesh the moon wanes to the point of disappearance, then on Rosh Chodesh the sun and moon reunite in a new generation of vitality; just like the rebuilding of kingship on Rosh Hashanah. The difference is that on Rosh Hashanah there is a true reconstruction of kingship while on Rosh Chodesh there is only a renewal of the unity based on the new revelation from Rosh Hashanah.
On Rosh Chodesh MarCheshvan this commonalty with Rosh Hashanah is most clearly seen. MarCheshvan is the first Rosh Chodesh of the year after Tishrei, when the theme of Rosh Chodesh stands on its own, and the detailed life-force is transferred from Rosh Hashanah to the days of the month, through the contact and medium of Rosh Chodesh. This reiterates the special connection between Rosh Chodesh and Rosh Hashanah.
When Erev Rosh Chodesh is Shabbos and we read the Haftorah of "Tomorrow is the New Moon" (Shmuel II, 20:18), this theme is further emphasized.
Shabbos, too, has a common theme with Rosh Hashanah. Just as all existence returns to its original state on Rosh Hashanah, so too, on Shabbos all worlds rise above the limitations of time, following which there is a rejuvenation of life-force. Every Sunday is like the first day of creation all over again (see Likkutei Torah, Shir Hashirim 25a). So Shabbos is like Rosh Hashanah on a weekly basis. The proximity of Rosh Chodesh MarCheshvan with Shabbos brings this into sharp focus.
How does this translate into the Divine serv ice expected of a Jew? On Rosh Hashanah we accept the yoke of kingship of heaven, we make an unconditional commitment of submission (bittul) to the Holy One, Blessed be He, which will be put into effect throughout the year.
On Rosh Chodesh there is a renewal of vitality after the withdrawal of the moon on Erev Rosh Chodesh, analogous to the self-nullification and bittul of the Jewish people (who are compared to the moon) which is just like the bittul of Rosh Hashanah. When Rosh Chodesh spans two days, the bittul experienced is even stronger on the first day (more than Erev Rosh Chodesh) as preparation for the second day.
The Rosh Hashanah theme that G-d requests: "Make Me king over you," represents a basic and fundamental factor in the general Divine service of a person. This theme suffuses the entire month of Tishrei: Yom Kippur, Sukkos, Shemini Atzeres, Simchas Torah and even the weekdays after Simchas Torah. Although there seems to be nothing special about these weekdays they are still under the influence of the special days of Tishrei. We do not recite the penitential prayers during the final week of Tishrei after Simchas Torah, because the month is filled with holidays.
This means that even the first holiday of the month, Rosh Hashanah, and its theme of coronation of the Holy One, Blessed be He, are still felt during the final days of the month. And so, now, we must also bring this function of "coronation" into the Divine service of "And Ya'akov went on his way," throughout the entire year.
At the close of Simchas Torah we proclaim "And Ya'akov went on his way" (see Letters of the Previous Rebbe, vol. I, p. 194). The actual realization of this going out really takes place after the conclusion of the month of Tishrei, which is rich with holidays.
Here is where we have the opportunity to imbue the directive of going "on the way" with the coronation of Tishrei as the essential ingredient of a Jew's Divine Service. The first evidence of this permeation is the "Modeh Ani" which a Jew recites upon awakening every morning:
I offer thanks to You, living and eternal King....
Is this not the extension of the acceptance of kingship of Rosh Hashanah expressed in its appropriate daily form!? It is this continuing homage and subservience that Rosh Chodesh Cheshvan brings to the following days and months of the year. Therefore the Divine service of bittul associated with the eve of Rosh Chodesh focuses itself on the dissemination of the acceptance of kingship throughout the coming year.
Hopefully, everyone will translate these ideas into appropriate actions in the facet of bittul and acceptance of the yoke of heaven on Erev Rosh Chodesh and thereby engender the "coronation" throughout the year.
This subservience will then lead to the renewal of Rosh Chodesh, when the good fortune of all the Jewish people is renewed -- in a double measure -- on the two days of Rosh Chodesh.
We refer to abundant blessings, success and salvation in a revealed and clear manner in simple physical needs, children, life, health and abundant sustenance, and abundance in every area, from His full, open, holy and abundant Hand.
G-d's blessings are given in the form of tzedakah -- in a measure commensurate with the ability of the Holy One, Blessed be He, the Giver, in an infinite manner.
May we then merit the inner and essential blessing upon which rests the ability to enjoy and be enriched by all the other blessings, the complete and true redemption, through our righteous Moshiach speedily and truly in our days, Amen.
In the Haftorah which we read today, "Tomorrow is the New Moon (Rosh Chodesh)," (Machor Chodesh) a perplexing point comes to mind.
Generally speaking, the choice of a section of Scripture (Nach) for the Haftorah reading is based on its similarity to the Torah reading, or to the theme of the holiday. In the case of "Machor Chodesh," which is read on Shabbos Mevorchim when Rosh Chodesh is Sunday, the story of the Haftorah which deals with Dovid and Yonason has nothing to do with the theme of Erev Rosh Chodesh.
While it is true that Chassidic philosophy points out the esoteric connection between Dovid, Yonason and Erev Rosh Chodesh, in spiritual symbolism, it still is strange that we cannot find any such association in the plain meaning of the chapter.
Even more so, it has no apparent connection to Erev Rosh Chodesh which occurs on Shabbos. The story of going out to the fields and discussing the plan of shooting arrows clearly shows that this incident took place on Erev Rosh Chodesh that was a weekday. On Shabbos a Jew belongs in shul or in the study halls of Torah, or at home, enjoying the pleasure of Shabbos -- what would he be doing out in the fields on Shabbos?!
Even more incomprehensible is the term "Machor Chodesh," which emphasizes the theme of the following day: Tomorrow is Rosh Chodesh. Furthermore, these words really do not represent the gist of the story of the Haftorah, they are rather only a reference which informs us that it was the day before Rosh Chodesh and on Rosh Chodesh there would be a royal banquet, when it would be possible to evaluate the true feelings of Shaul to Dovid.
As the story turns out the actual clarification took place on the second day of Rosh Chodesh after Dovid's absence a second time. And yet, we read this Haftorah on a Shabbos preceding a one-day Rosh Chodesh?!
It would seem more logical to read the Haftorah of Shabbos Rosh Chodesh on Erev Rosh Chodesh, which includes the verse:
And from one New Moon to another and from one Shabbos to another.
This Haftorah speaks of Shabbos and of Rosh Chodesh. Why is it that the Haftorah which was set to be read on Shabbos Rosh Chodesh was Machor Chodesh? [Note: These questions about the Haftorah Machor Chodesh were left unanswered by the Rebbe.]
[The following sicha is connected to a sicha spoken on Simchas Torah dealing with Rashi's commentary on the last verse in the Torah. Here the Rebbe continues his analysis.]
In the last verse in the Torah we read:
And in all that strong hand, and in all the fearsome acts which Moshe displayed before the eyes of all of Israel.
Rashi's commentary on this verse is a bit troublesome:
And in all that strong hand (this refers to the fact) that he received the Torah that was on the Tablets, in his hands.
(Rashi, loc. cit.)
The annotators on Rashi note that the connection between the "strong hand" and the Tablets was:
Moshe's hand was strong enough to carry the Tablets, each one of which was one ama (cubit) by one ama by the height of one ama, and they were made of sapphire stone. (Mizrachi, Gur Aryeh)
Careful scrutiny will raise several questions. In the verse, the words "all that strong hand" precede the words "before the eyes of all Israel" -- which refers to the breaking of the Tablets. We may infer from this sequence that the "strong hand" speaks of receiving the first set of Tablets -- which were later broken. With this in mind several questions arise:
- The commentaries note that the Tablets referred to here were made of sapphire. In earlier references to the material of the Tablets we were only informed that the second Tablets were made of sapphire -- there is no earlier reference to the fact that the first Tablets were hewn of sapphire. This is very strange.
- It would be logical to say that since the first Tablets were made by G-d they should not have possessed the normal physical characteristics of enormous weight, etc. They should have been more spiritual. In the case of the Manna -- bread from heaven -- such was the case that it did not have the normal physical properties of corporeal food. The five-year-old Chumash student figures that certainly the Tablets which were the handiwork of G-d should have possessed spiritual properties, why should we say that they were so very heavy?
- Most importantly, was this really the greatness of Moshe, that he was able to carry heavy stones of sapphire?! We know that he was several times taller than the average person and certainly his physical strength was much greater than the average person's, yet, this was not Moshe's main quality and it seems absurd that at this point in his life the Torah should laud his physical prowess. It is certainly not congruous with the other qualities and praises heaped upon him in the preceding verses:
No other prophet like Moshe has arisen in Israel who knew G-d face to face. [No one else could reproduce] the signs and miracles that G-d let him display in the land of Egypt...or any of the mighty acts or great sights....
What significance is there in mere physical strength compared to these lofty and amazing qualities.
We may find the solution to this dilemma if we pay close attention to the exact wording of Rashi:
He received the Torah that was on the Tablets, in his hands.
If we were to interpret this verse in accordance with the Rashi annotators that it speaks of his weight-lifting ability, then it should not have said the "Torah that was on the Tablets," rather Rashi should merely have stated "He received the Tablets in his hands." Why does Rashi include the word Torah?!
The explanation of this point will be found by referring to the commentary of Rashi on the verse:
And He gave to Moshe, when he finished speaking...the words, kechaloso (when he finished) is written defectively to intimate that the Torah was handed over to Moshe as a gift (complete in every respect) even as the bride (kallah is "handed over") to the bridegroom (completely equipped with all that she requires) -- for in a period as brief as this (which Moshe spent on the mountain) he must have been unable to learn in its entirety every law (to be derived from it).
(Rashi, Shemos 31:18)
The time Moshe spent on the mountain was spent not in preparing the Tablets [they were engraved by G-d] but in studying from the Holy One, Blessed be He, the entire Torah -- which certainly needed a long time and much study. Even the five-year-old Chumash student sees all the multitude of books which hold the wisdom given to Moshe at Sinai. So G-d studied with Moshe for forty days and nights and at the end of that period, despite Moshe's enormous accomplishments and superhuman ability, he still did not know everything -- so G-d gave him the entire Torah as a gift -- analogous to a bride (kallah) who is "handed over to the bridegroom."
Rashi brings this important point to our attention, that along with the Tablets of stone, G-d gave Moshe the whole corpus of Torah. So when the Torah says:
When [G-d] finished speaking to Moshe on Mount Sinai, He gave him two Tablets of the testimony,
Rashi adds that it really meant that G-d gave him the whole Torah. Being chosen to receive this infinite gift, we must see whether Moshe possessed the intrinsic ability and the innate powers to be able to receive and digest so enormous a benefaction. Did he have the necessary "vessels" to receive the Torah -- if not, he would receive more good than he could handle (see Ta'anis 23a).
To clear up this point Rashi informs us, at the close of the Pentateuch, that along with all of Moshe's astounding powers and qualities he also had the ability to receive the entire Torah with all its laws and derivations at the same time that he accepted the Tablets of stone.
In this week's portion let us study the verse:
G-d made leather garments for Adam and his wife and He clothed them. (Bereishis 3:21)
On this we find a problematic Rashi commentary:
There are Aggados which say that they were smooth as fingernails, clinging to their skins; whereas some say [that they were made of] material that comes from skin, as for example the wool [hair] of hares which is soft and warm and of this He made garments for them. (Rashi, loc. cit.)
Rashi's system is to explain difficult passages in a plain and direct manner. He does not propose Midrashic, symbolic or esoteric meanings unless it is in a manner which directly enhances the plain meaning of the Scripture.
In the case at hand without Rashi's commentary the simple meaning of the verse is plain enough for the five-year-old Chumash student to fully comprehend that G-d made leather garments for Adam and Chavah. Why must Rashi introduce two Midrashic views and preface his remarks with the words "There are Aggados..."?
- What was unclear in this verse, which deemed it necessary for Rashi to add his explanation?
- By saying "there are Aggados" it would seem that the first Agaddah is closer to the reality -- but, in fact, the second interpretation seems closer to the actual occurrence. For the term "leather garments" used in the verse would mean that the garments are made of the leather or some part of an animal skin (such as the fur), and not a covering for (or attached to) the skin!
This is all the more problematic since Rashi himself prefaces his remarks with the statement that this is an Aggadic interpretation!
Some annotators to Rashi suggest that Rashi was reluctant to leave the plain meaning of leather garments alone, because that would infer that G-d had to kill some animal to remove its skin, and since G-d is merciful He would not have killed an animal if it were possible to provide Adam and Chavah with clothing in another way.
This is too simplistic, for in Gan Eden everything was available and ready to use: "everything that is pleasant to look at and good to eat..." (Bereishis 2:9), good rivers, "gold," "pearls and precious stones" (Ibid.:12), and many more goodly things not enumerated in Scripture. Certainly, there was also processed leather available and there would have been no need for G-d to take life in order to prepare leather garments. Especially since the Torah describes what G-d did by saying simply: "G-d made leather garments."
So our original question stands, why not leave the plain meaning alone: "leather garments"?!
When the five-year-old Chumash student learns this verse, that "G-d made leather garments for Adam and his wife and He clothed them," he is perturbed. Just prior to this we are told:
They sewed together fig leaves and made themselves loincloths, (Ibid. 2:7)
to cover their nakedness. If they were capable of making loincloths they could have also made proper garments. Why did G-d have to make them garments (tunics).
Even more puzzling is the fact that G-d dressed them! The Holy One, Blessed be He, made the garments for them and dressed them -- they did not (or could not) dress themselves!?
The student further ponders the narrative "Vayaas Havayeh Elokim" -- (G-d, L-rd made). He had previously studied Rashi's comment on the verse "on the day the L-rd, G-d completed (created) earth and heaven," (ibid. 2:4) -- that the Name Havayeh referred to the attribute of mercy and the Name Elokim referred to the attribute of judgment (severity). Why is it necessary for Scripture to use both of these terms when it relates the story of the clothing? Why even the whole world could have been created only by the Name Elokim -- why the need for both names here?
To answer this question Rashi quotes the Midrash that G-d made them coverings for their skin. Clearly, this type of "garment" which is attached to their bodies can only be fashioned and attached to them by the Holy One, Blessed be He. This also explains the need for both Names of G-d, Mercy and Severity. The Torah relates that G-d drove them out of Gan Eden -- an act of judgment -- however the Torah also indicates that prior to the exercise of judgment G-d showed them mercy.
He clothed them with "nail-like" plates to cover them and protect them -- just as the punishment was to always be, so too, would their G-d-given garments always be an expression of supernal kindness.
But the student is still not convinced that G-d would perform a miracle when He could have simply given them non-miraculous clothes. So Rashi adds that there is another explanation which does in fact say that the garments were normal, regular garments -- here G-d's mercy was expressed in the fact that these garments were not mere figleaf loincloths but much better quality, leather garments. [The reference to "hair" or "wool" is only an example to help the student comprehend the subject.]
Until this point they had no opportunity to make proper clothing, for right after forming the figleaf covering, they heard G-d calling them and then immediately after their dialogue with G-d, G-d did not wait for them to make better clothing but mercifully made them new and better garments.
The problem with this version is that garments made of leather they could have put on by themselves! This is the reason Rashi goes back and opts for the nail-like garments as a better meaning for this verse. Thus each opinion leaves something to be desired, yet each attempts to explain the difficulties of the verse.
In the Rambam section which we study today we learn the laws of a proper mikvah -- ritualarium (ritual-immersion pool). The Rambam teaches:
According to Scripture, any water that has gathered may be used for immersion, for it is said, "a gathering of water" (Vayikra 2:36), that is, gathering of any kind, provided only that there is enough of it to allow the immersion of a man's entire body at one time....
He goes on to say:
But according to the teachings of the scribes drawn water is not valid for immersion.... Although the invalidation of drawn water rests only on the authority of the scribes, they have inferred it by analogy, since Scripture says: "Nevertheless a fountain or a cistern wherein is a gathering of water shall be clean (Vayikra 2:36). A fountain is not made by man at all, while a cistern is wholly of man's making, since it is all drawn water. Accordingly, the sages have said that "a gathering of water" should not all be drawn water, like a cistern, nor need all of it be heaven-made, like a fountain; rather, if there is in it something man-made, it is valid.
(Laws of Mikvaos 4:1-3)
From this halachic exposition we may derive an important moral lesson for our Divine service.
The Rambam also refers to the laws of an immersion pool in a symbolic way and compares it to immersion in "the waters of pure reason" which is the Torah.
In Torah, too, there is the fountain which is wholly heaven-made, and the man-made cistern. The matters clearly set down in Torah are heaven-made and the projections of these principles as they are understood in the human mind are "man-made."
When a Jew turns to a sage and asks to be guided in the ways of teshuvah the sage may suggest some idea which is wholly of human understanding. Despite the source of the advice, according to Scriptural law this would be sufficient -- so long as it may be presumed that they are words of "pure reason."
However, the Scribes ruled that "man-made waters" are insufficient and will not bring purity. The generations are now weaker and we cannot equate human understanding with the "waters of pure reason."
On the other hand, the heavenly water of pure reason may be modified and applied according to human projection, for after all, human involvement in Torah is also required. So the symbolic mikvah of pure reason must combine the heavenly waters and the human aspect.
An example of this would be the current emphasis on making for yourself a Rav. You must appoint the teacher for yourself -- one whom you respect and who will guide you and teach you. No one else will place the teacher upon you, you must do it with your own good will. On the one hand the Rav must be above you, at the same time you do it from below. In a like manner the waters of pure reason must combine the heavenly aspect applied in a human way. | <urn:uuid:8e5ee6a7-fed0-4eff-a405-c825ef47e1c3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.sichos-in-english.org/books/sichos-in-english/33/18.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.968821 | 5,538 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Like other sources of taxable U.S. income, business income must be reported to the IRS. For example, partnership income is reported on Form 1065 (U.S. Return of Partnership Income), income from corporations is reported on Form 1120 (U.S. Corporation Income Tax Return), and income from sole proprietorships is reported using Form 1040, Schedule C (Profit or Loss from Business). Notably, limited liability companies may elect to file as corporations or partnerships, depending on their chosen tax strategy. But no matter the type of entity, when business owners of any kind hide income from the IRS – whether by failing to file the appropriate returns, or by underreporting the company’s earnings – the resulting civil and criminal tax penalties can be severe. By way of example, look to Wisconsin tax defendant Steven Rader, 37, who was recently sentenced to five months in federal prison and ordered to pay nearly $200,000 in fines after pleading guilty to felony tax evasion. According to the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), the charges against Rader involved a years-long tax fraud scheme by which the defendant knowingly concealed hundreds of thousands of dollars in business income from the IRS.
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A DOJ press release announced the June 2019 sentencing of defendant Steven Rader, a Muskego, Wisconsin business owner whose company Willie Fun Entertainment provided DJ and entertainment services for various events. In addition to operating Willie Fun Entertainment, Rader was also employed part-time by Wisconsin’s Hamilton School District, which he served as technical director. However, only income from the latter – approximately $9,000 per year – was reported on the defendant’s tax returns. Meanwhile, Rader concealed roughly half a million dollars from the IRS, willfully omitting all income from Willie Fun Entertainment on “federal tax returns for the years 2012 to 2014.” By willfully understating his business income by approximately $500,000 over a three-year period, Rader evaded the payment of approximately $90,000 in U.S. income taxes.
By 2013, Rader’s returns had attracted the IRS’ notice, leading to a tax audit. (For detailed information about the likelihood of an audit, common triggers for IRS audits, or how the IRS decides which returns to audit, browse our tax audit FAQs, or talk to our IRS audit lawyers for help.) In response, Rader filed amended returns – which were also inaccurate. Rather than amending the returns to reflect 100% of the previously unreported income, Rader reported only $223,466: the amount he received through the online transaction service Paypal. By way of explanation, Rader claimed he did not accept any other forms of payment from customers, despite actually accepting both checks and cash.
“The honest women and men who pay their taxes dutifully,” said Matthew Krueger, U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Wisconsin, “deserve to know that tax cheats face time in federal prison. We are committed,” he continued, “to defending the integrity of our government by prosecuting tax crimes aggressively.”
U.S. District Judge Joseph P. Stadtmueller agreed, handing down a five-month sentence in federal prison. In addition, Judge Stadtmueller ordered that Rader “pay more than $195,000 in restitution” for the tax losses caused by his crime.
There are several lessons for taxpayers to take away from this case. First, it is essential to report income accurately, as noncompliance is all but guaranteed to result in an eventual audit. Second, if you are contacted about an audit, you should consult an experienced tax attorney for step-by-step guidance, since filing false amended returns will merely exacerbate your present situation. Third, there can be harsh civil and criminal penalties for tax evasion – not only in terms of the fines and expenses, but more starkly, loss of your personal liberty and potentially the end of your career if there is a moral character requirement to engage in it.
Effective criminal tax defense representation can be the difference between freedom and incarceration. By working strategically, a tax fraud defense lawyer can also mitigate the financial penalties you face, protecting your rights and advocating on your behalf. Of course, the best way to avoid a criminal tax investigation is to work with a trusted tax compliance attorney, like David W. Klasing, who can guide you and your business safely through the Internal Revenue Code.
Whether you are facing tax fraud charges, or you simply have questions about tax planning and compliance for your small business, the Tax Law Office of David W. Klasing is here to provide dedicated, award-winning service and support. To set up a reduced-rate consultation with an income tax evasion lawyer or business tax attorney today, contact us online, or call the Tax Law Office of David W. Klasing at (800) 681-1295.
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Will it cost me more to hire the Tax Law Offices of David W. Klasing, who’s main office and the vast majority of the firm’s staff is located in Irvine California, but an appointment only Satellite office is close to my location, as opposed to a local company? Absolutely not! See our policies that address this issue here | <urn:uuid:0a503977-0f98-418c-88ed-f50f5a09ae56> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://klasing-associates.com/wisconsin-business-owner-sentenced-tax-evasion-underreporting-income-irs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.945991 | 1,398 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Welcome to our blog!
Jack and Doris wanted to divide their property equally between their three children. The house should to go to daughter Mary who loved it, and the rest of their estate should be apportioned equally between sons Bob and Francis.
Jack and Doris’s attorney drafted a will distributing the modest remainder to the sons and the attorney filed a beneficiary deed leaving the house to Mary. A beneficiary deed – or transfer-on-death deed – is a useful and efficient way to leave real estate to heirs without going through expensive and protracted probate proceedings.
Years passed. Jack died and, late in life, Doris was diagnosed with cancer. She had forgotten about the earlier plan. She wrote out a will leaving her property equally to her three children.
