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I’d like to add a light to my fan that can be controlled separate of the fan. There are only 3 wires in the box to the fan. Black (hot), White, and ground. The black is off when the wall switch is off when the fan is connected. The light is dim when the fan is not at 100%. I was going to use a Lightify light bulb to be able to control the light remotely. Problem is it needs power all the time.
So I was thinking I could remove the current wall switch and wire it so that it was always on, and replace it with a z-wave scene controller. I would then use a micro dimmer for the fan and have the Lightify light on all the time.
Problem is I don’t know of any micro dimmers that can safely operate a fan. @TheSmartestHouse, any suggestions?
Hi Scott, as @Barkis mentioned, you definitely can’t use a dimmer to operate a fan. A micro motor controller and a micro dimmer for the light could work if installed and connected to appropriate loads but it depends on the specs for your fan, you would have to compare them against the Aeon Labs or Zipato micro motor controllers:
Hi Scott, that’s the thing, these micro switches are designed to control shutters and blinds, not fans. So in theory, they could work with small fans, but we’ve never tried it and don’t usually recommend it. If you can separate light and motor wires, we would recommend using the GE12730 which is a dedicated fan motor switch. It does NOT control light however and this is your primary need right now. It’s a good idea for a new device and we’ll start developing it but for now, it seems like there is not a good solution we can offer…
You need to read the first couple post in this topic:
Specifically @dalec reply which is the 3rd post. (I think)
I did something similar. I think I put a GE 12722 light switch in the wall and the GE fan switch 12730 stuffed inside the fan shroud/ box in the overhead. Has worked very well. Just have to use a phone or another device to control fan. I use our echo 90% of the time.
It’s going to depend on how you end up setting up your light and fan. Some people control the light from the wall and some control the fan. Others do it just the opposite. You will need to see what wiring options you have and then decide which way works best for you. I did not use a Micro switch to control the light.
I set mine up so the light was controlled by the switch since that is what we use the most on that specific fan / light combination. If it were say my living room one it would be the opposite way for me since in there we use the fan more that the light.
To answer your question about other ways to control the hidden switch be it fan or light. Yes you can use other switches battery or whatever to control it. We have Minimotes that we currently use to control both the light and the fan speed from one remote. You could also use a battery operated switch to tell smart things you want to change the light or fan. In turn your settings in smart things would perform the function.
There is a lot of different ways to go about this and everyone has their personal preference. Somewhere else on another topic @JDRoberts gave me an example of a good battery switch that mounts on the wall. I’ll try to find that and post it here if he doesn’t beat me to it.
Just remember you HAVE to have a fan controller for the fan. A regular dimmer will not work for the fan. You can use a regular dimmer for your light just not the fan.
Either way your going to have to do more wiring than just connecting the wires where the old switch use to be. If you are not comfortable doing this or able to safely. I HIGHLY recommend hiring an electrician.
Many choices for possible wall mount controllers in the following thread:
Just remember that if you do choose a battery operated controller, you will not be able to turn the fan on or off if the smartthings service is not available. So you may want to leave a secondary method of control to deal with Internet or smartthings outages.
Good news and bad news. Using this method worked and does exactly what I want to do. GE Fan controller wired into fan box. I’m using a Lightify Bulb so no need for a micro dimmer for the light. Replaced the GE Fan Dimmer that used to be mounted on the wall (no in light) with a regular On/Off on the wall. It needs to be in the On position at all times, but toggling it Off then On, allows me to turn on the Lightify Light without a remote.
Problem is the fan cover is too small to fit a large dimmer switch inside it. The WAF is 0 for a large dangling switch and exposed wires above the fan.
I had kinda the same issue. It was a VERY TIGHT fit with the switch. I had to bend the metal heat sync some to get it in above the fan mount in the box. It was not easy but I got it in there. I believe I had to actually have some one hold the fan out of the way. Then set it back in the holder.
It has worked great since I put it in.
Now I think about it some. I might have even taken the fan mount down some and pushed it all in there. The screwed fan mount back on and put fan in and wired the fan and light back up. Was a pain in the ARSE but with it when it worked.
@Scott_Barton Just like Don mentions I had the same issue and ended up bending the corners of the heat sinks with some pliers to make it fit in the fan ceiling cover. BUT don’t forget to try to fit it up inside the gangbox in the ceiling first. I couldn’t do that with mine because mine is mounted using a pancake flat ceiling fan box directly to a ceiling joist.
Here is an idea, go by your local home improvement store and look at the ceiling fans with large base covers. If you find a big one that will fit then you can contact the manufacturer for the one piece as a repair part. Also another option then is to even replace the existing ceiling box with a larger capacity box that is rated to hold ceiling fans so that you could put the switch up in there. Of course the best option to help with WAF is purchasing a new ceiling fan that she always wanted (with a big enough base to hide the switch in so you need to do your homework first) … that is what I did.
The SC7 basically works like a minimote. It is not controlling the current to the fan itself. It sends an instruction to the hub which sends an instruction to whatever network device you have that is controlling the current to the fan.
If you put the GE fan controller up in the canopy, you could put the SC7 on the wall and it would just be like any of the other button/remote options at that point. But you can’t use the SC7 instead of the GE fan controller, because it’s not able to directly control the fan.
Right, so what I’m wondering is, is there a way to bump up the power level. In the ST, app there is a slider that allows you to control the power level. In Smart Apps, you can turn on and set level (in 10% increments).
What I would like is an app that when you push a button, it increase the current level by 10%. Ie The fan is at 30%. I hit the button, it goes up to 40%, I hit it again, it goes to 50% one more time, it goes to 60%, etc. | <urn:uuid:8674dfac-8b4e-4b99-bd1e-a7220d7ce210> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://community.smartthings.com/t/micro-dimmer-that-works-with-a-fan/59402/7 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.950363 | 1,682 | 1.703125 | 2 |
28 No. 3
by Jiming Wang
After the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the country’s petrochemical industry started from scratch but developed fast. Due to dramatic growth, particularly in the two decades since opening to the outside world, China has become one of the major petrochemical producers.
By the end of 2004, China’s primary crude distillation capacity had reached 315 million metric tonnes per year (mmtpa) (second worldwide), ethylene production had reached 6.085 mmtpa (third worldwide), synthetic resin 19.50 mmtpa (second worldwide), synthetic fiber 13.10 mmtpa (first worldwide), and synthetic rubber 1.39 mmtpa (fourth worldwide). In 2004, China’s refining throughput totaled 270 million tonnes, with 160 million tonnes of gasoline, diesel, and kerosene products, meeting domestic demand both in volume and in quality. Ethylene production in 2004 was 6.27 million tonnes, satisfying 38.5 percent of direct and indirect needs for ethylene.
The reform and restructuring of the Chinese economy initiated in 1998 led to the establishment of several dominant state-owned enterprises in different sectors of the petrochemical industry, thus creating an interim system and mechanism for a future market economy. SINOPEC and China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), ranked 31st and 46th respectively in Fortune 500 for 2004, are a testimony to the increasing competitive power of state-owned enterprises.
In recent years, restructuring and technology advances have intensified in China’s petrochemical industry, with improved industry layout and expanded scale. The construction of world-scale refineries with integrated refining and chemical operations has been accelerated, with eight refineries reaching ten-million-tonne capacity, including Zhenhai, Dalian, and Maoming. A number of refining and chemical complexes have been developed, such as Yanshan Petrochemical, Shanghai Petrochemical, Yangzi Petrochemical, and Daqing Petrochemical. The completion of joint ventures with YPC-BASF, SECCO, and CNOOC-SHELL for ethylene production will further optimize the industry layout and product mix, gradually increasing industry concentration. Through increasing investment and technology revamping, China has been able to improve the quality of its refined oil products, narrowing the gap between domestic and international standards. On 1 July 2005 China implemented a nationwide automotive gasoline standard equivalent to Euro II. In addition, Beijing has started to apply the Euro III-equivalent standard for auto-use gasoline and diesel.
Years of unremitting research and development efforts have enabled China to develop its own technology leading to intellectual property rights in a number of core technologies. A series of unique refining technologies, including heavy oil catcracking, hydrocracking, hydrofining, residue hydrotreating, and hydro-upgrading, have been successfully developed and deployed. In chemical production, improvements have been developed and commercialized in ethylene cracking; in the production of acrylonitrile, ethylbenzene/styrene, polypropylene, SSBR [Solution Styrene Butadiene Rubber], and SBS [Styrene Butadiene Styrene]; in toluene disproportionation and transalkylation, aromatics extraction, and C5 extraction. Some of these improved technologies have also been licensed overseas. China is now 85 percent self-sufficient in manufacturing and supplying catalysts for refining and chemicals.
Petrochemical Technology—The Current Situation in China
China has made remarkable progress in petrochemical technology along with its industrial development. For more than 50 years, especially since the establishment of the former China Petrochemical Corporation in 1983, a technology R&D system has existed that integrates research institutes, colleges and universities, and industrial enterprises. Guided by the motto "Prosper the Petrochemical Industry, Science and Technology Take the Lead," technological innovation was promoted based on licensed foreign technologies and a large number of patented technologies subsequently developed in China. This drive toward innovation has strongly bolstered China’s petrochemical industry and is constantly driving it forward.
Through R&D and innovation, China has developed unique processes and catalyst technologies for clean fuels production, heavy and sour crude processing, and integration of refining and chemical production. China is also capable of building refineries with ten-million-tonne capacities with the self-developed technologies and equipment.
In clean fuels production, China has improved not only the conventional hydrocracking and hydrotreating technologies, but also a series of desulfurization and olefin reduction technologies for catalytic gasoline. These include medium-pressure hydro-upgrading and hydrotreating for diesel fuel; catalysts for diesel hydrotreating; new technologies for FCC [fluid catalytic cracking] gasoline desulphurization, such as FCC gasoline selective HDS [hydro desulfurization], FCC gasoline HDS, and olefin removal; flexible FCC gasoline olefin removal technologies and a supplemental reactor for upgrading and olefin removal; and a series of catalysts and co-catalysts that reduce the olefin content in FCC gasoline for the production of cleaner burning fuels. These technologies are helping to meet the goal of providing high-quality clean fuels for the 2008 Beijing Olympics and 2010 Shanghai World Expo.
In residue processing, improved technologies include residue catcracking, hydrotreating, and decoking. The self-developed Daqing vacuum residue FCC encompasses several leading technologies, lifting the ratio of vacuum residue in FCC feed to as high as 85 percent, or even 100 percent in some cases. This achievement allows China to process heavy crude and to utilize the residue resources. In addition, the patented fix-bed residue hydrotreating technology and relevant catalysts can effectively remove sulfur, nitrogen, and metals in the residue and fully convert sulfur-containing residue. Its successful commercialization marks a breakthrough in China’s sour-crude processing technology, enabling China to process imported high-sulfur crude. Self-developed processes and catalysts for residue hydrotreating account for more than 90 percent of the market share in China.
In refining and chemical integration, a series of technologies for maximum chemical feedstock production have been developed, such as DCC (catcracking for maximum propylene production), maximum gasoline and LPG production, maximum iso-olefin production, maximum iso-paraffin production, hydrocracking to produce high-quality feedstock for reforming and cracking, and low-pressure combination-bed catalytic reforming for aromatics.
Improvements to other refining technologies, such as isomerization, hydrogenation, sulfur recovery, and technologies for high-class lubricants and asphalt have been developed. The Great Wall premium-quality lubricant was used in China’s Shengzhou V Spaceship, and Donghai high-class asphalt was used in the Shanghai International Circuit’s Formula-1 race track.
Through intensified technology transfer and innovation, China has developed and commercialized many patented chemical technologies, some of which have been licensed to overseas markets.
With respect to basic organic feedstock, ethylene, butadiene, toluene disproportionation and transalkylation, and ethyl benzene/styrene technologies have been developed. The self-developed ethylene cracker, which is widely commercialized in China, achieves world-leading marks on technical and economic indices. The jointly-developed 100 kta cracker with ABB Lummus has been widely applied. The self-developed complete ethylene technology proved successful in revamping and expanding Tianjin and Zhongyuan ethylene facilities, demonstrating that China is able to build large-scale ethylene facilities independently with its own technologies.
With respect to other organic feedstock, acrylonitrile, purified terephthalic acid, cumene, caprolactam, ethylene glycol, and C5 extraction technologies have been developed. For caprolactam, China has developed and commercialized cyclohexane biomimetic catalytic oxidation, cyclohexanone oximation, and a magnetic stabilized fluid bed caprolactam purification process. This is the only brand new caprolactam process in the world.
In synthetic materials, loop-process polypropylene [PP], SBS/SSBR technologies have been developed and N catalyst for PP and SBS technology have been transferred overseas. N catalysts and NG catalysts for PP have been applied to large-, medium-, and small-scale PP facilities in China, delivering international-level performance.
China has developed a number of technologies for catalyst manufacturing. Catalyst technologies for catcracking, hydrofining, hydrocracking, residue hydrotreating, catalytic reforming, PP, polyethylene, ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol, AN, toluene disproportionation, and transalkylation have reached world-leading levels. Presently, 85 percent of the catalysts, solvents, and agents used in refining and chemical enterprises are domestically manufactured and supplied, with some exported as well.
Prospects for China’s Petrochemical Technology
China has clearly developed a blueprint for constructing a moderately prosperous society in the first two decades of this century. Guided by this blueprint, China’s goal is to sustain its healthy and fast economic growth, which should translate into sustained demand growth and huge potential for petrochemicals and other energy-related raw materials. This in turn will encourage the development of core and proprietary petrochemical technologies in the following areas.
1. China should further develop deep processing through innovation, such as hydrocracking, to increase product yield, to efficiently utilize this valuable crude resource, and convert it into transport fuels and chemical feedstock to the maximum extent possible. Clean-fuels production technologies should be developed to make it possible to meet the clean-fuels production requirements while using increasing amounts of low-cost feedstock. The target is to implement Euro III equivalent auto-use gasoline and diesel standards in China in 2010.
2. China should develop maximum low-carbon olefin and aromatics production technologies, utilizing the synergy of integrated refining and chemical operation. The refining industry should be restructured to revamp existing enterprises and increase their scale and integration. China should increase the number of ten-million-tonne capacity refineries and mega-tonne ethylene crackers in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Bohai Bay area, tapping the synergy of integration and optimization and improving competitive power.
3. The target for petrochemical technology development should be to address the needs of economic development. Therefore, ethylene and polyolefin technologies and other core and proprietary technologies should be intensely developed to reach world-leading levels, enabling the construction of large ethylene sites and major chemical complexes. New product development and product mix restructuring should be market oriented. While increasing production volume, the industry should also develop new products, upgrade product quality, increase the proportion of high-end products such as performance compounds of synthetic resins, and differential synthetic fibers, so as to sharpen its competitive edge in the marketplace.
4. China should comprehensively improve the industry’s automation, optimize facilities in real time, and widely promote network technology. Petrochemical enterprises should implement enterprise resource planning and other IT construction measures, thus integrating human resources, operation management, and technology and optimizing information flow, materials flow, and cash flow. In this way, IT can strongly support the enterprise’s operations and decision-making processes and facilitate the intelligence and modernization of the enterprise.
5. China should develop and promote efficient technologies and low pollution emissions. The industry should limit the generation of pollution at the source, increase production of clean fuels and green petrochemicals, and strengthen the control and recycling of pollutants.
Only with constant innovation can we succeed in developing new petrochemical technologies and meeting the changing and ever-higher requirements of the world economy and international community. As China’s petrochemical enterprises pursue innovation, they seek to enhance the exchange and collaboration with international peers. We are committed to the harmonized development of the human society and our globe.
*This paper is based on the author’s plenary lecture presented at the 40th IUPAC Congress in Beijing, China on 15 August 2005.
Jiming Wang is vice chairman of the Board of Directors and President of SINOPEC, Corp., China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation.
last modified 10 January 2007.
Copyright © 2003-2007 International Union of Pure and
Questions regarding the website, please contact [email protected] | <urn:uuid:7fa8177f-79aa-4dd4-a509-ca42a3102207> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rsync.iupac.org/publications/ci/2006/2803/1_wang.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.914555 | 2,629 | 2.375 | 2 |
The world is changing. Perhaps September 11 prompted this transformation, or maybe that day just put it in better light. It doesn't really matter. Either way, these changes have arrived, and as the world's only superpower, America is in the center of it all.
These changes do not simply contain the growing threat of terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, although these issues are of course well associated. It includes another aspect, frequently overlooked but vastly important. This is the changing dynamic of world power. The current rift growing between the American-British and Franco-German alliances over war in Iraq is just the tip of the iceberg. The changing dynamic will decide in what state the United Nations, the European Union, and NATO will all continue (or won't continue) to exist. They way things seem to be playing out now, there are two fronts to the issue: Europe and the Middle East.
They way the dust settles in Iraq will have a profound effect on how things play out in Europe. Yesterday, America presented the U.N. Security Council with a second resolution essentially to authorize war in Iraq, putting France to the test. Although Germany is guaranteed to support Saddam, the veto-wielding France will decide whether America has U.N. approval or goes it "alone" (having only the support of Australia, Canada, and the 18 European countries that have pledged their allegiance in writing). In previous articles, I have explained how this vote may define the future of the U.N. I have also said that this war will happen either way; America will win, begin to rebuild Iraq, and evidence of Saddam's weapons will be found. Only then will the E.U. realize that it never really finished defining itself. Britain, joined by the increasingly pro-American Eastern European bloc, will question whether it is such a good idea to have President Chirac of France and Chancellor Schroeder of Germany running the show, after all the fuss they caused over Iraq. Whoever emerges as the E.U.'s heavyweights will greatly affect American-European relations for the future.
Turning to the Middle East, America currently finds itself in a very interesting position, one that has the potential to slide in either direction quickly. No Arab country is looking forward to war in Iraq, but that is more out of distrust of America than support for Saddam. If this war is bloody and long with many civilian casualties, and if the U.S. doesn't sufficiently rebuild Iraq while maintaining its Arab and Muslim heritage, then it will be a failure. One American-hating dictator will be removed, but three more will be created and Al Qaeda will find many new recruits. This war will provide many opportunities for positive change as long as it is swift and causes as little suffering as possible. If the people of Iraq are given humanitarian aid, and if a government is set up and funded so as to give Iraq the means and potential to become a prosperous state, only then will America have succeeded. The message we send will exclaim that America does not have goals of colonizing the Middle East, stealing its oil, and imposing Western culture. America's war against Saddam was not a war against Islam, but a war against an enemy of Islam. This message would give confidence to other reform movements (for example in Iran) that they have allies, and that America will support them. In addition to showing the Arab world that America can be an ally, we will have also shown that any other Saddam-wannabes will not be tolerated, in the Arab world or beyond. It seems likely that after Saddam's crushing defeat, Iran would be more likely to cede to international requests to halt its nuclear ambitions, and that North Korea will be more likely to sit at the negotiating table.
Taking a step back, aggressive but completely necessary U.S. foreign policy after September 11 has given the world the jitters. However, America has the opportunity now to show that this policy is not enforced blindly but with calculated precision and with goals of peace and worldwide human rights. Europe must decided whether it is with America or against it because after Iraq, the war on terrorism will continue, and if the E.U. ties itself in a knot every time, its influence will quickly diminish.
The manner in which America proceeds with the war, and the way in which Europe, the Middle East, and the organizations contained within react to such a war, will dictate the dynamic of world power in the future. | <urn:uuid:7c7a6909-49a8-4942-9f21-16bc41dd2503> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chicagomaroon.com:443/article/2003/2/25/changes-on-the-global-level/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.958722 | 910 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Sharks are becoming an increasing problem for the people of Bonita Springs, Florida because local fisherman are inadvertently luring them into people’s backyards. According to NBC-2:
An 8 to 9 foot bull shark has been swimming very close to the condos that line Hickory Boulevard.
Residents say it’s not the first time. Neighbors say people are chumming — throwing bait into the water — which is causing the sharks to return. Now, they are asking the city to get involved and prohibit fishing as well as designate the area as a swimming only area. | <urn:uuid:1b30a57b-67f3-48b5-8b7e-96a858729a74> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ftw.usatoday.com/2015/04/terrifying-shark-swims-backyard-video | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.979988 | 125 | 1.515625 | 2 |
The Benefits and also Downsides of Social Network Advertising
The use of social media internet sites and systems for advertising is called social media sites advertising and marketing. Although e-marketing and digital-marketing are still the leading approaches in academia, an expanding variety of scientists and also professionals are resorting to social networks platforms as a viable option. This write-up will certainly describe the advantages and drawbacks of utilizing such websites. Likewise, learn more about the various types of social networks advertising and marketing systems, and also exactly how these can help your organization. Making use of these on the internet devices can assist you reach a bigger target market. It’s insufficient to follow your competitors, as your competitors could be doing a much better work than you are. In order to acquire valuable insight, you need to analyze your rivals’ strategies. Do a search for their industry-specific terms or keyword phrases, or utilize Google to see what your competitors are doing. When you have a concept of what your rivals are doing, you can adjust this to your own project. You can also utilize a competitive evaluation device to identify your industry’s leaders and the social networks channels that they use. Typical market research approaches are costly and time-consuming. Moreover, they do not provide you real-time details on your target market. The information collected by social media sites is updated in real-time. Besides that, it’s additionally valuable for analyzing client behavior on particular topics. If you wish to find one of the most effective means to involve your target audience, you must initially identify the social media systems that you’ll use. Then, you require to plan the type as well as frequency of your content and when to publish it. The trick to success in social media sites advertising and marketing is to determine your target market and afterwards tailor your strategy to suit the specific needs of your target audience. It’s essential to recognize the needs of your target market and provide solutions to their problems. By producing unique and interesting web content as well as involving your audience, you can develop a devoted fan base that will get the word out about your brand name naturally. When done right, your social networks project can make a large effect on your site web traffic as well as boost your conversions. While social networks advertising and marketing requires a large amount of time, it can be a reliable means to reach your target market. By creating a target market and also a following, you will have the ability to generate even more traffic. Nevertheless, the objective of social media sites marketing is to reach your consumers by generating buzz about your brand name and also producing a bigger circle of consumers that have an interest in your company. This is one of the most reliable way to increase your service exposure and to obtain clients. Another fantastic way to promote your brand is to make use of social networks as an advertising network. By utilizing social media sites for advertising objectives, you will certainly be able to reach a wider audience and rise sales. Consequently, social media sites is just one of the best means to reach your target market. It will assist you develop meaningful connections with your consumers. This will certainly assist you understand your customers and also the worth of your brand. There are numerous benefits of using social networks for advertising. | <urn:uuid:f50a3491-862b-4ae3-a9d0-bb0e950d8d45> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://outlooksupporthelpnumberusa.us/lessons-learned-about-12/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.95601 | 659 | 1.5 | 2 |
Essay Writing For College How to Get Started
An essay is, by general definition, a written piece that presents the author’s point of view however, the precise definition is a bit ambiguous, overlapping with that of poems, a treatise or essay, an article and even a brief narrative. Essays are generally classified as either analytical and personal or as technical and literary. This article will provide an easy description of what dissertations and essays are.
Essays are written to express opinions on the subject. Dissertations are written to present research about the subject. They usually provide support for the opinions expressed in essays. Both types of writing need an element of argument, though there is some degree of overlap between the two. In addition to the arguments made within the body of the essay, essays must also have an enthralling conclusion.
A well-crafted conclusion is one that entices the reader not to stop to read your argument. The conclusion does not need to be negative. It could be a retraction of any incorrect remarks you made in your essay. A well-written conclusion will encourage the reader to continue reading the remainder of the essay. Examples of persuasive essays include A Summary of Recent Discoveries, which is often abbreviated to simply “S” and provides an overview of the latest discoveries in science.
Both types of writing need a certain amount of argument in their conclusion. To write persuasive essays efficiently you should be aware of the arguments you could use to convince the reader to agree with your views. Writing essays isn’t about proving a assertion by providing facts. It’s about sharing your thoughts in a manner that allows the reader draw their own conclusions. Before you start writing, however it is essential to be able to write persuasive essays.
When you write your essay one of the most important elements you must pay attention to involves grammar. Whatever good your essay might be, if your grammar is poor it won’t be considered acceptable. This is not a critique of the writing process. It is meant to ensure that you have taken grammar seriously while writing. So, it is important to spend some time learning how to use correct grammar.
Writing every day is a great way to improve your essay writing skills. Writing a few essays per day is a good way to improve your essay writing skills. This will not only help improve your essay writing abilities, but it will also teach you how to be more disciplined with your writing. Writing essays is not an easy task. It is easy to get distracted and speed through these essays. You can see how your sentences are structured and make any necessary changes before submitting your essay to be published.
In addition to learning how to construct sentences, you must also learn to write clearly. If you want to be taken seriously as a well-educated person you must be able to use your words effectively and write clearly and quickly. If you don’t know how to do either of those things, you’re going to be embarrassed. In order to write effectively you should be certain of what you want to say, and the information you intend to convey in your essay. Your audience will be impressed more effectively if you write short paragraphs and a good grammar rather than jumbled together random words.
Always remember to read through all of your writing assignments need buy essay prior to you submit them to publication. This way, you can be sure that you didn’t miss any required aspects of the assignment. If you are not sure whether your essay is appropriate for publication, ask a friend or your school teacher to assist you. You may be amazed at how much time and effort you could save by doing this simple step prior to writing your essay. If you adhere to all of these guidelines, you’ll be well on the way to being well-educated, and having the best time ever writing college essays.
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Because you're probably dragging today thanks to daylight saving time, someone decided that you deserve a nap and created National Napping Day. Additionally, if you're not sleeping well at night, and you want to get the most of your snooze time, this sleep system and app called Nightingale can help you sleep. It's not a coincidence that National Napping Day on Mar. 12 comes so soon after the dreaded beginning of Daylight Saving Time on Mar. 11 — it's because sleep is probably the only thing you're craving. Aside from coffee, of course.
National Napping day also falls during Sleep Awareness Week, and the National Sleep Foundation even has a calculator for the occasion that can help you get the most out of your bed time. However, if you're tried pretty much everything to get to sleep, but you're still staring at the ceiling at 3 a.m., or you are unable to fall asleep during nap time, you might want to try the Nightingale smart home sleep system. This genius invention is a device that pairs with an app to mask noise and create customized ambient sounds called "sound blankets," which are going to be your new favorite kind of blanket.
According to a clinical trial with Harvard Medical School, Nightingale reported findings that "sound blankets" can help people fall asleep faster, stay asleep longer, and significantly improve sleep quality. "In an experimental model of transient insomnia, exposure to the Nightingale smart home sleep system significantly reduced sleep onset latency by 38 percent compared to normal environmental noise in a group of healthy subjects," the study concluded. "This reduction in the time to fall asleep equals that of commonly prescribed sleep medications."
This is a good option if you're afraid sleep medications will make you groggy, or even sleep walk (I am totally afraid). Another downside to prescription sleep meds is that you can build up a tolerance to them over time, which means they might not work as well. "As a non-pharmaceutical alternative and, most of all, with technological advancements, evidence is accumulating in support of a role for broadband sound administration to mask environmental noise disturbances," the study explained. "Noise disturbances from sources either inside or outside the home are common sources of problems with sleep initiation and maintenance."
In the study, which was conducted over almost 400 nights, participants reported a 64-percent decrease in noise-related wake occurrences and a 26-percent increase in overall sleep quality. If you live in a noisy urban area, not waking up every time there's a street scuffle or an animal knocking over your trashcans sounds pretty great. Nightingale masks common sleep-disruptive noises like music, TV, talking, and freeway traffic.
If you have a roommate on a different schedule than you, being able to sleep through their late night shenanigans could make your living situation more bearable and reduce your impulse to scream into your pillow.
While many people might feel that they need total silence to fall asleep and stay asleep, the benefit of a product like Nightingale creating a sound blanket is that the ambient sound, while subtle, stays consistent; changes in noise won't startle you while you sleep, and ultimately rouse you. Instead, your mind will simply be able to tune out everything, and you'll get a good night's sleep out of it.
Sleeping issues of all sorts are extremely common — often, they can be caused by stress, or even just genetic predispositions — so it's good to know that there are systems like Nightingale beginning to pop up to help people win their battle for a good night's sleep. | <urn:uuid:10897787-08dc-4790-b46a-5bf08d9e87bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bustle.com/p/the-nightingale-app-helps-you-sleep-its-super-easy-to-use-8473274 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.960264 | 739 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Slow E-Motions: Music & Movement Classes with Two Right Feet
(1-6 years and a caregiver)
Thursdays 10:30 – 11:15 AM – Library Annex
Program runs weekly for eight weeks, 7/7 - 8/26
A program all about learning to identify, understand, and respond positively to our emotions and feelings. This program features music, dance, and instrument activities designed to explore feelings like frustration, anger, and happiness.
Two Right Feet’s program was developed in 2000 by a speech and language pathologist who also held a degree in dance. Hannah Demmerle, current program director, holds a degree in occupational therapy (COTA) and develops the group’s educational programs and curriculum. Live music and ASL (American Sign Language) are a few of the other highlights of Two Right Feet’s enrichment programs. Registration is required. Registration at https://www.eventbrite.com/e/367873177577
This program is sponsored in part by Dutchess County Office of Children and Family Services. | <urn:uuid:ea3f0d6b-d346-4fbd-99e2-afd39e19b7b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pawlingfreelibrary.org/event/music-movement-classes-with-two-right-feet/2022-08-11/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.927519 | 226 | 2.078125 | 2 |
We have investigated the neutron irradiation effect on a phase-pure (Hgi-xBiJBazCajCujOy superconductor through magnetization and thermal conductivity measurements. It has been found that the inclusion of point-defects from the irradiation lowers the transition temperature and destroys the coupling between neighboring superconducting grains. Such point-defects act as strong flux pinning sites in the mixed state, resulting in the critical current density increase. The thermal conductivity data are used to study the scattering mechanisms between the heat carriers and the point defects in the absence and the presence of magnetic fields.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering | <urn:uuid:d951473e-26e2-4887-82a0-f97a1da10e98> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/neutron-irradiation-effect-on-magnetization-and-thermal-conductiv | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.880365 | 159 | 1.984375 | 2 |
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When Designing School and District Improvement Strategies, it is Vital to Align all of your Educational Plans and Priorities Under One Large Umbrella. The Development of a Strategic Plan that Establishes Goals and Expectations, Identifies Program Strengths and Weaknesses, and Aligns Revenue and Resources into One Cohesive Document is a Necessary Tool in this Process. This Series of Admin Sessions will Focus on Key Strategic Planning Questions that can Guide the Design and Development of a Strategic Plan that Addresses Your Current Reality; Identifies Your Desired Outcomes; and Aligns Your Action Plan(s), Revenue, and Resources to School and District Priorities, Goals, and Expectations.
Among the Many and Varied Goals and Expectations of the School or District Administrator is to Need to Demonstrate Effective Instructional Leadership at the District, School, and Classroom Levels. Research Provides Several Strategies that can Assist and Support the School or District Leader in their Efforts to Improve Performance and Create a ‘True’ and ‘Inclusive’ Academic Learning Community. This Series of Admin Sessions will Focus on Some Key Strategies and Steps that can Implemented by School and District Leaders in the Efforts to Identify and Establish Clear Academic Goals, Expectations, and Plans that can Benefit their Entire School Community
Teachers face countless choices daily when it comes to their students, lesson planning, parent interaction, and the environment of where learning takes place. With a profession as challenging as teaching, self reflection is beneficial for teachers as it presents opportunities for growth. Thinking about what works, and why it works as well as what didn't work and why it didn't work plays an integral role in the development of becoming a better teacher and role model for students. Join our curriculum specialists as we go through strategies for reflecting on teaching, maintaining accurate records, communicating with families, participating in the professional community, growing and developing professionally, and showing professionalism all while creating engaging lessons for our students and keeping students informed, motivated, and improving performance. As the final session of our "Technology to Support the Danielson Framework" series comes to a close, we will help support you as you juggle the many responsibilities assigned to you.
Are you struggling to engage your students in learning? Do you ever ask yourself, "How can I bring this complex content that MUST be taught...to life for my students?" If you answered yes to all these questions, then you're in the right place! Our Curriculum Specialists will guide you through a variety of resources and technology to support Domain 3 of the Danielson Framework, Instruction, where their focus will be to provide strategies for improving your communication with students, introduce different techniques for questioning and discussion, and enhance your flexibility and responsiveness during any type of lesson. Here in Domain 3, teachers execute the plans that they previously created in Domain 1: Planning and Preparation. This domain is considered the "heart" of teaching and we are more than excited to support your passion for instruction as we boost students' passion for learning!
Join our Curriculum Specialists as we explore a variety of resources and technology to support Domain 2 of the Danielson Framework, focusing our attention on your efforts in creating an exceptional "Classroom Environment." Priorities for establishing a classroom environment full of respect and rapport, a culture for learning, and organizing the physical space include the teacher's ability to create an atmosphere for students that is not only safe and comfortable, but gives all students the feeling of success. Teachers and students begin to work together to establish routines, behavior management strategies, and every-day procedures that work while constructing a caring and warm space, fostering a professional learning setting for all parties involved As a result, there is mutual respect, understanding, and ultimate success for both teachers and students.
In this first of four-session series, we'll explore how you can best incorporate technology resources to demonstrate your effectiveness of various components of Domain 1 of The Danielson Framework. The Danielson Framework is a constructivist set of instructional components aimed at helping teachers in four domains: Planning and Preparation, Classroom Environment, Instruction, and Professional Responsibilities. From demonstrating knowledge of resources, content and pedagogy, to designing student assessments, our curriculum specialists will guide you through their favorites websites, platforms, and software programs for Planning and Preparation!
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Digital Online Certifications
Below are some popular Digital Teacher Certifications that are available as a series of online courses. Click on a logo to start your certification track today! | <urn:uuid:96af3c30-01b8-44ac-a328-4828b4b98908> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://otis.teq.com/courses/category/id/44/events/Administrator/role/1/type/5/gradeband/1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.937239 | 989 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Koh Rok is a verdant island with tropical forest and mangroves and even a jungle with huge banyan trees. The most famous beach of Koh Rok Nok is Ao Man Sai beach, a little further away is another beach called Ao Tha Lu beach surrounded by black limestone cliffs. In Koh Rok Nai, the most beautiful beach is probably Ao Sarn Chao (Spirit House Beach). The fishermen built spiritual houses to protect their ships. While south of this island, stands the post that marks the end of the Thai land. With crystal clear waters and avisibility up to 20 meters and corals still relatively untouched, Koh Rok is a great destination for scuba diving and snorkeling (Bermuda Ridge and Seafan Garden are the best snorkeling spots). | <urn:uuid:e00fe808-8844-4158-8617-55c7aa300ab8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thailandee.com/en/visit-thailand/koh-rok-island-koh-lanta-307 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.917935 | 166 | 1.585938 | 2 |
A door is not just a door. It’s a security mechanism, an entrance way, and a method statement on your home. There are a lot of types of doors available and the one you choose will depend on your private home’s design as well as the functionality that you require from it. Listed here are the completely different kinds available in your home.
Pivot Doors. This type of door is wider than the usual version. You need to have a wide entrance way for it to fit. It pivots on a hinge that holds it on the top and the underside of the door, as opposed to it being hinged on the side. This is good for major entrances into the house. It makes a bold statement and is available in numerous design types, and may be customized made to suit your home.
Double Doors. This type of door also requires a large entrance way. You have got two doors that open within the centre. There are various design options with this one, which contains glass panels in the wood.
Strong Doors. These type of doors are made of stable wood. Your desired type of wood will depend in your design requirements. These are suitable for important entrances as well as on the inside of the house.
Side Light doors. This door has an additional panel on the side that consists primarily of glass. It adds a window component to the design and, consequently, more light into your home. This is a stupendous option for the main entrance.
Inner Glass Doors. This is a modern take on passage doors. It has a wooden frame with a large glass panel which is either clear or opaque. Depending on the design you like and your necessities, you may go for the opaque glass to permit light in the passage way or the clear glass which enables you to see right by way of it.
Internal Veneer Doors. This fashionable door has an elegant veneer finish and is normally suitable for bedroom entrances.
Folding and Sliding Doors. These slide open or fold to at least one side. They shut quite simply and are available in modern designs that are perfect for patios.
There are a number of garage doors, too, however these are the totally different types of doors which might be available on your home. Whether or not you require one for the primary entrance, the passage or for bedrooms, there are numerous fashionable designs available for you.
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By Willem Vervoort
Residents in flood-prone areas must be better prepared, or shifted.
NOW is not the time to panic as we scramble to find ways to help the people affected by the floods. Calling for the building of new dams is, however, not a satisfactory response to a very wet La Nina year. Rather, Australia must look at more innovative ways to adapt to the naturally occurring floods and future increasing climatic variability.
The current deluge has highlighted the risk of flooding in many parts of Australia. Risk is the combination of occurrence (how often something occurs) and damage (how bad it is). The traditional focus in flood management has been to minimise the occurrence by building dams and river control structures.
But there are three main reasons why new dams are not an easy solution to manage future flooding in Australia.
First, the worst floods are the largest floods - to reduce the occurrence of large floods we would have to overdesign our dams. This would result in low efficiency and high costs as the dams would be mostly empty, as in the past 10 years of drought. And we can't accurately estimate the largest possible flood, particularly with predictions of increasing extreme events due to climate change. A dam can never provide full flood protection.
Second, because of the inefficiency of having dams solely for flood prevention, most dams have multiple purposes, such as for power generation or water storage - and these counteract the effective flood-prevention role.
A water manager focusing on flood prevention would want a dam to be as empty as possible to store the maximum flood, while one focusing on irrigation, water storage or power generation would like the dam to be as full as possible. As a result, the risk of early spilling is increased, resulting in floods downstream. Many of the major dams are currently full and spilling. Water storage in dams is also inefficient due to high evaporation losses, particularly in areas such as central Queensland.
Third, a large body of international research highlights the detrimental effects of dams on the environment, and this is one of the key drivers for the proposed Murray-Darling Basin plan.
Dams reduce flows and smooth out flow variations. In Australia - the land of droughts and flooding rains - the climate is highly variable, and this creates its natural beauty and diversity.
Floods are a key element of this environment. Dams cause variations in water quality and temperature that are different from the natural environment and disrupt downstream flora and fauna.
Finally, some interesting socio-economic research. Dams tend to give a false sense of security to people living below dams and on flood plains; they believe they are 100 per cent safe, which is never the case. And there is the fact that increasing water supply (through building additional water storages) always leads to increased water use and water demand.
Traditional catchment management has concentrated on preventing floods by focusing on land management, increasing infiltration and slowing down the water before it reaches the stream. Many countries, such as the US and in Europe, are looking at alternatives by focusing on the second part of the risk equation, reducing damage rather than occurrence.
The widespread flooding of the Mississippi in 1993 and in Europe in the Rhine and Elbe have further forced some of this rethinking. A key element of this type of management involves limiting development on flood plains to allow the river to run freely.
Spreading out the floods lowers the peak and thus limits the damage. For Australia, this involves identifying different ways of living and working in flood-prone areas, while still protecting high-value assets.
Reassessing development regulations and possibly moving homes or businesses might be part of the solution.
People living in flood-prone areas can be compensated or helped to be "flood ready", similar to people living in bushfire-risk areas. Re-routing floodwaters to certain areas of the flood plain could be another option.
Australian agriculture also requires flexible and responsive cropping systems that take full advantage of the wet years and make do in the very dry years. For this to be effective, flood risk forecasting, particularly at the long range, needs more focus.
There is significant forecasting at the short range, but full interpretation of long-range climate patterns, their influence on Australia and their possible changes due to climate change still needs more work. While we are able to predict the La Nina pattern, we are not yet able to accurately predict the impact or risk of such a pattern for different areas. Careful assessments of the floods now affecting Queensland will assist with this for the future.
Learning to live with floods rather than preparing to fight floods will lead to a more resilient and prosperous future and allow us to take full advantage of our variable climate.
Dr Willem Vervoort is associate professor in hydrology and catchment management at the University of Sydney.
Follow the National Times on Twitter: @NationalTimesAU | <urn:uuid:d05079ce-71de-46f2-a30e-81c464c262b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theage.com.au/politics/federal/building-more-dams-is-no-way-to-prevent-flood-catastrophe-20110111-19mkm.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.955037 | 1,002 | 3.609375 | 4 |
In the eastern part of Utah is Arches National Park, one of the best places to watch a beautiful sunset. There are over 2,000 natural stone arches, each with their own unique likeness. In addition, there is also a variety of balancing rocks, pinnacles, and giant fins, making it one of the most well-known parks for finding rock formations. Given the distinct look of Arches National Park, visitors will often feel as if they’re visiting another world for the first time.
There aren’t any other parks on the planet that can match it in terms of textures, colors, and landforms. You can get a little creative with your visit by giving special names the rock formations based on how they look. While you look at the sights that can’t be seen anywhere else, bond with the desert environment. From the comfort of your RV or the glow of the stars, get lost in the wonder of the rocks.
Considering all of the landmarks that Utah has to offer, it’s easy to immerse yourself in them. See everything with the help of programs led by rangers, bike or backpack, or drive in a camper to get a scenic view. For every park experience you want to have, park rangers with a wealth of information, designated areas, and properly maintained trails are there to give you a safe experience.
Due to the moderate climate that can be found in the fall and spring, these are the best seasons for visiting the park. Summer can be quite hot for most people, but if you don’t mind the temperature, it can be a great time to visit the park. In the day, the summer temperatures are pretty high at the park because it’s located in the desert of Utah, but the temperature falls low after sunset and stays that way until the sun comes up again.
Dressing in layers is the best option to deal with the changes in temperature. The problem of humidity doesn’t exist in Utah, with it being unnoticeable especially when during nightfall camping. When you’re looking at the wonders of the stars or watching the formation shadows, this is the perfect weather.
The Arches are a great place for the entire family to enjoy. The beginning hikers and the seasoned veterans will be able to find something to do in the park. For anything from a journey that lasts for days, to a short tour, trails can be used for biking, horseback riding, and hiking. Multiple views can be seen without taking a single climb, but if you choose to do so, there are many ways to do it.
Arches National Park is RV-friendly, meaning you can either rent one or drive your own and set up a camp. All of the beauty of Utah’s wilderness can be experienced when camping at Arches National Park.
Campgrounds inside Arches National Park
Devil’s Garden Campground
In a secluded area of the national park is Devil’s Garden Campground. This is a perfect location, as it allows you to have a magnificent view of the arches. You can relax and forget about the troubles of the world as you watch the sunrise and set from the campground.
You can even get the real camping experience from the 2 group sites and 51 campsites that give you the chance to rough it. It takes a bit of a journey to reach the campground, as it’s 18 miles away from the main road.
Amenities like flush and pit toilets and generators with a few hours of operation can be found. If you want to bring your four-legged companions with you, you’re allowed to do so.
The months between March and October are the busiest ones for the campground. Either you can make a reservation to visit during these months, or visit during one of the other months since it’s open all year long.
Campgrounds outside Arches National Park
Devil’s Garden has the advantage of being inside Arches National Park, making it a big camping spot, but it isn’t the only place where people can go. There are lots of campgrounds that can be found outside of the park and will still provide a great camping experience and allow you to explore Moab.
Check out the following sites:
Desert Moon Campground
If you want to have a camping experience but don’t want to do too much roughing, then Desert Moon Campground is a great spot. It’s conveniently located and can come through in a pinch situation where other places are booked solid.
Driving into Moab for 30 to 40 minutes will get you to the campground that is found in a quiet area behind a hotel, and there are 15 sites to use.
The people at the campground are very friendly, and for anyone that is looking for modern amenities, toilets, potable water, sewage hookups, electricity, WIFI access, and picnic tables are present. You can have a campfire and bring your pets along for the fun experience.
Canyonlands RV Resort and Campground
Canyonlands National Park combines a luxury feel with the breathtaking visuals that only a spot in nature can provide.
This campground can be reached by driving 10 minutes from Arches, and contains hiking areas, a gated swimming pool, and plenty of areas to just relax and enjoy yourself.
As far as amenities go, there are cabin rentals, free parking, WIFI access, an RV area, and sites for tents. A reservation will be needed to access this area, as it is only open during the months between March and October.
Moab Valley RV Resort & Campground
This campground can be found near the Arches Park, around 6.5 miles in distance from North Window, and near Mesa Arch by 6 miles. RVs can be taken to the park, glorious garden and mountain views can be seen, and you can have the adventure of a lifetime.
Children will love going to the playground and playing on the giant chessboard. You can relax in the outdoor pool, or take a dip in the hot tub. There’s WIFI access, bathrooms, and a launderette.
As far as sites outside of Arches National Park, this is one that you shouldn’t pass up, as it’s open the entire year, can be used for vacation rentals and has sites for tents and RVs. The campground website has some amazing photos that can give you an idea of what kinds of amazing sights you’re going to see.
Whether you want to bask in the sunlight or sit in the shade, this campground has what you want. You can bring the RV and hoop up, watch some cable TV, use the WIFI, take a dip in the heated pool, send the kids to the playground, or relax with a hot shower.
There are even laundry service and a shop for buying supplies and souvenirs at Slick Rock Campground.
Traveling one mile south from the Colorado River will bring you to the campground. Campfires aren’t allowed, but you can bring your pets if you like, and it’s a really great place for an adult to relax.
Up The Creek Campground
This campground is probably one of the quietest locations that can be found near Moab. It’s a modern-day desert oasis where anyone can come to camp.
A short distance from Main Street in Moab, this campground is located near trees that provide a cooling environment.
You can camp out with your tent in one of the 18 campsites found on the campground. Campfires and dogs are not allowed, and kids under the age of 3 aren’t really suitable for the campground, but if you want to take a rest and check out Moab, it’s still a good spot.
Arches rests in the desert region of the Colorado Plateau, which means that it will see a lot of temperature changes, with a 40-degree change happening in a span of 24 hours.
For this reason, the spring months of April and May are the most popular in Arches National Park, along with September and October in the fall seasons.
The average high is 60 to 80 F in the spring and fall, and the average low is around 30 to 50 F. The temperature can climb to a whopping 100 degrees during the summer months, and it can dip as low as 0 to 20 in the winter, with temperatures normally resting between 30 and 50 F.
When visiting the Arches between September and June, clothing for cold climates should be packed.
Backcountry Camping Rules & Tips
- A distance of at least a mile from a designated road should be used as a camping spot.
- A distance of at least 0.5 miles from a designated trail should be used for camping, while staying out of sight.
- Before the sun sets, establish the camp.
- Keep a distance of 100 feet from flowing water, 300 feet from archaeological sites, and 300 feet from water that isn’t flowing when making campsites.
- Every footprint you make into the fragile desert crust can damage it. Use the rocks and dry washes to walk.
- Slick rock is the best place for this.
- This is the desert and you will need to bring a lot of water to stay hydrated.
- Dig a hole of 4 to 6 inches to bury your human waste, or pack it.
- Any trash you make, included hygiene products and toilet paper, should be packed.
- Keep food away from any wildlife.
- Keep an eye out for venomous animals, such as black widow spiders, scorpions, kissing bugs, and rattlesnakes.
- Let the peace and quiet of the public lands give you an enjoyable experience.
Arches National Park Pet Regulations
The National Park does allow pets inside, but they must always be on a leash. The owner has to pick up any waste the pets make, and the pets shouldn’t be left alone without supervision.
The Devils Garden site, parking areas, picnic areas, and park roads also allow pets. The visitor center, overlooks, and the areas on and near the hiking trails are all off limits for pets.
Parking at Arches National Park
Devil’s Garden, Delicate Arch, and The Windows are parking lots in the park that are quite popular, and usually between 9 in the morning and 4 in the afternoon, they’re full. Getting to the parking lots early in the morning or late in the afternoon are the best ways to ensure that you have a parking spot.
You can’t drive off road, so if the parking lots can’t hold any more cars, you have to use designated parking areas. You also can’t block traffic when there aren’t any spots to park in, so you may be constantly moving until a spot finally opens up for you.
Arches National Park Camping List
If you are planning on going camping in the Arches National Park often referred to fondly as the red rock paradise, you should be armed with a comprehensive plan prior to starting your adventure.
In desert conditions such as those found in this park, temperatures can rise to triple digits during the day and then suddenly plummet to freezing levels as the night sets in.
With this in mind, when going camping, it is better to overpack rather than find that you packed less than you actually need.
Below is a detailed list of essentials that you should pack when camping for a few days in this park.
Basic Camping Gear:
- Sleeping pads
- Sleeping bag
- Camping seats
- A lantern
Basic Cooking Gear:
- A stove
- A cutting board
- Cutlery and crockery to be used for cooking and eating
- Cooking oil
- Water jugs
- A cooler
- Trash bags to hold remainders of food
Essential Arches Hiking Gear:
- 1 liter of water for every hour that you plan to go hiking
- A wicking long sleeve shirt to protect you from the sun
- A pair of Wicking long pants
- A hat to protect you from the scorching sun
- Day pack
- Lunch and snacks
- Synthetic or wool socks (Avoid cotton socks as they can be extremely uncomfortable when the temperatures are high)
- A bandana (You can wet it and then wear it around your neck when hiking to stay cool)
- A pair of long underwear
- A puffy jacket to wear at night
- Shoes to wear around the campsite
- A pair of gloves
Other Highly Recommended Essential Items to Pack:
- Bug spray
- Toilet paper
- A complete first-aid kit
- Hand sanitizer
Top Tips for the Best Camping Experience in the Arches National Park
When we went camping in the Arches National Park, there a few important things that we learned. Read on for some simple yet highly useful tips when you are going camping.
- First, no matter the season or time of the year, ensure that you are properly covered with sunscreen. This park can be extremely hot even during winter.
- If you are planning on visiting popular destinations within the park such as Delicate Arch, Devil’s Garden, Double Arch and, The Windows, plan your visit for non-peak hours. Non-peak hours typically fall between 9 AM and 4 PM. You can also plan your camping trip to coincide with the late fall or early spring period. By visiting during non-peak periods, you will be able to avoid huge crowds of other campers.
- When going hiking on short or long trails ensure that you are wearing the proper footwear. Ensure that you get quality and comfortable hiking boots for your camping trip. Most of the hiking trails in this park are not paved so it would be best if you wore your camping boots prior to the trip so that your feet adjust beforehand.
- Before heading out for any hiking venture, ensure that you check the weather forecast. The weather can change fast in this park so it is best if you stay constantly updated on forecasts.
- If you have any questions about anything in the park, get your queries answered by the park rangers who can be found at the visitor center situated near the entrance. Do not be shy or economical with questions… Remember the park rangers are there to make your camping experience as smooth and great as possible.
- Before heading in to explore the park, get a map at the entrance to the park. Your map will contain important details such as the location of trails, bathrooms, parking areas, and much more useful information.
Arches National Park Trails
Balanced Rock Loop
Length: 0.3 Miles
This is an easy and easily accessible partially-paved looping trail that leads hikers to one of the most famous and stunning stone formations in the park.
Length: 2.9 Miles
This trail is recommended for hikers looking for a moderate to strenuous trail. It usually leads to the iconic park arch that you have probably seen plastered across many photos. This trail does not have any shaded areas and it is very popular with hikers. As such, ensure that you arrive early and carry plenty of sunscreens if you are planning to hike this trail.
Devils Garden Loop
Length: 7.2 Miles
This trail usually leads hikers to the 306-foot Landscape Arch which coincidentally happens to be one of the largest naturally formed arches in the world.
Be warned that this looped trail is not for the faint of heart. Expect to come across a lot of uneven ground, narrow ledges, and Slickrock climbing.
If you fear exposure or heights, this trail is not for you! Additionally, this trail should not be attempted by all hikers when it is snowy or when the rocks are wet.
Length: 0.5 Miles
This is an easy hiking trail that is lined with gravel. It usually leads up to the base of two huge arch span that are joined together on one end. This trail can be accessed by persons using wheelchairs if they have someone to assist along the journey.
Double O Arch
Length: 4.5 Miles
NOTE: This trail is sometimes confused with the Double Arch Trail. This trail offers explorers and hikers a challenging climb. You can expect to go over sandstone slabs and narrow edges and, in the process, you will get to experience some of the most scenic views of the park.
Arches National Park Viewpoints
Located close to the park entrance, this one-way trail runs for one Mile through a steep canyon with sandstone walls and a smooth bottom. To avoid the need for hiking twice, most hikers are usually dropped off at the start of the trail and picked at the end.
This is a fairly easy roundtrip trail that runs for 0.8 miles and leads to the Double Arch. You may recognize these two massive joined arches if you have watched the beginning of the movies The Last Crusade and Indiana Jones. This trail happens to be within walking distance if the Windows.
The Turret Arch and the North and South Windows can be found along a fairly easy one Mile looping trail. The Windows is ideal for explorers who are looking to enjoy or photograph a scenic sunrise.
This viewpoint is situated close to where the Delicate Arch trail starts. It is the restored home of rancher John Wesley Wolfe who built his homestead in this area of the park around the end of the 1800s.
This is the most renowned arch in the park and maybe in the world. To access this arch, you can either hike 0.8 Miles to a roadside turnout or else you can choose to view this awe-inspiring natural wonder from underneath by first hiking across a 3 Mile roundtrip trail that starts at the Wolfe Ranch to gain a 480-feet elevation.
This trail is hard so you should ensure you are adequately hydrated when hiking. Given the popularity of the Delicate Arch, you may find a lot of people hiking the trails leading up to it in the peak season. If you are looking for solitude, consider hiking early in the morning.
Additionally, it is worth noting that sunsets offer the best view for photos.
This is a colorful formation of extremely old sand dunes that you can view from above by visiting an area of the park road located between the Windows area and the Courthouse Towers.
To access this area, you must have a ranger with you.
You can reserve a visit to this area by visiting the visitor center found near the park entrance. Expect to pay a fee for the tour. Note that tours often sell out fast so it best if you make your reservation in advance.
On your tour of the Fiery Furnace, you will go through a maze of sandstone fins that pundits consider to have some of the most interesting geological formations in the park.
If you are planning to tour this area, you can access full season booking details on the park’s website.
Devil’s Garden Trail
This series of trails encompasses sandstone fissures and it is home to many of the park’s arches such as the Double O Arch, and the Landscape Arch which is the longest in the park.
To get to the arches, you will have to hike through a series of trails. For example, to get to the Landscape Arch, you can hike roundtrip across 1.6 Miles from the trailhead.
To get to the Double O Arch, you will have to hike across a harder 4.2 Mile roundtrip trail.
Unfortunately, the Wall Arch – One of the arches that could have been accessed through the series of trails in the Devil’s Garden collapsed in the summer of 2008.
This area which is located in the Northwest area of the park is rarely visited by visitors to Arches National Park. It can only be accessed on foot or through a dirt road.
Other park viewpoints such as the formation called the Marching Men and Tower Arch are located across a short trail.
What Other Activities Can You Undertake in Arches National Park?
Though I have to admit that the rock formations in the park are alluring and breathtaking, there is so much more that you can do in Arches National Park other than hiking. Below are a few ideas on other things you can do when you visit the park.
This basically means driving around and enjoying the geological formations in the park. However, keep in mind that you may need a 4WD if you are driving on some roads especially those that lead to less popular tourist areas.
In some hiking areas, you may need to backpack to get through the trails. If you are going backpacking, you will need to have a permit. Permits are usually offered on a first-come-first-served basis.
This is a popular activity within the park. Keep in mind that you can only cycle on roads and there are no cycling lanes.
If you are looking to tour the park as a group, there are several firms that offer this option.
This pastime is allowed within the park. If you love horseback riding as I do, then you are in luck! Should you choose this form of transportation, ensure that you first understand the rules and regulations enforced within the park.
If photography makes you tick, you can check the NPS website to understand the best times to photograph the destinations in the park.
There are some specific programs and tours that rangers usually put together for groups touring the park.
If rock climbing is your thoughts, you can explore this option. Ensure that you first check the regulations first though.
One activity that is extremely popular which you may not have heard about is stargazing. The popularity of this option stems from the fact that you can indulge yourself at any time of the day.
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- Best Gifts for Travelers - January 15, 2021 | <urn:uuid:5643816e-c0d5-4817-a96a-512c4704f608> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://outsidehow.com/arches-national-park-camping.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.948414 | 4,726 | 1.578125 | 2 |
BACKGROUND: Esophageal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery is the standard of care for patients with resectable, locally advanced esophageal cancer. However, the risk for recurrence after this treatment remains high, especially among the majority of patients who do not have a pathologic complete response. Commenting on the recent publication of the CheckMate-557 study in an accompanying editorial published in the New England Journal of Medicine, David H. Ilson, MD, PhD, discussed the benefits and limitations of current treatments for esophageal cancer, noting that the current debate is whether chemotherapy alone or chemoradiotherapy is the preferred strategy for esophageal cancer before surgery.
“Improvement in survival among patients with esophageal cancer has been long awaited in those undergoing the arduous journey of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery,” Dr Ilson emphasized, while discussing the findings from the CheckMate-557 clinical trial, which were published in the same issue. The study evaluated the use of the checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab as adjuvant treatment after chemoradiotherapy and surgery for esophageal cancer or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer. “CheckMate 577 is a practice-changing trial in the treatment of esophageal cancer,” Dr Ilson suggested.
METHODS: CheckMate-557 was a global, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 clinical trial of 532 patients with resected stage II or III esophageal cancer or GEJ cancer who had received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and had residual pathologic disease. Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to nivolumab or to placebo. The maximum duration of the study intervention was 1 year. The primary end point was disease-free survival.
RESULTS: Nivolumab significantly prolonged disease-free survival with a median of 22.4 months compared with a median of 11 months for placebo (hazard ratio [HR], 0.69; 96.4% confidence interval, 0.56-0.86; P <.001). Both distant and locoregional recurrence occurred less often with nivolumab than with placebo (29% and 12% vs 39% and 17%, respectively). “Although overall survival data are not mature, the doubling of median disease-free survival will almost certainly translate into an overall survival benefit,” Dr Ilson noted. The benefit of nivolumab compared with placebo in patients with esophageal cancer or GEJ cancer was seen across all subgroups, including patients with squamous-cell carcinoma (HR, 0.61), adenocarcinoma (HR, 0.75), node-negative disease (HR, 0.74), and node-positive disease (HR, 0.67). No new safety signals with nivolumab were observed, and only 9% of patients discontinued nivolumab therapy because of adverse events. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred in 13% of patients who received nivolumab versus 6% of patients receiving placebo. Health-related quality of life was maintained during the treatment period.
“The trial shows the first true advance in the adjuvant therapy of esophageal cancer in recent years and will become a new standard of care,” noted Dr Ilson. However, he added, “despite the improvement observed, most patients will not gain benefit from adjuvant therapy with nivolumab. More contemporary biomarkers, including the presence of persistent circulating tumor DNA after surgery, should be explored to better define high-risk populations.” Dr Ilson concluded that the study provides a “welcome new therapeutic option for patients undergoing combined chemoradiotherapy before surgery.”