After Doris died, the children were unhappy to discover a conflict between the old beneficiary deed and the new handwritten will. The will was legally binding but, because beneficiary deeds take precedence, Mary ended up getting more than her parents had intended. She got the house through the beneficiary deed and then an additional one-third of the remaining property through the will. This was not what Jack and Doris had wanted and the inequity strained the relationship between the children.
Remember: Your estate plan is not a time capsule, preserving relics for future discovery. Be sure to talk to an attorney to update your plan in the event of illness or change in circumstances. Please feel free to contact us – we would be happy to help. | <urn:uuid:9502af3d-2fd3-4a5f-b8e6-4481c9f1e861> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pmflaw.com/making-sure-your-estate-plan-reflects-your-wishes-in-the-state-of-california/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.976421 | 308 | 1.5 | 2 |
Phantom Silver marks 100th Anniversary of Silver Ghost
June 4, 2007 It was 100 years ago this week that a new marque established itself in the minds of the British public as the world’s finest car. Just over 12 months after Frederick Henry Royce and Charles Stewart Rolls began manufacturing cars together, the company’s new Silver Ghost won the gold medal in its class for hill climbing speed and reliability at the 1907 Scottish Reliability Trial. Later that year, a Silver Ghost travelled 14,371 miles non-stop to set the world record for a motor run, the publicity further reinforcing perceptions of the name which went on to become a metaphor for excellence the world over. To mark the 100th anniversary of the Silver Ghost, Rolls-Royce has produced a special model, the Phantom Silver , of which only 25 will be made. The Phantom Silver will carry a UKP22,000 premium over the standard Phantom price of UKP220,000.
First built in 1906, specifically to publicise the then new Rolls-Royce 40/50 h.p. six-cylinder model, the Silver Ghost established the Rolls-Royce reputation for reliability and engineering excellence. The name was coined in 1907 by Rolls-Royce Managing Director, Claude Johnson, by virtue of its silver coachwork and its ‘extraordinary stealthiness’. The original Silver Ghost, registered AX-201, competed in the 1907 Scottish Reliability Trial, for which it won the gold medal in its class for hill climbing speed and reliability. The Silver Ghost went on in that year to break the world record for a non-stop motor run, covering a London to Glasgow route 27 times, with mileage totaling 14,371 miles.
More than 6,000 “Silver Ghosts” were built between 1907 and 1925, and sold in every corner of the world. The majority are still in good running order.
In tribute to the specifications of the original, the Phantom Silver is finished in a new Bespoke paint, Metallic Ghost Silver. The 21-inch wheels have chrome centres and on top of the grille sits a hallmarked solid silver Spirit of Ecstasy. Inside, Rose Leaf or Crème Light leather is accompanied by seat piping and headrests embroidered with the Rolls-Royce interlinked RR badge. Straight grained Santos Palissander wood veneer is used throughout. The same veneer is also used on a specially designed presentation box that houses the key, two solid silver key fobs and a specially commissioned solid silver Conway Stewart fountain pen.
Phantom Silver specification
* Bespoke Ghost Silver paintwork * 21-inch alloy wheels chrome centre caps * Roseleaf or Crème Light leather interior trim * Santos Palissander veneered wood * Coolbox * Solid silver and enamel Conway Stewart pen * Solid silver key fob * Solid silver Spirit of Ecstasy * Bespoke drinks holder * Bespoke champagne flutes and tumblers detailed with silver * White instrument dials * Bespoke clock matched to instrument dials * Phantom Silver tread plates | <urn:uuid:728a852f-3aa1-4441-8d2f-12cdc3899a11> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newatlas.com/phantom-silver-marks-100th-anniversary-of-silver-ghost/7386/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.909174 | 631 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Digital Video Surveillance and Security
(as of Aug 19,2022 20:19:57 UTC – Details)
The use of digital surveillance technology is rapidly growing as it becomes significantly cheaper for live and remote monitoring. The second edition of Digital Video Surveillance and Security provides the most current and complete reference for security professionals and consultants as they plan, design, and implement surveillance systems to secure their places of business.
By providing the necessary explanations of terms, concepts, and technological capabilities, this revised edition addresses the newest technologies and solutions available on the market today. With clear descriptions and detailed illustrations, Digital Video Surveillance and Security is the only book that shows the need for an overall understanding of the digital video surveillance (DVS) ecosystem.
- Highly visual with easy-to-read diagrams, schematics, tables, troubleshooting charts, and graphs
- Includes design and implementation case studies and best practices
- Uses vendor-neutral comparisons of the latest camera equipment and recording options
Publisher:Butterworth-Heinemann; 2nd edition (April 21, 2014)
Item Weight:1.65 pounds
Dimensions:7.5 x 0.99 x 9.25 inches | <urn:uuid:cbeee26d-0bd0-47ca-9a6e-dfe62c66e6f4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://homeessentialdeals.com/product/digital-video-surveillance-and-security/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.837877 | 285 | 1.53125 | 2 |
For many people, receiving a debt collection demand may be an unpleasant experience, and it is not always clear what it entails. Therefore, we have compiled some FAQs about the debt collection process and what it entails.
Debt collection is an action taken by one party against another party in order to get a debt paid.
The first step to a debt collection demand is that you have not paid your debts despite reminders. The number of reminders varies from company to company.
Often, the creditor chooses to file a claim at a debt collection agency instead of trying to recover the debt themselves. The debt collection agency then sends a debt collection demand to the debtor, which entails additional charges. The money must be paid to the debt collection agency, and not to the original creditor, by the due date stated in the letter.
No, with a single debt collection demand, you will not get a non-payment record.
However, if you do not pay before the due date of the debt collection demand, the case may be submitted to Kronofogden to initiate a payment order, which may result in a non-payment record in the long term.
If you need help in settling your debts, please contact us and one of our administrators will arrange a payment plan with you.
If you do not pay your debts despite the debt collection demand, an application for a payment order may be submitted to Kronofogden to settle your debt. In such cases, you will receive a letter from Kronofogden which you have to sign.
If you accept the debt and intend to pay it, you should contact us for the current payment amount and payment details. When full payment has been received, the claim will be revoked from Kronofogden on condition that no ruling has been issued.
If you wish to dispute the debt, you should do so in writing to Kronofogden. The case may be forwarded to the District Court.
If you are served by process and the debt is neither contested nor paid, Kronofogden will settle the debt by a ruling. A non-payment record is then registered with the credit bureaus.
A payment order is a way of claiming payment from the debtor, and is done by making an application at Kronofogden. It is a way for the claimant to get the debt paid. If the debtor does not dispute the payment, the application results in a ruling, which then forms the basis for Kronofogden's work to get the debt paid.
Neither we nor Kronofogden issues non-payment records; it is the credit bureaus that list them in their files.
A non-payment record remains active for three years for private individuals and five years for legal persons. Legal persons are also given a non-payment record during the application for a payment order, and this remains active for two years. A non-payment record remains active for the relevant duration regardless of debt repayment. A non-payment record is an indication that financial commitments have not been respected, and it can affect future loan and credit applications.
A debt relief order is a means by which severely indebted people can reduce their debt to a manageable level that enables them to pay the debt within the foreseeable future. Kronofogden is responsible for determining whether a person is entitled to a debt relief order. (Translated from Wikipedia, Swedish version)
Please avoid creating new debts while a debt relief order is in place as these are not included in the debt relief order and must be paid in full. If new debts are created, Kronofogden may seize your salary to pay for the new debts. Such a situation can make your debt relief order difficult to manage. Creditors can also apply for the cancellation of a debt relief order.
Here you can find answers to questions such as how to pay your debt, how much debt you have and what your options are if you can't pay all at once.
If you need help to get in control of your debts, please contact us, and one of our handlers will together with you find a payment plan that works for all. | <urn:uuid:fb791d1f-d536-4f9b-9270-85561fb00fa2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gothiagroup.com/en/how-does-debt-collection-work/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.954887 | 839 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Knockoffs are a designer’s worst nightmare. Imagine spending precious time perfecting a design that is uniquely yours only to find others creating exact replicas, and selling and making a profit from them as if your hard work did not matter. That is an issue many designers have faced and will continue to face as communication tools like social media blur the lines of authenticity and ownership of ideas and designs. However, what is a knockoff and how do you protect your designs against them?
The World Of Knockoffs
A knockoff is an imitation or a copy of a design that is intentionally marketed as the original in order to receive a profit from it. While it is true that certain pieces inspire designers and that a basic level of imitation is at times encouraged, passing your copy of an original as an authentic piece goes beyond inspiration. Unfortunately, knockoffs pop up constantly. Some of the most iconic pieces of industrial design, such as the Eiffel chair, are accompanied with hundreds of replicas. The Eiffel chair can range in price anywhere from $40 (the replica) to $400 (the ones with licensed trademarks).
If world famous designs are susceptible to knockoffs, is there any hope for other designers? There absolutely is hope for knockoff protection, but designers must be willing to work hard to ensure that their rights are continuously protected. Seeking a lawyer’s counsel will provide you with the information you need in order to choose the most relevant form(s) of intellectual property protection such as: trademarks, copyright, and design and utility patents.
When your design becomes public, there are some tradeoffs. While you receive recognition and potential profits from your design, there are also people out there waiting to make cheaper replicas and then selling them to prospective customers. Therefore, it is important to take every step needed to protect your design, which includes having the correct and relevant intellectual property protections. | <urn:uuid:0ac455ef-2d13-493a-82a5-59b3ffa690ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://daevasdesign.com/knockoffs-industrial-design/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.960788 | 389 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Here is a list of 7 most common habits that can cause acne:
1. CERTAIN DIETARY HABITS
For a long time, it was believed that certain food like those that are high in fat (chocolate and fried foods) can directly lead to breakouts. The good news – recent studies have shown that this is not totally true. Studies indicate that foods which cause a sudden increase in blood sugar level such as sodas, white breads and pasta promote cause acne. Some experts also believe that dairy products can increase the chance of developing acne since these usually contain hormones.
2. USING MAKEUP THAT CONTAINS ACNE-PROMOTING INGREDIENTS
Watch out for the most common acne-causing ingredients in makeup which are mineral oil, artificial color, lanolin, petroleum, artificial fragrance and isopropyl myristate. Before buying makeup, check the ingredients carefully and make sure it is non-comedogenic which means it doesn’t block pores and cause acne.
3. USING MAKEUP APPLICATORS THAT ARE DIRTY
Aside from ensuring your makeup products do not promote acne, you should also make sure that the makeup applicators you are using are clean and can’t cause breakouts. You need to clean your sponges, makeup brushes and other makeup applicators regularly or buy a new one every now and then.
4. OVER-DRYING YOUR FACE
Everyone knows that oily skin promotes acne but over-drying your face irritates the skin. This also causes the skin to produce more oil as a natural way to correct itself thus promoting breakouts. Avoid harsh cleansers and other skincare products that causedryness of the skin.
5. HIGH LEVELS OF STRESS
Stress can have many negative effects on a person’s health but most people are not aware that it also increases certain hormones that can lead to breakouts. This is why you need to learn how to properly manage stress. Try meditating or exercising regularly to keep your stress levels controlled. Take a short walk during periods of high stress at the office or take a break and listen to relaxing music.
6. IRREGULAR LAUNDRY SCHEDULE
Your laziness in following a regular laundry schedule may be causing your acne. Your face lies on your pillowcase for several hours each day. It also comes into contact with your blanket which can cause acne when these are not regularly cleaned. You should also make sure you are always using clean towels to dry your skin. Otherwise, you could be spreading germs all over your body which can cause acne. Change your beddings at least once a week and use a fresh towel daily or at least every other day.
7. THE USE OF CERTAIN HAIR PRODUCTS
Many hair products can cause acne and most people aren’t aware of this fact. Just think about how often your hair touches your face and you will understand how it can promote breakouts. Also, if you don’t wash your hair before bedtime, all the hair products are transferred to your pillow. If you are prone to acne, avoid hair products that contain oil, plasticizers and silicones which can clog pores and cause acne when reaching the skin. | <urn:uuid:c6a06a22-bc6a-4860-b7b8-501032361aea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pinoria.com/what-causes-acne/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.938316 | 678 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Regarding human postures and their relation to power, Elias Canetti notes that “Man, who prides himself on standing upright, can also, while remainig in the same place, sit, lie, squat or
kneel. All these postures, and particularly the change from one to another, have their own special significance.”
Giant and dwarf is a physical game consisting of such transitions: mainly between sitting and standing positions. One specific player seems to hold the power here. But we all know that in a
well-played game, the power of playfulness outweighs all other sorts of power – at least we like to wish so. Anyways, the gameplay:
Giant and dwarf is a game for at least three players. The more the merrier.
One player is chosen as commander. All players stand (or sit) in front of the commander, facing him/her. The commander shouts quickly one of the two commands ‘giant!’ and ‘dwarf!’ in a mixed
order. When commanded to be giant, players must stand up (or keep standing) and when dwarf is shouted, they must sit (or keep sitting). Whoever moves contrary to the command, or fails to move
accordingly, is out of play. The player playing without fault to the end is the winner.
In one variation, the commander also moves while giving the commands. Commander’s moves doesn’t have to be in accordance with the command itself, which makes other players job more difficult
and the game more fun.
A more complicated version of the game includes two additional commands: flea and tick. When the commander says flea the players must jump, and in response to tick players must curl up in | <urn:uuid:f8a24682-52b7-4dc8-afc7-38cacc73913b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ludozofi.com/home/games/giant-and-dwarf/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.971909 | 371 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Millville city in United States. Geo-Coordinates
Millville are around 39° 22' North Latitude and 75° 2' West Longitude.
The city is one of the city in New Jersey region.
Presently the clock shows Friday, August 19, 2022 5:02:34 PM which is having an offset of about UTC/GMT -5:00:00 hour(s) with respect to Universal Coordinated Time / Greenwich Mean Time. | <urn:uuid:74a04902-e062-4713-890b-8e45d009c51b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tejji.com/time-date/current-time/united-states/new-jersey/millville | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.910176 | 96 | 1.632813 | 2 |
In an environment where on one side properties become more and more important
and on the other side our economic interests shift from objects to information,
home is no longer defined by geographic coordinates but by the access path in an information net. Home is not only as helter but also a communicative place where you can define at least some of the rules and feel secure.
Otherwise the home concept would not have had such success in programs like Hypercard and on the Web as well as IRL (1) the safe place to get back to. In an environment that is messy by definition we need a place to go home, from where we can start out again.
1 In Real Life: an Abbreviation that makes fun of itself by being used.
No matter how you perceive home, it is always embedded in memories, and different technologies are used to maintain these memories and thus connect to home. Nevertheless, the home experience of the body is complementing the memory even when in a motel room with a laptop PC, Living in a virtually- generated world results ultimately in alienation from the ego which disconnects you from the outside world (Schaff 1977). And connection to the net cannot replace the personal experience. The role of virtual reality systems is heavily debated as a replacement for the outside world. We do not know yet if our mind can adapt to a degree that we accept VR worlds as more real than real worlds. If we have memories there, we might begin to accept it and develop a form of belonging to it.
Cases of people reacting like machines have been described in literature as mental disorders, as in the case of Joey, a boy who believes he is a robot (Bettelheim, 1962).
Interaction and communication is in many ways assumed to be with the computer rather than through the computer, and human interface design encourages that (ct. Also Weizenbaum, 1976). And while the computer can serve as a memory place for ‘home’; that is, a place to attach memories to.
By analysing the computer as a home two distinctive aspects have to be reviewed – the computer as a memory place and the computer as a communication device. While these two aspects cannot be separated in their usage, it seems to make sense to discuss them separately.
The computer as a memory place
The computer is more than a device sitting on my desk – it is the place for my memory, my memories and that is what home is all about.
The computer as a communication device
While two or more telephone lines at home is becoming standard in the US, Vienna is just moving the phone from the attic into the living room.
Many have pointed out that the telephone is the first electric VR machine, as you can talk to someone without having to see them, but what is more important here – and this holds true equally well for the computer – it extends the home. Avital Ronell in her Telephone Book asks: When does the telephone become what it is? It presupposes the existence of another telephone, somewhere, though it’s a totality as apparatus, its singularity, is what we think of when we say ‘telephone’. (Ronell 1989)
Home is used in many computer systems as an ‘anchor’ for orientation in complex environments. Whenever you get lost you go home.
Instantly teleports you to your designated home room. Initially, this room is the LEGO Closet (#109).
You can change your designated home; see ‘help @sethome’ for details.
(from: MediaMOO (2) Help System)
Meeting in strange places, specially inside a computer can be awkward at times. One suddenly realizes that all this Global Community chat is not made for people.
2 MediaMOO is a professional virtual community with its membership restricted to professionals in media research interested in exploring virtual text based worlds. It is at purple-crayon. Media.mit.edu 8888
You say, "Isn't that weird - you sit in AMS and I In VIE and we meet in Boston, Mass"
Guest says, "it is a bit awkward..."
(excerpt from an original conversation in the LEGO/Logo Lab inside the MediaMOO.)
The Kaffeehaus Metaphor
The Kaffeehaus as Memory Place.
Vienna has the great advant- age of a unique institution the Kaffeehaus , which has nothing to do with the café. You are neither at home nor in the open public; You are in your Kaffeehaus, in an environment known to you, where you are known, where you have information resources available (3) and partners to communicate with. It is similar to a networked environment - with the advantage that the agents are really intelligent and the coffee is good.
3 Decent Kaffeehäuser not only offer the major newspaper of the world but also an encyclopedia and the waiter knows answers to most general and personal questions.
A whole literary style has emerged from authors working in the Kaffeehaus rather than at home. One of them, Alfred Polgar pointed out: In the Kaffeehaus you find people who want to be alone but need company to do that. And there are so many who hate the Kaffeehaus even though, or because, of the fact that it is somehow a home to them (Bernhard).
The Electronic Cafe
Electronic Cafes were around before the I-Way discussion heated up. Kit and Sheri opened their Electronic Café on 18th Street in Santa Monica many years ago, and it has been a template for many other similar locations around the world. Their activity is actually less that of a café but more of a meeting place of some sort of activist group in search of international connections. Their preferred technology was always the video telephone, a technology that never really hit the market as the bandwidth we have available - despite all arguments - is still very narrow. Still, black and white jerky video phones have their community around the world and serious sceptics are told that Bishop Tutu has one of those phones and so much for that!
Is the computer becoming more and more the defining environment in a non -communicative society, thus replacing neighbour-communication with long-distance communication via electronic devices?
Home is where you hang your head.
Home as a Place
Being at home is being in a known environment - and as much as home means something different for every reader of this text, we all know the feeling associated with it. It is more than a place to stay but not necessarily one’s own apartment or castle. I will try to argue that the concept of home is losing its relation to the place we live in as the conceptual home moves towards a dynamic medium, away from paper and hooks and all the other things that surround us and define the space we live in.
While the mind-body discussion is still unsolved, home is getting more from where you hang your hat, or as Groucho puts it, your head, but where you hang (should read: plug-in) your mind. While home is still a place, it is less of a geographical and more of a conceptual place.
Home as an Address
Home is also the place where you can be located by others. While houses used to have no street address but a name that identified them, places like Brodie CastIe near Elgin, named after the family, or houses like Zum blauen Schwan in Vienna, named after the house sign, today the location of houses has no more importance to get in contact with the people who live there.
Recently I saw a card that identified the coordinates of the owner by three numbers, the 9-digit ZIP code that identifies a PO-Box in the us, the telephone number, and the Compuserve address:
(212) 555 1212
And while in small towns people still know where you live and can give you directions (turn right behind the red barn…) the basic conversation today is about how to send messages from Compuserve via Internet to some other system.
Getting in contact
Our relations are no longer networked to the other side of the street we live in (read: we put our body to bed every night) but via hyperlinks in virtual nets. Not only are we resuming a nomadic life style abandoned for very practical reasons many generations ago, we can also easily carry around many aspects of home in a laptop computer – and can be met at home in the most desirable places. A lot has been written about information junkies (Rheingold 1993) and their need for communication. The Global Village where we all get together is being used as a metaphor for the round table where we meet to discuss whatever moves us. Rheingold analyses the state of CMC (computer-mediated communication) and writes about the addicts on different systems: the Minitel in France, the campus networks, the XXX BBS (adults only) in the middle of nowhere. The feeling of logging into the WELL (4) for just a minute or two, dozens of times a day, is very similar to the feeling of peeking into the café, the pub, the common room, to see who’s there (…) (ibid. p.26). It also has a similar devastating effect to one’s agenda – you lose hours a day chatting away on interesting but not very important issues. The most interesting aspect in all this discussion about global communities and worldwide information exchange is Rheingold’s point, that the WELL works only for people who live in the area after all. Attending the annual WELL picnics has become an integral part of life on the net. Many discussions do not travel well and need a common cultural field. Home is more than a mailbox – it is the cultural environment that surrounds us – but not necessarily a geographic position.
4 The Whole Earth ‘Lectronic Link is a Bay Area (San Francisco) based system that has gained cult status as the computer conferencing system to an extent that the art group Station Rose performs sessions about the WELL as art pieces. Rheingold’s book The Virtual Community, Homesteading the Electronic Frontier , (Rheingold 1993) tells you everything you will ever want to know about the WELL and the people who have their home there.
My home is my Library
l am very often involved in discussions about the future of the book and if electronic media will kill the book. One of the reasons people are so concerned about the possible vanishing of books is their quality to make a home comfortable. For many of us, home is defined by books. Not only by books as a decorative item in a room, but by the book as an outside representation of mind. The transition of the hook from paper to a dynamic medium thus endangers our home concept. This is one of the reasons for irrational resistance to electronic books.
The Art of Memory uses rules for places and rules of images not only to remember but also to create conceptual worlds: Constat igitur artificiosa memoria ex locis et imaginibus - and no matter (sic!) whether we sleep every night at a different place or continue to live in the room we were born for the rest of our days - the concept of home is what creates it, not the place alone - the memory that holds the traces that are constitutive, for home is built by images of places and places for images. (Yates 1969)
Nothing to write home about? Even when away, home is still the place to write to - to get back to - but can you feel homesick for a home stack, a home card or a homepage of a WWW server? Probably not, as none convey any feeling of being back home. On a home page you cannot touch the green, green grass of home. Home has changed in dimension but has not lost its magnetism. And while the phone has moved from a contraption in the attic to a commodity in the living room - preferably cordless - you feel the umbilical cord only when you stand freezing on the corner of Broadway and 14th fresh out of quarters.
Phone company ads live on mothers calling their babies - people getting in contact, staying in contact. Are we moving out of the restricted home, defined by geographic borders or are we moving in?