Sources: Kelly RJ, Ajani JA, Kuzdzal J, et al; for the CheckMate 577 investigators. Adjuvant nivolumab in resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:1191-1203; Ilson DH. Adjuvant nivolumab in esophageal cancer—a new standard of care. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:1269-1271. | <urn:uuid:ea5a8d5b-9010-41d7-93e0-963c96c1565f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jhoponline.com/jhop-issue-archive/2021-issues/june-2021-vol-11-no-3/18942-adjuvant-nivolumab-therapy-prolongs-disease-free-survival-in-patients-with-esophageal-cancer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.921851 | 925 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Info about Vientiane, (Laos)
Other names for Vientiane are Bientian, Fanhyiengh, Nakhon Viangchan, V’ent’jan, VTE, Venc’jan, Vent’jan, Ventjan, Ventyan, Vianchan, Viang chan, Viangchan, Vien Can, Vien Chang, Vienciana, Vieng Quy, Vieng-Caen, Vieng-Chan, Vieng-Cæn, Viengchan, Viengtjan, Vientane, Vientian, Vientianas, Vientiane, Vientijan, Vientián, Vientjan, Vientyan, Vijentijan, Viêng Quý, Vjencana, Vjentiano, Vjentjan, Vjenčana, Vyantyan, Vyantyàn, Vyentyan, Wei-t’ien, Wei-t’ien, Wiang Chan, Wiangcan, Wien Tsjan, Wientian, Wiën Tsjan, Wyentyan, Wyéntyan, bhiyenatiyena, bientian, fyyntyan, vhi’antiyana, vi’anga cana, viyancan, viyen tiyen, vu~ienchan, vu~ienchan shi, wan xiang, weiyngcanthn, wyntyan, yong zhen, Βιεντιάν, Вентян, Венцьян, Виентијан, Виентян, Вијентијан, Вьентьян, Вєнтьян, Վիենտյան, ויינטיאן, فيينتيان, وینتیان, ڤیێنتیان, व्हिआंतियान, ভিয়েনতিয়েন, ਵਿਆਂਗ ਚਾਨ, வியஞ்சான், ವಿಯೆನ್ ಟಿಯೇನ್, വിയന്റിയൻ, เวียงจันทน์, ວຽງຈນ, ວຽງຈັນ, ཝིན་ཆིའང་, ဗီယင်ကျန်းမြို့, ვიენტიანი, ቭየንትዬን, ヴィエンチャン, ヴィエンチャン市, 万象, 永珍, 비엔티안, latitude is 17.9666700, and longitude is 102.6000000.
With a population of 760.000 citizens, this region timezone is Asia/Vientiane (Asia/Vientiane_cet).
Top destination for hammam, jet skiing, shooting ranges, parachute, abseiling, adventure parks, turkish baths, water skiing, wakeboard, skydiving, kayaking, scuba diving, skateboard, desert, diving, tennis, canoeing, paddle, surf, water sports, islands, volcanoes, horse trails, water parks, museums, fountains, adventure, countryside, mosques, amusement parks, beaches, snow tubing, rafting, windsurfing, disco, festival, farms, mountains, slopes, spa, national parks, wildlife, ranches, parks, theme parks, snorkeling, sailboats, treasure hunts, music, cathedrals, nightlife, art galleries, statues, monuments, golf, climbing, scenic roads, lakes, towers, wine bars, boat rides, aquariums, hunting, forest, swimming, hiking, valleys, playgrounds, caves, zoo, off-road trails, docks, therms, events, biking, pubs, wellness, religious sites, bars, geological formations, nature reserves, clubs, escape room, snowboard, gardens, rivers, nature, ancient ruins, natural places, trail running, walking trails, hiking trails, running, shopping, mines, secret, walkways, historical sites, bridges, fishing, skiing, casinos, architectural buildings, castles, churches, paddleboarding, kitesurfing, bodyboard, food, cemeteries over Laos.
More details about Vientiane in Laos (LA)
It is the capital of French Laos.
Vientiane has timezone UTC+07:00 (during standard time).
In Vientiane there are 760.000 citizens, if we consider 2015 latest census.
Vientiane dimension is 3920 sq. km., ideal for visiting a large city, crowdy full of distractions or activities to do. Here you can find high budget accommodations because of its very high accommodation costs, so this is why you could enjoy Vientiane like a base in order to getting the comfort of luxury after going around this big city.
Its elevation above mean sea level, also called meters above sea level (M A.S.L.), is around 174 mt. That’s why this city is a perfect place if you and friends want plain land to travel to in your next vacation.
There are also other near cities you can visit, cities like Vientiane Province. As those cities are very close you can very quickly go to these other destinations to visit to see other destinations in Laos.
There are rivers, lakes or sea close to Vientiane. Places like Mekong River are to visit if you and your friends like destinations with near water bodies.
Vientiane things to do and activities: best trip destination for:
Interactive Vientiane (Laos) Map and attractions
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Targeting COVID-19 with Natural Medicine
- Event: 2020 Southwest Conference on Botanical Medicine
- Product Code: 20SW30COVIDYance
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Odibooks, a fintech startup in Kenya, has created an accounting application that allows small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to manage and automate all their corporate financial activities.
Maxwell Odira with Erick Odudo launched Odibooks in February. Odibooks is an online accounting platform for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in East Africa. It assists businesses with various duties, such as orders and invoices administration, financial reports and management of inventories.
Odibooks eliminate the need for businesses to apply to Safaricom for M-Pesa API access by providing their customers with automated invoices. They can use their existing M-Pesa Paybill, bank account or M-Pesa Till Number, to receive payments from their customers.
“Small and Medium Enterprises also have automatic payments for expenses and bills through M-Pesa,” Odira said. This is true if their vendors accept bank payments to Paybill numbers, Kenyan banks, and Till numbers. Odibooks make it easier to handle taxes and give you ready-to-submit Excel tax reports.
Small and medium-sized enterprises also have the choice of automated programming reminders to be triggered if the quantity of an item’s inventory gets to a predetermined threshold. This makes replenishing supplies much more effortless.
Following the successful onboarding of a large number of businesses, the privately funded company is now actively pursuing the raising of its initial funding round to expand its business activities. In Kenya, it has already been put into operation, and within the next 12 months, it is expected to launch in Tanzania, Uganda and Rwanda. | <urn:uuid:1d3eaf32-49ec-4ffe-a40d-d79decb348c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.techinafrica.com/kenya-startup-odibook-has-launched-an-accounting-app-for-smes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.953056 | 346 | 1.5 | 2 |
It was once considered gospel that, for most families, college educations were the second largest expenses they would ever assume, right after buying a home.
But the way college costs are rising (and home values are decreasing), I’m not sure college educations haven’t graduated into first place. Of course, a funny thing happened on the way to good ol’-fashioned college degrees growing ever more costly.
They appeared to lose a lot of their career-guaranteeing value, based on all the people with college degrees working at jobs that don’t require degrees. You’ve got sizable percentages of college grads, for instance, working as bellmen and porters, as well as limo and taxi drivers, writes Richard Vedder, author of Going Broke by Degree: Why College Costs Too Much. And those are the ones who have found employment. Worse yet, many are burdened with tens of thousands of dollars in college debts.
The problem, it would appear, is that parents are in love with the idea of a college degree, and will go to the poor house – or guarantee their kid winds up in one – to ensure that junior strides away from college with a sheepskin. Bearing that diploma from dear old State, he should be good to go, into a career filled with similarly-educated grads all whittling away at debts that could take them decades to pay off.
College is great for many folks, and I was surely one of them. I would not have bypassed the educations I received from numerous curvy coeds – of both the blonde and brunette persuasions – for anything. But if I was considering the idea of taking on $50, 000 in debt today in return for iffy job prospects, I might pursue a different route.
Time for a different route?
Happily, there is a different route, one that involves a lot less expense and may be more likely to yield a solid career. It’s called an associate’s degree from the U.S. community college system, one of the nation’s most underrated educational assets.
Community colleges play a different role than do four-year public and private colleges and universities. In their towns and cities, community college administrators typically work closely with area employers, the very people most likely to be able to identify the workplace skills needed now, and those that will be required in the future. Then the community colleges tailor degree programs to train folks for those fields. It’s a direct “needs equal jobs” equation that community colleges attempt to solve.
In many cases, the skills needed by employers and offered up by community colleges are those that prepare students for “mid-skill jobs, ” the kinds of jobs requiring more than a high school degree and less than a four-year college bachelor’s degree. In recent years, many mid-skill jobs have gone unfilled for lack of trained candidates, while jobs calling for four-year degrees or better have been overloaded with candidates.
So what might these mid-skill jobs be? I turned to Erin Brooks, spokeswoman for Harper College in Palatine, IL, one of the Chicago area’s leading community colleges, to name some of those jobs, and the yearly incomes they generate.
Four of Harper’s top programs train students for the mid-skills jobs of registered nurse ($63, 900 median annual wage in 2009, per Illinois Department of Employment Security), Dental Hygienists ($62, 100), Firefighters ($51, 800), and welders $33, 900.
According to Illinois Department of Employment Security’s labor market economist Mitch Daniels, other mid-skill jobs calling for community college associate’s degrees include carpenters and electricians, machinists, health information technicians, auto service technicians, chefs, accounting technicians, and computer support specialists.
Jobs going begging
In many parts of the country, great mid-skill jobs like auto service technicians and HVAC technicians are going unfilled, Harper College president Ken Ender told me not long ago. These are not the old “grease monkey” jobs of yore, but sophisticated and technical jobs requiring utilization of head and hands. HVAC and auto service tech jobs once went to high school grads, but today demand associate’s degree-level skills.
Ender adds, “Most of the new jobs of mid-skills levels haven’t even been created yet.” Many will require knowledge of two or more of these disciplines: biotechnology, nanotechnology, information technology, and manufacturing technology.
When you consider that not everyone wants or needs to gain a four-year degree, community colleges loom as an even wiser educational solution.
Jeannine Kubalewski, for instance, is a graduate of Harper College’s Fire Science program, and now works for the Elk Grove Township Fire Department in northwest suburban Chicago as a firefigher/paramedic.
“I really wasn’t into the 9-to-5 office thing; it wasn’t something I wanted to do, ” Kubalewski said last year. “I always wanted to do something that most people don’t … I love my job, I love where I work … I wouldn’t change a thing about it.”
But let’s say the community college grad gets into the workforce and decides to take their education further. They’ll find this is a flexible route. So says Glenda Gallisath, associate vice-president for academic affairs at Glen Ellyn, IL-based College of DuPage, another premier Chicago-area community college. “What typically happens is they … Are successful in their fields, they’re valuable employees who know the technical side. But to move up into management, their employer encourages them to go back and get a bachelor’s degree … Many employers will support them financially, and the four-year institutions give them incentives to come, like flexible schedules.”
So if you’re seeking a way to slash tens of thousands of dollars in line item expenses from your household budget, while also helping to possibly better ensure your son, daughter, or perhaps even yourself gains skills in demand by area employers, you might want to trade a bachelor’s for an associate’s – at least at first.
See, the whole issue is really a question of degree. | <urn:uuid:00c64232-3d84-4025-9070-e71d7153529b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fivecentnickel.com/robbery-in-the-first-degree/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.956679 | 1,347 | 2 | 2 |
There is nothing more important to us at Boulden Brothers than making sure your family is comfortable in your New Castle County, Delaware, Southern Chester County, Pennsylvania and Cecil County, Maryland area home. Your central heating and cooling system keeps the indoor climate consistent and comfortable year round. But, what about your home’s indoor air quality?
Fact is, there are pollutants floating around your house right now. No matter how much you clean your house, there will always be dust, allergens and other particles in your home’s air. They have varying effects on members of your household, depending on sensitivities and allergies.Taking better care of your home’s Indoor air quality starts with a call to Boulden Brothers. We offer a variety of home air cleaners and air filters designed to eliminate dust and allergens from your indoor environment. And if you’re not sure exactly what you’re looking for, our Boulden Brothers project techs can help you make an informed and productive decision based on your particular needs.
Getting rid of allergens in your home is often a major concern. Whether they take the form of dust, pet dander or some other substance, allergens can, quite simply, make people with allergies miserable. Installing an indoor air cleaning system can help to end that suffering by eliminating up to 99.97% of particles measuring 0.3 microns or more in size. Germs are another major issue when you’re trying to make the air in your house safe for everyone to breathe. They can lurk in the ventilation system of your house and easily spread all over from there. However, by using UV Germicidal Lights, many indoor air cleaners are able to kill these dangerous microbes before they have a chance to make your family sick.
Pet odors, cigarette smoke and cooking smoke can also linger and become an irritant if not addressed appropriately. Smoke especially has a tendency to coat and discolor all the surfaces of your house, on top of making it unpleasant to breathe in general.
These too can be eliminated by having Boulden Brothers install one of our air cleaning systems. No matter what particular contaminant you’re concerned about, you can rest assured that the system Boulden Brothers installs will remove it quickly and easily, improving your indoor air quality.
When you choose Boulden Brothers Heating and Air to help you improve your indoor air quality, you’re getting more than just a high quality system. You’re also getting our over 74 years commitment to customer service and attention to detail.
And our commitment to you doesn’t stop once we’ve completed the installation of your indoor air quality system. We’re happy to return for annual maintenance visits, as well as to troubleshoot any problems and even provide emergency repairs. You call. We come. It’s fixed. That’s our family tradition at Boulden Brothers.
Boulden Brothers believes in building lasting relationships. That’s why our clean, screened, trained, and trusted professionals arrive when promised—and do only the work that’s needed for an up-front, no-surprise price. It’s why we can confidently say “You Call. We Come. It’s Fixed. Guaranteed.” | <urn:uuid:d8189759-242f-4130-b322-bd4031be7dfa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cli.bouldenbrothers.com/indoor-air-quality-newark-de/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.924581 | 687 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Case Study | Hackney House
When London based architecture studio, Loud. Architecture & Interior Design, was approached to transform a run-down property in Stoke Newington, its founder Kate Clare jumped at the chance to not only bring the property’s construction and design into the 21st Century, but to also pay homage to Hackney’s industrial history.
The Victorian-era property located in the centre of the leafy green borough of Hackney had been left in ruin for a number of years, requiring dire need of modernisation to transform the space into a bright dwelling with captivating design features for a young, growing family.
An extension was added to both the rear and side of the property to align with the neighbouring property’s extension and was angled from the neighbour’s wall back to meet the house in a sympathetic way.
Speaking of the build, Kate Clare Managing Director at Loud. Architecture & Interior Design said: “Our brief was to design a property that had a hard appearance on the outside, which was in keeping with the dark extensions that have been erected along the rear elevations of Kersley Road, whilst also creating a softer more playful feel inside that maximised the amount of natural light available.”
The thermally broken dark grey doors blend into the charred timber cladding of the extension to create a visual unity when the on-trend Crittal style steel doors are closed, whilst also being a nod to Hackney’s industrial past.
This manufacturing influence can be seen throughout the exterior and interior of the home, delicately balanced by the influx of soft lighting that inundates the property to offset the bold dark appearance of the rear façade. This was achieved through the specification and installation of windows and rooflights throughout the extension to not only maximise as much natural light into the property as possible, but also provide adequate ventilation. Three Roof Maker Luxlite™ roof windows were installed in the rear extension, as well as a Fixed Flat Rooflight for the corridor between the extension and existing property.
Kate commented, “Roof Maker’s Luxlite™ roof windows were chosen for the extension due to the sleek design of the rooflights as they offer maximum glazing with a minimal frame, offering a flush appearance when facing the property from the garden. The rooflights offer an impressive U-value, combined with aluminium frames to offer exceptional heat insulation, whilst the mechanical opening helps with ventilation, which is ideal for a kitchen area.”
In total the project took eight months to complete, with Kate and the owners working closely together throughout the entire process to create a unique family home designed to meet the wide ranging needs of modern day life. The contemporary, quirky interior touches add a sense of the owner’s personality, from the chequerboard encaustic entrance tiles to strategically placed pocket doors to capitalise on all available space.
Kate concluded: “This was a really unique project to work on and it was a pleasure to be part of transitioning the home from a tired, dilapidated property into a modern, fun family home. It was essential that we offered a balance between the harsh materials and style of the industrial influences, which was perfectly offset by the abundance of natural light and nature inspired designs.”
Are you considering buying a rooflight or roof lantern for your home? If you are, call Roof Maker on 0116 269 6297. Our rooflight experts will help you to choose the right solution for your needs. Alternatively, visit our showroom or get a quote online. | <urn:uuid:0ce0752c-c177-486b-b84b-8f9ec04a1254> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://niasnet.org/index-40.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.953796 | 728 | 1.578125 | 2 |
While America’s economic woes have been dominating the news, Mexico has been wracked with terrible drug violence.
One thing that really struck me about the coverage of the violence in the US media is the emphasis on how the drug violence might affect Americans. For example, one commentator remarked, at length, about how US college students should be careful about going to Mexico. Naturally, a clip prominently featuring hot American college girls dancing around in their bathing suits was played. While I took this as an ironic contrast to the seriousness of the violence, no doubt its intended purpose was quite different.
While warning college students is certainly a good thing, the emphasis on how the drug violence might impact Americans does seem to show us as being rather selfish and self-focused. After all, while other people are being murdered, it hardly seems decent to be worried primarily about whether college kids will be able to party wildly in Mexico in safety. In another bit of irony, some college students no doubt help fund drug operations in Mexico by purchasing drugs.
While exact figures regarding criminal activity can be hard to determine, it seems likely that a major consumer of Mexican drugs are Americans. Americans have (or perhaps had) the money to buy drugs in abundance and also the appetite for them. Of course, we also like to preach against drugs and take self-righteous stands as well.
As a nation that consumes a significant amount of these illegal drugs, we would certainly seem to bear some moral responsibility for the drug violence in Mexico and elsewhere. As long as the drugs are in demand and are illegal, then we can certainly expect drug violence to be a relatively common occurrence-not only in Mexico, but elsewhere (including the United States).
People have long called for the legalization of drugs and have contended that doing so would significantly reduce drug violence. After all, the argument usually goes, we do not see beer dealers shooting it out in the streets (unlike during prohibition) nor do we see tobacco companies engaged in violence. The standard counters against this argument tend to be moral in nature.
One moral argument is that drugs are simply immoral and hence must not be tolerated. Of course, the strength of this argument depends on whether drugs are immoral or not (or rather, whether the currently illegal drugs are more immoral than the currently legal drugs).
Another moral argument is based on an appeal to the moral harms of drugs. The contention is that legalizing drugs would create significant harms and harms that presumably exceed the harms caused by keeping drugs illegal.
For example, it might be argued that the damage done by drug using people to themselves and others would exceed the damage done by the problems stemming from drugs being illegal. After all, it could be argued, alcohol is legal and is still involved in many deaths (often automobile related) and health problems. Just imagine the damage that would arise if marijuana, heroin, and such were made legal.
Of course, it would have to argued that drug use would spike dramatically if such drugs were legalized. After all, people already use drugs and those harms are already occurring while drugs are illegal. Perhaps use would spike-if so, this argument might be reasonable.
Another way to cut down on the drug violence would be to significantly reduce demand. If little money could be made from illegal drugs, then there would be far less incentive to engage in such violence. Of course, this would require that drug users give up drugs-or at least cut way back on their consumption. This, however, seems rather unlikely. While most people do not like the violence, it is difficult to imagine people giving up their drug use.
The most likely thing is that people will keep using drugs, they will remain illegal and drug violence will continue in up and down cycles. | <urn:uuid:ec46b7ce-bef7-46ef-9911-6537319a260e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://aphilosopher.drmcl.com/2009/02/27/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.976214 | 757 | 1.90625 | 2 |
InsurTech is the use of technology innovations designed to embrace savings and efficiency from the current insurance industry model.
InsurTech start-ups are constantly exploring new paths that large insurance firms have restrains to exploit. These, include offering extremely customizable policies and automation of processes as well as innovative insurance models that are using new streams of data from internet-enabled devices to dynamically price premiums according to observed behavior.
Traditional insurance companies are at a disadvantage because of outdated IT systems and regulatory transformation programs. Their systems are structured and heavy which allow little room for large scale changes. Until recently there were no players to undermine the insurance companies work model. Having little competition from only similar financial institutions, has left the industry somewhat behind others in the financial services sector, making the industry suitable for disruption. The main purpose of InsurTech is to transform the insurance industry with new technology to improve customer experience, automate processes and simplify policy managements well as to increase competition.
State of the InsurTech industry
InsurTech interest increased exponentially across the world in 2016, mainly due to the rowing investor concentration. Moreover, 2016 saw the introduction of a range of disruptive InsurTech solutions, including those aimed at unbinding insurance offerings and providing niche insurance offerings outside of traditional insurers. This year, most InsurTech investments will likely focus on companies and startups specializing in individual components of the value chain, such as client engagement, underwriting, and claims processes.
We are in a time when start-ups are starting to test the waters with InsurTech. For example, a meaningful activity is noted with Artificial intelligence (AI) systems, which are able to find the right mix of policies to complete an individual’s coverage by using apps to pull different policies into one platform for management monitoring. As a result, AI is capable of creating on-demand, focused, insurance. The attention to artificial intelligence, Machine Learning, and deep data analytics technologies is expected to grow in the near future as well as in the long term.
InsurTech mergers and acquisitions and venture funding transactions are likely to increase in both number and strategic significance over the next 2-3 years. According to a report that was published by KPMG, analyzing Q1 of 2017 , we are witnessing a steady upward in both venture investment volume and value (to crest at 175 financings and $1.7 billion in value last year). VC-specific InsurTech investment dropped to $243 million across 43 deals, however, this decline in investments is not expected to last, particularly as insurance companies around the world have begun to feel the pressure to embrace InsurTech innovations.
The rising InsurTech stars
Recently, there have been many FinTech companies dedicating their research and development efforts for proving alternative InsurTech technologies. Two main leaders that currently developing InsurTech solutions are Lemonade and Trov. Lemonade is a property and casualty insurance company that is transforming the business model of insurance. By introducing technology and transparency into an industry, Lemonade designed an insurance experience that is fast, affordable, and hassle free. Likewise, Trov is a U.S. based technology startup that provides on-demand insurance and is one of the growing supporters of InsurTech companies looking to modernize the insurance market by taking advantage of new digital technologies.
Overall, we expect that InsurTech innovations will constantly expand since there are a large number of organizations to explore new paths that other insurance companies have restrains to exploit. Start-ups are using innovative technologies to improve customer experience, automate processes and simplify policy management, and we expect to see many more InsurTech solutions in the near future that enables efficiency to this traditional industry.
Join the discussion next July the 24th
On July 24th, FinTech-Aviv will host an event at Rise TLV for the purpose of Exploring InsurTech – to explore the different aspects of InsurTech and discuss on the latest innovations of this exciting segment. The event will draw on the knowledge of top quality experts and give you the chance to find out more about top notch InsurTech solutions designed for the global financial industry. You can follow-up the updates on FinTech-Aviv’s meetup group.
*The event will be broadcasted live on FinTech-Aviv Facebook group. | <urn:uuid:7986e0d1-fe74-4d7d-b16b-9ea924dca85e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://insights.invyo.io/europe/analyses/why-we-need-more-insurtech/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.953371 | 883 | 1.90625 | 2 |
A climate action group are petitioning Nelson City Council to end industrial coal use in the region.
Stop the Coal Monster group spokesman Aaron Stallard said it wants to see no new consents issued for coal use, and existing consents ended by 2025.
The group was formed in March, and on Thursday Stallard and Joost van Rens presented a petition of more than 500 signatures to the Nelson City Council calling for an to end industrial coal use in the region.
Dr Stallard, who is a geologist, said coal use was the main cause of climate change and a leading cause of deaths globally.
“Coal is the worst of the worst of the fossils fuels and there needs to be no social license for using coal. It should be looked on unfavourably as the terrible pollutant and devastating thing that it is.”
There are two industrial coal users in the region – Nelson Hospital and McCashin’s Brewery, and the group had engaged in discussions with them. Both had some plans to become coal free, but ultimately needed support to do so.
“The questions are the financing, the timelines and how committed they are to that process, Stallard said
“Both of those users want to move away from coal, so if we get enough people on board and organisations like council to support those two users, hopefully we can make Nelson coal free.”
With world leaders currently meeting at COP26 to tackle the climate crisis, Stallard said Nelson had the chance to also take a stand.
He said the council had been “slightly inconsistent” when it came to actioning its aspirational goals, but becoming coal free could be an “easy win”.
“The energy for this and the intent is worldwide, so it should be a priority.”
New Zealand has since joined two international pledges to phase out coal announced at the COP26 UN climate summit.
In the submission to council Dr Joost van Rens, a general practitioner, referred to research in The Lancet medical journal which found air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil was responsible for one in 10 deaths globally in 2018.
He said climate change was the biggest global health threats facing the world in the 21st century.
The group had also been in contact with the Tasman District Council, which has a higher rate of industrial coal consumption.
Chair of the environment and climate committee Kate Fulton said while she endorsed both organisations moving away from coal use, the Huntly Power Station still burnt coal to provide electricity for Nelson, which would prevent the town from actually being coal-free.
Last year, Nelson Marlborough Health was granted $5 million to replace the “ageing, dirty coal-burning boilers” at Blenheim’s Wairau Hospital with green alternatives.
In 2019, GP Dr Ngaire Warner asked the health board to end its use of coal at Nelson Hospital, citing health and environmental concerns.
The health board committed to a trial using wood pellets instead of coal at Nelson Hospital and installed a new burner on its gas boiler to decrease coal emissions. | <urn:uuid:cc5a5c99-404e-417a-b05c-6f07f610946a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://coalnewshubb.com/call-to-ban-industrial-coal-use-in-nelson/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.962663 | 661 | 2.5 | 2 |
Brazil is very near to becoming something of a gun rights unicorn, that’s a country in which citizens have had their rights harshly restricted, but then they have taken them back.
With the election of Jair Bolsonaro, Brazilians are optimistic that they’ll be allowed, once again, greater freedom to protect themselves on streets that have become some of the most violent in the world.
Despite strict gun control, Brazil’s murder rate is six times higher than that of the United States. Cartels have been battling each other on the streets, endangering disarmed innocents caught in the middle of their wars.
Law abiding Brazilians want to fight back, and they are now hoping to get their chance. The New York Times reports:
For Natalia and Rubens Ortega, the only remaining question is: Glock or Taurus?
The young couple signed up for a gun-training course at a shooting club in São Paulo just days after Jair Bolsonaro, a far-right former Army captain, was elected Brazil’s next president on the strength of his promise to upend the status quo and combat crime.
For a population angered by the last few years of political and economic turmoil and worried by escalating violence, Mr. Bolsonaro’s vow to break with Brazil’s restrictive attitude toward weapons and make it easier for “good guys” to own guns was particularly resonant.
“We want to get back in practice so we can buy a pistol when it happens,” said Mr. Ortega, who has joined a wave of Brazilians preparing for a widely expected relaxing of gun restrictions. “We just can’t decide which one.”
Mr. Bolsonaro’s tough-on-crime stance helped catapult him to the head of a splintered race in a country reeling from a record-level epidemic of violence. Last year there were roughly 175 homicides per day in Brazil, according to the Brazilian Forum on Public Safety. Often simulating gunfire with his fingers at campaign rallies, Mr. Bolsonaro said he would combat the homicide epidemic by easing firearm laws and giving the police more freedom to shoot suspects.
“We have to stop this politically correct thing, saying that disarming everyone will make Brazil a better place — it won’t,” Mr. Bolsonaro said in his first post-election television interview, pointing out that the strict regulations now in place have failed to stem the flow of firearms into the hands of criminals.
Read more here.
The Brazilian experience is evidence that giving up your gun rights to the government will not make you safer. The best way to protect yourself is to protect your rights. Read my series, Get Your Guns and Your Training Now to prepare you to take your personal safety into your own hands.
Originally posted on Your Survival Guy. | <urn:uuid:94c5d31f-8c8a-4255-9e23-33cb9ae59f4f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.richardcyoung.com/politics/second-amendment/brazilians-excited-to-get-their-gun-rights-back/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.966531 | 598 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Maya Angelou was one phenomenal woman.
Angelou rose to fame during a tumultuous time in America’s racial history and broke barriers for black women through her legendary contributions to art and culture. Now, a new documentary is airing on PBS on Tuesday titled “American Masters ― Maya Angelou: And Still I Rise” takes an in-depth look at Angelou’s life and legacy and how she inspired millions around the world with her work.
Angelou was an actor, singer, playwright, poet, author, teacher, dancer and advocate, but Rita Colburn Whack, the co-director and co-producer of the film, says she hopes viewers see Angelou’s full humanity.
“[She was also] a human being with wants, desires, struggles and fears and…she [was] determined to overcome them,” Whack told The Huffington Post. “Maya Angelou was a woman who decided to overcome every obstacle set in front of her during a time when black girls and later black women were ignored, abused and dismissed,” she added.
The film, which is largely told from Angelou’s perspective through recordings taped before her May 2014 death, also includes commentary from some of her close friends and family members including her son Guy Johnson, actors Cicely Tyson and Alfre Woodard, Louis Gossett Jr. and politicians like Bill and Hillary Clinton.
From her early days as a mute and timid pre-teen to her rise as a legendary storyteller, the documentary explores how Angelou lived a life that impressed and inspired many. However, the film, which goes into great detail about many aspects of Angelou’s life, also shares some interesting little-known facts about her from over the years. We’ve shared some of these facts below and encourage you to watch the film to learn more about Angelou’s iconic legacy:
1. One of the earliest memories she had was being sent to live with her grandmother in Stamps, Arkansas at the age of 3.
Maya’s father and mother sent her and her brother Bailey to live with their grandmother Annie Henderson in Stamps, Arkansas when Angelou was the tender age of three. In the film, Angelou recounts how they boarded the train to their grandmother’s house with no adult supervision and the resentment she felt towards her parents for sending them away.
2. Her grandmother ran the only black-owned store in the town and taught her to read.
Annie Henderson, who Angelou referred to as “Momma,” was the child of a former slave and the only black person in Stamps, Arkansas to own a general store at the time Angelou was sent to live with her. Henderson taught Angelou how to read and would often bring back books from the local white schools in town for Angelou and her brother to indulge in.
3. Her brother Bailey further encouraged her to read and absorb everything she could.
In the film, Angelou said that, growing up, her brother Bailey played a big role in encouraging her to read and learn. “Just learn everything, put it in your brain. You’re smarter than everybody around here, except me of course,” she recalled him telling her with laughter. “And he was right, he was smart. But he was also protective of me.”
4. Her family was terrorized by the Ku Klux Klan growing up.
Growing up black in Stamps, Arkansas amid the racial terror that swept the nation was painful and difficult, Angelou said in the film. She reflected on one fearful night in her childhood involving her Uncle Willie, who was crippled and had been accused by a white girl who claimed she attempted to touch him. In an effort to help keep him safe from the Ku Klux Klan, Angelou, who said the KKK rode on their horses past her grandmother’s store in search of her uncle, helped to hide him in the den of the store and bury him in a box beneath dozens of onions and potatoes.
5. Angelou was raped at the age of seven. She didn’t speak for five years after.
Angelou and her brother temporarily moved to St. Louis to live with their mother who was dating a man. Angelou said he was “intoxicated” with her mother and later raped Angelou when she was seven years-old. Police later found him killed and it had appeared he had been kicked to death. Angelou, who shared the name of her rapist to her brother, felt guilt and anguish from his death, so much so her “7-year-old logic told me that my voice had killed a man,” she says in the film. “So I stopped speaking for five years.”
Angelou was eventually sent back to live with her grandmother in Stamps, Arkansas where she said she spent her time reading every book in the black school library and all the books she could get from the white school library, memorizing the works of famous poets like Paul Laurence Dunbar, Langston Hughes, Edgar Allen Poe, Shakespeare and more.
6. Angelou was always truthful and honest ― even when it came to sex.
Angelou was a beautiful, towering teenager who had attracted the attention of a young boy who had expressed sexual interest in her. One day, Angelou, who said she had seen films about sex that spiked her curiosity, said she approached the young boy and the two had sex at a friend’s house. Although it was her first time having sexual intercourse, Angelou admitted that the experience had been underwhelming. “I asked him ‘Is that all there is?” she said in the film. “So I said, ‘Ok, bye.’ And a month later I found out I was pregnant.”
7. She has had two interracial marriages, both of which ended shortly after they began.
Maya Angelou met and wed Tosh Angelos in 1951. He was a Greek sailor who had shared a deep love for reading. This was a significant deal at the time considering the racial tensions that existed and the polarizing issues around interracial marriages. She said her mother had initially been disgusted with her for marrying a white man, and later fell for him, even expressing disappointment when the couple divorced less than five years later. She later wed Paul du Feu, a white writer, in 1973 but divorced less than a decade later.
8. She worked in nightclubs and quickly gained exposure for her singing and dancing. She soon became known as Ms. Calypso.
In the 1950s, Angelou worked in nightclubs and strip clubs in San Francisco. While she didn’t strip off her clothes, she did show off her fabulous dance moves and would sing Calypso songs whenever she went out. She was later invited to sing Calypso at local venues and became known as Ms. Calpyso, performing in venues at a time when stars like Harry Belafonte, Lena Horne, Sammy Davis Jr. hit their peak.
9. Angelou was heartbroken after not landing a big role on Broadway.
In 1967, Angelou was considered to be actress Pearl Bailey’s understudy in the Broadway play “Hello Dolly.” It was a dream opportunity for Angelou and one that would allow her to better financially support her son. However, while the director and producer of the play both loved her, Angelou’s son claims in one heartbreaking part of the film that it was Bailey who said: “Oh no — I ain’t gonna have this big old ugly girl be my understudy.’” Later in life, Bailey received a Lifetime Achievement Award and dedicated the honor to Angelou.
10. She was invited to New York by Langston Hughes where she met other famous black writers.
Shortly after her rejection from Broadway, Angelou began writing and befriended famous black writers like Langston Hughes who persuaded her to move to New York to join the Harlem Writers Guild, which is now the oldest organization of African American writers. She soon met writer James Baldwin, and the two grew to be close friends who had much respect and love for each other.
11. She portrayed a white queen in a play alongside Cicely Tyson and Louis Gossett Jr.
In 1960, Angelou, alongside other popular black actors Cicely Tyson, Louis Gossett Jr. and James Earl Jones, starred in a play titled “The Blacks,” which featured an all-black cast with half of the cast portraying white characters. The play was polarizing and offered various statements on the state of race. Angelou portrayed a white queen, a role that was “quite fascinating,” as Tyson describes in the film.”[The play] was a piece that shook everyone.”
12. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was killed on her birthday.
Dr. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, which marked Angelou’s 40th birthday. His death rocked Angelou so much so she said she fell into a brief stage of mutism again. After about five days, she said Baldwin knocked on her door and ordered her to go with him to their friend’s home, Jules and Judy Feiffer, to share company and conversation. That night, Angelou told so many great stories about her life, that Judy Feiffer called Robert Loomis, an editor at Random House, and insisted that she had a book in her of some kind.
13. She turned down the opportunity to write an autobiography several times.
Loomis had called Angelou several times and tried to implore her to write an autobiography, a request she declined for months. She said she had been more interesting in writing plays and poetry. “Finally he said, ‘Ms. Angelou, I won’t call you again because writing autobiography as literature is almost impossible,’” she recalled in the film. “I said, ‘Well, in that case, I’ll try.’” So, she started to write and soon published her first novel “I know why the Caged Bird Sings” in 1969, a very important and successful novel that marked a landmark moment in literature.
14. She once had a heart-to-heart discussion with Tupac that prompted his mother Afeni Shakur to write Angelou a thank you note.
Director John Singleton invited Angelou to be a part of his iconic 1993 film “Poetic Justice” featuring rapper Tupac Shakur and singer Janet Jackson. Angelou, who made a cameo in the movie, talked about how she met Shakur for the first time on the set of the film for one day while he was in the midst of a cursing spree. Angelou, who had no idea who the rapper was at the time, took him on a walk and moved him to tears by telling him an empowering story about black people in America. “You’re the best we have, we need you desperately,” she told him. Shakur’s mother, Afeni Shakur, later wrote a letter expressing her gratitude towards Angelou for teaching her son a valuable lesson.
15. She was the first black poet to present at a presidential inauguration.
President Bill Clinton invited Angelou to present at his 1993 inauguration where she became the first black person and the first female to ever speak on the inaugural stage. Angelou delivered an original and riveting poem titled “On The Pulse of Morning.”
16. Angelou aged gracefully, never giving up on or stopping her mission.
Angelou became more visibly challenged as she aged. She suffered from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and was wheel-chair bound. But she never let that ruin her mission to teach, inspire and share her love. “She knew that if she didn’t continue to go, she would stop,” Cicely Tyson said in the film. “She had this incredible love for people.”
— This feed and its contents are the property of The Huffington Post, and use is subject to our terms. It may be used for personal consumption, but may not be distributed on a website.
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1 9 5 6 – 1 9 5 8 (USA)
81 x 30 minute episodes
The plays presented in this anthology series had all been adapted from short stories by author John Nesbitt, who also hosted the show, introducing each half-hour episode.
Nesbitt remained as the host of the series when it moved from CBS to ABC in the spring of 1957, although by this time the works of other authors had been included among the presentations. He was replaced as host in September 1957 by academic Dr Frank Baxter.
The subject matter ranged from contemporary to historical, with emphasis on the varied natures and qualities of people, both good and bad.
Most of the players in the series were not major stars, although a number of them – including Cloris Leachman, Charles Bronson, Michael Landon, Mike Connors and Robert Vaughn – did become stars in the 1960s and 1970s.
On an unusual note, famed circus performer and clown Emmett Kelly (the creator of “Weary Willie”) made his dramatic debut here in a story titled ‘Captain from Kopenick.’
Dr Frank Baxter | <urn:uuid:df258d6d-5b4f-4d85-b224-c2954ab70847> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nostalgiacentral.com/television/tv-by-decade/tv-shows-1950s/telephone-time/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.981696 | 247 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Graphic by Ted Boyer
The University of Akron is making new rules for how professors can use their funding, which causes concerns for both UA’s budget, and UA’s faculty.
Two types of funding have not been accounted for in UA’s budget prior to 2016: start-up funds and indirect cost recovery (IDC) funds. This caused the money promised to faculty to exceed the amount the University could spend.
Eric Amis, dean of the College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Nathan Mortimer, chief financial officer; and Rex Ramsier, senior vice provost, are spearheading the creation of the new rules for budgeting funds. Other people within the administration and colleges will also play a role.
What is Start-Up Funding?
Start-up funds, which are internally funded by the University and predominantly used in UA’s engineering and polymer engineering colleges, help newly hired faculty start their research.
Upon being hired, faculty are sent letters promising research money from both the administration and their particular college, which include a time period for spending that money – usually three years.
In past years, the University issued more commitment letters to newly hired faculty than its budget was able to fund. Specifically, the administration promised $16 million in start-up funds, but only budgeted for $4 million, according to Mortimer.
“The processes [the administration] used to make those commitments got a little loose,” said Dean Amis. “There wasn’t a time where someone questioned if the money promised was actually in the budget.”
Over the last few years, faculty have not been spending all of their promised funding during the given time periods, which created a buildup of leftover funds.
To address this issue, the administration created a new timeline by which the buildup of leftover funds must be spent. That timeline goes from 2016 to 2018, which allows the $16 million debt to be spread out over three years – and not all spent at once, which would hurt the budget.
Start-up funds, however, cannot be transferred between years within that 2016-2018 timeline, according to Amis.
So when hiring faculty in the future, the University will account for start-up funds in the budget before they are issued, unlike the previous process.
What is IDC Funding?
When a faculty member receives a grant from an outside entity, the government gives additional money – 52 percent of the original grant – to UA to use as indirect cost funds.
These funds cover costs, like operation and management, not directly related to the project for which the grant money was given.
IDC funds go to academic units, administrative units, and the faculty member who received the original grant. They also go to UA’s general fund, which pays for administrative salaries, among other expenses.
In 2016, the administration changed the way IDC funds are distributed. More money will now be going to UA’s general fund to increase financial stability.
Like start-up funding, however, IDC funds have not been included in UA’s budget prior to 2016, according to Mortimer.
Many faculty members, departments, and colleges have accumulated IDC funds from previous research projects, but can’t spend that money until the administration adds it to UA’s budget.
The plan for how to budget that money is in its early stages. When the plan will be finished is unknown, according to Amis. Until then, the money can’t be spent – unless requested. Some requests have been denied.
Faculty responded negatively to the increased constraints placed on both start-up and IDC funds, though the IDC fund issue is more urgent, according to Amis.
“There has been a lot of concern expressed in the [UA] Faculty Senate about the new protocols and the requirements for the plan,” said William Rich, chair of the Senate.
At Feb. 4’s Faculty Senate meeting, some senators expressed concerns about funds not being distributed, or funds being eliminated if not used within a certain time period.
Faculty have also expressed frustration at not being able to access their previously earned money in IDC funds. | <urn:uuid:c2bb9a8e-b333-4076-b27b-befb8f637d34> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://buchtelite.com/30785/showcase/funds-promised-but-not-budgeted/?print=true | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.963917 | 872 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Once you have obtained training at one of the medical transcription schools in San Diego you can go out and find a job as a medical transcriptionist. Salaries for a San Diego medical transcriptionist vary depending on experience and if you are working full time or part time. California medical transcriptionists earn, on average, anywhere from $25,000-$58,000 a year. It all depends on how many hours a day you put in and how many lines of transcription you finish each day. Many places pay per line of transcription while other places pay by the patient.
See what San Diego medical transcription schools are enrolling today.
About Medical Transcription Careers in San Diego
If you are looking for a job where you can make a great salary while working from home then you should consider a job as a medical transcriptionist. Most degrees from medical transcription schools in San Diego can be earned online or in person. While this page is primarily about medical transcription schools actually located in San Diego, you can also find information about online medical transcription school options as well.
A medical transcriptionist is a very skilled and proficient typist who has a great understanding of grammar and is able to read and understand the English language, and then a job as a medical transcriptionist might just be the job opportunity you are looking for. There is a great deal of courses available if you are interested in becoming a Medical Transcriptionist. If you would like to go to a school to learn about being a Medical Transcriptionist there are a few in San Diego that would offer you great training
(Figures courtesy of the U.S. Department of Labor’s Occupational Employment & Wages database.) | <urn:uuid:984b8012-bc2a-4621-bec1-3ab7878964bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.medicaltranscriptionist.org/city/san-diego/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.962797 | 344 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Banks have hit a ceiling on the amount of deposits they want to carry from companies — so much so that banks don’t know what to do with them, The Wall Street Journal reported Wednesday (June 9).
Corporate executives had hurried to raise money when the pandemic began last year and banks have been holding it ever since.
Because companies are reluctant to borrow from them, the banks can’t turn the money into income-generating loans as they normally would, which has put a damper on their profit margins.
In light of that, some banks have begun urging their corporate customers to spend their cash on their businesses or move it elsewhere.
Bankers thought the improving economy would reduce the pandemic-era tendency of companies to keep holding cash. However, the deposits have not slowed even in recent weeks as vaccines continued going out and things kept opening back up.
According to some chief financial officers, such as Matthew Ellis, chief financial officer of telecommunications company Verizon Communications, the reason is because they’re simply not ready to implement big changes. Ellis said his company has been running on elevated cash balances for a year now. Because of that, there’s not been any decisions on if or when to change that, he added.
Among the banks wanting to unload cash are JPMorgan Chase and Citigroup, PYMNTS reported in May. There were loosened capital rules put into place in the early stages of the pandemic, which had the effect of helping lenders deal with the increase in deposits they were seeing.
However, that was ended by the Fed last month and now some banks are having to look closer at who they’re letting make deposits.
JPMorgan CFO Jennifer Piepszak said in a March earnings call that this was an unusual practice for banks, saying it wouldn’t be positive if it continued in the long run.
Selected by EFXA | <urn:uuid:cbbc91a8-8cf9-4e5f-a0ab-3b7f4b20e2e0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://efxanalytics.com/fintech/banks-seek-to-temper-deposits-from-corporates/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.981882 | 396 | 1.5 | 2 |
Beginning a company requires interest as well as decision. There is no warranty that you’ll do well, and also the rewards are typically much less concrete than the dangers. The Merriam-Webster interpretation of entrepreneur lists the adhering to characteristics: “an individual who assumes the risks of organization, develops innovative concepts, as well as shows a laser-like emphasis.” The most essential characteristic of a hopeful entrepreneur is that they are not worried to fall short, so long as they can gain from their blunders.
In the beginning, the word entrepreneur is specified as a person that embarks on a brand-new service. This term goes back to the middle of the 18th century, when it initially appeared in a translation of instructions to generals. This text calls for the generals to bargain with an entrepreneur regarding the quantity of goods that have to be purchased. In later on years, the term entrepreneurship was defined much more extensively, as a person who is willing to take part in any type of activity with no prior experience.
The role of a business owner in society is essential. Many entrepreneurs are additionally involved in improving the gross national earnings. By producing a brand-new product or service, they develop new markets and wealth. As a result, they add to the nation’s tax base as well as allow the federal government to invest more money on public jobs. In addition, entrepreneurs produce social modification. By creating a new services or product, they disrupt customs as well as minimize dependence on old systems and methods. These cutting-edge concepts, like the smart device, are changing the means we function as well as play.
No matter the kind of business owner a person is, there’s a demand for them. While existing services may be striking their earnings ceiling, business owners can increase their organization and also develop brand-new markets and also wide range. In addition, they can additionally enhance the tax obligation base of their country, making it feasible for the government to invest more cash on public jobs. Along with these advantages, business owners can also make a favorable impact on culture. They damage tradition by developing new products and services that lower reliance on established techniques and also systems. One example of this is the smart device, which has entirely transformed how people function as well as play across the globe.
The term business owner has a long history. It was first used as an adjective during the late thirteenth century in France. It refers to a business owner who handles a brand-new endeavor with restricted sources and also aims to produce worth. As a whole, the term business owner refers to an individual that tackles a business. Therefore, an entrepreneur is an individual that embarks on danger, develops brand-new products, and also executes brand-new procedures.
An entrepreneur adds to the nationwide economic climate. In some nations, a business owner produces new tasks, which boost the tax base. This indicates even more money for federal government projects. Furthermore, he produces brand-new markets and also wealth for his country. And also, as she or he grows, he or she adds to the gross national revenue. This is an entrepreneur’s meaning, and also this is what makes them different. It has a long background.
In addition to creating brand-new products, a business owner includes in the national income. The brand-new items as well as modern technologies that entrepreneurs produce assist the economy grow. It additionally raises work, which implies even more money for the government. This is the primary reason that an entrepreneur can make a living doing what they love. He does not need to gain a lot of money, yet he can still be a business owner, which is a good idea. This is why he is so crucial for society.
An entrepreneur is an individual who makes money for himself or herself. They are usually an independent individual, as well as they are usually on a little budget plan. A service is a huge investment. However, it might not be the most effective concept for you to start your very own service. In the end, you will have the cash to employ a group as well as do what you want with it. When you’re an entrepreneur, you’ll be the one choosing whether you ought to benefit yourself or for another person.
A business owner has a high risk of failure. She or he need to take risks. The more risk she or he takes, the greater the risk. A business owner must be a high threat taker. They are able to generate income with their very own initiatives. The entrepreneur ought to be an excellent manager. A successful jogger will certainly be a fantastic leader. However he or she must be capable of taking care of the dangers of a business.
The word business owner is an essential principle in economics, and also it has a lengthy history. It is stemmed from the French verb “entrepreneur”, which implies to undertake an organization. Words has been defined as a “person who embarks on an organization endeavor without the assistance of others”. In the very early 19th century, the term was first made use of by financial expert Richard Cantillon as well as was used in the context of a service. Cantillon determined the business owner as an individual who will certainly take on personal economic risk in a venture. By the very early 1800s, the word ‘entrepreneur’ was extensively made use of in the context of business economics. After that, the term was popularized by economic experts such as Jean-Baptiste Claim and also John Stuart Mill.
The word business owner comes from the French verb ‘entrepreneurer’, which suggests to take the danger of a business endeavor. In company, an ‘business owner’ is somebody that has an idea for a new organization venture, as well as he/she frequently does this without the assistance of outdoors money. He or she is the creator of the product, and the only one who will benefit from it. Consequently, the word ‘entrepreneur’ is a very essential principle in business economics.
An entrepreneur is a person who takes risks for the sake of a service. They are independent, risk-taking, and have a willingness to take dangers for their company. Additionally, they are ingenious, productive, as well as have an imaginative mind. As an entrepreneur, you’ll take pleasure in the obstacles of a new venture, and also be rewarded with a higher earnings. You’ll find it much more fulfilling to operate in an environment where you’re constantly learning and expanding. Article source
An entrepreneur needs to keep an open mind. This way, he/she can be available to various viewpoints and concepts. On top of that, a successful entrepreneur needs to have an open mind. The most effective entrepreneur is not scared of adjustment as well as is always ready to take dangers. It takes a lot of hard work as well as persistence to make a company prosper. If you do not like threat, you can not be an ‘business owner.’. | <urn:uuid:1b85b2d7-c2e6-4185-ad0e-ac3ec7d7d1d4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://madisonhotelstoday.com/2022/03/31/easy-support-for-you-in-business-owner/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.978228 | 1,445 | 2.28125 | 2 |
With the advent of the new MESA facility in 2019, Mainz will become a forefront laboratory for testing the Standard Model and beyond with low-energy parity-violating electron scattering (PVES). The main focus of the PVES program with MESA is a 1.5 % measurement of the proton’s weak charge. There is also the possibility of a 0.3 % measurement of the weak charge of the carbon-12 nucleus. Along with solving the purely experimental issues, this will require that the theoretical Standard Model calculations have an adequate accuracy. The main goal of this scientific program will be to lay out the theoretical foundations and possible impact of this experimental program.
The MESA PVES program does not exist isolated from other low-energy tests, and it is our aim to put the corresponding theoretical issues into a global context. While the field of low-energy tests of the Standard Model is very broad, we will concentrate on those processes which are of direct relevance for other Mainz-based experimental programs. Our program will therefore have the following cornerstones:
- Weak charge measurements with PVES at MESA.
- Parity violation in atomic systems with the goal to determine weak nuclear charges and anapole moments in isotope chains.
- The neutron distribution in heavy nuclei and the physics of neutron skins. A good knowledge of neutrons in nuclei will be needed for the interpretation of experimental results and corresponding measurements will be performed with PVES at MAMI and MESA.
- Ultra-cold neutron beta-decay with the TRIGA facility at Mainz and super-allowed nuclear beta decay and the extraction of the CKM-matrix element Vud.
In the first week, we plan to focus mostly on topics 2 and 4 (parity violation in atoms and nuclei, and beta-decay), and on topics 1 and 3 (neutron skins and weak charge measurements with PVES) in the second week. A more precise schedule will be determined at a later moment as we will try to accommodate the availability of the corresponding participants as far as possible.
Confirmed speakers are: D. Armstrong, D. Budker, V. Cirigliano, J. Hardy, W. Heil, B. Holstein, C. Horowitz, K. Kumar, F. Maas, W. Marciano, H. Meyer, M. Ramsey-Musolf, C. Sfienti, P. Souder. | <urn:uuid:c78b5d62-9dbd-464a-ac50-07fc5607554b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://indico.mitp.uni-mainz.de/event/123/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.898891 | 505 | 2.0625 | 2 |
China recruits students for spy missions against other countries: report
Hainan Xiandun, a Chinese technology company, is actively recruiting Chinese university students as English-language translators, even after US law enforcement accused Beijing of setting up such companies as a “front” for spying operations against criminals. Western targets.
Hackers with alleged ties to Chinese intelligence agencies continue to advertise new recruits to work on cyber espionage, even after the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) indicted the perpetrators in an attempt to disrupt their business .
In another covert maneuver by China, Beijing is enticing job seekers to commit state-sponsored espionage on Western targets while persuading them to translate stolen confidential documents collected from various government agencies.
To hire these Chinese university students, the country hides information about the actual duties they will have to perform after being hired, the Hong Kong Post reported.
Students are tricked into working for a top-secret technology company where they identify potential Western targets for espionage and interpret stolen papers as part of Beijing’s massive intelligence apparatus.
About 140 potential translators, mostly recent graduates who studied English at public colleges in Hainan, Sichuan and Xian, were targeted for the job.
In the Chinese province of Hainan, people applied for job offers for a company called Hainan Xiandun. In a shocking revelation, translation tests on confidential documents collected from US government agencies were part of the application process. There were also guidelines for researchers at Johns Hopkins University, a major target for spy rallies.
According to a 2021 US federal indictment, a Chinese company Hainan Xiandun served as a front for the Chinese hacking organization APT40. Western intelligence earlier reported that APT40 was sent by China’s Ministry of State Security to infiltrate colleges, businesses and government organizations in the United States, Canada, Europe and the Middle East. East.
In a bid to stop the malice, last July the US Federal Bureau of Investigation charged three state security officers in Hainan Province to shut down Hainan Xiandun’s operations. These operations allegedly played a role in creating the company as a front for state-sponsored espionage.
These state security officials are Ding Xiaoyang, Cheng Qingmin, and Zhu Yunmin. Wu Shurong, another person included in the indictment, was allegedly a hacker who helped manage staff at Hainan Xiandun.
It has become part of the Chinese tactic where graduate students are lured into a career in espionage. Not only that, but even Chinese university websites also posted job offers for translators without providing more information about the nature of the job.
These developments and initiatives by Chinese universities will have long-term effects as these students may find it difficult to live and work in Western countries, which is a major incentive for many students to study foreign languages.
Their nominations inform APT40’s strategies, which include targeting maritime, biomedical and robotics research institutes as part of broader initiatives to learn more about Western industrial strategy and acquire private information.
A large workforce of English speakers who can help identify hacking targets, cyber experts who can access enemy networks, and intelligence officials who can analyze stolen data are all needed for a breach to happen. large scale.
Job seekers were instructed to download “software to bypass the Great Firewall” in the instruction manual. He warns that the search will include visiting blocked websites like Facebook, which calls for the use of a VPN, or a program that hides the user’s location, in order to gain access.
Hainan Xiandun appeared to have a close association with Hainan University and advertised job openings on university recruitment websites. The first floor of the University Library, which also houses the student computer area, was where the company was registered.
(Except for the title, this story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is published from a syndicated feed.) | <urn:uuid:f78868e7-8055-458f-8613-c3730df1d96f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://18-98plus.com/china-recruits-students-for-spy-missions-against-other-countries-report/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.955238 | 806 | 1.523438 | 2 |
- 1 kg Lemons (Nimbu)
- 1/2 kg Sugar (Cheeni)
- l teaspoon asafoetida
- 4 teaspoons Red chili pepper (Lal Mirchi)
- 2 teaspoons Turmeric (Haldi)
- 3/4 cup Salt (Namak)
How to make lemon pickle (gujarati):
- Cut each lemon halfway through.
- Stuff with salt and turmeric powder and put in an airtight jar for one month.
- The lemons will leave some water.
- Drain it and cut each lemon into four pieces.
- In the water mix asafoetida powder, red chili pepper and sugar and pour over the lemons in the jar.
- Cork tightly.
- This pickle can keep for two years. | <urn:uuid:002ba774-0839-454a-98d0-4cf2221ac91e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.indianfoodforever.com/pickles/gujarati-lemon-pickle.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.765383 | 174 | 1.671875 | 2 |
BioPhero produces pheromones like those made by insects in nature
Pheromones have until now been produced using chemical synthesis, whereby complex chemical compounds are constructed from simpler ones. This is a complicated and costly process, which have made pheromone products largely uneconomical for use in large-scale agriculture. This is our solution:
Our innovative technology is based on the fact that insects make the best insect pheromones. We use the same enzymes as insects to produce pheromones – but we do it in yeast. Our yeast strains are like tiny cell factories optimised for production of pheromones. We grow them in large fermentation tanks to produce insect pheromones at industrial scale. The input for this fermentation process – what the yeast cells feed on – is a renewable raw material, glycerol, derived from biodiesel production.
The yeast cells we use come from a family of yeast widely used in food production. Our fermentation process is just like brewing beer – and no different from making insulin for diabetes treatment or enzymes for washing powders. It is a safe, sustainable and radically efficient process.
BioPhero produces pheromones in a simple single-step fermentation process | <urn:uuid:617ff0e1-431c-4bdc-955d-f6b61f40408c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://biophero.com/technology-and-products/biological-production/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.922648 | 250 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Exponent Information Security & Privacy
Exponent systems and data are protected by a comprehensive Information Security program detailed in the Exponent Information Security Management System (ISMS). Dedicated security, privacy, information governance, and compliance professionals maintain the program with oversight provided by the Board of Directors in conjunction with senior leadership. Exponents Information Security team conducts risk assessments, performs regular risk reviews, and tracks risks using a documented risk-register process.
Exponents Information Security program supports the following frameworks; NIST Cybersecurity Framework, NIST SP 800-171 for the Protection of Controlled Unclassified Information in Non-Federal Information Systems and Organizations, the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA).
Exponent has established policies that cover:
Acceptable Use Policies
Access and processing capabilities are limited to authorized users and authorized devices. A unique user ID with a complex password is assigned to authorized users and is required to login. Passwords are required to be changed frequently. Two-factor authentication is required for remote access and access to cloud systems. Administrative functions are facilitated through separate privileged accounts.
Exponent follows best practice for the deployment and maintenance of its systems and for data maintained within Exponent datacenters and cloud services. Critical data and systems are replicated and backed up to secondary datacenters. Systems are securely designed and are reviewed by the security team before being put into production.
Exponent’s Information Security program is regularly audited both internally and externally on an annual basis. Exponent monitors and audits its security, privacy and information governance (people, processes and controls) to ensure compliance with policies and applicable security/privacy standards. Exponent conducts an independent external penetration test annually and regularly scans its external and internal networks for vulnerabilities.
Awareness and Education
Exponent employees, including contractors with Exponent system credentials, complete regularly assigned security awareness training and receive phishing training exercises. Security bulletins and announcements are shared throughout the year to give timely reinforcement reminders for awareness and education.
Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery
Exponent maintains a business continuity & disaster recovery plan that is regularly reviewed and tested. Exponent continuity and recovery considerations include the use of high availability systems, backup services, data replication, and redundant datacenters.
Data is encrypted at rest and in transit, logically separated, and access is granted to authorized users only. File monitoring systems log and monitor access to data while data loss prevention systems monitor the movement of data inside and outside of Exponent.
Workstations and mobile devices are encrypted with whole disk encryption and require password, pin, or biometrics to access. Workstation inventories, software deployment, and security policies are controlled through enterprise configuration management. Workstations, mobile device and servers require registration with Exponent’s device management system. Workstations and servers are protected with advanced endpoint protection, which uses AI to assist in combating threats. IT equipment in Exponent offices are physically secured.
Exponent’s security incident response plan dictates that security events be evaluated and escalated when appropriate. A security information and event management (SIEM) system maintains and analyzes security logs. This system is monitored 24x7. Logs are regularly analyzed for suspicious activity and unusual behavior by dedicated security personnel. Memberships with legal, cyber and peer organizations are in place to facilitate timely intelligence sharing and response activities. Exponent maintains a close working relationship with its vendors, law enforcement and managed security services providers for additional threat intelligence, analysis and response.
Exponent protects data, servers, and endpoints on Exponent and public networks using best-of-breed security controls. These controls include next generation firewalls, next generation anti-virus/anti-malware, web security, email security and intrusion detection systems. This allows Exponent to prevent malicious network attacks, access to suspicious or malicious sites, prevent malicious emails or attachments and mitigate zero-day attacks.
Exponent assesses potential vendors against a series of criteria to ensure appropriate security standards before granting a vendor system access or placing systems into operation. Contracts and data processing agreements are reviewed by the Information Security, Privacy and Legal teams before execution. The security posture of key vendors is reviewed on a regular basis. | <urn:uuid:064c9be0-172f-41e7-b9b8-ed7eb5648ecc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.exponent.com/security-statement | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.903413 | 987 | 1.578125 | 2 |
My latest after-dinner-while-watching-TV project: woven coasters made from magazine pages. To make a coaster like the green one above:
1. Tear out 6 magazine pages. Cut off the ragged edge on each, then cut each page in half lengthwise. I stacked them and cut them all at once with an X-acto knife and ruler. (To make a coaster with a finer weave, cut each of the half-page strips in half lengthwise again. And note that weaving will take you twice as long!)
2. Fold each strip in half lengthwise. Then fold the resulting piece in thirds, folding the cut edges inward first so they're hidden inside. Now you have a long, thick strip. Fold it in half at the center. See steps pictured above. Repeat with each magazine sheet.
3. To start weaving, interlock two strips. This is the bottom left corner of your coaster.
4. Add another strip that wraps around the outside of the horizontal bottom strip.
5. Continue weaving. Some strips will wrap around the outside of the coaster when you start them; some will begin sandwiched between two existing strips. See above. Keep adding to your coaster one strip at a time, making sure to push the papers tightly together. Flip your coaster over and check the back frequently to make sure nothing's going haywire back there!
6. When the coaster has 6 horizontal and 6 vertical strips, it's time to finish the edges. Strips that emerge on the outsides of the "coaster sandwich" need to be secured. Trim off one end of the strip so it's even with the edge of the coaster. Bring the other end around the edge of the coaster and tuck it under the closest weave to hide the raw ends. You should have just enough length to reach.
7. Strips that emerge from the inside of the sandwich can simply be cut off. If you want to seal your coaster with something, you could try some spray acrylic sealer and see what happens. Personally, I don't care if mine gets a little wrinkly from being wet. Happy weaving. | <urn:uuid:e653a821-1040-4b29-ac69-53b35aae1096> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://howaboutorange.blogspot.com/2009/06/recycled-magazine-coasters.html?m=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.941438 | 442 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Currency comparisons, to go
A beefed-up version of the Big Mac index suggests that the Chinese yuan is now close to its fair value against the dollar
By The Economist online
A beefed-up version of the Big Mac index suggests that the Chinese yuan
is now close to its fair value against the dollar
THE Economist's Big Mac index is a fun guide to whether currencies are at their “correct” level. It is based on the theory of purchasing-power parity (PPP), the notion that in the long run exchange rates should move towards the rate that would equalise the prices of a basket of goods and services around the world. At market exchange rates, a burger is 44% cheaper in China than in America. In other words, the raw Big Mac index suggests that the yuan is 44% undervalued against the dollar. But we have long warned that cheap burgers in China do not prove that the yuan is massively undervalued. Average prices should be lower in poor countries than in rich ones because labour costs are lower. The chart above shows a strong positive relationship between the dollar price of a Big Mac and GDP per person.
PPP signals where exchange rates should move in the long run. To estimate the current fair value of a currency we use the “line of best fit” between Big Mac prices and GDP per person. The difference between the price predicted for each country, given its average income, and its actual price offers a better guide to currency under- and overvaluation than the “raw” index. The beefed-up index suggests that the Brazilian real is the most overvalued currency in the world; the euro is also significantly overvalued. But the yuan now appears to be close to its fair value against the dollar—something for American politicians to chew over. Read more in our Economics focus and leader.
Click on the tabs in the table below for a ranking of currencies on both the raw and the adjusted index:
It will get harder to provide a timestamp for anything from human remains to aged whiskies
Right-to-carry laws are associated with increases in violence
An enormous new study vindicates “Bowling Alone” | <urn:uuid:89ff20e8-95ea-4179-8cb0-eb5b6b6cd3a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2011/07/28/currency-comparisons-to-go | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.941066 | 448 | 2.5 | 2 |
The International Monetary Fund has cut its U.S. growth forecast for next year, warning that President Trump’s protectionist trade policies will harm growth domestically and around the world.
In its World Economic Outlook, released Monday evening, the IMF says the U.S. economy is expected to grow 2.9 percent this year and 2.5 percent next year. The organization had forecast in April that the U.S. economy would grow 2.7 percent in 2019.
“If you have the world’s two largest economies at odds, that’s a situation in which everyone is going to suffer,” said Maurice Obstfeld, chief economist at the IMF.
Read the full story here. | <urn:uuid:4b9c7873-2d53-464d-bbce-c85e4c1a1366> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tradewarwatch.com/the-washington-post-trumps-tariffs-will-harm-growth-in-2019-imf-predicts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.971497 | 148 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Vastu Shastra is deals with the basic principles of architecture and construction. It is an ancient Indian culture and tradition which provides a decent architecture science with ancient art in the structure of homes, offices, shops, temples and other buildings.
In general term Vastu Shastra is the combination of art and science in the construction field. It is an old time Hindu traditional system of design which based on directional alignments. According to Indian history the original Vastu Shastra was written nearly three thousand years ago.
This is derived from the two Sanskrit words ‘Vastu’ and ‘Shastra’. The meaning of ‘Vastu’ is the site or foundation of a house, home, and building. The word ‘Shastra’ can be described as science, art, doctrine and teaching.
Basic aspects of Vastu Shastra
In this ancient Indian art basically there are five elements of Vastu known as the pancha maha bhoota which are described below –
Bhumi known as Earth, the third planet in order from the sun, is a big magnet with North and South poles as centers of attractions. Its magnetic field and
gravitational force has considerable effects on everything on the Earth, living and non-living.
Water is represented by rain, river, sea and is in the form of liquid, ice and gas. It basic part of every living thing.
Vayu is known as Air which is a life supporting element. It’s a very powerful source of life.
Known as Fire represents light and heat which account for day, night, the seasons and energy.
Space is the last elements which provide shelter to all the above elements. | <urn:uuid:b281857c-e4d6-4e73-ad6b-541cf2422b1f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://informationbng.com/blog/vastu-shastra-an-indian-art/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.959409 | 386 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Where Is Thy Hope Poor Sinner
Where is thy hope, poor sinner?
What are you going to do?
Hope is a God-given anchor,
Lavished so freely on you;
If it is fixed in the Savior,
On that bright shore you will land,
But if in sin you still linger,
Sad your end. Refrain:
Lost, forever! Lost, forever!
Oh, how sad!
Where is thy refuge, sinner?
Look where your pathway will end;
Repent, or you’ll perish forever,
Awful destruction’s at hand;
Heaven or hell you are choosing,
Fixing and sealing your fate,
God and His mercy refusing,
Lost! Too late!
What can you plead, poor sinner,
In the great judgment day?
Heaven now offers you favor,
Oh, do not cast it away;
Slighted the warnings repeated,
Leave you in Satan’s control;
And with all heaven rejected,
Lost, your soul.
Where will you go, poor sinner?
How will your soul escape?
Think of thy lot, when, forever,
Cast in the dark, burning lake;
If then you’re lost and forgotten,
Writhing in flames of despair,
You will remember you’ve chosen
To be there. | <urn:uuid:d562f498-39ab-4e33-b00f-b6862f5b349e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://prayer-warriors.com/where-is-thy-hope-poor-sinner-hymn-lyrics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.809394 | 296 | 1.585938 | 2 |
ASTM International - ASTM D6503-99(2005)
Standard Test Method for Enterococci in Water Using Enterolert
|Publication Date:||1 June 2005|
|ICS Code (Examination of biological properties of water):||13.060.70|
significance And Use:
This test provides an easy and reliable method for the detection of enterococci in water within 24 h. For recreational water (fresh and marine) testing is performed to insure areas are safe for... View More
This test provides an easy and reliable method for the detection of enterococci in water within 24 h. For recreational water (fresh and marine) testing is performed to insure areas are safe for swimming. Enterolert also can be used for testing bottled water and drinking water.View Less
1.1 This test method covers a simple procedure for the detection of enterococci in water and wastewater. It is based on IDEXX's patented Defined Substrate Technology (DST). This product, Enterolert, utilizes a nutrient indicator that fluoresces when metabolized. It can detect these bacteria at one colony forming unit (CFU)/100 mL within 24 h. The presence of this microorganism in water is an indication of fecal contamination and the possible presence of enteric pathogens.
1.2 This test method can be used successfully with drinking water, source water, recreational (fresh and marine) water, and bottled water. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. | <urn:uuid:242d16f6-03b4-4c5b-bf64-689c136c9b15> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://standards.globalspec.com/std/3821411/astm-d6503-99-2005 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.892273 | 407 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Travelling in Tibet is one of the most sought after travel destinations of the world. Either for pilgrimage, spiritual or for the sake of great scenery, Tibet has always allured tourists from around the globe. The Tibet Autonomous Region lies in the southwest of China and in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The region covers an area of around 1.22 million km2, which accounts for 12.8% of the total area of China. The best way to understand and visit Tibet is by taking a tour from Lhasa, ending in Kathmandu. Long regarded as a land of mystery and magic, harsh yet exquisitely beautiful, Tibet is without question a world apart.
Itinerary in brief
Day 1: The flight to Lhasa from Kathmandu is spectacular. From Gongkar airport it is about 90 minutes drive to Lhasa, first along the Yarlung Tsangpo – the largest canyon in the world with a total depth of 5,382m and then into the Kyi Chu Valley. Lhasa is connected to other parts of China by flights from Chengdu. The famous Qinghai Railway line connects Lhasa to many other parts of China, specially the first town Golmud. Every day, there is a train leaving for Lhasa from Beijing and Xian and on specified days of the week from Chengdu.
Day 2 – 4: With a relaxed pace to allow for the effects of altitude, explore the fantastic city on the Roof of the World. The spiritual heart of Tibet is the Jokhang Temple and every morning, it is full of life as pilgrims bring offerings of butter and barley flour. The Jokhang Temple is a 1300 year old, golden roofed building at the center of the Barkhor Market. The most sacred and active of Tibetan temples, it was founded by Bhrikuti, King Songtsen Gampo’s Nepalese bride, on a site chosen by his other wife; a Tang dynasty Chinese princess, Wenchang. He Barkhor is the holiest of Lhasa’s Koras (devotional circumambulation circuits) and its most fascinating market includes shops, stalls, teahouses and cafes. The streets are filled with monks, pilgrims, street performers and hawkers. The atmosphere is an intoxicating blend of the sacred, medieval, commercial and exotic
The Potala Palace towers over Lhasa and is an enduring landmark of Tibet. Little remains of the original structure built by Songtsen Gampo other than its foundations. After Lhasa was reinstated as the capital of Tibet in the 17th century, the Great 5th Dalai Lama began construction of the White Palace (built 1645 – 53) employing 7,000 workers and 1500 artisans. Norbulinkha is a 40 hectare park to the west of Lhasa town and was built as a summer residence for the Dalai Lamas in the 18th century. The site was selected on account of its medicinal spring.
Day 5: Gyantse (3,950m) is 254km from Lhasa. The drive is long, yet scenic across the Khamba La, Kora La (passes), along the shores of Lake Yamdrok Tso. Once an important trading town, Gyantse retains the feel of old Tibet.
Day 6: In the morning, visit Gyantse’s monastery, Pelkor Chode. The main temple of Pelkor Chode, the Tsuklakhang was built 1418 – 1425 by the 2nd prince of Gyantse. It was an eclectic academy with 16 dralsang (colleges) belonging variously to Sakya, Butonpa, Geluk and Kagyu schools. All the dralsang buildings have been destroyed, however the main assembly hall was preserved along with its remarkable 15th images and murals. The top chamber is decorated with fantastic mandalas in Sakya tradition. Also, visit Kumbum within the same complex. There may be also some time to visit the dzong (fort) that towers above the town. In the afternoon, we make a short 2 – 3 hour drive to Shigatse.
Day 7: In Shigatse, we visit Tashilumpo which is the seat of the Panchen Lama, second only in importance to the Dalai Lama. Panchen means a great scholar and was traditionally bestowed on the abbots of Tashilumpo. Its numerous halls contain a 21.6m wooden statue of Maitreya, the future Buddha and elaborate, jewel encrusted reliquary chorten. After lunch drive via Sakya to Lhatse. Sakya was the seat of political power in central Tibet from the 10th to mid 14th century. The fortified monastery is till head of one of the most important schools of Tibetan Buddhism.
Day 8: Turn off the Friendship Highway for a stunning drive through Qomolangma National Park to reach the tiny Ronghphu Gompa at 5,000m. The view from here is utterly spectacular!
Want to go there? Have a look at what Royal Mountain Travel can offer you in Tibet and the Everest region: | <urn:uuid:4de754e6-6adc-4b3c-a467-eee813edfa8a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.insidehimalayas.com/tibet-overland-tour-with-everest-base-camp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.942787 | 1,077 | 2.109375 | 2 |
In this country of wine-lovers, everyone agrees that the very best wines come from the fertile easternmost part of Georgia, called by Dumas “the garden province of Kakheti.” In some ways, little has changed since his time – horse-drawn carts are a frequent sight on the quiet country roads, the fields are dotted with hayricks, the rivers wind untrammeled through green pastures and the sweet grapes are still harvested by hand.
But wine is not all that Kakheti has to offer – the rich history of the region has bequeathed to us some of Georgia’s finest examples of church architecture. Add to this the friendliness and easy-going hospitality of the people and you will understand why a visit to Kakheti is always a pleasure.
Telavi –The administrative and cultural center of the region. The town sits on a hilltop above the Alazani valley with the Caucasus Mountains in the background. In earlier times, it was the capital of the Kakheti kingdom and the 18th century royal castle of “Batonis Tsikhe” still dominates the heart of the town today. The castle encloses two churches, the ruins of the 11th century royal baths, the pantheon and the Persian-style Palace of King Erekle II. The Palace now houses the King Erekle’s House-Museum, the Ethnographic Museum and the picture gallery
Alaverdi Monastery was founded by the Assyrian monk Joseph (Yoseb, Amba) Alaverdeli, who came from Antioch and settled in Alaverdi – a small village and former pagan religious center dedicated to the Moon. At the beginning of the 11th century, Kakhetian King Kvirike the Great built a cathedral, today known as Alaverdi Cathedral, in the place of a small church of St. George. At a height of over 55 meters, Alaverdi Cathedral is the second tallest religious building in Georgia, after the recently consecrated Sameba Cathedral in Tbilisi.
Bodbe Monastery of St. Nino – At present the monastery functions as a nunnery and is one of the major pilgrimage sites in Georgia, due to its association with St. Nino, the 4th century female evangelist of Georgians, whose relics are shrined there. According to the legend, St. Nino died in Bodbe in 335. She crossed the entire country healing and preaching people the true God. St. Nino bequeathed to bury her in this land. Later when tsar Mirian wanted to move her body to Mtskheta, all efforts to shift the ark with Nino’s relics from its place were in vain. Originally, a little temple in honor of great martyr St. George was built on the burial place. But this temple did not survive. In 850 instead of the old temple the new Cathedral, the main building of the complex, was erected.
Church and tower of Gremi – Gremi is a 16th century architectural monument – the royal citadel and the Church of the Archangels. The complex is what has survived from the once flourishing town of Gremi and is located east of the present-day village of the same name. The complex was built by King Levan on a rocky hill. In the 16th century Gremi was the capital of Kakheti Kingdom, it functioned as a lively trading town on the Silk Road and royal residence until being razed to the ground by the armies of Shah Abbas I of Persia in 1615. The town never regained its past prosperity and the kings of Kakheti transferred their capital to Telavi in the mid-17th century.
David Garedji – Founded in the 6th century by David, one of the 13 Syrian Fathers who preached Christianity to the Georgian people. The complex is located in the semi-desert and consists of 19 monasteries. The most ancient is Lavra Monastery holding the tomb of Father David, while the painted caves of Udabno Monastery look out over a starkly beautiful landscape of striated valleys and windswept ridges giving stunning views over to neighbouring Azerbaijan.
Ikalto – Founded in the 6th century by the Syrian Father Zenon whose tomb is enclosed in the Church of Transfiguration. The famed academy was added in the 12th century by King David the Builder and served as the most important cultural and education centre in the middle Ages. This is where the great national poet Shota Rustaveli studied, no doubt drawing inspiration for his work from the beautiful landscape of the Kakheti countryside.
Nekresi – Nekresi Monastery complex is standing on a hill and facing a beautiful view of the Alazani Valley. Although it was founded by St. Abibo Nekreseli, one of the Thirteen Syrian monks who came to Georgia in the 6th century to strengthen Christian faith but already in the 4th century one of the first Christian churches was built here. Thus Nekresi Monastery ensemble includes several structures built in different times. The main church of Assumption of the Virgin was built in 6-7th CC.
Shuamta – The village of Shuamta (“a place between mountains”) is located Shuamta Monastic Complex – New (Akhali) Shuamta Monastery and Old (Dzveli) Shuamta. These two monasteries absolutely differ from each other in architecture and were built at different times.
Old Shuamta monastery is a complex of several ancient churches. The small church is dated from the 5th century, the other two – bigger and smaller domical churches – the 7th century. The churches have paintings from the 12th century. New Shuamta Monastery was built in the 16th century. This monastery is still active
Sighnaghi – The defensive walls and 28 towers were built by King Erekle II in the 18th century against the Lezgian invasion. Little has changed here for the last 200 years. Besides the mentioned fortress, which is listed among one of the major and famous Georgian fortresses, today Sighnaghi impresses travelers with its unique charm, because a couple of years ago the main part was fully reconstructed and now it looks like a sweet fairy tale town with colorful houses, wooden balconies, flowers and amazing view to Caucasus Mountains. Sighnaghi is also known as town of festivals – folk music, dances, food and, of-course one of the biggest autumn wine festival is hosted exactly in this pretty town. Moreover Sighnaghi is called town of love – once decided you can have a wedding there any time, day and night.
Tsinandali – The estate of the Chavchavadze family – representatives of the 19th century Georgian aristocracy. A walk through the beautiful English-style garden will take you to the house-museum of the famous poet and duke Alexander Chavchavadze and the winery where you can taste some famous Kakhetian wines and visit the collection of old wines, the oldest going back to 1814.
Udjarma – The fortress is one of the most important Georgian architectural monuments of Early Middle Ages, due to its strategic location and value in the past. It was built in the 3rd century AD, as one of the Georgian kings’ and prince’s main residencies. Ujarma played a major role in protecting this part of Georgia from Arab and Persian invasions, and in the 12th century King’s family decided to keep it’s royal treasury here. Later, due to a number of historical factors like Mongol yoke, disintegration of Georgia, and local conflicts, development of Ujarma gradually declined. and from being a prosperous city turned into ordinary small settlement following by its complete havoc. | <urn:uuid:f3dd7960-d8e5-4b2d-a2e5-a0c1b8b4ef14> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://georgiavoyage.ge/tegionnniii/kakheti/?lang=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.969575 | 1,640 | 2.375 | 2 |
At Breast Cancer Now we’re steered by our world-class research. By funding over 360 of the brightest minds in breast cancer research across the UK and Ireland, we’re discovering how we can prevent breast cancer, save lives and live well with the disease. Giving us the power to drive forward progress on a global stage.
Find out more about our research and how it could change the future.
Knowledge is hope
Every day spent researching breast cancer is an opportunity to find new ways to prevent, diagnose, treat and help people to live well with the disease. We all rely on the hope that our research brings; hope that there can be a better future for people diagnosed with breast cancer. | <urn:uuid:7471e7cd-4a04-4304-8f7e-64ec8c693adc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://breastcancernow.org/breast-cancer-research | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.926286 | 144 | 1.992188 | 2 |
From left, 1st place winner in Child Category, Tortilla Chips by Mary Lou; 1st place winner in Youth/Teen Category, Queen of the Cards by Kalen Melton and 1st place winner in Adult Category Lace Up Green Chile Burlap Dress by Brenda Fleming and Modeled by Heidi Sheppard. Courtesy/LAC
Recycle Fashion Show Contestants. Courtesy/LAC
In Celebration of America Recycles Day, Los Alamos County Environmental Services Division staff hosted a Recycle Fashion Show Nov. 14 at Fuller Lodge.
The Recycle Fashion Show is an artistic expression of eco-conscious creations and is a fun event for people of all ages. Fuller Lodge was adorned in flowers and snap dragons fabricated by Derrick Voight using reclaimed rebar and recycled glass. Local resident Becky Dahl hand-crafted geraniums and beautiful poppy flowers using the bottoms of soda pop bottles.
Light refreshments were served using compostable cups, plates, napkins and utensils. There was essentially zero waste generated from this event, unless you consider all the glitter left sparkling on Fuller Lodge floor.
There were more than a dozen participants that ranged from children to adults, but to be eligible the participants were required to design outfits that were composed of at least 75 percent recycled content. The participants created the hottest trends in recycle fashion using an empty green chile burlap sack, melted tortilla chip bags, Peet’s Coffee bags, the infamous red Starbuck’s cups, and grandpa’s old playing cards.
Other designers created outfits that sent an eco-conscious message, especially the Queen of Amazon outfit created by Kaya Loy that reminds us of the “3.3 million shipping boxes that are used to ship Amazon products around the world.” The final message was “Recycle your cardboard boxes.”
Most people would consider themselves incapable of designing such extraordinary pieces; however, everyone can make a difference by reducing the amount of waste created, reusing materials if possible, and of course composting and recycling. | <urn:uuid:87297abd-6f84-41b6-b7af-a3bb4019ab64> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.therecycleguide.org/tag/recycle-fashion-show/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.934821 | 459 | 1.75 | 2 |
June 9, 2021
May 11, 2022
In this interview, we spoke to Alex Stephany, CEO and Founder of social impact startup and TechForce19 winner, Beam. Beam is a startup which crowdsources new career opportunities for homeless men and women, using technology to find scalable solutions to one of the toughest social problems.
In this interview, we spoke to Alex Stephany, CEO and Founder of social impact startup and TechForce19 winner, Beam. Beam is a startup which crowdsources new career opportunities for homeless men and women, using technology to find scalable solutions to one of the toughest social problems. Read this article to find out more about the latest 'Impact Report' they've launched which explores the impact of crowdsourcing and whether it could be used to solve other social problems.
I first got to know crowdfunding in 2016. I was CEO of JustPark - a VC-backed parking app - and we ended up pulling off what was the largest ever crowdfunding campaign for a tech startup. When I later left the company in search of running a company making a bigger social purpose, I started thinking about whether crowdfunding could be used to support the most disadvantaged people in society. This is what led me to starting Beam - the world’s first crowdfunding platform for homeless people.
The potential for crowdsourcing is growing every year, with the global crowdfunding market expected to triple by 2025 according to Fundly. What’s more, the Covid-19 crisis has seen a particular breakthrough for the use of crowdfunding in the public sector. For example, local authorities in the UK including Lambeth in London and Mansfield in Nottinghamshire have launched crowdsourcing campaigns through platforms like Spacehive and Crowdfunder to support their local communities. What once was exotic is becoming increasingly mainstream, helping public sector bodies to connect with their residents.
However, there is little data available on the impact of crowdsourcing, especially when applied to social problems. So we decided to take an in-depth look at this emerging model and whether it could be used to solve other social problems - from the refugee crisis to reoffending rates among prison leavers. We shared the findings in our Impact Report.
To start with, we analysed the effectiveness of Beam’s approach to crowdsourcing employment support for homeless people in the UK. Using Beam, homeless people can crowdfund whatever they need to support their progression into stable work in over 60 career pathways: whether that’s the cost of training, childcare, tools, textbooks or more. It’s a highly personalised approach that focuses on people’s unique strengths and needs. And the public can fund the progression of people out of homelessness with unparalleled transparency and efficiency.
At the same time, we are also able to use the platform to pool people’s social capital. Members of the public have sent thousands of messages of support through Beam’s tech platform while creating countless new opportunities. I think of Beam as an early example of how we can crowdsource solutions to a social problem: replacing a centralised, largely analogue one-to-many model, with an Internet-enabled, highly collaborative, many-to-many model. If you want an analogy: think the OED compared to Wikipedia.
Since launching in 2017, over 300 homeless people have started stable jobs, many of whom had been out of work for at least five years. A further 50 people have been supported into their own homes using this collaborative crowdsourced approach. We also looked at success rates: 76% of people who crowdsource employment support through us move into paid work. This compares to 31% on DWP’s Work Programme.
Graph: Percentage who start work with crowdsourced support versus comparisons
To understand the reasoning behind this, we dug into the four key barriers stopping homeless people from entering the workforce: poor wellbeing, financial barriers, limited incentives and inflexible support. When looking at existing programmes supporting people into work, none of them addressed all four barriers. For example, government programmes are not optimised to support people into well-paid work, and third-sector programmes do not have the funds to remove financial barriers. Therefore, people remain stuck in an unemployment trap for many years. Meanwhile a crowdsourced solution like Beam is able to address all four key barriers.
One person who has benefitted from this crowdsourced approach is single mum Christianah. After experiencing housing difficulties, Christianah found herself out of work and homeless. With Beam’s support, she was able to raise £4,557 from 223 supporters to pay for a dental nurse qualification and childcare. She’s now working full-time as a dental nurse and is able to provide for her family.
Beyond the individual success stories, we’ve also spent a lot of time understanding the economic impact of Beam’s crowdsourced model at scale. Our Impact Report shows that for every homeless person we support into work, the taxpayer saves on average £31,300 due to a reduction in welfare spending and additional taxable income.
Graph: Cashable savings per person starting work with crowdsourced supportSo what are the learnings for central and local government when it comes to crowdsourcing?
Together, we can use the power of the crowd to solve the most difficult social problems. As Geoff Mulgan, Professor of Collective Intelligence, Public Policy and Social Innovation at University College London, writes: “It is right that responsibility for dealing with entrenched problems should be shared – and that we as citizens should play our part.” | <urn:uuid:1d782a77-ff8c-4499-8c55-318ff3a3e033> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.public.io/blog-post/homelessness-tech-to-support-people-into-work | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.952755 | 1,131 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Lithuanian vandals stain WW2 monument
On the V-day eve, a group of people threw red paint at the monument to Soviet Soldiers in Lithuania’s capital Vilnius.
A short time later, counterterrorist units destroyed a suspicious bag nearby, which turned out to be a dummy explosive device.
Authorities suspect the bag was left by the same group that vandalised the statue.
The monument has been cleaned up and an investigation into the incident is underway. | <urn:uuid:e2203a3a-fc29-4a21-aa89-638e3e72dca2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rt.com/news/lithuanian-vandals-stain-ww2-monument/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.945429 | 99 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Plumbing Career Path & How Long It Takes to Become One
All of these are myths. They’re all about you, and not about plumbing.
So, what is the real deal? How long does it take to be a plumber?
Plumbing Training Certification Programs
There are numerous certifications and training courses for plumbers and plumbers assistants.
Most plumber training programs focus on the following areas:
- Piping Systems I & II
- Introduction to Blueprint Reading
- Basic Electrical Theory
- Basic Gas Theory
- Introduction to Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems
- Theory and Troubleshooting of Water Heaters
- Introduction to Gas Piping and Venting
- Introduction to Boilers and Steam Systems
- Water Distribution Planning
Most training programs are available online. These don’t require any previous plumbing experience, but they do require you to pass an exam after they’re completed. You’ll need to take classes for about three to six months for most of these courses.
There are also training courses that you can take over a longer period of time. The length of these courses varies depending on the individual. Many of these programs also give you the option to go through your training directly from a client’s business.
This is a great way to avoid wasting time and money taking courses for subjects you’re going to have no use for in the future.
People Also Ask (FAQs)
Habits are essential for successful people.
With good habits, you can rely on yourself to get things done.
With bad habits, you can live a life where you keep doing the same things, and they’ll always feel like a struggle, or you can rely on others to get things done.
Habits form the way that you do things. If you want to achieve the best results possible in life, build your habits around doing things that help you. | <urn:uuid:1c518908-a5f3-44c7-b6a1-70f6a599d402> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theskilledplumber.com/how-long-does-it-take-to-become-a-plumber/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.923637 | 403 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Big Brothers Big Sisters of Bradford County this week was awarded $205,547 in state funding to expand its mentoring program for at-risk youth in Bradford, Sullivan and Tioga counties, according to Rep. Tina Pickett (R-Bradford/Sullivan/Susquehanna).
The grant was made available through the Community Violence Prevention/Reduction Initiative and awarded by the School Safety and Security Committee.
Specifically, the grant will be used to establish a stable funding source for the mentoring program, which plans to hire a second specialist in order to increase the number of young people it serves. Big Brothers Big Sisters will also use the funding to create a new outreach called the “Amachi Program,” which will match children of incarcerated parents with adult mentors, often found through collaboration with area church congregations.
“Big Brothers Big Sisters does such great work in the three-county area, and I am pleased this program was approved for funding,” said Pickett. “The grant will allow the organization to reach even more young people and help them become responsible adults who contribute to the community.”
The School Safety and Security Committee awarded more than $7.5 million in Community Violence Prevention/Reduction grants to local governments, institutions of higher education and community-based organizations across the state. The 17-member committee within the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency was created as part of a comprehensive school safety law passed by the General Assembly in 2018.
Representative Tina Pickett
110th Legislative District
Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Media Contact: Andy Briggs | <urn:uuid:2815d2ae-8e5d-4fc4-ae00-2b4c00b369a9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.repmoul.com/News/16743/Press-Releases/Big-Brothers-Big-Sisters-of-Bradford-County-Awarded-State-Grant-for-Mentoring-Program,-Says-Pickett | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.946938 | 370 | 1.5 | 2 |
What does a member of SEAL Team 6 do after he’s killed the most wanted terrorist alive — the mastermind behind the worst attack on American soil since Pearl Harbor? He does what anyone else would do: He goes to Taco Bell. By himself.
No Easy Day apparently has heads fuming at the Pentagon, and author Mark Owen might be persona non grata with his former teammates (his real identity is known, but I’m still going to refrain from using it), but it’s a book that I’m glad he wrote. It’s a story that needed to be told, even if the timing of it could be called into question. And, while some of the information disclosed in the book is surprising, someone should remind the Navy SEALs that they were the ones who also worked with filmmakers on Act of Valor. Owen is most definitely one of the good guys.
There seems to be three factors that drove Owen to write the book. They are:
- To inspire other young men to become better than they knew they could ever be.
- To vent frustration over having to fight a war increasingly designed to protect the sensibilities of the politically correct civilian chattering class.
- To draw attention to politicians in Washington, D.C. who are much more of a threat to OPSEC than a retired SEAL.
As with other standout books by Navy SEALs, such as Marcus Luttrell’s Lone Survivor or Chris Kyle’s American Sniper, where the words make the book worth its hardcover price is in the personal story — not the details of any specific mission. You care about Owen not because he’s a Navy SEAL, but because he’s a good person. You want to keep reading his story — not because he’s a badass — but because he embodies the a kind of honor, commitment, selflessness and love of country that seems endangered in modern America.
The forward says it all:
‘No Easy Day’ is the story of “the guys,” the human toll we pay, and the sacrifices we make to do this dirty job. This book is about a brotherhood that existed long before I joined and will be around long after I am gone.
My hope is one day a young man in junior high school will read it and become a SEAL, or at least live a life bigger than him. If that happens, the book is a success.
It only takes Owen a quick 299 pages to complete his mission. It’s hard to believe that any young man could read No Easy Day without having his patriotic passions stirred.
Since Owen is a smart guy, he also provided plenty of lessons for public policy makers. Case in point:
It felt like we were fighting the war with one hand and filling out paperwork with the other. When we brought back detainees, there was an additional two or three hours of paperwork. The first question a detainee at the base was always, “Were you abused?” An affirmative answer meant an investigation and paperwork. And the enemy had figured out the rules. …
On more recent deployments, they started hiding their weapons, knowing we couldn’t shoot them if they weren’t armed. The fighters knew the rules of engagement and figured they’d just work their way through the system and be back to their village in a few days.
It was frustrating. We knew what we were sacrificing at home; we were willing to give that up to do the job on our terms. As more rules were applied, it became harder to justify taking the risks to our lives. The job was becoming more about an exit strategy than doing the right thing tactically.
The best trained, best equipped, most-disciplined fighting force in the world is asked to go to war — provided it’s a politically correct war. Al Qaeda members sleep soundly in their beds (or caves or on floorboards) because they know they can take advantage of the rules of engagement. “Shoot, move, and communicate” has become, “shoot, move, and do ‘sensitive site exploitation’.” SEALs need to spend endless amounts of time on each mission documenting everything for the kind of person who sees any U.S. military action as an Abu Ghraib waiting to happen. It’s sad and sick, it’s going to come back to haunt us, and it gets soldiers killed.
Mark Owen’s personality reminds me of a lot of the guys I once served with. He’s an intelligent guy, but he’s humble. He strives for perfection. He never gives up because failure isn’t an option. He’s a professional, and he most-certainly goes about his job with the ‘failure to prepare is preparing for failure’ mentality. He loves his country and has done amazing things for freedom and liberty. He’s a real-life hero, but at the end of the day he’s perfectly content … with Taco Bell. In short, he’s everything I’d like my future son to be.
I highly suggest No Easy Day. | <urn:uuid:611d8d1b-5e4e-4b8f-a195-e78994f42130> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://douglasernst.blog/2012/09/21/no-easy-day-the-firsthand-account-of-a-great-book/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.971027 | 1,079 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Delimitation is the process of dividing the country into constituencies and wards for the purposes of elections of persons
to constituency seats in the National Assembly and of councillors to local authorities. The process is carried out in terms of sections
160 and 161 of the new Constitution.
Constitutional provisions on delimitation
160 Number of constituencies and wards
- For the purpose of electing Members of Parliament, the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission must divide Zimbabwe into two hundred and ten constituencies.
- For the purpose of elections to local authorities, the Zimbabwe Electoral Commissionmust divide local authority areas into wards according to the
number of members to be electedto the local authorities concerned.
161 Delimitation of electoral boundaries
- Once every ten years, on a date or within a period fixed by the Commission so as to fall as soon as possible after a population census,
the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission mustconduct a delimitation of the electoral boundaries into which Zimbabwe is to be divided.
- If a delimitation of electoral boundaries is completed less than six months before pollingday in a general election, the boundaries so
delimited do not apply to that election, and insteadthe boundaries that existed immediately before the delimitation are applicable.
- The boundaries of constituencies must be such that, so far as possible, at the time ofdelimitation equal numbers of voters are registered
in each constituency within Zimbabwe.
- The boundaries of wards must be such that, so far as possible, at the time of delimitationequal numbers of voters are registered in each
ward of the local authority concerned.
- In delimiting-
(a) the boundaries of wards, the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission must ensure that noward is divided between two or more local authority areas;
(b) the boundaries of constituencies, the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission must ensurethat no ward is divided between two or more constituencies
- In dividing Zimbabwe into wards and constituencies, the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission must, in respect of any area, give due consideration to -
(a) its physical features;
(b) the means of communication within the area;
(c) the geographical distribution of registered voters;
(d) any community of interest as between registered voters;
(e) in the case of any delimitation after the first delimitation, existing electoral boundaries; and
(f) its population;
- and to give effect to these considerations, the Commission may depart from the requirement thatconstituencies and wards must have equal numbers of voters, but no constituency or ward of the local authority
concerned may have more than twenty per cent more or fewer registered voters than the other such constituencies or wards.
- After delimiting wards and constituencies, the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission mustsubmit to the President a preliminary report containing
(a) a list of the wards and constituencies, with the names assigned to each and adescription of their boundaries;
(b) a map or maps showing the wards and constituencies; and
(c) any further information or particulars which the Commission considers necessary; and the President must cause the preliminary
delimitation report to be laid before Parliamentwithin seven days.
- Within fourteen days after a preliminary delimitation report has been laid beforeParliament-
(a) the President may refer the report back to the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission forfurther consideration of any matter or issue;
(b) either House may resolve that the report should be referred back to the ZimbabweElectoral Commission for further consideration of any matter or issue,
and in thatevent the President must refer the report back to the Commission for that furtherconsideration.
- Where a preliminary delimitation report has been referred back to it under subsection(8), the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission must give further
consideration to the matter or issueconcerned, but the Commission’s decision on it is final.
- As soon as possible after complying with subsections (7) and (9), the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission must submit a final delimitation report to the
- Within fourteen days after receiving the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission’s finalreport, the President must publish a proclamation in the Gazette declaring
the names and boundaries of the wards and constituencies as finally determined by the Commission.
- If there is a discrepancy between the description of the boundaries of any ward orconstituency and the map or maps prepared by the Zimbabwe Electoral
Commission, the description prevails.
- Note: For the first election after the new Constitution comes into operation the new Constitution has a transitional provision that provides “the boundaries of
provinces, constituencies and wards as they were immediately before the publication day [of the Constitution] apply for the purposes of the first election.” | <urn:uuid:b228fe2b-6cd1-45f8-ba40-e054b6d580e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://zec.org.zw/pages/delimitation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.927264 | 960 | 3.203125 | 3 |
ESSEC Business School develops quality research in the field of operations management, service management and innovation.
In the field of the supply chain, the research activities of the Operations Management Department are focused on the definition of strategies and coordination mechanisms across the economic, informational, operational and environmental dimensions.
The department addresses other important research issues including:
- the design of effective production and physical distribution strategies,
- the optimal planning of the capacities, the organization of the global logistics, the optimal management of the purchases and stocks,
- the management of innovation and the management of services.
Within the framework of Operations Management and Operational Research cluster (OMOR), the department organizes seminars during which renowned experts expose their research in the field of operations management and operations research.
Members of the Operations Management Department publish in leading scientific journals such as Operations Research, European Journal of Operational Research, Journal of Operations Management, Production and Operations Management, Annals of Operations Research, International Journal of Production Economics, IIE Transactions, Transportation Science, etc.
The Operations Management department is active in the following fields:
- Supply chain management and logistics,
- Production and quality management,
- Purchasing management,
- New production development and service planning.
Its Faculty members teach in all of ESSEC’s full-time programs as well as in the ESSEC Executive Education part-time programs.
Information and contact
Jennifer Rodrigues da Silva, Tel. +33 (0) 1 34 43 32 08 | <urn:uuid:77e4f38a-8680-4189-a318-6f348e842837> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.essec.edu/en/pages/faculty-and-research/departments/operations-management/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.903377 | 318 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Our feet are the mirror of our health. They are a small map of our entire body. The reflex points for all our organs, glands and body parts are positioned on our feet exactly the same way as they are within and on our body.
Feet Reflexology is a therapeutic method that uses pressure on a certain reflex zone to relieve the energetic flow within our body. Our feet have points or zones that are connected to certain organs or parts of our body.
Waste products such as uric acid and calcium crystals can accumulate in our feet. They can be felt, if touched or pressed. When we massage these zones, we ease pain, increase circulation and improve our wellbeing.
Feet Reflexology helps eliminate stress and results in deep relaxation. By clearing blockages of our energetic ways it increases energy and blood flow through our entire body. It strengthens our immune system and is recommended for reducing high blood pressure. It helps against migraines, insomnia, asthma, backache, constipation. It also boosts wound healing processes. | <urn:uuid:be07e4f8-920b-4262-819f-382514ff6668> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://setinc.si/en/feet-reflexology | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.925885 | 209 | 2.625 | 3 |
Developing Servant Leadership in the Catholic Primary School
21st November 2012
9.30am – 3.00pm
|Participants||Archdiocese of Glasgow Principal Teachers and Deputes who aspire to Headship|
This course looks at supporting and developing leadership skills in the Catholic primary school.
|Provider||Archdiocese of Glasgow|
|Venue||Eyre Hall, Curial Offices, 196 Clyde St, Glasgow, G1 4JY|
0141 226 5898 | <urn:uuid:7bbf3ee1-3879-4053-81b8-e86c80c26c45> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sces.org.uk/developing-servant-leadership-in-the-catholic-primary-school-21-november-2012/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.85184 | 180 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Rub This Homemade Magnesium Ointment To Relieve Muscle And Leg Pains
Last updated on
Joint and muscle pain is something everybody experiences at some point in their lifetime. When people think of joint and muscle pain, they usually do not associate it with young children. But did you know that even children as young as 3 can experience these pains?
Growing pains effect approximately 25%-40% of children and usually strike during two periods: In early childhood, between the ages of 3 and 5 years, and later between the ages of 8 and 12 years.
Growing pains are generally reported to affect the legs, most children say that the pain is located in front of their thighs, in their calves or behind their knees. Growing pains often happen during the late afternoon or early evening, usually before the child is going to bed. The intensity of the pain varies from child to child. However, it has been shown to be painful enough to wake a sleeping child.
Fortunately, there is a natural solution to these pains. The recipe for a magnesium-based lotion has been circulating a lot around the homeopathic and alternative health community, and many people swear by its effectiveness at treating joint and muscle pains, and not only the ones caused by growing pains.
Before you look at the recipe for this “ointment”, let’s look at the amazing health benefits of its ingredients.
Magnesium Ointment Relieve Muscle And Leg Pains
First, we’ll start off with the main ingredient, which is magnesium. Growing pains (and other joint/muscle pain) are often caused by a mineral deficiency issue. Your bones are made up of a substance called collagen, which bonds with calcium to form the structure of the bone.
If a child has a magnesium deficiency, then this calcium will not be stable within the bones which causes the cramps known as growing pains.
Many people use pure magnesium oil to treat these pains, however, over time it can irritate the skin, which is why this ointment that is filled with beneficial ingredients can help to cushion the use of magnesium oil.
Extract from the arnica plant works as a great addition to magnesium oil. Its anti inflammatory properties can help provide pain relief from those suffering from joint and muscle pain, as the cause of these types of pain are often due to inflammation.
Arnica provides anti inflammatory effects by blocking the action of histamine, which is the compound released by your body that causes swelling.
- 3 ounces of arnica and comfrey infused oil
- ½ ounce of beeswax
- ½ ounce of stearic acid
- 1½ ounces of shea butter
- 1½ ounces of magnesium oil
- 1½ ounces of aloe vera gel
To make the arnica and comfrey infused oil:
Put two tablespoons of dried arnica flowers and two tablespoons of dried comfrey leaves in a jar. Fill the jar with about 6 ounces of olive oil. Stir and place the jar in a pot containing about two inches of water. Keep the pan on low heat for two to three hours. Make sure to keep an eye on it so the water does not evaporate and the herbs do not get fried.
- Place the arnica and comfrey infused oil, beeswax and stearic acid into a heat-proof bowl or measuring cup.
- Place the bowl in a pan, with a few inches of water in it and put it on a heating element on medium-low heat until the beeswax has melted.
- Turn off the heat and stir in the shea butter until it is melted. Take the pan off of the heating element.
- Remove the bowl or measuring cup from the pan and let it cool until a layer builds up at the top (like in the picture above).
- While this mixture is cooling, separately combine the magnesium oil and the aloe vera gel in a different heat-proof jar.
- Place the jar in the pan full of water previously used to heat up the wax mixture to let it warm, do not place it back on the heating element.
- Once both mixture are around body temperature it is time to combine the two.
- Slowly pour the magnesium/aloe mixture into the wax mixture while beating with a mixer.
Continue to mix for another three to five minutes, until the mixture begins to thicken and cool down.
Once the lotion is finished mixing, it is time to place it into a container. Although you can put it into any type of container you want to, except for metal ones as it will cause rust, it is advisable to pour it into a squeezable container for easy application.
This article was originally published on TheNerdyFarmWife.com. It is republished here with permission (in partnership with FamilyLifeGoals.com).
Some of the links I post on this site are affiliate links. If you go through them to make a purchase, I will earn a small commission (at no additional cost to you). However, note that I’m recommending these products because of their quality and that I have good experience using them, not because of the commission to be made. | <urn:uuid:9dc88796-e54a-4b3a-b96c-aee4d1695ec0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://juicing-for-health.com/homemade-magnesium-ointment-relieve-muscle-leg-pains | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.958401 | 1,093 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Ha bastante tempo que esta ideia de criar um blog sobre Blood Bowl me atormentava,por isso,hoje foi o dia em que o monstro ganhou vida...
Vai ser um forum escrito tanto em Portugues como Ingles,e vai orbitar em torno desse jogo que eu tanto adoro,BLOOD BOWL.
O que nao quer dizer que nao venha a ter noticias sobre outros jogos ou sistemas ;)
E,sendo este o primeiro post,lembrei-me de vos dar a conhecer um pouco do background do jogo por isso,e sem mais demoras,aqui fica o artigo em Ingles:
- Blood Bowl is a two-player, turn-based board game that typically uses 28 mm miniatures to represent a contest between two teams on a playing field. A board containing a grid overlay represents the field. Using dice, cards, and counters, the players attempt to outscore each other by entering the opponent's end zone with a player who possesses the ball.
The "Blood" in Blood Bowl is represented by the violent actions available to players. Game play is based on a hybrid of American Football, Rugby, and ultra-violent fictional sports events such as Rollerball. Players may attempt to injure or maim the opposition in order to make scoring easier by reducing the number of enemy players on the field.
The player races are drawn from the ranks of fantasy races and have characteristics that reflect the abilities of those races. Elves tend to be agile and good at scoring, while Dwarves and Orcs are more suited to a grinding, physical style of play. Players are also divided up into positions suited to their role on the field, including Throwers, Catchers, and Linemen.
In league play, players gain additional skills and abilities based on their accumulation of experience points. Players face potential injury or even death on the field throughout their careers. Teams improve by the purchase of off-field staff such as cheerleaders, assistant coaches, and apothecaries.
- The Blood Bowl universe has its own fictional background story which establishes the tone and spirit of the game. Additional background exists to describe the demeanor and character of the Blood Bowl players with frequent reference to rule breaking and excessive violence in a lighthearted manner. The over-the-top nature of the game is reflected through the game's mechanics, including the use of stylized secret weapons, the ability for large teammates to throw small teammates down field (even while they possess the ball), as well as in-game effects like fans throwing rocks and injuring players prior to kickoff.
Blood Bowl includes numerous tongue in cheek references to real life products and companies. The deity overseeing Blood Bowl is Nuffle - a pun on the pronunciation of NFL. The game spoofs at least three real-world companies, including McDonald's (McMurty's), Budweiser (Bloodweiser), and Adidas (Orcidas). Many team names in the game's background are spoofs as well such as the Orcland Raiders (Oakland Raiders) and the Darkside Cowboys (Dallas Cowboys). Famous sporting personalities are parodied as well, with the most famous (and oldest) coach in Blood Bowl's background being Tomolandry the Undying (Tom Landry), and one of the most recently added stars being the Ogre thrower, Brick Far'th (Brett Favre).
With the advent of the 3rd edition, Blood Bowl moved closer to the traditional Warhammer Fantasy Battle world by changing the miniatures to look more similar to their Warhammer Fantasy Battle counterparts. Jervis Johnson, designer of the game, has admitted this was not the best direction for the game, and has since stated that the Blood Bowl world is similar to, but definitely not the same as, the Warhammer world. Recent changes to the rules reflect this, and newer miniatures for the game look more sporty in nature. | <urn:uuid:ccbda984-7356-46bc-a9b5-098303c020ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://bloodbowlmayhem.blogspot.com/2009/08/e-assim-comeca.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.921979 | 843 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Visa has released the results of a new 2016 study conducted by Moody’s Analytics that analyzed the impact of electronic payments on economic growth across 70 countries between 2011 and 2015. The Visa-commissioned study of those countries found that increased use of electronic payment products, including credit, debit and prepaid cards, added US $296 billion to GDP, while raising household consumption of goods and services by an average of 0.18 percent per year.
In addition, Moody’s economists estimate that the equivalent to 2.6 million new jobs were created on average per year over the five-year period as a result of increased use of electronic payments. The 70 countries in the study make up almost 95 per cent of global GDP.
“Electronic payments are a major contributor to consumption, increased production, economic growth and employment creation,” noted Mark Zandi, Chief Economist of Moody’s Analytics. “Those countries which saw large increases in card usage also saw larger contributions to overall growth in their economies.”
“The Impact of Electronic Payments on Economic Growth” report also found that the electronification of payments benefited governments and contributed to a more stable and open business environment. Additionally electronic payments helped to minimize what is commonly referred to as the grey economy — economic activity that is often cash-based and goes unreported. As a result, electronic payments provided a higher potential tax revenue base for governments, while also bringing the added benefits of lower cash handling costs, guaranteed payment to merchants and greater financial inclusion for consumers.
”These findings reinforce the many positive benefits that electronic payments bring to local economies all over the world,” said Charlie W. Scharf, Chief Executive Officer, Visa Inc. “This research also suggests that the right public policies can create an open, competitive payment environment, and contribute to economic growth and job creation. At Visa we are partnering globally with governments, financial institutions, merchants and technology companies to develop innovative payment products and services that will accelerate electronic acceptance, grow commerce, and bring the benefits of card payments to more people everywhere.”
Highlights of the global study include:
- Growth Opportunities:
Card Penetration: Real consumption grew at an average of 2.3 percent from 2011 to 2015, of which 0.01 percent is attributable to increased card penetration. This implies that card usage accounted for about 0.4% of growth in consumption. Since consumption growth is, on average, faster in emerging economies, those countries also have more to gain by increasing card usage. Card Usage: Countries with the largest increases in card usage experienced the biggest contributions in growth. For example, big increases in GDP were recorded in Hungary (0.25%), the United Arab Emirates (0.23%), Chile (0.23%), Ireland (0.2%), Poland (0.19%) and Australia (0.19%). In most countries, card usage increased regardless of economic performance.
- Contribution to Employment:
Increased card usage added the equivalent to almost 2.6 million jobs on average per year across the 70 countries sampled between 2011 and 2015. Notably, the two countries with the greatest average job increases were China (427,000 jobs added) and India (336,000 jobs added), which both had large gains in employment because of the combination of fast growing labor productivity and increased card usage.
- Emerging Markets and Developed Countries:
Both emerging markets and developed countries experienced gains in consumption due to higher card usage. Increased card usage added 0.2 percent to consumption in emerging markets, compared with 0.14 percent in developed countries between 2011 and 2015. The corresponding figures for GDP were 0.11 percent for emerging economies and 0.08 percent for developed countries, and suggests that all markets, regardless of current card penetration rates, can benefit from increases in consumption due to increases in card usage.
- Potential Future Growth:
Across the 70 countries in the study, Moody’s found that each 1% increase in usage of electronic payments could produce, on average, an annual increase of approximately $104 billion in the consumption of goods and services. Assuming all future factors remain the same, this could result in an annual average increase of 0.04% to a countries GDP attributable to card usage.
The study highlights that expanding electronic payments alone will not necessarily increase a country’s prosperity — it requires the support of a well-developed financial system and healthy economy to have the greatest impact. The report recommends at a macro-level, to encourage the further electronification of payments, countries must promote policies that minimize unneeded regulation, create a robust financial infrastructure, and lead to greater consumption.
Regional highlights include:
• Contribution to GDP: African countries experienced, on average a 0.05% increase in GDP due to increased card penetration. Many African countries are in the early stages of developing their financial systems with appropriate infrastructure to support electronic payments. In the coming years, the increase in the use of mobile phone technologies to make payments is expected to increase electronic payments penetration. Increased electronic payment usage added US$70,000,000 to Kenya’s GDP from 2011 to 2015.
• Contribution to Jobs: African countries had the second lowest average number of jobs added per year from increased card usage (8 000), which is not surprising given the region’s low usage rates and developing financial infrastructure to facilitate electronic payments. Increased electronic payment usage created the equivalent to an average of 5,330 jobs in Kenya per year between 2011 and 2015. | <urn:uuid:7a9617b0-867a-456c-91fd-64dc01cee197> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aptantech.com/2016/03/10/electronic-payments-added-296-billion-to-gdp-of-70-countries-in-5-years/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.953031 | 1,122 | 2.453125 | 2 |
The Establishment in Pakistan refers to its cooperative federations of the powerful military-dominant oligarchy, and the consolidated intelligence community. This group of individuals, while not exclusively military, are considered key and elite decision makers in major public policy decisions ranging from national security to the defence policy and the use of intelligence agencies in Pakistan. Former President Ghulam Ishaq Khan President of Pakistan, Qudrat Ullah Shahab, Roedad Khan and Ijlal Haider Zaidi Defence Secretary of Pakistan are regarded to be the most influential figures and representatives of the Establishment of Pakistan. Since the 1988, at time when the Benazir Bhutto's government was in office, the Establishment gravitated the conservatism and nationalistic policies, in its political–intelligence spectrum, which were led under Nawaz Sharif.
Since Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto appointed General Abdul Waheed Kakar as the Chief of Army Staff, the support for democracy and civil liberties roughly depended on the attitudes of the Chief of Army Staff. General Kakar's appointment was highly crucial for Benazir Bhutto who gave the civil liberties to the people of Pakistan. However, during the 1980s, the Establishment under General Zia-ul-Haq whose idea of religious conservatism was the primary line of his military government, opposed any idea of "Freedom of Speech" and media independence as the suppression of media was continued during this period. In 2002, the military government of General Pervez Musharraf who as part of his "Enlightened Moderation", passed laws giving the news media more freedom.
Defence expert Brian Cloughley says: "All Pakistan's military coups have been bloodless, successful and popular – but popular only for a while. The trouble is that military people are usually quite good at running large organisations, even civilian secretariat, but generally fail to understand politics and the government, and the give-and-take so necessary in that esoteric world." At times when civilian leaders are ineffectual or accused of making secret deals with the west, public support for the establishment increases. On the other hand at the same time when military leaders are ineffectual and the chiefs of armed forces are accused of being weak on foreign policy support for civilian rule increases.
- Hyderabad tribunal
- Agartala Conspiracy Case
- Mehran bank scandal
- Operation Midnight Jackal
- Islami Jamhoori Ittehad
- Convention Muslim League
- Pakistan Muslim League (Q)
- Pakistan Muslim League (F)
- Without a trace The Guardian, March 16, 2007
- Musharraf’s respect for press freedom
- Army Allah and America on Pakistani pitfalls and the future of Egypt reuters.com
- MQM calls for martial law One India
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).| | <urn:uuid:9c8e74ea-6789-4065-9fd6-b251ac074e7d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Establishment_(Pakistan) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.938904 | 598 | 2.171875 | 2 |
“Diversity in the Garden” for the State Botanical Garden of Georgia began by using a diverse group of college-student interns to help design the 2021 AAS Display Garden. One student specializing in Environment + Design lead the project and worked with a group of student interns on a design that was approved and implemented by the group. Human diversity was the primary focus with a goal of having visitors enter the AAS planting bed and explore the plants up-close, and not just view them from behind a fence. Another type of diversity designed by the group was diversity in plant types and textures. Non-AAS winners like Muhley grass and sedges were used to provide such texture and create habitat for a diverse number of animal visitors. | <urn:uuid:c513d27a-2f53-4a2f-8284-6c138ecbf56f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://all-americaselections.org/project/third-place-winner-state-botanical-garden-athens-georgia-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.968666 | 150 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Dinosaurs are one of life’s most fascinating subject matters, spawning blockbuster films and entire careers in getting to the bottom of these bygone beasts.
Were they feathered? Did they roar? Were they as ferocious as depicted in modern media?
Well now is your chance to learn a little bit more about palaeontology and see the animals that roamed Earth before us as Dinosaur World Live comes to Hull.
The show will see dinosaurs such as the Segnosaurus, Triceratops, Giraffatitan, Microraptor and even a baby T Rex descend on Hull New Theatre this August, giving children the chance to help look after some of them.
The show’s writer and director, Derek Bond, has also revealed that an adult T Rex is on the way, so you had better keep your hands to yourselves.
He said: “It's an interactive show for anyone who loves dinosaurs aged three and up.
"The story is told to us by a character called Miranda. Her parents were paleontologists and they took her aged only two on a voyage across the sea to go visit an island where they heard legends that huge monsters still lived that would swallow ships whole and whoever went to the island never came back.
"The parents believed this might be an island on which dinosaurs could somehow still be living.
"So they go on this journey taking their baby Miranda with them but they get shipwrecked and get washed up onto this island and, low and behold, there are dinosaurs living on it.
"Miranda grows up amongst these dinosaurs and now, about 25 years later, they've managed to fix their ship and Miranda has brought some of these dinosaurs back to the UK.
"She's brought some of the dinosaurs people will know and love, so there is of course a T Rex who's called Titus and a Triceratops called Brutus. But there are also some dinosaurs that people perhaps won't have heard of before.
“There's an amazing one called Giraffatitan - they were enormous dinosaurs with very long necks in the same group of dinosaurs as Brachiosaurus, Diplodocus and Argentinosaurus; these enormous dinosaurs lived quite late on in the period that dinosaurs were around.
"There's also a Segnosaurus and a Microraptor - dinosaurs people might not be so familiar with but are really spectacular."
These obviously aren’t real Dinosaurs, despite what you might think after watching Jurassic Park, but are in fact fabulous puppets designed to look as lifelike as possible.
Mr Bond said: "The puppetry is absolutely amazing. The design and work that's gone into them is really incredible. Max Humphries is the puppet designer and maker.
"He's a complete genius and has worked with people like Cirque du Soleil. They look incredibly life-like, the way they move and the level of detail in them is really amazing.
"The puppets are controlled by people actually on the stage. A lot of the people who work on Dinosaur World Live have worked on War Horse at one time or another and it's an amazing skill our puppeteers have in that you see they are there but then you forget all about them."
While Dinosaur World Live is essentially a stage production, these prehistoric animals will be roaming around, getting up close and personal with children and families in the audience.
"Children have the opportunity to feed Juliet, the Segnosaurus, or help groom Orlando the Microraptor - and even take a baby T Rex for a walk up on stage,” said Mr Bond.
"And then after the show, because of course not everybody can get to do that during the show, everybody gets a meet and greet opportunity to meet some of the dinosaurs that have been in the show.
"Titus is quite unpredictable and Miranda does tell us about a previous show where there have been some unfortunate events related to Titus but if the audience help Miranda then Titus usually calms down eventually."
Dinosaur World Live at Hull New Theatre runs from August 9 to August 11, with several shows throughout the day at 11am, 2pm and 4.30pm.
Tickets cost £14 plus booking fee, and are available from the Hull City Hall Box Office or by calling 01482 300306. You can also book online here. | <urn:uuid:fb01d7f5-b5e8-4e2d-b202-571d1827b229> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/whats-on/family-kids/dinosaur-world-live-tickets-hull-1679409 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.974233 | 898 | 2.640625 | 3 |
For those of us making films before the digital camera revolution, cinema could sometimes be a messy business. At each step along the way, things could go wrong. In the worst case scenario, you lost your footage and had to shoot again. Although, sometimes some small error would introduce an imperfection into the footage that made it unique and somehow, alive. We find ourselves searching for ways to combine the old-school style with modern technology. With that, the SIGMA Cine Classic lenses have heard the call.
The Obstacles with Film
I don’t miss the celluloid days of film. I know big Hollywood movies still shoot film, but for independent filmmakers, the film process is prohibitively expensive, and has kept many stories from being told. One way filmmakers have been trying to recapture the old life and magic of film is by using vintage lenses, such as the Canon K35s. These lenses from the 70s have a pronounced flare and lower contrast compared to modern lenses, and were used on classics such as Alien as well as modern films such as American Hustle.
Apart from the extravagant cost, using 50 year old lenses creates a variety of issues. Such as, different qualities between lenses of the same set, decreased quality and often unreliable focus.
Enter the SIGMA Classic Primes. SIGMA took the same housing and elements as their excellent Cine primes and used different coatings (and sometimes uncoated elements) to produce a wonderful classic look, with low contrast, milky darks, ghosted highlights and pronounced flares.
SIGMA Cine Classic vs Original Cine
Like the the SIGMA Cine Primes before them, the lenses have a beautiful smooth bokeh from a 9-blade iris. As well as a universal 95mm front diameter for easy lens changes with a matte box or filter.
The lack of coatings on interior elements allow light to bounce within the lens, sending multiple flare iterations. This turns any bright source into a veritable firework. In my tests I noticed that the closer the light source to the lens, rather than its brightness, created the most flares.