When you show up on the doorstep of an English manor it is quite possible that the butler may teIl you Milady apologizes, she is not at home and you will have to wait until you get a nice card
Mr. and Mrs , John Miller
on Saturday, November 5
from 4 pm
- you are not personally invited - you are being told that Mr. & Mrs. Miller will be at home and willing – if not happy – to see you. This is the way things still work – unless you meet for a chat in the Internet where social conventions are still very rudimentary - because of the code being restricted to ASCII (5). Don't leave home without it
5 No pictures, no nice fonts, no sound in most communications – as of today.
The industry tells us that home is where we want to be and that they can help us feel at home, Home has become the ubiquitous word in every catalogue in every marketing campaign. Sony and others offer home entertainment, MicroSoft created a home imprint suggesting that their CD-roms are for home use, communications companies help you stay in touch and credit card companies suggest a home abroad when needed.
Cars make great homes too: people sometimes prefer to 'live' in their car, even if it is not an RV or motor home, while retail statistics show that people spend
more money on their car stereo than on their home equipment. One of the reasons why we have favorite books is that we feel at home in them -.
Home inside a book bringing it all back home
lch fühl miech nicht Zuhause – I don't feel at home – the feeling of not belonging here where one is is common upon Jews, especially in the Diaspora in Europe, where traditionally they have been on the run forever, living out of their suitcases. Gustav Mahler, the famous composer who, coming from a small Bohemian town with at that time a predominantly German- speaking population, who became world famous in Vienna, felt threefold homeless - as Bohemian among the Austrians, as Austrian among the Germans and as a Jew in the whole world. Ultimately home is not inside the books, not inside the house, but inside ourselves.
Mother (to small child who wants the light left on): But you sleep fine In the dark at home, sweetheart.
Child: Yes, but at home lt's my own dark.
A. Applewhite And I Quote , Voyager, New York 1994.
T. Bernhard Wittgensteins Neffe , Suhrkamp, Frankfurt/M.
B. Bettelheim, 'Joey: a 'Mechanical Boy' in: Man alone, Alienation in modern society Ed. E. a. M. Josephson, New York 1962, p.437- 438.
H.Rheingold, The Virtual Community; Homesteading the Electronic Frontier , Addison Wesley, Reading, MA etc., 1993.
A. Ronell The Telephone book. Technology - schizophrenia – Electric speech , Univ. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln 1989.
A. Schaff Entfremdung als soziales Phänomen , Europa, Wien 1977.
J. Weizenbaum, Computer Power and Human Reason , WH. Freeman, San Francisco 1976.
F. A. Yates The Art of Memory , Penguin, Harmondsworth 1969. | <urn:uuid:c7a3adf6-f4c9-438f-a654-bcb4dcb38110> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mediamatic.net/nl/page/8920/my-home-is-my-memory-is-my-home | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.953166 | 3,313 | 2.890625 | 3 |
1. Stand in NaliniKIDS posture
2. Separate your feet wider than your hips and drop into a squat
3. Extend your arms between your legs toward the floor, and bring your palms together (make sure your shoulders are back and down)
4. Keep your hips low as you jump your feet and thighs together and bring your hands apart (now your arms are wider than your hips)
5. Keep your hips low as you jump back into the original starting position (legs apart, arms between your legs)
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5
– 10 reps
– Hold/realign posture
– 10 reps
– 5 second hold (legs together, hands apart)
NOTE: Legs together/apart = one rep
If you have knee discomfort or pain:
– Move up and down in a low squat (skip the jumping)
How does your body feel after completing the workout?
How does your mind feel after completing the workout?
What does Happy mean to you in this moment?
Choose from the additional reflection prompts below to customize this lesson and meet the needs of your students and your time constraints. Create a unique workout experience every time you return to this lesson!
What are some things that have made you feel happy in the past?
Every day is unique. Reflect on something positive that happened today that makes today different from every other day.
Reflect on the environment where you feel the happiest. How can you plan to spend more time there in the future?
Who in your family spreads happiness, and how?
How can you spread happiness to the people within your learning environment?
Belonging to a group or community can increase a person’s happiness. Reflect on a group you belong to and how this group has increased your happiness.
Reflect on a story, book, or poem that makes you feel happy. Why does it make you feel that way?
Look up which country in the world has the happiest population this year. What are some things that make a country happy?
What effect can your physical environment have on your happiness?
The weather can affect how we feel. Yuma, Arizona gets over 4,000 hours of sunshine per year, making it the sunniest (and happiest?) place on Earth. | <urn:uuid:bdf3ad93-8c33-4c67-9c4e-56ba8b65fd27> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wordworkouts.org/lesson/middle-school/happy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.923839 | 529 | 3.078125 | 3 |
XOR cipher is a simple additive encryption technique in itself but is used commonly in other encryption techniques. The truth table for XOR cipher is as below. If the bits are same then the result is 0 and if the bits are different then the result is 1.
|Bit 1||Operation||Bit 2||Result|
Let’s take an example. We would encrypt Sun using the key 01010010 repeatedly .
Encryption Text | S | u | n | ACII Code | 083 | 117 | 110 | Binary | 01010011 | 01110101 | 01101110 | Key | 01010010 | 01010010 | 01010010 | Cipher | 00000001 | 00100111 | 00111100 | Now if we XOR the cipher with the same key we will get back the out original text. Decryption Cipher | 00000001 | 00100111 | 00111100 | Key | 01010010 | 01010010 | 01010010 | Output | 01010011 | 01110101 | 01101110 | ACII Code | 083 | 117 | 110 | Text | S | u | n |
This encryption we just did was not very secure because used the same key over and over again. To make our encryption more secure we should use a unique key and not the one which is repetitive in nature. A good technique that could be used is One-time Pad. This makes the encryption much more secure to the brute force attack.
XOR encryption and decryption
The encryption and decryption using XOR has the same code. A python implementation for the same is below:
input_str = raw_input("Enter the cipher text or plain text: ") key = raw_input("Enter the key for encryption or decryption: ") no_of_itr = len(input_str) output_str = "" for i in range(no_of_itr): current = input_str[i] current_key = key[i%len(key)] output_str += chr(ord(current) ^ ord(current_key)) print "Here's the output: ", output_str
And here’s a sample run
The entire source code for this post can be found at https://github.com/abhishuk85/cryptography-plays
Any questions, comments or feedback are most welcome. | <urn:uuid:aed9b347-c576-4197-9f53-111aa51fdb09> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.abhishekshukla.com/python/adventures-in-cryptography-with-python-xor-cipher/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.750983 | 542 | 4.53125 | 5 |
Community-based organizations, hospitals, and health clinics throughout New York City will voluntarily test every adult resident between the ages of 18-64 living in the Bronx for HIV, The New York Times reports.
The decision, announced by The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, comes on the heels of a recent report which shows New York City residents have the highest rate of practicing unsafe sex, and one of the highest HIV rates in the United States.
The Bronx, the report shows, has been hit especially hard.
In 2005, an estimated 250,000 Bronx residents aged 18-64 had never been tested for HIV, and one in four people with HIV did not know they were infected. The report also shows that one out of every four people that found out they were HIV-positive also found out they had full-blown AIDS at the same time.
The department of health website reports the goal of the initiative is that every Bronx resident learns his or her HIV status and has access to quality care and prevention services.
“The Bronx has the opportunity to lead the city in the fight against HIV/AIDS by being the first borough to have all residents tested,” says Thomas R Frieden, MD, MPH, and commissioner of the city’s health department.
“This will set a model not only for the city but for the whole country,” he says.
Testing will take place over a three-year period and additionally will include all New York City health clinics, universities, and jails. The health department then wants the initiative to spread throughout the remaining boroughs of the city.
The campaign will push to make the voluntary testing routine in emergency rooms and storefront clinics, where complicated consent procedures required by state law have deterred doctors from offering the tests in the past, city officials say.
“Routine would mean if you came into the emergency room for asthma or a broken leg, we test everyone for HIV, if they’re willing,” Frieden says.
“What’s new here is that we are implementing it on this large a level,” says Dr. Donna Futterman, director of the adolescent AIDS program at Montefiore Medical Center in the Bronx.
“The Bronx has 1.3 million people. It’s bigger than most cities, bigger than Boston, bigger than Washington. We’re talking about a significant urban population,” explains Futterman, who helped develop the program for the city.
Dr. Monica Sweeney, an assistant health commissioner for HIV prevention, tells The New York Times the city has not set aside money specifically for the program, but will absorb the $12 cost of each test.
Thursday, June 26, 2008
By: Rick Pedraza | <urn:uuid:257137d4-09dd-49d8-9f78-213ddba64bf5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://infiniteunknown.net/2008/06/26/new-york-wants-all-bronx-adults-tested-for-hiv/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.963313 | 579 | 2.265625 | 2 |
As a 6 year-old, Mr Ban and his family had to flee their home; "life was miserable". Mr. Ban spoke earnestly about how some of his earliest memories were being provided with food and medicine by UNICEF, and books and education by UNESCO.
Safeworld Report - Ban Ki Moon at Central Hall Westminster
The UN at 70: Time to Invest in Our Global System
Friday 5th February 2016, Central Hall Westminster, London.
By Courtenay Forbes, Global Correspondent.
Seventy years after the conception of the United Nations in the wake of World War II and the devastation it left behind, I was fortunate enough to hear from the current UN Secretary General. We were in the very same building where the General Assembly had its inaugural meeting, and where the first ever Secretary General was elected, a generation ago.
The day was about looking back over the past 70 years of the UN and reflecting on how far the institution had come, but perhaps more importantly, looking at the UN’s role in tackling the major global crises we as an international community are currently facing, and how the UN’s role will look going forward.
The following is a report on what the speakers had to say about the UN at 70.
Natalie Samarasinghe, Executive Director, United Nations Agency UK
Natalie Samarasinghe, in her address, spoke about the need, now more than ever, for the international community to stand together in the face of the refugee crisis. “The world is too inter-connected to do anything else”, she said. For those who argue that there is no benefit to host countries taking in refugees, Natalie had this to say: that our reward for supporting those in need lies in living up to our values of common humanity.
This was an important reminder to those in the UK, but also to those all around the world affected by the current refugee crisis, as to why we cannot afford to ignore the situation any further.
Human Rights at the Forefront
Joyce Anelay is currently serving as Minister of State of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. During her tenure, she has taken particular interest in global issues such as sexual violence against women, for example in Somalia and Sudan.
In her speech, Baroness Anelay spoke of the importance of the UN’s role in accountability, coordination, and development. In relation to the UK, she spoke of the country’s continuing commitment to dedicating 0.7% GDP to overseas development assistance. In this respect, the UK maintains its position as being “at the forefront of global humanitarian protection”.
In order to uphold the vision of the UN and address current global issues, however, all member states need to work together. The Baroness spoke of the UN Secretary General’s “rights upfront initiative”, the programme to make sure that human rights are at the forefront of national and international agendas, and how crucial it is that this programme is deeply embedded. Human rights equality, she argued, are the key to economic growth as well as an “antidote to conflict”.
When speaking of conflict – in particular the ongoing bloodshed in Syria, Baroness Anelay took an unambiguous stance. She spoke of the need to “end bloodshed and establish a balanced political process”, “crush extremist, murderous groups” and then address the inevitable consequences: poverty, displacement, and forced migration. In this, the UN plays a unique role in harnessing the collective will of the member states.
Jeremy Greenstock, Chairman, United Nations Agency UK
Sir Jeremy opened his address with a powerful statement: “The UN emerged from the most destructive war in history. We are now returning to a time of global turbulence”.
In order to rectify this, he said, global citizens have a duty to use their increasing voice to mobilise global leaders around modern issues; such as climate change, poverty, and pandemics. The UN’s role as a bridge-builder in the face of issues such as sustainable development, according to Sir Jeremy, is indispensable.
Sir Jeremy then introduced the key note speaker, Secretary General Ban Ki Moon. A long-standing friend of Sir Jeremy, Mr. Ban is known in his role for being particularly passionate about human rights issues, and advocating in particular for LGBTQ rights and tackling violence against women.
Ban Ki Moon, UN Secretary General
“I must say, it is a moving experience to be standing at the same podium as the first ever Secretary General did, in the same building as our founding fathers”, was Mr. Ban's opening remark.
Mr. Ban then went on to talk about how the UK has always been a strong supporter of the United Nations, and how this has provided a source of strength and courage. Chatham House, the Royal Institute of International Affairs, is an independent policy institute, and helps to arrange events such as this one. Mr. Ban calls them "one of the world's leading think tanks".
The majority of the Secretary General's speech addressed the major global crises that the UN is currently tackling, such as Ebola, the refugee crises, and the current 100 million people across the globe living in abject poverty. Particularly at the forefront of the room's consciousness are what Mr. Ban called the “savagery” in Syria, and the crisis in Yemen setting the country “on fire”.
Bearing these global crises in mind, the UN estimates that there are 25 million in need of immediate humanitarian assistance. To put this into perspective, if all of these people comprised the population of one nation, it would be the 11th largest in the world.
This is not a figure Mr. Ban talks about lightly: he himself was a displaced child during the Korean war, reliant on the aid of the UN and its agencies. As a 6 year-old, he and his family had to flee their home; "life was miserable". Mr. Ban spoke earnestly about how some of his earliest memories were being provided with food and medicine by UNICEF, and books and education by UNESCO. In this way, the UN provides a "beacon of hope" for people in similar desperate situations.
In terms of “solving” the displacement crisis the world is facing in the wake of conflicts such as the one in Syria, the Secretary General thinks that the refugees flooding into Europe are a mere “symptom” of the political unrests from which they are fleeing, and not, as they have so often been portrayed in both British and international press "a cause of suspicion", which he called a "dangerous myth".
The role of the UN in these situations is in its diplomacy; in starting conversations between warring governments or factions, encouraging productive discussion and using these experiences to inform future preventative measures to stop the same happening again.
It is clear from Mr. Ban's speech that this is the work that he is proud of, but it is also made acutely apparent that this is by no means an easy or straightforward task, and there is no attempt made to deny that there is still an incredibly large gulf to cross before peace can be reached. This applies equally to Syria and Yemen as it does to the UN's peacekeeping missions in Somalia and Sudan.
During Ban Ki Moon's term as Secretary General, he has been particularly passionate about women's empowerment. Indeed, when he claimed that this was one of his “top priorities”, the entire room burst into applause.
Praise which has been well-earned: Mr Ban has appointed over 100 women to high level positions in the UN, and worked closely with Dame Margaret Anstee, who was the first woman to ever be made Under-Secretary after decades of service to the UN. Projects and initiatives such as “He For She” and “Every Woman, Every Child”, demonstrate Mr. Ban's clear passion for greater equality for women, both at the level of providing fundamental rights such as education and healthcare, to promoting women in high-level professional roles.
The international community and international law principles are often criticised in the media in the UK, sometimes suggesting that they hold our government hostage to unattainable standards. It was therefore a welcome and refreshing experience to see the enthusiasm in the room at Central Hall on this day, and the unadulterated excitement of the audience at hearing the Secretary General speak.
This was an uplifitng example of the continuing faith in the power of institutions such as the UN to be a force for good in the world, and the importance of their role in creating peace and ending poverty across the globe. As was so eloquently expressed by all of the speakers, the UN is fundamental in unifying the voice of global citizens from all reaches of the earth to call on world leaders to act in accordance with international law and the will of the international community.
Its organisations and agencies support millions of those in need, affected by war, poverty and disease, every year – a mission that is still as needed today as it was 70 years ago. | <urn:uuid:9842147b-87d6-4d77-bbd2-4cb072f833c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://asafeworldforwomen.org/global-news/general/4984-un-70-years-on.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.9733 | 1,912 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Group B streptococcus (GBS) strains isolated from infected infants are more likely to produce high levels of extracellular hyaluronidase. We hypothesized that administration of exogenous enzyme would promote GBS invasion in newborn rats. GBS strain 1733 which fails to produce the enzyme was grown to early log-phase in COM, washed, and resuspended to 1 × 109 cfu/ml in 0.87% saline. Following tracheal exposure, newborn rats were intratracheally injected with 0.5 μl/g of body weight of GBS mixed with 0.5 μl/e of either saline or hyaluronidase solution (42 units/μl). After 2 or 6 h, animals were sacrificed for quantitative bacterial cultures of whole spleen and left kidney. All neonates bad positive cultures. The GBS colonies of spleen and kidney at 6 h were significantly higher than those at 2 h in both groups and the enzyme group had a higher number of GBS than the nonenzyme group at 6 h. The results show that GBS is readily disseminated from the lungs and multiplies rapidly in organs of the neonates following intratracheal inoculation and suggest that hyaluronidase contributes to GBS invasion. | <urn:uuid:5a531501-a262-4b6f-a52b-59db7820625f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scholars.uab.edu/display/pub1143360 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.952167 | 263 | 1.960938 | 2 |
The RTA was created by Public Act No. 387 of 2012. Its 10-member board is appointed for three year terms by the county executives of Wayne, Oakland and Macomb counties, the chair of the Washtenaw County Board of Commissioners, the Mayor of Detroit, and the Governor of Michigan. The Governor’s appointee serves as chair and without a vote. Learn more about the RTA Board of Directors.
Our mission is to manage and secure transportation resources that significantly enhance mobility options, to improve quality of life for the residents and to increase economic viability for the region.
We envision a region with sufficient and stable funding to support improved public transit options that will advance equity by increasing accessibility; satisfy the integrated mobility needs of Southeast Michigan communities; and promote livable, healthy, and sustainable growth.
The Board of Directors is the 10-member body that makes final decisions about the RTA’s operations. Most actions that the RTA takes require a board vote, sometimes resulting in an official resolution. The Board also represents each of the RTA’s five Member Jurisdictions.
Eight board members, appointed by County Executives or County Commission chairs, represent the four RTA counties: Macomb, Oakland, Washtenaw, and Wayne. Each county appoints two board members.The Mayor of Detroit appoints one board member. The Governor of Michigan appoints a non-voting board chair. Board members serve for three-year terms.
The RTA consists of a Board of Directors and a number of committees dealing with day-to-day aspects of the RTA’s operations. Each of these committees are identified in the RTA’s enabling law, PA 387 of 2012. Board members sit on these committees and review proposed actions and staff recommendations prior to Board discussion and approval.
In addition to these committees, the RTA facilitates two independent advisory groups, the Providers Advisory Committee and the Citizens Advisory Committee.
The RTA is not currently hiring. Please check back if you have interest in future opportunities with the RTA.
Below are the pieces of Michigan legislation that created and enabled the Regional Transit Authority. | <urn:uuid:41b788f3-6494-464f-9e38-a3d612a33d86> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rtamichigan.org/about/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.95079 | 446 | 1.695313 | 2 |
The Internet offers everything from searching to shopping to social networking, but Net users still spend most of their time on plain old content sites, according to a survey from the Online Publishers Association.
In the latest installment from its monthly Internet Activity Index, the OPA reported that Internet users are now spending 42 percent of their time online using content sites, more than any other category. That figure represents a 24 percent jump from 2003 when Net users spent 34 percent of their time on content sites.
Content sites include those that offer news, information, and entertainment, such as NYTimes.com, ESPN.com, MapQuest.com, and Edmunds.com.
Analyzing five different categories--commerce, communications, community, content, and search--the OPA also found that people are gravitating to community sites, such as Facebook and LinkedIn, at the expense of communication sites or software that provide just e-mail or instant messaging.
"In 2008, we introduced the Community category based on the emergence and popularity of sites like Facebook, MySpace and LinkedIn," Pam Horan, president of the OPA, said in a statement. "These new sites have had significant impact on the Communications category, which saw a 41 percent decline, due to the fact consumers are using Community sites where they can conduct these same activities more efficiently."
Among the other categories, people spend 5 percent of their time on search sites, up slightly from 3 percent in 2003, and 13 percent of their time at commerce sites, down from 16 percent five years ago.
The OPA also tracked how much time per month, on average, that people spend in a particular category. Net users will stay almost 7 hours at a content site, around 3 hours at a community site, and just under an hour at a search site.
Launched in 2003, the Internet Activity Index is conducted and compiled by Nielsen Online and posted online each month at the OPA Web site. | <urn:uuid:913e7b28-c53a-43f9-a194-9547980dc950> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/content-still-king-on-the-net/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.936491 | 394 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Harkamal Walia (ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9712-5824)
Date of this Version
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.25.497601
this version posted June 29, 2022.
Our understanding of the physiological response of rice inflorescence (panicle) to environmental stresses is limited by the challenge of accurately determining panicle photosynthetic parameters and their impact on grain yield. This is primarily due to lack of a suitable gas exchange methodology for panicles, as well as non-destructive methods to accurately determine panicle surface area. To address these challenges, we have developed a custom panicle gas exchange cylinder compatible with the LiCor 6800 Infra-red Gas Analyzer. Accurate surface area measurements were determined with a 3D panicle imaging platform to normalize the panicle-level photosynthetic measurements. We observed differential responses in both panicle and flag leaf for two temperate Japonica rice genotypes (accessions, TEJ-1 and TEJ-2) exposed to heat stress during early grain filling. There was a notable divergence in relative photosynthetic contribution of flag leaf and panicles for the genotype tolerant to heat stress (TEJ-2) compared to the less tolerant accession. The novelty of this approach is that it is non-destructive and more accurately determines panicle area and photosynthetic parameters, enabling researchers to monitor temporal changes in panicle physiology during the reproductive development. The method is useful for panicle-level measurements under diverse environmental stresses, and for evaluating genotypic variation for panicle physiology and architecture in other cereals with compact inflorescences. | <urn:uuid:18d47526-0290-4fd2-a403-46016f025ead> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/agronomyfacpub/1525/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.899311 | 372 | 2.46875 | 2 |
We regularly come across consumers who want to join the commercial electric charging station bandwagon, but aren’t sure how. Often, these people would be the owner of a commercial complex or on the board of a residential condo. Many times they represent a municipality or are involved in a smart cities mission. The concerns these users share with us usually follow a theme. So, we thought we would use this post to address the most pressing concerns of anyone contemplating to become a part of the EV revolution.
Why should I buy a commercial EV charging station?
With an increase in the sales of electric vehicles, there is a growing need for commercial charging stations. These drivers need an infrastructure that lets them charge at their convenience. Providing your customers, employees and residents a commercial charger is an attractive amenity that will promote loyalty and satisfaction with users. And with a Level 2 electric vehicle charging station like EV Meter, you can let two EV drivers quickly charge their vehicles at the same time
Can vehicles be charged when it’s raining or snowing?