Compared to the Cine Primes, the Classic Primes have two T stops less due to the refraction within the lens. T/2.5 (except the 14mm and 135mm at T/3.5). This is due to the bounce of the light off the interior elements. Even so, wide open, the lenses still have plenty of bokeh.
The lenses bring a unique character to the images they produce. Distinct from the sometimes unrelenting sharpness and fidelity of modern glass. Shooting with them captures the wonderful capriciousness and whimsy of celluloid, without the downside of cost or unreliability.
I’m personally glad that SIGMA didn’t decide to add a lower amount of flare and halation, splitting the difference between vintage glass and modern lenses. I admire their commitment to “go all in” and produce a set of lenses that has a strong unmistakable look.
Who are the SIGMA classics for? They’re best suited for projects that seek to create a world distinctive from our regular reality, be that a world of the past, distant future or those with a fantasy element. While still color accurate, the Classics are serve the function of rose-colored glasses that give the images they capture an other worldly, enhanced look.
Flare and Halation
The flare and halation in the lens bring added emphasis to light in the frame. SIGMA classics will have the most value in any scene or shot it with contrasting, chiaroscuro lighting, where bright and dark areas contact sharply for emphasis. This is because the lens adds character to bright highlights by flaring them, and these flare effects can best be scene in a darker ground.
Dark, moody scenes are also enhanced by this kind of lens because the milky tone the lenses add to dark areas, adding more shades of grey and life to dark areas.
If you’re looking for a super clean, pristine image, that pops with clarity and sharpness the SIGMA Cine Primes might be a better way to go. Also super low light shoots, like those at night with available light, are better suited to the latest coatings and faster T stops of more modern looking lenses.
There’s no reason why you couldn’t mix both lenses on a production for effect, with the SIGMA Cine lenses for the modern day story and Classics for a character’s childhood, or the same event from a more subjecting point of view. It’s these kind of subtle details that create subtext in filmmaking, and add to the power of the story.
The image feels so alive and unique, introducing a much needed burst of unpredictability and humanity back into the filmmakers palate. All while still maintaining modern reliability and consistency across the lens range.
The SIGMA Cine Classic primes are both a look back and a step forward in filmmaking technology. | <urn:uuid:f8fb1c9e-82b2-4606-af22-4aa44f0818f8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.sigmaphoto.com/2021/the-feel-of-film-with-sigma-cine-classic-lenses/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.926395 | 1,044 | 1.757813 | 2 |
This book provides a companion to Aleksandra Mir’s latest body of work Space Tapestry: Faraway Missions, exhibited at Tate Liverpool and Space Tapestry: Earth Observation & Human Spaceflight exhibited at Modern Art Oxford.
Inspired by the Bayeux Tapestry and the anonymous artists who depicted Halley’s Comet in 1066, the Space Tapestry is a large-scale, hand-drawn monochrome wall-hanging that forms an immersive environment. Much like a graphic novel, Space Tapestry tells an episodic visual story of space travel.
Over the past three years, Mir has maintained dialogues with professionals in the space industry and academia who have informed and inspired her. The work draws on themes relating to current debates, recorded events, scientific discoveries, technological innovations and predictions of imagined futures that currently affect all our lives.
This book contains both reproductions of the finished work and images from its collaborative creation with twenty-five young artists. It also contains sixteen in-depth new interviews with a wide range of professionals working in the space industries today, providing an intimate and informative insight into the present and future of space exploration.
Rebecca Charnock, Astrobiologist, Aberystwyth University
Stuart Eves, Lead Mission Concepts Engineer ,Surrey Satellite Technologies Ltd
Jayanne English, Astronomy Imaging Expert, University of Manitoba / Hubble Heritage Project
Helen Fraser, Astrochemist, Open University
Delia Di Filippantonio, Design Thinker, Satellite Applications Catapult
Alice Gorman, Space Archeologist, Flinders University, Adelaide
Sanjeev Gupta, Strategic Planner, NASA Mars Rover Mission
Andrew Kuh, Technical Regulations Manager, UK Space Agency
Marek Kukula, Public Astronomer, Royal Observatory Greenwich, London
Andrea Moretti, Network Control Centre Manager,Inmarsat
Thais Russomano, Medical Doctor, MicroG Centre / PUCRS University
Clara Sousa-Silva, Quantum Astrochemist, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
Jill Stuart, Space Law Expert, London School of Economics / METI International
Matthew Stuttard, Advanced Systems Architect, Airbus Defence and Space
Jan Woerner, Director General of the European Space Agency, Paris
Chris Welch, Director of the interdisciplinary MSc in Space Studies, International Space University in Strasbourg
About the Author:
Born 1967 in Lubin, Poland, a citizen of Sweden and the United States, and based in London, the artist Aleksandra Mir has an international practice of twenty-five years, with numerous exhibitions worldwide, including The Space Age, a retrospective at M-Museum, Leuven, 2013, and the 34m mural Drawing Room, London, 2014. She has developed many large-scale collaborative projects on space exploration. Her most well-known project, First Woman on the Moon (1999), has been touring for seventeen years and is included in the collections of The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum and the Tate. | <urn:uuid:52943cc4-c6d1-4fe4-a7e3-fba4a864c42e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://strangeattractor.co.uk/shoppe/cant-stop-thinking-future/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.859838 | 634 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Extreme-Tolerance Mechanisms in Meiofaunal Organisms: A Case Study With Tardigrades, Rotifers and Nematodes
To persist in extreme environments, some meiofaunal taxa have adopted outstanding resistance strategies. Recent years have seen increased enthusiasm for understanding extreme-resistance mechanisms evolved by tardigrades, nematodes and rotifers, such as the capability to tolerate complete desiccation and freezing by entering a state of reversible suspension of metabolism called anhydrobiosis and cryobiosis, respectively. In contrast, the less common phenomenon of diapause, which includes encystment and cyclomorphosis, is defined by a suspension of growth and development with a reduction in metabolic activity induced by stressful environmental conditions. Because of their unique resistance, tardigrades and rotifers have been proposed as model organisms in the fields of exobiology and space research. They are also increasingly considered in medical research with the hope that their resistance mechanisms could be used to improve the tolerance of human cells to extreme stress. This review will analyse the dormancy strategies in tardigrades, rotifers and nematodes with emphasis on mechanisms of extreme stress tolerance to identify convergent and unique strategies occurring in these distinct groups. We also examine the ecological and evolutionary consequences of extreme tolerance by summarizing recent advances in this field.
Rebecchi, Lorena; Boschetti, Chiara; and Nelson, Diane R.. 2020. Extreme-Tolerance Mechanisms in Meiofaunal Organisms: A Case Study With Tardigrades, Rotifers and Nematodes. Hydrobiologia. Vol.847(12). 2779-2799. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-04144-6 ISSN: 0018-8158 | <urn:uuid:49c1c9ca-7c6d-4559-b10b-7f0c712dadb9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/9097/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.884143 | 403 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Synergies, coalitions and partnerships between museums, cultural initiatives, civil society and beyond
As barriers fall between traditional cultural institutions and new initiatives in the arts, education and civil society, the time has come for museums to recognise synergies as their new capital. Creating a culture of collaboration – internally and externally – is a powerful tool to achieve increased effectiveness and prosperity.
Many museums around the world are building coalitions with diverse community groups and organisations and investing in synergies with unlikely partners – from bike tour organisers to tech start-ups, and from hospitals and homes for the elderly to theatres and corporations. Cultural organisations are realising that by sharing experiences and joining forces with other partners they become more relevant to their communities. Synergies have a multiplying effect on outreach and audience development, as well as on sustainability and financial growth.
This year’s Museum Conference will highlight inspiring examples of synergies and partnerships from the UK, the U.S., Germany and Greece. It will explore how museums and cultural organisations can embed diverse collaborations in their strategy and planning, and how they can invite different communities and initiatives to participate in a process of co-creation.
Our guest speakers will share their experience in public and private partnerships, conventional and non-conventional synergies, commercial and non-commercial collaborations, cross disciplinary and cross-sectoral coalitions.
Our invited speakers are:
- Carol Rogers MBE, Executive Director of Education and Visitors, National Museums Liverpool (UK)
- Thanos Argyropoulos, Managing Director, Marina Abramovic Institute (U.S.A.)
- Vassilis Ηaralambidis, Founder, Bios, Romantso (GR)
- Alexandros Kambouroglou, Executive Director, Athens Partnership, Municipality of Athens (GR)
- Yannis Koukmas, Director of Audience Development and Participation, Eleusis 2021 European Capital of Culture (GR)
- Barbara Polla, Founder, Sharing Perama Project (GR)
- Patrick Presch, Curator of Education, National Museums Berlin (Germany)
- Adam Rozan, Director of Programs and Audience Development, The National Museum of American History, Smithsonian; Adjunct Professor Harvard University Extension School (U.S.A.)
- George Sachinis, Co-founder, Urban Dig Project (GR)
- Scott Stulen, Director and President, Philbrook Museum of Art (U.S.A.)
- Monika Tsiliberdi, Policy Officer for Creative Economy, Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports (GR)
Simultaneous interpretation into/from Greek and English will be provided.
Admission is free and certificates of attendance will be provided.
|When||Thursday 29 November 2018, 09.00–19.00|
138 Pireos Street
118 54 Athens
The conference is organised in partnership with the Benaki Museum and the Embassy of the United States, with the support of the Goethe Institut.
Supported by the Athens Development and Destination Management Agency, through the R.O.C.K. project, co-funded by the Horizon 2020 programme of the European Union. The conference is taking place under the auspices of the Ministry of Culture and Sports and the Municipality of Athens.
|When||Friday 30 November 2018, 11.00–18.00|
|Where||HELEXPO (Aimilios Riadis Hall)
154 Egnatia Street
546 36 Thessaloniki
The conference is organised in partnership with The State Museum of Contemporary Art, The Macedonian Museum of Contemporary Art, the Goethe Institut and the U.S. Consulate General in Thessaloniki.
Supported by TIF-HELEXPO, under the auspices of the Ministry of Culture and Sports and the Municipality of Thessaloniki.
For further information, please contact Maria Papaioannou:
|Telephone||210 369 2336 | 210 369 2361| | <urn:uuid:37fb5d08-474b-4a51-ab6e-c20360071b48> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.britishcouncil.gr/en/events/co-museum | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.847046 | 1,107 | 1.648438 | 2 |
In this discussion we will investigate some examples of chemistry in relevant, real-life examples. We will relate these examples to the concepts we have learned in class so far.
This discussion will require you to do a little outside research. I will provide some links to relevant articles/websites to help get you started, however, feel free to use any reliable source of information. Please list any resources used in your post (a link to the article/web page is sufficient).
https:// href=”https:// rel=”nofollow noopener” target=”_blank”>https:// create a discussion entry based on the prompts below. The topic you will be talking about is Why is hand washing so effective at preventing the spread of coronavirus? Summarize your research making sure to include any relevant chemical reactions and/or chemical principles (i.e. solubility, structures, polarity, intermolecular forces, physical and/or chemical properties, equilibria, acids and bases, etc.). You must make sure to tie the examples to concepts we have learned in class. To receive full credit you must illustrate your understanding of the material by making connections, not simply summarizing what you read in the articles. Be specific. Feel free to use images in your discussion. Be sure to summarize all research in your own words and cite resources, plagiarism will not be tolerated and will result in a score of “0” and/or an report to Student Services.
The attachment files is an example of what I am looking for. | <urn:uuid:4948806e-1441-463c-9856-2c1947a8bb3c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://perfectmyessay.com/assignment-help-b11235-ra126548361/?share=facebook | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.893203 | 327 | 3.5625 | 4 |
What is a garden?
You’ve got a garden,
To one it is a piece of ground
For which some gravel must be found.
To some, those seeds that must be sown,
To some a lawn that must be mown.
To some a ton of Cheddar rocks;
To some it means a window box;
To some, who dare not pick a flower-
A man, at eighteen pence an hour.
To some, it is a silly jest
About the latest garden pest;
To some, a haven where they find
Forgetfulness and peace of mind. . .
What is a garden
Large or small
‘Tis just a garden
“What is a Garden”
Green Fingers (1935) | <urn:uuid:15506db9-1cb7-4c39-a19b-186b4e8bacab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gardengleanings.net/category/garden-verse/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.853864 | 186 | 2.09375 | 2 |
The V.I. Hotel and Tourism Association is going green with its participation in the internationally recognized Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE)’s Blue Flag Program. Five of the territory’s beaches have been nominated by the Hotel Association for inclusion.
“It’s a win-win for tourism and the environment,” Hotel Association President Lisa Hamilton told about 40 people Friday at the organization’s meeting at the Westin Resort and Villas on St. John.
The St. Thomas beaches are Lindbergh Bay in front of the Emerald Beach Hotel, Magens Bay and Great Bay by the Ritz-Carlton St. Thomas Hotel. On St. Croix, the beach at the Palms at Pelican Cove is on the list. Trunk Bay on St. John rounds out those nominated for Blue Flag certification. Read More.
EAST actively participates in public hearings with our comments. This
includes statements to the legislature, the coastal zone management
commission (CZM) and in other public forums. Please see a listing our
most recent statements here.
EAST- VICS testimony on Bill #28 -0191
…We wholeheartedly approve of this bill for health reasons but we would like to offer several reasons why it should be enacted from an environmental prospective. Carcinogenic emissions from cigarette smoke is harmful and deadly, we all understand that, but if we are about to ban smoking why not go after other emissions?…Read More
Earth Day Editorial
It was forty years ago this week on April 22, 1970 that the modern
environmental movement was born. Please take a moment this week and
celebrate the many events around the territory including our visit to
Bovoni to see what happens to our waste and the many ways to reduce
the waste stream into the landfill and be a part of the solution. The
first Earth Day in 1970 led to the creation of the United States
Environmental Protection Agency in December of that year, which led
later to the passage of the Clean Air, Clean Water, and Endangered
Species acts. Prior to the establishment of the EPA, the national
government was not structured to make a coordinated attack on the
pollutants which harm human health and our environment. Read More
Do you have an environmental concern? Email us! | <urn:uuid:c55bf19a-9e67-431e-ac4f-8f9527eaa612> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eastvi.org/public-statements/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.933307 | 480 | 1.65625 | 2 |
SEO simply understands that when customers search for keywords related to products / services, the website of the business is displayed on Google. Specialized term is search engine optimization.
What is Overall SEO Services?
Overall SEO is an SEO Service that helps not only a few keywords to the TOP but the number up to hundreds, thousands of keywords. Overall SEO service is very popular with customers because the amount of keywords on the TOP is varied and allocated at different buying stages: Know – Interested – Rate – Buy – After purchase. Therefore, potential customers will be very large.
Almost in all industries, it is suitable to use the Total SEO Service, in addition to bringing in traffic but also brand value.
Overall SEO Services Benefits
Helps increase maximum brand coverage
Not only do customers search for a certain keyword, customers search for a wide variety of keywords depending on each buying stage and each specific item. So, Total SEO Services helps no matter what keywords customers search for, the Website of the business will be on the TOP.
This helps customers recognize and see the brand at all times necessary, helping brand value increase with customers.
Help customer growth
The more people who search to access the Website, the more people are interested in it.
Therefore, when implementing Total SEO Services, Chip SEO will help customers increase customers as soon as the keywords on TOP Google.
In addition, with additional services such as running Re-marketing or Google Ads, Facebook Ads, Chip SEO also helps customers to advertise to reach all users who have visited the website of the business. This means that regardless of whether a user who accesses the Website makes a purchase or not, after logging out of the Website, businesses can also advertise and remarket them with banners on Youtube, newspapers or any Blog in the line. Hundreds of thousands of websites belonging to Google’s affiliate network around the world.
More efficiency in marketing activities
Website to TOP Google as a maximum support channel for the remaining channels even though you have no effective marketing channel or an effective channel.
For example, if you have a very strong Facebook channel and a lot of customers buy on Facebook, there will still be a higher number of customers who will search for that product on Google, and when customers search without seeing your appearance. , they may think differently about your strength and reputation.
Reduce the burden of advertising costs
SEO Website is a service that helps you appear on Google without paying for Google like Google Ads. Of course, you still have to pay a certain amount for SEO Services, but after TOP, you only pay a very small SEO maintenance fee compared to the cost that you pay for Google Ads monthly.
Overall SEO Services of Chip SEO
Chip SEO is an Agency focusing on consulting and implementing SEO Services in Vietnam, which focuses on three big cities: Hanoi – Da Nang – Ho Chi Minh.
Chip SEO is currently the leading SEO service provider in Vietnam with the strength of human resources in marketing – communication, with 10 years of experience with Google channel and a dynamic, passionate team of discovery. and find new solutions.
SEO Chip has implemented SEO Services for hundreds of customers and are committed to a 100% success rate in the implementation projects, there is always a clear compensation clause for customers if they do not meet expectations.
SEO Chip helps optimize Onpage not only good in terms of SEO standards according to Google’s indicators but most importantly, SEO Branding method of SEO Chip always focuses on building content to bring real value to customers. .
Once customers visit the Website, it is important to increase the rate of leaving information, contacting advice or buying products. SEO Chip will optimize the sales content, appropriate images, the functions needed to increase the experience and customer purchase rate.
The SEO Chip Method deploys the Overall SEO Service
Understand the market when implementing SEO Services
Depending on the scope of the business market for SEO Chip can advise appropriate SEO solutions. For example, if businesses have a market in one region or the whole country, the scope of SEO and how to implement SEO will be different.
Understand the product when implementing SEO Services
SEO Branding is the SEO method that takes the brand of the business as the foundation, so the SEO Chip will take the first time to learn about the products of the business that need to do. the more accurate the SEO plan.
Understand customers when implementing SEO Services
From information about markets and products, Chip SEO will take a step further into understanding customers to discover what their customers’ Insight is.
Customers want to find information at the stages of identification, evaluation, purchase and after purchase.
The more customers understand, the easier SEO Chip will build SEO plans and help businesses build websites in the direction of focusing on customers. At that time, not only did the Website reach the TOP, it also helped to increase customer growth.
Investigate keywords when implementing SEO Services
After getting to know the customers, Chip SEO will analyze the specific needs of searching customers’ information into different keywords.
SEO Chip will continue to provide businesses with important indicators such as each keyword is searched, how the trend of each keyword in the past and future will come, and the search scope will be concentrated in which city
This is a great help for businesses not only in the SEO project but also for more sound business decisions.
Investigate competitors when implementing SEO Services
The front page of Google only shows up to 10 results, so when you want to be on TOP 1, it means pushing your opponent in TOP 1 to TOP 2 or lower. Therefore, in Overall SEO Services, Chip SEO will research carefully the opponent to know the strengths and weaknesses of the opponent and compared to the Business Website itself to have an SEO strategy to shorten the time. and cost savings for businesses.
SEO Master Plan
This is the step that Chip SEO will summarize the above research and investigation plus build a specific project implementation plan, timeline specific tasks to ensure the project is implemented scientifically, Correct to bring about the overall SEO project success.
Building Onpage for Website needs Overall SEO
Onpage is a term in SEO that refers to the website itself. SEO Chip Branding thinking of SEO Chip is very important for this job. Google will choose among thousands, tens of thousands of different websites to find the best one that is ranked TOP 1 to 10 on Google, so all the things related to Onpage are SEO Chip optimized.
Building SEO standard content for the Website
Chip SEO realized, there are many websites are having 2 mistakes in building SEO standard content.
The first is that too many worthless articles do not stem from the need to find information of users and are not related to the services and products of the business. Not to mention these content articles, most of them copy and edit to repost on the Website. SEO chip calls but this content post is all the junk that needs to be cleaned up to clean and clear the Website rather than bring it back.
The second is that the posts of these posts are completely non-standard SEO as many think. Stuffing keywords into the article without respecting the content and the reader, writing rambling in the weight of the article, distributing keywords that confuse Google in the process of collecting information.
SEO Branding thinking of Chip SEO helps businesses build quality content system with 3 pillars:
- Content for Landingpage
- Content resolves customer issues related to the product
- Content solves customers’ need to find diverse information
Building an extensive social system
The way Google ranks Website is increasingly showing the importance of Social, Google wants your Website to not only be a Website but it must be a brand, a specific entity that exists externally.
Google also values businesses that have a large community, wide network and coverage everywhere on the Internet, so the Soical system is important so this is part of the work of SEO chip in the implementation of Overall SEO Services
Develop strong Offpage SEO system
Offpage SEO is the team of SEO when it comes to optimizing work outside the Website. In other words, when a business has a delicious website, Chip SEO will carry the Website to “promote” in the external environment.
This helps your website to be widely known, increase the reputation and rank of the website on Google.
Overall SEO Service Quotes
SEO Chip provides basic SEO quotes below, here is a demo quote for you to understand briefly. SEO Chip provides a detailed SEO plan with a quote for you when you register here or contact sales:
Overall SEO Services Process
Below is the process of implementing SEO Overall Service of Chip SEO, customers can grasp to implement SEO Services quickly and effectively.
Step 1: Receive a request for an SEO service consultant
Step 2: Work with a client to understand
Step 3: Prepare a preliminary SEO plan
Step 4: Present a project SEO plan
Step 5: Sign a contract SEO Services
Step 6: Deploying SEO projects
Step 7: Liquidation of SEO Services contracts
Step 8: Maintain SEO rankings | <urn:uuid:df1b23d8-ccef-42c5-bf32-7c9bebaf71b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chipseo.com/service/seo-overall | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.918287 | 1,843 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Steps You Can Take to Protect Sea Turtles:
Respect the turtles’ space: Do not touch turtles on land or at sea; do not approach nesting turtles, especially with lights.
Keep the beach and ocean clean: Litter can injure turtles foraging at sea or nesting on land.
Stay on the road: Driving on the beach may compact the sand above nests, killing entire clutches or trapping hatchling underground.
Never purchase sea turtle products: This includes turtle meat, jewelry or leather, or imitation turtle products that fuel the market for sea turtle products.
Safeguard natural vegetation: The root systems of beach plants protect nest from storms and erosion. The vegetation provides sheltered nesting habitat for hawksbills.
Redirect or turn off beachfront lighting: Lights confuse both adult and hatchling turtles, leading them inland instead of to the sea. Most of these will die.
Check fishing nets regularly and use TEDS: This helps to avoid drowning sea turtles while fishing. Ask the Ministry of Fisheries about using Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDS) on trawls and turtle safe hooks on longlines.
Keep pet dogs on a leash during beach walks: Dogs can dig up and destroy significant numbers of turtle nests, and also each emerging hatchlings.
Support the Nevis Turtle Group!
Donations to support the efforts of the Nevis Turtle Group can be directed to:
President, Nevis Turtle Group
St. Kitts & Nevis
Tel: 1869 665 1814
Fax: 1869 469 2464
* Please make monetary donations payable to the Nevis Turtle Group. * | <urn:uuid:654aa7b4-10f1-45f8-b54c-425a6a0664bc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nevisturtlegroup.org/how-to-help/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.833352 | 367 | 3 | 3 |
Yes, it's absolutely necessary. As you state, the primary purpose is to check the timing. It is far better to do this by hand and ensure the timing is right rather than to start the engine without it being in time and it trashes your entire valvetrain. When turning the crankshaft by hand, you can feel if there is any binding, which will allow you to double check things if needed. Also, just because you think you've gotten everything right doesn't mean it is. You can easily have one tooth off and it appear good at first. By the time you have turned it two full crank revolutions, everything will be as it is going to be with alignment. If something is off, it will show itself when you've completed this step. Belt tension in the wrong place us usually the culprit and can throw things off. Turning the crank two turns is a VERY valuable step in ensuring everything is right, so don't skip it.
Also, in reading the step after the step you've stated, part of the reason for turning the crankshaft over two turns is to ensure the tensioner is pre-tensioned correctly, then you torque it in place. This ensures your belt will stay in place as well as not get worn out too soon. | <urn:uuid:821d02a9-d8db-432c-b73c-5e191e8201f5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mechanics.stackexchange.com/questions/80813/why-do-i-need-to-turn-my-crankshaft-after-installing-a-timing-belt/80817 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.968514 | 261 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Helping keep our oceans clean is super important to us, but so is keeping our planet clean. That means using more eco-friendly products that use more renewable and sustainable resources and don’t deplete our planet or cause more greenhouse gases.
We have gathered together five of our favorite eco-friendly products. From kitchen sponges to dog food and treats, each of these products and companies focuses on using more sustainable sources, thus being more recycling friendly.
When we brought Nyk, our newest furbaby home, we knew that we wanted to provide him with wholesome, natural treats and food. There are so many options on the market, but so few use renewable or sustainable resources that are more planet-friendly.
So when we came across Chippin, we were intrigued.
Chippin is so different from any other pet product. The primary source of protein in their treats is, hold on to your hats, crickets! Yep, those noisy little bugs that keep you awake at night!
It turns out cricket protein is actually better for dogs than beef or chicken. It contains more protein and B12 than beef, and each bag of Chippin treats uses 40% less water to produce; how’s that for water conservation?
Mixed with other natural ingredients like blueberries, pumpkin, peanut butter, and even Spirulina for those vegan pups, they contain no protein by-products from mammals. This means they are filled with digestible proteins that use 80% less natural resources.
Their latest product addition, Silver Carp Daily Food, uses U.S. caught silver carp, an overpopulated and renewable resource for the main protein source. Matched up with other healthy and natural ingredients, it’s another way they are keeping their “carbon pawprint” low.
Each ingredient in all of the Chippins products is sourced from U.S. small to medium-sized farms or fisheries to help support small businesses and keep the country moving.
Nyk absolutely loves both the treats and daily food, and we love that he is getting healthy, sustainably produced nutrition that is developed with the guidance of board-certified vets and is baked, not fried, in small batches. Check out their story and products and use the code TeamNykRaidon10 to save 10% off your order!
If I told you that 1 billion plastic toothbrushes are tossed into landfills every year? Or what if I asked if you changed your toothbrush every 3 months as your dentist recommends?
Now, what if I told you that there is a way that you can stop the landfill issue AND get your toothbrush replaced every 3 months for $3.99 every 3 months?
That’s where re-brush comes in!
By using recyclable and sustainable products, they have come up with a handle made out of an aluminum alloy, similar to what soda cans and airplanes are made of. They paired that with a brush head made of a biodegradable thermoplastic derived from renewable resources like corn starch which is recyclable.
When you sign up for their subscription program, you get your first brush handle and brush head for $4.99, and then, every 3 months, you get a new brush head for just $3.99! That’s is significantly cheaper than plastic toothbrushes, AND you’re not adding to the landfills. Even the packaging is completely recyclable and 40% smaller than standard toothbrush packages. What’s great is that you can request a pre-paid return package and send back your used brush heads if you don’t have a recycling program near you.
Why spend all that money on plastic that ends up in landfills when you can help save our planet and save money with re-brush!
Kind Scrub Sponge
It may sound a bit weird that a sponge can be one of our favorite eco-friendly products, but it is.
The Kind Scrub Sponge eco-friendly, being free of glue, dye and is even hand sewn.
Made from plant-based, natural cellulose, even the scrubber is all-natural.
Since it is 100% natural, when it breaks down, it can be recycled easily without harming the environment. Plus, since it doesn’t have any added color, you don’t have to worry about it “bleeding” into your water or onto your dishes.
We have mentioned in several posts about our love of the ocean and how important protecting it is to us. Part of that includes using eco-friendly, ocean-friendly sunblock and haircare products.
Stream2Sea is our favorite simply because it contains no chemicals that will harm the environment, and, as a company, they are very active in helping to save our oceans and marine life.
While there is a myriad of products that claim to be safe for the oceans, very few really are. The truth is, many still contain the chemicals that are slowly killing the coral reefs and marine life. While they may say “reef safe” on the package, once they break down in the water, they can actually be more toxic.
With chemicals like Zinc-Oxide, Parabens, Formaldehyde, Phlataes, and more, many sunscreens are not only bad for the environment; they are bad for you. Would you like those chemicals in your body? Chances are, your skin is absorbing them every time you use products containing them, just as the marine life and coral reefs do when you jump in the water with these on your body.
Stream2Sea products start with a core of “good for you,” natural products like a nutrient-rich antioxidant blend of organic.
Wakame, Green Tea, Tulsi, & Olive Leaf. Every product is biodegradable and safe for the environment, both above and below the waves.
Besides biodegradable sunblock, they have hair and skincare, the all-important hand sanitizer, and neck gators made out of recycled polyester that is UPF 40+ safe.
Even the packaging is eco-friendly. The tubes are made from sugarcane resin, the large 32-ounce bottles are made from recycled milk jugs, and the plastic bags are made with biodegradable and recyclable PLA film.
Stream2Sea is the only mineral-based, reef-friendly sunblock that is safety tested and proven to be safe on fish and coral larvae. It is also the most recommended brand on the island of Cozumel, which has strict standards regarding sunblock to help keep the Mesoamerican reef system safe. We learned that important fact before we took our trip to the island in 2019.
Save 10% off your purchase and learn all about their mission to help save our oceans and marine life at Stream2Sea.com
If there is one thing that you can do to reduce landfill volume and protect our oceans, it is this – stop single-use plastic!
When it comes to starting your own eco-friendly lifestyle, it is super easy to reduce single-use plastic use by investing in a reusable bottle or two. But all bottles are not created equally. Some are still made of plastic which defeats the whole purpose, and some do nothing to give back.
Ocean Bottle is different!
Produced from PBA-free plastic, silicone rubber, and recycled plastic, with a stainless steel interior and award-winning design, each bottle sold helps remove the equivalent of 1000 plastic bottles from our oceans. Oh, and did I mention that they also give back by donating a portion of every bottle purchased to Plastic Bank?
Plastic Bank is an organization that employs people in places like Haiti and Indonesia to collect plastic from the beaches and oceans, and in turn, they pay them via IBM blockchain. This not only helps remove the plastic from the environment but also improves the lives of those involved by helping them earn a fair wage to help their families and communities.
By teaching communities the importance of ending single-use plastic through education and employment, they are helping decrease the amount of plastic in the oceans and give communities a sense of pride at the same time.
Through this program, over 1,200,000 kilograms (that’s over 2.6 million pounds) of plastic has been removed from the oceans and landfills. That’s more than enough bottles to cover over 179 football fields! Imagine going to a football game and watching the players run through plastic bottles – yuck!
Visit Ocean Bottle and read all about their mission, the work they do, the message they have, and pick up your ocean bottle today.
While April is officially “green month”, it takes every one of us, every day, doing our part to change habits and start using products that are better for our environment.
We can’t just be eco-conscious one month of the year!
After all, we only have one big blue orb we call home, and unless we all pitch in and start some housekeeping, mother nature will kick us out! | <urn:uuid:7ac13547-d673-4f65-9371-69fa5813e4c3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lifewithoutaroadmap.com/5-ecofriendly-products-that-we-absolutely-love/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.953707 | 1,913 | 2.375 | 2 |
Virtuous and Morality
hold world with virtue, hold will with high aspirations
“Virtuous and Morality” is the character and quality of Jichai. Jichai, built in 1920, has a profound historical and cultural heritage, forms a kind of virtuous and inclusive character. In the process of building an international enterprise, Jichai will carry forward the traditional virtues, highlight the inherent quality, and constantly promote scientific and harmonious development.
Aggressive and initiative
Keep forward with keen determination and self - discipline
"Enterprising" is the characteristic of Jichai. Enterprising is a positive status, is the cornerstone of the promotion and breakthrough, is the guarantee of enterprise eternal vitality. Only by keeping a positive and enterprising spirit and constantly striving for self-improvement, can jichai continuously obtain competitive advantages and remain invincible.
Credibility and integrity
Integrity is the traditional virtue of Chinese nation, as well as the basic requirement of market economy and the Jichai’s foundation capital, development basic and reputation source. Only hold integrity as the basic in the process of communicating with customers, partners and relevant stakeholders, can Jichai win the market and benefit.
Creation and Innovation
Innovation is the powerful guarantee in winning market for enterprise, the key element in reinforcing enterprise competitiveness and the basic condition in achieving industry leader. Jichai strives to create an innovative atmosphere and promote the sustainable development with eternal innovation. | <urn:uuid:73b78038-004e-4d11-aa16-8c7ea4cfc5d4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.shunxingglove.com/aboutus/gongsiwenhua.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.920762 | 313 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Rules happens to be an orderly strategy of rules enforced and produced by governmental or social organizations to by law manage habits from the general population area, dependent on extended-standing up discussion. It can also be called the art and science of law. Within the field of law there are numerous subsets. Each sub-subject features its own part of exercise, created to fulfill the unique needs on the appropriate area.
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From the division of general public legislation you will discover offender laws, civil legislation, management law, probate legal guidelines, spouse and children rules, along with other these types of sections of legislation. Unlawful legislation relates to the discipline for crimes, whilst civil laws and regulations manage conflicts somewhere between confidential get-togethers (litigation) throughout the general public legal system. The illegal justice system plus the civil proper rights process interact with each other to deliver justice to individuals who have decreased sufferer to delinquency and crime.
Running a business regulations you can find commercial legal guidelines, business rules, intellectual property or home legal guidelines, collaboration legal guidelines, and commercially produced rules. You will find different kinds of firms, which includes single proprietorships, minimal liability firms, corporations with shareholders, cooperative firms, joints endeavors, and enterprises without the need of gives. Mental real estate laws are meant to safeguard the privileges of corporations on their services and products versusdeception and imitation, and plagiarism. These laws also help you to clearly define the romantic relationships which exist amongst businesses and their shoppers. Company laws also impacts costs, choosing strategies, agreement terms and conditions, together with other parts of running a business. Regulating marital life and separation. That is certainly there are numerous intercontinental contracts that are classified as appropriate records that have an effect on business regulations.
One area of exclusive regulation that impacts all claims in America. This is referred to as ‘marital law’. When they fail to use jointly, the require may go close to the state ability, for most suggests the couple ought to get a divorce to be recognised. Once the application has become sent in using the courtroom, it should be acknowledged in any other case the couple will have to repeat the process using the condition power. Numerous regions made very similar laws and regulations and for that reason we now have national and world-wide guidelines surrounding divorce process and marriage.
A major section of any legal system is justice, so that the law and its particular enforcement behave as an unbiased method to obtain justice for everyone men and women. There are lots of different types of justice, just like civil, treatment, offender, correctional and economic. Civil justice manages arguments among non-public functions with regards to their proper rights and properties. Illegal justice works with crimes which can be determined in opposition to community or government companies. When criminal acts are determined to protect against world, it tumbles within the category of criminal proper rights. When criminal acts against government organizations appear it is actually considered correctional proper rights.
Legislation is predominantly defined by exactly what makes it possible for or prohibits. It may be deemed a ethical law if a thing is forbidden legally. A ethical regulation is commonly viewed as more important when compared with a regulations that only prohibits points that are finished. There can be a trouble somewhere between moral and authorized key points, primarily where an individual takes into account a thing as bad and the other spots it in different ways. Here is where a utilitarian view of what the law states is needed.
Utilitarians think that if there is an objective common of morality then regulations will usually complement what is the best for humankind. Which means that laws and regulations will always really exist to circumvent acts of physical violence in opposition to other men and women, regardless how the latter may experience or treat individuals topics. In accordance with utilitarian concept, there is absolutely no reasons why specified activities are ideal yet others are wrong, so it is irrelevant if the victims are human dog, or inanimate. If legal guidelines ended up based on morality then there could well be no need for discipline, since everybody would react just as they would like to.
The challenge confronted by most these days is if morality and utilitarianism are two various things or when they are one in the exact same. Many individuals join equally ethical and utilitarian landscapes with the law, however, if it comes down to it there is absolutely no suitable respond to. Only you, when the evaluate, can select which perspective is suitable. Seek information, review your way of life, and determine by yourself which viewpoint is considered the most moral and the most utilitarian – after all, that is the best way you can possibly determine if possibly is wrong or right on your behalf.
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The objective was to investigate definitions of frailty used in studies of multi-component health promotion and disease-preventive (HPDP) intervention programmes for community-dwelling frail elderly persons and to review the content, organisation and effects of HPDP interventions. A systematic review of 19 articles was made, and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was used as a structural framework for the analysis. The result shows that a consensus was reached on including various aspects of impairments in body functions and structures as an integral part of the frailty concept, with the exception of one subgroup: mental/cognitive functions. Additionally, opinions varied quite consistently regarding aspects of activity limitations and participation restrictions, personal and environmental factors. Ten of the 14 HPDP programmes covered various intervention elements referring to all four ICF components. Eleven programmes involved registered personnel only, while a more divergent pattern was seen in the remaining organisational aspects of the interventions: length of interventions and location plus age segments, participatory approach and contextual information, as well as the theoretical foundation of the interventions. Measures of body functions and structures were significantly improved in 5 out of 17 (29%) targeted aspects. For activity and participation, 12 out of 32 (38%) targeted aspects were positively changed, while the score for environmental factors was 7 out of 22 (32%), and for personal factors 8 out of 22 (36%). Our review suggests that further research is needed to explore and disentangle the complex interrelationships between various interventions and outcomes.
- Övrig annan medicin och hälsovetenskap (30599) | <urn:uuid:127fb35c-75bd-4eb6-856e-5964c199e48d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://researchportal.hkr.se/sv/publications/multi-component-health-promotion-and-disease-prevention-for-commu-2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.931118 | 351 | 1.875 | 2 |
Blast cleaning is a common procedure that is carried out to remove contaminants from metal or other types of surfaces. It is usually done in industrial settings to remove sharp objects or contaminants that might be lodged on the surfaces of machines. These exposed surfaces need to be thoroughly cleaned before a fresh coat of paint is applied, otherwise the contaminants will prevent the paint from sticking on the surface properly. Blast cleaning is just one of many types of pressurised cleaning methods, which also include the following:
- Abrasive blasting
- Bristle blasting
- Glass bead blasting
Blast cleaning in Paisley is a common service offered by a number of different companies. If you want to have proper blast cleaning done, there are several things that you need to keep in mind.
Choose a Weekend
The procedure for blast cleaning usually takes several hours, and can even take several days depending upon the kind of work to be done. Therefore, it is recommended that you choose to schedule these services on the weekend, as this will give you more time to prepare and make sure that there are no disruptions to your work.
Before you decide to have blast cleaning work done by any company, you should always get a quote from several businesses. This will give you an idea about how much the whole process is going to cost and will help you decide on the most suitable option. These are just a few things that you should know about proper blast cleaning. | <urn:uuid:b06400c5-887f-49cd-9ae9-9dc7feaecbc8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shiawase-home.com/blast-cleaning-what-you-need-to-know/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.964421 | 293 | 1.742188 | 2 |
AUSTIN, Texas–On his first day on the job, President Biden signed 17 executive orders that lead America into a new era of hope, including two orders that have a great impact on the Latino community.
Holding true to his promise to human rights groups, voters and border communities, President Biden signed two executive orders that end the national emergency at the border and stop all further construction of the border wall, and another that reestablishes protections for recipients of the Deferred Action for Children Arrival (DACA) program while also rolling back immigration policies so that families aren’t separated and enforcement focuses on larger threats.
In Texas alone, more than 167,000 people have benefited from DACA since 2012. President Biden also submitted an immigration bill to Congress that could provide 11 million undocumented Americans, including 1.7 million Texans, with an eight-year path to citizenship. The bill also provides DACA and Temporary Protected Status (TPS) recipients an opportunity to gain citizenship through this process.
Texas Democratic Party Chair Gilberto Hinojosa issued a statement:
“President Joe Biden wasted no time working to protect the rights of our DACA and TPS brothers and sisters and the estimated 11 million undocumented Americans across this country. For years, entire families have lived in fear and in the shadows due to the cruel and xenophobic immigration policies of the previous administration. Democrats everywhere, especially our Latinos across the state, can celebrate that we have entered a new day in America where our President will fight hard for every single person who calls this country home.” | <urn:uuid:206735f6-4181-4a5b-9d95-648e53f1b6d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://texasdemocrats.org/media/president-biden-announces-executive-orders-that-will-positively-impact-latino-communities/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.950951 | 320 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Ever startled someone by your handshake? Not because of your grip but due to the dryness and roughness of your hands? Well, it might not have happened to you but it does to so many other people. Environmental factors such as cold, dry air and exposure to the sun can leave your skin looking like sandpaper. Furthermore, corrosive elements that you encounter during the day are also likely culprits.
Not only are rough and dry hands a psyche bummer, but they are also unsightly and prone to infection. There’s some good news; getting your soft hands back is actually possible! This may require the use of oil massages, scrubs, and protective measures among others, all which you can easily do on your own.
Below, we have outlined ways on how to soften rough, dry hands. We have also gone ahead and included information on the causes, dangers, and prevention of the condition.
What Causes Rough, Dry Hands?
Understanding the causes of dry and rough hands can go along way in helping you to choose the right remedy. While the causes range from exposure to elements and substances that you come into contact with, skin diseases and side effects from medication can also contribute to the condition.
Dry air, the kind that is usually seen in colder months, is a common cause of dry hands. Without water in the air, moisture is drawn from your skin, leaving it dry and prone to flakiness. Exposure to extreme sunlight for a prolonged time will also dry out your hands. This can be made worse by the wind which makes it hard for the skin to retain moisture.
Your hands collect dirt almost constantly during your interactions with your environment. While washing ensures cleanliness, too much time in water could be the reason behind dryness. Water draws away moisturizing oils from the skin leaving your hands dry.
Prolonged exposure to water also hampers the skin’s ability to rejuvenate its oils. Although it can be argued that water moistens your hands, as the water evaporates, it leaves your skin dry and tight.
- Detergents and Soap
The detergents that you use to hand-wash your clothes could be corroding your hands; the same goes for some bathing soaps. This is common in old-fashioned bar soaps and some commercial cleansers whose formulations are harmful to your skin.
Harsh soaps usually contain potent antiseptics and irritating chemicals such as tetrachloro-salicylanilide. Also known as TSCA, the ingredient is prohibited by the FDA for use in cosmetics due to the risk of causing skin disorders. Even with the warning though, the compound still finds its way into soaps and detergents
What kind of chemicals do you come into contact with day in day out? This could be at work or through the use of chemical-based products at home. Common chemicals in this category include hydrogen peroxide, sulphuric acid and any acid for that matter, imidazole, bromine, and amines.
These corrosives can be in the form of liquid or gases. Apart from degrading your skin, if inhaled, fumes from chemicals such as ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen chloride will harm your body internally.
- Skin Diseases
Skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis can damage the integrity of your skin. These are diseases that make your skin, patchy, dry and rough. Your hands can also get itchy and flaky. In particular, people who suffer from eczema develop symptoms on their hands. This has been noted to occur in about half the people with the condition.
Other diseases associated with dry hands include actinic keratosis, a condition which appears on areas of the skin most exposed to sunlight. Also, if you are prone to sunburn, your hands may peel leaving softer skin layers exposed to the elements; the end result which is drying, more peeling and roughness.
- Daily Chores
Handling machinery, driving, washing your car, handling gym equipment, gardening, etc. are just but a few examples of things that your hands may have to undergo in the course of your busy life. Your hands dry out with every task. The skin rejuvenates but overworked hands will often harden, crack and become rough.
- Improper Skin Care
Not following a proper skincare routine which works for your skin type can damage your skin. For example, if you have overly dry skin and you don’t include a good moisturizer in your regimen, your hands will only get drier.
Your choice of skincare products can also contribute to skin damage; think of products laden with fragrances and preservatives. Such products have been associated with triggering allergic reactions and skin irritation- leading to dry and rough hands.
- Medication Side Effects
Some medications list dry skin as a possible complication or side effect. This can range from oral to intravenous medicines. Diuretics for high blood pressure can dry your skin, as well as give your skin a scaly appearance.
Any medication that suppresses the production of skin oils can also be blamed for dry hands. Such includes topical acne medication and antihistamines.
What Happens to Rough, Dry Hands?
Dry and rough hands are usually not a major concern. However, if left untreated, you may end up with a host of problems. For starters, microscopic cracks may develop on your palms. These can be itchy and painful. You also run the risk of infections which use the cracks as a gateway into your body.
Simple actions like applying body lotion can prove difficult due to the roughness of your hands. Also, bacteria and toxins can collect in the cracks and find their way into other areas of your skin through contact. This can aggravate other skin conditions such as acne, skin sensitivity, and dermatitis.
How to Soften Rough, Dry Hands
Softening dry rough hands is a continuous process that might need to be repeated regularly as long as the causes or the condition exists. Adopting regular skincare routines and strategies, and the use of some easy treatments can go a long way in giving you baby-soft hands. Here are a few to try.
1) The Overnight 3-step Treatment
This involves exfoliating, moisturizing and overnight gloving.
This is getting rid of the dead skin that is responsible for the roughness. When you exfoliate, you leave your skin fresh and ready to absorb the moisturizer. You can buy exfoliants from your beauty store or make your own DIY exfoliant at home.
To exfoliate properly, use warm water to wet or wash your hands. Apply your exfoliant generously on each hand and rub thoroughly for up to 5 minutes. Rinse your hands and dub them with a soft towel to dry them completely.
Moisturization is meant to lock in moisture or restore moisture that has been lost. For great moisturization effect, choose a cream that has been specifically indicated for use on hands because it is usually thicker. Be on the lookout for ingredients such as B vitamins, shea butter, retinol, lanolin, and hyaluronic acid among others.
Dab lots of the moisturizer on your hands and pay special attention to areas between the fingers, cuticles, and the palms. If you feel like you have excess, then you probably have the right amount as the idea is to let it absorb into your skin gradually.
Gloving your hands keeps the cream from rubbing off while locking it in to soak into your skin. For maximum results, leave the gloves on for up to 6 hours which is why they are recommended for overnight use. If you don’t have gloves, mittens or socks can also work.
Repeat the process once or twice weekly for the softest hands.
2) The Deep Conditioning Salve
This comes in handy when your hands are not only dry and rough but also peeling and cracking. The salve helps in healing and conditioning your hands. Rub it on your hands regularly until you see desirable results.
3) DIY Remedies for Rough, Dry Hands
There are ingredients that you can use to soften your hands right from your home. These are remedies that help to exfoliate, moisturize and restore your hands to their softer self naturally.
Here is a hotlist of the best DIY solutions for rough and dry hands.
- Olive Oil
Olive oil comes with antioxidant properties making it perfect for keeping damaging free radicals off your hands. This helps in repairing damaged skin. This is not all, coconut oil is also laden with essential fatty acids and vitamin E, agents that help in moisturizing and nourishing your skin. You can use it in two different ways:
Apply a liberal amount of olive oil on your hands and massage gently. Let it be absorbed before resuming your chores. For best results repeat in the AM and PM. If your skin is also flaky and needs to be exfoliated, mix olive oil and brown sugar to make a paste. Message using the paste for about 5 minutes then wash off with warm water.
Honey is a natural moisturizer and has been used for ages to heal damaged skin. It also has antioxidant properties which aid in keeping your skin looking young.
Apply a few drops of the honey on your hands let it be absorbed then wash off with lukewarm water. You can also add some olive oil or coconut oil to make the remedy more effective.
Avocado comes with antioxidants, minerals, vitamins, and essential fatty acids. As such, its oil will treat dry hands and act a natural sunblock. It also has antimicrobial properties which help in getting rid of harmful bacteria on your hands. Studies have also suggested that avocado oil used in combination therapy can treat skin diseases such as psoriasis.
Cut a ripe avocado, mash the flesh into a paste, and massage the paste into your hands. Let it absorb for about 15 minutes. Wash off with cold water and repeat twice daily. You can add almond oil and honey to make the remedy more efficacious.
- Aloe Vera
Aloe vera is mother nature’s answer to many skin problems. When it comes to dry hands, it moisturizes, soothes, heals and lightens dull skin. Aloe vera gel contains amino acids which have been noted to soften hardened skin and reduce flakiness.
Cut a succulent aloe vera leaf lengthwise. Rub the clear gel on your hands and let it absorb. Leave it for about 20 minutes before washing off with warm water. Repeat twice daily for best results.
- Coconut Oil
Applying coconut oil moisturizes and softens your dry hands. Unlike most natural oils, coconut oil does not become rancid- a simple way of saying it doesn’t go bad, hence there is no need to wash it off. It’s also a natural exfoliant and anti-inflammatory agent, properties that help in healing dry skin without causing any irritation.
Apply virgin coconut oil on your hands and let it absorb. Leave it for the rest of the day and repeat at least twice daily for desirable results.
4) Medical Treatments
Medical treatments are necessary when the condition does not get better with the above treatments, gets out of hand or is as a result of underlying medical conditions.
Signs such as bleeding, extreme redness, inflammation, discoloration, or open wounds should also be indicators that you need medical attention. The treatments chosen by your doctor are dependent on your specific condition. For example, your dermatologist may prescribe topical corticosteroids for eczema and psoriasis.
How to Prevent Rough, Dry Hands
If you can maintain soft hands, you wouldn’t have to deal with their rough, dry counterpart. The following tips can help you achieve this:
- Don’t wait for your skin to become dry for you to start moisturizing, use a moisturizer at least twice daily and reapply after washing your hands or doing any activity that makes your skin dry.
- Use sunscreen to protect your hands from the drying effects of sunlight exposure.
- Use a humidifier during winter to adjust the humidity in your home and especially in your bedroom to fight off dry skin.
- Only use soap to clean your hands when necessary. Soaps contain chemicals that are known to dry out the skin. If you must, use gentle, lipid-free soaps.
- Avoid over-washing your hands as this strips them of the natural oils that keep your skin moisturized.
- Keep off alcohol-based hand sanitizers as they dry out your skin.
- If you spend lots of time with your hands in water, use gloves to protect them.
- Instead of using hot air dryers, pat your hands dry with paper towels
Rough, dry hands is a common problem in many people. Several factors contribute to the condition, among them environmental, health and lifestyle. Knowing what is causing dry hands is key to reversing the effect. Besides adopting skincare habits to regain softer hands, you might need to make a few adjustments to either get rid of the causes or lessen their blow. That’s not all; it is important to also keep your hands from drying in the first place. The tips above will help with this and if you are already a victim, keep the situation from worsening. | <urn:uuid:7f1e305f-bdd9-4e21-b8a1-70b34729d418> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://amoremiog.com/how-to-soften-rough-dry-hands/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.946669 | 2,811 | 2.625 | 3 |
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Asian eggplant shows promise in the field and in greenhouses
Don’t underestimate eggplant. With increasing immigration of Asians to Canada, this category is quietly growing with local production of Chinese long and Indian round varieties. The Vineland Research and Innovation Centre is studying both field and hydroponic production of eggplant with results that pique the interest of long-time growers Jason and Shirley Su. Their son Henry came home to the Simcoe, Ontario family farm last year to learn the ABCs of eggplant. First lesson? This member of the Solanaceae family requires diligent leaf removal so that the skin isn’t scratched. Photo by Glenn Lowson.
CFIA extends comment period on chlorothalonil
CPMA hosts Passion for Produce Program Page 11 FOCUS: Water management and irrigation Section B
Volume 66 Number 04 P.M. 40012319 $3.00 CDN
Eggplant, a member of the nightshade family, is coming into the sun. This oft-ignored vegetable is becoming more visible in produce aisles as Canada’s South Asian immigrants demand the tastes of their childhoods. Statistics Canada reports that imports of eggplant have risen 32 per cent between 2011 and 2014 and reached nearly 24,000 metric tonnes. Those trends have encouraged long-time zucchini growers, Jason and Shirley Su, to plant 10 acres of Chinese long eggplant for the last two years at their Simcoe, Ontario farm. With origins in rural China, they are familiar with this eggplant which is sweeter than the black-skinned Sicilian varieties. There’s a good chance that Chinese long and Indian round varieties will catch on because they aren’t bitter and can be quickly cooked without
much preparation. Retailers are eager to showcase locally-grown eggplant during the summer months. With the farm’s reputation well-established with retailers and future prospects looking bright, son Henry Su decided to come back to the farm in 2015. His communications degree from University of Toronto/Mississauga will never be out of place. It’s his work ethic, developed through figure skating at the national pairs level, that will propel him forward. “In my first year back at the farm, I’ve realized that farming has changed,” says Su. “Farming today is more than physically caring for your plants. It’s not just who can grow the best but it’s the business connections and bringing new products forward.” Su admits that it’s tough for small farms to survive, however adding Asian eggplant to their farm’s roster looks like a path
Farming today is more than physically caring for your plants. It’s not just who can grow the best but it’s the business connections and bringing new products forward. ~ HENRY SU
forward. The seedlings start in a greenhouse then are transplanted into plasticulture-covered rows with drip irrigation. His first lesson? Eggplant requires a lot of labour to trim the lower leaves so that they don’t scratch the delicate skin and reduce marketable yields. Labour is also needed to harvest on a daily basis. Fortunately, Vineland Research and Innovation Centre (Vineland) is finetuning the best production systems for field eggplant that will be economically viable. As Viliam Zvalo, Vineland research scientist, vegetable production
explains, there are a number of challenges. First, eggplant is susceptible to soil-borne diseases such as Verticillium wilt and Fusarium wilt. These fungal pathogens enter through the roots and cause premature leaf drop. When the house of photosynthesis is destroyed, fruit production shuts down. To date, fumigation has been the standard method to rid the soil of these robbers, but those practices may soon evolve to other ways of controlling disease.
CONTINUED ON PAGE 3
PAGE 2 –– APRIL 2016 THE GROWER
AT PRESS TIME… Plugs for payment protection program
Hon Mark Eyking addresses the Canadian Horticultural Council delegates in Ottawa on March 10. While Prime Minister Trudeau was in Washington for an official state visit on March 10, NDP MP Tracey Ramsey (Essex) was calling on the Liberal government to introduce a payment protection program for Canadian fresh fruit and vegetable producers, in a motion tabled in Parliament. “Canadian produce growers have been asking the government for a payment protection program for years,” said MP Ramsey. “Conservative inaction on this file has negatively impacted this important industry and I urge the Liberal government to resolve the issue by year end.” Ramsey’s motion (M-49) calls on the government to
introduce payment protection for produce growers like the Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act (PACA) in the United States by September 30, 2016. It also calls on the government to negotiate with the United States to restore Canada’s privileged access under PACA by December 31, 2016. “The Windsor Essex Chamber appreciates MP Tracey Ramsey’s leadership on getting PACA on the national agenda,” said Matt Marchand, president and CEO of the Windsor Essex Regional Chamber of Commerce. “It’s a top issue for agri-food exporters in the Windsor-Essex region and is key for us to maintain our goal of doubling agri-food exports by 2020.” “Ensuring that growers are paid for the product they grow is a fundamental requirement for sustainable communities. Currently our produce farmers do not have that protection in the marketplace and we look forward to having this issue addressed,” added George Gilvesy, chair of the Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Growers. The same day, Hon. Mark Eyking told delegates at the Canadian Horticultural Council annual general meeting that the prime minister’s delegation had been well briefed on this issue in advance of the Washington trip. As chair of the international trade committee, he was positive about movement on the file.
Non-browning potato approved in Canada Health Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency have approved J.R. Simplot Company’s Innate potato for planting in Canada. It has low asparagine which means up to 70 per cent less acrylamide when cooked. And it has reduced bruising and browning which means less waste. The potatoes have been developed through a cisgenesis process, that is using genes from the same species. In this case, the company used genes from both wild and cultivated potato species. Health Canada does not require a label indicating that Innate potatoes are genetically engineered, because nutritionally, they are the same as conventionally grown potatoes. The U.S. Department of Agriculture approved the first generation of the Innate potato in 2014, with the Food and Drug Administration following about a year ago. It’s been sold in the U.S. since last May under the White Russet brand and is available in supermarkets and for food service. Growers are already looking towards the second generation of Innate potatoes which promise to be resistant to late blight, cutting the need for protective sprays of fungicides. Field researchers estimate that this trait may result in a 25 to 45 per cent reduction in annual fungicide applications.
2016 CHC Board of Directors, (L-R): Peter Swetnam (Atlantic), Adrian Huisman (Ontario) Brian Gilroy (Ontario), Alvin Keenan, first vice president (Atlantic) Keith Kuhl, president (Prairies), Bar Hayre (BC), Jocelyn St-Denis (Quebec), Ernie Van Boom (Prairies), Fred Steele (BC), Anne Fowlie, executive vicepresident, Stephanie Levasseur (Quebec). Photo courtesy of Trevor Eggleton, CHC. Delegates to the Canadian Horticultural Council have elected Keith Kuhl, a Winkler, Manitoba potato grower, for a fourth time to the role of president. Committee chairs are: Murray Porteous, labour committee; Mark Wales, finance and business management committee; Ken Forth, trade and marketing committee; Charles Stevens, crop, plant protection and environment committee; Jack Bates, industry standards and food safety committee, John Bareman, potato committee; Brian Gilroy, apple and fruit committee; Phil Tregunno, tender fruit section of the apple and fruit committee; Jack Bates, blueberry section of the apple and fruit committee; Bill George, grape section of the apple and fruit committee; Linda Delli Santi, greenhouse committee; André Plante, vegetable committee. CHC’s Doug Connery Award was presented to Claude Laniel, one of Quebec’s foremost organizers of the province’s horticultural industry. He has been involved as rural economist, promoter of CanadaGAP as well as research and development. At the Canadian Food Safety Forum, NSF-GFTC recognized Canadian companies and individuals who have contributed to providing excellence in food safety. The Holland Marsh Growers’ Association took second place in the Food Safety Excellence Award category. The award was accepted by Bridget Visser, communications and Jody Mott, executive director. Canada’s Outstanding Young Farmer contest has announced apple growers Andrew and Jennifer Lovell, River View Orchards, Keswick Ridge, New Brunswick as 2016 winners of the Atlantic region. In Manitoba, the winners are potato and grain farmers Jason and Laura Kehler, Carman. The Canadian championship will be held in Niagara Falls, ON from November 29 to December 4. At the International Fruit Tree Association (IFTA) annual conference, outstanding award recipients included: Amy IrishBrown, a Michigan State extensionist for the Extension Award; Dr. Randy Beaudry, Researcher Award for pre-harvest maturity and post-harvest storage work at Michigan State University; Ed Wittenbach, Grower Award; Ken Hall, Industry Service Award; Harold Thorne, IFTA Hall of Fame. BASF Canada presented the Cuvee Vineyard of Excellence Award to father-and-son duo Howard and Wes Lowrey at the Cuvee Grand Tasting in early March. The company is also hosting 10 of the top viticulture students from each of Brock University and Niagara College, giving them a chance to network with leaders from the Ontario wine industry. The Alberta potato industry welcomes Dmytro Yevtushenko, Ph.D., to the position of research chair in potato science at the University of Lethbridge. The five-year appointment is funded by a consortium of association and industry partners. For more details, see page 5. The Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA) welcomes Mackenzie Lespérance as the weed management lead – horticulture crops, while Kristin Obeid is on maternity leave. From her base at the Harrow Research and Development Centre, she will be focusing her efforts on greenhouse trials for herbicide resistance screening, collaborative work with the University of Guelph on herbicide resistant pigweed in carrot production and other projects.
APRIL 2016 –– PAGE 3 THE GROWER
Asian eggplant shows promise in the field and in greenhouses CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 Zvalo’s research is focusing on a novel method of overcoming soil-borne diseases. His team has been grafting different field eggplant varieties onto tomato rootstock to produce more diseasetolerant plants. This startling idea makes sense with the knowledge that eggplant and tomatoes are botanical cousins. They both belong to the Solanaceae family. The practice of vegetable grafting is new to North America, but has been used in vegetable production in Asia for decades. Tests so far have yielded mixed results in a non-fumigated field. “The grafted plants were very healthy,” says Zvalo, “but the plant is so vegetative that flowering and fruit set is delayed by three weeks. By the end of the season, yields catch up however farmers need a supply for the whole summer to fulfill their retailer contracts.” In 2016, six different rootstocks will be tested. While the colour and quality of fruit pass muster, the researchers are hoping for more timely flowering and fruit set with different rootstocks. As Henry Su experienced, one of the key hurdles in field eggplant is protecting the skin from leaf damage. To that point, Vineland’s team is staking the beds eight to ten feet apart to prevent leaves scratching the fruit during wind storms. These various trials are expected to finetune recommendations to farmers by 2018. That’s when Zvalo hopes to be in technology transfer mode with a goal of 20 farmers across Canada. A handful of growers in British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia are keeping close tabs on Vineland’s research as they experiment with their own field trials. Just as interesting are the studies of hydroponic cultivation of Asian eggplant, both Chinese long and Indian round. Again, the
technique of grafting new varieties onto Maxifort F1, disease-resistant, tomato rootstock is proving a winner. Last year’s trials were encouraging in terms of yield. The Long Purple F1 variety, for example, yielded 85 per cent more harvest compared to its non-grafted mates. One of the secrets in eggplant growing is to keep iron levels high to maintain vibrant skin colour. Greenhouse-grown eggplant is also susceptible to the usual insect suspects: thrips, aphids and mites. Biological pest control has been proven to preserve yields. One of the strengths of Vineland is its focus on the value chain. These new varieties must succeed not only agronomically but in terms of taste with consumers. “Unfortunately, these greenhouse-grown eggplant varieties yielded well but did not fare well in eating tests in Sobey’s test kitchen,” says Zvalo. Undaunted, Zvalo has narrowed the field to two varieties of Chinese long eggplant and added another two varieties for 2016 trials. They will be tested on different rootstocks. “2016 is an important year for our eggplant trials,” says Zvalo. “We are looking for the best combination of rootstock and scion to produce 3540 kg per square metre per year. These are the yields necessary for an economic tipping point.” Last year’s trials were conducted during spring and fall cycles. The question is can these newer grafted varieties produce year round in a greenhouse environment that will be challenged by stressful summer-time temperatures. So far, greenhouse growers have tracked Vineland’s hydroponic eggplant research with interest. Already successful with baby peppers and cherry tomatoes, they can see potential in marketing “baby” sweet eggplant. The trio of vegetables are all members of that sunny Solanaceae family.
Viliam Zvalo research scientist, Vineland Research and Innovation Centre, is finetuning the economics of hydroponically grown eggplant. So far, the secret has been to graft eggplant onto Maxifort F1, disease-resistant, tomato rootstock. Indian round eggplant is shown below. Photos by Denis Cahill.
Potato crop yields monitored by satellite
Climate change affects seed breeders
Bi-national blueberry council established
Iceless Brussels sprouts debut
The Belgian potato processing industry is embracing the iPOT project, which collects data from the ground, from air-borne drones and from space-based satellites. The intensive research is building on impressive growth to 80,000 acres of potatoes in 2014. Now that Belgium is the world’s largest exporter of frozen potato products – eclipsing the Netherlands, Canada and the U.S. – the industry must find ways to be sustainable. By the end of the project in May 2017, researchers expect that for each potato field, it will be possible to: • Estimate the plant phenological stage as well as the plausible harvest date; • Estimate the risks of production or quality losses on the basis of temperatures, rainfall and soil moisture data as well as the plant crop status; • Assess the field spatial variability • Forecast yields all along the growing season
Syngenta, active in breeding tomatoes, peppers, cabbage varieties and melons, is increasing efforts to respond to climate change. While factors such as yield, flavour, convenience and sustainability are important traits, the company will be focusing more intently on the cold and heat tolerance of crops. “We are now looking to develop more robust varieties that have more flexibility,” says Jérémie Chabanis, global value chain manager lead for Syngenta, based in Europe. Warmer weather is confusing the growing season in southern Europe. The company is searching for varieties that keep well during a warm winter and dry summer. They must also be resistant to diseases that are migrating from south to north.
When U.S. secretary of agriculture Tom Vilsack recently visited Lima, Peru, a parallel announcement was made about the U.S.-Peru Blueberry Council (USPBC). This is the first bi-national council for the blueberry category, including top blueberry producing, packing, exporting and importing companies in both countries. The goal is to increase new market-access opportunities between both countries. Well-known companies are involved including: Naturipe and Driscoll’s of California, North Bay Produce of Michigan, Camposol, Talsa and ProArandano of Peru. Bi-national co-chairs are Brian Bocock, Naturipe, U.S. and Miguel Bentin, ProArandano, Peru. The council’s first order of business will be to support the development of phytosanitary initiatives at a bilateral level.
Source: The Grower research
Mann Packing, based in Salinas, California, is launching two iceless Brussels sprouts products: shaved or trimmed. Trimmed at the stem, this new product eliminates labour for chefs or foodservice and delivers a manageable quantity with less food waste. “We’re comparing these Brussels sprouts products to what iceless green onions have done for the foodservice industry – providing a classic, iceless pack in a user friendly format without the wax carton and mess,” said Gina Nucci, director of foodservice marketing at Mann’s. The shaved product delivers a blend of consistent, 1/8-inch cut leaves along with the planks of the sprouts. This format is ideal in raw salads or slaws, or in flash sauté or high-heat roast applications. Source: FreshPlaza.com
PAGE 4 –– APRIL 2016 THE GROWER
CROSS COUNTRY DIGEST BRITISH COLUMBIA
Lower prices for ugly produce strikes chord with consumers Aware of the trend to marketing second-grade or ugly produce, BC Fresh Vegetables (dba BCfresh) has launched its own brand: Farmer’s Keepers. “This is a new opportunity for us to market produce that may not meet our own grade one standards, but is a real advantage to customers looking for a great price,” says Brian Faulkner, vicepresident, sales and marketing, B.C. Fresh Vegetables. Based in Delta, B.C., he says that first efforts have been with yellow and red-skinned potatoes. Tenpound bags of Farmer’s Keepers generally retail in the realm of $3.99 or less. The positioning of the brand is to appeal to those who are savvy with ingredients and who know that the produce is nutritionally sound, except for a blemish or two. The experiment with the 2015 crop of potatoes has resulted in
many truckloads moved to market, mostly in British Columbia, but also to the prairies. With that first-season success, carrots will be next. Faulkner says there are no extra promotion dollars spent on Farmer’s Keepers. For the 60 farm families that grow for the BCFresh banner, it’s a good initiative Potato planting of early varieties started in late February in BC’s Fraser Valley with first harvest expected in May. Locally grown produce is in demand every month of the year. With no dehydration plant in close proximity to take these “seconds,” the prospects of selling these potatoes are encouraging, returning more money back to the growers. As Faulkner talks about the success of the project, he quips: “Beauty is only a peeler away.”
Apple growers hit sweet spot with Outstanding Young Farmer award First-generation apple growers Andrew and Jennifer Lovell of Keswick Ridge, New Brunswick were chosen as the 2016 Outstanding Young Farmers (OYF) for the Atlantic region at a recent awards event
in Charlottetown, PEI. Andrew and Jennifer own and operate River View Orchards (www.seerivervieworchards.com), a diversified u-pick farm market operation that includes apples, pears, plums,
strawberries, raspberries, pumpkins and other vegetables. They host school tours, operate an agricultural fence and orchard trellis construction service, and host farm-themed birthday parties.
“It’s so refreshing to see a young couple such as the Lovells getting started in a farming career,” says Jack Thomson, past chair of Canada’s Outstanding Young Farmers program. “Our industry depends on innovative and fresh ideas, and we must create an environment that encourages new farmers to enter the sector. Andrew and Jennifer have embraced the industry and created an educational and fun atmosphere that brings their customers closer to the farm. That’s a critical connection that’s important for our entire industry, and we congratulate Andrew and Jennifer on their commitment and passion for agriculture.” The Lovell’s story of how they got into farming is different than many. Neither of them grew up on a farm, but Andrew had dreams of owning his own farm for years. And in 2012, their dream came true when they purchased a farm that can trace its roots to the original land grants in 1784. Andrew manages the farm operation, and Jennifer continues her work as a full-time nurse. Their goal is to grow their farm to be large enough that one day their children Robert (11) and Elsie (4) can carry on the family farm, if they choose. Andrew and Jennifer focus on providing high-quality fresh produce and delivering customer satisfaction. Along
with their diverse u-pick operation, they grow apples for the commercial market, and the first Fuji apples ever planted in New Brunswick. They welcomed more than a thousand school children to their farm in the past year to learn about agriculture, pick apples, take in a guided educational hike around the farm, and wander through a corn maze. They have further diversified by offering an agricultural fence and orchard trellis construction service and even host farm themed birthday parties including wagon rides, giant sandbox, bouncy castles, kite flying and UTV rides. Off the farm, Andrew gives back to the industry as a director of the New Brunswick Agriculture Alliance, chairs the committee that’s establishing the Agricultural Coalition to provide management services for New Brunswick commodity groups, is current chair of New Brunswick Apple Growers Association and sits on the Apple Working Group of the Canadian Horticulture Council. Jennifer volunteers with church and children’s activities. Canada’s Outstanding Young Farmers for 2016 will be chosen at the National Event in Niagara Falls, Ontario from November 29 – December 4, 2016. Source: Outstanding Young Farmers news release
APRIL 2016 –– PAGE 5 THE GROWER
CROSS COUNTRY DIGEST ALBERTA
Potato industry funds research chair Funded by a consortium of association and industry partners, the University of Lethbridge has appointed Dmytro Yevtushenko as research chair in potato science. “Thanks to the Potato Growers of Alberta (PGA) and the remarkable people at the University who have the vision for the potato and agriculture in Alberta, I can start this program in a relatively short time,” said Yevtushenko, who arrived in January 2016. The PGA, McCain Foods, Lamb Weston and Cavendish Farms have invested $1 million over five years to establish the Chair in Potato Science. Western Canada has few researchers dedicated to the potato industry and the new chair will enhance and expand the current capacity. The PGA is a non-profit potato grower organization working to increase the success of the Alberta potato growing industry, currently worth $1 billion annually. “Local growers and processors welcome Dr. Yevtushenko and we are eager to start working with him,” says Terence Hochstein, the PGA’s executive director. “Our membership identified a need for universitylevel research and education in the potato industry and we are excited to have Dr. Yevtushenko and his expertise available to us.” Yevtushenko plans to coordinate his research programs with the needs of the local industry. His major research interests are in the areas of plant biotechnology and breeding, with focus on crop improvement and food safety using modern techniques that involve molecular biology, plant tissue culture, and genetics. While he has researched many plant species, he prefers working with potatoes. His experience working in the plant biotechnology industry has given him an appreciation for the concerns of producers. He has a broad range of research expertise, including development of potato genotypes with wide-spectrum disease resistance and large-scale production of virus-free seed potatoes in vitro. Among other projects, his research plans include improvement of tuber yields through epigenetic enhancement of current potato cultivars and speeding up the potato breeding process using innovative methods. Yevtushenko was born in central Ukraine and attended Kiev State University, as it was then called. He wanted to be a scientist ever since he was in middle school and he arrived at university wanting to study
nature and the environment. He discovered a passion for plant biology and completed a Ph.D at the Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering in Kiev. He came to Canada for a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Guelph. Since then, he’s worked at the University of Victoria and held various other positions.
He has a broad range of research expertise, including development of potato genotypes with wide-spectrum disease resistance and large-scale production of virus-free seed potatoes in vitro.
Source: University of Lethbridge newsletter
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Always re ead and follow w label directions. AgSolutions is a registered trade-markk of BASF Corporation; SERCADIS is a trade-mark of BASF SE; all used with permission by BASF Cana ada Inc. © 2016 BASF Canada Inc.
PAGE 6 –– APRIL 2016 THE GROWER
CANADIAN HORTICULTURAL COUNCIL ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
More than money is at stake in emergency management
Source: AAFC KAREN DAVIDSON Any review of Canada’s most recent disease outbreaks highlights that emergencies will and do happen. Emergency preparedness is now a high priority according to Deborah Lorenzin,
senior advisor, strategic initiatives division, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC). “Our systems have worked well in the past, but with global trade we need to modernize and enhance plant pest and animal disease prevention to mitigate risks,” says Lorenzin. “The goal
is to build sector resilience. The desired outcome is to have an agricultural sector that proactively addresses risk, adapts to changing conditions and is able to withstand and recover from emergencies.” Her presentation to the Canadian Horticultural
Council’s Greenhouse Committee resonates with the sector. In 2011, Spain’s greenhouse sector was devastated while it took weeks for German health officials to finger the culprit of 4,125 foodborne illnesses, 908 with hemolytic-uremic syndrome and
more than 50 deaths. The source of the E. coli 0104 outbreak in northern Germany was finally tracked to Egyptiangrown organic fenugreek sprouts, but not before consumers rejected raw cucumbers, tomatoes and lettuce. Early in the crisis, German officials had incorrectly blamed the origin and strain of E. coli to cucumbers imported from Spain. The agricultural income from Spain’s Murcia region was cut by more than 11 per cent for the growing season, according to Food Safety News. Five years hence, it’s more critical than ever for Canada’s greenhouse vegetable industry to have an emergency plan. Besides a value north of $1 billion in farmgate receipts, it’s the years of building a reputation for wholesome, healthy produce that’s at stake. The industry is participating in AAFC’s emergency preparedness. Stakeholder consultations are now underway so that a revised framework can be presented to the federal-provincial-territorial agriculture ministers’ meeting on July 20-22, 2016 in Calgary. Emergency preparedness goes beyond the greenhouse sector to the entire produce industry. For those who wish to offer feedback, please email: firstname.lastname@example.org.
Comment period extended on chlorothalonil until June 9 KAREN DAVIDSON Canada’s horticultural industry was set on its heels earlier this winter when the Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) announced the re-evaluation of a commonly used active ingredient, chlorothalonil. This is an important active ingredient in fungicides such as Bravo and Echo, widely used by potato growers and many other commodity groups to prevent foliar diseases such as late blight. The industry’s protests about the lack of forewarning have resulted in an extension on comments until June 9. The extension was announced at the Canadian
Horticultural Council annual general meeting by Margherita Conti, director-general, value assessment, re-evaluation management directorate, PMRA. The agency will host a webinar on April 8 to outline how officials came to their conclusions. If the re-evaluation was a surprise to growers, it was no less so for the three registrants of the active ingredient: Syngenta (Bravo), Sipcam (Echo) and Adama (Equus). The latter registrant bought the rights to the data to get a generic product registration as recently as December 2015. The re-evaluation notice means that the fungicide use would be reduced from 12 times per season to one in potatoes and eight times per season to one in tomatoes. Fungicide use would
be totally eliminated in onions, crucifer crops, sweet corn, strawberries, cranberries and blueberries. Re-evaluation also includes uses beyond horticulture. For growers of lentils, the loss of this fungicide would impact one million acres on the prairies. PMRA’s posting of chlorothalonil -- and other actives -- on a re-evaluation list is driven in part by the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development Report on Pesticide Safety, published on January 26, 2016. The crux of the issue is worker safety. “The Canadian horticultural industry takes worker safety seriously,” says Craig Hunter, pesticide expert with the Ontario Fruit and Vegetable
Growers’ Association (OFVGA). “However, the regulators are basing their decision in part on calculated dermal toxicity values rather than the actual 21day study they had accepted as late as 2011. They did not ask the registrants for extra data such as 90-and 180-day dermal tox studies that could have provided ‘real’ data points.” Horticulture’s concerns are broader than chlorothalonil since other active ingredients are also under review. “If we lost even half of this list of active ingredients, it would knock out the foundation of horticulture in Canada,” says Hunter. The ongoing discussion with PMRA is about use patterns: that is, how growers use the product in the field. Concerns about worker safety can be addressed when it is understood how and when products are used in day-to-day practical settings and what worker activities actually occur in treated fields in the season. Margherita Conti reported to the CHC gathering that PMRA will be developing a policy on the phase-out of affected pesticides by June 2016. Other policies are under review for
consulting stakeholders. She also announced a pilot approach for increased early stakeholder engagement to provide input on the use pattern for use in risk assessment. In a question-and-answer period following Conti’s presentation, several attendees commented. “My family farms within a mile of the U.S. border,” said Keith Kuhl, CHC president. “U.S. potato growers can ship into the Canadian marketplace using products containing chlorothalonil, but the prospect is that we won’t be able to use these products. We have to continue to work on these issues. Otherwise, we will continue to give our trading partners advantages in the marketplace.” Conti replied that PMRA will evaluate the Canadian use pattern. Murray Porteous, a fruit and vegetable grower from Simcoe, Ontario, explains that Bravo is used in asparagus after the harvest to keep the fern healthy and to help produce tender shoots the following spring.
CONTINUED ON PAGE 7
APRIL 2016 –– PAGE 7 THE GROWER
CANADIAN HORTICULTURAL COUNCIL ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
Comment period extended on chlorothalonil until June 9 CONTINUED FROM LAST PAGE “Although this product is just one of a few options, removing one product is like removing one in a house of cards,” he says. “Your tender plants can become infected with disease very quickly resulting in less quantity and poorer quality for the consumer.” At the CHC meeting, Porteous addressed Conti’s presentation. “It frustrates me when science is viewed differently in the U.S. and Canada,” Porteous said. “It undermines public confidence. It frustrates me as a farmer who can’t compete. All of this drives up costs to the producer.” Conti replied: “Bear in mind, as we try to harmonize approaches to the science, we are constrained by the Pest Control Products Act. We have Canadian policies that the U.S. may or may not have. That being said, when we re-evaluate, we look at other jurisdictions. Through reevaluations, you may be losing product use. PMRA does look at alternatives and how useful those alternatives might be for specific crops or pests. Let’s take the wireworm example in potatoes. PMRA worked with grower groups and provinces to come up with solutions. I believe that in the end, we worked collaboratively with stakeholders.” In another exchange, Jonathan Atkins, representing TKI from the U.S. said, “This re-evaluation list seems like a dramatic change. This is actually a cancellation list, not a re-evaluation list.” Margherita Conti’s presentation was followed by Tracy Shinners-Carnelley, vice-chair of the CHC Crop Protection Advisory Committee. A national response will be developed based on surveys and input from provincial members, grower associations, CropLife Canada, registrants and all interested stakeholders. For each commodity group, there will be an overview of: production (statistics, distribution); actual grower use; extent of use (application rates/frequency, re-entry, aerial application); use with other tank-mix products; and alternative chemical controls. “These decisions have cumulative effects,” said Shinners-Carnelley. “There is a cumulative impact of PMRA decisions on pest control in fruit and vegetable crops, when there are few or no options remaining to control pests.
Resistance management is increasingly becoming more prominent. Our competitiveness is decreasing with increasing divergence from the U.S.” She counseled that pest management should be a systems approach, retaining multiple tools with rational label uses. “Let’s consider product re-evaluations as part of a pest management system and not in isolation.”
Photo by Glenn Lowson
Surfactant technology improves pesticide performance Select the right product to maximize input investment Poor spray pattern with too many large droplets as a result of not using a surfactant with LECI-TECH.
Adjuvants are increasingly recognized as a critical component of crop protection strategies. Frequently, producers will choose an adjuvant based on a recommendation from a retailer, custom applicator or crop consultant. Increasingly, however, there is reason to view adjuvants as more than another input or production cost. Selecting the right product can address specific challenges and significantly enhance the performance of herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. An important consideration when selecting an adjuvant is the strength of the technology that the product is based on. An innovation in surfactants (one class of adjuvants) is LECI-TECH™ – a patented, lecithin-based technology from Loveland Products. The flagship LECI-TECH product – LI 700® – is the complete surfactant solution for foliar products. It addresses many of the potential problems associated with pesticide performance, including uniform spraying, product retention and uptake among others. “This advancement in surfactant technology does a lot to address many of the challenges producers face,” says Janet Porchak, UAP Canada. “Getting the most out of their crop protection investment is near the top of that list, and selecting the right surfactant can go a long way to help ensure that happens.”
Higher percentage of correct-size droplets using LI 700 with built-in LECI-TECH technology.
cuticles, even when plants are under environmental stress, for quicker pesticide uptake. It also reduces evaporation – another element of ensuring the best pesticide performance. High pH water in the spray solution can be another challenge for producers. Many pesticides undergo a chemical reaction in the spray tank when mixed with water that has a high pH level. The product can quickly break down and lose a significant amount of the active ingredient. LI 700 works as a buffering-acidifying agent that lowers the pH of the water carrier, ensuring pesticide stability and effectiveness.
Maximum performance and crop safety Crop producers want products that are safe on their crop and have a good environmental profile. LI 700 is a great alternative to petroleum-based products because it is a natural derivative of soybeans. The LECI-TECH technology also allows spray droplets to reach the critical micelle concentration (CMC) – the point at which maximum surface spreading is achieved – at a lower rate than conventional surfactants. The result is less disruption on the plant surface, further contributing to improved crop safety.
If use of the wrong surfactant increases the risk of poor performance and crop injury, think of the benefits that can be realized by using the right one.
Dr. Dan Bergman, Loveland Products Inc.
More uniform spray pattern Pesticides have the potential to drift off target when droplets are too fine. LI 700 reduces the chance of pesticide drift by putting less stress on droplet production and allowing for fewer small droplets and a more uniform spray pattern. Droplet retention is essential to ensure the best performance of a foliar spray product. The spreading and adhesion properties of LI 700 ensure that more spray droplets hit the target and stay there to provide more consistent performance. For a foliar-applied pesticide such as glyphosate to be effective, it must be transferred from the leaf surface into the plant tissue. LI 700 provides better penetration of waxy LECI-TECH™ and LI 700® are trademarks of Loveland Products Inc. Always read and follow label directions.
When choosing a surfactant for a specific crop protection product, first consult the pesticide label to determine if a specific surfactant is prescribed. Beyond that, select a product that delivers maximum performance and crop safety. Speak with your retailer or crop consultant to learn more about the innovative technology behind LI 700.
www.uap.ca Ontario & Maritimes: 1-800-265-5444 Quebec: 1-800-361-9369 Western Canada: 1-800-561-5444 BC: 604-864-2866
PAGE 8 –– APRIL 2016 THE GROWER
CANADIAN HORTICULTURAL COUNCIL ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
Labour, safety nets and crop protection top list of issues KAREN DAVIDSON Three themes emerged at this year’s annual general meeting: the need for flexibility in accessing labour and safety nets and the importance of timely and competitive access to crop protection products. The resolutions below reflect these concerns. The federal government’s re-evaluation of chlorothalonil
sparked the greatest commentary by growers as reported on pages 6 and 7. The fact that neonicotinoids were relegated to a mere footnote is telling in terms of how quickly the crop protection file can change. Pierre Petelle, vice-president, chemistry, Croplife Canada pointed out that mixed messages are coming from provincial and federal governments on pesticides. “If provinces are undermining communications from the Pest
Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA), we will not succeed,” said Petelle. “Some provincial governments regularly reference external sources to justify their actions. If we can’t get to the point where provinces have confidence in PMRA, it will be difficult to achieve anything.” Next year’s meeting is slated for Keith Kuhl (L) greeted Hon. Lawrence MacAulay, March 14-16, 2017 in Winnipeg, federal minister of agriculture and agri-food, at the Manitoba. opening reception of the Canadian Horticultural Council Annual General Meeting.
Name and Status
CHC Annual Appointments CARRIED
Employment Insurance CARRIED
The Canadian Agricultural Policy Framework – AgriStability CARRIED
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council petition the Government of Canada to make it a priority to change the level of coverage offered through the AgriStability program returning it back to that of the program preceding Growing Forward 2, by: 1. Eliminating the measures limiting the reference margins within the AgriStability program, and exploring alternative approaches to limit payments in cases of producers who earn a profit, while also ensuring allowable expenses are covered for producers with negative margins; 2. Re-establishing the previous limit that triggers the AgriStability program, so that payments are made when margins for the program year fall below 85% of the producer’s historical reference margins.
The Canadian Agricultural Policy Framework - AgriInvest CARRIED AS AMENDED
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council petition the Government of Canada to: 1. Increase the AgriInvest basic maximum contribution rate for matching contributions to 4.5% of allowable net sales on eligible commodities and eliminate the caps on government payments; and 2. Provide more flexibility for agricultural producers with regard to withdrawing funds accumulated through the AgriInvest program for funds earmarked for a series of preapproved and proactive investment programs that mitigate financial and productions risks, and 3. To allow for the producers to first withdraw their own contributions before withdrawing government funds.
The Canadian Agricultural Policy Framework – AgriRecovery CARRIED
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council petition the Government of Canada to clearly define the measures available through the AgriRecovery program, such as measures aimed at providing aid in response to natural disasters, and differentiate them from other risk management programs of businesses in order to prevent payments made further to a disaster from being diminished/recovered from another program.
Registration of Pest Control Products CARRIED
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council petition the Government of Canada to increase the Pest Management Regulatory Agency’s and the Pest Management Centre’s human, financial and material resources in order to meet the evolving contextual needs of industry, and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council petition the Pest Management Regulatory Agency to accelerate the registration process for alternative pest control products.
Temporary Foreign Worker Program: Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program TABLED TO THE LABOUR COMMITTEE EXECUTIVE
THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council petition the Government of Canada to: • Review the concept of related services within the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) employment contract to allow Canadian employers to benefit from daily deductions for ancillary services, • Reduce the administrative burden for businesses that have previously already submitted a request as part of Temporary Foreign Worker Programs (e.g., housing inspections valid for 12 months, reduced number of forms and information requested, fast tracking for businesses who have made no changes for five years and obtained a positive Labour Market Impact Assessment in a year, etc.).
Temporary Foreign Worker Program: Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program – Dates TABLED TO THE LABOUR COMMITTEE EXECUTIVE Temporary Foreign Worker Program – Agricultural Stream CARRIED
THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council petition the Government of Canada to modify the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) so that employers are permitted to hire these workers between December 15 and December 31.
Canadian Fruit and Vegetable Breeding Programs CARRIED
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that Canadian Horticultural Council lobby the Government of Canada to provide 100% funding to fruit and vegetable breeding programs.
Therefore be it resolved THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the CHC include the appointment of a representative of organic horticulture production to the Canadian General Standards Board Committee on Organic Agriculture among its annual appointments and that the representative provide reports through the Industry Standards and Food Safety Committee. THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council petition the Government of Canada to recognize the seasonal nature of certain economic sectors such as agriculture; and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council petition the Government of Canada to improve Canadian agricultural seasonal workers’ access to employment insurance by cancelling the changes made in 2012 which limit the pool of local seasonal workers, and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council endeavor to gain the support of sectors of the Canadian economy that are experiencing the same issues, such as forestry and fishing, in support of these requests.
THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council petition the Government of Canada to: • Modify the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) Agricultural Stream to eliminate the 48-month cumulative time limit for working in Canada; • The TFWP Agricultural Stream provide for a work permit allowing them to transfer quickly and easily between employers within a season; • Eliminate the TFWP 10% limit for processing facilities whose operations are directly related to seasonal agricultural production; • Prioritizing the processing of these files be made a priority throughout Canada in order to reduce delays and avoid the issues experienced in 2014 and 2015; and • Reduce the administrative burden for businesses that have previously already submitted a request as part of Temporary Foreign Worker Programs (e.g., housing inspections valid for 12 months, reduced number of forms and information requested, fast tracking for businesses who have made no changes in the past five years and obtained a positive Labour Market Impact Assessment in a year, etc.), and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council immediately apply pressure on the new government due to the urgency of the situation.
APRIL 2016 –– PAGE 9 THE GROWER
CANADIAN HORTICULTURAL COUNCIL ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
Labour, safety nets and crop protection top list of issues Number
Name and Status
Policy Statement Respecting Production Practices CARRIED
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council amends its standing policy statement respecting production practices to include “Government of Canada approved production practices”, and as such that the standing policy statement shall now be the following: The Canadian Horticultural Council supports all Government of Canada approved production methods which will support the future viability and sustainability of horticulture production.
Impact of Weight Limits for the Transport of Fruits and Vegetables within Canada CARRIED
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council work with appropriate federal and provincial departments to harmonize weight limits for the transport of fruits and vegetables to the highest level established within Canada.
Analysis of Weight Limits for Transport of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables within Canada and in the United States TABLED TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council work with the Regulatory Cooperation Council, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and Transport Canada to document the differences in weight limits for trucks transporting fruits and vegetables within Canada and in the United States, and to identify means of addressing the differences to support harmonizing weight limits to the highest level established within either country and to enable more efficient transportation on both sides of the border.
National Clean Plant Network CARRIED
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council request that the Canadian Food Inspection Agency develop and implement a program similar to the National Clean Plant Network (NCPN) in the United States.
Spotted Wing Drosophila CARRIED AS AMENDED
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council ensure that the Pest Management Regulatory Agency acts so that all conditional registrations be converted as soon as possible to full registrations to assure the availability of these insecticides for Spotted Wing Drosophila for the 2016 use season; and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council ensure that the Agriculture and Agri-food Canada’s Pest Management Centre (PMC) continue to provide research into the management of Spotted Wing Drosophila, an extremely damaging pest, leading to the registration of both chemical and non-chemical methods, and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the CHC work with the Pest Management Regulatory Agency and the BC Blueberry Council to ensure the emergency registration of bifenthrin for use in the 2016 growing season.
Cyclamen Mite Management CARRIED
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council work closely with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada’s Pest Management Centre to ensure that research is conducted leading to the registration of additional products to manage cyclamen mite.
Improved Weather Prediction Mechanisms for Horticultural Producers CARRIED
THERFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council lobby all appropriate federal government departments to ensure that weather models are kept updated, and the accuracy of weather prediction is continually improved so as to ensure horticulture producers in Ontario and across Canada are able to make the best management decisions based on predicted weather.
Request for Third Party Mediator to THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council lobby the Canadian Food Inspection Moderate Canadian Partners in Quality Agency to implement an independent third party mediator to handle appeals for Canadian Partners in Quality Program Program (C-PIQ) Appeals (C-PIQ) clients. CARRIED
LR2016-19 Labour Market Impact Assessments (LMIA) CARRIED AS AMENDED
Therefore be it resolved
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the CHC work with Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) to streamline the Seasonal Agriculture Worker Program (SAWP) by using existing Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) approvals to enable an accelerated authorization process for replacing employees.
LR2016-20 Temporary Foreign Worker Program – THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that CHC request that the Canadian government establishes an annual Agricultural Stream Annual Meetings meeting of the Agricultural Stream of the Temporary Foreign Worker Program to which would be invited federal CARRIED departments, including Service Canada, Employment and Social Development, and Citizenship and Immigration, and the CHC to enable ongoing dialogue on the application of the program to ensure better management. LR2016-21 Increasing Canadian Horticultural Council Lobbying Capacity CARRIED AS AMENDED
THERFORE BE IT RESOLVED lobbying resources.
that the Canadian Horticultural Council allocate specific resources for
LR2016-22 National Rural Health Strategy CARRIED AS AMENDED
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Canadian Horticultural Council include in Standing Policy a National Rural Health Strategy that will consider the unique factors and challenges of rural life and also address the emerging needs of rural life – including but not limited to: • Definition of rural areas; • Demographic trends; • Per capita government resources; • Emerging technology; • Emerging professional development of health practitioners; • Special accreditation and compensation for rural health practitioners; and • Special needs of rural areas.
ON ! TI RA EN ST P GI O RE W
Fle ex your op pportunity! Join us in Calgaryy for Ca anada’s largest event dedicated to the fruit an nd vegetable industry. Tuesday u , April 12 to Thursday y, April 14, 2016 BMO Centre, Stampede Park Calgary C , Alberta
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PAGE 10 –– APRIL 2016 THE GROWER
ONTARIO FRUIT AND VEGETABLE GROWERS’ ASSOCIATION
A news conference was held in Ottawa on March 10 to draw attention to the need for a PACA-like trust for Canadian fruit and vegetable growers. (L-R): Jason Verkaik, chair, Ontario Fruit and Vegetable Growers’ Association; Ruth Ellen Brosseau, NDP MP and ag critic, (Berthier-Maskinongé); Tracey Ramsey, NDP MP (Essex); Ken Forth, chair, CHC trade and marketing committee; George Gilvesy, chair, Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Growers. The Ontario Fruit and Vegetable Growers’ Association (OFVGA) Board of Directors met on Thursday, March 17, 2016. Topics ranged from an overview of the Canadian Horticultural Council’s (CHC) Annual General Meeting (AGM), an update on obtaining a PACA-like trust for Canadian growers, and responses to the Waste Free Ontario discussion and Cap and Trade regulations. Canadian Horticultural Council (CHC) – Adrian Huisman The CHC Annual General Meeting (AGM) took place on March 8-9. President’s Reception went over well and had excellent attendance by Members of Parliament. A two per cent increase in
membership fees for FY 2017 was approved. The CHC bylaw dictating the maximum length of the president’s term was extended to four consecutive years from three. Keith Kuhl was re-elected as president and will be hosting the next CHC AGM in Manitoba. A lobbying firm will be hired by April 1, 2016 to act as the new government relation’s agency on behalf of CHC. All resolutions submitted by OFVGA at the CHC AGM were approved. Labour Section – Ken Forth At the Canadian Horticultural Council (CHC) AGM, the NDP held a press conference requesting that the Liberals institute a PACA-like trust for Canadian
growers. OFVGA chair Jason Verkaik, OFVGA director George Gilvesy and labour section chair Ken Forth, took part. Seasonal agricultural workers are anticipated to be arriving on time this spring. Research Section – Harold Schooley Ontario Agri-Food Technologies held their AGM on March 3, 2016 with a total of 16 speakers focused on the challenges that entrepreneurs face getting new products to market. Of particular interest was R&D into the use of nano-particles for targeting drugs directly to cancer cells (by Guelph-based Mirexus). Surprisingly the source of nanoparticles for this work is sweet corn. Forty per cent of the
dry weight of processed sweet corn is nano-particles. The keynote speaker at the OAFT meeting was Bruce Campbell, president and CEO of the Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO). Its job is to operate the electrical system, plan for medium and long-term electricity needs, oversee the wholesale electricity market, and develop conservation programs. Some interesting facts he presented include: • There are 21 electricity regions in Ontario • Every five minutes IESO forecasts electricity demand day and night. They must balance this supply and demand to direct generators to supply electricity or connect with large users to ask them to cut back on usage. • They oversee the wholesale electricity market selling excess power. Research chair, Harold Schooley and Dr. Tania Humphrey from Vineland Research and Innovation Centre (VRIC) met with the Research and the Business Development Branches of OMAFRA, to discuss research priorities. It was agreed that field vegetables would be divided into three further categories: bulb and root vegetables; leafy vegetable and crucifiers; and fruiting vegetables. Asparagus has been folded into the root vegetables group. Property Section – Brian Gilroy OFVGA has submitted its response to the Waste Free Ontario discussion paper. This submission is now available online at the OFVGA website.
Safety Nets Section – Mark Wales There is a Ontario Agricultural Commodity Council (OACC) Technical Committee meeting planned for April 4, 2016; statistics to wrap up the 2015 year are expected to be shared. Crop Protection Section – Charles Stevens Chlorothalonil (Bravo, Echo), a fungicide used in many horticultural crops including potatoes, tomatoes, fruit crops and others, is currently being re-evaluated by the Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) and a 60-day extension to public consultation has been granted. A webinar has been arranged by PMRA for April 8, 2016 to address issues surrounding its re-evaluation. Within the last month, ferbam, thiram, ziram and methomyl have all come up for re-evaluation; OFVGA plans to respond and comment on each, as well as the Canadian Horticultural Council (CHC). By the end of March it is expected that iprodione (Rovral) and Captan will be added to the re-evaluation list. From March 21 to 24, the annual PMC Minor Use Priority setting meeting is taking place in Quebec. Craig Hunter of OFVGA is chairing the meeting. PMC and PMRA will be encouraged to register new products to replace old chemistries. This includes making sure PMRA knows how these chemistries are being used on the farm.
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Greenhouse customers can reduce lighting electrical costs I wanted to respond to a quote about lighting costs for greenhouses that was on page 3 of the March issue of The Grower. As a consultant who actively works with greenhouse customers to develop and help execute a strategy to reduce their energy costs, I would like all greenhouse customers to know that there are many options (not just one) that may be available to reduce the suggested cost of $1,000 dollars per acre per day for operating lights. Actual customer costs assessed by 360 Energy per acre per day include commodity, transmission and distribution for the most volatile electrical markets in Canada: Alberta and Ontario. In our experience, $200 to $400 per acre per day are examples of costs of greenhouse operators who operate HID lights for more than 1,800 hours/year – specifically, during the winter - for operations of six acres and greater. Since energy costs and incentives are always changing, greenhouse operators should be constantly improving their energy knowledge so that they fully understand the energy marketplace, including any possible programming opportunities that they may be able to tap to help reduce their annual energy spend without negatively impacting their production. David Arkell 360 Energy Inc. Ancaster, ON
APRIL 2016 –– PAGE 11 THE GROWER
CANADIAN PRODUCE MARKETING ASSOCIATION CONVENTION & TRADESHOW APRIL 12 - 14
Fresh faces to attend Passion for Produce Program KAREN DAVIDSON How do you get into the produce industry? It takes a certain individual who craves a fast pace and the risks inherent in handling living, breathing products. That’s why the Passion for Produce program is so important at the Canadian Produce Marketing Association (CPMA) convention and trade show in Calgary. The program provides an opportunity to accelerate professional development through a unique mentoring experience. “It’s always a pleasure to meet the rising stars in our industry who join us for the Passion for Produce Program,” said Ron Lemaire, president, CPMA. “Passion for Produce takes place in a fun and relaxed setting where participants receive mentoring, meet produce industry leaders through networking events, and increase the scope of their knowledge by meeting different exhibitors on the trade show floor. We’re thrilled to have 15 participants joining us in Calgary.” One of them is Matthew Towe. He is the distribution manager for the Calgary office of Peak of the Market. With a background in non-perishable distribution, he joined Peak of the Market in October 2015. “I have always heard that if I wanted to improve my skills that the produce industry was the place to be,” says Towe. “We handle more than 100 varieties of vegetables from broccoli to potatoes. How to handle the produce items properly is important for quality.” Several months in the position, Towe understands that efficiency is important but “don’t start change for the sake of change, until you understand the whole system. It’s a process and we work together.” He’s joined by another westerner: Eric Niu, a buyer for Fresh Direct Produce in Vancouver. Previously he was a produce manager for one of the city’s national retailers, but left for the opportunity to become a wholesale produce buyer. “I am so energized by produce,” Niu says. “Produce is changing all the time, with the seasons, with quality and pricing. Now I feel more like a supplier, making sure that what I buy is good for the company and good for the consumer.” As an immigrant to Canada from Taiwan in 1996, Niu represents the growing demographic of new Canadians. His unique background gives him insight into what to buy. Chinese vegetables represent the biggest commodity in his category. He’s also noticing an uptick in exotic
fruits such as figs, mangoes, papaya and passion fruit. He expects that his trip to CPMA’s Passion for Produce program will open his eyes to a diverse group in the value chain, from retailers to wholesalers to growers. Other participants include: • Adrianna Herrera, The Oppenheimer Group • Ashley Beck, Krown Produce • Cameron Sungail, The Guimarra Companies • Carsten Hickey, Thomas Fresh Inc.
• Chris Moore, Loblaw Companies • Don Han, Star Produce Ltd • Jessica Elenko, Bolthouse Farms Inc. • Josh Mastronardi, Red Sun Farms • Julie Lefort, Quebec Produce Marketing Association/Les Serres Lefort • Kristina Goodall, NFI Canada • Melissa Mossuto, Walmart Canada Corp. • Michael Hiltz, Sliced FC Ltd. • Tim Carruesco, Markon Cooperative Inc.
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PAGE 12 –– APRIL 2016 THE GROWER
Water push and pull: essential for success
JOHN KELLY EXECUTIVE VP, OFVGA The Ontario government has recently released its budget, and the Government of Canada will follow suit shortly. For sure, one thing that is common between the two budgets is the focus on the environment, carbon and impact of industry on many aspects of the environment. Water quality and the impact of agriculture on water usage and release are certainly in their crosshairs. The recent announcements on the Great Lakes Water Protection Act and the implications of readily available phosphorus accentuating algal blooms in Lake Erie are strong messages to agriculture. Access to high quality and large quantities of water is fundamental to fruit and vegetable production, and its management is also essential to maintaining and enhancing sustainability of our horticultural operations. No matter what horticultural crop is grown, the reliance on “readily-available” water does make a significant impact on production and essentially profitability at the farm level. Where this water comes from can vary from naturally sourced rainfall, rivers and lakes, dugouts and ditches, wells and technologies which conserve and re-use water. Canada is
blessed with an abundance of water, but this also means that this resource should be carefully managed. New and evolving technologies which positively impact the efficiency of water usage must be developed and ways to reduce runoff and consequent negative impacts on the environment must be avoided. In horticulture, we are addressing the need for water, how the water is used, and how the water eventually leaves the farm including in the products derived from the plant, through transpiration and evaporation, or through exits from the farm through runoff and drainage. No matter what the route of entry and exit, if it involves the use of human-made technology and intervention, one can be assured that there will be some regulatory pressure associated with it. The Permit To Take Water program conducted by the Ontario Fruit & Vegetable Growers’ Association (OFVGA) assists growers with meeting the input needs of water irrigation. Growers should know that if they take more than 50,000 L of water per day from wells or watercourses, they are required by the provincial Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change to have a permit to take water. Similarly, as more regulations come into force for how water leaves the farm, growers will need to be aware of the importance of adhering to the rules. George Shearer, water specialist, at the OFVGA is an expert in this realm and can assist growers with these issues. Agriculture can be a fickle business. In 2015, there were tremendous impacts of water on production in the Holland Marsh. And it was not only from a lack of water! May came in dry, and farmers were irrigating
Excess water was pumped off fields of the Holland Marsh in June 2015. Photo courtesy of Jason Verkaik. onto their land. By the time June had come around, fields were flooded and water was being pumped off the land. A few years ago when the price of corn was high, irrigation systems in Norfolk County in Ontario that were normally reserved for horticultural crops were being used for corn. Technology is being used to address the need for water. Precision agricultural technologies will promote fertigation being driven by sensors for specific plant nutrition in fields or in closed water systems found in greenhouses leading to the most efficient use of fertilizer. Ontario apple and grape growers are investigating ways to focus on automating and adapting existing soil moisture monitoring systems using new information (including ideal irrigation trigger,
permanent wilting point and field capacity) to assist in determining the timing and need for irrigation application. Linda Delli Santi, executive director of the British Columbia Greenhouse Growers’ Association, reported last year to the Canadian Water Summit about the new technologies being used by greenhouses to capture rain water, use of hydroponics and fertigation, and the reutilization of a combination of fresh water and recycled, clean water. Low volume microirrigation systems, like those provided by Vanden Bussche Irrigation, improve efficiency because they require less energy and water. The technique of aquaponics, the combination of aquaculture and greenhouse production, is also being employed in Ontario. Not only do all these make environmen-
tal sense, they also can impact the profitability of the operation. The provision of water to agricultural operations can be expensive. When there are new pieces of legislation that affect the grower’s ability to use this necessary input, the costs of production are almost always increased. The use of water in Canada is a privilege and is becoming increasingly scrutinized. The horticulture sector will do its part to conserve and efficiently use this resource but the government must recognize that these added costs through legislation continue to erode the profitability and sustainability of fruit and vegetable farmers. Farmers are excellent stewards of their lands because they recognize that without it, they could be out of business. This is also the case for water.
Early spring, dry spring? It’s time to double-check that irrigation equipment is ready to go. Last year, these newly planted fruit trees in the Niagara peninsula benefited from extra moisture. Photo by Denis Cahill. STAFF Publisher: Ontario Fruit and Vegetable Growers’ Association Editor: Karen Davidson, 416-557-6413, email@example.com Production: Carlie Melara, ext. 221, firstname.lastname@example.org Advertising: Herb Sherwood, 519-380-0118, email@example.com The Grower reserves the right to refuse any advertising. Any errors that are the direct result of The Grower will be compensated at our discretion with a correction notice in the next issue. No compensation will be given after the first running of the ad. Client signature is required before insertion. The Ontario Fruit and Vegetable Growers’ Association is the sole owner of The Grower. All editorials and opinions expressed in The Grower are those of the newspaper’s editorial staff and/or contributor, and do not necessarily reflect the view of the association. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced either whole or in part without the prior written consent of the publisher.
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ONTARIO FRUIT AND VEGETABLE GROWERS’ ASSOCIATION BOARD OF DIRECTORS 2016
OFVGA SECTION CHAIRS
Crop Protection Research Property Labour Safety Nets CHC
Chair Vice-Chair Fruit Director Veg Director Director
Jason Verkaik, Bradford Jan Vander Hout, Waterdown Norm Charbonneau, Port Elgin Mac James, Leamington John Thwaites, Niagara-on-the-Lake
BOARD OF DIRECTORS Apples Fresh Vegetable - Other Tender Fruit ON Asparagus Grws’. Mkg. Brd. GGO/Fresh Grape Growers Fresh Vegetable - Muck ON. Potato Board Small Fruit/Berries ON. Ginseng Growers’ Greenhouse Greenhouse
Charles Stevens, Newcastle Kenny Forth, Lynden John Thwaites, Niagara-on-the-Lake Mike Chromczak, Brownsville Bill George Jr., Beamsville Jason Verkaik, Bradford Mac James, Leamington Norm Charbonneau, Port Elgin Ken Van Torre, Burford Jan Vander Hout, Waterdown George Gilvesy, Tillsonburg
Charles Stevens, Newcastle Harold Schooley, Simcoe Brian Gilroy, Meaford Ken Forth, Lynden Mark Wales, Alymer Adrian Huisman, St. Catharines
APRIL 2016 –– PAGE 13 THE GROWER
PERSPECTIVE Value, or values: What will drive consumers to buy your produce?
OWEN ROBERTS U OF GUELPH Not long ago, consumers bought food products whose differences were obvious. Typically, you could see the attributes you wanted in a products, such as size, or colour. But two University of Guelph agricultural economics professors say a sea change is happening that’s turning production upside down. Profs. John Cranfield and Brady Deaton say buying decisions are becoming based more on production practices, rather than on end products. Consumers still want quality
and economy, say the researchers. These traits matter a lot, and consumers overwhelmingly find them in conventionally produced food. But in some cases, instead of sharing the spotlight with value, they’re sharing it with values. The duo developed this line of thinking a few years ago, when they looked at the difference between organic produce and its conventional counterpart. They found consumers were basing their buying decisions on the production process. What mattered was that the products were organic. Traits such as appearance were not the ultimate driver. More and more, the same goes for crop production. A genetically modified crop might look no different than its conventional counterpart. But people shun it because of the way it’s produced, owing to the stigma around GMOs. In fact, the genetically modified version might even look better than its traditionally produced counterpart. The modified version may have
been outfitted with traits to ward off bugs or tolerate herbicides. As a result, it’s matured without being ravaged by insects and stunted by weeds. Still, some consumers gravitate towards less visually attractive versions of the same crop, because they value non-GMOs…even if they don’t know why. In certain livestock situations, the difference might be even less obvious. For example, two identical products such as eggs can, and do, come from very different housing systems. Some consumers will choose the eggs from hens allowed to roam about more freely than others, because they think the hens are more content than those in cages. That makes animal welfare a part of consumers’ buying decisions, even though, once again, many people believe the difference in the end product from these systems is negligible. But even though the differences may appear slight, the cost to consumers for such
choices is significant. The researchers say society should be aware of them when it signs onto wholesale changes in production practices, which it’s already doing. For example, driven by consumer demand, the Egg Farmers of Canada say conventional cage housing will cease to exist in 20 years. Up to 65 per cent of the hens here will be housed in non-traditional housing within the next eight years. That sounds like a long time, but it’s a big change. What will replace traditional cages? Some say no cages. Let them run free. Others call for “enriched” housing, with more space and opportunities for nesting, perching and scratching than with conventional cages, but still able to provide hens with health and hygiene benefits. This switch in production tactics opens the doors to explain why farmers are making the change. And that’s an explanation that should come from farmers, not self-interest groups. Farmers are uniquely positioned to explain what’s
Orangeline Farms, Leamington, promotes its year-round production of peppers under their Zing! Healthy Foods brand. Those interested can follow #BigZing on social media. When it comes to these peppers, what will consumers’ buying decisions be based on. going on inside their own barns and in their fields, and talk about the impact of certain production processes. Farmers are the ones who produce products from processes. It’s time to hear from them, to balance the information out there about what they produce, and to make informed choices.
PAGE 14 –– APRIL 2016 THE GROWER
Early spring, dry spring? BRUCE KELLY Hmmm. Another warm dry March – I remember one of those in 2012. I remember the “backward” spring of 2012. An unseasonably warm March where bees emerged early with nothing to eat, and a late frost devastated flowering crops. Then it got dry. Remember the news clippings back to July of 2012? “A catastrophic freeze earlier this year has apparently wiped out about 80 per cent of the apple crop in Ontario. Now the drought is exacerbating the issue.” Weeks of drought have turned much of Ontario’s prime agricultural land into a dust bowl. And it is corn farmers, especially in the southwest and eastern parts of the province, who have been the hardest hit.” ~ CBC News, July 2012 It’s hard to predict future weather and I hold little stead in long term forecasts; the Old Farmers Almanac had called for March 2016 to be two degrees below normal, but that is wrong by all accounts. However, I do hold more confidence in the major weather patterns and ocean temperature impacts, such as the undeniable fact that this year’s El Nino pattern held the jetstream northwards. This winter, Ontario looked straight south for its weather patterns as
warm damp air from the Gulf of Mexico flowed up through Kentucky and Tennessee bringing “new water” to the Great Lakes basin. The Weather Network is predicting that “across the Great Lakes region, we expect a trend towards drier than normal weather, especially during late spring. While there will be sufficient moisture to start the growing season, this trend towards warm and dry weather could be cause for concern for agriculture as we head towards summer.” They go on to say that, “it is still too early to know whether this summer will be remembered as truly hot and dry, or just warmer than the past few summers.” When I mentioned the 2012 growing season to Simon French of Cookstown Greens recently, his eyes widened, he looked at me and said “I did not get much sleep that summer […] I’m getting too old for this.” We have gotten off pretty easy the last three summers as far as irrigation goes, only needing to water a few times each year for most crops, but we can never tell what will happen this year. On some farms there may have been a complete staff turnover since 2012, and the more experienced among us may have to give a refresher
course or two on what it really means to irrigate when Mother Nature does not co-operate. Long nights staffing irrigation systems, running pumps hard, hauling diesel to the pump yet again, burned out motors and bearings – yep, I remember the summer of 2012. Never before have so many stared at a rain gauge after any sort of passing shower, and never before has that 1/8 inch mattered so much. And the question on my mind every morning? “Did the pond level bounce up at all?” I know many growers made significant changes to their farms after 2012, converting many beds to drip, with greater use of mulch and cover crops, enlarging ponds and storages and taking better advantage of systems to re-capture water within the system. As we look toward what might be a long hard irrigation season, it behooves us to wander through the shed and review our inventories of pipe and replacement parts and their condition. Meet with your suppliers to review your needs. Has the farm grown, crops or layouts changed since 2012? Has your equipment inventory kept up with changes to the farm? Find out whether there is access to enough equipment if you really need to water hard – take a look at Katie Gibb’s irrigation assessments article entitled “Splish Splash I Was Takin a Bath Until I Optimized My Irrigation System” on B3 – and carefully measure your water application patterns to determine if you are getting an even distribution across the field. You might have gotten
AAFC Drought Map, showing abnormally dry conditions (Feb 29) across much of Southern Ontario away with a non-uniform coverage pattern in recent wet years, but in a dry year, uneven coverage can leave some areas dry and your crop quantity and quality might suffer when the irrigation system is providing the majority of the crop’s water needs. Let’s hope our recent warm winter is not the start of a major trend and that we have a “normal summer,” but as an industry that needs water every
week, we better be prepared when Mother Nature needs a little helping hand. Cheers to a good growing season. If you have any comments on this story or any Farm & Food Care projects, please contact firstname.lastname@example.org or (519) 837-1326 x292. Bruce Kelly is environmental program manager, Farm & Food Care Ontario.
COMING EVENTS 2016 April 2
Garlic Growers of Ontario Annual General Meeting, OMAFRA office, Woodstock, ON
PEI Wild Blueberry Growers’ Association Annual General Meeting, Charlottetown, PE
April 12-13 65th Annual Muck Vegetable Growers’ Conference and Trade Show, Bradford Community Centre, Bradford, ON April 12-14 Canadian Produce Marketing Association 91st Annual Convention and Trade Show, Calgary, AB April 13
Farm & Food Care Annual Conference, Teatro Conference and Event Centre, Milton, ON
Canadian Association of Farm Advisors’ Farm Succession Update Conference, Ajax, ON
Vineland Research and Innovation Centre Greenhouse Open House, Vineland, ON
Ontario Agri-Food Education Inc. Annual General Meeting, Country Heritage Park, Milton, ON
July 18 – 21 International Fruit Tree Association Regional Study Tour, Rochester to Geneva, NY August 3
Controlled Atmosphere Clinic, Grand Rapids, MI
Peak of the Market Family Fun Day, Winnipeg, MB
Quebec Produce Marketing Association Annual Convention, Montreal, QC
Sept 13 - 15 Canada’s Outdoor Farm Show, Woodstock, ON Oct 5, 6
Canadian Greenhouse Conference, Scotiabank Conference Centre, Niagara Falls, ON
Produce Marketing Association Fresh Summit Conference and Expo, Orlando, FL
Royal Agricultural Winter Fair, Direct Energy Centre, Toronto, ON
Nov 21-23 50th Annual Alberta Potato Conference and Trade Show, Fairmont Banff Springs Hotel, Banff, AB
APRIL 2016 –– PAGE 15 THE GROWER
More items sold on temporary price reduction than ever chains it is beneficial to look at the other regions as well. You might see something in another region that would be good for you. When you review the ads, look for ideas such as bundling items or multiple pricing that might work for your products. Often this will be an opportunity to promote items that would not warrant the space on their own or allow for a slightly higher retail.
PETER CHAPMAN Develop your promotion plan Sales are the number one priority for your customers. They have to keep driving traffic to their stores or the economics just don’t work. It is very important for suppliers to be engaged with driving sales and supporting their customers. We are training the consumer to shop for items on temporary price reduction more and more. You need to understand the impact on your items and how to manage this trend. Are you playing the game? We know the number of items on sale, in store special or any other form of temporary price reduction continues to increase. Retailers must keep the traffic coming into the store and the front page of the weekly flyer is still the most effective tool they have. Investments in loyalty programs, the shopping experience and new offerings are there but when they need volume, retailers revert to item and price. Ads need to be a part of your business plan. The better prepared your business is, the more effective they can be to drive your sales at a reasonable cost. It is unfortunate because we are training the consumer to buy on special more than ever. Walmart has even moved away from their famous every day low price strategy in Canada to offer deep discounts on the front page of their ad. Be prepared It is very important to track the ads in your category. You should understand how often the items go on sale and what the level of discount is. This includes all spaces in the ad. We focus on the front page but there are many more items inside that deliver important sales and more margin to retailers and suppliers. There is a great app called Flipp that can make this process easy for you. Select the stores you want to follow and each week you simply search for the items you want to track. In just a few minutes you can see all the ads. If you are selling to national
Often suppliers think they need to wait for retailers to request an ad. If you subscribe to this philosophy you will only be on sale when they want it, not when it works best for both. You need to be proactive and develop a promotion plan to present to the category manager. You might not get everything you want when you want it but it is better to lead the discussion. Often they are busy and especially for inside items a suggestion will end up getting the space. The best place to start your plan is with last year. What happened and when? If there were successful ads, slot them in again. You should also review your ad tracking to see when they advertised your competitor’s products. These might be opportunities for you. Consider the best time for your business and the item -- does it fit with the retailer’s plan? One important number to understand in planning ads is what retailers refer to as the “X factor.” This is the multiplier on ad relative to regular weekly movement. For example if the item sells an average of 1,000 cases per week and this increases to 5,000 cases on ad, the X factor is 5. This is very important for ordering ad inventory. Predicting ad inventory is one of the toughest challenges for you and the retailer. Too little results in out of stocks with lost sales and unhappy consumers, too much is excess inventory that costs money and takes up space. You should spend time looking at ad volume to ensure you can predict the volume as accurately as possible. In your promotion plan consider all blocks in the ads. Two inside spaces can deliver as much volume as a back page slot, with more margin. When you have an ad When your item is planned for an ad you should do three things: 1. Make sure you have the appropriate level of inventory 2. Go to the stores to check the execution 3. Follow up after the ad to
assess what worked and what could be done better Once you understand the place in the ad and the level of discount you should have an estimate of sales. Review this with the retailer to ensure you are both thinking of similar numbers. If you are not close you need to do more work to get close. You need to have the inventory available that the retailer has planned for the ad. If you do not, then the sooner you let them know the better. Do not wait or you will cause them more grief. You should also have some safety stock, depending on the lead times and shelf life of your item. This is more realistic for some items than others. When you get the purchase order for the ad stock, review it to make sure it is in line with your estimates. The communication between category managers and buyer is not always perfect. The week the item is in the ad you should visit stores whenever possible. You will be judged based on the sales from the ad. If the stores do not exe-
cute you need to know so you can communicate to the retailers. If you see issues early on there is time to react. Do not assume everything works properly. I have seen many examples where an item does not ship from the warehouse because a flag in the system is wrong or there is an issue with the item number. You improve your value to the customer if you are the eyes and ears for them. Following the ad, it is good to assess the level of sales relative to the projections and some consideration for the good and the bad. If possible, what would you change next time? Perhaps
more safety stock or a different booking process for stores to have more input into inventory going to them? There are many things that can impact the performance of an ad. The better prepared you are to talk to your customer the better the experience will be the next time. If you are prepared for ads, they can be a boost to your business that does not break the bank. If you have other ideas for developing a promotion plan or if you have any questions please give me a call at (902) 489-2900 or send me an email at email@example.com. Peter Chapman is a retail consultant, professional speaker and the author of A la cart-A suppliers’ guide to retailers’ priorities. Peter is based in Halifax NS, where he is the principal at GPS Business Solutions. Peter works with producers and processors to help them navigate through the retail environment with the ultimate goal to get more of their items in the shopping cart. firstname.lastname@example.org.
PAGE 16 –– APRIL 2016 THE GROWER
Think twice before buying potato seed out of province Types of Seed-Borne Pathogen KAREN DAVIDSON To date, the genome of the potato has not been sequenced because it’s so complex genetically. Chinese researchers are close to solving the puzzle, but until then, the potato must be vegetatively propagated. As an autotetraploid, that makes the spud very susceptible to diseases. For these reasons, Neil Gudmestad, seed potato pathologist, North Dakota State University, advises care in bringing seed potatoes to your farm. In fact, he would not recommend sourcing seed out of province. “There are more than 150 diseases of potato globally, 40 of which are economically important,” Gudmestad told his audience at the Ontario Potato Conference. “All can be carried either on or in the seed tuber.”