Yes, electric vehicle charging stations that come with IP55 certification are extremely weather resistant, waterproof and operable in both hot and cold conditions. EV Meter, in fact, can be installed both outdoors and indoors with either pedestal or wall-mounted styles.
How do users pay for charging their EVs?
Different EV charging station manufacturers have different provisions for EV charging payments. Many manufacturers lock drivers in with cumbersome subscription plans. Others, like EV Meter, are powered by Nayax’s VPOS Touch cashless solution which accepts multiple cashless options including swipe, contact and contactless credit cards, QR codes and mobile wallets. The latter, of course, provides EV drivers maximum convenience when it comes time to pay. EV Meter also supports prepaid cards for closed-loop environments like workplaces or residential complexes.
What’s the importance of telemetry for an EV charging stations?
Telemetry capabilities provide operators with 24×7 remote access to their EV charging stations. Operators can track usage and gain access to comprehensive monthly reports and bills and other precise data. Additionally, with smart data, real-time adverse event alerts can also be received. In EV Meter, this capability is powered by Nayax’s VPOS Touch.
Are there any additional earning opportunities that come with EV charging stations?
Not all EV charging stations provide additional revenue sources, but state-of-the-art charging stations like EV Meter come with digital displays to showcase custom advertisements. In EV Meter, an 8-inch intuitive touchscreen can be set up remotely to play videos and graphics at specific dates and times.
Now, our FAQ page addresses even more queries we receive from potential buyers; hop over there and have a look. Have even more questions? We would love to chat! Contact us here. | <urn:uuid:b8ff172c-d1ce-4916-b1da-0ec94294eb62> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.evmeter.com/resources/blog/5-questions-about-electric-charging-stations-answered/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.945037 | 574 | 1.539063 | 2 |
National Erasmus+ Office
The overall objective of the National Erasmus+ Office (NEO) in Israel is to improve the relevance, effectiveness and impact of the Erasmus+ programme in the country.
The following can be listed among the NEO team activities:
1. Information and Promotion Activities
The National Erasmus+ Office (NEO) provides information on Erasmus+ and promotes the programme throughout Israel. In an effort to increase awareness about Erasmus+ and opportunities for Israeli stakeholders, the NEO conducts meetings and presents in various forums about the details of the programme and the way in which Israel can get involved. Annually, the NEO organizes a National Information Day with details on the most recent calls for proposals.
2. Assistance to Potential Applicants and Beneficiaries
The NEO advises, informs and assists potential applicants with the preparations for the submission of proposals. In addition, it organizes workshops for potential applicants and assists in the search for national or international partners.
3. Support Ongoing Projects & Field Monitoring
The success and impact of Erasmus+ projects in Israel are extremely important to the NEO! NEO staff support ongoing projects and conduct field monitoring visits to ensure and evaluate the progress of projects during their eligibility period.
4. Contact with Key-Stakeholders
The NEO is eager to advance collaboration with parties that hold an interest in the programme. NEO staff maintain open channels of communication with various stakeholders in Israel and internationally to bolster the impact of the programme in Israel (e.g. government ministries, foreign diplomatic missions in Israel, student unions).
5. Management of the Higher Education Reform Experts (HEREs) Team
The NEO Israel supports the Israeli forum of Higher Education Reform Experts (HERE). The forum’s main objective is to provide a pool of expertise in order to promote reforms and enhance progress in Higher Education in Israel. HEREs stay updated about EU developments in higher education by attending international seminars, exchanging best practices and participating in seminars and meetings organized by the NEO.
For further details, please contact the National Erasmus+ Office team:
Ms. Einav Livneh | <urn:uuid:8b6392e9-5488-46a9-be88-d84ad25ad7c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.erasmusplus.org.il/national-erasmus--office | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.897146 | 463 | 1.5625 | 2 |
One of the factors you consider when picking a place to travel is how simple or challenging it is to get a visa. Since there are so few nations that don’t require visas for citizens of Nigeria, this issue has a significant impact on where you can travel without having to line up for days at the embassy.
Visa on arrival means that visitors must obtain a visa in order to enter their country of destination, but they can do it when they arrive. No prior visa application is required for visitors. If a country requires a visa, it indicates that visitors must apply for one before actually visiting.
You can discover all the details on Nigeria Passport Visa-on Arrival Travel 2022, including the countries that accept a Nigerian passport and require an e-visa, below. Before entering the nation, you can apply for an electronic visa ( known as an “e-visa”).
Below are the countries that give visas on arrival.
Below are the countries that allow e-visas before entry.
|Zimbabwe||Moldova||St. Helena||South Sudan|
|Zambia||Singapore||Sao Tome and Principe.||Antigua and Barbuda|
|The United Arab||Djibouti||Colombia||Bahrain|
Other countries that don’t allow visas on arrival or e-visas would require you to have a pre-arranged visa before you are allowed access into their country, otherwise, you would be declared an illegal immigrant. Nigerian passport holders must apply for a visa in advance of travel to 158 countries and territories through their embassies and consulates. When Nigerian nationals fulfill other requirements, such as having other visas or residency permits, the visa requirement may occasionally be waived.
No country or territory turns away bearers of Nigerian passports, despite the fact that only a small number of them provide Nigerians with visa-free admission. | <urn:uuid:9d9595b4-2857-4250-89d9-5506846ac066> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://naijabiography.com/editorial/2022-countries-with-visa-on-arrival-for-nigerians/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.834323 | 549 | 1.859375 | 2 |
WAP Art Space Seoul Building, Contemporary Korean Architecture Images
WAP Art Space Seoul Building
New Building Development in South Korea design by Davide Macullo Architects
21 June 2020
WAP Art Space Seoul Building by Davide Macullo
Architects: Davide Macullo Architects
Location: Seoul, Korea
WAP Art Space, Seoul, South Korea
Mixed use building; private residence, contemporary art gallery
This work results from a close collaboration between the architect and an enlightened client capable of assimilating and encouraging architectural choices motivated by reasons that generate forms. An extraordinary passion has bound us throughout the years of the project, reaching a synthesis expressed by the completed work.
Photos: Yousub Song – Studio Worlderful, Seoul, South Korea
Architecture connects with the identity of a place and projects it into the future. This new building is the synthesis of the values of Korean culture, a culture that considers carefully its gestures, both physical and social and reveals in them expressions of civility, establishing a balance for man in his natural context.
Building today in the metropolitan city of Seoul gives us the opportunity to restore the built volumes to a human scale, giving it an expression that binds it to the necessities of contemporary living.
The three dimensional composition of the work represents a spatial arrangement of the habitable volumes organized on an orthogonal cubic grid that defines a larger space than that actually built. The building is cast about the empty space and this determines the rhythmic relationships with the context, highlighting the importance of the human scale within the urban fabric.
The project stems from the modeling of an approximate cubic grid, two meters on each side, which connects the spaces to the physicality of the inhabitants. The cubic space of two meters on each side is comfortable, it is a space of man’s games of movement that rotates on his center of gravity.
The multiple generated by the grid is the basic element of the relationship between the inhabitant and the urban fabric: 2 meters=man, 20 meters=city. The composition of cubic volumes expressed in multiples, 6-8-10 meters on each side, reveals the living space and defines the new scale of the relationship with the surrounding urban space.
The new building offers, in the current use of its spaces, a mixed use of residential spaces (private) and exhibition spaces (public). The transition between the urban-public-private-intimate space is resolved in a spiral motion that starts from the road, climbing vertically towards the more intimate spaces of the house.
The new residence-gallery presents itself as a contemporary urban castle where living spaces are supported by production space. If in the past the location of animals on the lower floors of a home nourished and warmed, in a physical way, the upper floors; in our case the art nourishes and warms the inhabitants in terms of intellectual comfort, effecting the general welfare of the inhabitants.
The microcosm generated by WAP Art Space establishes its own order of relations with the neighbouring environment, by acting on the perception of the boundary between the public and private space.
The building is an organisation that offers a sequence of spaces (cubes) alternating between closed and open, full and empty, compressed and decompressed. This rhythm follows a sort of perceptual map translated into distinct moments of usability but connected together. The sequence of the spaces takes place through the perceptual expansion of each space towards the adjacent or more distant.
The cube as a primary element, chosen for its evocative power, a symbolic and balanced element, escapes the rules of design as it is already defined a priori.
The architect’s work is not in designing the project in the classic sense, but rather in managing the spatial organisation of the elements (cubes) through the hypothesised use of time spent in traveling between and staying in the spaces.
WAP Art Space Seoul – Building Information
Project: WAP Art Space
Location: Seoul, South Korea
Function: Art Gallery and private house
Project start date: August 2013
Construction start date: March 2015
Completion date: June 2017
Site area: 815 m²
Building area: 600 m²
Total floor area: 3’150 m²
Basement floor area: 650 m²
Above ground floor area: 2’000 m²
Volume: 16’369 m³
Storeys: 2 level basement, 7 levels above ground
Main structure: reinforced concrete
Facade: Petersen Tegl Kolumba Briks
Finish, interior Art Gallery:
Finish, interior private house:
Client: Private client
Architect: Davide Macullo Architects – Lugano TI
Principal: Davide Macullo
Project architect: Lorenza Tallarini
Design collaborators: Michele Alberio, Tatiana Speranca
Landscape architect: Davide Macullo Architects, Lugano, CH
Interior design: Davide Macullo Architects, Lugano , CH
Partner Architects: Park Yeongseok – Suh Architects inc., Seoul, South Korea
Jean Son – ISON Architects, Seoul, South Korea
Construction/Site Management: Dasan Construction & Engineering Co., Ltd.
Construction company: Dasan Construction & Engineering Co., Ltd.
Waterproofing: Insung Construction.Co., Ltd.
Window construction: Eagon Windows & Doors Co., Ltd.
Heating, plumbing: Songhyun Engineering Co., Ltd.
Electrician: Namyeong Engineering. Co., Ltd.
Insulation: LG HAUSYS Ltd.
Plasterer, painter: Kukbo Design.Co., Ltd
Metal construction: Kukbo Design.Co., Ltd
Carpenter: Kukbo Design.Co., Ltd
Floor tiles construction: Kukbo Design.Co., Ltd
Sanitaryware: Hoesch, Toto Kiki Korea Ltd. (Vendor Duomo&Co)
Photographer: Yousub Song – Studio Worlderful, Seoul, South Korea
WAP Art Space Seoul Building images / information received July 2018
Location: Seoul, South Korea, East Asia
South Korea Architecture Designs
Contemporary South Korean Architectural Selection
South Korean Architectural Designs – chronological list
LG Science Park, Seoul
Architects: HOK with Gansam Architects
photo © GS Construction
LG Science Park Seoul
Dream of Chungmuro Cinematheque
Design: Mass Studies
image from architects
Dream of Chungmuro Cinematheque in Seoul
Cloud Garden of General Yisabu, General of the Silla
Design: CAA Architects
image from architects
Cloud Garden of General Yisabu, Gangwon-do
Canada Olympic House, east coast of South Korea
Design: Sid Lee Architecture
photo : Canadian Olympic Committee & Sid Lee Architecture
Canada Olympic House in South Korea
Comments / photos for the WAP Art Space Seoul Building page welcome
Website: WAP Art Space Seoul | <urn:uuid:327a3a17-4cc8-44f3-bfc4-7b1c261e7570> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.e-architect.com/korea/wap-art-space-seoul-building | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.872766 | 1,497 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Singletary: Grandfamilies deserve our attention
WASHINGTON — Pardon the interruption.
But may I have your attention for a moment about some serious legislative business that impacts family finances? It hasn't gotten much attention amid the chaos involving the Russia investigation, the White House and the now-fired FBI director.
Across the country, there are households headed by grandparents or other relatives taking care of 7.8 million children whose parents may be absent for any number of reasons. These caregivers need our help because, on a real economic level, they save all of us hundreds of thousands of dollars.
The majority of these caregivers are women. And as we pause to celebrate Mother's Day, we should keep in mind the struggles that many of them face.
Before Congress now is the Family First Prevention Services Act, a bipartisan bill introduced by Rep. Vern Buchanan, R-Fla., and co-sponsored by Rep. Sander Levin, D-Mich., and six other members of Congress. If enacted — and it should be — the legislation would allow states to use federal foster-care funds to pay for up to 12 months of family services, including mental health care, family therapy and parenting-skills training. This broad range of supports could make the difference between children being placed in foster care and getting to stay with their grandparents or other family members.
Sens. Susan Collins, R-Maine, and Bob Casey, D-Pa., have introduced the Supporting Grandparents Raising Grandchildren Act, which would create a federal task force to coordinate a one-stop-shop of resources needed by seniors. Figuring out where to go for help is often an issue for grandparents suddenly thrust into caring for their grandchildren.
"While grandparents have long stepped in to care for children, the current opioid crisis is straining the child welfare system and increasingly calling on relatives to raise children whose parents cannot," said Donna Butts, executive director of Generations United. "They do this with little or no warning or support. Grandparents and other relatives who raise children save our country more than $4.5 billion a year and help the children thrive."
Last week, I had the pleasure to serve as the emcee for a rally to support grandparents and relatives who provide a home for children who need care.
"For every child in foster care, nearly 20 children are being raised by relatives outside the child welfare system and are receiving little to no support," Butts said.
Mother's Day is a tough time for me. Every year it reminds me that my own mother wasn't there. I went to live with my grandmother when I was 4. It has taken me most of my adult life to reconcile being abandoned. But amid that pain was the safety of my grandmother Big Mama.
During the "GrandRally," a choir from the Pittsburgh-based A Second Chance Inc., which includes grandparents raising grandchildren, sang "Grandma Hands," a soulful song made iconic by Bill Withers. The first part of the song goes:
Clapped in church on Sunday morning.
Played a tambourine so well.
Used to issue out a warning.
She'd say, "Billy don't you run so fast.
Might fall on a piece of glass.
Might be snakes there in that grass."
My grandmother's hands saved me.
Big Mama wouldn't let my siblings and me — there were five of us — be placed in foster care, a system that could have entailed multiple moves or a group home. We surely would have been split up. My grandmother didn't ask for much from the state; and what she did ask for she needed.
Every Mother's Day, I think of Big Mama and I'm grateful for the priceless care she gave me. She managed with so little, like so many others who choose to do what she did.
We can't stay so distracted with the high-profile political fights and controversies that we don't push Congress to focus on the legislation that would assist caregivers like my grandmother.
The advocacy groups that sponsored the GrandRally — including Casey Family Programs, the Children's Defense Fund, AARP, FosterClub, GrandFamilies of America, the National Kinship Alliance for Children and Generations United — and others like them need our support. They need your advocacy.
"While Washington is a mess, putting families first is an issue that can unite across the aisle," Butts said. "The challenge is elevating and making grandfamilies a priority."
Last week, I met so many grandmothers who reminded me of Big Mama, who passed away in 1995. They hugged me for her.
There are a lot of caregivers who can't get what they need to care for the children under their protection. Long past Mother's Day, let's keep the focus on them. They need and deserve our helping hand.
Readers can write to Michelle Singletary c/o The Washington Post, 1150 15th St., N.W., Washington, DC 20071. Her email address is email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:5a573e54-6d78-401a-aad6-81eb075076ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.southbendtribune.com/story/business/2017/05/14/singletary-grandfamilies-deserve-our-attentio/46347105/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.964876 | 1,063 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Revision of the concept of the Tver glacial lake in the Upper Volga Lowland in MIS 2
Keywords:proglacial lakes, palaeohydrolgy, palaeochannels, 14C dating, stone age archaeology
AbstractHypothesis was tested of the Tver glacial lake occupying the whole Upper Volga Lowland in MIS 2, including the Dubna River basin. Geological composition of the hypothetical lake bottom was studied in a profile drilled across the Dubna River floodplain. Facial interpretation and 14C (AMS) dating revealed that lacustrine sediments were deposited not later than in MIS 3, and since at least 30 ka BP the basin was already drained by River Dubna.
This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. | <urn:uuid:25508303-5640-4a45-a1d6-ff592bed9f27> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://limnolfwbiol.com/index.php/LFWB/article/view/445 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.914465 | 205 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Wal-Mart To Close 269 Stores, Including 154 In U.S.
Wal-Mart will shut down 269 stores to focus on other aspects of the business, including online sales, the company announced Friday. Among the shuttered stores will be 154 in the U.S.
Wal-Mart, however, is not shrinking. In the same announcement, the company said it is planning to open 300 more stores globally next year. Because of this, NPR's Chris Arnold described Wal-Mart's move as more of a "repositioning" rather than scaling back. He said the company will also be more heavily focused on its e-commerce business, as online marketplaces like Amazon continue to flourish.
Of the 154 U.S. Wal-Mart locations being closed, 102 of them are Wal-Mart Express stores, the company's smallest-format stores that had been in the pilot stage since 2011. The Wal-Mart Express stores are almost exclusively located in Southern states, as shown on this map by Quartz.
Instead, Wal-Mart said in a statement, it will focus on "strengthening Supercenters, optimizing Neighborhood Markets, growing the e-commerce business and expanding Pickup services for customers."
The move to close the stores will eliminate about 16,000 jobs — 10,000 of them in the U.S. The company acknowledged the difficulty in closing stores, saying it will take steps to help employees.
"More than 95 percent of the closed stores in the U.S. are within 10 miles on average of another Walmart, and the hope is that these associates will be placed in nearby locations," Wal-Mart President and CEO Doug McMillon said in the statement.
"Domestically, Walmart intends to open 50 to 60 Supercenters and 85 to 95 Neighborhood Markets in Fiscal 2017, which begins Feb. 1," the statement said.
Wal-Mart, which boasts nearly 11,600 stores around the world, said the stores on the chopping block "represent less than 1 percent of both global square footage and revenue."
The full list of stores to be closed can be found at the end of the company statement.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org. | <urn:uuid:84955eab-a774-41c0-a742-ce27b4e2c65d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.upr.org/2016-01-15/wal-mart-to-close-269-stores-including-154-in-u-s | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.961241 | 457 | 1.648438 | 2 |
This paper performs a financial statement analysis that combines a large set of financial statement items into one summary measure which indicates the direction of one-year-ahead earnings changes. Positions are taken in stocks on the basis of this measure during the period 1973–1983, which involve canceling long and short positions with zero net investment. The two-year holding-period return to the long and short positions is in the order of 12.5%. After adjustment for "size effects" the return is about 7.0%. These returns cannot be explained by nominated firm risk characteristics.
Ou, Jane, and Stephen Penman. "Financial Statement Analysis and the Prediction of Stock Returns." Journal of Accounting and Economics 11, no. 4 (November 1989): 295-329.
Each author name for a Columbia Business School faculty member is linked to a faculty research page, which lists additional publications by that faculty member.
Each topic is linked to an index of publications on that topic. | <urn:uuid:1d72ef61-e1af-4617-b012-be2c95ae1aeb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/researcharchive/articles/3757 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.932152 | 201 | 1.703125 | 2 |
It’s one of those parenting clichés that tends to ring true, especially during cold and flu season: “Moms don’t get sick days.”
I remember the first time I got very ill after my first child was born. All I wanted to do was crawl into bed, turn off my phone, and sleep for the entire day. But then, the realization dawned on me that I was still going to need to nurse my baby every two hours, then burp him, change him, and do it all over again throughout the day — no matter how bad I was feeling. After all, most moms (whether our kids are still babies or not) don’t have someone we can call to fill in for us so we can stay in bed and rest. But what about the mom who is sick every day?
Last year I was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an auto-immune disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues and joints. Along with daily pain and debilitating fatigue, it also causes me to run fevers and constantly feel as though I am coming down with the flu. To add insult to injury, the medications most often used to treat RA are immunosuppressants, and come with a daunting list of warnings and possible side effects.
Facing a chronic disease has opened my eyes to the mothers everywhere who are living with an “invisible illness” every day. The difference is, when I would get sick prior to my diagnosis, as difficult as it was — it was only temporary. But when you live with a chronic illness, you almost never feel “well” or “healed.” Some days are better than others, but you never know how you are going to feel at any given time.
And we moms, especially, are good at hiding it. Most of the time, you won’t be able to tell if a mom is suffering from a chronic illness. We get good at putting up a tough front, but we do struggle. You may see us at the park, where we may be sitting on the sidelines rather than playing alongside our children. Sometimes we cancel plans last minute, or come up short in one way or another. But we are doing our best.
We are learning when to push through, and when to show vulnerability. Our kids are learning to have empathy for others, and how to become more independent when Mom can’t be relied on to do everything that she was doing before she was diagnosed. It can feel soul-crushing to see yourself through your children’s eyes when you witness them noticing your deficits, but then they say or do something thoughtful and caring, and you realize that this may actually be helping them to become wonderful humans.
I have three sons, and the other day, my youngest turned five. It had been a very stressful week leading up to the big birthday, and I could feel that I was pushing my body too hard to get everything done on time. Accepting that my body does not work the same way as it once did has been difficult for me, so I just kept pushing through, determined not to let it slow me down.
Then, eventually, I felt like I had been hit by a truck. Multiple joints in my body began to throb and ache, and I got to a place where I couldn’t walk and even vomited a few times from the pain. This is an RA flare, and it’s brutal. Fortunately, my husband was able to step in for me, but my thoughts immediately went to single mothers living with pain and chronic illness — what do they do in these circumstances?
My sons are sensitive towards me, which always warms my heart while also making me a little sad because they don’t like to see me in pain. I try to keep a lot of it from them, but I am also honest about what is going on with me.
“Mom, I wish there was a hot tub for you to get in tomorrow when we go swimming,” my middle child told me the night of my flare. We had planned to visit the local aquatic center the following day as part of the birthday celebration. It was just one of the many, many, times my boys have surprised me with their thoughtfulness and empathy. I guess that’s the one thing I am grateful for in all this: that my boys will grow into men who understand that the challenges people face are not always visible from the surface — and that how we treat each other matters. We are all facing battles whether they be physical, mental, financial, etc. What’s important is that we keep going and doing what we can to help each other.
Moms may not get sick days, but we are all trying to find balance — whether we have a chronic illness, or face any number of other unique challenges. What we really need is a little grace for ourselves, and from others. Accepting our limitations is not a weakness, but rather an opportunity to teach our children more about what really matters.
Source: Read Full Article | <urn:uuid:19bf87c5-64b8-424c-9904-356f0544c01e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bestallergymedicinehq.org/top/lipitor-problem/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.977996 | 1,063 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Cristina Page, How the Pro-Choice Movement Saved America: Freedom, Politics and the War on Sex (Basic Books, 2006)
At first glance, Cristina Page’s How the Pro-Choice Movement Saved America seems to belong in the fantasy aisle. Between the war in Iraq, Samuel Alito, global warming, and federal funding of anti-abortion crisis pregnancy centers substituting school-based sex education, America seems far from salvation.