Type 1 – pathogen carried in the soil adhering to the surface of the potato tuber, Eg. Any soil-borne pathogen such as cyst nematodes, pink rot and Verticillium wilt pathogens Type 2 – pathogen carried in seed coat or in periderm (skin) of potato tuber Eg. Silver scurf and black dot pathogens Type 3 – pathogen in seed endosperm or vascular system of propagule tuber Ex. Ring rot bacterium, Dickeya sp Type 4 – pathogen carried systemically in seed embryo or in all internal tissues of tuber Eg. All potato viruses – PVY, PLRV, potato “Mop top” virus
Here’s how regulatory agencies treat these pathogens. Type 1 and 2 are either not regulated or if they are regarded as an invasive pathogen – then controlled by quarantine by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) or the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA). Type 3 and 4 pathogens are most commonly regulated through seed certification regulations, occasionally by quarantines. Gudmestad understands there are valid reasons to buy out of province, most commonly to access newer varieties. But the risks are huge of either importing a major disease problem, or worse yet, importing a pathogen that can do irreparable harm to your farm. Some of these risks include: powdery scab, bacterial ring rot, cyst nematodes, new strains of potato moptop virus or Dickeya. Questions remain how APHIS and the CFIA will regulate these new strains of pathogens.
“I personally recommend that potato growers avoid, if at all possible, buying seed from out of province,” says Gudmestad. “If you must buy seed, remember to get a North American Plant Health Certificate in advance of purchase. Ask questions about diseases such as Dickeya, that are not specifically addressed on the certificate.” “The risks that you will ‘buy’ a problem that does not exist in your province are higher than you think in this day and age,” he continues. “When in doubt, request a post-harvest test or evaluation by a qualified lab.” In answering questions from the audience, he indicated that growers should ask for results on sample sizes of at least 400 tubers. “That’s a good statistical sample size that gives you some assurance you’re down to 0.5 per cent probability of a disease.”
Warming seed positively affects emergence and marketable yield July 21, 2014
How seed is handled can make a difference in emergence as well as marketable yield.
That’s the conclusion of New Brunswick’s Potato Industry Transformation Initiative and a
recent report by Loretta Mikitzel. She’s a potato physiologist with the New Brunswick Department
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of Agriculture, Aquaculture and Fisheries who spoke at the Ontario Potato Conference. After two years of trials, there was a positive difference of 21 cwt per acre when seedlots were warmed before planting, especially in less than ideal conditions. With climate change, that’s a difference worth noting. There was more rapid and uniform emergence, higher yields and greater value. Some seedlots don’t benefit from warming, Mikitzel warns, so know the condition of your seedlot in late spring. In trials conducted in 2014 and 2015, seedlots were received in early March and stored at 4°C. The seed was evaluated for physiological age by sprouting tubers in the dark at 18°C. For the stored warm treatment, in early May, half of each seedlot was cut into seed pieces, treated with Maxim and stored at 7-10°C until planting. For the stored cold treatment, half of each seedlot was stored at 4°C until late May then cut and treated, and stored at 10° until planting. Planting occurred in processing fields on June 2 (2014)
and May 25 (2015). Differences in seedlot emergence were visually apparent. A seedlot warming demonstration was conducted at the McCain Research Farm, Greenfield, New Brunswick, in 2015. It was evident that the Russet Burbank variety benefited from precutting and warming when stored at 10°C for 26 to 33 days before planting. The Innovator variety was shown to perform best when precut and stored at 10°C for 19-33 days before planting. Mikitzel concluded that the highest yields and crop value were achieved with precut seed. The lowest yields and crop value were recorded when seed was held at 4°C until planting, and warmed for only six days before planting. “Don’t have the tubers sweat,” she reminded growers when warming tubers. “Warm gradually over a week or so.” She confirmed that if warmed seed was planted into cold soil, growers would have a rot problem.
Test seed potatoes for Dickeya Here is some additional information to supplement the March 2016 article of Tracy Shinners-Carnelley, “Bacterial soft rot: new name, new pathogen, new problem? It is sourced from Amy Charkowski’s presentation at the 2016 Ontario Potato Conference held in Guelph on March 1. She is a seed potato researcher with the University of WisconsinMadison. Dickeya dianthicola, the new blackleg pathogen has the ability to remain dormant in tubers when temperatures are low e.g. at harvest time and in seed storages. Infected tubers look healthy at
planting, but the disease develops when soil temperature increases. Seed tubers may rot in the soil (poor emergence) or infected plants emerge, which eventually die but also can spread the disease to neighbouring plants. The point is that growers should have the seed tested for Dickeya because if the disease is dormant, tubers would look fine at planting but there could be serious losses. Charkowski’s presentation on Dickeya is available at the University of Wisconsin-Madison website.
APRIL 2016 –– PAGE 17 THE GROWER
PAGE 18 –– APRIL 2016 THE GROWER
New research finds vacant jobs in agriculture cost producers $1.5 billion
Photo by Glenn Lowson New figures released by the Canadian Agricultural Human Resource Council (CAHRC) illustrate the increasing challenges that labour constraints are having on Canada’s agriculture and agri-food sector. According to CAHRC, annual farm cash receipt losses to Canadian producers due to unfilled vacancies are $1.5 billion, or three per cent of the industry’s total value in sales and production. This finding is
part of new Labour Market Information (LMI) research, which was released during the ‘Growing the AgriWorkforce Summit’ in Winnipeg. These losses reflect a myriad of missed opportunities for producers, resulting from delayed and increased lost production, added costs, or forced changes in plans to expand or upgrade facilities. The LMI research also revealed that primary agriculture still has the highest
industry job vacancy rate of any industry at seven per cent. The research was based on 2014 figures. The Canadian Federation of Agriculture (CFA) recognizes the urgent need to find solutions for agricultural labour constraints and has worked with CAHRC on this project since its inception. “These new findings from CAHRC clearly highlight the need for a long-term strategy
that will address the challenges Canadian producers are facing due to labour issues,” says CFA President Ron Bonnett. “The CFA thanks CAHRC for undertaking this important research and will be reviewing the information extensively to determine the appropriate next steps for establishing collaborative solutions between industry and government.” The current gap between labour demand and the domestic workforce is 59,000 and projections indicate that by 2025, the Canadian agri-workforce could be short workers for 114,000 jobs. In response, industry efforts have been encouraging young people and workers from other sectors to get into agriculture as a career. Despite extensive efforts gaps still exist and there still will be a large void in the future. “The situation is critical now and will only get worse unless it is effectively addressed,” explains Portia MacDonaldDewhirst, CAHRC executive director. CAHRC’s research indicates that while agriculture labour shortage is critical today, it will be even more so 10 years from now, with dire consequences for
business viability, industry sustainability and future growth. This has the potential to affect food security for Canadian consumers, as well as export potential for Canada’s entire agri-food industry. Furthermore, given that the agri-food sector contributes nearly $107 billion annually to the country’s gross domestic product and provides one in eight Canadian jobs, the troubling trends identified in CAHRC’s research are not limited to just agriculture, and could have significant implications throughout the Canadian economy. The LMI research was derived from surveys, interviews and focus groups conducted with 1,034 representatives of Canadian agricultural organizations, employees, and employers - 813 of whom were primary producers. More information on this research can be found at www.cahrc-ccrha.ca. The LMI research was funded by the Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) Sectoral Initiatives Program. Source: Canadian Federation of Agriculture news release
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APRIL 2016 –– PAGE 19 THE GROWER
PAGE 20 –– APRIL 2016 THE GROWER
Scouting protocol for all cucurbit diseases:
New options for controlling powdery mildew in pumpkins and squash ELAINE RODDY Much has changed in the world of powdery mildew control. Five years ago, we had three products from which to choose (two conventional and one organic). Today the cucurbit powdery mildew control list contains 15 different active ingredients (10 conventional and five organic.) The conventional products come from five different chemical groups, which is excellent news for product rotation. It is nice to have these many options, but sometimes decisions can be overwhelming. Optimum powdery mildew control is a combination of variety selection, fungicide timing and fungicide selection. Consider using powdery mildew-tolerant varieties to reduce disease pressure in the crop. In heterozygous varieties, the resistance comes from one parent. These varieties are powdery mildew-tolerant, but will still develop symptoms under heavy pest pressure. Homozygous resistance comes from both parents. These plants show a higher level of resistance.
Whether using regular, tolerant or resistant varieties, scouting is the key to effectively managing this disease. As soon as the disease is identified in the crop, apply the most effective fungicide products first. Disease management is not a case where you want to “save the best for last.” Follow up applications may be required on seven to 10 day intervals, depending on when the disease arrives in Ontario and the weather conditions during fruit-sizing and ripening, The control threshold for powdery mildew is one disease lesion per 50 leaves. Lesions initially develop on the lower leaf surface or petioles of older leaves. Fungicide sprays will not be effective once the disease is established in the crop and the lesions are readily apparent on the upper leaf surfaces. Not only is it ineffective, spraying after the disease is established in the crop also increases the risk of developing fungicide resistance. Cheryl Trueman, a vegetable pest management researcher at the University of Guelph’s Ridgetown Campus, has been conducting downy mildew efficacy trials since 2009. In
• In fields less than 10 acres in size, inspect a minimum of 100 plants • Inspect 200 (10 at 20 locations) in larger fields. • Look at upper and lower leaf surfaces and leaf petioles. • Be sure to include field edges and low lying areas. • Don’t underestimate the impact of dew. • Know the period of activity and environmental conditions for each disease. • Start scouting well in advance of the typical period of activity.
these trials, several products consistently provided good control of powdery mildew. These products are powdery mildew targeted, and have a single site mode of action. To prevent the development of resistance, it is essential to always rotate between different fungicide groups and/or tank mix with a broad spectrum fungicide. Powdery Mildew Targeted Fungicides Showing Consistent Control in the Ridgetown Field Trials: Group 13 Quintec (quinoxyfen) 1 Group 7 Fontelis (penthiopyrad) Group U8 Vivando (metrafenone) 1 Note: Aprovia, Sercadis and Pristine are also group 7 fungicides, however they were not tested in the Ridgetown Campus trials. Several group 3 fungicides are labelled for powdery mildew in cucurbits including: Inspire (difenoconazole), Proline (prothioconazole) and Quadris Top (azoxystrobin/difenoconazole). The efficacy data for these products is not as strong as the ones listed above, however they
Figure 1. PM lesion on lower leaf surface. One leaf in 50 = time to spray! may be useful for product rotation. Fungicides containing chlorothalonil (Bravo ZN and Echo) provided a similar level of powdery mildew control. Research in Ontario and other jurisdictions indicates that the group 11 (QoI) fungicides no longer control powdery mildew. However, they may provide control of other cucurbit diseases such as anthracnose and alternaria. The powdery mildew
Interested in monitoring for brown marmorated stink bug? Traps are available HANNAH FRASER Brown marmorated stink bug is an invasive pest that has made its way to Ontario. In the U.S., it has caused economic injury in many agricultural crops, including tree fruit and vegetables. Our surveys over the last few years as well as confirmed homeowner finds indicate that it is established in many parts of southern Ontario. Early field detection is important in limiting economic injury. In addition to regular
scouting on your farm, traps for monitoring both nymphs and adults are available. These can help you to identify locally established populations and take necessary action. We have a limited number of traps and associated supplies available for use by interested growers and consultants this year. If interested in participating, you will be required to: • Set up the trap(s) (instructional video provided) • Check trap(s) weekly
• Collect any insects in the trap • Take a digital picture of any suspects • Keep suspects, send in your pictures via email Traps should be set up by June and taken down in September. They are easy to use, and are a good compliment to field monitoring. For more information on BMSB, visit ontario.ca/stinkbug.l Hannah Fraser is entomology program lead – horticulture, OMAFRA
targeted fungicides listed above will not provide control of other foliar cucurbit diseases unless tank-mixed or alternated with a broad spectrum fungicide such as chorothalonil (Bravo ZN, Echo) or mancozeb (Dithane, Manzate, Penncozeb). These broad spectrum fungicides are also valuable for resistance management. Elaine Roddy is vegetable crops specialist, OMAFRA.
APRIL 2016 –– PAGE 21 THE GROWER
OMAFRA IPM Scout Training Workshops for 2016 These workshops are available for those who will be scouting horticultural crops this year. To register, please contact OMAFRA’s Agricultural Information Contact Centre at 1-877-424-1300
Date & Time
Introduction to IPM
April 28 8:30 a.m. – 4:00 p.m.
Conference Rm 1, 2 and 3 1st Floor,1 Stone Rd. West, Guelph
Handouts provided Lunch on your own Pay parking ($12/day)
Tomatoes & Peppers
April 29 8:30 a.m. - 1:00 p.m.
PSC 003 Pestell Building (lower level), Ridgetown Campus.
Handouts provided See Resources for Vegetable Crop Scouts Lunch on your own
May 4 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m.
Auditorium, Simcoe OMAFRA Resource Centre
Handouts provided If possible, bring OMAFRA Publications 360 & 310 (available for purchase as well) Lunch on your own
Lettuce, Celery, Onions, Carrots
May 9 10:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m.
Conference Rm 3 1st Floor,1 Stone Rd. West, Guelph
Handouts provided See Resources for Vegetable Crop Scouts Lunch on your own Pay parking ($12/day)
Tender Fruit and Grape
May 9 9:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m.
Rittenhouse Hall, Vineland OMAFRA Resource Centre
Wendy McFadden- Smith Bring a laptop with WiFi capability Lunch on your own
May 12 10:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m.
Conference Rm 3 1st Floor,1 Stone Rd. West, Guelph
Handouts provided See Resources for Vegetable Crop Scouts Lunch on your own Pay parking ($12/day)
Strawberry and Raspberry
May 18 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.
Auditorium, Simcoe OMAFRA Resource Centre
Require OMAFRA Publication 360, Guide to Fruit Production ($20) Lunch on your own
June 1 3:30 p.m. - 9:30 p.m.
Auditorium, Simcoe OMAFRA Resource Centre
Require OMAFRA Publication 360, Guide to Fruit Production ($20) Dinner is provided ($20)
Sweet corn, Peas and Beans
May 11 9:00 am - noon
Room 102 Rudy Brown Rural Development Centre Ridgetown Campus
Lunch on your own
May 11 1:00 pm to 4:00 pm
Room 102 Rudy Brown Rural Development Centre Ridgetown Campus
Lunch on your own
field session available upon request
April 8 1:00 p.m. – 3:30 p.m.
Large Boardroom, Woodstock OMAFRA Resource Centre
June 17 1:00 p.m. - 3:30 p.m.
C&R Atkinson Farms Ltd. 228 Charlotteville Rd. 1, St. Williams
Sean Westerveld, Melanie Filotas
(Rain date: June 20 from 1:00 p.m. - 3:30 p.m.)
PAGE 22 –– APRIL 2016 THE GROWER
BITS AND BITES
Program to strengthen best merchandising practices for greenhouse vegetables in the U.S. The Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Growers (OGVG) has announced funding from Growing Forward 2 (GF2) for up to $172,000 over the next two years to implement a Retail Educational Merchandising Program for the U.S. market. The goals of this project are to educate U.S. retailers on best merchandising practices, develop and strengthen supply chain relationships, and ultimately increase Ontario greenhouse vegetable sales in the U.S. marketplace. “Our government is happy to support organizations like the Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Growers through Growing Forward 2 to reach new
markets, and promote Ontario’s high quality and delicious produce at home and abroad. By working with industry organizations we can expand opportunities for Ontario products in foreign markets and build a larger, stronger agri-food sector here in Ontario,” said Jeff Leal, Ontario Minister of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. “The greenhouse vegetable sector is an important part of Canadian agriculture. The Government of Canada is pleased to support this program to increase sales and continue to grow the agri-food sector,” said Lawrence MacAulay, federal Minister of Agriculture and
Agri-Food. OGVG general manager Rick Seguin notes: “The demands for retail education have multiplied and OGVG is committed to the development of an educational program for the U.S. marketplace. With rapid changing supply chain demands, OGVG’s education program will offer additional product knowledge and allow OGVG to expand on established and create new relationships to increase the overall demand of Ontario greenhouse vegetables.” Source: Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Growers’ news release
Colio Estate Wines makes purchase of local craft cidery Colio Estate Wines has purchased Provincial Beverages of Canada Inc., located in Thornbury Village, Ontario, a leading producer of awardwinning, premium, Ontario craft ciders and beer. The deal will enhance Colio Estate Wines portfolio through winning entries in the fast growing Ontario craft cider and beer categories. Colio plans to invest in the existing century-old historic facility located in Thornbury Village to create a unique retail
and hospitality experience capitalizing on the beautiful views of Georgian Bay and the Blue Mountains. “Our Company has kept a keen eye on the development of the local craft beer and cider category. This opportunity allowed us to gain a significant entry with one of the leading producers of high quality craft beer and cider in Ontario,” stated Jim Clark, president of Colio Estate Wines. In the more immediate term, Colio plans to move the existing
Brewery located in Nobleton to the Thornbury Village site, amalgamating the cidery and brewery production under the banner of Thornbury Village Brewery and Cidery. Plans are underway to open distinct cider and brewery retail stores at this location. Retaining key beer and cider sales and production expertise will ensure the continued growth and success of the Thornbury family of brands. Source: Canada Newswire
APRIL 2016 –– PAGE 23 THE GROWER
Reminder to apple growers: last year to use diazinon Health Canada’s Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) conducted a re-evaluation of diazinon uses in Canada and determined that most uses could no longer be supported due to health and environmental risk concerns. Through consultation with stakeholders, critical uses of diazinon that had no alternative control strategies were identified for longer-term phase-out to provide more time to develop a risk management plan. In June 2013, PMRA communicated the phaseout dates for diazinon products and the mitigation measures
required to further protect workers and the environment, which can be found in their consultation document titled REV2013-01, Diazinon Risk Management Plan. How will this phase-out affect Canadian apple growers? In apples, the last date of use for both registered diazinon products, Diazinon 50 WSP (PCP #29976) and Diazinon 500 E (PCP #11889) is December 31, 2016. Alternative options for diazinon are available for most
apple pests. However, alternative products may be limited based on the number of different chemical groups to rotate between for resistance management and/or certain alternatives may not provide as effective or consistent control as diazinon for some insect pests (e.g., mullein bug, wooly apple aphid). With relatively few alternative options for some pests, it is important to take the following steps to avoid development of insecticide resistance: • For pests with discrete generations (ie., mullein bug, apple
maggot, scale, leafcurling midge), do not use insecticides from the same group for more than one generation. Within a generation, if more than one spray is required, use a product from the same chemical group. • For pests with rapidly building and overlapping generations (ie. aphids), do not use products containing the same chemical group in consecutive applications. For a chart on alternatives for some pests commonly controlled by diazinon, see http://ow.ly/ZGlcN
New FRAC group created for Fracture fungicide The U.S.-based Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) has assigned Fracture fungicide from FMC to a newly created FRAC Group. When FMC launched Fracture fungicide in 2015, the broad spectrum, biological fungicide formulated with ProBLAD technology had such a unique mode of action that it could not be classified by current FRAC Group codes. FRAC codes are created by the committee to group fungicide active ingredients by modes and sites of action to prolong the effectiveness of at-risk fungicides and to limit crop losses should resistance occur. The FRAC codes also help growers and crop advisors identify which products to rotate to maintain effective disease control and minimize resistance development. The committee recently added the new FRAC Group M12 for Fracture fungicide and its active ingredient, the lupine extract called BLAD. Like other M group classifications, Fracture fungicide has “multi-site contact activity” and is considered a low risk for development of resistance, according to the FRAC publication. Fracture fungicide is labeled for the prevention and control of powdery mildew, botrytis and brown rot blossom blight. It is a patented fungicide labeled for use in Canada on grapes, strawberries and tomatoes. With a one-day pre-harvest interval and a four-hour re-entry interval, Fracture fungicide can be applied up to five times per season, providing growers with a flexible management tool that offers quick, reliable disease control that meets or exceeds established standards. To learn more about Fracture fungicide visit: fmccrop.ca/ products/fracture/ Source: FMC news release
Dis Disease sease contr ntro ol th hat adds s up.
Pristine® fungicide delivers broad--spectrum control of key disseases with a single product. Pristine also provides the benefits* of AgCelence® which may include increased growth efficiency and stress management. Call Ag gSolutions® Customer Care at 1-877-371-BASF (2273) or o visit agsolu utions.ca for more informatio on.
*AgCelen nce benefits refer to products that contain th he active ingredient pyraclostrobin.
Alway ys read and follow label dirrections. AgSolutio ons is a registered trade-mark of BASF Corrporation; AgCelence and PRISTINE are re egistered trade-marrks of BASF SE; all used with permission byy BASF Canada Inc. © 2016 BASF Canada a Inc.
Source: OMAFRA Orchard Network newsletter
Photo by Glenn Lowson
PAGE 24 –– APRIL 2016 THE GROWER
Lontrel herbicide label expanded for management of weeds on turnips JIM CHAPUT The Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) recently announced the approval of an URMULE registration for Lontrel herbicide for control of weeds on turnips in Canada. Lontrel herbicide was already labeled for use on a range of crops for weed control in Canada. Although rutabagas were already labeled on the Lontrel herbicide label, turnips were not…and these two crops are different despite what many people believe. www.differencebetween.net/object/difference-between-turnip-andrutabaga/ This minor use project was
submitted by Ontario in 2014 as a result of minor use priorities established by growers and extension personnel. The following is provided as an abbreviated, general outline only. Users should consult the complete label before using Lontrel herbicide. Lontrel herbicide is toxic to non-target terrestrial plants. Do not apply this product or allow drift to other crops or non-target areas. Do not contaminate offtarget areas or aquatic habitats when spraying or when cleaning and rinsing spray equipment or containers. The use of this chemical may result in contamination of groundwater particularly in areas where soils are permeable
0.42 – 0.56
1 (One) as a postemergent spray
Pre-harvest interval (days) 30 (turnip roots), 15 (turnip greens)
and/or the depth to the water table is shallow. Follow all other precautions and directions for use on the Lontrel label carefully. For a copy of the new minor use label contact your local crop specialist, regional supply outlet or visit the PMRA label site www.hc-sc.gc.ca/cpsspc/pest/registranttitulaire/tools-outils/label-etiqeng.php Jim Chaput is OMAFRA’s minor use coordinator based in Guelph.
Entrust and Success insecticide for control of spotted wing drosophila on stone fruit The Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) recently announced the approval of URMULE registrations for Entrust and Success insecticide (spinosad) for control of spotted wing drosophila (SWD) on stone fruit (crop group 12-09), which includes apricots, cherries, nectarines, peaches, plums and plumcots in Canada. Entrust and Success insecticide were already labeled for use on a number of crops in Canada for control of insects. These minor use projects were submitted by British Columbia in collaboration with other provinces in 2014 as a result of minor use priorities established by growers and extension personnel. The following is provided as an abbreviated, general outline only. Users should be making pest management decisions within a robust IPM program and should consult the
Stone fruit (CG 12-09)
Spotted winged drosophila (SWD)
Rate ENTRUST (mL/ha) 364
complete label before using Entrust or Success insecticides. Entrust and Success insecticide are highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment, drift or residues on flowering crops or weeds. Do not apply this product to flowering crops or weeds when bees are present. Entrust and
Rate SUCCESS (mL/ha)
Maximum of 3
Success insecticide are highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates and harmful to parasitoids and predatory mites. Do not apply this product or allow drift to other crops or non-target areas. Do not contaminate off-target areas or aquatic habitats when spraying or when cleaning and rinsing spray equipment or
1 (peach, nectarine) 3 (apricot, cherry, prune,
containers. Follow all other precautions and directions for use on the Entrust and Success labels carefully. For a copy of the new minor use label contact your local crop specialist, regional supply outlet or visit the PMRA label site www.hc-sc.gc.ca
Only rins sed containers can be recycled
Helps keep collec ction sites clean
Use all th he chemicals you purchase
Keeps collection sites safe for workers
Maintain you ur farm’s good reputattion
No o exccuse no ott to o! Now, take your empty e fertilizer containeerrs along for the ride! i
APRIL 2016 –– PAGE 25 THE GROWER
New fungicide for late blight, downy mildew Syngenta’s new fungicide Orondis Ultra is labelled for protecting potatoes against late blight for up to 21 days, however it’s also a good fit for preventing downy mildew in cucurbits, onions and leafy vegetables. Downy mildew is proving more problematic every year, especially in cucumbers. The disease does not overwinter in Canada, but is reintroduced each year by spores that are carried on winds from the southern United States. It’s not a disease controlled by crop rotation. Every year, it’s a blank slate on what disease pressure may develop. Some growers follow the disease tracking website from North Carolina University, while most rely on OMAFRA warnings. Once Ohio and Michigan have reports of downy mildew, then Ontario and Quebec growers must step up their protection program. “It’s shocking to the industry how quickly disease resistance has grown right across North America to new fungicides,” says Jim Anderson, Syngenta’s agronomic service representative for eastern Canada. “Orondis Ultra is unique in that it can work on these water molds – oomycetes – that infect leaves, and has no cross resistance to other products.” As Anderson explains, this new product is unique in that it is a true systemic. That means the active ingredient -- oxathiapiprolin – moves through the xylem up into new growth, providing up to two weeks of protection in the new developing leaves. The product is very active at low rates. The company is co-packing Orondis Ultra with mandipropamid, the same active found in the fungicide Revus . One case will treat 50 acres. This is a stewardship program to help prevent resistant strains by using two modes of action.
Here’s how Anderson recommends product use. • Both parts of the boxed product should be added to the tank, Orondis Ultra A first followed by Orondis Ultra B for mixing order • For cucumbers, add a broad spectrum protectant such as BravoZN • Use Orondis Ultra as a preventative product not a rescue • Use the product no more than in one-third of the entire season’s spray program • Never use Orondis Ultra back to back – use at least two other modes of action before returning to Orondis Ultra This product is best used as a preventative once disease is reported in nearby states. Second plantings at this time can benefit from band spraying for lower cost. Move to broadcast spraying once the canopy is in place. The label has pre-harvest interval of zero days and re-entry interval of 12 hours. Always consult the label before use. For more information, go to www.syngenta.ca. Photos right: The first picture shows downy mildew, with typical angular yellow, necrotic spots on the leaf, usually on the lower leaves first. The lower leaf surface shows the downy appearance in the morning, especially with dew. The second shot shows cucumber in the front row severely affected with downy mildew while the row of squash behind is unaffected with downy mildew, but showing signs of the white powdery look of powdery mildew. Pumpkins, squash and zuchinni have more problems with powdery mildew. Photos courtesy of Jim Anderson.
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PAGE 26 –– APRIL 2016 THE GROWER
MINOR USE CRAIG’S COMMENTS
Trust and consequences
CRAIG HUNTER OFVGA Back in time and in a different place, I had a boss who understood the ways of the world even better than I thought he did. One day we were dealing with a particularly well known prevaricator of the federal persuasion and needed to discuss an issue with him. This was done using the conference mode on the boss’s phone, although I had to stay completely silent. (A very difficult task for me!) By prior agreement, every time I thought the caller was less than truthful, I was to shake my head. We kept track, and reviewed the items at the end. (There were an awful lot for a 10-minute call!) Now I realize he may have been poorly briefed by his staff, but nonetheless it was a shameful performance. It also taught me to question what some people said always, what others say occasionally and to have doubt always when I do not know the person. It is easy to categorize those who you should never trust. High on that list is airline staff. I firmly believe they have a staff course on how to lie to the public with open eyes, friendly smile, and convincing professionalism. If they say it will be a 20-minute delay, count on at least an hour. If they suggest “we hope you have a nice flight, please sit back and relax,” what they really mean is “you poor slobs, we hope we don’t have to restrain you because the person
beside you, who is so large that they take half your seat space too, has given you an anxiety attack.” When you carefully place your coat and small compliant-size carry-on in the over-head rack, they come along later and crunch it all up or move it to accommodate an over-sized non-compliant sized bag to accommodate a late passenger. So much for Ms./Mr. nice person! Trust? Do you think you can fly that one past me? The banks come a close second place. Even though banking is a service industry, they have precious little front line staff left to perform service. It seems that the machine is expected to do everything a teller once did, except to explain things, be able to react to an uncommon need, and to keep the customer a happy customer. You can imagine the response when the machine did not do as was asked, and the attendant’s response after a 10 minute (timed) wait was ‘oh, it does that sometimes-please get in line (another 10 minutes) and a teller can help you!” The silent scream almost escaped my lips. Then there is the come-on of a (slightly) higher interest rate if you open a new account. The fine (extremely fine so seniors, who may actually have money to open a new account, cannot read it) print says the higher rate is only for three months, and there is a penalty (costly) if you close the account prematurely or drop the balance below a (relatively) high amount. The best one is where they do not tell you they are going to secure your line of credit by attaching a collateral lien on your home. This changes your insurance cost (in my case by $300) which is the only way I would have ever known they had done it! Trust? Humbug! Human resource ‘specialists’ are high on the list too. They are trained to say ‘we cannot do that’ and repeat it over and over
again. It is so tragic that they actually believe they cannot do (anything). It is hilarious to see how quickly they can jump an anointed staffer through the hoops of progression because of whom their patron saint(e) is, and all the while someone else gets to cover for their work or lack thereof. The worst thing one can do is to be the best at what they do. That person will never get progression because “Who can we ever get to do their job?” comes into play. Compare that to the person who never blots their copy book and always gives dutiful allegiance to their boss. The proverbial ass-kisser never does anything controversial (and maybe never accomplishes anything of value either) but gets pushed or pulled through the ranks nonetheless! The H.R. staff can manipulate anyone anywhere if they are directed to do so. The key to the opening phrase is what is left off the end of the sentence: ‘unless someone important to our future tells us to do so.’ Trust? Whom do you think is sponsoring me? We all hear the ads that wheedle and cajole the public to buy something they hadn’t realized up until then could be so important to their beauty, health, prosperity,
attractiveness, wealth, success and that they will be amongst the first to get it! People actually get conned every day by these approaches. It can be via the television, radio, social media, newspapers or curse of curses the telemarketer. The real go-getters even come door to door, usually selling natural gas contracts (at inflated prices) to unsuspecting homeowners. All of these approaches have things in common. Over promise, under deliver, and be impossible to find later. Optimism just drips from them as they give their spiel. They are optimistic they have a live one (you) and ever optimistic that you will never meet them again after a sale. (That is why sales people are parachuted into neighbourhoods far from home) The ads for weight-loss equipment start in earnest right after Christmas over-indulgence time. Duct cleaning just before spring and fall temperature changes, gas guys after cold winters when bills skyrocket, and the window guys are now year-round. Cell-phone plans get lots of air-time and even offer to pay (part) of the cost of changing from another service provider. The small (read tiny) print (they got the idea from the banks) states the new rate is
only for three months and then you pay through the teeth for three or four years to come! (How else do they pay for those up-front benefits?) Beware of what you are signing. Trust? Who are you kidding? Politicians? Used car salesmen? Do I have to say more? Trust? Ever heard the word in the same sentence as those guys? So who can you trust? It depends on the day and the subject. I have a good friend I would trust on almost anything except which restaurant to favour. ‘The food is not that spicy’ from him means it will only burn out my mouth in two minutes and not instantaneously. Then there is my curling buddy who says the ice interval time is 2.95 seconds and when that is what you throw and it comes up short the response is ‘well, the ice was a bit slower on that track!’ Then there is the pal who says he likes what I write, only for me to find that page of The Grower at the bottom of the birdcage. “The birds can so read it!” Trust is a valuable thing, hard to earn, and quick to fly away never to return. Cherish it, never take it for granted, and be healthily skeptic always! Trust me.
APRIL 2016 –– PAGE 27 THE GROWER
New blockbuster BASF fungicide in advanced development phase
At BASF world headquarters in Germany, the company is reporting a promising pipeline of new crop protection products. In 2015 alone, BASF spent €514 million on research and development in the crop protection division. In the fungicide area, BASF plans to launch a new blockbuster compound to global farmers starting in 2019. Already at an advanced phase of development, the new fungicide has demonstrated outstanding biological performance and is expected to become a key tool for effective disease control. Extensive research on this proprietary compound shows a high potential for broadspectrum activity against a wide range of pathogens in many crops, including specialty crops. BASF’s insecticide portfolio is also expanding with two new compounds increasing the number of tools for insect control and resistance management by the end of the decade. The compounds show strong commercial potential and
are the result of successful collaboration with other partners. The active ingredient broflanilide brings a new mode of action that has demonstrated excellent levels of control for chewing pests – the biggest insecticide market segment – for use in row and specialty crops as well as the professional pest management market. The other novel active ingredient, Inscalis, is effective against piercingsucking insects, providing long-lasting control of aphids, whiteflies, and certain leafhoppers, psyllids and scales for use in specialty crops and other crop species. Both products will be launched in several markets across the globe. “We have been very successful in translating ideas and challenges into best-in-class products and services for growers across the globe,” said Markus Heldt, president of BASF’s Crop Protection division. “Innovation remains a crucial component of agriculture today. It is a dynamic market, with everchanging needs and new challenges, and
we are happy that we can contribute with new solutions and technologies,” Heldt added. “For us, innovation goes beyond the discovery of new molecules and agrochemical compounds,” said Heldt. “We are investing in areas such as IT, formulation technologies, biological crop protection and new business models as well.” In 2015, Functional Crop Care, the business area in BASF that offers solutions for healthier plants and higher yields to supplement conventional crop protection, launched Limus nitrogen management. Limus is a patented product that helps crops maintain optimal nitrogen availability through the most critical growth stages of plant development, which leads to more consistent yields. Other solutions from the Functional Crop Care segment are in the market introduction phase. BASF’s track record in successfully commercializing new products has proven to be a key growth pillar for the
Crop Protection unit. Recently, more than 40 per cent of the business sales were generated by products launched in the past five years. “BASF continues to invest significant resources in order to help our Canadian customers produce the highest quality fruits and vegetables,” says Scott Hodgins, brand manager, horticulture and specialty products. “ As an example, in the last five years alone, we have introduced four new active ingredients and eight new products to the Canadian horticulture market. At the same time, we continue to support the development of additional crop protection solutions through cooperation with the minor use system.” Worldwide, BASF Crop Protection will continue to invest approximately nine per cent of its sales in R&D. Source: BASF news release
TTORRENT ORRENT 400SC 400SC is a group 21
CONTROL WHEN IT COUNTS
anti- sporulating fungicide that prevents diseases caused by oomycete fungi in a wide variety off vegetables.
TTORRENT ORRENT 400SC 400SC is a highly efffective and exce ellent preventative fungicide that controls a variety of root rots, foliar blight and do owny mildew at all stages off the e disease life cycle.
TORRENT is a trade-mark off Engage Agro Corporation
EN NG GAGE AGRO GAG
te el. 866.613.3336 email@example.com www.engageagro.com
PAGE 28 –– APRIL 2016 THE GROWER
CELEBRATING 137 YEARS AS CANADA’S PREMIER HORTICULTURAL PUBLICATION
WATER MANAGEMENT AND IRRIGATION
Managing water in droplets, mist and ice
Blueberry and strawberry nursery grower Dusty Zamecnik checks the water level on one of several ponds at EZ Grow Farms Ltd., near Langton, Ontario. The farm is part of the Grand River Watershed Node, a project of the Canadian Water Network. Photos by Glenn Lowson.
Living the land, living the water. That’s how every grower operates, totally dependent on what is offered up by the weather gods. Marshalling these resources gets a little easier with technology as Dusty Zamecnik points out at EZ Grow Farms Ltd., near Langton, Ontario. The Zamecnik family farm is located in what’s called the Grand River Watershed Node, part of the Canadian Water Network project. As the largest watershed in southern Ontario, the Grand River drains into Lake Erie through some of the most intensively farmed land in the province. “Farmers work together in this area ensuring we all have enough water,” says Zamecnik. Water management is challenged by population growth – almost one million
“ We’re getting more precise on where we’re putting water. It’s the diesel for pumps and the time for managing that costs.
inhabitants in the area and climate change. Local farmers can attest to severe frosts and more frequent droughts in recent years. The project researchers are monitoring and measuring quantity and quality of water, recording a baseline of data that can show when there are stressors in the watershed. Wise water use may come as
~ DUSTY ZAMECNIK
early as the upcoming full moons: April 22 and May 21. Those dates are critical for protecting 30 acres of blueberries from frost. It’s just the start of a long season of getting water to plants in the right form at the right time. There are three systems protecting blueberries and a strawberry nursery: overhead
sprinklers/retracting water guns and drip irrigation for blueberries and misting emitters for the strawberry nursery. “These are not new technologies but how they are used is important in saving time and labour,” says Zamecnik. Overhead sprinklers, for example, are no guarantee against frost but they can also be used later in the season when temperatures go higher than 30°C. At that point, sugars flow back from the berries into the plant, adversely affecting the flavour. Cooling blueberry plants with water can maintain brix levels in the fruit. Years ago, eight-inch underground irrigation pipes were laid five feet below the blueberry fields. This makes it easy to hook drip irrigation into hydrants strategically located throughout the fields. For every pump that’s used, there is a filter station to make sure there is no algae or dirt
particles building in the lines. All blueberry bushes receive filtered water. “We’re getting more precise on where we’re putting water,” says Zamecnik. “It’s the diesel for pumps and the time for managing that costs.” Drip irrigation is used not only in the blueberry fields but also in the strawberry nursery for more precise watering. It doubles for fertigation in the strawberry nursery with a 10 to 12-inch band over the strawberry plants. A solarpowered panel charges the battery for a computer that times watering to the minute. Drip tape is a major cost, especially when it has to be removed every year for field preparation. In single-year applications, that is for bareroot strawberry ground, Zamecnik uses six- to eight-millimetre thick drip tape. CONTINUED ON PAGE 7
PAGE B2 –– APRIL 2016 THE GROWER
WATER MANAGEMENT AND IRRIGATION
Invest in a water meter REBECCA SHORTT Water quantity is a hot topic these days. Measuring and recording water use can help to demonstrate how and where the agricultural industry is using water. Efficient and productive water use is beneficial both from an environmental and from a production perspective. Agricultural water use drives productivity, growing this important sector of Ontario. The single most important piece of equipment that you can invest in is a water meter. Also, keep daily records of your water usage. Whether you’re using water for irrigation or product washing, knowing how much you are actually using is the most important piece in understanding where you can find efficiencies. Efficient water use can have several positive spin-off benefits: energy savings, lower nutrient run-off and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The environmental benefits are not the only reason to improve water use efficiency. In fact, improving water use efficiency can have a significant impact on reducing water supply costs, reducing wastewater management costs and improving production efficiencies (i.e. increasing fruit and vegetable size by providing moisture when the plants need it). In addition, using water efficiently can help growers adapt to changing climatic conditions.
Some of the new approaches the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA) is working on with growers are soil moisture monitoring with wireless automated access. Not only can we see when the soil is drying out and it may be time to irrigate, but also how effective rainfall or irrigations were at replenishing water in the root zone (Figure 1). OMAFRA is collaborating with the University of Guelph in developing the use of satellites for soil moisture mapping. The potato, grape and tree fruit growers have worked with Weather INnovations to provide maps of daily vapotranspiration (ET) that can be used for irrigation scheduling (www.onpotatoes.com and www.vineinnovations.com). A series of water quantity and quality grower demonstration projects were funded through Growing Forward 2 in 2013-2014. Reports and videos of these projects can be found on the Farm & Food Care Ontario website at www.farmfoodcare.org/environment. All of OMAFRA’s irrigation resources can be found on our irrigation web page (www.omafra.gov.on.ca/ english/engineer/irrigation.htm), including our series of videos on irrigation system assessments and soil moisture monitoring. The mainstream media has produced a glut of articles about the drought and challenges facing California and the western United States. One of the chal-
Figure 1. Soil moisture fluctuation with rainfall and irrigations (purple arrows). Probes at 12” and 24” below surface. PWP means the Permanent Wilting Point. lenges in Ontario is the need for more water infrastructure for farming, such as more water supplies, better access to water and storage. Numerous studies have demonstrated that there is potential for greater agricultural water use in Ontario, leading to greater agricultural productivity. This will benefit our rural areas and the economy. Ontario is not facing the same water challenges as California, but we need to stand behind our water use practices. Demonstration of our efficient and productive water use is crucial. Water meter, monitoring flow in drip irrigation system. Rebecca Shortt is an engineer, water quantity for the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs.
A program designed to help Ontario farmers with water taking permit needs
Rebecca Shortt (OMAFRA) measuring Evapotranspiration (ET) with an Atmometer.
Mr. Shearer’s mandate is to provide surface water taking permit and impact study services to agricultural water takers throughout the Province of Ontario. The purpose for the development of this position at the OFVGA was to lessen the confusion and costs to farmers of the required water taking permit process and subsequent studies. Mr. Shearer will assess clients’ needs in terms of support required in order to successfully complete their PTTW application as well as to assist clients to assess best options for water taking given cost and regulatory constraints.
Ontario Fruit and Vegetable Growers Association p: 519-763-6160 ext. 219 c: 519-222-3272 f: 519-763-6604 firstname.lastname@example.org
Two technologies being compared to wirelessly transmit soil moisture, rainfall and other weather data.
APRIL 2016 –– PAGE B3 THE GROWER
WATER MANAGEMENT AND IRRIGATION
Splish splash, I was takin’ a bath until I optimized my irrigation system Figure 1: Uneven distribution across the field with little overlap in the centre at the dip. 25% application efficiency.
KATIE GIBB Back in September 2015, Bruce Kelly of Farm & Food Care Ontario wrote an article for The Grower about getting wet while helping evaluate how evenly an irrigation system applied water to a vegetable field. The process involved collecting and measuring water in buckets in a grid pattern in the field for a period of time, measuring the flow rate and pressure at each sprinkler nozzle, and recording the type and condition of sprinkler nozzles used and riser pipe heights. We found that the irrigation water application or distribution uniformity was not very even; in fact, it was only 25 per cent efficient. The target is 80 to 100 per cent. What does 25 per cent mean? Well, when you finish applying what you think is one inch of water over the field, it means that some areas are only getting one-quarter of an inch of water because of virtually no overlap in water coverage. The other way of looking at it is that if you apply one inch of water to the poor overlap areas, other portions of the field will get four inches of water elsewhere. Either those poor beets have their tongues hanging out or they are building an ark depending on which neighbourhood they ended up in. What it means to the grower is a potential variation in quality and quantity of product across the field. Once you know that the application is uneven, ask why and what can be done to make sure the crop has the same amount to drink. The spacing between laterals along with nozzle pressures, flow rates, conditions, and types help tell us why. In this case, moving the laterals closer together by about 20 feet improves overlap and raises the distribution uniformity to 75 per cent. Further improvement to bring the system to at least 80 per cent efficiency can be achieved by dealing with the nozzles. The nozzle pressure dropped slightly along the lateral, but it was not significant. Variations in nozzle flow rates were not related to pressure or distance from the main. The nozzles were in reasonably good condition. The big factor was the variation in the types of nozzles used and the height of the standpipes. Most of the sprinkler heads were single nozzles; however, 18 per cent of the sprinklers had double nozzles. None of the nozzles was plugged, but one was turning slowly and one was leaking. The lateral was leaking at a standpipe connection in one area. Most of the risers were twelve inches high, but 18 per cent were 20 inches. The farm has a nozzle
Niagara on the Lake, ON
Bucket grid layout to collect irrigation water to determine irrigation application efficiency replacement program. This assessment highlighted that they are doing the right thing by standardizing the nozzles and replacing old or failed units. It also placed focus on standardizing the riser heights; after all, how can you get consistent application if your equipment varies? What did we all learn?
Figure 2: Efficiency improved to 75% by moving the lateral 20' closer. The dip is gone.
1. The uneven application of irrigation water was not obvious to the eye. You needed to conduct the assessment to make what was happening visible. 2. Discuss the results with the grower or owner or operator to get feedback. We recommended moving the laterals closer by about three beds or 20 feet. This simple recommendation was not practical for the operation. In the end, it was decided that moving the laterals closer by thirteen feet was more practical. 3. The poor overlap has two potential implications: produce that is underwatered, or, produce that is over-watered if you want to ensure the dry areas get enough water. Either way, there may be implications to time to market, product quality and/or consistency, or crop input requirements. Over-watering means additional pump run time, which costs you unnecessary money. 4. Continue with the nozzle replacement program. The assessment drew attention to the impact the variation in nozzle types and their condition has on how even irrigation water is applied to a field. Standardization of nozzles and riser heights will help move this system from 75 per cent to at least 80 per cent distribution uniformity efficiency.
Phone: (905) 468-5016
5. Irrigate when the air is still, typically early evening, early morning, or at night, to prevent the water from evaporating before it hits the ground or being blown to the neighbour’s weed-filled hedgerow.
7. If you have an irrigation pond, you are on time-of-use rates, and if you use an electric pump, fill the pond at night to take advantage of the cheapest electricity rates.
6. Install a flow meter at the pump to measure how much water is being applied to the field or farm. A flow meter is a tool to help identify leaks, blockages, variations in the application rates for different crops (you might find out that some crops are too expensive to grow), or variations in operator application rates. By benchmarking your water use, you can identify issues or tweek your system. It is the old adage, information is knowledge.
8. Many of the recommendations are low cost and easy to implement or incorporate into your operation and maintenance program. For more information on the project, or if you are interested in a water assessment, please contact either Katie Gibb, Phoenix Solutions email@example.com or Bruce Kelly at Farm & Food Care Ontario firstname.lastname@example.org.
Fax: (905) 468-5676 e-mail: info@vine eyardmachines.com
Katie Gibb is project manager for Phoenix Solutions.
PAGE B4 –– APRIL 2016 THE GROWER
WATER MANAGEMENT AND IRRIGATION
Hard truths don’t soften the costs of managing washwater Outdoor
KAREN DAVIDSON For Ontario’s Holland Marsh growers, nothing is easy about the layers of provincial environmental regulations and complexity of removing muck soils from root crops. As soon as vegetables such as carrots, beets and parsnips go through a washing facility, they are subject to compliance requirements by the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC). Muck soils and sandy soils react differently and therefore washing challenges are different. The washwater is considered industrial waste. After two years of water projects funded by the Lake Simcoe-Southeastern Georgian Bay Clean-Up Fund, several lessons are bubbling to the surface. Soil is not a nutrient and needs to come out first in the water management process, says Charles Lalonde, project manager for the Holland Marsh Growers’ Association Water Project. You can’t approach soil suspended in water. “Technology requires attention and optimization,” says Lalonde. “You can’t buy a new piece of equipment and leave it alone. It needs to be optimized.” What growers have found in installing new equipment is that it demands a new category of maintenance. In many cases, this means licensed electricians, plumbers and information technology (IT) personnel. These new systems require people on the ground at the plant who can deal with electronics. The location of water treatment within your operations is often a challenge. When installing new systems, consider how they will be monitored. “It’s not like you have employees walking by every few minutes to see if equipment is functioning,” says Lalonde. “It can be a challenge to work in areas that are far from washing activities.” “We’re now dealing with a complex regulatory system, involving MOECC staff who are also searching for beneficial solutions,” says Lalonde. “Don’t try for a home run.” With 16 growers active on several project sites, these are the lessons learned so far. The project goals are to: • reduce risks to environment from vegetable washwater discharge • evaluate technologies to treat washwater from vegetables grown on muck soils • build capacity in the industry to supply They are testing technolo-
gies to reduce total suspended solids, reduce phosphorus and reduce biological oxygen demand (BOD). The latter is the ultimate gauge of effectiveness of washwater treatment. By definition, it is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed (i. e., demanded) by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period. As Paul Plotz, MOECC reports, “Muck soils are our most complex issue, but we are having some success.” “Don’t create a problem and then you don’t need to manage the problem,” he says. “Don’t create more washwater than you need.”
Technology requires attention and optimization. You can’t buy a new piece of equipment and leave it alone. It needs to be optimized.
Washwater treatment system
~ CHARLES LALONDE
With existing facilities, MOECC looks for abatement plans that lead toward full compliance. With expanding facilities, MOECC expects compliance with the expanded portion. With new facilities, MOECC expects full compliance. He says there is a measurable reduction in phosphorus loading to Lake Simcoe. All of these lessons have been learned and paid for by Smith Gardens, Keswick, Ontario. Three years after running afoul of MOECC, they have invested $2 million in a state-of-the-art washwater treatment system. With 450 acres of carrots to wash and package, they put an end to any further disputes so they can grow their business and export to the U.S. The new system allows them to recycle 70 per cent of their water, says Paul Smith. The remainder is lost to attrition. This is a significant savings with 60,000 gallons of water used per day. Ian Smith shared the flow charts above that outline their new washwater treatment system. “We are about 10 years ahead of our peers in dealing with washwater, and as such, consider ourselves one of the most sustainable operations in the country.”
APRIL 2016 –– PAGE B5 THE GROWER
WATER MANAGEMENT AND IRRIGATION
Monitoring and improving water efficiency GEORGE SHEARER Recently I have been involved in a lot of projects that require a significant amount of monitoring in order to secure Permits To Take Water under the Ontario Water Resources Act (OWRA). It seems that the Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change’s (MOECC) new direction for water management is geared towards a long-term commitment to data collection and analysis. Gone are the days when if you applied for a permit then you pretty much got one with very little requirement to do anything beyond the initial assessment to gain the permit. Every water-taking permit issued in Ontario comes with the standard clause that requires you to log your usage of the water and report this information to the Water Taking and Reporting division of the MOECC. For what purpose I couldn’t tell you and I worked at the MOECC for a number of years. It seems to be more of an exercise in making sure that you
follow the rules more than a legislated way to collect valuable information that could be used to better manage the resource. Now a days, it seems that every issued permit has some form of extra monitoring requirement such as installation of staff gauges in streams or level loggers for wells. It seems that the MOECC has no concept of the cost of these requirements or the extra time involved but there is a benefit. The benefit is long-term sustainable access to a very valuable water supply. Water on the farm can mean the difference of making a profit or just making a living. It is no doubt that irrigation can increase crop yields considerably and in times such as 2007, considered a drought year, it can be the difference between life and death. Understanding your water supply and its limitations can make for more informed decisions around your operation. If water is the limiting factor on your farm then you need to be able to squeeze every drop out of your source and use it as efficiently as possible.
Equipment such as piezometers and moisture meters can allow you to better understand how water is best managed and distributed. Using soil mapping of the farm and understanding the different characteristics of the soils can allow for efficient distribution of water and nutrients to areas of
Growing to Growing Gr ogether
We focus on compliance so s you can grow your business b
For more e information
most need through the development of irrigation zones. As the farming landscape changes from many small localized farms with limited acreage to large industrial farms with many, many acres, it’s important to understand the different environments within the farm unit. Plan accordingly to maximize the efficient use and distribution of the limited supply of water rather than going for
increases to water permits which might not be available. Utilizing more efficient, modernized irrigation systems can provide a significant amount of information and will not only conserve our resource but will save you money by only irrigating areas that need it cutting on fuel cost, equipment maintenance and time. Investing in flow meters can make your life easier when it comes to reporting and can also give you information on your actual water needs rather than relying on estimates based on your irrigation equipment specs. You may find that you have more water available than you thought which can lead to more informed management of your property and what it’s capable of supporting. Understanding the needs of the crop in relation to the soils and water needs is the first step in becoming more efficient. This coupled with detailed knowledge of the water source can go a long way to ensuring your operation’s long-term sustainability. So even though it may seem incredibly onerous when MOECC issues your permit and you see what is required of you, realize that the information you are collecting for them is really for you and use it to your benefit. After all, you are paying for it. George Shearer is water specialist, Ontario Fruit and Vegetable Growers’ Association.
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PAGE B6 –– APRIL 2016 THE GROWER
WATER MANAGEMENT AND IRRIGATION
Trend to more controlled and precise water management KAREN DAVIDSON In the last decade, there’s been a steady movement to more controlled and precise water management. No one has seen that trend more clearly than Ray MacKenzie, design and sales, for Vanden Bussche Irrigation, Delhi, Ontario. In a March 22 presentation to the Ontario Hazelnut Association, he outlined some of the benefits and machinery used in drip irrigation. Graphically he showed the different watering patterns of overhead or flood irrigation vs sprinkler vs drip. When using drip irrigation only the water which has been used by the plant in the previous day or two is added to the soil resulting in a more balanced mix of air, water and nutrients in the soil. Additionally, since the water is applied only to the active root zone, a lot of water can be saved. Most crops in Ontario will use approximately one inch of water a week when in full production. This equates to more than 27,000 US gallons per acre. The amount that is saved comes from the wasted water which is in the form of overspray, wind drift, evaporation, run off and watering areas between rows (think apple orchards) etc with overhead systems. This could be up to 50 per cent savings on some systems. The newer technology has the benefits of distributing smaller amounts of water, more frequently
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and offering the flexibility of fertigation. A healthier plant environment also allows for better nutrient uptake and less disease pressure. Growers like the lower pumping costs and less weed pressure, in addition to more flexible irrigation timing. “The newest crop to take advantage of drip irrigation is haskaps,” says MacKenzie. “Along with drip irrigation is an increased need for frost protection. We’re installing more sprinklers and row covers.” Row covers range from 20 grams to 40 grams in weight. The heavier weights are used to protect strawberries, especially the day-neutral varieties. Some apple growers are going back to sprinklers for frost protection, while using the drip method to irrigate. Both aluminum and PVC pipe can be used here with common spacings from 40 to 60 feet. Sprinklers are increasingly made from plastic instead of brass and are normally placed above the tree canopy. Another area of increased interest is flow meters, not only for the purpose of tracking water volume for government reports but for better management
decisions. Today, flow meters can be equipped with transmitters so that real-time data flows back to the home computer. Soil moisture monitoring helps to evaluate when to start the taps flowing in the first place. Automated systems are preferred as water volumes and soil moisture are tracked hourly and statistics can be compared at precisely the same time every day and stored for future reference. Starting at $4,000, this equipment may not be affordable for every operation in which case manual readings can be very useful, but must be done at the same time, mid-morning, every day. However, it’s a sign of the times in terms of how seriously growers are investing in water management. Automated diesel systems -- similar to electric pumps with variable frequency drives -- are proving popular. As water demands increase, the pump will speed up or slow down. These systems will keep pressure constant, regardless of demand and can start and stop the unit based on time or demand. Every drop counts.
CALL ABE FIRST FOR BETTER PRICES, MORE CHOICES, FAST, AND FRIENDLY SERVICE. BUY A DIESEL ENGINE PUMP UNIT FROM THE DIESEL MECHANIC.
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The ‘AQUA Wetland System’ “A new breed of constructed wetland” AQUA Treatment Technologies Inc. designs and installs the ‘AQUA Wetland System’ (AWS) for tertiary treatment of many types of waste water including sanitary sewage, landfill leachate, dairy farm & abattoir wastewater, greenhouse irrigation leachate water & mushroom farm leachate water (i.e. manure pile leachate) and high strength winery washwater. The ‘AQUA Wetland System’ is operated out of doors and can achieve year-round tertiary treatment of wastewater. This sub-surface, vertical flow constructed wetland consists of sand & gravel beds planted with moisture tolerant plant species. Water is pumped vertically from cell to cell. There is no open or standing water. Treatment occurs through physical filtration & biological degradation. Plants shade & insulate the cells, cycling nutrients while preventing algae growth. There is no production of sludge. The AWS has been approved for use by the Ontario Ministry of Environment through over 40 Environmental Compliance Approvals. Recently the Region of Niagara began approving the AWS for treatment of ‘small flow’ winery washwater I.e. < 10,000 liters per day. Other agencies who have issued approvals include Health Canada, USEPA and OMAFRA. Recent projects include: 1) treatment & re-use of greenhouse irrigation leach water at greenhouses in Niagara & Haldimand 2) treatment of winery wastewater at Greenlane Estates Winery & numerous other in Niagara 3) treatment of landfill leachate at sites in Pembroke, Niagara and Alabama
For additional information please Contact Lloyd Rozema at: cell. 905-327-4571 email. email@example.com
APRIL 2016 –– PAGE B7 THE GROWER
WATER MANAGEMENT AND IRRIGATION
Managing water in droplets, mist and ice CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 It’s flimsy and relatively easy to puncture with a hoe or cultivator, but easy to fix. At the end of the growing season, about November, the hundreds of metres of tape are rolled up, bagged and sent to a recycling facility. “As we are seeing the effectiveness and gains from this drip tape, we are looking at reusable tape in our program,” says Zamecnik. “With tape that’s 15- or 20-millimetres thick, it’s more expensive but we hope the cost can be stretched over a few seasons to justify the practice.” In the blueberry fields, 25-millimeter drip tape is used because it needs to endure everything from tractors and winds to pruning and winter weather. “We look to have this on the ground for 20 years before replacing our blueberry field with new drip tape.” Water management is also key for the strawberry nursery. Misting emitters are used to water strawberry plugs, sensitive to drying out. To ensure quality of the water, tests are conducted every other week. If a disease spot shows up on strawberries, then the question must be asked about the source. Is it disease resulting from a clogged filter? Could it be over-watering which leaches fertilizer below the root zone? Frequent water tests help to trace the source. The strawberry nursery business is on a growth trajectory with negotiated rights to the greenhouses that used to belong to the Delhi Tobacco Research Station. When the federal station was closed several years ago, it was sold to private buyers. Now those greenhouses will be used to generate disease- and virus-free plants from nuclear stock. The resulting plants will be grown out in the nursery and then sold to strawberry clients in the southern U.S. Here again, the high-grade water available at the station is an advantage since it is produced from reverse osmosis. After the bareroot strawberry plants are grown out and put into plugs at the farm, they are graded and readied for shipment. They are placed into double-waxed boxes with a slice of ice to provide some humidity and moisture for the trip. These boxes have vents so that any water can drain onto the field. By conducting this chore in the field, the Zamecnik’s avoid any washwater issues that might
otherwise be encountered in a covered facility. It total, the farm has three permits to take water. The paperwork is the easy part. Today, water management is squeezing the resource into tinier components and metering them one drop at a time. Photo right: Dusty Zamecnik offers an overview of the strawberry nursery.
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Always read and follow label directions. The KASUMIN logo is a trademark and KANEMITE, the KANEMITE logo, MAESTRO, and the MAESTRO logo are registered trademarks of Arysta LifeScience North America, LLC. ACRAMITE and CASORON are registered trademarks of MacDermid Agricultural Solutions Inc. KASUMIN is a registered trademark of Hokko Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. RIMON is a registered trademark of an ADAMA Group Company. Arysta LifeScience and the Arysta LifeScience logo are registered trademarks of Arysta LifeScience Corporation. ©2016 Arysta LifeScience North America, LLC. CDNH-1507
PAGE B8 –– APRIL 2016 THE GROWER
To advertise phone: 519-380-0118 • 866-898-8488 x 218 • Fax: 519-380-0011 CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING
CLASSIFIEDS For Sale: FMC Packing Line with 4 lane, 4 drops, washer, dryer, elevator, top dump bin dumper. 4” irrigation pipe. Gormen Rup 4x4 irrigation pump. 48” exhaust fans w/ one horse motors (208 and 600 volt). Holland CO2 generators 399000btu. 34” and 48” greenhouse glass vents. Contact John at 519-791-2371
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For Sale: 200 + lengths of Wade Rain irrigation pipe, 3" x 40 ft long complete with sprinkler heads. Very good condition. Call Gord at 905-541.-781. For Sale: Checchi & Magli transplanter. 2 row with double racks. Extra plow shoes and cup sizes. Like new. $10,800. 519-476-4430.
• For bundling green onions, asparagus, broccoli, celery, leeks, herb and other vegetables • Some come with different colours or printed PLU# • Also carry UV bands for plants, ferns, and flowers for green houses and nurseries Natural Rubber: Best tensile strength available in North America. Complete product range inventoried in Ontario. Bay Tree Enterprises E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org Cell: (416) 452-7574
Equipment for Sale: 3 pt. Veg-veyer and 3 selfunloading wagons. 3 field pack cauliflower wagons with 2-12ft. conveyors. 2 field pack broccoli wagons with stainless tables and air compressors and bunchers. All wagons are 64” centers. Don Almas, cell 289439-0711, office 519-647-2729.
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PACKING HOUSE AND USED EQUIPMENT Used apple packing line Capacity 22 to 25 bins / 8 hrs Description: Burg dry bin dumper FMC brush, wax and dryer 36’’ wide FMC sizer 2 mechanic lanes All electric supply that go with those equipment are included in the deal. Everything in good condition and ready to use.
If you have a rural route address, please update subscription with your civic address to ensure delivery. 866-898-8488 ext 221 www.thegrower.org
For information please call Pierre Jodoin 450-467-4744 * 229 Sylvain Jodoin 450-467-4744 * 228
APRIL 2016 –– PAGE B9 THE GROWER
To advertise phone: 519-380-0118 • 866-898-8488 x 218 • Fax: 519-380-0011 EQUIPMENT
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PAGE B10 –– APRIL 2016 THE GROWER
To advertise phone: 519-380-0118 • 866-898-8488 x 218 • Fax: 519-380-0011 GREENHOUSE ROOFING
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If you have a rural route address, please update subscription with your civic address to ensure delivery. 866-898-8488 ext 221 www.thegrower.org
APRIL 2016 –– PAGE B11 THE GROWER
To advertise phone: 519-380-0118 • 866-898-8488 x 218 • Fax: 519-380-0011 SEED AND ROOTSTOCK
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Discover Reading's history, story's & hidden gems
Tradition has it that Reading is the town of three Bs, beer, biscuits and bulbs. Let us share those three with you, and add a couple more; bricks and Bayeux, as well as Henry I’s abbey.
Not content with that, how about hearing about the Kennet and Avon Canal and Oscar Wilde’s Ballad of Reading Gaol?
Former Poet Laureate Sir John Betjeman wrote “few towns are less prepossessing at first glance than Reading, but few towns better repay exploration”. Let us go. | <urn:uuid:f255edb2-33bb-4567-a69a-0e31d42be441> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tours2order.com/types-of-tour/town-tours/reading/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.960268 | 133 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Question: Does the commercialization of cannabis signal a watershed moment in Canadian business?
Vaughn Hammond: “In Newfoundland and Labrador, we thought that it was, but the way that they rolled it out kind of made it difficult for small business to take advantage of cannabis legalization. So, around the whole idea of 80 per cent margin, many people said, ‘How am I going to be able to participate in this? Understanding that there are certain requirements financially, legally, security-wise, education and public awareness-wise, how am I going to be able to participate in this?’
“A lot of them, when they saw the RFP (request for proposals) by the NLC, just automatically disqualified themselves and just said, ‘I can’t do this, so I won’t participate.’
“That doesn’t necessarily mean that some small business owners may not make a go of it, because the person who’s trying to operate a business in Portugal Cove-St. Philip’s, he might be able to make a go of it – hopefully that might happen. But … how they rolled it out made small business owners think about whether they wanted to participate or not, and ultimately, they decided not to.
“(The government) could have set it such that the margins were higher. They could have recognized what it would be in order to be a Tier 1 operator. They could have opened it up to competition as opposed to doing it by area codes. So, the way that they did it kind of put small businesses behind before they even applied to become qualified.
“Essentially, it’s good that there’s a private option available, but when it comes to small business owners — and I think this has played out — it was an opportunity at the beginning, but the way that the government rolled it out, it ended up being something that they had to forgo in the end.
Vaughn Hammond, director of provincial affairs for the Canadian Federation of Independent Business
Question: How will marijuana affect the dressing room?
Brad Gushue: “I think, for someone at our level, it’s not going to affect it really at all. The reason for that is we’re governed by WADA – the World Anti-Doping Agency – and I don’t see the rules changing on cannabis any time soon, because that’s obviously the World Anti-Doping Agency and you need more than just one country to legalize marijuana to make it legal, I guess, for sport.
“Now, they might go ahead and do that before some of the other countries, but I think probably more study needs to be done on how (pot) can be used to potentially enhance sport, or enhance performance, or reduce pain or whatever it can be used for, and I don’t know much about it, to be quite honest. So, as far as the dressing rooms, I don’t see at our level much changing. You’re not going to see guys lighting up in the dressing rooms or anything like that, and in professional sports most of those are governed by the World Anti-Doping Agency, so I don’t see that changing much.
“The issues that I potentially see are because it is a banned substance for us, and it’s going to be legalized, I know there might be more exposure to it, and I don’t know how that affects testing or anything like that.
“You look back at the whole Ross Rebagliati thing a number of years ago, and again, I don’t know much about it. I haven’t really been around it much in my life, and really don’t intend on changing that just because it’s legalized. I know over the course of my career, I just avoided those situations just because of the situation with Ross. … You don’t want to be caught in that same situation, so I just avoided it over the course of my career.
“With it being legalized now, it might be a little bit harder for people like myself who just don’t want to put themselves in that situation and run the risk of having a positive test. So, that might be a potential issue, but for me and my social circle, it’s really not an issue.
“If you do happen to get outside of that and go to a party where it’s being done heavily, or a concert, I don’t know if that’s actually going to increase the risks, or what level you need to get to for us to test positive because, as I said, it’s still a banned substance under WADA’s prohibited list.”
Brad Gushue, Olympic gold medallist | <urn:uuid:2b15711f-2e8d-49a2-8715-7b054fe7cd82> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.saltwire.com/newfoundland-labrador/news/two-views-on-legalization-249785/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.966352 | 1,021 | 1.757813 | 2 |
- Author : Gordon J. Alexander
- Release Date : 13 August 2022
- Publisher : Pearson Educación
- Genre : Business & Economics
- Pages : 781
- ISBN 13 : 9702603757
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Book Description: This introduction provides a clear framework for understanding and analyzing securities, and covers the major institutional features and theories of investing. While the book presents a thorough discussion of investments, the authors keep the material practical, relevant, and easy to understand. The latest developments in investments are brought to life through the use of tables, graphs, and illustrations that incorporate current market information and academic research. An international content deals directly with international securities and securities markets throughout the book—along with currency management and interest rate parity. Up-to-date “Money Matters” articles reflect the latest real-world developments and are provided throughout each chapter to give readers a sense of how practitioners deal with various investment issues and use techniques. Other coverage includes an array of investment tools—presented through discussions on stocks, bonds, and other securities such as options and futures. A guide to reviewing, forecasting, and monitoring—for individuals preparing to make investments or take the CFA exam. | <urn:uuid:8e2c67ba-72c8-4fc8-8f1b-f8362cea2ed6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hermesnews.org/books/margen/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.872144 | 256 | 2.453125 | 2 |
|Native name||山本 五十六|
|Born||April 4, 1884|
|Died||18 April 1943(aged 59)|
|Place of birth||Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan|
|Place of death||Buin, Papua New Guinea†|
|Allegiance||Empire of Japan|
|Service/branch||Imperial Japanese Navy|
|Years of service||1901–1943|
|Unit||Combined Fleet among others|
Isuzu, Akagi |
Naval Air Command, Navy Ministry, Naval Air Command, 1st Fleet, Combined Fleet, 1st Battleship Division
Isoroku Yamamoto (山本 五十六 Yamamoto Isoroku , 4 April 1884 – 18 April 1943) was a Japanese Marshal Admiral and the commander-in-chief of the Combined Fleet during World War II, a graduate of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy.
Yamamoto held several important posts in the Imperial Japanese Navy, and undertook many of its changes and reorganizations, especially its development of naval aviation. He was the commander-in-chief during the decisive early years of the Pacific War and so was responsible for major battles such as Pearl Harbor and Midway. He died when American codebreakers identified his flight plans and his plane was shot down. His death was a major blow to Japanese military morale during World War II.
Yamamoto was born Isoroku Takano (高野 五十六 Takano Isoroku ) in Nagaoka, Niigata. His father was Takano Sadayoshi (高野 貞吉), an intermediate-rank samurai of the Nagaoka Domain. "Isoroku" is an old Japanese term meaning "56"; the name referred to his father's age at Isoroku's birth.
In 1916, Isoroku was adopted into the Yamamoto family (another family of former Nagaoka samurai) and took the Yamamoto name. It was a common practice for Japanese families lacking sons to adopt suitable young men in this fashion to carry on the family name, the rank and the income that comes with it. In 1918 Isoroku married Reiko Mihashi, with whom he had two sons and two daughters.
After graduating from the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in 1904, Yamamoto served on the armored cruiser Nisshin during the Russo-Japanese War. He was wounded at the Battle of Tsushima, losing two fingers (the index and middle fingers) on his left hand, as the cruiser was hit repeatedly by the Russian battleline. He returned to the Naval Staff College in 1914, emerging as a Lieutenant Commander in 1916.
1920s and 1930s
Yamamoto was part of the Japanese Navy establishment, who were rivals of the more aggressive Army establishment, especially the officers of the Kwantung Army. As such he promoted a policy of a strong fleet to project force through gunboat diplomacy, rather than a fleet used primarily for transport of invasion land forces, as some of his political opponents in the army wanted. This stance led him to oppose the invasion of China. He also opposed war against the United States partly because of his studies at Harvard University (1919–1921) and his two postings as a naval attaché in Washington, D.C. He learned to speak fluent English as a result. Yamamoto traveled extensively in the United States during his tour of duty there, where he studied American customs and business practices. He showed a keen interest in the American petroleum industry, and became so well-versed with its workings that he received job offers from American oilmen. He was promoted to Captain in 1923. On 13 April 1924 at the rank of captain, he was part of the Japanese delegation visiting the U.S. Naval War College. Later that year, he changed his specialty from gunnery to naval aviation. His first command was the cruiser Isuzu in 1928, followed by the aircraft carrier Akagi.
He participated in the second London Naval Conference of 1930 as a Rear Admiral and the 1934 London Naval Conference as a Vice Admiral, as the government felt that a career military specialist needed to accompany the diplomats to the arms limitations talks. Yamamoto was a strong proponent of naval aviation, and served as head of the Aeronautics Department before accepting a post as commander of the First Carrier Division. Yamamoto personally opposed the invasion of Manchuria in 1931, the subsequent land war with China (1937), and the 1940 Tripartite Pact with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. As Deputy Navy Minister, he apologized to United States Ambassador Joseph C. Grew for the bombing of the gunboat USS Panay in December 1937. These issues made him a target of assassination threats by pro-war militarists.
Throughout 1938, many young army and naval officers began to speak publicly against Yamamoto and certain other Japanese admirals such as Mitsumasa Yonai and Shigeyoshi Inoue for their strong opposition towards a Tripartite pact with Nazi Germany for reportedly being against "Japan's natural interests." Yamamoto himself received a steady stream of hate mail and death threats from Japanese nationalists but his reaction to the prospect of death by assassination was passive and accepting. The Admiral wrote:
To die for Emperor and Nation is the highest hope of a military man. After a brave hard fight the blossoms are scattered on the fighting field. But if a person wants to take a life instead, still the fighting man will go to eternity for Emperor and country. One man's life or death is a matter of no importance. All that matters is the Empire. As Confucius said, "They may crush cinnabar, yet they do not take away its color; one may burn a fragrant herb, yet it will not destroy the scent." They may destroy my body, yet they will not take away my will.
The Japanese army, annoyed at Yamamoto's unflinching opposition to a Rome-Berlin-Tokyo treaty, dispatched military police to "guard" Yamamoto; this was an attempt by the Army to keep an eye on him. He was later reassigned from the Navy Ministry to sea as the Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet on (30 August 1939). This was done as one of the last acts of the then-acting Navy Minister Mitsumasa Yonai, under Baron Hiranuma's short-lived administration partly to make it harder for assassins to target Yamamoto; Yonai was certain that if Yamamoto remained ashore, he would be killed before the year (1939) ended.
Yamamoto was promoted to Naval General (Admiral) on 15 November 1940. This, in spite of the fact that when Hideki Tōjō was appointed Prime Minister on 18 October 1941, many political observers thought that Yamamoto's career was essentially over. Tōjō had been Yamamoto's old opponent from the time when the latter served as Japan's deputy navy minister and Tōjō was the prime mover behind Japan's takeover of Manchuria. It was believed that Yamamoto would be appointed to command the Yokosuka Naval Base, "a nice safe demotion with a big house and no power at all." After the new Japanese cabinet was announced, however, Yamamoto found himself left alone in his position despite his open conflicts with Tōjō and other members of the army's oligarchy who favored war with the European powers and America. Two of the main reasons for Yamamoto's political survival were his immense popularity within the fleet, where he commanded the respect of his men and officers, and his close relations with the imperial family. He also had the acceptance by Japan's naval hierarchy:
"[T]here was no officer more competent to lead the Combined Fleet to victory than Admiral Yamamoto. His daring plan for the Pearl Harbor attack had passed through the crucible of the Japanese naval establishment, and after many expressed misgivings, his fellow admirals had realized that Yamamoto spoke no more than the truth when he said that Japan's hope for victory in this [upcoming] war was limited by time and oil. Every sensible officer of the navy was well aware of the perennial oil problems. Also, it had to be recognized that if the enemy could seriously disturb Japanese merchant shipping, then the fleet would be endangered even more."
Consequently, Yamamoto stayed in his post. With Tōjō now in charge of Japan's highest political office, it became clear the army would lead the navy into a war about which Yamamoto had serious reservations. He wrote to an ultranationalist:
Should hostilities once break out between Japan and the United States, it would not be enough that we take Guam and the Philippines, nor even Hawaii and San Francisco. To make victory certain, we would have to march into Washington and dictate the terms of peace in the White House. I wonder if our politicians (who speak so lightly of a Japanese-American war) have confidence as to the final outcome and are prepared to make the necessary sacrifices.
This quote was spread by the militarists, minus the last sentence, where it was interpreted in America as a boast that Japan would conquer the entire continental United States. The omitted sentence showed Yamamoto's counsel of caution towards a war that could cost Japan dearly. Nevertheless, Yamamoto accepted the reality of impending war and planned for a quick victory by destroying the US fleet at Pearl Harbor in a preventive strike while simultaneously thrusting into the oil and rubber resource rich areas of Southeast Asia, especially the Dutch East Indies, Borneo and Malaya. In naval matters, Yamamoto opposed the building of the super-battleships Yamato and Musashi as an unwise investment of resources.
Yamamoto was responsible for a number of innovations in Japanese naval aviation. Although remembered for his association with aircraft carriers due to Pearl Harbor and Midway, Yamamoto did more to influence the development of land-based naval aviation, particularly the Mitsubishi G3M and G4M medium bombers. His demand for great range and the ability to carry a torpedo was intended to conform to Japanese conceptions of attriting the American fleet as it advanced across the Pacific in war. The planes did achieve long range, but long-range fighter escorts were not available. These planes were lightly constructed and when fully fueled, they were especially vulnerable to enemy fire. This earned the G4M the sardonic nickname "the Flying Cigarette Lighter." Yamamoto would eventually die in one of these aircraft.
The range of the G3M and G4M contributed to a demand for great range in a fighter aircraft. This partly drove the requirements for the A6M Zero which was as noteworthy for its range as for its maneuverability. Both qualities were again purchased at the expense of light construction and flammability that later contributed to the A6M's high casualty rates as the war progressed.
As Japan moved toward war during 1940, Yamamoto gradually moved toward strategic as well as tactical innovation, again with mixed results. Prompted by talented young officers such as Lieutenant Commander Minoru Genda, Yamamoto approved the reorganization of Japanese carrier forces into the First Air Fleet, a consolidated striking force that gathered Japan's six largest carriers into one unit. This innovation gave great striking capacity, but also concentrated the vulnerable carriers into a compact target; both boon and bane would be realized in war. Yamamoto also oversaw the organization of a similar large land-based organization in the 11th Air Fleet, which would later use the G3M and G4M to neutralize American air forces in the Philippines and sink the British Force "Z".
In January 1941, Yamamoto went even further and proposed a radical revision of Japanese naval strategy. For two decades, in keeping with the doctrine of Captain Alfred T. Mahan, the Naval General Staff had planned in terms of Japanese light surface forces, submarines and land-based air units whittling down the American Fleet as it advanced across the Pacific until the Japanese Navy engaged it in a climactic "Decisive Battle" in the northern Philippine Sea (between the Ryukyu Islands and the Marianas Islands), with battleships meeting in the traditional exchange between battle lines.
Correctly pointing out this plan had never worked even in Japanese war games, and painfully aware of American strategic advantages in military productive capacity, Yamamoto proposed instead to seek a decision with the Americans by first reducing their forces with a preventive strike, and following it with a "Decisive Battle" fought offensively, rather than defensively. Yamamoto hoped, but probably did not believe, if the Americans could be dealt such terrific blows early in the war, they might be willing to negotiate an end to the conflict. As it turned out, however, the note officially breaking diplomatic relations with the United States was delivered late, and he correctly perceived the Americans would be resolved upon revenge and unwilling to negotiate. At the end of the attack upon Pearl Harbor, upon hearing of the mis-timing of the communique breaking diplomatic relations with the United States earlier that day, it is reputed Yamamoto said, "I fear all we have done today is to awaken a great, sleeping giant."; however, there is no documented evidence the statement was made.
The Naval General Staff proved reluctant to go along and Yamamoto was eventually driven to capitalize on his popularity in the fleet by threatening to resign to get his way. Admiral Osami Nagano and the Naval General Staff eventually caved in to this pressure, but only insofar as approving the attack on Pearl Harbor.
The First Air Fleet commenced preparations for the Pearl Harbor Raid, solving a number of technical problems along the way, including how to launch torpedoes in the shallow water of Pearl Harbor and how to craft armor-piercing bombs by machining down battleship gun projectiles.
Attack on Pearl Harbor
As Yamamoto had planned, the First Air Fleet of six carriers commenced hostilities against the Americans on 7 December 1941, launching 353 aircraft against Pearl Harbor in two waves. The attack was a complete success according to the parameters of the mission which sought to sink at least four American battleships and prevent the U.S. Fleet from interfering in Japan's southward advance for at least six months. American aircraft carriers were also considered a choice target, but these were not in port at the time of the attack.
In the end, five American battleships were sunk, three were damaged, and eleven other cruisers, destroyers and auxiliaries were sunk or seriously damaged. The Japanese lost only 29 aircraft, while 74 were damaged from anti-aircraft fire from the ground. The damaged aircraft were disproportionately dive and torpedo bombers, seriously impacting available firepower to exploit the first two waves' success, so the commander of the First Air Fleet, Naval Lieutenant-General Chuichi Nagumo, withdrew. Yamamoto later lamented Nagumo's failure to seize the initiative to seek out and destroy the American carriers, absent from the harbor, or further bombard various strategically important facilities on Oahu. Nagumo had absolutely no idea where the American carriers might be, and remaining on station while his forces cast about looking for them ran the risk of his own forces being found first and attacked while his aircraft were absent searching. In any case, insufficient daylight remained after recovering the aircraft from the first two waves for the carriers to launch and recover a third before dark, and Nagumo's escorting destroyers lacked the fuel capacity for him to loiter long. Much has been made of Yamamoto's hindsight, but (in keeping with Japanese military tradition not to criticize the commander on the spot), he did not punish Nagumo in any way for his withdrawal.
On the strategic level, the attack was a disaster for Japan, rousing American passions for revenge due to it being a "sneak attack". The shock of the attack coming in an unexpected place, with such devastating results and without the expected "fair play" of a declaration of war galvanized the American public's determination to avenge the attack. When asked by Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe in mid-1941 concerning the outcome of a possible war with the United States, Yamamoto made a well-known and prophetic statement: If ordered to fight, "I shall run wild considerably for the first six months or a year, but I have utterly no confidence for the second and third years." His prediction would be vindicated as Japan easily conquered territories and islands for the first six months of the war until it suffered a shattering defeat at the Battle of Midway on 4–7 June 1942, which ultimately tilted the balance of power in the Pacific towards the U.S.
As a strategic blow intended to prevent American interference in the Dutch East Indies for six months, the Pearl Harbor attack was a success, but unbeknownst to Yamamoto, it was a pointless one. The U.S. Navy had abandoned any intention of attempting to charge across the Pacific towards the Philippines at the outset of war in 1935 (in keeping with the evolution of War Plan Orange). In 1937, the U.S. Navy had further determined even fully manning the fleet to wartime levels could not be accomplished in less than six months, and myriad other logistic assets needed to execute a trans-Pacific movement simply did not exist and would require two years to construct after the onset of war. In 1940, U.S. Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Harold Stark had penned "Plan Dog", which emphasized a defensive war in the Pacific while the U.S. concentrated on defeating Nazi Germany first, and consigned Admiral Husband Kimmel's Pacific Fleet to merely keeping the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) out of the eastern Pacific and away from the shipping lanes to Australia. Moreover, it is in question whether the U.S. would have gone to war at all had Japan only attacked British and Dutch possessions in the Far East.
December 1941 to May 1942
With the American Fleet largely neutralized at Pearl Harbor, Yamamoto's Combined Fleet turned to the task of executing the larger Japanese war plan devised by the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy General Staff. The First Air Fleet proceeded to make a circuit of the Pacific, striking American, Australian, Dutch and British installations from Wake Island to Australia to Ceylon in the Indian Ocean. The 11th Air Fleet caught the American 5th Air Force on the ground in the Philippines hours after Pearl Harbor, and then proceeded to sink the British Force "Z" (battleship HMS Prince of Wales and battlecruiser HMS Repulse) underway at sea.
Under Yamamoto's able subordinates, Naval Lieutenant-Generals Jisaburō Ozawa, Nobutake Kondō and Ibō Takahashi, the Japanese swept the inadequate remaining American, British, Dutch and Australian naval assets from the Dutch East Indies in a series of amphibious landings and surface naval battles that culminated in the Battle of the Java Sea on 27 February 1942. With the occupation of the Dutch East Indies, and the reduction of the remaining American positions in the Philippines on the Bataan Peninsula and Corregidor island, the Japanese had secured their oil- and rubber-rich "Southern Resources Area".
By late March, having achieved their initial aims with surprising speed and little loss (albeit against enemies ill-prepared to resist them), the Japanese paused to consider their next moves. Yamamoto and a few Japanese military leaders and officials waited, hoping that the United States or Great Britain would negotiate for an armistice or a peace treaty to end the war in their favour. But when the British, as well as the Americans, expressed no interest in negotiating with Japan for any cease fire, the Japanese thoughts turned to securing and protecting their newly seized territory, and acquiring more with an eye toward additional conquest and/or attempting to force one or more of their enemies out of the war.
Competing plans were developed at this stage, including thrusts to the west against India, the south against Australia and the east against the United States. Yamamoto was involved in this debate, supporting different plans at different times with varying degrees of enthusiasm and for varying purposes, including "horse-trading" for support of his own objectives.
Plans included ideas as ambitious as invading India or Australia, or seizing Hawaii. These grandiose ventures were inevitably set aside as the army could not spare enough troops from China for the first two (which would require a minimum of 250,000 men), nor shipping to support the latter two. (Shipping was allocated separately to IJN & IJA, and jealously guarded.) Instead, the Imperial General Staff supported an army thrust into Burma in hopes of linking up with Indian Nationalists revolting against British rule, and attacks in New Guinea and the Solomon Islands designed to imperil Australia's sea line of communication with the United States. Yamamoto agitated for an offensive decisive battle in the east to finish off the American fleet, but the more conservative Naval General Staff officers were unwilling to risk it.
On 18 April, in the midst of these debates, the Doolittle Raid struck Tokyo and the surrounding areas, galvanizing the threat posed by the American aircraft carriers in the minds of staff officers, and giving Yamamoto an event he could exploit to get his way as further debate over military strategy came to a quick end. The Naval General Staff agreed to Yamamoto's Midway (MI) Operation, subsequent to the first phase of the operations against Australia's link with America, and concurrent with their own plan to seize positions in the Aleutian Islands.
Yamamoto rushed planning for the Midway and Aleutians missions, while dispatching a force under Naval Major-General Takeo Takagi, including the Fifth Carrier Division (the large, new carriers Shōkaku and Zuikaku), to support the effort to seize the islands of Tulagi and Guadalcanal for seaplane and aeroplane bases, and the town of Port Moresby on Papua New Guinea's south coast facing Australia.
The Port Moresby (MO) Operation proved an unwelcome setback. Although Tulagi and Guadalcanal were taken, the Port Moresby invasion fleet was compelled to turn back when Takagi clashed with an American carrier task force in the Battle of the Coral Sea in early May. Although the Japanese sank the American carrier USS Lexington and damaged the USS Yorktown (CV-5), the Americans damaged the carrier Shōkaku so badly that she required dockyard repairs, and the Japanese lost the light carrier Shoho. Just as importantly, Japanese operational mishaps and American fighters and anti-aircraft fire devastated the dive bomber and torpedo plane formations of both Shōkaku's and Zuikaku's air groups. These losses sidelined Zuikaku while she awaited replacement aircraft and aircrews, and saw to tactical integration and training. These two ships would be sorely missed a month later at Midway.
Battle of Midway, June 1942
Yamamoto's plan for Midway Island was an extension of his efforts to knock the U.S. Pacific Fleet out of action long enough for Japan to fortify her defensive perimeter in the Pacific island chains. Yamamoto felt it necessary to seek an early, offensive decisive battle.
This plan was long believed to have been to draw American attention—and possibly carrier forces—north from Pearl Harbor by sending his Fifth Fleet (two light carriers, five cruisers, 13 destroyers, and four transports) against the Aleutians, raiding Dutch Harbor on Unalaska Island and invading the more distant islands of Kiska and Attu. Recent scholarship using Japanese language documents has revealed it was, rather, an unrelated venture of the Naval General Staff which Yamamoto agreed to conduct concurrently with the Midway operation, in exchange for the latter's approval.
While Fifth Fleet attacked the Aleutians, First Mobile Force (4 carriers, 2 battleships, 3 cruisers, and 12 destroyers) would raid Midway and destroy its air force. Once this was neutralized, Second Fleet (1 light carrier, 2 battleships, 10 cruisers, 21 destroyers, and 11 transports) would land 5,000 troops to seize the atoll from the American Marines.
The seizure of Midway was expected to draw the American carriers west into a trap where the First Mobile Force would engage and destroy them. Afterward, First Fleet (1 light carrier, 7 battleships, 3 cruisers and 13 destroyers), in conjunction with elements of Second Fleet, would mop up remaining American surface forces and complete the destruction of the Pacific Fleet.
To guard against mischance, Yamamoto initiated two security measures. The first was an aerial reconnaissance mission (Operation K) over Pearl Harbor to ascertain if the American carriers were there. The second was a picket line of submarines to detect the movement of the American carriers toward Midway in time for First Mobile Force, First Fleet, and Second Fleet to combine against it. In the event, the first was aborted and the second delayed until after American carriers had sortied.
The plan was a compromise and hastily prepared (apparently so it could be launched in time for the anniversary of Tsushima), but appeared well thought out, well organized, and finely timed when viewed from a Japanese viewpoint. Against four carriers, two light carriers, 11 battleships, 16 cruisers and 46 destroyers likely to be in the area of the main battle the Americans could field only three carriers, eight cruisers, and 15 destroyers. The disparity appeared crushing. Only in numbers of carrier decks, available aircraft, and submarines was there near parity between the two sides. Despite various frictions developed in the execution, it appeared — barring something extraordinary — Yamamoto held all the cards.
Unfortunately for Yamamoto, something extraordinary had happened. The worst fear of any commander is for an enemy to learn his battle plan in advance, which was exactly what American cryptographers had done, thanks to breaking the Japanese naval code D (known to the U.S. as JN-25). As a result, Admiral Chester Nimitz, the Pacific Fleet commander, was able to circumvent both of Yamamoto's security measures and position his outnumbered forces in the exact position to conduct a devastating ambush. By Nimitz's calculation, his three available carrier decks, plus Midway, gave him rough parity with Nagumo's First Mobile Force.
Following a nuisance raid by Japanese flying boats in May, Nimitz dispatched a minesweeper to guard the intended refueling point for Operation K near French Frigate Shoals, causing the reconnaissance mission to be aborted and leaving Yamamoto ignorant of whether Pacific Fleet carriers were still at Pearl Harbor. (It remains unclear why Yamamoto permitted the earlier attack, and why his submarines did not sortie sooner, as reconnaissance was essential to the success of MI.) He also dispatched his carriers toward Midway early, and they passed the intended picket line force of submarines en route to their station, negating Yamamoto's back-up security measure. Nimitz's carriers positioned themselves to ambush the Kido Butai (Striking Force) when it struck Midway. A token cruiser and destroyer force was sent toward the Aleutians, but otherwise Nimitz ignored them. On 4 June 1942, days before Yamamoto expected them to interfere in the Midway operation, American carrier-based aircraft destroyed the four carriers of the Kido Butai, catching the Japanese carriers at an especially vulnerable moment.
With his air power destroyed and his forces not yet concentrated for a fleet battle, Yamamoto attempted to maneuver his remaining forces, still strong on paper, to trap the American forces. He was unable to do so because his initial dispositions had placed his surface combatants too far from Midway, and because Admiral Raymond Spruance prudently withdrew to the east in a position to further defend Midway Island, believing (based on a mistaken submarine report) the Japanese still intended to invade. Not knowing several battleships, including the powerful Yamato, were on the Japanese order of battle, he did not comprehend the severe risk of a night surface battle, in which his carriers and cruisers would be at a disadvantage. However, his move to the east did avoid the possibility of such a battle taking place. Correctly perceiving he had lost and could not bring surface forces into action, Yamamoto aborted the invasion of Midway and withdrew. The defeat marked the high tide of Japanese expansion.
Yamamoto's plan for MI has been the subject of much criticism. Many commentators state it violated the principle of concentration of force, and was overly complex. Others point out similarly complex Allied operations (such as Operation MB8) that were successful, and note the extent to which the American intelligence coup derailed the operation before it began. Had Yamamoto's dispositions not denied Nagumo adequate pre-attack reconnaissance assets, both the American cryptanalytic success and the unexpected appearance of Fletcher's carriers would have been irrelevant.
Actions after Midway
The Battle of Midway solidly checked Japanese momentum, but the IJN was still a powerful force and capable of regaining the initiative. They planned to resume the thrust with Operation FS aimed at eventually taking Samoa and Fiji to cut the American life-line to Australia. This was expected to short-circuit the threat posed by General Douglas MacArthur and his American and Australian forces in New Guinea. To this end, development of the airfield on Guadalcanal continued and attracted the baleful eye of Yamamoto's opposite number, Admiral Ernest King.
To prevent the Japanese from regaining the initiative, King ramrodded the idea of an immediate American counterattack through the Joint Chiefs of Staff. This precipitated the American invasion of Guadalcanal and beat the Japanese to the punch, with Marines landing on the island in August 1942 and starting a bitter struggle that lasted until February 1943 and commenced a battle of attrition Japan could ill afford.
Yamamoto remained in command as Commander-in-Chief, retained at least partly to avoid diminishing the morale of the Combined Fleet. However, he had lost face in the Midway defeat and the Naval General Staff were disinclined to indulge further gambles. This reduced Yamamoto to pursuing the classic defensive Decisive Battle strategy he had attempted to overturn.
The naval and land battles at Guadalcanal caught the Japanese over-extended and attempting to support fighting in New Guinea while guarding the Central Pacific and preparing to conduct Operation FS. The FS operation was abandoned and the Japanese attempted to fight in both New Guinea and Guadalcanal at the same time. Already stretched thin, they suffered repeated setbacks due to a lack of shipping, a lack of troops, and a disastrous inability to coordinate Army and Navy activities.
Yamamoto committed Combined Fleet units to a series of small attrition actions across the south and central Pacific that stung the Americans, but suffered losses he could ill afford in return. Three major efforts to carry the island precipitated a pair of carrier battles that Yamamoto commanded personally at the Eastern Solomons and Santa Cruz Islands in September and October, and finally a wild pair of surface engagements in November, all timed to coincide with Japanese Army pushes. The timing of each major battle was successively derailed when the army could not hold up its end of the operation. Yamamoto's naval forces won a few victories and inflicted considerable losses and damage to the U.S. Fleet in several naval battles around Guadalcanal which included the battles of Savo Island, Cape Esperance, and Tassafaronga, but he could never draw the Americans into a decisive fleet action. As a result, the Japanese Navy's strength began to bleed off.
There were severe losses of carrier dive-bomber and torpedo-bomber crews in the carrier battles, emasculating the already depleted carrier air groups. Japan could not hope to match the United States in quantities of well-trained replacement pilots, and the quality of both Japanese land-based and naval aviation began declining. Particularly harmful, however, were losses of numerous destroyers in the unsuccessful Tokyo Express supply runs. The IJN already faced a shortage of such ships, and these losses further exacerbated Japan's already weakened commerce defense. With Guadalcanal lost in February 1943, there was no further attempt to seek a major battle in the Solomon Islands although smaller attrition battles continued. Yamamoto shifted the load of the air battle away from the depleted carriers and to the land-based naval air forces.
To boost morale following the defeat at Guadalcanal, Yamamoto decided to make an inspection tour throughout the South Pacific. On 14 April 1943, the US naval intelligence effort, code-named "Magic", intercepted and decrypted a message containing specific details regarding Yamamoto's tour, including arrival and departure times and locations, as well as the number and types of planes that would transport and accompany him on the journey. Yamamoto, the itinerary revealed, would be flying from Rabaul to Balalae Airfield, on an island near Bougainville in the Solomon Islands, on the morning of 18 April 1943.
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox to "Get Yamamoto." Knox instructed Admiral Chester W. Nimitz of Roosevelt's wishes. Admiral Nimitz consulted Admiral William F. Halsey, Jr., Commander, South Pacific, then authorized a mission on 17 April to intercept Yamamoto's flight en route and shoot it down. A squadron of Lockheed P-38 Lightning aircraft were assigned the task as only they possessed the range to intercept and engage. Select pilots from three units were informed that they were intercepting an "important high officer" with no specific name given.
On the morning of 18 April, despite urgings by local commanders to cancel the trip for fear of ambush, Yamamoto's two Mitsubishi G4M fast transport aircraft left Rabaul as scheduled for the 315 mi (507 km) trip. Sixteen Lightnings intercepted the flight over Bougainville and a dogfight ensued between them and the six escorting Mitsubishi A6M Zeroes. First Lieutenant Rex T. Barber engaged the first of the two Japanese transports which turned out to be Yamamoto's plane. He targeted the aircraft with gunfire until it began to spew smoke from its left engine. Barber turned away to attack the other transport as Yamamoto's plane crashed into the jungle.
The crash site and body of Yamamoto were found the next day in the jungle north of Buin by a Japanese search and rescue party, led by army engineer, Lieutenant Hamasuna. According to Hamasuna, Yamamoto had been thrown clear of the plane's wreckage, his white-gloved hand grasping the hilt of his katana, still upright in his seat under a tree. Hamasuna said Yamamoto was instantly recognizable, head dipped down as if deep in thought. A post-mortem of the body disclosed that Yamamoto had received two 50-caliber bullet wounds, one to the back of his left shoulder and another to his left lower jaw that exited above his right eye. The Japanese navy doctor examining the body determined that the head wound killed Yamamoto. The more violent details of Yamamoto's death were hidden from the Japanese public; the medical report was whitewashed, changed "on orders from above", according to biographer Hiroyuki Agawa.
His staff cremated his remains at Buin, and the ashes were returned to Tokyo aboard the battleship Musashi, Yamamoto's last flagship. Yamamoto was given a full state funeral on 5 June 1943, where he received, posthumously, the title of Marshal and was awarded the Order of the Chrysanthemum, (1st Class). He was also awarded Nazi Germany's Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords. Part of his ashes were buried in the public Tama Cemetery, Tokyo (多摩霊園), and the remainder at his ancestral burial grounds at the temple of Chuko-ji in Nagaoka City. He was succeeded as commander-in-chief of the Combined Fleet by Admiral Mineichi Koga.
While other military leaders avoided the image of being "soft", Yamamoto continued to practice calligraphy. He and his wife, Reiko, had four children: two sons and two daughters. Yamamoto was an avid gambler, enjoying shogi, billiards, bridge, mah jong, poker, and other games that tested his wits and sharpened his mind. He frequently made jokes about moving to Monaco and starting his own casino. He enjoyed the company of geisha, and his wife Reiko revealed to the Japanese public in 1954 that Yamamoto was closer to his favorite geisha Kawai Chiyoko than to her, which stirred some controversy. After his death, his funeral procession passed by Kawai's quarters on the way to the cemetery, perhaps with a hidden purpose.
Yamamoto as a commander
Yamamoto is generally regarded as one of the most prominent leaders in the IJN for making significant changes to its organization, although he was also responsible for several critical defeats. Yamamoto is considered to be an imaginative and brave leader for formulating a plan to launch a preventive attack on US forces in the Pacific Fleet. Allied Naval leaders such as Nimitz and Halsey respected his abilities and considered him a highly capable and resourceful adversary. He is known as one of the very few military leaders who vocally opposed the occupation of China, the Tripartite Pact, and the war with the U.S., though in doing so he received death threats from nationalists.
Having studied at Harvard University, he was reluctant to enter into war with the United States. He was aware of their overwhelming industrial capacity compared to that of Japan, and felt that only a knockout blow would remove the US threat to Japan. He also did not trust Nazi Germany; somewhat ironically, he became the only non-German to be given the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, which was awarded posthumously. He correctly anticipated that the aircraft carrier would play a role in any decisive battle with the United States. Furthermore, he supported increasing the striking power of the air fleets by combining all six of Japan's large aircraft carriers into one carrier battle group. Additionally, he often assigned capable individuals such as Minoru Genda to form his battle plans.
His forces suffered severely in certain areas, with Allied submarines dealing major blows to the Imperial Japanese Navy shipping and causing the war economy of Japan to be starved of resources, although the full weight of the blow began to be truly felt only in 1943, when American codebreakers cracked the merchant marine code again, and 1944, after technical deficiencies in the Mark 14 torpedo were finally resolved. The Imperial Japanese Navy's codes were decrypted by the United States; this proved to be a fatal development, as it resulted in the biggest direct blow to the Imperial Japanese Navy at the Battle of Midway. The battle proved to be Yamamoto's most prominent defeat, with the Japanese navy losing four of its six fleet carriers and 248 aircraft, with over 3000 men dead; losses which Japan could never replace.
|The Breast Star of the Order of the Chrysanthemum|
|Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun Paulownia Blossoms|
|Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure|
|Order of the Golden Kite (1st class)|
|Order of the Golden Kite (2nd class)|
|Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords|
Yamamoto's career promotions
- Midshipman—14 November 1904
- Ensign—31 August 1905
- Sublieutenant—28 September 1907
- Lieutenant—11 October 1909
- Lieutenant Commander—13 December 1915
- Commander—1 December 1919
- Captain—1 December 1923
- Rear Admiral—30 November 1929
- Vice Admiral—15 November 1934
- Admiral—15 November 1940
- Marshal-Admiral—18 April 1943 (posthumous)
Since the end of the Second World War, a number of Japanese and American films have depicted the character of Isoroku Yamamoto.
One of the most notable films is the 1970 movie Tora! Tora! Tora!, which stars Japanese actor Sô Yamamura as Yamamoto, who states after the attack on Pearl Harbor:
I fear that all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible resolve.—attributed to Yamamoto in Tora! Tora! Tora! (1970), in reference to the attack on Pearl Harbor.
There is no evidence that Yamamoto said this in reality despite the film calling it a quote. (See Isoroku Yamamoto's sleeping giant quote for further discussion.)
The first film to feature Yamamoto was Toho's 1953 film Taiheiyô no washi, (later released in the United States as Eagle of the Pacific), in which Yamamoto was portrayed by Denjirô Ôkôchi.
The 1960 film The Gallant Hours depicts the battle of wits between Vice-Admiral William Halsey, Jr. and Yamamoto from the start of the Guadalcanal Campaign in August 1942 to Yamamoto's death in April 1943.
Award-winning Japanese actor Toshiro Mifune (star of The Seven Samurai) portrayed Yamamoto in three films:
- Rengo kantai shirei chôkan: Yamamoto Isoroku (1968) (later released in Canada and United States as Admiral Yamamoto),
- Gekido no showashi 'Gunbatsu' (1970) (lit. "Turning Point of Showa History: The Militarists"), and
- Midway (1976) (where all of the Japanese scenes had English dialogue).
In Shūe Matsubayashi's 1981 film Rengō kantai (lit. "Combined Fleet", later released in the United States as The Imperial Navy), Yamamoto was portrayed by Keiju Kobayashi.
In the 2001 film Pearl Harbor, a Jerry Bruckheimer-produced epic, Yamamoto was portrayed by Oscar-nominated Japanese-born American actor Mako Iwamatsu. Like Tora! Tora! Tora!, this film also features the sleeping giant quote.
The most recent film to feature Yamamoto is Toei's 2011 war film Rengô kantai shirei chôkan: Yamamoto Isoroku (聯合艦隊司令長官 山本五十六), in which Yamamoto was portrayed by Kōji Yakusho.
In the 1993 OVA series Konpeki no Kantai (lit. Deep Blue Fleet), the original timeline proceeds until Yamamoto's death in April 1943. However, instead of dying in the crash, Yamamoto blacks out and suddenly wakes up as his younger self, Isoroku Takano, after the Battle of Tsushima in 1905. His memory from the original timeline intact, Yamamoto uses his knowledge of the future to help Japan become a stronger military power, and eventually launching a coup d'état against Hideki Tōjō's government. In the subsequent Pacific war, Japan's technologically advanced navy decisively defeats the United States, and grants all of the former European and American colonies in Asia full independence. Later on, Yamamoto convinces Japan to join forces with the United States and Britain to defeat Nazi Germany.
In the 2004 anime series Zipang, Yamamoto (who is voiced by Bunmei Tobayama) works to develop the uneasy partnership with the crew of the JMSDF Mirai, which has been transported back sixty years through time to the year 1942.
In Douglas Niles' 2007 book MacArthur's War: A Novel of the Invasion of Japan (written with Michael Dobson), which focuses on General Douglas MacArthur and an alternate history of the Pacific War (following a considerably different outcome of the Battle of Midway), Yamamoto is portrayed sympathetically, with much of the action in the Japanese government seen through his eyes, though he could not change the major decisions of Japan in World War II.
- Yamamoto Isoroku. navalhistory.flixco.info
- Yamamoto Isoroku. navalhistory.flixco.info
- Making of Japanese Manchuria, Matsusaka
- "1920–1929". Chronology of Courses and Significant Events. U.S. Naval War College. http://www.usnwc.edu/About/History/Chronology-of-Courses-and-Significant-Events/1920s.aspx. Retrieved 29 May 2010.
- Edwin P. Hoyt. Yamamoto: The man who planned Pearl Harbor (McGraw-Hill 1990). p.101
- Hoyt, Yamamoto, pp. 101—02
- Hoyt, Yamamoto, pp.102–103
- Hoyt, Yamamoto, p.103
- Hoyt, Yamamoto, p.114
- Hoyt, Yamamoto, p.115
- Hoyt, Yamamoto, pp.115–116
- Prange, At Dawn We Slept, p. 11
- Mahan, The Influence of Seapower on History
- Safire, William (2008). Safire's Political Dictionary. Oxford University Press. p. 666. ISBN 978-0-19-534334-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=c4UoX6-Sv1AC&pg=PA666.
- Parillo 2006, p. 288
- Peattie & Evans, Kaigun; Coox, Kobun.
- Harry A. Gailey, The War in the Pacific: From Pearl Harbor to Tokyo Bay, Presidio Press: 1995. p.68
- Willmott, Barrier and the Javelin.
- Parillo, Japanese Merchant Marine in World War II
- Dull (1978), Evans & Peattie (1997), Lundstrom (1984), Parillo
- John Parshall & Anthony Tully in "Shattered Sword" (2006)
- Bicheno, Hugh. Midway.
- Holmes, Wilfred J. "Jasper". Double-Edged Secrets and Undersea Victory
- Willmott, H.P. Barrier and the Javelin. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute Pres, 1983.
- Blair, Clay, Jr. Silent Victory. (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1975).
- Gamble, Bruce (2010). Fortress Rabaul: The Battle for the Southwest Pacific, January 1942 – April 1943. Zenith Imprint. p. 343. ISBN 978-0-7603-2350-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=Pj3t74K8hq4C&pg=PA343.
- Agawa 2000, p. 364
- Glines, 1991, p. 110
- H-Net Review: Charles C. Kolb <email@example.com> on The Pearl Harbor Papers: Inside the Japanese Plans
- Davis, Lightning Strike.
- Taiheiyô no washi (1953). IMDB.com.
- Aa, kaigun (1970). IMDB.com.
- Gateway to Glory (1970). Turner Classic Movies.
- Admiral Yamamoto (1968) (Rengô kantai shirei chôkan: Yamamoto Isoroku (original title)). imdb.com
- Gekido no showashi 'Gunbatsu' (1970). IMDB.com
- Rengo kantai (1981). IMDB.com
- Isoroku Yamamoto, the Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet (2011). IMDB.com
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Isoroku Yamamoto.|
|Wikiquote has media related to: Isoroku Yamamoto|
- Agawa, Hiroyuki; Bester, John (trans.). The Reluctant Admiral. New York: Kodansha, 1979. ISBN 978-4-7700-2539-5. A definitive biography of Yamamoto in English. This book explains much of the political structure and events within Japan that lead to the war.
- Davis, Donald A. Lightning Strike: The Secret Mission to Kill Admiral Yamamoto and Avenge Pearl Harbor. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2005. ISBN 978-0-312-30906-0.
- Dull, Paul S. A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941–1945. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1978. ISBN 978-0-87021-097-6.
- Evans, David C. and Mark R. Peattie. Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy 1887–1941. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1997. ISBN 978-0-87021-192-8.
- Glines, Carroll V. Attack on Yamamoto (1st edition). New York: Crown, 1990. ISBN 978-0-517-57728-8. Glines documents both the mission to shoot down Yamamoto and the subsequent controversies with thorough research, including personal interviews with all surviving participants and researchers who examined the crash site.
- Hoyt, Edwin P. Yamamoto: The Man Who Planned Pearl Harbor. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1990. ISBN 978-1-58574-428-2.
- Lundstrom, John B. The First Team: Pacific Naval Air Combat from Pearl Harbor to Midway. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1984. ISBN 978-0-87021-189-8.
- Miller, Edward S. War Plan Orange: The U.S. Strategy to Defeat Japan, 1897–1945. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1991. ISBN 978-0-87021-759-3.
- Peattie, Mark R. Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909–1941. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2002. ISBN 978-1-55750-432-6.
- Prados, John. Combined Fleet Decoded: The Secret History of American Intelligence and the Japanese Navy in World War II. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2001. ISBN 978-1-55750-431-9.
- Prange, Gordon. At Dawn We Slept. New York: Penguin Books, 1982. ISBN 978-0-14-006455-1.
- Ugaki, Matome; Chihaya, Masataka (trans.). Fading Victory: The Diary of Admiral Matome Ugaki, 1941–45. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1991. ISBN 978-0-8229-5462-0. Provides a high-level view of the war from the Japanese side, from the diaries of Yamamoto's Chief of Staff, Admiral Matome Ugaki. Provides evidence of the intentions of the imperial military establishment to seize Hawaii and to operate against Britain's Royal Navy in the Indian Ocean. Translated by Masataka Chihaya, this edition contains extensive clarifying notes from the U.S. editors derived from U.S. military histories.
- Parillo, Mark (2006). "The United States in the Pacific". In Higham, Robin; Harris, Stephen. Why Air Forces Fail: the Anatomy of Defeat. The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-2374-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=T0gt_RjeCrgC&pg=PA287.
- Yamamoto biography From Spartacus Educational
- World War II Database: Isoroku Yamamoto biography
- World War II Database: Death of Yamamoto
- "Isoroku Yamamoto" Encyclopædia Britannica
- Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, Japanese Navy US Naval Historical Center
- Pacific Wrecks. Place where Yamamoto Type 1 bomber crash
- The Great Pacific War
- The Assassination of Yamamoto in 1943 (Japanese)
- Isoroku Yamamoto gravesite
- CombinedFleet.com, Isoroku Yamamoto
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).| | <urn:uuid:9a115282-b60f-4818-ad44-afba1c6cac13> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Isoroku_Yamamoto | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.956468 | 10,987 | 2.859375 | 3 |
We live in the golden age of entertainment. You can watch Citizen Kane on your phone in a booth at a fastfood joint. You can watch master performances by master performers on your tablet while sitting in the passenger seat of Subaru outback. You can be immersed in more real than life surround sound and 4k video on a wall sized screen, sitting in the comfort of your living room wearing your favorite jam jams, ensconced in slanket, watching cat video after cat video after cat video. So why would you venture out into the bright harsh sunlight or worse, cold dark night to watch someone who you may have never heard of, do their little thing? Why should you go watch some stranger sing or play spoons or tell you a joke or put on a play? Because there is nothing like seeing it live. More specifically: feeling it live. When a room full of people at a comedy show share a belly laugh, you feel the laughter wash over you. When the singer hits that note in that melancholy song, the whole room feels that lump in our throats together, you can see it on their faces.
Live performance is the modern version of gathering around the campfire to hear fantastic stories of adventure, struggle and love. The audience is transformed we are no longer a room full of ‘strangers’ we are experiencing it together. Plus while you’re in it, all the other stuff falls away for a moment. Your bills, your kids various school based cupcake needs, the pros and cons of corn syrup and/or gluten. All that stuff goes on hold for a little bit and you can focus on something that at worst, will be pretty fun and at best, will change your life.
Finally when you are watching a live performance, you are watching someone putting themselves out there without a net. They are doing what you’re seeing live, for real, in front of your naked eyes. If a string breaks, they deal with it. If the someone in the crowd doesn’t know how to act in public, they deal with it. If they ballet dancer that is supposed catch them sneezes just as the other ballet dancer is about to land in his arms, they deal with it. It’s awesome. And you can look them right in the eye. They might address you in the show. They might ask you a question or make fun of your shirt or get in your face and sing share the mic while you sing the chorus together.
You should go see live a live performance because you don’t watch a live performance, you experience a live performance. | <urn:uuid:13bf129f-8914-4dec-926c-86b9487ffbc0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aberdeenareaartscouncil.com/why-you-should-attend-a-live-performance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.955559 | 535 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Six men remain in intensive care after being taken ill during a clinical drugs trial in north-west London.
The six are being treated at Northwick Park hospital
The healthy volunteers were testing an anti-inflammatory drug at a research unit based at Northwick Park Hospital when they suffered a reaction.
Relatives are with the patients, who suffered multiple organ failure. Two men are said to be critically ill.
An investigation has begun at the unit, run by Parexel, which said it followed recommended guidelines in its trial.
The men were being paid to take part in the early stages of a trial for the drug to treat conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and leukaemia until they were taken ill on Monday within hours of taking it.
Eight volunteers were involved, but two were given a placebo at the unit which is on Northwick Park Hospital's grounds but is run independently.
The hospital's intensive care director Ganesh Suntharalingam said the patients were admitted very quickly and were receiving "close monitoring and appropriate treatment".
A Northwick Park Hospital spokesman said two were in a critical condition, while the other four were "serious but stable".
Richard Ley, spokesman for the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry, said: "This is an absolutely exceptional occurrence. I cannot remember anything comparable."
The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) immediately withdrew authorisation for the trial. An international warning has also gone out to prevent it being tested abroad.
Its inspectors will visit the research unit and it is in contact with the local strategic health authority, the Department of Health and police about the cases.
Chief executive officer Professor Kent Woods said: "Our immediate priority has been to ensure that no further patients are harmed.
"We will now undertake an exhaustive investigation to determine the cause and ensure all appropriate actions are taken."
It had approved the trial and the drug had already been tested on animals and in a laboratory.
Volunteers are paid up to £150 a day to take part in clinical trials.
Healthy volunteers are used to test the safety of the drug in "phase one" of the trial before further tests with people who have the condition to determine whether the drugs work.
Parexel, which was running the trial, said it had followed guidelines and such cases were extremely rare.
Professor Herman Scholtz, from Parexel, said the clinical research organisation had followed regulatory, medical and clinical research guidelines during the study.
He said: "When the adverse drug reaction occurred, the Parexel clinical pharmacology medical team responded swiftly to stop the study procedures immediately."
He added: "Such an adverse drug reaction occurs extremely rarely and this is an unfortunate and unusual situation.
"Since our unit is located within the hospital, we have immediate access to world-class medical care and we did everything possible to get the patients treated as quickly as possible."
Have you taken part in a drug trial? How did you find the experience? Would you consider taking part in one? Have you conducted a drug trial? Send us your comments and experiences. | <urn:uuid:4c2c3d98-264d-4a18-bf40-9d97fb8c003f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/4807042.stm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.980714 | 651 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Fate Norris….A One Man Band
Singleton LaFayette Norris, or ”Fate” as folks knew him by, was an outstanding example of the generation of versatile and colorful musicians that made up the Golden Age of Old Time music. He was born in Dirt Town, Chattooga County, on August 23, 1878, and is best known for playing banjo in the early hillbilly string band The Skillet Lickers, although he was poorly recorded and can hardly be heard in any of their many recordings. The Skillet Lickers were considered the most famous string band of the 1920’s and one of the first stars of country comedy.
Fate was also known as the “one-man wonder” for his ability to play six individual instruments at once. The self-built contraption included two guitars, bells, bass fiddle, fiddle, and mouth harp. He claimed to have devoted fifteen years to mastery of his art as a one-man band, and toured extensively at fairs and medicine shows throughout the South. The first mention of Fate performing is in the July 4th, 1912 Fiddlers contest in Lawrenceville, Georgia where is is listed as from Norcross. Fiddler Bill Helms recalled seeing Norris at a fiddler’s convention in Chattanooga: “Fate Norris was there too, had a musical soapbox – made out of soap boxes with a pocket knife, and strings from mandolins, guitars, fiddles, autoharps. Had pedals and knee pads. Played two instruments with his feet; played a mouth harp. “
There are no recordings of Fate Norris’ one-man band, only these descriptions and a few photographs, one of which shows him sitting before his contraption, fiddle in hand, on a sidewalk in front of a hand-written sign reading: ‘A real string band played by one man will start at 12 pm’. The photographs provide a better view of Norris’ invention, its unusual arrangement of guitars, a large cogwheel, and the three pedals for his left foot and one for his right. He’s added kazoo to his fiddling and looks as if it is one minute past noon and he is about to launch into his first number. He hauled the contraption around in the back of a truck. It surely must have been difficult to play but he must have played it very well. The Summerville News tells us that his performance in 1941 for the ladies of the Summerville Music Appreciation Club was enthusiastically received.
In his early years, Fate was married to Elizabeth (Lizzie), with whom he had one daughter, Mable. They were married over three decades. In the 1900 Census he lists his occupation as farm laborer but later he lists it as musician. The first mention of Fate performing is in the July 4, 1912 FIddlers contest in Lawrenceville, Georgia where he is listed as Fate Norris of Norcross.
Fate also had a flare for comedy that included a ‘talking doll’ and often paired with fellow Georgia musician Gid Tanner in a street performing comic duo that had the folks of the Atlanta area tearing up with laughter, and begging for more.
In 1925, the two of them recorded together for Columbia, cutting ”Old Time Tunes” and ”Just Give Me The Leavings.” In 1926 they were paired up again in the studio, recording era standards such as Goodbye Booze, S-A-V-E-D, and Where Did You Get That Hat?
By this time Fate was also recording with the Skillet Lickers and remained a member until 1930. Between 1925 and 1930 Fate recorded with Gid Tanner, The Skillet Lickers, The Georgia Organ Grinders and twice under the name of Fate Norris and His Playboys. There are no recordings of Fate Norris’ one man band. If you Google Fate Norris and The Skillet Lickers on You Tube you can her several audio recordings .
Singleton LaFayette Norris died on stage Nov 11, 1944 at the age of 66 after playing for the March of Dimes benefit in Subligna, Ga. The late historian Agnew Myers wrote in the Spring 97 quarterly: Fate said, “I am not afraid ” and fell to the floor. Howard, Gene and John Nicholson were local Subligna boys who had just finished playing with Fate. They were still on the stage, standing nearby, when Fate hit the floor. The way the guitar hit the floor must had signaled something to Howard Nicholson. Amid the whooping and hollering– for the Chattoogans in the audience were familiar with the hilarity of Fate Norris’s skits –Howard was the first person to kneel down to help Fate. He looked up and called out, “Is there a doctor in the house?” Toward the back of the audience someone shouted, “Dr. Tarvin is here!” Joe Tarvin, a local farmer retorted,” I am just a cow doctor!” This precipitated another roar of raucous laughter. this was the last laugh of the night. The rhythm of the heart and the man were gone forever. The people began to sense that this was not part of the show. The festive atmosphere dissolved to quiet whispering, anxious waiting and silence. Dr. Petticort , the chiropractor who lived up the valley, was sent for, but it was too late. Fate Norris was dead.
At the time of his death, Fate Norris made his home in Trion with his adopted daughter, Mabel and her husband C.H. McCullough and their children. Their house stood under the the huge oaks in what is now the park in Trion. It was a company owned house with plenty of rooms and outbuildings where Fate kept his worldly possessions –mostly musical instruments and contraptions and allegedly, a moonshine still. The children were alarmed when the police came to the door because neither their mother nor father was there. Mabel was at the “picture show” about five blocks away with and a girl friend. C.H. was two blocks away at the bovine “maternity ward” in a barn of the Riegeldale Farms where he was the official” cow doctor.” One policeman stayed at the house while the other went to get Mabel and C.H. It seemed a long time before they all returned. One of the children remembered, “The house seemed to fill up with people and everyone was sad.” Later, Dr. W.U. Hyden, who lived across the railroad tracks only a few hundred feet from Fate’s house, was called upon to examine the body of his neighbor. Cardiac failure was listed as the official cause of death. On his death certificate his occupation was listed as musician and textile retired. The Funeral Home was listed as the Trion Store.
Fate was buried in the Summerville Cemetery next to his wife Lizzie. | <urn:uuid:28831cf4-407d-46e6-9beb-d4b76a6ae798> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chattoogahistory.org/fate-norris-a-one-man-band/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.98772 | 1,468 | 1.710938 | 2 |
The majority of consumers spend a great deal of time trying to save money. After all, who doesn’t want to save money? One of the many ways to do that involves using credit cards, so here are a few tips on how credit cards save you money.
One major way that credit cards save you money is via the power they give you over your purchases and the merchants, whether in-person or online, that you buy things from. This is called the “power of the chargeback”. When you pay by cash or check, you don’t have much power over an unscrupulous seller, or one who is reticent to give you a refund or a replacement when a product is defective, or you simply don’t receive it. When you pay by credit card, you can simply tell the merchant that you will have the price of the item charged back. You’d be surprised how cooperative they can become.
Another way that credit cards save you money is through those oh- so-enticing sign-up bonuses that some credit card issuers offer. To maximize that bonus, you can either have your spouse apply for the same credit card or apply for a business credit card from the same company. That way you can get double or triple the sign-up bonus. What have you got to lose? Nothing, as long as you don’t over-spend just because you have those additional cards.
If you take advantage of gift cards, credit cards save you money. Many credit card companies give cash back, miles or points, but many only reward their cardholders after spending a certain amount. Even some sign-up bonuses don’t kick in until after you spend. Buying gift cards for places that you would shop anyway to satisfy that minimum can help. You can even buy gift cards at a discount and save yourself still more money. There are a number of sites online that sell gift cards at 2% to 50% off the face value and sometimes more. You can also buy gift cards at your local grocery store if your credit card offers special bonuses or extra points for money spent on groceries.
Using any one or all of these strategies can be beneficial to your bottom line and show you just how much credit cards can save you money. Give them a try and then tally up the savings each month. You could be pleasantly surprised by the result.