Page knows this. On the other hand, she also knows that contraception and abortion have been a boon to public health and have given both individuals and families access to opportunities and choices unimaginable 40 years ago. Indeed, access to fertility control has made it easier for women to work outside the home and be full participants in their communities.
In fact, since the early 1970s, women have been able to be sexually active without fear of becoming or having to remain pregnant, and few feminist gains would have been possible without reproductive control.. Women now more often marry for love rather than because they are “in trouble.” With less pressure to rush to the altar, they’ve been able to pursue higher education for intellectual reasons rather than an MRS degree, and have had the freedom to enter the workplace, rather than the kitchen, after college.
A full 65 percent of us, according to a July 2005 Gallup poll, celebrate these changes. Why then, are abortion and contraception still controversial issues? Why do some people still bristle at the idea of comprehensive sex ed? Doesn’t everyone want to reduce the number of unwanted pregnancies?
When Page began her research, she was convinced that common ground between anti- and pro-choice forces was possible. Years later, she knows that it’s not. Pro-lifers have galvanized their forces by portraying pro-choice people as over-the-top sex radicals whose libertine impulses run counter to decency. What’s more, Page documents a frightening pattern. No longer content to focus on the alleged horrors of abortion, pro-life conservatives have widened their repertoire to rail against birth control, and have basically abandoned women once they’ve given birth. “Concurrently,” she writes, “they assert that child care is bad, an assumption that carries with it the implication that women who rely on childcare are bad. These accusations come with no accompanying solution—except that women should stay at home, caring for their young.”
Forget, for now, the blatant class bias that assumes this to be viable. Instead, look at the data. Page meticulously chronicles study after study, all affirming that most working mothers are not only happier than their stay-at-home counterparts, but are also ably juggling childcare, hearth and workplace. In addition, while men are rarely equal participants on the home front, increasing numbers are cooking, diapering, and cleaning. Yes, thousands of men are spending more time with their kids than their dads spent with them. To most minds, this is an important move in the right direction.
Page believes that the lion’s share of Americans expect to control their fertility and think of contraception and abortion as their birthright. Like most progressives, she sees the Right’s “moral values” as smokescreens for religious fundamentalism, having more to do with reinstituting ossified gender roles than with supporting families. Years of scrutinizing anti-choice groups have led Page to another realization: Not one pro-life group supports contraception. To reduce the number of abortions, why not support family planning both domestically and internationally? Why don’t pro-life groups work to get contraceptives into the hands and bodies of those clamoring for them, especially in places where abortion is illegal? And why not empower young people with knowledge of how the human body works so they can make safer decisions and avoid STDs, pregnancy and feelings of inadequacy?
While Page’s assessment of the misogyny underlying anti-choice activism is not new—actually, there is little in the book that will shock those who have followed reproductive rights battles—she has synthesized a ton of material and has written cogently, forcefully and clearly. Accessible and straightforward, the book proves that even if the pro-choice movement has yet to save America, losing reproductive rights imperils us all.
ContributorEleanor J. Bader | <urn:uuid:b7f8f595-b7b3-4850-ae71-66c4b5a5bee9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://th.brooklynrail.org/2006/03/books/politics-pro-choice-or-no-choice | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.962104 | 905 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Ancient Greek city-states borrowed money. In the 4th century bce, at least 13 of them bilked their lenders: the world’s 1st recorded sovereign debt default. Not much has changed since.
Worldwide, governments cannot balance their books. Even in good times, states typically spend more than they take in. This stems not only from wasteful spending, but also from refusal by states to effectively tax corporations and the rich their fair share.
Since 1946, Britain managed to attain a tiny government surplus in only 4 years (1998–2001). No French government since 1974 has balanced its budget. Japan’s national debt has done nothing but soar since 1992, after its artificially inflated growth machine crashed.
While the US federal government tallied surpluses in the 1920s, late 1940s, 1950s, and for a few years in the late 1990s, the republic’s total annual governmental debt never went into surplus, as state budgets ran in the red. When the federal government did not dole out to the states, state governments had to shell out.
Germany and Canada have been the only large nations to have government surpluses since 2001. Germany’s surpluses were from prudence; Canada’s from a resource exploitation boom.
Low corporate taxes owe in part to competition between states to draw or keep multinational corporations in their territory. By this leverage, behemoth corporations extract preferential tax treatment.
Based upon modeling that ignores actuality, the conventional economic view of sovereign debt is that it saps the private sector of financial resources. This simply is not so, as the wealthy around the world have huge hoards of money that could be productively invested but is instead tucked away to avoid taxation. Much of it goes into the relatively safe haven of government bonds, which prop up sovereign debt.
Since the 2008 Great Recession, central banks have been practicing “financial repression”: holding down bond yields by buying sovereign debt, and thus wiping it away. The US has been an especially enthusiastic participant to the equivalent of printing money. Normally, such profligacy deflates a currency and sends domestic inflation skyward; but, with low inflation, and the dollar as the world’s reserve currency, the US government has been able to indulge itself at no cost. The root reason is that tremendous private capital is invested in dollars, and so speculation against the benchmark currency would be self-destructive if not futile. | <urn:uuid:ccb8c782-3e4a-457e-8928-d8db080d0153> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ishinobu.com/7s118/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.963928 | 508 | 3.234375 | 3 |
To facilitate construction of additional terminals at Gwadar Port by its Operator and to protect from the effect of waves/tides/current & siltation as to provide safe berthing for designed DWT vessels. For construction of additional berthing facilities by COPHCL through its own investment, availability of breakwaters is required for moderating sea behavior. Under the Concession Agreement, breakwaters are required to be constructed by GPA / Govt. of Pakistan
Total Length: 18.981 km Off Shore section: 4.3 km. The proposed expressway will connect the newly built Gwadar Port and its Free Zone with Makran Coastal highway.It will be a limited access high speed road meant for the use of heavy traffic fulfilling the cargo needs of the port.
The Pak-China Technical & Vocational Institute of Gwadar Port will aim for creating state-of-the-art technical & vocational training institute in the port city of Gwadar, this technical institute to shape and enhance technical skills of youth of Gwadar and its adjoining areas, to make them capable to handle port and Gwadar Free Zone related industries. | <urn:uuid:1793320a-be13-436d-b60c-db663ed00450> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://moma.gov.pk/Detail/OTE0MzFlNzQtOGY4NC00ZDQzLTk1NmYtNTNlOTg1NDQyNDEw | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.933327 | 236 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Substance abuse has become a growing problem for our nation’s LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender) community. People in this group are twice as likely to use and become addicted to drugs as heterosexual people, as well as binge drink and smoke cigarettes.
This group of people faces a unique set of challenges outside of the normal everyday problems that other people face. Unfortunately, they are often the subject of harassment, judgement, and social discrimination. This can cause added stress and mental issues, leading many individuals to use drugs and alcohol to self-medicate or escape.
If you are concerned about your substance use or that of a loved one, there are signs that you can watch for to determine if it is time to seek help.
There are many programs and resources available to this community to help with the unique struggles that they face. The first step is always admitting there is a problem and then seeking help for it. Today, there are many options for substance use help for LGBT people around the country.
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) estimates that people who identify as LGBT are 2-3 times more likely to suffer from drug or alcohol addiction than people who are heterosexual. Approximately 20-30% of the members of this group suffer from this issue, compared to only 9% of the general population.
Substance use among LGBTQ people
The lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community has consistently grown in the United States over recent decades. Current estimates show that approximately 4.5% of the American population (11 million people) identifies with this group. This figure has consistently risen in the United States as it has become more and more socially accepted.
As the number of people who identify as LGBT rises, it makes sense that the number of people within this community who struggle from addiction would also rise. But the thing that causes particular concern about the rate of substance use within this group is the significantly higher rate when compared to the rest of society.
Research on the rates of addiction within the LGBT community is still somewhat new, but the results so far are concerning. Approximately 20-30% of the overall LGBT population has a drug or alcohol problem. That means not just that they use drugs or alcohol, but that their use has become a major issue in their life and needs treatment.
According to data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health in 2015, approximately 39.1% of the LGBT population used illicit drugs during the prior year. This is more than double the number of heterosexual people in the same time frame, where 17.1% had used drugs.
Why is substance use so prevalent for LGBTQ people?
The members of this community face special hardships and challenges that many others do not. Some have to deal with not being accepted by their friends and family members. There is constant social criticism and discrimination along with a number of other issues that they must deal with on a daily basis, including:
- Facing social stigmatization and prejudice
- Hate crimes, threats, and public humiliation
- Emotional abuse or ridicule
- Rejection or shame from family members or friends
- Loss of employment or not being considered for promotions
- Feelings of guilt, shame, or self-hatred
- Exclusion from social groups and activities.
- Physical abuse by family members, partners, or others
- Violence based on sexual orientation or gender identification
This stress alone can cause any person to turn to drugs or alcohol to numb their pain and frustration. The feeling that they have to hide their true selves from the outer world and the judgements it may pass can often lead to feeling isolated and depressed. This contributes to the higher rate of dual diagnosis, or coexisting conditions, in this population as well.
How does drug rehab treatment differ for LGBTQ people?
Substance abuse treatment for people in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community is largely the same as rehab for other people, but there are some important differences in care. For instance, a center that specializes in such treatment may offer an environment that is fully or largely made up of other LGBT people, which may feel more supportive or less isolating than programs that are primarily filled with heterosexual people.
There are several rehab centers in the United States that specialize in LGBT substance use treatment and nothing else, which are excellent opportunities for people who may struggle more with their identity or feel that being surrounded by others who truly understand their background will help their recovery. However, it isn’t always possible or necessary to attend one of these programs. The location, cost, or insurance coverage for these centers may be an issue. Or perhaps you or your loved one simply do not feel that this would be the best option for you. If this is the case, finding a facility that has some experience and specialization with this type of treatment is a good idea.
A treatment program that focuses on the specific needs of the members of this community will have more specialized classes and information that is based on the unique needs and challenges that they face. Additional program offerings, gender neutral settings, and an open, accepting, non-judgmental environment where the individual feels safe are all options to look for.
Some of the features of treatment will differ, but many will remain the same. Most drug rehab treatment facilities are going to offer some basic services. You can expect to have the same levels of care available to you. There are several options including:
Inpatient/Inpatient Treatment: During an inpatient or inpatient treatment program, you will reside on site and spend the majority of your time at the facility. Not only will you be housed there and receive all of your meals and any necessary medications, but you will also receive case management services, personal counseling, group therapy, and many other beneficial classes and programs. This is often the best level of care for people entering a rehab for the first time.
Intensive Outpatient/Partial Hospitalization: This is a slight step down in the level of care that you would receive with inpatient treatment. In intensive outpatient or partial hospitalization programs, you will still spend the majority of each day at the facility to receive treatment and case management services, but in the evening, you will go home or to another location to sleep. Usually there are programs that offer off-site sober living homes for their clients enrolled in this level of treatment.
Outpatient Treatment: With regular outpatient treatment, you will live on your own and likely be responsible for all of your meals and medication management. You will need to be on site several times per week (3-5 days, for 3-5 hours each day) to attend classes, receive case management services, participate in therapy sessions, and complete your program. This level of care is usually best for someone who has already completed a inpatient portion of their treatment plan and are ready to begin emerging back into society.
How to choose an Addiction treatment facility, provider, or Social support group
Regardless of which level of care you participate in, if you are a part of the LGBT community and are suffering from an addiction, it is critical that you attend a program that offers programs that specifically address your unique needs and concerns.
The inclusion of LGBT identification is only recently becoming a part of data collected in most national surveys and studies, so there is not very much historical data at this point in time. However, one recent survey showed that only 7.4% of drug rehabs offer services that are specialized for members of the LGBT community
It is equally important to find a treatment facility that offers options for dual diagnosis patients as well. This is because of the fact that the LGBT community has one of the highest rates of co-occurring disorders. With dual diagnosis patients, treating only one part of the problem will result in less than favorable results overall. Instead of treating just mental illness or substance use, dual diagnosis treatment addresses each issue together during a comprehensive treatment program.
Signs to watch for in your loved one
If you are concerned about a loved one who may be addicted to drugs or alcohol, there are certain signs to look for. Some signs will be in their physical appearance, while others will be changes in patterns or behaviors. Some of these include:
- Sudden weight loss
- Withdrawal from social activities
- Sleep changes (either sleeping much more or not sleeping at all)
- Changes in appetite
- Signs of sadness or depression
- Sudden aggressive behavior
- Legal or money problems that suddenly arise
- Lying or stealing from family and friends
The good news is that there are many options available for anyone who is suffering from an addiction to drugs or alcohol. Some programs are completely centered and focused around the special needs of the LGBT community.
National Talk, Text, and Chat Hotlines
An organization that offers online chats, telephone support, and many other resources for gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and questioning people.
An online resource that has a youth-only hotline meant for youth up to age 25. Operators can provide counseling, resources, and more.
Call this 24/7 hotline for help with suicidal crises or emotional distress.
The Trevor Project is a national organization providing crisis intervention and suicide prevention services to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) young people ages 13-24. Call the 24/7 hotline any time of the day or night for immediate help at chat, text, and receive social support.
Available from 10am-4am EST, this hotline is operated by trans people and exists to provide support to other trans people in need.
A weekly space just for trans youth who are under age 14 that is safe and moderated.
Held weekly, this moderated online chat group is for trans people who are ages 12-19.
Join this online meeting that invites everyone struggling with alcohol abuse to join them.
Gay men can receive support from others in this online Alcoholics Anonymous group.
This is an online support group just for lesbian women who meet each week via email.
Drop in to this open discussion online-format AA group to talk to others who understand your struggles.
With over 400 chapters with support groups and other local resources across the USA, PFLAG is an organization that supports LGBTQ people.
Each week, discuss a predetermined topic with the other members of this online group, or bring up your own thoughts or experiences.
This online-only AA group is just for transgender people who want to recover with people who truly know what you are going through.
Resources for LGBT Youth and Friends/Supporters
If you’ve ever wondered if you’re gay, lesbian, or bisexual, you’re not alone. Many teens ask themselves this question. For parents and caregivers, finding out your son or daughter is gay, lesbian, or bisexual can be difficult to navigate at first. Learn more about how to give and receive support.
As a student, you have the power to make change in many ways in your school and community.
A GSA club is a student-run club in a high school or middle school that brings together LGBTQI+ and straight students to support each other.
The It Gets Better Project reminds teenagers in the LGBT community that they are not alone, and life will get better.
The Q Card is a simple and easy-to-use communication tool designed to empower LGBTQ youth to become actively engaged in their health, and to support the people who provide their care.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender youth and those perceived as LGBT are at an increased risk of being bullied. There are important and unique considerations for strategies to prevent and address bullying of LGBT youth.
Resources for Parents, Guardians, and Family Members
LGBTQ youth need parents who respect, support, and listen to them.
Increased access to technology has benefits, but it also increases the risk of abuse. Learn more.
The Family Acceptance Project is a research, intervention, education, and policy initiative that works to prevent health and mental health risks for LGBT children and youth.
Finding out your son or daughter is gay, lesbian, or bisexual can be tricky to navigate at first. “A message to parents” can help you learn more about how to engage with your child on this topic.
This resource guide was developed to help practitioners who work in a wide range of settings to understand the critical role of family acceptance and rejection in contributing to the health and well-being of adolescents who identify as LGBT.
Information for parents on how youth experience sexual attraction and orientation, as well as how you as a parent or guardian may feel about and deal with youth on this topic.
Information about PFLAG’s confidential peer support and education in communities.
Parents’ Influence on the Health of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Teens: What Parents and Families Should Know
Information on how parents can promote positive health outcomes for their LGB teen.
Parents play a key role in preventing and responding to bullying. If you know or suspect that your child is involved in bullying, here are several resources that may help.
Supportive Families, Healthy Children: Helping Families with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Children
A family model to increase family support, decrease risk and promote the well-being of LGBT children and youth.
Accurate information for those who want to better understand sexual orientation.
DrugAbuse.com aims to provide educational content and recovery resources to those struggling with alcohol abuse and drug addiction.
Our mission is to advance science on the causes and consequences of drug use and addiction and to apply that knowledge to improve individual and public health.
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is the agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that leads public health efforts to advance the behavioral health of the nation. SAMHSA's mission is to reduce the impact of substance use and mental illness on America's communities. | <urn:uuid:32a75024-8fee-4e7e-a3ec-9339097c9845> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pinnaclepeakrecovery.com/substance-use-help-for-lgbt-people/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.960315 | 2,869 | 2.90625 | 3 |
About The Essential Life:
Perfect for beginners and experts alike, The Essential Life 7th edition is your go-to essential oil guide for any questions you may have about using essential oils — in any aspect of your life!
Get essential oil recommendations and remedies for each body system, like the brain and respiratory system, as well as focus areas such as allergies, intimacy, or detoxification.
This essential oil guide features an A-Z section for looking up ailments and quickly finding the top five essential oils for that ailment.
You’ll have accessible information on every essential oil sold by dōTERRA thanks to an alphabetized Single Oil and Blend section filled with in-depth information.
For beginners, you’ll learn how to incorporate oil usage safely and powerfully. And for experts, this guide also provides chemistry and in-depth knowledge on why oils can be a powerful component in your life, taking your oil knowledge even deeper.
Finally, oils can be fun! You’ll have extensive access to over a hundred recipes for everyday life and activities, taking oils beyond the vast health benefits.
The Essential Life is a return to plant remedies used throughout the ages.
It’s about inspiring individuals to create wellness instead of waiting for it. It’s about empowering families to discover solutions. It’s a trajectory toward an elevated quality of life. It’s about scientific facts, simplicity, and clear direction. | <urn:uuid:af301d96-468c-47c6-be4b-1f2bc6ad14dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.eosupplies.co.nz/de/products/the-essential-life-book-7th-edition | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.914057 | 297 | 1.53125 | 2 |
The government of Bermuda, a British Overseas Territory, will issue new guidance on the use of police cautions as an alternative to prosecution for minor criminal allegations.
Police Caution have been in use in England and Wales for decades and are used as an out of court disposal option designed to provide quick and expedient justice and diverts minor offenders from Court and thereby saves governments funds.
The changes will permit the Director of Public Prosecutions to provide guidance to any officer ranked as inspector or higher with regards to the issuing of formal police cautions as an alternative to a formal prosecution. The Bermudan Office of the DPP believes that cautions are appropriate for first-time and low-level offenders who admit guilt when talking to police.
Michael Dunkley, the Premier of Bermuda, has said he hoped to see a reduction in “unnecessary criminalisation” as a result of an amendment to the Police and Criminal Evidence Act.
Mr Dunlley said “Cautions have a number of intersecting goals, which make them a win-win all around.
“They allow the police to give an offender a ‘second chance’, so to speak, where circumstances warrant it.
“By avoiding going to the courts, we hope to reduce unnecessary criminalisation. No conviction will also mean no criminal record for first-time offenders. This has the added benefit of saving time and resources when it comes to dealing with offenders; police officers, prosecutors and magistrates won’t have to waste valuable time on cases which really are not appropriate for a full-scale prosecution.”
Source: The Royal Gazette, Bermuda
DBS Appeals and Police Records Expungement
We are expert DBS appeals and criminal records expungement solicitors.
If you have been issued with a police caution then we are able to help. You may be finding that the caution is having a more serious impact on your life than you were led to believe it would have.
You may have only admitted the offence to avoid going to Court or that you were told it was just a slap on the wrists. If you have received a police caution and would like to discuss getting it removed then please get in touch.
We can also assist if you are on the barred list or need to appeal a DBS certificate. | <urn:uuid:4fa5c435-8505-4072-b35a-4611ed34c925> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://policecautions.uk/2016/04/08/bermuda-to-issue-new-guidance-on-the-use-of-police-cautions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.965192 | 475 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Things You Should Be Doing For A Healthy And Fit Body!
Weight loss is surely everyone’s perception of being fit and healthy but actually you can still be at your original self and start doing things which will make your body healthy, more immune to diseases which are lifestyle generated like diabetes, thyroid, hormonal imbalances and once you have overcome these things, you will notice the considerable loss in weight which triggered all these health issues to subside and eventually get eradicated!
Things You Should Do For A Healthy And Fit Body
So, this year many of us must have made some resolutions regarding staying healthy and working more towards making the body fit and physically active! There are many around us who are currently happy with their body frame and only wish to be consistent and maintain it for good!
Lets checkout some common things which one can practice in their daily life and make changes accordingly to make sure that their body remains to be fit if not slimmer and not progress again towards being obese!
Engage in a short duration Workout-
The key is to keep the body active each day without fail. If you go to work make sure that if the distance can be easily covered by walking, leave home a few minutes earlier and walk to your destination! In a day it doesn’t feel anything but if you are consistent enough to do it everyday, it will surely count and would be great for the joints and muscles!
Reach out To Fruits–
When hunger pans strike out, it is always better to reach out for natural fruits as they are highly rich in fiber content and provide so many nutrients to the body! They also make you feel satiated and are much better than the french fries or a pizza!
Always make sure to keep 2-3 types of fruits at home so that you can quickly reach out to them!
Smaller frequent meals-
Always feed yourself whenever you are hungry and take small meal and not stuff yourself with extra food just because you need to finish a lot of home cooked food in afternoon! Have small but frequent meals and this will eventually show its effects when you practice it daily! You will feel full in a less portion of food and would be able to utilize the energy into doing things more productively!
Try to replace your dinner meals with a bowl of fruit or veggie salad and have a peaceful sleep. Never take heavy food items in dinner. If you do not feel too hungry, simply have a mix vegetable soup and that will be it!
Liquid food like smoothies and juices will also be good for keeping the body well fed and also ensuring you get the required amount of nutrition!
Replace delightful beverages with water-
Cut down caffeine or beverage consumption slowly to a permissible level and replace it with water. Water is the best liquid you can take to keep the body hydrated, free from bloating, make you feel lighter and also to ensure your metabolic activities and bowel movement works well!
Well, I hope you find these things useful and also easy to practice in your daily life without causing much difficulty! 🙂
Have you been doing these things in your routine?
You might also like to read: | <urn:uuid:eb3b16a3-c756-475c-bf27-0729bca7638d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fitnessvsweightloss.com/things-you-should-do-for-a-healthy-and-fit-body/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.960514 | 648 | 2.078125 | 2 |
About the Film
Israel 2021 | 60 min | Creative Documentary
At the age of 80, Captain Meirson embarks on his last sail at open seas on his hand-made boat.