*Editorial Note: Any opinions, analysis, reviews, or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the author’s alone, and have not been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by any card issuer. | <urn:uuid:d701502d-e376-4311-a1e9-ff32b42e3ae1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://apfcreditcards.com/credit-cards-save-you-money/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.96158 | 535 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Spend and Save Smart
Feeling schooled by your finances? PFCU is committed to supporting smart money-management with a variety of brainy banking solutions and resources. Here is a helpful study guide so you can learn to spend and save smart.
- Get back to basics: Paying with cash can help you spend less and save more. Pay a visit to one of our local Michigan locations or surcharge-free ATMs to access an appropriate allowance.
- Do your homework: When you need financial aid, like a loan or line of credit, be sure to shop around for the best rates to save on interest. Check out our current rates – we’re offering some of the best around.
- Don’t procrastinate: Think about retirement earlier rather than later so you don’t need to have a cram session right before you’re “ready” to retire. PFCU helps you prepare with Traditional and Roth IRA options.
- Spend smart: Create balance between cash in and cash out. PFCU helps you monitor your money with convenient banking solutions.
- Earn extra credit: Take advantage of opportunities to earn interest on your money. PFCU helps you make the most of your means with certificates, our Checking Plus account, special savings solutions and more.
- Take a recess: Mix in some fun with your fundamental expenses. Earn points toward redeemable rewards every time you get groceries, fuel up, pay utilities and more with a MasterCard Platinum from PFCU.
- Use a planner: Set a budget distributing your dollars wisely towards saving and spending – and stick to it! PFCU offers a variety of valuable banking solutions that can help you organize your finances.
- Pay your dues: Cut out credit and pay off any IOUs before taking on any additional debt. PFCU offers financial services and solutions to help you save and say goodbye to any outstanding balances.
- Work smarter, not harder: Effortlessly reduce expenses by taking advantage of coupons and price-cutting programs. PFCU helps members save with access to exclusive credit union discounts.
- Steer clear of cheaters: Keep your cash and credit secure from criminals to avoid hassles and headaches. PFCU can help you stay safe with EMV Chip Cards that provide an additional layer of security to debit and credit cards.
- Avoid all-nighters: Don’t save saving for the last minute. PFCU helps you prepare for short and long-term needs with a variety of savings solutions to help you reach your goals.
- Be a life-long learner: Make educated decisions about your finances throughout all life stages. PFCU offers all-the-time access to resources so you can learn how to manage your money, whether you’re fifteen or fifty.
Cue the Commencement
Now that you’ve been through our financial education crash course, start making smarter financial choices with PFCU!
Contact us at 844-517-3611, use our live chat support or stop by one of our local Michigan locations to learn more about our offerings and join PFCU! | <urn:uuid:1a860c49-17ac-4fa5-a931-da2490f8aed8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pfcu4me.com/Education/Learning-Opportunities | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.911236 | 655 | 1.625 | 2 |
Do Solar Activities Cause Local Earthquakes? (New Zealand)
Keywords:Astrophysics, solar activities, local earthquake, New Zealand
The relationships between solar activities (sunspots, solar 10.7cm radio flux, solar irradiance, and solar proton events) and local earthquakes investigated in this paper. The geographical location of study is New Zealand area. All earthquakes data have been chosen for , from first of 1970 to Jun 2012. The study reveals the following conclusions: 1) The total numbers of earthquakes strongly show annually an increasing in number of earthquakes in New Zealand from 42 years ago. 2) The maximum earthquakes occur frequently around the minimum years of solar activities, 3) The maximum earthquakes occurs in minimum years of sunspots number with a good correlation coefficient. 4) The maximum earthquakes occur in the minimum solar cm radio flux with strong correlation coefficient.
Dorman, L. I. (2004). Cosmic rays in the earth's atmosphere and underground (Vol. 303): Kluwer Academic Pub.
Gerontidou, M., Vassilaki, A., Mavromichalaki, H., & Kurt, V. (2002). Frequency distributions of solar proton events. Journal of atmospheric and solar-terrestrial physics, 64(5-6), 489-496.
Gousheva, M., Glavcheva, R., Danov, D., Angelov, P., Hristov, P., Kirov, B., & Georgieva, K. (2006). Satellite monitoring of anomalous effects in the ionosphere probably related to strong earthquakes. Advances in space research, 37(4), 660-665.
Ip, W. H. (1976). Chinese records on the correlation of heliocentric planetary alignments and earthquake activities. Icarus, 29(3), 435-436.
Nikouravan, B. (2012). Probing relation between solar activities and seismicity. [Research]. International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 7(24), 3082-3088. doi: 10.5897/IJPS12.310
Odintsov, S., Boyarchuk, K., Georgieva, K., Kirov, B., & Atanasov, D. (2006). Long-period trends in global seismic and geomagnetic activity and their relation to solar activity. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 31(1-3), 88-93.
Simpson, J. F. (1968). Solar activity as a triggering mechanism for earthquakes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 3, 417-425.
Sytinskiy. Sytinskiy, AD 47-52, 1963. Sytinskiy, AD Inform, byul. Sov. arktich. exp(28), 5-10.
Sytinskiy. (1961). Sytinskiy, AD 47-52, 1963. Sytinskiy, AD Inform, byul. Sov. arktich. exp(28), 5-10.
Zhang, G. Q. (1998). Relationship between global seismicity and solar activities. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 11(4), 495-500.
How to Cite
Copyright (c) 2020 International Journal of Fundamental Physical Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. | <urn:uuid:0f02206b-ca0b-46e8-bd75-46d9c49cb2fd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fundamentaljournals.org/index.php/ijfps/article/view/106 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.742074 | 752 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Prairie Robotics, a Saskatchewan-based CleanTech venture, has announced the closure of its $690,000 seed round. The round, led by Conexus Venture Capital Inc, also had participation from investors Max Schmeiser, Kerry Lumbard and Dan Cugnet.
The company was founded by Sam Dietrich and Stevan Mikha, who met studying engineering at the University of Regina. The co-founders would work together at DOT Technology Corp before entering a Government of Saskatchewan Innovation Challenge in 2019, to address waste reduction for the Ministry of the Environment.
Today, the Regina Internet of Things (IoT) company helps municipalities use Prairie Robotics proprietary IoT technology on recycling collection vehicles. The technology allows waste management services identify contaminants at the household level so that contamination can be removed before hitting the recycling stream. The technology is changing the recycling industry through a reduction in both cost and environmental impact.
“We’ve made tremendous strides over the past year in harnessing our proprietary computer vision technology to understand how we can identify contaminants as the recycling bin is being emptied, and help
cities educate households on the mistakes they’re making,” says Sam Dietrich, co-founder & CEO of Prairie Robotics. “Through our pilot projects with a handful of municipalities across Western Canada, we’re
learning that many of the mistakes people make in adding contaminants to their recycling are simply due to a lack of education. By using our targeted education platform we can significantly reduce the recycling
processing costs and the environmental impacts of contaminants.”
After winning the Innovation Challenge in 2019, Prairie Robotics accessed further funding from Innovation Saskatchewan‘s Saskatchewan Advantage Innovation Fund in 2020. The company also worked with both tech accelerators – Cultivator and Co.Labs to grow the startup. They have also been accepted into Montreal’s Next.AI program for AI startups.
“The initial results from Prairie Robotics have been extraordinary,” said Sean O’Connor, managing director, Conexus Venture Capital Inc. “As we look forward to the enablement of smart cities around the world, one of
the high impact initiatives we can collectively ensure is creating greener cities with less waste. We believe Sam and Stevan are well ahead of the curve in identifying this trend, and their prairie grit combined with
technical skills has allowed them to build some truly unique products in a short period of time.” | <urn:uuid:ced2d064-a734-4622-b088-acd482e5899f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://industrywestmagazine.com/money/seed-round-success-for-prairie-robotics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.941764 | 503 | 1.8125 | 2 |
- In early April 2020, Massachusetts General Hospital created a multidisciplinary team to provide bundled vascular and enteral access in critically ill COVID-19 patients
- At daytime, the team included four surgical residents and a dedicated attending (surgeon, anesthesiologist or interventional radiologist); overnight, two surgical residents worked with the on-call trauma surgeon
- Over the two-week interim study period, the team effectively met procedural demands, mostly arterial lines (55%), central venous catheters (25%) and non-tunneled hemodialysis catheters (13%), and there were no major complications of these procedures
- Challenges included high patient body mass index, access needs during prone positioning and arterial catheter–associated thrombosis
During the first few weeks that the COVID-19 pandemic affected Massachusetts General Hospital, the number of mechanically ventilated ICU patients rose exponentially. According to plan, several medical and surgical floors were converted into surge ICUs, but the pool of available intensivists, residents and advanced practice providers was quickly spread thin.
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To address the constraints on personnel and resources, a dedicated team was created to provide bundled vascular and enteral access in critically ill COVID-19 patients. In Annals of Surgery, Katherine Albutt, MD, MPH, surgical resident, Casey Luckhurst, MD, surgical resident, and Haytham Kaafarani, MD, MPH, trauma surgeon, and director of the Mass General Center for Outcomes & Patient Safety in Surgery (COMPASS) at Massachusetts General Hospital, and colleagues describe the team's structure and initial experience.
The COVID-19 Bundled Response for Access (COBRA) team was created within 72 hours in early April 2020 by representatives of the Departments of Surgery; Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine; Interventional Radiology; Medicine; and Nursing and Patient Care Services. The Hospital Incident Command System approved the plan and feedback was solicited from ICU leaders.
Procedures and Structure
The bundled procedures performed by the COBRA team included arterial lines, central venous catheters (CVC), non-tunneled hemodialysis (HD) catheters and orogastric/nasogastric tubes.
During the day, four surgical residents (postgraduate years 3–7) worked two per team along with a dedicated attending (surgeon, anesthesiologist or interventional radiologist). Overnight, two surgical residents worked with the on-call trauma surgeon. Participation in COBRA at all levels was strictly voluntary.
For the convenience of ICU teams, a dedicated COBRA pager was created with an easy search-and-find feature in the hospital telephone directory. The initial plan was for the team to operate only from 6 am to 6 pm, but demand was so high in the first 24 hours that coverage was expanded to be around the clock.
Components of COBRA were chosen to promote safe, efficient care and participant safety. They included:
- An in-depth checklist to facilitate communication between ICU teams and the COBRA team
- A checklist to guide COBRA team members through pre-procedural, procedural and post-procedural steps
- Procedure "go bags" with all essentials for catheter placement
- A dedicated space to house necessary materials, including ultrasound machines
- Full personal protective equipment (strict contact and airborne precautions with N95 respirator)
- Mandatory online and in-person PPE training, including N95 fit testing, supplemented with training about donning and doffing PPE in a sterile environment
Volume and Outcomes
The COBRA team was enthusiastically received across the hospital and effectively met procedural demands. Over a two-week interim study period, it responded to 158 consults on 102 patients and performed 214 procedures, mostly arterial lines (55%), CVC (25%) and HD catheters (13%). During the study period, there were no complications with these procedures.
- The average patient body mass index was 32 kg/m2, which presented challenges with patient positioning and procedural techniques
- Many patients had access needs during prone positioning
- The most frequent challenge was arterial catheter–associated thrombosis requiring rewiring or replacement of the catheter
Team members attempted to reduce the risk of future thrombosis by minimizing vascular access attempts prior to COBRA consultation, using ultrasound guidance for arterial line placement and using longer arterial catheters to minimize accidental dislodgement.
The COBRA team hopes that by sharing its experience, other hospitals can better prepare for COVID-19 surges and other disaster needs.
View all COVID-19 updates
Learn more about research in the Department of Surgery | <urn:uuid:bdc0137c-376c-4287-a47e-1412ffd9b5ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://advances.massgeneral.org/research-and-innovation/journal.aspx?id=1605&TRILIBIS_EMULATOR_UA=nsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr%2Cnsclpfpr | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.941839 | 1,013 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Pain in the lower extremities may be indicative of a condition called peripheral artery disease, or PAD. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute says PAD occurs when plaque builds up in the arteries that carry blood to the limbs, head and organs, contributing to atherosclerosis, or a hardening of the arteries. Blocked blood flow and eventual limited oxygen supply to these areas can cause pain and numbness. When severe enough, PAD may lead to tissue death.
Discomfort due to PAD usually occurs when a person is walking or exercising, because the muscles are not getting enough blood during these activities to meet their needs, says the American Heart Association. Those with diabetes may confuse pain with neuropathy, and the elderly may think pain from PAD is a normal sign of aging and stiffness.
When undiagnosed, PAD can lead to further complications, including increased risk for heart attack, stroke, and coronary artery disease. Even amputation of a limb may be necessary. However, PAD is preventable when taking a few steps to improve diet.
According to new research published by the American Heart Association, eating more fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk of developing PAD, which affects an estimated 8.5 million people in the United States alone. Researchers examined dietary data from roughly 3.7 million men and women, with an average age of 65. Approximately 6.3 percent of the subjects had PAD, and 29.2 percent indicated they ate three or more servings of fruits and vegetables each day. The discovery was those who reported eating three or more daily servings of fruits and vegetables had an 18 percent lower risk of PAD than those who reported eating less of these foods. The association between fruit and vegetable consumption and lower PAD risk remained even after accounting for age, gender, race, smoking status, and various cardiovascular risk factors.
Saturated fats, trans-fats and sodium can contribute to the formation of plaques that lead to PAD. Replacing these foods with more vegetables and fruits that are naturally lower in saturated fats can help, as can increasing dietary fiber consumption. One way to incorporate these types of foods is to adhere to a Mediterranean diet, which offers high proportions of legumes, fruits, vegetables; moderate amounts of fish and dairy; and limited meat and meat products.
Peripheral artery disease can be a warning sign of cardiovascular trouble. Altering one’s diet may help naturally prevent or treat this condition. | <urn:uuid:0a312a70-e4b2-463c-8bac-41d1b5c7f52b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oakdaleleader.com/209-living/fruits-and-vegetables-may-lower-risk-of-pad/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.958212 | 503 | 3.484375 | 3 |
La Perla de las Antillas
An Exhibition from the Library's Collections featuring items with a focus from the late 1800s to the early 1900s
Special Collections & Archives and the Permanent Art Collection present La Perla de las Antillas, an exhibition intended to share a time of Cuba for those who have never known it, have forgotten, and for those who will never forget. The exhibition will feature rare books, lithograph prints, ephemera, photography, poetry, and more celebrating Cuba's history, poetry, and architecture of the 1800s and early 1900s.
Pearl of the Antilles was dubbed so after the romantic title given to Antonio Carlo Napoleone Gallenga's journey to Cuba in 1873, seeing as it was the largest island of the West Indies upon his arrival. Used as a base to continue Spanish colonization and travel to neighboring lands, settlers prospered from her rich soil plantations of tobacco, coffee and sugar. The Cuban people would soon earn their independence from Spain in the Spanish American War of the late 1800s, a fight bridging together a relationship between the United States and Cuba which would later sever at the dawn of the Cuban Revolution of 1959. Prior to the embargo and the island being held in time, it was a destination for many—hypnotized by the fascination and magic of Cuba which could awaken the imagination of travelers, scholars, writers and artists from all over the world.
Poets from the island that are included in this exhibit showcase the illustrative power of language and poetry. Jose Marti, Gertrudis Gomez de Avellaneda, Jose Maria Heredia, and Dulce Maria Loynaz are showcased in this exhibition as examples of poets that have received international recognition and success as masters of their craft. Provided in Spanish and English, the sections of poetry have been chosen for a variety of reasons including their popularity within the culture, their elegance of execution, and their connection to the island's natural majesty. | <urn:uuid:a37d9957-dcfb-4b5a-b4eb-b5eb3d5102e4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mdpls.org/art/exhibitions.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.965486 | 406 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Introducing Xniffer, the Swift network profiler built on top of URLSession!
Do you often want to debug or monitor external service responses in you app, recognize latency and work with the data you receive back? Same happens to us! That’s why we created Xniffer , a non intrusive framework to intercept outgoing requests and their responses. Developed in Swift for iOS platforms, inspired by Response detective.
Why use Xniffer?
Xniffer not only returns the responses’ result, it also has a UI component that shows them to you in real time, feature which other libraries don’t have. It displays the latency of HTTP messages, and you can set up your own delegate to do whatever you want with the returned data. Wanna start to use it right away? Just setup some configurations, choose how you want to see the requests and that’s it!
How to use it?
To start working with Xniffer, it needs to be added as a middleware between your URLSession and the Internet. After the initial setup, a window will be displayed on top of the UI that will show all the current requests and their latency.
let configuration = URLSessionConfiguration.default // The setup method adds the Xniffer's custom protocol as a middleware. Xniffer.setup(with: configuration) let session = URLSession(configuration: configuration)
Now we can start using this session instance for our requests!
If you’re using Alamofire you can start using the Xniffer by initializing your Manager with the following:
let configuration = URLSessionConfiguration.default configuration.httpAdditionalHeaders = SessionManager.defaultHTTPHeaders Xniffer.setup(with: configuration) let sessionManager = SessionManager(configuration: configuration) let manager = NetworkManager(manager: sessionManager )
Now you’re ready to go! You can also change the way you see the responses (by default you will see them displayed in a window on top of the status bar).
The Xniffer currently supports three modes,
.custom. The default value is
.window but this can be changed easily on the setup:
Xniffer.setup(with configuration: URLSessionConfiguration, mode: XnifferUI = .window). Each one uses a different implementation of the
.window: Displays a window on top of the status bar which can be expanded to display a list of the profiled requests. This is the default value.
.console: Prints the results on the Xcode console.
.custom: This one receives a closure of type
() -> ()so you can use your own implementation of the
To see these three different ways of displaying the results we invite you to visit our Github project.
CocoaPods is a dependency manager for Cocoa projects.
To install Xniffer, simply add the following line to your Podfile:
pod 'Xniffer', '~> 1.0'
Carthage is a simple, decentralized dependency manager for Cocoa.
To install Xniffer, simply add the following line to your Cartfile:
github "xmartlabs/Xniffer" ~> 1.0
Where to go from here
We hope this works as a good introduction to this open source library. On GitHub you’ll find everything you need to get started. If you want to collaborate, feel free to contribute with this library. | <urn:uuid:9bef6b44-8d07-4bc3-8b65-c63b8869c40b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.xmartlabs.com/2017/10/31/Introducing-to-Xniffer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.83573 | 793 | 1.640625 | 2 |
November 7, 2008
Brokenness: The Process
How tempting it is to think we need very little improvement. Ask around, and you’ll hear many people concede they could probably use a bit of “maintenance” on one or two problem areas (preferably without being caused any discomfort). Yet most will add, “But I’m a good person.” Don’t be fooled—the Father refuses to settle for humanity’s meager vision of “good enough.”
God sees each believer as the person he or she will be when fully yielded to Jesus Christ. He then sets about achieving that complete renovation by transforming the individual’s present self into the image of His Son. We could say that God is our “interior designer.”
An essential step in remodeling involves removing whatever is unnecessary, damaged, or outmoded. In our case, what must go are the areas of self-will. I can tell you from experience that being a man under construction is uncomfortable! God targets habits, attitudes, and even relationships wherein we act independently of His purposes. Then He applies pressure to direct our attention there as well. The Lord takes hold of interests that are dear to our hearts in order to coax from us the rather humbling question, “What more would You have me submit to You?”
Conforming our will to God’s changes who we are. In the midst of our transformation, pain from His tools may temporarily obscure the beauty of His design. But nothing is more splendid to God than a committed, obey-at-all-costs follower. Submit to Him so that He might remake you into the servant He desires.
The Life Principles Bible
This Bible combines the wisdom of Scripture with the principles that guide Dr. Stanley's life and empower his ministry. Order your copy. | <urn:uuid:68fe8c01-8776-4d0a-910e-99db365db46e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.crosswalk.com/devotionals/in-touch/in-touch-nov-7-2008-11595424.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.94239 | 404 | 1.515625 | 2 |
I’ve been thinking about goals – how having goals can sometimes make us feel we’re doing something important to ‘improve’ ourselves but actually, sometimes, goal setting can get in the way of change.
At first glance my comment may seem strange. After all, it seems to be a natural part of the personal development process to have goals, as it also often is in our work life or our hobbies.
But while goals can be a helpful way of motivating ourselves, they can also bring their own limitations.
Think of new year’s resolutions – how often do we start out with great motivation but then gradually let them fade?
In his book Atomic Habits, James Clear argues that goals have several limitations. These include the fact that they provide a temporary satisfaction, when we meet them, but don’t always change the underlying beliefs and assumptions that underlie the behaviour.
He adds that goals also create an either/or situation, in which either I meet this goal and am a success or I don’t and I’m a failure.
While Clear argues that it is not goals but systems that are important in achieving improvements, I prefer viewing this subject through the context of values. In a way systems, in the way that Clear uses the term, are similar to values, i.e., the quality of action or behaviour that we are choosing to value.
Therapist Jenna LeJeune talks about this in her book Values in Therapy, noting that it is our values that determine our direction in life and that goals can be the milestones. But without values, goals can become arbitrary and sometimes even damaging, believes Lejeune.
She says: “Behaviour focussed on outcomes (goals) often has a more instrumental quality – it’s more of a means to an end. A glow such as working to obtain money or dressing a certain way to be admired often functions as a means to an end rather than something important in and of itself.”
For example, I have had a goal of getting up early to meditate and reflect before breakfast. It’s a useful goal and it has helped me develop a positive habit that nourishes me. But the goal emerged from work on my values.
One of my values is giving myself space and time to connect with myself and to reflect. This helps me feel more centred and satisfied in my life. The goal of an early morning meditation is an expression of that value.
This means that on those days when I don’t achieve the goal I don’t beat myself up. Instead, I focus on the general direction of travel and may try and find a space later in the day for reflection.
Despite the limitations of goals, I do find that they can be helpful in focusing attention and as a motivation in creating positive habits. We just need to acknowledge that they must be linked to deeper values or desires.
Image creative common licence, https://utechod.com/beyond-smart-goals/
LeJeune, Jenna, (2020), Values in Therapy, Context Press, Oakland, CA.
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CAMELS rating system
The CELS ratings or CAMELS rating is a supervisory rating system originally developed in the U.S. to classify a bank's overall condition. It is applied to every bank and credit union in the U.S. and is also implemented outside the U.S. by various banking supervisory regulators.
The ratings are assigned based on a ratio analysis of the financial statements, combined with on-site examinations made by a designated supervisory regulator. In the U.S. these supervisory regulators include the Federal Reserve, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the National Credit Union Administration, the Farm Credit Administration, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
Ratings are not released to the public but only to the top management to prevent a possible bank run on an institution which receives a CAMELS rating downgrade. Institutions with deteriorating situations and declining CAMELS ratings are subject to ever increasing supervisory scrutiny. Failed institutions are eventually resolved via a formal resolution process designed to protect retail depositors.
The components of a bank's condition that are assessed:
- (C)apital adequacy
- (M)anagement Capability
- (L)iquidity (also called asset liability management)
- (S)ensitivity (sensitivity to market risk, especially interest rate risk)
Ratings are from 1 (best) to 5 (worst) in each of the above categories.
In India, for supervision (inspection) of banks, an extended framework is used which is named - C A M E L S C where the letters C A M E L stand for what has been mentioned above but 'S'- means- 'Systems' and 'C' means- 'Compliance' - to various rules, regulations, Acts. etc.
In 1979, the Uniform Financial Institutions Rating System (UFIRS) was implemented in U.S. banking institutions, and later globally, following a recommendation by the U.S. Federal Reserve. The system became internationally known with the abbreviation CAMEL, reflecting five assessment areas: capital, asset quality, management, earnings and liquidity. In 1995 the Federal Reserve and the OCC replaced CAMEL with CAMELS, adding the "S" which stands for (S)ensitivity to Market Risk.
The rating system is designed to take into account and reflect all significant financial and operational factors examiners assess in their evaluation of an institutions performance. Institutions are rated using a combination of specific financial ratios and examiner qualitative judgments.
The following describes some details of the CAMEL system in the context of examining a credit union.
Indicates strong performance and risk management practices that consistently provide for safe and sound operations. Management clearly identifies all risks and employs compensating factors mitigating concerns. The historical trend and projections for key performance measures are consistently positive. Banks and credit unions in this group resist external economic and financial disturbances and withstand the unexpected actions of business conditions more ably than banks and credit unions with a lower composite rating. Any weaknesses are minor and can be handled in a routine manner by the board of directors and management. These banks and credit unions are in substantial compliance with laws and regulations. Such institutions give no cause for supervisory concern.
Reflects satisfactory performance and risk management practices that consistently provide for safe and sound operations. Management identifies most risks and compensates accordingly. Both historical and projected key performance measures should generally be positive with any exceptions being those that do not directly affect safe and sound operations. Banks and credit unions in this group are stable and able to withstand business fluctuations quite well; however, minor areas of weakness may be present which could develop into conditions of greater concern. These weaknesses are well within the board of directors' and management's capabilities and willingness to correct. These banks and credit unions are in substantial compliance with laws and regulations. The supervisory response is limited to the extent that minor adjustments are resolved in the normal course of business and that operations continue to be satisfactory.
Represents performance that is flawed to some degree and is of supervisory concern. Risk management practices may be less than satisfactory relative to the bank's or credit union's size, complexity, and risk profile. Management may not identify nor provide mitigation of significant risks. Both historical and projected key performance measures may generally be flat or negative to the extent that safe and sound operations may be adversely affected. Banks and credit unions in this group are only nominally resistant to the onset of adverse business conditions and could easily deteriorate if concerted action is not effective in correcting certain identifiable areas of weakness. Overall strength and financial capacity is present, thus making failure a remote probability. These banks and credit unions may be in significant noncompliance with laws and regulations. Management may lack the ability or willingness to effectively address weaknesses within appropriate time frames. Such banks and credit unions require more than normal supervisory attention to address deficiencies.
Refers to poor performance that is of serious supervisory concern. Risk management practices are generally unacceptable relative to the bank's or credit union's size, complexity, and risk profile. Key performance measures are likely to be negative. If left unchecked, such performance would likely lead to conditions that could threaten the viability of the bank or credit union. There may be significant noncompliance with laws and regulations. The board of directors and management are not satisfactorily resolving the weaknesses and problems. A high potential for failure is present but is not yet imminent or pronounced. Banks and credit unions in this group require close supervisory attention.
Considered unsatisfactory performance that is critically deficient and in need of immediate remedial attention. Such performance, by itself or in combination with other weaknesses, directly threatens the viability of the bank or credit union. The volume and severity of problems are beyond management's ability or willingness to control or correct. Banks and credit unions in this group have a high probability of failure and will likely require liquidation and the payoff of shareholders, or some other form of emergency assistance, merger, or acquisition.
Capital adequacy (CA)
Part 702 of the NCUA Rules and Regulations sets forth the statutory net worth categories, and risk-based net worth requirements for federally insured credit unions. References are made in this Letter to the five net worth categories which are: "well capitalized," "adequately capitalized", "undercapitalized," "significantly undercapitalized," and "critically undercapitalized."
Credit unions that are less than "adequately capitalized" must operate under an approved net worth restoration plan. Examiners evaluate capital adequacy by assessing progress toward goals set forth in the plan.
Determining the adequacy of a credit union's capital begins with a qualitative evaluation of critical variables that directly bear on the institution's overall financial condition. Included in the assessment of capital is the examiners opinion of the strength of the credit union's capital position over the next year or several years based on the credit union's plan and underlying assumptions. Capital is a critical element in the credit union's risk management program. The examiner assesses the degree to which credit, interest rate, liquidity, transaction, compliance, strategic, and reputation risks may impact on the credit union's current and future capital position. The examiner also considers the interrelationships with the other areas:
- Capital level and trend analysis;
- Compliance with risk-based net worth requirements;
- Composition of capital;
- Interest and dividend policies and practices;
- Adequacy of the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses account;
- Quality, type, liquidity and diversification of assets, with particular reference to classified assets;
- Loan and investment concentrations;
- Growth plans;
- Volume and risk characteristics of new business initiatives;
- Ability of management to control and monitor risk, including credit and interest rate risk;
- Earnings. Good historical and current earnings performance enables a credit union to fund its growth, remain competitive, and maintain a strong capital position;
- Liquidity and funds management;
- Extent of contingent liabilities and existence of pending litigation;
- Field of membership; and
- Economic environment.
Credit unions that maintain a level of capital fully commensurate with their current and expected risk profiles and can absorb any present or anticipated losses are accorded a rating of 1 for capital. Such credit unions generally maintain capital levels at least at the statutory net worth requirements to be classified as "well capitalized" and meet their risk-based net worth requirement. Further, there should be no significant asset quality problems, earnings deficiencies, or exposure to credit or interest-rate risk that could negatively affect capital.
A capital adequacy rating of 2 is accorded to a credit union that also maintains a level of capital fully commensurate with its risk profile both now and in the future and can absorb any present or anticipated losses. However, its capital position will not be as strong overall as those of 1 rated credit unions. Also, there should be no significant asset quality problems, earnings deficiencies, or exposure to interest-rate risk that could affect the credit union's ability to maintain capital levels at least at the "adequately capitalized" net worth category. Credit unions in this category should meet their risk-based net worth requirements.
A capital adequacy rating of 3 reflects a level of capital that is at least at the "undercapitalized" net worth category. Such credit unions normally exhibit more than ordinary levels of risk in some significant segments of their operation. There may be asset quality problems, earnings deficiencies, or exposure to credit or interest-rate risk that could affect the credit union's ability to maintain the minimum capital levels. Credit unions in this category may fail to meet their risk-based net worth requirements.
A capital adequacy rating of 4 is appropriate if the credit union is "significantly undercapitalized" but asset quality, earnings, credit or interest-rate problems will not cause the credit union to become critically undercapitalized in the next 12 months. A 4 rating may be appropriate for a credit union that does not have sufficient capital based on its capital level compared with the risks present in its operations.
A 5 rating is given to a credit union if it is critically undercapitalized, or has significant asset quality problems, negative earnings trends, or high credit or interest-rate risk exposure is expected to cause the credit union to become "critically undercapitalized" in the next 12 months. Such credit unions are exposed to levels of risk sufficient to jeopardize their solvency.
Asset quality is high loan concentrations that present undue risk to the credit union;
- The appropriateness of investment policies and practices;
- The investment risk factors when compared to capital and earnings structure; and
- The effect of fair (market) value of investments vs. book value of investments.
The asset quality rating is a function of present conditions and the likelihood of future deterioration or improvement based on economic conditions, current practices and trends. The examiner assesses credit union's management of credit risk to determine an appropriate component rating for Asset Quality. Interrelated to the assessment of credit risk, the examiner evaluates the impact of other risks such as interest rate, liquidity, strategic, and compliance.
The quality and trends of all major assets must be considered in the rating. This includes loans, investments, other real estate owned (ORE0s), and any other assets that could adversely impact a credit union's financial condition.
A rating of 1 reflects high asset quality and minimal portfolio risks. In addition, lending and investment policies and procedures are in writing, conducive to safe and sound operations and are followed.
A 2 rating denotes high-quality assets although the level and severity of classified assets are greater in a 2 rated institution. Credit unions that are 1 and 2 rated will generally exhibit trends that are stable or positive.
A rating of 3 indicates a significant degree of concern, based on either current or anticipated asset quality problems. Credit unions in this category may have only a moderate level of problem assets. However, these credit unions may be experiencing negative trends, inadequate loan underwriting, poor documentation, higher risk investments, inadequate lending and investment controls and monitoring that indicate a reasonable probability of increasingly higher levels of problem assets and high-risk concentration.
Asset quality ratings of 4 and 5 represent increasingly severe asset quality problems. A rating of 4 indicates a high level of problem assets that will threaten the institution's viability if left uncorrected. A 4 rating should also be assigned to credit unions with moderately severe levels of classified assets combined with other significant problems such as inadequate valuation allowances, high-risk concentration, or poor underwriting, documentation, collection practices, and high-risk investments. Rating 5 indicates that the credit union's viability has deteriorated due to the corrosive effect of its asset problems on its earnings and level of capital.
Management is the most forward-looking indicator of condition and a key determinant of whether a credit union possesses the ability to correctly diagnose and respond to financial stress. The management component provides examiners with objective, and not purely subjective, indicators. An assessment of management is not solely dependent on the current financial condition of the credit union and will not be an average of the other component ratings.
Reflected in this component rating is both the board of directors' and management's ability to identify, measure, monitor, and control the risks of the credit union's activities, ensure its safe and sound operations, and ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Management practices should address some or all of the following risks: credit, interest rate, liquidity, transaction, compliance, reputation, strategic, and other risks.
The management rating is based on the following areas, as well as other factors as discussed below.
Business strategy and financial performance
The credit union's strategic plan is a systematic process that defines management's course in assuring that the organization prospers in the next two to three years. The strategic plan incorporates all areas of a credit union's operations and often sets broad goals, e.g., capital accumulation, growth expectations, enabling credit union management to make sound decisions. The strategic plan should identify risks within the organization and outline methods to mitigate concerns.
As part of the strategic planning process, credit unions should develop business plans for the next one or two years. The board of directors should review and approve the business plan, including a budget, in the context of its consistency with the credit union's strategic plan. The business plan is evaluated against the strategic plan to determine if it is consistent with its strategic plan. Examiners also assess how the plan is put into effect. The plans should be unique to and reflective of the individual credit union. The credit union's performance in achieving its plan strongly influences the management rating.
Information systems and technology should be included as an integral part of the credit union's strategic plan. Strategic goals, policies, and procedures addressing the credit union's information systems and technology ("IS&T") should be in place. Examiners assess the credit union's risk analysis, policies, and oversight of this area based on the size and complexity of the credit union and the type and volume of e-Commerce services' offered. Examiners consider the criticality of e-Commerce systems and services in their assessment of the overall IS&T plan.
Prompt corrective action may require the development of a net worth restoration plan ("NWRP") in the event the credit union becomes less than adequately capitalized. A NWRP addresses the same basic issues associated with a business plan. The plan should be based on the credit union's asset size, complexity of operations, and field of membership. It should specify the steps the credit union will take to become adequately capitalized. If a NWRP is required, the examiner will review the credit union's progress toward achieving the goals set forth in the plan.
An area that plays a crucial role in the control of a credit union's risks is its system of internal controls. Effective internal controls enhance the safeguards against system malfunctions, errors in judgment and fraud. Without proper controls in place, management will not be able to identify and track its exposure to risk. Controls are also essential to enable management to ensure that operating units are acting within the parameters established by the board of directors and senior management.
Seven aspects of internal controls deserve special attention:
- Information systems. It is crucial that effective controls are in place to ensure the integrity, security, and privacy of information contained on the credit union's computer systems. In addition, the credit union should have a tested contingency plan in place for the possible failure of its computer systems.
- Segregation of duties. The credit union should have adequate segregation of duties and professional resources in every area of operation. Segregation of duties may be limited by the number of employees in smaller credit unions.
- Audit program. The effectiveness of the credit union's audit program in determining compliance with policy should be reviewed. An effective audit function and process should be independent, reporting to the Supervisory Committee without conflict or interference with management. An annual audit plan is necessary to ensure that all risk areas are examined, and that those areas of greatest risk receive priority. Reports should be issued to management for comment and action and forwarded to the board of directors with management's response. Follow-up of any unresolved issues is essential, e.g., examination exceptions, and should be covered in subsequent reports. In addition, a verification of members' accounts needs to be performed at least once every two years.
- Record keeping. The books of every credit union should be kept in accordance with well-established accounting principles. In each instance, a credit union's records and accounts should reflect its actual financial condition and accurate results of operations. Records should be current and provide an audit trail. The audit trail should include sufficient documentation to follow a transaction from its inception through to its completion. Subsidiary records should be kept in balance with general ledger control figures.
- Protection of physical assets. A principal method of safeguarding assets is to limit access by authorized personnel. Protection of assets can be accomplished by developing operating policies and procedures for cash control, joint custody (dual control), teller operations, and physical security of the computer.
- Education of staff. Credit union staff should be thoroughly trained in specific daily operations. A training program tailored to meet management needs should be in place and cross-training programs for office staff should be present. Risk is controlled when the credit union is able to maintain continuity of operations and service to members.
- Succession planning. The ongoing success of any credit union will be greatly impacted by the ability to fill key management positions in the event of resignation or retirement. The existence of a detailed succession plan that provides trained management personnel to step in at a moment's notice is essential to the long-term stability of a credit union. A succession plan should address the Chief Executive Officer (or equivalent) and other senior management positions (manager, assistant manager, etc.).
Other management issues
Other key factors to consider when assessing the management of a credit union include, but are not limited to:
- Adequacy of the policies and procedures covering each area of the credit union's operations (written, board approved, followed);
- Budget performance compared against actual performance;
- Effectiveness of systems that measure and monitor risk;
- Risk-taking practices and methods of control to mitigate concerns;
- Integration of risk management with planning and decision-making;
- Responsiveness to examination and audit suggestions, recommendations, or requirements;
- Compliance with laws and regulations;
- Adequacy of the allowance for loan and lease losses account and other valuation reserves;
- Appropriateness of the products and services offered in relation to the credit union's size and management experience;
- Loan to share ratio trends and history;
- Market penetration;
- Rate structure; and
- Cost-benefit analysis of major service products.
The board of directors and management have a fiduciary responsibility to the members to maintain very high standards of professional conduct:
- Compliance with all applicable state and federal laws and regulations. Management should also adhere to all laws and regulations that provide equal opportunity for all members regardless of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, or handicap.
- Appropriateness of compensation policies and practices for senior management. Management contracts should not contain provisions that are likely to cause undue hardship on the credit union. The board needs to ensure performance standards are in place for the CEO/Manager and senior management and an effective formal evaluation process is in place and being documented.
- Avoidance of conflict of interest. Appropriate policies and procedures for avoidance of conflicts of interest and management of potential conflicts of interest should be in place.
- Professional ethics and behavior. Management should not use the credit union for unauthorized or inappropriate personal gain. Credit union property should not be used for anything other than authorized activities. Management should act ethically and impartially in carrying out appropriate credit union policies and procedures.
A management rating of 1 indicates that management and directors are fully effective. They are responsive to changing economic conditions and other concerns and are able to cope successfully with existing and foreseeable problems that may arise in the conduct of the credit union's operation.
For a management rating of 2, minor deficiencies are noted, but management produces a satisfactory record of performance in light of the institution's particular circumstances.
A 3 rating in management indicates that either operating performance is lacking in some measures, or some other conditions exist such as inadequate strategic planning or inadequate response to NCUA supervision. Management is either characterized by modest talent when above average abilities are needed or is distinctly below average for the type and size of the credit union. Thus, management's responsiveness or ability to correct less than satisfactory conditions is lacking to some degree.
A management rating of 4 indicates that serious deficiencies are noted in management's ability or willingness to meet its responsibilities. Either management is considered generally unable to manage the credit union in a safe and sound manner or conflict-of-interest situations exist that suggest that management is not properly performing its fiduciary responsibilities. In these cases, problems resulting from management weakness are of such severity that management may need to be strengthened or replaced before sound conditions can be achieved.
A management rating of 5 is applicable to those instances where incompetence or self-dealing has been clearly demonstrated. In these cases, problems resulting from management weakness are of such severity that some type of administrative action may need to be initiated, including the replacement of management, in order to restore safe and sound operations.
The continued viability of a credit union depends on its ability to earn an appropriate return on its assets which enables the institution to fund expansion, remain competitive, and replenish and/or increase capital.
In evaluating and rating earnings, it is not enough to review past and present performance alone. Future performance is of equal or greater value, including performance under various economic conditions. Examiners evaluate "core" earnings: that is the long-run earnings ability of a credit union discounting temporary fluctuations in income and one-time items. A review for the reasonableness of the credit union's budget and underlying assumptions is appropriate for this purpose. Examiners also consider the interrelationships with other risk areas such as credit and interest rate.
Key factors to consider when assessing the credit union's earnings are:
- Level, growth trends, and stability of earnings, particularly return on average assets;
- Adequacy of valuation allowances and their effect on earnings;
- Adequacy of budgeting systems, forecasting processes, and management information systems, in general;
- Future earnings prospects under a variety of economic conditions;
- Net interest margin;
- Net non-operating income and losses and their effect on earnings;
- Quality and composition of assets;
- Net worth level;
- Sufficiency of earnings for necessary capital formation; and
- Material factors affecting the credit union's income producing ability such as fixed assets and other real estate owned ("OREOs").
Earnings rated 1 are currently, and are projected to be, sufficient to fully provide for loss absorption and capital formation with due consideration to asset quality, growth, and trends in earnings.
An institution with earnings that are positive and relatively stable may receive a 2 rating, provided its level of earnings is adequate in view of asset quality and operating risks. The examiner must consider other factors, such as earnings trends and earnings quality to determine if earnings should be assigned a 2 rating.
A 3 rating should be accorded if current and projected earnings are not fully sufficient to provide for the absorption of losses and the formation of capital to meet and maintain compliance with regulatory requirements. The earnings of such institutions may be further hindered by inconsistent earnings trends, chronically insufficient earnings or less than satisfactory performance on assets.
Earnings rated 4 may be characterized by erratic fluctuations in net income, the development of a severe downward trend in income, or a substantial drop in earnings from the previous period, and a drop in projected earnings is anticipated. The examiner should consider all other relevant quantitative and qualitative measures to determine if a 4 is the appropriate rating.
Credit unions experiencing consistent losses should be rated 5 in Earnings. Such losses may represent a distinct threat to the credit union's solvency through the erosion of capital. A 5 rating would normally be assigned to credit unions that are unprofitable to the point that capital will be depleted within twelve months.
Liquidity – asset and liability management
Asset and liability management (ALM) is the process of evaluating, monitoring, and controlling balance sheet risk (interest rate risk and liquidity risk). A sound ALM process integrates strategic, profitability, and net worth planning with risk management. Examiners review (a) interest rate risk sensitivity and exposure; (b) reliance on short-term, volatile sources of funds, including any undue reliance on borrowings; (c) availability of assets readily convertible into cash; and (d) technical competence relative to ALM, including the management of interest rate risk, cash flow, and liquidity, with a particular emphasis on assuring that the potential for loss in the activities is not excessive relative to its capital. ALM covers both interest rate and liquidity risks and also encompasses strategic and reputation risks.
Interest rate risk
Interest-Rate Risk - the risk of adverse changes to earnings and capital due to changing levels of interest rates. Interest-rate risk is evaluated principally in terms of the sensitivity and exposure of the value of the credit union's investment and loan portfolios to changes in interest rates. In appraising ALM, attention should be directed to the credit union's liability funding costs relative to its yield on assets and its market environment.
When evaluating this component, the examiner considers: management's ability to identify, measure, monitor, and control interest rate risk; the credit union's size; the nature and complexity of its activities; and the adequacy of its capital and earnings in relation to its level of interest rate risk exposure. The examiner also considers the overall adequacy of established policies, the effectiveness of risk optimization strategies, and the interest rate risk methodologies. These policies should outline individual responsibilities, the credit union's risk tolerance, and ensure timely monitoring and reporting to the decision-makers. Examiners determine that the ALM system is commensurate with the complexity of the balance sheet and level of capital.
Key factors to consider in evaluating sensitivity to interest rate risk include:
- Interest-rate risk exposure at the instrument, portfolio, and balance sheet levels;
- Balance sheet structure;
- Liquidity management;
- Qualifications of risk management personnel;
- Quality of oversight by the board and senior management;
- Earnings and capital trend analysis over changing economic climates;
- Prudence of policies and risk limits;
- Business plan, budgets, and projections; and,
- Integration of risk management with planning and decision-making.
Liquidity risk is the risk of not being able to efficiently meet present and future cash flow needs without adversely affecting daily operations. Liquidity is evaluated on the basis of the credit union's ability to meet its present and anticipated cash flow needs, such as, funding loan demand, share withdrawals, and the payment of liabilities and expenses. Liquidity risk also encompasses poor management of excess funds.
The examiner considers the current level of liquidity and prospective sources of liquidity compared to current and projected funding needs. Funding needs include loan demand, share withdrawals, and the payment of liabilities and expenses. Examiners review reliance on short-term, volatile sources of funds, including any undue reliance on borrowings; availability of assets readily convertible into cash; and technical competence relative to liquidity and cash flow management. Examiners also review the impact of excess liquidity on the credit union's net interest margin, which is an indicator of interest rate risk.
The cornerstone of a strong liquidity management system is the identification of the credit union's key risks and a measurement system to assess those risks.
Key factors to consider in evaluating the liquidity management include:
- Balance sheet structure;
- Contingency planning to meet unanticipated events (sources of funds —adequacy of provisions for borrowing, e.g., lines of credit, corporate credit union membership, FHLB agreements);
- Contingency planning to handle periods of excess liquidity;
- Cash flow budgets and projections; and
- Integration of liquidity management with planning and decision-making.
Examiners will consider the overall adequacy of established policies, limits, and the effectiveness of risk optimization strategies when assigning a rating. These policies should outline individual responsibilities, the credit union's risk tolerance, and ensure timely monitoring and reporting to the decision makers.
Examiners determine that the liquidity management system is commensurate with the complexity of the balance sheet and amount of capital. This includes evaluating the mechanisms to monitor and control risk, management's response when risk exposure approaches or exceeds the credit union's risk limits, and corrective action taken, when necessary.
Overall asset and liability management
Examiners will have regulatory concern if one or more of the following circumstances exist:
- An overall asset/liability management policy addressing interest rate risk, liquidity, and contingency funding is either nonexistent or inadequate.
- The board has established unacceptable limits on its risk exposure.
- There is noncompliance with the board's policies or limits.
- There are weaknesses in the management measurement, monitoring, and reporting systems.
A rating of 1 indicates that the credit union exhibits only modest exposure to balance sheet risk. Management has demonstrated it has the necessary controls, procedures, and resources to effectively manage risks. Interest rate risk and liquidity risk management are integrated into the credit union's organization and planning to promote sound decisions. Liquidity needs are met through planned funding and controlled uses of funds. Liquidity contingency plans have been established and are expected to be effective in meeting unanticipated funding needs. The level of earnings and capital provide substantial support for the degree of balance risk taken by the credit union.
A rating of 2 indicates that the credit union's risk exposure is reasonable, management's ability to identify, measure, monitor, control, and report risk is sufficient, and it appears to be able to meet its reasonably anticipated needs. There is only moderate potential that earnings performance or capital position will be adversely affected. Policies, personnel, and planning reflect that risk management is conducted as part of the decision-making process. The level of earnings and capital provide adequate support for the degree of balance sheet risk taken by the credit union.
A rating of 3 indicates that the risk exposure of the credit union is substantial, and management's ability to manage and control risk requires improvement. Liquidity may be insufficient to meet anticipated operational needs, necessitating unplanned borrowing. Improvements are needed to strengthen policies, procedures, or the organization's understanding of balance sheet risks. A rating of 3 may also indicate the credit union is not meeting its self-imposed risk limits or is not taking timely action to bring performance back into compliance. The level of earnings and capital may not adequately support the degree of balance sheet risk taken by the credit union.
Ratings of 4 and 5 indicate that the credit union exhibits an unacceptably high exposure to risk. Management does not demonstrate an acceptable capacity to measure and manage interest-rate risk, or the credit union has an unacceptable liquidity position. Analyses under modeling scenarios indicate that a significant deterioration in performance is very likely for credit unions rated 4 and inevitable for credit unions rated 5. Ratings of 4 or 5 may also indicate levels of liquidity such that the credit union cannot adequately meet demands for funds. Such a credit union should take immediate action to lower its interest-rate exposure, improve its liquidity, or otherwise improve its condition. The level of earnings and capital provide inadequate support for the degree of balance sheet risk taken by the credit union.
A rating of 5 would be appropriate for a credit union with an extreme risk exposure or liquidity position so critical as to constitute an imminent threat to the credit union's continued viability. Risk management practices are wholly inadequate for the size, sophistication, and level of balance sheet risk taken by the credit union.
Sensitivity – sensitivity to market risk, especially interest rate risk
Sensitivity to 'market risk', the "S" in CAMELS is a complex and evolving measurement area. It was added in 1995 by Federal Reserve and the OCC primarily to address interest rate risk, the sensitivity of all loans and deposits to relatively abrupt and unexpected shifts in interest rates. In 1995 they were also interested in banks lending to farmers, and the sensitivity of farmers ability to make loan repayments as specific crop prices fluctuate. Unlike classic ratio analysis, which most of CAMELS system was based on, which relies on relatively certain, historical, audited financial statements, this forward look approach involved examining various hypothetical future price and rate scenarios and then modelling their effects. The variability in the approach is significant.
In June 1996 a Joint Agency Policy Statement was issued by the OCC, Treasury, Fed and FDIC defining interest rate risk as the exposure of a bank's financial condition to adverse movements in interest rates resulting from the following:
- repricing or maturity mismatch risk - differences in the maturity or timing of coupon adjustments of bank assets, liabilities and off-balance-sheet instruments
- yield curve risk - changes in the slope of the yield curve
- basis risk - imperfect correlations in the adjustment of rates earned and paid on different instruments with otherwise similar repricing characteristics (e.g. 3 month Treasury bill versus 3 month LIBOR)
- option risk - interest rate related options embedded in bank products
The CAMELS system failed to provide early detection and prevention of the financial crisis of 2007–2008. Informed and motivated by the large bank failures, and the ensuing crisis, in June 2009 the FDIC announced a significantly expanded Forward-Looking Supervision approach, and provided extensive training to its front line bank examiners. These are the employees of the Division of Supervision and Consumer Protection (DSC) who visit the banks, apply the official guidelines to practical situations, make assessments, and assign the CAMELS ratings on behalf of the FDIC. Since FDIC is a limited insurance pool they are highly concerned with any rise in bank failure rates. In the same period various other regulators began official stress testing of large banks, with the results often publicly disclosed. See Stress test (financial), List of bank stress tests, List of systemically important banks.
Sensitivity to market risk can cover ever increasing territory. What began as an assessment of interest rate and farm commodity price risk exposures has grown exponentially over time. Forward-looking Supervision and sensitivity to market risk can include:
- Assessing, monitoring, and management of any credit concentrations, for example lending to specific groups such as:
- established commercial real estate lending, or lending for acquisition, development, and construction
- agricultural lending
- energy sector lending
- medical lending
- credit card lending
- Exposure to market based price changes, including:
- foreign exchange
- derivatives, including interest rate, credit default and other types of swaps
- 1996 Interagency Policy Statement on Interest Rate Risk
- 1996 FED Commercial Bank Examination Manual (Section 4090, Interest-Rate Risk, has been completely revised.)
- 1996 FED Bank Holding Company Supervision Manual (section 2127) This had a minor update in 2010 discussing the 2010 interagency advisory on interest-rate risk management. The advisory does not constitute new guidance...The advisory targets IRR management at insured depository institutions. However, the principles and supervisory expectations articulated also apply to BHCs, which are reminded of long-standing supervisory guidance that they should manage and control aggregate risk exposures on a consolidated basis while recognizing legal distinctions and possible obstacles to cash movements among subsidiaries.
- 1997 OCC Comptroller's Handbook for Interest Rate Risk
- 1997 OCC Comptroller's Handbook for Risk Management of Financial Derivatives
- 1998 FED Trading and Capital Markets Activities Manual (section 3010 Interest-Rate Risk Management, pages 327 to 353) Has excellent coverage of Interest-Rate Risk Management, Camels Ratings and audit examination procedures.
- 1998 OCC Comptroller's Handbook on Interest Rate Risk
- 1998 OCC OCC Risk Management of Financial Derivatives
- 1999 OCC Risk Management of Financial Derivatives and Bank Trading Activities, Supplemental Guidance (OCC 1999-02)
- 1999 NCUA Real Estate Lending and Balance sheet Management (99-CU-12)
- 2000 OCC Model Validation (Bulletin 2000-16) note this was replaced in 2011.
- 2000 NCUA Asset Liability Management Procedures (00-CU-10)
- 2001 NCUA Liability Management - Rate-Sensitive and Volatile Funding Sources (01-CU-08)
- 2000 OCC OCC Bulletin 2000-16, “Model Validation.”
- 2001 NCUA Managing Share Inflows in Uncertain Times (01-CU-19)
- 2003 NCUA Non-maturity Shares and Balance Sheet Risk (03-CU-11)
- 2003 NCUA Real Estate Concentrations and Interest Rate Risk Management for Credit Unions with Large Positions in Fixed Rate Mortgages (03-CU-15)
- 2004 Basel Principles for the Management of Interest Rate Risk
- 2004 OCC Embedded Options and Long-Term Interest Rate Risk (OCC 2004-29)
- 2005 FDIC Risk Management Manual of Examination Policies (section 7.1 Sensitivity to Market Risk)
- 2008 Inter Financial crisis exacerbated by concentration in sub-prime mortgage lending, and real estate market price bubble. Above efforts designed to address Sensitivity to markets (IRR) failed to provide early warning or limit exposures.
- 2010 OCC Interagency Advisory on Interest Rate Risk Management (OCC 2010-1) In the current environment of historically low short-term interest rates, it is important for institutions to have robust processes for measuring and, where necessary, mitigating their exposure to potential increases in interest rates.
- 2011 Federal Reserve Guidance on Model Risk Management - Supervisory Rule (SR 11-7)
- 2011 OTS (In 2011 OTS was merged into the OCC.) Prior OTS documents covering IRR included:
- Management of Interest Rate Risk; Investment Securities and Derivatives Activities (TB-13a)
- Risk Management Practices in the Current Interest Rate Environment
- 2011 OCC Supervisory Guidance on Model Risk Management (OCC 2011-12) Supervisory Guidance on Model Risk Management amended
- 2012 Inter FAQs on 2010 Interagency Advisory on Interest Rate Risk Management
- 2012 FDIC Supervisory Guidance, Interest Rate Risk Management: Frequently Asked Questions (specifically on the 2010 Interagency advisory on interest-rate risk management)
- "Using CAMELS Ratings to Monitor Bank Conditions". FRBSF.org. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
- "NABARD - National Bank For Agriculture And Rural Development". www.nabard.org. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
- "Uniform Financial Institutions Rating System (UFIRS)". FDIC Law, Regulations, Related Acts. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
- "NCUA Letter to Credit Unions". NCUA. November 2000. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
- "Joint Agency Policy Statement: Interest Rate Risk" (PDF). OCC, Treasury, Fed, FDIC. Retrieved April 13, 2013.
- "Interagency Policy Statement on Interest Rate Risk" (PDF). GPO.gov. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
- "Commercial Bank Examination Manual" (PDF). FederalReserve.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 2, 2012. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
- "The Fed - Bank Holding Company Supervision Manual". FederalReserve.gov. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
- "Interest Rate Risk: Interagency Advisory on Interest Rate Risk Management". www.OCC.gov. January 8, 2010. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
- "Sound Practices for Model Risk Management: Supervisory Guidance on Model Risk Management". www.OCC.gov. April 4, 2011. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
- "Interest Rate Risk Management: FAQs on 2010 Interagency Advisory on Interest Rate Risk Management". www.OCC.gov. January 12, 2012. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
- "FDIC: FIL-2-2012: Interest Rate Risk Management: Frequently Asked Questions". www.FDIC.gov. Retrieved June 22, 2017. | <urn:uuid:492bc458-dba3-48e1-9dcd-3285d39899bf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wiki.alquds.edu/?query=CAMELS_rating_system | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.934848 | 8,690 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Link to Pubmed [PMID] – 19484221
Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 2009 Sep;205(4):613-24
RATIONALE: The endocannabinoid system has been recently identified as having critical involvement in drug taking and relapse phenomenon for various drugs of abuse and notably nicotine. The endocannabinoid system consists of endocannabinoids (such as anandamide), their target receptors (mostly cannabinoid CB(1) receptors), and the enzymes that degrade those endocannabinoids (fatty-acid-amide-hydrolase (FAAH) for anandamide). It has been recently identified that the utility of rimonabant for smoking cessation may be limited by its psychiatric side effects. Therefore, there is a great need to develop alternative ways of modulating the cannabinoid system that will be better tolerated.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to explore the effect of inhibiting FAAH enzyme by URB597 on nicotine self-administration under a progressive ratio schedule and reinstatement of nicotine seeking, in comparison with the effect of the CB(1) antagonist rimonabant.
RESULTS: Rimonabant, but not URB597, dose-dependently reduced the break point for nicotine self-administration, an effect that was stable over repeated administrations. Rimonabant and URB597 significantly decreased the reinstatement of nicotine seeking induced either by presentation of nicotine-associated stimuli or by nicotine priming.
CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the integrity of the CB(1) receptors is necessary for the incentive motivation of the rats for nicotine and that FAAH inhibition may be as effective as CB(1) receptor blockade to prevent reinstatement of nicotine seeking. Since FAAH inhibition present antidepressant and anxiolytic properties in rodents, targeting the FAAH may represent a novel strategy to prevent relapse for tobacco smoking that may be better tolerated than rimonabant.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19484221 | <urn:uuid:bf3a4a38-ccea-40bf-a0ed-b3108e940a79> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://research.pasteur.fr/en/publication/inhibition-of-fatty-acid-amide-hydrolase-reduces-reinstatement-of-nicotine-seeking-but-not-break-point-for-nicotine-self-administration-comparison-with-cb1-receptor-blockade/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.915512 | 417 | 1.578125 | 2 |
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Your information is not disclosed to any third parties. We may disclose or access your account if required to do so by law. If you have any questions, please contact us. | <urn:uuid:50605008-93b0-4169-8807-5b367cfa5242> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.csisouth.com/cookies-policy.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.887899 | 334 | 1.5 | 2 |
The kids love it when we make the same old boring sandwiches, with a new presentation! Skewering your sandwich ingredients is fast, fun, and for kids who normally don’t eat tomatoes on their sandwiches, they just might when it’s on a stick!
We’ve got some
- Whole Wheat bread
- Cheese (cut with cookie cutters)
- More cheese
- and another piece of whole wheat bread.
You can get creative and stack any type of sandwiches this way. The key to making a sandwich healthy for your little ones is to make sure
- You are using 100% whole grain bread!
- You include a protein (if using lunch meat, watch for sodium content, or cut your own from a home cooked turkey)
- good proteins include peanut butter or other nut butters, meat, a bean spread like hummus, etc.)
- Include fruits or vegetables!
- Vegetables are a great combo with any bean spread or lunch meat. Fruit is great to slice on nut butters.
Stick your finished Sticky Stacky Sandwiches in Styrofoam, put in a flower pot, and use as a centerpiece. Your kids will have fun pulling one out for their mid day meal!
For more of our skewered meals (cause we think they are awesome)
- Breakfast Date Bread (On a stick)
- PB&J (on a stick)
- French Toast (On a stick)
- Olive and Cheese Snack
You can even place these beauties in a lunch box to be eaten at school, if you wish.
Here is where I’m supposed to ask a question, so as to get this community interacting and so I can find out who the people are that read my blog, and then visit your blogs… but most days, I can’t think of a question, like today. Maybe you can just pop in and say, “Thanks a lot Amy, we tried the Sticky Stacky Sandwich, and my son poked his skewer in his little sister’s eye!” And then I’ll say, “Oh my goodness!!! I’m so sorry! It’s horrible”. and for safety reasons, I’ll be forced to remove the entire post. Ugh, what’s a blogger to do?
I'm a registered dietitian, mom of 4, avid lover of food and strong promoter of healthy habits. Here you will find lots of delicious recipes full of fruits and veggies, tips for getting your kids to eat better and become intuitive eaters and lots of resources for feeding your family.Learn More about Natalie | <urn:uuid:2ee626a4-6ddb-44f2-baea-f77c2189aaea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.superhealthykids.com/sticky-stacky-sandwiches/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.935478 | 574 | 2.0625 | 2 |
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