Surrounded by the breaking waves and sounds of depths, he refuses to accept what is more frightening than the winds - growing old.
- CODA FOR A CAPTAIN is a poetic interpretation of “The old man and the sea” - a cinematic journey of loneliness and senescence.
*a coda (Italian for "tail") is a concluding segment passage that brings a musical piece to an end.
Watch the Trailer
ILAN MEIRSON (1935-2021)
Born in Haifa in 1935, Ilan spent his childhood watching the fishermen building their wooden boats on the shore of the River, In his youth he joined the local Sea-Scouts where he learned to row and sail.
After his service, he recruited to ZIM - the national merchant navy where he quickly became a Captain commanding over massive ships across the seas. When his family extended, he left the navy and worked in the dead sea factories, overseeing the international sea-shipments.
On 1986 he decided he wants to build his own boat. It took him 14 years. On the first day of his retirement, he launched Zina II and has sailed it up until the age of 80.
Director and Editor
Alexander is a screenwriter and director from Tel-Aviv.
he received her BFA from the Steve Tisch School of Film and Television at TAU, in the Cinema Directing department.
During her studies she directed two shorts that were screened in Film Festivals in Europe. Her short Documentary “A Delicate Balance” (2012) was in the official selection of Shanghai IFF.
Her debut film “Coda for a Captain” (2021) is currently in international distribution.
Alexander works as content editor and screenwriter for documentary projects and as a lector for local film funds and festivals.
Adi received his BFA in cinema from Sapir College.
He is an emerging award-winning cinematographer, with his works shown in many film festival around the world from Delhi to Chicago and Cannes. “Gabriel”, a short which he shot, directed by Oren Gerner, was in the Cannes Court Metrage Official Selection of 2018.
Yotam is an Israeli Filmmaker. He is a graduate of "The Steve Tisch School of Film and Television" in the Tel-Aviv University.
Yotam is an acclaimed editor, both in film and television.
Editing some of Israel's most popular TV shows as well as short films that screened in different national and international festivals such as Cannes, Venice, Jerusalem and more. | <urn:uuid:e347e26e-cd72-4ab5-a4e0-8479a4c8f6f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.codaforacaptain.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.972271 | 613 | 1.695313 | 2 |
US breaks another record with warmest winter
It was so hot that the Iditarod had to ship seven rail cars of snow from Fairbanks to Anchorage so the mushers would have enough of the white stuff to race on. It was so hot that two Vermont ski resorts, accustomed to 250 inches of prime powder, closed last month for lack of snow.
No, those aren’t the punchlines to a bad joke. Turns out the numbers and the record books show it’s no joke at all: The U.S. saw its warmest winter on record — a whopping 4.6 degrees above average.
The December-February average temperature for the Lower 48 states was 36.8 degrees, breaking the previous record set in the winter of 1999-2000 of 36.5 degrees, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
The U.S. hit the numbers for record warmth even as a crippling blizzard struck in January, breaking all-time snowfall records for a single snowstorm in the mid-Atlantic and Northeast, and short-lived but intense cold snap struck in mid-February.
But the three-month stretch was more notable for its uncharacteristic lack of snow.
All six New England states saw record warm winters. Vermont’s ski industry took a hit, in what the Burlington Free Press called one of the worst winters on record for natural snow.
Alaska was a freakish 10.6 degrees warmer than normal this winter, which led to a lack of snow for the start of the state’s famed Iditarod sled dog race last week in Anchorage.
In Hawaii, the winter was marked by extreme dryness, as the Aloha State endured its driest winter on record. The opposite was true in Iowa, which recorded its wettest winter on record, as measured by rain and melted snow.
While skiers and mushers suffered, consumers benefited from lower heating bills. In Ohio, for example, which saw its fourth-warmest winter on record, average home heating bills were the lowest in a decade for Columbia Gas of Ohio customers.
The strong El Nino climate pattern was one of the causes of the unusual warmth, NOAA said. El Nino, a natural warming of tropical Pacific Ocean water, influences weather patterns around the world.
Meteorological winter is defined as the months of December, January and February.
U.S. weather records go back to 1895. Global weather data for winter will be released later this month. | <urn:uuid:5202c34c-a804-4d77-a835-a0ef6d05a7ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dailyrecord.com/story/news/2016/03/09/us-breaks-another-record-warmest-winter/81523636/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.960724 | 516 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Self-driving cars are coming to get you – if you live in Pittsburgh, at least. Uber and Volvo are rolling out the first fleet of self-driving cars in the Steel City at this very moment, far earlier than most observers expected to see robots cruising the streets of the United States. And while this first group of robotic cabbies will have two human attendants watching its every move, it marks an important and exciting milestone in the march towards an increasingly automated future. For consumers, robot drivers offer all sorts of advantages over the status quo: lower costs, fewer accidents, less awkward conversation.
However, the future doesn’t look quite so bright for those who make their living behind the wheel. That’s not only the case for would-be Uber drivers; there are more than a million and a half truck drivers in the United States who will be replaced by robots over the next decade. Those workers represent around 1% of the entire American workforce – and they’re just the beginning. Along with the millions of jobs that will be automated out of existence, tens or even hundreds of millions more will be heavily augmented by robot assistants (with a commensurate reduction in salary). These changes will fundamentally alter the landscape of employment, and anyone interested in earning a salary in 20 years’ time is well-advised to consider how these circumstances will affect their career.
Of course, it’s not only jobs like driving and manufacturing that will be affected by the rise of robots; the automation of tasks in every occupation will make even highly valued technical skills like computer programming and engineering less valuable. Research conducted by David Deming at Harvard (among others) and reported by FiveThirtyEight indicates that social skills are becoming a prerequisite for the best and highest-paying jobs in the United States, and that trend is likely to intensify over the coming decades. In other words, being a people person will never go out of style.
How, then, can a forward-looking student prepare for a future where working with people is so crucially important? Here’s one idea: get an MBA. Talk with any graduate business school alum about their career, and you’re likely to hear one common thread: MBA jobs are all about working with people. And while MBA programs come in many flavors, the general management curriculum and the increasingly collaborative focus of graduate business school make it a near-perfect primer for a career in leveraging interpersonal skills. Given that, the MBA might just be the most future-proof academic degree available.
What Makes the MBA Degree Different
Graduate degrees tend to focus on the further development of highly specialized skill-sets or to facilitate entry into highly specific practice areas. Medicine and law are the most obvious examples of this phenomenon, but it extends to plenty of other areas, including engineering, humanities, and social sciences. Even within graduate business school, focus areas like accounting and finance prepare students for a relatively rigid career path.
By comparison, the MBA is a uniquely wide-ranging and versatile degree. In addition to the hard business skills taught in finance and marketing classes, there are elements of social sciences taught in organizational behavior classes, and humanities are covered in business ethics and communications classes. And in all of these classes, the students themselves will bring to bear perspectives from academic and professional backgrounds that is far more diverse than most if not all other graduate degree programs.
The advantages extend beyond the classroom, as well. The broad applicability of the management skillset means that MBAs can find jobs in just about any industry they want. That includes industries – like transportation and manufacturing – that will be largely or entirely automated over the next half-century. Even robots need a manager.
Optimizing your MBA Experience for a Future Ruled by Robots
Soft skills get a bad rap. Often overshadowed by the harder quantitative skills taught in classes like finance or decision analysis, lessons from organizational behavior, business ethics, and communications classes are, in fact, more often cited by returning alumni as valuable or memorable in the years or decades after graduation. As mentioned above, the common theme of MBA careers for decades has been working with people. That remains the case today, and it will continue to be the case for decades to come.
Given that soft skills will be the defining competitive advantage in the hiring market for the foreseeable future, students entering MBA programs should place a particular emphasis on those classes with a distinctly human element. Humans may still be better at putting together discounted cash flow spreadsheets for the time being, but that skill set will no longer be offered the same advantages in 10, 15, or 25 years. Robots, however, are not likely to become good at complex interpersonal tasks like conflict resolution or persuasion, and those are the areas where MBAs have an opportunity to contribute in unique and meaningful ways for as long as businesses and other organizations exist. Soft skill classes can often seem trivial or unimportant in comparison to the academic rigor of quantitative disciplines, but absorbing and implementing lessons from those courses will be the primary way in which the MBAs of tomorrow demonstrate true value to their employers and ensure the continued viability of their careers.
Managing for an Uncertain World
While the impending wave of labor automation is not likely to directly affect the job prospects of MBAs for the foreseeable future, it will dramatically affect the work and lives of those employees under their management. Organizational leaders from every industry will soon be grappling with difficult decisions about the trade-offs between increasing automation and providing gainful employment to those workers whose skills are no longer as valuable. While MBA orthodoxy dictates that managers should always err on the side of operational efficiency, there will come in a time in the not-so-distant future when replacing workers with robots en masse will have profound effects on both a micro business level as well as a macro societal level. When the average consumer’s job is co-opted by a machine, how will those consumers earn a wage that will allow them to purchase the products those machines create?
It’s easy to view this sort of scenario as mere science-fiction in a world where Siri can hardly understand simple questions and humans are still far better than machines at even simple tasks. But the exponential improvement of technology (see Moore’s Law for a good example) will mean that these thorny problems rear their heads sooner rather than later. The holistic approach to business that is taught in most MBA programs can offer valuable perspective on these issues, but business schools and MBAs both will need to be ready to adapt traditional rules of business to a brave new world of rapid technological change. How well they handle this transition might just determine whether the rise of robots will represent a boon or a burden for society in the 21st century and beyond.
Zach Mayo is the chief operating officer of RelishCareers, the marketplace for MBA hiring. Available to students and alumni from network schools, RelishCareers gives candidates access to employer branding and MBA-specific career exploration resources (including exclusive webinars) before the hectic pace of first-year MBA life begins in the fall. Admitted and newly minted MBAs can sign up now to explore company pages, build an initial target list, and engage with employers before on-campus recruiting begins and with off-campus companies. | <urn:uuid:a4a73c9d-874c-48a4-9a14-b3206974890b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://poetsandquants.com/2016/09/12/robots-mbas-future-work/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.943823 | 1,481 | 2.703125 | 3 |
To view the HTML of your webpage (also known as the "source code"), first open your web browser. Then, visit the premium content page where you'd like to show surveys.
Once you're there, please follow the steps below:
- Click the menu icon on the browser toolbar.
- Select More tools, then View Source.
- Press Ctrl+U (Windows) or ⌘-Option-U (Mac).
Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox or Apple Safari
Review and follow the instructions provided by your browser:
After you take the steps above, a new window will open displaying the source code. | <urn:uuid:210df8db-7d51-424d-b600-aa18c4a64f0c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://support.google.com/surveys/answer/6172725?hl=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.784064 | 134 | 1.828125 | 2 |
December 12, 2016
It’s the end of the year and like in most companies it’s probably time to start calculating and reassessing your employee’s compensation. But can you actually use money to motivate and retain your employees? A study by Willis Towers Watson found that only 20 percent of employers in North America actually believe merit pay is effective in driving high performance. Traditionally money was seen as the main incentive used to motivate employees. Higher productivity results in higher salaries and bonuses. For companies, it’s been used as the main tool to attract, retain and engage their people. Today we’ve learned that the key to motivation is much more complex than that.
Employee engagement is not about the financial rewards you provide, it’s about the intrinsic motivators that drive people at your company. Say your business hits hard times and you can’t provide pay raises that meet the standards you had set in the past. Employees who are there for the financial rewards will be the first to start looking for new jobs. Interestingly, Gallup found that 64 percent of millennials who are engaged at work stated they would not leave their job, even if the job market improves.
What’s more rewarding than money?
In his TEDx Talk “What makes us feel good about our work”, behavioural economist Dan Ariely discusses an experiment in which he had participants put together Lego figures for a diminishing amount of money. However, in one group, each time someone finished a figure it would be placed under the table. In the second group, each time someone finished a figure an experimenter would immediately disassemble it.
While being offered the same amount of money, the second group stopped making figures at a much faster rate. Even if nothing was being done with the first group’s Lego figures, the act of disassembling them was an extreme demotivator for the second group. The reason being that aside from money, people need to feel a sense of purpose in what they’re doing to actually feel motivated. Furthermore, having the number of figures add up could also give the first group a sense of progress.
Similarly, PWC conducted a survey of employees asking them how much extra time they would work if:
- They received a bonus for every 15 minutes more they worked, with a cap of 90 minutes
- Customer satisfaction would increase when working 150 more minutes
Interestingly, they found that about 30 percent would work up to 150 minutes, even if they stopped receiving a bonus after 90 minutes. In both cases we see that people are largely impacted by: the purpose behind their work and their ability to see progress or improvement.
The three keys to motivation
In the 1980s, psychology professors Edward Deci and Richard Ryan came up with six main reasons that drive people to work. Building on their theory, authors Lindsay McGregor and Neel Doshi recently adapted these to the modern workplace.
They include positive motives:
And negatives motives:
- Emotional pressure
- Economic pressure
When people are working solely based on necessity (to receive a paycheck for instance) they will be thinking more about the reward than the work itself. However, in their study they found that companies which emphasize the first three factors experienced a boost, not only in productivity, but also in factors like creativity and customer satisfaction.
How managers can use intrinsic motivators
Douglas McGregor’s XY Theory was one of the first to make the distinction between the use of extrinsic vs intrinsic motivators. In his 1960 book “The Human Side of Enterprise” he outlined two management styles that require different types of motivators. Theory X managers take a carrot and stick approach to motivation believing that humans have an inherent tendency to avoid work. Monetary rewards are thus the main tool used to retain and push employees to achieve more.
Theory Y managers, on the other hand, believe that a sense of ownership and autonomy in reaching company objectives can drive an inherent form of motivation. Humans receive a natural satisfaction from personal growth and improvement. Taking McGregor’s Y Theory into account, it becomes clear that to motivate employees, managers must provide an environment which can fuse their desire for constant development and achievement with a strong sense of purpose and room for self-direction.
These factors have encouraged managers to break the connection between performance and pay, instead placing emphasis on an environment that encourages Y Theory management objectives. This has created a paradigm shift away from annual performance reviews based on X Theory incentives and towards a mission driven environment that fosters creativity, ownership and self-direction.
Creating a strong culture of continuous learning and feedback will win you a motivated and agile workforce. To create these conditions, more managers are prioritizing coaching, recognition and openness by using real-time 360-degree feedback tools. However, compensation decisions still need to be made.
Matias Rodsevich works in Communications at Impraise, a web-based and mobile solution for real-time feedback at work. | <urn:uuid:e5b49ccf-5af1-497d-9de3-3138c0a6de07> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://workplaceinsight.net/can-organisation-simply-buy-employee-motivation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.961881 | 1,069 | 2.296875 | 2 |
"[This] is the kind of picture book I wished we read while we were taking karate. I really like that the main character is a girl with dreamy notions of becoming a black belt but gets daunted by the actual training. This is the reality of karate - it's a marathon, not a sprint! But like karate, the act of doing and not giving up pays dividends in areas that cross beyond physical training: self-control, self-discipline, and self-confidence. Julie Black Belt's message also has an overarching theme of perseverance - that achievement results from consistent hard work."
- Pragmatic Mom
When Julie takes a kung fu class, she thinks
getting a black belt will be easy. But her bold teacher says guess
again! As reality doesn't match her expectations, Julie wonders what
would her matinee idol Brandy Wu do?
Can Julie take her lessons
to heart? Only then can this "white belt" pass her next
test to show her brother, parents, and heroine this sport's true
Colorful and energetic illustrations capture both high-flying action
and purposeful reflection. Julie is a refreshing character whom
children everywhere can identify with. This engaging tale of "kung
fu enlightening" shows what real kid power is!
"It’s a positive tale that encourages hard work and persistence and it’s entertaining and charming to boot. Written by Oliver Chin and illustrated by Charlene Chua, this book does a good job of teaching the discipline of martial arts and the lesson that hard work pays off."
- Ain't it Cool News
"The exuberant digital illustrations show Julie's journey
from enthusiastic beginner to struggling novice to poised and confident
student...youngsters interested in the sport will be thrilled to
follow Julie's adventures. Other readers may also learn something
from Julie's determination to meet her goals."
Abbott, James Blackstone Memorial Library, Branford, CT
"Julie Black Belt and its wonderful imagery are a great introduction
for young readers into the world of martial arts."
- Phillip Wong, 13-time national and international Wushu Grand Champion,
and Zhang Hong Mei, China's National Wushu Team, International Games
"[martial arts] demonstrates the value of hard work, practice
and consistent dedication."
- The Washington Post
"Such a great combination of stunning pictures and gripping
story. I absolutely love the illustrations."
- Anna Tharyan, Toronto Public Library
"Immedium has created yet another children’s book with
a story and graphics sure to entertain readers of all ages."
- Boutique Cafe
"I would certainly suggest Julie Black Belt to my students
and their parents, as it seems to
reflect what many kids think about in relation to the martial arts
- David Marshall, Empty Hands martial arts studio, San Francisco,
"Julie Black Belt looks positively wonderful!
I just checked out some of the preview pages on the website. I can't
wait to snag a copy."
- Alan Lau, Ghostbot
"It is wonderful ! It was fantastic of how the Chinese cultural
was incorporated in the storyline!...Congratulations!!
- Karen Dea, Wa Sung Community Service Club
"In Julie Black Belt: The Kung Fu Chronicles, the ingenious
illustrations of Charlene Chua drive the narrative as writer Oliver
Chin offers clever stealth lessons, affirming the rewards of dedication
and practice. This charming volume makes Kung Fu fun & appealing
- it's a book both my young children will want to read over and
- Steve Lafler, graphic novelist
"I recommend this book. The characters' constant state of motion
adds excitement to the story. The kung fu classes are filled with
male and female racially diverse students, and their cartoon-like
appearance will appeal to children. When children read Julie's story
they will understand how important and beneficial it can be to keep
going despite difficulties. Julie's tireless effort and enthusiastic
attitude create a positive ending to this story."
- Resource Links
"Idolizing the movie actress Brandy Wu, Julie confidently
accepts her parents' offer to enroll in a kung fu class in Oliver
Chin's delightful Julie Black Belt: The Kung Fu Chronicles. But
getting a black belt won't be easy since her teacher says every
beginner must start with a white one. Julie wonders what her big
screen idol would do...Find out through Charlene Chua's lively illustrations
in this engaging and empowering read."
Magazine, Oct/Nov 2007 issue
"Evocative of graphic novels, the illustrations will catch
readers' attention. They portray the range of emotions that Julie
and the other characters experience and also present the characters
in 'action shots,' which will appeal to younger readers and draw
them into the story. Many of the illustrations are mid-action sequences
that will give readers the impression that they are watching a movie
instead of reading a book with static pictures."
- CM magazine
"As society progresses away from gender stereotypes, it is nice to see children's literature doing the same. Growing up in the '90s, I spent my childhood wondering why all the heroes were male and females characters who needed saving. Julie Black Belt by Oliver Chin is a shining example of how things have changed for the better... Julie gives young girls many positive values to emulate: Try new things, work hard, follow your dreams, and most of all, never lose hope." - Sampan | <urn:uuid:1938f55e-1474-4018-985f-6d914e4706e0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.immedium.com/jbb/about.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.916505 | 1,185 | 1.835938 | 2 |
How to add your own subtitle to DVD (keep menu, multi-episode, multi-pgc)
There are already couple of verty good guides made by TheMatrixx and Paddington.
But certain program always produced errors for me and I couldn't make it work.
So I tried to find my own way to add a subtitle and I found it!
If one of the above guides work for you great, but if not, there is still hope.
This guide will let you add your own subtitle while keeping the menu structure and
it's also compatible with multi-pgc DVDs.
Tools you need:
1. Subtitle Workshop
2. Subtitle Tool
3. Subtitle Creator
8. Software DVD player like PowerDVD for previews
You'll need a lot of hard disk space for this project, as you'll be keeping
at least 3 versions of your DVD (probably 4). So I suggest creating 4 directories:
"original", "demuxed", "remuxed", "reauthored" (I'll be referencing them in this guide).
For multi-episode that's in separate .VOB's, create subfolers like "ep1", "ep2", etc. in
"demuxed" foler and "remuxed" folder, and use the appropriate folder accordingly.
1. Run DVDDecrypter and in File mode, copy everything to the "original" directory. Alternatively, you can use DVDShrink.
2. Run PGCDemux. Click Input IFO's 'Browse' button and open the .IFO file that contains
your main movie (usually VTS_01_0.IFO, but could be different). Make sure the domain is
'Titles' and that the length of the movie is correct. Note the PGC # shown here. This is the
PGC you'll be working on later. Choose "demuxed" as your output
directory. Check 'Demux video stream'. Click on 'Check A/V delay'.
If the delay is anything other than '0 ms', write it down, as you'll need this info later.
Click on 'Process!' to demuliplex.
3. a) Now if you downloaded your subtitle and it is not a .srt file, convert it to .srt using
Subtitle Workshop. Just open it in Subtitle Workshop and save it as SubRip file.
b) If your subtitle is in a different frame rate, then open it in Subtitle Tool and in Change speed tab,
choose the template you want and click on Do it.
c) Also while you are here, goto Check consistency tab and click on Check it! button. Make sure
there is no error and all you get are the Info:> lines.
4. a) Run Subtitle Creator. Goto File->Open text subtitles and choose the subtitle you'd like to add.
Goto File->Open IFO and choose the .IFO of the main movie. This will select the right color palette,
video format, etc. Do the usual color/font selection and position adjustment. If you want to check
if the subtitle will be in sync, goto Synchronize->Load original SUP and open the .sup file in the
"demuxed" folder. Then you can compare the time of each line to make sure the subtitle is in sync.
b) If you want to do a simple synchronization, then you can probably get away with linking the first line
and the last line then clicking on Synchronize button. But I prefer to use Subtitle Workshop and use
it to add/subtract delays.
c) Remember that everytime you change your subtitle in any other program, you have to reload it in Subtitle Creator.
If you joined more than two subtitles, make sure to check for the synchronization after the join points.
If you can get the times difference of less than 300 ms, then you are good.
d) If you think you have everything ready, then goto File->Save SUP as... and save it in the "demuxed" directory.
If you are adding a subtitle to a 16:9 movie AND you want your movie to display subtitles correctly on both
4:3 TV and 16:9 TV, then you need to create two subtitle streams for each format. For 4:3, you don't have
to change anything, save it as mysub_lb.sup (lb for letterbox). But for 16:9, change the X: ratio in Stretch
in the right pane to .75, and save it as mysub_wide.sup.
5. Run MuxMan. Click on ... button and add your video, audio, and subtitles from the "demuxed" directory.
Select ouput folder as "remuxed". If there were any audio delay, put it in here. If you want to keep the original subtitles, load them in the correct order (you can tell the order by the filename: Subpictures_20.sup is the first, Subpictures_21.sup is the second, and so on). If you created 2 streams for a subtitle, add the wide version first and click on wide button. Then for the next stream, add the letterbox
version and click on LB button. Make sure that the languages of both streams are the same. If you have just
1 stream, load it and click on both LB and wide. Lastly, goto File->Import Chapter and open CellTimes.txt in
the "demuxed" folder. Click on Start. If you get an error, you can try Rejig or IFOEdit to remux, but they
can't combine letterbox and wide versions into one stream.
6. Play the generated file and check if the subtitle displays correctly and in sync. Don't worry about the
colors, they will be in correct colors after it's been reauthored. At this point, if you don't want to
keep the menu, you can just copy over the color palettes from the original .IFO and burn it. If you want to
keep the menu, there are more work to be done.
7. Run VobBlanker. Click Browse of the Input Folder and open the VTS_TS.IFO from the "original" directory.
Set output as "reauthored" directory. In the title set, choose the title set that contains your main movie.
All the PGC's of that title set will be displayed in the lower table. Click on the main movie (usually PGC 1,
but could be different) and click the Replace button. Choose the VTS_01_0.IFO from the "remuxed" directory.
For multi-episodes, you need to do this for each episode/vob. Then click on PROCESS!!. A log window pops up
to let you know what it is doing. After it's done, close the log and exit.
8. Play your file, if you have REPLACED one of the original subtitles to your own, then your subtitle will show
under the language of the subtitle that you had replaced. If you have ADDED a new subtitle, then it won't show
because the .IFO's don't know about the new subtitle stream. So you have to manually edit them.
Backing up the .IFO's in "reauthored" folder would be a good idea here.
9. a) Run IFOEdit. Open the VTS_TS.IFO from the "remuxed" directory. Click on VMG_VTS_ATRT, in the lower window,
scroll down to the VTS of the main movie (in my case, VTS_1). At the end you'll see the subtitle information.
Note the number of sub-pictures. Double click on the newly added subtitle (in my case, Sub-picture stream 2),
and note the hex numbers shown.
b) Open the VTS_TS.IFO from the "reauthored" directory. Go to the same place and modify the values to match the
information from remuxed video, by double clicking on the item you want to change. If the number of subtitles
were reduced, you can zero out the removed subs. Click on Save button and answer yes when it asks to save .BUP
file as well.
c) Close and reopen IFOEdit. Open VTS_01_0.IFO from the "remuxed" folder. Click on VTSI_MAT, and in the lower
window, scroll down to where subtitle information is shown. Note the properties of the newly added sub. Open
the .IFO file that contains the main movie from the "reauthored" folder. Again, goto the same location and modify
the values to match the one from "remuxed" by double clicking on the Sub-picture stream attributes. Make sure you also change the Number of sub-picture streams in VTSTT_VOBS to the correct number or your subtitle won't show up!
d) In the upper window, click on the .IFO from the "remuxed" folder. Double click on VTS_PGCITI, then click on
VTS_PGC_1. Scroll down to the subtitle information. Double click on your sub-picture's status. Press Ctrl+C to
copy this value. Go back to the .IFO from the "original" folder, to the same location (PGC number might be different!). Double click the
sub-picture's status and press Ctrl+V to paste the value. Again, you can put zero to the subtitles that have been
removed. Save the file. Finally, play the file now to see if the new subtitle show up. It should show up and
in correct color.
10. Burn it and enjoy!
Sorry if this guide seems lacking. Ask questions in this thread and I'll try my best to answer them.
+ Reply to Thread
Results 1 to 30 of 340
İt's ok but can i've a quest.
I've a dvd includes Eng.Ger.Ned.Por.Esp subtitles, i want to add turkish subtitle instead of spanish so can i display it as "turkish" on the subtitle choosing table when opening dvd.dogano
All you have to do is open up the .ifo of the main movie in IfoEdit (after you have replaced a subtitle).
You'll see the subtitle information as Subpicture 1, Subpicture 2, etc.
There is a flag next to it representing the language of the stream.
Double click on the one that has been replaced and change the language to the one you want.
Very Cool Guide Bluedha,
I however didn't use it quite exactly how you intended. I used it to switch out an MPG-1 Layer 2 audio with a Dolby Digital AC3 file. My brother's player wouldn't play the MPG-1 audio without manually switching in the Setup. The problem is probably more on the part of his Home Theater setup than anything, but I was curious if it could be done. Your guide was very useful with the bits about PGCDemux, Muxman and VobBlanker. Thanks!
One problem, and I don't want to really hijack your guide thread, but I've found with several programs (PGCDemux, DVD Maestro, Chapter Xtractor) that the Chapter Points are always skewed. Since I was reauthoring a Music Video disc, precise chapter points are a must.
As the DVD plays, the chapters start later and later than their intended position. I've found (after hours of trial and error) that this is because the programs base their framerates at 30 fps instead of a truer 29.97! Who the eff of a programmer could miss something like that??
Anyways, I've found that I can take the Cell Times from PGCDemux and multiply them by .999 and the chapters land where I originally intended them to be. I used Excel to make a little calculator and just copied an pasted the results into another txt file. I haven't tried correcting the problem in Chapter Xtractor, but that's next on my list.
Thanks again Bluedha for the help!"*sigh* Warned you, we tried. Listen, you did not. Now SCREWED, we all will be!" ~Yoda
excellent guide though i couldn;t make a dvd with the menus yet but i did without the menu and add subs quick and easy
my questions is about the av delay
you wrote in the guide to write it down and use it later but you are not refering in the guide
where the delay is inserted?in the audio delay where the remuxed procedure with muxman?
Step 9, using PGCedit.
You can do the step 9 also inside PGCedit, also its little bit easier i think. I added new subtitle, and in my case PGCedit did work for me and result was identical IFO file to the one done by using IFOedit.
Heres what i did:
Load the "reauthored" DVD into PGCedit (im using version 0.6.0). In my case, i was editing one title on a episodic DVD disc. Find the title you added the subtitles to, mine was title number 1. Select it from the list on the left and right click to open the menu, choose "Edit PGC" to open the PGC editor.
In the editor, go the top-right side of the window (sub-pictures streams box) and find the slot where you added the new subtitle, in my case i already had 2 subtitles before so the new one was added in the 3rd slot in the list. Press the the button to open the “subpic streams setup” window for selected slot. Here i choose the exact same as all the previous subtitles before it had, 4:3 and and stream number set to 2. Press Set button to set the current setup and then press OK in the PGC editor window.
Next go to the Macros (top) and then select the “fix number of streams inVMGM/VTSI_MAT tables” located on the bottom of the menu. Next window should be “verify the number of streams” and if everything looks ok, press YES.
Now, go back to the same title and open the PGC editor again. Now press the “Current domain streams attributes” button in the bottom-left corner. You should have now “streams attributes” window open and the new added subtitle, in my case subpic number 2, empty. Add the correct “country code” for that subtitle (en for “english” and so on) and press OK.
Now you should have the exact same result of the IFO file(s) as you would by using IFOedit program.
Thanks man! I've been experimenting with different guides to keep menus, etc but add eng subs for my Japanse kaiju DVDs. I came up with my own method which worked perfectly except the chapters feature would not work, but using your method (1-6 only as I just replaced the Japanese subs with eng subs) it worked perfectly the first time, I now have a 1 to 1 backup on dual layer media with eng subtitles. Thanks again!
Hi, guide is good so far, but when I used Muxman to remux my movie, it gives me some kind of pop-up error that reads:
Multiplex operation halted
Largest GOP of 38 fields exceeds DVD specification of 36.
Resulting DVD is non-standard.
What's GOP and what happened? I tried playing it with PowerDVD in the remuxed folder and it works perfectly, except for font colours(which is to be expected).
I followed the rest of your guide despite the error, and everything went smoothly. I even burned it and it plays okay on my stand-alone player. I somehow see no problems.
But I have doubts and am a little nervous, so can someone explain to me what happened in Muxman and why it gave me that error. Thanks.
Edit: Oh yeah, and I've tried remuxing it with Rejig too (since it's a NTSC dvd) but the video came out laggy. So so far the best multiplexer for me is Muxman. I've tried others, but I like this the best. :P So if anyone could help me out?
This is a great guideeeeeeeeee...i was looking for a guide which allow me to replace several episodes of a dvd keeping the menu!...Thanks bluedha!
Nice thread. I basically managed to add new subtitles to a DVD I had; however, I cannot seem to synchronize the subtitles with the movie. I got the subtitle files in srt format online, then edited them to synchronize them with the movie by using Subtitle Workshop. After I created sub files from them and remuxed everything, they start off fine but end up completely out of sync (6 seconds differential on the last ones).
I've also tried to synchronize them through Subtitle Creator by using the inner dvd synchronization module, to no avail. Once I open the remuxed DVD copy, they're out of sync, no matter what I do. It's driving me crazy!
I had a same problem, then i just opened my subs in subtitle workshop and just save then. After then, everythink works normal.
However, i have problem with some dvd's. Most dvds works for me fine, but some of them i am not able to open them properly in PgcDemux.
I mean when i open my VTS_01_0.IFO, the lentgh of movie is only 1 minut or less, when i open other ifos, i am geting diffrents lentghs, like 4, 10, 14 minutes, but no full movie ifo.
Why is that happening?
And of course:
very very nice guide!!!!
Thanks alot for this guide, it's by far the best guide out in my opinion
I'm trying to insert a new subtitle in a DVD using this guide, but each software I use to remux the vib has a different problem.
It's a R1 Movie DVD, NTSC.
When I use MuxMan, I get only the first chapter of the movie, about 4:45 minutes. When I use Rejig I get only few files, smaller than 1 MB!!
How can I find out if the movie is 30 or 29,976 FPS?
What am I doing wrong?
I have another problem.
I have a DVD with only Swedish and Danish subtitles, and I wanted to replace the Swedish with English.
In the step 4 of the guide, I followed the "express mode", choosing yellow as the text colour for the subtitles, with a yellow outline and no transparency.
Since I wanted to keep the menus and all, and there was a simple subtitle replacement operation, when I reached Step 6 I stopped and previewed the resulting DVD in VLC Media player.
Unfortunately, the subtitles show up as "empty" (transparent letters with only a bit of white outline)... I copied the characteristics from the original files, and pasted them in the new DVD, using IfoEdit, but I get the same results...
Anyone here who can help?
Please help me, I can't run subtitlecreator although I reinstall my window xp and only install driver for VGA and driver motherboard meanwhile my friend can run easily on his PC .Absurbly that my PC is better.
I can run every remain software you offer, only not with subtitlecreator
In step 9d you refer to the "original" . But it must be the "Reauthored" folder
I figured it out myself but some may have a bad result
Originally Posted by yair24
Now try to load your subtitles... it should be fine now.
Originally Posted by NHUCUT13
if you cant find it, you can contact my on ICQ 122690073, and ill send it to you.
Thanks for the guide. Its easy to use.
However, in step 6 you write:
"At this point, if you don't want to
keep the menu, you can just copy over the color palettes from the original .IFO and burn it."
I did succeed in copying over the color palettes, (I can see the codes change and then I save the result) but the subs are almost without color and sligtly red on the edges. Any ideas?
You only choose LB and Wide when the video is encoded as 16:9. With 4:3 encoding you don't choose them. If your video is 16:9, open the M2V first. Then you choose a sub stream, and then after that you can choose LB and/or Wide.
When I try to use Muxman to mux it all together it says it can't proceed because of excessive bitrate. Is there any way around this? Lowering the video quality is not an option and should not be necessary, seeing as what I'm trying to work with is of course from a normal DVD. The only thing I'm trying to do is add english subtitles to a japanese DVD.
This guide ROCKS !!!
I am new to all or any of this. I have some avi with chinese sub. how do i convert that avi with the chinese sub. i tried using avitodvd as conversion tool. it does not recognize the chinese sub. I also tried using dvixtodvd. Dvixtodvd software has an option for different sub. languages. It did not work either. any advise would be great.
Cool guide, Bluedha!
Two suggestions: SubtitleCreator has a DVD wizard in the Tool menu, which uses PgcDemux and Muxman to create a new DVD with the new subtitle in one go, copying the original IFO color palette as well. However, you still need to do something with VobBlanker if you wish to keep the menu (the current option with BatchUpdateIFO doesn't really work).
My second suggestion is related to VobBlanker: the latest version has been improved a lot, and now it does allow you to copy the color palette, it fixes the VIDEO_TS and other IFO files, such that it is no longer necessary to use IfoEdit at all! An impressive achievement!
Title PGCs in IFO section: Check Clear audio/subs status when blanking/stripping
Replacing section: Check Fix elapsed time, copy PGC stream control, Copy VTS audio/subs.
I wanna watch a movie on Dvd but it doesn't have English Subtitle how can I watch that movie with english subtitle without shrinking or copying it to my hard drive ? | <urn:uuid:b7b9b45b-12e0-40b7-b203-cee3f8e2348e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://forum.videohelp.com/threads/217500-How-to-add-your-own-subtitle-to-DVD-%28keep-menu-multi-pgc%29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.914998 | 5,020 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Application, in particular, to samples of intensely flavoured products and to samples of very concentrated products. The principle consists in making a preperation which allows direct assessment of the organoleptic properties of a sample according to the analysis required, as follows: a) for assessment of the properties of the sample itself: mixing the sample with a chemically defined substance or addition to a food medium considered to be neutral; b) for assesment of the effects of the sample in a food preperation: adding the sample to the food preparation for which it is intended.
Текущий статус : PublishedДата публикации : 1982-09
Версия : 1
Технический комитет:Sensory analysis
Приобрести данный стандарт | <urn:uuid:1ea6a423-261f-417b-99b1-4535dddb74f8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://committee.iso.org/ru/standard/11543.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.777141 | 313 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Peter Augustus Jay and Mary Rutherfurd Clarkson
Peter Augustus Jay (January 24, 1776 – February 20, 1843) distinguished himself as a successful lawyer, anti-slavery advocate and philanthropist. He was the first child of John and Sarah Livingston Jay, one of 6 children and one of two boys – his brother William was born thirteen years after him in 1789. Three sisters survived into adulthood: Maria (b. 1782), Ann (b. 1783) and Sarah Louisa (b. 1792). A wealth of correspondence between these family members anchors many of the historical events we know today.
Peter was born at Liberty Hall in Elizabethtown, New Jersey in the same year as the independence. He lived with there with his grandfather William Livingston, the Governor of New Jersey and his grandmother Susannah French while his parents were abroad from 1779 to 1784. Predictably, his grandparents and aunts doted upon him in John and Sarah Jay’s absence.
Like his father, Peter excelled at his studies and eventually attended Columbia. Immediately following his graduation in 1794, he acted as private secretary to his father in London for the Jay Treaty – he would serve in this role as his father’s closest advisor for the rest of their lives. Upon his return , the young Jay studied law and established a practice in New York City with his cousin Peter Jay Munro, carrying on a family tradition of public service. At the age of 31, he married Mary Rutherfurd Clarkson, daughter of General Matthew Clarkson, in 1807 and they had 6 “handsome” daughters and two sons. (Photo – Portrait of Mary Rutherfurd Jay, Gift of Sharon and John Jay Du Bois)
John Jay to Peter Augustus Jay, March 16, 1797
“You would do well to assist your uncle in planting trees at Rye. There are places in several parts of the farm where I think it advisable to put Locust trees. As to our garden – the rows should be filled – and some elms should be planted – manage those matters as you please – the trouble shall be yours – the expenses mine.”
Ancestral Home Passes to Peter Augustus Jay
John Jay deeded the family’s country residence to his eldest son Peter in 1822 though original account records show that Peter was helping to manage the farm at his father’s instruction as early as 1797. Letters between the two demonstrate a love of the land and knowledge of horticulture. According to original account books, by 1814, Peter’s wife Mary Rutherfurd was handling household expenses for the Rye estate – from fuel to wages to groceries and “sundries” to facilitate entertaining family and friends. She consulted her uncle Rutherfurd for advice about building an icehouse.
In 1836, seven years after his father had died, Peter Augustus contracted with a builder, Edwin Bishop, to take down the failing farmhouse that had been barraged by the British during the Revolutionary War. Reusing structural elements from “The Locusts”, Bishop and his carpenters constructed the grand Greek Revival mansion that stands there today. Peter was charged with finding the fine marble mantelpieces for the house and Mary planned the gardens in English style.
Civic Advocacy and Philanthropy
Peter’s legal practice flourished, first with his cousin Peter Jay Munro and later with his mentee, then partner James I. Roosevelt. Other young attorneys like Hamilton Fish were trained in his office. His successful practice was primarily comprised of real estate transactions and litigation over mortgages and trusts as well as handling affairs for his father and family. One of the most famous cases of his career centered on a dispute over a will in which prominent lawyer John Leake left his fortune to a friend’s son, Robert Watts with the condition that the young man legally change his name to Leake or forfeit the sum and an orphange be built instead- Watts died before he could comply with the terms and the fortune went to the orphanage but not without a contest of the will first. Jay’s court victory proving the will was valid led to the creation of the largest charities of its time for children – this non-profit still exists today as a child care agency named Leake & Watts.
Peter Jay’s legal acumen complimented his business and charitable endeavors. From 1812 to 1817, Peter Augustus Jay helped found The Bank for Savings (thereby contributing to the establishment of the New York State savings bank system). As a Federalist, he was a member from New York City of the New York State Assembly in 1816, during which time he was active in arranging the financing for the construction of the Erie Canal. From 1819 to 1821, he served as Recorder of New York City and in 1828 helped found the New York Law Institute which today is the oldest law library in New York City.
His philanthropic work included terms as President of New York Hospital (1827–1833), Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Columbia University and Trustee of the General Theological Society. As President of the New York Historical Society (1840–1842) he realized early on that the printed record of the revolution held immeasurable importance and should be preserved. “A file of American newspapers is of far more value to our design than all the Byzantine histories” and so he donated a cache of his own accumulated pre- 1820 periodicals.
His associations with intellectual groups and pursuits were many – together with his father he enjoyed membership in the American Antiquarian Society and similarly with his own son John Clarkson he supported the New York Lyceum of Natural History (today’s New York Academy of Science).
Voting Suffrage for Freed African Americans
Peter Augustus Jay shared his father’s commitment to social justice and actively pursued greater rights for African Americans. In his commitment to reform, he served as President of the New York Manumission Society in 1816 and President of the New York Public School Society which was also anti-slavery and concerned with greater humanitarianism towards the poor.
Jay was well regarded as an orator. He is best known for giving a speech in 1821 at the New York State Constitutional Convention as a delegate representing Westchester County; he argued that the right to vote should be extended to free African Americans. Despite his impassioned argument, Jay’s motion for extending suffrage was overruled.
“Mr. Chairman, I would submit to the consideration of the committee whether the proposition of the gentleman from Saratoga is consistent with the Constitution of the United States. That instrument [the Constitution] provides that “citizens of each state shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states.”…….Now, sir, is not the right of suffrage a privilege? And can you deny it to the citizen of Pennsylvania, who comes here and complies with your laws, merely because he is not six feet high, or because he is of dark complexion?”
(JHC Collection – Am I Not A Brother Anti-Slavery Signet for Wax Seal)
Friendship with James Fenimore Cooper
The very fond friendship between James Fenimore Cooper and the Jay family is well documented. Cooper attended Yale briefly at the same time as John Jay’s youngest son, William, but he was also very good friends with Jay’s eldest son Peter Augustus, a friendship that by Cooper’s own account spanned 40 years. The two shared intellectual and cultural interests as founding members of the New-York Athenaeum in 1824. They also enjoyed lunches in the city through the “The Bread and Cheese Club” a short-lived but jovial literary society that Cooper also helped initiate about 1824 – other mutual friends included Samuel F. B. Morse, William Cullen Bryant and the painter John Wesley Jarvis.
In addition to serving as Cooper’s legal counsel from time to time, it was Peter Jay who helped “cater” a lavish farewell banquet for Cooper on May 30, 1826 together with Chancellor James Kent before the writer left for Europe with his family. Members of the club welcomed Cooper back in 1833 with yet another dinner invitation. But when he returned, Cooper’s instinct was to eschew most acquaintances for the company of the Jay family.
Peter Augustus Jay’s oldest daughter Anna Maria steps in to manage the Rye home after her mother’s death. In 1841 she marries Henry Evelyn Pierrepont “first citizen” of Brooklyn. Pierrepont is the oldest friend of Anna Maria’s brother-in-law, Henry Augustus DuBois and a frequent visitor to Rye dating back as early as 1834.
Their descendants will include diplomats, naval officers, photographers, art collectors, philanthropists and more.
(Portrait of Anna Maria Jay Pierrepont painted by Daniel Huntington; Gift of Mrs. Bennett Jack and Family)
Learn more about the Jay/Pierrepont Descendants here
Peter Augustus Jay dies in 1843. Upon learning of his death, members of the Philomathean Society, a literary and scientific society composed of free black New Yorkers, including Boston Crummell (father of W. E. B. DuBois mentor Alexander Crummell) black journalist Philip A. Bell, and abolitionist William A. Tyson gathered to pay tribute to a man who in their words had been “such a benefactor of our despised race.” They resolved to convey their condolences to his family and lamented that “In the demise of Peter Augustus Jay Esq., society has lost an invaluable member, humanity an undeviating advocate, the man of color a firm and tried friend, his country a true patriot and the world a philanthropist.” | <urn:uuid:5cb0e12c-890c-46b6-b445-6b77b6041ea2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jayheritagecenter.org/about/history-of-the-jay-estate/peter-augustus-jay-and-mary-rutherfurd-clarkson/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.974917 | 2,053 | 2.875 | 3 |
While enough condemnations pour in from abroad to fill a hot air balloon, multinational companies are sending a message to Myanmar’s bottom line while the public finds brave and creative ways to show they reject the military coup d’etat.
From Japanese firms suspending domestic operations to doctors and nurses holding a symbolic nationwide strike, a message is being sent to the newly installed junta that there will be consequences for overthrowing the government.
Myanmar’s grown to depend on growing foreign investment, so it was a blow when several Japanese manufacturers shut down their factories in response to Monday’s putsch.
One was auto giant Suzuki, which, through its domestic companies, has invested MMK153.5 billion (USD$114.2 million) in the country since 2013, building two factories. Its second plant opened about two years ago in the Thilawa Special Economic Zone on the outskirts of Yangon to meet increased local demand.
“We have not yet decided when we will resume production,” a company spokesman said Tuesday. Toyota, one of about 400 Japanese firms operating in Myanmar, said it was re-assessing plans to begin construction of its first plant in the country.
Suzuki was joined by Toyo Ink in suspending operations, while Toyota, one of about 400 Japanese firms operating in Myanmar, said it was re-assessing plans to build its first plant in the country.
Thailand’s largest industrial estate developer, the Amata Group, also suspended a project valued at USD$1 billion on concerns that international sanctions would drive foreign investors away.
Bad for health
Those fighting on the front lines to bring the COVID-19 pandemic to heel publicly rebuked the military by refusing to work today. Doctors, assistants, specialists, nurses, dentists and others pinned red ribbons to their smocks and walked out at more than 70 hospitals in more than 30 cities nationwide.
When the military relinquished power 10 years ago, few in Myanmar had internet. Now social media is the lifeblood of public discourse, and Myanmar’s netizens have been seething online, where hashtags such as #SayNototheCoup and #CivilDisobedience have been trending. Facebook groups such as Civil Disobedience Movement have been established to communicate and coordinate. People have been adding red frames to their profiles and posting fervent objections to the dictatorship. University student unions have been united in condemning the military’s actions.
Locked down but furious
— Min Ye Kyaw (@matthewcmli) February 2, 2021
The civilian government led by the National League for Democracy not only enjoyed a broad base of support, but its leader Aung San Suu Kyi is widely revered. Wide swathes of the public angry about the seizure of power showed their dissatisfaction last night by drumming tin cans and kitchenware from their homes last night, starting at 8pm.
Celebrity on the line
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While few famous figures have showed opposition to the dictatorship just across the border in Thailand, a slew of Myanmar’s household names have staked out their opposition.
Model-actor Paing Takhon was among those to don red and flash the three-finger Hunger Games salute popularized by Thai dissidents today. The growing trend also drew top model Nang Kae Mar.
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J-pop idol Morisaki Win, who is of Burmese descent, took a pic of ASSK arrest on public trains on his instagram story and urged people to keep the peace.
Ethnic factions reject coup
The leaders of 10 armed ethnic groups to sign ceasefire agreements issued a joint statement protesting the crisis created by the coup d’état. At a joint meeting yesterday, the secretary-general of the Karen National Union and others said the coup would not have a positive impact on the country.
“These leaders are not just ordinary leaders, they are representatives of our people, and their legitimacy lies behind the fact that the people voted for their NLD leaders on the basis that they can actively lead the cause of democracy,” Pado Pado Saw Ta Do Moo said.
The 10 groups called for the immediate and unconditional release of all detained civilian leaders. | <urn:uuid:e00a16fc-424d-4a90-812f-0d01c0849fbf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://coconuts.co/yangon/news/heres-who-is-standing-up-against-myanmars-coup/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.957253 | 892 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Is there a place in the universe where we can get away from the radiation that surrounds us? Certainly not on the surface of the planet. Not even in space, which is awash with diffuse radiation in the form of gamma rays and neutrinos, which is a source of confusion. Scientists have attempted to figure out where all of the gamma rays and neutrinos are coming from for decades. In a recent study, a team of researchers proposes a possible explanation for all of the radiation: resting black holes are the source of all of it.
Supermassive Black Holes (SMBH) are thought to exist in the center of every big galaxy, including the Milky Way, according to current theories. The radiation produced by the SMBHs can range throughout the whole electromagnetic spectrum, from radio waves to gamma rays, when they are actively accumulating materials. When this occurs, they are referred to be active galactic nuclei. But what about SMBHs that are deafeningly silent?
According to a recent research, even inactive SMBHs are capable of releasing gamma rays and neutrinos. The discovery contributes to the understanding of why the Universe is awash with energetic particles….
Specifically, “Soft gamma rays from low accreting supermassive black holes and their relation to energetic neutrinos” is the title of the study. Shigeo Kimura of Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan, is the primary author of the study, which was published in the journal Nature Communications last month.
Neutrinos are almost massless subatomic particles that are electrically neutral, which is how they got their name. They are nearly massless subatomic particles that are electrically neutral. This has resulted in a gravitational interaction that is close to zero, as well as no contact with the strong nuclear force. Despite the fact that they’re incredibly tough to detect, they’re now traveling through your body.
Gamma rays, on the other hand, are not difficult to detect in their natural environment. Photons of this energy are the most energetic photons in the Universe, and you definitely don’t want any of them going into your body. Among other things, they are released during the detonation of atomic bombs. Gamma rays with voltages in the gigaelectron range have been discovered by space-based detectors. You may also think of electron volt ranges as being orders of magnitude more energetic than visible light if electron volt ranges aren’t your thing.
Therefore, scientists have a great deal of knowledge regarding both neutrinos and gamma rays; they simply do not know where they all come from. It’s possible that this investigation may provide an answer. It is believed that the Universe is filled with a diffuse background of MeV gamma-rays and PeV neutrinos, the source of which is unknown. “In this paper, we offer a scenario that may account for both backgrounds at the same time,” the scientists wrote in their paper.
It is believed that scientists have discovered the source of strong background gamma-rays in the gigaelectron volt (GeV) to teraelectron volt (TeV) volt levels. AGNs and perhaps star-forming galaxies are the sources of these particles. However, the source of softer gamma rays, such as those in the megaelectron volt (MeV) range, is still a mystery. The same may be said for numerous neutrinos.
This article demonstrates that low-luminosity galactic nuclei might be responsible for both the neutrinos and the gamma rays observed in the universe.
With its tremendous mass and gravitational attraction, a black hole attracts stuff and forces it toward itself. It ultimately creates an accretion disk of whirling matter, and the matter falls into the black hole as a result of this process. When this occurs, a massive amount of gravitational energy is unleashed into the universe. This energy warms up the gas surrounding the hole, resulting in the formation of plasma. As a result of the insufficient cooling provided by the low-accreting black hole, the plasma’s temperature can reach tens of billions of degrees Celsius.
What occurs is that the plasma energises protons to a high degree of intensity. There is a possibility that they will attain energies 10,000 times greater than those achieved by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which is now our most powerful particle accelerator. In their interactions with matter and radiation, these high-speed protons result in the production of neutrinos. This may explain why neutrinos with greater energy ranges have been discovered in space.
Gamma rays are produced via a process that is similar to that of X-rays. As the electrons reach extremely high temperatures, they undergo a process known as Comptonization, which allows them to become effective generators of gamma rays in the MeV range.
As a result, neutrinos and gamma rays can be produced by the high-temperature plasma that surrounds silent black holes. However, despite the fact that these sorts of black holes are faint and difficult to detect, there are numerous examples. It’s plausible to believe that they could account for background radiation in the form of gamma rays and neutrinos, among other things.
However, this is only a suggested process. There isn’t any clear evidence at this time. What is the source of this money?
Most of our gamma-ray detectors aren’t tuned to the MeV frequency since they’re too expensive. They have been programmed to operate at greater energy levels. In order to identify several signals, the scientists developed what they call a “multimessenger” detector. That is a detector that can detect both gamma rays and neutrinos at the same time, as long as they are in the appropriate energy ranges. Proposed missions such as e-ASTROGAM, the All-sky Medium Energy Gamma-ray Observatory (AMEGO), and the Gamma-Ray and AntiMatter Survey (GRAMS) are expected to be of assistance. | <urn:uuid:cebf70f3-7a40-4399-a9a0-7545c0339fe7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://neutrino-science.com/even-the-most-inconspicuous-supermassive-black-holes-are-emitting-neutrinos-and-gamma-rays-into-space/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.945118 | 1,254 | 3.84375 | 4 |
Nearly three-quarters of the Polish pilots served in 11 Group, and, at the height of the Battle, they constituted 10 percent of the Group’s total strength. On 15 September 1940, now celebrated as ‘Battle of Britain Day’, one in five of the pilots in action was Polish.
How many Polish pilots were in the Battle of Britain?
Polish Pilots During the Battle of Britain
A total of 145 experienced and battle-hardened Polish airmen fought in the Battle of Britain – 79 airmen in various RAF squadrons, 32 in No. 302 (Polish) Fighter Squadron and 34 in No. 303 (Polish) Fighter Squadron.
What nationality were the pilots in the Battle of Britain?
During the Battle of Britain one fifth of Fighter Command’s aircrew came from overseas and 16 nations were represented in its squadrons. A total of 126 New Zealanders, 98 Canadians, 33 Australians and 25 South Africans participated. They were joined by three Rhodesians, a Jamaican, a Barbadian and a Newfoundlander.
How many Polish pilots were in the RAF in ww2?
A total of 145 Polish fighter pilots served in the RAF during the Battle of Britain, making up the largest non-British contribution. By the end of the war, around 19,400 Poles were serving in the Polish Air Force in Great Britain and in the RAF.
How good were the Polish pilots in the Battle of Britain?
Overall the Squadron scored nearly three times the number of kills of the average British fighter squadron with one third the casualty rate. In fact, the Polish record was so impressive that Stanley Vincent, the RAF commander of the base at Northolt, took it upon himself to verify their claims.
Did the Polish won the Battle of Britain?
The first Polish victory came on 19 July 1940 when Pilot Officer Antoni Ostowicz of No. 145 Squadron shared in the destruction of a Heinkel He 111. Sadly, on 11 August, he became the first of his countrymen to be killed in the Battle. The first victory by a national unit – a Junkers Ju 88 – was achieved by No.
How many planes did the Polish shoot down in the Battle of Britain?
Once committed to action, the Poles flew and fought superbly, shooting down 203 enemy aircraft for the loss of 29 pilots killed.
Did England help Poland in ww2?
They were loyal allies to the British. They suffered terrible losses.” Britain was bound to defend Poland from attack by Germany in a mutual pact of loyalty between the two nations signed in August 1939. After their troops could not hold off the German invasion, much of the Polish military came to Britain to re-group.
Which British pilot shot down the most planes in ww2?
“Bob” Braham brought down 29 enemy aircraft during WWII.
How many Czech pilots fought in the Battle of Britain?
At the start of the battle, the Czechs were distributed throughout already established Fighter Command squadrons. However, they were given their own squadron – 310. In total 84 Czechs fought in the Battle of Britain and they gained a reputation for aggressive aerial combat.
How many pilots are left from the Battle of Britain?
There are now just two surviving Battle of Britain pilots left. Farnes, a Hurricane pilot, was the last surviving ace, an accolade referring to those who brought down at least five enemy planes. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Medal, the highest honour in the air force for non-officers.
How many German planes were lost in the Battle of Britain?
More than 1700 Luftwaffe (German air force) planes were destroyed. The 2662 German casualties included many experienced aircrew, and the Luftwaffe never fully recovered from the reverse it suffered in August-October 1940. The Royal Air Force (RAF) lost 1250 aircraft, including 1017 fighters.
Did Poland have tanks in ww2?
The TK-3 (TK) and TKS light turretless reconnaissance tanks, commonly called tankettes (in Polish: tankietka), were the most numerous armoured vehicles of the Polish Army at the outbreak of World War II in September 1939. Their number of over 500 vehicles constituted formally a significant tank force.
Who was the best pilot in the Battle of Britain?
|1||Flt Lt Eric Lock||United Kingdom|
|2||Sqn Ldr Archie McKellar||United Kingdom|
|3||Sgt James Lacey||United Kingdom|
|4||Sgt Josef František||Czechoslovakia|
What happened to the Polish 303 Squadron?
No. 303 Squadron RAF was formed in July 1940 in Blackpool, England before deployment to RAF Northolt on 2 August as part of an agreement between the Polish Government in Exile and the United Kingdom. It had a distinguished combat record and was disbanded in December 1946.
Who was the highest scoring pilot of the Battle?
The highest scoring ace of the war is considered to be the Soviet pilot Nikolai Sutyagin who claimed 22 kills. | <urn:uuid:0136cc00-79b5-4397-b4dc-47ab5876ed1d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://manxvoice.com/what-to-see/what-percentage-of-pilots-in-the-battle-of-britain-were-polish.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.975205 | 1,068 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Understanding how our past family dynamics contribute to the development of certain behavioral patterns is important so we can choose how to respond in adulthood.
As children, these patterns or tendencies are often adaptive, helping us both survive and learn how to have our needs met.
However, those same patterns can later cause problems in adulthood (unhealthy family dynamics), such as creating challenges in our relationships or difficulties in the ability to express our emotions.
Becoming aware of how we are shaped and influenced by past family dynamics allows us to move from habit to choice.
We can choose which tendencies from our past we’d like to maintain and let go of those that no longer serve us.
So what are the early roots of some of our patterns, and how do we identify them?
Focusing on specific behaviors and tendencies that emerged from our families of origin offers opportunities for self-reflection.
To consider how these patterns might operate in your life and foster curiosity about how these patterns do or don’t serve you — some key questions for self-reflection are included.
The goal is not for you to develop an exhaustive list of all of the ways in which you were affected by your families of origin, but rather to equip you with a process of self-reflection.
This will enable you to move from a place of conditioned response to one of intentional choice.
These types of family dynamics operate on a continuum.
You could be high, low or moderate in any one particular area, and none of these tendencies or patterns is mutually exclusive.
We can all have elements of some of these patterns in different situations with different people, including tendencies that seem somewhat contradictory or opposite.
>> Consider your responses to the following types of family dynamics as a springboard for your self-inquiry in better understanding the influence of your family of origin.
There are two ends of the spectrum when it comes to conflict resolution.
We have family systems that tend to be high in conflict. This can include arguing caregivers who may be very strict or reactive.
When children make mistakes or are perceived as not behaving, family members feel as though they are “walking on eggshells.”
There can also be a certain level of unpredictability as well as verbal and emotional abuse, physical abuse, and aggression.
In these family dynamics, conflict might be avoided, and the importance of agreement with each other may be overemphasized.
This can often lead to a sense as though there’s an elephant in the room that no one’s talking about.
Minimal displays of emotion, whether emotions we consider as more positive as well as more negative, are common.
Depending on how your family of origin is related to conflict, certain tendencies can emerge.
One is more of a peacemaker tendency. As a child, you may have played an intermediary role, often trying to translate or explain what different members of the family might have meant when they said certain things.
Also, you may have attempted to soothe the tension and help resolve the conflict.
This kind of peacemaker tendency can be really helpful. People who develop these skills in childhood can be very good at seeing and acknowledging multiple perspectives and can be very well equipped at validating those different perspectives and helping people feel understood.
At the same time, those who have a peacemaker tendency can tend to focus on others at the expense of themselves when it comes to conflict, minimizing their own needs for the sake of group cohesion and harmony.
Depending on where a family falls on the conflict resolution spectrum, patterns with a more argumentative tendency can emerge.
If you grow up in a high-conflict family system, you may be conditioned to be more high conflict; you may have a tendency to participate in the high-conflict resolution style that has been modeled to you.
Perhaps you’re very quick to react, and it takes you some time to cool off. A high state of conflict may feel normative to you.
This more argumentative tendency can be helpful by empowering people to feel emboldened to challenge the status quo. Feeling confident in playing the devil’s advocate and disrupting certain systems or rules can lead to a level of questioning that can result in change.
We can fall into a trap of challenging just for the sake of challenging even if we’re not truly invested in a particular point of view.
Because the act of challenging is a place of comfort, it helps us feel in control. And if we tend to respond with a lot of reactivity and defensiveness, we can perpetuate conflict in our personal relationships and elicit defensiveness in others.
This can lead to distancing and disconnection in our relationships.
All of these questions are useful in thinking about your current responses to conflict and how your family dynamics roles of the past may influence your present behavior.
Growing up in a family dynamic with a high level of criticism means we may have internalized a message that criticism makes us stronger, or that criticism is a way of showing love and is a way of getting your needs met.
This type of family dynamic can lead to a lot of guilt and shame in response to making mistakes.
These family systems can vary in terms of the type of criticism and the way it’s delivered.
There can also be criticism that isn’t really intended to hurt or to criticize but does nonetheless.
So it’s important to consider some of the nuances that exist within the dynamic of high criticism.
A family member might say something like…
“Oh, I really wish you hadn’t done that” with an exasperated voice.
The result: This can be experienced as enormously critical and invalidating to a child.
Having a high level of criticism in your family dynamics can develop certain behaviors, such as…
Being an overachiever can be helpful in creating ambition, a willingness to work hard and a focus on achievement.
However, on the flip side, it can be unhelpful.
Overachievers tend to fill their schedules, feeling more comfortable with a lot of action and less comfortable with downtime.
Very full schedules can lead to burnout and make it hard to rest or be still.
The tendency to overachieve may result in perfectionistic traits.
We can also have low self-worth and tie our worth to our achievements, which is very fragile because we’re not always successful.
Another pattern is that we might seek out criticism without necessarily being aware of doing so.
We may find ourselves more comfortable with a high level of criticism because we’re used to it, and even though it’s harmful, it feels more comfortable.
We also may not trust relationships in which people are not critical, and some insecurity can develop when criticism isn’t present.
Those who were raised in highly critical family systems may have self-invalidating tendencies or tendencies towards low self-worth and low self-confidence — because we have internalized criticism from our families of origin.
Many of us have grown up in family systems with a more inhibited relationship to emotions, including…
A low intensity of emotions may be expressed and an internal processing of emotions emphasized. Or perhaps emotions are fully suppressed — even when there is significant grief or trauma.
Having an inhibited way of experiencing emotions can become protective, especially if the expression of emotions was punished, ridiculed, or created an unsafe physical or emotional situation in our families.
On the other hand, it can be unhelpful:
By contrast, some family systems are highly expressive of emotions, including families rewarding intense displays of affection or emotion.
These systems may also emphasize the importance of talking about emotions to process situations involving family members.
This more emotive style can be helpful by:
Lastly, if we grow up in family dynamics that are highly expressive but our natural tendency is to be shy or more inhibited with our emotions — we can feel like an outsider as if something is wrong with us.
This is because there’s a poor fit between our natural tendency and what is normal in our family system.
As adults, this can make it difficult to accept and trust ourselves as well as our relationships.
Whether caregivers are absent because they are distracted, they work a lot, they are very self-focused or they are neglectful, the impact can be similar.
In this type of family dynamic, we can develop a tendency towards caregiving.
We can lean towards taking control in situations, caring for others and developing an acute sensitivity and awareness of other people’s needs and emotions.
This can be helpful because it can lead to a nurturing, compassionate and inclusive style in which we’re very considerate of others and sensitive to their needs.
However, we can also be so vigilant to other people’s emotions that we don’t really consider our own needs, and we can have a hard time in situations when others don’t need our help.
So this type of pattern can create a need to be needed, and we can tie our worth to our ability to take care of others and feel bad when we can’t.
This family dynamic can also lead to:
In family systems with absent caregivers, it’s important to also highlight the impact of grief and stress on the system.
With this type of toxic family dynamic, one kind of pattern that can emerge is a tendency towards optimism, lightheartedness and a sense of humor.
This tendency can be a powerful antidote to grief and stress, allowing us to be resilient and to recognize that, even in the midst of grief and stress, there is room for joy.
People with this tendency can also have a certain positivity and optimism when dealing with difficult situations, and they can have a basic trust that things are going to be okay even if they are extremely challenging.
This optimism and lightheartedness can also lead to some harmful tendencies, resulting in a kind of toxic positivity and self-invalidation that prevents us from acknowledging hardships.
We can also be overly forgiving of other people in a way that allows them to take advantage us.
Family secrets could be centered on sexual abuse and other kinds of abuse, or not sharing with others that there is addiction or mental health struggles in the family.
Or there could be secrets related to unhappiness in a marriage, such as infidelity, or other forms of dishonesty within the family.
When we keep secrets, the utility is that other people view us as loyal and trustworthy; we can be very effective confidants.
By contrast, when we’ve grown up with the message that certain things cannot be revealed, a sense of shame can be fostered.
We may find it difficult to be vulnerable, emphasizing the importance of hiding feelings or certain behaviors in fear of a negative consequence.
This increases anxiety and discomfort about people knowing who we truly are. We can also become very sensitive to our perceptions that others are lying to us and become hypervigilant to signs of dishonesty.
And when someone does actually lie to us or misrepresent something, a very deep core wound can be activated. Families with secrets and betrayals can also lead us to a sense of being an imposter and being inauthentic.
Family systems with secrets can also lead to a truth-telling tendency, a tendency to call it like it is. This can be really helpful because it can engender trust. When we know someone is willing and able to be honest with us, our ability to trust is enhanced.
However, growing up with so much secrecy can also create a need to rail against that dynamic, and we can be overly blunt.
We can sometimes harshly give advice and feedback when it’s not solicited, and we can be intolerant when it’s hard for others to be candid or fully honest.
This could be a toxic family dynamic with relentless stressors.
Maybe it’s caused by financial instability or due to abuse, whether it’s a caregiver or another family member perpetrating the abuse.
Or maybe a caregiver has a history of unresolved abuse or trauma, resulting in a certain level of chaos and unpredictability.
High levels of crisis and chaos could also be the result of addiction, mental health issues, serious medical conditions, gambling, or parents who are very temperamental and emotionally unpredictable.
Another way in which this family dynamic can play out is in a more solitude-seeking tendency. If we grow up in an environment with a lot of crisis, chaos and unpredictability, we may then respond by wanting low crisis, low chaos and lots of predictability.
That may mean an abundance of solitude and stillness.
We may be very independent and comfortable being alone; we can find restoration and relaxation in quiet and stillness.
On the other hand, this tendency can be unhelpful if it leads us to withdraw and isolate, not trusting that others will be there for support.
We can also be overly reliant on ourselves, believing that others aren’t going to be there for us, which can lead to ambivalence about relationships or difficulty being vulnerable.
None of us are immune to the effects of our families of origin.
We all have certain patterns or tendencies that emerged and were reinforced by our family systems.
And though these patterns or tendencies served an important function, there may be ways in which they are no longer adaptive or helpful.
When we can recognize why they existed and how they emerged, we can have more self-compassion for ourselves, which enables us to transform and make changes in our lives.
This process of self-inquiry about our family dynamics can promote that understanding, allowing us to move from habit to choice.
To find support and help you navigate the complexity of your family dynamics, learn more about my 1on1 coaching program.
If you’d like to delve deeper into an understanding and awareness of family dynamics — and their role in shaping your current behavior listen to the full podcast episode…
As a holistic coach, psychologist, mindfulness, meditation & yoga instructor, & Ayurvedic doula I offer personalized paths to growth & healing. | <urn:uuid:cfc477ba-b6c3-4bb7-9a37-dc97adb60926> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://melissafoynes.com/types-of-family-dynamics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.952482 | 2,928 | 2.796875 | 3 |
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